doc_id sent_index relation_id relation trigger trigger_offset arg_num arg_head arg_protein arg_domain arg_site arg_sugar arg_head_offset arg_base_np arg_base_np_offset arg_np arg_np_offset sent_text 25501675 2 0 theme ovary 351:355 arg1 cells 357:361 Chinese hamster ovary cells 335:361 Chinese hamster ovary cells 335:361 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 6 1 theme mass 867:870 arg1 labeling 882:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 12 2 gly glycoproteins 1954:1966 arg1 glycoproteins 1954:1966 glycoproteins 1954:1966 glycoproteins 1954:1966 The results demonstrate that this method could be utilized for biosimilarity determination and counterfeit identification of glycoproteins. 25501675 2 3 theme imiglucerase 295:306 arg1 Cerezyme 309:316 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 2 3 theme imiglucerase 295:306 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 276:293 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase 258:306 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) 258:320 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 3 4 dep Food 552:555 arg1 Administration 566:579 Administration 566:579 Administration 566:579 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 6 5 theme isobaric 851:858 arg1 labeling 882:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 0 6 theme therapeutics 90:101 arg1 identification 31:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 0 6 theme therapeutics 90:101 arg1 comparison 63:72 quantitative comparison 50:72 quantitative comparison 50:72 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 7 7 theme glycans 1144:1150 arg1 comparison 1116:1125 The quantitative comparison 1099:1125 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans 1099:1150 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 10 8 theme specific 1583:1590 arg1 site 1606:1609 a specific glycosylation site 1581:1609 a specific glycosylation site 1581:1609 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 6 9 theme transfer 923:930 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 4 10 theme amino 594:598 arg1 difference 614:623 The amino acid sequence difference 590:623 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products 590:660 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products is well documented. 25501675 6 11 theme XL 911:912 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 7 12 theme introduction 1291:1302 arg1 device 1304:1309 a sample introduction device 1282:1309 a sample introduction device 1282:1309 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 4 13 theme sequence 605:612 arg1 difference 614:623 The amino acid sequence difference 590:623 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products 590:660 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products is well documented. 25501675 1 14 theme replacement 231:241 arg1 ERT 252:254 ERT 252:254 ERT 252:254 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 1 14 theme replacement 231:241 arg1 therapy 243:249 enzyme replacement therapy 224:249 enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) 224:255 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 6 15 theme LTQ 898:900 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 3 16 from approved 533:540 arg1 2010 584:587 2010 584:587 2010 584:587 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 11 17 theme qualitative 1748:1758 arg1 comparison 1777:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison 1721:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms 1721:1800 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 2 18 theme human 270:274 arg1 Cerezyme 309:316 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 2 18 theme human 270:274 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 276:293 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase 258:306 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) 258:320 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 2 19 used used 373:376 arg2 glucocerebrosidase 276:293 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase 258:306 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) 258:320 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 2 19 used used 373:376 arg2 Cerezyme 309:316 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 11 20 theme site-specific 1721:1733 arg1 comparison 1777:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison 1721:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms 1721:1800 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 0 21 theme glycoprotein 77:88 arg1 therapeutics 90:101 glycoprotein therapeutics 77:101 glycoprotein therapeutics 77:101 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 0 22 theme glycoform 21:29 arg1 identification 31:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 1 23 theme common 167:172 arg1 disorder 194:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 1 23 theme common 167:172 arg1 disease 149:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 6 24 theme mass 958:961 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 4 25 theme products 653:660 arg1 difference 614:623 The amino acid sequence difference 590:623 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products 590:660 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products is well documented. 25501675 1 26 theme metabolic 184:192 arg1 disorder 194:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 1 26 theme metabolic 184:192 arg1 disease 149:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 11 27 theme quantitative 1764:1775 arg1 comparison 1777:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison 1721:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms 1721:1800 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 5 28 theme overall 686:692 arg1 composition 722:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition 682:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products 682:754 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products has also been reported previously. 25501675 2 29 theme disease 397:403 arg1 ERT 382:384 ERT 382:384 ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years 382:416 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 5 30 theme qualitative 703:713 arg1 composition 722:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition 682:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products 682:754 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products has also been reported previously. 25501675 0 31 theme quantitative 50:61 arg1 comparison 63:72 quantitative comparison 50:72 quantitative comparison 50:72 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 10 32 gly glycosylation 1592:1604 arg2 site 1606:1609 a specific glycosylation site 1581:1609 a specific glycosylation site 1581:1609 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 10 33 from site 1606:1609 arg1 amount 1553:1558 The relative amount 1540:1558 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site 1540:1609 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 10 33 from site 1606:1609 arg1 glycoform 1568:1576 each glycoform 1563:1576 each glycoform 1563:1576 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 10 34 theme reporter 1635:1642 arg1 intensities 1651:1661 reporter signal intensities 1635:1661 reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents 1635:1690 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 0 35 theme Direct 0:5 arg1 identification 31:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 12 36 theme biosimilarity 1892:1904 arg1 determination 1906:1918 biosimilarity determination 1892:1918 biosimilarity determination 1892:1918 The results demonstrate that this method could be utilized for biosimilarity determination and counterfeit identification of glycoproteins. 25501675 6 37 theme products 1015:1022 arg1 glycoforms 995:1004 the site-specific glycoforms 977:1004 the site-specific glycoforms of these products 977:1022 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 8 38 theme products 1359:1366 arg1 mixture 1338:1344 the trypsin-digested mixture 1317:1344 the trypsin-digested mixture of these two products 1317:1366 From the trypsin-digested mixture of these two products, over 90 glycopeptides were identified by accurate mass matching. 25501675 3 39 theme velaglucerase 458:470 arg1 VPRIV 478:482 VPRIV 478:482 VPRIV 478:482 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 3 39 theme velaglucerase 458:470 arg1 alfa 472:475 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa 419:475 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV) 419:483 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 7 40 theme site-specific 1130:1142 arg1 glycans 1144:1150 site-specific glycans 1130:1150 site-specific glycans 1130:1150 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 2 41 theme Gaucher 389:395 arg1 disease 397:403 Gaucher disease 389:403 Gaucher disease 389:403 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 3 42 theme recombinant 427:437 arg1 VPRIV 478:482 VPRIV 478:482 VPRIV 478:482 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 3 42 theme recombinant 427:437 arg1 alfa 472:475 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa 419:475 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV) 419:483 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 5 43 theme products 747:754 arg1 composition 722:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition 682:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products 682:754 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products has also been reported previously. 25501675 6 44 theme developed 822:830 arg1 approach 832:839 our recently developed approach 809:839 our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 809:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 6 45 theme site-specific 981:993 arg1 glycoforms 995:1004 the site-specific glycoforms 977:1004 the site-specific glycoforms of these products 977:1022 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 2 46 theme hamster 343:349 arg1 cells 357:361 Chinese hamster ovary cells 335:361 Chinese hamster ovary cells 335:361 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 3 47 theme cell 518:521 arg1 line 523:526 a human fibroblast cell line 499:526 a human fibroblast cell line 499:526 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 10 48 theme relative 1544:1551 arg1 amount 1553:1558 The relative amount 1540:1558 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site 1540:1609 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 10 48 theme relative 1544:1551 arg1 glycoform 1568:1576 each glycoform 1563:1576 each glycoform 1563:1576 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 11 49 theme first 1705:1709 arg1 This 1693:1696 This 1693:1696 This 1693:1696 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 11 49 theme first 1705:1709 arg1 report 1711:1716 the first report 1701:1716 the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV 1701:1826 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 8 50 theme accurate 1410:1417 arg1 mass 1419:1422 accurate mass 1410:1422 accurate mass matching 1410:1431 From the trypsin-digested mixture of these two products, over 90 glycopeptides were identified by accurate mass matching. 25501675 12 51 used utilized 1879:1886 arg2 method 1863:1868 this method 1858:1868 this method 1858:1868 The results demonstrate that this method could be utilized for biosimilarity determination and counterfeit identification of glycoproteins. 25501675 11 52 theme simultaneous 1735:1746 arg1 comparison 1777:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison 1721:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms 1721:1800 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 6 53 theme collision-induced 1053:1069 arg1 CID 1085:1087 CID 1085:1087 CID 1085:1087 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 6 53 theme collision-induced 1053:1069 arg1 dissociation 1071:1082 collision-induced dissociation 1053:1082 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1053:1088 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 6 54 theme TMT 877:879 arg1 labeling 882:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 10 55 theme glycoform 1568:1576 arg1 amount 1553:1558 The relative amount 1540:1558 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site 1540:1609 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 10 55 theme glycoform 1568:1576 arg1 glycoform 1568:1576 each glycoform 1563:1576 each glycoform 1563:1576 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 5 56 link N-linked 694:701 arg1 composition 722:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition 682:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products 682:754 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products has also been reported previously. 25501675 6 57 theme tag 872:874 arg1 labeling 882:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 3 58 theme fibroblast 507:516 arg1 line 523:526 a human fibroblast cell line 499:526 a human fibroblast cell line 499:526 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 4 59 from residue 628:634 arg1 difference 614:623 The amino acid sequence difference 590:623 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products 590:660 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products is well documented. 25501675 3 60 dep US 549:550 arg1 Drug 561:564 Drug 561:564 Drug 561:564 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 3 60 dep US 549:550 arg1 Food 552:555 Food 552:555 Food 552:555 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 6 61 theme tandem 860:865 arg1 labeling 882:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling 851:889 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 10 62 theme glycosylation 1592:1604 arg1 site 1606:1609 a specific glycosylation site 1581:1609 a specific glycosylation site 1581:1609 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 6 63 theme dissociation 932:943 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 6 64 theme electron 914:921 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 9 65 theme moderate 1520:1527 arg1 abundance 1529:1537 moderate abundance 1520:1537 moderate abundance 1520:1537 In addition to those previously reported, additional glycopeptides were detected with moderate abundance. 25501675 1 66 theme enzyme 224:229 arg1 ERT 252:254 ERT 252:254 ERT 252:254 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 1 66 theme enzyme 224:229 arg1 therapy 243:249 enzyme replacement therapy 224:249 enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) 224:255 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 12 67 theme glycoproteins 1954:1966 arg1 determination 1906:1918 biosimilarity determination 1892:1918 biosimilarity determination 1892:1918 The results demonstrate that this method could be utilized for biosimilarity determination and counterfeit identification of glycoproteins. 25501675 12 67 theme glycoproteins 1954:1966 arg1 identification 1936:1949 counterfeit identification 1924:1949 counterfeit identification 1924:1949 The results demonstrate that this method could be utilized for biosimilarity determination and counterfeit identification of glycoproteins. 25501675 6 68 theme Orbitrap 902:909 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 4 69 theme acid 600:603 arg1 difference 614:623 The amino acid sequence difference 590:623 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products 590:660 The amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 of these two products is well documented. 25501675 7 70 theme higher-energy 1175:1187 arg1 spectra 1220:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 1 71 theme Gaucher 141:147 arg1 disorder 194:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 1 71 theme Gaucher 141:147 arg1 disease 149:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 7 72 theme HCD 1215:1217 arg1 spectra 1220:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 9 73 theme additional 1476:1485 arg1 glycopeptides 1487:1499 additional glycopeptides 1476:1499 additional glycopeptides 1476:1499 In addition to those previously reported, additional glycopeptides were detected with moderate abundance. 25501675 5 74 theme glycan 715:720 arg1 composition 722:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition 682:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products 682:754 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products has also been reported previously. 25501675 2 75 theme Recombinant 258:268 arg1 Cerezyme 309:316 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Cerezyme(®) 309:319 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 2 75 theme Recombinant 258:268 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 276:293 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase 258:306 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) 258:320 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 7 76 theme collisional 1189:1199 arg1 spectra 1220:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 7 77 theme dissociation 1201:1212 arg1 spectra 1220:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra 1175:1226 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 12 78 theme counterfeit 1924:1934 arg1 identification 1936:1949 counterfeit identification 1924:1949 counterfeit identification 1924:1949 The results demonstrate that this method could be utilized for biosimilarity determination and counterfeit identification of glycoproteins. 25501675 1 79 theme lysosomal 174:182 arg1 disorder 194:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder 158:201 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 1 79 theme lysosomal 174:182 arg1 disease 149:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease 141:155 Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). 25501675 6 80 theme hybrid 951:956 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 9 81 gly glycopeptides 1487:1499 arg2 glycopeptides 1487:1499 additional glycopeptides 1476:1499 additional glycopeptides 1476:1499 In addition to those previously reported, additional glycopeptides were detected with moderate abundance. 25501675 11 82 theme glycoforms 1791:1800 arg1 comparison 1777:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison 1721:1786 site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms 1721:1800 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 0 83 theme velaglucerase 121:133 arg1 alfa 135:138 velaglucerase alfa 121:138 velaglucerase alfa 121:138 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 0 84 gly glycoprotein 77:88 arg1 glycoprotein 77:88 glycoprotein therapeutics 77:101 glycoprotein therapeutics 77:101 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 6 85 theme ETD 946:948 arg1 spectrometer 963:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer 895:974 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 10 86 theme reagents 1683:1690 arg1 intensities 1651:1661 reporter signal intensities 1635:1661 reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents 1635:1690 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 5 87 theme N-linked 694:701 arg1 composition 722:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition 682:732 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products 682:754 The overall N-linked qualitative glycan composition of these two products has also been reported previously. 25501675 11 88 theme comparison 1777:1786 arg1 This 1693:1696 This 1693:1696 This 1693:1696 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 11 88 theme comparison 1777:1786 arg1 report 1711:1716 the first report 1701:1716 the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV 1701:1826 This is the first report of site-specific simultaneous qualitative and quantitative comparison of glycoforms for Cerezyme(®) and VPRIV. 25501675 8 89 theme trypsin-digested 1321:1336 arg1 mixture 1338:1344 the trypsin-digested mixture 1317:1344 the trypsin-digested mixture of these two products 1317:1366 From the trypsin-digested mixture of these two products, over 90 glycopeptides were identified by accurate mass matching. 25501675 3 90 from 2010 584:587 arg1 approved 533:540 approved 533:540 approved 533:540 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 10 91 theme signal 1644:1649 arg1 intensities 1651:1661 reporter signal intensities 1635:1661 reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents 1635:1690 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 0 92 theme site-specific 7:19 arg1 identification 31:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification 0:44 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 7 93 theme sample 1284:1289 arg1 device 1304:1309 a sample introduction device 1282:1309 a sample introduction device 1282:1309 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 10 94 theme TMT 1670:1672 arg1 reagents 1683:1690 the TMT labeling reagents 1666:1690 the TMT labeling reagents 1666:1690 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 7 95 theme quantitative 1103:1114 arg1 comparison 1116:1125 The quantitative comparison 1099:1125 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans 1099:1150 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 7 96 theme fraction 1259:1266 arg1 collector 1268:1276 a fraction collector 1257:1276 a fraction collector 1257:1276 The quantitative comparison of site-specific glycans was achieved utilizing higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra with a NanoMate used as both a fraction collector and a sample introduction device. 25501675 6 97 gly glycoforms 995:1004 arg1 products 1015:1022 these products 1009:1022 these products 1009:1022 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 6 98 dep ETD 1045:1047 arg1 spectra 1090:1096 spectra 1090:1096 spectra 1090:1096 Herein, employing our recently developed approach utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and an LTQ Orbitrap XL electron transfer dissociation (ETD) hybrid mass spectrometer, the site-specific glycoforms of these products were identified with ETD and collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 25501675 3 99 theme glucocerebrosidase 439:456 arg1 VPRIV 478:482 VPRIV 478:482 VPRIV 478:482 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 3 99 theme glucocerebrosidase 439:456 arg1 alfa 472:475 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa 419:475 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV) 419:483 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 2 100 theme Chinese 335:341 arg1 cells 357:361 Chinese hamster ovary cells 335:361 Chinese hamster ovary cells 335:361 Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ERT of Gaucher disease for 20 years. 25501675 0 101 dep identification 31:44 arg1 imiglucerase 104:115 imiglucerase 104:115 imiglucerase 104:115 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 0 101 dep identification 31:44 arg1 alfa 135:138 velaglucerase alfa 121:138 velaglucerase alfa 121:138 Direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa. 25501675 10 102 theme labeling 1674:1681 arg1 reagents 1683:1690 the TMT labeling reagents 1666:1690 the TMT labeling reagents 1666:1690 The relative amount of each glycoform at a specific glycosylation site was determined based on reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 25501675 3 103 theme human 501:505 arg1 line 523:526 a human fibroblast cell line 499:526 a human fibroblast cell line 499:526 Another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. 25501675 8 104 gly glycopeptides 1377:1389 arg2 glycopeptides 1377:1389 over 90 glycopeptides 1369:1389 over 90 glycopeptides 1369:1389 From the trypsin-digested mixture of these two products, over 90 glycopeptides were identified by accurate mass matching. 26015261 4 0 theme ADCC 848:851 arg1 activity 853:860 enhanced ADCC activity 839:860 enhanced ADCC activity 839:860 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 6 1 theme Pichia 1107:1112 arg1 pastoris 1114:1121 Pichia pastoris 1107:1121 Pichia pastoris 1107:1121 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 5 2 gly fucosylated 1033:1043 arg1 antibodies 1057:1066 fucosylated therapeutic antibodies 1033:1066 fucosylated therapeutic antibodies 1033:1066 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 2 3 theme significant 337:347 arg1 gains 358:362 significant survival gains 337:362 significant survival gains in patients 337:374 New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. 26015261 6 4 theme type 1222:1225 arg1 glycans 1227:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 8 5 theme fucosylated 1693:1703 arg1 mAb 1714:1716 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1693:1716 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells 1693:1742 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 6 6 from pathway 1096:1102 arg1 pastoris 1114:1121 Pichia pastoris 1107:1121 Pichia pastoris 1107:1121 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 1 7 theme multiple 264:271 arg1 MM 282:283 MM 282:283 MM 282:283 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 1 7 theme multiple 264:271 arg1 myeloma 273:279 multiple myeloma 264:279 multiple myeloma (MM) 264:284 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 1 8 theme antibody 129:136 arg1 therapy 144:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy 118:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy 118:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 4 9 theme bio-better 810:819 arg1 therapeutics 821:832 bio-better therapeutics 810:832 bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity 810:860 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 6 10 theme afucosylated 1201:1212 arg1 glycans 1227:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 6 11 theme N-linked 1073:1080 arg1 pathway 1096:1102 The N-linked glycosylation pathway 1069:1102 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris 1069:1121 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 8 12 dep in 1532:1533 arg1 vivo 1535:1538 vivo 1535:1538 vivo 1535:1538 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 7 13 theme tumor 1448:1452 arg1 models 1465:1470 in vivo tumor inhibition models 1440:1470 in vivo tumor inhibition models 1440:1470 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 9 14 theme alternative 1794:1804 arg1 platform 1806:1813 an alternative platform 1791:1813 an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy 1791:1945 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 3 15 theme cellular 566:573 arg1 ADCC 589:592 ADCC 589:592 ADCC 589:592 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 15 theme cellular 566:573 arg1 cytotoxicity 575:586 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity 547:586 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 547:593 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 8 16 gly glycosylation 1502:1514 arg1 anti-CS1 1566:1573 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1553:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1553:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 9 17 theme Pichia 1761:1766 arg1 pastoris 1768:1775 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1745:1775 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1745:1775 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 2 18 from gains 358:362 arg1 patients 367:374 patients 367:374 patients 367:374 New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. 26015261 6 19 theme N-linked 1165:1172 arg1 glycosylation 1174:1186 human-like N-linked glycosylation 1154:1186 human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1154:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 5 20 from doses 1010:1014 arg1 efficacy 965:972 greater efficacy 957:972 greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 957:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 5 20 from doses 1010:1014 arg1 inhibition 990:999 tumor growth inhibition 977:999 tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 977:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 1 21 theme B-cell 200:205 arg1 lymphomas 207:215 B-cell lymphomas 200:215 B-cell lymphomas 200:215 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 8 22 dep better 1632:1637 arg1 efficacy 1647:1654 in vivo efficacy 1639:1654 a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1630:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 8 23 theme Fc 1499:1500 arg1 glycosylation 1502:1514 Fc glycosylation 1499:1514 Fc glycosylation 1499:1514 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 7 24 theme in 1422:1423 arg1 ADCC 1431:1434 in vitro ADCC 1422:1434 in vitro ADCC 1422:1434 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 6 25 gly afucosylated 1201:1212 arg1 glycans 1227:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 5 26 theme fucosylated 1033:1043 arg1 antibodies 1057:1066 fucosylated therapeutic antibodies 1033:1066 fucosylated therapeutic antibodies 1033:1066 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 8 27 dep pastoris 1615:1622 arg1 shows 1624:1628 shows 1624:1628 shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1624:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 5 28 theme ADCC 913:916 arg1 activity 918:925 enhanced ADCC activity 904:925 enhanced ADCC activity 904:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 6 29 with glycosylation 1174:1186 arg1 glycans 1227:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 4 30 theme glycan 690:695 arg1 composition 697:707 the Fc glycan composition 683:707 the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site 683:724 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 3 31 theme MM 613:614 arg1 adhesion 621:628 MM cell adhesion 613:628 MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 613:665 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 8 32 gly afucosylated 1553:1564 arg1 mAb 1575:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1553:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1553:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 7 33 theme mammalian 1391:1399 arg1 cells 1408:1412 mammalian HEK293 cells 1391:1412 mammalian HEK293 cells 1391:1412 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 0 34 theme antibody 64:71 arg1 efficacy 19:26 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy 0:26 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 0:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 5 35 theme therapeutic 876:886 arg1 antibodies 888:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies 863:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity 863:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 9 36 theme afucosylated 1842:1853 arg1 antibodies 1867:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies 1830:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy 1830:1945 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 5 37 with antibodies 888:897 arg1 activity 918:925 enhanced ADCC activity 904:925 enhanced ADCC activity 904:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 6 38 link N-linked 1165:1172 arg1 glycosylation 1174:1186 human-like N-linked glycosylation 1154:1186 human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1154:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 0 39 theme Pichia 101:106 arg1 pastoris 108:115 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 85:115 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 85:115 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 8 40 gly fucosylated 1693:1703 arg1 mAb 1714:1716 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1693:1716 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells 1693:1742 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 8 41 theme anti-CS1 1566:1573 arg1 mAb 1575:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1553:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1553:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 7 42 dep in 1440:1441 arg1 vivo 1443:1446 vivo 1443:1446 vivo 1443:1446 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 5 43 theme tumor 977:981 arg1 inhibition 990:999 tumor growth inhibition 977:999 tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 977:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 6 44 theme glycosylation 1082:1094 arg1 pathway 1096:1102 The N-linked glycosylation pathway 1069:1102 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris 1069:1121 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 9 45 theme immune 1896:1901 arg1 function 1912:1919 Fc mediated immune effector function 1884:1919 Fc mediated immune effector function 1884:1919 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 0 46 theme In 0:1 arg1 efficacy 19:26 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy 0:26 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 0:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 1 47 theme myeloma 273:279 arg1 treatment 251:259 the treatment 247:259 the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) 247:284 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 8 48 theme glycoengineered 1592:1606 arg1 pastoris 1615:1622 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1592:1622 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1592:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 4 49 theme N297 716:719 arg1 site 721:724 the N297 site 712:724 the N297 site 712:724 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 3 50 theme anti-CS1 442:449 arg1 Elotuzumab 417:426 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) 417:436 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) 417:436 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 50 theme anti-CS1 442:449 arg1 antibody 467:474 an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody 439:474 an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody 439:474 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 0 51 theme anti-tumor 8:17 arg1 efficacy 19:26 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy 0:26 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 0:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 7 52 gly afucosylated 1277:1288 arg1 mAb 1299:1301 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1277:1301 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1277:1346 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 1 53 theme Monoclonal 118:127 arg1 mAb 139:141 mAb 139:141 mAb 139:141 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 1 53 theme Monoclonal 118:127 arg1 antibody 129:136 Monoclonal antibody 118:136 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy 118:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 7 54 theme fucosylated 1353:1363 arg1 mAb 1374:1376 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1353:1376 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models 1353:1470 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 3 55 theme bone 633:636 arg1 marrow 638:643 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 633:665 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 633:665 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 56 theme adhesion 621:628 arg1 ADCC 589:592 ADCC 589:592 ADCC 589:592 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 56 theme adhesion 621:628 arg1 inhibition 599:608 inhibition 599:608 inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 599:665 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 56 theme adhesion 621:628 arg1 cytotoxicity 575:586 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity 547:586 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 547:593 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 0 57 theme anti-CS1 44:51 arg1 antibody 64:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 7 58 theme glycoengineered 1316:1330 arg1 pastoris 1339:1346 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1316:1346 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1316:1346 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 1 59 used used 174:177 arg2 therapy 144:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy 118:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy 118:150 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 3 60 theme IgG1 462:465 arg1 Elotuzumab 417:426 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) 417:436 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) 417:436 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 60 theme IgG1 462:465 arg1 antibody 467:474 an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody 439:474 an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody 439:474 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 8 61 theme anti-CS1 1705:1712 arg1 mAb 1714:1716 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1693:1716 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells 1693:1742 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 0 62 gly afucosylated 31:42 arg1 antibody 64:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 3 63 theme stromal 645:651 arg1 BMSCs 660:664 BMSCs 660:664 BMSCs 660:664 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 63 theme stromal 645:651 arg1 cells 653:657 stromal cells 645:657 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 633:665 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 5 64 theme lower 1004:1008 arg1 doses 1010:1014 lower doses 1004:1014 lower doses 1004:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 7 65 theme anti-CS1 1290:1297 arg1 mAb 1299:1301 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1277:1301 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1277:1346 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 8 66 theme tumor 1659:1663 arg1 regression 1665:1674 tumor regression 1659:1674 tumor regression 1659:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 2 67 theme survival 349:356 arg1 gains 358:362 significant survival gains 337:362 significant survival gains in patients 337:374 New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. 26015261 8 68 theme HEK293 1731:1736 arg1 cells 1738:1742 HEK293 cells 1731:1742 HEK293 cells 1731:1742 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 3 69 dep marrow 638:643 arg1 BMSCs 660:664 BMSCs 660:664 BMSCs 660:664 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 69 dep marrow 638:643 arg1 cells 653:657 stromal cells 645:657 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 633:665 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 4 70 theme enhanced 839:846 arg1 activity 853:860 enhanced ADCC activity 839:860 enhanced ADCC activity 839:860 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 3 71 theme MM 523:524 arg1 cytotoxicity 526:537 MM cytotoxicity 523:537 MM cytotoxicity 523:537 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 5 72 from efficacy 965:972 arg1 inhibition 990:999 tumor growth inhibition 977:999 tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 977:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 5 72 from efficacy 965:972 arg1 doses 1010:1014 lower doses 1004:1014 lower doses 1004:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 6 73 theme complex 1214:1220 arg1 glycans 1227:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 7 74 dep in 1422:1423 arg1 vitro 1425:1429 vitro 1425:1429 vitro 1425:1429 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 6 75 theme uniform 1193:1199 arg1 glycans 1227:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1193:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 3 76 theme dependent 556:564 arg1 ADCC 589:592 ADCC 589:592 ADCC 589:592 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 76 theme dependent 556:564 arg1 cytotoxicity 575:586 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity 547:586 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 547:593 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 9 77 theme Glycoengineered 1745:1759 arg1 pastoris 1768:1775 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1745:1775 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1745:1775 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 7 78 theme inhibition 1454:1463 arg1 models 1465:1470 in vivo tumor inhibition models 1440:1470 in vivo tumor inhibition models 1440:1470 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 5 79 contain possess 949:955 arg1 antibodies 888:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies 863:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity 863:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 5 79 contain possess 949:955 arg2 efficacy 965:972 greater efficacy 957:972 greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 957:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 2 80 theme New 287:289 arg1 developments 291:302 New developments 287:302 New developments in MM therapeutics 287:321 New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. 26015261 6 81 theme human-like 1154:1163 arg1 glycosylation 1174:1186 human-like N-linked glycosylation 1154:1186 human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans 1154:1233 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 8 82 dep in 1639:1640 arg1 vivo 1642:1645 vivo 1642:1645 vivo 1642:1645 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 1 83 theme lymphomas 207:215 arg1 treatment 187:195 the treatment 183:195 the treatment of B-cell lymphomas 183:215 Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). 26015261 8 84 theme in 1639:1640 arg1 efficacy 1647:1654 in vivo efficacy 1639:1654 a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1630:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 5 85 theme enhanced 904:911 arg1 activity 918:925 enhanced ADCC activity 904:925 enhanced ADCC activity 904:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 5 86 gly Afucosylated 863:874 arg1 antibodies 888:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies 863:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity 863:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 5 87 theme therapeutic 1045:1055 arg1 antibodies 1057:1066 fucosylated therapeutic antibodies 1033:1066 fucosylated therapeutic antibodies 1033:1066 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 9 88 gly afucosylated 1842:1853 arg1 antibodies 1867:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies 1830:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy 1830:1945 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 7 89 theme in 1440:1441 arg1 models 1465:1470 in vivo tumor inhibition models 1440:1470 in vivo tumor inhibition models 1440:1470 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 8 90 theme in 1532:1533 arg1 efficacy 1540:1547 in vivo efficacy 1532:1547 in vivo efficacy 1532:1547 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 4 91 theme Fc 687:688 arg1 composition 697:707 the Fc glycan composition 683:707 the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site 683:724 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 7 92 theme study 1256:1260 arg1 purpose 1240:1246 The purpose 1236:1246 The purpose of this study 1236:1260 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 5 93 theme Afucosylated 863:874 arg1 antibodies 888:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies 863:897 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity 863:925 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 9 94 theme homogeneous 1830:1840 arg1 antibodies 1867:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies 1830:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy 1830:1945 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 7 95 theme HEK293 1401:1406 arg1 cells 1408:1412 mammalian HEK293 cells 1391:1412 mammalian HEK293 cells 1391:1412 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 0 96 theme glycoengineered 85:99 arg1 pastoris 108:115 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 85:115 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 85:115 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 7 97 gly fucosylated 1353:1363 arg1 mAb 1374:1376 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1353:1376 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models 1353:1470 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 4 98 with therapeutics 821:832 arg1 activity 853:860 enhanced ADCC activity 839:860 enhanced ADCC activity 839:860 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 9 99 theme recombinant 1855:1865 arg1 antibodies 1867:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies 1830:1876 homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy 1830:1945 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 8 100 theme afucosylated 1553:1564 arg1 mAb 1575:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1553:1577 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1553:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 5 101 theme greater 957:963 arg1 efficacy 965:972 greater efficacy 957:972 greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 957:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 2 102 from developments 291:302 arg1 therapeutics 310:321 MM therapeutics 307:321 MM therapeutics 307:321 New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. 26015261 4 103 from site 721:724 arg1 composition 697:707 the Fc glycan composition 683:707 the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site 683:724 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 4 103 from site 721:724 arg1 Modulations 668:678 Modulations 668:678 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation 668:764 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 4 103 from site 721:724 arg1 strategies 788:797 strategies 788:797 strategies 788:797 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 9 104 theme mediated 1887:1894 arg1 function 1912:1919 Fc mediated immune effector function 1884:1919 Fc mediated immune effector function 1884:1919 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 4 105 theme selective 729:737 arg1 mutations 739:747 selective mutations 729:747 selective mutations 729:747 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 7 106 theme anti-CS1 1365:1372 arg1 mAb 1374:1376 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1353:1376 fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models 1353:1470 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 9 107 theme effector 1903:1910 arg1 function 1912:1919 Fc mediated immune effector function 1884:1919 Fc mediated immune effector function 1884:1919 Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy. 26015261 8 108 theme Pichia 1608:1613 arg1 pastoris 1615:1622 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1592:1622 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression 1592:1674 Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. 26015261 4 109 theme composition 697:707 arg1 Modulations 668:678 Modulations 668:678 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation 668:764 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 4 109 theme composition 697:707 arg1 strategies 788:797 strategies 788:797 strategies 788:797 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26015261 3 110 theme monoclonal 451:460 arg1 Elotuzumab 417:426 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) 417:436 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) 417:436 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 3 110 theme monoclonal 451:460 arg1 antibody 467:474 an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody 439:474 an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody 439:474 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 0 111 theme afucosylated 31:42 arg1 antibody 64:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 7 112 theme Pichia 1332:1337 arg1 pastoris 1339:1346 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1316:1346 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1316:1346 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 3 113 theme cell 616:619 arg1 adhesion 621:628 MM cell adhesion 613:628 MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 613:665 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 0 114 theme monoclonal 53:62 arg1 antibody 64:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody 31:71 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 0 115 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. 26015261 5 116 theme growth 983:988 arg1 inhibition 990:999 tumor growth inhibition 977:999 tumor growth inhibition at lower doses 977:1014 Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. 26015261 2 117 theme MM 307:308 arg1 therapeutics 310:321 MM therapeutics 307:321 MM therapeutics 307:321 New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. 26015261 7 118 theme afucosylated 1277:1288 arg1 mAb 1299:1301 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb 1277:1301 afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 1277:1346 The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. 26015261 6 119 link N-linked 1073:1080 arg1 pathway 1096:1102 The N-linked glycosylation pathway 1069:1102 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris 1069:1121 The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. 26015261 3 120 theme anti-tumor 499:508 arg1 activity 510:517 anti-tumor activity 499:517 anti-tumor activity 499:517 Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26015261 4 121 from Modulations 668:678 arg1 site 721:724 the N297 site 712:724 the N297 site 712:724 Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. 26194765 7 0 theme sIg 1112:1114 arg1 levels 1102:1107 relatively high levels 1086:1107 relatively high levels 1086:1107 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 1 1 theme N-glycosylation 215:229 arg1 sites 231:235 N-glycosylation sites 215:235 N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions 215:274 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 10 2 theme antigen-independent 1595:1613 arg1 signal 1615:1620 a supportive antigen-independent signal 1582:1620 a supportive antigen-independent signal 1582:1620 These findings indicate that lectin binding generates signals via sIg but does not mediate endocytosis, potentially maintaining a supportive antigen-independent signal in vivo. 26194765 0 3 theme Lectin 0:5 arg1 binding 7:13 Lectin binding 0:13 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions 0:44 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 9 4 theme normal 1302:1307 arg1 cells 1311:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 5 5 theme SYK 778:780 arg1 inhibitor 782:790 The SYK inhibitor 774:790 The SYK inhibitor (tamatinib) 774:802 The SYK inhibitor (tamatinib) or the BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) each blocked phosphorylation. 26194765 5 5 theme SYK 778:780 arg1 tamatinib 793:801 tamatinib 793:801 tamatinib 793:801 The SYK inhibitor (tamatinib) or the BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) each blocked phosphorylation. 26194765 11 6 theme high 1673:1676 arg1 levels 1678:1683 high levels 1673:1683 high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells 1673:1752 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 1 7 theme vast 131:134 arg1 majority 136:143 The vast majority 127:143 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, 127:205 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 11 8 theme lectin-expressing 1777:1793 arg1 cells 1795:1799 lectin-expressing cells 1777:1799 lectin-expressing cells 1777:1799 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 4 9 theme intracellular 642:654 arg1 pathways 656:663 further intracellular pathways 634:663 further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 634:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 3 10 theme intracellular 588:600 arg1 2+ 605:606 2+ 605:606 2+ 605:606 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 10 theme intracellular 588:600 arg1 Ca 602:603 intracellular Ca 588:603 an intracellular Ca(2+) flux 585:612 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 11 dep surface 544:550 arg1 sIg 568:570 sIg 568:570 sIg 568:570 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 11 dep surface 544:550 arg1 immunoglobulin 552:565 immunoglobulin 552:565 FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg) 541:571 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 6 12 theme IgG 917:919 arg1 cases 924:928 both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases 901:928 both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases 901:928 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 0 13 theme persistent 67:76 arg1 signal 89:94 a universal persistent activating signal 55:94 a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells 55:124 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 7 14 theme FL 1067:1068 arg1 cells 1070:1074 FL cells 1067:1074 FL cells 1067:1074 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 1 15 gly N-glycosylation 215:229 arg2 sites 231:235 N-glycosylation sites 215:235 N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions 215:274 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 6 16 theme MYC 957:959 arg1 expression 961:970 MYC expression 957:970 MYC expression 957:970 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 3 17 theme mannose 514:520 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 17 theme mannose 514:520 arg1 receptor 522:529 mannose receptor 514:529 mannose receptor 514:529 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 8 18 theme CXCR4 1243:1247 arg1 expression 1229:1238 expression 1229:1238 expression of CXCR4 1229:1247 In contrast, expression of CXCR4 increased in vitro. 26194765 2 19 theme high 359:362 arg1 mannoses 364:371 high mannoses 359:371 high mannoses 359:371 Glycans added to sites are unusual in terminating at high mannoses. 26194765 7 20 theme leukemia 1057:1064 arg1 cells 1028:1032 cells 1028:1032 cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1028:1064 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 4 21 theme FL 708:709 arg1 cells 711:715 primary FL cells 700:715 primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 700:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 3 22 theme intercellular 444:456 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 22 theme intercellular 444:456 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 7 23 theme chronic 1037:1043 arg1 leukemia 1057:1064 chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1037:1064 chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1037:1064 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 1 24 theme variable 259:266 arg1 regions 268:274 the immunoglobulin variable regions 240:274 the immunoglobulin variable regions 240:274 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 9 25 from cells 1293:1297 arg1 Engagement 1269:1278 Engagement 1269:1278 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig 1269:1326 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 7 26 theme antigen-mediated 1175:1190 arg1 downregulation 1192:1205 no antigen-mediated downregulation 1172:1205 no antigen-mediated downregulation 1172:1205 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 3 27 theme dendritic 420:428 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 27 theme dendritic 420:428 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 0 28 theme Ig 26:27 arg1 regions 38:44 surface Ig variable regions 18:44 surface Ig variable regions 18:44 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 9 29 theme significant 1422:1432 arg1 endocytosis 1434:1444 significant endocytosis 1422:1444 significant endocytosis of sIg 1422:1451 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 3 30 theme non-integrin 487:498 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 30 theme non-integrin 487:498 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 4 31 theme ERK1/2 750:755 arg1 detection 722:730 detection 722:730 detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 722:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 3 32 theme molecule-3 467:476 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 32 theme molecule-3 467:476 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 1 33 theme normal 191:196 arg1 cells 200:204 normal B cells 191:204 normal B cells 191:204 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 3 34 theme cell-specific 430:442 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 34 theme cell-specific 430:442 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 4 35 theme AKT 758:760 arg1 detection 722:730 detection 722:730 detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 722:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 11 36 theme colocalized 1724:1734 arg1 cells 1748:1752 some colocalized mononuclear cells 1719:1752 some colocalized mononuclear cells 1719:1752 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 1 37 theme lymphoma 168:175 arg1 cases 148:152 cases 148:152 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, 148:205 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 1 38 theme cells 200:204 arg1 cases 148:152 cases 148:152 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, 148:205 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 9 39 theme sIg 1283:1285 arg1 Engagement 1269:1278 Engagement 1269:1278 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig 1269:1326 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 9 40 theme FL 1290:1291 arg1 cells 1293:1297 FL cells 1290:1297 FL cells 1290:1297 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 11 41 from levels 1678:1683 arg1 structures 1701:1710 sinusoidlike structures 1688:1710 sinusoidlike structures 1688:1710 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 11 41 from levels 1678:1683 arg1 cells 1748:1752 some colocalized mononuclear cells 1719:1752 some colocalized mononuclear cells 1719:1752 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 10 42 theme supportive 1584:1593 arg1 signal 1615:1620 a supportive antigen-independent signal 1582:1620 a supportive antigen-independent signal 1582:1620 These findings indicate that lectin binding generates signals via sIg but does not mediate endocytosis, potentially maintaining a supportive antigen-independent signal in vivo. 26194765 1 43 theme follicular 157:166 arg1 FL 178:179 FL 178:179 FL 178:179 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 1 43 theme follicular 157:166 arg1 lymphoma 168:175 follicular lymphoma 157:175 follicular lymphoma (FL) 157:180 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 7 44 theme high 1097:1100 arg1 levels 1102:1107 relatively high levels 1086:1107 relatively high levels 1086:1107 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 9 45 theme B 1309:1309 arg1 cells 1311:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 6 46 theme IgM 906:908 arg1 cases 924:928 both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases 901:928 both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases 901:928 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 11 47 theme FL 1654:1655 arg1 tissue 1657:1662 FL tissue 1654:1662 FL tissue 1654:1662 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 1 48 from sites 231:235 arg1 regions 268:274 the immunoglobulin variable regions 240:274 the immunoglobulin variable regions 240:274 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 3 49 theme FL 541:542 arg1 surface 544:550 FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg) 541:571 FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg) 541:571 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 11 50 from site 1809:1812 arg1 role 1768:1771 a role 1766:1771 a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site 1766:1812 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 4 51 with cells 711:715 arg1 detection 722:730 detection 722:730 detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 722:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 11 52 from Location 1631:1638 arg1 tissue 1657:1662 FL tissue 1654:1662 FL tissue 1654:1662 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 3 53 theme Ca 602:603 arg1 flux 609:612 an intracellular Ca(2+) flux 585:612 an intracellular Ca(2+) flux 585:612 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 0 54 theme universal 57:65 arg1 signal 89:94 a universal persistent activating signal 55:94 a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells 55:124 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 5 55 theme BTK 811:813 arg1 ibrutinib 826:834 ibrutinib 826:834 ibrutinib 826:834 The SYK inhibitor (tamatinib) or the BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) each blocked phosphorylation. 26194765 5 55 theme BTK 811:813 arg1 inhibitor 815:823 the BTK inhibitor 807:823 the BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) 807:835 The SYK inhibitor (tamatinib) or the BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) each blocked phosphorylation. 26194765 4 56 theme further 634:640 arg1 pathways 656:663 further intracellular pathways 634:663 further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 634:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 0 57 theme activating 78:87 arg1 signal 89:94 a universal persistent activating signal 55:94 a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells 55:124 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 1 58 theme cases 148:152 arg1 majority 136:143 The vast majority 127:143 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, 127:205 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 4 59 theme cells 711:715 arg1 range 691:695 a range 689:695 a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 689:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 11 60 theme sinusoidlike 1688:1699 arg1 structures 1701:1710 sinusoidlike structures 1688:1710 sinusoidlike structures 1688:1710 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 0 61 theme lymphoma 111:118 arg1 cells 120:124 follicular lymphoma cells 100:124 follicular lymphoma cells 100:124 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 6 62 theme expression 961:970 arg1 upregulation 941:952 upregulation 941:952 upregulation 941:952 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 6 63 dep led 934:936 arg1 observed 996:1003 observed 996:1003 led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes 934:1018 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 10 64 theme lectin 1483:1488 arg1 binding 1490:1496 lectin binding 1483:1496 lectin binding 1483:1496 These findings indicate that lectin binding generates signals via sIg but does not mediate endocytosis, potentially maintaining a supportive antigen-independent signal in vivo. 26194765 7 65 theme lymphocytic 1045:1055 arg1 leukemia 1057:1064 chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1037:1064 chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1037:1064 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 11 66 theme DC-SIGN 1643:1649 arg1 Location 1631:1638 Location 1631:1638 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue 1631:1662 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 26194765 3 67 theme C-type 404:409 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 67 theme C-type 404:409 arg1 receptor 522:529 mannose receptor 514:529 mannose receptor 514:529 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 67 theme C-type 404:409 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 0 68 theme surface 18:24 arg1 regions 38:44 surface Ig variable regions 18:44 surface Ig variable regions 18:44 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 1 69 theme immunoglobulin 244:257 arg1 regions 268:274 the immunoglobulin variable regions 240:274 the immunoglobulin variable regions 240:274 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 4 70 theme primary 700:706 arg1 cells 711:715 primary FL cells 700:715 primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 700:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 3 71 theme adhesion 458:465 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 71 theme adhesion 458:465 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 0 72 theme variable 29:36 arg1 regions 38:44 surface Ig variable regions 18:44 surface Ig variable regions 18:44 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 9 73 from sIg 1283:1285 arg1 cells 1311:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 9 73 from sIg 1283:1285 arg1 cells 1293:1297 FL cells 1290:1297 FL cells 1290:1297 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 6 74 with upregulation 941:952 arg1 detection 978:986 detection 978:986 detection 978:986 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 0 75 theme follicular 100:109 arg1 cells 120:124 follicular lymphoma cells 100:124 follicular lymphoma cells 100:124 Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells. 26194765 1 76 theme somatic 283:289 arg1 hypermutation 291:303 somatic hypermutation 283:303 somatic hypermutation 283:303 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 9 77 from Engagement 1269:1278 arg1 cells 1311:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 normal B cells 1302:1315 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 9 77 from Engagement 1269:1278 arg1 cells 1293:1297 FL cells 1290:1297 FL cells 1290:1297 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 6 78 theme lymph 1008:1012 arg1 nodes 1014:1018 lymph nodes 1008:1018 lymph nodes 1008:1018 Activation by DC-SIGN occurred in both IgM(+) and IgG(+) cases and led to upregulation of MYC expression, with detection in vivo observed in lymph nodes. 26194765 4 79 theme PLCγ2 767:771 arg1 detection 722:730 detection 722:730 detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2 722:771 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 9 80 theme sIg 1449:1451 arg1 endocytosis 1434:1444 significant endocytosis 1422:1444 significant endocytosis of sIg 1422:1451 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 7 81 theme long-term 1130:1138 arg1 incubation 1140:1149 long-term incubation 1130:1149 long-term incubation 1130:1149 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 4 82 theme phosphorylated 735:748 arg1 ERK1/2 750:755 phosphorylated ERK1/2 735:755 phosphorylated ERK1/2 735:755 We have now mapped further intracellular pathways activated by DC-SIGN in a range of primary FL cells with detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT, and PLCγ2. 26194765 3 83 theme grabbing 478:485 arg1 lectins 411:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 the C-type lectins 400:417 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 3 83 theme grabbing 478:485 arg1 DC-SIGN 501:507 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) 420:508 We showed previously that the C-type lectins, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor, bound to FL surface immunoglobulin (sIg), generating an intracellular Ca(2+) flux. 26194765 1 84 theme B 198:198 arg1 cells 200:204 normal B cells 191:204 normal B cells 191:204 The vast majority of cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), but not normal B cells, acquire N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable regions during somatic hypermutation. 26194765 9 85 from cells 1311:1315 arg1 Engagement 1269:1278 Engagement 1269:1278 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig 1269:1326 Engagement of sIg in FL cells or normal B cells by anti-Ig led to endocytosis in vitro as expected, but DC-SIGN, even when cross-linked, did not lead to significant endocytosis of sIg. 26194765 7 86 theme unchanged 1117:1125 arg1 levels 1102:1107 relatively high levels 1086:1107 relatively high levels 1086:1107 Unlike cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, FL cells expressed relatively high levels of sIg, unchanged by long-term incubation in vitro, indicating no antigen-mediated downregulation in vivo. 26194765 11 87 theme mononuclear 1736:1746 arg1 cells 1748:1752 some colocalized mononuclear cells 1719:1752 some colocalized mononuclear cells 1719:1752 Location of DC-SIGN in FL tissue revealed high levels in sinusoidlike structures and in some colocalized mononuclear cells, suggesting a role for lectin-expressing cells at this site. 28025561 0 0 theme Oxide 103:107 arg1 Composites 109:118 Graphene Oxide Composites 94:118 Graphene Oxide Composites 94:118 Synthesis, Characterization, and Bactericidal Evaluation of Chitosan/Guanidine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. 28025561 8 1 theme antibacterial 1592:1604 arg1 agent 1606:1610 a novel antibacterial agent 1584:1610 a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses 1584:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 1 theme antibacterial 1592:1604 arg1 applications 1568:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 2 theme potential 1558:1566 arg1 agent 1606:1610 a novel antibacterial agent 1584:1610 a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses 1584:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 2 theme potential 1558:1566 arg1 applications 1568:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 1 3 theme contamination 165:177 arg1 spread 145:150 the wide spread 136:150 the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens 136:208 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 8 4 theme antibacterial 1472:1484 arg1 activity 1486:1493 the powerful antibacterial activity 1459:1493 the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation 1459:1540 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 0 5 theme Graphene 94:101 arg1 Composites 109:118 Graphene Oxide Composites 94:118 Graphene Oxide Composites 94:118 Synthesis, Characterization, and Bactericidal Evaluation of Chitosan/Guanidine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. 28025561 3 6 theme transmission 694:705 arg1 microscope 716:725 transmission electron microscope 694:725 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 694:731 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 6 theme transmission 694:705 arg1 TEM 728:730 TEM 728:730 TEM 728:730 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 4 7 theme Gram-negative 884:896 arg1 bacteria 898:905 Gram-negative bacteria 884:905 Gram-negative bacteria 884:905 Their antibacterial capability towards bacterial strains was also studied by incubating both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in their presence. 28025561 5 8 theme enhanced 1110:1117 arg1 activity 1133:1140 enhanced antibacterial activity 1110:1140 enhanced antibacterial activity 1110:1140 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 3 9 theme electron 707:714 arg1 microscope 716:725 transmission electron microscope 694:725 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 694:731 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 9 theme electron 707:714 arg1 TEM 728:730 TEM 728:730 TEM 728:730 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 4 10 theme Gram-positive 911:923 arg1 bacteria 925:932 Gram-positive bacteria 911:932 Gram-positive bacteria 911:932 Their antibacterial capability towards bacterial strains was also studied by incubating both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in their presence. 28025561 5 11 theme individual 1226:1235 arg1 components 1237:1246 individual components 1226:1246 individual components 1226:1246 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 1 12 dep spread 145:150 arg1 response 124:131 response 124:131 response 124:131 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 2 13 theme polyhexamethylene 359:375 arg1 PHGC 402:405 PHGC 402:405 PHGC 402:405 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 13 theme polyhexamethylene 359:375 arg1 hydrochloride 387:399 polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride 359:399 polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) 359:406 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 1 14 theme great 290:294 arg1 interest 296:303 great interest 290:303 great interest 290:303 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 3 15 theme thermogravimetric 734:750 arg1 TGA 762:764 TGA 762:764 TGA 762:764 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 15 theme thermogravimetric 734:750 arg1 analysis 752:759 thermogravimetric analysis 734:759 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 734:765 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 6 16 theme Gram-positive 1290:1302 arg1 bacteria 1304:1311 Gram-positive bacteria 1290:1311 Not only Gram-negative bacteria but also Gram-positive bacteria 1249:1311 Not only Gram-negative bacteria but also Gram-positive bacteria are greatly inhibited by GO-CS-PHGC composites. 28025561 2 17 theme dual-polymer-functionalized 408:434 arg1 GO-CS-PHGC 457:466 GO-CS-PHGC 457:466 GO-CS-PHGC 457:466 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 17 theme dual-polymer-functionalized 408:434 arg1 oxide 445:449 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide 408:449 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites 408:478 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 5 18 theme components 1237:1246 arg1 mixture 1215:1221 the mixture 1211:1221 the mixture of individual components 1211:1246 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 5 18 theme components 1237:1246 arg1 components 1170:1179 its single components 1159:1179 its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) 1159:1205 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 8 19 from agent 1606:1610 arg1 range 1622:1626 a wide range 1615:1626 a wide range of biomedical uses 1615:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 5 20 theme components 1023:1032 arg1 action 1003:1008 the synergistic antibacterial action 973:1008 the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components 973:1032 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 1 21 theme bacterial 190:198 arg1 pathogens 200:208 bacterial pathogens 190:208 bacterial pathogens 190:208 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 5 22 theme single 1163:1168 arg1 components 1170:1179 its single components 1159:1179 its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) 1159:1205 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 8 23 dep biomedical 1631:1640 arg1 uses 1642:1645 uses 1642:1645 uses 1642:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 2 24 theme antibacterial 327:339 arg1 CS 351:352 CS 351:352 CS 351:352 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 24 theme antibacterial 327:339 arg1 chitosan 341:348 novel antibacterial chitosan 321:348 novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) 321:353 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 8 25 contain has 1554:1556 arg2 applications 1568:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 25 contain has 1554:1556 arg2 agent 1606:1610 a novel antibacterial agent 1584:1610 a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses 1584:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 25 contain has 1554:1556 arg1 GO-CS-PHGC 1543:1552 GO-CS-PHGC 1543:1552 GO-CS-PHGC 1543:1552 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 26 theme low 1510:1512 arg1 cost 1514:1517 its low cost 1506:1517 its low cost 1506:1517 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 2 27 theme novel 321:325 arg1 CS 351:352 CS 351:352 CS 351:352 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 27 theme novel 321:325 arg1 chitosan 341:348 novel antibacterial chitosan 321:348 novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) 321:353 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 7 28 theme minimum 1365:1371 arg1 value 1404:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 1361:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli 1361:1438 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 7 28 theme minimum 1365:1371 arg1 μg/mL 1447:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 8 29 theme biomedical 1631:1640 arg1 range 1622:1626 a wide range 1615:1626 a wide range of biomedical uses 1615:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 7 30 theme GO-CS-PHGC 1413:1422 arg1 value 1404:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 1361:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli 1361:1438 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 7 30 theme GO-CS-PHGC 1413:1422 arg1 μg/mL 1447:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 5 31 theme antibacterial 989:1001 arg1 action 1003:1008 the synergistic antibacterial action 973:1008 the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components 973:1032 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 6 32 theme Gram-negative 1258:1270 arg1 bacteria 1272:1279 Not only Gram-negative bacteria 1249:1279 Not only Gram-negative bacteria but also Gram-positive bacteria 1249:1311 Not only Gram-negative bacteria but also Gram-positive bacteria are greatly inhibited by GO-CS-PHGC composites. 28025561 2 33 dep chitosan 341:348 arg1 composites 469:478 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites 408:478 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites 408:478 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 5 34 dep components 1170:1179 arg1 PHGC 1190:1193 PHGC 1190:1193 PHGC 1190:1193 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 5 34 dep components 1170:1179 arg1 CS 1186:1187 CS 1186:1187 CS 1186:1187 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 5 34 dep components 1170:1179 arg1 GO 1182:1183 GO 1182:1183 GO 1182:1183 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 5 34 dep components 1170:1179 arg1 CS-PHGC 1198:1204 CS-PHGC 1198:1204 CS-PHGC 1198:1204 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 5 35 theme synergistic 977:987 arg1 action 1003:1008 the synergistic antibacterial action 973:1008 the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components 973:1032 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 3 36 theme electron 664:671 arg1 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 36 theme electron 664:671 arg1 microscopy 673:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy 640:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 640:691 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 0 37 theme Bactericidal 33:44 arg1 Evaluation 46:55 Bactericidal Evaluation 33:55 Bactericidal Evaluation 33:55 Synthesis, Characterization, and Bactericidal Evaluation of Chitosan/Guanidine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. 28025561 8 38 theme novel 1586:1590 arg1 agent 1606:1610 a novel antibacterial agent 1584:1610 a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses 1584:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 8 38 theme novel 1586:1590 arg1 applications 1568:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 5 39 theme antibacterial 1119:1131 arg1 activity 1133:1140 enhanced antibacterial activity 1110:1140 enhanced antibacterial activity 1110:1140 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 2 40 dep oxide 445:449 arg1 GO 452:453 GO 452:453 GO 452:453 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 41 theme oxide 445:449 arg1 composites 469:478 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites 408:478 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites 408:478 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 7 42 theme inhibitory 1373:1382 arg1 value 1404:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 1361:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli 1361:1438 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 7 42 theme inhibitory 1373:1382 arg1 μg/mL 1447:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 3 43 theme emission 646:653 arg1 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 43 theme emission 646:653 arg1 microscopy 673:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy 640:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 640:691 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 4 44 theme bacterial 830:838 arg1 strains 840:846 bacterial strains 830:846 bacterial strains 830:846 Their antibacterial capability towards bacterial strains was also studied by incubating both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in their presence. 28025561 1 45 theme novel 230:234 arg1 materials 236:244 novel materials 230:244 novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity 230:282 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 3 46 theme as-prepared 521:531 arg1 materials 533:541 The as-prepared materials 517:541 The as-prepared materials 517:541 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 47 theme scanning 655:662 arg1 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 47 theme scanning 655:662 arg1 microscopy 673:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy 640:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 640:691 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 48 theme X-ray 600:604 arg1 spectrometer 620:631 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer 600:631 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) 600:637 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 48 theme X-ray 600:604 arg1 XPS 634:636 XPS 634:636 XPS 634:636 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 49 dep infrared 583:590 arg1 FTIR 593:596 FTIR 593:596 FTIR 593:596 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 8 50 theme wide 1617:1620 arg1 range 1622:1626 a wide range 1615:1626 a wide range of biomedical uses 1615:1645 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 3 51 theme photoelectron 606:618 arg1 spectrometer 620:631 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer 600:631 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) 600:637 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 51 theme photoelectron 606:618 arg1 XPS 634:636 XPS 634:636 XPS 634:636 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 52 dep Fourier 565:571 arg1 transform 573:581 transform 573:581 transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy 573:788 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 53 theme Raman 771:775 arg1 spectroscopy 777:788 Raman spectroscopy 771:788 Raman spectroscopy 771:788 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 6 54 theme GO-CS-PHGC 1338:1347 arg1 composites 1349:1358 GO-CS-PHGC composites 1338:1358 GO-CS-PHGC composites 1338:1358 Not only Gram-negative bacteria but also Gram-positive bacteria are greatly inhibited by GO-CS-PHGC composites. 28025561 5 55 theme as-prepared 1081:1091 arg1 GO-CS-PHGC 1093:1102 the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC 1077:1102 the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC 1077:1102 More significantly, the synergistic antibacterial action of the three components was assayed, and the findings implied that the as-prepared GO-CS-PHGC shows enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to its single components (GO, CS, PHGC or CS-PHGC) and the mixture of individual components. 28025561 4 56 theme antibacterial 797:809 arg1 capability 811:820 Their antibacterial capability 791:820 Their antibacterial capability towards bacterial strains 791:846 Their antibacterial capability towards bacterial strains was also studied by incubating both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in their presence. 28025561 1 57 theme wide 140:143 arg1 spread 145:150 the wide spread 136:150 the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens 136:208 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 1 58 theme materials 236:244 arg1 development 215:225 the development 211:225 the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity 211:282 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 6 59 dep bacteria 1272:1279 arg1 only 1253:1256 only 1253:1256 only 1253:1256 Not only Gram-negative bacteria but also Gram-positive bacteria are greatly inhibited by GO-CS-PHGC composites. 28025561 3 60 theme field 640:644 arg1 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 FE-SEM 685:690 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 3 60 theme field 640:644 arg1 microscopy 673:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy 640:682 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 640:691 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 1 61 theme microbial 155:163 arg1 contamination 165:177 microbial contamination 155:177 microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens 155:208 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 3 62 dep transform 573:581 arg1 infrared 583:590 infrared 583:590 infrared 583:590 The as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. 28025561 2 63 theme graphene 436:443 arg1 GO-CS-PHGC 457:466 GO-CS-PHGC 457:466 GO-CS-PHGC 457:466 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 63 theme graphene 436:443 arg1 oxide 445:449 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide 408:449 dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites 408:478 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 8 64 theme powerful 1463:1470 arg1 activity 1486:1493 the powerful antibacterial activity 1459:1493 the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation 1459:1540 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 7 65 theme concentration 1384:1396 arg1 value 1404:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 1361:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli 1361:1438 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 7 65 theme concentration 1384:1396 arg1 μg/mL 1447:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 1 66 theme excellent 251:259 arg1 activity 275:282 excellent antibacterial activity 251:282 excellent antibacterial activity 251:282 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 0 67 theme Chitosan/Guanidine 60:77 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Characterization 11:26 Characterization 11:26 Synthesis, Characterization, and Bactericidal Evaluation of Chitosan/Guanidine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. 28025561 0 67 theme Chitosan/Guanidine 60:77 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, Characterization, and Bactericidal Evaluation of Chitosan/Guanidine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. 28025561 0 67 theme Chitosan/Guanidine 60:77 arg1 Evaluation 46:55 Bactericidal Evaluation 33:55 Bactericidal Evaluation 33:55 Synthesis, Characterization, and Bactericidal Evaluation of Chitosan/Guanidine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. 28025561 8 68 theme facile 1523:1528 arg1 preparation 1530:1540 facile preparation 1523:1540 facile preparation 1523:1540 With the powerful antibacterial activity as well as its low cost and facile preparation, GO-CS-PHGC has potential applications as a novel antibacterial agent in a wide range of biomedical uses. 28025561 7 69 theme MIC 1399:1401 arg1 value 1404:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 1361:1408 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli 1361:1438 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 7 69 theme MIC 1399:1401 arg1 μg/mL 1447:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 32 μg/mL 1444:1451 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of GO-CS-PHGC against E. coli was 32 μg/mL. 28025561 1 70 with materials 236:244 arg1 activity 275:282 excellent antibacterial activity 251:282 excellent antibacterial activity 251:282 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 28025561 2 71 theme guanidine 377:385 arg1 PHGC 402:405 PHGC 402:405 PHGC 402:405 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 2 71 theme guanidine 377:385 arg1 hydrochloride 387:399 polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride 359:399 polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) 359:406 In this study, novel antibacterial chitosan (CS) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) dual-polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (GO-CS-PHGC) composites were designed and easily fabricated. 28025561 1 72 theme antibacterial 261:273 arg1 activity 275:282 excellent antibacterial activity 251:282 excellent antibacterial activity 251:282 In response to the wide spread of microbial contamination induced by bacterial pathogens, the development of novel materials with excellent antibacterial activity is of great interest. 24274494 3 0 theme protein 607:613 arg1 removal 596:602 removal 596:602 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability 590:662 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 5 1 from qualities 1052:1060 arg1 aspects 1076:1082 many aspects 1071:1082 many aspects 1071:1082 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 5 2 theme effective 1002:1010 arg1 refinement 985:994 DMSO refinement 980:994 DMSO refinement 980:994 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 5 2 theme effective 1002:1010 arg1 approach 1028:1035 an effective and alternative approach 999:1035 an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects 999:1082 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 0 3 theme flour 63:67 arg1 quality 45:51 the quality 41:51 the quality of konjac flour 41:67 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 24274494 4 4 theme native 767:772 arg1 one 774:776 the native one 763:776 the native one 763:776 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 3 5 from % 558:558 arg1 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 5 6 theme konjac 927:932 arg1 sols 934:937 both native and refined konjac sols 903:937 both native and refined konjac sols 903:937 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 0 7 theme dimethyl 70:77 arg1 sulfoxide 79:87 dimethyl sulfoxide 70:87 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 0:98 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 24274494 3 8 dep % 594:594 arg1 removal 596:602 removal 596:602 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability 590:662 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 2 9 theme chemical 362:369 arg1 composition 371:381 chemical composition 362:381 chemical composition 362:381 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 3 10 theme % 478:478 arg1 DMSO 480:483 75% DMSO 476:483 75% DMSO 476:483 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 1 11 theme konjac 146:151 arg1 qualities 164:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 5 12 theme alternative 1016:1026 arg1 refinement 985:994 DMSO refinement 980:994 DMSO refinement 980:994 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 5 12 theme alternative 1016:1026 arg1 approach 1028:1035 an effective and alternative approach 999:1035 an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects 999:1082 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 5 13 theme rheological 877:887 arg1 properties 889:898 the rheological properties 873:898 the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols 873:937 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 1 14 theme several 138:144 arg1 qualities 164:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 5 15 theme refined 919:925 arg1 sols 934:937 both native and refined konjac sols 903:937 both native and refined konjac sols 903:937 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 3 16 theme viscosity 644:652 arg1 stability 654:662 more satisfactory viscosity stability 626:662 protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability 607:662 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 5 17 theme many 1071:1074 arg1 aspects 1076:1082 many aspects 1071:1082 many aspects 1071:1082 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 3 18 theme stability 654:662 arg1 removal 596:602 removal 596:602 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability 590:662 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 2 19 theme KF 334:335 arg1 properties 399:408 rheological properties 387:408 rheological properties 387:408 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 2 19 theme KF 334:335 arg1 transparency 348:359 transparency 348:359 transparency 348:359 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 2 19 theme KF 334:335 arg1 properties 301:310 various properties 293:310 various properties 293:310 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 2 19 theme KF 334:335 arg1 composition 371:381 chemical composition 362:381 chemical composition 362:381 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 1 20 theme various 218:224 arg1 concentrations 226:239 various concentrations 218:239 various concentrations 218:239 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 2 21 theme refined 326:332 arg1 KF 334:335 native and refined KF 315:335 native and refined KF 315:335 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 0 22 theme prominent 16:24 arg1 enhancement 26:36 prominent enhancement 16:36 prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour 16:67 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 24274494 4 23 theme refined 706:712 arg1 KF 714:715 refined KF 706:715 refined KF 706:715 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 5 24 theme sols 934:937 arg1 properties 889:898 the rheological properties 873:898 the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols 873:937 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 3 25 theme satisfactory 631:642 arg1 stability 654:662 more satisfactory viscosity stability 626:662 protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability 607:662 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 26 from removal 535:541 arg1 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 1 27 theme KF 160:161 arg1 qualities 164:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 3 28 from % 594:594 arg1 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 1 29 theme different 244:252 arg1 levels 266:271 different temperature levels 244:271 different temperature levels 244:271 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 3 30 theme soluble 571:577 arg1 sugar 579:583 soluble sugar 571:583 soluble sugar 571:583 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 31 theme % 533:533 arg1 removal 535:541 99.7% removal 529:541 99.7% removal of starch 529:551 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 1 32 theme flour 153:157 arg1 qualities 164:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 several konjac flour (KF) qualities 138:172 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 4 33 dep showed 717:722 arg1 compared 749:756 compared 749:756 showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application 717:857 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 1 34 theme temperature 254:264 arg1 levels 266:271 different temperature levels 244:271 different temperature levels 244:271 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 2 35 theme rheological 387:397 arg1 properties 399:408 rheological properties 387:408 rheological properties 387:408 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 0 36 theme quality 45:51 arg1 enhancement 26:36 prominent enhancement 16:36 prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour 16:67 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 24274494 4 37 theme industrial 836:845 arg1 application 847:857 further industrial application 828:857 further industrial application 828:857 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 5 38 theme DMSO 980:983 arg1 refinement 985:994 DMSO refinement 980:994 DMSO refinement 980:994 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 5 38 theme DMSO 980:983 arg1 approach 1028:1035 an effective and alternative approach 999:1035 an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects 999:1082 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 4 39 theme significant 726:736 arg1 difference 738:747 a significant difference 724:747 a significant difference 724:747 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 2 40 theme various 293:299 arg1 properties 399:408 rheological properties 387:408 rheological properties 387:408 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 2 40 theme various 293:299 arg1 transparency 348:359 transparency 348:359 transparency 348:359 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 2 40 theme various 293:299 arg1 properties 301:310 various properties 293:310 various properties 293:310 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 2 40 theme various 293:299 arg1 composition 371:381 chemical composition 362:381 chemical composition 362:381 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 3 41 theme 99.7 529:532 arg1 % 533:533 % 533:533 % 533:533 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 42 from % 498:498 arg1 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 5 43 theme native 908:913 arg1 sols 934:937 both native and refined konjac sols 903:937 both native and refined konjac sols 903:937 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 4 44 theme KF 714:715 arg1 structure 693:701 the morphology structure 678:701 the morphology structure of refined KF 678:715 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 3 45 dep % 558:558 arg1 removal 560:566 removal 560:566 99.4% removal of soluble sugar 554:583 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 46 theme sugar 579:583 arg1 removal 560:566 removal 560:566 99.4% removal of soluble sugar 554:583 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 4 47 theme morphology 682:691 arg1 structure 693:701 the morphology structure 678:701 the morphology structure of refined KF 678:715 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 24274494 3 48 theme 75 476:477 arg1 % 478:478 % 478:478 % 478:478 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 1 49 theme dimethyl 177:184 arg1 sulfoxide 186:194 dimethyl sulfoxide 177:194 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition 177:210 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 1 49 theme dimethyl 177:184 arg1 DMSO 197:200 DMSO 197:200 DMSO 197:200 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 0 50 theme konjac 56:61 arg1 flour 63:67 konjac flour 56:67 konjac flour 56:67 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 24274494 0 51 dep approach 3:10 arg1 sulfoxide 79:87 dimethyl sulfoxide 70:87 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 0:98 An approach for prominent enhancement of the quality of konjac flour: dimethyl sulfoxide as medium. 24274494 3 52 dep % 498:498 arg1 improvement 500:510 improvement 500:510 27.7% improvement in transparency 494:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 5 53 theme KF 1065:1066 arg1 qualities 1052:1060 the qualities 1048:1060 the qualities of KF in many aspects 1048:1082 Furthermore, the rheological properties of both native and refined konjac sols were studied and the results showed that DMSO refinement is an effective and alternative approach to improve the qualities of KF in many aspects. 24274494 1 54 theme sulfoxide 186:194 arg1 addition 203:210 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition 177:210 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition 177:210 In this paper, an approach to improve several konjac flour (KF) qualities by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition using various concentrations at different temperature levels was proposed. 24274494 3 55 theme starch 546:551 arg1 starch 546:551 starch 546:551 starch 546:551 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 55 theme starch 546:551 arg1 % 558:558 99.4% 554:558 99.4% removal of soluble sugar 554:583 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 55 theme starch 546:551 arg1 removal 535:541 99.7% removal 529:541 99.7% removal of starch 529:551 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 55 theme starch 546:551 arg1 % 594:594 98.2% 590:594 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability 590:662 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 55 theme starch 546:551 arg1 % 498:498 27.7% 494:498 27.7% improvement in transparency 494:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 2 56 theme native 315:320 arg1 KF 334:335 native and refined KF 315:335 native and refined KF 315:335 Also, various properties of native and refined KF, including transparency, chemical composition and rheological properties have been investigated. 24274494 3 57 attach removal 535:541 arg3 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 transparency 515:526 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 3 57 attach removal 535:541 arg2 starch 546:551 starch 546:551 starch 546:551 The results showed that the KF refined by 75% DMSO achieved 27.7% improvement in transparency, 99.7% removal of starch, 99.4% removal of soluble sugar, and 98.2% removal of protein as well as more satisfactory viscosity stability. 24274494 4 58 theme further 828:834 arg1 application 847:857 further industrial application 828:857 further industrial application 828:857 In addition, the morphology structure of refined KF showed a significant difference compared with the native one as observed using the SEM, which is promising for further industrial application. 25037381 3 0 theme Uniaxial 676:683 arg1 tests 697:701 Uniaxial compression tests 676:701 Uniaxial compression tests 676:701 Uniaxial compression tests revealed a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties as compared to BC aerogels. 25037381 2 1 theme secondary 577:585 arg1 polymer 587:593 the secondary polymer 573:593 the secondary polymer 573:593 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 4 2 from 77K 829:831 arg1 experiments 814:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments 796:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs 796:865 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 1 3 theme open-porous 148:158 arg1 materials 188:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 3 theme open-porous 148:158 arg1 aerogels 100:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 2 4 theme anti-solvent 434:445 arg1 precipitation 447:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 4 theme anti-solvent 434:445 arg1 extraction 478:487 simultaneous extraction 465:487 simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 465:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 4 theme anti-solvent 434:445 arg1 techniques 544:553 core techniques 539:553 core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels 539:673 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 5 5 theme aerogels 1110:1117 arg1 treatment 1082:1090 treatment 1082:1090 treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels 1082:1217 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 4 6 dep enhancement 903:913 arg1 even 898:901 even 898:901 even 898:901 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 2 7 theme anti-solvent 496:507 arg1 scCO2 515:519 the anti-solvent using scCO2 492:519 the anti-solvent using scCO2 492:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 4 8 from micrographs 855:865 arg1 experiments 814:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments 796:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs 796:865 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 1 9 theme varying 378:384 arg1 ratios 397:402 varying BC/polymer ratios 378:402 varying BC/polymer ratios 378:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 4 10 theme ratio 946:950 arg1 enhancement 903:913 enhancement 903:913 enhancement 903:913 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 4 10 theme ratio 946:950 arg1 preservation 881:892 the preservation 877:892 the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples 877:974 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 1 11 theme BC/polymer 386:395 arg1 ratios 397:402 varying BC/polymer ratios 378:402 varying BC/polymer ratios 378:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 12 theme Bacterial 75:83 arg1 cellulose 85:93 Bacterial cellulose 75:93 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 12 theme Bacterial 75:83 arg1 BC 96:97 BC 96:97 BC 96:97 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 5 13 theme BC/PMMA 1095:1101 arg1 aerogels 1110:1117 BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels 1095:1117 BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels 1095:1117 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 2 14 theme BC 604:605 arg1 matrix 607:612 the BC matrix 600:612 the BC matrix 600:612 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 1 15 theme cellulose 85:93 arg1 materials 188:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 15 theme cellulose 85:93 arg1 aerogels 100:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 3 16 theme compression 685:695 arg1 tests 697:701 Uniaxial compression tests 676:701 Uniaxial compression tests 676:701 Uniaxial compression tests revealed a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties as compared to BC aerogels. 25037381 5 17 theme EMIM 1124:1127 arg1 acetate 1129:1135 EMIM acetate 1124:1135 EMIM acetate 1124:1135 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 1 18 theme isotropic 178:186 arg1 materials 188:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 18 theme isotropic 178:186 arg1 aerogels 100:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 19 theme methyl 332:337 arg1 poly 327:330 poly 327:330 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 327:358 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 19 theme methyl 332:337 arg1 methacrylate 339:350 methyl methacrylate 332:350 methyl methacrylate 332:350 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 4 20 theme electron 846:853 arg1 micrographs 855:865 scanning electron micrographs 837:865 scanning electron micrographs 837:865 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 2 21 theme composite 640:648 arg1 organogels 650:659 the formed composite organogels 629:659 the formed composite organogels 629:659 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 4 22 theme surface-area-to-volume 923:944 arg1 ratio 946:950 the surface-area-to-volume ratio 919:950 the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples 919:974 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 4 23 theme scanning 837:844 arg1 micrographs 855:865 scanning electron micrographs 837:865 scanning electron micrographs 837:865 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 2 24 theme formed 633:638 arg1 organogels 650:659 the formed composite organogels 629:659 the formed composite organogels 629:659 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 0 25 theme cellulose 27:35 arg1 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement of bacterial cellulose 0:35 Reinforcement of bacterial cellulose aerogels with biocompatible polymers. 25037381 5 26 with treatment 1082:1090 arg1 acetate 1129:1135 EMIM acetate 1124:1135 EMIM acetate 1124:1135 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 0 27 theme bacterial 17:25 arg1 cellulose 27:35 bacterial cellulose 17:35 bacterial cellulose 17:35 Reinforcement of bacterial cellulose aerogels with biocompatible polymers. 25037381 3 28 theme considerable 714:725 arg1 enhancement 727:737 a considerable enhancement 712:737 a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties 712:766 Uniaxial compression tests revealed a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties as compared to BC aerogels. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 PMMA 354:357 PMMA 354:357 PMMA 354:357 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 acetate 309:315 cellulose acetate 299:315 cellulose acetate (CA) 299:320 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 polymers 243:250 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 poly 327:330 poly 327:330 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 327:358 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 ratios 397:402 varying BC/polymer ratios 378:402 varying BC/polymer ratios 378:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 polycaprolactone 275:290 polycaprolactone 275:290 polycaprolactone (PCL) 275:296 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 PCL 293:295 PCL 293:295 PCL 293:295 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 CA 318:319 CA 318:319 CA 318:319 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 acid 263:266 polylactic acid 252:266 polylactic acid (PLA) 252:272 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 methacrylate 339:350 methyl methacrylate 332:350 methyl methacrylate 332:350 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 29 dep polymers 243:250 arg1 PLA 269:271 PLA 269:271 PLA 269:271 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 5 30 dep open-porous 997:1007 arg1 interpenetrating 1010:1025 interpenetrating 1010:1025 interpenetrating 1010:1025 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 2 31 theme dioxide 426:432 arg1 precipitation 447:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 31 theme dioxide 426:432 arg1 extraction 478:487 simultaneous extraction 465:487 simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 465:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 31 theme dioxide 426:432 arg1 techniques 544:553 core techniques 539:553 core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels 539:673 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 5 32 theme open-porous 997:1007 arg1 network 1027:1033 an open-porous, interpenetrating network 994:1033 an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer 994:1055 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 2 33 theme scCO2 515:519 arg1 precipitation 447:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 33 theme scCO2 515:519 arg1 extraction 478:487 simultaneous extraction 465:487 simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 465:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 33 theme scCO2 515:519 arg1 techniques 544:553 core techniques 539:553 core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels 539:673 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 4 34 theme sorption 805:812 arg1 experiments 814:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments 796:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs 796:865 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 2 35 theme carbon 419:424 arg1 dioxide 426:432 Supercritical carbon dioxide 405:432 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 36 theme using 509:513 arg1 scCO2 515:519 the anti-solvent using scCO2 492:519 the anti-solvent using scCO2 492:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 3 37 theme mechanical 746:755 arg1 properties 757:766 the mechanical properties 742:766 the mechanical properties 742:766 Uniaxial compression tests revealed a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties as compared to BC aerogels. 25037381 4 38 theme Nitrogen 796:803 arg1 experiments 814:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments 796:824 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs 796:865 Nitrogen sorption experiments at 77K and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the preservation (or even enhancement) of the surface-area-to-volume ratio for most of the samples. 25037381 5 39 theme self-supporting 1192:1206 arg1 organogels 1208:1217 self-supporting organogels 1192:1217 self-supporting organogels 1192:1217 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 2 40 theme Supercritical 405:417 arg1 dioxide 426:432 Supercritical carbon dioxide 405:432 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 5 41 theme network 1027:1033 arg1 formation 981:989 The formation 977:989 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer 977:1055 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 5 42 theme hybrid 1103:1108 arg1 aerogels 1110:1117 BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels 1095:1117 BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels 1095:1117 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 0 43 theme biocompatible 51:63 arg1 polymers 65:72 biocompatible polymers 51:72 biocompatible polymers 51:72 Reinforcement of bacterial cellulose aerogels with biocompatible polymers. 25037381 1 44 theme cellulose 299:307 arg1 polymers 243:250 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 44 theme cellulose 299:307 arg1 CA 318:319 CA 318:319 CA 318:319 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 44 theme cellulose 299:307 arg1 acetate 309:315 cellulose acetate 299:315 cellulose acetate (CA) 299:320 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 2 45 theme core 539:542 arg1 precipitation 447:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 45 theme core 539:542 arg1 extraction 478:487 simultaneous extraction 465:487 simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 465:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 45 theme core 539:542 arg1 techniques 544:553 core techniques 539:553 core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels 539:673 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 3 46 theme properties 757:766 arg1 enhancement 727:737 a considerable enhancement 712:737 a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties 712:766 Uniaxial compression tests revealed a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties as compared to BC aerogels. 25037381 5 47 theme second 1042:1047 arg1 polymer 1049:1055 the second polymer 1038:1055 the second polymer 1038:1055 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 2 48 used used 531:534 arg2 techniques 544:553 core techniques 539:553 core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels 539:673 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 48 used used 531:534 arg2 extraction 478:487 simultaneous extraction 465:487 simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 465:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 48 used used 531:534 arg2 precipitation 447:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 5 49 theme polymer 1049:1055 arg1 network 1027:1033 an open-porous, interpenetrating network 994:1033 an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer 994:1055 The formation of an open-porous, interpenetrating network of the second polymer has been demonstrated by treatment of BC/PMMA hybrid aerogels with EMIM acetate, which exclusively extracted cellulose, leaving behind self-supporting organogels. 25037381 1 50 theme biocompatible 229:241 arg1 polymers 243:250 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 50 theme biocompatible 229:241 arg1 poly 327:330 poly 327:330 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 327:358 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 50 theme biocompatible 229:241 arg1 polycaprolactone 275:290 polycaprolactone 275:290 polycaprolactone (PCL) 275:296 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 50 theme biocompatible 229:241 arg1 acid 263:266 polylactic acid 252:266 polylactic acid (PLA) 252:272 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 50 theme biocompatible 229:241 arg1 acetate 309:315 cellulose acetate 299:315 cellulose acetate (CA) 299:320 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 2 51 theme simultaneous 465:476 arg1 precipitation 447:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation 405:459 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 51 theme simultaneous 465:476 arg1 extraction 478:487 simultaneous extraction 465:487 simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 465:519 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 2 51 theme simultaneous 465:476 arg1 techniques 544:553 core techniques 539:553 core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels 539:673 Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation and simultaneous extraction of the anti-solvent using scCO2 have been used as core techniques for incorporating the secondary polymer into the BC matrix and to convert the formed composite organogels into aerogels. 25037381 1 52 theme ultra-lightweight 129:145 arg1 materials 188:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials 129:196 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 52 theme ultra-lightweight 129:145 arg1 aerogels 100:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels 75:107 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 3 53 theme BC 783:784 arg1 aerogels 786:793 BC aerogels 783:793 BC aerogels 783:793 Uniaxial compression tests revealed a considerable enhancement of the mechanical properties as compared to BC aerogels. 25037381 1 54 theme polylactic 252:261 arg1 polymers 243:250 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios 225:402 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 54 theme polylactic 252:261 arg1 PLA 269:271 PLA 269:271 PLA 269:271 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 25037381 1 54 theme polylactic 252:261 arg1 acid 263:266 polylactic acid 252:266 polylactic acid (PLA) 252:272 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogels, which are fragile, ultra-lightweight, open-porous and transversally isotropic materials, have been reinforced with the biocompatible polymers polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, at varying BC/polymer ratios. 26917397 1 0 theme dimer 206:210 arg1 DFA 224:226 DFA 224:226 DFA 224:226 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 0 theme dimer 206:210 arg1 acid 218:221 dimer fatty acid 206:221 dimer fatty acid (DFA) 206:227 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 0 1 theme composites 67:76 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 0 1 theme composites 67:76 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 7 2 theme DFAPA 1119:1123 arg1 % 1132:1132 2 wt% 1128:1132 2 wt% of total weight 1128:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 2 theme DFAPA 1119:1123 arg1 weight 1143:1148 total weight 1137:1148 total weight 1137:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 2 theme DFAPA 1119:1123 arg1 dosage 1109:1114 the dosage 1105:1114 the dosage of DFAPA 1105:1123 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 1 3 theme fatty 212:216 arg1 DFA 224:226 DFA 224:226 DFA 224:226 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 3 theme fatty 212:216 arg1 acid 218:221 dimer fatty acid 206:221 dimer fatty acid (DFA) 206:227 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 0 4 theme functionalized 92:105 arg1 derivates 121:129 functionalized vegetable oil derivates 92:129 functionalized vegetable oil derivates 92:129 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 2 5 theme composites 427:436 arg1 properties 391:400 mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties 358:400 mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties 358:400 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 2 5 theme composites 427:436 arg1 fluidity 411:418 melt fluidity 406:418 melt fluidity 406:418 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 3 6 theme DFAPA 619:623 arg1 dosage 602:607 the dosage 598:607 the dosage of DFA or DFAPA 598:623 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 2 7 theme 40/60 495:499 arg1 ratio 486:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio 457:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60 457:499 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 6 8 theme different 862:870 arg1 effects 872:878 different effects 862:878 different effects 862:878 However, DFA and DFAPA exert different effects on the mechanical properties of AS/PLA composites. 26917397 0 9 theme oil 117:119 arg1 derivates 121:129 functionalized vegetable oil derivates 92:129 functionalized vegetable oil derivates 92:129 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 7 10 theme DFAPA 1049:1053 arg1 dosage 1055:1060 DFAPA dosage 1049:1060 DFAPA dosage 1049:1060 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 0 11 theme vegetable 107:115 arg1 derivates 121:129 functionalized vegetable oil derivates 92:129 functionalized vegetable oil derivates 92:129 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 1 12 theme hot-melt 286:293 arg1 method 305:310 a hot-melt extrusion method 284:310 a hot-melt extrusion method 284:310 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 5 13 dep additives 808:816 arg1 additives 808:816 additives DFA and DFAPA 808:830 additives DFA and DFAPA 808:830 The glass transition temperatures of the composites are all reduced remarkably by additives DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 5 13 dep additives 808:816 arg1 DFAPA 826:830 DFAPA 826:830 DFAPA 826:830 The glass transition temperatures of the composites are all reduced remarkably by additives DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 5 13 dep additives 808:816 arg1 DFA 818:820 DFA 818:820 DFA 818:820 The glass transition temperatures of the composites are all reduced remarkably by additives DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 4 14 theme composites 666:675 arg1 hydrophobicity 630:643 hydrophobicity 630:643 hydrophobicity 630:643 The hydrophobicity and melt fluidity of composites are improved with the addition of DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 4 14 theme composites 666:675 arg1 fluidity 654:661 melt fluidity 649:661 melt fluidity 649:661 The hydrophobicity and melt fluidity of composites are improved with the addition of DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 8 15 theme DFA 1243:1245 arg1 dosage 1247:1252 DFA dosage 1243:1252 DFA dosage 1243:1252 In the DFA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength decrease with the increase of DFA dosage. 26917397 2 16 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 properties 391:400 mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties 358:400 mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties 358:400 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 1 17 theme extrusion 295:303 arg1 method 305:310 a hot-melt extrusion method 284:310 a hot-melt extrusion method 284:310 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 2 18 dep mechanical 358:367 arg1 hydrophobic 370:380 hydrophobic 370:380 hydrophobic 370:380 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 2 18 dep mechanical 358:367 arg1 thermal 383:389 thermal 383:389 thermal 383:389 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 7 19 theme dosage 1055:1060 arg1 increase 1037:1044 the increase 1033:1044 the increase of DFAPA dosage 1033:1060 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 1 20 theme poly 168:171 arg1 Composites 132:141 Composites 132:141 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) 132:265 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 20 theme poly 168:171 arg1 starch 152:157 acorn starch 146:157 acorn starch (AS) 146:162 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 20 theme poly 168:171 arg1 poly 168:171 poly 168:171 poly(1actic acid) (PLA) 168:190 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 7 21 theme flexural 977:984 arg1 strength 986:993 flexural strength 977:993 flexural strength 977:993 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 22 theme weight 1143:1148 arg1 % 1132:1132 2 wt% 1128:1132 2 wt% of total weight 1128:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 22 theme weight 1143:1148 arg1 weight 1143:1148 total weight 1137:1148 total weight 1137:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 22 theme weight 1143:1148 arg1 dosage 1109:1114 the dosage 1105:1114 the dosage of DFAPA 1105:1123 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 5 23 theme composites 767:776 arg1 temperatures 747:758 The glass transition temperatures 726:758 The glass transition temperatures of the composites 726:776 The glass transition temperatures of the composites are all reduced remarkably by additives DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 2 24 theme invariable 460:469 arg1 ratio 486:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio 457:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60 457:499 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 4 25 theme melt 649:652 arg1 fluidity 654:661 melt fluidity 649:661 melt fluidity 649:661 The hydrophobicity and melt fluidity of composites are improved with the addition of DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 4 26 theme DFA 711:713 arg1 addition 699:706 the addition 695:706 the addition of DFA and DFAPA 695:723 The hydrophobicity and melt fluidity of composites are improved with the addition of DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 1 27 theme 1actic 173:178 arg1 poly 168:171 poly 168:171 poly(1actic acid) (PLA) 168:190 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 27 theme 1actic 173:178 arg1 acid 180:183 1actic acid 173:183 1actic acid 173:183 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 2 28 theme contents 342:349 arg1 effects 317:323 The effects 313:323 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites 313:436 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 1 29 dep starch 152:157 arg1 AS 160:161 AS 160:161 AS 160:161 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 0 30 theme starch/poly 42:52 arg1 composites 67:76 acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites 36:76 acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites 36:76 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 1 31 theme dimer 232:236 arg1 DFAPA 260:264 DFAPA 260:264 DFAPA 260:264 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 31 theme dimer 232:236 arg1 polyamide 249:257 dimer fatty acid polyamide 232:257 dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) 232:265 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 7 32 theme DFAPA-modified 938:951 arg1 system 953:958 the DFAPA-modified system 934:958 the DFAPA-modified system 934:958 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 5 33 theme glass 730:734 arg1 temperatures 747:758 The glass transition temperatures 726:758 The glass transition temperatures of the composites 726:776 The glass transition temperatures of the composites are all reduced remarkably by additives DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 3 34 theme SEM 502:504 arg1 results 523:529 SEM and DMA research results 502:529 SEM and DMA research results 502:529 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 2 35 theme DFA 328:330 arg1 contents 342:349 DFA and DFAPA contents 328:349 DFA and DFAPA contents 328:349 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 0 36 theme acorn 36:40 arg1 starch/poly 42:52 acorn starch/poly 36:52 acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites 36:76 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 0 36 theme acorn 36:40 arg1 acid 61:64 lactic acid 54:64 lactic acid 54:64 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 1 37 theme fatty 238:242 arg1 DFAPA 260:264 DFAPA 260:264 DFAPA 260:264 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 37 theme fatty 238:242 arg1 polyamide 249:257 dimer fatty acid polyamide 232:257 dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) 232:265 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 7 38 theme mechanical 1067:1076 arg1 strength 1078:1085 the mechanical strength 1063:1085 the mechanical strength 1063:1085 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 5 39 theme transition 736:745 arg1 temperatures 747:758 The glass transition temperatures 726:758 The glass transition temperatures of the composites 726:776 The glass transition temperatures of the composites are all reduced remarkably by additives DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 0 40 theme lactic 54:59 arg1 starch/poly 42:52 acorn starch/poly 36:52 acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites 36:76 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 0 40 theme lactic 54:59 arg1 acid 61:64 lactic acid 54:64 lactic acid 54:64 Preparation and characterization of acorn starch/poly(lactic acid) composites modified with functionalized vegetable oil derivates. 26917397 1 41 theme acid 244:247 arg1 DFAPA 260:264 DFAPA 260:264 DFAPA 260:264 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 41 theme acid 244:247 arg1 polyamide 249:257 dimer fatty acid polyamide 232:257 dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) 232:265 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 6 42 theme composites 919:928 arg1 properties 898:907 the mechanical properties 883:907 the mechanical properties of AS/PLA composites 883:928 However, DFA and DFAPA exert different effects on the mechanical properties of AS/PLA composites. 26917397 4 43 theme DFAPA 719:723 arg1 addition 699:706 the addition 695:706 the addition of DFA and DFAPA 695:723 The hydrophobicity and melt fluidity of composites are improved with the addition of DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 3 44 theme DFA 612:614 arg1 dosage 602:607 the dosage 598:607 the dosage of DFA or DFAPA 598:623 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 2 45 dep properties 391:400 arg1 the 354:356 the 354:356 the 354:356 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 8 46 theme dosage 1247:1252 arg1 increase 1231:1238 the increase 1227:1238 the increase of DFA dosage 1227:1252 In the DFA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength decrease with the increase of DFA dosage. 26917397 2 47 from effects 317:323 arg1 properties 391:400 mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties 358:400 mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties 358:400 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 2 47 from effects 317:323 arg1 fluidity 411:418 melt fluidity 406:418 melt fluidity 406:418 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 7 48 theme total 1137:1141 arg1 weight 1143:1148 total weight 1137:1148 total weight 1137:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 2 49 theme mass 481:484 arg1 ratio 486:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio 457:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60 457:499 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 4 50 dep hydrophobicity 630:643 arg1 The 626:628 The 626:628 The 626:628 The hydrophobicity and melt fluidity of composites are improved with the addition of DFA and DFAPA. 26917397 8 51 theme flexural 1195:1202 arg1 strength 1204:1211 flexural strength 1195:1211 flexural strength 1195:1211 In the DFA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength decrease with the increase of DFA dosage. 26917397 6 52 theme AS/PLA 912:917 arg1 composites 919:928 AS/PLA composites 912:928 AS/PLA composites 912:928 However, DFA and DFAPA exert different effects on the mechanical properties of AS/PLA composites. 26917397 2 53 theme AS-to-PLA 471:479 arg1 ratio 486:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio 457:490 an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60 457:499 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 3 54 theme AS/PLA 562:567 arg1 composites 569:578 AS/PLA composites 562:578 AS/PLA composites 562:578 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 8 55 theme DFA-modified 1158:1169 arg1 system 1171:1176 the DFA-modified system 1154:1176 the DFA-modified system 1154:1176 In the DFA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength decrease with the increase of DFA dosage. 26917397 7 56 theme wt 1130:1131 arg1 % 1132:1132 2 wt% 1128:1132 2 wt% of total weight 1128:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 56 theme wt 1130:1131 arg1 weight 1143:1148 total weight 1137:1148 total weight 1137:1148 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 7 56 theme wt 1130:1131 arg1 dosage 1109:1114 the dosage 1105:1114 the dosage of DFAPA 1105:1123 In the DFAPA-modified system, the tensile and flexural strength first increase and then decrease with the increase of DFAPA dosage; the mechanical strength is maximized when the dosage of DFAPA is 2 wt% of total weight. 26917397 3 57 theme composites 569:578 arg1 compatibility 545:557 the compatibility 541:557 the compatibility of AS/PLA composites 541:578 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 3 58 theme DMA 510:512 arg1 results 523:529 SEM and DMA research results 502:529 SEM and DMA research results 502:529 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 2 59 theme DFAPA 336:340 arg1 contents 342:349 DFA and DFAPA contents 328:349 DFA and DFAPA contents 328:349 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 1 60 theme acorn 146:150 arg1 starch 152:157 acorn starch 146:157 acorn starch (AS) 146:162 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 2 61 theme melt 406:409 arg1 fluidity 411:418 melt fluidity 406:418 melt fluidity 406:418 The effects of DFA and DFAPA contents on the mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal properties and melt fluidity of the composites were studied under an invariable AS-to-PLA mass ratio of 40/60. 26917397 3 62 theme research 514:521 arg1 results 523:529 SEM and DMA research results 502:529 SEM and DMA research results 502:529 SEM and DMA research results show that the compatibility of AS/PLA composites are determined by the dosage of DFA or DFAPA. 26917397 1 63 theme starch 152:157 arg1 Composites 132:141 Composites 132:141 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) 132:265 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 63 theme starch 152:157 arg1 starch 152:157 acorn starch 146:157 acorn starch (AS) 146:162 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 1 63 theme starch 152:157 arg1 poly 168:171 poly 168:171 poly(1actic acid) (PLA) 168:190 Composites of acorn starch (AS) and poly(1actic acid) (PLA) modified with dimer fatty acid (DFA) or dimer fatty acid polyamide (DFAPA) were produced by a hot-melt extrusion method. 26917397 6 64 theme mechanical 887:896 arg1 properties 898:907 the mechanical properties 883:907 the mechanical properties of AS/PLA composites 883:928 However, DFA and DFAPA exert different effects on the mechanical properties of AS/PLA composites. 24568845 0 0 theme chitosan-Ag 92:102 arg1 properties 78:87 the structural properties 63:87 the structural properties of chitosan-Ag 63:102 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles composite. 24568845 7 1 theme SEM 1127:1129 arg1 images 1131:1136 The SEM images 1123:1136 The SEM images of the prepared samples 1123:1160 The SEM images of the prepared samples were discussed. 24568845 6 2 theme TEM 1037:1039 arg1 micrographs 1041:1051 TEM micrographs 1037:1051 The TEM micrographs investigation 1033:1065 The TEM micrographs investigation indicated various shapes with different reduction time. 24568845 6 3 theme different 1097:1105 arg1 time 1117:1120 different reduction time 1097:1120 different reduction time 1097:1120 The TEM micrographs investigation indicated various shapes with different reduction time. 24568845 6 4 theme reduction 1107:1115 arg1 time 1117:1120 different reduction time 1097:1120 different reduction time 1097:1120 The TEM micrographs investigation indicated various shapes with different reduction time. 24568845 2 5 from 430nm 354:358 arg1 peak 346:349 a single peak 337:349 a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 337:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 1 6 theme time 302:305 arg1 conditions 273:282 different experimental conditions 250:282 different experimental conditions of temperature or time 250:305 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 4 7 from 6h 681:682 arg1 variation 602:610 the variation 598:610 the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C 598:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 7 from 6h 681:682 arg1 reduction 666:674 reduction 666:674 reduction from 6h to 16h 666:689 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 7 from 6h 681:682 arg1 time 658:661 the time 654:661 the time of reduction from 6h to 16h 654:689 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 8 from variation 602:610 arg1 6h 681:682 6h 681:682 6h 681:682 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 8 from variation 602:610 arg1 100°C 644:648 100°C 644:648 100°C 644:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 3 9 theme reduction 569:577 arg1 time 561:564 the time 557:564 the time of reduction 557:577 The rate of the increase of this absorbance with temperature increases with increasing the time of reduction. 24568845 4 10 theme significant 706:716 arg1 changes 718:724 no significant changes 703:724 no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite 703:803 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 3 11 theme increase 486:493 arg1 rate 474:477 The rate 470:477 The rate of the increase of this absorbance with temperature 470:529 The rate of the increase of this absorbance with temperature increases with increasing the time of reduction. 24568845 4 12 theme FTIR 766:769 arg1 bands 782:786 the FTIR absorption bands 762:786 the FTIR absorption bands of the composite 762:803 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 5 13 theme spherical 850:858 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles 833:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other 833:905 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 4 14 dep intensities 733:743 arg1 the 729:731 the 729:731 the 729:731 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 7 15 theme prepared 1145:1152 arg1 samples 1154:1160 the prepared samples 1141:1160 the prepared samples 1141:1160 The SEM images of the prepared samples were discussed. 24568845 2 16 theme UV-Vis 312:317 arg1 spectra 319:325 The UV-Vis spectra 308:325 The UV-Vis spectra 308:325 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 2 17 theme resonance 428:436 arg1 band 444:447 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band 412:447 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 412:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 4 18 from time 658:661 arg1 6h 681:682 6h 681:682 6h 681:682 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 18 from time 658:661 arg1 100°C 644:648 100°C 644:648 100°C 644:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 2 19 theme plasmon 420:426 arg1 resonance 428:436 surface plasmon resonance 412:436 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 412:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 2 19 theme plasmon 420:426 arg1 SPR 439:441 SPR 439:441 SPR 439:441 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 0 20 theme Spectroscopic 0:12 arg1 study 14:18 Spectroscopic study 0:18 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag 0:102 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles composite. 24568845 5 21 from range 1015:1019 arg1 accumulations 981:993 accumulations 981:993 accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C) 981:1030 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 2 22 theme surface 412:418 arg1 resonance 428:436 surface plasmon resonance 412:436 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 412:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 2 22 theme surface 412:418 arg1 SPR 439:441 SPR 439:441 SPR 439:441 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 2 23 theme nanoparticles 455:467 arg1 band 444:447 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band 412:447 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 412:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 6 24 theme various 1077:1083 arg1 shapes 1085:1090 various shapes 1077:1090 various shapes 1077:1090 The TEM micrographs investigation indicated various shapes with different reduction time. 24568845 3 25 with rate 474:477 arg1 temperature 519:529 temperature 519:529 temperature 519:529 The rate of the increase of this absorbance with temperature increases with increasing the time of reduction. 24568845 5 26 theme temperature 931:941 arg1 60-80°C 950:956 60-80°C 950:956 60-80°C 950:956 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 5 26 theme temperature 931:941 arg1 range 943:947 reduction temperature range 921:947 reduction temperature range (60-80°C) 921:957 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 6 27 theme micrographs 1041:1051 arg1 investigation 1053:1065 The TEM micrographs investigation 1033:1065 The TEM micrographs investigation 1033:1065 The TEM micrographs investigation indicated various shapes with different reduction time. 24568845 2 28 theme Ag 452:453 arg1 nanoparticles 455:467 Ag nanoparticles 452:467 Ag nanoparticles 452:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 4 29 theme temperature 619:629 arg1 variation 602:610 the variation 598:610 the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C 598:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 29 theme temperature 619:629 arg1 time 658:661 the time 654:661 the time of reduction from 6h to 16h 654:689 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 2 30 theme single 339:344 arg1 peak 346:349 a single peak 337:349 a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 337:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 4 31 from 100°C 644:648 arg1 variation 602:610 the variation 598:610 the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C 598:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 31 from 100°C 644:648 arg1 temperature 619:629 the temperature 615:629 the temperature from 60°C to 100°C 615:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 31 from 100°C 644:648 arg1 time 658:661 the time 654:661 the time of reduction from 6h to 16h 654:689 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 2 32 theme band 444:447 arg1 formation 399:407 the formation 395:407 the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 395:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 0 33 theme parameters 40:49 arg1 study 14:18 Spectroscopic study 0:18 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag 0:102 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles composite. 24568845 2 34 theme strong 375:380 arg1 evidence 382:389 strong evidence 375:389 strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles 375:467 The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a single peak at 430nm which provided strong evidence for the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag nanoparticles. 24568845 1 35 theme chitosan-silver 204:218 arg1 nanoparticles 220:232 chitosan-silver nanoparticles 204:232 chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time 204:305 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 5 36 theme distinct 833:840 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles 833:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other 833:905 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 0 37 theme experimental 27:38 arg1 parameters 40:49 the experimental parameters 23:49 the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag 23:102 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles composite. 24568845 7 38 theme samples 1154:1160 arg1 images 1131:1136 The SEM images 1123:1136 The SEM images of the prepared samples 1123:1160 The SEM images of the prepared samples were discussed. 24568845 4 39 theme composite 795:803 arg1 bands 782:786 the FTIR absorption bands 762:786 the FTIR absorption bands of the composite 762:803 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 1 40 theme different 250:258 arg1 conditions 273:282 different experimental conditions 250:282 different experimental conditions of temperature or time 250:305 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 5 41 theme TEM 810:812 arg1 micrographs 814:824 The TEM micrographs 806:824 The TEM micrographs 806:824 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 4 42 dep 100°C 644:648 arg1 to 641:642 to 641:642 to 641:642 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 3 43 theme absorbance 503:512 arg1 increase 486:493 the increase 482:493 the increase of this absorbance 482:512 The rate of the increase of this absorbance with temperature increases with increasing the time of reduction. 24568845 1 44 theme reducing 141:148 arg1 agent 175:179 reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 141:179 reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 141:179 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 4 45 from changes 718:724 arg1 intensities 733:743 intensities 733:743 intensities 733:743 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 45 from changes 718:724 arg1 positions 749:757 positions 749:757 positions 749:757 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 5 46 theme temperature 1003:1013 arg1 90-100°C 1022:1029 90-100°C 1022:1029 90-100°C 1022:1029 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 5 46 theme temperature 1003:1013 arg1 range 1015:1019 high temperature range 998:1019 high temperature range (90-100°C) 998:1030 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 4 47 theme reduction 666:674 arg1 variation 602:610 the variation 598:610 the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C 598:648 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 47 theme reduction 666:674 arg1 time 658:661 the time 654:661 the time of reduction from 6h to 16h 654:689 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 48 theme bands 782:786 arg1 intensities 733:743 intensities 733:743 intensities 733:743 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 4 48 theme bands 782:786 arg1 positions 749:757 positions 749:757 positions 749:757 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 5 49 theme reduction 921:929 arg1 60-80°C 950:956 60-80°C 950:956 60-80°C 950:956 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 5 49 theme reduction 921:929 arg1 range 943:947 reduction temperature range 921:947 reduction temperature range (60-80°C) 921:957 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 1 50 theme experimental 260:271 arg1 conditions 273:282 different experimental conditions 250:282 different experimental conditions of temperature or time 250:305 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 4 51 theme absorption 771:780 arg1 bands 782:786 the FTIR absorption bands 762:786 the FTIR absorption bands of the composite 762:803 It was found that the variation of the temperature from 60°C to 100°C and the time of reduction from 6h to 16h resulted in no significant changes in the intensities and positions of the FTIR absorption bands of the composite. 24568845 1 52 theme stabilizing 151:161 arg1 agent 175:179 reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 141:179 reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 141:179 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 5 53 theme typical 842:848 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles 833:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other 833:905 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 5 54 theme high 998:1001 arg1 90-100°C 1022:1029 90-100°C 1022:1029 90-100°C 1022:1029 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 5 54 theme high 998:1001 arg1 range 1015:1019 high temperature range 998:1019 high temperature range (90-100°C) 998:1030 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 5 55 theme silver 860:865 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles 833:879 distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other 833:905 The TEM micrographs showed distinct typical spherical silver nanoparticles separated from each other quite well at reduction temperature range (60-80°C) and displayed some of accumulations at high temperature range (90-100°C). 24568845 0 56 theme structural 67:76 arg1 properties 78:87 the structural properties 63:87 the structural properties of chitosan-Ag 63:102 Spectroscopic study of the experimental parameters controlling the structural properties of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles composite. 24568845 1 57 used used 185:188 arg2 Chitosan 129:136 Chitosan 129:136 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 129:179 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 1 58 theme capping 167:173 arg1 agent 175:179 reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 141:179 reducing, stabilizing and capping agent 141:179 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24568845 1 59 theme temperature 287:297 arg1 conditions 273:282 different experimental conditions 250:282 different experimental conditions of temperature or time 250:305 Chitosan as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent was used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles composite under different experimental conditions of temperature or time. 24586246 0 0 theme sulfuric 78:85 arg1 hydrolysis 109:118 sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 78:118 sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 78:118 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 7 1 theme SNC 1080:1082 arg1 distribution 1064:1075 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution 1010:1075 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC 1010:1082 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 6 2 theme H2SO4-hydrolyzed 935:950 arg1 SNC 952:954 H2SO4-hydrolyzed SNC 935:954 H2SO4-hydrolyzed SNC 935:954 After placed 48 h at pH 10.6, zeta-potential increased to -24.1 mV for H2SO4-hydrolyzed SNC, while no change was detected for HCl-hydrolyzed one. 24586246 0 3 theme acid 104:107 arg1 hydrolysis 109:118 sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 78:118 sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 78:118 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 7 4 theme particle 1055:1062 arg1 distribution 1064:1075 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution 1010:1075 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC 1010:1082 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 0 5 theme hydrochloric 91:102 arg1 hydrolysis 109:118 sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 78:118 sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 78:118 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 6 6 dep 48 877:878 arg1 placed 870:875 placed 870:875 placed 870:875 After placed 48 h at pH 10.6, zeta-potential increased to -24.1 mV for H2SO4-hydrolyzed SNC, while no change was detected for HCl-hydrolyzed one. 24586246 4 7 theme H2SO4- 682:687 arg1 suspensions 712:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions 682:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5 682:732 Zeta-potentials were -23.1 and -5.02 mV for H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5, respectively. 24586246 7 8 theme relative 1040:1047 arg1 particle 1055:1062 higher zeta-potential and relative small particle 1014:1062 particle 1055:1062 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 3 9 theme TEM 501:503 arg1 results 505:511 TEM results 501:511 TEM results 501:511 TEM results showed that, compared to H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample, a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis were observed. 24586246 5 10 theme zeta-potential 767:780 arg1 values 782:787 the zeta-potential values 763:787 the zeta-potential values 763:787 Nevertheless, the zeta-potential values decreased to -32.3 and -10.2 mV as the dispersion pH was adjusted to 10.6. 24586246 7 11 theme stable 1096:1101 arg1 suspensions 1103:1113 more stable suspensions 1091:1113 more stable suspensions 1091:1113 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 4 12 from pH 727:728 arg1 suspensions 712:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions 682:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5 682:732 Zeta-potentials were -23.1 and -5.02 mV for H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5, respectively. 24586246 2 13 theme sulfate 367:373 arg1 esters 375:380 sulfate esters 367:380 sulfate esters 367:380 The results showed that carboxyl groups and sulfate esters were presented in SNC after hydrolysis with H2SO4, while no sulfate esters were detected in SNC during HCl-hydrolysis. 24586246 0 14 theme chemical 8:15 arg1 compositions 17:28 Surface chemical compositions 0:28 Surface chemical compositions 0:28 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 7 15 theme zeta-potential 1021:1034 arg1 distribution 1064:1075 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution 1010:1075 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC 1010:1082 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 7 16 theme HCl-hydrolyzed 1127:1140 arg1 sample 1142:1147 HCl-hydrolyzed sample 1127:1147 HCl-hydrolyzed sample 1127:1147 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 0 17 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 compositions 17:28 Surface chemical compositions 0:28 Surface chemical compositions 0:28 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 3 18 theme H2SO4-hydrolyzed 538:553 arg1 sample 555:560 H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample 538:560 H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample 538:560 TEM results showed that, compared to H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample, a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis were observed. 24586246 1 19 theme sulfuric 195:202 arg1 H2SO4 210:214 H2SO4 210:214 H2SO4 210:214 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 19 theme sulfuric 195:202 arg1 acid 204:207 sulfuric acid 195:207 sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 195:215 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 7 20 dep zeta-potential 1021:1034 arg1 higher 1014:1019 higher 1014:1019 higher 1014:1019 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 1 21 theme acid 204:207 arg1 hydrolysis 245:254 sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 195:254 sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 195:254 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 4 22 theme SNC 708:710 arg1 suspensions 712:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions 682:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5 682:732 Zeta-potentials were -23.1 and -5.02 mV for H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5, respectively. 24586246 1 23 theme X-ray 273:277 arg1 XPS 307:309 XPS 307:309 XPS 307:309 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 23 theme X-ray 273:277 arg1 spectroscopy 293:304 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 273:304 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 273:310 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 24 theme starch 154:159 arg1 nanocrystals 161:172 starch nanocrystals 154:172 starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 154:254 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 24 theme starch 154:159 arg1 SNC 175:177 SNC 175:177 SNC 175:177 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 2 25 theme sulfate 442:448 arg1 esters 450:455 no sulfate esters 439:455 no sulfate esters 439:455 The results showed that carboxyl groups and sulfate esters were presented in SNC after hydrolysis with H2SO4, while no sulfate esters were detected in SNC during HCl-hydrolysis. 24586246 1 26 theme photoelectron 279:291 arg1 XPS 307:309 XPS 307:309 XPS 307:309 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 26 theme photoelectron 279:291 arg1 spectroscopy 293:304 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 273:304 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 273:310 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 3 27 theme wider 565:569 arg1 distribution 576:587 a wider size distribution 563:587 a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis 563:621 TEM results showed that, compared to H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample, a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis were observed. 24586246 2 28 with hydrolysis 410:419 arg1 H2SO4 426:430 H2SO4 426:430 H2SO4 426:430 The results showed that carboxyl groups and sulfate esters were presented in SNC after hydrolysis with H2SO4, while no sulfate esters were detected in SNC during HCl-hydrolysis. 24586246 0 29 theme nanocrystals 55:66 arg1 compositions 17:28 Surface chemical compositions 0:28 Surface chemical compositions 0:28 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 0 29 theme nanocrystals 55:66 arg1 dispersity 34:43 dispersity 34:43 dispersity of starch nanocrystals 34:66 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 6 30 from pH 885:886 arg1 h 880:880 placed 48 h 870:880 placed 48 h at pH 10.6 870:891 After placed 48 h at pH 10.6, zeta-potential increased to -24.1 mV for H2SO4-hydrolyzed SNC, while no change was detected for HCl-hydrolyzed one. 24586246 1 31 theme Surface 121:127 arg1 compositions 138:149 Surface chemical compositions 121:149 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 121:254 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 0 32 theme starch 48:53 arg1 nanocrystals 55:66 starch nanocrystals 48:66 starch nanocrystals 48:66 Surface chemical compositions and dispersity of starch nanocrystals formed by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. 24586246 7 33 theme small 1049:1053 arg1 particle 1055:1062 higher zeta-potential and relative small particle 1014:1062 particle 1055:1062 The higher zeta-potential and relative small particle distribution of SNC caused more stable suspensions compared to HCl-hydrolyzed sample. 24586246 1 34 theme chemical 129:136 arg1 compositions 138:149 Surface chemical compositions 121:149 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 121:254 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 4 35 theme HCl-hydrolyzed 693:706 arg1 suspensions 712:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions 682:722 H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5 682:732 Zeta-potentials were -23.1 and -5.02 mV for H2SO4- and HCl-hydrolyzed SNC suspensions at pH 6.5, respectively. 24586246 3 36 theme SNC 592:594 arg1 distribution 576:587 a wider size distribution 563:587 a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis 563:621 TEM results showed that, compared to H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample, a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis were observed. 24586246 2 37 located detected 462:469 arg2 esters 450:455 no sulfate esters 439:455 no sulfate esters 439:455 The results showed that carboxyl groups and sulfate esters were presented in SNC after hydrolysis with H2SO4, while no sulfate esters were detected in SNC during HCl-hydrolysis. 24586246 2 37 located detected 462:469 arg1 SNC 474:476 SNC 474:476 SNC 474:476 The results showed that carboxyl groups and sulfate esters were presented in SNC after hydrolysis with H2SO4, while no sulfate esters were detected in SNC during HCl-hydrolysis. 24586246 1 38 theme hydrochloric 221:232 arg1 acid 234:237 hydrochloric acid 221:237 hydrochloric acid (HCl) 221:243 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 38 theme hydrochloric 221:232 arg1 HCl 240:242 HCl 240:242 HCl 240:242 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 3 39 theme size 571:574 arg1 distribution 576:587 a wider size distribution 563:587 a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis 563:621 TEM results showed that, compared to H2SO4-hydrolyzed sample, a wider size distribution of SNC prepared by HCl-hydrolysis were observed. 24586246 6 40 theme HCl-hydrolyzed 990:1003 arg1 one 1005:1007 HCl-hydrolyzed one 990:1007 HCl-hydrolyzed one 990:1007 After placed 48 h at pH 10.6, zeta-potential increased to -24.1 mV for H2SO4-hydrolyzed SNC, while no change was detected for HCl-hydrolyzed one. 24586246 2 41 theme carboxyl 347:354 arg1 groups 356:361 carboxyl groups 347:361 carboxyl groups 347:361 The results showed that carboxyl groups and sulfate esters were presented in SNC after hydrolysis with H2SO4, while no sulfate esters were detected in SNC during HCl-hydrolysis. 24586246 5 42 theme dispersion 828:837 arg1 pH 839:840 the dispersion pH 824:840 the dispersion pH 824:840 Nevertheless, the zeta-potential values decreased to -32.3 and -10.2 mV as the dispersion pH was adjusted to 10.6. 24586246 1 43 theme acid 234:237 arg1 hydrolysis 245:254 sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 195:254 sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 195:254 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 24586246 1 44 theme nanocrystals 161:172 arg1 compositions 138:149 Surface chemical compositions 121:149 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis 121:254 Surface chemical compositions of starch nanocrystals (SNC) prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolysis were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR. 27122252 0 0 theme Dioscorea 71:79 arg1 Thunb 90:94 Dioscorea opposite Thunb 71:94 Dioscorea opposite Thunb. 71:95 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 4 1 theme better 412:417 arg1 effect 419:424 a better effect 410:424 a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions 410:485 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 9 2 theme yam 1453:1455 arg1 peel 1457:1460 yam peel 1453:1460 yam peel 1453:1460 Moreover, the data indicated that allantoin may play an important role on antioxidative and antitumor capacity in yam peel. 27122252 6 3 theme mouse 858:862 arg1 models 864:869 mouse models 858:869 mouse models 858:869 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 4 theme reactive 429:436 arg1 scavenging 451:460 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging 429:460 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 6 5 theme yam 796:798 arg1 peel 800:803 yam peel 796:803 yam peel 796:803 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 6 6 theme inhibition 883:892 arg1 rates 894:898 tumor inhibition rates 877:898 tumor inhibition rates 877:898 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 5 7 theme scavenging 593:602 arg1 OH• 588:590 OH• 588:590 OH• 588:590 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 7 theme scavenging 593:602 arg1 μg/mL 625:629 744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL 611:629 744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL 611:629 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 7 theme scavenging 593:602 arg1 assay 604:608 hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay 570:608 hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) 570:630 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 4 8 from effect 419:424 arg1 assay 462:466 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 7 9 theme total 1101:1105 arg1 contents 1117:1124 total phenolics contents 1101:1124 total phenolics contents 1101:1124 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 9 10 theme important 1395:1403 arg1 role 1405:1408 an important role 1392:1408 an important role 1392:1408 Moreover, the data indicated that allantoin may play an important role on antioxidative and antitumor capacity in yam peel. 27122252 0 11 theme opposite 81:88 arg1 Thunb 90:94 Dioscorea opposite Thunb 71:94 Dioscorea opposite Thunb. 71:95 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 8 12 theme scavenging 1262:1271 arg1 higher 1309:1314 higher 1309:1314 higher 1309:1314 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 8 12 theme scavenging 1262:1271 arg1 effects 1277:1283 the scavenging ROS effects 1258:1283 the scavenging ROS effects 1258:1283 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 6 13 from flesh 841:845 arg1 models 864:869 mouse models 858:869 mouse models 858:869 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 2 14 theme extracts 250:257 arg1 activities 214:223 the antioxidant and antitumor activities 184:223 the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam 184:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 7 15 theme flesh 1143:1147 arg1 extracts 1131:1138 extracts 1131:1138 extracts of flesh 1131:1147 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 5 16 theme scavenging 670:679 arg1 μg/mL 702:706 374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL 688:706 374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL 688:706 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 16 theme scavenging 670:679 arg1 assay 681:685 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay 640:685 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) 640:707 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 4 17 theme peel 391:394 arg1 portions 396:403 all peel portions 387:403 all peel portions 387:403 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 6 18 theme H22 1014:1016 arg1 model 1019:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 7 19 theme peel 1049:1052 arg1 extracts 1037:1044 extracts 1037:1044 extracts of peel 1037:1052 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 7 19 theme peel 1049:1052 arg1 Meanwhile 1026:1034 Meanwhile 1026:1034 Meanwhile 1026:1034 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 2 20 theme ethanol 242:248 arg1 extracts 250:257 the water and ethanol extracts 228:257 the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam 228:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 6 21 theme tumor 877:881 arg1 rates 894:898 tumor inhibition rates 877:898 tumor inhibition rates 877:898 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 5 22 theme 744.25 611:616 arg1 ± 618:618 ± 618:618 ± 618:618 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 6 23 theme peel 800:803 arg1 property 784:791 the antitumor property 770:791 the antitumor property of yam peel 770:803 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 6 23 theme peel 800:803 arg1 effective 814:822 effective 814:822 effective 814:822 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 8 24 theme ROS 1273:1275 arg1 higher 1309:1314 higher 1309:1314 higher 1309:1314 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 8 24 theme ROS 1273:1275 arg1 effects 1277:1283 the scavenging ROS effects 1258:1283 the scavenging ROS effects 1258:1283 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 6 25 theme tumor 1007:1011 arg1 model 1019:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 6 26 theme Tumor 943:947 arg1 model 955:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 3 27 theme effective 348:356 arg1 compounds 358:366 the effective compounds 344:366 the effective compounds 344:366 flesh (CYF) and peel (CYP) and the effective compounds. 27122252 6 28 theme hepatocarcinoma 991:1005 arg1 model 1019:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 2 29 dep Dioscorea 286:294 arg1 Thunb 305:309 opposite Thunb 296:309 Dioscorea opposite Thunb. 286:310 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 7 30 theme higher 1061:1066 arg1 allantoin 1068:1076 higher allantoin 1061:1076 higher allantoin 1061:1076 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 5 31 theme 374.85 688:693 arg1 ± 695:695 ± 695:695 ± 695:695 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 4 32 theme scavenging 451:460 arg1 assay 462:466 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 5 33 theme radical 579:585 arg1 OH• 588:590 OH• 588:590 OH• 588:590 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 33 theme radical 579:585 arg1 μg/mL 625:629 744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL 611:629 744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL 611:629 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 33 theme radical 579:585 arg1 assay 604:608 hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay 570:608 hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) 570:630 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 7 34 theme phenolics 1107:1115 arg1 contents 1117:1124 total phenolics contents 1101:1124 total phenolics contents 1101:1124 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 2 35 theme Chinese 273:279 arg1 yam 281:283 Chinese yam 273:283 Chinese yam 273:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 6 36 theme H22 987:989 arg1 model 1019:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model 987:1023 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 37 theme yam 532:534 arg1 peel 536:539 Chinese yam peel 524:539 Chinese yam peel (CYP-W) 524:547 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 4 37 theme yam 532:534 arg1 CYP-W 542:546 CYP-W 542:546 CYP-W 542:546 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 6 38 theme Ascites 935:941 arg1 model 955:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 39 theme meat 473:476 arg1 portions 478:485 meat portions 473:485 meat portions 473:485 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 6 40 theme EAC 950:952 arg1 model 955:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 41 theme Chinese 524:530 arg1 peel 536:539 Chinese yam peel 524:539 Chinese yam peel (CYP-W) 524:547 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 4 41 theme Chinese 524:530 arg1 CYP-W 542:546 CYP-W 542:546 CYP-W 542:546 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 9 42 theme antioxidative 1413:1425 arg1 capacity 1441:1448 antioxidative and antitumor capacity 1413:1448 capacity 1441:1448 Moreover, the data indicated that allantoin may play an important role on antioxidative and antitumor capacity in yam peel. 27122252 8 43 theme antitumor 1215:1223 arg1 activity 1225:1232 better antitumor activity 1208:1232 better antitumor activity than flesh extracts 1208:1252 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 2 44 theme antitumor 204:212 arg1 activities 214:223 the antioxidant and antitumor activities 184:223 the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam 184:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 8 45 from CYP-W 1323:1327 arg1 vitro 1332:1336 vitro 1332:1336 vitro 1332:1336 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 0 46 from Yam 66:68 arg1 Extracts 44:51 the Extracts 40:51 the Extracts from Chinese Yam 40:68 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 6 47 theme yam 837:839 arg1 CYF-W 848:852 CYF-W 848:852 CYF-W 848:852 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 6 47 theme yam 837:839 arg1 flesh 841:845 yam flesh 837:845 yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models 837:869 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 48 theme peel 536:539 arg1 extract 513:519 the water extract 503:519 the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W) 503:547 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 5 49 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 640:668 arg1 μg/mL 702:706 374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL 688:706 374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL 688:706 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 49 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 640:668 arg1 assay 681:685 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay 640:685 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) 640:707 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 2 50 attach isolated 259:266 arg1 yam 281:283 Chinese yam 273:283 Chinese yam 273:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 2 50 attach isolated 259:266 arg2 extracts 250:257 the water and ethanol extracts 228:257 the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam 228:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 5 51 theme IC50 554:557 arg1 values 559:564 Its IC50 values 550:564 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) 550:707 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 52 theme 3.46 620:623 arg1 ± 618:618 ± 618:618 ± 618:618 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 2 53 theme antioxidant 188:198 arg1 activities 214:223 the antioxidant and antitumor activities 184:223 the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam 184:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 4 54 contain have 405:408 arg2 effect 419:424 a better effect 410:424 a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions 410:485 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 4 54 contain have 405:408 arg1 portions 396:403 all peel portions 387:403 all peel portions 387:403 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 0 55 theme Extracts 44:51 arg1 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 8 56 theme better 1208:1213 arg1 activity 1225:1232 better antitumor activity 1208:1232 better antitumor activity than flesh extracts 1208:1252 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 5 57 dep lower 719:723 arg1 both 714:717 both 714:717 both 714:717 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 4 58 theme ROS 446:448 arg1 scavenging 451:460 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging 429:460 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 2 59 theme water 232:236 arg1 extracts 250:257 the water and ethanol extracts 228:257 the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam 228:283 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 2 60 theme opposite 296:303 arg1 Thunb 305:309 opposite Thunb 296:309 Dioscorea opposite Thunb. 286:310 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 6 61 theme Ehrlich 927:933 arg1 model 955:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model 927:959 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 62 theme water 507:511 arg1 extract 513:519 the water extract 503:519 the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W) 503:547 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 27122252 5 63 theme hydroxyl 570:577 arg1 radical 579:585 hydroxyl radical 570:585 hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) 570:630 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 9 64 theme antitumor 1431:1439 arg1 capacity 1441:1448 antioxidative and antitumor capacity 1413:1448 capacity 1441:1448 Moreover, the data indicated that allantoin may play an important role on antioxidative and antitumor capacity in yam peel. 27122252 5 65 theme yam 738:740 arg1 flesh 742:746 yam flesh 738:746 yam flesh (CYF-W) 738:754 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 5 65 theme yam 738:740 arg1 CYF-W 749:753 CYF-W 749:753 CYF-W 749:753 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 2 66 theme study 159:163 arg1 aims 146:149 The aims 142:149 The aims of this study 142:163 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 7 67 theme total 1079:1083 arg1 flavonoids 1085:1094 total flavonoids 1079:1094 total flavonoids 1079:1094 Meanwhile, extracts of peel showed higher allantoin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics contents than extracts of flesh. 27122252 5 68 theme 6.78 697:700 arg1 ± 695:695 ± 695:695 ± 695:695 Its IC50 values for hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/mL) and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (374.85 ± 6.78 μg/mL) were both lower than that of yam flesh (CYF-W). 27122252 2 69 dep investigate 172:182 arg1 Dioscorea 286:294 Dioscorea 286:294 Dioscorea 286:294 The aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 0 70 theme Chinese 58:64 arg1 Yam 66:68 Chinese Yam 58:68 Chinese Yam 58:68 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 8 71 theme flesh 1239:1243 arg1 extracts 1245:1252 flesh extracts 1239:1252 flesh extracts 1239:1252 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CYP-W exerted better antitumor activity than flesh extracts and the scavenging ROS effects were also significantly higher in the CYP-W in vitro. 27122252 0 72 dep Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 Thunb 90:94 Dioscorea opposite Thunb 71:94 Dioscorea opposite Thunb. 71:95 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 0 72 dep Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 Activities 26:35 Activities 26:35 Activities 26:35 Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Extracts from Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) 27122252 1 73 theme Effective 121:129 arg1 Compounds 131:139 the Effective Compounds 117:139 the Effective Compounds 117:139 Flesh and Peel and the Effective Compounds. 27122252 6 74 theme antitumor 774:782 arg1 property 784:791 the antitumor property 770:791 the antitumor property of yam peel 770:803 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 6 74 theme antitumor 774:782 arg1 effective 814:822 effective 814:822 effective 814:822 Furthermore, the antitumor property of yam peel was more effective than that of yam flesh (CYF-W) on mouse models, with tumor inhibition rates were 47.92% and 27.41% for Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAC) model and 40.44% and 24.22% for H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor (H22) model. 27122252 4 75 theme oxygen 438:443 arg1 scavenging 451:460 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging 429:460 reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay 429:466 It was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ROS) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of Chinese yam peel (CYP-W). 28624080 5 0 theme films 863:867 arg1 activity 837:844 the antioxidant activity 821:844 the antioxidant activity of the composite films 821:867 Finally, the antioxidant activity of the composite films was determined using the DPPH· assay. 28624080 4 1 dep increased 761:769 arg1 measured 728:735 measured 728:735 measured by water contact angle 728:758 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 1 2 dep structure 232:240 arg1 the 228:230 the 228:230 the 228:230 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 3 theme homogenization 158:171 arg1 treatments 173:182 two homogenization treatments 154:182 two homogenization treatments 154:182 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 3 theme homogenization 158:171 arg1 Shear 190:194 High Shear 185:194 High Shear (HS) 185:199 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 3 theme homogenization 158:171 arg1 Pressure 210:217 High Pressure 205:217 High Pressure (HP) 205:222 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 0 4 theme composite 100:108 arg1 films 110:114 chitosan-lignin composite films 84:114 chitosan-lignin composite films 84:114 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 0 5 from Impact 0:5 arg1 properties 70:79 antioxidant properties 58:79 antioxidant properties 58:79 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 0 5 from Impact 0:5 arg1 structure 44:52 structure 44:52 structure 44:52 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 4 6 theme homogenization 785:798 arg1 treatments 800:809 the two homogenization treatments 777:809 the two homogenization treatments 777:809 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 0 7 theme chitosan-lignin 84:98 arg1 films 110:114 chitosan-lignin composite films 84:114 chitosan-lignin composite films 84:114 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 6 8 dep neither 984:990 arg1 HS 998:999 HS 998:999 HS 998:999 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 1 9 from impact 144:149 arg1 structure 232:240 structure 232:240 structure 232:240 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 9 from impact 144:149 arg1 activity 258:265 antioxidant activity 246:265 antioxidant activity 246:265 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 6 10 theme scavenging 948:957 arg1 activity 959:966 the radical scavenging activity 936:966 the radical scavenging activity 936:966 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 4 11 theme surface 678:684 arg1 hydrophobicity 686:699 The surface hydrophobicity 674:699 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films 674:722 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 7 12 theme residues 1051:1058 arg1 migration 1031:1039 a migration 1029:1039 a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium 1029:1097 However, a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium was noticed, particularly for HP process. 28624080 4 13 theme water 740:744 arg1 angle 754:758 water contact angle 740:758 water contact angle 740:758 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 1 14 theme treatments 173:182 arg1 impact 144:149 the impact 140:149 the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films 140:304 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 0 15 theme films 110:114 arg1 properties 70:79 antioxidant properties 58:79 antioxidant properties 58:79 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 0 15 theme films 110:114 arg1 structure 44:52 structure 44:52 structure 44:52 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 7 16 theme HP 1129:1130 arg1 process 1132:1138 HP process 1129:1138 HP process 1129:1138 However, a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium was noticed, particularly for HP process. 28624080 5 17 theme antioxidant 825:835 arg1 activity 837:844 the antioxidant activity 821:844 the antioxidant activity of the composite films 821:867 Finally, the antioxidant activity of the composite films was determined using the DPPH· assay. 28624080 4 18 theme composite 708:716 arg1 films 718:722 the composite films 704:722 the composite films 704:722 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 1 19 theme High 185:188 arg1 HS 197:198 HS 197:198 HS 197:198 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 19 theme High 185:188 arg1 treatments 173:182 two homogenization treatments 154:182 two homogenization treatments 154:182 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 19 theme High 185:188 arg1 Shear 190:194 High Shear 185:194 High Shear (HS) 185:199 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 6 20 dep noticeable 972:981 arg1 processing 1008:1017 HP processing 1005:1017 HP processing 1005:1017 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 6 20 dep noticeable 972:981 arg1 neither 984:990 neither 984:990 neither 984:990 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 6 21 theme radical 940:946 arg1 activity 959:966 the radical scavenging activity 936:966 the radical scavenging activity 936:966 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 7 22 theme lignin 1044:1049 arg1 residues 1051:1058 lignin residues 1044:1058 lignin residues 1044:1058 However, a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium was noticed, particularly for HP process. 28624080 3 23 theme chitosan 543:550 arg1 matrix 557:562 the chitosan film matrix 539:562 the chitosan film matrix 539:562 Moreover, these particles were more homogeneously distributed in the chitosan film matrix after HP process, while some aggregates remained after HS treatment, as highlighted by two-photon microscopy. 28624080 2 24 theme lignin 361:366 arg1 particles 368:376 smaller lignin particles 353:376 smaller lignin particles 353:376 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 0 25 theme homogenization 14:27 arg1 process 29:35 the homogenization process 10:35 the homogenization process 10:35 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 6 26 theme HP 1005:1006 arg1 processing 1008:1017 HP processing 1005:1017 HP processing 1005:1017 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 1 27 theme antioxidant 246:256 arg1 activity 258:265 antioxidant activity 246:265 antioxidant activity 246:265 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 6 28 from difference 922:931 arg1 activity 959:966 the radical scavenging activity 936:966 the radical scavenging activity 936:966 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 4 29 theme films 718:722 arg1 hydrophobicity 686:699 The surface hydrophobicity 674:699 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films 674:722 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 3 30 theme HS 619:620 arg1 treatment 622:630 HS treatment 619:630 HS treatment 619:630 Moreover, these particles were more homogeneously distributed in the chitosan film matrix after HP process, while some aggregates remained after HS treatment, as highlighted by two-photon microscopy. 28624080 0 31 dep structure 44:52 arg1 the 40:42 the 40:42 the 40:42 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 2 32 theme HP 398:399 arg1 processing 401:410 HP processing 398:410 HP processing 398:410 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 0 33 theme process 29:35 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 0:115 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 6 34 theme significant 910:920 arg1 difference 922:931 No significant difference 907:931 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity 907:966 No significant difference in the radical scavenging activity was noticeable, neither after HS nor HP processing. 28624080 3 35 theme HP 570:571 arg1 process 573:579 HP process 570:579 HP process 570:579 Moreover, these particles were more homogeneously distributed in the chitosan film matrix after HP process, while some aggregates remained after HS treatment, as highlighted by two-photon microscopy. 28624080 2 36 theme HS 439:440 arg1 treatment 442:450 HS treatment 439:450 HS treatment 439:450 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 1 37 theme chitosan-lignin 270:284 arg1 films 300:304 chitosan-lignin bio-composite films 270:304 chitosan-lignin bio-composite films 270:304 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 3 38 theme film 552:555 arg1 matrix 557:562 the chitosan film matrix 539:562 the chitosan film matrix 539:562 Moreover, these particles were more homogeneously distributed in the chitosan film matrix after HP process, while some aggregates remained after HS treatment, as highlighted by two-photon microscopy. 28624080 2 39 theme scattering 319:328 arg1 analysis 330:337 Laser light scattering analysis 307:337 Laser light scattering analysis 307:337 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 3 40 theme two-photon 651:660 arg1 microscopy 662:671 two-photon microscopy 651:671 two-photon microscopy 651:671 Moreover, these particles were more homogeneously distributed in the chitosan film matrix after HP process, while some aggregates remained after HS treatment, as highlighted by two-photon microscopy. 28624080 1 41 theme bio-composite 286:298 arg1 films 300:304 chitosan-lignin bio-composite films 270:304 chitosan-lignin bio-composite films 270:304 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 2 42 theme light 313:317 arg1 scattering 319:328 Laser light scattering 307:328 Laser light scattering analysis 307:337 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 1 43 theme films 300:304 arg1 structure 232:240 structure 232:240 structure 232:240 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 43 theme films 300:304 arg1 activity 258:265 antioxidant activity 246:265 antioxidant activity 246:265 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 2 44 theme Laser 307:311 arg1 scattering 319:328 Laser light scattering 307:328 Laser light scattering analysis 307:337 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 1 45 theme High 205:208 arg1 treatments 173:182 two homogenization treatments 154:182 two homogenization treatments 154:182 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 45 theme High 205:208 arg1 HP 220:221 HP 220:221 HP 220:221 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 1 45 theme High 205:208 arg1 Pressure 210:217 High Pressure 205:217 High Pressure (HP) 205:222 This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. 28624080 4 46 theme contact 746:752 arg1 angle 754:758 water contact angle 740:758 water contact angle 740:758 The surface hydrophobicity of the composite films, as measured by water contact angle, increased after the two homogenization treatments. 28624080 5 47 theme DPPH· 894:898 arg1 assay 900:904 the DPPH· assay 890:904 the DPPH· assay 890:904 Finally, the antioxidant activity of the composite films was determined using the DPPH· assay. 28624080 0 48 theme antioxidant 58:68 arg1 properties 70:79 antioxidant properties 58:79 antioxidant properties 58:79 Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films. 28624080 2 49 theme smaller 353:359 arg1 particles 368:376 smaller lignin particles 353:376 smaller lignin particles 353:376 Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6μm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 and 5μm. 28624080 7 50 theme extraction 1081:1090 arg1 medium 1092:1097 the extraction medium 1077:1097 the extraction medium 1077:1097 However, a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium was noticed, particularly for HP process. 28624080 5 51 theme composite 853:861 arg1 films 863:867 the composite films 849:867 the composite films 849:867 Finally, the antioxidant activity of the composite films was determined using the DPPH· assay. 28624080 7 52 from film 1069:1072 arg1 migration 1031:1039 a migration 1029:1039 a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium 1029:1097 However, a migration of lignin residues from the film to the extraction medium was noticed, particularly for HP process. 28927589 7 0 theme fragility 1113:1121 arg1 m 1130:1130 m 1130:1130 m 1130:1130 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 7 0 theme fragility 1113:1121 arg1 index 1123:1127 The fragility index 1109:1127 The fragility index 1109:1127 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 7 1 theme mobility 1209:1216 arg1 chains 1218:1223 mobility chains 1209:1223 mobility chains 1209:1223 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 2 2 theme X-ray 481:485 arg1 XRD 500:502 XRD 500:502 XRD 500:502 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 2 theme X-ray 481:485 arg1 diffraction 487:497 X-ray diffraction 481:497 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 481:503 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 7 3 from reduction 1196:1204 arg1 chains 1218:1223 mobility chains 1209:1223 mobility chains 1209:1223 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 1 4 theme host 178:181 arg1 polymer 183:189 the host polymer 174:189 the host polymer 174:189 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 4 theme host 178:181 arg1 glycerol 156:163 glycerol 156:163 glycerol (KCg) 156:169 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 4 theme host 178:181 arg1 carrageenan 140:150 biodegradable carrageenan 126:150 biodegradable carrageenan 126:150 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 5 5 from transition 948:957 arg1 effect 902:907 The MMT effect 894:907 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition 894:957 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 2 6 theme electron 519:526 arg1 TEM 540:542 TEM 540:542 TEM 540:542 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 6 theme electron 519:526 arg1 microscope 528:537 Transmission electron microscope 506:537 Transmission electron microscope (TEM) 506:543 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 7 theme relaxation 569:578 arg1 spectroscopy 580:591 Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 558:591 Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) 558:597 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 7 theme relaxation 569:578 arg1 DRS 594:596 DRS 594:596 DRS 594:596 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 8 8 theme chains 1364:1369 arg1 dynamics 1348:1355 the relaxation dynamics 1333:1355 the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg 1333:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 8 9 theme apparent 1290:1297 arg1 energy 1310:1315 the apparent activation energy 1286:1315 the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg 1286:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 5 10 theme glass 942:946 arg1 transition 948:957 the glass transition 938:957 the glass transition 938:957 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 2 11 theme Transmission 506:517 arg1 TEM 540:542 TEM 540:542 TEM 540:542 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 11 theme Transmission 506:517 arg1 microscope 528:537 Transmission electron microscope 506:537 Transmission electron microscope (TEM) 506:543 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 12 theme Dielectric 558:567 arg1 spectroscopy 580:591 Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 558:591 Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) 558:597 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 12 theme Dielectric 558:567 arg1 DRS 594:596 DRS 594:596 DRS 594:596 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 4 13 theme KCg 829:831 arg1 matrix 833:838 KCg matrix 829:838 KCg matrix 829:838 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix were observed using transmission electron microscopy. 28927589 7 14 theme network 1264:1270 arg1 confinement 1241:1251 the MMT confinement 1233:1251 the MMT confinement of the KCg network 1233:1270 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 9 15 theme edible 1495:1500 arg1 films 1512:1516 biodegradable and edible packaging films 1477:1516 biodegradable and edible packaging films 1477:1516 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 9 16 used used 1461:1464 arg2 films 1422:1426 The modified films 1409:1426 The modified films developed in this paper 1409:1450 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 5 17 from effect 902:907 arg1 mobility 926:933 the molecular mobility 912:933 the molecular mobility 912:933 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 2 18 dep Fourier 433:439 arg1 transform 441:449 transform 441:449 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) 441:597 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 19 theme infrared 451:458 arg1 FTIR 474:477 FTIR 474:477 FTIR 474:477 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 19 theme infrared 451:458 arg1 spectroscopy 460:471 infrared spectroscopy 451:471 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 451:478 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 6 20 theme wider 1065:1069 arg1 distribution 1071:1082 a wider distribution 1063:1082 a wider distribution 1063:1082 The MMT addition resulted in a slower relaxation and a wider distribution of the relaxation times. 28927589 9 21 with films 1522:1526 arg1 response 1601:1608 improved mechanical and good dielectric response 1561:1608 response 1601:1608 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 9 21 with films 1522:1526 arg1 mechanical 1570:1579 mechanical 1570:1579 mechanical 1570:1579 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 3 22 theme XRD 701:703 arg1 data 705:708 the XRD data 697:708 the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers 697:781 FTIR indicates hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers. 28927589 9 23 theme packaging 1502:1510 arg1 films 1512:1516 biodegradable and edible packaging films 1477:1516 biodegradable and edible packaging films 1477:1516 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 9 24 with films 1512:1516 arg1 response 1601:1608 improved mechanical and good dielectric response 1561:1608 response 1601:1608 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 9 24 with films 1512:1516 arg1 mechanical 1570:1579 mechanical 1570:1579 mechanical 1570:1579 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 8 25 from dynamics 1348:1355 arg1 Tg 1374:1375 Tg 1374:1375 Tg 1374:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 2 26 theme different 389:397 arg1 components 399:408 the different components 385:408 the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) 385:597 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 0 27 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 dynamics 10:17 Molecular dynamics 0:17 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites 0:43 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites reinforced with Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay. 28927589 2 28 used used 336:339 arg2 techniques 315:324 Different techniques 305:324 Different techniques 305:324 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 2 29 theme Different 305:313 arg1 techniques 315:324 Different techniques 305:324 Different techniques 305:324 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 1 30 theme different 197:205 arg1 contents 207:214 different contents 197:214 different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler 197:257 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 0 31 theme carrageenan 22:32 arg1 composites 34:43 carrageenan composites 22:43 carrageenan composites 22:43 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites reinforced with Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay. 28927589 3 32 theme carrageenan 734:744 arg1 intercalation 746:758 carrageenan intercalation 734:758 carrageenan intercalation 734:758 FTIR indicates hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers. 28927589 1 33 theme biodegradable 126:138 arg1 polymer 183:189 the host polymer 174:189 the host polymer 174:189 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 33 theme biodegradable 126:138 arg1 glycerol 156:163 glycerol 156:163 glycerol (KCg) 156:169 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 33 theme biodegradable 126:138 arg1 carrageenan 140:150 biodegradable carrageenan 126:150 biodegradable carrageenan 126:150 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 7 34 theme KCg 1260:1262 arg1 network 1264:1270 the KCg network 1256:1270 the KCg network 1256:1270 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 7 35 theme MMT 1148:1150 arg1 incorporation 1152:1164 MMT incorporation 1148:1164 MMT incorporation 1148:1164 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 1 36 theme solution 279:286 arg1 process 296:302 a solution casting process 277:302 a solution casting process 277:302 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 8 37 theme MMT 1396:1398 arg1 content 1400:1406 the MMT content 1392:1406 the MMT content 1392:1406 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 5 38 theme MMT 898:900 arg1 effect 902:907 The MMT effect 894:907 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition 894:957 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 8 39 from Tg 1374:1375 arg1 dynamics 1348:1355 the relaxation dynamics 1333:1355 the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg 1333:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 8 39 from Tg 1374:1375 arg1 chains 1364:1369 the chains 1360:1369 the chains at Tg 1360:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 6 40 theme slower 1041:1046 arg1 relaxation 1048:1057 a slower relaxation 1039:1057 a slower relaxation 1039:1057 The MMT addition resulted in a slower relaxation and a wider distribution of the relaxation times. 28927589 1 41 theme casting 288:294 arg1 process 296:302 a solution casting process 277:302 a solution casting process 277:302 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 42 theme natural 219:225 arg1 MMT 244:246 MMT 244:246 MMT 244:246 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 42 theme natural 219:225 arg1 montmorillonite 227:241 natural montmorillonite 219:241 natural montmorillonite (MMT) 219:247 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 9 43 theme biomedical 1532:1541 arg1 applications 1543:1554 biomedical applications 1532:1554 biomedical applications 1532:1554 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 2 44 theme samples 417:423 arg1 components 399:408 the different components 385:408 the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) 385:597 Different techniques have been used to determine the interaction/behavior among the different components of the samples such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, mainly, Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). 28927589 0 45 theme composites 34:43 arg1 dynamics 10:17 Molecular dynamics 0:17 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites 0:43 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites reinforced with Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay. 28927589 1 46 with Nanocomposites 100:113 arg1 contents 207:214 different contents 197:214 different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler 197:257 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 1 47 theme montmorillonite 227:241 arg1 contents 207:214 different contents 197:214 different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler 197:257 Nanocomposites comprising biodegradable carrageenan and glycerol (KCg) as the host polymer, with different contents of natural montmorillonite (MMT) as filler, were prepared by a solution casting process. 28927589 0 48 theme Cloisite 61:68 arg1 nanoclay 90:97 Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay 61:97 Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay 61:97 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites reinforced with Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay. 28927589 3 49 theme MMT 772:774 arg1 layers 776:781 the MMT layers 768:781 the MMT layers 768:781 FTIR indicates hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers. 28927589 3 50 theme hydrogen 615:622 arg1 interaction 624:634 hydrogen interaction 615:634 hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers 615:781 FTIR indicates hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers. 28927589 4 51 theme MMT 820:822 arg1 distribution 804:815 A rather homogenous distribution 784:815 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix 784:838 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix were observed using transmission electron microscopy. 28927589 7 52 theme MMT 1237:1239 arg1 confinement 1241:1251 the MMT confinement 1233:1251 the MMT confinement of the KCg network 1233:1270 The fragility index, m, increased upon MMT incorporation, which may be attributed to a reduction in mobility chains, due to the MMT confinement of the KCg network. 28927589 3 53 theme intercalation 746:758 arg1 kind 726:729 some kind 721:729 some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers 721:781 FTIR indicates hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers. 28927589 9 54 theme biodegradable 1477:1489 arg1 films 1512:1516 biodegradable and edible packaging films 1477:1516 biodegradable and edible packaging films 1477:1516 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 9 55 theme modified 1413:1420 arg1 films 1422:1426 The modified films 1409:1426 The modified films developed in this paper 1409:1450 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 4 56 theme electron 873:880 arg1 microscopy 882:891 transmission electron microscopy 860:891 transmission electron microscopy 860:891 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix were observed using transmission electron microscopy. 28927589 5 57 theme dielectric 974:983 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 974:1007 dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 974:1007 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 4 58 theme homogenous 793:802 arg1 distribution 804:815 A rather homogenous distribution 784:815 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix 784:838 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix were observed using transmission electron microscopy. 28927589 8 59 theme relaxation 1337:1346 arg1 dynamics 1348:1355 the relaxation dynamics 1333:1355 the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg 1333:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 8 60 theme activation 1299:1308 arg1 energy 1310:1315 the apparent activation energy 1286:1315 the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg 1286:1375 In addition, the apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg increased with the MMT content. 28927589 3 61 theme carrageenan 644:654 arg1 matrix 656:661 carrageenan matrix 644:661 carrageenan matrix 644:661 FTIR indicates hydrogen interaction between carrageenan matrix and silicate that is confirmed by the XRD data indicating some kind of carrageenan intercalation between the MMT layers. 28927589 5 62 theme relaxation 985:994 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 974:1007 dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 974:1007 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 5 63 theme molecular 916:924 arg1 mobility 926:933 the molecular mobility 912:933 the molecular mobility 912:933 The MMT effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. 28927589 4 64 theme transmission 860:871 arg1 microscopy 882:891 transmission electron microscopy 860:891 transmission electron microscopy 860:891 A rather homogenous distribution of MMT into KCg matrix were observed using transmission electron microscopy. 28927589 0 65 theme montmorillonite 74:88 arg1 nanoclay 90:97 Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay 61:97 Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay 61:97 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites reinforced with Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay. 28927589 9 66 theme good 1585:1588 arg1 response 1601:1608 improved mechanical and good dielectric response 1561:1608 response 1601:1608 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 6 67 theme times 1102:1106 arg1 relaxation 1048:1057 a slower relaxation 1039:1057 a slower relaxation 1039:1057 The MMT addition resulted in a slower relaxation and a wider distribution of the relaxation times. 28927589 6 67 theme times 1102:1106 arg1 distribution 1071:1082 a wider distribution 1063:1082 a wider distribution 1063:1082 The MMT addition resulted in a slower relaxation and a wider distribution of the relaxation times. 28927589 6 68 theme MMT 1014:1016 arg1 addition 1018:1025 The MMT addition 1010:1025 The MMT addition 1010:1025 The MMT addition resulted in a slower relaxation and a wider distribution of the relaxation times. 28927589 0 69 theme Na+ 70:72 arg1 nanoclay 90:97 Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay 61:97 Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay 61:97 Molecular dynamics of carrageenan composites reinforced with Cloisite Na+ montmorillonite nanoclay. 28927589 9 70 theme dielectric 1590:1599 arg1 response 1601:1608 improved mechanical and good dielectric response 1561:1608 response 1601:1608 The modified films developed in this paper could be used to prepare biodegradable and edible packaging films and films for biomedical applications with improved mechanical and good dielectric response. 28927589 6 71 theme relaxation 1091:1100 arg1 times 1102:1106 the relaxation times 1087:1106 the relaxation times 1087:1106 The MMT addition resulted in a slower relaxation and a wider distribution of the relaxation times. 25659717 0 0 theme vinyl 63:67 arg1 poly 58:61 poly 58:61 poly(vinyl alcohol) 58:76 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 0 0 theme vinyl 63:67 arg1 alcohol 69:75 vinyl alcohol 63:75 vinyl alcohol 63:75 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 2 1 theme starch-sodium 499:511 arg1 complexes 523:531 starch-sodium palmitate complexes 499:531 starch-sodium palmitate complexes 499:531 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 1 2 from use 163:165 arg1 composites 188:197 polymer composites 180:197 polymer composites for film production 180:217 The use of starch in polymer composites for film production has been studied for increasing biodegradability, improving film properties and reducing cost. 25659717 6 3 theme amylose-palmitic 1097:1112 arg1 complexes 1119:1127 amylose-palmitic acid complexes 1097:1127 amylose-palmitic acid complexes 1097:1127 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 2 4 theme submicron 329:337 arg1 particles 339:347 submicron particles 329:347 submicron particles 329:347 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 6 5 theme tensile 1024:1030 arg1 properties 1032:1041 tensile properties 1024:1041 tensile properties 1024:1041 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 5 6 theme palmitate 983:991 arg1 complexes 993:1001 acidified sodium palmitate complexes 966:1001 acidified sodium palmitate complexes 966:1001 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 3 7 theme vinyl 566:570 arg1 poly 561:564 poly 561:564 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles 561:618 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 3 7 theme vinyl 566:570 arg1 alcohol 572:578 vinyl alcohol 566:578 vinyl alcohol 566:578 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 0 8 theme submicron 82:90 arg1 particles 92:100 submicron particles 82:100 submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 82:156 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 3 9 dep % 601:601 arg1 50 599:600 50 599:600 50 599:600 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 2 10 dep prepared 354:361 arg1 acidifying 475:484 acidifying 475:484 acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes 475:531 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 2 10 dep prepared 354:361 arg1 cooling 419:425 cooling 419:425 cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 419:466 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 5 11 theme cooled 887:892 arg1 particles 915:923 rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles 879:923 rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles 879:923 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 4 12 theme Young 652:656 arg1 modulus 660:666 Young's modulus 652:666 Young's modulus 652:666 Tensile strength decreased and Young's modulus increased with starch concentration, but percent elongations remained similar to controls regardless of preparation method or starch content. 25659717 5 13 theme smooth 929:934 arg1 staining 952:959 smooth, diffuse starch staining 929:959 smooth, diffuse starch staining 929:959 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 6 14 from effects 1013:1019 arg1 properties 1032:1041 tensile properties 1024:1041 tensile properties 1024:1041 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 4 15 theme preparation 772:782 arg1 method 784:789 preparation method 772:789 preparation method 772:789 Tensile strength decreased and Young's modulus increased with starch concentration, but percent elongations remained similar to controls regardless of preparation method or starch content. 25659717 6 16 theme useful 1139:1144 arg1 approach 1167:1174 a useful, commercially viable approach 1137:1174 a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification 1137:1201 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 2 17 theme palmitate 383:391 arg1 complexes 393:401 amylose-sodium palmitate complexes 368:401 amylose-sodium palmitate complexes 368:401 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 2 18 theme complexes 523:531 arg1 solutions 486:494 solutions 486:494 solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes 486:531 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 2 19 theme amylose-sodium 368:381 arg1 complexes 393:401 amylose-sodium palmitate complexes 368:401 amylose-sodium palmitate complexes 368:401 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 2 20 theme acid 454:457 arg1 mixtures 459:466 jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 427:466 jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 427:466 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 6 21 theme mild 1008:1011 arg1 effects 1013:1019 The mild effects 1004:1019 The mild effects on tensile properties 1004:1041 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 5 22 theme acidified 966:974 arg1 complexes 993:1001 acidified sodium palmitate complexes 966:1001 acidified sodium palmitate complexes 966:1001 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 1 23 theme starch 170:175 arg1 use 163:165 The use 159:165 The use of starch in polymer composites for film production 159:217 The use of starch in polymer composites for film production has been studied for increasing biodegradability, improving film properties and reducing cost. 25659717 2 24 theme starch-palmitic 438:452 arg1 mixtures 459:466 jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 427:466 jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 427:466 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 5 25 theme sodium 976:981 arg1 complexes 993:1001 acidified sodium palmitate complexes 966:1001 acidified sodium palmitate complexes 966:1001 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 3 26 dep 50 599:600 arg1 to 596:597 to 596:597 to 596:597 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 2 27 theme jet-cooked 427:436 arg1 mixtures 459:466 jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 427:466 jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures 427:466 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 1 28 theme film 279:282 arg1 properties 284:293 film properties 279:293 film properties 279:293 The use of starch in polymer composites for film production has been studied for increasing biodegradability, improving film properties and reducing cost. 25659717 0 29 theme particles 92:100 arg1 mixtures 46:53 mixtures 46:53 mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 46:156 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 4 30 theme starch 683:688 arg1 concentration 690:702 starch concentration 683:702 starch concentration 683:702 Tensile strength decreased and Young's modulus increased with starch concentration, but percent elongations remained similar to controls regardless of preparation method or starch content. 25659717 1 31 theme polymer 180:186 arg1 composites 188:197 polymer composites 180:197 polymer composites for film production 180:217 The use of starch in polymer composites for film production has been studied for increasing biodegradability, improving film properties and reducing cost. 25659717 0 32 theme amylose-palmitic 116:131 arg1 complexes 148:156 amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 116:156 amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 116:156 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 5 33 theme starch-palmitic 894:908 arg1 particles 915:923 rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles 879:923 rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles 879:923 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 0 34 theme films 30:34 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 0 34 theme films 30:34 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 3 35 with poly 561:564 arg1 particles 610:618 up to 50% starch particles 593:618 up to 50% starch particles 593:618 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 5 36 theme particulate 828:838 arg1 distribution 847:858 particulate starch distribution 828:858 particulate starch distribution 828:858 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 3 37 dep particles 610:618 arg1 % 601:601 % 601:601 % 601:601 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 0 38 theme inclusion 138:146 arg1 complexes 148:156 amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 116:156 amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 116:156 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 5 39 dep smooth 929:934 arg1 diffuse 937:943 diffuse 937:943 diffuse 937:943 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 6 40 theme film 1185:1188 arg1 modification 1190:1201 PVOH film modification 1180:1201 PVOH film modification 1180:1201 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 0 41 theme acid 133:136 arg1 complexes 148:156 amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 116:156 amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 116:156 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 6 42 theme PVOH 1180:1183 arg1 modification 1190:1201 PVOH film modification 1180:1201 PVOH film modification 1180:1201 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 4 43 theme starch 794:799 arg1 content 801:807 starch content 794:807 starch content 794:807 Tensile strength decreased and Young's modulus increased with starch concentration, but percent elongations remained similar to controls regardless of preparation method or starch content. 25659717 3 44 theme starch 603:608 arg1 particles 610:618 up to 50% starch particles 593:618 up to 50% starch particles 593:618 Films were cast containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) with up to 50% starch particles. 25659717 6 45 dep useful 1139:1144 arg1 viable 1160:1165 viable 1160:1165 viable 1160:1165 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 5 46 theme starch 945:950 arg1 staining 952:959 smooth, diffuse starch staining 929:959 smooth, diffuse starch staining 929:959 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 1 47 theme film 203:206 arg1 production 208:217 film production 203:217 film production 203:217 The use of starch in polymer composites for film production has been studied for increasing biodegradability, improving film properties and reducing cost. 25659717 6 48 theme acid 1114:1117 arg1 complexes 1119:1127 amylose-palmitic acid complexes 1097:1127 amylose-palmitic acid complexes 1097:1127 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 4 49 theme percent 709:715 arg1 elongations 717:727 percent elongations 709:727 percent elongations 709:727 Tensile strength decreased and Young's modulus increased with starch concentration, but percent elongations remained similar to controls regardless of preparation method or starch content. 25659717 6 50 theme submicron 1056:1064 arg1 particles 1073:1081 submicron starch particles 1056:1081 submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes 1056:1127 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 25659717 0 51 theme poly 58:61 arg1 mixtures 46:53 mixtures 46:53 mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes 46:156 Preparation and properties of films cast from mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) and submicron particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid inclusion complexes. 25659717 4 52 theme Tensile 621:627 arg1 strength 629:636 Tensile strength 621:636 Tensile strength 621:636 Tensile strength decreased and Young's modulus increased with starch concentration, but percent elongations remained similar to controls regardless of preparation method or starch content. 25659717 5 53 theme acid 910:913 arg1 particles 915:923 rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles 879:923 rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles 879:923 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 2 54 theme palmitate 513:521 arg1 complexes 523:531 starch-sodium palmitate complexes 499:531 starch-sodium palmitate complexes 499:531 In this study, submicron particles were prepared from amylose-sodium palmitate complexes both by rapidly cooling jet-cooked starch-palmitic acid mixtures and by acidifying solutions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 5 55 theme starch 840:845 arg1 distribution 847:858 particulate starch distribution 828:858 particulate starch distribution 828:858 Microscopy showed particulate starch distribution in films made with rapidly cooled starch-palmitic acid particles but smooth, diffuse starch staining with acidified sodium palmitate complexes. 25659717 6 56 theme starch 1066:1071 arg1 particles 1073:1081 submicron starch particles 1056:1081 submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes 1056:1127 The mild effects on tensile properties suggest that submicron starch particles prepared from amylose-palmitic acid complexes provide a useful, commercially viable approach for PVOH film modification. 28782039 3 0 theme matrix 343:348 arg1 Pif80 358:362 the matrix protein Pif80 339:362 the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 339:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 6 1 theme polysaccharide 986:999 arg1 substrate 1001:1009 the polysaccharide substrate 982:1009 the polysaccharide substrate 982:1009 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 3 2 theme Pif80 527:531 arg1 form 519:522 the recombinant form 503:522 the recombinant form of Pif80 503:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 5 3 theme Pif80 807:811 arg1 coacervates 813:823 Pif80 coacervates 807:823 Pif80 coacervates 807:823 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 6 4 theme nacre 1080:1084 arg1 structure 1067:1075 polygonal tablet structure 1050:1075 polygonal tablet structure of nacre 1050:1084 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 3 5 theme protein 350:356 arg1 Pif80 358:362 the matrix protein Pif80 339:362 the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 339:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 1 6 theme composite 156:164 arg1 carbonate 146:154 a highly organized calcium carbonate composite 119:164 a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color 119:228 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 3 7 theme oyster 379:384 arg1 fucata 395:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 6 8 theme aragonite 969:977 arg1 growth 959:964 the growth 955:964 the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre 955:1084 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 4 9 theme liquid 629:634 arg1 carbonate 669:677 liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate 629:677 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 3 10 theme Pinctada 386:393 arg1 fucata 395:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 3 11 from fucata 395:400 arg1 Pif80 358:362 the matrix protein Pif80 339:362 the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 339:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 3 11 from fucata 395:400 arg1 involvement 324:334 the involvement 320:334 the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80 320:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 6 12 theme tablet 1060:1065 arg1 structure 1067:1075 polygonal tablet structure 1050:1075 polygonal tablet structure of nacre 1050:1084 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 4 13 theme polymer-induced 613:627 arg1 granules 679:686 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 5 14 theme crystalline 901:911 arg1 structure 913:921 a crystalline structure 899:921 a crystalline structure 899:921 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 1 15 theme Molluscan 61:69 arg1 nacre 71:75 Molluscan nacre 61:75 Molluscan nacre 61:75 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 1 15 theme Molluscan 61:69 arg1 biomineral 94:103 a fascinating biomineral 80:103 a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color 80:228 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 4 16 theme calcium 729:735 arg1 coacervates 749:759 calcium ion-induced coacervates 729:759 calcium ion-induced coacervates 729:759 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 3 17 theme pearl 373:377 arg1 fucata 395:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 0 18 from Pif80 38:42 arg1 oyster 53:58 pearl oyster 47:58 pearl oyster 47:58 Control of nacre biomineralization by Pif80 in pearl oyster. 28782039 5 19 theme mineral 852:858 arg1 precursors 860:869 the amorphous mineral precursors 838:869 the amorphous mineral precursors 838:869 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 4 20 theme precursor-like 636:649 arg1 carbonate 669:677 liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate 629:677 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 5 21 theme amorphous 842:850 arg1 precursors 860:869 the amorphous mineral precursors 838:869 the amorphous mineral precursors 838:869 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 7 22 theme living 1158:1163 arg1 organisms 1165:1173 living organisms 1158:1173 living organisms 1158:1173 Our findings provide insight into the use of organic macromolecules by living organisms in biomineralization. 28782039 5 23 theme coacervates 813:823 arg1 disruption 793:802 the disruption 789:802 the disruption of Pif80 coacervates 789:823 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 1 24 theme unique 180:185 arg1 toughness 196:204 unique fracture toughness 180:204 unique fracture toughness 180:204 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 6 25 theme polygonal 1050:1058 arg1 structure 1067:1075 polygonal tablet structure 1050:1075 polygonal tablet structure of nacre 1050:1084 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 3 26 theme nacre 451:455 arg1 biomineralization 457:473 nacre biomineralization 451:473 nacre biomineralization 451:473 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 0 27 theme biomineralization 17:33 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of nacre biomineralization by Pif80 in pearl oyster. 0:59 Control of nacre biomineralization by Pif80 in pearl oyster. 28782039 7 28 theme macromolecules 1140:1153 arg1 use 1125:1127 the use 1121:1127 the use of organic macromolecules 1121:1153 Our findings provide insight into the use of organic macromolecules by living organisms in biomineralization. 28782039 1 29 theme fascinating 82:92 arg1 nacre 71:75 Molluscan nacre 61:75 Molluscan nacre 61:75 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 1 29 theme fascinating 82:92 arg1 biomineral 94:103 a fascinating biomineral 80:103 a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color 80:228 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 0 30 theme nacre 11:15 arg1 biomineralization 17:33 nacre biomineralization 11:33 nacre biomineralization 11:33 Control of nacre biomineralization by Pif80 in pearl oyster. 28782039 5 31 theme calcification 769:781 arg1 site 783:786 the calcification site 765:786 the calcification site 765:786 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 4 32 theme granules 679:686 arg1 formation 600:608 the formation 596:608 the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 596:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 3 33 theme inorganic 428:436 arg1 phase 438:442 the inorganic phase 424:442 the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80 424:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 1 34 theme fracture 187:194 arg1 toughness 196:204 unique fracture toughness 180:204 unique fracture toughness 180:204 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 5 35 theme structure 913:921 arg1 growth 889:894 the growth 885:894 the growth of a crystalline structure 885:921 At the calcification site, the disruption of Pif80 coacervates destabilizes the amorphous mineral precursors, resulting in the growth of a crystalline structure. 28782039 3 36 theme phase 438:442 arg1 development 409:419 the development 405:419 the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80 405:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 4 37 theme calcium 560:566 arg1 ions 568:571 calcium ions 560:571 calcium ions 560:571 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 7 38 theme organic 1132:1138 arg1 macromolecules 1140:1153 organic macromolecules 1132:1153 organic macromolecules 1132:1153 Our findings provide insight into the use of organic macromolecules by living organisms in biomineralization. 28782039 6 39 theme redissolved 928:938 arg1 Pif80 940:944 The redissolved Pif80 924:944 The redissolved Pif80 924:944 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 1 40 theme iridescent 213:222 arg1 color 224:228 an iridescent color 210:228 an iridescent color 210:228 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 0 41 theme pearl 47:51 arg1 oyster 53:58 pearl oyster 47:58 pearl oyster 47:58 Control of nacre biomineralization by Pif80 in pearl oyster. 28782039 6 42 from growth 959:964 arg1 substrate 1001:1009 the polysaccharide substrate 982:1009 the polysaccharide substrate 982:1009 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 4 43 with interactions 542:553 arg1 ions 568:571 calcium ions 560:571 calcium ions 560:571 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 2 44 theme organic 285:291 arg1 macromolecules 293:306 organic macromolecules 285:306 organic macromolecules 285:306 Organisms elaborately control biomineralization using organic macromolecules. 28782039 4 45 theme ion-induced 737:747 arg1 coacervates 749:759 calcium ion-induced coacervates 729:759 calcium ion-induced coacervates 729:759 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 4 46 theme amorphous 651:659 arg1 carbonate 669:677 liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate 629:677 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 3 47 theme recombinant 507:517 arg1 form 519:522 the recombinant form 503:522 the recombinant form of Pif80 503:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 3 48 from involvement 324:334 arg1 fucata 395:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata 369:400 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 3 48 from involvement 324:334 arg1 development 409:419 the development 405:419 the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80 405:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 3 49 theme Pif80 358:362 arg1 involvement 324:334 the involvement 320:334 the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80 320:531 We propose the involvement of the matrix protein Pif80 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in the development of the inorganic phase during nacre biomineralization, based on experiments using the recombinant form of Pif80. 28782039 1 50 theme organized 128:136 arg1 carbonate 146:154 a highly organized calcium carbonate composite 119:164 a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color 119:228 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 4 51 theme carbonate 669:677 arg1 granules 679:686 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 28782039 6 52 theme structure 1067:1075 arg1 formation 1037:1045 the formation 1033:1045 the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre 1033:1084 The redissolved Pif80 controls the growth of aragonite on the polysaccharide substrate, which contributes to the formation of polygonal tablet structure of nacre. 28782039 1 53 theme calcium 138:144 arg1 carbonate 146:154 a highly organized calcium carbonate composite 119:164 a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color 119:228 Molluscan nacre is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite that provides unique fracture toughness and an iridescent color. 28782039 4 54 theme calcium 661:667 arg1 carbonate 669:677 liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate 629:677 polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules 613:686 Through interactions with calcium ions, Pif80 participates in the formation of polymer-induced liquid precursor-like amorphous calcium carbonate granules and stabilizes these granules by forming calcium ion-induced coacervates. 26793868 3 0 theme pharmaceutical 737:750 arg1 areas 752:756 medical and pharmaceutical areas 725:756 medical and pharmaceutical areas 725:756 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 3 1 from application 710:720 arg1 areas 752:756 medical and pharmaceutical areas 725:756 medical and pharmaceutical areas 725:756 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 2 2 from rate 465:468 arg1 mediums 481:487 aqueous mediums 473:487 aqueous mediums 473:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 1 3 theme suitable 244:251 arg1 systems 265:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 0 4 theme FUMARATE 95:102 arg1 DELIVERY 72:79 CONTROLLED DELIVERY 61:79 CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE 61:102 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN HYDROGELS AS CARRIERS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE. 26793868 3 5 theme medical 725:731 arg1 areas 752:756 medical and pharmaceutical areas 725:756 medical and pharmaceutical areas 725:756 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 2 6 theme METHODS 287:293 arg1 Xanthan 295:301 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan 274:301 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan 274:301 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 1 7 theme hydrophilic 253:263 arg1 systems 265:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 0 8 theme BISOPROLOL 84:93 arg1 FUMARATE 95:102 BISOPROLOL FUMARATE 84:102 BISOPROLOL FUMARATE 84:102 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN HYDROGELS AS CARRIERS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE. 26793868 4 9 theme polymer 788:794 arg1 networks 796:803 polymer networks 788:803 polymer networks 788:803 The amount of drug loaded in polymer networks was found to be ranging between 14.4% and 19.2%. 26793868 3 10 theme loading/delivery 560:575 arg1 behaviour 577:585 the loading/delivery behaviour 556:585 the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions 556:636 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 1 11 theme release 130:136 arg1 tablets 145:151 sustained release matrix tablets 120:151 sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 120:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 2 12 theme superabsorbent 421:434 arg1 hydrogels 436:444 superabsorbent hydrogels 421:444 superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums 421:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 2 13 theme MATERIAL 274:281 arg1 Xanthan 295:301 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan 274:301 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan 274:301 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 2 14 with hydrogels 436:444 arg1 rate 465:468 high swelling rate 451:468 high swelling rate in aqueous mediums 451:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 0 15 theme IN 0:1 arg1 TESTING 9:15 IN VITRO TESTING 0:15 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN 0:33 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN HYDROGELS AS CARRIERS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE. 26793868 2 16 theme crosslinking 391:402 arg1 agent 404:408 crosslinking agent 391:408 crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums 391:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 2 17 theme epoxy-modified 314:327 arg1 mixture 341:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 2 18 theme swelling 456:463 arg1 rate 465:468 high swelling rate 451:468 high swelling rate in aqueous mediums 451:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 2 19 theme lignin 307:312 arg1 mixture 341:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 1 20 theme water-soluble 180:192 arg1 systems 265:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 2 21 theme high 451:454 arg1 rate 465:468 high swelling rate 451:468 high swelling rate in aqueous mediums 451:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 3 22 theme fumarate 601:608 arg1 behaviour 577:585 the loading/delivery behaviour 556:585 the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions 556:636 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 5 23 theme matrix 953:958 arg1 composition 960:970 matrix composition 953:970 matrix composition 953:970 Drug release was retarded and the release mechanism of the active principle was found to depend on matrix composition. 26793868 1 24 theme cost-effective 195:208 arg1 systems 265:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 5 25 theme principle 920:928 arg1 mechanism 896:904 the release mechanism 884:904 the release mechanism of the active principle 884:928 Drug release was retarded and the release mechanism of the active principle was found to depend on matrix composition. 26793868 5 26 theme Drug 854:857 arg1 release 859:865 Drug release 854:865 Drug release 854:865 Drug release was retarded and the release mechanism of the active principle was found to depend on matrix composition. 26793868 0 27 theme XANTHAN/LIGNIN 20:33 arg1 TESTING 9:15 IN VITRO TESTING 0:15 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN 0:33 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN HYDROGELS AS CARRIERS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE. 26793868 1 28 theme non-toxic 211:219 arg1 systems 265:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 2 29 theme aqueous 473:479 arg1 mediums 481:487 aqueous mediums 473:487 aqueous mediums 473:487 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 5 30 theme release 888:894 arg1 mechanism 896:904 the release mechanism 884:904 the release mechanism of the active principle 884:928 Drug release was retarded and the release mechanism of the active principle was found to depend on matrix composition. 26793868 5 31 theme active 913:918 arg1 principle 920:928 the active principle 909:928 the active principle 909:928 Drug release was retarded and the release mechanism of the active principle was found to depend on matrix composition. 26793868 3 32 dep RESULTS 490:496 arg1 hydrogels 520:528 These hydrogels 514:528 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels 490:528 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 3 33 theme physiological 613:625 arg1 conditions 627:636 physiological conditions 613:636 physiological conditions 613:636 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 2 34 theme LER 336:338 arg1 mixture 341:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 3 35 from behaviour 577:585 arg1 conditions 627:636 physiological conditions 613:636 physiological conditions 613:636 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 3 36 theme bisoprolol 590:599 arg1 fumarate 601:608 bisoprolol fumarate 590:608 bisoprolol fumarate 590:608 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 4 37 theme drug 773:776 arg1 drug 773:776 drug 773:776 drug loaded in polymer networks 773:803 The amount of drug loaded in polymer networks was found to be ranging between 14.4% and 19.2%. 26793868 4 37 theme drug 773:776 arg1 amount 763:768 The amount 759:768 The amount of drug loaded in polymer networks 759:803 The amount of drug loaded in polymer networks was found to be ranging between 14.4% and 19.2%. 26793868 1 38 theme sustained 120:128 arg1 tablets 145:151 sustained release matrix tablets 120:151 sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 120:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 3 39 theme obtained 655:662 arg1 results 664:670 the obtained results 651:670 the obtained results 651:670 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS These hydrogels were tested as carries by the loading/delivery behaviour of bisoprolol fumarate in physiological conditions and based on the obtained results these hydrogels may show interest for application in medical and pharmaceutical areas. 26793868 2 40 theme resin 329:333 arg1 mixture 341:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture 307:347 MATERIAL AND METHODS Xanthan and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER) mixture were crosslinked using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent leading to superabsorbent hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums. 26793868 0 41 theme CONTROLLED 61:70 arg1 DELIVERY 72:79 CONTROLLED DELIVERY 61:79 CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE 61:102 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN HYDROGELS AS CARRIERS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE. 26793868 1 42 theme matrix 138:143 arg1 tablets 145:151 sustained release matrix tablets 120:151 sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 120:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 1 43 theme available 229:237 arg1 systems 265:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems 173:271 AIM To develop sustained release matrix tablets based on xanthan as highly water-soluble, cost-effective, non-toxic, easily available, and suitable hydrophilic systems. 26793868 0 44 dep IN 0:1 arg1 VITRO 3:7 VITRO 3:7 VITRO 3:7 IN VITRO TESTING OF XANTHAN/LIGNIN HYDROGELS AS CARRIERS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF BISOPROLOL FUMARATE. 24408531 9 0 theme unknown 1112:1118 arg1 glycolipids 1120:1130 unknown glycolipids 1112:1130 unknown glycolipids 1112:1130 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. 24408531 3 1 theme present 453:459 arg1 galactomannans 438:451 the galactomannans 434:451 the galactomannans present in guar gum 434:471 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 6 2 theme lipid 738:742 arg1 CMG1240 787:793 strain CMG1240 780:793 strain CMG1240(T) 780:796 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 6 2 theme lipid 738:742 arg1 profile 744:750 cellular lipid profile 729:750 cellular lipid profile 729:750 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 13 3 theme Paenibacillus 1501:1513 arg1 % 1537:1537 97.6 % 1532:1537 97.6 % 1532:1537 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 13 3 theme Paenibacillus 1501:1513 arg1 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 13 3 theme Paenibacillus 1501:1513 arg1 ZL 1525:1526 Paenibacillus fonticola ZL 1501:1526 Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) 1501:1538 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 15 4 theme Paenibacillus 1972:1984 arg1 sp 1993:1994 the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1963:1994 the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1963:1994 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 6 5 dep similarity 717:726 arg1 the 681:683 the 681:683 the 681:683 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 6 5 dep similarity 717:726 arg1 basis 685:689 basis 685:689 basis 685:689 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 1 6 attach isolated 58:65 arg2 bacterium 48:56 a β-mannanolytic bacterium 31:56 a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source 31:156 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 1 6 attach isolated 58:65 arg1 samples 83:89 mixed soil samples 72:89 mixed soil samples 72:89 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 11 7 theme major 1260:1264 arg1 anteiso-C15  1283:1294 anteiso-C15  1283:1294 anteiso-C15  1283:1294 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 11 7 theme major 1260:1264 arg1 acids 1272:1276 The major fatty acids 1256:1276 The major fatty acids 1256:1276 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 6 8 theme sequence 708:715 arg1 similarity 717:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 12 9 theme G+C 1320:1322 arg1 % 1342:1342 46 mol% 1336:1342 46 mol% 1336:1342 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 24408531 12 9 theme G+C 1320:1322 arg1 content 1324:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 24408531 5 10 theme physiological 634:646 arg1 characterization 660:675 phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 622:675 phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 622:675 It was further examined based on a combination of phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization. 24408531 13 11 theme gene 1427:1430 arg1 sequence 1432:1439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 1414:1439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) 1414:1460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 5 12 theme genetic 652:658 arg1 characterization 660:675 phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 622:675 phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 622:675 It was further examined based on a combination of phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization. 24408531 15 13 theme Paenibacillus 1938:1950 arg1 genus 1932:1936 the genus Paenibacillus 1928:1950 the genus Paenibacillus 1928:1950 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 14 14 theme genotypic 1705:1713 arg1 differentiation 1730:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1701:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola 1701:1783 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 14 15 theme CMG1240 1756:1762 arg1 differentiation 1730:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1701:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola 1701:1783 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 1 16 dep bacterium 48:56 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 5 17 theme phenotypic 622:631 arg1 characterization 660:675 phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 622:675 phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 622:675 It was further examined based on a combination of phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization. 24408531 7 18 theme only 902:905 arg1 menaquinone 907:917 the only menaquinone 898:917 the only menaquinone detected 898:926 Quinone analysis showed that MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected. 24408531 7 18 theme only 902:905 arg1 MK-7 889:892 MK-7 889:892 MK-7 889:892 Quinone analysis showed that MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected. 24408531 1 19 theme guar 123:126 arg1 source 151:156 the sole carbon source 135:156 the sole carbon source 135:156 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 1 19 theme guar 123:126 arg1 gum 128:130 guar gum 123:130 guar gum 123:130 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 13 20 theme CMG1240 1451:1457 arg1 sequence 1432:1439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 1414:1439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) 1414:1460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 14 21 theme phenotypic 1719:1728 arg1 differentiation 1730:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1701:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola 1701:1783 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 8 22 theme cell-wall 938:946 arg1 xylose 958:963 xylose 958:963 xylose 958:963 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 22 theme cell-wall 938:946 arg1 sugar 948:952 The main cell-wall sugar 929:952 The main cell-wall sugar 929:952 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 1 23 theme sole 139:142 arg1 source 151:156 the sole carbon source 135:156 the sole carbon source 135:156 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 1 23 theme sole 139:142 arg1 gum 128:130 guar gum 123:130 guar gum 123:130 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 13 24 theme lower 1592:1596 arg1 similarities 1607:1618 lower sequence similarities 1592:1618 lower sequence similarities 1592:1618 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 2 25 theme mixed 223:227 arg1 samples 234:240 mixed soil samples 223:240 mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source 223:364 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 11 26 theme fatty 1266:1270 arg1 anteiso-C15  1283:1294 anteiso-C15  1283:1294 anteiso-C15  1283:1294 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 11 26 theme fatty 1266:1270 arg1 acids 1272:1276 The major fatty acids 1256:1276 The major fatty acids 1256:1276 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 2 27 theme guar 331:334 arg1 gum 336:338 guar gum 331:338 guar gum 331:338 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 1 28 theme mixed 72:76 arg1 samples 83:89 mixed soil samples 72:89 mixed soil samples 72:89 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 13 29 theme tested 1556:1561 arg1 strains 1577:1583 all other tested Paenibacillus strains 1546:1583 all other tested Paenibacillus strains 1546:1583 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 10 30 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1222:1240 arg1 A1γ 1217:1219 A1γ 1217:1219 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct) 1217:1253 The peptidoglycan structure was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct). 24408531 10 30 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1222:1240 arg1 acid-direct 1242:1252 meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct 1222:1252 meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct 1222:1252 The peptidoglycan structure was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct). 24408531 13 31 theme rRNA 1422:1425 arg1 sequence 1432:1439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 1414:1439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) 1414:1460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 0 32 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus lentus sp 0:22 Paenibacillus lentus sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 33 theme  = DSM 1848:1853 arg1 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 33 theme  = DSM 1848:1853 arg1 CMG1240 1817:1823 strain CMG1240 1810:1823 strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) 1810:1863 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 33 theme  = DSM 1848:1853 arg1 25539 1855:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539 1829:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T) 1829:1862 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 9 34 theme major 1012:1016 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1036:1057 diphosphatidylglycerol 1036:1057 diphosphatidylglycerol 1036:1057 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. 24408531 9 34 theme major 1012:1016 arg1 lipids 1024:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. 24408531 2 35 theme sole 347:350 arg1 source 359:364 the sole carbon source 343:364 the sole carbon source 343:364 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 14 36 theme tests 1687:1691 arg1 results 1635:1641 The results 1631:1641 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests 1631:1691 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 8 37 theme mannose 987:993 arg1 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 37 theme mannose 987:993 arg1 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 37 theme mannose 987:993 arg1 amounts 976:982 trace amounts 970:982 trace amounts of mannose and glucose 970:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 15 38 theme T 1846:1846 arg1 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 38 theme T 1846:1846 arg1 CMG1240 1817:1823 strain CMG1240 1810:1823 strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) 1810:1863 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 38 theme T 1846:1846 arg1 25539 1855:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539 1829:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T) 1829:1862 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 3 39 theme microbial 372:380 arg1 isolate 382:388 This microbial isolate 367:388 This microbial isolate 367:388 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 15 40 theme name 1967:1970 arg1 sp 1993:1994 the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1963:1994 the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1963:1994 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 8 41 theme glucose 999:1005 arg1 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 41 theme glucose 999:1005 arg1 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 41 theme glucose 999:1005 arg1 amounts 976:982 trace amounts 970:982 trace amounts of mannose and glucose 970:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 15 42 theme BAA-2594 1837:1844 arg1 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 42 theme BAA-2594 1837:1844 arg1 CMG1240 1817:1823 strain CMG1240 1810:1823 strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) 1810:1863 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 42 theme BAA-2594 1837:1844 arg1 25539 1855:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539 1829:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T) 1829:1862 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 6 43 theme 16S 694:696 arg1 similarity 717:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 14 44 theme DNA-DNA 1646:1652 arg1 hybridization 1654:1666 DNA-DNA hybridization 1646:1666 DNA-DNA hybridization 1646:1666 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 12 45 theme genomic 1396:1402 arg1 sequence 1404:1411 the genomic sequence 1392:1411 the genomic sequence 1392:1411 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 24408531 15 46 theme species 1913:1919 arg1 strain 1895:1900 the type strain 1886:1900 the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1886:1994 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 3 47 attach present 453:459 arg1 gum 469:471 guar gum 464:471 guar gum 464:471 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 3 47 attach present 453:459 arg2 galactomannans 438:451 the galactomannans 434:451 the galactomannans present in guar gum 434:471 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 4 48 theme Strain 474:479 arg1 T 489:489 T 489:489 T 489:489 Strain CMG1240(T) was aerobic, Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, rod-shaped and endospore-forming. 24408531 4 48 theme Strain 474:479 arg1 CMG1240 481:487 Strain CMG1240 474:487 Strain CMG1240(T) 474:490 Strain CMG1240(T) was aerobic, Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, rod-shaped and endospore-forming. 24408531 6 49 theme acid 762:765 arg1 composition 767:777 fatty acid composition 756:777 fatty acid composition 756:777 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 2 50 theme novel 161:165 arg1 CMG1240 185:191 CMG1240 185:191 CMG1240(T) 185:194 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 50 theme novel 161:165 arg1 strain 177:182 A novel bacterial strain 159:182 A novel bacterial strain 159:182 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 51 theme selective 298:306 arg1 medium 319:324 a selective enrichment medium 296:324 a selective enrichment medium with guar gum 296:338 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 52 with medium 319:324 arg1 gum 336:338 guar gum 331:338 guar gum 331:338 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 1 53 theme β-mannanolytic 33:46 arg1 bacterium 48:56 a β-mannanolytic bacterium 31:56 a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source 31:156 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 11 54 dep anteiso-C15  1283:1294 arg1 C16  1303:1306 C16  1303:1306 C16  1303:1306 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 11 54 dep anteiso-C15  1283:1294 arg1  0 1296:1297  0 1296:1297  0 1296:1297 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 2 55 from States 268:273 arg1 medium 319:324 a selective enrichment medium 296:324 a selective enrichment medium with guar gum 296:338 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 3 56 from present 453:459 arg1 gum 469:471 guar gum 464:471 guar gum 464:471 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 2 57 theme soil 229:232 arg1 samples 234:240 mixed soil samples 223:240 mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source 223:364 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 11 58 dep  0 1296:1297 arg1  0 1308:1309  0 1308:1309  0 1308:1309 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 24408531 8 59 with xylose 958:963 arg1 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 59 with xylose 958:963 arg1 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 59 with xylose 958:963 arg1 amounts 976:982 trace amounts 970:982 trace amounts of mannose and glucose 970:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 6 60 theme cellular 729:736 arg1 CMG1240 787:793 strain CMG1240 780:793 strain CMG1240(T) 780:796 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 6 60 theme cellular 729:736 arg1 profile 744:750 cellular lipid profile 729:750 cellular lipid profile 729:750 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 13 61 theme fonticola 1515:1523 arg1 % 1537:1537 97.6 % 1532:1537 97.6 % 1532:1537 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 13 61 theme fonticola 1515:1523 arg1 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 13 61 theme fonticola 1515:1523 arg1 ZL 1525:1526 Paenibacillus fonticola ZL 1501:1526 Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) 1501:1538 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 14 62 from fonticola 1775:1783 arg1 differentiation 1730:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1701:1744 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola 1701:1783 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 1 63 theme carbon 144:149 arg1 source 151:156 the sole carbon source 135:156 the sole carbon source 135:156 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 1 63 theme carbon 144:149 arg1 gum 128:130 guar gum 123:130 guar gum 123:130 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 12 64 theme 46 1336:1337 arg1 mol 1339:1341 mol 1339:1341 mol 1339:1341 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 24408531 13 65 theme highest 1469:1475 arg1 similarity 1477:1486 highest similarity 1469:1486 highest similarity 1469:1486 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 8 66 theme main 933:936 arg1 xylose 958:963 xylose 958:963 xylose 958:963 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 66 theme main 933:936 arg1 sugar 948:952 The main cell-wall sugar 929:952 The main cell-wall sugar 929:952 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 9 67 theme other 1171:1175 arg1 lipids 1177:1182 other lipids 1171:1182 other lipids 1171:1182 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. 24408531 13 68 dep showed 1585:1590 arg1 % 1627:1627 ≤95.3 % 1621:1627 ≤95.3 % 1621:1627 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 12 69 theme DNA 1316:1318 arg1 % 1342:1342 46 mol% 1336:1342 46 mol% 1336:1342 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 24408531 12 69 theme DNA 1316:1318 arg1 content 1324:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 24408531 1 70 theme selective 96:104 arg1 enrichment 106:115 a selective enrichment 94:115 a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source 94:156 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 6 71 theme Paenibacillus 845:857 arg1 genus 839:843 the genus Paenibacillus 835:857 the genus Paenibacillus 835:857 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 10 72 theme peptidoglycan 1189:1201 arg1 A1γ 1217:1219 A1γ 1217:1219 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct) 1217:1253 The peptidoglycan structure was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct). 24408531 10 72 theme peptidoglycan 1189:1201 arg1 structure 1203:1211 The peptidoglycan structure 1185:1211 The peptidoglycan structure 1185:1211 The peptidoglycan structure was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct). 24408531 6 73 theme gene 703:706 arg1 similarity 717:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 14 74 theme strain 1749:1754 arg1 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 14 74 theme strain 1749:1754 arg1 CMG1240 1756:1762 strain CMG1240 1749:1762 strain CMG1240(T) 1749:1765 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 2 75 attach isolated 201:208 arg2 CMG1240 185:191 CMG1240 185:191 CMG1240(T) 185:194 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 75 attach isolated 201:208 arg2 strain 177:182 A novel bacterial strain 159:182 A novel bacterial strain 159:182 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 75 attach isolated 201:208 arg1 samples 234:240 mixed soil samples 223:240 mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source 223:364 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 13 76 theme strain 1444:1449 arg1 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 13 76 theme strain 1444:1449 arg1 CMG1240 1451:1457 strain CMG1240 1444:1457 strain CMG1240(T) 1444:1460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 3 77 from gum 469:471 arg1 present 453:459 present 453:459 present 453:459 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 15 78 theme lentus 1986:1991 arg1 sp 1993:1994 the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1963:1994 the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1963:1994 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 5 79 theme characterization 660:675 arg1 combination 607:617 a combination 605:617 a combination of phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization 605:675 It was further examined based on a combination of phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization. 24408531 13 80 theme sequence 1598:1605 arg1 similarities 1607:1618 lower sequence similarities 1592:1618 lower sequence similarities 1592:1618 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 8 81 theme trace 970:974 arg1 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 glucose 999:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 81 theme trace 970:974 arg1 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 mannose 987:993 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 8 81 theme trace 970:974 arg1 amounts 976:982 trace amounts 970:982 trace amounts of mannose and glucose 970:1005 The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. 24408531 13 82 theme other 1550:1554 arg1 strains 1577:1583 all other tested Paenibacillus strains 1546:1583 all other tested Paenibacillus strains 1546:1583 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 13 83 theme 16S 1418:1420 arg1 rRNA 1422:1425 The 16S rRNA 1414:1425 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) 1414:1460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 0 84 theme lentus 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus lentus sp 0:22 Paenibacillus lentus sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 7 85 theme Quinone 860:866 arg1 analysis 868:875 Quinone analysis 860:875 Quinone analysis 860:875 Quinone analysis showed that MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected. 24408531 1 86 theme soil 78:81 arg1 samples 83:89 mixed soil samples 72:89 mixed soil samples 72:89 nov., a β-mannanolytic bacterium isolated from mixed soil samples in a selective enrichment using guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 13 87 theme Paenibacillus 1563:1575 arg1 strains 1577:1583 all other tested Paenibacillus strains 1546:1583 all other tested Paenibacillus strains 1546:1583 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). 24408531 2 88 theme enrichment 308:317 arg1 medium 319:324 a selective enrichment medium 296:324 a selective enrichment medium with guar gum 296:338 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 89 theme carbon 352:357 arg1 source 359:364 the sole carbon source 343:364 the sole carbon source 343:364 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 9 90 theme polar 1018:1022 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1036:1057 diphosphatidylglycerol 1036:1057 diphosphatidylglycerol 1036:1057 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. 24408531 9 90 theme polar 1018:1022 arg1 lipids 1024:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. 24408531 3 91 theme β-mannanolytic 397:410 arg1 activity 412:419 β-mannanolytic activity 397:419 β-mannanolytic activity 397:419 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 14 92 theme chemotaxonomic 1672:1685 arg1 tests 1687:1691 chemotaxonomic tests 1672:1691 chemotaxonomic tests 1672:1691 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 6 93 theme rRNA 698:701 arg1 similarity 717:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 694:726 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 14 94 theme hybridization 1654:1666 arg1 results 1635:1641 The results 1631:1641 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests 1631:1691 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. 24408531 6 95 theme strain 780:785 arg1 CMG1240 787:793 strain CMG1240 780:793 strain CMG1240(T) 780:796 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 6 95 theme strain 780:785 arg1 profile 744:750 cellular lipid profile 729:750 cellular lipid profile 729:750 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 6 95 theme strain 780:785 arg1 T 795:795 T 795:795 T 795:795 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 15 96 theme novel 1907:1911 arg1 species 1913:1919 a novel species 1905:1919 a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1905:1994 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 97 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 T 1825:1825 T 1825:1825 T 1825:1825 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 97 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 CMG1240 1817:1823 strain CMG1240 1810:1823 strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) 1810:1863 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 97 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 25539 1855:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539 1829:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T) 1829:1862 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 98 theme  = ATCC 1829:1835 arg1 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 T 1861:1861 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 98 theme  = ATCC 1829:1835 arg1 CMG1240 1817:1823 strain CMG1240 1810:1823 strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) 1810:1863 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 15 98 theme  = ATCC 1829:1835 arg1 25539 1855:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539 1829:1859  = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T) 1829:1862 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 2 99 theme bacterial 167:175 arg1 CMG1240 185:191 CMG1240 185:191 CMG1240(T) 185:194 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 99 theme bacterial 167:175 arg1 strain 177:182 A novel bacterial strain 159:182 A novel bacterial strain 159:182 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 2 100 theme United 261:266 arg1 States 268:273 the United States 257:273 the United States 257:273 A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. 24408531 6 101 theme fatty 756:760 arg1 composition 767:777 fatty acid composition 756:777 fatty acid composition 756:777 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. 24408531 15 102 theme type 1890:1893 arg1 strain 1895:1900 the type strain 1886:1900 the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp 1886:1994 Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. 24408531 3 103 theme guar 464:467 arg1 gum 469:471 guar gum 464:471 guar gum 464:471 This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. 24408531 12 104 theme sequence 1404:1411 arg1 analysis 1380:1387 analysis 1380:1387 analysis of the genomic sequence 1380:1411 The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. 27923697 10 0 theme controlled 1204:1213 arg1 release 1220:1226 controlled drug release 1204:1226 controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions 1204:1271 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 5 1 theme physical 679:686 arg1 cross-linker 688:699 physical cross-linker 679:699 physical cross-linker 679:699 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 1 theme physical 679:686 arg1 polymers 615:622 biocompatible polymers 601:622 biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker) 601:700 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 9 2 theme drug 1089:1092 arg1 IC50 1104:1107 IC50 1104:1107 IC50 1104:1107 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles was confirmed with an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) compared to cisplatin. 27923697 9 2 theme drug 1089:1092 arg1 efficacy 1094:1101 drug efficacy 1089:1101 drug efficacy (IC50) 1089:1108 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles was confirmed with an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) compared to cisplatin. 27923697 11 3 theme simple 1310:1315 arg1 approach 1317:1324 a simple approach 1308:1324 a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy 1308:1398 This platform technology provides a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 27923697 5 4 dep polymers 615:622 arg1 moiety 657:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 4 dep polymers 615:622 arg1 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 4 dep polymers 615:622 arg1 cross-linker 688:699 physical cross-linker 679:699 physical cross-linker 679:699 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 4 dep polymers 615:622 arg1 polymers 615:622 biocompatible polymers 601:622 biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker) 601:700 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 4 dep polymers 615:622 arg1 acid 636:639 hyaluronic acid 625:639 hyaluronic acid 625:639 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 8 5 theme lung 951:954 arg1 cells 963:967 human lung cancer cells 945:967 human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors) 945:1002 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 5 6 theme CD44 642:645 arg1 moiety 657:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 6 theme CD44 642:645 arg1 polymers 615:622 biocompatible polymers 601:622 biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker) 601:700 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 7 7 theme serum 843:847 arg1 stability 849:857 high serum stability 838:857 high serum stability 838:857 The nanoparticle composition was optimized for high serum stability and low protein binding. 27923697 10 8 theme acidic 1255:1260 arg1 conditions 1262:1271 acidic conditions 1255:1271 acidic conditions 1255:1271 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 3 9 theme specific 357:364 arg1 delivery 371:378 target specific drug delivery 350:378 target specific drug delivery 350:378 This can be most effectively achieved through target specific drug delivery. 27923697 11 10 theme targeted 1344:1351 arg1 nanoparticles 1367:1379 targeted biocompatible nanoparticles 1344:1379 targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy 1344:1398 This platform technology provides a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 27923697 5 11 theme targeting 647:655 arg1 moiety 657:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 11 theme targeting 647:655 arg1 polymers 615:622 biocompatible polymers 601:622 biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker) 601:700 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 1 12 theme drug 83:86 arg1 carriers 97:104 drug delivery carriers 83:104 drug delivery carriers 83:104 Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades, particularly for cancer treatment. 27923697 6 13 theme model 731:735 arg1 Cisplatin 703:711 Cisplatin 703:711 Cisplatin 703:711 Cisplatin was selected as a model drug and incorporated between the core and the shell. 27923697 6 13 theme model 731:735 arg1 drug 737:740 a model drug 729:740 a model drug 729:740 Cisplatin was selected as a model drug and incorporated between the core and the shell. 27923697 1 14 theme cancer 173:178 arg1 treatment 180:188 cancer treatment 173:188 cancer treatment 173:188 Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades, particularly for cancer treatment. 27923697 3 15 theme drug 366:369 arg1 delivery 371:378 target specific drug delivery 350:378 target specific drug delivery 350:378 This can be most effectively achieved through target specific drug delivery. 27923697 11 16 theme biocompatible 1353:1365 arg1 nanoparticles 1367:1379 targeted biocompatible nanoparticles 1344:1379 targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy 1344:1398 This platform technology provides a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 27923697 4 17 theme novel 383:387 arg1 platform 416:423 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform 381:423 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique 381:477 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique is reported. 27923697 1 18 theme delivery 88:95 arg1 carriers 97:104 drug delivery carriers 83:104 drug delivery carriers 83:104 Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades, particularly for cancer treatment. 27923697 7 19 theme protein 867:873 arg1 binding 875:881 low protein binding 863:881 low protein binding 863:881 The nanoparticle composition was optimized for high serum stability and low protein binding. 27923697 11 20 theme cancer 1385:1390 arg1 therapy 1392:1398 cancer therapy 1385:1398 cancer therapy 1385:1398 This platform technology provides a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 27923697 10 21 theme platform 1188:1195 arg1 core 1163:1166 the pH-sensitive core 1146:1166 the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform 1146:1195 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 8 22 theme target 917:922 arg1 delivery 933:940 target specific delivery 917:940 target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors) 917:1002 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 0 23 theme Layer-by-layer 0:13 arg1 nanoparticle 15:26 Layer-by-layer nanoparticle 0:26 Layer-by-layer nanoparticle 0:26 Layer-by-layer nanoparticle platform for cancer active targeting. 27923697 4 24 theme nanoparticle 403:414 arg1 platform 416:423 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform 381:423 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique 381:477 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique is reported. 27923697 2 25 theme such 219:222 arg1 nanoparticles 224:236 such nanoparticles 219:236 such nanoparticles 219:236 The rationale in developing such nanoparticles is to maximize drug efficacy while minimizing toxic side effects. 27923697 9 26 theme targeting 1009:1017 arg1 ability 1019:1025 The targeting ability 1005:1025 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles 1005:1046 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles was confirmed with an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) compared to cisplatin. 27923697 7 27 theme high 838:841 arg1 stability 849:857 high serum stability 838:857 high serum stability 838:857 The nanoparticle composition was optimized for high serum stability and low protein binding. 27923697 4 28 theme biocompatible 389:401 arg1 platform 416:423 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform 381:423 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique 381:477 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique is reported. 27923697 7 29 theme low 863:865 arg1 binding 875:881 low protein binding 863:881 low protein binding 863:881 The nanoparticle composition was optimized for high serum stability and low protein binding. 27923697 2 30 theme side 290:293 arg1 effects 295:301 toxic side effects 284:301 toxic side effects 284:301 The rationale in developing such nanoparticles is to maximize drug efficacy while minimizing toxic side effects. 27923697 5 31 theme calcium 513:519 arg1 phosphate 521:529 calcium phosphate 513:529 calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive 513:569 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 0 32 theme active 48:53 arg1 targeting 55:63 cancer active targeting 41:63 cancer active targeting 41:63 Layer-by-layer nanoparticle platform for cancer active targeting. 27923697 8 33 theme human 945:949 arg1 cells 963:967 human lung cancer cells 945:967 human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors) 945:1002 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 0 34 theme cancer 41:46 arg1 targeting 55:63 cancer active targeting 41:63 cancer active targeting 41:63 Layer-by-layer nanoparticle platform for cancer active targeting. 27923697 7 35 theme nanoparticle 795:806 arg1 composition 808:818 The nanoparticle composition 791:818 The nanoparticle composition 791:818 The nanoparticle composition was optimized for high serum stability and low protein binding. 27923697 5 36 theme biocompatible 601:613 arg1 moiety 657:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 CD44 targeting moiety 642:662 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 36 theme biocompatible 601:613 arg1 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 36 theme biocompatible 601:613 arg1 cross-linker 688:699 physical cross-linker 679:699 physical cross-linker 679:699 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 36 theme biocompatible 601:613 arg1 polymers 615:622 biocompatible polymers 601:622 biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker) 601:700 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 36 theme biocompatible 601:613 arg1 acid 636:639 hyaluronic acid 625:639 hyaluronic acid 625:639 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 11 37 theme nanoparticles 1367:1379 arg1 design 1334:1339 the design 1330:1339 the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy 1330:1398 This platform technology provides a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 27923697 9 38 theme nanoparticles 1034:1046 arg1 ability 1019:1025 The targeting ability 1005:1025 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles 1005:1046 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles was confirmed with an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) compared to cisplatin. 27923697 10 39 theme nanoparticle 1175:1186 arg1 platform 1188:1195 the nanoparticle platform 1171:1195 the nanoparticle platform 1171:1195 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 10 40 theme pH-sensitive 1150:1161 arg1 core 1163:1166 the pH-sensitive core 1146:1166 the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform 1146:1195 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 8 41 theme cancer 956:961 arg1 cells 963:967 human lung cancer cells 945:967 human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors) 945:1002 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 10 42 from release 1220:1226 arg1 conditions 1262:1271 acidic conditions 1255:1271 acidic conditions 1255:1271 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 4 43 theme self-assembly 455:467 arg1 technique 469:477 the core-shell self-assembly technique 440:477 the core-shell self-assembly technique 440:477 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique is reported. 27923697 5 44 theme hyaluronic 625:634 arg1 polymers 615:622 biocompatible polymers 601:622 biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker) 601:700 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 5 44 theme hyaluronic 625:634 arg1 acid 636:639 hyaluronic acid 625:639 hyaluronic acid 625:639 The core consists of calcium phosphate which is biocompatible and pH-sensitive, and the shell is composed of biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, CD44 targeting moiety; and chitosan, physical cross-linker). 27923697 11 45 theme platform 1279:1286 arg1 technology 1288:1297 This platform technology 1274:1297 This platform technology 1274:1297 This platform technology provides a simple approach for the design of targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 27923697 4 46 theme core-shell 444:453 arg1 technique 469:477 the core-shell self-assembly technique 440:477 the core-shell self-assembly technique 440:477 A novel biocompatible nanoparticle platform prepared using the core-shell self-assembly technique is reported. 27923697 1 47 theme last 138:141 arg1 decades 147:153 the last few decades 134:153 the last few decades 134:153 Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades, particularly for cancer treatment. 27923697 8 48 from delivery 933:940 arg1 cells 963:967 human lung cancer cells 945:967 human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors) 945:1002 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 10 49 theme drug 1215:1218 arg1 release 1220:1226 controlled drug release 1204:1226 controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions 1204:1271 Furthermore, the pH-sensitive core of the nanoparticle platform led to controlled drug release through destabilization in acidic conditions. 27923697 2 50 theme toxic 284:288 arg1 effects 295:301 toxic side effects 284:301 toxic side effects 284:301 The rationale in developing such nanoparticles is to maximize drug efficacy while minimizing toxic side effects. 27923697 8 51 theme CD44 988:991 arg1 receptors 993:1001 CD44 receptors 988:1001 CD44 receptors 988:1001 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 1 52 theme few 143:145 arg1 decades 147:153 the last few decades 134:153 the last few decades 134:153 Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades, particularly for cancer treatment. 27923697 8 53 theme specific 924:931 arg1 delivery 933:940 target specific delivery 917:940 target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors) 917:1002 These nanoparticles demonstrated target specific delivery in human lung cancer cells (which overexpress CD44 receptors). 27923697 9 54 theme efficacy 1094:1101 arg1 increase 1077:1084 an 8-fold increase 1067:1084 an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) 1067:1108 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles was confirmed with an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) compared to cisplatin. 27923697 9 55 theme 8-fold 1070:1075 arg1 increase 1077:1084 an 8-fold increase 1067:1084 an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) 1067:1108 The targeting ability of the nanoparticles was confirmed with an 8-fold increase of drug efficacy (IC50) compared to cisplatin. 27923697 2 56 theme drug 253:256 arg1 efficacy 258:265 drug efficacy 253:265 drug efficacy 253:265 The rationale in developing such nanoparticles is to maximize drug efficacy while minimizing toxic side effects. 28768815 3 0 theme plant 306:310 arg1 walls 317:321 plant cell walls 306:321 plant cell walls 306:321 In plant cell walls, individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA are assembled into microfibrils that are frequently bundled into macrofibrils. 28768815 11 1 theme primary 1643:1649 arg1 walls 1676:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 5 2 dep Physcomitrella 677:690 arg1 patens 692:697 patens 692:697 patens 692:697 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 7 3 theme Glc 946:948 arg1 incorporation 916:928 incorporation 916:928 incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation 916:1014 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 5 4 from spectrometry 728:739 arg1 expression 616:625 heterologous expression 603:625 heterologous expression 603:625 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 4 from spectrometry 728:739 arg1 purification 639:650 partial purification 631:650 partial purification 631:650 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 4 from spectrometry 728:739 arg1 CesA5 666:670 His-tagged CesA5 655:670 His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry 655:739 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 3 5 theme cell 312:315 arg1 walls 317:321 plant cell walls 306:321 plant cell walls 306:321 In plant cell walls, individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA are assembled into microfibrils that are frequently bundled into macrofibrils. 28768815 11 6 located found 1634:1638 arg2 those 1628:1632 those 1628:1632 those 1628:1632 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 11 6 located found 1634:1638 arg1 walls 1676:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 5 7 theme His-tagged 655:664 arg1 CesA5 666:670 His-tagged CesA5 655:670 His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry 655:739 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 6 8 theme yeast 857:861 arg1 extract 875:881 yeast total lipid extract 857:881 yeast total lipid extract 857:881 The recombinant protein was functional when reconstituted into liposomes made from yeast total lipid extract. 28768815 11 9 theme cellulosic 1807:1816 arg1 structures 1818:1827 fibrillar cellulosic structures 1797:1827 fibrillar cellulosic structures 1797:1827 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 4 10 theme process 574:580 arg1 study 560:564 detailed study 551:564 detailed study of this process 551:580 An in vitro system in which cellulose is synthesized and assembled into fibrils would facilitate detailed study of this process. 28768815 5 11 theme CesA5 666:670 arg1 expression 616:625 heterologous expression 603:625 heterologous expression 603:625 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 11 theme CesA5 666:670 arg1 purification 639:650 partial purification 631:650 partial purification 631:650 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 7 12 theme transmission 1022:1033 arg1 microscopy 1044:1053 transmission electron microscopy 1022:1053 transmission electron microscopy 1022:1053 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 2 13 theme processive 262:271 arg1 glycosyltransferase 282:300 a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase 260:300 a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase 260:300 In plants, cellulose is produced by cellulose synthase, a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase. 28768815 2 13 theme processive 262:271 arg1 synthase 250:257 cellulose synthase 240:257 cellulose synthase 240:257 In plants, cellulose is produced by cellulose synthase, a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase. 28768815 3 14 theme polymerized 355:365 arg1 chains 348:353 individual β-1,4-glucan chains 324:353 individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA 324:373 In plant cell walls, individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA are assembled into microfibrils that are frequently bundled into macrofibrils. 28768815 7 15 theme microfibril 994:1004 arg1 formation 1006:1014 cellulose microfibril formation 984:1014 cellulose microfibril formation 984:1014 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 8 16 dep either 1091:1096 arg1 inside 1098:1103 inside 1098:1103 inside 1098:1103 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 8 17 theme ordered 1196:1202 arg1 bundles 1204:1210 ordered bundles 1196:1210 ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces 1196:1301 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 3 18 theme individual 324:333 arg1 chains 348:353 individual β-1,4-glucan chains 324:353 individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA 324:373 In plant cell walls, individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA are assembled into microfibrils that are frequently bundled into macrofibrils. 28768815 9 19 theme hybrid 1390:1395 arg1 aspen 1397:1401 hybrid aspen 1390:1401 hybrid aspen 1390:1401 We also report this arrangement of fibrils made by proteoliposomes bearing CesA8 from hybrid aspen. 28768815 5 20 theme heterologous 603:614 arg1 expression 616:625 heterologous expression 603:625 heterologous expression 603:625 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 8 21 dep observed 1082:1089 arg1 surface 1121:1127 the outer surface 1111:1127 the outer surface of proteoliposomes 1111:1146 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 8 21 dep observed 1082:1089 arg1 either 1091:1096 either 1091:1096 either 1091:1096 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 3 22 theme β-1,4-glucan 335:346 arg1 chains 348:353 individual β-1,4-glucan chains 324:353 individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA 324:373 In plant cell walls, individual β-1,4-glucan chains polymerized by CesA are assembled into microfibrils that are frequently bundled into macrofibrils. 28768815 8 23 theme outer 1115:1119 arg1 surface 1121:1127 the outer surface 1111:1127 the outer surface of proteoliposomes 1111:1146 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 8 24 theme proteoliposomes 1248:1262 arg1 surfaces 1236:1243 the surfaces 1232:1243 the surfaces of proteoliposomes 1232:1262 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 11 25 theme CesA 1911:1914 arg1 proteins 1916:1923 CesA proteins 1911:1923 CesA proteins 1911:1923 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 5 26 theme PpCesA5 765:771 arg1 enrichment 751:760 enrichment 751:760 enrichment of PpCesA5 751:771 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 27 theme partial 631:637 arg1 purification 639:650 partial purification 631:650 partial purification 631:650 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 7 28 theme cellulose 984:992 arg1 formation 1006:1014 cellulose microfibril formation 984:1014 cellulose microfibril formation 984:1014 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 7 29 theme functional 888:897 arg1 studies 899:905 The functional studies 884:905 The functional studies 884:905 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 5 30 dep expression 616:625 arg1 the 599:601 the 599:601 the 599:601 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 31 from purification 639:650 arg1 analysis 710:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 31 from purification 639:650 arg1 spectrometry 728:739 mass spectrometry 723:739 mass spectrometry 723:739 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 8 32 theme liposome 1285:1292 arg1 surfaces 1294:1301 liposome surfaces 1285:1301 liposome surfaces 1285:1301 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 9 33 theme fibrils 1339:1345 arg1 arrangement 1324:1334 this arrangement 1319:1334 this arrangement of fibrils made by proteoliposomes bearing CesA8 from hybrid aspen 1319:1401 We also report this arrangement of fibrils made by proteoliposomes bearing CesA8 from hybrid aspen. 28768815 11 34 theme mechanisms 1744:1753 arg1 study 1731:1735 further study 1723:1735 further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins 1723:1923 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 10 35 theme higher-ordered 1555:1568 arg1 macrofibrils 1570:1581 higher-ordered macrofibrils 1555:1581 higher-ordered macrofibrils 1555:1581 These observations describe minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils. 28768815 4 36 theme detailed 551:558 arg1 study 560:564 detailed study 551:564 detailed study of this process 551:580 An in vitro system in which cellulose is synthesized and assembled into fibrils would facilitate detailed study of this process. 28768815 11 37 theme cell 1833:1836 arg1 composites 1843:1852 cell wall composites 1833:1852 cell wall composites 1833:1852 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 7 38 theme formation 1006:1014 arg1 incorporation 916:928 incorporation 916:928 incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation 916:1014 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 1 39 theme major 108:112 arg1 Cellulose 93:101 Cellulose 93:101 Cellulose 93:101 Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls, can be converted to bioethanol and is thus highly studied. 28768815 1 39 theme major 108:112 arg1 component 114:122 the major component 104:122 the major component of plant cell walls 104:142 Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls, can be converted to bioethanol and is thus highly studied. 28768815 11 40 theme plant 1665:1669 arg1 walls 1676:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 11 41 theme polymerization 1874:1887 arg1 process 1889:1895 the polymerization process 1870:1895 the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins 1870:1923 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 5 42 from expression 616:625 arg1 analysis 710:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 42 from expression 616:625 arg1 spectrometry 728:739 mass spectrometry 723:739 mass spectrometry 723:739 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 43 theme mass 723:726 arg1 spectrometry 728:739 mass spectrometry 723:739 mass spectrometry 723:739 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 11 44 theme structures 1818:1827 arg1 assembly 1785:1792 assembly 1785:1792 assembly 1785:1792 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 11 44 theme structures 1818:1827 arg1 formation 1771:1779 formation 1771:1779 formation 1771:1779 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 2 45 theme family-2 273:280 arg1 glycosyltransferase 282:300 a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase 260:300 a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase 260:300 In plants, cellulose is produced by cellulose synthase, a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase. 28768815 2 45 theme family-2 273:280 arg1 synthase 250:257 cellulose synthase 240:257 cellulose synthase 240:257 In plants, cellulose is produced by cellulose synthase, a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase. 28768815 0 46 theme Microfibrils 41:52 arg1 Self-Assembly 14:26 Self-Assembly 14:26 Self-Assembly 14:26 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 0 46 theme Microfibrils 41:52 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 8 47 theme thinner 1173:1179 arg1 fibrils 1181:1187 several thinner fibrils 1165:1187 several thinner fibrils 1165:1187 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 11 48 theme wall 1838:1841 arg1 composites 1843:1852 cell wall composites 1833:1852 cell wall composites 1833:1852 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 11 49 theme cell 1671:1674 arg1 walls 1676:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 0 50 theme Cellulose 31:39 arg1 Microfibrils 41:52 Cellulose Microfibrils 31:52 Cellulose Microfibrils 31:52 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 8 51 theme Several 1056:1062 arg1 microfibrils 1064:1075 Several microfibrils 1056:1075 Several microfibrils 1056:1075 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 4 52 dep in 457:458 arg1 vitro 460:464 vitro 460:464 vitro 460:464 An in vitro system in which cellulose is synthesized and assembled into fibrils would facilitate detailed study of this process. 28768815 0 53 from Synthase 83:90 arg1 Self-Assembly 14:26 Self-Assembly 14:26 Self-Assembly 14:26 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 0 53 from Synthase 83:90 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 10 54 theme minimal 1432:1438 arg1 systems 1440:1446 minimal systems 1432:1446 minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils 1432:1581 These observations describe minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils. 28768815 0 55 theme Reconstituted 59:71 arg1 Synthase 83:90 Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase 59:90 Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase 59:90 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 11 56 dep formation 1771:1779 arg1 the 1767:1769 the 1767:1769 the 1767:1769 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 5 57 theme Physcomitrella 677:690 arg1 analysis 710:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 4 58 theme in 457:458 arg1 system 466:471 An in vitro system 454:471 An in vitro system in which cellulose is synthesized and assembled into fibrils 454:532 An in vitro system in which cellulose is synthesized and assembled into fibrils would facilitate detailed study of this process. 28768815 8 59 theme several 1165:1171 arg1 fibrils 1181:1187 several thinner fibrils 1165:1187 several thinner fibrils 1165:1187 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 11 60 theme composites 1843:1852 arg1 assembly 1785:1792 assembly 1785:1792 assembly 1785:1792 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 11 60 theme composites 1843:1852 arg1 formation 1771:1779 formation 1771:1779 formation 1771:1779 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 6 61 theme recombinant 778:788 arg1 functional 802:811 functional 802:811 functional 802:811 The recombinant protein was functional when reconstituted into liposomes made from yeast total lipid extract. 28768815 6 61 theme recombinant 778:788 arg1 protein 790:796 The recombinant protein 774:796 The recombinant protein 774:796 The recombinant protein was functional when reconstituted into liposomes made from yeast total lipid extract. 28768815 1 62 theme plant 127:131 arg1 walls 138:142 plant cell walls 127:142 plant cell walls 127:142 Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls, can be converted to bioethanol and is thus highly studied. 28768815 7 63 theme analysis 959:966 arg1 incorporation 916:928 incorporation 916:928 incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation 916:1014 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 7 64 theme imaging 973:979 arg1 incorporation 916:928 incorporation 916:928 incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation 916:1014 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 5 65 theme Immunoblot 699:708 arg1 analysis 710:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis 677:717 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 2 66 theme cellulose 240:248 arg1 glycosyltransferase 282:300 a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase 260:300 a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase 260:300 In plants, cellulose is produced by cellulose synthase, a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase. 28768815 2 66 theme cellulose 240:248 arg1 synthase 250:257 cellulose synthase 240:257 cellulose synthase 240:257 In plants, cellulose is produced by cellulose synthase, a processive family-2 glycosyltransferase. 28768815 10 67 theme β-1,4-glucan 1496:1507 arg1 chains 1509:1514 β-1,4-glucan chains 1496:1514 β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils 1496:1581 These observations describe minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils. 28768815 1 68 theme cell 133:136 arg1 walls 138:142 plant cell walls 127:142 plant cell walls 127:142 Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls, can be converted to bioethanol and is thus highly studied. 28768815 11 69 theme further 1723:1729 arg1 study 1731:1735 further study 1723:1735 further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins 1723:1923 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 6 70 theme lipid 869:873 arg1 extract 875:881 yeast total lipid extract 857:881 yeast total lipid extract 857:881 The recombinant protein was functional when reconstituted into liposomes made from yeast total lipid extract. 28768815 10 71 theme CesAs 1474:1478 arg1 systems 1440:1446 minimal systems 1432:1446 minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils 1432:1581 These observations describe minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils. 28768815 1 72 theme walls 138:142 arg1 Cellulose 93:101 Cellulose 93:101 Cellulose 93:101 Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls, can be converted to bioethanol and is thus highly studied. 28768815 1 72 theme walls 138:142 arg1 component 114:122 the major component 104:122 the major component of plant cell walls 104:142 Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls, can be converted to bioethanol and is thus highly studied. 28768815 5 73 from analysis 710:717 arg1 expression 616:625 heterologous expression 603:625 heterologous expression 603:625 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 73 from analysis 710:717 arg1 purification 639:650 partial purification 631:650 partial purification 631:650 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 5 73 from analysis 710:717 arg1 CesA5 666:670 His-tagged CesA5 655:670 His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry 655:739 Here, we report the heterologous expression and partial purification of His-tagged CesA5 from Physcomitrella patens Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of PpCesA5. 28768815 6 74 theme total 863:867 arg1 extract 875:881 yeast total lipid extract 857:881 yeast total lipid extract 857:881 The recombinant protein was functional when reconstituted into liposomes made from yeast total lipid extract. 28768815 11 75 theme fibrillar 1797:1805 arg1 structures 1818:1827 fibrillar cellulosic structures 1797:1827 fibrillar cellulosic structures 1797:1827 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 28768815 10 76 theme membrane-reconstituted 1451:1472 arg1 CesAs 1474:1478 membrane-reconstituted CesAs 1451:1478 membrane-reconstituted CesAs 1451:1478 These observations describe minimal systems of membrane-reconstituted CesAs that polymerize β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form microfibrils and higher-ordered macrofibrils. 28768815 7 77 theme linkage 951:957 arg1 analysis 959:966 linkage analysis 951:966 linkage analysis 951:966 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 0 78 theme Cellulose 73:81 arg1 Synthase 83:90 Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase 59:90 Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase 59:90 Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase. 28768815 8 79 theme proteoliposomes 1132:1146 arg1 surface 1121:1127 the outer surface 1111:1127 the outer surface of proteoliposomes 1111:1146 Several microfibrils were observed either inside or on the outer surface of proteoliposomes, and strikingly, several thinner fibrils formed ordered bundles that either covered the surfaces of proteoliposomes or were spawned from liposome surfaces. 28768815 7 80 theme electron 1035:1042 arg1 microscopy 1044:1053 transmission electron microscopy 1022:1053 transmission electron microscopy 1022:1053 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 7 81 theme radiolabeled 933:944 arg1 Glc 946:948 radiolabeled Glc 933:948 radiolabeled Glc 933:948 The functional studies included incorporation of radiolabeled Glc, linkage analysis, and imaging of cellulose microfibril formation using transmission electron microscopy. 28768815 11 82 theme secondary 1655:1663 arg1 walls 1676:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 primary and secondary plant cell walls 1643:1680 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary and secondary plant cell walls is uncertain, but their presence enables further study of the mechanisms that govern the formation and assembly of fibrillar cellulosic structures and cell wall composites during or after the polymerization process controlled by CesA proteins. 25673279 8 0 theme chewing 1167:1173 arg1 tablets 1209:1215 matrix tablets 1202:1215 matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration 1202:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 8 0 theme chewing 1167:1173 arg1 tablets 1179:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 5 1 theme lubricants 773:782 arg1 use 766:768 the use 762:768 the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches 762:824 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 5 1 theme lubricants 773:782 arg1 necessary 829:837 necessary 829:837 necessary 829:837 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 5 2 theme high 706:709 arg1 friction 711:718 the high friction 702:718 the high friction 702:718 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 8 3 theme oral 1221:1224 arg1 administration 1241:1254 oral pharmaceutical administration 1221:1254 oral pharmaceutical administration 1221:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 3 4 theme active 479:484 arg1 caffeine 513:520 caffeine 513:520 caffeine 513:520 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 3 4 theme active 479:484 arg1 ingredient 501:510 the active pharmaceutical ingredient 475:510 the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them 475:531 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 0 5 theme drug 77:80 arg1 system 91:96 an oral drug delivery system 69:96 an oral drug delivery system 69:96 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 3 6 theme pharmaceutical 486:499 arg1 caffeine 513:520 caffeine 513:520 caffeine 513:520 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 3 6 theme pharmaceutical 486:499 arg1 ingredient 501:510 the active pharmaceutical ingredient 475:510 the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them 475:531 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 0 7 theme oral 72:75 arg1 system 91:96 an oral drug delivery system 69:96 an oral drug delivery system 69:96 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 7 8 from valid 1120:1124 arg1 case 1133:1136 the case 1129:1136 the case of matrix systems 1129:1154 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 6 9 with stearate 890:897 arg1 area 926:929 high specific surface area 904:929 high specific surface area 904:929 For this purpose, magnesium stearate with high specific surface area was applied. 25673279 6 10 theme surface 918:924 arg1 area 926:929 high specific surface area 904:929 high specific surface area 904:929 For this purpose, magnesium stearate with high specific surface area was applied. 25673279 8 11 theme matrix 1202:1207 arg1 tablets 1209:1215 matrix tablets 1202:1215 matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration 1202:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 8 11 theme matrix 1202:1207 arg1 tablets 1179:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 5 12 dep the 753:755 arg1 die 757:759 die 757:759 die 757:759 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 8 13 theme Medicated 1157:1165 arg1 tablets 1209:1215 matrix tablets 1202:1215 matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration 1202:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 8 13 theme Medicated 1157:1165 arg1 tablets 1179:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 0 14 theme delivery 82:89 arg1 system 91:96 an oral drug delivery system 69:96 an oral drug delivery system 69:96 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 4 15 theme co-processed 600:611 arg1 product 613:619 a co-processed product 598:619 a co-processed product which is compressible 598:641 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 4 15 theme co-processed 600:611 arg1 compressible 630:641 compressible 630:641 compressible 630:641 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 4 15 theme co-processed 600:611 arg1 base 590:593 Cafosa gum base 579:593 Cafosa gum base 579:593 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 2 16 theme components 236:245 arg1 energy 222:227 surface free energy 209:227 surface free energy 209:227 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 2 16 theme components 236:245 arg1 morphology 194:203 morphology 194:203 morphology 194:203 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 3 17 theme ingredient 501:510 arg1 dissolution 460:470 the dissolution 456:470 the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them 456:531 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 8 18 theme gum 1175:1177 arg1 tablets 1209:1215 matrix tablets 1202:1215 matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration 1202:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 8 18 theme gum 1175:1177 arg1 tablets 1179:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 6 19 theme specific 909:916 arg1 area 926:929 high specific surface area 904:929 high specific surface area 904:929 For this purpose, magnesium stearate with high specific surface area was applied. 25673279 3 20 from dissolution 460:470 arg1 them 528:531 them 528:531 them 528:531 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 8 21 used used 1194:1197 arg2 tablets 1179:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets 1157:1185 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 8 21 used used 1194:1197 arg2 tablets 1209:1215 matrix tablets 1202:1215 matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration 1202:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 2 22 theme tableting 350:358 arg1 machine 360:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 0 23 theme compressibility 13:27 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum 0:42 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 0 23 theme compressibility 13:27 arg1 applicability 52:64 its applicability 48:64 its applicability as an oral drug delivery system 48:96 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 6 24 theme high 904:907 arg1 area 926:929 high specific surface area 904:929 high specific surface area 904:929 For this purpose, magnesium stearate with high specific surface area was applied. 25673279 5 25 dep Teflon-coated 803:815 arg1 e.g. 798:801 e.g. 798:801 e.g. 798:801 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 2 26 dep morphology 194:203 arg1 The 190:192 The 190:192 The 190:192 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 5 27 theme tablets 675:681 arg1 sticking 659:666 the sticking 655:666 the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die 655:759 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 1 28 theme delivery 173:180 arg1 system 182:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 1 28 theme delivery 173:180 arg1 tablets 121:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 0 29 theme chewing 32:38 arg1 gum 40:42 chewing gum 32:42 chewing gum 32:42 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 2 30 theme direct 300:305 arg1 compression 307:317 direct compression 300:317 direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 300:366 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 7 31 from release 948:954 arg1 response 971:978 response 971:978 response to the mechanical effect applied 971:1011 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 2 32 theme surface 209:215 arg1 energy 222:227 surface free energy 209:227 surface free energy 209:227 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 1 33 theme oral 163:166 arg1 system 182:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 1 33 theme oral 163:166 arg1 tablets 121:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 5 34 theme suitable 788:795 arg1 punches 818:824 suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches 788:824 suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches 788:824 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 6 35 theme magnesium 880:888 arg1 stearate 890:897 magnesium stearate 880:897 magnesium stearate with high specific surface area 880:929 For this purpose, magnesium stearate with high specific surface area was applied. 25673279 7 36 theme mechanical 987:996 arg1 effect 998:1003 the mechanical effect 983:1003 the mechanical effect applied 983:1011 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 2 37 with compression 307:317 arg1 machine 360:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 7 38 theme Korsmeyer-Peppas 1084:1099 arg1 equation 1101:1108 the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation 1080:1108 the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation 1080:1108 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 7 38 theme Korsmeyer-Peppas 1084:1099 arg1 valid 1120:1124 valid 1120:1124 valid 1120:1124 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 3 39 theme tablets 426:432 arg1 texture 411:417 the texture 407:417 the texture 407:417 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 3 39 theme tablets 426:432 arg1 compressibility 373:387 The compressibility 369:387 The compressibility 369:387 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 3 39 theme tablets 426:432 arg1 porosity 394:401 the porosity 390:401 the porosity 390:401 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 7 40 theme caffeine 959:966 arg1 rapid 1026:1030 rapid 1026:1030 rapid 1026:1030 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 7 40 theme caffeine 959:966 arg1 release 948:954 The release 944:954 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied 944:1011 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 5 41 theme production 844:853 arg1 scale 855:859 a production scale 842:859 a production scale 842:859 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 0 42 theme gum 40:42 arg1 compressibility 13:27 the compressibility 9:27 the compressibility of chewing gum 9:42 Study of the compressibility of chewing gum and its applicability as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 7 43 from case 1133:1136 arg1 equation 1101:1108 the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation 1080:1108 the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation 1080:1108 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 7 43 from case 1133:1136 arg1 valid 1120:1124 valid 1120:1124 valid 1120:1124 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 3 44 theme specially-developed 551:569 arg1 method 571:576 a specially-developed method 549:576 a specially-developed method 549:576 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 1 45 theme Medicated 99:107 arg1 system 182:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 1 45 theme Medicated 99:107 arg1 tablets 121:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 3 46 from them 528:531 arg1 dissolution 460:470 the dissolution 456:470 the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them 456:531 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 3 46 from them 528:531 arg1 caffeine 513:520 caffeine 513:520 caffeine 513:520 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 3 46 from them 528:531 arg1 ingredient 501:510 the active pharmaceutical ingredient 475:510 the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them 475:531 The compressibility, the porosity and the texture of the tablets were investigated and the dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine) from them was tested with a specially-developed method. 25673279 5 47 theme sticking 659:666 arg1 use 766:768 the use 762:768 the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches 762:824 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 5 47 theme sticking 659:666 arg1 necessary 829:837 necessary 829:837 necessary 829:837 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 1 48 theme chewing 109:115 arg1 system 182:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 1 48 theme chewing 109:115 arg1 tablets 121:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 5 49 theme punches 818:824 arg1 use 766:768 the use 762:768 the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches 762:824 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 5 49 theme punches 818:824 arg1 necessary 829:837 necessary 829:837 necessary 829:837 Because of the sticking of the tablets to the punches and the high friction that arises during ejection from the die, the use of lubricants and suitable (e.g. Teflon-coated) punches is necessary on a production scale. 25673279 4 50 theme gum 586:588 arg1 product 613:619 a co-processed product 598:619 a co-processed product which is compressible 598:641 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 4 50 theme gum 586:588 arg1 compressible 630:641 compressible 630:641 compressible 630:641 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 4 50 theme gum 586:588 arg1 base 590:593 Cafosa gum base 579:593 Cafosa gum base 579:593 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 8 51 theme pharmaceutical 1226:1239 arg1 administration 1241:1254 oral pharmaceutical administration 1221:1254 oral pharmaceutical administration 1221:1254 Medicated chewing gum tablets can be used as matrix tablets for oral pharmaceutical administration. 25673279 1 52 theme gum 117:119 arg1 system 182:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 1 52 theme gum 117:119 arg1 tablets 121:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 4 53 theme Cafosa 579:584 arg1 product 613:619 a co-processed product 598:619 a co-processed product which is compressible 598:641 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 4 53 theme Cafosa 579:584 arg1 compressible 630:641 compressible 630:641 compressible 630:641 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 4 53 theme Cafosa 579:584 arg1 base 590:593 Cafosa gum base 579:593 Cafosa gum base 579:593 Cafosa gum base is a co-processed product which is compressible. 25673279 7 54 theme matrix 1141:1146 arg1 systems 1148:1154 matrix systems 1141:1154 matrix systems 1141:1154 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 1 55 theme drug 168:171 arg1 system 182:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 an oral drug delivery system 160:187 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 1 55 theme drug 168:171 arg1 tablets 121:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets 99:127 Medicated chewing gum tablets were prepared and evaluated as an oral drug delivery system. 25673279 2 56 theme eccentric 340:348 arg1 machine 360:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 7 57 theme systems 1148:1154 arg1 case 1133:1136 the case 1129:1136 the case of matrix systems 1129:1154 The release of caffeine in response to the mechanical effect applied proved to be rapid and quantitative and the profile closely obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which is valid in the case of matrix systems. 25673279 2 58 theme free 217:220 arg1 energy 222:227 surface free energy 209:227 surface free energy 209:227 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 25673279 2 59 theme instrumented 327:338 arg1 machine 360:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 an instrumented eccentric tableting machine 324:366 The morphology and surface free energy of the components were characterized, and the tablets were prepared by direct compression with an instrumented eccentric tableting machine. 26985789 9 0 from level 1540:1544 arg1 fish 1581:1584 the mutant fish 1570:1584 the mutant fish 1570:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 5 1 theme in 691:692 arg1 maps 699:702 the first in situ maps 681:702 the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution 681:732 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 5 2 theme X-ray 609:613 arg1 imaging 628:634 synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging 591:634 synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage 591:668 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 2 3 theme cartilage 275:283 arg1 matrix 299:304 cartilage extracellular matrix 275:304 cartilage extracellular matrix 275:304 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 1 4 theme glycosylated 158:169 arg1 proteins 171:178 heavily glycosylated proteins 150:178 heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues 150:242 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 1 4 theme glycosylated 158:169 arg1 Proteoglycans 126:138 Proteoglycans 126:138 Proteoglycans (PGs) 126:144 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 6 5 theme sulfur 925:930 arg1 content 932:938 cartilage matrix sulfur content 908:938 cartilage matrix sulfur content 908:938 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 6 6 dep differentiation 826:840 arg1 hypertrophy 857:867 hypertrophy 857:867 hypertrophy 857:867 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 6 6 dep differentiation 826:840 arg1 maturation 843:852 maturation 843:852 maturation 843:852 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 8 7 theme cartilage 1333:1341 arg1 production 1356:1365 lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1325:1365 lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1325:1365 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 5 8 theme first 685:689 arg1 maps 699:702 the first in situ maps 681:702 the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution 681:732 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 9 9 theme protein 1549:1555 arg1 synthesis 1557:1565 protein synthesis 1549:1565 protein synthesis in the mutant fish 1549:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 0 10 theme Cartilage 108:116 arg1 Matrix 118:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 1 11 theme major 190:194 arg1 roles 222:226 major structural and biological roles 190:226 major structural and biological roles 190:226 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 9 12 theme mutant 1574:1579 arg1 fish 1581:1584 the mutant fish 1570:1584 the mutant fish 1570:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 8 13 theme chemical 1304:1311 arg1 form 1313:1316 an alternative chemical form 1289:1316 an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1289:1365 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 0 14 from Imaging 40:46 arg1 Matrix 118:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 5 15 theme distribution 721:732 arg1 maps 699:702 the first in situ maps 681:702 the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution 681:732 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 7 16 theme chondrocyte 1125:1135 arg1 differentiation 1137:1151 chondrocyte differentiation 1125:1151 chondrocyte differentiation 1125:1151 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 7 17 theme cartilage 1039:1047 arg1 proteoglycans 1049:1061 cartilage proteoglycans 1039:1061 cartilage proteoglycans 1039:1061 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 5 18 theme ester 715:719 arg1 distribution 721:732 sulfate ester distribution 707:732 sulfate ester distribution 707:732 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 0 19 theme Sulfur 51:56 arg1 Biochemistry 58:69 Sulfur Biochemistry 51:69 Sulfur Biochemistry 51:69 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 9 20 theme mechanism 1613:1621 arg1 form 1501:1504 this alternative sulfur form 1477:1504 this alternative sulfur form 1477:1504 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 9 20 theme mechanism 1613:1621 arg1 part 1590:1593 part 1590:1593 part of a compensatory mechanism 1590:1621 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 3 21 with formation 435:443 arg1 residues 465:472 specific sugar residues 450:472 specific sugar residues 450:472 Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. 26985789 9 22 theme increased 1413:1421 arg1 levels 1423:1428 increased levels 1413:1428 increased levels of protein 1413:1439 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 5 23 theme zebrafish 650:658 arg1 cartilage 660:668 zebrafish cartilage 650:668 zebrafish cartilage 650:668 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 5 24 theme synchrotron-based 591:607 arg1 imaging 628:634 synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging 591:634 synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage 591:668 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 3 25 theme Proteoglycan 373:384 arg1 function 386:393 Proteoglycan function 373:393 Proteoglycan function 373:393 Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. 26985789 3 26 theme ester 429:433 arg1 formation 435:443 sulfation-sulfate ester formation 411:443 sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues 411:472 Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. 26985789 0 27 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Biology 9:15 Chemical Biology 0:15 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 0:124 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 5 28 theme fluorescence 615:626 arg1 imaging 628:634 synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging 591:634 synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage 591:668 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 5 29 dep in 691:692 arg1 situ 694:697 situ 694:697 situ 694:697 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 9 30 theme mutant 1448:1453 arg1 fish 1455:1458 the mutant fish 1444:1458 the mutant fish 1444:1458 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 6 31 theme matrix 918:923 arg1 content 932:938 cartilage matrix sulfur content 908:938 cartilage matrix sulfur content 908:938 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 3 32 theme sugar 459:463 arg1 residues 465:472 specific sugar residues 450:472 specific sugar residues 450:472 Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. 26985789 8 33 theme PG 1175:1176 arg1 mutant 1188:1193 the PG synthesis mutant 1171:1193 the PG synthesis mutant 1171:1193 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 0 34 dep In 32:33 arg1 Situ 35:38 Situ 35:38 Situ 35:38 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 0 35 theme In 32:33 arg1 Imaging 40:46 In Situ Imaging 32:46 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 0:124 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 6 36 theme functional 884:893 arg1 link 895:898 a functional link 882:898 a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation 882:970 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 9 37 from synthesis 1557:1565 arg1 fish 1581:1584 the mutant fish 1570:1584 the mutant fish 1570:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 9 38 theme alternative 1482:1492 arg1 form 1501:1504 this alternative sulfur form 1477:1504 this alternative sulfur form 1477:1504 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 9 38 theme alternative 1482:1492 arg1 part 1590:1593 part 1590:1593 part of a compensatory mechanism 1590:1621 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 6 39 theme esters 769:774 arg1 Levels 735:740 Levels 735:740 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters 735:774 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 2 40 theme disease 349:355 arg1 osteoarthritis 357:370 the joint disease osteoarthritis 339:370 the joint disease osteoarthritis 339:370 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 1 41 gly glycosylated 158:169 arg1 proteins 171:178 heavily glycosylated proteins 150:178 heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues 150:242 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 1 41 gly glycosylated 158:169 arg1 Proteoglycans 126:138 Proteoglycans 126:138 Proteoglycans (PGs) 126:144 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 8 42 theme sulfur 1215:1220 arg1 level 1206:1210 the total level 1196:1210 the total level of sulfur 1196:1220 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 9 43 dep Fourier 1368:1374 arg1 transform 1376:1384 transform 1376:1384 transform infrared imaging 1376:1401 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 2 44 theme extracellular 285:297 arg1 matrix 299:304 cartilage extracellular matrix 275:304 cartilage extracellular matrix 275:304 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 6 45 theme chondrocyte 944:954 arg1 differentiation 956:970 chondrocyte differentiation 944:970 chondrocyte differentiation 944:970 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 6 46 dep phase 820:824 arg1 differentiation 826:840 differentiation 826:840 late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy) 815:868 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 9 47 theme increased 1530:1538 arg1 level 1540:1544 an increased level 1527:1544 an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish 1527:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 4 48 theme vital 538:542 arg1 insights 544:551 vital insights 538:551 vital insights into its biological roles 538:577 Visualization of sulfation within cartilage matrix would yield vital insights into its biological roles. 26985789 9 49 from fish 1581:1584 arg1 level 1540:1544 an increased level 1527:1544 an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish 1527:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 8 50 theme lowered 1325:1331 arg1 production 1356:1365 lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1325:1365 lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1325:1365 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 6 51 theme late 815:818 arg1 phase 820:824 late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy) 815:868 late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy) 815:868 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 9 52 theme synthesis 1557:1565 arg1 level 1540:1544 an increased level 1527:1544 an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish 1527:1584 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 8 53 theme proteoglycan 1343:1354 arg1 production 1356:1365 lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1325:1365 lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1325:1365 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 1 54 theme structural 196:205 arg1 roles 222:226 major structural and biological roles 190:226 major structural and biological roles 190:226 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 5 55 theme sulfate 707:713 arg1 distribution 721:732 sulfate ester distribution 707:732 sulfate ester distribution 707:732 We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. 26985789 7 56 theme sulfate 1095:1101 arg1 levels 1109:1114 sulfate ester levels 1095:1114 sulfate ester levels 1095:1114 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 8 57 theme alternative 1292:1302 arg1 form 1313:1316 an alternative chemical form 1289:1316 an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production 1289:1365 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 7 58 theme ester 1103:1107 arg1 levels 1109:1114 sulfate ester levels 1095:1114 sulfate ester levels 1095:1114 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 2 59 from abundant 263:270 arg1 matrix 299:304 cartilage extracellular matrix 275:304 cartilage extracellular matrix 275:304 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 1 60 theme biological 211:220 arg1 roles 222:226 major structural and biological roles 190:226 major structural and biological roles 190:226 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26985789 0 61 theme Biochemistry 58:69 arg1 Imaging 40:46 In Situ Imaging 32:46 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 0:124 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 9 62 theme compensatory 1600:1611 arg1 mechanism 1613:1621 a compensatory mechanism 1598:1621 a compensatory mechanism 1598:1621 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 2 63 from matrix 299:304 arg1 abundant 263:270 abundant 263:270 abundant 263:270 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 0 64 from Biology 9:15 arg1 Embryo 24:29 the Embryo 20:29 the Embryo 20:29 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 0 65 theme Normal 74:79 arg1 Matrix 118:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 4 66 theme sulfation 492:500 arg1 Visualization 475:487 Visualization 475:487 Visualization of sulfation within cartilage matrix 475:524 Visualization of sulfation within cartilage matrix would yield vital insights into its biological roles. 26985789 6 67 theme sulfur 750:755 arg1 Levels 735:740 Levels 735:740 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters 735:774 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 0 68 theme Proteoglycan-Deficient 85:106 arg1 Matrix 118:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix 74:123 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 4 69 theme cartilage 509:517 arg1 matrix 519:524 cartilage matrix 509:524 cartilage matrix 509:524 Visualization of sulfation within cartilage matrix would yield vital insights into its biological roles. 26985789 3 70 theme specific 450:457 arg1 residues 465:472 specific sugar residues 450:472 specific sugar residues 450:472 Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. 26985789 9 71 theme protein 1433:1439 arg1 levels 1423:1428 increased levels 1413:1428 increased levels of protein 1413:1439 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 7 72 theme ester 1014:1018 arg1 levels 1020:1025 sulfate ester levels 1006:1025 sulfate ester levels 1006:1025 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 2 73 theme osteoarthritis 357:370 arg1 feature 328:334 a main feature 321:334 a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis 321:370 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 2 73 theme osteoarthritis 357:370 arg1 loss 313:316 their loss 307:316 their loss 307:316 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 9 74 dep transform 1376:1384 arg1 infrared 1386:1393 infrared 1386:1393 transform infrared imaging 1376:1401 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 8 75 theme synthesis 1178:1186 arg1 mutant 1188:1193 the PG synthesis mutant 1171:1193 the PG synthesis mutant 1171:1193 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 6 76 theme cartilage 908:916 arg1 content 932:938 cartilage matrix sulfur content 908:938 cartilage matrix sulfur content 908:938 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 3 77 theme sulfation-sulfate 411:427 arg1 formation 435:443 sulfation-sulfate ester formation 411:443 sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues 411:472 Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. 26985789 4 78 theme biological 562:571 arg1 roles 573:577 its biological roles 558:577 its biological roles 558:577 Visualization of sulfation within cartilage matrix would yield vital insights into its biological roles. 26985789 2 79 theme main 323:326 arg1 feature 328:334 a main feature 321:334 a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis 321:370 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 2 79 theme main 323:326 arg1 loss 313:316 their loss 307:316 their loss 307:316 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 7 80 theme Genetic 973:979 arg1 experiments 981:991 Genetic experiments 973:991 Genetic experiments 973:991 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 8 81 theme total 1200:1204 arg1 level 1206:1210 the total level 1196:1210 the total level of sulfur 1196:1220 Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. 26985789 7 82 theme sulfate 1006:1012 arg1 levels 1020:1025 sulfate ester levels 1006:1025 sulfate ester levels 1006:1025 Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 9 83 theme sulfur 1494:1499 arg1 form 1501:1504 this alternative sulfur form 1477:1504 this alternative sulfur form 1477:1504 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 9 83 theme sulfur 1494:1499 arg1 part 1590:1593 part 1590:1593 part of a compensatory mechanism 1590:1621 Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism. 26985789 0 84 dep Biology 9:15 arg1 Imaging 40:46 In Situ Imaging 32:46 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 0:124 Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. 26985789 6 85 theme sulfate 761:767 arg1 esters 769:774 sulfate esters 761:774 sulfate esters 761:774 Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. 26985789 2 86 theme joint 343:347 arg1 osteoarthritis 357:370 the joint disease osteoarthritis 339:370 the joint disease osteoarthritis 339:370 Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. 26985789 1 87 theme many 231:234 arg1 tissues 236:242 many tissues 231:242 many tissues 231:242 Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. 26684883 6 0 dep hydrogel 954:961 arg1 the 950:952 the 950:952 the 950:952 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 8 1 theme viability 1278:1286 arg1 level 1265:1269 an acceptable level 1251:1269 an acceptable level of MSC viability 1251:1286 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 6 2 theme cellular 971:978 arg1 viability 980:988 the cellular viability 967:988 the cellular viability 967:988 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 7 3 theme results 1040:1046 arg1 light 1017:1021 the light 1013:1021 the light of the viability results 1013:1046 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 4 4 theme viscosity 642:650 arg1 mode 606:609 oscillation mode 594:609 oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity 594:650 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 0 5 theme stem 102:105 arg1 cells 107:111 mesenchymal stem cells 90:111 mesenchymal stem cells 90:111 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 0 6 from Influence 0:8 arg1 viability 77:85 viability 77:85 viability of mesenchymal stem cells 77:111 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 0 7 theme mesenchymal 90:100 arg1 cells 107:111 mesenchymal stem cells 90:111 mesenchymal stem cells 90:111 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 7 8 theme hydrogel 1072:1079 arg1 composition 1053:1063 the composition 1049:1063 the composition of the hydrogel 1049:1079 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 7 8 theme hydrogel 1072:1079 arg1 related 1085:1091 related 1085:1091 related 1085:1091 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 4 9 from measurements 578:589 arg1 mode 606:609 oscillation mode 594:609 oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity 594:650 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 7 10 from light 1017:1021 arg1 composition 1053:1063 the composition 1049:1063 the composition of the hydrogel 1049:1079 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 7 10 from light 1017:1021 arg1 related 1085:1091 related 1085:1091 related 1085:1091 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 6 11 theme hydrogel 954:961 arg1 properties 936:945 the viscoelastic properties 919:945 the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC 919:995 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 5 12 theme Biological 694:703 arg1 tests 705:709 Biological tests 694:709 Biological tests 694:709 Biological tests are carried out for the measurement of the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels. 26684883 3 13 dep METHODS 362:368 arg1 formulations 378:389 Several formulations 370:389 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) 362:429 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 3 13 dep METHODS 362:368 arg1 candidates 391:400 candidates 391:400 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) 362:429 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 4 14 theme Rheological 566:576 arg1 measurements 578:589 Rheological measurements 566:589 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity 566:650 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 1 15 dep BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 involved 149:156 involved 149:156 is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 146:227 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 8 16 theme useful 1144:1149 arg1 relations 1130:1138 such relations 1125:1138 such relations 1125:1138 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 8 16 theme useful 1144:1149 arg1 tools 1151:1155 useful tools 1144:1155 useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability 1144:1286 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 3 17 theme hydrogel 409:416 arg1 candidates 391:400 candidates 391:400 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) 362:429 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 0 18 theme cells 107:111 arg1 viability 77:85 viability 77:85 viability of mesenchymal stem cells 77:111 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 6 19 theme MSC 993:995 arg1 hydrogel 954:961 hydrogel 954:961 hydrogel 954:961 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 6 19 theme MSC 993:995 arg1 viability 980:988 the cellular viability 967:988 the cellular viability 967:988 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 2 20 theme biomaterial 349:359 arg1 composition 330:340 the composition 326:340 the composition of the biomaterial 326:359 Here, MSC encapsulation in a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) is investigated to optimize the composition of the biomaterial. 26684883 5 21 theme cell 754:757 arg1 viability 759:767 the cell viability 750:767 the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels 750:804 Biological tests are carried out for the measurement of the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels. 26684883 6 22 theme biological 831:840 arg1 findings 842:849 Rheological and biological findings 815:849 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings 807:849 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 3 23 theme Several 370:376 arg1 formulations 378:389 Several formulations 370:389 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) 362:429 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 4 24 theme modulus 622:628 arg1 mode 606:609 oscillation mode 594:609 oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity 594:650 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 5 25 theme viability 759:767 arg1 measurement 735:745 the measurement 731:745 the measurement of the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels 731:804 Biological tests are carried out for the measurement of the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels. 26684883 1 26 theme biotherapy 182:191 arg1 framework 165:173 the framework 161:173 the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 161:227 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 0 27 theme properties 26:35 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 0:112 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 8 28 theme acceptable 1254:1263 arg1 level 1265:1269 an acceptable level 1251:1269 an acceptable level of MSC viability 1251:1286 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 7 29 theme viability 1030:1038 arg1 results 1040:1046 the viability results 1026:1046 the viability results 1026:1046 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 2 30 theme hyaluronic 277:286 arg1 HA 294:295 HA 294:295 HA 294:295 Here, MSC encapsulation in a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) is investigated to optimize the composition of the biomaterial. 26684883 2 30 theme hyaluronic 277:286 arg1 acid 288:291 hyaluronic acid 277:291 hyaluronic acid (HA) 277:296 Here, MSC encapsulation in a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) is investigated to optimize the composition of the biomaterial. 26684883 0 31 theme viscoelastic 13:24 arg1 properties 26:35 viscoelastic properties 13:35 viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel 13:72 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 3 32 theme MSC 471:473 arg1 culture 475:481 the 3D MSC culture 464:481 the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment 464:563 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 8 33 theme MSC 1274:1276 arg1 viability 1278:1286 MSC viability 1274:1286 MSC viability 1274:1286 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 2 34 from encapsulation 240:252 arg1 hydrogel 259:266 a hydrogel 257:266 a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) 257:296 Here, MSC encapsulation in a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) is investigated to optimize the composition of the biomaterial. 26684883 1 35 theme mesenchymal 199:209 arg1 MSCs 223:226 MSCs 223:226 MSCs 223:226 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 1 35 theme mesenchymal 199:209 arg1 cells 216:220 mesenchymal stem cells 199:220 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 199:227 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 7 36 theme MSC 1100:1102 arg1 proliferation 1104:1116 the MSC proliferation 1096:1116 the MSC proliferation 1096:1116 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 6 37 theme viscoelastic 923:934 arg1 properties 936:945 the viscoelastic properties 919:945 the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC 919:995 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 4 38 theme oscillation 594:604 arg1 mode 606:609 oscillation mode 594:609 oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity 594:650 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 3 39 dep in 536:537 arg1 vivo 539:542 vivo 539:542 vivo 539:542 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 1 40 theme stem 211:214 arg1 MSCs 223:226 MSCs 223:226 MSCs 223:226 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 1 40 theme stem 211:214 arg1 cells 216:220 mesenchymal stem cells 199:220 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 199:227 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 6 41 dep RESULTS 807:813 arg1 findings 842:849 Rheological and biological findings 815:849 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings 807:849 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 8 42 theme hydrogels 1226:1234 arg1 design 1210:1215 the design 1206:1215 the design of their hydrogels 1206:1234 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 3 43 theme in 536:537 arg1 environment 553:563 the in vivo cellular environment 532:563 the in vivo cellular environment 532:563 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 3 44 from 9 419:419 arg1 total 424:428 total 424:428 total 424:428 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 0 45 theme acid-based 54:63 arg1 hydrogel 65:72 an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel 40:72 an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel 40:72 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 7 46 dep CONCLUSIONS 998:1008 arg1 composition 1053:1063 the composition 1049:1063 the composition of the hydrogel 1049:1079 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 7 46 dep CONCLUSIONS 998:1008 arg1 related 1085:1091 related 1085:1091 related 1085:1091 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 5 47 theme MSC 772:774 arg1 viability 759:767 the cell viability 750:767 the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels 750:804 Biological tests are carried out for the measurement of the cell viability of MSC encapsulated in the hydrogels. 26684883 3 48 dep hydrogel 409:416 arg1 9 419:419 9 419:419 9 419:419 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 0 49 theme hyaluronic 43:52 arg1 hydrogel 65:72 an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel 40:72 an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel 40:72 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 8 50 from flexibility 1191:1201 arg1 design 1210:1215 the design 1206:1215 the design of their hydrogels 1206:1234 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 4 51 theme complex 614:620 arg1 modulus 622:628 complex modulus 614:628 complex modulus 614:628 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 7 52 from related 1085:1091 arg1 light 1017:1021 the light 1013:1021 the light of the viability results 1013:1046 CONCLUSIONS In the light of the viability results, the composition of the hydrogel was related to the MSC proliferation. 26684883 1 53 theme present 129:135 arg1 research 137:144 The present research 125:144 The present research 125:144 BACKGROUND The present research is involved in the framework of the biotherapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26684883 2 54 theme MSC 236:238 arg1 encapsulation 240:252 MSC encapsulation 236:252 MSC encapsulation in a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) 236:296 Here, MSC encapsulation in a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) is investigated to optimize the composition of the biomaterial. 26684883 4 55 theme different 673:681 arg1 hydrogels 683:691 the different hydrogels 669:691 the different hydrogels 669:691 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 6 56 theme Rheological 815:825 arg1 findings 842:849 Rheological and biological findings 815:849 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings 807:849 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26684883 8 57 theme such 1125:1128 arg1 relations 1130:1138 such relations 1125:1138 such relations 1125:1138 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 8 57 theme such 1125:1128 arg1 tools 1151:1155 useful tools 1144:1155 useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability 1144:1286 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 4 58 theme complex 634:640 arg1 viscosity 642:650 complex viscosity 634:650 complex viscosity 634:650 Rheological measurements in oscillation mode of complex modulus and complex viscosity are performed on the different hydrogels. 26684883 8 59 theme more 1186:1189 arg1 flexibility 1191:1201 them more flexibility 1181:1201 them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels 1181:1234 Thus, such relations are useful tools for scientists offering them more flexibility in the design of their hydrogels while ensuring an acceptable level of MSC viability. 26684883 0 60 theme hydrogel 65:72 arg1 properties 26:35 viscoelastic properties 13:35 viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel 13:72 Influence of viscoelastic properties of an hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel on viability of mesenchymal stem cells. 26684883 3 61 theme cellular 544:551 arg1 environment 553:563 the in vivo cellular environment 532:563 the in vivo cellular environment 532:563 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 3 62 theme 3D 468:469 arg1 culture 475:481 the 3D MSC culture 464:481 the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment 464:563 METHODS Several formulations candidates of the hydrogel (9 in total) are postulated as a scaffold for the 3D MSC culture in order to investigate their potential to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. 26684883 6 63 theme viability 980:988 arg1 properties 936:945 the viscoelastic properties 919:945 the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC 919:995 RESULTS Rheological and biological findings are correlated together in order to establish relationships between the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel and the cellular viability of MSC. 26349395 0 0 theme Composition 79:89 arg1 Consequences 100:111 Its Consequences 96:111 Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 96:158 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 0 0 theme Composition 79:89 arg1 Effects 53:59 Effects 53:59 Effects of Culture Medium Composition 53:89 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 0 1 from Formation 15:23 arg1 Nanoparticles 38:50 Magnetite Nanoparticles 28:50 Magnetite Nanoparticles 28:50 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 1 2 theme physicochemical 165:179 arg1 properties 181:190 The physicochemical properties 161:190 The physicochemical properties 161:190 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 0 3 theme Medium 72:77 arg1 Composition 79:89 Culture Medium Composition 64:89 Culture Medium Composition 64:89 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 4 4 theme potential 695:703 arg1 measurement 705:715 ζ (zeta) potential measurement 686:715 ζ (zeta) potential measurement 686:715 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 1 5 theme inter- 280:285 arg1 action 287:292 their inter- action 274:292 their inter- action 274:292 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 2 6 theme NP 551:552 arg1 effects 560:566 NP toxic effects 551:566 NP toxic effects 551:566 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 4 7 theme actual 797:802 arg1 charge 804:809 the actual charge 793:809 the actual charge 793:809 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 4 8 theme culture 838:844 arg1 medium 846:851 the cell culture medium 829:851 the cell culture medium used 829:856 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 6 9 theme unadsorbed 1051:1060 arg1 proteins 1062:1069 unadsorbed proteins 1051:1069 unadsorbed proteins 1051:1069 The Bradford assay revealed that the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules decreased when the SPION concentration increased. 26349395 0 10 from Effects 53:59 arg1 Cytotoxicity 147:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 8 11 theme adsorbed 1364:1371 arg1 proteins 1373:1380 the adsorbed proteins 1360:1380 the adsorbed proteins 1360:1380 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 6 12 theme SPION 1113:1117 arg1 concentration 1119:1131 the SPION concentration 1109:1131 the SPION concentration 1109:1131 The Bradford assay revealed that the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules decreased when the SPION concentration increased. 26349395 8 13 theme ion 1308:1310 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 13 theme ion 1308:1310 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 14 theme time-of-flight 1283:1296 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 14 theme time-of-flight 1283:1296 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 6 15 theme proteins 1062:1069 arg1 concentration 1034:1046 the concentration 1030:1046 the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules 1030:1092 The Bradford assay revealed that the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules decreased when the SPION concentration increased. 26349395 6 16 theme biomolecules 1081:1092 arg1 concentration 1034:1046 the concentration 1030:1046 the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules 1030:1092 The Bradford assay revealed that the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules decreased when the SPION concentration increased. 26349395 8 17 theme laser 1255:1259 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 17 theme laser 1255:1259 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 7 18 theme NP 1206:1207 arg1 surface 1209:1215 the NP surface 1202:1215 the NP surface 1202:1215 FTIR showed that the proteins were, indeed, adsorbed onto the NP surface. 26349395 11 19 theme SPION/protein 1763:1775 arg1 interactions 1777:1788 SPION/protein interactions 1763:1788 SPION/protein interactions 1763:1788 We have shown that the application of complementary methods has provided novel insights into SPION/protein interactions. 26349395 1 20 theme potential 196:204 arg1 cytotoxicity 206:217 potential cytotoxicity 196:217 potential cytotoxicity 196:217 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 0 21 theme Corona 8:13 arg1 Formation 15:23 Protein Corona Formation 0:23 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 0:159 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 5 22 dep In 859:860 arg1 vitro 862:866 vitro 862:866 vitro 862:866 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 8 23 theme desorption/ionization 1261:1281 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 23 theme desorption/ionization 1261:1281 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 5 24 theme adsorption 876:885 arg1 studies 887:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies 859:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies 859:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 0 25 theme Protein 0:6 arg1 Formation 15:23 Protein Corona Formation 0:23 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 0:159 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 10 26 theme culture 1615:1621 arg1 media 1623:1627 the culture media 1611:1627 the culture media 1611:1627 In summary, we found that corona formation on the SPIONs depends on the composition of the culture media but has no consequence for nanotoxicity. 26349395 11 27 theme methods 1722:1728 arg1 application 1693:1703 the application 1689:1703 the application of complementary methods 1689:1728 We have shown that the application of complementary methods has provided novel insights into SPION/protein interactions. 26349395 5 28 theme protein 868:874 arg1 studies 887:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies 859:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies 859:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 8 29 theme secondary 1298:1306 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 29 theme secondary 1298:1306 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 4 30 theme ζ 686:686 arg1 measurement 705:715 ζ (zeta) potential measurement 686:715 ζ (zeta) potential measurement 686:715 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 0 31 theme Superparamagnetic 116:132 arg1 Cytotoxicity 147:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 5 32 dep Fourier 949:955 arg1 transform 957:965 transform 957:965 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 957:994 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 2 33 theme oxide 454:458 arg1 SPIONs 475:480 SPIONs 475:480 SPIONs 475:480 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 2 33 theme oxide 454:458 arg1 nanoparticles 460:472 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 431:472 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 431:481 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 2 34 theme cell 497:500 arg1 media 510:514 different cell culture media 487:514 different cell culture media 487:514 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 10 35 theme corona 1550:1555 arg1 formation 1557:1565 corona formation 1550:1565 corona formation on the SPIONs 1550:1579 In summary, we found that corona formation on the SPIONs depends on the composition of the culture media but has no consequence for nanotoxicity. 26349395 2 36 theme iron 449:452 arg1 SPIONs 475:480 SPIONs 475:480 SPIONs 475:480 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 2 36 theme iron 449:452 arg1 nanoparticles 460:472 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 431:472 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 431:481 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 2 37 theme culture 502:508 arg1 media 510:514 different cell culture media 487:514 different cell culture media 487:514 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 4 38 theme size 665:668 arg1 distribution 670:681 the hydrodynamic size distribution 648:681 the hydrodynamic size distribution 648:681 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 6 39 theme other 1075:1079 arg1 biomolecules 1081:1092 other biomolecules 1075:1092 other biomolecules 1075:1092 The Bradford assay revealed that the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules decreased when the SPION concentration increased. 26349395 2 40 theme superparamagnetic 431:447 arg1 SPIONs 475:480 SPIONs 475:480 SPIONs 475:480 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 2 40 theme superparamagnetic 431:447 arg1 nanoparticles 460:472 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 431:472 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 431:481 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 0 41 theme Magnetite 28:36 arg1 Nanoparticles 38:50 Magnetite Nanoparticles 28:50 Magnetite Nanoparticles 28:50 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 0 42 theme Nanoparticle 134:145 arg1 Cytotoxicity 147:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 6 43 theme Bradford 1001:1008 arg1 assay 1010:1014 The Bradford assay 997:1014 The Bradford assay 997:1014 The Bradford assay revealed that the concentration of unadsorbed proteins and other biomolecules decreased when the SPION concentration increased. 26349395 1 44 with action 287:292 arg1 proteins 299:306 proteins 299:306 proteins 299:306 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 4 45 theme hydrodynamic 652:663 arg1 size 665:668 the hydrodynamic size 648:668 the hydrodynamic size distribution 648:681 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 2 46 theme different 487:495 arg1 media 510:514 different cell culture media 487:514 different cell culture media 487:514 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 1 47 theme corona 326:331 arg1 formation 333:341 corona formation 326:341 corona formation 326:341 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 10 48 from formation 1557:1565 arg1 SPIONs 1574:1579 the SPIONs 1570:1579 the SPIONs 1570:1579 In summary, we found that corona formation on the SPIONs depends on the composition of the culture media but has no consequence for nanotoxicity. 26349395 3 49 theme complementary 592:604 arg1 methods 606:612 complementary methods 592:612 complementary methods 592:612 To address this issue, complementary methods were used. 26349395 8 50 theme MALDI 1331:1335 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 50 theme MALDI 1331:1335 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 2 51 theme toxic 554:558 arg1 effects 560:566 NP toxic effects 551:566 NP toxic effects 551:566 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 9 52 theme different 1401:1409 arg1 assays 1426:1431 three different cell viability assays 1395:1431 three different cell viability assays 1395:1431 Ultimately, three different cell viability assays led to the conclusion that the SPIONs were not toxic for all the concentrations used here. 26349395 0 53 from Consequences 100:111 arg1 Cytotoxicity 147:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 116:158 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 4 54 theme cell 833:836 arg1 medium 846:851 the cell culture medium 829:851 the cell culture medium used 829:856 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 5 55 theme Bradford 922:929 arg1 assay 939:943 the Bradford protein assay 918:943 the Bradford protein assay 918:943 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 9 56 theme cell 1411:1414 arg1 assays 1426:1431 three different cell viability assays 1395:1431 three different cell viability assays 1395:1431 Ultimately, three different cell viability assays led to the conclusion that the SPIONs were not toxic for all the concentrations used here. 26349395 2 57 contain have 521:524 arg2 consequences 526:537 consequences 526:537 consequences 526:537 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 2 57 contain have 521:524 arg1 formation 384:392 corona formation 377:392 corona formation 377:392 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 3 58 used used 619:622 arg2 methods 606:612 complementary methods 592:612 complementary methods 592:612 To address this issue, complementary methods were used. 26349395 9 59 theme viability 1416:1424 arg1 assays 1426:1431 three different cell viability assays 1395:1431 three different cell viability assays 1395:1431 Ultimately, three different cell viability assays led to the conclusion that the SPIONs were not toxic for all the concentrations used here. 26349395 8 60 theme mass 1312:1315 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 60 theme mass 1312:1315 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 11 61 theme complementary 1708:1720 arg1 methods 1722:1728 complementary methods 1708:1728 complementary methods 1708:1728 We have shown that the application of complementary methods has provided novel insights into SPION/protein interactions. 26349395 0 62 dep Formation 15:23 arg1 Effects 53:59 Effects 53:59 Effects of Culture Medium Composition 53:89 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 0 62 dep Formation 15:23 arg1 Consequences 100:111 Its Consequences 96:111 Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity 96:158 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 4 63 theme zeta 689:692 arg1 measurement 705:715 ζ (zeta) potential measurement 686:715 ζ (zeta) potential measurement 686:715 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 5 64 theme protein 931:937 arg1 assay 939:943 the Bradford protein assay 918:943 the Bradford protein assay 918:943 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 0 65 theme Culture 64:70 arg1 Composition 79:89 Culture Medium Composition 64:89 Culture Medium Composition 64:89 Protein Corona Formation on Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of Culture Medium Composition, and Its Consequences on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. 26349395 5 66 theme In 859:860 arg1 studies 887:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies 859:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies 859:893 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 1 67 theme nanoparticles 222:234 arg1 cytotoxicity 206:217 potential cytotoxicity 196:217 potential cytotoxicity 196:217 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 1 67 theme nanoparticles 222:234 arg1 properties 181:190 The physicochemical properties 161:190 The physicochemical properties 161:190 The physicochemical properties and potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are significantly influenced by their inter- action with proteins, which results in corona formation. 26349395 5 68 dep transform 957:965 arg1 infrared 967:974 infrared 967:974 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 957:994 In vitro protein adsorption studies were carried out using the Bradford protein assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26349395 4 69 theme distribution 670:681 arg1 mination 636:643 The deter- mination 625:643 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement 625:715 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 26349395 11 70 theme novel 1743:1747 arg1 insights 1749:1756 novel insights 1743:1756 novel insights into SPION/protein interactions 1743:1788 We have shown that the application of complementary methods has provided novel insights into SPION/protein interactions. 26349395 10 71 theme media 1623:1627 arg1 composition 1596:1606 the composition 1592:1606 the composition of the culture media 1592:1627 In summary, we found that corona formation on the SPIONs depends on the composition of the culture media but has no consequence for nanotoxicity. 26349395 8 72 theme matrix-assisted 1239:1253 arg1 TOF-SIMS 1337:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 MALDI TOF-SIMS 1331:1344 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 8 72 theme matrix-assisted 1239:1253 arg1 spectrometry 1317:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 1239:1328 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS) 1239:1345 This was followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-SIMS), to identify the adsorbed proteins. 26349395 10 73 contain has 1633:1635 arg1 formation 1557:1565 corona formation 1550:1565 corona formation on the SPIONs 1550:1579 In summary, we found that corona formation on the SPIONs depends on the composition of the culture media but has no consequence for nanotoxicity. 26349395 10 73 contain has 1633:1635 arg2 consequence 1640:1650 no consequence 1637:1650 no consequence for nanotoxicity 1637:1667 In summary, we found that corona formation on the SPIONs depends on the composition of the culture media but has no consequence for nanotoxicity. 26349395 2 74 theme corona 377:382 arg1 formation 384:392 corona formation 377:392 corona formation 377:392 Here, we have determined whether corona formation, resulting from interactions between superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and different cell culture media, may have consequences for driving NP toxic effects. 26349395 4 75 theme deter- 629:634 arg1 mination 636:643 The deter- mination 625:643 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement 625:715 The deter- mination of the hydrodynamic size distribution by ζ (zeta) potential measurement indicated that SPIONs were negatively charged under all conditions but that the actual charge was differed with the cell culture medium used. 28374927 5 0 theme residual 864:871 arg1 stress 873:878 residual stress 864:878 residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 864:923 This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface. 28374927 4 1 theme mechanical 650:659 arg1 contrast 661:668 the extreme mechanical contrast 638:668 the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase 638:726 This fact is originally due to the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase. 28374927 4 2 theme extreme 642:648 arg1 contrast 661:668 the extreme mechanical contrast 638:668 the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase 638:726 This fact is originally due to the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase. 28374927 7 3 theme crack 1197:1201 arg1 propagation 1203:1213 the crack propagation 1193:1213 the crack propagation 1193:1213 Furthermore, the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface induces the crack propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface, which remarkably retards the crack propagation during the stretch. 28374927 2 4 theme gradual 332:338 arg1 dissociation 340:351 their gradual dissociation 326:351 their gradual dissociation 326:351 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 6 5 theme complexes 1038:1046 arg1 reassociation 980:992 the reassociation 976:992 the reassociation of the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes 976:1046 Thus, this swelling-induced heterogeneity resists the reassociation of the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes. 28374927 4 6 theme flexible 705:712 arg1 phase 722:726 the flexible polymer phase 701:726 the flexible polymer phase 701:726 This fact is originally due to the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase. 28374927 2 7 dep conjunctions 309:320 arg1 The 268:270 The 268:270 The 268:270 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 5 8 theme nanocrystal-polymer 895:913 arg1 interface 915:923 the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 883:923 the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 883:923 This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface. 28374927 6 9 theme β-cyclodextrin/adamantane 1012:1036 arg1 complexes 1038:1046 the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes 997:1046 the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes 997:1046 Thus, this swelling-induced heterogeneity resists the reassociation of the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes. 28374927 1 10 theme novel 85:89 arg1 hydrogel 115:122 novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel 85:122 novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers 85:152 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 0 11 theme Heterogeneous 7:19 arg1 Hydrogels 21:29 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels 0:29 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 0:73 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 28374927 6 12 theme sacrificed 1001:1010 arg1 complexes 1038:1046 the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes 997:1046 the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes 997:1046 Thus, this swelling-induced heterogeneity resists the reassociation of the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes. 28374927 1 13 theme heterogeneous 91:103 arg1 hydrogel 115:122 novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel 85:122 novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers 85:152 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 1 14 theme preorganized 190:201 arg1 interaction 214:224 the preorganized host-guest interaction 186:224 the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals 186:265 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 0 15 theme Robust 0:5 arg1 Hydrogels 21:29 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels 0:29 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 0:73 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 28374927 7 16 theme nanocrystal-polymer 1075:1093 arg1 interface 1095:1103 the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface 1062:1103 the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface 1062:1103 Furthermore, the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface induces the crack propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface, which remarkably retards the crack propagation during the stretch. 28374927 1 17 theme composite 105:113 arg1 hydrogel 115:122 novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel 85:122 novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers 85:152 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 2 18 theme hydrogels 456:464 arg1 compressibility 404:418 compressibility 404:418 compressibility 404:418 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 2 18 theme hydrogels 456:464 arg1 stretchability 424:437 stretchability 424:437 stretchability 424:437 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 4 19 theme rigid 678:682 arg1 nanocrystals 684:695 rigid nanocrystals 678:695 rigid nanocrystals 678:695 This fact is originally due to the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase. 28374927 1 20 theme hydrogel 115:122 arg1 kind 77:80 A kind 75:80 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers 75:152 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 4 21 theme polymer 714:720 arg1 phase 722:726 the flexible polymer phase 701:726 the flexible polymer phase 701:726 This fact is originally due to the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase. 28374927 2 22 theme nanocrystal-polymer 360:378 arg1 interface 380:388 the nanocrystal-polymer interface 356:388 the nanocrystal-polymer interface 356:388 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 2 23 dep compressibility 404:418 arg1 the 400:402 the 400:402 the 400:402 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 2 24 from conjunctions 309:320 arg1 interface 380:388 the nanocrystal-polymer interface 356:388 the nanocrystal-polymer interface 356:388 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 3 25 theme swollen 588:594 arg1 hydrogels 596:604 the swollen hydrogels 584:604 the swollen hydrogels 584:604 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 0 26 theme Nanocrystal-Polymer 44:62 arg1 Interface 64:72 Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface 36:72 Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface 36:72 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 28374927 5 27 theme polymer 794:800 arg1 chains 802:807 polymer chains 794:807 polymer chains 794:807 This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface. 28374927 1 28 theme host-guest 203:212 arg1 interaction 214:224 the preorganized host-guest interaction 186:224 the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals 186:265 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 3 29 theme as-prepared 531:541 arg1 hydrogels 543:551 the as-prepared hydrogels 527:551 the as-prepared hydrogels 527:551 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 0 30 theme Dynamic 36:42 arg1 Interface 64:72 Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface 36:72 Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface 36:72 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 28374927 3 31 theme sacrificed 477:486 arg1 mechanism 499:507 the sacrificed toughening mechanism 473:507 the sacrificed toughening mechanism 473:507 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 3 31 theme sacrificed 477:486 arg1 rebuilt 516:522 rebuilt 516:522 rebuilt 516:522 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 0 32 with Hydrogels 21:29 arg1 Interface 64:72 Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface 36:72 Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface 36:72 Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal-Polymer Interface. 28374927 1 33 theme dynamic 129:135 arg1 nanocrosslinkers 137:152 dynamic nanocrosslinkers 129:152 dynamic nanocrosslinkers 129:152 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 3 34 theme toughening 488:497 arg1 mechanism 499:507 the sacrificed toughening mechanism 473:507 the sacrificed toughening mechanism 473:507 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 3 34 theme toughening 488:497 arg1 rebuilt 516:522 rebuilt 516:522 rebuilt 516:522 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 1 35 from interaction 214:224 arg1 surface 233:239 the surface 229:239 the surface of cellulose nanocrystals 229:265 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 7 36 dep crack 1117:1121 arg1 propagate 1123:1131 propagate 1123:1131 propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface 1123:1165 Furthermore, the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface induces the crack propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface, which remarkably retards the crack propagation during the stretch. 28374927 5 37 from stress 873:878 arg1 interface 915:923 the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 883:923 the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 883:923 This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface. 28374927 7 38 theme unstable 1066:1073 arg1 interface 1095:1103 the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface 1062:1103 the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface 1062:1103 Furthermore, the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface induces the crack propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface, which remarkably retards the crack propagation during the stretch. 28374927 5 39 theme swelling 776:783 arg1 process 785:791 the swelling process 772:791 the swelling process 772:791 This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface. 28374927 6 40 theme swelling-induced 937:952 arg1 heterogeneity 954:966 this swelling-induced heterogeneity 932:966 this swelling-induced heterogeneity 932:966 Thus, this swelling-induced heterogeneity resists the reassociation of the sacrificed β-cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes. 28374927 2 41 theme β-cyclodextrin/adamantane 283:307 arg1 conjunctions 309:320 reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions 272:320 reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions 272:320 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 2 42 from dissociation 340:351 arg1 interface 380:388 the nanocrystal-polymer interface 356:388 the nanocrystal-polymer interface 356:388 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 1 43 theme cellulose 244:252 arg1 nanocrystals 254:265 cellulose nanocrystals 244:265 cellulose nanocrystals 244:265 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 2 44 theme reversible 272:281 arg1 conjunctions 309:320 reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions 272:320 reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions 272:320 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 3 45 from rebuilt 516:522 arg1 hydrogels 543:551 the as-prepared hydrogels 527:551 the as-prepared hydrogels 527:551 While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as-prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. 28374927 2 46 theme composite 446:454 arg1 hydrogels 456:464 the composite hydrogels 442:464 the composite hydrogels 442:464 The reversible β-cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal-polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. 28374927 1 47 theme nanocrystals 254:265 arg1 surface 233:239 the surface 229:239 the surface of cellulose nanocrystals 229:265 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28374927 5 48 theme dynamic 887:893 arg1 interface 915:923 the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 883:923 the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface 883:923 This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal-polymer interface. 28374927 7 49 theme nanocrosslinker 1143:1157 arg1 surface 1159:1165 the nanocrosslinker surface 1139:1165 the nanocrosslinker surface 1139:1165 Furthermore, the unstable nanocrystal-polymer interface induces the crack propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface, which remarkably retards the crack propagation during the stretch. 28374927 1 50 with hydrogel 115:122 arg1 nanocrosslinkers 137:152 dynamic nanocrosslinkers 129:152 dynamic nanocrosslinkers 129:152 A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host-guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. 28951563 1 0 theme printed 330:336 arg1 molecules 348:356 printed bioactive molecules 330:356 printed bioactive molecules 330:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 2 1 theme sample 568:573 arg1 enrichment 575:584 sample enrichment 568:584 sample enrichment 568:584 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 1 2 theme composite 143:151 arg1 ink 153:155 a composite ink 141:155 a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules 141:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 3 3 theme resource-limited 824:839 arg1 regions 841:847 resource-limited regions 824:847 resource-limited regions 824:847 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 1 4 theme bioactive 338:346 arg1 molecules 348:356 printed bioactive molecules 330:356 printed bioactive molecules 330:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 3 5 from testing 725:731 arg1 site 736:739 site 736:739 site 736:739 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 2 6 theme detection 500:508 arg1 limit 491:495 a limit 489:495 a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL 489:524 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 2 7 theme matrixes 550:557 arg1 variety 532:538 a variety 530:538 a variety of sample matrixes 530:557 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 2 7 theme matrixes 550:557 arg1 matrixes 550:557 sample matrixes 543:557 sample matrixes 543:557 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 3 8 theme simple 680:685 arg1 paper 687:691 this simple paper sensor 675:698 this simple paper sensor 675:698 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 1 9 dep E. 117:118 arg1 coli 120:123 coli 120:123 coli 120:123 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 0 10 theme Printed 2:8 arg1 Sensor 31:36 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor 0:36 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection 0:60 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection. 28951563 1 11 theme simple 76:81 arg1 sensor 106:111 a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor 74:111 a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules 74:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 1 12 theme whole 262:266 arg1 cells 278:282 whole bacterial cells 262:282 whole bacterial cells 262:282 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 1 13 theme all-in-one 83:92 arg1 sensor 106:111 a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor 74:111 a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules 74:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 1 14 theme fluorogenic 167:177 arg1 probe 187:191 a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe 165:191 a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation 165:239 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 0 15 theme Paper 25:29 arg1 Sensor 31:36 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor 0:36 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection 0:60 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection. 28951563 1 16 theme bacterial 268:276 arg1 cells 278:282 whole bacterial cells 262:282 whole bacterial cells 262:282 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 1 17 theme paper-based 94:104 arg1 sensor 106:111 a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor 74:111 a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules 74:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 1 18 theme DNAzyme 179:185 arg1 probe 187:191 a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe 165:191 a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation 165:239 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 0 19 theme Multicomponent 10:23 arg1 Sensor 31:36 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor 0:36 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection 0:60 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection. 28951563 2 20 theme cells/mL 517:524 arg1 detection 500:508 detection 500:508 detection of 100 cells/mL 500:524 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 2 21 theme fluorescence 402:413 arg1 signal 415:420 a fluorescence signal 400:420 a fluorescence signal 400:420 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 2 21 theme fluorescence 402:413 arg1 readout 427:433 a readout 425:433 a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli 425:474 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 1 22 theme bacterial 197:205 arg1 recognition 207:217 bacterial recognition 197:217 bacterial recognition 197:217 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 1 23 theme pullulan/trehalose 289:306 arg1 sugars 308:313 pullulan/trehalose sugars 289:313 pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules 289:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 2 24 theme sample 543:548 arg1 matrixes 550:557 sample matrixes 543:557 sample matrixes 543:557 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 3 25 theme rapid 709:713 arg1 testing 725:731 rapid bacterial testing 709:731 rapid bacterial testing on site 709:739 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 0 26 theme Bacterial 42:50 arg1 Detection 52:60 Bacterial Detection 42:60 Bacterial Detection 42:60 A Printed Multicomponent Paper Sensor for Bacterial Detection. 28951563 3 27 theme bacterial 715:723 arg1 testing 725:731 rapid bacterial testing 709:731 rapid bacterial testing on site 709:739 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 2 28 theme ambient 643:649 arg1 temperature 651:661 ambient temperature 643:661 ambient temperature 643:661 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 1 29 theme E. 117:118 arg1 detection 125:133 E. coli detection 117:133 E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules 117:356 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 3 30 theme ambient 778:784 arg1 conditions 786:795 ambient conditions 778:795 ambient conditions 778:795 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 1 31 theme signal 223:228 arg1 generation 230:239 signal generation 223:239 signal generation 223:239 We present a simple all-in-one paper-based sensor for E. coli detection using a composite ink made of a fluorogenic DNAzyme probe for bacterial recognition and signal generation, lysozyme that lyses whole bacterial cells, and pullulan/trehalose sugars that stabilize printed bioactive molecules. 28951563 3 32 dep paper 687:691 arg1 sensor 693:698 sensor 693:698 this simple paper sensor 675:698 Therefore, this simple paper sensor provides rapid bacterial testing on site, and can be shipped and stored under ambient conditions to benefit users living in resource-limited regions. 28951563 2 33 theme paper 363:367 arg1 capable 379:385 capable 379:385 capable 379:385 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 28951563 2 33 theme paper 363:367 arg1 sensor 369:374 The paper sensor 359:374 The paper sensor 359:374 The paper sensor is capable of producing a fluorescence signal as a readout within 5 minutes upon contacting E. coli, can achieve a limit of detection of 100 cells/mL, in a variety of sample matrixes, without sample enrichment, and remains stable for at least 6 months when stored at ambient temperature. 24906782 2 0 dep permeability 404:415 arg1 the 376:378 the 376:378 the 376:378 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 5 1 theme agar 784:787 arg1 film 789:792 agar film 784:792 agar film 784:792 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 3 2 theme FT-IR 613:617 arg1 methods 652:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 5 3 theme film 789:792 arg1 Properties 770:779 Properties 770:779 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 770:846 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 5 3 theme film 789:792 arg1 mechanical 802:811 mechanical 802:811 mechanical 802:811 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 5 3 theme film 789:792 arg1 vapor 823:827 water vapor 817:827 water vapor 817:827 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 7 4 theme biodegradable 1334:1346 arg1 materials 1363:1371 completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1323:1371 completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1323:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 2 5 theme nanocomposites 454:467 arg1 permeability 404:415 water vapor permeability 392:415 water vapor permeability (WVP) 392:421 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 5 theme nanocomposites 454:467 arg1 properties 436:445 thermal properties 428:445 thermal properties 428:445 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 5 theme nanocomposites 454:467 arg1 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 5 6 dep mechanical 802:811 arg1 properties 837:846 barrier properties 829:846 barrier properties 829:846 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 3 7 from Changes 483:489 arg1 crystallinity 541:553 crystallinity 541:553 crystallinity 541:553 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 3 7 from Changes 483:489 arg1 morphology 529:538 morphology 529:538 morphology 529:538 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 3 7 from Changes 483:489 arg1 structure 518:526 structure 518:526 structure 518:526 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 3 7 from Changes 483:489 arg1 properties 568:577 thermal properties 560:577 thermal properties of the films 560:590 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 2 8 theme CNC 326:328 arg1 content 330:336 CNC content 326:336 CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) 326:371 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 3 9 theme XRD 630:632 arg1 methods 652:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 4 10 theme nm 766:767 arg1 sizes 751:755 sizes 751:755 sizes of 50-60 nm 751:767 The CNC was composed of fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm. 24906782 5 11 dep improved 853:860 arg1 p<0.05 877:882 p<0.05 877:882 p<0.05 877:882 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 6 12 theme CNC 1135:1137 arg1 CNC 1135:1137 CNC 1135:1137 CNC 1135:1137 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 12 theme CNC 1135:1137 arg1 % 1130:1130 3 wt% 1126:1130 3 wt% of CNC 1126:1137 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 4 13 theme nano-cellulose 731:744 arg1 granules 719:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules 685:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm 685:767 The CNC was composed of fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm. 24906782 6 14 theme composite 1012:1020 arg1 film 1022:1025 the composite film 1008:1025 the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC 1008:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 1 15 theme bast 200:203 arg1 Siebold 191:197 Siebold 191:197 Siebold 191:197 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 1 15 theme bast 200:203 arg1 pulp 205:208 paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp 153:208 paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp 153:208 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 6 16 theme agar 955:958 arg1 film 960:963 agar film 955:963 agar film 955:963 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 3 17 theme SEM 625:627 arg1 methods 652:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 6 18 theme agar 1061:1064 arg1 film 1066:1069 agar film 1061:1069 agar film 1061:1069 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 5 19 theme water 817:821 arg1 vapor 823:827 water vapor 817:827 water vapor 817:827 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 2 20 theme water 392:396 arg1 permeability 404:415 water vapor permeability 392:415 water vapor permeability (WVP) 392:421 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 20 theme water 392:396 arg1 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 6 21 with film 1022:1025 arg1 % 1036:1036 5 wt% 1032:1036 5 wt% of CNC 1032:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 21 with film 1022:1025 arg1 CNC 1041:1043 CNC 1041:1043 CNC 1041:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 0 22 theme pulp 81:84 arg1 nanocellulose 86:98 paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose 66:98 paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose 66:98 Characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with agar and paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose. 24906782 1 23 theme Crystallized 101:112 arg1 nanocellulose 114:126 Crystallized nanocellulose 101:126 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) 101:132 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 1 23 theme Crystallized 101:112 arg1 CNC 129:131 CNC 129:131 CNC 129:131 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 2 24 theme wt 354:355 arg1 % 356:356 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% 339:356 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% 339:356 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 3 25 theme analysis 643:650 arg1 methods 652:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 2 26 dep content 330:336 arg1 % 356:356 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% 339:356 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% 339:356 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 6 27 theme tensile 935:941 arg1 strength 943:950 tensile strength 935:950 tensile strength 935:950 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 2 28 theme mechanical 380:389 arg1 permeability 404:415 water vapor permeability 392:415 water vapor permeability (WVP) 392:421 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 28 theme mechanical 380:389 arg1 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 1 29 theme bionanocomposite 288:303 arg1 films 305:309 bionanocomposite films 288:309 bionanocomposite films 288:309 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 6 30 theme CNC 1041:1043 arg1 % 1036:1036 5 wt% 1032:1036 5 wt% of CNC 1032:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 30 theme CNC 1041:1043 arg1 CNC 1041:1043 CNC 1041:1043 CNC 1041:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 5 31 theme barrier 829:835 arg1 properties 837:846 barrier properties 829:846 barrier properties 829:846 Properties of agar film such as mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were improved significantly (p<0.05) by blending with the CNC. 24906782 7 32 theme materials 1363:1371 arg1 development 1308:1318 the development 1304:1318 the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1304:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 0 33 theme bionanocomposite 20:35 arg1 films 37:41 bionanocomposite films 20:41 bionanocomposite films 20:41 Characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with agar and paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose. 24906782 6 34 theme wt 1128:1129 arg1 CNC 1135:1137 CNC 1135:1137 CNC 1135:1137 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 34 theme wt 1128:1129 arg1 % 1130:1130 3 wt% 1126:1130 3 wt% of CNC 1126:1137 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 35 theme film 960:963 arg1 modulus 923:929 The tensile modulus 911:929 The tensile modulus 911:929 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 35 theme film 960:963 arg1 strength 943:950 tensile strength 935:950 tensile strength 935:950 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 1 36 theme sulfuric 213:220 arg1 acid 222:225 sulfuric acid 213:225 sulfuric acid hydrolysis method 213:243 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 3 37 theme TGA 639:641 arg1 methods 652:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 6 38 theme tensile 915:921 arg1 modulus 923:929 The tensile modulus 911:929 The tensile modulus 911:929 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 7 39 contain have 1278:1281 arg2 potential 1290:1298 a high potential 1283:1298 a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1283:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 39 contain have 1278:1281 arg1 they 1273:1276 they 1273:1276 they 1273:1276 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 39 contain have 1278:1281 arg2 agent 1220:1224 a reinforcing agent 1206:1224 a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites 1206:1266 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 39 contain have 1278:1281 arg2 CNC 1144:1146 The CNC 1140:1146 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1140:1189 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 1 40 theme acid 222:225 arg1 method 238:243 sulfuric acid hydrolysis method 213:243 sulfuric acid hydrolysis method 213:243 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 7 41 used used 1198:1201 arg2 potential 1290:1298 a high potential 1283:1298 a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1283:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 41 used used 1198:1201 arg2 CNC 1144:1146 The CNC 1140:1146 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1140:1189 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 41 used used 1198:1201 arg2 agent 1220:1224 a reinforcing agent 1206:1224 a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites 1206:1266 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 3 42 theme thermal 560:566 arg1 properties 568:577 thermal properties 560:577 thermal properties of the films 560:590 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 0 43 theme films 37:41 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of bionanocomposite films 0:41 Characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with agar and paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose. 24906782 1 44 theme hydrolysis 227:236 arg1 method 238:243 sulfuric acid hydrolysis method 213:243 sulfuric acid hydrolysis method 213:243 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 6 45 theme nanocomposite 1107:1119 arg1 formation 1094:1102 formation 1094:1102 formation of nanocomposite 1094:1119 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 46 theme film 1066:1069 arg1 WVP 1054:1056 the WVP 1050:1056 the WVP of agar film 1050:1069 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 7 47 theme reinforcing 1208:1218 arg1 potential 1290:1298 a high potential 1283:1298 a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1283:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 47 theme reinforcing 1208:1218 arg1 agent 1220:1224 a reinforcing agent 1206:1224 a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites 1206:1266 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 47 theme reinforcing 1208:1218 arg1 CNC 1144:1146 The CNC 1140:1146 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1140:1189 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 2 48 theme vapor 398:402 arg1 permeability 404:415 water vapor permeability 392:415 water vapor permeability (WVP) 392:421 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 48 theme vapor 398:402 arg1 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 7 49 theme bio-nanocomposites 1249:1266 arg1 preparation 1234:1244 the preparation 1230:1244 the preparation of bio-nanocomposites 1230:1266 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 4 50 theme elliptic 710:717 arg1 granules 719:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules 685:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm 685:767 The CNC was composed of fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm. 24906782 7 51 theme high 1285:1288 arg1 potential 1290:1298 a high potential 1283:1298 a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1283:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 51 theme high 1285:1288 arg1 agent 1220:1224 a reinforcing agent 1206:1224 a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites 1206:1266 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 7 51 theme high 1285:1288 arg1 CNC 1144:1146 The CNC 1140:1146 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1140:1189 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 3 52 theme cellulose 498:506 arg1 fibers 508:513 the cellulose fibers 494:513 the cellulose fibers 494:513 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 4 53 theme spherical 697:705 arg1 granules 719:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules 685:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm 685:767 The CNC was composed of fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm. 24906782 7 54 theme paper-mulberry 1166:1179 arg1 pulp 1186:1189 the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1162:1189 the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1162:1189 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 4 55 with granules 719:726 arg1 sizes 751:755 sizes 751:755 sizes of 50-60 nm 751:767 The CNC was composed of fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm. 24906782 3 56 theme films 586:590 arg1 crystallinity 541:553 crystallinity 541:553 crystallinity 541:553 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 3 56 theme films 586:590 arg1 morphology 529:538 morphology 529:538 morphology 529:538 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 3 56 theme films 586:590 arg1 structure 518:526 structure 518:526 structure 518:526 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 3 56 theme films 586:590 arg1 properties 568:577 thermal properties 560:577 thermal properties of the films 560:590 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 2 57 theme content 330:336 arg1 effect 316:321 The effect 312:321 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites 312:467 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 7 58 theme bast 1181:1184 arg1 pulp 1186:1189 the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1162:1189 the paper-mulberry bast pulp 1162:1189 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 2 59 theme thermal 428:434 arg1 properties 436:445 thermal properties 428:445 thermal properties 428:445 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 6 60 theme wt 1034:1035 arg1 % 1036:1036 5 wt% 1032:1036 5 wt% of CNC 1032:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 6 60 theme wt 1034:1035 arg1 CNC 1041:1043 CNC 1041:1043 CNC 1041:1043 The tensile modulus and tensile strength of agar film increased by 40% and 25%, respectively, in the composite film with 5 wt% of CNC, and the WVP of agar film decreased by 25% after formation of nanocomposite with 3 wt% of CNC. 24906782 1 61 theme paper-mulberry 153:166 arg1 Siebold 191:197 Siebold 191:197 Siebold 191:197 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 1 61 theme paper-mulberry 153:166 arg1 pulp 205:208 paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp 153:208 paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp 153:208 Crystallized nanocellulose (CNC) was separated from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) bast pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and they were blended with agar to prepare bionanocomposite films. 24906782 7 62 theme food 1348:1351 arg1 materials 1363:1371 completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1323:1371 completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1323:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 24906782 0 63 theme paper-mulberry 66:79 arg1 nanocellulose 86:98 paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose 66:98 paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose 66:98 Characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with agar and paper-mulberry pulp nanocellulose. 24906782 3 64 theme TEM 620:622 arg1 methods 652:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods 613:658 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 4 65 theme fibrous 685:691 arg1 granules 719:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules 685:726 fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm 685:767 The CNC was composed of fibrous and spherical or elliptic granules of nano-cellulose with sizes of 50-60 nm. 24906782 3 66 theme fibers 508:513 arg1 Changes 483:489 Changes 483:489 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films 483:590 Changes of the cellulose fibers in structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis methods. 24906782 2 67 from effect 316:321 arg1 permeability 404:415 water vapor permeability 392:415 water vapor permeability (WVP) 392:421 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 67 from effect 316:321 arg1 properties 436:445 thermal properties 428:445 thermal properties 428:445 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 2 67 from effect 316:321 arg1 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 WVP 418:420 The effect of CNC content (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were studied. 24906782 7 68 theme packaging 1353:1361 arg1 materials 1363:1371 completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1323:1371 completely biodegradable food packaging materials 1323:1371 The CNC obtained from the paper-mulberry bast pulp can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bio-nanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials. 25791456 3 0 theme polygalacturonic 331:346 arg1 acid 348:351 a polygalacturonic acid 329:351 a polygalacturonic acid 329:351 To overcome this limitation, we developed a polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel by Schiff's base crosslinking reaction. 25791456 8 1 theme composite 1215:1223 arg1 acid 1194:1197 Polygalacturonic acid 1177:1197 Polygalacturonic acid 1177:1197 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 1 theme composite 1215:1223 arg1 easy 1258:1261 easy 1258:1261 easy 1258:1261 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 1 theme composite 1215:1223 arg1 hydrogel 1225:1232 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1203:1232 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1203:1232 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 1 theme composite 1215:1223 arg1 system 1239:1244 a system 1237:1244 a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries 1237:1380 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 5 2 theme polygalacturonic 649:664 arg1 acid 666:669 polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 649:705 acid 666:669 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 4 3 theme hyaluronidase 581:593 arg1 presence 569:576 the presence 565:576 the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days 565:604 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 7 4 contain had 1044:1046 arg2 grade 1064:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 4 contain had 1044:1046 arg1 hydrogel 1030:1037 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1008:1037 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1008:1037 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 4 contain had 1044:1046 arg2 area 1087:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 4 contain had 1044:1046 arg1 acid 999:1002 polygalacturonic acid 982:1002 polygalacturonic acid 982:1002 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 5 theme hyaluronate 1008:1018 arg1 hydrogel 1030:1037 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1008:1037 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1008:1037 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 4 6 theme short 494:498 arg1 s 528:528 less than 15 s 515:528 less than 15 s 515:528 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 4 6 theme short 494:498 arg1 time 509:512 short gelation time 494:512 short gelation time (less than 15 s) 494:529 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 0 7 theme peridural 93:101 arg1 fibrosis 103:110 peridural fibrosis 93:110 peridural fibrosis 93:110 In situ forming hydrogel composed of hyaluronate and polygalacturonic acid for prevention of peridural fibrosis. 25791456 7 8 theme polygalacturonic 982:997 arg1 acid 999:1002 polygalacturonic acid 982:1002 polygalacturonic acid 982:1002 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 9 theme hydrogel 1160:1167 arg1 groups 1169:1174 hyaluronate hydrogel groups 1148:1174 hyaluronate hydrogel groups 1148:1174 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 6 10 theme polygalacturonic 847:862 arg1 acid 864:867 polygalacturonic acid 847:867 polygalacturonic acid 847:867 Compared to hyaluronate hydrogels and commercial Medishield™ gels, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel was not totally degraded in vivo after 4 weeks. 25791456 5 11 theme hyaluronate 675:685 arg1 hydrogels 697:705 polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 649:705 hydrogels 697:705 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 5 12 theme Cell 607:610 arg1 adhesion 612:619 Cell adhesion 607:619 Cell adhesion 607:619 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 3 13 theme composite 369:377 arg1 hydrogel 379:386 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 357:386 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 357:386 To overcome this limitation, we developed a polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel by Schiff's base crosslinking reaction. 25791456 8 14 theme adhesion 1343:1350 arg1 prevention 1352:1361 adhesion prevention 1343:1361 adhesion prevention in spine surgeries 1343:1380 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 4 15 theme polygalacturonic 432:447 arg1 acid 449:452 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 428:488 acid 449:452 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 8 16 from prevention 1352:1361 arg1 surgeries 1372:1380 spine surgeries 1366:1380 spine surgeries 1366:1380 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 17 theme in 1281:1282 arg1 property 1304:1311 its in situ cross-linkable property 1277:1311 its in situ cross-linkable property 1277:1311 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 0 18 theme fibrosis 103:110 arg1 prevention 79:88 prevention 79:88 prevention of peridural fibrosis 79:110 In situ forming hydrogel composed of hyaluronate and polygalacturonic acid for prevention of peridural fibrosis. 25791456 5 19 theme migration 625:633 arg1 assays 635:640 Cell adhesion and migration assays 607:640 Cell adhesion and migration assays 607:640 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 3 20 theme crosslinking 405:416 arg1 reaction 418:425 Schiff's base crosslinking reaction 391:425 Schiff's base crosslinking reaction 391:425 To overcome this limitation, we developed a polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel by Schiff's base crosslinking reaction. 25791456 8 21 theme hyaluronate 1203:1213 arg1 acid 1194:1197 Polygalacturonic acid 1177:1197 Polygalacturonic acid 1177:1197 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 21 theme hyaluronate 1203:1213 arg1 easy 1258:1261 easy 1258:1261 easy 1258:1261 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 21 theme hyaluronate 1203:1213 arg1 hydrogel 1225:1232 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1203:1232 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1203:1232 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 21 theme hyaluronate 1203:1213 arg1 system 1239:1244 a system 1237:1244 a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries 1237:1380 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 7 22 theme saline 1129:1134 arg1 control 1136:1142 the saline control 1125:1142 the saline control 1125:1142 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 6 23 theme Medishield™ 829:839 arg1 gels 841:844 commercial Medishield™ gels 818:844 commercial Medishield™ gels 818:844 Compared to hyaluronate hydrogels and commercial Medishield™ gels, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel was not totally degraded in vivo after 4 weeks. 25791456 8 24 theme cross-linkable 1289:1302 arg1 property 1304:1311 its in situ cross-linkable property 1277:1311 its in situ cross-linkable property 1277:1311 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 0 25 theme In 0:1 arg1 hydrogel 16:23 In situ forming hydrogel 0:23 In situ forming hydrogel 0:23 In situ forming hydrogel composed of hyaluronate and polygalacturonic acid for prevention of peridural fibrosis. 25791456 6 26 theme hyaluronate 873:883 arg1 hydrogel 895:902 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 873:902 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 873:902 Compared to hyaluronate hydrogels and commercial Medishield™ gels, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel was not totally degraded in vivo after 4 weeks. 25791456 6 27 theme commercial 818:827 arg1 gels 841:844 commercial Medishield™ gels 818:844 commercial Medishield™ gels 818:844 Compared to hyaluronate hydrogels and commercial Medishield™ gels, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel was not totally degraded in vivo after 4 weeks. 25791456 4 28 theme hyaluronate 458:468 arg1 hydrogels 480:488 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 428:488 hydrogels 480:488 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 7 29 theme laminectomy 963:973 arg1 model 975:979 the rat laminectomy model 955:979 the rat laminectomy model 955:979 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 5 30 theme adhesion 612:619 arg1 assays 635:640 Cell adhesion and migration assays 607:640 Cell adhesion and migration assays 607:640 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 8 31 dep in 1281:1282 arg1 situ 1284:1287 situ 1284:1287 situ 1284:1287 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 7 32 theme smaller 1074:1080 arg1 area 1087:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 3 33 theme base 400:403 arg1 reaction 418:425 Schiff's base crosslinking reaction 391:425 Schiff's base crosslinking reaction 391:425 To overcome this limitation, we developed a polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel by Schiff's base crosslinking reaction. 25791456 2 34 theme long-term 193:201 arg1 application 203:213 the long-term application 189:213 the long-term application of hyaluronic acid 189:232 However, the long-term application of hyaluronic acid is limited by tissue mediated enzymatic degradation. 25791456 0 35 theme polygalacturonic 53:68 arg1 acid 70:73 polygalacturonic acid 53:73 polygalacturonic acid 53:73 In situ forming hydrogel composed of hyaluronate and polygalacturonic acid for prevention of peridural fibrosis. 25791456 7 36 theme tissue 1103:1108 arg1 formation 1110:1118 fibrous tissue formation 1095:1118 fibrous tissue formation 1095:1118 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 2 37 theme tissue 248:253 arg1 degradation 274:284 tissue mediated enzymatic degradation 248:284 tissue mediated enzymatic degradation 248:284 However, the long-term application of hyaluronic acid is limited by tissue mediated enzymatic degradation. 25791456 4 38 contain had 490:492 arg2 time 509:512 short gelation time 494:512 short gelation time (less than 15 s) 494:529 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 4 38 contain had 490:492 arg1 hydrogels 480:488 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 428:488 hydrogels 480:488 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 4 38 contain had 490:492 arg2 s 528:528 less than 15 s 515:528 less than 15 s 515:528 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 4 38 contain had 490:492 arg1 acid 449:452 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 428:488 acid 449:452 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 0 39 theme forming 8:14 arg1 hydrogel 16:23 In situ forming hydrogel 0:23 In situ forming hydrogel 0:23 In situ forming hydrogel composed of hyaluronate and polygalacturonic acid for prevention of peridural fibrosis. 25791456 5 40 dep showed 642:647 arg1 prevented 707:715 prevented 707:715 showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels 642:777 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 5 41 theme composite 687:695 arg1 hydrogels 697:705 polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 649:705 hydrogels 697:705 Cell adhesion and migration assays showed polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels prevented fibroblasts from adhesion and infiltration into the hydrogels. 25791456 4 42 theme gelation 500:507 arg1 s 528:528 less than 15 s 515:528 less than 15 s 515:528 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 4 42 theme gelation 500:507 arg1 time 509:512 short gelation time 494:512 short gelation time (less than 15 s) 494:529 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 6 43 theme hyaluronate 792:802 arg1 hydrogels 804:812 hyaluronate hydrogels 792:812 hyaluronate hydrogels 792:812 Compared to hyaluronate hydrogels and commercial Medishield™ gels, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel was not totally degraded in vivo after 4 weeks. 25791456 1 44 theme Hyaluronic 113:122 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels 113:143 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels 113:143 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels can reduce postoperative adhesion. 25791456 7 45 theme formation 1110:1118 arg1 grade 1064:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 45 theme formation 1110:1118 arg1 area 1087:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 46 theme fibrous 1095:1101 arg1 formation 1110:1118 fibrous tissue formation 1095:1118 fibrous tissue formation 1095:1118 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 2 47 theme acid 229:232 arg1 application 203:213 the long-term application 189:213 the long-term application of hyaluronic acid 189:232 However, the long-term application of hyaluronic acid is limited by tissue mediated enzymatic degradation. 25791456 7 48 theme hyaluronate 1148:1158 arg1 groups 1169:1174 hyaluronate hydrogel groups 1148:1174 hyaluronate hydrogel groups 1148:1174 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 49 theme adhesion 1055:1062 arg1 grade 1064:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 1 50 theme acid-based 124:133 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels 113:143 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels 113:143 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels can reduce postoperative adhesion. 25791456 0 51 dep In 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 In situ forming hydrogel composed of hyaluronate and polygalacturonic acid for prevention of peridural fibrosis. 25791456 7 52 theme mean 1082:1085 arg1 area 1087:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 smaller mean area 1074:1090 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 2 53 theme hyaluronic 218:227 arg1 acid 229:232 hyaluronic acid 218:232 hyaluronic acid 218:232 However, the long-term application of hyaluronic acid is limited by tissue mediated enzymatic degradation. 25791456 7 54 theme composite 1020:1028 arg1 hydrogel 1030:1037 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1008:1037 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1008:1037 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 7 55 theme rat 959:961 arg1 model 975:979 the rat laminectomy model 955:979 the rat laminectomy model 955:979 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 6 56 theme composite 885:893 arg1 hydrogel 895:902 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 873:902 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 873:902 Compared to hyaluronate hydrogels and commercial Medishield™ gels, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel was not totally degraded in vivo after 4 weeks. 25791456 8 57 theme Polygalacturonic 1177:1192 arg1 acid 1194:1197 Polygalacturonic acid 1177:1197 Polygalacturonic acid 1177:1197 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 57 theme Polygalacturonic 1177:1192 arg1 easy 1258:1261 easy 1258:1261 easy 1258:1261 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 57 theme Polygalacturonic 1177:1192 arg1 hydrogel 1225:1232 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1203:1232 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 1203:1232 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 57 theme Polygalacturonic 1177:1192 arg1 system 1239:1244 a system 1237:1244 a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries 1237:1380 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 8 58 theme spine 1366:1370 arg1 surgeries 1372:1380 spine surgeries 1366:1380 spine surgeries 1366:1380 Polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel is a system that can be easy to use due to its in situ cross-linkable property and potentially promising for adhesion prevention in spine surgeries. 25791456 4 59 theme composite 470:478 arg1 hydrogels 480:488 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels 428:488 hydrogels 480:488 The polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogels had short gelation time (less than 15 s) and degraded by less than 50 % in the presence of hyaluronidase for 7 days. 25791456 2 60 theme enzymatic 264:272 arg1 degradation 274:284 tissue mediated enzymatic degradation 248:284 tissue mediated enzymatic degradation 248:284 However, the long-term application of hyaluronic acid is limited by tissue mediated enzymatic degradation. 25791456 7 61 theme better 1048:1053 arg1 grade 1064:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 better adhesion grade 1048:1068 In the rat laminectomy model, polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel also had better adhesion grade and smaller mean area of fibrous tissue formation over the saline control and hyaluronate hydrogel groups. 25791456 3 62 theme hyaluronate 357:367 arg1 hydrogel 379:386 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 357:386 hyaluronate composite hydrogel 357:386 To overcome this limitation, we developed a polygalacturonic acid and hyaluronate composite hydrogel by Schiff's base crosslinking reaction. 25791456 2 63 theme mediated 255:262 arg1 degradation 274:284 tissue mediated enzymatic degradation 248:284 tissue mediated enzymatic degradation 248:284 However, the long-term application of hyaluronic acid is limited by tissue mediated enzymatic degradation. 25791456 1 64 theme postoperative 156:168 arg1 adhesion 170:177 postoperative adhesion 156:177 postoperative adhesion 156:177 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels can reduce postoperative adhesion. 26572387 0 0 theme reverse 96:102 arg1 osmosis 104:110 reverse osmosis 96:110 reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution 96:131 Conjugation of silica nanoparticles with cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane for reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution. 26572387 7 1 from increase 1105:1112 arg1 ridges 1132:1137 ridges 1132:1137 ridges 1132:1137 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 1 from increase 1105:1112 arg1 surface 1151:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 1 from increase 1105:1112 arg1 valley 1121:1126 valley 1121:1126 valley 1121:1126 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 2 theme morphological 1079:1091 arg1 changes 1093:1099 the morphological changes 1075:1099 the morphological changes 1075:1099 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 3 from valley 1121:1126 arg1 surface 1151:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 2 4 theme Experimental 356:367 arg1 data 369:372 Experimental data 356:372 Experimental data 356:372 Experimental data showed that the conjugation of SNPs changed the surface properties as dense and asymmetric composite structure. 26572387 7 5 dep valley 1121:1126 arg1 the 1117:1119 the 1117:1119 the 1117:1119 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 5 6 from °C 877:878 arg1 Tg 855:856 an improved Tg 843:856 an improved Tg from 76.2 to 101.8 °C for PM and PM-S4 843:895 DSC of PM-SNPs shows an improved Tg from 76.2 to 101.8 °C for PM and PM-S4 respectively. 26572387 3 7 theme rejection 559:567 arg1 efficiency 569:578 the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency 528:578 the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes 528:603 The results were explicitly determined by the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes. 26572387 1 8 theme cellulose 261:269 arg1 CA/PEG300 300:308 CA/PEG300 300:308 CA/PEG300 300:308 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 1 8 theme cellulose 261:269 arg1 glycol 292:297 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 261:297 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 261:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 4 9 theme h. 735:736 arg1 FTIR 738:741 h. FTIR 735:741 h. FTIR 735:741 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 4 10 theme salt 646:649 arg1 rejection 651:659 MgSO4 salt rejection 640:659 MgSO4 salt rejection 640:659 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 1 11 theme acetate/polyethylene 271:290 arg1 CA/PEG300 300:308 CA/PEG300 300:308 CA/PEG300 300:308 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 1 11 theme acetate/polyethylene 271:290 arg1 glycol 292:297 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 261:297 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 261:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 7 12 theme membrane 1142:1149 arg1 surface 1151:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 8 13 theme maximum 1228:1234 arg1 capacity 1251:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 2 14 theme surface 422:428 arg1 properties 430:439 the surface properties 418:439 the surface properties 418:439 Experimental data showed that the conjugation of SNPs changed the surface properties as dense and asymmetric composite structure. 26572387 4 15 from magnitude 685:693 arg1 effect 610:615 The effect 606:615 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection 606:659 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 4 15 from magnitude 685:693 arg1 significant 670:680 significant 670:680 significant 670:680 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 2 16 theme SNPs 405:408 arg1 conjugation 390:400 the conjugation 386:400 the conjugation of SNPs 386:408 Experimental data showed that the conjugation of SNPs changed the surface properties as dense and asymmetric composite structure. 26572387 0 17 theme MgSO4 118:122 arg1 solution 124:131 MgSO4 solution 118:131 MgSO4 solution 118:131 Conjugation of silica nanoparticles with cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane for reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution. 26572387 7 18 from ridges 1132:1137 arg1 surface 1151:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 19 theme AFM 1064:1066 arg1 micrographs 1041:1051 The micrographs 1037:1051 The micrographs of SEM and AFM 1037:1066 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 3 20 theme salt 554:557 arg1 rejection 559:567 salt rejection 554:567 salt rejection 554:567 The results were explicitly determined by the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes. 26572387 5 21 theme improved 846:853 arg1 Tg 855:856 an improved Tg 843:856 an improved Tg from 76.2 to 101.8 °C for PM and PM-S4 843:895 DSC of PM-SNPs shows an improved Tg from 76.2 to 101.8 °C for PM and PM-S4 respectively. 26572387 2 22 theme asymmetric 454:463 arg1 structure 475:483 dense and asymmetric composite structure 444:483 dense and asymmetric composite structure 444:483 Experimental data showed that the conjugation of SNPs changed the surface properties as dense and asymmetric composite structure. 26572387 3 23 theme flux 545:548 arg1 efficiency 569:578 the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency 528:578 the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes 528:603 The results were explicitly determined by the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes. 26572387 1 24 from glycol 292:297 arg1 osmosis 248:254 reverse osmosis 240:254 reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 240:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 6 25 theme membranes 944:952 arg1 stability 919:927 Thermal stability 911:927 Thermal stability of the PM-SNPs membranes 911:952 Thermal stability of the PM-SNPs membranes was observed by TGA which was significantly enhanced with the conjugation of SNPs. 26572387 3 26 theme PM-SNPs 587:593 arg1 membranes 595:603 the PM-SNPs membranes 583:603 the PM-SNPs membranes 583:603 The results were explicitly determined by the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes. 26572387 4 27 from significant 670:680 arg1 magnitude 685:693 magnitude 685:693 magnitude 685:693 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 8 28 theme wt 1205:1206 arg1 SNPs 1209:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 28 theme wt 1205:1206 arg1 membrane 1215:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 5 29 dep 101.8 871:875 arg1 to 868:869 to 868:869 to 868:869 DSC of PM-SNPs shows an improved Tg from 76.2 to 101.8 °C for PM and PM-S4 respectively. 26572387 7 30 theme SEM 1056:1058 arg1 micrographs 1041:1051 The micrographs 1037:1051 The micrographs of SEM and AFM 1037:1066 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 3 31 theme membranes 595:603 arg1 efficiency 569:578 the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency 528:578 the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes 528:603 The results were explicitly determined by the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes. 26572387 8 32 theme % 1207:1207 arg1 SNPs 1209:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 32 theme % 1207:1207 arg1 membrane 1215:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 6 33 theme SNPs 1031:1034 arg1 conjugation 1016:1026 the conjugation 1012:1026 the conjugation of SNPs 1012:1034 Thermal stability of the PM-SNPs membranes was observed by TGA which was significantly enhanced with the conjugation of SNPs. 26572387 2 34 theme dense 444:448 arg1 structure 475:483 dense and asymmetric composite structure 444:483 dense and asymmetric composite structure 444:483 Experimental data showed that the conjugation of SNPs changed the surface properties as dense and asymmetric composite structure. 26572387 6 35 theme PM-SNPs 936:942 arg1 membranes 944:952 the PM-SNPs membranes 932:952 the PM-SNPs membranes 932:952 Thermal stability of the PM-SNPs membranes was observed by TGA which was significantly enhanced with the conjugation of SNPs. 26572387 8 36 theme salt 1236:1239 arg1 capacity 1251:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 4 37 dep L/m 729:731 arg1 i.e. 719:722 i.e. 719:722 i.e. 719:722 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 4 37 dep L/m 729:731 arg1 verified 743:750 verified 743:750 verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane 743:819 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 1 38 theme polymer 206:212 arg1 membranes 226:234 polymer matrix (PM) membranes 206:234 polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 206:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 0 39 theme silica 15:20 arg1 Conjugation 0:10 Conjugation 0:10 Conjugation of silica 0:20 Conjugation of silica nanoparticles with cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane for reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution. 26572387 1 40 theme matrix 214:219 arg1 membranes 226:234 polymer matrix (PM) membranes 206:234 polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 206:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 0 41 theme cellulose 41:49 arg1 membrane 83:90 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane 41:90 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane 41:90 Conjugation of silica nanoparticles with cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane for reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution. 26572387 7 42 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 increase 1105:1112 increase 1105:1112 increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface 1105:1157 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 42 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 changes 1093:1099 the morphological changes 1075:1099 the morphological changes 1075:1099 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 4 43 theme PM 809:810 arg1 membrane 812:819 PM membrane 809:819 PM membrane 809:819 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 8 44 theme rejection 1241:1249 arg1 capacity 1251:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 5 45 theme PM-SNPs 829:835 arg1 DSC 822:824 DSC 822:824 DSC of PM-SNPs 822:835 DSC of PM-SNPs shows an improved Tg from 76.2 to 101.8 °C for PM and PM-S4 respectively. 26572387 4 46 theme permeation 703:712 arg1 flux 714:717 permeation flux 703:717 permeation flux 703:717 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 4 47 from effect 610:615 arg1 rejection 651:659 MgSO4 salt rejection 640:659 MgSO4 salt rejection 640:659 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 8 48 theme Experimental 1160:1171 arg1 data 1173:1176 Experimental data 1160:1176 Experimental data 1160:1176 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 1 49 theme PM 222:223 arg1 membranes 226:234 polymer matrix (PM) membranes 206:234 polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 206:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 0 50 theme glycol 72:77 arg1 membrane 83:90 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane 41:90 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane 41:90 Conjugation of silica nanoparticles with cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane for reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution. 26572387 6 51 theme Thermal 911:917 arg1 stability 919:927 Thermal stability 911:927 Thermal stability of the PM-SNPs membranes 911:952 Thermal stability of the PM-SNPs membranes was observed by TGA which was significantly enhanced with the conjugation of SNPs. 26572387 4 52 dep verified 743:750 arg1 2 733:733 2 733:733 2 733:733 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 0 53 theme acetate/polyethylene 51:70 arg1 membrane 83:90 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane 41:90 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane 41:90 Conjugation of silica nanoparticles with cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol 300 membrane for reverse osmosis using MgSO4 solution. 26572387 1 54 theme silica 327:332 arg1 SNPs 349:352 SNPs 349:352 SNPs 349:352 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 1 54 theme silica 327:332 arg1 nanoparticles 334:346 silica nanoparticles 327:346 silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 327:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 2 55 theme composite 465:473 arg1 structure 475:483 dense and asymmetric composite structure 444:483 dense and asymmetric composite structure 444:483 Experimental data showed that the conjugation of SNPs changed the surface properties as dense and asymmetric composite structure. 26572387 4 56 theme membrane 812:819 arg1 surface 798:804 the surface 794:804 the surface of PM membrane 794:819 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 1 57 theme Thermally-induced 134:150 arg1 method 176:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 7 58 from changes 1093:1099 arg1 ridges 1132:1137 ridges 1132:1137 ridges 1132:1137 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 58 from changes 1093:1099 arg1 surface 1151:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 membrane surface 1142:1157 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 7 58 from changes 1093:1099 arg1 valley 1121:1126 valley 1121:1126 valley 1121:1126 The micrographs of SEM and AFM showed the morphological changes and increase in the valley and ridges on membrane surface. 26572387 8 59 contain has 1224:1226 arg1 SNPs 1209:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 59 contain has 1224:1226 arg1 membrane 1291:1298 an optimal membrane 1280:1298 an optimal membrane 1280:1298 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 59 contain has 1224:1226 arg2 capacity 1251:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 maximum salt rejection capacity 1228:1258 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 59 contain has 1224:1226 arg1 membrane 1215:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 1 60 theme phase 152:156 arg1 method 176:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 4 61 theme conjugation 625:635 arg1 effect 610:615 The effect 606:615 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection 606:659 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 4 61 theme conjugation 625:635 arg1 significant 670:680 significant 670:680 significant 670:680 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 8 62 theme optimal 1283:1289 arg1 membrane 1291:1298 an optimal membrane 1280:1298 an optimal membrane 1280:1298 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 62 theme optimal 1283:1289 arg1 membrane 1215:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 1 63 theme separation 158:167 arg1 method 176:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 4 64 theme SNPs 620:623 arg1 conjugation 625:635 SNPs conjugation 620:635 SNPs conjugation 620:635 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 1 65 used used 187:190 arg2 method 176:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 3 66 theme permeability 532:543 arg1 flux 545:548 permeability flux 532:548 permeability flux 532:548 The results were explicitly determined by the permeability flux and salt rejection efficiency of the PM-SNPs membranes. 26572387 8 67 theme PM-S4 1194:1198 arg1 SNPs 1209:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 0.4 wt% SNPs 1201:1212 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 67 theme PM-S4 1194:1198 arg1 membrane 1291:1298 an optimal membrane 1280:1298 an optimal membrane 1280:1298 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 8 67 theme PM-S4 1194:1198 arg1 membrane 1215:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane 1190:1222 Experimental data showed that the PM-S4 (0.4 wt% SNPs) membrane has maximum salt rejection capacity and was selected as an optimal membrane. 26572387 4 68 theme MgSO4 640:644 arg1 rejection 651:659 MgSO4 salt rejection 640:659 MgSO4 salt rejection 640:659 The effect of SNPs conjugation on MgSO4 salt rejection was more significant in magnitude than on permeation flux i.e. 2.38 L/m(2)h. FTIR verified that SNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of PM membrane. 26572387 1 69 theme TIPS 170:173 arg1 method 176:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method 134:181 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26572387 1 70 theme reverse 240:246 arg1 osmosis 248:254 reverse osmosis 240:254 reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) 240:353 Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method was used to synthesize polymer matrix (PM) membranes for reverse osmosis from cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG300) conjugated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs). 26321421 3 0 theme chitosan 625:632 arg1 wrapping 609:616 wrapping 609:616 wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers 609:664 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 3 1 theme SEM 478:480 arg1 images 482:487 SEM images 478:487 SEM images 478:487 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 4 2 from solution 759:766 arg1 Removal 705:711 Removal 705:711 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 705:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 0 3 theme ZnO/chitosan 82:93 arg1 photocatalyst 15:27 photocatalyst 15:27 photocatalyst 15:27 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 0 3 theme ZnO/chitosan 82:93 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 0 3 theme ZnO/chitosan 82:93 arg1 performance 67:77 bactericidal performance 54:77 bactericidal performance 54:77 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 2 4 theme X-ray 360:364 arg1 diffraction 366:376 X-ray diffraction 360:376 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 360:382 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 2 4 theme X-ray 360:364 arg1 XRD 379:381 XRD 379:381 XRD 379:381 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 5 5 theme UV 928:929 arg1 light 931:935 UV light 928:935 UV light 928:935 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 4 6 theme combined 789:796 arg1 adsorption 798:807 combined adsorption 789:807 combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 789:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 6 7 theme Various 1074:1080 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 its initial concentration 1125:1149 its initial concentration 1125:1149 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 6 7 theme Various 1074:1080 arg1 pH 1103:1104 pH 1103:1104 pH of MO solution 1103:1119 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 6 7 theme Various 1074:1080 arg1 parameters 1082:1091 Various parameters 1074:1091 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration 1074:1149 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 4 8 theme ZnO/Chi-MCM 859:869 arg1 activity 831:838 photodegradation activity 814:838 photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 814:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 3 9 theme individual 643:652 arg1 microfibers 654:664 the individual microfibers 639:664 the individual microfibers 639:664 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 6 10 theme solution 1112:1119 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 its initial concentration 1125:1149 its initial concentration 1125:1149 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 6 10 theme solution 1112:1119 arg1 pH 1103:1104 pH 1103:1104 pH of MO solution 1103:1119 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 3 11 theme dense 501:505 arg1 solutions 516:524 dense chitosan solutions 501:524 dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) 501:537 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 3 11 theme dense 501:505 arg1 % 536:536 3 and 5wt% 527:536 3 and 5wt% 527:536 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 2 12 theme scanning 389:396 arg1 microscopy 407:416 scanning electron microscopy 389:416 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 389:422 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 2 12 theme scanning 389:396 arg1 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 5 13 theme ultraviolet 1049:1059 arg1 irradiation 1061:1071 ultraviolet irradiation 1049:1071 ultraviolet irradiation 1049:1071 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 3 14 theme chitosan 507:514 arg1 solutions 516:524 dense chitosan solutions 501:524 dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) 501:537 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 3 14 theme chitosan 507:514 arg1 % 536:536 3 and 5wt% 527:536 3 and 5wt% 527:536 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 8 15 theme Escherichia 1363:1373 arg1 growth 1380:1385 the Escherichia coli growth 1359:1385 the Escherichia coli growth 1359:1385 Antibacterial activities were also evaluated where ZnO/Chi-MCM displayed a remarkable performance inhibiting the Escherichia coli growth. 26321421 1 16 theme microfibriller 178:191 arg1 MCM 208:210 MCM 208:210 MCM 208:210 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 16 theme microfibriller 178:191 arg1 mat 203:205 microfibriller cellulose mat 178:205 microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) 178:211 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 2 17 used used 430:433 arg2 XRD 379:381 XRD 379:381 XRD 379:381 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 2 17 used used 430:433 arg2 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 2 17 used used 430:433 arg2 diffraction 366:376 X-ray diffraction 360:376 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 360:382 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 2 17 used used 430:433 arg2 microscopy 407:416 scanning electron microscopy 389:416 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 389:422 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 6 18 theme MO 1182:1183 arg1 dye 1185:1187 MO dye 1182:1187 MO dye 1182:1187 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 8 19 theme remarkable 1325:1334 arg1 performance 1336:1346 a remarkable performance 1323:1346 a remarkable performance inhibiting the Escherichia coli growth 1323:1385 Antibacterial activities were also evaluated where ZnO/Chi-MCM displayed a remarkable performance inhibiting the Escherichia coli growth. 26321421 1 20 theme cellulose 193:201 arg1 MCM 208:210 MCM 208:210 MCM 208:210 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 20 theme cellulose 193:201 arg1 mat 203:205 microfibriller cellulose mat 178:205 microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) 178:211 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 6 21 theme initial 1129:1135 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 its initial concentration 1125:1149 its initial concentration 1125:1149 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 4 22 theme aqueous 751:757 arg1 solution 759:766 aqueous solution 751:766 aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 751:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 0 23 theme assisted 29:36 arg1 removal 42:48 assisted dye removal 29:48 assisted dye removal 29:48 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 1 24 theme zinc 279:282 arg1 cellulose 321:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 279:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM) 279:343 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 24 theme zinc 279:282 arg1 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 8 25 dep Escherichia 1363:1373 arg1 coli 1375:1378 coli 1375:1378 coli 1375:1378 Antibacterial activities were also evaluated where ZnO/Chi-MCM displayed a remarkable performance inhibiting the Escherichia coli growth. 26321421 1 26 theme Pure 110:113 arg1 chitosan 115:122 Pure chitosan 110:122 Pure chitosan 110:122 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 5 27 theme light 931:935 arg1 absence 917:923 the absence 913:923 the absence of UV light 913:935 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 7 28 theme 42.8mg/g 1240:1247 arg1 capacity 1228:1235 maximum adsorption capacity 1209:1235 maximum adsorption capacity of 42.8mg/g 1209:1247 ZnO/Chi-MCM showed maximum adsorption capacity of 42.8mg/g. 26321421 1 29 theme oxide/chitosan 284:297 arg1 cellulose 321:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 279:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM) 279:343 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 29 theme oxide/chitosan 284:297 arg1 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 4 30 dep Chi-MCM 847:853 arg1 the 843:845 the 843:845 the 843:845 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 1 31 theme chitosan 115:122 arg1 coatings 153:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings 110:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings 110:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 32 theme coated 299:304 arg1 cellulose 321:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 279:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM) 279:343 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 32 theme coated 299:304 arg1 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 5 33 theme dye 985:987 arg1 removal 989:995 dye removal 985:995 dye removal 985:995 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 4 34 theme orange 734:739 arg1 Removal 705:711 Removal 705:711 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 705:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 4 35 with adsorption 798:807 arg1 activity 831:838 photodegradation activity 814:838 photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 814:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 0 36 theme dye 38:40 arg1 removal 42:48 assisted dye removal 29:48 assisted dye removal 29:48 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 1 37 theme microfibriller 306:319 arg1 cellulose 321:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 279:329 zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM) 279:343 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 37 theme microfibriller 306:319 arg1 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 ZnO/Chi-MCM 332:342 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 4 38 theme Chi-MCM 847:853 arg1 activity 831:838 photodegradation activity 814:838 photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 814:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 3 39 theme diluted 573:579 arg1 solution 581:588 diluted solution 573:588 diluted solution (1wt%) 573:595 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 3 39 theme diluted 573:579 arg1 % 594:594 1wt% 591:594 1wt% 591:594 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 3 40 theme thick 546:550 arg1 layer 552:556 a thick layer 544:556 a thick layer 544:556 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 2 41 theme electron 398:405 arg1 microscopy 407:416 scanning electron microscopy 389:416 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 389:422 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 2 41 theme electron 398:405 arg1 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the samples in this study. 26321421 0 42 theme bactericidal 54:65 arg1 performance 67:77 bactericidal performance 54:77 bactericidal performance 54:77 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 5 43 theme photocatalytic 1000:1013 arg1 dissociation 1015:1026 photocatalytic dissociation 1000:1026 photocatalytic dissociation 1000:1026 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 3 44 theme thick 682:686 arg1 formation 694:702 the thick layer formation 678:702 the thick layer formation 678:702 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 7 45 theme maximum 1209:1215 arg1 capacity 1228:1235 maximum adsorption capacity 1209:1235 maximum adsorption capacity of 42.8mg/g 1209:1247 ZnO/Chi-MCM showed maximum adsorption capacity of 42.8mg/g. 26321421 3 46 theme layer 688:692 arg1 formation 694:702 the thick layer formation 678:702 the thick layer formation 678:702 SEM images showed that dense chitosan solutions (3 and 5wt%) made a thick layer over MCM while diluted solution (1wt%) resulted in wrapping of the chitosan over the individual microfibers and avoided the thick layer formation. 26321421 5 47 theme faster 957:962 arg1 degree 975:980 faster and higher degree 957:980 faster and higher degree of dye removal 957:995 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 6 48 theme dye 1185:1187 arg1 removal 1171:1177 the removal 1167:1177 the removal of MO dye 1167:1187 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 5 49 theme removal 989:995 arg1 degree 975:980 faster and higher degree 957:980 faster and higher degree of dye removal 957:995 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 4 50 theme azo 719:721 arg1 orange 734:739 an azo dye methyl orange 716:739 an azo dye methyl orange (MO) 716:744 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 4 50 theme azo 719:721 arg1 MO 742:743 MO 742:743 MO 742:743 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 4 51 theme methyl 727:732 arg1 orange 734:739 an azo dye methyl orange 716:739 an azo dye methyl orange (MO) 716:744 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 4 51 theme methyl 727:732 arg1 MO 742:743 MO 742:743 MO 742:743 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 1 52 theme zinc 132:135 arg1 oxide 137:141 its zinc oxide 128:141 its zinc oxide 128:141 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 4 53 theme photodegradation 814:829 arg1 activity 831:838 photodegradation activity 814:838 photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 814:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 5 54 theme higher 968:973 arg1 degree 975:980 faster and higher degree 957:980 faster and higher degree of dye removal 957:995 Compared in the absence of UV light, ZnO/Chi-MCM showed faster and higher degree of dye removal by photocatalytic dissociation and adsorption under ultraviolet irradiation. 26321421 1 55 theme oxide 137:141 arg1 coatings 153:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings 110:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings 110:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 4 56 with adsorption 774:783 arg1 activity 831:838 photodegradation activity 814:838 photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM 814:869 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 1 57 theme chitosan 224:231 arg1 Chi-MCM 266:272 Chi-MCM 266:272 Chi-MCM 266:272 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 57 theme chitosan 224:231 arg1 cellulose 255:263 chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 224:263 chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) 224:273 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 4 58 theme dye 723:725 arg1 orange 734:739 an azo dye methyl orange 716:739 an azo dye methyl orange (MO) 716:744 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 4 58 theme dye 723:725 arg1 MO 742:743 MO 742:743 MO 742:743 Removal of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using adsorption and combined adsorption with photodegradation activity of the Chi-MCM and ZnO/Chi-MCM were evaluated, respectively. 26321421 1 59 theme composite 143:151 arg1 coatings 153:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings 110:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings 110:160 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 6 60 theme MO 1109:1110 arg1 solution 1112:1119 MO solution 1109:1119 MO solution 1109:1119 Various parameters including pH of MO solution and its initial concentration were tested for the removal of MO dye. 26321421 1 61 theme coated 233:238 arg1 Chi-MCM 266:272 Chi-MCM 266:272 Chi-MCM 266:272 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 61 theme coated 233:238 arg1 cellulose 255:263 chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 224:263 chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) 224:273 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 0 62 dep Adsorption 0:9 arg1 removal 42:48 assisted dye removal 29:48 assisted dye removal 29:48 Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. 26321421 8 63 theme Antibacterial 1250:1262 arg1 activities 1264:1273 Antibacterial activities 1250:1273 Antibacterial activities 1250:1273 Antibacterial activities were also evaluated where ZnO/Chi-MCM displayed a remarkable performance inhibiting the Escherichia coli growth. 26321421 7 64 theme adsorption 1217:1226 arg1 capacity 1228:1235 maximum adsorption capacity 1209:1235 maximum adsorption capacity of 42.8mg/g 1209:1247 ZnO/Chi-MCM showed maximum adsorption capacity of 42.8mg/g. 26321421 1 65 theme microfibriller 240:253 arg1 Chi-MCM 266:272 Chi-MCM 266:272 Chi-MCM 266:272 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 26321421 1 65 theme microfibriller 240:253 arg1 cellulose 255:263 chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose 224:263 chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) 224:273 Pure chitosan and its zinc oxide composite coatings were applied on microfibriller cellulose mat (MCM) to prepare chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (Chi-MCM) and zinc oxide/chitosan coated microfibriller cellulose (ZnO/Chi-MCM), respectively. 25965455 4 0 theme thermal 502:508 arg1 barrier 523:529 thermal, mechanical, barrier 502:529 barrier 523:529 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 4 1 theme nano-hybrid 570:580 arg1 content 582:588 the nano-hybrid content 566:588 the nano-hybrid content 566:588 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 6 2 theme active 816:821 arg1 species 823:829 active species 816:829 active species 816:829 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 0 3 theme release 106:112 arg1 pectins 65:71 pectins 65:71 pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis 65:121 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 0 3 theme release 106:112 arg1 analysis 114:121 controlled release analysis 95:121 controlled release analysis 95:121 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 5 4 theme rosmarinic 645:654 arg1 acid 656:659 the rosmarinic acid 641:659 the rosmarinic acid 641:659 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, was also performed. 25965455 5 5 theme preliminary 593:603 arg1 study 605:609 A preliminary study 591:609 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, 591:688 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, was also performed. 25965455 2 6 theme Different 310:318 arg1 percentages 327:337 Different hybrid percentages 310:337 Different hybrid percentages 310:337 Different hybrid percentages were mixed into a pectin matrix, by ball milling in the presence of water. 25965455 0 7 theme controlled 95:104 arg1 pectins 65:71 pectins 65:71 pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis 65:121 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 0 7 theme controlled 95:104 arg1 analysis 114:121 controlled release analysis 95:121 controlled release analysis 95:121 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 4 8 theme physical 481:488 arg1 properties 490:499 physical properties 481:499 physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) 481:545 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 5 9 theme acid 656:659 arg1 release 630:636 release 630:636 release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, 630:688 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, was also performed. 25965455 6 10 theme active 765:770 arg1 field 782:786 the active packaging field 761:786 the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required 761:841 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 1 11 theme green 183:187 arg1 composites 189:198 green composites 183:198 green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil 183:307 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 1 12 theme composites 189:198 arg1 characterization 163:178 characterization 163:178 characterization 163:178 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 1 12 theme composites 189:198 arg1 preparation 147:157 preparation 147:157 preparation 147:157 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 6 13 theme systems 750:756 arg1 potential 731:739 the potential 727:739 the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required 727:841 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 1 14 theme rosemary 286:293 arg1 oil 305:307 rosemary essential oil 286:307 rosemary essential oil 286:307 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 5 15 theme release 630:636 arg1 kinetics 618:625 the kinetics 614:625 the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, 614:688 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, was also performed. 25965455 1 16 theme essential 295:303 arg1 oil 305:307 rosemary essential oil 286:307 rosemary essential oil 286:307 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 5 17 theme model 674:678 arg1 molecule 680:687 a model molecule 672:687 a model molecule 672:687 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, was also performed. 25965455 2 18 theme hybrid 320:325 arg1 percentages 327:337 Different hybrid percentages 310:337 Different hybrid percentages 310:337 Different hybrid percentages were mixed into a pectin matrix, by ball milling in the presence of water. 25965455 0 19 theme halloysite 14:23 arg1 Dispersion 0:9 Dispersion 0:9 Dispersion of halloysite 0:23 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 0 20 dep pectins 65:71 arg1 Characterization 74:89 Characterization 74:89 Characterization 74:89 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 0 20 dep pectins 65:71 arg1 pectins 65:71 pectins 65:71 pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis 65:121 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 0 20 dep pectins 65:71 arg1 analysis 114:121 controlled release analysis 95:121 controlled release analysis 95:121 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 5 21 from study 605:609 arg1 kinetics 618:625 the kinetics 614:625 the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, 614:688 A preliminary study on the kinetics of release of the rosmarinic acid, chosen as a model molecule, was also performed. 25965455 0 22 theme natural 37:43 arg1 antimicrobials 45:58 natural antimicrobials 37:58 natural antimicrobials 37:58 Dispersion of halloysite loaded with natural antimicrobials into pectins: Characterization and controlled release analysis. 25965455 2 23 theme water 407:411 arg1 presence 395:402 the presence 391:402 the presence of water 391:411 Different hybrid percentages were mixed into a pectin matrix, by ball milling in the presence of water. 25965455 3 24 theme Cast 414:417 arg1 films 419:423 Cast films 414:423 Cast films 414:423 Cast films were obtained and analyzed. 25965455 6 25 theme species 823:829 arg1 release 805:811 controlled release 794:811 controlled release of active species 794:829 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 4 26 dep properties 490:499 arg1 barrier 523:529 thermal, mechanical, barrier 502:529 barrier 523:529 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 4 27 dep thermal 502:508 arg1 mechanical 511:520 mechanical 511:520 mechanical 511:520 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 4 28 theme Structural 453:462 arg1 organization 464:475 Structural organization 453:475 Structural organization 453:475 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 2 29 from milling 380:386 arg1 presence 395:402 the presence 391:402 the presence of water 391:411 Different hybrid percentages were mixed into a pectin matrix, by ball milling in the presence of water. 25965455 2 30 theme pectin 357:362 arg1 matrix 364:369 a pectin matrix 355:369 a pectin matrix 355:369 Different hybrid percentages were mixed into a pectin matrix, by ball milling in the presence of water. 25965455 4 31 theme water 534:538 arg1 vapor 540:544 water vapor 534:544 water vapor 534:544 Structural organization and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier to water vapor) were correlated to the nano-hybrid content. 25965455 6 32 theme packaging 772:780 arg1 field 782:786 the active packaging field 761:786 the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required 761:841 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 6 33 from potential 731:739 arg1 field 782:786 the active packaging field 761:786 the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required 761:841 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 1 34 dep preparation 147:157 arg1 the 143:145 the 143:145 the 143:145 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 6 35 theme controlled 794:803 arg1 release 805:811 controlled release 794:811 controlled release of active species 794:829 This work showed the potential of these systems in the active packaging field where controlled release of active species is required. 25965455 1 36 theme halloysite 246:255 arg1 nanotubes 257:265 halloysite nanotubes 246:265 halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil 246:307 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 1 36 theme halloysite 246:255 arg1 HNTs 268:271 HNTs 268:271 HNTs 268:271 This paper reports the preparation and characterization of green composites based on pectins and nano-hybrids composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with rosemary essential oil. 25965455 2 37 theme ball 375:378 arg1 milling 380:386 ball milling 375:386 ball milling in the presence of water 375:411 Different hybrid percentages were mixed into a pectin matrix, by ball milling in the presence of water. 25298221 10 0 theme lipid 1069:1073 arg1 contents 1089:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents 1033:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents 1033:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. 25298221 10 1 theme Resistant 1033:1041 arg1 starch 1043:1048 Resistant starch 1033:1048 Resistant starch 1033:1048 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. 25298221 12 2 theme bean 1388:1391 arg1 flours 1393:1398 various bean flours 1380:1398 various bean flours 1380:1398 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 2 theme bean 1388:1391 arg1 ingredients 1403:1413 ingredients 1403:1413 ingredients in extruded puffed products 1403:1441 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 0 3 theme beans 69:73 arg1 characterization 18:33 characterization 18:33 characterization 18:33 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 0 3 theme beans 69:73 arg1 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 12 4 theme puffed 1427:1432 arg1 products 1434:1441 extruded puffed products 1418:1441 extruded puffed products 1418:1441 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 9 5 dep 406 g kg 983:990 arg1 to 980:981 to 980:981 to 980:981 Total starch ranged from 398 to 406 g kg(-1) and was not significantly different. 25298221 1 6 theme last 146:149 arg1 decade 151:156 the last decade 142:156 the last decade 142:156 BACKGROUND Consumption of dry beans has been relatively flat over the last decade. 25298221 2 7 theme new 168:170 arg1 products 177:184 new bean products 168:184 new bean products 168:184 Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. 25298221 4 8 theme hedonic 462:468 arg1 scale 470:474 a hedonic scale 460:474 a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability 460:532 Unflavored extruded puffs were evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. 25298221 5 9 theme raw 555:557 arg1 flours 559:564 raw flours 555:564 raw flours 555:564 The compositions of raw flours and extrudates were characterized. 25298221 2 10 theme health 263:268 arg1 benefits 270:277 the health benefits 259:277 the health benefits of beans 259:286 Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. 25298221 8 11 from protein 859:865 arg1 extrudates 889:898 extrudates 889:898 extrudates 889:898 Total protein (198-217 g kg(-1)) in extrudates was significantly different among the three beans. 25298221 10 12 theme total 1051:1055 arg1 lipid 1069:1073 total extractable lipid 1051:1073 total extractable lipid 1051:1073 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. 25298221 5 13 theme flours 559:564 arg1 compositions 539:550 The compositions 535:550 The compositions of raw flours and extrudates 535:579 The compositions of raw flours and extrudates were characterized. 25298221 12 14 theme extruded 1351:1358 arg1 puffs 1360:1364 the unflavored extruded puffs 1336:1364 the unflavored extruded puffs 1336:1364 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 6 15 theme minimum 670:676 arg1 requirement 678:688 the minimum requirement 666:688 the minimum requirement for acceptability 666:706 RESULTS Sensory results indicated that all beans met or exceeded the minimum requirement for acceptability. 25298221 8 16 theme Total 853:857 arg1 198-217 g kg 868:879 198-217 g kg(-1) 868:883 198-217 g kg(-1) 868:883 Total protein (198-217 g kg(-1)) in extrudates was significantly different among the three beans. 25298221 8 16 theme Total 853:857 arg1 protein 859:865 Total protein 853:865 Total protein (198-217 g kg(-1)) in extrudates 853:898 Total protein (198-217 g kg(-1)) in extrudates was significantly different among the three beans. 25298221 12 17 theme various 1380:1386 arg1 flours 1393:1398 various bean flours 1380:1398 various bean flours 1380:1398 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 17 theme various 1380:1386 arg1 ingredients 1403:1413 ingredients 1403:1413 ingredients in extruded puffed products 1403:1441 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 5 18 theme extrudates 570:579 arg1 compositions 539:550 The compositions 535:550 The compositions of raw flours and extrudates 535:579 The compositions of raw flours and extrudates were characterized. 25298221 12 19 theme puffs 1360:1364 arg1 reduction 1280:1288 the significant reduction 1264:1288 the significant reduction in raffinose content 1264:1309 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 19 theme puffs 1360:1364 arg1 acceptability 1319:1331 the acceptability 1315:1331 the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs 1315:1364 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 19 theme puffs 1360:1364 arg1 effects 1225:1231 The minimal effects 1213:1231 The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents 1213:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 20 theme fiber 1248:1252 arg1 contents 1254:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 10 21 theme starch 1043:1048 arg1 contents 1089:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents 1033:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents 1033:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. 25298221 0 22 theme pinto 47:51 arg1 characterization 18:33 characterization 18:33 characterization 18:33 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 0 22 theme pinto 47:51 arg1 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 7 23 theme bean 817:820 arg1 puffs 822:826 black bean puffs 811:826 black bean puffs 811:826 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 25298221 12 24 from reduction 1280:1288 arg1 content 1303:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 24 from reduction 1280:1288 arg1 contents 1254:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 4 25 theme untrained 434:442 arg1 panelists 444:452 untrained panelists 434:452 untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability 434:532 Unflavored extruded puffs were evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. 25298221 12 26 dep CONCLUSION 1202:1211 arg1 support 1366:1372 support 1366:1372 support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products 1366:1441 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 76:85 arg1 Consumption 87:97 BACKGROUND Consumption 76:97 BACKGROUND Consumption of dry beans 76:110 BACKGROUND Consumption of dry beans has been relatively flat over the last decade. 25298221 7 28 theme puffs 822:826 arg1 acceptability 794:806 acceptability 794:806 acceptability of black bean puffs 794:826 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 25298221 10 29 theme raffinose 1079:1087 arg1 contents 1089:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents 1033:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents 1033:1096 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. 25298221 12 30 from effects 1225:1231 arg1 content 1303:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 30 from effects 1225:1231 arg1 contents 1254:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 2 31 theme beans 282:286 arg1 benefits 270:277 the health benefits 259:277 the health benefits of beans 259:286 Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. 25298221 3 32 theme black 320:324 arg1 beans 326:330 black beans 320:330 black beans 320:330 In this study, pinto, navy and black beans were milled and the resulting flours extruded into puffs. 25298221 11 33 theme phytic 1180:1185 arg1 acid 1187:1190 phytic acid 1180:1190 phytic acid 1180:1190 Extrusion did not affect crude fiber and phytic acid contents. 25298221 12 34 theme unflavored 1340:1349 arg1 puffs 1360:1364 the unflavored extruded puffs 1336:1364 the unflavored extruded puffs 1336:1364 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 7 35 theme black 811:815 arg1 puffs 822:826 black bean puffs 811:826 black bean puffs 811:826 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 25298221 11 36 theme crude 1164:1168 arg1 fiber 1170:1174 crude fiber 1164:1174 crude fiber 1164:1174 Extrusion did not affect crude fiber and phytic acid contents. 25298221 4 37 theme overall 512:518 arg1 acceptability 520:532 overall acceptability 512:532 overall acceptability 512:532 Unflavored extruded puffs were evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. 25298221 11 38 theme acid 1187:1190 arg1 contents 1192:1199 crude fiber and phytic acid contents 1164:1199 crude fiber and phytic acid contents 1164:1199 Extrusion did not affect crude fiber and phytic acid contents. 25298221 4 39 theme extruded 401:408 arg1 puffs 410:414 Unflavored extruded puffs 390:414 Unflavored extruded puffs 390:414 Unflavored extruded puffs were evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. 25298221 1 40 theme dry 102:104 arg1 beans 106:110 dry beans 102:110 dry beans 102:110 BACKGROUND Consumption of dry beans has been relatively flat over the last decade. 25298221 9 41 theme Total 951:955 arg1 starch 957:962 Total starch 951:962 Total starch 951:962 Total starch ranged from 398 to 406 g kg(-1) and was not significantly different. 25298221 12 42 theme minimal 1217:1223 arg1 effects 1225:1231 The minimal effects 1213:1231 The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents 1213:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 3 43 theme resulting 352:360 arg1 flours 362:367 the resulting flours 348:367 the resulting flours 348:367 In this study, pinto, navy and black beans were milled and the resulting flours extruded into puffs. 25298221 10 44 theme extractable 1057:1067 arg1 lipid 1069:1073 total extractable lipid 1051:1073 total extractable lipid 1051:1073 Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. 25298221 11 45 theme fiber 1170:1174 arg1 contents 1192:1199 crude fiber and phytic acid contents 1164:1199 crude fiber and phytic acid contents 1164:1199 Extrusion did not affect crude fiber and phytic acid contents. 25298221 4 46 theme Unflavored 390:399 arg1 puffs 410:414 Unflavored extruded puffs 390:414 Unflavored extruded puffs 390:414 Unflavored extruded puffs were evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. 25298221 2 47 theme beans 218:222 arg1 consumption 203:213 the consumption 199:213 the consumption of beans 199:222 Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. 25298221 12 48 from acceptability 1319:1331 arg1 content 1303:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 48 from acceptability 1319:1331 arg1 contents 1254:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 49 theme protein 1236:1242 arg1 contents 1254:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 protein and fiber contents 1236:1261 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 0 50 theme extruded 38:45 arg1 pinto 47:51 extruded pinto 38:51 extruded pinto 38:51 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 12 51 from ingredients 1403:1413 arg1 products 1434:1441 extruded puffed products 1418:1441 extruded puffed products 1418:1441 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 12 52 theme raffinose 1293:1301 arg1 content 1303:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 raffinose content 1293:1309 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 0 53 theme navy 54:57 arg1 characterization 18:33 characterization 18:33 characterization 18:33 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 0 53 theme navy 54:57 arg1 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability 0:12 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 7 54 dep navy 734:737 arg1 beans 749:753 beans 749:753 beans 749:753 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 25298221 1 55 theme beans 106:110 arg1 Consumption 87:97 BACKGROUND Consumption 76:97 BACKGROUND Consumption of dry beans 76:110 BACKGROUND Consumption of dry beans has been relatively flat over the last decade. 25298221 12 56 theme extruded 1418:1425 arg1 products 1434:1441 extruded puffed products 1418:1441 extruded puffed products 1418:1441 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 7 57 theme pinto 743:747 arg1 acceptability 717:729 Overall acceptability 709:729 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans 709:753 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 25298221 12 58 theme significant 1268:1278 arg1 reduction 1280:1288 the significant reduction 1264:1288 the significant reduction in raffinose content 1264:1309 CONCLUSION The minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. 25298221 2 59 theme more 234:237 arg1 consumers 239:247 more consumers 234:247 more consumers 234:247 Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. 25298221 6 60 theme Sensory 609:615 arg1 results 617:623 RESULTS Sensory results 601:623 RESULTS Sensory results 601:623 RESULTS Sensory results indicated that all beans met or exceeded the minimum requirement for acceptability. 25298221 7 61 theme navy 734:737 arg1 acceptability 717:729 Overall acceptability 709:729 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans 709:753 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 25298221 0 62 theme black 63:67 arg1 beans 69:73 black beans 63:73 black beans 63:73 Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans. 25298221 2 63 theme bean 172:175 arg1 products 177:184 new bean products 168:184 new bean products 168:184 Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. 25298221 6 64 theme RESULTS 601:607 arg1 results 617:623 RESULTS Sensory results 601:623 RESULTS Sensory results 601:623 RESULTS Sensory results indicated that all beans met or exceeded the minimum requirement for acceptability. 25298221 7 65 theme Overall 709:715 arg1 acceptability 717:729 Overall acceptability 709:729 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans 709:753 Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. 27343582 4 0 theme component 777:785 arg1 PCA 797:799 PCA 797:799 PCA 797:799 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 0 theme component 777:785 arg1 analysis 787:794 principle component analysis 767:794 principle component analysis (PCA) 767:800 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 8 1 theme C 1664:1664 arg1 metabonomics 1676:1687 (13)C NMR based metabonomics 1660:1687 (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis 1660:1739 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 4 2 theme super 964:968 arg1 light 970:974 super light 964:974 super light 964:974 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 2 theme super 964:968 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 5 3 from additives 1034:1042 arg1 sauce 1051:1055 soy sauce 1047:1055 soy sauce 1047:1055 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 1 4 theme global 227:232 arg1 market 234:239 global market 227:239 global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods 227:312 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 4 5 theme data 748:751 arg1 analysis 753:760 multivariate statistical data analysis 723:760 multivariate statistical data analysis 723:760 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 7 6 theme glutamate 1608:1616 arg1 addition 1585:1592 the addition 1581:1592 the addition of monosodium glutamate 1581:1616 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 4 7 theme soy 1014:1016 arg1 sauce 1018:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 7 theme soy 1014:1016 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 8 8 theme additives 1816:1824 arg1 level 1807:1811 level 1807:1811 level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures 1807:1867 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 8 9 theme multivariate 1702:1713 arg1 analysis 1732:1739 multivariate statistical data analysis 1702:1739 multivariate statistical data analysis 1702:1739 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 5 10 theme NMR 1263:1265 arg1 spectra 1267:1273 (1)H NMR spectra 1258:1273 (1)H NMR spectra 1258:1273 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 6 11 theme soy 1369:1371 arg1 sauce 1373:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 4 12 theme partial 818:824 arg1 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 12 theme partial 818:824 arg1 analysis 852:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis 807:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) 807:869 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 13 theme red 989:991 arg1 cooking 993:999 red cooking 989:999 red cooking 989:999 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 13 theme red 989:991 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 8 14 theme data 1727:1730 arg1 analysis 1732:1739 multivariate statistical data analysis 1702:1739 multivariate statistical data analysis 1702:1739 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 6 15 theme mushroom 1351:1358 arg1 sauce 1373:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 6 16 from sauce 1436:1440 arg1 addition 1409:1416 the addition 1405:1416 the addition of caramel in soy sauce 1405:1440 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 7 17 theme higher 1468:1473 arg1 level 1475:1479 significantly higher level 1454:1479 significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1454:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 4 18 theme square-discriminant 832:850 arg1 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 18 theme square-discriminant 832:850 arg1 analysis 852:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis 807:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) 807:869 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 0 19 theme statistical 116:126 arg1 analysis 128:135 multivariate statistical analysis 103:135 multivariate statistical analysis 103:135 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 4 20 theme sauce 950:954 arg1 sauce 1018:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 20 theme sauce 950:954 arg1 light 970:974 super light 964:974 super light 964:974 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 20 theme sauce 950:954 arg1 dark 983:986 super dark 977:986 super dark 977:986 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 20 theme sauce 950:954 arg1 cooking 993:999 red cooking 989:999 red cooking 989:999 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 20 theme sauce 950:954 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 6 21 theme soy 1432:1434 arg1 sauce 1436:1440 soy sauce 1432:1440 soy sauce 1432:1440 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 3 22 theme soy 521:523 arg1 sauce 525:529 soy sauce 521:529 soy sauce 521:529 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 6 23 theme caramel 1421:1427 arg1 addition 1409:1416 the addition 1405:1416 the addition of caramel in soy sauce 1405:1440 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 5 24 theme NMR 1146:1148 arg1 spectroscopy 1150:1161 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 1140:1161 (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra 1140:1273 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 7 25 theme soy 1557:1559 arg1 sauce 1561:1565 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1539:1565 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1539:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 8 26 theme soy 1781:1783 arg1 sauce 1785:1789 soy sauce 1781:1789 soy sauce 1781:1789 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 1 27 theme Soy 138:140 arg1 a 148:148 Soy sauce a 138:148 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, 138:209 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 7 28 theme mushroom 1539:1546 arg1 sauce 1561:1565 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1539:1565 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1539:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 2 29 theme enhancers 433:441 arg1 addition 385:392 addition 385:392 addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers 385:441 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 2 29 theme enhancers 433:441 arg1 processes 371:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 7 30 dep light 1503:1507 arg1 compared 1512:1519 compared 1512:1519 compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1512:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 8 31 theme based 1670:1674 arg1 metabonomics 1676:1687 (13)C NMR based metabonomics 1660:1687 (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis 1660:1739 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 0 32 theme C 71:71 arg1 spectroscopy 77:88 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 67:88 (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis 67:135 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 8 33 theme statistical 1715:1725 arg1 analysis 1732:1739 multivariate statistical data analysis 1702:1739 multivariate statistical data analysis 1702:1739 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 8 34 theme level 1807:1811 arg1 basis 1798:1802 the basis 1794:1802 the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures 1794:1867 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 8 35 theme fermentation 1845:1856 arg1 procedures 1858:1867 fermentation procedures 1845:1867 fermentation procedures 1845:1867 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 5 36 from signal 1239:1244 arg1 spectra 1267:1273 (1)H NMR spectra 1258:1273 (1)H NMR spectra 1258:1273 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 0 37 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 differences 14:24 Compositional differences 0:24 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types 0:54 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 7 38 theme super 1497:1501 arg1 light 1503:1507 super light 1497:1507 super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1497:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 6 39 attach linked 1395:1400 arg2 concentration 1301:1313 The significantly higher concentration 1276:1313 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1276:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 6 39 attach linked 1395:1400 arg1 addition 1409:1416 the addition 1405:1416 the addition of caramel in soy sauce 1405:1440 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 2 40 theme fermentation 358:369 arg1 processes 371:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 8 41 theme raw 1827:1829 arg1 materials 1831:1839 raw materials 1827:1839 raw materials 1827:1839 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 7 42 theme glutamate 1484:1492 arg1 level 1475:1479 significantly higher level 1454:1479 significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1454:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 0 43 theme soy 40:42 arg1 types 50:54 Chinese soy sauce types 32:54 Chinese soy sauce types 32:54 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 5 44 theme main 1029:1032 arg1 additives 1034:1042 The main additives 1025:1042 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose 1025:1091 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 2 45 theme preservatives 408:420 arg1 addition 385:392 addition 385:392 addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers 385:441 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 2 45 theme preservatives 408:420 arg1 processes 371:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 4 46 theme different 927:935 arg1 sauce 1018:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 46 theme different 927:935 arg1 light 970:974 super light 964:974 super light 964:974 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 46 theme different 927:935 arg1 dark 983:986 super dark 977:986 super dark 977:986 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 46 theme different 927:935 arg1 cooking 993:999 red cooking 989:999 red cooking 989:999 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 46 theme different 927:935 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 3 47 theme soy 573:575 arg1 types 564:568 different types 554:568 different types of soy 554:575 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 4 48 theme multivariate 723:734 arg1 analysis 753:760 multivariate statistical data analysis 723:760 multivariate statistical data analysis 723:760 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 8 49 theme procedures 1858:1867 arg1 level 1807:1811 level 1807:1811 level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures 1807:1867 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 1 50 theme types 260:264 arg1 range 251:255 a wide range 244:255 a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods 244:312 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 4 51 theme super 977:981 arg1 dark 983:986 super dark 977:986 super dark 977:986 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 51 theme super 977:981 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 8 52 theme materials 1831:1839 arg1 level 1807:1811 level 1807:1811 level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures 1807:1867 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 6 53 theme red 1335:1337 arg1 cooking 1339:1345 red cooking 1335:1345 red cooking 1335:1345 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 6 54 from concentration 1301:1313 arg1 dark 1329:1332 dark 1329:1332 dark 1329:1332 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 6 54 from concentration 1301:1313 arg1 sauce 1373:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 6 54 from concentration 1301:1313 arg1 cooking 1339:1345 red cooking 1335:1345 red cooking 1335:1345 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 4 55 theme NMR 693:695 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 687:708 (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) 687:869 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 5 56 dep NMR 1263:1265 arg1 1 1259:1259 1 1259:1259 1 1259:1259 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 8 57 theme NMR 1666:1668 arg1 metabonomics 1676:1687 (13)C NMR based metabonomics 1660:1687 (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis 1660:1739 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 3 58 theme comprehensive 446:458 arg1 NMR 465:467 A comprehensive (1)H NMR 444:467 A comprehensive (1)H NMR 444:467 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 6 59 theme sucrose 1318:1324 arg1 concentration 1301:1313 The significantly higher concentration 1276:1313 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1276:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 4 60 theme principle 767:775 arg1 PCA 797:799 PCA 797:799 PCA 797:799 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 60 theme principle 767:775 arg1 analysis 787:794 principle component analysis 767:794 principle component analysis (PCA) 767:800 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 8 61 theme metabonomics 1676:1687 arg1 potentiality 1644:1655 the potentiality 1640:1655 the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures 1640:1867 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 7 62 theme monosodium 1597:1606 arg1 glutamate 1608:1616 monosodium glutamate 1597:1616 monosodium glutamate 1597:1616 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 6 63 from addition 1409:1416 arg1 sauce 1436:1440 soy sauce 1432:1440 soy sauce 1432:1440 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 3 64 theme H 463:463 arg1 NMR 465:467 A comprehensive (1)H NMR 444:467 A comprehensive (1)H NMR 444:467 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 2 65 theme additives 397:405 arg1 addition 385:392 addition 385:392 addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers 385:441 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 2 65 theme additives 397:405 arg1 processes 371:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 the fermentation processes 354:379 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 4 66 theme statistical 736:746 arg1 analysis 753:760 multivariate statistical data analysis 723:760 multivariate statistical data analysis 723:760 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 1 67 from market 234:239 arg1 available 214:222 available 214:222 available 214:222 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 1 67 from market 234:239 arg1 range 251:255 a wide range 244:255 a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods 244:312 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 5 68 theme H 1261:1261 arg1 NMR 1263:1265 (1)H NMR 1258:1265 (1)H NMR spectra 1258:1273 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 3 69 theme metabonomic 495:505 arg1 variations 507:516 the metabonomic variations 491:516 the metabonomic variations of soy sauce 491:529 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 0 70 theme multivariate 103:114 arg1 analysis 128:135 multivariate statistical analysis 103:135 multivariate statistical analysis 103:135 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 6 71 theme flavored 1360:1367 arg1 sauce 1373:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1351:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 4 72 theme orthogonal 807:816 arg1 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 72 theme orthogonal 807:816 arg1 analysis 852:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis 807:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) 807:869 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 73 theme mushroom 1005:1012 arg1 sauce 1018:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 mushroom soy sauce 1005:1022 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 73 theme mushroom 1005:1012 arg1 types 937:941 different types 927:941 different types of soy sauce 927:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 3 74 theme mixture 660:666 arg1 complexity 642:651 the complexity 638:651 the complexity of the mixture 638:666 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 3 75 theme sauce 525:529 arg1 variations 507:516 the metabonomic variations 491:516 the metabonomic variations of soy sauce 491:529 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 4 76 theme least 826:830 arg1 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 OPLS-DA 862:868 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 4 76 theme least 826:830 arg1 analysis 852:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis 807:859 orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) 807:869 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 6 77 from caramel 1421:1427 arg1 sauce 1436:1440 soy sauce 1432:1440 soy sauce 1432:1440 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 5 78 theme C 1144:1144 arg1 spectroscopy 1150:1161 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 1140:1161 (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra 1140:1273 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 3 79 theme different 554:562 arg1 types 564:568 different types 554:568 different types of soy 554:575 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 8 80 theme sauce 1785:1789 arg1 types 1772:1776 the types 1768:1776 the types of soy sauce 1768:1789 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 1 81 theme sauce 142:146 arg1 a 148:148 Soy sauce a 138:148 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, 138:209 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 7 82 theme flavored 1548:1555 arg1 sauce 1561:1565 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1539:1565 mushroom flavored soy sauce 1539:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 2 83 theme flavor 426:431 arg1 enhancers 433:441 flavor enhancers 426:441 flavor enhancers 426:441 Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. 27343582 0 84 theme NMR 73:75 arg1 spectroscopy 77:88 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 67:88 (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis 67:135 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 4 85 theme present 672:678 arg1 study 680:684 present study 672:684 present study 672:684 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 1 86 theme processing 295:304 arg1 methods 306:312 the processing methods 291:312 the processing methods 291:312 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 7 87 theme super 1524:1528 arg1 dark 1530:1533 super dark 1524:1533 super dark 1524:1533 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 6 88 theme higher 1294:1299 arg1 concentration 1301:1313 The significantly higher concentration 1276:1313 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1276:1377 The significantly higher concentration of sucrose in dark, red cooking and mushroom flavored soy sauce can directly be linked to the addition of caramel in soy sauce. 27343582 7 89 from level 1475:1479 arg1 light 1503:1507 super light 1497:1507 super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce 1497:1565 Similarly, significantly higher level of glutamate in super light as compared to super dark and mushroom flavored soy sauce may come from the addition of monosodium glutamate. 27343582 0 90 theme Chinese 32:38 arg1 types 50:54 Chinese soy sauce types 32:54 Chinese soy sauce types 32:54 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 8 91 theme 13 1661:1662 arg1 C 1664:1664 C 1664:1664 C 1664:1664 The study highlights the potentiality of (13)C NMR based metabonomics coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis in differentiating between the types of soy sauce on the basis of level of additives, raw materials and fermentation procedures. 27343582 5 92 dep signal 1239:1244 arg1 overlaps 1246:1253 overlaps 1246:1253 overlaps 1246:1253 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 4 93 theme soy 946:948 arg1 sauce 950:954 soy sauce 946:954 soy sauce 946:954 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 0 94 theme sauce 44:48 arg1 types 50:54 Chinese soy sauce types 32:54 Chinese soy sauce types 32:54 Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. 27343582 1 95 theme wide 246:249 arg1 range 251:255 a wide range 244:255 a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods 244:312 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 4 96 theme metabonomic 898:908 arg1 variations 910:919 metabonomic variations 898:919 metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce 898:1022 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 1 97 from available 214:222 arg1 market 234:239 global market 227:239 global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods 227:312 Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. 27343582 3 98 theme global 600:605 arg1 market 607:612 the global market 596:612 the global market 596:612 A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture. 27343582 5 99 theme soy 1047:1049 arg1 sauce 1051:1055 soy sauce 1047:1055 soy sauce 1047:1055 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 27343582 4 100 theme C 691:691 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 687:708 (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) 687:869 In present study, (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis like principle component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to investigate metabonomic variations among different types of soy sauce, namely super light, super dark, red cooking and mushroom soy sauce. 27343582 5 101 theme serious 1231:1237 arg1 signal 1239:1244 serious signal overlaps 1231:1253 serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra 1231:1273 The main additives in soy sauce like glutamate, sucrose and glucose were easily distinguished and quantified using (13)C NMR spectroscopy which were otherwise difficult to be assigned and quantified due to serious signal overlaps in (1)H NMR spectra. 26047962 7 0 theme release 1232:1238 arg1 studies 1240:1246 the in vitro drug release studies 1214:1246 the in vitro drug release studies 1214:1246 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 4 1 theme tensile 697:703 arg1 strength 705:712 tensile strength 697:712 tensile strength (2.5 mPa) 697:722 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 4 1 theme tensile 697:703 arg1 mPa 719:721 2.5 mPa 715:721 2.5 mPa 715:721 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 1 2 theme research 146:153 arg1 purpose 130:136 The purpose 126:136 The purpose of this research 126:153 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 8 3 theme potential 1412:1420 arg1 measurements 1422:1433 the zeta potential measurements 1403:1433 the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10) 1403:1450 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 8 3 theme potential 1412:1420 arg1 +0.10 1445:1449 +0.10 1445:1449 +0.10 1445:1449 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 8 4 theme hydrogen 1373:1380 arg1 bonding 1382:1388 increasing hydrogen bonding 1362:1388 increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10) 1362:1450 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 0 5 theme dissolution 68:78 arg1 rate 80:83 dissolution rate and solubility enhancement 68:110 rate 80:83 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 7 6 theme in 1218:1219 arg1 studies 1240:1246 the in vitro drug release studies 1214:1246 the in vitro drug release studies 1214:1246 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 1 7 link Crosslinked 202:212 arg1 carrier 248:254 a new carrier 242:254 a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz 242:315 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 7 link Crosslinked 202:212 arg1 CHC 234:236 CHC 234:236 CHC 234:236 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 7 link Crosslinked 202:212 arg1 Composite 223:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite 200:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) 200:237 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 9 8 theme enhanced 1550:1557 arg1 solubility 1559:1568 enhanced solubility 1550:1568 enhanced solubility 1550:1568 The CHC may be a promising alternative as an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility. 26047962 6 9 theme efavirenz 894:902 arg1 incorporation 877:889 The incorporation 873:889 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC 873:913 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 6 10 theme imagery 1050:1056 arg1 measurements 1079:1090 SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 1046:1090 SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 1046:1090 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 0 11 theme solubility 89:98 arg1 enhancement 100:110 dissolution rate and solubility enhancement 68:110 enhancement 100:110 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 2 12 with blending 351:358 arg1 1:1 422:424 1:1 422:424 1:1 422:424 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 2 12 with blending 351:358 arg1 poly 396:399 poly 396:399 poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) 396:425 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 2 12 with blending 351:358 arg1 acid 409:412 acrylic acid 401:412 acrylic acid 401:412 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 2 12 with blending 351:358 arg1 PAA 416:418 PAA 416:418 PAA 416:418 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 8 13 dep bonding 1382:1388 arg1 proved 1393:1398 proved 1393:1398 proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10) 1393:1450 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 4 14 dep mPa 677:679 arg1 -1 688:689 -1 688:689 -1 688:689 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 4 14 dep mPa 677:679 arg1 s 686:686 500 s 682:686 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1) 654:690 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 9 15 theme oral 1498:1501 arg1 formulation 1503:1513 an oral formulation 1495:1513 an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility 1495:1568 The CHC may be a promising alternative as an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility. 26047962 7 16 theme drug 1227:1230 arg1 studies 1240:1246 the in vitro drug release studies 1214:1246 the in vitro drug release studies 1214:1246 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 1 17 theme new 244:246 arg1 carrier 248:254 a new carrier 242:254 a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz 242:315 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 17 theme new 244:246 arg1 Composite 223:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite 200:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) 200:237 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 2 18 theme vinyl 451:455 arg1 poly 446:449 poly 446:449 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization 446:516 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 2 18 theme vinyl 451:455 arg1 alcohol 457:463 vinyl alcohol 451:463 vinyl alcohol 451:463 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 6 19 from incorporation 877:889 arg1 CHC 911:913 the CHC 907:913 the CHC 907:913 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 4 20 theme rheological 630:640 arg1 properties 642:651 impressive rheological properties 619:651 impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) 619:691 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 7 21 dep enhanced 1139:1146 arg1 times 1153:1157 150 times 1149:1157 150 times 1149:1157 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 3 22 theme varying 564:570 arg1 proportions 572:582 varying proportions 564:582 varying proportions (200-600 mg) 564:595 Efavirenz was loaded in situ into the CHC in varying proportions (200-600 mg). 26047962 3 22 theme varying 564:570 arg1 mg 593:594 200-600 mg 585:594 200-600 mg 585:594 Efavirenz was loaded in situ into the CHC in varying proportions (200-600 mg). 26047962 4 23 theme impressive 619:628 arg1 properties 642:651 impressive rheological properties 619:651 impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) 619:691 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 2 24 theme acrylic 401:407 arg1 poly 396:399 poly 396:399 poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) 396:425 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 2 24 theme acrylic 401:407 arg1 acid 409:412 acrylic acid 401:412 acrylic acid 401:412 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 6 25 theme system 1016:1021 arg1 volume 974:979 pore volume 969:979 pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 969:1090 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 6 25 theme system 1016:1021 arg1 m 957:957 4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g 943:962 4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g 943:962 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 6 25 theme system 1016:1021 arg1 469.547-776.916Å 982:997 469.547-776.916Å 982:997 469.547-776.916Å 982:997 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 6 25 theme system 1016:1021 arg1 area 937:940 the surface area 925:940 the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) 925:963 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 5 26 with compatible 846:855 arg1 efavirenz 862:870 efavirenz 862:870 efavirenz 862:870 The physicochemical and thermal behavior also confirmed that the CHC was compatible with efavirenz. 26047962 2 27 theme physical 342:349 arg1 blending 351:358 physical blending 342:358 physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) 342:425 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 8 28 theme hydration 1253:1261 arg1 medium 1263:1268 The hydration medium 1249:1268 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network 1249:1296 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 7 29 dep in 1218:1219 arg1 vitro 1221:1225 vitro 1221:1225 vitro 1221:1225 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 6 30 theme hydrogel 1007:1014 arg1 system 1016:1021 the hydrogel system 1003:1021 the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 1003:1090 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 8 31 dep +0.10 1445:1449 arg1 to 1442:1443 to 1442:1443 to 1442:1443 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 7 32 theme sustained 1165:1173 arg1 manner 1183:1188 a sustained release manner 1163:1188 a sustained release manner 1163:1188 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 4 33 dep properties 642:651 arg1 mPa 677:679 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa 654:679 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1) 654:690 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 0 34 theme novel 12:16 arg1 composite 54:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 6 35 theme pore 969:972 arg1 volume 974:979 pore volume 969:979 pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 969:1090 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 6 35 theme pore 969:972 arg1 469.547-776.916Å 982:997 469.547-776.916Å 982:997 469.547-776.916Å 982:997 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 0 36 link crosslinked 18:28 arg1 composite 54:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 9 37 theme efavirenz 1535:1543 arg1 delivery 1523:1530 the delivery 1519:1530 the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility 1519:1568 The CHC may be a promising alternative as an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility. 26047962 0 38 theme efavirenz 115:123 arg1 rate 80:83 dissolution rate and solubility enhancement 68:110 rate 80:83 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 0 38 theme efavirenz 115:123 arg1 enhancement 100:110 dissolution rate and solubility enhancement 68:110 enhancement 100:110 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 4 39 theme native 742:747 arg1 PAA 767:769 PAA 767:769 PAA 767:769 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 4 39 theme native 742:747 arg1 HEC 759:761 HEC 759:761 HEC 759:761 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 4 39 theme native 742:747 arg1 polymers 749:756 the native polymers 738:756 the native polymers (HEC and PAA) 738:770 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 9 40 with delivery 1523:1530 arg1 solubility 1559:1568 enhanced solubility 1550:1568 enhanced solubility 1550:1568 The CHC may be a promising alternative as an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility. 26047962 0 41 theme HEC-PAA 30:36 arg1 composite 54:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 8 42 theme increasing 1362:1371 arg1 bonding 1382:1388 increasing hydrogen bonding 1362:1388 increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10) 1362:1450 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 0 43 theme crosslinked 18:28 arg1 composite 54:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 2 44 theme poly 446:449 arg1 presence 434:441 the presence 430:441 the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization 430:516 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 1 45 theme Crosslinked 202:212 arg1 carrier 248:254 a new carrier 242:254 a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz 242:315 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 45 theme Crosslinked 202:212 arg1 CHC 234:236 CHC 234:236 CHC 234:236 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 45 theme Crosslinked 202:212 arg1 Composite 223:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite 200:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) 200:237 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 0 46 theme hydrogel 45:52 arg1 composite 54:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 4 47 dep polymers 749:756 arg1 PAA 767:769 PAA 767:769 PAA 767:769 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 4 47 dep polymers 749:756 arg1 HEC 759:761 HEC 759:761 HEC 759:761 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 4 47 dep polymers 749:756 arg1 polymers 749:756 the native polymers 738:756 the native polymers (HEC and PAA) 738:770 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 6 48 theme area 1074:1077 arg1 measurements 1079:1090 SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 1046:1090 SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements 1046:1090 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 8 49 theme CHC 1286:1288 arg1 network 1290:1296 the CHC network 1282:1296 the CHC network 1282:1296 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 6 50 theme BET 1062:1064 arg1 area 1074:1077 BET surface area 1062:1077 BET surface area 1062:1077 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 0 51 theme porous 38:43 arg1 composite 54:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite 10:62 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 6 52 theme surface 1066:1072 arg1 area 1074:1077 BET surface area 1062:1077 BET surface area 1062:1077 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 9 53 theme promising 1470:1478 arg1 alternative 1480:1490 a promising alternative 1468:1490 a promising alternative 1468:1490 The CHC may be a promising alternative as an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility. 26047962 9 53 theme promising 1470:1478 arg1 CHC 1457:1459 The CHC 1453:1459 The CHC 1453:1459 The CHC may be a promising alternative as an oral formulation for the delivery of efavirenz with enhanced solubility. 26047962 6 54 theme surface 929:935 arg1 m 957:957 4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g 943:962 4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g 943:962 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 6 54 theme surface 929:935 arg1 area 937:940 the surface area 925:940 the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) 925:963 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 1 55 theme anti-HIV 292:299 arg1 efavirenz 307:315 efavirenz 307:315 efavirenz 307:315 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 55 theme anti-HIV 292:299 arg1 drug 301:304 the anti-HIV drug 288:304 the anti-HIV drug 288:304 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 6 56 theme SEM 1046:1048 arg1 imagery 1050:1056 SEM imagery 1046:1056 SEM imagery 1046:1056 The incorporation of efavirenz in the CHC increased the surface area (4.4489-8.4948 m(2)/g) and pore volume (469.547-776.916Å) of the hydrogel system which was confirmed by SEM imagery and BET surface area measurements. 26047962 7 57 theme efavirenz 1111:1119 arg1 solubility 1097:1106 The solubility 1093:1106 The solubility of efavirenz 1093:1119 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 7 58 theme release 1175:1181 arg1 manner 1183:1188 a sustained release manner 1163:1188 a sustained release manner 1163:1188 The solubility of efavirenz was significantly enhanced (150 times) in a sustained release manner over 24h as affirmed by the in vitro drug release studies. 26047962 3 59 from CHC 557:559 arg1 proportions 572:582 varying proportions 564:582 varying proportions (200-600 mg) 564:595 Efavirenz was loaded in situ into the CHC in varying proportions (200-600 mg). 26047962 3 59 from CHC 557:559 arg1 mg 593:594 200-600 mg 585:594 200-600 mg 585:594 Efavirenz was loaded in situ into the CHC in varying proportions (200-600 mg). 26047962 1 60 theme Hydrogel 214:221 arg1 carrier 248:254 a new carrier 242:254 a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz 242:315 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 60 theme Hydrogel 214:221 arg1 CHC 234:236 CHC 234:236 CHC 234:236 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 1 60 theme Hydrogel 214:221 arg1 Composite 223:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite 200:231 a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) 200:237 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 5 61 theme physicochemical 777:791 arg1 behavior 805:812 The physicochemical and thermal behavior 773:812 The physicochemical and thermal behavior 773:812 The physicochemical and thermal behavior also confirmed that the CHC was compatible with efavirenz. 26047962 5 62 theme thermal 797:803 arg1 behavior 805:812 The physicochemical and thermal behavior 773:812 The physicochemical and thermal behavior 773:812 The physicochemical and thermal behavior also confirmed that the CHC was compatible with efavirenz. 26047962 8 63 theme zeta 1407:1410 arg1 measurements 1422:1433 the zeta potential measurements 1403:1433 the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10) 1403:1450 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 8 63 theme zeta 1407:1410 arg1 +0.10 1445:1449 +0.10 1445:1449 +0.10 1445:1449 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 2 64 theme hydroxyethylcellulose 363:383 arg1 blending 351:358 physical blending 342:358 physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) 342:425 The CHC was prepared by physical blending of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (1:1) in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (as a crosslinker) (1:5) under lyophilization. 26047962 4 65 theme viscosity=6053 662:675 arg1 mPa 677:679 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa 654:679 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1) 654:690 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 0 66 theme composite 54:62 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 0:124 Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. 26047962 1 67 theme drug 301:304 arg1 solubility 274:283 the solubility 270:283 the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz 270:315 The purpose of this research was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate a Crosslinked Hydrogel Composite (CHC) as a new carrier for improving the solubility of the anti-HIV drug, efavirenz. 26047962 4 68 theme dynamic 654:660 arg1 mPa 677:679 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa 654:679 dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1) 654:690 The CHC demonstrated impressive rheological properties (dynamic viscosity=6053 mPa; 500 s(-1)) and tensile strength (2.5 mPa) compared with the native polymers (HEC and PAA). 26047962 8 69 theme efavirenz 1337:1345 arg1 solubility 1347:1356 the efavirenz solubility 1333:1356 the efavirenz solubility 1333:1356 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 26047962 8 70 theme pivotal 1307:1313 arg1 role 1315:1318 a pivotal role 1305:1318 a pivotal role 1305:1318 The hydration medium provided by the CHC network played a pivotal role in improving the efavirenz solubility via increasing hydrogen bonding as proved by the zeta potential measurements (-18.0 to +0.10). 28927630 4 0 theme chemical 917:924 arg1 compositions 926:937 chemical compositions 917:937 chemical compositions 917:937 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 5 1 theme EC 1069:1070 arg1 copolymers 1078:1087 EC brush copolymers 1069:1087 EC brush copolymers 1069:1087 Overall, three types of EC brush copolymers all exhibited the desired mechanical properties of TPEs. 28927630 6 2 theme brush 1166:1170 arg1 copolymers 1172:1181 the EC brush copolymers 1159:1181 the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures 1159:1222 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 3 3 theme sustainable 466:476 arg1 TPEs 478:481 sustainable TPEs 466:481 sustainable TPEs 466:481 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 4 4 theme copolymers 978:987 arg1 structures 905:914 The multi-armed structures 889:914 The multi-armed structures 889:914 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 4 4 theme copolymers 978:987 arg1 compositions 926:937 chemical compositions 917:937 chemical compositions 917:937 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 4 4 theme copolymers 978:987 arg1 separation 949:958 phase separation 943:958 phase separation 943:958 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 5 5 theme copolymers 1078:1087 arg1 types 1060:1064 three types 1054:1064 three types of EC brush copolymers 1054:1087 Overall, three types of EC brush copolymers all exhibited the desired mechanical properties of TPEs. 28927630 2 6 theme " 450:450 arg1 combination 410:420 the combination 406:420 the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry" 406:450 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 3 7 theme side 651:654 arg1 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 7 theme side 651:654 arg1 chains 656:661 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 7 theme side 651:654 arg1 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 6 8 theme EC 1163:1164 arg1 copolymers 1172:1181 the EC brush copolymers 1159:1181 the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures 1159:1222 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 3 9 theme chain 814:818 arg1 architectures 820:832 block side chain architectures 803:832 block side chain architectures 803:832 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 1 10 theme renewable 262:270 arg1 nature 272:277 renewable nature 262:277 renewable nature 262:277 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 3 11 from grafting 865:872 arg1 grafting 845:852 the "grafting 840:852 the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods 840:886 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 12 theme polymers 517:524 arg1 chains 656:661 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 12 theme polymers 517:524 arg1 range 508:512 a range 506:512 a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, 506:718 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 12 theme polymers 517:524 arg1 PTHFMA-b-PLMA 705:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 12 theme polymers 517:524 arg1 random-copolymer 542:557 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 12 theme polymers 517:524 arg1 chains 742:747 side chains 737:747 side chains 737:747 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 13 theme mono-block 684:693 arg1 PTHFMA-b-PLMA 705:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 14 dep poly 559:562 arg1 THFMA-co-LMA 623:634 THFMA-co-LMA 623:634 THFMA-co-LMA 623:634 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 14 dep poly 559:562 arg1 P 621:621 P 621:621 P(THFMA-co-LMA) 621:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 0 15 theme click 98:102 arg1 chemistry 104:112 click chemistry 98:112 click chemistry 98:112 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers derived from cellulose, fatty acid and furfural via ATRP and click chemistry. 28927630 5 16 theme mechanical 1115:1124 arg1 properties 1126:1135 the desired mechanical properties 1103:1135 the desired mechanical properties of TPEs 1103:1143 Overall, three types of EC brush copolymers all exhibited the desired mechanical properties of TPEs. 28927630 3 17 theme brush 765:769 arg1 copolymers 771:780 EC brush copolymers 762:780 EC brush copolymers 762:780 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 1 18 theme considerable 178:189 arg1 attention 191:199 considerable attention 178:199 considerable attention 178:199 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 0 19 theme thermoplastic 12:24 arg1 elastomers 26:35 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers 0:35 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers 0:35 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers derived from cellulose, fatty acid and furfural via ATRP and click chemistry. 28927630 2 20 theme sustainable 316:326 arg1 TPEs 328:331 sustainable TPEs 316:331 sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural 316:386 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 2 21 theme fatty 364:368 arg1 acid 370:373 fatty acid 364:373 fatty acid 364:373 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 0 22 theme Sustainable 0:10 arg1 elastomers 26:35 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers 0:35 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers 0:35 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers derived from cellulose, fatty acid and furfural via ATRP and click chemistry. 28927630 4 23 theme brush 972:976 arg1 copolymers 978:987 these EC brush copolymers 963:987 these EC brush copolymers 963:987 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 3 24 dep chains 656:661 arg1 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 24 dep chains 656:661 arg1 chains 656:661 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 24 dep chains 656:661 arg1 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 6 25 theme higher 1231:1236 arg1 strength 1246:1253 higher tensile strength 1231:1253 higher tensile strength 1231:1253 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 6 26 with copolymers 1172:1181 arg1 architectures 1210:1222 dual/block side chain architectures 1188:1222 dual/block side chain architectures 1188:1222 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 4 27 theme EC 969:970 arg1 copolymers 978:987 these EC brush copolymers 963:987 these EC brush copolymers 963:987 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 3 28 theme copolymer 695:703 arg1 PTHFMA-b-PLMA 705:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 6 29 with polymers 1279:1286 arg1 compositions 1301:1312 similar compositions 1293:1312 similar compositions 1293:1312 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 2 30 theme present 301:307 arg1 study 309:313 the present study 297:313 the present study 297:313 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 2 31 theme chemistry 441:449 arg1 " 450:450 "click chemistry" 434:450 "click chemistry" 434:450 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 5 32 theme brush 1072:1076 arg1 copolymers 1078:1087 EC brush copolymers 1069:1087 EC brush copolymers 1069:1087 Overall, three types of EC brush copolymers all exhibited the desired mechanical properties of TPEs. 28927630 5 33 theme desired 1107:1113 arg1 properties 1126:1135 the desired mechanical properties 1103:1135 the desired mechanical properties of TPEs 1103:1143 Overall, three types of EC brush copolymers all exhibited the desired mechanical properties of TPEs. 28927630 4 34 theme 1H 1014:1015 arg1 NMR 1017:1019 1H NMR 1014:1019 1H NMR 1014:1019 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 1 35 theme rigid 218:222 arg1 backbone 224:231 their rigid backbone 212:231 their rigid backbone 212:231 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 2 36 theme click 435:439 arg1 " 450:450 "click chemistry" 434:450 "click chemistry" 434:450 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 3 37 theme side 737:740 arg1 chains 656:661 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 37 theme side 737:740 arg1 range 508:512 a range 506:512 a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, 506:718 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 37 theme side 737:740 arg1 PTHFMA-b-PLMA 705:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA 684:717 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 37 theme side 737:740 arg1 random-copolymer 542:557 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 37 theme side 737:740 arg1 chains 742:747 side chains 737:747 side chains 737:747 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 6 38 theme chain 1204:1208 arg1 architectures 1210:1222 dual/block side chain architectures 1188:1222 dual/block side chain architectures 1188:1222 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 6 39 theme tensile 1238:1244 arg1 strength 1246:1253 higher tensile strength 1231:1253 higher tensile strength 1231:1253 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 0 40 theme fatty 61:65 arg1 acid 67:70 fatty acid 61:70 fatty acid 61:70 Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers derived from cellulose, fatty acid and furfural via ATRP and click chemistry. 28927630 6 41 theme side 1199:1202 arg1 chain 1204:1208 dual/block side chain 1188:1208 dual/block side chain architectures 1188:1222 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 6 42 theme random 1272:1277 arg1 polymers 1279:1286 the random polymers 1268:1286 the random polymers with similar compositions 1268:1312 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 3 43 theme mono 537:540 arg1 random-copolymer 542:557 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 2 44 theme ethyl 342:346 arg1 EC 359:360 EC 359:360 EC 359:360 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 2 44 theme ethyl 342:346 arg1 cellulose 348:356 ethyl cellulose 342:356 ethyl cellulose (EC) 342:361 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 4 45 theme phase 943:947 arg1 separation 949:958 phase separation 943:958 phase separation 943:958 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 6 46 theme similar 1293:1299 arg1 compositions 1301:1312 similar compositions 1293:1312 similar compositions 1293:1312 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 6 47 theme dual/block 1188:1197 arg1 chain 1204:1208 dual/block side chain 1188:1208 dual/block side chain architectures 1188:1222 In addition, the EC brush copolymers with dual/block side chain architectures showed higher tensile strength than that of the random polymers with similar compositions. 28927630 3 48 theme dual 638:641 arg1 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 48 theme dual 638:641 arg1 chains 656:661 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 48 theme dual 638:641 arg1 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 49 theme " 878:878 arg1 methods 880:886 " methods 878:886 " methods 878:886 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 1 50 theme Cellulose-based 115:129 arg1 TPEs 157:160 TPEs 157:160 TPEs 157:160 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 1 50 theme Cellulose-based 115:129 arg1 elastomers 145:154 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers 115:154 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) 115:161 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 3 51 theme block 803:807 arg1 chain 814:818 block side chain 803:818 block side chain architectures 803:832 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 52 from " 858:858 arg1 grafting 845:852 the "grafting 840:852 the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods 840:886 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 53 theme polymer 643:649 arg1 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 PTHFMA 663:668 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 53 theme polymer 643:649 arg1 chains 656:661 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA 638:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 53 theme polymer 643:649 arg1 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 PLMA 674:677 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 1 54 theme thermoplastic 131:143 arg1 TPEs 157:160 TPEs 157:160 TPEs 157:160 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 1 54 theme thermoplastic 131:143 arg1 elastomers 145:154 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers 115:154 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) 115:161 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 3 55 theme side 809:812 arg1 chain 814:818 block side chain 803:818 block side chain architectures 803:832 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 56 theme EC 762:763 arg1 copolymers 771:780 EC brush copolymers 762:780 EC brush copolymers 762:780 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 57 theme higher 488:493 arg1 toughness 495:503 higher toughness 488:503 higher toughness 488:503 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 1 58 theme good 234:237 arg1 properties 250:259 good mechanical properties 234:259 good mechanical properties 234:259 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 3 59 theme tetrahydrofurfuryl 564:581 arg1 poly 559:562 poly 559:562 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 59 theme tetrahydrofurfuryl 564:581 arg1 methacrylate 606:617 tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate 564:617 tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate 564:617 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 60 dep random-copolymer 542:557 arg1 poly 559:562 poly 559:562 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 60 dep random-copolymer 542:557 arg1 methacrylate 606:617 tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate 564:617 tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate 564:617 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 1 61 theme mechanical 239:248 arg1 properties 250:259 good mechanical properties 234:259 good mechanical properties 234:259 Cellulose-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted considerable attention because of their rigid backbone, good mechanical properties, renewable nature and abundance. 28927630 4 62 theme multi-armed 893:903 arg1 structures 905:914 The multi-armed structures 889:914 The multi-armed structures 889:914 The multi-armed structures, chemical compositions and phase separation of these EC brush copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and SEM. 28927630 3 63 theme methacrylate-co-lauryl 583:604 arg1 poly 559:562 poly 559:562 mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA) 537:635 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 3 63 theme methacrylate-co-lauryl 583:604 arg1 methacrylate 606:617 tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate 564:617 tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate 564:617 To fabricate sustainable TPEs with higher toughness, a range of polymers, including mono random-copolymer poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) (P(THFMA-co-LMA), dual polymer side chains PTHFMA and PLMA, and mono-block copolymer PTHFMA-b-PLMA, were designed as side chains to fabricate EC brush copolymers with random, dual or block side chain architectures using the "grafting from" and "grafting onto" methods. 28927630 2 64 theme ATRP 425:428 arg1 combination 410:420 the combination 406:420 the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry" 406:450 In the present study, sustainable TPEs based on ethyl cellulose (EC), fatty acid and furfural were generated by the combination of ATRP and "click chemistry". 28927630 5 65 theme TPEs 1140:1143 arg1 properties 1126:1135 the desired mechanical properties 1103:1135 the desired mechanical properties of TPEs 1103:1143 Overall, three types of EC brush copolymers all exhibited the desired mechanical properties of TPEs. 26050900 3 0 from wt 611:612 arg1 NPs 600:602 NPs 600:602 NPs at 0.5 wt. 600:613 NPs at 0.5 wt. 26050900 8 1 theme hybrid 1369:1374 arg1 materials 1376:1384 the hybrid materials 1365:1384 the hybrid materials 1365:1384 This study also provides novel insights into the properties of the hybrid materials, and shows the approach used to make these materials which results in increased performance for chosen applications. 26050900 4 2 theme X-Ray 789:793 arg1 XRD 808:810 XRD 808:810 XRD 808:810 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 2 theme X-Ray 789:793 arg1 diffraction 795:805 X-Ray diffraction 789:805 X-Ray diffraction (XRD) 789:811 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 7 3 theme residual 1270:1277 arg1 mass 1279:1282 residual mass 1270:1282 residual mass 1270:1282 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 2 4 theme bacterial 398:406 arg1 BC 419:420 BC 419:420 BC 419:420 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 4 theme bacterial 398:406 arg1 cellulose 408:416 bacterial cellulose 398:416 bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) 398:557 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 6 5 theme neat 1183:1186 arg1 BC 1188:1189 the neat BC 1179:1189 the neat BC 1179:1189 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 1 6 theme bacterial 171:179 arg1 BC 192:193 BC 192:193 BC 192:193 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 1 6 theme bacterial 171:179 arg1 cellulose 181:189 bacterial cellulose 171:189 bacterial cellulose (BC) 171:194 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 8 7 theme novel 1327:1331 arg1 insights 1333:1340 novel insights 1327:1340 novel insights into the properties of the hybrid materials 1327:1384 This study also provides novel insights into the properties of the hybrid materials, and shows the approach used to make these materials which results in increased performance for chosen applications. 26050900 0 8 theme hybrid 95:100 arg1 materials 102:110 novel hybrid materials 89:110 novel hybrid materials 89:110 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 0 9 from Biosynthesis 0:11 arg1 presence 43:50 the presence 39:50 the presence of different nanoparticles 39:77 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 0 10 theme novel 89:93 arg1 materials 102:110 novel hybrid materials 89:110 novel hybrid materials 89:110 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 2 11 dep NPs 464:466 arg1 nanoclay 544:551 nanoclay 544:551 nanoclay (NC) 544:556 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 11 dep NPs 464:466 arg1 nanofibrils 479:489 cellulose nanofibrils 469:489 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 469:495 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 11 dep NPs 464:466 arg1 nanoplatelets 518:530 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 498:530 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) 498:537 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 11 dep NPs 464:466 arg1 CNF 492:494 CNF 492:494 CNF 492:494 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 11 dep NPs 464:466 arg1 xGnP 533:536 xGnP 533:536 xGnP 533:536 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 11 dep NPs 464:466 arg1 NC 554:555 NC 554:555 NC 554:555 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 4 12 theme culture 647:653 arg1 medium 655:660 the BC culture medium 640:660 the BC culture medium 640:660 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 1 13 theme BC 261:262 arg1 matrix 264:269 the BC matrix 257:269 the BC matrix 257:269 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 2 14 theme in 582:583 arg1 approach 590:597 an in situ approach 579:597 an in situ approach 579:597 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 4 15 theme nanocomposite 696:708 arg1 structure 710:718 the resulting nanocomposite structure 682:718 the resulting nanocomposite structure 682:718 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 1 16 theme cellulose 181:189 arg1 network 160:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network 113:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) 113:194 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 4 17 dep transform 822:830 arg1 infrared 832:839 infrared 832:839 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 822:860 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 18 from effect 672:677 arg1 structure 710:718 the resulting nanocomposite structure 682:718 the resulting nanocomposite structure 682:718 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 19 theme resulting 686:694 arg1 structure 710:718 the resulting nanocomposite structure 682:718 the resulting nanocomposite structure 682:718 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 7 20 theme BC 1291:1292 arg1 matrix 1294:1299 the BC matrix 1287:1299 the BC matrix 1287:1299 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 2 21 theme cellulose 469:477 arg1 CNF 492:494 CNF 492:494 CNF 492:494 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 21 theme cellulose 469:477 arg1 nanofibrils 479:489 cellulose nanofibrils 469:489 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 469:495 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 8 22 theme increased 1456:1464 arg1 performance 1466:1476 increased performance 1456:1476 increased performance for chosen applications 1456:1500 This study also provides novel insights into the properties of the hybrid materials, and shows the approach used to make these materials which results in increased performance for chosen applications. 26050900 4 23 dep Fourier 814:820 arg1 transform 822:830 transform 822:830 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 822:860 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 6 24 theme BC-NC 1117:1121 arg1 nanomaterials 1123:1135 BC-NC nanomaterials 1117:1135 BC-NC nanomaterials 1117:1135 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 8 25 theme chosen 1482:1487 arg1 applications 1489:1500 chosen applications 1482:1500 chosen applications 1482:1500 This study also provides novel insights into the properties of the hybrid materials, and shows the approach used to make these materials which results in increased performance for chosen applications. 26050900 4 26 theme BC 644:645 arg1 medium 655:660 the BC culture medium 640:660 the BC culture medium 640:660 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 7 27 theme matrix 1294:1299 arg1 stability 1256:1264 thermal stability 1248:1264 thermal stability 1248:1264 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 7 27 theme matrix 1294:1299 arg1 mass 1279:1282 residual mass 1270:1282 residual mass 1270:1282 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 7 28 theme BC 1219:1220 arg1 matrix 1222:1227 the BC matrix 1215:1227 the BC matrix 1215:1227 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 0 29 theme cellulose 26:34 arg1 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles 0:77 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 5 30 theme BC 986:987 arg1 matrix 989:994 the BC matrix 982:994 the BC matrix 982:994 All BC-based nanomaterials produced, exhibited good dispersion of the NPs within the BC matrix and the NPs were found embedded among the voids and microfibrils. 26050900 6 31 theme BC-xGnP 1105:1111 arg1 mass 1097:1100 residual mass 1088:1100 residual mass 1088:1100 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 6 31 theme BC-xGnP 1105:1111 arg1 stability 1074:1082 thermal stability 1066:1082 thermal stability 1066:1082 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 6 32 theme nanomaterials 1123:1135 arg1 mass 1097:1100 residual mass 1088:1100 residual mass 1088:1100 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 6 32 theme nanomaterials 1123:1135 arg1 stability 1074:1082 thermal stability 1066:1082 thermal stability 1066:1082 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 2 33 theme graphite 509:516 arg1 xGnP 533:536 xGnP 533:536 xGnP 533:536 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 33 theme graphite 509:516 arg1 nanoplatelets 518:530 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 498:530 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) 498:537 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 0 34 theme bacterial 16:24 arg1 cellulose 26:34 bacterial cellulose 16:34 bacterial cellulose 16:34 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 5 35 theme NPs 971:973 arg1 dispersion 953:962 good dispersion 948:962 good dispersion of the NPs within the BC matrix 948:994 All BC-based nanomaterials produced, exhibited good dispersion of the NPs within the BC matrix and the NPs were found embedded among the voids and microfibrils. 26050900 2 36 theme novel 365:369 arg1 nanomaterials 371:383 novel nanomaterials 365:383 novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) 365:557 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 1 37 theme advanced 281:288 arg1 nanomaterials 310:322 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials 281:322 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications 281:347 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 4 38 theme emission 741:748 arg1 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 38 theme emission 741:748 arg1 microscopy 768:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy 735:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 735:786 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 6 39 dep stability 1074:1082 arg1 The 1062:1064 The 1062:1064 The 1062:1064 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 2 40 theme NPs 464:466 arg1 presence 442:449 the presence 438:449 the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) 438:557 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 1 41 theme BC-based 290:297 arg1 nanomaterials 310:322 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials 281:322 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications 281:347 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 2 42 dep in 582:583 arg1 situ 585:588 situ 585:588 situ 585:588 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 7 43 theme CNF 1192:1194 arg1 incorporation 1196:1208 CNF incorporation 1192:1208 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix 1192:1227 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 2 44 theme different 454:462 arg1 NPs 464:466 different NPs 454:466 different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) 454:557 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 1 45 theme functional 299:308 arg1 nanomaterials 310:322 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials 281:322 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications 281:347 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 4 46 theme thermogravimetric 867:883 arg1 analysis 885:892 thermogravimetric analysis 867:892 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 867:898 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 46 theme thermogravimetric 867:883 arg1 TGA 895:897 TGA 895:897 TGA 895:897 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 47 theme electron 759:766 arg1 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 47 theme electron 759:766 arg1 microscopy 768:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy 735:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 735:786 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 6 48 theme thermal 1066:1072 arg1 stability 1074:1082 thermal stability 1066:1082 thermal stability 1066:1082 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 8 49 theme materials 1376:1384 arg1 properties 1351:1360 the properties 1347:1360 the properties of the hybrid materials 1347:1384 This study also provides novel insights into the properties of the hybrid materials, and shows the approach used to make these materials which results in increased performance for chosen applications. 26050900 5 50 theme good 948:951 arg1 dispersion 953:962 good dispersion 948:962 good dispersion of the NPs within the BC matrix 948:994 All BC-based nanomaterials produced, exhibited good dispersion of the NPs within the BC matrix and the NPs were found embedded among the voids and microfibrils. 26050900 4 51 theme scanning 750:757 arg1 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 51 theme scanning 750:757 arg1 microscopy 768:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy 735:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 735:786 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 1 52 theme unique 117:122 arg1 network 160:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network 113:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) 113:194 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 4 53 theme field 735:739 arg1 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 FE-SEM 780:785 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 4 53 theme field 735:739 arg1 microscopy 768:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy 735:777 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 735:786 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 1 54 theme micro-nano 124:133 arg1 network 160:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network 113:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) 113:194 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 7 55 dep stability 1256:1264 arg1 the 1244:1246 the 1244:1246 the 1244:1246 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 7 56 theme thermal 1248:1254 arg1 stability 1256:1264 thermal stability 1248:1264 thermal stability 1248:1264 CNF incorporation into the BC matrix did not change the thermal stability and residual mass of the BC matrix. 26050900 1 57 theme porous 135:140 arg1 network 160:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network 113:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) 113:194 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 1 58 theme nanoparticles 232:244 arg1 incorporation 215:227 the incorporation 211:227 the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix 211:269 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 0 59 theme nanoparticles 65:77 arg1 presence 43:50 the presence 39:50 the presence of different nanoparticles 39:77 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 6 60 theme residual 1088:1095 arg1 mass 1097:1100 residual mass 1088:1100 residual mass 1088:1100 The thermal stability and residual mass of BC-xGnP and BC-NC nanomaterials was significantly increased compared with the neat BC. 26050900 1 61 theme three-dimensional 142:158 arg1 network 160:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network 113:166 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) 113:194 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 0 62 theme different 55:63 arg1 nanoparticles 65:77 different nanoparticles 55:77 different nanoparticles 55:77 Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. 26050900 1 63 theme diverse 328:334 arg1 applications 336:347 diverse applications 328:347 diverse applications 328:347 The unique micro-nano porous three-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose (BC) can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the BC matrix to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for diverse applications. 26050900 5 64 theme BC-based 905:912 arg1 nanomaterials 914:926 All BC-based nanomaterials 901:926 All BC-based nanomaterials 901:926 All BC-based nanomaterials produced, exhibited good dispersion of the NPs within the BC matrix and the NPs were found embedded among the voids and microfibrils. 26050900 4 65 theme % 614:614 arg1 loading 616:622 % loading 614:622 % loading 614:622 % loading were added into the BC culture medium and their effect on the resulting nanocomposite structure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26050900 2 66 theme exfoliated 498:507 arg1 xGnP 533:536 xGnP 533:536 xGnP 533:536 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 26050900 2 66 theme exfoliated 498:507 arg1 nanoplatelets 518:530 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 498:530 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) 498:537 In this study, novel nanomaterials comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized in the presence of different NPs (cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP), and nanoclay (NC)) were prepared using an in situ approach. 29078183 3 0 contain contained 368:376 arg2 patch 392:396 a hydrophobic patch 378:396 a hydrophobic patch 378:396 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 3 0 contain contained 368:376 arg1 protein 360:366 The protein 356:366 The protein 356:366 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 3 0 contain contained 368:376 arg2 domain 417:422 a glycosylated domain 402:422 a glycosylated domain 402:422 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 1 1 theme natural 162:168 arg1 materials 170:178 many natural materials 157:178 many natural materials 157:178 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 1 2 theme Precise 71:77 arg1 organization 79:90 Precise organization 71:90 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules 71:136 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 3 3 theme nanotubes 514:522 arg1 interface 490:498 the interface 486:498 the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose 486:556 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 4 4 theme electrical 610:619 arg1 conductivity 621:632 The electrical conductivity 606:632 The electrical conductivity of the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites 606:680 The electrical conductivity of the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites was improved by approximately 5-fold when the protein modified nanotubes where applied. 29078183 3 5 theme hydrophobic 380:390 arg1 patch 392:396 a hydrophobic patch 378:396 a hydrophobic patch 378:396 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 3 6 theme cellulose 548:556 arg1 interface 490:498 the interface 486:498 the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose 486:556 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 5 7 theme properties 805:814 arg1 improvement 775:785 improvement 775:785 improvement of the mechanical properties due to the proteins 775:834 Also improvement of the mechanical properties due to the proteins was observed. 29078183 0 8 theme amphiphilic 36:46 arg1 proteins 61:68 amphiphilic glycosylated proteins 36:68 amphiphilic glycosylated proteins 36:68 Modification of carbon nanotubes by amphiphilic glycosylated proteins. 29078183 5 9 theme mechanical 794:803 arg1 properties 805:814 the mechanical properties 790:814 the mechanical properties 790:814 Also improvement of the mechanical properties due to the proteins was observed. 29078183 1 10 theme nanomaterials 95:107 arg1 organization 79:90 Precise organization 71:90 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules 71:136 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 3 11 gly glycosylated 404:415 arg1 domain 417:422 a glycosylated domain 402:422 a glycosylated domain 402:422 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 3 12 theme glycosylated 404:415 arg1 domain 417:422 a glycosylated domain 402:422 a glycosylated domain 402:422 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 0 13 gly glycosylated 48:59 arg1 proteins 61:68 amphiphilic glycosylated proteins 36:68 amphiphilic glycosylated proteins 36:68 Modification of carbon nanotubes by amphiphilic glycosylated proteins. 29078183 2 14 theme cellulose 338:346 arg1 matrix 348:353 nanofibrillated cellulose matrix 322:353 nanofibrillated cellulose matrix 322:353 In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix. 29078183 0 15 theme carbon 16:21 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of carbon 0:21 Modification of carbon nanotubes by amphiphilic glycosylated proteins. 29078183 2 16 theme nanofibrillated 322:336 arg1 matrix 348:353 nanofibrillated cellulose matrix 322:353 nanofibrillated cellulose matrix 322:353 In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix. 29078183 4 17 theme composites 671:680 arg1 conductivity 621:632 The electrical conductivity 606:632 The electrical conductivity of the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites 606:680 The electrical conductivity of the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites was improved by approximately 5-fold when the protein modified nanotubes where applied. 29078183 1 18 with organization 79:90 arg1 biomolecules 125:136 functional biomolecules 114:136 functional biomolecules 114:136 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 0 19 theme glycosylated 48:59 arg1 proteins 61:68 amphiphilic glycosylated proteins 36:68 amphiphilic glycosylated proteins 36:68 Modification of carbon nanotubes by amphiphilic glycosylated proteins. 29078183 3 20 theme dual 439:442 arg1 functionality 444:456 its dual functionality 435:456 its dual functionality 435:456 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 3 21 theme carbon 507:512 arg1 nanotubes 514:522 the carbon nanotubes 503:522 the carbon nanotubes 503:522 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 2 22 theme carbon 209:214 arg1 nanotubes 216:224 single-walled carbon nanotubes 195:224 single-walled carbon nanotubes 195:224 In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix. 29078183 1 23 theme key 145:147 arg1 role 149:152 a key role 143:152 a key role 143:152 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 1 24 theme functional 114:123 arg1 biomolecules 125:136 functional biomolecules 114:136 functional biomolecules 114:136 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 2 25 theme single-walled 195:207 arg1 nanotubes 216:224 single-walled carbon nanotubes 195:224 single-walled carbon nanotubes 195:224 In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix. 29078183 3 26 theme nanofibrillated 532:546 arg1 cellulose 548:556 the nanofibrillated cellulose 528:556 the nanofibrillated cellulose 528:556 The protein contained a hydrophobic patch and a glycosylated domain and due to its dual functionality, it was able to assemble at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the nanofibrillated cellulose and thus enhance the interactions between them. 29078183 2 27 theme amphiphilic 267:277 arg1 protein 279:285 a self-assembling amphiphilic protein 249:285 a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix 249:353 In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix. 29078183 4 28 theme nanotube 662:669 arg1 composites 671:680 the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites 637:680 the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites 637:680 The electrical conductivity of the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites was improved by approximately 5-fold when the protein modified nanotubes where applied. 29078183 2 29 theme self-assembling 251:265 arg1 protein 279:285 a self-assembling amphiphilic protein 249:285 a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix 249:353 In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by a self-assembling amphiphilic protein that enabled their dispersion into nanofibrillated cellulose matrix. 29078183 1 30 theme many 157:160 arg1 materials 170:178 many natural materials 157:178 many natural materials 157:178 Precise organization of nanomaterials with functional biomolecules play a key role in many natural materials. 29078183 4 31 theme nanocellulose/carbon 641:660 arg1 composites 671:680 the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites 637:680 the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites 637:680 The electrical conductivity of the nanocellulose/carbon nanotube composites was improved by approximately 5-fold when the protein modified nanotubes where applied. 28402304 6 0 theme initial 860:866 arg1 concentration 872:884 an initial dye concentration 857:884 an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L 857:895 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 3 1 dep parameters 369:378 arg1 influence 383:391 influence 383:391 to influence the adsorption of MO 380:412 The parameters to influence the adsorption of MO were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamics. 28402304 10 2 theme adsorbent 1320:1328 arg1 chitosan/diatomite 1266:1283 the chitosan/diatomite 1262:1283 the chitosan/diatomite 1262:1283 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 10 2 theme adsorbent 1320:1328 arg1 potential 1310:1318 a potential 1308:1318 a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution 1308:1370 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 5 3 theme optimal 632:638 arg1 5.0 660:662 5.0 660:662 5.0 660:662 The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. 28402304 5 3 theme optimal 632:638 arg1 value 640:644 The optimal value 628:644 The optimal value of the pH 628:654 The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. 28402304 7 4 theme kinetic 902:908 arg1 data 910:913 The kinetic data 898:913 The kinetic data 898:913 The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second order model. 28402304 2 5 theme microscopy 344:353 arg1 analysis 355:362 scanning electron microscopy analysis 326:362 scanning electron microscopy analysis 326:362 The composite adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. 28402304 0 6 from Adsorption 0:9 arg1 solution 41:48 aqueous solution 33:48 aqueous solution 33:48 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 6 7 theme Freundlich 766:775 arg1 isotherm 777:784 the Freundlich isotherm 762:784 the Freundlich isotherm 762:784 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 6 8 theme % 849:849 arg1 rate 836:839 a removal rate 826:839 a removal rate of 88.37% 826:849 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 6 8 theme % 849:849 arg1 capacity 813:820 capacity 813:820 capacity 813:820 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 8 9 theme thermodynamic 973:985 arg1 calculations 987:998 The thermodynamic calculations 969:998 The thermodynamic calculations 969:998 The thermodynamic calculations revealed that the sorption was viable, spontaneous, and exothermic under the conditions studied. 28402304 1 10 from mixture 148:154 arg1 ratio 168:172 the mass ratio 159:172 the mass ratio 159:172 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 1 11 theme simple 141:146 arg1 mixture 148:154 a simple mixture 139:154 a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study 139:234 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 2 12 dep Fourier 282:288 arg1 transform 290:298 transform 290:298 transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis 290:362 The composite adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. 28402304 9 13 theme good 1147:1150 arg1 adsorption 1152:1161 good adsorption 1147:1161 good adsorption 1147:1161 In addition, the chitosan/diatomite composite had good adsorption and desorption performance with respect to reusability after six cycles. 28402304 3 14 theme such 433:436 arg1 conditions 438:447 such conditions 433:447 such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamics 433:511 The parameters to influence the adsorption of MO were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamics. 28402304 0 15 theme aqueous 33:39 arg1 solution 41:48 aqueous solution 33:48 aqueous solution 33:48 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 4 16 theme equilibrium 585:595 arg1 time 597:600 the equilibrium time 581:600 the equilibrium time 581:600 The results revealed that adsorption of MO was initially rapid and the equilibrium time was reached after 40 min. 28402304 10 17 theme aqueous 1355:1361 arg1 solution 1363:1370 aqueous solution 1355:1370 aqueous solution 1355:1370 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 1 18 theme novel 88:92 arg1 composite 113:121 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite 86:121 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite 86:121 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 0 19 from solution 41:48 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution 0:48 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 0 19 from solution 41:48 arg1 orange 21:26 methyl orange 14:26 methyl orange from aqueous solution 14:48 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 9 20 theme desorption 1167:1176 arg1 performance 1178:1188 desorption performance 1167:1188 desorption performance 1167:1188 In addition, the chitosan/diatomite composite had good adsorption and desorption performance with respect to reusability after six cycles. 28402304 1 21 theme chitosan/diatomite 94:111 arg1 composite 113:121 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite 86:121 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite 86:121 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 1 22 theme methyl 184:189 arg1 MO 199:200 MO 199:200 MO 199:200 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 1 22 theme methyl 184:189 arg1 orange 191:196 methyl orange 184:196 methyl orange (MO) 184:201 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 0 23 theme orange 21:26 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution 0:48 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 10 24 attach removal 1338:1344 arg3 solution 1363:1370 aqueous solution 1355:1370 aqueous solution 1355:1370 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 10 24 attach removal 1338:1344 arg2 MO 1349:1350 MO 1349:1350 MO 1349:1350 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 6 25 theme Langmuir 732:739 arg1 isotherm 741:748 the Langmuir isotherm 728:748 the Langmuir isotherm 728:748 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 9 26 theme chitosan/diatomite 1114:1131 arg1 composite 1133:1141 the chitosan/diatomite composite 1110:1141 the chitosan/diatomite composite 1110:1141 In addition, the chitosan/diatomite composite had good adsorption and desorption performance with respect to reusability after six cycles. 28402304 0 27 theme methyl 14:19 arg1 orange 21:26 methyl orange 14:26 methyl orange from aqueous solution 14:48 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 5 28 theme better 668:673 arg1 adsorption 675:684 better adsorption 668:684 better adsorption 668:684 The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. 28402304 6 29 theme removal 828:834 arg1 rate 836:839 a removal rate 826:839 a removal rate of 88.37% 826:849 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 1 30 theme mass 163:166 arg1 ratio 168:172 the mass ratio 159:172 the mass ratio 159:172 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 3 31 theme adsorption 462:471 arg1 isotherm 473:480 adsorption isotherm 462:480 adsorption isotherm 462:480 The parameters to influence the adsorption of MO were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamics. 28402304 3 32 theme MO 411:412 arg1 adsorption 397:406 the adsorption 393:406 the adsorption of MO 393:412 The parameters to influence the adsorption of MO were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamics. 28402304 4 33 theme MO 554:555 arg1 adsorption 540:549 adsorption 540:549 adsorption of MO 540:555 The results revealed that adsorption of MO was initially rapid and the equilibrium time was reached after 40 min. 28402304 10 34 from removal 1338:1344 arg1 solution 1363:1370 aqueous solution 1355:1370 aqueous solution 1355:1370 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 6 35 theme mg/L 892:895 arg1 concentration 872:884 an initial dye concentration 857:884 an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L 857:895 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 7 36 theme order 956:960 arg1 model 962:966 the pseudo-second order model 938:966 the pseudo-second order model 938:966 The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second order model. 28402304 6 37 dep capacity 813:820 arg1 the 801:803 the 801:803 the 801:803 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 1 38 attach remove 177:182 arg1 media 216:220 aqueous media 208:220 aqueous media 208:220 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 1 38 attach remove 177:182 arg2 mixture 148:154 a simple mixture 139:154 a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study 139:234 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 2 39 theme electron 335:342 arg1 microscopy 344:353 scanning electron microscopy 326:353 scanning electron microscopy analysis 326:362 The composite adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. 28402304 3 40 theme pH 483:484 arg1 effect 486:491 pH effect 483:491 pH effect 483:491 The parameters to influence the adsorption of MO were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamics. 28402304 5 41 theme pH 653:654 arg1 5.0 660:662 5.0 660:662 5.0 660:662 The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. 28402304 5 41 theme pH 653:654 arg1 value 640:644 The optimal value 628:644 The optimal value of the pH 628:654 The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. 28402304 6 42 theme highest 805:811 arg1 capacity 813:820 capacity 813:820 capacity 813:820 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 2 43 theme scanning 326:333 arg1 microscopy 344:353 scanning electron microscopy 326:353 scanning electron microscopy analysis 326:362 The composite adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. 28402304 7 44 theme pseudo-second 942:954 arg1 model 962:966 the pseudo-second order model 938:966 the pseudo-second order model 938:966 The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second order model. 28402304 2 45 dep transform 290:298 arg1 infrared 300:307 infrared 300:307 transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis 290:362 The composite adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. 28402304 1 46 theme aqueous 208:214 arg1 media 216:220 aqueous media 208:220 aqueous media 208:220 A novel chitosan/diatomite composite was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media in this study. 28402304 9 47 contain had 1143:1145 arg2 performance 1178:1188 desorption performance 1167:1188 desorption performance 1167:1188 In addition, the chitosan/diatomite composite had good adsorption and desorption performance with respect to reusability after six cycles. 28402304 9 47 contain had 1143:1145 arg1 composite 1133:1141 the chitosan/diatomite composite 1110:1141 the chitosan/diatomite composite 1110:1141 In addition, the chitosan/diatomite composite had good adsorption and desorption performance with respect to reusability after six cycles. 28402304 9 47 contain had 1143:1145 arg2 adsorption 1152:1161 good adsorption 1147:1161 good adsorption 1147:1161 In addition, the chitosan/diatomite composite had good adsorption and desorption performance with respect to reusability after six cycles. 28402304 10 48 theme MO 1349:1350 arg1 removal 1338:1344 the removal 1334:1344 the removal of MO in aqueous solution 1334:1370 These results showed that the chitosan/diatomite could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MO in aqueous solution. 28402304 0 49 theme chitosan/diatomite 56:73 arg1 composite 75:83 chitosan/diatomite composite 56:83 chitosan/diatomite composite 56:83 Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using chitosan/diatomite composite. 28402304 6 50 theme dye 868:870 arg1 concentration 872:884 an initial dye concentration 857:884 an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L 857:895 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28402304 6 51 theme equilibrium 691:701 arg1 data 703:706 The equilibrium data 687:706 The equilibrium data 687:706 The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and a removal rate of 88.37% under an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. 28374682 3 0 theme grade 517:521 arg1 networks 555:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 7 1 theme finite 1497:1502 arg1 p-FEM 1520:1524 p-FEM 1520:1524 p-FEM 1520:1524 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 7 1 theme finite 1497:1502 arg1 method 1512:1517 the finite element method 1493:1517 the finite element method (p-FEM) 1493:1525 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 3 2 theme networks 555:562 arg1 fabrication 494:504 fabrication 494:504 fabrication 494:504 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 3 2 theme networks 555:562 arg1 design 483:488 design 483:488 design 483:488 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 3 theme tissue-engineered 1741:1757 arg1 constructs 1759:1768 cartilage tissue-engineered constructs 1731:1768 cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage 1731:1882 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 4 4 theme cartilage 903:911 arg1 engineering 920:930 cartilage tissue engineering 903:930 cartilage tissue engineering 903:930 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 4 5 theme dynamic 710:716 arg1 conditions 740:749 dynamic and prolonged loading conditions 710:749 dynamic and prolonged loading conditions 710:749 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 6 6 theme fibrous 1188:1194 arg1 networks 1196:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 8 7 theme transient 1795:1803 arg1 equilibrium 1806:1816 the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties 1783:1853 equilibrium 1806:1816 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 1 8 theme load-bearing 188:199 arg1 joints 201:206 load-bearing joints 188:206 load-bearing joints during dynamic loading 188:229 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 4 9 theme fiber-reinforced 661:676 arg1 constructs 678:687 these fiber-reinforced constructs 655:687 these fiber-reinforced constructs 655:687 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 6 10 theme human 1385:1389 arg1 culture 1403:1409 in vitro human chondrocyte culture 1376:1409 in vitro human chondrocyte culture 1376:1409 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 5 11 theme soft 1118:1121 arg1 hydrogel 1091:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel 1023:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) 1023:1109 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 11 theme soft 1118:1121 arg1 matrix 1123:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 8 12 theme equilibrium 1806:1816 arg1 properties 1844:1853 the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties 1783:1853 properties 1844:1853 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 7 13 theme compressive 1658:1668 arg1 moduli 1670:1675 compressive moduli 1658:1675 compressive moduli 1658:1675 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 6 14 theme in 1376:1377 arg1 culture 1403:1409 in vitro human chondrocyte culture 1376:1409 in vitro human chondrocyte culture 1376:1409 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 3 15 theme hydrogel 594:601 arg1 matrices 603:610 soft hydrogel matrices 589:610 soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering 589:643 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 16 theme dynamic 1822:1828 arg1 properties 1844:1853 the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties 1783:1853 properties 1844:1853 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 1 17 theme view 125:128 arg1 point 116:120 a material science point 97:120 a material science point of view 97:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 5 18 theme articular 994:1002 arg1 cartilage 1004:1012 articular cartilage 994:1012 articular cartilage 994:1012 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 3 19 theme fibrous 547:553 arg1 networks 555:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 5 20 theme proteoglycan 971:982 arg1 matrix 984:989 the proteoglycan matrix 967:989 the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage 967:1012 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 4 21 theme prolonged 722:730 arg1 conditions 740:749 dynamic and prolonged loading conditions 710:749 dynamic and prolonged loading conditions 710:749 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 3 22 theme tissue 626:631 arg1 engineering 633:643 cartilage tissue engineering 616:643 cartilage tissue engineering 616:643 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 23 theme human 1858:1862 arg1 cartilage 1874:1882 human articular cartilage 1858:1882 human articular cartilage 1858:1882 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 5 24 theme present 940:946 arg1 study 948:952 the present study 936:952 the present study 936:952 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 8 25 theme cartilage 1874:1882 arg1 properties 1844:1853 the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties 1783:1853 properties 1844:1853 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 2 26 theme collagen 273:280 arg1 network 288:294 a collagen fiber network 271:294 a collagen fiber network 271:294 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 1 27 theme Articular 72:80 arg1 cartilage 82:90 Articular cartilage 72:90 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view 72:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 1 27 theme Articular 72:80 arg1 composite 148:156 a soft network composite 133:156 a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading 133:229 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 6 28 theme neocartilage 1415:1426 arg1 formation 1428:1436 neocartilage formation 1415:1436 neocartilage formation 1415:1436 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 4 29 theme design 782:787 arg1 approaches 789:798 more targeted design approaches 768:798 more targeted design approaches 768:798 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 0 30 theme Biofabricated 0:12 arg1 composites 27:36 Biofabricated soft network composites 0:36 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 0:70 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 1 31 theme material 99:106 arg1 point 116:120 a material science point 97:120 a material science point of view 97:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 0 32 theme network 19:25 arg1 composites 27:36 Biofabricated soft network composites 0:36 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 0:70 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 7 33 theme deformation 1584:1594 arg1 mechanisms 1596:1605 the deformation mechanisms 1580:1605 the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico 1580:1633 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 5 34 theme cartilage 1004:1012 arg1 matrix 984:989 the proteoglycan matrix 967:989 the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage 967:1012 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 3 35 theme electrospinning 448:462 arg1 writing 464:470 Melt electrospinning writing 443:470 Melt electrospinning writing 443:470 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 0 36 theme tissue 52:57 arg1 engineering 59:69 cartilage tissue engineering 42:69 cartilage tissue engineering 42:69 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 7 37 theme further 1558:1564 arg1 insights 1566:1573 further insights 1558:1573 further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico 1558:1633 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 5 38 theme /heparin 1082:1089 arg1 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 38 theme /heparin 1082:1089 arg1 hydrogel 1091:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel 1023:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) 1023:1109 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 38 theme /heparin 1082:1089 arg1 matrix 1123:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 6 39 theme mPCL 1166:1169 arg1 networks 1196:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 2 40 theme composite 236:244 arg1 structure 246:254 Its composite structure 232:254 Its composite structure 232:254 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 1 41 from point 116:120 arg1 cartilage 82:90 Articular cartilage 72:90 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view 72:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 1 41 from point 116:120 arg1 composite 148:156 a soft network composite 133:156 a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading 133:229 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 1 42 theme dynamic 215:221 arg1 loading 223:229 dynamic loading 215:229 dynamic loading 215:229 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 5 43 theme star-shaped 1049:1059 arg1 poly 1061:1064 star-shaped poly 1049:1064 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) 1023:1109 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 43 theme star-shaped 1049:1059 arg1 glycol 1075:1080 ethylene glycol 1066:1080 ethylene glycol 1066:1080 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 1 44 theme network 140:146 arg1 cartilage 82:90 Articular cartilage 72:90 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view 72:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 1 44 theme network 140:146 arg1 composite 148:156 a soft network composite 133:156 a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading 133:229 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 3 45 theme polycaprolactone 523:538 arg1 networks 555:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 6 46 theme soft 1137:1140 arg1 hydrogels 1142:1150 These soft hydrogels 1131:1150 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1131:1203 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 6 47 theme suitable 1346:1353 arg1 microenvironment 1355:1370 a suitable microenvironment 1344:1370 a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation 1344:1436 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 3 48 theme medical 509:515 arg1 networks 555:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 4 49 theme tissue 913:918 arg1 engineering 920:930 cartilage tissue engineering 903:930 cartilage tissue engineering 903:930 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 2 50 theme fiber 282:286 arg1 network 288:294 a collagen fiber network 271:294 a collagen fiber network 271:294 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 7 51 theme element 1504:1510 arg1 p-FEM 1520:1524 p-FEM 1520:1524 p-FEM 1520:1524 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 7 51 theme element 1504:1510 arg1 method 1512:1517 the finite element method 1493:1517 the finite element method (p-FEM) 1493:1525 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 3 52 theme mPCL 541:544 arg1 networks 555:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks 509:562 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 53 theme cartilage 1731:1739 arg1 constructs 1759:1768 cartilage tissue-engineered constructs 1731:1768 cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage 1731:1882 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 7 54 from mechanisms 1596:1605 arg1 silico 1628:1633 silico 1628:1633 silico 1628:1633 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 7 55 theme method 1512:1517 arg1 p-version 1480:1488 the p-version 1476:1488 the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) 1476:1525 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 4 56 theme reinforcing 880:890 arg1 agents 892:897 reinforcing agents 880:897 reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering 880:930 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 4 56 theme reinforcing 880:890 arg1 potential 857:865 the potential 853:865 the potential of fibers 853:875 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 6 57 theme mechanical 1215:1224 arg1 anisotropy 1226:1235 mechanical anisotropy 1215:1235 mechanical anisotropy 1215:1235 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 6 58 theme native 1311:1316 arg1 counterpart 1318:1328 their native counterpart 1305:1328 their native counterpart 1305:1328 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 2 59 theme hydrated 302:309 arg1 matrix 324:329 a hydrated proteoglycan matrix 300:329 a hydrated proteoglycan matrix 300:329 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 1 60 theme critical 171:178 arg1 role 180:183 a critical role 169:183 a critical role 169:183 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 2 61 dep viscoelasticity 404:418 arg1 relaxation 431:440 relaxation 431:440 relaxation 431:440 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 6 62 dep in 1376:1377 arg1 vitro 1379:1383 vitro 1379:1383 vitro 1379:1383 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 6 63 theme electrospun 1176:1186 arg1 networks 1196:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 6 64 theme chondrocyte 1391:1401 arg1 culture 1403:1409 in vitro human chondrocyte culture 1376:1409 in vitro human chondrocyte culture 1376:1409 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 3 65 theme matrices 603:610 arg1 reinforcement 572:584 the reinforcement 568:584 the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering 568:643 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 66 theme overall 1787:1793 arg1 properties 1844:1853 the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties 1783:1853 properties 1844:1853 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 7 67 theme numerical 1454:1462 arg1 model 1464:1468 a numerical model 1452:1468 a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) 1452:1525 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 3 68 theme soft 589:592 arg1 matrices 603:610 soft hydrogel matrices 589:610 soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering 589:643 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 6 69 theme analogous 1283:1291 arg1 anisotropy 1226:1235 mechanical anisotropy 1215:1235 mechanical anisotropy 1215:1235 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 3 70 theme cartilage 616:624 arg1 engineering 633:643 cartilage tissue engineering 616:643 cartilage tissue engineering 616:643 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 71 theme biomechanical 1830:1842 arg1 properties 1844:1853 the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties 1783:1853 properties 1844:1853 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 1 72 theme soft 135:138 arg1 cartilage 82:90 Articular cartilage 72:90 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view 72:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 1 72 theme soft 135:138 arg1 composite 148:156 a soft network composite 133:156 a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading 133:229 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 7 73 theme constructs 1614:1623 arg1 mechanisms 1596:1605 the deformation mechanisms 1580:1605 the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico 1580:1633 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 4 74 theme loading 732:738 arg1 conditions 740:749 dynamic and prolonged loading conditions 710:749 dynamic and prolonged loading conditions 710:749 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 8 75 theme articular 1864:1872 arg1 cartilage 1874:1882 human articular cartilage 1858:1882 human articular cartilage 1858:1882 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 3 76 dep design 483:488 arg1 the 479:481 the 479:481 the 479:481 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 4 77 theme material 804:811 arg1 selection 813:821 material selection 804:821 material selection 804:821 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 3 78 theme Melt 443:446 arg1 writing 464:470 Melt electrospinning writing 443:470 Melt electrospinning writing 443:470 Melt electrospinning writing allows the design and fabrication of medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) fibrous networks for the reinforcement of soft hydrogel matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 0 79 theme soft 14:17 arg1 composites 27:36 Biofabricated soft network composites 0:36 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 0:70 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 4 80 theme targeted 773:780 arg1 approaches 789:798 more targeted design approaches 768:798 more targeted design approaches 768:798 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 2 81 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 stress 424:429 stress 424:429 stress 424:429 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 2 81 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 viscoelasticity 404:418 viscoelasticity 404:418 viscoelasticity 404:418 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 2 81 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 properties 369:378 the complex mechanical properties 346:378 the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation 346:440 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 1 82 theme science 108:114 arg1 point 116:120 a material science point 97:120 a material science point of view 97:128 Articular cartilage from a material science point of view is a soft network composite that plays a critical role in load-bearing joints during dynamic loading. 28374682 2 83 theme complex 350:356 arg1 stress 424:429 stress 424:429 stress 424:429 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 2 83 theme complex 350:356 arg1 viscoelasticity 404:418 viscoelasticity 404:418 viscoelasticity 404:418 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 2 83 theme complex 350:356 arg1 properties 369:378 the complex mechanical properties 346:378 the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation 346:440 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 0 84 theme cartilage 42:50 arg1 engineering 59:69 cartilage tissue engineering 42:69 cartilage tissue engineering 42:69 Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 7 85 from constructs 1614:1623 arg1 silico 1628:1633 silico 1628:1633 silico 1628:1633 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 5 86 theme ethylene 1066:1073 arg1 poly 1061:1064 star-shaped poly 1049:1064 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) 1023:1109 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 86 theme ethylene 1066:1073 arg1 glycol 1075:1080 ethylene glycol 1066:1080 ethylene glycol 1066:1080 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 2 87 theme tissue 387:392 arg1 stress 424:429 stress 424:429 stress 424:429 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 2 87 theme tissue 387:392 arg1 viscoelasticity 404:418 viscoelasticity 404:418 viscoelasticity 404:418 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 2 87 theme tissue 387:392 arg1 properties 369:378 the complex mechanical properties 346:378 the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation 346:440 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 7 88 from silico 1628:1633 arg1 mechanisms 1596:1605 the deformation mechanisms 1580:1605 the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico 1580:1633 In addition, a numerical model using the p-version of the finite element method (p-FEM) was developed in order to gain further insights into the deformation mechanisms of the constructs in silico, as well as to predict compressive moduli. 28374682 6 89 theme melt 1171:1174 arg1 networks 1196:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks 1166:1203 These soft hydrogels combined with mPCL melt electrospun fibrous networks exhibited mechanical anisotropy, nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and morphology analogous to those of their native counterpart, and provided a suitable microenvironment for in vitro human chondrocyte culture and neocartilage formation. 28374682 4 90 theme fibers 870:875 arg1 agents 892:897 reinforcing agents 880:897 reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering 880:930 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 4 90 theme fibers 870:875 arg1 potential 857:865 the potential 853:865 the potential of fibers 853:875 However, these fiber-reinforced constructs underperformed under dynamic and prolonged loading conditions, suggesting that more targeted design approaches and material selection are required to fully exploit the potential of fibers as reinforcing agents for cartilage tissue engineering. 28374682 5 91 theme charged 1041:1047 arg1 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 91 theme charged 1041:1047 arg1 hydrogel 1091:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel 1023:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) 1023:1109 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 91 theme charged 1041:1047 arg1 matrix 1123:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 2 92 theme proteoglycan 311:322 arg1 matrix 324:329 a hydrated proteoglycan matrix 300:329 a hydrated proteoglycan matrix 300:329 Its composite structure, consisting of a collagen fiber network and a hydrated proteoglycan matrix, gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of the tissue including viscoelasticity and stress relaxation. 28374682 5 93 theme poly 1061:1064 arg1 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 sPEG/Hep 1101:1108 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 93 theme poly 1061:1064 arg1 hydrogel 1091:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel 1023:1098 highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) 1023:1109 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 5 93 theme poly 1061:1064 arg1 matrix 1123:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 the soft matrix 1114:1128 In the present study, we emulated the proteoglycan matrix of articular cartilage by using highly negatively charged star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)/heparin hydrogel (sPEG/Hep) as the soft matrix. 28374682 8 94 theme first 1708:1712 arg1 this 1696:1699 this 1696:1699 this 1696:1699 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28374682 8 94 theme first 1708:1712 arg1 study 1714:1718 the first study 1704:1718 the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage 1704:1882 To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting cartilage tissue-engineered constructs that capture the overall transient, equilibrium and dynamic biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage. 28804058 0 0 from anticoagulation 23:37 arg1 procedures 75:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 4 1 theme composite 708:716 arg1 endpoint 718:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 1 theme composite 708:716 arg1 occurrence 735:744 the occurrence 731:744 the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more 731:900 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 3 2 theme retrospective 497:509 arg1 study 527:531 This retrospective, non-controlled study 492:531 study 527:531 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 8 3 theme anticoagulation 1414:1428 arg1 enoxaparin 1335:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin 1320:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring 1320:1363 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 8 3 theme anticoagulation 1414:1428 arg1 regimen 1430:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen 1379:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1379:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 2 4 theme transcatheter 392:404 arg1 interventions 423:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions 392:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA) 392:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 5 5 theme ASD 1046:1048 arg1 % 1063:1063 25.3% 1059:1063 25.3% 1059:1063 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 5 5 theme ASD 1046:1048 arg1 closure 1050:1056 ASD closure 1046:1056 ASD closure (25.3%) 1046:1064 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 6 6 theme single 1116:1121 arg1 dose 1137:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose 1114:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1114:1153 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) received a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg. 28804058 1 7 theme patent 166:171 arg1 PFO 188:190 PFO 188:190 PFO 188:190 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 7 theme patent 166:171 arg1 ovale 181:185 patent foramen ovale 166:185 patent foramen ovale (PFO) 166:191 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 6 8 theme mg/kg 1149:1153 arg1 dose 1137:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose 1114:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1114:1153 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) received a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg. 28804058 5 9 theme % 987:987 arg1 age 968:970 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 5 9 theme % 987:987 arg1 male 989:992 55% male 985:992 55% male 985:992 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 8 10 theme cardiac 1457:1463 arg1 interventions 1465:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 4 11 theme arterial 842:849 arg1 complications 776:788 embolic complications 768:788 embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) 768:859 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 11 theme arterial 842:849 arg1 embolism 851:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 3 12 theme consecutive 546:556 arg1 patients 573:580 all consecutive and unselected patients 542:580 all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 542:693 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 4 13 theme in-hospital 749:759 arg1 death 761:765 in-hospital death 749:765 in-hospital death 749:765 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 14 theme type 886:889 arg1 3a 891:892 type 3a 886:892 type 3a 886:892 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 9 15 with investigations 1488:1501 arg1 cohorts 1515:1521 larger cohorts 1508:1521 larger cohorts of patients 1508:1533 Further investigations with larger cohorts of patients are warranted. 28804058 4 16 theme embolic 768:774 arg1 complications 776:788 embolic complications 768:788 embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) 768:859 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 16 theme embolic 768:774 arg1 embolism 851:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 16 theme embolic 768:774 arg1 attack 819:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 16 theme embolic 768:774 arg1 stroke 791:796 stroke 791:796 stroke 791:796 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 9 17 theme patients 1526:1533 arg1 cohorts 1515:1521 larger cohorts 1508:1521 larger cohorts of patients 1508:1533 Further investigations with larger cohorts of patients are warranted. 28804058 7 18 theme type 1229:1232 arg1 bleedings 1237:1245 type 3a bleedings 1229:1245 type 3a bleedings 1229:1245 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 4 19 theme primary 700:706 arg1 endpoint 718:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 19 theme primary 700:706 arg1 occurrence 735:744 the occurrence 731:744 the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more 731:900 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 1 20 dep AIMS 87:90 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 6 21 theme enoxaparin 1126:1135 arg1 dose 1137:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose 1114:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1114:1153 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) received a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg. 28804058 1 22 theme foramen 173:179 arg1 PFO 188:190 PFO 188:190 PFO 188:190 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 22 theme foramen 173:179 arg1 ovale 181:185 patent foramen ovale 166:185 patent foramen ovale (PFO) 166:191 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 6 23 theme IV 1123:1124 arg1 dose 1137:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose 1114:1140 a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1114:1153 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) received a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg. 28804058 1 24 theme Percutaneous 92:103 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 25 theme ovale 181:185 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 0 26 theme enoxaparin 12:21 arg1 anticoagulation 23:37 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation 0:37 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 0:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 4 27 theme bleedings 865:873 arg1 endpoint 718:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 27 theme bleedings 865:873 arg1 occurrence 735:744 the occurrence 731:744 the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more 731:900 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 1 28 theme transcatheter 105:117 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 7 29 theme transient 1259:1267 arg1 attack 1279:1284 transient ischaemic attack 1259:1284 transient ischaemic attack 1259:1284 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 0 30 theme Intravenous 0:10 arg1 anticoagulation 23:37 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation 0:37 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 0:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 1 31 theme unfractionated 251:264 arg1 heparin 266:272 unfractionated heparin 251:272 unfractionated heparin anticoagulation 251:288 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 3 32 theme IV 665:666 arg1 anticoagulation 679:693 IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 665:693 IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 665:693 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 33 theme device 119:124 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 4 34 theme complications 776:788 arg1 endpoint 718:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 34 theme complications 776:788 arg1 occurrence 735:744 the occurrence 731:744 the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more 731:900 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 2 35 theme anticoagulation 362:376 arg1 monitoring 378:387 anticoagulation monitoring 362:387 anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA) 362:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 1 36 theme heparin 266:272 arg1 anticoagulation 274:288 unfractionated heparin anticoagulation 251:288 unfractionated heparin anticoagulation 251:288 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 4 37 theme BARC 919:922 arg1 definitions 924:934 the BARC definitions 915:934 the BARC definitions 915:934 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 3 38 theme unselected 562:571 arg1 patients 573:580 all consecutive and unselected patients 542:580 all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 542:693 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 7 39 theme composite 1160:1168 arg1 endpoint 1170:1177 The composite endpoint 1156:1177 The composite endpoint 1156:1177 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 7 40 theme 3a 1234:1235 arg1 bleedings 1237:1245 type 3a bleedings 1229:1245 type 3a bleedings 1229:1245 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 2 41 theme left 454:457 arg1 LA 467:468 LA 467:468 LA 467:468 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 2 41 theme left 454:457 arg1 atrium 459:464 the left atrium 450:464 the left atrium (LA) 450:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 3 42 theme care 647:650 arg1 centre 652:657 a tertiary care centre 636:657 a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 636:693 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 4 43 theme death 761:765 arg1 endpoint 718:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint 696:725 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 43 theme death 761:765 arg1 occurrence 735:744 the occurrence 731:744 the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more 731:900 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 5 44 theme mean 963:966 arg1 age 968:970 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 5 44 theme mean 963:966 arg1 male 989:992 55% male 985:992 55% male 985:992 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 0 45 theme left 55:58 arg1 procedures 75:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 2 46 theme intravenous 326:336 arg1 enoxaparin 343:352 intravenous (IV) enoxaparin 326:352 intravenous (IV) enoxaparin 326:352 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 2 47 theme heart 417:421 arg1 interventions 423:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions 392:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA) 392:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 4 48 dep complications 776:788 arg1 complications 776:788 embolic complications 768:788 embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) 768:859 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 48 dep complications 776:788 arg1 embolism 851:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 48 dep complications 776:788 arg1 attack 819:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 48 dep complications 776:788 arg1 stroke 791:796 stroke 791:796 stroke 791:796 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 6 49 theme patients 1083:1090 arg1 majority 1071:1078 The majority 1067:1078 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) 1067:1103 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) received a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg. 28804058 1 50 theme atrial 197:202 arg1 ASD 219:221 ASD 219:221 ASD 219:221 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 50 theme atrial 197:202 arg1 defect 211:216 atrial septal defect 197:216 atrial septal defect (ASD) 197:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 0 51 theme percutaneous 42:53 arg1 procedures 75:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 7 52 theme ischaemic 1269:1277 arg1 attack 1279:1284 transient ischaemic attack 1259:1284 transient ischaemic attack 1259:1284 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 8 53 theme easy-to-use 1402:1412 arg1 enoxaparin 1335:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin 1320:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring 1320:1363 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 8 53 theme easy-to-use 1402:1412 arg1 regimen 1430:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen 1379:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1379:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 9 54 theme Further 1480:1486 arg1 investigations 1488:1501 Further investigations 1480:1501 Further investigations with larger cohorts of patients 1480:1533 Further investigations with larger cohorts of patients are warranted. 28804058 2 55 from monitoring 378:387 arg1 interventions 423:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions 392:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA) 392:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 1 56 theme septal 204:209 arg1 ASD 219:221 ASD 219:221 ASD 219:221 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 56 theme septal 204:209 arg1 defect 211:216 atrial septal defect 197:216 atrial septal defect (ASD) 197:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 0 57 theme cardiac 67:73 arg1 procedures 75:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 3 58 theme tertiary 638:645 arg1 centre 652:657 a tertiary care centre 636:657 a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 636:693 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 3 59 theme percutaneous 596:607 arg1 LAA 609:611 percutaneous LAA 596:611 percutaneous LAA 596:611 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 60 theme left 137:140 arg1 appendage 149:157 left atrial appendage 137:157 left atrial appendage (LAA) 137:163 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 60 theme left 137:140 arg1 LAA 160:162 LAA 160:162 LAA 160:162 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 0 61 theme atrial 60:65 arg1 procedures 75:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures 42:84 Intravenous enoxaparin anticoagulation in percutaneous left atrial cardiac procedures. 28804058 8 62 from regimen 1430:1436 arg1 interventions 1465:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 3 63 theme enoxaparin 668:677 arg1 anticoagulation 679:693 IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 665:693 IV enoxaparin anticoagulation 665:693 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 4 64 theme peripheral 831:840 arg1 complications 776:788 embolic complications 768:788 embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) 768:859 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 64 theme peripheral 831:840 arg1 embolism 851:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 peripheral arterial embolism 831:858 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 5 65 dep age 968:970 arg1 years 978:982 60±18 years 972:982 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 1 66 theme atrial 142:147 arg1 appendage 149:157 left atrial appendage 137:157 left atrial appendage (LAA) 137:163 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 1 66 theme atrial 142:147 arg1 LAA 160:162 LAA 160:162 LAA 160:162 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 8 67 theme LA 1454:1455 arg1 interventions 1465:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 4 68 theme ischaemic 809:817 arg1 complications 776:788 embolic complications 768:788 embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) 768:859 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 68 theme ischaemic 809:817 arg1 attack 819:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 69 theme transient 799:807 arg1 complications 776:788 embolic complications 768:788 embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) 768:859 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 4 69 theme transient 799:807 arg1 attack 819:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 transient ischaemic attack 799:824 The primary composite endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital death, embolic complications (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolism) and bleedings defined as type 3a or more according to the BARC definitions. 28804058 1 70 theme appendage 149:157 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 8 71 theme percutaneous 1441:1452 arg1 interventions 1465:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1441:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 1 72 theme defect 211:216 arg1 closure 126:132 Percutaneous transcatheter device closure 92:132 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) 87:222 AIMS Percutaneous transcatheter device closure of left atrial appendage (LAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are usually performed with unfractionated heparin anticoagulation. 28804058 9 73 theme larger 1508:1513 arg1 cohorts 1515:1521 larger cohorts 1508:1521 larger cohorts of patients 1508:1533 Further investigations with larger cohorts of patients are warranted. 28804058 3 74 dep METHODS 472:478 arg1 study 527:531 This retrospective, non-controlled study 492:531 study 527:531 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 6 75 dep n=163 1093:1097 arg1 % 1102:1102 82% 1100:1102 82% 1100:1102 The majority of patients (n=163, 82%) received a single IV enoxaparin dose of 0.5 mg/kg. 28804058 2 76 dep first 303:307 arg1 experience 309:318 experience 309:318 experience 309:318 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 2 76 dep first 303:307 arg1 using 320:324 using 320:324 using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA) 320:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 2 77 theme structural 406:415 arg1 interventions 423:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions 392:435 transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA) 392:469 We report a first experience using intravenous (IV) enoxaparin without anticoagulation monitoring in transcatheter structural heart interventions performed in the left atrium (LA). 28804058 5 78 theme 55 985:986 arg1 % 987:987 % 987:987 % 987:987 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 8 79 theme CONCLUSIONS 1320:1330 arg1 enoxaparin 1335:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin 1320:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring 1320:1363 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 8 79 theme CONCLUSIONS 1320:1330 arg1 regimen 1430:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen 1379:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1379:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 3 80 theme non-controlled 512:525 arg1 study 527:531 This retrospective, non-controlled study 492:531 study 527:531 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 7 81 dep four 1219:1222 arg1 attack 1279:1284 transient ischaemic attack 1259:1284 transient ischaemic attack 1259:1284 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 7 81 dep four 1219:1222 arg1 death 1301:1305 death 1301:1305 death 1301:1305 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 7 81 dep four 1219:1222 arg1 bleedings 1237:1245 type 3a bleedings 1229:1245 type 3a bleedings 1229:1245 The composite endpoint occurred in six (3%) patients including four (2%) type 3a bleedings, one (0.5%) transient ischaemic attack and one (0.5%) death from sepsis. 28804058 3 82 theme ASD 621:623 arg1 closure 625:631 ASD closure 621:631 ASD closure 621:631 METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, non-controlled study included all consecutive and unselected patients who underwent percutaneous LAA, PFO or ASD closure at a tertiary care centre using IV enoxaparin anticoagulation. 28804058 5 83 dep patients 953:960 arg1 age 968:970 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 mean age 60±18 years 963:982 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 5 83 dep patients 953:960 arg1 male 989:992 55% male 985:992 55% male 985:992 We enrolled 198 patients (mean age 60±18 years, 55% male) with an indication for LAA (40.4%), PFO (34.3%) or ASD closure (25.3%). 28804058 8 84 theme safe 1393:1396 arg1 enoxaparin 1335:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin 1320:1344 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring 1320:1363 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 28804058 8 84 theme safe 1393:1396 arg1 regimen 1430:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen 1379:1436 a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions 1379:1477 CONCLUSIONS IV enoxaparin without monitoring appears to be a potentially safe and easy-to-use anticoagulation regimen in percutaneous LA cardiac interventions. 26979331 0 0 theme Arabidopsis 73:83 arg1 Coat 90:93 the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 69:93 the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 69:93 Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. 26979331 9 1 theme xylose 1560:1565 arg1 ramifications 1567:1579 xylose ramifications 1560:1579 xylose ramifications on RG-I 1560:1587 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 1 2 theme epidermal 141:149 arg1 cells 151:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells 96:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells 96:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 5 3 theme outer 1097:1101 arg1 one 1111:1113 the outer soluble one 1093:1113 the outer soluble one 1093:1113 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 6 4 theme RG-I 1271:1274 arg1 chains 1276:1281 RG-I chains 1271:1281 RG-I chains 1271:1281 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 7 5 theme weak 1380:1383 arg1 adsorption 1385:1394 very weak adsorption 1375:1394 very weak adsorption 1375:1394 mum5-1 mucilage exhibited very weak adsorption to cellulose. 26979331 9 6 theme ramifications 1567:1579 arg1 affinity 1548:1555 the binding affinity 1536:1555 the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold 1536:1611 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 6 theme ramifications 1567:1579 arg1 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 6 theme ramifications 1567:1579 arg1 factors 1627:1633 the factors 1623:1633 the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer 1623:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 5 7 theme outer 829:833 arg1 composition 841:851 the outer layer composition 825:851 the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles 825:881 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 8 theme layer 835:839 arg1 composition 841:851 the outer layer composition 825:851 the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles 825:881 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 9 theme soluble 1103:1109 arg1 one 1111:1113 the outer soluble one 1093:1113 the outer soluble one 1093:1113 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 9 10 theme mucilage 1677:1684 arg1 layer 1686:1690 the adherent mucilage layer 1664:1690 the adherent mucilage layer 1664:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 5 11 theme mucilage 1044:1051 arg1 pectin 1053:1058 mucilage pectin 1044:1058 mucilage pectin 1044:1058 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 4 12 theme outer 706:710 arg1 layer 712:716 the outer layer 702:716 the outer layer 702:716 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 4 13 with agreement 722:730 arg1 interactions 754:765 cellulose-pectin interactions 737:765 cellulose-pectin interactions 737:765 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 0 14 theme Seed 85:88 arg1 Coat 90:93 the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 69:93 the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 69:93 Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. 26979331 9 15 theme layer 1686:1690 arg1 formation 1651:1659 the formation 1647:1659 the formation of the adherent mucilage layer 1647:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 5 16 theme tight 886:890 arg1 proportionality 892:906 a tight proportionality 884:906 a tight proportionality of xylose 884:916 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 9 17 theme adherent 1668:1675 arg1 layer 1686:1690 the adherent mucilage layer 1664:1690 the adherent mucilage layer 1664:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 4 18 theme pectic 668:673 arg1 mucilage 675:682 pectic mucilage 668:682 pectic mucilage 668:682 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 9 19 from affinity 1548:1555 arg1 RG-I 1584:1587 RG-I 1584:1587 RG-I 1584:1587 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 6 20 dep Biochemical 1180:1190 arg1 data 1219:1222 data 1219:1222 data 1219:1222 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 7 21 theme mum5-1 1349:1354 arg1 mucilage 1356:1363 mum5-1 mucilage 1349:1363 mum5-1 mucilage 1349:1363 mum5-1 mucilage exhibited very weak adsorption to cellulose. 26979331 3 22 theme inner 477:481 arg1 layer 483:487 the inner layer 473:487 the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella 473:564 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 3 22 theme inner 477:481 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 444:461 pectic rhamnogalacturonan I 437:463 pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) 437:470 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 1 23 theme large 165:169 arg1 amounts 171:177 large amounts 165:177 large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition 165:222 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 1 23 theme large 165:169 arg1 mucilage 182:189 mucilage 182:189 mucilage 182:189 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 8 24 theme putative 1435:1442 arg1 transferase 1452:1462 a putative xylosyl transferase 1433:1462 a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21 1433:1495 MUM5 was identified as a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21. 26979331 8 24 theme putative 1435:1442 arg1 MUM5 1410:1413 MUM5 1410:1413 MUM5 1410:1413 MUM5 was identified as a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21. 26979331 9 25 theme cellulose 1594:1602 arg1 scaffold 1604:1611 a cellulose scaffold 1592:1611 a cellulose scaffold 1592:1611 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 4 26 from inner 693:697 arg1 redistribution 650:663 a redistribution 648:663 a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer 648:716 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 6 27 theme binding 1205:1211 arg1 assay 1213:1217 in vitro binding assay 1196:1217 in vitro binding assay 1196:1217 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 6 28 dep in 1196:1197 arg1 vitro 1199:1203 vitro 1199:1203 vitro 1199:1203 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 5 29 theme adherent 1075:1082 arg1 layer 1084:1088 the inner adherent layer 1065:1088 the inner adherent layer 1065:1088 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 30 from layer 1084:1088 arg1 redistribution 1026:1039 a redistribution 1024:1039 a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer 1024:1088 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 3 31 theme cellulose 513:521 arg1 rays 505:508 rays 505:508 rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella 505:564 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 2 32 theme inner 341:345 arg1 layer 347:351 an inner layer 338:351 an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat 338:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 2 32 theme inner 341:345 arg1 domains 262:268 two domains 258:268 two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat 258:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 0 33 theme Structural 19:28 arg1 Force 38:42 the Structural Driving Force 15:42 the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 15:93 Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. 26979331 3 34 contain containing 494:503 arg1 layer 483:487 the inner layer 473:487 the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella 473:564 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 3 34 contain containing 494:503 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 444:461 pectic rhamnogalacturonan I 437:463 pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) 437:470 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 3 34 contain containing 494:503 arg2 rays 505:508 rays 505:508 rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella 505:564 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 5 35 theme galacturonic 919:930 arg1 acid 932:935 galacturonic acid 919:935 galacturonic acid 919:935 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 36 theme series 858:863 arg1 composition 841:851 the outer layer composition 825:851 the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles 825:881 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 2 37 theme diffuse 280:286 arg1 layer 288:292 an outer diffuse layer 271:292 an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation 271:332 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 2 37 theme diffuse 280:286 arg1 domains 262:268 two domains 258:268 two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat 258:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 6 38 attach attached 1259:1266 arg2 chains 1248:1253 xylan chains 1242:1253 xylan chains 1242:1253 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 6 38 attach attached 1259:1266 arg1 chains 1276:1281 RG-I chains 1271:1281 RG-I chains 1271:1281 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 2 39 theme outer 382:386 arg1 coat 393:396 the outer seed coat 378:396 the outer seed coat 378:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 2 40 theme seed 388:391 arg1 coat 393:396 the outer seed coat 378:396 the outer seed coat 378:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 5 41 theme mutant 868:873 arg1 alleles 875:881 mutant alleles 868:881 mutant alleles 868:881 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 42 theme mucilage 977:984 arg1 modified5-1 986:996 mucilage modified5-1 977:996 mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one) 977:1114 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 2 43 theme outer 274:278 arg1 layer 288:292 an outer diffuse layer 271:292 an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation 271:332 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 2 43 theme outer 274:278 arg1 domains 262:268 two domains 258:268 two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat 258:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 4 44 from Perturbation 567:578 arg1 formation 598:606 cellulosic ray formation 583:606 cellulosic ray formation 583:606 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 1 45 theme seed 131:134 arg1 cells 151:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells 96:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells 96:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 6 46 theme mucilage 1313:1320 arg1 adsorption 1299:1308 the adsorption 1295:1308 the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils 1295:1346 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 4 47 theme cellulosic 583:592 arg1 formation 598:606 cellulosic ray formation 583:606 cellulosic ray formation 583:606 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 0 48 theme Driving 30:36 arg1 Force 38:42 the Structural Driving Force 15:42 the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 15:93 Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. 26979331 5 49 theme pectin 1053:1058 arg1 redistribution 1026:1039 a redistribution 1024:1039 a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer 1024:1088 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 9 50 theme binding 1540:1546 arg1 affinity 1548:1555 the binding affinity 1536:1555 the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold 1536:1611 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 50 theme binding 1540:1546 arg1 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 50 theme binding 1540:1546 arg1 factors 1627:1633 the factors 1623:1633 the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer 1623:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 4 51 theme interactions 754:765 arg1 nature 772:777 the nature 768:777 the nature 768:777 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 9 52 from ramifications 1567:1579 arg1 RG-I 1584:1587 RG-I 1584:1587 RG-I 1584:1587 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 0 53 theme Mucilage 48:55 arg1 Adhesion 57:64 Mucilage Adhesion 48:64 Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat 48:93 Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. 26979331 9 54 from RG-I 1584:1587 arg1 affinity 1548:1555 the binding affinity 1536:1555 the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold 1536:1611 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 54 from RG-I 1584:1587 arg1 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 54 from RG-I 1584:1587 arg1 factors 1627:1633 the factors 1623:1633 the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer 1623:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 55 theme factors 1627:1633 arg1 affinity 1548:1555 the binding affinity 1536:1555 the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold 1536:1611 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 55 theme factors 1627:1633 arg1 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 one 1616:1618 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 9 55 theme factors 1627:1633 arg1 factors 1627:1633 the factors 1623:1633 the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer 1623:1690 Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer. 26979331 8 56 theme xylosyl 1444:1450 arg1 transferase 1452:1462 a putative xylosyl transferase 1433:1462 a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21 1433:1495 MUM5 was identified as a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21. 26979331 8 56 theme xylosyl 1444:1450 arg1 MUM5 1410:1413 MUM5 1410:1413 MUM5 1410:1413 MUM5 was identified as a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21. 26979331 5 57 theme alleles 875:881 arg1 series 858:863 a series 856:863 a series of mutant alleles 856:881 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 6 58 theme xylan 1242:1246 arg1 chains 1248:1253 xylan chains 1242:1253 xylan chains 1242:1253 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 1 59 theme Arabidopsis 109:119 arg1 thaliana 121:128 Arabidopsis thaliana 109:128 Arabidopsis thaliana 109:128 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 5 60 theme inner 1069:1073 arg1 layer 1084:1088 the inner adherent layer 1065:1088 the inner adherent layer 1065:1088 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 61 theme xylose 911:916 arg1 rhamnose 942:949 rhamnose 942:949 rhamnose 942:949 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 61 theme xylose 911:916 arg1 acid 932:935 galacturonic acid 919:935 galacturonic acid 919:935 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 61 theme xylose 911:916 arg1 proportionality 892:906 a tight proportionality 884:906 a tight proportionality of xylose 884:916 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 4 62 theme mucilage 675:682 arg1 redistribution 650:663 a redistribution 648:663 a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer 648:716 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 1 63 dep seed 131:134 arg1 thaliana 121:128 Arabidopsis thaliana 109:128 Arabidopsis thaliana 109:128 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 6 64 theme in 1196:1197 arg1 assay 1213:1217 in vitro binding assay 1196:1217 in vitro binding assay 1196:1217 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 3 65 theme columella 556:564 arg1 top 544:546 the top 540:546 the top of each columella 540:564 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 3 66 theme pectic 437:442 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 444:461 pectic rhamnogalacturonan I 437:463 pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) 437:470 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 3 66 theme pectic 437:442 arg1 layer 483:487 the inner layer 473:487 the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella 473:564 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 3 66 theme pectic 437:442 arg1 RG-I 466:469 RG-I 466:469 RG-I 466:469 Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. 26979331 5 67 dep mum5-1 999:1004 arg1 mutant 1009:1014 a mutant 1007:1014 mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one 999:1113 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 6 68 theme cellulose 1325:1333 arg1 microfibrils 1335:1346 cellulose microfibrils 1325:1346 cellulose microfibrils 1325:1346 Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. 26979331 4 69 theme cellulose-pectin 737:752 arg1 interactions 754:765 cellulose-pectin interactions 737:765 cellulose-pectin interactions 737:765 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 1 70 theme mucilage 182:189 arg1 amounts 171:177 large amounts 165:177 large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition 165:222 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 1 70 theme mucilage 182:189 arg1 mucilage 182:189 mucilage 182:189 mucilage 182:189 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 2 71 dep domains 262:268 arg1 layer 288:292 an outer diffuse layer 271:292 an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation 271:332 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 2 71 dep domains 262:268 arg1 layer 347:351 an inner layer 338:351 an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat 338:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 2 71 dep domains 262:268 arg1 domains 262:268 two domains 258:268 two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat 258:396 This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. 26979331 4 72 theme ray 594:596 arg1 formation 598:606 cellulosic ray formation 583:606 cellulosic ray formation 583:606 Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. 26979331 1 73 theme coat 136:139 arg1 cells 151:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells 96:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells 96:155 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. 26979331 5 74 theme rhamnose-xylose 1131:1145 arg1 ratio 1147:1151 the rhamnose-xylose ratio 1127:1151 the rhamnose-xylose ratio 1127:1151 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 26979331 5 75 dep modified5-1 986:996 arg1 mum5-1 999:1004 mum5-1 999:1004 mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one 999:1113 Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. 25263884 2 0 theme shapes 409:414 arg1 properties 366:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 0 theme shapes 409:414 arg1 difficulties 420:431 difficulties 420:431 difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure 420:472 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 0 theme shapes 409:414 arg1 controllability 382:396 low controllability 378:396 low controllability of various shapes 378:414 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 7 1 theme alginate 1507:1514 arg1 component 1516:1524 the alginate component 1503:1524 the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold 1503:1548 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 4 2 theme ± 896:896 arg1 μm 901:902 821 ± 55 μm 892:902 821 ± 55 μm 892:902 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 1 3 theme natural 212:218 arg1 matrix 234:239 natural extracellular matrix 212:239 natural extracellular matrix 212:239 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 4 4 theme μm 901:902 arg1 sizes 883:887 mean pore sizes 873:887 mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm 873:902 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 7 5 theme cell 1689:1692 arg1 viability 1694:1702 cell viability 1689:1702 cell viability at 7 days 1689:1712 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 3 6 theme combination 616:626 arg1 method 628:633 a combination method 614:633 a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process 614:707 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 1 7 dep activities 298:307 arg1 attachment 310:319 attachment 310:319 attachment 310:319 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 1 7 dep activities 298:307 arg1 activities 298:307 cellular activities 289:307 cellular activities (attachment and proliferation) 289:338 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 1 7 dep activities 298:307 arg1 proliferation 325:337 proliferation 325:337 proliferation 325:337 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 6 8 theme micro-sized 1354:1364 arg1 struts 1370:1375 the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts 1338:1375 the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts 1338:1375 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 3 9 theme rapid 659:663 arg1 prototyping 665:675 rapid prototyping 659:675 rapid prototyping 659:675 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 1 10 theme surface-to-volume 254:270 arg1 ratio 272:276 the high surface-to-volume ratio 245:276 the high surface-to-volume ratio 245:276 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 7 11 from component 1516:1524 arg1 scaffold 1541:1548 the fibrous scaffold 1529:1548 the fibrous scaffold 1529:1548 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 4 12 theme /alginate 763:771 arg1 scaffolds 783:791 polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds 741:791 polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds 741:791 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 3 13 theme electrospinning 642:656 arg1 method 628:633 a combination method 614:633 a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process 614:707 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 5 14 theme hard-tissue 950:960 arg1 regeneration 962:973 hard-tissue regeneration 950:973 hard-tissue regeneration 950:973 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 7 15 theme significant 1640:1650 arg1 activities 1663:1672 significant biological activities 1640:1672 significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) 1640:1804 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 5 16 theme MC3T3-E1 1316:1323 arg1 pre-osteoblasts 1299:1313 pre-osteoblasts 1299:1313 pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) 1299:1330 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 16 theme MC3T3-E1 1316:1323 arg1 cells 1325:1329 MC3T3-E1 cells 1316:1329 MC3T3-E1 cells 1316:1329 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 3 17 theme physical 683:690 arg1 process 701:707 a physical punching process 681:707 a physical punching process 681:707 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 4 18 theme polycaprolactone 741:756 arg1 scaffolds 783:791 polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds 741:791 polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds 741:791 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 6 19 theme scaffold 1418:1425 arg1 modulus 1390:1396 the elastic modulus 1378:1396 the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold 1378:1425 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 5 20 theme scaffolds 936:944 arg1 feasibility 917:927 the feasibility 913:927 the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration 913:973 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 7 21 theme water 1609:1613 arg1 ∼8-fold 1627:1633 ∼8-fold 1627:1633 ∼8-fold 1627:1633 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 21 theme water 1609:1613 arg1 absorption 1615:1624 water absorption 1609:1624 water absorption (∼8-fold) 1609:1634 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 4 22 theme composite 773:781 arg1 scaffolds 783:791 polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds 741:791 polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds 741:791 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 4 23 theme micro-sized 844:854 arg1 struts 860:865 micro-sized PCL struts 844:865 micro-sized PCL struts 844:865 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 5 24 theme cellular 1138:1145 arg1 proliferation 1177:1189 proliferation 1177:1189 proliferation 1177:1189 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 24 theme cellular 1138:1145 arg1 responses 1147:1155 vitro cellular responses 1132:1155 vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) 1132:1190 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 24 theme cellular 1138:1145 arg1 viability 1163:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 1 25 theme Micro/nanofibrous 90:106 arg1 scaffolds 108:116 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds 90:116 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds 90:116 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 2 26 theme hard-tissue 510:520 arg1 regeneration 522:533 hard-tissue regeneration 510:533 hard-tissue regeneration 510:533 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 27 theme controllable 446:457 arg1 structure 464:472 controllable pore structure 446:472 controllable pore structure 446:472 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 0 28 theme Three-dimensional 0:16 arg1 polycaprolactone 30:45 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone 0:45 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) 0:51 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate hybrid composite scaffolds. 25263884 0 28 theme Three-dimensional 0:16 arg1 PCL 48:50 PCL 48:50 PCL 48:50 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate hybrid composite scaffolds. 25263884 4 29 theme electrospun 808:818 arg1 fibres 833:838 electrospun PCL/alginate fibres 808:838 electrospun PCL/alginate fibres 808:838 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 6 30 theme pure 1463:1466 arg1 scaffold 1472:1479 a pure PCL scaffold 1461:1479 a pure PCL scaffold 1461:1479 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 5 31 theme alkaline 1224:1231 arg1 ALP 1246:1248 ALP 1246:1248 ALP 1246:1248 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 31 theme alkaline 1224:1231 arg1 phosphatase 1233:1243 alkaline phosphatase 1224:1243 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1224:1258 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 0 32 theme composite 69:77 arg1 scaffolds 79:87 hybrid composite scaffolds 62:87 hybrid composite scaffolds 62:87 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate hybrid composite scaffolds. 25263884 4 33 theme pore 878:881 arg1 sizes 883:887 mean pore sizes 873:887 mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm 873:902 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 6 34 dep versus 1454:1459 arg1 scaffold 1472:1479 a pure PCL scaffold 1461:1479 a pure PCL scaffold 1461:1479 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 5 35 theme water 1064:1068 arg1 absorption 1070:1079 water absorption 1064:1079 water absorption 1064:1079 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 36 dep responses 1147:1155 arg1 proliferation 1177:1189 proliferation 1177:1189 proliferation 1177:1189 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 36 dep responses 1147:1155 arg1 responses 1147:1155 vitro cellular responses 1132:1155 vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) 1132:1190 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 36 dep responses 1147:1155 arg1 viability 1163:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 3 37 theme process 701:707 arg1 method 628:633 a combination method 614:633 a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process 614:707 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 2 38 theme various 401:407 arg1 shapes 409:414 various shapes 401:414 various shapes 401:414 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 7 39 theme fibrous 1840:1846 arg1 scaffold 1848:1855 a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1829:1855 a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1829:1855 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 40 theme pure 1831:1834 arg1 scaffold 1848:1855 a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1829:1855 a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1829:1855 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 41 from days 1800:1803 arg1 mineralisation 1779:1792 calcium mineralisation 1771:1792 calcium mineralisation at 14 days 1771:1803 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 3 42 theme new 581:583 arg1 system 595:600 a new composite system 579:600 a new composite system 579:600 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 1 43 theme cellular 289:296 arg1 attachment 310:319 attachment 310:319 attachment 310:319 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 1 43 theme cellular 289:296 arg1 activities 298:307 cellular activities 289:307 cellular activities (attachment and proliferation) 289:338 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 1 43 theme cellular 289:296 arg1 proliferation 325:337 proliferation 325:337 proliferation 325:337 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 4 44 theme 821 892:894 arg1 μm 901:902 821 ± 55 μm 892:902 821 ± 55 μm 892:902 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 7 45 from days 1748:1751 arg1 activity 1733:1740 ALP activity 1729:1740 ALP activity at 14 days 1729:1751 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 1 46 theme extracellular 220:232 arg1 matrix 234:239 natural extracellular matrix 212:239 natural extracellular matrix 212:239 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 2 47 theme mechanical 355:364 arg1 difficulties 420:431 difficulties 420:431 difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure 420:472 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 47 theme mechanical 355:364 arg1 properties 366:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 47 theme mechanical 355:364 arg1 controllability 382:396 low controllability 378:396 low controllability of various shapes 378:414 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 6 48 theme PCL 1366:1368 arg1 struts 1370:1375 the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts 1338:1375 the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts 1338:1375 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 1 49 theme high 249:252 arg1 ratio 272:276 the high surface-to-volume ratio 245:276 the high surface-to-volume ratio 245:276 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 7 50 theme biological 1652:1661 arg1 activities 1663:1672 significant biological activities 1640:1672 significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) 1640:1804 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 6 51 theme reinforcing 1342:1352 arg1 struts 1370:1375 the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts 1338:1375 the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts 1338:1375 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 3 52 theme wet 638:640 arg1 electrospinning 642:656 wet electrospinning 638:656 wet electrospinning 638:656 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 7 53 from days 1709:1712 arg1 viability 1694:1702 cell viability 1689:1702 cell viability at 7 days 1689:1712 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 5 54 theme tensile 1086:1092 arg1 strength 1110:1117 tensile and compressive strength 1086:1117 tensile and compressive strength 1086:1117 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 1 55 theme biomedical 143:152 arg1 applications 154:165 biomedical applications 143:165 biomedical applications 143:165 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 7 56 theme calcium 1771:1777 arg1 mineralisation 1779:1792 calcium mineralisation 1771:1792 calcium mineralisation at 14 days 1771:1803 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 5 57 dep only 1008:1011 arg1 not 1004:1006 not 1004:1006 not 1004:1006 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 58 theme compressive 1098:1108 arg1 strength 1110:1117 tensile and compressive strength 1086:1117 tensile and compressive strength 1086:1117 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 3 59 theme prototyping 665:675 arg1 method 628:633 a combination method 614:633 a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process 614:707 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 2 60 from use 503:505 arg1 regeneration 522:533 hard-tissue regeneration 510:533 hard-tissue regeneration 510:533 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 6 61 theme PCL/alginate 1405:1416 arg1 scaffold 1418:1425 the PCL/alginate scaffold 1401:1425 the PCL/alginate scaffold 1401:1425 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 5 62 theme cell 1158:1161 arg1 responses 1147:1155 vitro cellular responses 1132:1155 vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) 1132:1190 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 62 theme cell 1158:1161 arg1 viability 1163:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 1 63 theme micro/nano-scale 179:194 arg1 fibres 196:201 the micro/nano-scale fibres 175:201 the micro/nano-scale fibres 175:201 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 5 64 dep differentiation 1207:1221 arg1 activity 1251:1258 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1224:1258 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1224:1258 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 64 dep differentiation 1207:1221 arg1 mineralisation 1265:1278 mineralisation 1265:1278 mineralisation 1265:1278 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 2 65 theme poor 350:353 arg1 difficulties 420:431 difficulties 420:431 difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure 420:472 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 65 theme poor 350:353 arg1 properties 366:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 65 theme poor 350:353 arg1 controllability 382:396 low controllability 378:396 low controllability of various shapes 378:414 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 7 66 theme hydrophilic 1586:1596 arg1 behaviour 1598:1606 hydrophilic behaviour 1586:1606 hydrophilic behaviour 1586:1606 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 4 67 theme PCL/alginate 820:831 arg1 fibres 833:838 electrospun PCL/alginate fibres 808:838 electrospun PCL/alginate fibres 808:838 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 6 68 theme elastic 1382:1388 arg1 modulus 1390:1396 the elastic modulus 1378:1396 the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold 1378:1425 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 5 69 theme vitro 1132:1136 arg1 proliferation 1177:1189 proliferation 1177:1189 proliferation 1177:1189 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 69 theme vitro 1132:1136 arg1 responses 1147:1155 vitro cellular responses 1132:1155 vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) 1132:1190 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 69 theme vitro 1132:1136 arg1 viability 1163:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 cell viability 1158:1171 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 7 70 theme ALP 1729:1731 arg1 activity 1733:1740 ALP activity 1729:1740 ALP activity at 14 days 1729:1751 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 2 71 theme pore 459:462 arg1 structure 464:472 controllable pore structure 446:472 controllable pore structure 446:472 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 0 72 theme electrospun 18:28 arg1 polycaprolactone 30:45 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone 0:45 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) 0:51 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate hybrid composite scaffolds. 25263884 0 72 theme electrospun 18:28 arg1 PCL 48:50 PCL 48:50 PCL 48:50 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate hybrid composite scaffolds. 25263884 7 73 dep activities 1663:1672 arg1 ∼2.3-fold 1715:1723 ∼2.3-fold 1715:1723 ∼2.3-fold 1715:1723 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 73 dep activities 1663:1672 arg1 ∼6.4-fold 1757:1765 ∼6.4-fold 1757:1765 ∼6.4-fold 1757:1765 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 73 dep activities 1663:1672 arg1 ∼1.6-fold 1675:1683 ∼1.6-fold 1675:1683 ∼1.6-fold 1675:1683 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 6 74 theme PCL 1468:1470 arg1 scaffold 1472:1479 a pure PCL scaffold 1461:1479 a pure PCL scaffold 1461:1479 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 6 75 dep improved 1445:1452 arg1 versus 1454:1459 versus 1454:1459 versus 1454:1459 With the reinforcing micro-sized PCL struts, the elastic modulus of the PCL/alginate scaffold was significantly improved versus a pure PCL scaffold. 25263884 5 76 theme phosphatase 1233:1243 arg1 activity 1251:1258 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1224:1258 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1224:1258 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 3 77 theme punching 692:699 arg1 process 701:707 a physical punching process 681:707 a physical punching process 681:707 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 25263884 4 78 theme mean 873:876 arg1 sizes 883:887 mean pore sizes 873:887 mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm 873:902 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 0 79 theme hybrid 62:67 arg1 scaffolds 79:87 hybrid composite scaffolds 62:87 hybrid composite scaffolds 62:87 Three-dimensional electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate hybrid composite scaffolds. 25263884 1 80 used used 128:131 arg2 scaffolds 108:116 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds 90:116 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds 90:116 Micro/nanofibrous scaffolds have been used widely in biomedical applications because the micro/nano-scale fibres resemble natural extracellular matrix and the high surface-to-volume ratio encourages cellular activities (attachment and proliferation). 25263884 5 81 theme osteogenic 1196:1205 arg1 differentiation 1207:1221 osteogenic differentiation 1196:1221 osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) 1196:1279 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 82 theme physical 1017:1024 arg1 properties 1026:1035 physical properties 1017:1035 physical properties 1017:1035 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 82 theme physical 1017:1024 arg1 hydrophilicity 1048:1061 hydrophilicity 1048:1061 hydrophilicity 1048:1061 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 82 theme physical 1017:1024 arg1 absorption 1070:1079 water absorption 1064:1079 water absorption 1064:1079 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 5 82 theme physical 1017:1024 arg1 strength 1110:1117 tensile and compressive strength 1086:1117 tensile and compressive strength 1086:1117 To show the feasibility of the scaffolds for hard-tissue regeneration, the scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including hydrophilicity, water absorption, and tensile and compressive strength, but also in vitro cellular responses (cell viability and proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralisation) by culturing with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). 25263884 4 83 theme PCL 856:858 arg1 struts 860:865 micro-sized PCL struts 844:865 micro-sized PCL struts 844:865 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 2 84 theme low 378:380 arg1 properties 366:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 poor mechanical properties 350:375 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 2 84 theme low 378:380 arg1 controllability 382:396 low controllability 378:396 low controllability of various shapes 378:414 However, poor mechanical properties, low controllability of various shapes and difficulties in obtaining controllable pore structure have been obstacles to their use in hard-tissue regeneration. 25263884 7 85 dep showed 1556:1561 arg1 enhanced 1577:1584 enhanced 1577:1584 showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1556:1855 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 86 theme fibrous 1533:1539 arg1 scaffold 1541:1548 the fibrous scaffold 1529:1548 the fibrous scaffold 1529:1548 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 7 87 theme PCL 1836:1838 arg1 scaffold 1848:1855 a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1829:1855 a pure PCL fibrous scaffold 1829:1855 Additionally, due to the alginate component in the fibrous scaffold, they showed significantly enhanced hydrophilic behaviour, water absorption (∼8-fold) and significant biological activities (∼1.6-fold for cell viability at 7 days, ∼2.3-fold for ALP activity at 14 days and ∼6.4-fold for calcium mineralisation at 14 days) compared with those of a pure PCL fibrous scaffold. 25263884 4 88 with scaffolds 783:791 arg1 sizes 883:887 mean pore sizes 873:887 mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm 873:902 Using the process, we obtained polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate composite scaffolds, consisting of electrospun PCL/alginate fibres and micro-sized PCL struts, with mean pore sizes of 821 ± 55 μm. 25263884 3 89 theme composite 585:593 arg1 system 595:600 a new composite system 579:600 a new composite system 579:600 To overcome these shortcomings, we suggest a new composite system, which uses a combination method of wet electrospinning, rapid prototyping and a physical punching process. 26794951 8 0 theme CaCO3 1089:1093 arg1 imprint 1073:1079 imprint 1073:1079 imprint of nano CaCO3 1073:1093 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 6 1 from increase 827:834 arg1 concentrations 839:852 concentrations 839:852 concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder 839:872 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 7 2 theme films 954:958 arg1 resistance 888:897 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties 875:926 resistance 888:897 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite thin films are also investigated. 26794951 7 2 theme films 954:958 arg1 properties 917:926 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties 875:926 properties 917:926 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite thin films are also investigated. 26794951 6 3 theme thermal 756:762 arg1 stability 764:772 thermal stability 756:772 thermal stability 756:772 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 8 4 theme fungi 1010:1014 arg1 growth 987:992 The growth 983:992 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film 983:1041 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 5 5 theme atomic 703:708 arg1 microscope 716:725 atomic force microscope 703:725 atomic force microscope (AFM) 703:731 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 5 5 theme atomic 703:708 arg1 AFM 728:730 AFM 728:730 AFM 728:730 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 8 6 theme hybrid 1026:1031 arg1 film 1038:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 6 7 theme thermal 778:784 arg1 conductivity 786:797 thermal conductivity 778:797 thermal conductivity 778:797 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 3 8 theme nanocomposite 530:542 arg1 film 549:552 nanocomposite thin film 530:552 nanocomposite thin film 530:552 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 5 9 theme force 710:714 arg1 microscope 716:725 atomic force microscope 703:725 atomic force microscope (AFM) 703:731 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 5 9 theme force 710:714 arg1 AFM 728:730 AFM 728:730 AFM 728:730 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 3 10 theme thin 544:547 arg1 film 549:552 nanocomposite thin film 530:552 nanocomposite thin film 530:552 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 7 11 theme nanocomposite 935:947 arg1 films 954:958 the nanocomposite thin films 931:958 the nanocomposite thin films 931:958 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite thin films are also investigated. 26794951 2 12 dep Fourier 362:368 arg1 transforms 370:379 transforms 370:379 transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 370:408 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 4 13 theme nanofilms 581:589 arg1 morphology 567:576 The surface morphology 555:576 The surface morphology of nanofilms 555:589 The surface morphology of nanofilms is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26794951 3 14 theme crystallite 475:485 arg1 size 487:490 crystallite size 475:490 crystallite size 475:490 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 7 15 theme thin 949:952 arg1 films 954:958 the nanocomposite thin films 931:958 the nanocomposite thin films 931:958 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite thin films are also investigated. 26794951 1 16 theme Starch 101:106 arg1 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 1 16 theme Starch 101:106 arg1 /polyvinylalcohol 144:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol 101:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 6 17 theme CaCO3 857:861 arg1 nanopowder 863:872 CaCO3 nanopowder 857:872 CaCO3 nanopowder 857:872 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 8 18 theme PEHA 1033:1036 arg1 film 1038:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 3 19 from change 465:470 arg1 d-spacing 496:504 d-spacing 496:504 d-spacing 496:504 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 3 19 from change 465:470 arg1 size 487:490 crystallite size 475:490 crystallite size 475:490 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 1 20 theme hybrid 108:113 arg1 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 1 20 theme hybrid 108:113 arg1 /polyvinylalcohol 144:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol 101:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 0 21 theme CaCO₃ 5:9 arg1 polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 35:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite thin films. 26794951 8 22 theme starch 1019:1024 arg1 film 1038:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 1 23 theme polyethylhexylacrylate 115:136 arg1 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 1 23 theme polyethylhexylacrylate 115:136 arg1 /polyvinylalcohol 144:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol 101:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 6 24 theme nanopowder 863:872 arg1 concentrations 839:852 concentrations 839:852 concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder 839:872 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 1 25 theme different 209:217 arg1 composition 219:229 different composition 209:229 different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium 209:261 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 0 26 theme Nano 0:3 arg1 polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 35:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite thin films. 26794951 7 27 theme biodegradable 903:915 arg1 properties 917:926 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties 875:926 properties 917:926 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite thin films are also investigated. 26794951 2 28 theme starch 328:333 arg1 presence 316:323 presence 316:323 presence of starch and PVA 316:341 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 2 29 from interaction 277:287 arg1 presence 316:323 presence 316:323 presence of starch and PVA 316:341 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 5 30 dep topology 645:652 arg1 The 641:643 The 641:643 The 641:643 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 0 31 theme starch 21:26 arg1 polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 35:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite thin films. 26794951 5 32 theme films 683:687 arg1 topology 645:652 topology 645:652 topology 645:652 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 5 32 theme films 683:687 arg1 roughness 666:674 surface roughness 658:674 surface roughness 658:674 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 6 33 theme tensile 738:744 arg1 strength 746:753 The tensile strength 734:753 The tensile strength 734:753 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 1 34 theme PEHA 139:142 arg1 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 PVA 163:165 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 1 34 theme PEHA 139:142 arg1 /polyvinylalcohol 144:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol 101:160 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 0 35 theme imprinted 11:19 arg1 polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 35:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite thin films. 26794951 4 36 theme surface 559:565 arg1 morphology 567:576 The surface morphology 555:576 The surface morphology of nanofilms 555:589 The surface morphology of nanofilms is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26794951 8 37 from growth 987:992 arg1 film 1038:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 starch hybrid PEHA film 1019:1041 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 1 38 theme nano 234:237 arg1 CaCO3 239:243 nano CaCO3 234:243 nano CaCO3 234:243 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 1 39 theme CaCO3 239:243 arg1 composition 219:229 different composition 209:229 different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium 209:261 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 0 40 theme hybrid 28:33 arg1 polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 35:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol 0:73 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite thin films. 26794951 2 41 with interaction 277:287 arg1 PEHA 308:311 PEHA 308:311 PEHA 308:311 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 0 42 theme thin 89:92 arg1 films 94:98 thin films 89:98 thin films 89:98 Nano CaCO₃ imprinted starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate\polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite thin films. 26794951 5 43 theme surface 658:664 arg1 roughness 666:674 surface roughness 658:674 surface roughness 658:674 The topology and surface roughness of the films is noticed by atomic force microscope (AFM). 26794951 1 44 theme /polyvinylalcohol 144:160 arg1 films 187:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 2 45 theme infrared 381:388 arg1 FTIR 404:407 FTIR 404:407 FTIR 404:407 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 2 45 theme infrared 381:388 arg1 spectroscopy 390:401 infrared spectroscopy 381:401 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 381:408 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 8 46 theme nano 1084:1087 arg1 CaCO3 1089:1093 nano CaCO3 1084:1093 nano CaCO3 1084:1093 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 8 47 theme bacteria 997:1004 arg1 growth 987:992 The growth 983:992 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film 983:1041 The growth of bacteria and fungi in starch hybrid PEHA film is reduced substantially with imprint of nano CaCO3. 26794951 3 48 used used 438:441 arg2 XRD 430:432 XRD 430:432 XRD 430:432 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 3 48 used used 438:441 arg2 diffraction 417:427 X-ray diffraction 411:427 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 411:433 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 2 49 theme nano 292:295 arg1 CaCO3 297:301 nano CaCO3 292:301 nano CaCO3 292:301 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 3 50 theme film 549:552 arg1 formation 517:525 the formation 513:525 the formation of nanocomposite thin film 513:552 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 1 51 theme aqueous 248:254 arg1 medium 256:261 aqueous medium 248:261 aqueous medium 248:261 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 2 52 theme CaCO3 297:301 arg1 interaction 277:287 The chemical interaction 264:287 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA 264:341 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 6 53 theme films 802:806 arg1 strength 746:753 The tensile strength 734:753 The tensile strength 734:753 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 6 53 theme films 802:806 arg1 stability 764:772 thermal stability 756:772 thermal stability 756:772 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 6 53 theme films 802:806 arg1 conductivity 786:797 thermal conductivity 778:797 thermal conductivity 778:797 The tensile strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of films are increased with increase in concentrations of CaCO3 nanopowder. 26794951 2 54 theme PVA 339:341 arg1 presence 316:323 presence 316:323 presence of starch and PVA 316:341 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 1 55 from composition 219:229 arg1 medium 256:261 aqueous medium 248:261 aqueous medium 248:261 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 1 56 theme nanocomposite 168:180 arg1 films 187:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 7 57 theme chemical 879:886 arg1 resistance 888:897 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties 875:926 resistance 888:897 The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite thin films are also investigated. 26794951 4 58 theme electron 614:621 arg1 SEM 635:637 SEM 635:637 SEM 635:637 The surface morphology of nanofilms is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26794951 4 58 theme electron 614:621 arg1 microscope 623:632 scanning electron microscope 605:632 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 605:638 The surface morphology of nanofilms is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26794951 3 59 theme X-ray 411:415 arg1 diffraction 417:427 X-ray diffraction 411:427 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 411:433 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 3 59 theme X-ray 411:415 arg1 XRD 430:432 XRD 430:432 XRD 430:432 X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used in order to study the change in crystallite size and d-spacing during the formation of nanocomposite thin film. 26794951 2 60 theme chemical 268:275 arg1 interaction 277:287 The chemical interaction 264:287 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA 264:341 The chemical interaction of nano CaCO3 with PEHA in presence of starch and PVA is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26794951 1 61 theme thin 182:185 arg1 films 187:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films 101:191 Starch hybrid polyethylhexylacrylate (PEHA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films are prepared by different composition of nano CaCO3 in aqueous medium. 26794951 4 62 theme scanning 605:612 arg1 SEM 635:637 SEM 635:637 SEM 635:637 The surface morphology of nanofilms is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26794951 4 62 theme scanning 605:612 arg1 microscope 623:632 scanning electron microscope 605:632 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 605:638 The surface morphology of nanofilms is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27521494 6 0 theme polysaccharide 883:896 arg1 nature 898:903 The polysaccharide nature 879:903 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel 879:919 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 11 1 theme surgical 1830:1837 arg1 procedure 1839:1847 a surgical procedure 1828:1847 a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw 1828:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 15 2 theme swelling 2554:2561 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 2 theme swelling 2554:2561 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 2 theme swelling 2554:2561 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 2 theme swelling 2554:2561 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 2 theme swelling 2554:2561 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 2 theme swelling 2554:2561 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 7 3 theme significant 1095:1105 arg1 adsorption 1107:1116 significant adsorption 1095:1116 significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario 1095:1250 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 10 4 theme developed 1706:1714 arg1 biomaterials 1725:1736 the developed moldable biomaterials 1702:1736 the developed moldable biomaterials 1702:1736 These results suggest a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone. 27521494 1 5 theme consequent 130:139 arg1 success 151:157 their consequent long-term success 124:157 their consequent long-term success 124:157 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 5 6 dep novel 750:754 arg1 moldable 757:764 moldable 757:764 moldable 757:764 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 15 7 from control 2450:2456 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 1 8 attach presence 180:187 arg2 bone 249:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 1 8 attach presence 180:187 arg1 site 208:211 the extraction site 193:211 the extraction site 193:211 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 5 9 theme chitosan-pectin 766:780 arg1 hydrogel 782:789 a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel 748:789 a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm 748:876 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 15 10 theme developed 2651:2659 arg1 biomaterial 2661:2671 the developed biomaterial 2647:2671 the developed biomaterial 2647:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 9 11 theme activity 1637:1644 arg1 expression 1602:1611 the expression 1598:1611 the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity 1598:1644 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 12 12 theme shaping 2117:2123 arg1 properties 2125:2134 difficult shaping properties 2107:2134 difficult shaping properties 2107:2134 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 1 13 theme extraction 197:206 arg1 site 208:211 the extraction site 193:211 the extraction site 193:211 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 10 14 theme biomaterials 1725:1736 arg1 potential 1689:1697 a great potential 1681:1697 a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone 1681:1778 These results suggest a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone. 27521494 15 15 theme significant 2616:2626 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 15 theme significant 2616:2626 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 15 theme significant 2616:2626 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 15 theme significant 2616:2626 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 15 theme significant 2616:2626 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 15 theme significant 2616:2626 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 5 16 theme biphasic 805:812 arg1 particles 832:840 biphasic calcium phosphate particles 805:840 biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size 805:850 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 12 17 theme different 2083:2091 arg1 condition 2093:2101 different condition 2083:2101 different condition 2083:2101 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 11 18 located present 1961:1967 arg2 bone 1947:1950 alveolar bone 1938:1950 alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site 1938:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 11 18 located present 1961:1967 arg1 site 1987:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 10 19 theme alveolar 1766:1773 arg1 bone 1775:1778 the alveolar bone 1762:1778 the alveolar bone 1762:1778 These results suggest a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone. 27521494 11 20 theme extraction 1976:1985 arg1 site 1987:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 1 21 theme healthy 217:223 arg1 bone 249:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 6 22 theme hydrogel 912:919 arg1 nature 898:903 The polysaccharide nature 879:903 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel 879:919 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 8 23 theme ultimate 1395:1402 arg1 strength 1412:1419 ultimate tensile strength 1395:1419 ultimate tensile strength 1395:1419 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 12 24 theme scaffold 2032:2039 arg1 materials 2041:2049 scaffold materials 2032:2049 scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior 2032:2078 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 1 25 theme long-term 141:149 arg1 success 151:157 their consequent long-term success 124:157 their consequent long-term success 124:157 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 15 26 from behavior 2509:2516 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 14 27 theme culture 2330:2336 arg1 study 2338:2342 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 11 28 theme bone 1947:1950 arg1 quality 1914:1920 quality 1914:1920 quality 1914:1920 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 11 28 theme bone 1947:1950 arg1 quantity 1926:1933 quantity 1926:1933 quantity 1926:1933 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 15 29 theme easy 2459:2462 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 29 theme easy 2459:2462 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 29 theme easy 2459:2462 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 29 theme easy 2459:2462 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 29 theme easy 2459:2462 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 29 theme easy 2459:2462 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 9 30 theme SAOS-2 1453:1458 arg1 line 1484:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 7 31 theme defect 1186:1191 arg1 space 1193:1197 the bone defect space 1177:1197 the bone defect space 1177:1197 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 9 32 theme osteoblastic 1466:1477 arg1 line 1484:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 6 33 theme ceramic 961:967 arg1 particles 969:977 the ceramic particles 957:977 the ceramic particles 957:977 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 4 34 theme graft 496:500 arg1 materials 502:510 bone graft materials 491:510 bone graft materials 491:510 This goal is achieved using bone graft materials, which should simulate extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to promote osteoblast proliferation and fill the void, maintaining the space without collapsing until the new bone is formed. 27521494 14 35 theme extensive 2305:2313 arg1 study 2338:2342 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 5 36 theme 100-300μm 868:876 arg1 range 859:863 the range 855:863 the range of 100-300μm 855:876 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 8 37 theme particles 1282:1290 arg1 incorporation 1257:1269 The incorporation 1253:1269 The incorporation of ceramic particles 1253:1290 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 15 38 theme different 2521:2529 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 9 39 theme high 1494:1497 arg1 proliferation 1504:1516 high cell proliferation 1494:1516 high cell proliferation 1494:1516 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 6 40 theme bone 947:950 arg1 ECM 932:934 the ECM 928:934 the ECM of natural bone 928:950 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 14 41 theme natural 2284:2290 arg1 bone 2292:2295 natural bone 2284:2295 natural bone 2284:2295 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 7 42 theme content 1160:1166 arg1 % 1146:1146 up to 200% 1137:1146 up to 200% of solution content 1137:1166 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 7 42 theme content 1160:1166 arg1 content 1160:1166 solution content 1151:1166 solution content 1151:1166 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 6 43 theme Electron 1039:1046 arg1 Microscopy 1048:1057 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1030:1057 Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis 1030:1066 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 3 44 theme titanium 378:385 arg1 implants 387:394 titanium implants 378:394 titanium implants 378:394 In these cases, placement of titanium implants is contraindicated until a vertical bone augmentation is obtained. 27521494 8 45 theme stable 1311:1316 arg1 material 1302:1309 the material 1298:1309 the material stable at different pH 1298:1332 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 3 46 theme vertical 423:430 arg1 augmentation 437:448 a vertical bone augmentation 421:448 a vertical bone augmentation 421:448 In these cases, placement of titanium implants is contraindicated until a vertical bone augmentation is obtained. 27521494 0 47 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 hydrogel 28:35 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel 0:35 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel for alveolar bone regeneration. 0:67 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel for alveolar bone regeneration. 27521494 1 48 theme implants 111:118 arg1 osseointegration 84:99 UNLABELLED The osseointegration 69:99 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success 69:157 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 8 49 theme different 1321:1329 arg1 pH 1331:1332 different pH 1321:1332 different pH 1321:1332 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 11 50 theme titanium 1878:1885 arg1 screw 1887:1891 a titanium screw 1876:1891 a titanium screw 1876:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 0 51 theme alveolar 41:48 arg1 regeneration 55:66 alveolar bone regeneration 41:66 alveolar bone regeneration 41:66 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel for alveolar bone regeneration. 27521494 13 52 theme novel 2165:2169 arg1 hydrogel 2187:2194 a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel 2163:2194 a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel reinforced with ceramic particles 2163:2228 In this work we developed a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel reinforced with ceramic particles. 27521494 11 53 attach present 1961:1967 arg2 bone 1947:1950 alveolar bone 1938:1950 alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site 1938:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 11 53 attach present 1961:1967 arg1 site 1987:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 7 54 theme in 1235:1236 arg1 scenario 1243:1250 an in vivo scenario 1232:1250 an in vivo scenario 1232:1250 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 7 55 theme solution 1127:1134 arg1 adsorption 1107:1116 significant adsorption 1095:1116 significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario 1095:1250 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 4 56 theme extracellular 535:547 arg1 ECM 557:559 ECM 557:559 ECM 557:559 This goal is achieved using bone graft materials, which should simulate extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to promote osteoblast proliferation and fill the void, maintaining the space without collapsing until the new bone is formed. 27521494 4 56 theme extracellular 535:547 arg1 matrix 549:554 extracellular matrix 535:554 extracellular matrix (ECM) 535:560 This goal is achieved using bone graft materials, which should simulate extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to promote osteoblast proliferation and fill the void, maintaining the space without collapsing until the new bone is formed. 27521494 5 57 with particles 832:840 arg1 size 847:850 size 847:850 size 847:850 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 8 58 theme elastic 1364:1370 arg1 modulus 1372:1378 the compressive elastic modulus 1348:1378 the compressive elastic modulus 1348:1378 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 14 59 theme pro-osteogenic 2419:2432 arg1 response 2434:2441 a pro-osteogenic response 2417:2441 a pro-osteogenic response 2417:2441 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 7 60 dep in 1235:1236 arg1 vivo 1238:1241 vivo 1238:1241 vivo 1238:1241 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 11 61 from site 1987:1990 arg1 present 1961:1967 present 1961:1967 present 1961:1967 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 4 62 theme osteoblast 583:592 arg1 proliferation 594:606 osteoblast proliferation 583:606 osteoblast proliferation 583:606 This goal is achieved using bone graft materials, which should simulate extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to promote osteoblast proliferation and fill the void, maintaining the space without collapsing until the new bone is formed. 27521494 6 63 theme osteoblast 992:1001 arg1 proliferation 1003:1015 high osteoblast proliferation 987:1015 high osteoblast proliferation 987:1015 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 11 64 theme procedure 1839:1847 arg1 fate 1820:1823 The positive fate 1807:1823 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw 1781:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 1 65 theme alveolar 240:247 arg1 bone 249:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 7 66 theme water 1121:1125 arg1 solution 1127:1134 water solution 1121:1134 water solution (up to 200% of solution content) 1121:1167 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 9 67 theme particles 1578:1586 arg1 presence 1558:1565 the presence 1554:1565 the presence of ceramic particles 1554:1586 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 14 68 theme ceramic 2391:2397 arg1 particles 2399:2407 the ceramic particles 2387:2407 the ceramic particles 2387:2407 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 11 69 from present 1961:1967 arg1 site 1987:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 the extraction site 1972:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 12 70 with materials 2041:2049 arg1 behavior 2071:2078 un-predictable behavior 2056:2078 un-predictable behavior 2056:2078 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 10 71 theme moldable 1716:1723 arg1 biomaterials 1725:1736 the developed moldable biomaterials 1702:1736 the developed moldable biomaterials 1702:1736 These results suggest a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone. 27521494 15 72 theme extraction 2480:2489 arg1 site 2491:2494 the extraction site 2476:2494 the extraction site 2476:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 73 theme biomaterial 2661:2671 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 73 theme biomaterial 2661:2671 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 73 theme biomaterial 2661:2671 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 73 theme biomaterial 2661:2671 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 73 theme biomaterial 2661:2671 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 73 theme biomaterial 2661:2671 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 7 74 theme Swelling 1069:1076 arg1 properties 1078:1087 Swelling properties 1069:1087 Swelling properties 1069:1087 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 9 75 theme phosphatase 1625:1635 arg1 activity 1637:1644 alkaline phosphatase activity 1616:1644 alkaline phosphatase activity 1616:1644 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 2 76 theme periodontal 314:324 arg1 traumas 305:311 extraction traumas 294:311 extraction traumas 294:311 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 2 76 theme periodontal 314:324 arg1 disease 326:332 periodontal disease 314:332 periodontal disease 314:332 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 8 77 from pH 1331:1332 arg1 stable 1311:1316 stable 1311:1316 stable 1311:1316 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 11 78 dep quality 1914:1920 arg1 the 1910:1912 the 1910:1912 the 1910:1912 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 6 79 theme natural 939:945 arg1 bone 947:950 natural bone 939:950 natural bone 939:950 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 7 80 from material 1220:1227 arg1 scenario 1243:1250 an in vivo scenario 1232:1250 an in vivo scenario 1232:1250 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 12 81 theme difficult 2107:2115 arg1 properties 2125:2134 difficult shaping properties 2107:2134 difficult shaping properties 2107:2134 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 2 82 theme traumas 305:311 arg1 result 284:289 the result 280:289 the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection 280:346 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 2 82 theme traumas 305:311 arg1 deficiencies 260:271 Bone deficiencies 255:271 Bone deficiencies 255:271 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 12 83 theme un-predictable 2056:2069 arg1 behavior 2071:2078 un-predictable behavior 2056:2078 un-predictable behavior 2056:2078 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 10 84 theme bone 1775:1778 arg1 regeneration 1746:1757 the regeneration 1742:1757 the regeneration of the alveolar bone 1742:1778 These results suggest a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone. 27521494 15 85 from adaption 2464:2471 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 5 86 theme calcium 814:820 arg1 particles 832:840 biphasic calcium phosphate particles 805:840 biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size 805:850 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 8 87 theme tensile 1404:1410 arg1 strength 1412:1419 ultimate tensile strength 1395:1419 ultimate tensile strength 1395:1419 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 11 88 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1794:1805 arg1 STATEMENT 1781:1789 STATEMENT 1781:1789 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw 1781:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 15 89 theme site 2491:2494 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 89 theme site 2491:2494 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 89 theme site 2491:2494 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 89 theme site 2491:2494 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 89 theme site 2491:2494 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 89 theme site 2491:2494 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 9 90 theme cell 1435:1438 arg1 studies 1440:1446 cell studies 1435:1446 cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1435:1487 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 11 91 theme alveolar 1938:1945 arg1 bone 1947:1950 alveolar bone 1938:1950 alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site 1938:1990 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 1 92 theme success 151:157 arg1 osseointegration 84:99 UNLABELLED The osseointegration 69:99 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success 69:157 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 6 93 theme high 987:990 arg1 proliferation 1003:1015 high osteoblast proliferation 987:1015 high osteoblast proliferation 987:1015 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 14 94 theme cells 2324:2328 arg1 study 2338:2342 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 7 95 theme bone 1181:1184 arg1 space 1193:1197 the bone defect space 1177:1197 the bone defect space 1177:1197 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 2 96 theme Bone 255:258 arg1 result 284:289 the result 280:289 the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection 280:346 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 2 96 theme Bone 255:258 arg1 deficiencies 260:271 Bone deficiencies 255:271 Bone deficiencies 255:271 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 9 97 theme human 1460:1464 arg1 line 1484:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 9 98 theme alkaline 1616:1623 arg1 phosphatase 1625:1635 alkaline phosphatase 1616:1635 alkaline phosphatase activity 1616:1644 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 12 99 theme Available 1993:2001 arg1 materials 2003:2011 Available materials 1993:2011 Available materials 1993:2011 Available materials are basically hard scaffold materials with un-predictable behavior in different condition and difficult shaping properties. 27521494 14 100 theme in 2315:2316 arg1 cells 2324:2328 in vitro cells 2315:2328 the extensive in vitro cells culture study 2301:2342 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 15 101 theme Shape 2444:2448 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 101 theme Shape 2444:2448 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 101 theme Shape 2444:2448 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 101 theme Shape 2444:2448 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 101 theme Shape 2444:2448 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 101 theme Shape 2444:2448 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 9 102 theme cell 1479:1482 arg1 line 1484:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 7 103 dep 200 1143:1145 arg1 to 1140:1141 to 1140:1141 to 1140:1141 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 4 104 theme new 678:680 arg1 bone 682:685 the new bone 674:685 the new bone 674:685 This goal is achieved using bone graft materials, which should simulate extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to promote osteoblast proliferation and fill the void, maintaining the space without collapsing until the new bone is formed. 27521494 1 105 from presence 180:187 arg1 site 208:211 the extraction site 193:211 the extraction site 193:211 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 1 106 theme UNLABELLED 69:78 arg1 osseointegration 84:99 UNLABELLED The osseointegration 69:99 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success 69:157 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 2 107 theme extraction 294:303 arg1 infection 338:346 infection 338:346 infection 338:346 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 2 107 theme extraction 294:303 arg1 traumas 305:311 extraction traumas 294:311 extraction traumas 294:311 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 2 107 theme extraction 294:303 arg1 disease 326:332 periodontal disease 314:332 periodontal disease 314:332 Bone deficiencies may be the result of extraction traumas, periodontal disease and infection. 27521494 15 108 from properties 2563:2572 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 8 109 theme ceramic 1274:1280 arg1 particles 1282:1290 ceramic particles 1274:1290 ceramic particles 1274:1290 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 14 110 theme bone 2292:2295 arg1 matrix 2274:2279 the extracellular matrix 2256:2279 the extracellular matrix of natural bone 2256:2295 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 7 111 theme solution 1151:1158 arg1 content 1160:1166 solution content 1151:1166 solution content 1151:1166 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 11 112 dep STATEMENT 1781:1789 arg1 fate 1820:1823 The positive fate 1807:1823 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw 1781:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 15 113 theme environment 2531:2541 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 9 114 theme cell 1499:1502 arg1 proliferation 1504:1516 high cell proliferation 1494:1516 high cell proliferation 1494:1516 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 14 115 dep in 2315:2316 arg1 vitro 2318:2322 vitro 2318:2322 vitro 2318:2322 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 6 116 theme Microscopy 1048:1057 arg1 analysis 1059:1066 Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis 1030:1066 Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis 1030:1066 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 4 117 theme bone 491:494 arg1 materials 502:510 bone graft materials 491:510 bone graft materials 491:510 This goal is achieved using bone graft materials, which should simulate extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to promote osteoblast proliferation and fill the void, maintaining the space without collapsing until the new bone is formed. 27521494 7 118 dep solution 1127:1134 arg1 % 1146:1146 up to 200% 1137:1146 up to 200% of solution content 1137:1166 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 7 118 dep solution 1127:1134 arg1 content 1160:1166 solution content 1151:1166 solution content 1151:1166 Swelling properties allow significant adsorption of water solution (up to 200% of solution content) so that the bone defect space can be filled by the material in an in vivo scenario. 27521494 0 119 theme bioceramic-reinforced 6:26 arg1 hydrogel 28:35 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel 0:35 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel for alveolar bone regeneration. 0:67 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel for alveolar bone regeneration. 27521494 1 120 theme dental 104:109 arg1 implants 111:118 dental implants 104:118 dental implants 104:118 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 6 121 theme Scanning 1030:1037 arg1 Microscopy 1048:1057 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1030:1057 Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis 1030:1066 The polysaccharide nature of the hydrogel mimics the ECM of natural bone, and the ceramic particles promote high osteoblast proliferation, assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. 27521494 3 122 theme implants 387:394 arg1 placement 365:373 placement 365:373 placement of titanium implants 365:394 In these cases, placement of titanium implants is contraindicated until a vertical bone augmentation is obtained. 27521494 9 123 with studies 1440:1446 arg1 line 1484:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line 1453:1487 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 15 124 from response 2599:2606 arg1 condition 2543:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 different environment condition 2521:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 14 125 theme extracellular 2260:2272 arg1 matrix 2274:2279 the extracellular matrix 2256:2279 the extracellular matrix of natural bone 2256:2295 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 3 126 theme bone 432:435 arg1 augmentation 437:448 a vertical bone augmentation 421:448 a vertical bone augmentation 421:448 In these cases, placement of titanium implants is contraindicated until a vertical bone augmentation is obtained. 27521494 13 127 theme ceramic 2212:2218 arg1 particles 2220:2228 ceramic particles 2212:2228 ceramic particles 2212:2228 In this work we developed a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel reinforced with ceramic particles. 27521494 15 128 theme predictable 2497:2507 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 128 theme predictable 2497:2507 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 128 theme predictable 2497:2507 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 128 theme predictable 2497:2507 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 128 theme predictable 2497:2507 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 128 theme predictable 2497:2507 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 0 129 theme bone 50:53 arg1 regeneration 55:66 alveolar bone regeneration 41:66 alveolar bone regeneration 41:66 Novel bioceramic-reinforced hydrogel for alveolar bone regeneration. 27521494 11 130 theme screw 1887:1891 arg1 insertion 1863:1871 the insertion 1859:1871 the insertion of a titanium screw 1859:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 5 131 theme novel 750:754 arg1 hydrogel 782:789 a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel 748:789 a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm 748:876 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 13 132 theme pectin-chitosan 2171:2185 arg1 hydrogel 2187:2194 a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel 2163:2194 a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel reinforced with ceramic particles 2163:2228 In this work we developed a novel pectin-chitosan hydrogel reinforced with ceramic particles. 27521494 8 133 theme compressive 1352:1362 arg1 modulus 1372:1378 the compressive elastic modulus 1348:1378 the compressive elastic modulus 1348:1378 The incorporation of ceramic particles makes the material stable at different pH and increases the compressive elastic modulus, toughness and ultimate tensile strength. 27521494 11 134 theme positive 1811:1818 arg1 fate 1820:1823 The positive fate 1807:1823 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw 1781:1891 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The positive fate of a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a titanium screw still depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone which is present in the extraction site. 27521494 15 135 theme anti-inflammatory 2581:2597 arg1 control 2450:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control 2444:2456 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 135 theme anti-inflammatory 2581:2597 arg1 response 2599:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 an anti-inflammatory response 2578:2606 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 135 theme anti-inflammatory 2581:2597 arg1 adaption 2464:2471 easy adaption 2459:2471 easy adaption of the extraction site 2459:2494 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 135 theme anti-inflammatory 2581:2597 arg1 behavior 2509:2516 predictable behavior 2497:2516 predictable behavior in different environment condition 2497:2551 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 135 theme anti-inflammatory 2581:2597 arg1 properties 2563:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 swelling properties 2554:2572 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 15 135 theme anti-inflammatory 2581:2597 arg1 characteristics 2628:2642 the significant characteristics 2612:2642 the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial 2612:2671 Shape control, easy adaption of the extraction site, predictable behavior in different environment condition, swelling properties and an anti-inflammatory response are the significant characteristics of the developed biomaterial. 27521494 1 136 theme sufficient 229:238 arg1 bone 249:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 healthy and sufficient alveolar bone 217:252 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 27521494 5 137 theme phosphate 822:830 arg1 particles 832:840 biphasic calcium phosphate particles 805:840 biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size 805:850 In this work, we design, develop and characterize a novel, moldable chitosan-pectin hydrogel reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate particles with size in the range of 100-300μm. 27521494 9 138 theme ceramic 1570:1576 arg1 particles 1578:1586 ceramic particles 1570:1586 ceramic particles 1570:1586 Furthermore, cell studies with SAOS-2 human osteoblastic cell line show high cell proliferation and adhesion already after 72h, and the presence of ceramic particles increases the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity after 1week. 27521494 14 139 theme particles 2399:2407 arg1 incorporation 2370:2382 the incorporation 2366:2382 the incorporation of the ceramic particles 2366:2407 Polysaccharides simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and the extensive in vitro cells culture study allows to assess that the incorporation of the ceramic particles promote a pro-osteogenic response. 27521494 10 140 theme great 1683:1687 arg1 potential 1689:1697 a great potential 1681:1697 a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone 1681:1778 These results suggest a great potential of the developed moldable biomaterials for the regeneration of the alveolar bone. 27521494 1 141 theme bone 249:252 arg1 presence 180:187 the presence 176:187 the presence 176:187 UNLABELLED The osseointegration of dental implants and their consequent long-term success is guaranteed by the presence, in the extraction site, of healthy and sufficient alveolar bone. 24651920 7 0 theme un-structured 1127:1139 arg1 micelles 1150:1157 un-structured Pluronic micelles 1127:1157 un-structured Pluronic micelles 1127:1157 Nevertheless, smaller alginate meshes are still on and can just host un-structured Pluronic micelles and water. 24651920 6 1 theme cubic 887:891 arg1 domains 901:907 cubic ordered domains 887:907 cubic ordered domains 887:907 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 7 2 dep host 1122:1125 arg1 micelles 1150:1157 un-structured Pluronic micelles 1127:1157 un-structured Pluronic micelles 1127:1157 Nevertheless, smaller alginate meshes are still on and can just host un-structured Pluronic micelles and water. 24651920 9 3 theme smaller 1432:1438 arg1 ones 1440:1443 smaller ones 1432:1443 smaller ones 1432:1443 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 6 4 theme meshes 965:970 arg1 formation 952:960 the formation 948:960 the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm) 948:1055 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 7 5 theme Pluronic 1141:1148 arg1 micelles 1150:1157 un-structured Pluronic micelles 1127:1157 un-structured Pluronic micelles 1127:1157 Nevertheless, smaller alginate meshes are still on and can just host un-structured Pluronic micelles and water. 24651920 5 6 from macroscopic 751:761 arg1 information 732:742 information 732:742 information at the macroscopic and nano-level 732:776 While rheology provided information at the macroscopic and nano-level, the other three approaches gave details at the nano-level. 24651920 2 7 theme class 336:340 arg1 delivery 312:319 artery endoluminal delivery 293:319 artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 293:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 4 8 used used 702:705 arg2 approaches 642:651 different technical approaches 622:651 different technical approaches 622:651 Thus, to explore these aspects, different technical approaches, i.e. rheology, low/high field NMR and TEM, were used. 24651920 9 9 theme considerable 1379:1390 arg1 action 1402:1407 a considerable hindering action 1377:1407 a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute 1377:1429 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 1 10 link crosslinked 194:204 arg1 alginate 206:213 crosslinked alginate 194:213 crosslinked alginate 194:213 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 8 11 theme smaller 1289:1295 arg1 meshes 1297:1302 smaller meshes 1289:1302 smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles) 1289:1351 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 9 12 theme free 1465:1468 arg1 space 1470:1474 free space 1465:1474 free space 1465:1474 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 9 13 theme solute 1482:1487 arg1 diffusion 1489:1497 solute diffusion 1482:1497 solute diffusion 1482:1497 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 8 14 theme Pluronic 1265:1272 arg1 crystalline 1253:1263 crystalline Pluronic 1253:1272 crystalline Pluronic 1253:1272 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 8 15 theme gel 1187:1189 arg1 structure 1191:1199 the gel structure 1183:1199 the gel structure 1183:1199 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 8 15 theme gel 1187:1189 arg1 inhomogeneous 1210:1222 inhomogeneous 1210:1222 inhomogeneous 1210:1222 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 4 16 theme field 678:682 arg1 NMR 684:686 low/high field NMR 669:686 low/high field NMR 669:686 Thus, to explore these aspects, different technical approaches, i.e. rheology, low/high field NMR and TEM, were used. 24651920 3 17 theme size 457:460 arg1 distribution 462:473 mesh size distribution 452:473 mesh size distribution 452:473 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 6 18 theme Pluronic-free 1016:1028 arg1 nm 1053:1054 ≈ 25 nm 1048:1054 ≈ 25 nm 1048:1054 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 6 18 theme Pluronic-free 1016:1028 arg1 network 1039:1045 a Pluronic-free alginate network 1014:1045 a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm) 1014:1055 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 2 19 theme polymeric 262:270 arg1 blend 272:276 a composite polymeric blend 250:276 a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 250:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 2 19 theme polymeric 262:270 arg1 This 242:245 This 242:245 This 242:245 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 10 20 theme small 1534:1538 arg1 meshes 1540:1545 big and small meshes 1526:1545 big and small meshes 1526:1545 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 1 21 theme hydrogel 174:181 arg1 characteristics 132:146 the physical characteristics 119:146 the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127) 119:239 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 6 22 theme Pluronic 854:861 arg1 micelles 863:870 Pluronic micelles 854:870 Pluronic micelles 854:870 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 7 23 theme smaller 1072:1078 arg1 meshes 1089:1094 smaller alginate meshes 1072:1094 smaller alginate meshes 1072:1094 Nevertheless, smaller alginate meshes are still on and can just host un-structured Pluronic micelles and water. 24651920 2 24 theme composite 252:260 arg1 blend 272:276 a composite polymeric blend 250:276 a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 250:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 2 24 theme composite 252:260 arg1 This 242:245 This 242:245 This 242:245 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 6 25 theme alginate 1030:1037 arg1 nm 1053:1054 ≈ 25 nm 1048:1054 ≈ 25 nm 1048:1054 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 6 25 theme alginate 1030:1037 arg1 network 1039:1045 a Pluronic-free alginate network 1014:1045 a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm) 1014:1055 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 2 26 theme based 374:378 arg1 NABDs 387:391 NABDs 387:391 NABDs 387:391 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 2 26 theme based 374:378 arg1 drugs 380:384 nucleic acid based drugs 361:384 nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 361:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 8 27 dep meshes 1297:1302 arg1 hosting 1305:1311 hosting 1305:1311 hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles 1305:1350 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 2 28 dep blend 272:276 arg1 propose 281:287 propose 281:287 propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 281:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 2 29 theme endoluminal 300:310 arg1 delivery 312:319 artery endoluminal delivery 293:319 artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 293:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 9 30 theme big 1360:1362 arg1 meshes 1364:1369 big meshes 1360:1369 big meshes 1360:1369 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 0 31 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 characterization 9:24 Physical characterization 0:24 Physical characterization of alginate-Pluronic F127 gel for endoluminal 0:70 Physical characterization of alginate-Pluronic F127 gel for endoluminal NABDs delivery. 24651920 9 32 from action 1402:1407 arg1 solute 1424:1429 a diffusing solute 1412:1429 a diffusing solute 1412:1429 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 2 33 theme artery 293:298 arg1 delivery 312:319 artery endoluminal delivery 293:319 artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 293:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 2 34 theme nucleic 361:367 arg1 acid 369:372 nucleic acid 361:372 nucleic acid 361:372 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 0 35 theme alginate-Pluronic 29:45 arg1 gel 52:54 alginate-Pluronic F127 gel 29:54 alginate-Pluronic F127 gel 29:54 Physical characterization of alginate-Pluronic F127 gel for endoluminal NABDs delivery. 24651920 5 36 theme other 783:787 arg1 approaches 795:804 the other three approaches 779:804 the other three approaches 779:804 While rheology provided information at the macroscopic and nano-level, the other three approaches gave details at the nano-level. 24651920 11 37 theme arterial 1731:1738 arg1 wall 1740:1743 the arterial wall 1727:1743 the arterial wall 1727:1743 Notably, this behavior is considered appropriate for endoluminal drug release to the arterial wall. 24651920 1 38 theme crosslinked 194:204 arg1 alginate 206:213 crosslinked alginate 194:213 crosslinked alginate 194:213 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 3 39 theme NABDs 566:570 arg1 kinetics 580:587 the NABDs release kinetics 562:587 the NABDs release kinetics 562:587 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 6 40 theme alginate 925:932 arg1 crosslinking 934:945 alginate crosslinking 925:945 alginate crosslinking 925:945 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 10 41 theme fast 1623:1626 arg1 release 1637:1643 a fast and slow release 1621:1643 a fast and slow release 1621:1643 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 1 42 theme biocompatible 160:172 arg1 hydrogel 174:181 a highly biocompatible hydrogel 151:181 a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127) 151:239 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 4 43 theme low/high 669:676 arg1 NMR 684:686 low/high field NMR 669:686 low/high field NMR 669:686 Thus, to explore these aspects, different technical approaches, i.e. rheology, low/high field NMR and TEM, were used. 24651920 0 44 theme gel 52:54 arg1 characterization 9:24 Physical characterization 0:24 Physical characterization of alginate-Pluronic F127 gel for endoluminal 0:70 Physical characterization of alginate-Pluronic F127 gel for endoluminal NABDs delivery. 24651920 10 45 theme double 1588:1593 arg1 kinetics 1595:1602 a double kinetics 1586:1602 a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release 1586:1643 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 6 46 theme larger 983:988 arg1 meshes 965:970 meshes 965:970 meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm) 965:1055 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 6 46 theme larger 983:988 arg1 nm 979:980 ≈ 150 nm 973:980 ≈ 150 nm 973:980 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 4 47 theme different 622:630 arg1 approaches 642:651 different technical approaches 622:651 different technical approaches 622:651 Thus, to explore these aspects, different technical approaches, i.e. rheology, low/high field NMR and TEM, were used. 24651920 3 48 theme physical 399:406 arg1 characterization 408:423 The physical characterization 395:423 The physical characterization 395:423 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 4 49 theme technical 632:640 arg1 approaches 642:651 different technical approaches 622:651 different technical approaches 622:651 Thus, to explore these aspects, different technical approaches, i.e. rheology, low/high field NMR and TEM, were used. 24651920 0 50 theme F127 47:50 arg1 gel 52:54 alginate-Pluronic F127 gel 29:54 alginate-Pluronic F127 gel 29:54 Physical characterization of alginate-Pluronic F127 gel for endoluminal NABDs delivery. 24651920 7 51 theme alginate 1080:1087 arg1 meshes 1089:1094 smaller alginate meshes 1072:1094 smaller alginate meshes 1072:1094 Nevertheless, smaller alginate meshes are still on and can just host un-structured Pluronic micelles and water. 24651920 8 52 theme big 1231:1233 arg1 meshes 1235:1240 big meshes 1231:1240 big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) 1231:1273 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 1 53 theme Pluronic 219:226 arg1 PF127 234:238 PF127 234:238 PF127 234:238 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 1 53 theme Pluronic 219:226 arg1 F127 228:231 Pluronic F127 219:231 Pluronic F127 (PF127) 219:239 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 3 54 theme release 572:578 arg1 kinetics 580:587 the NABDs release kinetics 562:587 the NABDs release kinetics 562:587 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 6 55 theme ≈ 1048:1048 arg1 nm 1053:1054 ≈ 25 nm 1048:1054 ≈ 25 nm 1048:1054 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 6 55 theme ≈ 1048:1048 arg1 network 1039:1045 a Pluronic-free alginate network 1014:1045 a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm) 1014:1055 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 2 56 theme emerging 327:334 arg1 class 336:340 an emerging class 324:340 an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 324:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 9 57 theme diffusing 1414:1422 arg1 solute 1424:1429 a diffusing solute 1412:1429 a diffusing solute 1412:1429 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 11 58 theme endoluminal 1699:1709 arg1 release 1716:1722 endoluminal drug release 1699:1722 endoluminal drug release to the arterial wall 1699:1743 Notably, this behavior is considered appropriate for endoluminal drug release to the arterial wall. 24651920 6 59 theme ordered 893:899 arg1 domains 901:907 cubic ordered domains 887:907 cubic ordered domains 887:907 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 10 60 theme drug 1562:1565 arg1 release 1567:1573 drug release 1562:1573 drug release 1562:1573 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 10 61 theme slow 1632:1635 arg1 release 1637:1643 a fast and slow release 1621:1643 a fast and slow release 1621:1643 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 3 62 theme PF127-alginate 479:492 arg1 organization 501:512 PF127-alginate mutual organization 479:512 PF127-alginate mutual organization 479:512 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 9 63 theme space 1470:1474 arg1 sort 1457:1460 a sort 1455:1460 a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster 1455:1507 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 11 64 theme drug 1711:1714 arg1 release 1716:1722 endoluminal drug release 1699:1722 endoluminal drug release to the arterial wall 1699:1743 Notably, this behavior is considered appropriate for endoluminal drug release to the arterial wall. 24651920 10 65 theme big 1526:1528 arg1 meshes 1540:1545 big and small meshes 1526:1545 big and small meshes 1526:1545 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 8 66 theme PF127 1337:1341 arg1 micelles 1343:1350 un-structured PF127 micelles 1323:1350 un-structured PF127 micelles 1323:1350 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 4 67 dep rheology 659:666 arg1 i.e. 654:657 i.e. 654:657 i.e. 654:657 Thus, to explore these aspects, different technical approaches, i.e. rheology, low/high field NMR and TEM, were used. 24651920 1 68 theme physical 123:130 arg1 characteristics 132:146 the physical characteristics 119:146 the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127) 119:239 Here we focus the attention on the physical characteristics of a highly biocompatible hydrogel made up of crosslinked alginate and Pluronic F127 (PF127). 24651920 3 69 dep distribution 462:473 arg1 i.e. 447:450 i.e. 447:450 i.e. 447:450 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 8 70 theme un-structured 1323:1335 arg1 micelles 1343:1350 un-structured PF127 micelles 1323:1350 un-structured PF127 micelles 1323:1350 Accordingly, the gel structure is quite inhomogeneous, where big meshes (filled by crystalline Pluronic) co-exist with smaller meshes (hosting water and un-structured PF127 micelles). 24651920 3 71 theme mesh 452:455 arg1 distribution 462:473 mesh size distribution 452:473 mesh size distribution 452:473 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 9 72 theme hindering 1392:1400 arg1 action 1402:1407 a considerable hindering action 1377:1407 a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute 1377:1429 While big meshes offer a considerable hindering action on a diffusing solute, smaller ones represent a sort of free space where solute diffusion is faster. 24651920 3 73 theme composite 432:440 arg1 gel 442:444 our composite gel 428:444 our composite gel 428:444 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 3 74 theme gel 442:444 arg1 characterization 408:423 The physical characterization 395:423 The physical characterization 395:423 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 3 75 theme mutual 494:499 arg1 organization 501:512 PF127-alginate mutual organization 479:512 PF127-alginate mutual organization 479:512 The physical characterization of our composite gel, i.e. mesh size distribution and PF127-alginate mutual organization after crosslinking, can significantly determine the NABDs release kinetics. 24651920 10 76 theme meshes 1540:1545 arg1 presence 1514:1521 The presence 1510:1521 The presence of big and small meshes 1510:1545 The presence of big and small meshes indicates that drug release may follow a double kinetics characterized by a fast and slow release. 24651920 6 77 theme ≈ 973:973 arg1 meshes 965:970 meshes 965:970 meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm) 965:1055 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 6 77 theme ≈ 973:973 arg1 nm 979:980 ≈ 150 nm 973:980 ≈ 150 nm 973:980 We observe that Pluronic micelles, organizing in cubic ordered domains, generate, upon alginate crosslinking, the formation of meshes (≈ 150 nm) larger than those occurring in a Pluronic-free alginate network (≈ 25 nm). 24651920 5 78 from nano-level 767:776 arg1 information 732:742 information 732:742 information at the macroscopic and nano-level 732:776 While rheology provided information at the macroscopic and nano-level, the other three approaches gave details at the nano-level. 24651920 2 79 dep based 374:378 arg1 acid 369:372 nucleic acid 361:372 nucleic acid 361:372 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 24651920 5 80 from nano-level 826:835 arg1 details 811:817 details 811:817 details at the nano-level 811:835 While rheology provided information at the macroscopic and nano-level, the other three approaches gave details at the nano-level. 24651920 2 81 theme molecules 345:353 arg1 class 336:340 an emerging class 324:340 an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) 324:392 This is a composite polymeric blend we propose for artery endoluminal delivery of an emerging class of molecules named nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs). 26774746 4 0 theme chitin 814:819 arg1 structures 821:830 all higher order chitin structures 797:830 all higher order chitin structures 797:830 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 4 1 with interactions 884:895 arg1 proteins 921:928 structural cuticle proteins 902:928 structural cuticle proteins 902:928 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 11 2 theme structures 2271:2280 arg1 many 2237:2240 many 2237:2240 many 2237:2240 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 11 2 theme structures 2271:2280 arg1 structures 2271:2280 the homologous anatomical structures 2245:2280 the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods 2245:2304 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 10 3 theme fruit 2131:2135 arg1 fly 2137:2139 the fruit fly 2127:2139 the fruit fly 2127:2139 We also use this process to examine the chitin organizations in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Atlantic brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus. 26774746 10 4 theme brown 2184:2188 arg1 shrimp 2190:2195 the Atlantic brown shrimp 2171:2195 the Atlantic brown shrimp 2171:2195 We also use this process to examine the chitin organizations in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Atlantic brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus. 26774746 7 5 theme chitin 1475:1480 arg1 organization 1451:1462 micro scale organization 1439:1462 micro scale organization 1439:1462 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 5 theme chitin 1475:1480 arg1 SEM 1413:1415 SEM 1413:1415 SEM diverse nanoscale 1413:1433 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 6 theme nanoscale 1425:1433 arg1 SEM 1413:1415 SEM 1413:1415 SEM diverse nanoscale 1413:1433 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 11 7 theme homologous 2249:2258 arg1 structures 2271:2280 the homologous anatomical structures 2245:2280 the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods 2245:2304 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 8 8 theme significant 1686:1696 arg1 role 1698:1701 a significant role 1684:1701 a significant role 1684:1701 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 1 9 theme diverse 163:169 arg1 properties 180:189 the most diverse material properties 154:189 the most diverse material properties observed in nature 154:208 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 7 10 theme scale 1445:1449 arg1 organization 1451:1462 micro scale organization 1439:1462 micro scale organization 1439:1462 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 4 11 theme higher 801:806 arg1 structures 821:830 all higher order chitin structures 797:830 all higher order chitin structures 797:830 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 6 12 theme diverse 1239:1245 arg1 morphologies 1254:1265 morphologies 1254:1265 morphologies 1254:1265 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 6 12 theme diverse 1239:1245 arg1 set 1247:1249 an extraordinarily diverse set 1220:1249 an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties 1220:1325 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 10 13 theme Atlantic 2175:2182 arg1 shrimp 2190:2195 the Atlantic brown shrimp 2171:2195 the Atlantic brown shrimp 2171:2195 We also use this process to examine the chitin organizations in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Atlantic brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus. 26774746 7 14 from organization 1451:1462 arg1 wing 1489:1492 wing 1489:1492 wing 1489:1492 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 14 from organization 1451:1462 arg1 arthropods 1624:1633 arthropods 1624:1633 arthropods 1624:1633 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 14 from organization 1451:1462 arg1 insects 1612:1618 other insects 1606:1618 other insects 1606:1618 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 11 15 theme similar 2314:2320 arg1 patterns 2322:2329 similar patterns 2314:2329 similar patterns of chitin organization 2314:2352 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 4 16 theme other 863:867 arg1 arthropods 869:878 other arthropods 863:878 other arthropods 863:878 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 9 17 theme nanostructured 1889:1902 arg1 layer 1904:1908 a nanostructured layer 1887:1908 a nanostructured layer of chitin 1887:1918 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 5 18 theme intact 1024:1029 arg1 insects 1031:1037 intact insects 1024:1037 intact insects 1024:1037 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 5 19 from characterization 966:981 arg1 cuticle 1013:1019 the cuticle 1009:1019 the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 1009:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 10 20 from organizations 2110:2122 arg1 fly 2137:2139 the fruit fly 2127:2139 the fruit fly 2127:2139 We also use this process to examine the chitin organizations in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Atlantic brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus. 26774746 3 21 theme chitin 714:719 arg1 bundles 727:733 chitin fiber bundles 714:733 chitin fiber bundles 714:733 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 7 22 theme septendecim 1587:1597 arg1 regions 1543:1549 ventral thoracic regions 1526:1549 ventral thoracic regions 1526:1549 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 22 theme septendecim 1587:1597 arg1 dorsal 1515:1520 dorsal 1515:1520 dorsal 1515:1520 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 23 theme matrix 1375:1380 arg1 removal 1334:1340 removal 1334:1340 removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle 1334:1393 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 3 24 theme nanofibers 699:708 arg1 organization 676:687 the organization 672:687 the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles 672:733 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 6 25 theme physical 1307:1314 arg1 properties 1316:1325 specific mechanical or physical properties 1284:1325 specific mechanical or physical properties 1284:1325 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 8 26 theme surface 1736:1742 arg1 structures 1744:1753 nanoscale surface structures 1726:1753 nanoscale surface structures 1726:1753 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 1 27 theme insects 118:124 arg1 cuticles 106:113 The cuticles 102:113 The cuticles of insects and arthropods 102:139 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 7 28 theme cicada 1569:1574 arg1 septendecim 1587:1597 the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim 1554:1597 the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim 1554:1597 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 4 29 theme insects 851:857 arg1 cuticles 839:846 the cuticles 835:846 the cuticles of insects and other arthropods 835:878 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 6 30 theme mechanical 1293:1302 arg1 properties 1316:1325 specific mechanical or physical properties 1284:1325 specific mechanical or physical properties 1284:1325 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 1 31 theme cuticle 372:378 arg1 proteins 380:387 cuticle proteins 372:387 cuticle proteins 372:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 32 theme arthropods 130:139 arg1 cuticles 106:113 The cuticles 102:113 The cuticles of insects and arthropods 102:139 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 6 33 theme chitin 1183:1188 arg1 scaffolds 1190:1198 The chitin scaffolds 1179:1198 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles 1179:1210 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 10 34 theme chitin 2103:2108 arg1 organizations 2110:2122 the chitin organizations 2099:2122 the chitin organizations in the fruit fly 2099:2139 We also use this process to examine the chitin organizations in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Atlantic brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus. 26774746 3 35 theme bundles 727:733 arg1 organization 676:687 the organization 672:687 the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles 672:733 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 7 36 from SEM 1413:1415 arg1 wing 1489:1492 wing 1489:1492 wing 1489:1492 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 36 from SEM 1413:1415 arg1 arthropods 1624:1633 arthropods 1624:1633 arthropods 1624:1633 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 36 from SEM 1413:1415 arg1 insects 1612:1618 other insects 1606:1618 other insects 1606:1618 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 37 theme ventral 1526:1532 arg1 regions 1543:1549 ventral thoracic regions 1526:1549 ventral thoracic regions 1526:1549 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 2 38 theme cuticle 484:490 arg1 thickness 506:514 thickness 506:514 thickness 506:514 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 2 38 theme cuticle 484:490 arg1 properties 447:456 the mechanical and optical properties 420:456 the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition 420:530 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 2 38 theme cuticle 484:490 arg1 composition 520:530 composition 520:530 composition 520:530 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 9 39 theme dog 1954:1956 arg1 tibicens 1984:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 39 theme dog 1954:1956 arg1 scaffold 2011:2018 the scaffold 2007:2018 the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2007:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 6 40 from scaffolds 1190:1198 arg1 cuticles 1203:1210 cuticles 1203:1210 cuticles 1203:1210 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 5 41 theme exoskeletons 1053:1064 arg1 cuticle 1013:1019 the cuticle 1009:1019 the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 1009:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 4 42 theme cuticle 913:919 arg1 proteins 921:928 structural cuticle proteins 902:928 structural cuticle proteins 902:928 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 9 43 theme annual 1962:1967 arg1 tibicens 1984:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 43 theme annual 1962:1967 arg1 scaffold 2011:2018 the scaffold 2007:2018 the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2007:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 1 44 theme fibrous 324:330 arg1 network 339:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 44 theme fibrous 324:330 arg1 materials 311:319 the same two materials 298:319 the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins 298:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 0 45 from variation 35:43 arg1 organization 55:66 chitin organization 48:66 chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles 48:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 0 46 theme insect 71:76 arg1 cuticles 92:99 insect and arthropod cuticles 71:99 cuticles 92:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 0 47 theme SEM 0:2 arg1 characterization 4:19 SEM characterization 0:19 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 0:100 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 5 48 theme scale 1150:1154 arg1 structures 1167:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 2 49 theme Various 390:396 arg1 factors 398:404 Various factors 390:404 Various factors 390:404 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 1 50 dep materials 311:319 arg1 network 339:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 50 dep materials 311:319 arg1 matrix 353:358 a matrix 351:358 a matrix composed of cuticle proteins 351:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 50 dep materials 311:319 arg1 materials 311:319 the same two materials 298:319 the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins 298:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 11 51 theme parameters 2386:2395 arg1 set 2379:2381 a common set 2370:2381 a common set 2370:2381 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 11 51 theme parameters 2386:2395 arg1 parameters 2386:2395 parameters 2386:2395 parameters 2386:2395 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 0 52 theme variation 35:43 arg1 characterization 4:19 SEM characterization 0:19 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 0:100 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 5 53 theme chitin 1118:1123 arg1 organization 1125:1136 chitin organization 1118:1136 chitin organization 1118:1136 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 10 54 from shrimp 2190:2195 arg1 fly 2137:2139 the fruit fly 2127:2139 the fruit fly 2127:2139 We also use this process to examine the chitin organizations in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Atlantic brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus. 26774746 0 55 theme chitin 48:53 arg1 organization 55:66 chitin organization 48:66 chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles 48:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 5 56 theme organization 993:1004 arg1 characterization 966:981 the characterization 962:981 the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 962:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 11 57 theme common 2372:2377 arg1 set 2379:2381 a common set 2370:2381 a common set 2370:2381 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 11 57 theme common 2372:2377 arg1 parameters 2386:2395 parameters 2386:2395 parameters 2386:2395 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 9 58 theme microscale 1762:1771 arg1 bristles 1773:1780 microscale bristles 1762:1780 microscale bristles 1762:1780 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 59 theme based 1826:1830 arg1 materials 1832:1840 chitin based materials 1819:1840 chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions 1819:1870 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 60 theme nanocone 2028:2035 arg1 arrays 2037:2042 the nanocone arrays 2024:2042 the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2024:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 4 61 theme chitin 751:756 arg1 foundation 782:791 the foundation 778:791 the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods 778:878 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 4 61 theme chitin 751:756 arg1 nanofibers 758:767 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers 736:767 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers 736:767 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 11 62 theme anatomical 2260:2269 arg1 structures 2271:2280 the homologous anatomical structures 2245:2280 the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods 2245:2304 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 6 63 theme specific 1284:1291 arg1 properties 1316:1325 specific mechanical or physical properties 1284:1325 specific mechanical or physical properties 1284:1325 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 1 64 contain have 141:144 arg2 some 146:149 some 146:149 some 146:149 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 64 contain have 141:144 arg2 properties 180:189 the most diverse material properties 154:189 the most diverse material properties observed in nature 154:208 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 64 contain have 141:144 arg1 cuticles 106:113 The cuticles 102:113 The cuticles of insects and arthropods 102:139 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 11 65 from arthropods 2295:2304 arg1 structures 2271:2280 the homologous anatomical structures 2245:2280 the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods 2245:2304 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 7 66 dep wing 1489:1492 arg1 the 1485:1487 the 1485:1487 the 1485:1487 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 5 67 theme structure/function 1084:1101 arg1 correlation 1103:1113 a structure/function correlation 1082:1113 a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures 1082:1176 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 7 68 theme in-situ 1467:1473 arg1 chitin 1475:1480 in-situ chitin 1467:1480 in-situ chitin 1467:1480 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 4 69 theme order 808:812 arg1 structures 821:830 all higher order chitin structures 797:830 all higher order chitin structures 797:830 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 9 70 theme cellular 1852:1859 arg1 extensions 1861:1870 cellular extensions 1852:1870 cellular extensions 1852:1870 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 3 71 theme mechanical 631:640 arg1 properties 642:651 the optical, surface, and mechanical properties 605:651 properties 642:651 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 8 72 theme chitin 1656:1661 arg1 organization 1640:1651 The organization 1636:1651 The organization of chitin 1636:1661 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 6 73 theme morphologies 1254:1265 arg1 morphologies 1254:1265 morphologies 1254:1265 morphologies 1254:1265 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 6 73 theme morphologies 1254:1265 arg1 set 1247:1249 an extraordinarily diverse set 1220:1249 an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties 1220:1325 The chitin scaffolds in cuticles display an extraordinarily diverse set of morphologies that may reflect specific mechanical or physical properties. 26774746 2 74 dep thickness 506:514 arg1 the 502:504 the 502:504 the 502:504 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 7 75 theme micro 1439:1443 arg1 organization 1451:1462 micro scale organization 1439:1462 micro scale organization 1439:1462 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 3 76 theme cuticle 658:664 arg1 properties 642:651 the optical, surface, and mechanical properties 605:651 properties 642:651 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 3 76 theme cuticle 658:664 arg1 surface 618:624 the optical, surface, and mechanical properties 605:651 surface 618:624 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 1 77 theme material 171:178 arg1 properties 180:189 the most diverse material properties 154:189 the most diverse material properties observed in nature 154:208 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 7 78 theme other 1606:1610 arg1 insects 1612:1618 other insects 1606:1618 other insects 1606:1618 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 3 79 theme chitin 692:697 arg1 nanofibers 699:708 chitin nanofibers 692:708 chitin nanofibers 692:708 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 5 80 from organization 993:1004 arg1 cuticle 1013:1019 the cuticle 1009:1019 the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 1009:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 5 81 theme insects 1031:1037 arg1 cuticle 1013:1019 the cuticle 1009:1019 the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 1009:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 7 82 theme Magicicada 1576:1585 arg1 septendecim 1587:1597 the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim 1554:1597 the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim 1554:1597 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 4 83 theme arthropods 869:878 arg1 cuticles 839:846 the cuticles 835:846 the cuticles of insects and other arthropods 835:878 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 7 84 theme cuticle 1387:1393 arg1 proteinaceous 1349:1361 the proteinaceous 1345:1361 the proteinaceous 1345:1361 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 7 84 theme cuticle 1387:1393 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 mineral matrix 1367:1380 mineral matrix of a cuticle 1367:1393 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 9 85 theme chitin 1913:1918 arg1 layer 1904:1908 a nanostructured layer 1887:1908 a nanostructured layer of chitin 1887:1918 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 3 86 theme fiber 721:725 arg1 bundles 727:733 chitin fiber bundles 714:733 chitin fiber bundles 714:733 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 5 87 theme arthropod 1043:1051 arg1 exoskeletons 1053:1064 arthropod exoskeletons 1043:1064 arthropod exoskeletons 1043:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 7 88 theme periodical 1558:1567 arg1 septendecim 1587:1597 the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim 1554:1597 the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim 1554:1597 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 11 89 theme organization 2341:2352 arg1 patterns 2322:2329 similar patterns 2314:2329 similar patterns of chitin organization 2314:2352 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 11 90 theme chitin 2334:2339 arg1 organization 2341:2352 chitin organization 2334:2352 chitin organization 2334:2352 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 1 91 located observed 191:198 arg2 properties 180:189 the most diverse material properties 154:189 the most diverse material properties observed in nature 154:208 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 91 located observed 191:198 arg1 nature 203:208 nature 203:208 nature 203:208 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 8 92 theme nanoscale 1726:1734 arg1 structures 1744:1753 nanoscale surface structures 1726:1753 nanoscale surface structures 1726:1753 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 7 93 theme mineral 1367:1373 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 mineral matrix 1367:1380 mineral matrix of a cuticle 1367:1393 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 1 94 theme chitin 332:337 arg1 network 339:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 94 theme chitin 332:337 arg1 materials 311:319 the same two materials 298:319 the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins 298:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 5 95 from cuticle 1013:1019 arg1 characterization 966:981 the characterization 962:981 the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 962:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 8 96 theme structures 1744:1753 arg1 organization 1710:1721 the organization 1706:1721 the organization of nanoscale surface structures 1706:1753 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 7 97 theme thoracic 1534:1541 arg1 regions 1543:1549 ventral thoracic regions 1526:1549 ventral thoracic regions 1526:1549 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 11 98 theme chitin 2405:2410 arg1 organization 2412:2423 chitin organization 2405:2423 chitin organization 2405:2423 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 7 99 theme proteinaceous 1349:1361 arg1 removal 1334:1340 removal 1334:1340 removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle 1334:1393 After removal of the proteinaceous and mineral matrix of a cuticle, we observe using SEM diverse nanoscale and micro scale organization of in-situ chitin in the wing, head, eye, leg, and dorsal and ventral thoracic regions of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim and in other insects and arthropods. 26774746 9 100 theme wing 1942:1945 arg1 cuticle 1927:1933 the cuticle 1923:1933 the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 1923:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 5 101 with correlation 1103:1113 arg1 structures 1167:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 0 102 theme arthropod 82:90 arg1 cuticles 92:99 insect and arthropod cuticles 71:99 cuticles 92:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 1 103 theme same 302:305 arg1 network 339:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 a fibrous chitin network 322:345 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 103 theme same 302:305 arg1 materials 311:319 the same two materials 298:319 the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins 298:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 1 103 theme same 302:305 arg1 matrix 353:358 a matrix 351:358 a matrix composed of cuticle proteins 351:387 The cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. 26774746 8 104 contain have 1679:1682 arg2 role 1698:1701 a significant role 1684:1701 a significant role 1684:1701 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 8 104 contain have 1679:1682 arg1 organization 1640:1651 The organization 1636:1651 The organization of chitin 1636:1661 The organization of chitin also appears to have a significant role in the organization of nanoscale surface structures. 26774746 2 105 theme optical 439:445 arg1 thickness 506:514 thickness 506:514 thickness 506:514 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 2 105 theme optical 439:445 arg1 properties 447:456 the mechanical and optical properties 420:456 the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition 420:530 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 2 105 theme optical 439:445 arg1 composition 520:530 composition 520:530 composition 520:530 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 0 106 from characterization 4:19 arg1 organization 55:66 chitin organization 48:66 chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles 48:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 2 107 theme arthropod 474:482 arg1 cuticle 484:490 an insect or arthropod cuticle 461:490 cuticle 484:490 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 0 108 from organization 55:66 arg1 characterization 4:19 SEM characterization 0:19 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 0:100 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 0 108 from organization 55:66 arg1 cuticles 92:99 insect and arthropod cuticles 71:99 cuticles 92:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 9 109 theme day 1958:1960 arg1 tibicens 1984:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 109 theme day 1958:1960 arg1 scaffold 2011:2018 the scaffold 2007:2018 the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2007:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 110 located found 2044:2048 arg2 arrays 2037:2042 the nanocone arrays 2024:2042 the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2024:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 110 located found 2044:2048 arg1 wing 2057:2060 the wing 2053:2060 the wing 2053:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 2 111 theme insect 464:469 arg1 cuticle 484:490 an insect or arthropod cuticle 461:490 cuticle 484:490 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 9 112 theme cicada 1969:1974 arg1 tibicens 1984:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 112 theme cicada 1969:1974 arg1 scaffold 2011:2018 the scaffold 2007:2018 the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2007:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 4 113 from foundation 782:791 arg1 cuticles 839:846 the cuticles 835:846 the cuticles of insects and other arthropods 835:878 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 9 114 theme tibicens 1984:1991 arg1 wing 1942:1945 the wing 1938:1945 the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 1938:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 0 115 theme anatomical 24:33 arg1 variation 35:43 anatomical variation 24:43 anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles 24:99 SEM characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. 26774746 5 116 theme anatomical 1156:1165 arg1 structures 1167:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 11 117 theme diverse 2287:2293 arg1 arthropods 2295:2304 diverse arthropods 2287:2304 diverse arthropods 2287:2304 Interestingly many of the homologous anatomical structures from diverse arthropods exhibit similar patterns of chitin organization suggesting that a common set of parameters, govern chitin organization. 26774746 2 118 theme mechanical 424:433 arg1 thickness 506:514 thickness 506:514 thickness 506:514 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 2 118 theme mechanical 424:433 arg1 properties 447:456 the mechanical and optical properties 420:456 the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition 420:530 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 2 118 theme mechanical 424:433 arg1 composition 520:530 composition 520:530 composition 520:530 Various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. 26774746 9 119 theme Tibicen 1976:1982 arg1 tibicens 1984:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens 1950:1991 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 9 119 theme Tibicen 1976:1982 arg1 scaffold 2011:2018 the scaffold 2007:2018 the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing 2007:2060 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 4 120 theme structural 902:911 arg1 proteins 921:928 structural cuticle proteins 902:928 structural cuticle proteins 902:928 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 5 121 theme organization 1125:1136 arg1 correlation 1103:1113 a structure/function correlation 1082:1113 a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures 1082:1176 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 5 122 theme chitin 986:991 arg1 organization 993:1004 chitin organization 986:1004 chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons 986:1064 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 3 123 dep organization 676:687 arg1 i.e. 667:670 i.e. 667:670 i.e. 667:670 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 5 124 theme larger 1143:1148 arg1 structures 1167:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 larger scale anatomical structures 1143:1176 Using a technique that enables the characterization of chitin organization in the cuticle of intact insects and arthropod exoskeletons, we demonstrate a structure/function correlation of chitin organization with larger scale anatomical structures. 26774746 9 125 theme chitin 1819:1824 arg1 materials 1832:1840 chitin based materials 1819:1840 chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions 1819:1870 While microscale bristles and hairs have long been known to be chitin based materials formed as cellular extensions, we have found a nanostructured layer of chitin in the cuticle of the wing of the dog day annual cicada Tibicen tibicens, which may be the scaffold for the nanocone arrays found on the wing. 26774746 3 126 theme optical 609:615 arg1 surface 618:624 the optical, surface, and mechanical properties 605:651 surface 618:624 In this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute to the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of a cuticle, i.e. the organization of chitin nanofibers and chitin fiber bundles. 26774746 4 127 theme Self-assembled 736:749 arg1 foundation 782:791 the foundation 778:791 the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods 778:878 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 26774746 4 127 theme Self-assembled 736:749 arg1 nanofibers 758:767 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers 736:767 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers 736:767 Self-assembled chitin nanofibers serve as the foundation for all higher order chitin structures in the cuticles of insects and other arthropods via interactions with structural cuticle proteins. 28385229 0 0 theme glucose 82:88 arg1 mixtures 101:108 glucose and xylose mixtures 82:108 glucose and xylose mixtures 82:108 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 4 1 theme 0.52g/g 659:665 arg1 xylose 649:654 xylose 649:654 xylose of 0.52g/g 649:665 Interestingly, concomitant with xylose consumption, xylitol synthesis was noticed, reaching a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L, with a yield on xylose of 0.52g/g. 28385229 4 2 theme xylitol 557:563 arg1 synthesis 565:573 xylitol synthesis 557:573 xylitol synthesis 557:573 Interestingly, concomitant with xylose consumption, xylitol synthesis was noticed, reaching a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L, with a yield on xylose of 0.52g/g. 28385229 8 3 theme average 1109:1115 arg1 weight 1127:1132 average molecular weight 1109:1132 average molecular weight 1109:1132 It may also be a strategy to tailor CGC composition and average molecular weight. 28385229 0 4 theme xylose 94:99 arg1 mixtures 101:108 glucose and xylose mixtures 82:108 glucose and xylose mixtures 82:108 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 0 5 theme carbon 113:118 arg1 source 120:125 carbon source 113:125 carbon source 113:125 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 6 6 theme xylitol 842:848 arg1 presence 830:837 the presence 826:837 the presence of xylitol 826:848 Moreover, cultivation in the presence of xylitol resulted in CGC enriched in chitin with higher molecular weight. 28385229 3 7 theme K. 460:461 arg1 pastoris 463:470 K. pastoris 460:470 K. pastoris was unable to use it for growth 460:502 After glucose depletion, xylose was consumed but no cell growth was observed, indicating K. pastoris was unable to use it for growth. 28385229 4 8 from yield 640:644 arg1 xylose 649:654 xylose 649:654 xylose of 0.52g/g 649:665 Interestingly, concomitant with xylose consumption, xylitol synthesis was noticed, reaching a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L, with a yield on xylose of 0.52g/g. 28385229 5 9 theme xylose 708:713 arg1 content 715:721 the xylose content 704:721 the xylose content 704:721 Lower CGC production was reached as the xylose content was increased in the substrate mixtures, due to the lower biomass production. 28385229 7 10 theme glucose/xylose-rich 1021:1039 arg1 substrates 1041:1050 glucose/xylose-rich substrates 1021:1050 glucose/xylose-rich substrates 1021:1050 These results suggest the possibility of using K. pastoris for the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates. 28385229 6 11 from cultivation 811:821 arg1 presence 830:837 the presence 826:837 the presence of xylitol 826:848 Moreover, cultivation in the presence of xylitol resulted in CGC enriched in chitin with higher molecular weight. 28385229 8 12 theme CGC 1089:1091 arg1 composition 1093:1103 CGC composition 1089:1103 CGC composition 1089:1103 It may also be a strategy to tailor CGC composition and average molecular weight. 28385229 4 13 theme xylose 537:542 arg1 consumption 544:554 xylose consumption 537:554 xylose consumption 537:554 Interestingly, concomitant with xylose consumption, xylitol synthesis was noticed, reaching a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L, with a yield on xylose of 0.52g/g. 28385229 3 14 theme cell 423:426 arg1 growth 428:433 no cell growth 420:433 no cell growth 420:433 After glucose depletion, xylose was consumed but no cell growth was observed, indicating K. pastoris was unable to use it for growth. 28385229 0 15 theme complex 31:37 arg1 Co-production 0:12 Co-production 0:12 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 0:126 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 8 16 theme molecular 1117:1125 arg1 weight 1127:1132 average molecular weight 1109:1132 average molecular weight 1109:1132 It may also be a strategy to tailor CGC composition and average molecular weight. 28385229 5 17 theme Lower 668:672 arg1 production 678:687 Lower CGC production 668:687 Lower CGC production 668:687 Lower CGC production was reached as the xylose content was increased in the substrate mixtures, due to the lower biomass production. 28385229 1 18 theme chitin-glucan 210:222 arg1 complex 224:230 chitin-glucan complex 210:230 chitin-glucan complex (CGC) 210:236 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 28385229 1 18 theme chitin-glucan 210:222 arg1 polysaccharide 251:264 a cell-wall polysaccharide 239:264 a cell-wall polysaccharide 239:264 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 28385229 1 18 theme chitin-glucan 210:222 arg1 CGC 233:235 CGC 233:235 CGC 233:235 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 28385229 3 19 theme glucose 377:383 arg1 depletion 385:393 glucose depletion 377:393 glucose depletion 377:393 After glucose depletion, xylose was consumed but no cell growth was observed, indicating K. pastoris was unable to use it for growth. 28385229 5 20 theme CGC 674:676 arg1 production 678:687 Lower CGC production 668:687 Lower CGC production 668:687 Lower CGC production was reached as the xylose content was increased in the substrate mixtures, due to the lower biomass production. 28385229 1 21 theme glucose/xylose 168:181 arg1 mixtures 183:190 glucose/xylose mixtures 168:190 glucose/xylose mixtures 168:190 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 28385229 1 22 theme complex 224:230 arg1 production 196:205 production 196:205 production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide 196:264 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 28385229 0 23 theme xylitol 43:49 arg1 Co-production 0:12 Co-production 0:12 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 0:126 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 5 24 theme substrate 744:752 arg1 mixtures 754:761 the substrate mixtures 740:761 the substrate mixtures 740:761 Lower CGC production was reached as the xylose content was increased in the substrate mixtures, due to the lower biomass production. 28385229 6 25 theme molecular 897:905 arg1 weight 907:912 higher molecular weight 890:912 higher molecular weight 890:912 Moreover, cultivation in the presence of xylitol resulted in CGC enriched in chitin with higher molecular weight. 28385229 7 26 theme xylitol 1007:1013 arg1 co-production 982:994 the co-production 978:994 the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates 978:1050 These results suggest the possibility of using K. pastoris for the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates. 28385229 4 27 theme 7.64g/L 624:630 arg1 concentration 607:619 a maximum concentration 597:619 a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L 597:630 Interestingly, concomitant with xylose consumption, xylitol synthesis was noticed, reaching a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L, with a yield on xylose of 0.52g/g. 28385229 0 28 theme Komagataella 54:65 arg1 pastoris 67:74 Komagataella pastoris 54:74 Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source 54:125 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 6 29 theme higher 890:895 arg1 weight 907:912 higher molecular weight 890:912 higher molecular weight 890:912 Moreover, cultivation in the presence of xylitol resulted in CGC enriched in chitin with higher molecular weight. 28385229 7 30 theme CGC 999:1001 arg1 co-production 982:994 the co-production 978:994 the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates 978:1050 These results suggest the possibility of using K. pastoris for the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates. 28385229 2 31 theme biomass 340:346 arg1 0.46-0.54g/g 356:367 0.46-0.54g/g 356:367 0.46-0.54g/g 356:367 The culture preferred glucose as substrate for growth, resulting in high biomass yields (0.46-0.54g/g). 28385229 2 31 theme biomass 340:346 arg1 yields 348:353 high biomass yields 335:353 high biomass yields (0.46-0.54g/g) 335:368 The culture preferred glucose as substrate for growth, resulting in high biomass yields (0.46-0.54g/g). 28385229 7 32 theme K. 962:963 arg1 pastoris 965:972 K. pastoris 962:972 K. pastoris for the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates 962:1050 These results suggest the possibility of using K. pastoris for the co-production of CGC and xylitol using glucose/xylose-rich substrates. 28385229 2 33 theme high 335:338 arg1 0.46-0.54g/g 356:367 0.46-0.54g/g 356:367 0.46-0.54g/g 356:367 The culture preferred glucose as substrate for growth, resulting in high biomass yields (0.46-0.54g/g). 28385229 2 33 theme high 335:338 arg1 yields 348:353 high biomass yields 335:353 high biomass yields (0.46-0.54g/g) 335:368 The culture preferred glucose as substrate for growth, resulting in high biomass yields (0.46-0.54g/g). 28385229 5 34 theme lower 775:779 arg1 biomass 781:787 the lower biomass 771:787 the lower biomass production 771:798 Lower CGC production was reached as the xylose content was increased in the substrate mixtures, due to the lower biomass production. 28385229 5 35 theme biomass 781:787 arg1 production 789:798 the lower biomass production 771:798 the lower biomass production 771:798 Lower CGC production was reached as the xylose content was increased in the substrate mixtures, due to the lower biomass production. 28385229 4 36 theme maximum 599:605 arg1 concentration 607:619 a maximum concentration 597:619 a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L 597:630 Interestingly, concomitant with xylose consumption, xylitol synthesis was noticed, reaching a maximum concentration of 7.64g/L, with a yield on xylose of 0.52g/g. 28385229 0 37 theme chitin-glucan 17:29 arg1 complex 31:37 chitin-glucan complex 17:37 chitin-glucan complex 17:37 Co-production of chitin-glucan complex and xylitol by Komagataella pastoris using glucose and xylose mixtures as carbon source. 28385229 1 38 theme cell-wall 241:249 arg1 complex 224:230 chitin-glucan complex 210:230 chitin-glucan complex (CGC) 210:236 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 28385229 1 38 theme cell-wall 241:249 arg1 polysaccharide 251:264 a cell-wall polysaccharide 239:264 a cell-wall polysaccharide 239:264 Komagataella pastoris was cultivated in glucose/xylose mixtures for production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a cell-wall polysaccharide. 24382825 2 0 theme amorphous 710:718 arg1 phase 738:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 9 1 theme drug 2244:2247 arg1 profile 2257:2263 the drug elution profile 2240:2263 the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2240:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 1 2 from scale 371:375 arg1 charge 386:391 surface charge 378:391 surface charge 378:391 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 2 from scale 371:375 arg1 response 461:468 osteogenic response 450:468 osteogenic response 450:468 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 2 from scale 371:375 arg1 microstructure 342:355 their microstructure 336:355 their microstructure at the atomic scale 336:375 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 2 from scale 371:375 arg1 properties 407:416 drug release properties 394:416 drug release properties 394:416 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 2 from scale 371:375 arg1 antibacterial 432:444 combined antibacterial 423:444 combined antibacterial 423:444 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 3 theme sequential 289:298 arg1 precipitation 300:312 ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation 269:312 ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation 269:312 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 4 4 theme antibacterial 1161:1173 arg1 efficacy 1175:1182 the antibacterial efficacy 1157:1182 the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus 1157:1199 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. 24382825 3 5 theme HAp 838:840 arg1 nanoparticles 842:854 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles 804:854 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles 804:854 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 9 6 from delivery 2317:2324 arg1 treatment 2348:2356 the treatment 2344:2356 the treatment of osteomyelitis 2344:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 3 7 theme sustained-release 1003:1019 arg1 kinetics 1021:1028 sustained-release kinetics 1003:1028 sustained-release kinetics 1003:1028 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 9 8 theme HAp 2268:2270 arg1 nanoparticles 2272:2284 HAp nanoparticles 2268:2284 HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2268:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 6 9 theme dehydrogenase 1412:1424 arg1 activity 1426:1433 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity 1398:1433 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity 1398:1433 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 6 10 theme higher 1569:1574 arg1 mg/cm 1609:1613 4 and 8 mg/cm(2) 1601:1616 4 and 8 mg/cm(2) 1601:1616 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 6 10 theme higher 1569:1574 arg1 concentrations 1585:1598 higher particle concentrations 1569:1598 higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)) 1569:1617 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 2 11 theme phosphate 728:736 arg1 phase 738:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 7 12 theme potent 1860:1865 arg1 inhibitor 1882:1890 a potent mineralization inhibitor 1858:1890 a potent mineralization inhibitor 1858:1890 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 7 12 theme potent 1860:1865 arg1 osteopontin 1845:1855 osteopontin 1845:1855 osteopontin 1845:1855 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 3 13 theme polymeric 867:875 arg1 matrix 877:882 the polymeric matrix 863:882 the polymeric matrix 863:882 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 1 14 theme hydroxyapatite 215:228 arg1 chitosan 240:247 chitosan 240:247 chitosan 240:247 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 14 theme hydroxyapatite 215:228 arg1 hydroxyapatite 215:228 hydroxyapatite 215:228 hydroxyapatite (HAp) 215:234 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 14 theme hydroxyapatite 215:228 arg1 composites 201:210 Nanoparticulate composites 185:210 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan 185:247 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 2 15 theme dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated 589:624 arg1 mechanism 644:652 the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism 585:652 the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 585:788 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 3 16 theme burst 898:902 arg1 release 904:910 the burst release 894:910 the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, 894:988 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 6 17 dep 2 1514:1514 arg1 to 1511:1512 to 1511:1512 to 1511:1512 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 6 18 theme particle 1481:1488 arg1 concentrations 1490:1503 HAp/chitosan particle concentrations 1468:1503 HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) 1468:1523 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 1 19 theme osteogenic 450:459 arg1 response 461:468 osteogenic response 450:468 osteogenic response 450:468 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 7 20 theme Runx2 1712:1716 arg1 expression 1629:1638 The gene expression 1620:1638 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 1620:1716 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 3 21 theme small 919:923 arg1 drug 940:943 the small molecule model drug 915:943 the small molecule model drug 915:943 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 3 21 theme small 919:923 arg1 fluorescein 946:956 fluorescein 946:956 fluorescein 946:956 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 0 22 theme osteomyelitis 170:182 arg1 treatment 157:165 the treatment 153:165 the treatment of osteomyelitis 153:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 7 23 theme transcription 1691:1703 arg1 Runx2 1712:1716 the transcription factor Runx2 1687:1716 the transcription factor Runx2 1687:1716 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 2 24 theme surface 553:559 arg1 layers 561:566 the surface layers 549:566 the surface layers of chitosan 549:578 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 0 25 theme potential 75:83 arg1 platforms 99:107 potential drug delivery platforms 75:107 potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 75:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 0 25 theme potential 75:83 arg1 composites 61:70 composites 61:70 composites 61:70 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 7 26 theme particles 1808:1816 arg1 presence 1762:1769 the presence 1758:1769 the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1758:1816 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 5 27 theme HAp 1318:1320 arg1 nanoparticles 1322:1334 HAp nanoparticles 1318:1334 HAp nanoparticles 1318:1334 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 8 28 theme markers 2050:2056 arg1 expression 2025:2034 the expression 2021:2034 the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation 2021:2101 The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. 24382825 9 29 theme osteomyelitis 2361:2373 arg1 treatment 2348:2356 the treatment 2344:2356 the treatment of osteomyelitis 2344:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 0 30 theme delivery 90:97 arg1 platforms 99:107 potential drug delivery platforms 75:107 potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 75:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 0 30 theme delivery 90:97 arg1 composites 61:70 composites 61:70 composites 61:70 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 5 31 theme osteoblastic 1248:1259 arg1 cells 1270:1274 osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells 1248:1274 osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells 1248:1274 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 7 32 theme HAp/chitosan 1785:1796 arg1 particles 1808:1816 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1774:1816 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1774:1816 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 7 33 theme inductor 1673:1680 arg1 expression 1629:1638 The gene expression 1620:1638 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 1620:1716 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 3 34 theme model 934:938 arg1 drug 940:943 the small molecule model drug 915:943 the small molecule model drug 915:943 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 3 34 theme model 934:938 arg1 fluorescein 946:956 fluorescein 946:956 fluorescein 946:956 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 5 35 theme Excellent 1202:1210 arg1 spreading 1217:1225 Excellent cell spreading 1202:1225 Excellent cell spreading 1202:1225 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 0 36 theme sustained 117:125 arg1 release 127:133 the sustained release 113:133 the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 113:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 7 37 theme mg/cm 1776:1780 arg1 particles 1808:1816 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1774:1816 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1774:1816 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 8 38 theme osteoblastic 2074:2085 arg1 differentiation 2087:2101 the osteoblastic differentiation 2070:2101 the osteoblastic differentiation 2070:2101 The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. 24382825 9 39 theme lower 2402:2406 arg1 efficiency 2423:2432 the lower bacteriostatic efficiency 2398:2432 the lower bacteriostatic efficiency 2398:2432 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 0 40 theme In 0:1 arg1 analysis 9:16 In vitro analysis 0:16 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate 0:35 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 4 41 dep S 1192:1192 arg1 aureus 1194:1199 S aureus 1192:1199 S aureus 1192:1199 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. 24382825 2 42 theme HAp 488:490 arg1 nanoparticles 492:504 HAp nanoparticles 488:504 HAp nanoparticles 488:504 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 3 43 dep sized 812:816 arg1 dispersed 828:836 dispersed 828:836 dispersed 828:836 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 4 44 theme particulate 1102:1112 arg1 formulation 1127:1137 the particulate drug carrier formulation 1098:1137 the particulate drug carrier formulation 1098:1137 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. 24382825 0 45 theme nanoparticulate 21:35 arg1 analysis 9:16 In vitro analysis 0:16 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate 0:35 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 5 46 theme cells 1270:1274 arg1 spreading 1217:1225 Excellent cell spreading 1202:1225 Excellent cell spreading 1202:1225 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 5 46 theme cells 1270:1274 arg1 proliferation 1231:1243 proliferation 1231:1243 proliferation 1231:1243 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 7 47 theme gene 1624:1627 arg1 expression 1629:1638 The gene expression 1620:1638 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 1620:1716 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 7 48 theme unfavorable 1946:1956 arg1 response 1976:1983 the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response 1932:1983 the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles 1932:2006 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 4 49 theme carrier 1119:1125 arg1 formulation 1127:1137 the particulate drug carrier formulation 1098:1137 the particulate drug carrier formulation 1098:1137 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. 24382825 9 50 theme positive 2201:2208 arg1 effect 2210:2215 the positive effect 2197:2215 the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2197:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 9 51 theme unviable 2456:2463 arg1 response 2470:2477 the comparatively unviable cell response 2438:2477 the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material 2438:2503 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 1 52 theme atomic 364:369 arg1 scale 371:375 the atomic scale 360:375 the atomic scale 360:375 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 3 53 theme release 1056:1062 arg1 time 1064:1067 release time 1056:1067 release time 1056:1067 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 2 54 from phase 738:742 arg1 transition 674:683 the transition 670:683 the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 670:788 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 1 55 theme chitosan 240:247 arg1 chitosan 240:247 chitosan 240:247 chitosan 240:247 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 55 theme chitosan 240:247 arg1 hydroxyapatite 215:228 hydroxyapatite 215:228 hydroxyapatite (HAp) 215:234 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 55 theme chitosan 240:247 arg1 composites 201:210 Nanoparticulate composites 185:210 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan 185:247 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 9 56 theme coating 2229:2235 arg1 effect 2210:2215 the positive effect 2197:2215 the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2197:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 5 57 theme HAp/chitosan 1373:1384 arg1 composites 1386:1395 HAp/chitosan composites 1373:1395 HAp/chitosan composites 1373:1395 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 0 58 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 8 59 from peak 2013:2016 arg1 expression 2025:2034 the expression 2021:2034 the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation 2021:2101 The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. 24382825 1 60 theme ultrasound-assisted 269:287 arg1 precipitation 300:312 ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation 269:312 ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation 269:312 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 2 61 theme as-precipitated 694:708 arg1 phase 738:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 9 62 theme elution 2249:2255 arg1 profile 2257:2263 the drug elution profile 2240:2263 the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2240:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 6 63 theme normal 1445:1450 arg1 values 1452:1457 normal values 1445:1457 normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) 1445:1523 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 7 64 theme mineralization 1867:1880 arg1 inhibitor 1882:1890 a potent mineralization inhibitor 1858:1890 a potent mineralization inhibitor 1858:1890 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 7 64 theme mineralization 1867:1880 arg1 osteopontin 1845:1855 osteopontin 1845:1855 osteopontin 1845:1855 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 3 65 theme nanoparticles 842:854 arg1 Embedment 791:799 Embedment 791:799 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix 791:882 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 9 66 theme higher 2520:2525 arg1 dosages 2527:2533 higher dosages 2520:2533 higher dosages 2520:2533 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 1 67 theme Nanoparticulate 185:199 arg1 chitosan 240:247 chitosan 240:247 chitosan 240:247 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 67 theme Nanoparticulate 185:199 arg1 hydroxyapatite 215:228 hydroxyapatite 215:228 hydroxyapatite (HAp) 215:234 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 67 theme Nanoparticulate 185:199 arg1 composites 201:210 Nanoparticulate composites 185:210 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan 185:247 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 9 68 theme nanoparticles 2272:2284 arg1 profile 2257:2263 the drug elution profile 2240:2263 the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2240:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 6 69 theme Mitochondrial 1398:1410 arg1 activity 1426:1433 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity 1398:1433 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity 1398:1433 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 2 70 theme calcium 720:726 arg1 phase 738:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase 690:742 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 7 71 theme osteopontin 1845:1855 arg1 expression 1831:1840 the expression 1827:1840 the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, 1827:1891 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 0 72 theme antibiotics 138:148 arg1 release 127:133 the sustained release 113:133 the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 113:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 2 73 theme recrystallization 626:642 arg1 mechanism 644:652 the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism 585:652 the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 585:788 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 1 74 theme combined 423:430 arg1 antibacterial 432:444 combined antibacterial 423:444 combined antibacterial 423:444 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 8 75 theme osteogenic 2039:2048 arg1 markers 2050:2056 osteogenic markers 2039:2056 osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation 2039:2101 The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. 24382825 7 76 theme factor 1705:1710 arg1 Runx2 1712:1716 the transcription factor Runx2 1687:1716 the transcription factor Runx2 1687:1716 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 0 77 from release 127:133 arg1 treatment 157:165 the treatment 153:165 the treatment of osteomyelitis 153:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 9 78 theme antibiotics 2329:2339 arg1 delivery 2317:2324 the controlled delivery 2302:2324 the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2302:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 6 79 theme HAp/chitosan 1468:1479 arg1 concentrations 1490:1503 HAp/chitosan particle concentrations 1468:1503 HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) 1468:1523 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 3 80 theme molecule 925:932 arg1 drug 940:943 the small molecule model drug 915:943 the small molecule model drug 915:943 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 3 80 theme molecule 925:932 arg1 fluorescein 946:956 fluorescein 946:956 fluorescein 946:956 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 0 81 theme drug 85:88 arg1 platforms 99:107 potential drug delivery platforms 75:107 potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 75:182 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 0 81 theme drug 85:88 arg1 composites 61:70 composites 61:70 composites 61:70 In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 24382825 9 82 from effect 2210:2215 arg1 profile 2257:2263 the drug elution profile 2240:2263 the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2240:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 1 83 theme surface 378:384 arg1 charge 386:391 surface charge 378:391 surface charge 378:391 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 1 84 theme drug 394:397 arg1 properties 407:416 drug release properties 394:416 drug release properties 394:416 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 7 85 theme mineralization 1658:1671 arg1 inductor 1673:1680 a mineralization inductor 1656:1680 a mineralization inductor 1656:1680 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 4 86 theme chitosan 1086:1093 arg1 addition 1074:1081 The addition 1070:1081 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation 1070:1137 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. 24382825 2 87 theme stable 774:779 arg1 one--HAp 781:788 the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 747:788 the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 747:788 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 5 88 theme MC3T3-E1 1261:1268 arg1 cells 1270:1274 osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells 1248:1274 osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells 1248:1274 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 2 89 with interference 533:544 arg1 mechanism 644:652 the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism 585:652 the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 585:788 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 7 90 theme composite 1798:1806 arg1 particles 1808:1816 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1774:1816 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles 1774:1816 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 2 91 theme chitosan 571:578 arg1 layers 561:566 the surface layers 549:566 the surface layers of chitosan 549:578 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 3 92 theme drug 940:943 arg1 release 904:910 the burst release 894:910 the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, 894:988 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 1 93 theme release 399:405 arg1 properties 407:416 drug release properties 394:416 drug release properties 394:416 Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. 24382825 2 94 theme layers 561:566 arg1 interference 533:544 the interference 529:544 the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp 529:788 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 6 95 theme particle 1576:1583 arg1 mg/cm 1609:1613 4 and 8 mg/cm(2) 1601:1616 4 and 8 mg/cm(2) 1601:1616 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 6 95 theme particle 1576:1583 arg1 concentrations 1585:1598 higher particle concentrations 1569:1598 higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)) 1569:1617 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 7 96 dep downregulated 1722:1734 arg1 whereas 1819:1825 whereas 1819:1825 whereas 1819:1825 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 5 97 theme cell 1212:1215 arg1 spreading 1217:1225 Excellent cell spreading 1202:1225 Excellent cell spreading 1202:1225 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 2 98 theme nanoparticles 492:504 arg1 Crystallinity 471:483 Crystallinity 471:483 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles 471:504 Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. 24382825 7 99 dep particles 1808:1816 arg1 2 1782:1782 2 1782:1782 2 1782:1782 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 9 100 theme bacteriostatic 2408:2421 arg1 efficiency 2423:2432 the lower bacteriostatic efficiency 2398:2432 the lower bacteriostatic efficiency 2398:2432 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 8 101 theme HAp/chitosan 2164:2175 arg1 particles 2177:2185 HAp/chitosan particles 2164:2185 HAp/chitosan particles 2164:2185 The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. 24382825 5 102 theme nanoparticles 1322:1334 arg1 conglomerates 1301:1313 microscopic conglomerates 1289:1313 microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles 1289:1334 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 7 103 theme given 1992:1996 arg1 particles 1998:2006 the given particles 1988:2006 the given particles 1988:2006 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 7 104 theme osteocalcin 1643:1653 arg1 expression 1629:1638 The gene expression 1620:1638 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 1620:1716 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 6 105 theme mg/cm 1516:1520 arg1 concentrations 1490:1503 HAp/chitosan particle concentrations 1468:1503 HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) 1468:1523 Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). 24382825 9 106 theme controlled 2306:2315 arg1 delivery 2317:2324 the controlled delivery 2302:2324 the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis 2302:2373 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 7 107 theme osteoblastic 1958:1969 arg1 response 1976:1983 the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response 1932:1983 the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles 1932:2006 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 4 108 theme drug 1114:1117 arg1 formulation 1127:1137 the particulate drug carrier formulation 1098:1137 the particulate drug carrier formulation 1098:1137 The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. 24382825 9 109 theme cell 2465:2468 arg1 response 2470:2477 the comparatively unviable cell response 2438:2477 the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material 2438:2503 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 5 110 theme microscopic 1289:1299 arg1 conglomerates 1301:1313 microscopic conglomerates 1289:1313 microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles 1289:1334 Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. 24382825 7 111 theme cell 1971:1974 arg1 response 1976:1983 the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response 1932:1983 the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles 1932:2006 The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. 24382825 3 112 theme time 1064:1067 arg1 weeks 1047:1051 the 3 weeks 1041:1051 the 3 weeks of release time 1041:1067 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 9 113 theme chitosan 2220:2227 arg1 coating 2229:2235 chitosan coating 2220:2235 chitosan coating 2220:2235 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 9 114 theme composite 2486:2494 arg1 material 2496:2503 the composite material 2482:2503 the composite material 2482:2503 Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages. 24382825 3 115 theme sized 812:816 arg1 nanoparticles 842:854 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles 804:854 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles 804:854 Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. 24382825 8 116 theme cell 2133:2136 arg1 population 2138:2147 the cell population 2129:2147 the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles 2129:2185 The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. 28527186 0 0 theme guided 103:108 arg1 regeneration 115:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 5 1 theme angle 743:747 arg1 testing 749:755 The contact angle testing 731:755 The contact angle testing 731:755 The contact angle testing showed that the under surface was more hydrophilic than the upper surface. 28527186 7 2 theme better 1104:1109 arg1 ability 1129:1135 a better bone regeneration ability 1102:1135 a better bone regeneration ability 1102:1135 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 6 3 theme composite 889:897 arg1 membrane 899:906 the asymmetric composite membrane 874:906 the asymmetric composite membrane 874:906 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 7 4 theme bone 1111:1114 arg1 ability 1129:1135 a better bone regeneration ability 1102:1135 a better bone regeneration ability 1102:1135 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 6 5 theme calcified 978:986 arg1 loose 967:971 loose 967:971 loose bone calcified 967:986 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 6 6 theme asymmetric 878:887 arg1 membrane 899:906 the asymmetric composite membrane 874:906 the asymmetric composite membrane 874:906 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 0 7 theme bone 110:113 arg1 regeneration 115:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 2 8 theme nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan 288:315 arg1 membrane 341:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 5 9 theme upper 817:821 arg1 surface 823:829 the upper surface 813:829 the upper surface 813:829 The contact angle testing showed that the under surface was more hydrophilic than the upper surface. 28527186 0 10 from structure 69:77 arg1 regeneration 115:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 7 11 theme composite 1074:1082 arg1 membrane 1084:1091 the asymmetric composite membrane 1059:1091 the asymmetric composite membrane 1059:1091 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 7 11 theme composite 1074:1082 arg1 suitable 1144:1151 suitable 1144:1151 suitable 1144:1151 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 2 12 theme asymmetric 277:286 arg1 membrane 341:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 1 13 theme technique 179:187 arg1 development 133:143 The development 129:143 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique 129:187 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 7 14 theme GBR 1157:1159 arg1 membrane 1161:1168 GBR membrane 1157:1168 GBR membrane 1157:1168 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 2 15 theme GBR 337:339 arg1 membrane 341:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 7 16 theme asymmetric 1063:1072 arg1 membrane 1084:1091 the asymmetric composite membrane 1059:1091 the asymmetric composite membrane 1059:1091 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 7 16 theme asymmetric 1063:1072 arg1 suitable 1144:1151 suitable 1144:1151 suitable 1144:1151 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 2 17 theme composite 327:335 arg1 membrane 341:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 1 18 theme promising 198:206 arg1 alternative 208:218 a promising alternative 196:218 a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing 196:256 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 0 19 theme membrane 44:51 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 0:127 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 2 20 from solution-blending 377:393 arg1 vacuum 422:427 vacuum 422:427 vacuum 422:427 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 0 21 theme nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan 15:42 arg1 membrane 44:51 nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane 15:51 nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane 15:51 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 4 22 theme upper 586:590 arg1 CS 604:605 CS 604:605 CS 604:605 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 22 theme upper 586:590 arg1 surface 592:598 the upper surface 582:598 the upper surface 582:598 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 2 23 theme n-HA/CS 318:324 arg1 membrane 341:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane 274:348 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 4 24 from complex 635:641 arg1 structure 562:570 an asymmetric structure 548:570 an asymmetric structure 548:570 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 0 25 theme asymmetric 58:67 arg1 structure 69:77 asymmetric structure 58:77 asymmetric structure 58:77 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 4 26 theme n-HA 646:649 arg1 CS 604:605 CS 604:605 CS 604:605 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 26 theme n-HA 646:649 arg1 surface 592:598 the upper surface 582:598 the upper surface 582:598 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 26 theme n-HA 646:649 arg1 complex 635:641 a complex 633:641 a complex of n-HA and CS 633:656 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 26 theme n-HA 646:649 arg1 the 611:613 the 611:613 the 611:613 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 6 27 contain had 908:910 arg1 membrane 899:906 the asymmetric composite membrane 874:906 the asymmetric composite membrane 874:906 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 6 27 contain had 908:910 arg2 ability 916:922 the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration 912:1029 the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration 912:1029 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 1 28 theme bone 224:227 arg1 defects 229:235 bone defects 224:235 bone defects 224:235 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 4 29 theme CS 655:656 arg1 CS 604:605 CS 604:605 CS 604:605 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 29 theme CS 655:656 arg1 surface 592:598 the upper surface 582:598 the upper surface 582:598 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 29 theme CS 655:656 arg1 complex 635:641 a complex 633:641 a complex of n-HA and CS 633:656 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 29 theme CS 655:656 arg1 the 611:613 the 611:613 the 611:613 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 30 theme asymmetric 551:560 arg1 structure 562:570 an asymmetric structure 548:570 an asymmetric structure 548:570 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 7 31 theme CS 1046:1047 arg1 membrane 1049:1056 CS membrane 1046:1056 CS membrane 1046:1056 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 0 32 from applications 87:98 arg1 regeneration 115:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 guided bone regeneration 103:126 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 3 33 theme contact 482:488 arg1 angle 490:494 contact angle 482:494 contact angle 482:494 The membranes were characterized using SEM, XPS and contact angle. 28527186 7 34 theme regeneration 1116:1127 arg1 ability 1129:1135 a better bone regeneration ability 1102:1135 a better bone regeneration ability 1102:1135 Compared with CS membrane, the asymmetric composite membrane displays a better bone regeneration ability and is suitable for GBR membrane. 28527186 6 35 dep in 836:837 arg1 vivo 839:842 vivo 839:842 vivo 839:842 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 0 36 with Fabrication 0:10 arg1 structure 69:77 asymmetric structure 58:77 asymmetric structure 58:77 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 0 36 with Fabrication 0:10 arg1 applications 87:98 its applications 83:98 its applications in guided bone regeneration 83:126 Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membrane with asymmetric structure and its applications in guided bone regeneration. 28527186 1 37 theme guided 148:153 arg1 GBR 174:176 GBR 174:176 GBR 174:176 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 1 37 theme guided 148:153 arg1 regeneration 160:171 guided bone regeneration 148:171 guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique 148:187 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 2 38 from vacuum 422:427 arg1 solution-blending 377:393 solution-blending 377:393 solution-blending 377:393 In this study, an asymmetric nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) composite GBR membrane was fabricated by means of solution-blending and solvent-evaporating in vacuum. 28527186 1 39 theme bone 155:158 arg1 GBR 174:176 GBR 174:176 GBR 174:176 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 1 39 theme bone 155:158 arg1 regeneration 160:171 guided bone regeneration 148:171 guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique 148:187 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 1 40 theme fracture 241:248 arg1 healing 250:256 fracture healing 241:256 fracture healing 241:256 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 6 41 theme in 836:837 arg1 experiments 844:854 The in vivo experiments 832:854 The in vivo experiments 832:854 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 6 42 theme bone 1013:1016 arg1 regeneration 1018:1029 the bone regeneration 1009:1029 the bone regeneration 1009:1029 The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the asymmetric composite membrane had the ability to make osteoblasts mineralize and promote loose bone calcified, and then accelerate the bone regeneration. 28527186 1 43 theme regeneration 160:171 arg1 technique 179:187 guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique 148:187 guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique 148:187 The development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique brings a promising alternative for bone defects and fracture healing. 28527186 5 44 theme contact 735:741 arg1 testing 749:755 The contact angle testing 731:755 The contact angle testing 731:755 The contact angle testing showed that the under surface was more hydrophilic than the upper surface. 28527186 4 45 theme composite 519:527 arg1 membrane 529:536 the composite membrane 515:536 the composite membrane 515:536 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 28527186 4 46 from CS 604:605 arg1 structure 562:570 an asymmetric structure 548:570 an asymmetric structure 548:570 It was found that the composite membrane displayed an asymmetric structure, in which the upper surface was CS and the under surface was a complex of n-HA and CS, and some interactions between n-HA and CS were also confirmed to exist. 25280712 0 0 theme cement/bone 90:100 arg1 protein-2 116:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 57:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 6 1 theme HPMC-modified 1257:1269 arg1 scaffold 1275:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold 1253:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold 1253:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 6 1 theme HPMC-modified 1257:1269 arg1 combination 1309:1319 the best combination 1300:1319 the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius 1300:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 6 2 theme best 1304:1307 arg1 scaffold 1275:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold 1253:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold 1253:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 6 2 theme best 1304:1307 arg1 combination 1309:1319 the best combination 1300:1319 the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius 1300:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 1 3 theme clinical 178:185 arg1 problem 187:193 a difficult clinical problem 166:193 a difficult clinical problem 166:193 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 5 4 theme micro-computed 1085:1098 arg1 imaging 1118:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 5 theme bone 273:276 arg1 BMP-2 303:307 BMP-2 303:307 BMP-2 303:307 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 1 5 theme bone 273:276 arg1 protein-2 292:300 bone morphogenetic protein-2 273:300 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 273:308 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 0 6 theme phosphate 80:88 arg1 protein-2 116:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 57:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 1 7 theme bone 364:367 arg1 regeneration 369:380 bone regeneration 364:380 bone regeneration 364:380 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 6 8 theme CPC 1271:1273 arg1 scaffold 1275:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold 1253:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold 1253:1282 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 6 8 theme CPC 1271:1273 arg1 combination 1309:1319 the best combination 1300:1319 the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius 1300:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 5 9 theme dimensional 1073:1083 arg1 imaging 1118:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 10 theme morphogenetic 278:290 arg1 BMP-2 303:307 BMP-2 303:307 BMP-2 303:307 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 1 10 theme morphogenetic 278:290 arg1 protein-2 292:300 bone morphogenetic protein-2 273:300 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 273:308 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 0 11 theme protein-2 116:124 arg1 scaffolds 126:134 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 5 12 theme synchrotron 1127:1137 arg1 imaging 1190:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 4 13 theme surface-modified 853:868 arg1 scaffolds 880:888 the surface-modified composite scaffolds 849:888 the surface-modified composite scaffolds 849:888 After being implanted in the mouse thigh muscles, the surface-modified composite scaffolds evidently induced ectopic bone formation. 25280712 3 14 theme calcium 550:556 arg1 phosphate 558:566 calcium phosphate 550:566 calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds 550:589 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 5 15 theme tomographic 1170:1180 arg1 imaging 1190:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 0 16 theme morphogenetic 102:114 arg1 protein-2 116:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 57:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 3 17 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 678:696 arg1 HPMC 709:712 HPMC 709:712 HPMC 709:712 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 17 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 678:696 arg1 cellulose 698:706 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 678:706 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) 678:713 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 18 theme phosphate 558:566 arg1 CPC 576:578 CPC 576:578 CPC 576:578 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 18 theme phosphate 558:566 arg1 cement 568:573 calcium phosphate cement 550:573 calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds 550:589 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 5 19 from effects 978:984 arg1 defect 1044:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 3 20 theme polyvinyl 720:728 arg1 PVA 739:741 PVA 739:741 PVA 739:741 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 20 theme polyvinyl 720:728 arg1 alcohol 730:736 polyvinyl alcohol 720:736 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively 720:755 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 6 21 theme segmental 1325:1333 arg1 regeneration 1340:1351 segmental bone regeneration 1325:1351 segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius 1325:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 2 22 theme water-soluble 490:502 arg1 polymers 504:511 water-soluble polymers 490:511 water-soluble polymers 490:511 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 2 22 theme water-soluble 490:502 arg1 film 529:532 a protective film 516:532 a protective film 516:532 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 2 23 theme new 462:464 arg1 formation 471:479 new bone formation 462:479 new bone formation 462:479 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 5 24 theme biomechanical 1226:1238 arg1 measurement 1240:1250 biomechanical measurement 1226:1250 biomechanical measurement 1226:1250 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 25 theme orthopedic 198:207 arg1 surgery 209:215 orthopedic surgery 198:215 orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options 198:266 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 2 26 theme bone 466:469 arg1 formation 471:479 new bone formation 462:479 new bone formation 462:479 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 5 27 theme μCT 1113:1115 arg1 imaging 1118:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 4 28 theme thigh 834:838 arg1 muscles 840:846 the mouse thigh muscles 824:846 the mouse thigh muscles 824:846 After being implanted in the mouse thigh muscles, the surface-modified composite scaffolds evidently induced ectopic bone formation. 25280712 2 29 theme protective 518:527 arg1 polymers 504:511 water-soluble polymers 490:511 water-soluble polymers 490:511 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 2 29 theme protective 518:527 arg1 film 529:532 a protective film 516:532 a protective film 516:532 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 5 30 theme tomographic 1100:1110 arg1 imaging 1118:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging 1067:1124 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 0 31 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 healing 9:15 Enhanced healing 0:15 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius 0:42 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 5 32 theme SRμCT 1183:1187 arg1 imaging 1190:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 4 33 theme mouse 828:832 arg1 muscles 840:846 the mouse thigh muscles 824:846 the mouse thigh muscles 824:846 After being implanted in the mouse thigh muscles, the surface-modified composite scaffolds evidently induced ectopic bone formation. 25280712 6 34 theme rabbit 1356:1361 arg1 radius 1363:1368 rabbit radius 1356:1368 rabbit radius 1356:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 0 35 theme rabbit 20:25 arg1 radius 37:42 rabbit segmental radius 20:42 rabbit segmental radius 20:42 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 6 36 from regeneration 1340:1351 arg1 radius 1363:1368 rabbit radius 1356:1368 rabbit radius 1356:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 4 37 theme bone 916:919 arg1 formation 921:929 ectopic bone formation 908:929 ectopic bone formation 908:929 After being implanted in the mouse thigh muscles, the surface-modified composite scaffolds evidently induced ectopic bone formation. 25280712 3 38 theme cement 568:573 arg1 matrix 612:617 the matrix 608:617 the matrix 608:617 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 38 theme cement 568:573 arg1 scaffolds 581:589 calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds 550:589 calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds 550:589 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 4 39 theme ectopic 908:914 arg1 formation 921:929 ectopic bone formation 908:929 ectopic bone formation 908:929 After being implanted in the mouse thigh muscles, the surface-modified composite scaffolds evidently induced ectopic bone formation. 25280712 3 40 theme carboxymethyl 644:656 arg1 CMC-Na 669:674 CMC-Na 669:674 CMC-Na 669:674 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 40 theme carboxymethyl 644:656 arg1 cellulose 658:666 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 637:666 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) 637:675 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 0 41 theme radius 37:42 arg1 healing 9:15 Enhanced healing 0:15 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius 0:42 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 5 42 dep in 970:971 arg1 vivo 973:976 vivo 973:976 vivo 973:976 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 2 43 theme duration 429:436 arg1 time 438:441 prolonged duration time 419:441 prolonged duration time 419:441 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 5 44 theme scaffolds 1006:1014 arg1 effects 978:984 the in vivo effects 966:984 the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect 966:1049 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 45 theme limited 230:236 arg1 options 260:266 the limited effective therapeutic options 226:266 the limited effective therapeutic options 226:266 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 0 46 theme segmental 27:35 arg1 radius 37:42 rabbit segmental radius 20:42 rabbit segmental radius 20:42 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 5 47 theme radiation-based 1139:1153 arg1 imaging 1190:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 48 theme effective 238:246 arg1 options 260:266 the limited effective therapeutic options 226:266 the limited effective therapeutic options 226:266 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 1 49 from properties 350:359 arg1 regeneration 369:380 bone regeneration 364:380 bone regeneration 364:380 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 5 50 theme micro-computed 1155:1168 arg1 imaging 1190:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging 1127:1196 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 6 51 theme bone 1335:1338 arg1 regeneration 1340:1351 segmental bone regeneration 1325:1351 segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius 1325:1368 The HPMC-modified CPC scaffold was regarded as the best combination for segmental bone regeneration in rabbit radius. 25280712 3 52 theme sodium 637:642 arg1 CMC-Na 669:674 CMC-Na 669:674 CMC-Na 669:674 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 3 52 theme sodium 637:642 arg1 cellulose 658:666 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 637:666 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) 637:675 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 1 53 theme Large 137:141 arg1 defects 151:157 Large osseous defects 137:157 Large osseous defects 137:157 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 1 54 theme potent 328:333 arg1 properties 350:359 its potent osteoinductive properties 324:359 its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration 324:380 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 4 55 theme composite 870:878 arg1 scaffolds 880:888 the surface-modified composite scaffolds 849:888 the surface-modified composite scaffolds 849:888 After being implanted in the mouse thigh muscles, the surface-modified composite scaffolds evidently induced ectopic bone formation. 25280712 5 56 theme radius 1028:1033 arg1 defect 1044:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 5 57 theme rabbit 1021:1026 arg1 defect 1044:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 58 theme osseous 143:149 arg1 defects 151:157 Large osseous defects 137:157 Large osseous defects 137:157 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 1 59 theme osteoinductive 335:348 arg1 properties 350:359 its potent osteoinductive properties 324:359 its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration 324:380 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 5 60 theme critical 1035:1042 arg1 defect 1044:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 a rabbit radius critical defect 1019:1049 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 61 theme therapeutic 248:258 arg1 options 260:266 the limited effective therapeutic options 226:266 the limited effective therapeutic options 226:266 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25280712 5 62 theme in 970:971 arg1 effects 978:984 the in vivo effects 966:984 the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect 966:1049 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 5 63 theme histological 1199:1210 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 histological analysis 1199:1219 histological analysis 1199:1219 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 3 64 theme rhBMP-2 790:796 arg1 digestion 777:785 the digestion 773:785 the digestion of rhBMP-2 773:796 In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were prepared as the matrix and combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively to protect from the digestion of rhBMP-2. 25280712 0 65 theme calcium 72:78 arg1 protein-2 116:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 57:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 2 66 theme prolonged 419:427 arg1 time 438:441 prolonged duration time 419:441 prolonged duration time 419:441 Here we build a strategy to achieve prolonged duration time and help inducting new bone formation by using water-soluble polymers as a protective film. 25280712 0 67 theme surface-coated 57:70 arg1 protein-2 116:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 57:124 surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds 57:134 Enhanced healing of rabbit segmental radius defects with surface-coated calcium phosphate cement/bone morphogenetic protein-2 scaffolds. 25280712 5 68 theme surface-modified 989:1004 arg1 scaffolds 1006:1014 surface-modified scaffolds 989:1014 surface-modified scaffolds 989:1014 In addition, we further evaluated the in vivo effects of surface-modified scaffolds in a rabbit radius critical defect by radiography, three dimensional micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomographic (SRμCT) imaging, histological analysis, and biomechanical measurement. 25280712 1 69 theme difficult 168:176 arg1 problem 187:193 a difficult clinical problem 166:193 a difficult clinical problem 166:193 Large osseous defects remain a difficult clinical problem in orthopedic surgery owing to the limited effective therapeutic options, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is useful for its potent osteoinductive properties in bone regeneration. 25861741 6 0 theme kinetic 1035:1041 arg1 model 1043:1047 Higuchi kinetic model 1027:1047 Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms 1027:1102 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 9 1 theme alginate-gel 1374:1385 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 1 theme alginate-gel 1374:1385 arg1 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 2 theme oil-entrapped 1394:1406 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 2 theme oil-entrapped 1394:1406 arg1 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 1 3 theme calcium-alginate-tamarind 147:171 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 4 4 theme Q8h 777:779 arg1 DEE 754:756 DEE 754:756 DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% 754:794 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 3 5 theme drug 567:570 arg1 efficiency 583:592 drug entrapment efficiency 567:592 drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) 567:601 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 9 6 theme composite 1423:1431 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 6 theme composite 1423:1431 arg1 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 6 7 with model 1043:1047 arg1 Fickian 1054:1060 Fickian 1054:1060 Fickian 1054:1060 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 6 7 with model 1043:1047 arg1 diffusion 1076:1084 anomalous diffusion 1066:1084 anomalous diffusion 1066:1084 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 7 8 theme optimized 1123:1131 arg1 beads 1133:1137 The optimized beads 1119:1137 The optimized beads 1119:1137 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 3 9 theme factorial 700:708 arg1 design 710:715 a 3(2) factorial design 693:715 a 3(2) factorial design 693:715 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 2 10 theme alginate 349:356 arg1 beads 363:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads 334:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials 334:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 1 11 theme floating 216:223 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 9 12 theme alginate-TG-MS 1408:1421 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 12 theme alginate-TG-MS 1408:1421 arg1 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 5 13 theme superior 881:888 arg1 buoyancy 890:897 superior buoyancy 881:897 superior buoyancy 881:897 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads displayed superior buoyancy and sustained drug release property. 25861741 1 14 theme gum 173:175 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 3 15 theme drug 618:621 arg1 release 623:629 cumulative drug release 607:629 cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) 607:648 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 16 dep h 639:639 arg1 % 647:647 % 647:647 % 647:647 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 16 dep h 639:639 arg1 Q8h 642:644 Q8h 642:644 Q8h 642:644 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 5 17 theme gel-coated 844:853 arg1 beads 865:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads 831:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads 831:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads displayed superior buoyancy and sustained drug release property. 25861741 8 18 theme Ca-alginate-TG-MS 1267:1283 arg1 beads 1285:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads 1243:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads 1243:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses. 25861741 3 19 dep efficiency 583:592 arg1 DEE 595:597 DEE 595:597 DEE 595:597 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 19 dep efficiency 583:592 arg1 % 600:600 % 600:600 % 600:600 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 9 20 theme risperidone 1481:1491 arg1 delivery 1469:1476 intragastric delivery 1456:1476 intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time 1456:1523 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 4 21 from errors 809:814 arg1 prediction 819:828 prediction 819:828 prediction 819:828 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 1 22 theme -magnesium 181:190 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 7 23 theme release 1172:1178 arg1 profile 1180:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 9 24 theme time 1520:1523 arg1 period 1510:1515 a prolonged period 1498:1515 a prolonged period of time 1498:1523 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 6 25 theme drug 940:943 arg1 profiles 953:960 The drug release profiles 936:960 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 936:1005 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 8 26 theme SEM 1318:1320 arg1 analyses 1338:1345 SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses 1318:1345 SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses 1318:1345 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses. 25861741 7 27 theme sustained 1157:1165 arg1 profile 1180:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 5 28 theme drug 913:916 arg1 property 926:933 drug release property 913:933 drug release property 913:933 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads displayed superior buoyancy and sustained drug release property. 25861741 1 29 theme TG 178:179 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 8 30 theme FTIR 1323:1326 arg1 analyses 1338:1345 SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses 1318:1345 SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses 1318:1345 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses. 25861741 3 31 theme polymer-blend 485:497 arg1 TG 522:523 sodium alginate:TG 506:523 sodium alginate:TG 506:523 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 31 theme polymer-blend 485:497 arg1 ratio 499:503 polymer-blend ratio 485:503 polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) 485:524 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 8 32 theme P-XRD 1332:1336 arg1 analyses 1338:1345 SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses 1318:1345 SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses 1318:1345 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses. 25861741 0 33 theme Alginate 0:7 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 1 34 theme alginate 113:120 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 3 35 theme alginate 513:520 arg1 TG 522:523 sodium alginate:TG 506:523 sodium alginate:TG 506:523 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 35 theme alginate 513:520 arg1 ratio 499:503 polymer-blend ratio 485:503 polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) 485:524 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 0 36 theme oil-entrapped 20:32 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 1 37 theme oil-entrapped 133:145 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 6 38 theme coated 994:999 arg1 beads 1001:1005 the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 965:1005 the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 965:1005 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 2 39 theme gelation 454:461 arg1 technique 463:471 ionotropic gelation technique 443:471 ionotropic gelation technique 443:471 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 0 40 theme gum-magnesium 52:64 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 6 41 theme uncoated 981:988 arg1 beads 1001:1005 the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 965:1005 the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 965:1005 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 4 42 theme % 771:771 arg1 DEE 754:756 DEE 754:756 DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% 754:794 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 0 43 theme buoyant 75:81 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 6 44 theme anomalous 1066:1074 arg1 diffusion 1076:1084 anomalous diffusion 1066:1084 anomalous diffusion 1066:1084 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 1 45 theme intragastric 249:260 arg1 delivery 274:281 intragastric risperidone delivery 249:281 intragastric risperidone delivery 249:281 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 3 46 theme sodium 506:511 arg1 TG 522:523 sodium alginate:TG 506:523 sodium alginate:TG 506:523 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 46 theme sodium 506:511 arg1 ratio 499:503 polymer-blend ratio 485:503 polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) 485:524 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 2 47 theme low-density 400:410 arg1 MS 394:395 MS 394:395 MS 394:395 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 47 theme low-density 400:410 arg1 materials 412:420 low-density materials 400:420 low-density materials 400:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 47 theme low-density 400:410 arg1 oil 386:388 olive oil 380:388 olive oil 380:388 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 7 48 theme immediate 1212:1220 arg1 preparation 1230:1240 marketed immediate release preparation 1203:1240 marketed immediate release preparation 1203:1240 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 9 49 theme developed 1364:1372 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 49 theme developed 1364:1372 arg1 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 4 50 theme % 794:794 arg1 Q8h 777:779 Q8h 777:779 Q8h 777:779 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 4 50 theme % 794:794 arg1 % 794:794 78.04±0.38% 784:794 78.04±0.38% 784:794 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 4 50 theme % 794:794 arg1 % 771:771 75.19±0.75% 761:771 75.19±0.75% 761:771 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 6 51 theme Higuchi 1027:1033 arg1 model 1043:1047 Higuchi kinetic model 1027:1047 Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms 1027:1102 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 3 52 theme entrapment 572:581 arg1 efficiency 583:592 drug entrapment efficiency 567:592 drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) 567:601 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 9 53 theme coated 1387:1392 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads 1354:1437 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 9 53 theme coated 1387:1392 arg1 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 suitable 1443:1450 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 4 54 theme minimum 801:807 arg1 errors 809:814 minimum errors 801:814 minimum errors in prediction 801:828 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 1 55 theme MS 202:203 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 2 56 theme core 358:361 arg1 beads 363:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads 334:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials 334:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 1 57 theme composite 206:214 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 2 58 theme TG-blended 338:347 arg1 beads 363:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads 334:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials 334:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 6 59 theme driven 1086:1091 arg1 mechanisms 1093:1102 driven mechanisms 1086:1102 driven mechanisms 1086:1102 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 3 60 theme crosslinker 530:540 arg1 concentration 550:562 crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration 530:562 crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration 530:562 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 61 theme cumulative 607:616 arg1 release 623:629 cumulative drug release 607:629 cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) 607:648 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 9 62 theme intragastric 1456:1467 arg1 delivery 1469:1476 intragastric delivery 1456:1476 intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time 1456:1523 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 5 63 theme alginate 835:842 arg1 beads 865:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads 831:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads 831:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads displayed superior buoyancy and sustained drug release property. 25861741 8 64 theme uncoated 1247:1254 arg1 beads 1285:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads 1243:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads 1243:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses. 25861741 5 65 theme optimized 855:863 arg1 beads 865:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads 831:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads 831:869 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads displayed superior buoyancy and sustained drug release property. 25861741 6 66 theme drug-loaded 969:979 arg1 beads 1001:1005 the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 965:1005 the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 965:1005 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 8 67 theme coated 1260:1265 arg1 beads 1285:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads 1243:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads 1243:1289 The uncoated and coated Ca-alginate-TG-MS beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and P-XRD analyses. 25861741 0 68 theme risperidone 92:102 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 9 69 theme prolonged 1500:1508 arg1 period 1510:1515 a prolonged period 1498:1515 a prolonged period of time 1498:1523 Thus, the newly developed alginate-gel coated oil-entrapped alginate-TG-MS composite beads are suitable for intragastric delivery of risperidone over a prolonged period of time. 25861741 7 70 theme drug 1167:1170 arg1 profile 1180:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 2 71 contain containing 369:378 arg2 materials 412:420 low-density materials 400:420 low-density materials 400:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 71 contain containing 369:378 arg1 beads 363:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads 334:367 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials 334:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 71 contain containing 369:378 arg2 oil 386:388 olive oil 380:388 olive oil 380:388 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 71 contain containing 369:378 arg2 MS 394:395 MS 394:395 MS 394:395 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 1 72 theme stearate 192:199 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 6 73 theme release 945:951 arg1 profiles 953:960 The drug release profiles 936:960 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 936:1005 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 7 74 theme notable 1149:1155 arg1 profile 1180:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 a notable sustained drug release profile 1147:1186 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 5 75 theme release 918:924 arg1 property 926:933 drug release property 913:933 drug release property 913:933 The alginate gel-coated optimized beads displayed superior buoyancy and sustained drug release property. 25861741 4 76 theme optimized 722:730 arg1 F-O 739:741 F-O 739:741 F-O 739:741 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 4 76 theme optimized 722:730 arg1 beads 732:736 The optimized beads 718:736 The optimized beads (F-O) 718:742 The optimized beads (F-O) exhibited DEE of 75.19±0.75% and Q8h of 78.04±0.38% with minimum errors in prediction. 25861741 3 77 theme ratio 499:503 arg1 Effects 474:480 Effects 474:480 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) 474:648 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 0 78 theme gel-coated 9:18 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 1 79 theme novel 107:111 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 0 80 theme alginate-tamarind 34:50 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 1 81 theme oral 312:315 arg1 bioavailability 317:331 its oral bioavailability 308:331 its oral bioavailability 308:331 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 1 82 theme gel-coated 122:131 arg1 beads 225:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads 105:229 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 6 83 theme beads 1001:1005 arg1 profiles 953:960 The drug release profiles 936:960 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads 936:1005 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 0 84 theme stearate 66:73 arg1 beads 83:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads 0:87 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 0:103 Alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped alginate-tamarind gum-magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. 25861741 2 85 theme ionotropic 443:452 arg1 technique 463:471 ionotropic gelation technique 443:471 ionotropic gelation technique 443:471 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 86 theme olive 380:384 arg1 MS 394:395 MS 394:395 MS 394:395 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 86 theme olive 380:384 arg1 materials 412:420 low-density materials 400:420 low-density materials 400:420 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 2 86 theme olive 380:384 arg1 oil 386:388 olive oil 380:388 olive oil 380:388 The TG-blended alginate core beads containing olive oil and MS as low-density materials were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique. 25861741 7 87 theme release 1222:1228 arg1 preparation 1230:1240 marketed immediate release preparation 1203:1240 marketed immediate release preparation 1203:1240 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 6 88 dep Fickian 1054:1060 arg1 mechanisms 1093:1102 driven mechanisms 1086:1102 driven mechanisms 1086:1102 The drug release profiles of the drug-loaded uncoated and coated beads were best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model with Fickian and anomalous diffusion driven mechanisms, respectively. 25861741 3 89 from Effects 474:480 arg1 efficiency 583:592 drug entrapment efficiency 567:592 drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) 567:601 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 89 from Effects 474:480 arg1 release 623:629 cumulative drug release 607:629 cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) 607:648 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 1 90 theme risperidone 262:272 arg1 delivery 274:281 intragastric risperidone delivery 249:281 intragastric risperidone delivery 249:281 A novel alginate gel-coated oil-entrapped calcium-alginate-tamarind gum (TG)-magnesium stearate (MS) composite floating beads was developed for intragastric risperidone delivery with a view to improving its oral bioavailability. 25861741 7 91 theme marketed 1203:1210 arg1 preparation 1230:1240 marketed immediate release preparation 1203:1240 marketed immediate release preparation 1203:1240 The optimized beads yielded a notable sustained drug release profile as compared to marketed immediate release preparation. 25861741 3 92 theme core 679:682 arg1 beads 684:688 the core beads 675:688 the core beads 675:688 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 25861741 3 93 theme concentration 550:562 arg1 Effects 474:480 Effects 474:480 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) 474:648 Effects of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TG) and crosslinker (CaCl2) concentration on drug entrapment efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release after 8 h (Q8h, %) were studied to optimize the core beads by a 3(2) factorial design. 24950216 6 0 theme glycosylation 1048:1060 arg1 pattern 1062:1068 glycosylation pattern 1048:1068 glycosylation pattern 1048:1068 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 4 1 theme anti-prM 825:832 arg1 response 834:841 anti-prM response 825:841 anti-prM response 825:841 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 6 2 from association 1035:1045 arg1 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 2 from association 1035:1045 arg1 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 7 3 theme protein 1182:1188 arg1 ectodomain 1190:1199 E protein ectodomain 1180:1199 E protein ectodomain 1180:1199 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 1 4 theme virus 234:238 arg1 E 221:221 E 221:221 E 221:221 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 1 4 theme virus 234:238 arg1 target 260:265 the major target 250:265 the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development 250:316 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 1 4 theme virus 234:238 arg1 envelope 211:218 The envelope 207:218 The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) 207:245 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 2 5 with heterodimer 356:366 arg1 protein 398:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 After biosynthesis E protein forms a heterodimer with precursor membrane (prM) protein. 24950216 6 6 theme DENV4 1131:1135 arg1 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 6 theme DENV4 1131:1135 arg1 ectodomain 1117:1126 E protein ectodomain 1107:1126 E protein ectodomain of DENV4 1107:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 4 7 theme type 629:632 arg1 prM/E 636:640 DENV type 4 prM/E 624:640 DENV type 4 prM/E 624:640 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 0 8 theme membrane 178:185 arg1 protein 187:193 precursor membrane protein 168:193 precursor membrane protein 168:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 4 9 theme subunit 790:796 arg1 immunogen 798:806 a potential subunit immunogen 778:806 a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response 778:841 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 4 9 theme subunit 790:796 arg1 ectodomain 764:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 6 10 theme ectodomain 1117:1126 arg1 pattern 1062:1068 glycosylation pattern 1048:1068 glycosylation pattern 1048:1068 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 10 theme ectodomain 1117:1126 arg1 formation 1094:1102 particle formation 1085:1102 particle formation 1085:1102 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 10 theme ectodomain 1117:1126 arg1 secretion 1071:1079 secretion 1071:1079 secretion 1071:1079 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 10 theme ectodomain 1117:1126 arg1 expression 1014:1023 expression 1014:1023 expression 1014:1023 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 10 theme ectodomain 1117:1126 arg1 association 1035:1045 membrane association 1026:1045 membrane association 1026:1045 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 10 11 theme protein 1954:1960 arg1 ectodomain 1962:1971 E protein ectodomain 1952:1971 E protein ectodomain 1952:1971 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 6 12 theme prM 1167:1169 arg1 protein 1171:1177 prM protein 1167:1177 prM protein 1167:1177 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 13 theme E 1107:1107 arg1 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 13 theme E 1107:1107 arg1 ectodomain 1117:1126 E protein ectodomain 1107:1126 E protein ectodomain of DENV4 1107:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 4 14 theme truncation 591:600 arg1 constructs 602:611 C-terminal truncation constructs 580:611 C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins 580:654 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 6 15 dep expression 1014:1023 arg1 the 1010:1012 the 1010:1012 the 1010:1012 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 0 16 theme membrane 95:102 arg1 association 104:114 membrane association 95:114 membrane association 95:114 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 3 17 dep suggest 488:494 arg1 harmful 536:542 harmful 536:542 harmful 536:542 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 9 18 theme E 1666:1666 arg1 ectodomain 1676:1685 E protein ectodomain 1666:1685 E protein ectodomain 1666:1685 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 9 19 with treatment 1751:1759 arg1 chloride 1774:1781 ammonia chloride 1766:1781 ammonia chloride 1766:1781 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 9 20 theme ectodomain 1676:1685 arg1 secretion 1653:1661 the secretion 1649:1661 the secretion of E protein ectodomain 1649:1685 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 8 21 theme protein 1408:1414 arg1 absence 1393:1399 the absence 1389:1399 the absence of prM protein 1389:1414 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 6 22 theme protein 1171:1177 arg1 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 22 theme protein 1171:1177 arg1 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 8 23 theme E 1417:1417 arg1 ectodomain 1427:1436 E protein ectodomain 1417:1436 E protein ectodomain 1417:1436 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 5 24 theme DENV 867:870 arg1 ectodomain 882:891 DENV E protein ectodomain 867:891 DENV E protein ectodomain 867:891 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 0 25 from expression 83:92 arg1 absence 157:163 the absence 153:163 the absence of precursor membrane protein 153:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 5 26 theme protein 874:880 arg1 ectodomain 882:891 DENV E protein ectodomain 867:891 DENV E protein ectodomain 867:891 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 9 27 theme N-linked 1703:1710 arg1 glycosylation 1712:1724 N-linked glycosylation 1703:1724 N-linked glycosylation 1703:1724 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 7 28 theme full-length 1300:1310 arg1 protein 1314:1320 full-length E protein 1300:1320 full-length E protein 1300:1320 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 4 29 theme E 645:645 arg1 proteins 647:654 E proteins 645:654 E proteins 645:654 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 10 30 theme prM 1991:1993 arg1 protein 1995:2001 prM protein 1991:2001 prM protein 1991:2001 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 7 31 theme E 1180:1180 arg1 ectodomain 1190:1199 E protein ectodomain 1180:1199 E protein ectodomain 1180:1199 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 10 32 theme subunit 2028:2034 arg1 design 2044:2049 future subunit vaccine design 2021:2049 future subunit vaccine design 2021:2049 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 0 33 theme virus 69:73 arg1 type 75:78 dengue virus type 4 62:80 dengue virus type 4 62:80 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 10 34 from secretion 1939:1947 arg1 absence 1980:1986 the absence 1976:1986 the absence of prM protein 1976:2001 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 5 35 theme prM 911:913 arg1 protein 915:921 prM protein 911:921 prM protein 911:921 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 6 36 dep FINDINGS 970:977 arg1 study 987:991 this study 982:991 this study 982:991 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 37 theme membrane 1026:1033 arg1 association 1035:1045 membrane association 1026:1045 membrane association 1026:1045 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 4 38 theme protein 686:692 arg1 ectodomain 670:679 the ectodomain 666:679 the ectodomain of E protein alone 666:698 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 4 38 theme protein 686:692 arg1 protein 686:692 E protein 684:692 E protein alone 684:698 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 2 39 theme prM 393:395 arg1 protein 398:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 After biosynthesis E protein forms a heterodimer with precursor membrane (prM) protein. 24950216 2 40 theme membrane 383:390 arg1 protein 398:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 After biosynthesis E protein forms a heterodimer with precursor membrane (prM) protein. 24950216 10 41 dep expression 1924:1933 arg1 the 1920:1922 the 1920:1922 the 1920:1922 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 10 42 theme infectivity 1845:1855 arg1 enhancement 1825:1835 the enhancement 1821:1835 the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies 1821:1878 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 4 43 theme E 754:754 arg1 immunogen 798:806 a potential subunit immunogen 778:806 a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response 778:841 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 4 43 theme E 754:754 arg1 ectodomain 764:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 6 44 from secretion 1071:1079 arg1 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 44 from secretion 1071:1079 arg1 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 0 45 theme envelope 42:49 arg1 protein 51:57 the envelope protein 38:57 the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4 38:80 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 6 46 theme particle 1085:1092 arg1 formation 1094:1102 particle formation 1085:1102 particle formation 1085:1102 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 3 47 theme infection 425:433 arg1 enhancement 435:445 infection enhancement 425:445 infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 425:486 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 8 48 theme electron 1594:1601 arg1 microscopy 1603:1612 electron microscopy 1594:1612 electron microscopy 1594:1612 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 8 49 theme sucrose 1527:1533 arg1 ultracentrifugation 1544:1562 sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation 1527:1562 sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy 1527:1612 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 10 50 theme anti-prM 1860:1867 arg1 antibodies 1869:1878 anti-prM antibodies 1860:1878 anti-prM antibodies 1860:1878 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 8 51 from particles 1466:1474 arg1 diameter 1502:1509 diameter 1502:1509 diameter 1502:1509 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 0 52 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 expression 83:92 expression 83:92 expression 83:92 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 0 52 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 secretion 117:125 secretion 117:125 secretion 117:125 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 0 52 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 formation 140:148 particle formation 131:148 particle formation 131:148 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 0 52 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 association 104:114 membrane association 95:114 membrane association 95:114 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 10 53 theme new 1902:1904 arg1 insights 1906:1913 new insights 1902:1913 new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein 1902:2001 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 6 54 from pattern 1062:1068 arg1 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 54 from pattern 1062:1068 arg1 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 3 55 theme monoclonal 459:468 arg1 antibodies 470:479 anti-prM monoclonal antibodies 450:479 anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 450:486 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 3 55 theme monoclonal 459:468 arg1 mAbs 482:485 mAbs 482:485 mAbs 482:485 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 0 56 from formation 140:148 arg1 absence 157:163 the absence 153:163 the absence of precursor membrane protein 153:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 0 57 theme precursor 168:176 arg1 protein 187:193 precursor membrane protein 168:193 precursor membrane protein 168:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 6 58 from expression 1014:1023 arg1 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 58 from expression 1014:1023 arg1 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 3 59 theme anti-prM 496:503 arg1 responses 505:513 anti-prM responses 496:513 anti-prM responses 496:513 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 1 60 theme dengue 227:232 arg1 DENV 241:244 DENV 241:244 DENV 241:244 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 1 60 theme dengue 227:232 arg1 virus 234:238 dengue virus 227:238 dengue virus (DENV) 227:245 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 7 61 theme mannose 1369:1375 arg1 glycans 1377:1383 high mannose glycans 1364:1383 high mannose glycans 1364:1383 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 9 62 theme Mutational 1615:1624 arg1 analysis 1626:1633 Mutational analysis 1615:1633 Mutational analysis 1615:1633 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 0 63 theme protein 187:193 arg1 absence 157:163 the absence 153:163 the absence of precursor membrane protein 153:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 4 64 theme DENV 624:627 arg1 prM/E 636:640 DENV type 4 prM/E 624:640 DENV type 4 prM/E 624:640 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 4 65 theme potential 780:788 arg1 immunogen 798:806 a potential subunit immunogen 778:806 a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response 778:841 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 4 65 theme potential 780:788 arg1 ectodomain 764:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 6 66 theme protein 1109:1115 arg1 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 66 theme protein 1109:1115 arg1 ectodomain 1117:1126 E protein ectodomain 1107:1126 E protein ectodomain of DENV4 1107:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 10 67 theme E 1952:1952 arg1 ectodomain 1962:1971 E protein ectodomain 1952:1971 E protein ectodomain 1952:1971 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 8 68 theme prM 1404:1406 arg1 protein 1408:1414 prM protein 1404:1414 prM protein 1404:1414 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 7 69 theme high 1364:1367 arg1 glycans 1377:1383 high mannose glycans 1364:1383 high mannose glycans 1364:1383 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 4 70 theme C-terminal 580:589 arg1 constructs 602:611 C-terminal truncation constructs 580:611 C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins 580:654 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 9 71 theme protein 1668:1674 arg1 ectodomain 1676:1685 E protein ectodomain 1666:1685 E protein ectodomain 1666:1685 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 4 72 theme constructs 602:611 arg1 series 570:575 a series 568:575 a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins 568:654 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 0 73 theme particle 131:138 arg1 formation 140:148 particle formation 131:148 particle formation 131:148 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 7 74 contain contained 1255:1263 arg2 glycans 1283:1289 complex glycans 1275:1289 complex glycans 1275:1289 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 7 74 contain contained 1255:1263 arg1 ectodomain 1190:1199 E protein ectodomain 1180:1199 E protein ectodomain 1180:1199 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 10 75 from expression 1924:1933 arg1 absence 1980:1986 the absence 1976:1986 the absence of prM protein 1976:2001 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 8 76 theme protein 1419:1425 arg1 ectodomain 1427:1436 E protein ectodomain 1417:1436 E protein ectodomain 1417:1436 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 7 77 theme ER 1338:1339 arg1 membrane 1341:1348 ER membrane 1338:1348 ER membrane 1338:1348 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 6 78 dep presence 1144:1151 arg1 the 1140:1142 the 1140:1142 the 1140:1142 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 10 79 theme ectodomain 1962:1971 arg1 secretion 1939:1947 secretion 1939:1947 secretion 1939:1947 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 10 79 theme ectodomain 1962:1971 arg1 expression 1924:1933 expression 1924:1933 expression 1924:1933 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 5 80 theme E 872:872 arg1 ectodomain 882:891 DENV E protein ectodomain 867:891 DENV E protein ectodomain 867:891 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 9 81 link N-linked 1703:1710 arg1 glycosylation 1712:1724 N-linked glycosylation 1703:1724 N-linked glycosylation 1703:1724 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 10 82 theme protein 1995:2001 arg1 absence 1980:1986 the absence 1976:1986 the absence of prM protein 1976:2001 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 0 83 theme dengue 62:67 arg1 type 75:78 dengue virus type 4 62:80 dengue virus type 4 62:80 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 7 84 theme E 1312:1312 arg1 protein 1314:1320 full-length E protein 1300:1320 full-length E protein 1300:1320 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 8 85 theme gradient 1535:1542 arg1 ultracentrifugation 1544:1562 sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation 1527:1562 sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy 1527:1612 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 0 86 theme type 75:78 arg1 protein 51:57 the envelope protein 38:57 the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4 38:80 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 6 87 theme METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL 948:968 arg1 FINDINGS 970:977 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 948:977 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 948:977 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 10 88 theme future 2021:2026 arg1 design 2044:2049 future subunit vaccine design 2021:2049 future subunit vaccine design 2021:2049 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 1 89 theme vaccine 298:304 arg1 development 306:316 vaccine development 298:316 vaccine development 298:316 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 5 90 from characteristics 848:862 arg1 absence 900:906 the absence 896:906 the absence of prM protein 896:921 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 6 91 gly glycosylation 1048:1060 arg1 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 DENV4 1131:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 91 gly glycosylation 1048:1060 arg1 ectodomain 1117:1126 E protein ectodomain 1107:1126 E protein ectodomain of DENV4 1107:1135 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 5 92 theme protein 915:921 arg1 absence 900:906 the absence 896:906 the absence of prM protein 896:921 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 5 93 theme ectodomain 882:891 arg1 characteristics 848:862 The characteristics 844:862 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein 844:921 The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. 24950216 7 94 theme complex 1275:1281 arg1 glycans 1283:1289 complex glycans 1275:1289 complex glycans 1275:1289 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 9 95 theme ammonia 1766:1772 arg1 chloride 1774:1781 ammonia chloride 1766:1781 ammonia chloride 1766:1781 Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. 24950216 8 96 theme nm 1496:1497 arg1 particles 1466:1474 particles 1466:1474 particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter 1466:1509 In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. 24950216 4 97 theme E 684:684 arg1 protein 686:692 E protein 684:692 E protein alone 684:698 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 2 98 theme E 338:338 arg1 protein 340:346 E protein 338:346 E protein 338:346 After biosynthesis E protein forms a heterodimer with precursor membrane (prM) protein. 24950216 0 99 theme ectodomain 24:33 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 0:194 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 7 100 contain contained 1354:1362 arg1 protein 1314:1320 full-length E protein 1300:1320 full-length E protein 1300:1320 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 7 100 contain contained 1354:1362 arg2 glycans 1377:1383 high mannose glycans 1364:1383 high mannose glycans 1364:1383 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 7 101 dep associated 1201:1210 arg1 whereas 1292:1298 whereas 1292:1298 whereas 1292:1298 E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. 24950216 2 102 theme precursor 373:381 arg1 protein 398:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 precursor membrane (prM) protein 373:404 After biosynthesis E protein forms a heterodimer with precursor membrane (prM) protein. 24950216 10 103 theme DENV 1840:1843 arg1 infectivity 1845:1855 DENV infectivity 1840:1855 DENV infectivity 1840:1855 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 3 104 theme Recent 407:412 arg1 reports 414:420 Recent reports 407:420 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 407:486 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 0 105 theme protein 51:57 arg1 ectodomain 24:33 the ectodomain 20:33 the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4 20:80 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 0 105 theme protein 51:57 arg1 protein 51:57 the envelope protein 38:57 the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4 38:80 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 1 106 theme major 254:258 arg1 target 260:265 the major target 250:265 the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development 250:316 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 1 106 theme major 254:258 arg1 envelope 211:218 The envelope 207:218 The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) 207:245 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 4 107 theme protein 756:762 arg1 immunogen 798:806 a potential subunit immunogen 778:806 a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response 778:841 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 4 107 theme protein 756:762 arg1 ectodomain 764:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 E protein ectodomain 754:773 Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. 24950216 6 108 from formation 1094:1102 arg1 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 absence 1156:1162 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 6 108 from formation 1094:1102 arg1 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 presence 1144:1151 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. 24950216 3 109 theme anti-prM 450:457 arg1 antibodies 470:479 anti-prM monoclonal antibodies 450:479 anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 450:486 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 3 109 theme anti-prM 450:457 arg1 mAbs 482:485 mAbs 482:485 mAbs 482:485 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 0 110 from secretion 117:125 arg1 absence 157:163 the absence 153:163 the absence of precursor membrane protein 153:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 24950216 1 111 dep BACKGROUND 196:205 arg1 target 260:265 the major target 250:265 the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development 250:316 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 1 111 dep BACKGROUND 196:205 arg1 envelope 211:218 The envelope 207:218 The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) 207:245 BACKGROUND The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. 24950216 3 112 theme enhancement 435:445 arg1 reports 414:420 Recent reports 407:420 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 407:486 Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. 24950216 10 113 theme vaccine 2036:2042 arg1 design 2044:2049 future subunit vaccine design 2021:2049 future subunit vaccine design 2021:2049 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design. 24950216 0 114 from association 104:114 arg1 absence 157:163 the absence 153:163 the absence of precursor membrane protein 153:193 Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. 28189483 0 0 theme conductive 84:93 arg1 nanofibers 95:104 composite containing conductive nanofibers 63:104 composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration 63:130 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 4 1 dep technique 534:542 arg1 the 514:516 the 514:516 the 514:516 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 7 2 theme human 1012:1016 arg1 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 7 2 theme human 1012:1016 arg1 cells 1023:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells 987:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC) 987:1034 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 5 3 theme nanofibrous 764:774 arg1 scaffold 776:783 PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 745:783 PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 745:783 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 0 4 theme containing 73:82 arg1 nanofibers 95:104 composite containing conductive nanofibers 63:104 composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration 63:130 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 11 5 dep cells 1521:1525 arg1 differentiation 1527:1541 differentiation 1527:1541 differentiation 1527:1541 This composites can be used in this new field for stem cells differentiation to target tissues. 28189483 10 6 dep shows 1383:1387 arg1 promoting 1419:1427 promoting 1419:1427 promoting cell proliferation 1419:1446 Novel scaffold plus electrical stimulation shows facilitating cell seeding and promoting cell proliferation, differentiation. 28189483 10 6 dep shows 1383:1387 arg1 facilitating 1389:1400 facilitating 1389:1400 facilitating cell seeding 1389:1413 Novel scaffold plus electrical stimulation shows facilitating cell seeding and promoting cell proliferation, differentiation. 28189483 1 7 theme applications 257:268 arg1 discovery 240:248 the discovery 236:248 the discovery of its applications 236:268 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 1 7 theme applications 257:268 arg1 fabrication 220:230 conductive nanofiber fabrication 199:230 conductive nanofiber fabrication 199:230 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 10 8 theme cell 1429:1432 arg1 proliferation 1434:1446 cell proliferation 1429:1446 cell proliferation 1429:1446 Novel scaffold plus electrical stimulation shows facilitating cell seeding and promoting cell proliferation, differentiation. 28189483 7 9 theme unrestricted 991:1002 arg1 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 7 9 theme unrestricted 991:1002 arg1 cells 1023:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells 987:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC) 987:1034 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 9 10 theme Cellular 1159:1166 arg1 function 1168:1175 Cellular function 1159:1175 Cellular function 1159:1175 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 8 11 theme electric 1100:1107 arg1 pulses 1109:1114 DC electric pulses 1097:1114 DC electric pulses 1097:1114 Then, the effect of applying DC electric pulses to cells cultured on polymer was assessed. 28189483 5 12 theme PEDOT/Silk 745:754 arg1 scaffold 776:783 PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 745:783 PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 745:783 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 9 13 theme collagen 1288:1295 arg1 genes 1333:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 1 14 from advances 144:151 arg1 field 160:164 the field 156:164 the field of biomedical nanotechnology 156:193 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 3 15 theme medical 477:483 arg1 applications 485:496 medical applications 477:496 medical applications 477:496 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 5 16 theme bilayer 756:762 arg1 scaffold 776:783 PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 745:783 PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 745:783 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 4 17 theme Silk 633:636 arg1 scaffold 675:682 Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold 633:682 Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold 633:682 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 5 18 theme aligned 799:805 arg1 bundles 822:828 the aligned collagen fiber bundles 795:828 the aligned collagen fiber bundles 795:828 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 0 19 theme ligament 110:117 arg1 regeneration 119:130 ligament regeneration 110:130 ligament regeneration 110:130 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 11 20 theme new 1502:1504 arg1 field 1506:1510 this new field 1497:1510 this new field 1497:1510 This composites can be used in this new field for stem cells differentiation to target tissues. 28189483 2 21 theme flexible 285:292 arg1 nanofibers 294:303 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers 271:303 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology 271:375 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 1 22 theme biomedical 169:178 arg1 nanotechnology 180:193 biomedical nanotechnology 169:193 biomedical nanotechnology 169:193 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 4 23 theme polymerization 560:573 arg1 method 587:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 5 24 theme scaffold 776:783 arg1 construct 732:740 a ligament construct 721:740 a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 721:783 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 5 25 theme study 700:704 arg1 aim 689:691 The aim 685:691 The aim of our study 685:704 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 1 26 theme nanotechnology 180:193 arg1 field 160:164 the field 156:164 the field of biomedical nanotechnology 156:193 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 0 27 theme Electrical 0:9 arg1 stimulation 11:21 Electrical stimulation 0:21 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells 0:49 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 4 28 theme phase 554:558 arg1 method 587:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 10 29 theme cell 1402:1405 arg1 seeding 1407:1413 cell seeding 1402:1413 cell seeding 1402:1413 Novel scaffold plus electrical stimulation shows facilitating cell seeding and promoting cell proliferation, differentiation. 28189483 4 30 with technique 534:542 arg1 drying 606:611 freeze drying 599:611 freeze drying 599:611 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 3 31 theme conductive 427:436 arg1 polymer 438:444 a conductive polymer 425:444 a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications 425:496 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 3 31 theme conductive 427:436 arg1 Poly 378:381 Poly 378:381 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 378:420 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 0 32 theme somatic 26:32 arg1 cells 45:49 somatic human stem cells 26:49 somatic human stem cells 26:49 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 4 33 theme vapor 548:552 arg1 method 587:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 9 34 theme electrical 1217:1226 arg1 induction 1228:1236 electrical induction 1217:1236 electrical induction 1217:1236 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 3 35 used used 469:472 arg2 Poly 378:381 Poly 378:381 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 378:420 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 3 35 used used 469:472 arg2 polymer 438:444 a conductive polymer 425:444 a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications 425:496 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 4 36 theme fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan 638:659 arg1 scaffold 675:682 Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold 633:682 Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold 633:682 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 3 37 theme 4-ethylene 387:396 arg1 dioxythiophene 398:411 4-ethylene dioxythiophene 387:411 4-ethylene dioxythiophene 387:411 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 3 37 theme 4-ethylene 387:396 arg1 3 384:384 3 384:384 3 384:384 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 4 38 theme combination 575:585 arg1 method 587:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 9 39 theme aggrecan 1324:1331 arg1 genes 1333:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 1 40 theme conductive 199:208 arg1 fabrication 220:230 conductive nanofiber fabrication 199:230 conductive nanofiber fabrication 199:230 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 0 41 theme stem 40:43 arg1 cells 45:49 somatic human stem cells 26:49 somatic human stem cells 26:49 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 2 42 contain have 310:313 arg2 biocompatibility 322:337 a good biocompatibility 315:337 a good biocompatibility 315:337 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 2 42 contain have 310:313 arg2 morphology 366:375 morphology 366:375 morphology 366:375 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 2 42 contain have 310:313 arg1 nanofibers 294:303 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers 271:303 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology 271:375 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 2 42 contain have 310:313 arg2 properties 351:360 mechanical properties 340:360 mechanical properties 340:360 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 5 43 theme ligament 723:730 arg1 construct 732:740 a ligament construct 721:740 a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold 721:783 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 1 44 theme nanofiber 210:218 arg1 fabrication 220:230 conductive nanofiber fabrication 199:230 conductive nanofiber fabrication 199:230 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 0 45 theme human 34:38 arg1 cells 45:49 somatic human stem cells 26:49 somatic human stem cells 26:49 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 4 46 theme electrospinning 518:532 arg1 technique 534:542 electrospinning technique 518:542 electrospinning technique 518:542 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 4 47 used used 617:620 arg2 method 587:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 vapor phase polymerization combination method 548:592 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 4 47 used used 617:620 arg2 technique 534:542 electrospinning technique 518:542 electrospinning technique 518:542 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 5 48 theme Chitosan 834:841 arg1 coating 850:856 Chitosan sponge coating 834:856 Chitosan sponge coating 834:856 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 4 49 theme nanocomposite 661:673 arg1 scaffold 675:682 Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold 633:682 Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold 633:682 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 5 50 theme collagen 807:814 arg1 bundles 822:828 the aligned collagen fiber bundles 795:828 the aligned collagen fiber bundles 795:828 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 9 51 theme genes 1333:1337 arg1 expression 1262:1271 the high expression 1253:1271 the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1253:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 5 52 theme fiber 816:820 arg1 bundles 822:828 the aligned collagen fiber bundles 795:828 the aligned collagen fiber bundles 795:828 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 9 53 theme biglycan 1311:1318 arg1 genes 1333:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 8 54 theme DC 1097:1098 arg1 pulses 1109:1114 DC electric pulses 1097:1114 DC electric pulses 1097:1114 Then, the effect of applying DC electric pulses to cells cultured on polymer was assessed. 28189483 0 55 theme cells 45:49 arg1 stimulation 11:21 Electrical stimulation 0:21 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells 0:49 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 6 56 theme developed 946:954 arg1 constructs 956:965 The developed constructs 942:965 The developed constructs 942:965 The developed constructs were characterized. 28189483 3 57 dep Poly 378:381 arg1 dioxythiophene 398:411 4-ethylene dioxythiophene 387:411 4-ethylene dioxythiophene 387:411 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 3 57 dep Poly 378:381 arg1 3 384:384 3 384:384 3 384:384 Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conductive polymer that has recently been used in medical applications. 28189483 9 58 theme collagen 1276:1283 arg1 genes 1333:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 5 59 theme ECM 930:932 arg1 sheath 934:939 ECM sheath 930:939 ECM sheath 930:939 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 10 60 theme electrical 1360:1369 arg1 stimulation 1371:1381 electrical stimulation 1360:1381 electrical stimulation 1360:1381 Novel scaffold plus electrical stimulation shows facilitating cell seeding and promoting cell proliferation, differentiation. 28189483 2 61 theme Biocompatible 271:283 arg1 nanofibers 294:303 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers 271:303 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology 271:375 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 5 62 theme sheath 934:939 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 908:925 the glycosaminoglycans 904:925 the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath 904:939 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 2 63 theme good 317:320 arg1 morphology 366:375 morphology 366:375 morphology 366:375 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 2 63 theme good 317:320 arg1 biocompatibility 322:337 a good biocompatibility 315:337 a good biocompatibility 315:337 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 2 63 theme good 317:320 arg1 properties 351:360 mechanical properties 340:360 mechanical properties 340:360 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 11 64 used used 1489:1492 arg2 composites 1471:1480 This composites 1466:1480 This composites 1466:1480 This composites can be used in this new field for stem cells differentiation to target tissues. 28189483 9 65 theme high 1257:1260 arg1 expression 1262:1271 the high expression 1253:1271 the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1253:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 28189483 5 66 theme sponge 843:848 arg1 coating 850:856 Chitosan sponge coating 834:856 Chitosan sponge coating 834:856 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 7 67 theme stem 1018:1021 arg1 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 7 67 theme stem 1018:1021 arg1 cells 1023:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells 987:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC) 987:1034 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 2 68 theme mechanical 340:349 arg1 biocompatibility 322:337 a good biocompatibility 315:337 a good biocompatibility 315:337 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 2 68 theme mechanical 340:349 arg1 properties 351:360 mechanical properties 340:360 mechanical properties 340:360 Biocompatible flexible nanofibers that have a good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and morphology. 28189483 0 69 theme composite 63:71 arg1 nanofibers 95:104 composite containing conductive nanofibers 63:104 composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration 63:130 Electrical stimulation of somatic human stem cells mediated by composite containing conductive nanofibers for ligament regeneration. 28189483 11 70 theme target 1546:1551 arg1 tissues 1553:1559 target tissues 1546:1559 target tissues 1546:1559 This composites can be used in this new field for stem cells differentiation to target tissues. 28189483 11 71 theme stem 1516:1519 arg1 cells 1521:1525 stem cells 1516:1525 stem cells differentiation to target tissues 1516:1559 This composites can be used in this new field for stem cells differentiation to target tissues. 28189483 10 72 theme Novel 1340:1344 arg1 scaffold 1346:1353 Novel scaffold 1340:1353 Novel scaffold 1340:1353 Novel scaffold plus electrical stimulation shows facilitating cell seeding and promoting cell proliferation, differentiation. 28189483 1 73 theme advances 144:151 arg1 One 133:135 One 133:135 One 133:135 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 1 73 theme advances 144:151 arg1 advances 144:151 the advances 140:151 the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology 140:193 One of the advances in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, is conductive nanofiber fabrication and the discovery of its applications. 28189483 5 74 theme fibrous 876:882 arg1 scaffolds 884:892 these fibrous scaffolds 870:892 these fibrous scaffolds 870:892 The aim of our study was to develop a ligament construct of PEDOT/Silk bilayer nanofibrous scaffold, to mimic the aligned collagen fiber bundles and Chitosan sponge coating was done on these fibrous scaffolds, to mimic the glycosaminoglycans of ECM sheath. 28189483 4 75 theme freeze 599:604 arg1 drying 606:611 freeze drying 599:611 freeze drying 599:611 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 4 76 with method 587:592 arg1 drying 606:611 freeze drying 599:611 freeze drying 599:611 In this study, the electrospinning technique and vapor phase polymerization combination method with freeze drying was used to produce Silk fibroin/PEDOT/Chitosan nanocomposite scaffold. 28189483 7 77 theme somatic 1004:1010 arg1 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 USSC 1030:1033 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 7 77 theme somatic 1004:1010 arg1 cells 1023:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells 987:1027 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC) 987:1034 The unrestricted somatic human stem cells (USSC), were cultured on the scaffold. 28189483 9 78 theme decorin 1302:1308 arg1 genes 1333:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes 1276:1337 Cellular function was actively exhibited in scaffold with electrical induction, as evident by the high expression of collagen I, collagen III, decorin, biglycan and aggrecan genes. 24857898 2 0 theme cellulose 354:362 arg1 triacetate 364:373 cellulose triacetate 354:373 cellulose triacetate (CTA) 354:379 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 0 theme cellulose 354:362 arg1 plasticizer 446:456 the plasticizer 442:456 the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants 442:505 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 0 theme cellulose 354:362 arg1 matrix 396:401 the polymer matrix 384:401 the polymer matrix 384:401 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 0 theme cellulose 354:362 arg1 CTA 376:378 CTA 376:378 CTA 376:378 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 4 1 theme uptake 788:793 arg1 studies 795:801 The uptake studies 784:801 The uptake studies 784:801 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 2 theme >Th 925:927 arg1 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 2 theme >Th 925:927 arg1 >UO2 932:935 Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2 912:935 the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+) 901:939 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 3 theme varying 852:858 arg1 concentrations 860:873 varying concentrations 852:873 varying concentrations of nitric acid 852:888 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 8 4 theme transport 1506:1514 arg1 studies 1516:1522 the transport studies 1502:1522 the transport studies 1502:1522 Diffusion coefficient values were experimentally obtained from the transport studies and were found to be 8.89×10(-8) cm(2)/s for Am(3+) transport. 24857898 1 5 from acidic 311:316 arg1 separation 235:244 the separation 231:244 the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds 231:322 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 4 6 theme nitric 878:883 arg1 acid 885:888 nitric acid 878:888 nitric acid 878:888 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 3 7 theme CTA 685:687 arg1 concentration 707:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration 681:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum 681:781 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 3 8 dep % 750:750 arg1 NPOE 752:755 NPOE 752:755 30% NPOE 748:755 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 1 9 contain containing 155:164 arg2 TODGA 166:170 TODGA 166:170 TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) 166:210 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 9 contain containing 155:164 arg1 membranes 139:147 Polymer inclusion membranes 121:147 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) 121:210 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 9 contain containing 155:164 arg1 PIM 150:152 PIM 150:152 PIM 150:152 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 3 10 dep % 763:763 arg1 CTA 765:767 CTA 765:767 12% CTA 761:767 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 5 11 theme Transport 942:950 arg1 studies 952:958 Transport studies 942:958 Transport studies 942:958 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 2 12 theme carrier 487:493 arg1 extractants 495:505 the diglycolamide carrier extractants 469:505 the diglycolamide carrier extractants 469:505 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 6 13 with efficiencies 1170:1181 arg1 TODGA 1188:1192 TODGA 1188:1192 TODGA containing PIMs 1188:1208 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 6 14 theme same 1223:1226 arg1 trend 1228:1232 the same trend 1219:1232 the same trend 1219:1232 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 0 15 theme carrier 101:107 arg1 TODGA 88:92 TODGA 88:92 TODGA 88:92 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 0 15 theme carrier 101:107 arg1 extractant 109:118 the carrier extractant 97:118 the carrier extractant 97:118 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 2 16 theme diglycolamide 473:485 arg1 extractants 495:505 the diglycolamide carrier extractants 469:505 the diglycolamide carrier extractants 469:505 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 5 17 theme nitric 1009:1014 arg1 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 17 theme nitric 1009:1014 arg1 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 17 theme nitric 1009:1014 arg1 concentration 1021:1033 nitric acid concentration 1009:1033 nitric acid concentration the feed 1009:1042 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 6 18 theme actinide 1147:1154 arg1 efficiencies 1170:1181 The actinide ion transport efficiencies 1143:1181 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs 1143:1208 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 4 19 theme feed 826:829 arg1 solutions 831:839 feed solutions 826:839 feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid 826:888 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 20 contain containing 841:850 arg1 solutions 831:839 feed solutions 826:839 feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid 826:888 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 20 contain containing 841:850 arg2 concentrations 860:873 varying concentrations 852:873 varying concentrations of nitric acid 852:888 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 21 theme >Pu 918:920 arg1 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 21 theme >Pu 918:920 arg1 >UO2 932:935 Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2 912:935 the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+) 901:939 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 5 22 theme alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric 1103:1127 arg1 acid 1129:1132 alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid 1103:1132 alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA) 1103:1140 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 22 theme alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric 1103:1127 arg1 AHIBA 1135:1139 AHIBA 1135:1139 AHIBA 1135:1139 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 0 23 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 evaluation 12:21 Comparative evaluation 0:21 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 0:119 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 6 24 contain containing 1194:1203 arg1 TODGA 1188:1192 TODGA 1188:1192 TODGA containing PIMs 1188:1208 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 6 24 contain containing 1194:1203 arg2 PIMs 1205:1208 PIMs 1205:1208 PIMs 1205:1208 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 2 25 theme conventional 533:544 arg1 AFM 591:593 AFM 591:593 AFM 591:593 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 25 theme conventional 533:544 arg1 techniques 546:555 conventional techniques 533:555 conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM 533:593 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 25 theme conventional 533:544 arg1 XRD 565:567 XRD 565:567 XRD 565:567 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 25 theme conventional 533:544 arg1 analysis 578:585 thermal analysis 570:585 thermal analysis 570:585 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 6 26 theme uptake 1249:1254 arg1 studies 1256:1262 the uptake studies 1245:1262 the uptake studies 1245:1262 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 7 27 theme AFM 1269:1271 arg1 patterns 1273:1280 The AFM patterns 1265:1280 The AFM patterns of the PIMs 1265:1292 The AFM patterns of the PIMs changed when loaded with Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) while the regenerated membranes have displayed comparable morphologies. 24857898 0 28 theme actinide 26:33 arg1 uptake 39:44 actinide ion uptake 26:44 actinide ion uptake 26:44 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 1 29 theme actinide 249:256 arg1 ions 258:261 actinide ions 249:261 actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) 249:304 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 29 theme actinide 249:256 arg1 Pu 279:280 Pu 279:280 Pu(4+) 279:284 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 29 theme actinide 249:256 arg1 Am 271:272 Am 271:272 Am(3+) 271:276 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 29 theme actinide 249:256 arg1 Th 299:300 Th 299:300 Th(4+) 299:304 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 29 theme actinide 249:256 arg1 UO2 287:289 UO2(2+) 287:293 UO2(2+) 287:293 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 2 30 theme 2-nitrophenyloctyl 407:424 arg1 NPOE 433:436 NPOE 433:436 NPOE 433:436 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 30 theme 2-nitrophenyloctyl 407:424 arg1 ether 426:430 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether 407:430 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) 407:437 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 5 31 theme feed 1039:1042 arg1 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 31 theme feed 1039:1042 arg1 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 31 theme feed 1039:1042 arg1 concentration 1021:1033 nitric acid concentration 1009:1033 nitric acid concentration the feed 1009:1042 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 32 dep varied 1048:1053 arg1 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 32 dep varied 1048:1053 arg1 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 32 dep varied 1048:1053 arg1 concentration 1021:1033 nitric acid concentration 1009:1033 nitric acid concentration the feed 1009:1042 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 1 33 theme ions 258:261 arg1 separation 235:244 the separation 231:244 the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds 231:322 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 4 34 theme acid 885:888 arg1 concentrations 860:873 varying concentrations 852:873 varying concentrations of nitric acid 852:888 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 35 theme Am 912:913 arg1 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 35 theme Am 912:913 arg1 >UO2 932:935 Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2 912:935 the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+) 901:939 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 0 36 theme uptake 39:44 arg1 evaluation 12:21 Comparative evaluation 0:21 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 0:119 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 3 37 theme PIM 600:602 arg1 composition 604:614 The PIM composition 596:614 The PIM composition 596:614 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 5 38 theme two-compartment 982:996 arg1 cell 998:1001 a two-compartment cell 980:1001 a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA) 980:1140 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 3 39 theme NPOE 690:693 arg1 concentration 707:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration 681:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum 681:781 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 0 40 theme ion 35:37 arg1 uptake 39:44 actinide ion uptake 26:44 actinide ion uptake 26:44 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 2 41 theme polymer 388:394 arg1 triacetate 364:373 cellulose triacetate 354:373 cellulose triacetate (CTA) 354:379 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 2 41 theme polymer 388:394 arg1 matrix 396:401 the polymer matrix 384:401 the polymer matrix 384:401 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 6 42 theme transport 1160:1168 arg1 efficiencies 1170:1181 The actinide ion transport efficiencies 1143:1181 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs 1143:1208 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 2 43 theme thermal 570:576 arg1 analysis 578:585 thermal analysis 570:585 thermal analysis 570:585 The PIMs were prepared using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer along with the diglycolamide carrier extractants and were characterized by conventional techniques such as XRD, thermal analysis and AFM. 24857898 0 44 theme polymer 49:55 arg1 membranes 67:75 polymer inclusion membranes 49:75 polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant 49:118 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 1 45 dep TODGA 166:170 arg1 N 173:173 N 173:173 N 173:173 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 45 dep TODGA 166:170 arg1 N' 177:178 N' 177:178 N' 177:178 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 45 dep TODGA 166:170 arg1 diglycolamide 197:209 N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide 180:209 N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide 180:209 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 45 dep TODGA 166:170 arg1 N 175:175 N 175:175 N 175:175 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 4 46 theme 4+ 929:930 arg1 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 46 theme 4+ 929:930 arg1 >UO2 932:935 Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2 912:935 the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+) 901:939 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 7 47 theme PIMs 1289:1292 arg1 patterns 1273:1280 The AFM patterns 1265:1280 The AFM patterns of the PIMs 1265:1292 The AFM patterns of the PIMs changed when loaded with Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) while the regenerated membranes have displayed comparable morphologies. 24857898 7 48 theme Eu 1319:1320 arg1 carrier 1326:1332 Eu(3+) carrier 1319:1332 Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) 1319:1365 The AFM patterns of the PIMs changed when loaded with Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) while the regenerated membranes have displayed comparable morphologies. 24857898 3 49 from variation 668:676 arg1 concentration 707:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration 681:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum 681:781 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 1 50 theme Polymer 121:127 arg1 PIM 150:152 PIM 150:152 PIM 150:152 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 50 theme Polymer 121:127 arg1 membranes 139:147 Polymer inclusion membranes 121:147 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) 121:210 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 7 51 theme comparable 1414:1423 arg1 morphologies 1425:1436 comparable morphologies 1414:1436 comparable morphologies 1414:1436 The AFM patterns of the PIMs changed when loaded with Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) while the regenerated membranes have displayed comparable morphologies. 24857898 8 52 theme Diffusion 1439:1447 arg1 values 1461:1466 Diffusion coefficient values 1439:1466 Diffusion coefficient values 1439:1466 Diffusion coefficient values were experimentally obtained from the transport studies and were found to be 8.89×10(-8) cm(2)/s for Am(3+) transport. 24857898 8 53 theme Am 1569:1570 arg1 transport 1576:1584 Am(3+) transport 1569:1584 Am(3+) transport 1569:1584 Diffusion coefficient values were experimentally obtained from the transport studies and were found to be 8.89×10(-8) cm(2)/s for Am(3+) transport. 24857898 4 54 dep trend 905:909 arg1 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 2+ 937:938 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 4 54 dep trend 905:909 arg1 >UO2 932:935 Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2 912:935 the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+) 901:939 The uptake studies were carried out using feed solutions containing varying concentrations of nitric acid and showed the trend: Am(3+)>Pu(4+)>Th(4+)>UO2(2+). 24857898 1 55 theme inclusion 129:137 arg1 PIM 150:152 PIM 150:152 PIM 150:152 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 55 theme inclusion 129:137 arg1 membranes 139:147 Polymer inclusion membranes 121:147 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) 121:210 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 3 56 theme carrier 699:705 arg1 concentration 707:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration 681:719 the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum 681:781 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 1 57 theme N'-tetra-n-octyl 180:195 arg1 N 173:173 N 173:173 N 173:173 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 1 57 theme N'-tetra-n-octyl 180:195 arg1 diglycolamide 197:209 N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide 180:209 N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide 180:209 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 8 58 theme coefficient 1449:1459 arg1 values 1461:1466 Diffusion coefficient values 1439:1466 Diffusion coefficient values 1439:1466 Diffusion coefficient values were experimentally obtained from the transport studies and were found to be 8.89×10(-8) cm(2)/s for Am(3+) transport. 24857898 3 59 dep % 739:739 arg1 TODGA 741:745 TODGA 741:745 58% TODGA 737:745 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 24857898 0 60 contain containing 77:86 arg2 extractant 109:118 the carrier extractant 97:118 the carrier extractant 97:118 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 0 60 contain containing 77:86 arg2 TODGA 88:92 TODGA 88:92 TODGA 88:92 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 0 60 contain containing 77:86 arg1 membranes 67:75 polymer inclusion membranes 49:75 polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant 49:118 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 5 61 theme acid 1016:1019 arg1 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 1-3M 1056:1059 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 61 theme acid 1016:1019 arg1 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 varied 1048:1053 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 61 theme acid 1016:1019 arg1 concentration 1021:1033 nitric acid concentration 1009:1033 nitric acid concentration the feed 1009:1042 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 62 theme receiver 1072:1079 arg1 compartment 1081:1091 the receiver compartment 1068:1091 the receiver compartment 1068:1091 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 63 contain contained 1093:1101 arg1 compartment 1081:1091 the receiver compartment 1068:1091 the receiver compartment 1068:1091 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 63 contain contained 1093:1101 arg2 AHIBA 1135:1139 AHIBA 1135:1139 AHIBA 1135:1139 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 5 63 contain contained 1093:1101 arg2 acid 1129:1132 alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid 1103:1132 alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA) 1103:1140 Transport studies were carried out in a two-compartment cell where nitric acid concentration the feed was varied (1-3M) while the receiver compartment contained alpha-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (AHIBA). 24857898 1 64 dep acidic 311:316 arg1 feeds 318:322 feeds 318:322 feeds 318:322 Polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) were evaluated for the separation of actinide ions such as Am(3+), Pu(4+), UO2(2+) and Th(4+) from acidic feeds. 24857898 0 65 theme inclusion 57:65 arg1 membranes 67:75 polymer inclusion membranes 49:75 polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant 49:118 Comparative evaluation of actinide ion uptake by polymer inclusion membranes containing TODGA as the carrier extractant. 24857898 7 66 dep carrier 1326:1332 arg1 used 1335:1338 used 1335:1338 used as a surrogate for Am(3+) 1335:1364 The AFM patterns of the PIMs changed when loaded with Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) while the regenerated membranes have displayed comparable morphologies. 24857898 6 67 theme ion 1156:1158 arg1 efficiencies 1170:1181 The actinide ion transport efficiencies 1143:1181 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs 1143:1208 The actinide ion transport efficiencies with TODGA containing PIMs followed the same trend as seen in the uptake studies. 24857898 7 68 theme regenerated 1377:1387 arg1 membranes 1389:1397 the regenerated membranes 1373:1397 the regenerated membranes 1373:1397 The AFM patterns of the PIMs changed when loaded with Eu(3+) carrier (used as a surrogate for Am(3+)) while the regenerated membranes have displayed comparable morphologies. 24857898 3 69 theme studies 645:651 arg1 series 635:640 a series 633:640 a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum 633:781 The PIM composition was optimized by a series of studies which involved variation in the CTA, NPOE and carrier concentration which suggested 58% TODGA, 30% NPOE and 12% CTA to be optimum. 28756861 8 0 theme reaction 1145:1152 arg1 conditions 1154:1163 reaction conditions 1145:1163 reaction conditions 1145:1163 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 8 1 theme stabilization 1118:1130 arg1 factor 1132:1137 a very significant stabilization factor 1099:1137 a very significant stabilization factor 1099:1137 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 4 2 theme activity 588:595 arg1 loss 580:583 a dramatic loss 569:583 a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability 569:612 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 28756861 9 3 theme catalytic 1295:1303 arg1 activity 1305:1312 catalytic activity 1295:1312 catalytic activity 1295:1312 Unfortunately, this important enzyme rigidification led to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity. 28756861 3 4 attach present 339:345 arg1 study 329:333 this study 324:333 this study 324:333 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 3 4 attach present 339:345 arg2 we 336:337 we 336:337 we 336:337 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 8 5 theme covalent 1030:1037 arg1 immobilization 1039:1052 The multipoint covalent immobilization 1015:1052 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 1015:1088 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 11 6 theme UDP-glc 1533:1539 arg1 UDP-glc 1533:1539 UDP-glc 1533:1539 UDP-glc 1533:1539 This derivative could be used for 3 reaction cycles and yielded approximately 210mM of UDP-glc per cycle. 28756861 11 6 theme UDP-glc 1533:1539 arg1 210mM 1524:1528 210mM 1524:1528 210mM 1524:1528 This derivative could be used for 3 reaction cycles and yielded approximately 210mM of UDP-glc per cycle. 28756861 10 7 theme initial 1418:1424 arg1 activity 1436:1443 its initial catalytic activity 1414:1443 its initial catalytic activity 1414:1443 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 6 8 theme enzyme 871:876 arg1 subunits 878:885 several enzyme subunits 863:885 several enzyme subunits 863:885 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 4 9 theme stabilization 450:462 arg1 strategy 464:471 This stabilization strategy 445:471 This stabilization strategy 445:471 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 28756861 9 10 theme enzyme 1247:1252 arg1 rigidification 1254:1267 this important enzyme rigidification 1232:1267 this important enzyme rigidification 1232:1267 Unfortunately, this important enzyme rigidification led to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity. 28756861 0 11 from Immobilization-stabilization 0:27 arg1 europaea 88:95 Nitrosomonas europaea 75:95 Nitrosomonas europaea 75:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 8 12 theme SuSy 1057:1060 arg1 immobilization 1039:1052 The multipoint covalent immobilization 1015:1052 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 1015:1088 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 6 13 theme greatest 825:832 arg1 number 834:839 the greatest number 821:839 the greatest number of amino termini 821:856 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 2 14 theme continuous 288:297 arg1 recycling 299:307 the continuous recycling 284:307 the continuous recycling of UDP-glc 284:318 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 7 15 theme second 892:897 arg1 orientation 899:909 The second orientation 888:909 The second orientation 888:909 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 4 16 theme stability 604:612 arg1 loss 580:583 a dramatic loss 569:583 a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability 569:612 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 28756861 3 17 theme first 351:355 arg1 report 357:362 the first report 347:362 the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment 347:442 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 8 18 dep almost 1166:1171 arg1 stable 1188:1193 stable 1188:1193 stable 1188:1193 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 5 19 theme homotetrameric 619:632 arg1 SuSy 634:637 The homotetrameric SuSy 615:637 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) 615:673 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 11 20 used used 1471:1474 arg2 derivative 1451:1460 This derivative 1446:1460 This derivative 1446:1460 This derivative could be used for 3 reaction cycles and yielded approximately 210mM of UDP-glc per cycle. 28756861 8 21 theme glyoxyl 1065:1071 arg1 agarose 1073:1079 glyoxyl agarose 1065:1079 glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 1065:1088 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 7 22 theme enzyme 961:966 arg1 region 941:946 the region 937:946 the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues 937:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 10 23 theme activity 1436:1443 arg1 activity 1436:1443 its initial catalytic activity 1414:1443 its initial catalytic activity 1414:1443 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 10 23 theme activity 1436:1443 arg1 % 1409:1409 64% 1407:1409 64% of its initial catalytic activity 1407:1443 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 7 24 contain containing 968:977 arg1 enzyme 961:966 the whole enzyme 951:966 the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues 951:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 7 24 contain containing 968:977 arg2 number 991:996 the highest number 979:996 the highest number of Lys residues 979:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 4 25 theme multimeric 493:502 arg1 enzymes 504:510 multimeric enzymes 493:510 multimeric enzymes 493:510 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 28756861 0 26 theme sucrose 53:59 arg1 synthase 61:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase 32:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea 32:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 9 27 theme dramatic 1278:1285 arg1 loss 1287:1290 a dramatic loss 1276:1290 a dramatic loss of catalytic activity 1276:1312 Unfortunately, this important enzyme rigidification led to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity. 28756861 7 28 theme whole 955:959 arg1 enzyme 961:966 the whole enzyme 951:966 the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues 951:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 6 29 theme surface 797:803 arg1 area 805:808 the surface area 793:808 the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits 793:885 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 3 30 theme multipoint 413:422 arg1 attachment 433:442 multipoint covalent attachment 413:442 multipoint covalent attachment 413:442 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 3 31 theme immobilization-stabilization 371:398 arg1 report 357:362 the first report 347:362 the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment 347:442 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 5 32 from europaea 657:664 arg1 SuSy 634:637 The homotetrameric SuSy 615:637 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) 615:673 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 8 33 theme multipoint 1019:1028 arg1 immobilization 1039:1052 The multipoint covalent immobilization 1015:1052 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 1015:1088 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 1 34 theme UDP-glucose 111:121 arg1 Synthesis 98:106 Synthesis 98:106 Synthesis of UDP-glucose. 98:122 Synthesis of UDP-glucose. 28756861 3 35 theme covalent 424:431 arg1 attachment 433:442 multipoint covalent attachment 413:442 multipoint covalent attachment 413:442 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 2 36 used used 157:160 arg2 synthases 132:140 Sucrose synthases 124:140 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) 124:148 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 2 36 used used 157:160 arg2 SuSys 143:147 SuSys 143:147 SuSys 143:147 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 10 37 theme catalytic 1426:1434 arg1 activity 1436:1443 its initial catalytic activity 1414:1443 its initial catalytic activity 1414:1443 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 10 38 theme soluble 1383:1389 arg1 form 1391:1394 the soluble form 1379:1394 the soluble form 1379:1394 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 10 39 theme stabilized 1322:1331 arg1 stable 1367:1372 stable 1367:1372 stable 1367:1372 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 10 39 theme stabilized 1322:1331 arg1 conjugate 1333:1341 A less stabilized conjugate 1315:1341 A less stabilized conjugate 1315:1341 A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. 28756861 2 40 theme UDP-glc 312:318 arg1 recycling 299:307 the continuous recycling 284:307 the continuous recycling of UDP-glc 284:318 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 8 41 from immobilization 1039:1052 arg1 agarose 1073:1079 glyoxyl agarose 1065:1079 glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 1065:1088 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 2 42 theme 5'-diphosphate 199:212 arg1 UDP-glc 223:229 UDP-glc 223:229 UDP-glc 223:229 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 2 42 theme 5'-diphosphate 199:212 arg1 glucose 214:220 cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose 176:220 cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) 176:230 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 3 43 theme SuSy 405:408 arg1 immobilization-stabilization 371:398 the immobilization-stabilization 367:398 the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment 367:442 In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. 28756861 4 44 theme dramatic 571:578 arg1 loss 580:583 a dramatic loss 569:583 a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability 569:612 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 28756861 2 45 theme uridine 191:197 arg1 UDP-glc 223:229 UDP-glc 223:229 UDP-glc 223:229 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 2 45 theme uridine 191:197 arg1 glucose 214:220 cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose 176:220 cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) 176:230 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 0 46 theme multimeric 42:51 arg1 synthase 61:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase 32:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea 32:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 4 47 theme multipoint 535:544 arg1 attachment 546:555 a very intense multipoint attachment 520:555 a very intense multipoint attachment 520:555 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 28756861 5 48 theme different 732:740 arg1 orientations 742:753 two different orientations 728:753 two different orientations 728:753 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 2 49 theme cost-effective 176:189 arg1 UDP-glc 223:229 UDP-glc 223:229 UDP-glc 223:229 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 2 49 theme cost-effective 176:189 arg1 glucose 214:220 cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose 176:220 cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) 176:230 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 0 50 theme complex 34:40 arg1 synthase 61:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase 32:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea 32:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 12 51 theme polycationic 1597:1608 arg1 polyethyleneimine 1619:1635 polyethyleneimine 1619:1635 polyethyleneimine (PEI) 1619:1641 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 12 51 theme polycationic 1597:1608 arg1 polymer 1610:1616 a polycationic polymer 1595:1616 a polycationic polymer 1595:1616 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 2 52 theme Sucrose 124:130 arg1 SuSys 143:147 SuSys 143:147 SuSys 143:147 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 2 52 theme Sucrose 124:130 arg1 synthases 132:140 Sucrose synthases 124:140 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) 124:148 Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. 28756861 8 53 theme significant 1106:1116 arg1 factor 1132:1137 a very significant stabilization factor 1099:1137 a very significant stabilization factor 1099:1137 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 6 54 theme several 863:869 arg1 subunits 878:885 several enzyme subunits 863:885 several enzyme subunits 863:885 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 0 55 theme synthase 61:68 arg1 Immobilization-stabilization 0:27 Immobilization-stabilization 0:27 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea 0:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 5 56 theme Nitrosomonas 644:655 arg1 europaea 657:664 Nitrosomonas europaea 644:664 Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) 644:673 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 5 56 theme Nitrosomonas 644:655 arg1 SuSyNe 667:672 SuSyNe 667:672 SuSyNe 667:672 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 7 57 theme residues 1005:1012 arg1 number 991:996 the highest number 979:996 the highest number of Lys residues 979:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 0 58 from europaea 88:95 arg1 Immobilization-stabilization 0:27 Immobilization-stabilization 0:27 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea 0:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 0 58 from europaea 88:95 arg1 synthase 61:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase 32:68 a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea 32:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 12 59 theme organic 1692:1698 arg1 co-solvents 1700:1710 the organic co-solvents 1688:1710 the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy 1688:1778 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 12 60 theme apolar 1737:1742 arg1 antioxidants 1744:1755 apolar antioxidants 1737:1755 apolar antioxidants 1737:1755 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 5 61 theme glyoxyl 696:702 arg1 support 712:718 a glyoxyl agarose support 694:718 a glyoxyl agarose support 694:718 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 6 62 theme termini 850:856 arg1 number 834:839 the greatest number 821:839 the greatest number of amino termini 821:856 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 11 63 theme reaction 1482:1489 arg1 cycles 1491:1496 3 reaction cycles 1480:1496 3 reaction cycles 1480:1496 This derivative could be used for 3 reaction cycles and yielded approximately 210mM of UDP-glc per cycle. 28756861 5 64 theme agarose 704:710 arg1 support 712:718 a glyoxyl agarose support 694:718 a glyoxyl agarose support 694:718 The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. 28756861 6 65 theme amino 844:848 arg1 termini 850:856 amino termini 844:856 amino termini 844:856 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 8 66 dep provided 1090:1097 arg1 almost 1166:1171 almost 1166:1171 almost 1166:1171 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 12 67 theme necessary 1712:1720 arg1 co-solvents 1700:1710 the organic co-solvents 1688:1710 the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy 1688:1778 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 6 68 contain containing 810:819 arg2 number 834:839 the greatest number 821:839 the greatest number of amino termini 821:856 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 6 68 contain containing 810:819 arg1 area 805:808 the surface area 793:808 the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits 793:885 The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. 28756861 9 69 theme important 1237:1245 arg1 rigidification 1254:1267 this important enzyme rigidification 1232:1267 this important enzyme rigidification 1232:1267 Unfortunately, this important enzyme rigidification led to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity. 28756861 7 70 theme Lys 1001:1003 arg1 residues 1005:1012 Lys residues 1001:1012 Lys residues 1001:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 12 71 theme co-solvents 1700:1710 arg1 presence 1676:1683 the presence 1672:1683 the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy 1672:1778 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 12 72 theme optimal 1557:1563 arg1 biocatalyst 1565:1575 This optimal biocatalyst 1552:1575 This optimal biocatalyst 1552:1575 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 0 73 theme Nitrosomonas 75:86 arg1 europaea 88:95 Nitrosomonas europaea 75:95 Nitrosomonas europaea 75:95 Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. 28756861 9 74 theme activity 1305:1312 arg1 loss 1287:1290 a dramatic loss 1276:1290 a dramatic loss of catalytic activity 1276:1312 Unfortunately, this important enzyme rigidification led to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity. 28756861 8 75 from pH 1084:1085 arg1 agarose 1073:1079 glyoxyl agarose 1065:1079 glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 1065:1088 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 7 76 theme highest 983:989 arg1 number 991:996 the highest number 979:996 the highest number of Lys residues 979:1012 The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. 28756861 8 77 theme soluble 1200:1206 arg1 enzyme 1208:1213 soluble enzyme 1200:1213 soluble enzyme 1200:1213 The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). 28756861 12 78 gly glycosylate 1725:1735 arg1 antioxidants 1744:1755 apolar antioxidants 1737:1755 apolar antioxidants 1737:1755 This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy. 28756861 4 79 theme intense 527:533 arg1 attachment 546:555 a very intense multipoint attachment 520:555 a very intense multipoint attachment 520:555 This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. 25462960 0 0 theme hyacinth 70:77 arg1 bulbs 61:65 bulbs 61:65 bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) 61:101 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 7 1 theme rhamnose 1007:1014 arg1 amounts 988:994 small amounts 982:994 small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 982:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 1 theme rhamnose 1007:1014 arg1 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 1 theme rhamnose 1007:1014 arg1 acids 1027:1031 uronic acids 1020:1031 uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 1020:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 1 theme rhamnose 1007:1014 arg1 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 6 2 theme mass 642:645 arg1 distribution 647:658 Molecular mass distribution 632:658 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography 632:717 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 7 3 dep % 965:965 arg1 ca. 959:961 ca. 959:961 ca. 959:961 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 0 4 from regulation 9:18 arg1 bulbs 61:65 bulbs 61:65 bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) 61:101 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 5 5 theme Simultaneous 558:569 arg1 application 571:581 Simultaneous application 558:581 Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon 558:603 Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon further enhanced gummosis. 25462960 6 6 theme molecular 798:806 arg1 weight 808:813 an average molecular weight 787:813 an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa 787:826 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 0 7 theme Hyacinthus 80:89 arg1 hyacinth 70:77 hyacinth 70:77 hyacinth 70:77 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 0 7 theme Hyacinthus 80:89 arg1 orientalis 91:100 Hyacinthus orientalis 80:100 Hyacinthus orientalis 80:100 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 7 8 theme fucose 999:1004 arg1 amounts 988:994 small amounts 982:994 small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 982:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 8 theme fucose 999:1004 arg1 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 8 theme fucose 999:1004 arg1 acids 1027:1031 uronic acids 1020:1031 uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 1020:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 8 theme fucose 999:1004 arg1 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 3 9 from gummosis 453:460 arg1 bulbs 474:478 hyacinth bulbs 465:478 hyacinth bulbs 465:478 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 9 10 theme bulbous 1522:1528 arg1 plants 1530:1535 bulbous plants 1522:1535 bulbous plants 1522:1535 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 9 11 from studies 1336:1342 arg1 tulips 1347:1352 tulips 1347:1352 tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) 1347:1372 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 9 11 from studies 1336:1342 arg1 gesneriana 1362:1371 Tulipa gesneriana 1355:1371 Tulipa gesneriana 1355:1371 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 9 11 from studies 1336:1342 arg1 grape 1378:1382 grape hyacinth 1378:1391 grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) 1378:1412 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 2 12 theme hormonal 252:259 arg1 regulation 261:270 the hormonal regulation 248:270 the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs 248:326 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 6 13 theme Molecular 632:640 arg1 distribution 647:658 Molecular mass distribution 632:658 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography 632:717 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 9 14 theme Tulipa 1355:1360 arg1 tulips 1347:1352 tulips 1347:1352 tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) 1347:1372 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 9 14 theme Tulipa 1355:1360 arg1 gesneriana 1362:1371 Tulipa gesneriana 1355:1371 Tulipa gesneriana 1355:1371 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 4 15 from % 512:512 arg1 JA-Me 499:503 JA-Me 499:503 JA-Me 499:503 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis as well. 25462960 4 15 from % 512:512 arg1 jasmonate 488:496 Methyl jasmonate 481:496 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) 481:530 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis as well. 25462960 8 16 theme pectic 1220:1225 arg1 arabinogalactans 1227:1242 pectic arabinogalactans 1220:1242 pectic arabinogalactans 1220:1242 These results indicate that jasmonates (JAs) interact with ethylene to stimulate sugar metabolism, producing pectic arabinogalactans, and vice versa, leading to gummosis. 25462960 8 17 theme sugar 1192:1196 arg1 metabolism 1198:1207 sugar metabolism 1192:1207 sugar metabolism 1192:1207 These results indicate that jasmonates (JAs) interact with ethylene to stimulate sugar metabolism, producing pectic arabinogalactans, and vice versa, leading to gummosis. 25462960 6 18 theme 30kDa 822:826 arg1 weight 808:813 an average molecular weight 787:813 an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa 787:826 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 7 19 dep acids 1027:1031 arg1 % 1039:1039 5% 1038:1039 5% 1038:1039 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 20 theme gums 870:873 arg1 composition 851:861 the sugar composition 841:861 the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis 841:890 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 0 21 theme Hormonal 0:7 arg1 regulation 9:18 Hormonal regulation 0:18 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 0:102 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 7 22 dep % 941:941 arg1 ca. 935:937 ca. 935:937 ca. 935:937 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 1 23 theme Fusarium 155:162 arg1 oxysporum 164:172 Fusarium oxysporum 155:172 Fusarium oxysporum 155:172 Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum showed the symptoms of gummosis. 25462960 6 24 theme ca. 818:820 arg1 30kDa 822:826 ca. 30kDa 818:826 ca. 30kDa 818:826 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 9 25 theme plants 1530:1535 arg1 species 1511:1517 species 1511:1517 species of bulbous plants 1511:1535 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 2 26 from bulbs 322:326 arg1 gummosis 275:282 gummosis 275:282 gummosis 275:282 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 2 26 from bulbs 322:326 arg1 regulation 261:270 the hormonal regulation 248:270 the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs 248:326 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 2 26 from bulbs 322:326 arg1 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 2 27 theme composition 288:298 arg1 regulation 261:270 the hormonal regulation 248:270 the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs 248:326 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 3 28 theme ethylene-releasing 392:409 arg1 compound 411:418 an ethylene-releasing compound 389:418 an ethylene-releasing compound 389:418 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 3 28 theme ethylene-releasing 392:409 arg1 ethephon 348:355 ethephon 348:355 ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) 348:386 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 3 29 theme 2-chloroethylphosphonic 358:380 arg1 ethephon 348:355 ethephon 348:355 ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) 348:386 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 3 29 theme 2-chloroethylphosphonic 358:380 arg1 acid 382:385 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 358:385 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 358:385 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 7 30 theme small 982:986 arg1 amounts 988:994 small amounts 982:994 small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 982:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 30 theme small 982:986 arg1 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 30 theme small 982:986 arg1 acids 1027:1031 uronic acids 1020:1031 uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 1020:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 30 theme small 982:986 arg1 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 9 31 dep grape 1378:1382 arg1 armeniacum 1402:1411 Muscari armeniacum 1394:1411 Muscari armeniacum 1394:1411 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 7 32 dep % 1039:1039 arg1 ca. 1034:1036 ca. 1034:1036 ca. 1034:1036 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 0 33 theme gummosis 23:30 arg1 regulation 9:18 Hormonal regulation 0:18 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 0:102 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 6 34 theme permeation 693:702 arg1 chromatography 704:717 gel permeation chromatography 689:717 gel permeation chromatography 689:717 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 2 35 theme gummosis 275:282 arg1 regulation 261:270 the hormonal regulation 248:270 the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs 248:326 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 6 36 with polysaccharides 766:780 arg1 weight 808:813 an average molecular weight 787:813 an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa 787:826 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 3 37 theme ethephon 348:355 arg1 application 333:343 The application 329:343 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) 329:443 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 0 38 theme composition 36:46 arg1 regulation 9:18 Hormonal regulation 0:18 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 0:102 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 9 39 theme previous 1327:1334 arg1 studies 1336:1342 our previous studies 1323:1342 our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) 1323:1412 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 9 40 theme sugar 1429:1433 arg1 metabolism 1435:1444 sugar metabolism 1429:1444 sugar metabolism 1429:1444 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 7 41 theme uronic 1020:1025 arg1 acids 1027:1031 uronic acids 1020:1031 uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 1020:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 0 42 from bulbs 61:65 arg1 composition 36:46 composition 36:46 composition 36:46 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 0 42 from bulbs 61:65 arg1 gummosis 23:30 gummosis 23:30 gummosis 23:30 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 0 42 from bulbs 61:65 arg1 regulation 9:18 Hormonal regulation 0:18 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 0:102 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 6 43 theme gel 689:691 arg1 chromatography 704:717 gel permeation chromatography 689:717 gel permeation chromatography 689:717 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 1 44 theme gummosis 197:204 arg1 symptoms 185:192 the symptoms 181:192 the symptoms of gummosis 181:204 Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum showed the symptoms of gummosis. 25462960 0 45 theme gums 51:54 arg1 composition 36:46 composition 36:46 composition 36:46 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 0 45 theme gums 51:54 arg1 gummosis 23:30 gummosis 23:30 gummosis 23:30 Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). 25462960 5 46 theme JA-Me 586:590 arg1 application 571:581 Simultaneous application 558:581 Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon 558:603 Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon further enhanced gummosis. 25462960 6 47 theme average 790:796 arg1 weight 808:813 an average molecular weight 787:813 an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa 787:826 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 3 48 from % 425:425 arg1 application 333:343 The application 329:343 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) 329:443 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 7 49 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 amounts 988:994 small amounts 982:994 small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 982:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 49 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 rhamnose 1007:1014 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 49 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 acids 1027:1031 uronic acids 1020:1031 uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively) 1020:1054 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 49 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 fucose 999:1004 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 9 50 theme hormonal 1450:1457 arg1 regulation 1459:1468 hormonal regulation 1450:1468 hormonal regulation 1450:1468 These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants. 25462960 4 51 dep % 512:512 arg1 w/w 515:517 w/w 515:517 w/w 515:517 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis as well. 25462960 7 52 theme sugar 845:849 arg1 composition 851:861 the sugar composition 841:861 the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis 841:890 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 4 53 theme Methyl 481:486 arg1 JA-Me 499:503 JA-Me 499:503 JA-Me 499:503 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis as well. 25462960 4 53 theme Methyl 481:486 arg1 jasmonate 488:496 Methyl jasmonate 481:496 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) 481:530 Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis as well. 25462960 5 54 theme ethephon 596:603 arg1 application 571:581 Simultaneous application 558:581 Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon 558:603 Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon further enhanced gummosis. 25462960 3 55 from w/w 428:430 arg1 lanolin 436:442 lanolin 436:442 lanolin 436:442 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 2 56 theme gums 303:306 arg1 gummosis 275:282 gummosis 275:282 gummosis 275:282 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 2 56 theme gums 303:306 arg1 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 7 57 theme composition 851:861 arg1 Analysis 829:836 Analysis 829:836 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis 829:890 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 6 58 theme gums 672:675 arg1 distribution 647:658 Molecular mass distribution 632:658 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography 632:717 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 3 59 dep % 425:425 arg1 w/w 428:430 w/w 428:430 w/w 428:430 The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 1 60 theme Hyacinthus 114:123 arg1 bulbs 137:141 Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs 104:141 Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum 104:172 Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum showed the symptoms of gummosis. 25462960 1 60 theme Hyacinthus 114:123 arg1 orientalis 125:134 Hyacinthus orientalis 114:134 Hyacinthus orientalis 114:134 Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum showed the symptoms of gummosis. 25462960 2 61 from regulation 261:270 arg1 bulbs 322:326 hyacinth bulbs 313:326 hyacinth bulbs 313:326 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 6 62 theme homogenous 755:764 arg1 gums 738:741 the gums 734:741 the gums 734:741 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 6 62 theme homogenous 755:764 arg1 polysaccharides 766:780 mainly homogenous polysaccharides 748:780 mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa 748:826 Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. 25462960 2 63 theme study 227:231 arg1 purpose 211:217 The purpose 207:217 The purpose of this study 207:231 The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. 25462960 7 64 theme pectic 1086:1091 arg1 gums 1077:1080 the gums 1073:1080 the gums 1073:1080 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 25462960 7 64 theme pectic 1086:1091 arg1 arabinogalactans 1093:1108 pectic arabinogalactans 1086:1108 pectic arabinogalactans 1086:1108 Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. 27054801 0 0 theme 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 77:102 arg1 Nanofibers 105:114 Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers 52:114 Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers 52:114 Biointerface by Cell Growth on Graphene Oxide Doped Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers. 27054801 3 1 theme functional 557:566 arg1 groups 568:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 4 2 theme nanofiber 642:650 arg1 use 620:622 the use 616:622 the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells 616:702 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 2 3 theme in 410:411 arg1 polymerization 430:443 the in situ interfacial polymerization 406:443 the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO 406:474 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 4 4 theme composite 632:640 arg1 nanofiber 642:650 this composite nanofiber 627:650 this composite nanofiber 627:650 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 0 5 from Biointerface 0:11 arg1 Oxide 40:44 Graphene Oxide 31:44 Graphene Oxide 31:44 Biointerface by Cell Growth on Graphene Oxide Doped Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers. 27054801 4 6 dep cell 833:836 arg1 orientation 838:848 orientation 838:848 orientation 838:848 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 2 7 dep in 410:411 arg1 situ 413:416 situ 413:416 situ 413:416 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 8 theme oxide 340:344 arg1 nanofibers 370:379 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 4 9 theme native 782:787 arg1 ECM 811:813 ECM 811:813 ECM 811:813 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 4 9 theme native 782:787 arg1 matrix 803:808 the native extracellular matrix 778:808 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 778:814 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 3 10 theme film 545:548 arg1 groups 568:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 1 11 with materials 147:155 arg1 electroactivity 172:186 excellent electroactivity 162:186 excellent electroactivity 162:186 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity are increasingly meaningful to biointerfaces and the development of biomedicine. 27054801 4 12 theme neural 691:696 arg1 cells 698:702 PC12 neural cells 686:702 PC12 neural cells 686:702 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 2 13 theme /graphene 330:338 arg1 oxide 340:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide 277:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 13 theme /graphene 330:338 arg1 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 3 14 theme free 490:493 arg1 carboxyl 495:502 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups 477:521 carboxyl 495:502 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 4 15 theme cells 907:911 arg1 stimulation 887:897 electrical stimulation 876:897 electrical stimulation of PC12 cells 876:911 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 4 16 theme resultant 712:720 arg1 scaffold 732:739 this resultant nanofiber scaffold 707:739 this resultant nanofiber scaffold 707:739 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 3 17 theme surface 579:585 arg1 modification 587:598 surface modification 579:598 surface modification 579:598 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 2 18 theme PEDOT 448:452 arg1 polymerization 430:443 the in situ interfacial polymerization 406:443 the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO 406:474 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 19 theme composite 360:368 arg1 nanofibers 370:379 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 3 20 theme abundant 481:488 arg1 carboxyl 495:502 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups 477:521 carboxyl 495:502 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 4 21 theme matrix 803:808 arg1 structure 765:773 the structure 761:773 the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 761:814 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 5 22 theme biological 1010:1019 arg1 medicine 1038:1045 biological and regenerative medicine 1010:1045 biological and regenerative medicine 1010:1045 It is expected that this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material will find potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine. 27054801 4 23 theme cells 698:702 arg1 stimulation 671:681 the electrical stimulation 656:681 the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells 656:702 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 0 24 theme Cell 16:19 arg1 Growth 21:26 Cell Growth 16:26 Cell Growth 16:26 Biointerface by Cell Growth on Graphene Oxide Doped Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers. 27054801 5 25 theme regenerative 1025:1036 arg1 medicine 1038:1045 biological and regenerative medicine 1010:1045 biological and regenerative medicine 1010:1045 It is expected that this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material will find potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine. 27054801 2 26 theme GO 473:474 arg1 doping 463:468 the doping 459:468 the doping of GO 459:474 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 0 27 theme Graphene 31:38 arg1 Oxide 40:44 Graphene Oxide 31:44 Graphene Oxide 31:44 Biointerface by Cell Growth on Graphene Oxide Doped Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers. 27054801 3 28 theme active 550:555 arg1 groups 568:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 2 29 theme bacterial 277:285 arg1 oxide 340:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide 277:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 29 theme bacterial 277:285 arg1 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 5 30 theme biocompatible 939:951 arg1 material 965:972 this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material 934:972 this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material 934:972 It is expected that this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material will find potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine. 27054801 4 31 theme nanofiber 722:730 arg1 scaffold 732:739 this resultant nanofiber scaffold 707:739 this resultant nanofiber scaffold 707:739 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 4 32 theme electrical 876:885 arg1 stimulation 887:897 electrical stimulation 876:897 electrical stimulation of PC12 cells 876:911 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 1 33 theme biomedicine 256:266 arg1 biointerfaces 219:231 biointerfaces 219:231 biointerfaces 219:231 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity are increasingly meaningful to biointerfaces and the development of biomedicine. 27054801 1 33 theme biomedicine 256:266 arg1 development 241:251 the development 237:251 the development of biomedicine 237:266 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity are increasingly meaningful to biointerfaces and the development of biomedicine. 27054801 5 34 theme BC/PEDOT/GO 953:963 arg1 material 965:972 this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material 934:972 this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material 934:972 It is expected that this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material will find potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine. 27054801 4 35 theme PC12 902:905 arg1 cells 907:911 PC12 cells 902:911 PC12 cells 902:911 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 1 36 theme biocompatible 124:136 arg1 materials 147:155 Highly biocompatible advanced materials 117:155 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity 117:186 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity are increasingly meaningful to biointerfaces and the development of biomedicine. 27054801 1 37 theme advanced 138:145 arg1 materials 147:155 Highly biocompatible advanced materials 117:155 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity 117:186 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity are increasingly meaningful to biointerfaces and the development of biomedicine. 27054801 5 38 from applications 994:1005 arg1 medicine 1038:1045 biological and regenerative medicine 1010:1045 biological and regenerative medicine 1010:1045 It is expected that this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material will find potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine. 27054801 2 39 theme dioxythiophene 315:328 arg1 oxide 340:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide 277:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 39 theme dioxythiophene 315:328 arg1 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 4 40 theme extracellular 789:801 arg1 ECM 811:813 ECM 811:813 ECM 811:813 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 4 40 theme extracellular 789:801 arg1 matrix 803:808 the native extracellular matrix 778:808 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 778:814 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 5 41 theme potential 984:992 arg1 applications 994:1005 potential applications 984:1005 potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine 984:1045 It is expected that this biocompatible BC/PEDOT/GO material will find potential applications in biological and regenerative medicine. 27054801 2 42 theme 3,4-ethylene 302:313 arg1 oxide 340:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide 277:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 42 theme 3,4-ethylene 302:313 arg1 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 3 43 theme BC/PEDOT/GO 533:543 arg1 groups 568:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups 529:573 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 4 44 theme electrical 660:669 arg1 stimulation 671:681 the electrical stimulation 656:681 the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells 656:702 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 0 45 theme Cellulose/Poly 62:75 arg1 Nanofibers 105:114 Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers 52:114 Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers 52:114 Biointerface by Cell Growth on Graphene Oxide Doped Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers. 27054801 3 46 theme hydroxy 508:514 arg1 groups 516:521 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups 477:521 groups 516:521 The abundant free carboxyl and hydroxy groups offer the BC/PEDOT/GO film active functional groups for surface modification. 27054801 1 47 theme excellent 162:170 arg1 electroactivity 172:186 excellent electroactivity 162:186 excellent electroactivity 162:186 Highly biocompatible advanced materials with excellent electroactivity are increasingly meaningful to biointerfaces and the development of biomedicine. 27054801 4 48 theme PC12 686:689 arg1 cells 698:702 PC12 neural cells 686:702 PC12 neural cells 686:702 We demonstrate the use of this composite nanofiber for the electrical stimulation of PC12 neural cells as this resultant nanofiber scaffold could closely mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with a promoting cell orientation and differentiation after electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. 27054801 0 49 theme Bacterial 52:60 arg1 Nanofibers 105:114 Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers 52:114 Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers 52:114 Biointerface by Cell Growth on Graphene Oxide Doped Bacterial Cellulose/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofibers. 27054801 2 50 with PEDOT 448:452 arg1 doping 463:468 the doping 459:468 the doping of GO 459:474 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 51 theme cellulose/poly 287:300 arg1 oxide 340:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide 277:344 bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers 277:379 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 51 theme cellulose/poly 287:300 arg1 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 BC/PEDOT/GO 347:357 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 27054801 2 52 theme interfacial 418:428 arg1 polymerization 430:443 the in situ interfacial polymerization 406:443 the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO 406:474 Herein, bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (BC/PEDOT/GO) composite nanofibers were synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization of PEDOT with the doping of GO. 25463790 8 0 from bran 1198:1201 arg1 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides 1159:1187 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides 1159:1187 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods 1159:1249 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 8 1 used used 1143:1146 arg2 pretreatment 1088:1099 heat pretreatment 1083:1099 heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis 1083:1134 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 6 2 theme unsubstituted 837:849 arg1 xylooligosaccharides 877:896 unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides 837:896 unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides 837:896 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 7 3 theme w/w 1071:1073 arg1 % 1070:1070 40%w/w 1068:1073 40%w/w 1068:1073 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 3 4 theme Rye 364:366 arg1 bran 368:371 Rye bran 364:371 Rye bran 364:371 Rye bran was heat pretreated to improve xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of arabinoxylan into arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides. 25463790 3 5 dep pretreated 382:391 arg1 heat 377:380 heat 377:380 heat 377:380 Rye bran was heat pretreated to improve xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of arabinoxylan into arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides. 25463790 7 6 theme main 995:998 arg1 yield 932:936 a higher yield 923:936 a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose 923:986 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 6 theme main 995:998 arg1 product 1000:1006 the main product 991:1006 the main product 991:1006 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 7 theme higher 925:930 arg1 yield 932:936 a higher yield 923:936 a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose 923:986 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 7 theme higher 925:930 arg1 product 1000:1006 the main product 991:1006 the main product 991:1006 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 4 8 theme proteins 518:525 arg1 removal 496:502 Enzymatic removal 486:502 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment 486:559 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment increased the purity, although at lower yield. 25463790 7 9 theme main 1043:1046 arg1 xylobiose 1009:1017 xylobiose 1009:1017 xylobiose 1009:1017 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 9 theme main 1043:1046 arg1 products 1048:1055 the main products 1039:1055 the main products 1039:1055 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 9 theme main 1043:1046 arg1 xylotriose 1023:1032 xylotriose 1023:1032 xylotriose 1023:1032 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 0 10 theme conditions 117:126 arg1 combination 94:104 a combination 92:104 a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase 92:147 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 7 11 with oligosaccharides 947:962 arg1 xylobiose 978:986 xylobiose 978:986 xylobiose 978:986 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 5 12 theme % 650:650 arg1 content 671:677 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content 648:677 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content after ethanol precipitation 648:705 The most attractive process resulted in 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content after ethanol precipitation. 25463790 2 13 theme potential 286:294 arg1 application 296:306 the potential application 282:306 the potential application in foods 282:315 Due to the potential application in foods, the purity of arabinoxylan was also assessed. 25463790 3 14 theme arabinoxylan 437:448 arg1 hydrolysis 423:432 xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis 404:432 xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of arabinoxylan into arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides 404:483 Rye bran was heat pretreated to improve xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of arabinoxylan into arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides. 25463790 7 15 with products 1048:1055 arg1 GH11 1062:1065 GH11 1062:1065 GH11 1062:1065 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 0 16 theme process 109:115 arg1 conditions 117:126 process conditions 109:126 process conditions 109:126 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 8 17 from useful 1224:1229 arg1 foods 1245:1249 functional foods 1234:1249 functional foods 1234:1249 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 8 18 theme rye 1194:1196 arg1 bran 1198:1201 rye bran 1194:1201 rye bran 1194:1201 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 6 19 theme glycoside 733:741 arg1 families 753:760 two glycoside hydrolase families 729:760 two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11) 729:812 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 1 20 theme arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide 171:198 arg1 production 200:209 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production 171:209 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis 171:272 The aim was to study arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25463790 8 21 theme heat 1083:1086 arg1 pretreatment 1088:1099 heat pretreatment 1083:1099 heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis 1083:1134 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 4 22 theme lower 595:599 arg1 yield 601:605 lower yield 595:605 lower yield 595:605 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment increased the purity, although at lower yield. 25463790 5 23 theme arabinoxylan 658:669 arg1 content 671:677 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content 648:677 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content after ethanol precipitation 648:705 The most attractive process resulted in 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content after ethanol precipitation. 25463790 5 24 theme attractive 617:626 arg1 process 628:634 The most attractive process 608:634 The most attractive process 608:634 The most attractive process resulted in 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content after ethanol precipitation. 25463790 0 25 theme composition 63:73 arg1 mixtures 43:50 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures 14:50 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran 14:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 0 26 theme mixtures 43:50 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 0:148 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 6 27 dep families 753:760 arg1 RmXyn10A 763:770 RmXyn10A 763:770 RmXyn10A 763:770 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 0 28 theme type 132:135 arg1 combination 94:104 a combination 92:104 a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase 92:147 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 6 29 theme different 815:823 arg1 mixtures 825:832 different mixtures 815:832 different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides 815:896 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 0 30 theme arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide 14:41 arg1 mixtures 43:50 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures 14:50 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran 14:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 6 31 from families 753:760 arg1 xylanases 714:722 xylanases 714:722 xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11) 714:812 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 1 32 theme rye 216:218 arg1 bran 220:223 rye bran 216:223 rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis 216:272 The aim was to study arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25463790 0 33 theme varying 55:61 arg1 composition 63:73 varying composition 55:73 varying composition from rye bran 55:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 6 34 theme hydrolase 743:751 arg1 families 753:760 two glycoside hydrolase families 729:760 two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11) 729:812 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 0 35 theme xylanase 140:147 arg1 type 132:135 type 132:135 type 132:135 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 0 35 theme xylanase 140:147 arg1 conditions 117:126 process conditions 109:126 process conditions 109:126 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 4 36 theme Enzymatic 486:494 arg1 removal 496:502 Enzymatic removal 486:502 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment 486:559 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment increased the purity, although at lower yield. 25463790 7 37 theme oligosaccharides 947:962 arg1 yield 932:936 a higher yield 923:936 a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose 923:986 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 37 theme oligosaccharides 947:962 arg1 product 1000:1006 the main product 991:1006 the main product 991:1006 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 0 38 from bran 84:87 arg1 mixtures 43:50 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures 14:50 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran 14:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 0 38 from bran 84:87 arg1 composition 63:73 varying composition 55:73 varying composition from rye bran 55:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 1 39 from bran 220:223 arg1 production 200:209 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production 171:209 arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis 171:272 The aim was to study arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25463790 8 40 theme functional 1234:1243 arg1 foods 1245:1249 functional foods 1234:1249 functional foods 1234:1249 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 7 41 dep products 1048:1055 arg1 % 1070:1070 40%w/w 1068:1073 40%w/w 1068:1073 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 6 42 theme Mono 795:798 arg1 BG 800:801 Pentopan Mono BG 786:801 Pentopan Mono BG 786:801 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 3 43 theme xylanase-catalyzed 404:421 arg1 hydrolysis 423:432 xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis 404:432 xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of arabinoxylan into arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides 404:483 Rye bran was heat pretreated to improve xylanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of arabinoxylan into arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides. 25463790 4 44 theme heat 543:546 arg1 pretreatment 548:559 heat pretreatment 543:559 heat pretreatment 543:559 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment increased the purity, although at lower yield. 25463790 5 45 theme ethanol 685:691 arg1 precipitation 693:705 ethanol precipitation 685:705 ethanol precipitation 685:705 The most attractive process resulted in 62% (w/w) arabinoxylan content after ethanol precipitation. 25463790 6 46 theme Pentopan 786:793 arg1 BG 800:801 Pentopan Mono BG 786:801 Pentopan Mono BG 786:801 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 4 47 theme starch 507:512 arg1 removal 496:502 Enzymatic removal 486:502 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment 486:559 Enzymatic removal of starch and proteins before or after heat pretreatment increased the purity, although at lower yield. 25463790 7 48 theme w/w 968:970 arg1 oligosaccharides 947:962 short oligosaccharides 941:962 short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose 941:986 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 48 theme w/w 968:970 arg1 % 967:967 60%w/w 965:970 60%w/w 965:970 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 8 49 theme enzymatic 1115:1123 arg1 hydrolysis 1125:1134 enzymatic hydrolysis 1115:1134 enzymatic hydrolysis 1115:1134 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 6 50 theme xylooligosaccharides 877:896 arg1 mixtures 825:832 different mixtures 815:832 different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides 815:896 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 8 51 from foods 1245:1249 arg1 useful 1224:1229 useful 1224:1229 useful 1224:1229 Thus, heat pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to produce arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from rye bran that are potentially useful in functional foods. 25463790 2 52 theme arabinoxylan 332:343 arg1 purity 322:327 the purity 318:327 the purity of arabinoxylan 318:343 Due to the potential application in foods, the purity of arabinoxylan was also assessed. 25463790 1 53 theme heat 231:234 arg1 pretreatment 236:247 heat pretreatment 231:247 heat pretreatment 231:247 The aim was to study arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25463790 6 54 theme arabinose-substituted 855:875 arg1 xylooligosaccharides 877:896 unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides 837:896 unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides 837:896 Using xylanases from two glycoside hydrolase families (RmXyn10A from GH10 and Pentopan Mono BG from GH11), different mixtures of unsubstituted and arabinose-substituted xylooligosaccharides were produced. 25463790 7 55 theme short 941:945 arg1 oligosaccharides 947:962 short oligosaccharides 941:962 short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose 941:986 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 7 55 theme short 941:945 arg1 % 967:967 60%w/w 965:970 60%w/w 965:970 GH10 gave a higher yield of short oligosaccharides (60%w/w) with xylobiose as the main product; xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products with GH11 (40%w/w). 25463790 2 56 from application 296:306 arg1 foods 311:315 foods 311:315 foods 311:315 Due to the potential application in foods, the purity of arabinoxylan was also assessed. 25463790 0 57 theme rye 80:82 arg1 bran 84:87 rye bran 80:87 rye bran 80:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 0 58 from mixtures 43:50 arg1 bran 84:87 rye bran 80:87 rye bran 80:87 Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by a combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. 25463790 1 59 theme enzymatic 253:261 arg1 hydrolysis 263:272 enzymatic hydrolysis 253:272 enzymatic hydrolysis 253:272 The aim was to study arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide production from rye bran using heat pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. 26784979 2 0 theme calcium 418:424 arg1 phosphate 426:434 calcium phosphate 418:434 calcium phosphate 418:434 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 2 1 theme investigated 515:526 arg1 materials 538:546 the most investigated composite materials 506:546 the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing 506:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 4 2 theme X-ray 982:986 arg1 XRD 1001:1003 XRD 1001:1003 XRD 1001:1003 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 2 theme X-ray 982:986 arg1 Fourier 1007:1013 Fourier 1007:1013 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy 1007:1149 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 2 theme X-ray 982:986 arg1 diffraction 988:998 X-ray diffraction 982:998 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 982:1004 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 2 3 theme most 510:513 arg1 materials 538:546 the most investigated composite materials 506:546 the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing 506:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 3 4 theme 1:3 876:878 arg1 ratio 867:871 HA mass ratio 859:871 HA mass ratio of 1:3 859:878 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 1 5 theme prolonged 144:152 arg1 systems 167:173 prolonged drug release systems 144:173 prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways 144:362 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 1 6 theme intact 218:223 arg1 area 236:239 the target area 225:239 intact the target area 218:239 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 2 7 theme natural 459:465 arg1 polymer 467:473 a natural polymer 457:473 a natural polymer 457:473 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 4 8 theme UV-vis 1131:1136 arg1 spectroscopy 1138:1149 UV-vis spectroscopy 1131:1149 UV-vis spectroscopy 1131:1149 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 3 9 theme Alg/HA/AA 889:897 arg1 Alg 904:906 Alg 904:906 Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1 904:927 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 9 theme Alg/HA/AA 889:897 arg1 3:1 899:901 (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 885:901 (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1) 885:928 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 0 10 theme ascorbic 87:94 arg1 acid 96:99 ascorbic acid 87:99 ascorbic acid 87:99 New composite materials based on alginate and hydroxyapatite as potential carriers for ascorbic acid. 26784979 2 11 theme due 573:575 arg1 applications 560:571 medical applications 552:571 medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing 552:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 4 12 theme synthesized 935:945 arg1 materials 947:955 The synthesized materials 931:955 The synthesized materials 931:955 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 1 13 theme target 229:234 arg1 area 236:239 the target area 225:239 intact the target area 218:239 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 1 14 theme active 309:314 arg1 component 316:324 the active component 305:324 the active component 305:324 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 2 15 theme medical 552:558 arg1 applications 560:571 medical applications 552:571 medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing 552:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 1 16 theme drug 154:157 arg1 systems 167:173 prolonged drug release systems 144:173 prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways 144:362 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 1 17 theme component 316:324 arg1 administration 287:300 the administration 283:300 the administration of the active component 283:324 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 2 18 theme biological 605:614 arg1 testing 616:622 biological testing 605:622 biological testing 605:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 3 19 dep 3:1 899:901 arg1 c 886:886 c 886:886 c 886:886 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 20 dep 1:3 850:852 arg1 Alg 855:857 Alg 855:857 Alg 855:857 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 20 dep 1:3 850:852 arg1 b 837:837 b 837:837 b 837:837 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 1 21 theme release 159:165 arg1 systems 167:173 prolonged drug release systems 144:173 prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways 144:362 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 0 22 theme composite 4:12 arg1 materials 14:22 New composite materials 0:22 New composite materials 0:22 New composite materials based on alginate and hydroxyapatite as potential carriers for ascorbic acid. 26784979 4 23 theme drug 1109:1112 arg1 process 1122:1128 the drug release process 1105:1128 the drug release process 1105:1128 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 2 24 theme materials 538:546 arg1 materials 538:546 the most investigated composite materials 506:546 the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing 506:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 2 24 theme materials 538:546 arg1 one 499:501 one 499:501 one 499:501 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 3 25 with composites 684:693 arg1 ratios 710:715 different ratios 700:715 different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite 700:751 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 0 26 theme New 0:2 arg1 materials 14:22 New composite materials 0:22 New composite materials 0:22 New composite materials based on alginate and hydroxyapatite as potential carriers for ascorbic acid. 26784979 2 27 theme composite 528:536 arg1 materials 538:546 the most investigated composite materials 506:546 the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing 506:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 3 28 theme mass 911:914 arg1 ratio 916:920 HA mass ratio 908:920 Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1 904:927 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 29 dep Alg 855:857 arg1 ratio 867:871 HA mass ratio 859:871 HA mass ratio of 1:3 859:878 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 2 30 dep used 393:396 arg1 bioactivity 625:635 bioactivity 625:635 bioactivity 625:635 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 2 30 dep used 393:396 arg1 osteoconductivity 659:675 osteoconductivity 659:675 osteoconductivity 659:675 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 2 30 dep used 393:396 arg1 biocompatibility 638:653 biocompatibility 638:653 biocompatibility 638:653 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 3 31 theme different 700:708 arg1 ratios 710:715 different ratios 700:715 different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite 700:751 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 2 32 theme positive 584:591 arg1 response 593:600 its positive response 580:600 its positive response to biological testing 580:622 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 3 33 dep 1:1 782:784 arg1 a 769:769 a 769:769 a 769:769 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 33 dep 1:1 782:784 arg1 ratio 796:800 the mass ratio 787:800 the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1 787:832 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 34 dep Alg 904:906 arg1 ratio 916:920 HA mass ratio 908:920 Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1 904:927 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 1 35 theme chemical 329:336 arg1 pathways 355:362 chemical or physiological pathways 329:362 chemical or physiological pathways 329:362 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 3 36 theme Alg/HA/AA 772:780 arg1 1:1 782:784 (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 768:784 (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1) 768:833 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 1 37 theme physiological 341:353 arg1 pathways 355:362 chemical or physiological pathways 329:362 chemical or physiological pathways 329:362 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 3 38 theme HA 908:909 arg1 ratio 916:920 HA mass ratio 908:920 Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1 904:927 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 4 39 theme release 1114:1120 arg1 process 1122:1128 the drug release process 1105:1128 the drug release process 1105:1128 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 3 40 theme 3:1 925:927 arg1 ratio 916:920 HA mass ratio 908:920 Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1 904:927 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 4 41 theme electron 1064:1071 arg1 microscopy 1073:1082 scanning electron microscopy 1055:1082 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1055:1088 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 41 theme electron 1064:1071 arg1 spectroscopy 1034:1045 spectroscopy 1034:1045 spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1052 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 41 theme electron 1064:1071 arg1 SEM 1085:1087 SEM 1085:1087 SEM 1085:1087 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 3 42 dep obtained 758:765 arg1 1:3 850:852 (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 836:852 (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) 836:879 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 42 dep obtained 758:765 arg1 1:1 782:784 (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 768:784 (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1) 768:833 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 42 dep obtained 758:765 arg1 Alg 904:906 Alg 904:906 Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1 904:927 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 42 dep obtained 758:765 arg1 3:1 899:901 (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 885:901 (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1) 885:928 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 4 43 theme scanning 1055:1062 arg1 microscopy 1073:1082 scanning electron microscopy 1055:1082 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1055:1088 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 43 theme scanning 1055:1062 arg1 spectroscopy 1034:1045 spectroscopy 1034:1045 spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1052 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 43 theme scanning 1055:1062 arg1 SEM 1085:1087 SEM 1085:1087 SEM 1085:1087 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 3 44 theme Alg/HA/AA 840:848 arg1 1:3 850:852 (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 836:852 (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) 836:879 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 3 45 theme mass 791:794 arg1 ratio 796:800 the mass ratio 787:800 the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1 787:832 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 1 46 theme ascorbic 194:201 arg1 drug 188:191 the drug 184:191 the drug (ascorbic acid) 184:207 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 1 46 theme ascorbic 194:201 arg1 acid 203:206 ascorbic acid 194:206 ascorbic acid 194:206 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 3 47 theme HA 859:860 arg1 ratio 867:871 HA mass ratio 859:871 HA mass ratio of 1:3 859:878 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 1 48 theme article 122:128 arg1 purpose 106:112 The purpose 102:112 The purpose of this article 102:128 The purpose of this article was to obtain prolonged drug release systems in which the drug (ascorbic acid) to reach intact the target area in an environment that is able to control the administration of the active component by chemical or physiological pathways. 26784979 4 49 dep transform 1015:1023 arg1 infrared 1025:1032 infrared 1025:1032 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1025:1088 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 4 49 dep transform 1015:1023 arg1 observe 1097:1103 observe 1097:1103 to observe the drug release process 1094:1128 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 0 50 theme potential 64:72 arg1 carriers 74:81 potential carriers 64:81 potential carriers for ascorbic acid 64:99 New composite materials based on alginate and hydroxyapatite as potential carriers for ascorbic acid. 26784979 3 51 theme mass 862:865 arg1 ratio 867:871 HA mass ratio 859:871 HA mass ratio of 1:3 859:878 Three composites with different ratios between alginate and hydroxyapatite were obtained: (a) Alg/HA/AA 1:1 (the mass ratio between Alg and HA being of 1:1), (b) Alg/HA/AA 1:3 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 1:3) and (c) Alg/HA/AA 3:1 (Alg:HA mass ratio of 3:1). 26784979 4 52 dep Fourier 1007:1013 arg1 transform 1015:1023 transform 1015:1023 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy 1015:1149 The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to observe the drug release process, UV-vis spectroscopy. 26784979 2 53 used used 393:396 arg2 support 368:374 support 368:374 support for drug 368:383 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 26784979 2 53 used used 393:396 arg2 it 386:387 it 386:387 it 386:387 As support for drug, it was used a material based on calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite and a natural polymer - alginate, since it is one of the most investigated composite materials for medical applications due to its positive response to biological testing: bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. 27344635 6 0 theme photoprotection 1065:1079 arg1 properties 1081:1090 no intrinsic photoprotection properties 1052:1090 no intrinsic photoprotection properties 1052:1090 Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. 27344635 9 1 theme coffee 1590:1595 arg1 oil 1597:1599 green coffee oil 1584:1599 green coffee oil 1584:1599 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 8 2 theme in 1319:1320 arg1 results 1340:1346 in vitro and in vivo results 1319:1346 in vitro and in vivo results 1319:1346 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 7 3 theme due 1197:1199 arg1 oil 1164:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 7 3 theme due 1197:1199 arg1 oil 1193:1195 the selected natural oil 1172:1195 the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF 1172:1218 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 6 4 theme synergistic 1131:1141 arg1 effect 1143:1148 a synergistic effect 1129:1148 a synergistic effect 1129:1148 Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. 27344635 4 5 theme protection 667:676 arg1 SPF 686:688 SPF 686:688 SPF 686:688 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 5 theme protection 667:676 arg1 factor 678:683 the sun protection factor 659:683 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 2 6 theme sunscreen 257:265 arg1 formulation 267:277 an innovative sunscreen formulation 243:277 an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 243:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 1 7 theme protection 165:174 arg1 effect 176:181 an enhanced protection effect 153:181 an enhanced protection effect 153:181 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 6 8 theme SPF 1113:1115 arg1 promoter 1117:1124 a SPF promoter 1111:1124 a SPF promoter 1111:1124 Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. 27344635 6 8 theme SPF 1113:1115 arg1 they 1093:1096 they 1093:1096 they 1093:1096 Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. 27344635 1 9 theme coffee 94:99 arg1 oil 101:103 Green coffee oil 88:103 Green coffee oil 88:103 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 2 10 theme Pickering 288:296 arg1 concept 308:314 Pickering emulsions concept 288:314 Pickering emulsions concept 288:314 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 5 11 theme Formulation 834:844 arg1 studies 846:852 Formulation studies 834:852 Formulation studies 834:852 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 9 12 theme innovative 1648:1657 arg1 sunscreen 1659:1667 a stable and effective innovative sunscreen 1625:1667 a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection 1625:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 2 13 dep emulsions 339:347 arg1 i.e. 317:320 i.e. 317:320 i.e. 317:320 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 2 13 dep emulsions 339:347 arg1 concept 308:314 Pickering emulsions concept 288:314 Pickering emulsions concept 288:314 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 9 14 theme wide 1676:1679 arg1 range 1681:1685 a wide range 1674:1685 a wide range of UV radiation protection 1674:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 3 15 theme pharmaceutical 622:635 arg1 control 637:643 a thorough pharmaceutical control 611:643 a thorough pharmaceutical control 611:643 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 5 16 theme physical 883:890 arg1 filters 895:901 physical UV filters 883:901 physical UV filters was beneficial 883:916 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 7 17 theme selected 1176:1183 arg1 oil 1164:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 7 17 theme selected 1176:1183 arg1 oil 1193:1195 the selected natural oil 1172:1195 the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF 1172:1218 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 5 18 theme filters 895:901 arg1 addition 871:878 the addition 867:878 the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial 867:916 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 9 19 theme radiation 1693:1701 arg1 protection 1703:1712 UV radiation protection 1690:1712 UV radiation protection 1690:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 8 20 theme rheological 1432:1442 arg1 assessment 1444:1453 rheological assessment 1432:1453 rheological assessment 1432:1453 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 8 21 theme sunscreen 1287:1295 arg1 activity 1297:1304 the excellent sunscreen activity 1273:1304 the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results 1273:1346 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 4 22 theme final 756:760 arg1 formulations 762:773 the final formulations 752:773 the final formulations 752:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 7 23 theme coffee 1157:1162 arg1 oil 1164:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 7 23 theme coffee 1157:1162 arg1 oil 1193:1195 the selected natural oil 1172:1195 the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF 1172:1218 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 2 24 theme UV-induced 448:457 arg1 damage 464:469 UV-induced skin damage 448:469 UV-induced skin damage 448:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 0 25 theme skin 66:69 arg1 photoprotection 71:85 skin photoprotection 66:85 skin photoprotection 66:85 Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. 27344635 4 26 theme in 719:720 arg1 properties 738:747 the in vitro and in vivo biological properties 702:747 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 27 dep in 706:707 arg1 vitro 709:713 vitro 709:713 vitro 709:713 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 6 28 theme starch 1025:1030 arg1 particles 1032:1040 starch particles 1025:1040 starch particles 1025:1040 Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. 27344635 8 29 theme study 1484:1488 arg1 3months 1498:1504 3months 1498:1504 3months 1498:1504 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 8 29 theme study 1484:1488 arg1 period 1490:1495 the study period 1480:1495 the study period (3months) 1480:1505 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 4 30 theme biological 727:736 arg1 properties 738:747 the in vitro and in vivo biological properties 702:747 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 0 31 theme novel 10:14 arg1 emulsions 39:47 novel starch-based Pickering emulsions 10:47 novel starch-based Pickering emulsions 10:47 Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. 27344635 1 32 theme enhanced 156:163 arg1 effect 176:181 an enhanced protection effect 153:181 an enhanced protection effect 153:181 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 0 33 theme Pickering 29:37 arg1 emulsions 39:47 novel starch-based Pickering emulsions 10:47 novel starch-based Pickering emulsions 10:47 Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. 27344635 7 34 theme other 1238:1242 arg1 oils 1252:1255 other natural oils 1238:1255 other natural oils tested 1238:1262 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 8 35 theme final 1353:1357 arg1 suitable 1390:1397 suitable 1390:1397 suitable 1390:1397 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 8 35 theme final 1353:1357 arg1 formulations 1359:1370 the final formulations 1349:1370 the final formulations 1349:1370 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 3 36 theme Pickering 476:484 arg1 emulsions 486:494 The Pickering emulsions 472:494 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions 472:520 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 9 37 theme multifunctional 1548:1562 arg1 particles 1570:1578 three multifunctional solid particles 1542:1578 three multifunctional solid particles 1542:1578 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 2 38 dep oils 402:405 arg1 strategy 416:423 a key strategy 410:423 a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 410:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 2 39 theme UV 372:373 arg1 filters 375:381 physical UV filters 363:381 physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 363:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 9 40 theme particles 1570:1578 arg1 combination 1527:1537 the combination 1523:1537 the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, 1523:1600 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 7 41 theme highest 1208:1214 arg1 SPF 1216:1218 the highest SPF 1204:1218 the highest SPF 1204:1218 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 3 42 theme compositions 509:520 arg1 emulsions 486:494 The Pickering emulsions 472:494 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions 472:520 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 8 43 dep assessment 1444:1453 arg1 the 1428:1430 the 1428:1430 the 1428:1430 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 9 44 theme green 1584:1588 arg1 oil 1597:1599 green coffee oil 1584:1599 green coffee oil 1584:1599 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 6 45 theme intrinsic 1055:1063 arg1 properties 1081:1090 no intrinsic photoprotection properties 1052:1090 no intrinsic photoprotection properties 1052:1090 Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. 27344635 3 46 theme pH 553:554 arg1 terms 544:548 terms 544:548 terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability 544:606 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 9 47 theme oil 1597:1599 arg1 combination 1527:1537 the combination 1523:1537 the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, 1523:1600 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 1 48 contain have 148:151 arg1 oil 101:103 Green coffee oil 88:103 Green coffee oil 88:103 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 1 48 contain have 148:151 arg1 starch 118:123 modified starch 109:123 modified starch 109:123 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 1 48 contain have 148:151 arg2 effect 176:181 an enhanced protection effect 153:181 an enhanced protection effect 153:181 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 4 49 dep Episkin® 786:793 arg1 resistance 822:831 water resistance 816:831 water resistance 816:831 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 50 theme water 816:820 arg1 resistance 822:831 water resistance 816:831 water resistance 816:831 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 51 theme sun 663:665 arg1 SPF 686:688 SPF 686:688 SPF 686:688 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 51 theme sun 663:665 arg1 factor 678:683 the sun protection factor 659:683 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 3 52 theme physical 569:576 arg1 pH 553:554 pH 553:554 pH 553:554 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 3 52 theme physical 569:576 arg1 stability 598:606 physical and microbiological stability 569:606 physical and microbiological stability 569:606 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 8 53 dep in 1319:1320 arg1 vitro 1322:1326 vitro 1322:1326 vitro 1322:1326 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 2 54 theme emulsions 298:306 arg1 concept 308:314 Pickering emulsions concept 288:314 Pickering emulsions concept 288:314 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 1 55 theme UV 191:192 arg1 radiation 194:202 UV radiation 191:202 UV radiation 191:202 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 9 56 theme stable 1627:1632 arg1 sunscreen 1659:1667 a stable and effective innovative sunscreen 1625:1667 a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection 1625:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 8 57 dep in 1332:1333 arg1 vivo 1335:1338 vivo 1335:1338 vivo 1335:1338 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 2 58 theme surfactant-free 323:337 arg1 emulsions 339:347 surfactant-free emulsions 323:347 surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 323:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 9 59 theme effective 1638:1646 arg1 sunscreen 1659:1667 a stable and effective innovative sunscreen 1625:1667 a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection 1625:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 3 60 theme microbiological 582:596 arg1 pH 553:554 pH 553:554 pH 553:554 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 3 60 theme microbiological 582:596 arg1 stability 598:606 physical and microbiological stability 569:606 physical and microbiological stability 569:606 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 1 61 theme modified 109:116 arg1 starch 118:123 modified starch 109:123 modified starch 109:123 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 8 62 theme topical 1403:1409 arg1 use 1411:1413 topical use 1403:1413 topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months) 1403:1505 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 2 63 theme innovative 246:255 arg1 formulation 267:277 an innovative sunscreen formulation 243:277 an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 243:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 4 64 dep in 719:720 arg1 vivo 722:725 vivo 722:725 vivo 722:725 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 65 theme in 706:707 arg1 properties 738:747 the in vitro and in vivo biological properties 702:747 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 7 66 theme natural 1185:1191 arg1 oil 1164:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 7 66 theme natural 1185:1191 arg1 oil 1193:1195 the selected natural oil 1172:1195 the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF 1172:1218 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 3 67 theme thorough 613:620 arg1 control 637:643 a thorough pharmaceutical control 611:643 a thorough pharmaceutical control 611:643 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 5 68 theme UV 892:893 arg1 filters 895:901 physical UV filters 883:901 physical UV filters was beneficial 883:916 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 9 69 theme UV 1690:1691 arg1 protection 1703:1712 UV radiation protection 1690:1712 UV radiation protection 1690:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 5 70 theme ZnO 947:949 arg1 inclusion 934:942 the inclusion 930:942 the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively 930:1013 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 9 71 theme protection 1703:1712 arg1 range 1681:1685 a wide range 1674:1685 a wide range of UV radiation protection 1674:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 8 72 theme excellent 1277:1285 arg1 activity 1297:1304 the excellent sunscreen activity 1273:1304 the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results 1273:1346 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 7 73 theme Green 1151:1155 arg1 oil 1164:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil 1151:1166 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 7 73 theme Green 1151:1155 arg1 oil 1193:1195 the selected natural oil 1172:1195 the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF 1172:1218 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 5 74 theme TiO2 955:958 arg1 inclusion 934:942 the inclusion 930:942 the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively 930:1013 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 2 75 theme natural 394:400 arg1 oils 402:405 natural oils 394:405 natural oils 394:405 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 1 76 theme Green 88:92 arg1 oil 101:103 Green coffee oil 88:103 Green coffee oil 88:103 Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. 27344635 9 77 with sunscreen 1659:1667 arg1 range 1681:1685 a wide range 1674:1685 a wide range of UV radiation protection 1674:1712 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 0 78 theme starch-based 16:27 arg1 emulsions 39:47 novel starch-based Pickering emulsions 10:47 novel starch-based Pickering emulsions 10:47 Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. 27344635 9 79 theme solid 1564:1568 arg1 particles 1570:1578 three multifunctional solid particles 1542:1578 three multifunctional solid particles 1542:1578 In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection. 27344635 7 80 theme natural 1244:1250 arg1 oils 1252:1255 other natural oils 1238:1255 other natural oils tested 1238:1262 Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. 27344635 2 81 theme key 412:414 arg1 strategy 416:423 a key strategy 410:423 a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 410:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 0 82 theme emulsions 39:47 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. 0:86 Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. 27344635 8 83 theme in 1332:1333 arg1 results 1340:1346 in vitro and in vivo results 1319:1346 in vitro and in vivo results 1319:1346 Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months). 27344635 2 84 theme skin 459:462 arg1 damage 464:469 UV-induced skin damage 448:469 UV-induced skin damage 448:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 27344635 3 85 theme different 499:507 arg1 compositions 509:520 different compositions 499:520 different compositions 499:520 The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. 27344635 4 86 theme formulations 762:773 arg1 SPF 686:688 SPF 686:688 SPF 686:688 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 86 theme formulations 762:773 arg1 factor 678:683 the sun protection factor 659:683 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 4 86 theme formulations 762:773 arg1 properties 738:747 the in vitro and in vivo biological properties 702:747 the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations 659:773 In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance. 27344635 5 87 theme high 972:975 arg1 SPF 977:979 a high SPF 970:979 a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively 970:1013 Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. 27344635 2 88 theme physical 363:370 arg1 filters 375:381 physical UV filters 363:381 physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage 363:469 Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage. 26314906 2 0 theme scanning 440:447 arg1 SEM 470:472 SEM 470:472 SEM 470:472 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 0 theme scanning 440:447 arg1 microscopy 458:467 scanning electron microscopy 440:467 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 440:473 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 3 1 theme dense 716:720 arg1 structure 730:738 the dense network structure 712:738 the dense network structure 712:738 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 2 2 dep Fourier 504:510 arg1 transform 512:520 transform 512:520 transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) 512:546 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 5 3 theme vanillin 971:978 arg1 addition 959:966 addition 959:966 addition of vanillin 959:978 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 3 4 theme composite 579:587 arg1 films 589:593 composite films 579:593 composite films 579:593 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 elongation 286:295 elongation 286:295 elongation at break (%E) 286:309 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 permeability 240:251 water vapor permeability 228:251 water vapor permeability (WVP) 228:257 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 strength 268:275 tensile strength 260:275 tensile strength (TS) 260:280 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 TS 278:279 TS 278:279 TS 278:279 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 property 218:225 optical property 210:225 optical property 210:225 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 WVP 254:256 WVP 254:256 WVP 254:256 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 5 from break 300:304 arg1 E 308:308 %E 307:308 %E 307:308 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 3 6 theme network 722:728 arg1 structure 730:738 the dense network structure 712:738 the dense network structure 712:738 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 4 7 theme films 829:833 arg1 stability 802:810 the thermal stability 790:810 the thermal stability of the composite films 790:833 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 4 8 theme composite 819:827 arg1 films 829:833 the composite films 815:833 the composite films 815:833 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 2 9 theme infrared 522:529 arg1 FT-IR 541:545 FT-IR 541:545 FT-IR 541:545 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 9 theme infrared 522:529 arg1 spectrum 531:538 infrared spectrum 522:538 infrared spectrum (FT-IR) 522:546 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 10 theme cross-linking 353:365 arg1 agent 367:371 cross-linking agent 353:371 cross-linking agent of vanillin 353:383 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 4 11 theme TGA 875:877 arg1 analysis 879:886 TGA analysis 875:886 TGA analysis 875:886 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 0 12 theme mechanical 10:19 arg1 properties 21:30 mechanical properties 10:30 mechanical properties of chitosan films 10:48 Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan films via modification with vanillin. 26314906 4 13 theme chitosan 858:865 arg1 film 867:870 the pure chitosan film 849:870 the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis 849:886 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 1 14 theme vanillin/chitosan 86:102 arg1 films 114:118 The vanillin/chitosan composite films 82:118 The vanillin/chitosan composite films 82:118 The vanillin/chitosan composite films were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. 26314906 5 15 theme good 1017:1020 arg1 compatibility 1022:1034 good compatibility 1017:1034 good compatibility 1017:1034 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 1 16 theme composite 104:112 arg1 films 114:118 The vanillin/chitosan composite films 82:118 The vanillin/chitosan composite films 82:118 The vanillin/chitosan composite films were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. 26314906 3 17 theme pure 659:662 arg1 film 673:676 pure chitosan film 659:676 pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra 659:755 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 4 18 theme stability 802:810 arg1 changes 779:785 almost no changes 769:785 almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films 769:833 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 2 19 theme chitosan 388:395 arg1 films 397:401 chitosan films 388:401 chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) 388:546 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 4 20 theme thermal 794:800 arg1 stability 802:810 the thermal stability 790:810 the thermal stability of the composite films 790:833 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 2 21 theme films 194:198 arg1 properties 176:185 The properties 172:185 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) 172:309 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 22 theme vanillin 376:383 arg1 agent 367:371 cross-linking agent 353:371 cross-linking agent of vanillin 353:383 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 0 23 theme films 44:48 arg1 properties 21:30 mechanical properties 10:30 mechanical properties of chitosan films 10:48 Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan films via modification with vanillin. 26314906 0 24 theme chitosan 35:42 arg1 films 44:48 chitosan films 35:48 chitosan films 35:48 Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan films via modification with vanillin. 26314906 5 25 theme 0.5-10 985:990 arg1 % 991:991 % 991:991 % 991:991 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 2 26 theme X-ray 476:480 arg1 XRD 495:497 XRD 495:497 XRD 495:497 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 26 theme X-ray 476:480 arg1 diffraction 482:492 X-ray diffraction 476:492 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 476:498 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 27 from effect 343:348 arg1 films 397:401 chitosan films 388:401 chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) 388:546 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 28 theme agent 367:371 arg1 effect 343:348 the effect 339:348 the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) 339:546 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 5 29 theme % 991:991 arg1 concentration 993:1005 0.5-10% concentration 985:1005 0.5-10% concentration 985:1005 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 2 30 theme vapor 234:238 arg1 permeability 240:251 water vapor permeability 228:251 water vapor permeability (WVP) 228:257 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 30 theme vapor 234:238 arg1 WVP 254:256 WVP 254:256 WVP 254:256 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 3 31 theme chitosan 664:671 arg1 film 673:676 pure chitosan film 659:676 pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra 659:755 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 4 32 theme no 776:777 arg1 changes 779:785 almost no changes 769:785 almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films 769:833 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 2 33 theme water 228:232 arg1 permeability 240:251 water vapor permeability 228:251 water vapor permeability (WVP) 228:257 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 33 theme water 228:232 arg1 WVP 254:256 WVP 254:256 WVP 254:256 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 3 34 theme FT-IR 743:747 arg1 spectra 749:755 FT-IR spectra 743:755 FT-IR spectra 743:755 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 5 35 theme SEM 911:913 arg1 images 915:920 the SEM images 907:920 the SEM images 907:920 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 2 36 theme tensile 260:266 arg1 TS 278:279 TS 278:279 TS 278:279 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 36 theme tensile 260:266 arg1 strength 268:275 tensile strength 260:275 tensile strength (TS) 260:280 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 37 theme % 307:307 arg1 E 308:308 %E 307:308 %E 307:308 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 37 theme % 307:307 arg1 elongation 286:295 elongation 286:295 elongation at break (%E) 286:309 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 38 theme optical 210:216 arg1 property 218:225 optical property 210:225 optical property 210:225 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 5 39 with film 949:952 arg1 concentration 993:1005 0.5-10% concentration 985:1005 0.5-10% concentration 985:1005 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 5 39 with film 949:952 arg1 addition 959:966 addition 959:966 addition of vanillin 959:978 In addition, from the SEM images, it could be seen that the film with addition of vanillin with 0.5-10% concentration exhibited good compatibility. 26314906 0 40 with modification 54:65 arg1 vanillin 72:79 vanillin 72:79 vanillin 72:79 Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan films via modification with vanillin. 26314906 1 41 theme solvent 144:150 arg1 method 164:169 the solvent evaporation method 140:169 the solvent evaporation method 140:169 The vanillin/chitosan composite films were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. 26314906 3 42 theme structure 730:738 arg1 formation 699:707 the formation 695:707 the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra 695:755 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 4 43 theme pure 853:856 arg1 film 867:870 the pure chitosan film 849:870 the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis 849:886 There were almost no changes of the thermal stability of the composite films compared with the pure chitosan film by TGA analysis. 26314906 3 44 theme films 589:593 arg1 TS 573:574 the TS 569:574 the TS of composite films 569:593 Results showed that the TS of composite films increased by 53.3% and the WVP decreased by 36.5% compared with pure chitosan film that were due to the formation of the dense network structure by FT-IR spectra. 26314906 1 45 theme evaporation 152:162 arg1 method 164:169 the solvent evaporation method 140:169 the solvent evaporation method 140:169 The vanillin/chitosan composite films were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. 26314906 2 46 theme electron 449:456 arg1 SEM 470:472 SEM 470:472 SEM 470:472 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 46 theme electron 449:456 arg1 microscopy 458:467 scanning electron microscopy 440:467 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 440:473 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 47 theme thermogravimetric 406:422 arg1 TGA 434:436 TGA 434:436 TGA 434:436 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 26314906 2 47 theme thermogravimetric 406:422 arg1 analysis 424:431 thermogravimetric analysis 406:431 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 406:437 The properties of the films including optical property, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were studied to investigate the effect of cross-linking agent of vanillin on chitosan films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). 24747206 1 0 theme calcium 373:379 arg1 microspheres 433:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 4 1 theme thermal 782:788 arg1 reduction 790:798 thermal reduction 782:798 thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix 782:831 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 1 2 theme DNA 285:287 arg1 sensor 289:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor 231:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 231:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 0 3 theme DNA 95:97 arg1 detection 82:90 detection 82:90 detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 82:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 4 theme carbonate/carboxymethyl 381:403 arg1 microspheres 433:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 6 5 theme excellent 1281:1289 arg1 selectivity 1291:1301 excellent selectivity 1281:1301 excellent selectivity 1281:1301 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 3 6 theme aqueous 720:726 arg1 solution 728:735 an aqueous solution 717:735 an aqueous solution containing CMC 717:750 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 6 7 theme dual-amplification 1076:1093 arg1 effects 1095:1101 dual-amplification effects 1076:1101 dual-amplification effects 1076:1101 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 0 8 theme silver 117:122 arg1 nanoparticles 124:136 luminescent silver nanoparticles 105:136 luminescent silver nanoparticles 105:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 9 theme chitosan 405:412 arg1 microspheres 433:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 5 10 theme reporter 1042:1049 arg1 DNA 1051:1053 the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA 1019:1053 the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA 1019:1053 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 5 11 theme AgNPs-labeled 1028:1040 arg1 DNA 1051:1053 the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA 1019:1053 the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA 1019:1053 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 0 12 theme luminescent 105:115 arg1 nanoparticles 124:136 luminescent silver nanoparticles 105:136 luminescent silver nanoparticles 105:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 6 13 theme detection 1234:1242 arg1 limit 1225:1229 a limit 1223:1229 a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M 1223:1266 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 1 14 theme CaCO3/CMC 415:423 arg1 microspheres 433:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 4 15 theme reduced 920:926 arg1 atoms 935:939 reduced silver atoms 920:939 reduced silver atoms 920:939 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 4 16 dep nucleation 892:901 arg1 the 888:890 the 888:890 the 888:890 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 1 17 dep electrode 347:355 arg1 composites 489:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 2 18 theme excellent 534:542 arg1 conductivity 544:555 excellent conductivity 534:555 excellent conductivity 534:555 The GR/Au-PWE with excellent conductivity was successfully prepared for the immobilization of capture probe. 24747206 6 19 theme M 1215:1215 arg1 range 1182:1186 the range 1178:1186 the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M 1178:1215 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 7 20 from health 1401:1406 arg1 developing 1456:1465 developing 1456:1465 developing 1456:1465 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 20 from health 1401:1406 arg1 countries 1480:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 20 from health 1401:1406 arg1 regions 1447:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 0 21 theme functionalized 9:22 arg1 device 71:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device 0:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 0:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 22 theme hybrid 426:431 arg1 microspheres 433:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres 373:444 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 4 23 theme atoms 935:939 arg1 nucleation 892:901 nucleation 892:901 nucleation 892:901 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 4 23 theme atoms 935:939 arg1 migration 907:915 migration 907:915 migration 907:915 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 4 24 theme glycine 818:824 arg1 matrix 826:831 glycine matrix 818:831 glycine matrix 818:831 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 7 25 theme developed 1470:1478 arg1 countries 1480:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 5 26 theme CaCO3/CMC 946:954 arg1 composites 962:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites 942:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites 942:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 0 27 theme Graphene 0:7 arg1 device 71:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device 0:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 0:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 28 theme graphene-modified 305:321 arg1 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 28 theme graphene-modified 305:321 arg1 electrode 347:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode 305:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) 305:367 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 4 29 theme silver 928:933 arg1 atoms 935:939 reduced silver atoms 920:939 reduced silver atoms 920:939 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 7 30 theme environmental 1412:1424 arg1 monitoring 1426:1435 environmental monitoring 1412:1435 environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries 1412:1488 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 6 31 theme effects 1095:1101 arg1 advantage 1063:1071 advantage 1063:1071 advantage of dual-amplification effects 1063:1101 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 5 32 theme @ 955:955 arg1 composites 962:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites 942:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites 942:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 0 33 theme Au-paper 31:38 arg1 device 71:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device 0:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 0:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 34 theme porous 323:328 arg1 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 34 theme porous 323:328 arg1 electrode 347:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode 305:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) 305:367 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 0 35 theme carbonate/carboxymethyl 153:175 arg1 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 0 35 theme carbonate/carboxymethyl 153:175 arg1 microspheres 193:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 7 36 theme point-of-care 1371:1383 arg1 testing 1385:1391 point-of-care testing 1371:1391 point-of-care testing 1371:1391 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 3 37 theme CaCO3/CMC 628:636 arg1 microspheres 645:656 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres 624:656 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres 624:656 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 7 38 theme simple 1308:1313 arg1 device 1336:1341 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device 1304:1341 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device 1304:1341 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 0 39 theme porous 24:29 arg1 device 71:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device 0:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 0:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 40 theme Au-paper 330:337 arg1 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 40 theme Au-paper 330:337 arg1 electrode 347:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode 305:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) 305:367 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 0 41 theme calcium 145:151 arg1 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 0 41 theme calcium 145:151 arg1 microspheres 193:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 3 42 theme hybrid 638:643 arg1 microspheres 645:656 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres 624:656 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres 624:656 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 7 43 from testing 1385:1391 arg1 developing 1456:1465 developing 1456:1465 developing 1456:1465 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 43 from testing 1385:1391 arg1 countries 1480:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 43 from testing 1385:1391 arg1 regions 1447:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 1 44 theme simple 233:238 arg1 sensor 289:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor 231:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 231:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 0 45 theme electrochemiluminescence 46:69 arg1 device 71:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device 0:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 0:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 46 theme working 339:345 arg1 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 GR/Au-PWE 358:366 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 46 theme working 339:345 arg1 electrode 347:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode 305:355 graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) 305:367 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 0 47 theme hybrid 186:191 arg1 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 0 47 theme hybrid 186:191 arg1 microspheres 193:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 48 theme @ 446:446 arg1 composites 489:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 7 49 theme public 1394:1399 arg1 health 1401:1406 public health 1394:1406 public health 1394:1406 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 3 50 from precipitation 679:691 arg1 solution 728:735 an aqueous solution 717:735 an aqueous solution containing CMC 717:750 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 3 51 contain containing 737:746 arg1 solution 728:735 an aqueous solution 717:735 an aqueous solution containing CMC 717:750 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 3 51 contain containing 737:746 arg2 CMC 748:750 CMC 748:750 CMC 748:750 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 0 52 theme based 40:44 arg1 device 71:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device 0:76 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles 0:136 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 0 53 theme chitosan 177:184 arg1 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 labels 209:214 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 0 53 theme chitosan 177:184 arg1 microspheres 193:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres 145:204 Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. 24747206 1 54 theme luminescent 448:458 arg1 composites 489:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 55 theme sensitive 244:252 arg1 sensor 289:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor 231:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 231:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 56 theme silver 460:465 arg1 composites 489:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 2 57 theme capture 609:615 arg1 probe 617:621 capture probe 609:621 capture probe 609:621 The GR/Au-PWE with excellent conductivity was successfully prepared for the immobilization of capture probe. 24747206 6 58 theme target 1148:1153 arg1 DNA 1155:1157 the target DNA 1144:1157 the target DNA 1144:1157 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 1 59 theme nanoparticles 467:479 arg1 composites 489:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 6 60 theme low 1247:1249 arg1 limit 1225:1229 a limit 1223:1229 a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M 1223:1266 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 5 61 theme higher 993:998 arg1 intensity 1004:1012 3.6 times higher ECL intensity 983:1012 3.6 times higher ECL intensity 983:1012 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 7 62 theme remote 1440:1445 arg1 regions 1447:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 4 63 theme matrix 870:875 arg1 advantage 841:849 advantage 841:849 advantage of the solid-state matrix 841:875 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 3 64 theme carbonate 704:712 arg1 precipitation 679:691 the precipitation 675:691 the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC 675:750 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 6 65 theme paper-based 1108:1118 arg1 sensor 1124:1129 the paper-based DNA sensor 1104:1129 the paper-based DNA sensor 1104:1129 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 4 66 theme ions 810:813 arg1 reduction 790:798 thermal reduction 782:798 thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix 782:831 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 5 67 theme pure 1023:1026 arg1 DNA 1051:1053 the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA 1019:1053 the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA 1019:1053 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 1 68 theme electrochemiluminescence 254:277 arg1 sensor 289:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor 231:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 231:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 1 69 theme AgNPs 482:486 arg1 composites 489:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 446:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 4 70 theme solid-state 858:868 arg1 matrix 870:875 the solid-state matrix 854:875 the solid-state matrix 854:875 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 2 71 with GR/Au-PWE 519:527 arg1 conductivity 544:555 excellent conductivity 534:555 excellent conductivity 534:555 The GR/Au-PWE with excellent conductivity was successfully prepared for the immobilization of capture probe. 24747206 4 72 theme silver 803:808 arg1 ions 810:813 silver ions 803:813 silver ions 803:813 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 5 73 theme ECL 1000:1002 arg1 intensity 1004:1012 3.6 times higher ECL intensity 983:1012 3.6 times higher ECL intensity 983:1012 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 7 74 dep simple 1308:1313 arg1 sensitive 1326:1334 sensitive 1326:1334 sensitive 1326:1334 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 74 dep simple 1308:1313 arg1 low-cost 1316:1323 low-cost 1316:1323 low-cost 1316:1323 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 5 75 theme AgNPs 956:960 arg1 composites 962:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites 942:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites 942:971 The CaCO3/CMC@AgNPs composites exhibited 3.6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure AgNPs-labeled reporter DNA. 24747206 4 76 from reduction 790:798 arg1 matrix 826:831 glycine matrix 818:831 glycine matrix 818:831 The AgNPs was synthesized by thermal reduction of silver ions in glycine matrix, taking advantage of the solid-state matrix to control the nucleation and migration of reduced silver atoms. 24747206 1 77 theme ECL 280:282 arg1 sensor 289:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor 231:294 a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites 231:498 In the paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor based on graphene-modified porous Au-paper working electrode (GR/Au-PWE) and calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan (CaCO3/CMC) hybrid microspheres @ luminescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composites was developed. 24747206 6 78 theme -5.0×10 1202:1208 arg1 M 1215:1215 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M 1191:1215 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M 1191:1215 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 3 79 theme calcium 696:702 arg1 carbonate 704:712 calcium carbonate 696:712 calcium carbonate 696:712 The CaCO3/CMC hybrid microspheres were prepared by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous solution containing CMC. 24747206 6 80 theme DNA 1120:1122 arg1 sensor 1124:1129 the paper-based DNA sensor 1104:1129 the paper-based DNA sensor 1104:1129 Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the paper-based DNA sensor could detect the target DNA quantitatively, in the range of 4.0×10(-17)-5.0×10(-11) M, with a limit of detection as low as 8.5×10(-18) M, and perform excellent selectivity. 24747206 7 81 from monitoring 1426:1435 arg1 developing 1456:1465 developing 1456:1465 developing 1456:1465 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 81 from monitoring 1426:1435 arg1 countries 1480:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 developed countries 1470:1488 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 7 81 from monitoring 1426:1435 arg1 regions 1447:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 remote regions 1440:1453 The simple, low-cost, sensitive device could be easily applied for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. 24747206 2 82 theme probe 617:621 arg1 immobilization 591:604 the immobilization 587:604 the immobilization of capture probe 587:621 The GR/Au-PWE with excellent conductivity was successfully prepared for the immobilization of capture probe. 26686112 6 0 theme first 1110:1114 arg1 filtration 1116:1125 the first filtration 1106:1125 the first filtration 1106:1125 Notably, most of Cr(VI) has been removed after the first filtration at all pH values (2.0-6.0) investigated in this report. 26686112 4 1 theme three 872:876 arg1 times 878:882 times 878:882 times 878:882 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 1 2 theme nanofibrous 196:206 arg1 membrane 208:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique with a single solvent system. 26686112 7 3 theme acid 1402:1405 arg1 fastness 1407:1414 acid fastness 1402:1414 acid fastness 1402:1414 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 7 4 theme composite 1214:1222 arg1 membrane 1236:1243 the composite nanofibrous membrane 1210:1243 the composite nanofibrous membrane 1210:1243 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 0 5 theme electrospinning 88:102 arg1 composite 136:144 electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite 88:144 electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite 88:144 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 7 6 theme pH 1328:1329 arg1 solution 1316:1323 the solution 1312:1323 the solution 1312:1323 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 5 7 from pH 1051:1052 arg1 -1 1044:1045 -1 1044:1045 -1 1044:1045 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 5 7 from pH 1051:1052 arg1 g 1042:1042 92.5 mg g 1034:1042 92.5 mg g(-1) 1034:1046 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 5 7 from pH 1051:1052 arg1 value 1024:1028 the maximum value 1012:1028 the maximum value 1012:1028 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 7 8 theme nanofibrous 1224:1234 arg1 membrane 1236:1243 the composite nanofibrous membrane 1210:1243 the composite nanofibrous membrane 1210:1243 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 7 9 theme filtration 1284:1293 arg1 cycles 1295:1300 three filtration cycles 1278:1300 three filtration cycles 1278:1300 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 8 10 theme important 1529:1537 arg1 role 1539:1542 an important role 1526:1542 an important role 1526:1542 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 5 11 dep became 986:991 arg1 VI 967:968 VI 967:968 VI 967:968 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 2 12 dep interaction 394:404 arg1 such 407:410 such 407:410 such 407:410 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 6 13 theme pH 1134:1135 arg1 values 1137:1142 all pH values 1130:1142 all pH values (2.0-6.0) investigated in this report 1130:1180 Notably, most of Cr(VI) has been removed after the first filtration at all pH values (2.0-6.0) investigated in this report. 26686112 6 13 theme pH 1134:1135 arg1 2.0-6.0 1145:1151 2.0-6.0 1145:1151 2.0-6.0 1145:1151 Notably, most of Cr(VI) has been removed after the first filtration at all pH values (2.0-6.0) investigated in this report. 26686112 2 14 theme hydrogen 415:422 arg1 bonds 424:428 hydrogen bonds 415:428 hydrogen bonds 415:428 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 2 15 theme weak 389:392 arg1 interaction 394:404 weak interaction 389:404 weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan 389:455 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 8 16 dep Cr 1565:1566 arg1 VI 1568:1569 VI 1568:1569 VI 1568:1569 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 3 17 theme chitosan 589:596 arg1 content 598:604 the chitosan content 585:604 the chitosan content 585:604 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 0 18 theme chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate 104:134 arg1 composite 136:144 electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite 88:144 electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite 88:144 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 5 19 theme mg 1039:1040 arg1 -1 1044:1045 -1 1044:1045 -1 1044:1045 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 5 19 theme mg 1039:1040 arg1 g 1042:1042 92.5 mg g 1034:1042 92.5 mg g(-1) 1034:1046 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 5 19 theme mg 1039:1040 arg1 value 1024:1028 the maximum value 1012:1028 the maximum value 1012:1028 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 4 20 theme 0.3:1.0 759:765 arg1 ratio 750:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio 736:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 736:765 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 7 21 theme adsorption 1187:1196 arg1 capacity 1198:1205 The adsorption capacity 1183:1205 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane 1183:1243 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 0 22 theme efficient 7:15 arg1 chromium 17:24 Highly efficient chromium 0:24 Highly efficient chromium 0:24 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 0 23 dep prepared 71:78 arg1 VI 26:27 VI 26:27 VI 26:27 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 7 24 dep decreased 1245:1253 arg1 % 1269:1269 17.1% 1265:1269 17.1% 1265:1269 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 8 25 theme Cr 1565:1566 arg1 adsorption 1551:1560 the adsorption 1547:1560 the adsorption of Cr(VI) 1547:1570 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 4 26 theme maximum 779:785 arg1 capacity 798:805 a maximum adsorption capacity 777:805 a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr 777:827 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 26 theme maximum 779:785 arg1 g 816:816 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 27 theme chitosan 736:743 arg1 ratio 750:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio 736:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 736:765 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 5 28 theme Cr 964:965 arg1 capacity 952:959 The adsorption capacity 937:959 The adsorption capacity of Cr 937:965 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 7 29 theme membrane 1236:1243 arg1 capacity 1198:1205 The adsorption capacity 1183:1205 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane 1183:1243 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 4 30 theme mg 813:814 arg1 capacity 798:805 a maximum adsorption capacity 777:805 a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr 777:827 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 30 theme mg 813:814 arg1 g 816:816 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 7 31 theme composite 1423:1431 arg1 membrane 1433:1440 the composite membrane 1419:1440 the composite membrane 1419:1440 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 4 32 dep adsorption 843:852 arg1 VI 829:830 VI 829:830 VI 829:830 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 2 33 with Characterization 289:304 arg1 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 2 33 with Characterization 289:304 arg1 spectroscopy 343:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 311:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 311:362 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 7 34 theme enhanced 1369:1376 arg1 strength 1389:1396 enhanced mechanical strength 1369:1396 enhanced mechanical strength 1369:1396 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 4 35 dep powder 913:918 arg1 -1 931:932 -1 931:932 -1 931:932 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 35 dep powder 913:918 arg1 g 929:929 22.9 mg g 921:929 22.9 mg g(-1) 921:933 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 3 36 theme average 527:533 arg1 diameter 535:542 the average diameter 523:542 the average diameter of the composite nanofibers 523:570 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 3 37 theme electron 467:474 arg1 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 3 37 theme electron 467:474 arg1 microscopy 476:485 Scanning electron microscopy 458:485 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 458:504 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 3 38 theme composite 551:559 arg1 nanofibers 561:570 the composite nanofibers 547:570 the composite nanofibers 547:570 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 4 39 theme mg 926:927 arg1 -1 931:932 -1 931:932 -1 931:932 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 39 theme mg 926:927 arg1 g 929:929 22.9 mg g 921:929 22.9 mg g(-1) 921:933 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 6 40 dep Cr 1076:1077 arg1 VI 1079:1080 VI 1079:1080 VI 1079:1080 Notably, most of Cr(VI) has been removed after the first filtration at all pH values (2.0-6.0) investigated in this report. 26686112 3 41 theme sized 657:661 arg1 beads 663:667 nano/micrometer sized beads 641:667 nano/micrometer sized beads 641:667 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 4 42 theme nanofibrous 710:720 arg1 membrane 722:729 The composite nanofibrous membrane 696:729 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 696:765 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 3 43 theme microscopy 476:485 arg1 measurements 493:504 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 458:504 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 458:504 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 4 44 dep times 878:882 arg1 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 5 45 theme maximum 1016:1022 arg1 g 1042:1042 92.5 mg g 1034:1042 92.5 mg g(-1) 1034:1046 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 5 45 theme maximum 1016:1022 arg1 value 1024:1028 the maximum value 1012:1028 the maximum value 1012:1028 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 3 46 theme beads 663:667 arg1 number 631:636 the number 627:636 the number of nano/micrometer sized beads 627:667 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 1 47 theme single 266:271 arg1 system 281:286 a single solvent system 264:286 a single solvent system 264:286 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique with a single solvent system. 26686112 3 48 theme nanofibers 561:570 arg1 diameter 535:542 the average diameter 523:542 the average diameter of the composite nanofibers 523:570 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 4 49 with membrane 722:729 arg1 ratio 750:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio 736:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 736:765 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 50 theme static 836:841 arg1 adsorption 843:852 static adsorption 836:852 static adsorption 836:852 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 3 51 theme Scanning 458:465 arg1 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 3 51 theme Scanning 458:465 arg1 microscopy 476:485 Scanning electron microscopy 458:485 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 458:504 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 7 52 dep strength 1389:1396 arg1 the 1365:1367 the 1365:1367 the 1365:1367 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 3 53 theme nano/micrometer 641:655 arg1 beads 663:667 nano/micrometer sized beads 641:667 nano/micrometer sized beads 641:667 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements illustrated that the average diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased as the chitosan content was increased, while the number of nano/micrometer sized beads increased in the membrane. 26686112 1 54 theme Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate 147:177 arg1 membrane 208:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique with a single solvent system. 26686112 7 55 theme mechanical 1378:1387 arg1 strength 1389:1396 enhanced mechanical strength 1369:1396 enhanced mechanical strength 1369:1396 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 4 56 theme chitosan 904:911 arg1 powder 913:918 chitosan powder 904:918 chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)) 904:934 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 2 57 theme infrared 334:341 arg1 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 2 57 theme infrared 334:341 arg1 spectroscopy 343:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 311:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 311:362 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 4 58 theme PMMA 745:748 arg1 ratio 750:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio 736:754 chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 736:765 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 59 theme adsorption 787:796 arg1 capacity 798:805 a maximum adsorption capacity 777:805 a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr 777:827 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 59 theme adsorption 787:796 arg1 g 816:816 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 1 60 theme solvent 273:279 arg1 system 281:286 a single solvent system 264:286 a single solvent system 264:286 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique with a single solvent system. 26686112 5 61 theme adsorption 941:950 arg1 capacity 952:959 The adsorption capacity 937:959 The adsorption capacity of Cr 937:965 The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) via filtration became even higher, where the maximum value was 92.5 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0. 26686112 2 62 theme transformation 319:332 arg1 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 2 62 theme transformation 319:332 arg1 spectroscopy 343:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 311:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 311:362 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 1 63 theme PMMA 180:183 arg1 membrane 208:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique with a single solvent system. 26686112 7 64 theme membrane 1433:1440 arg1 strength 1389:1396 enhanced mechanical strength 1369:1396 enhanced mechanical strength 1369:1396 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 7 64 theme membrane 1433:1440 arg1 fastness 1407:1414 acid fastness 1402:1414 acid fastness 1402:1414 The adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibrous membrane decreased slightly (17.1%) after three filtration cycles even with the solution of pH 2.0, which shall be attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength and acid fastness of the composite membrane. 26686112 0 65 theme filter 58:63 arg1 paper 65:69 nanofibrous filter paper 46:69 nanofibrous filter paper 46:69 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 4 66 theme composite 700:708 arg1 membrane 722:729 The composite nanofibrous membrane 696:729 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 696:765 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 2 67 theme Fourier 311:317 arg1 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 FT-IR 357:361 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 2 67 theme Fourier 311:317 arg1 spectroscopy 343:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 311:354 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 311:362 Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that there was weak interaction (such as hydrogen bonds) between PMMA and chitosan. 26686112 0 68 with adsorption 30:39 arg1 paper 65:69 nanofibrous filter paper 46:69 nanofibrous filter paper 46:69 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 8 69 theme amino 1506:1510 arg1 groups 1512:1517 amino groups 1506:1517 amino groups 1506:1517 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 8 70 theme spectroscopy 1463:1474 arg1 analysis 1482:1489 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 1443:1489 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 1443:1489 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 0 71 theme nanofibrous 46:56 arg1 paper 65:69 nanofibrous filter paper 46:69 nanofibrous filter paper 46:69 Highly efficient chromium(VI) adsorption with nanofibrous filter paper prepared through electrospinning chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate composite. 26686112 8 72 theme X-ray 1443:1447 arg1 XPS 1477:1479 XPS 1477:1479 XPS 1477:1479 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 8 72 theme X-ray 1443:1447 arg1 spectroscopy 1463:1474 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1443:1474 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 1443:1489 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 4 73 theme Cr 826:827 arg1 capacity 798:805 a maximum adsorption capacity 777:805 a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr 777:827 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 4 73 theme Cr 826:827 arg1 g 816:816 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 67.0 mg g(-1) 808:820 The composite nanofibrous membrane with chitosan:PMMA ratio of 0.3:1.0 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (67.0 mg g(-1)) of Cr(VI) in static adsorption, which was nearly three times higher than that of chitosan powder (22.9 mg g(-1)). 26686112 1 74 theme composite 186:194 arg1 membrane 208:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane 147:215 Chitosan/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique with a single solvent system. 26686112 8 75 theme photoelectron 1449:1461 arg1 XPS 1477:1479 XPS 1477:1479 XPS 1477:1479 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 26686112 8 75 theme photoelectron 1449:1461 arg1 spectroscopy 1463:1474 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1443:1474 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 1443:1489 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of Cr(VI). 27314673 6 0 theme cellulose 1123:1131 arg1 hydrogel 1133:1140 the pure cellulose hydrogel 1114:1140 the pure cellulose hydrogel 1114:1140 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 6 0 theme cellulose 1123:1131 arg1 material 1155:1162 an inert material 1146:1162 an inert material for the neural repair 1146:1184 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 2 1 theme conductive 478:487 arg1 side 489:492 one conductive side 474:492 one conductive side in the polymer 474:507 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 6 2 theme pure 1118:1121 arg1 hydrogel 1133:1140 the pure cellulose hydrogel 1114:1140 the pure cellulose hydrogel 1114:1140 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 6 2 theme pure 1118:1121 arg1 material 1155:1162 an inert material 1146:1162 an inert material for the neural repair 1146:1184 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 5 3 theme guiding 974:980 arg1 capacity 982:989 excellent guiding capacity 964:989 excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats 964:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 6 4 dep fact 1104:1107 arg1 basis 1091:1095 basis 1091:1095 basis 1091:1095 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 6 4 dep fact 1104:1107 arg1 the 1087:1089 the 1087:1089 the 1087:1089 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 7 5 theme great 1415:1419 arg1 potential 1421:1429 its great potential 1411:1429 its great potential in biomedical materials 1411:1453 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 5 6 theme sciatic 999:1005 arg1 regeneration 1013:1024 the sciatic nerve regeneration 995:1024 the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats 995:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 0 7 theme Nerve 114:118 arg1 Regeneration 120:131 Nerve Regeneration 114:131 Nerve Regeneration 114:131 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline Assembled in Cellulose Matrix via Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration. 27314673 5 8 theme nerve 1007:1011 arg1 regeneration 1013:1024 the sciatic nerve regeneration 995:1024 the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats 995:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 2 9 used used 368:371 arg2 template 376:383 template 376:383 template 376:383 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 2 9 used used 368:371 arg2 hydrogel 355:362 the cellulose hydrogel 341:362 the cellulose hydrogel 341:362 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 3 10 theme mean 555:558 arg1 diameter 560:567 mean diameter 555:567 mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles 555:630 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 5 11 theme excellent 964:972 arg1 capacity 982:989 excellent guiding capacity 964:989 excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats 964:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 7 12 theme PANI 1327:1330 arg1 conductivity 1311:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity 1259:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI 1259:1330 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 7 13 theme biomedical 1434:1443 arg1 materials 1445:1453 biomedical materials 1434:1453 biomedical materials 1434:1453 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 3 14 theme dendritic 530:538 arg1 particles 540:548 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles 510:548 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles 510:630 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 7 15 theme neurons 1394:1400 arg1 adhesion 1360:1367 adhesion 1360:1367 adhesion 1360:1367 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 7 15 theme neurons 1394:1400 arg1 extension 1381:1389 guiding extension 1373:1389 guiding extension 1373:1389 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 5 16 theme composite 875:883 arg1 hydrogels 885:893 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels 856:893 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels 856:893 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 6 17 theme inert 1149:1153 arg1 hydrogel 1133:1140 the pure cellulose hydrogel 1114:1140 the pure cellulose hydrogel 1114:1140 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 6 17 theme inert 1149:1153 arg1 material 1155:1162 an inert material 1146:1162 an inert material for the neural repair 1146:1184 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 0 18 theme Micro-Nanostructured 0:19 arg1 Polyaniline 21:31 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline 0:31 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline 0:31 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline Assembled in Cellulose Matrix via Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration. 27314673 1 19 theme nerve 206:210 arg1 regeneration 212:223 nerve regeneration 206:223 nerve regeneration 206:223 Conducting polymers have emerged as frontrunners to be alternatives for nerve regeneration, showing a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit. 27314673 5 20 theme extra 1067:1071 arg1 treatment 1073:1081 any extra treatment 1063:1081 any extra treatment 1063:1081 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 2 21 theme present 327:333 arg1 work 335:338 the present work 323:338 the present work 323:338 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 2 22 theme polymerization 440:453 arg1 method 455:460 the limited interfacial polymerization method 416:460 the limited interfacial polymerization method 416:460 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 3 23 theme nm 577:578 arg1 diameter 560:567 mean diameter 555:567 mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles 555:630 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 5 24 theme good 905:908 arg1 properties 921:930 good mechanical properties 905:930 good mechanical properties 905:930 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 2 25 theme interfacial 428:438 arg1 method 455:460 the limited interfacial polymerization method 416:460 the limited interfacial polymerization method 416:460 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 1 26 theme nerve 296:300 arg1 conduit 311:317 the nerve guidance conduit 292:317 the nerve guidance conduit 292:317 Conducting polymers have emerged as frontrunners to be alternatives for nerve regeneration, showing a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit. 27314673 6 27 theme nerve 1239:1243 arg1 regeneration 1245:1256 the peripheral nerve regeneration 1224:1256 the peripheral nerve regeneration 1224:1256 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 4 28 theme phytic 773:778 arg1 acid 780:783 the phytic acid 769:783 the phytic acid 769:783 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 7 29 from potential 1421:1429 arg1 materials 1445:1453 biomedical materials 1434:1453 biomedical materials 1434:1453 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 2 30 theme limited 420:426 arg1 method 455:460 the limited interfacial polymerization method 416:460 the limited interfacial polymerization method 416:460 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 1 31 theme guidance 302:309 arg1 conduit 311:317 the nerve guidance conduit 292:317 the nerve guidance conduit 292:317 Conducting polymers have emerged as frontrunners to be alternatives for nerve regeneration, showing a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit. 27314673 4 32 theme bridge 789:794 arg1 nanoparticles 705:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 4 32 theme bridge 789:794 arg1 " 795:795 "bridge" 788:795 "bridge" at presence of water 788:816 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 2 33 from side 489:492 arg1 polymer 501:507 the polymer 497:507 the polymer 497:507 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 1 34 theme Conducting 134:143 arg1 polymers 145:152 Conducting polymers 134:152 Conducting polymers 134:152 Conducting polymers have emerged as frontrunners to be alternatives for nerve regeneration, showing a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit. 27314673 4 35 theme PANI 700:703 arg1 nanoparticles 705:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 4 35 theme PANI 700:703 arg1 " 795:795 "bridge" 788:795 "bridge" at presence of water 788:816 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 0 36 from Applications 98:109 arg1 Regeneration 120:131 Nerve Regeneration 114:131 Nerve Regeneration 114:131 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline Assembled in Cellulose Matrix via Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration. 27314673 7 37 theme guiding 1373:1379 arg1 extension 1381:1389 guiding extension 1373:1389 guiding extension 1373:1389 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 0 38 theme Cellulose 46:54 arg1 Matrix 56:61 Cellulose Matrix 46:61 Cellulose Matrix 46:61 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline Assembled in Cellulose Matrix via Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration. 27314673 3 39 with particles 540:548 arg1 diameter 560:567 mean diameter 555:567 mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles 555:630 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 3 40 theme PANI 598:601 arg1 nanofibers 603:612 the PANI nanofibers 594:612 the PANI nanofibers 594:612 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 5 41 theme PANI/cellulose 860:873 arg1 hydrogels 885:893 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels 856:893 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels 856:893 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 0 42 theme Interfacial 67:77 arg1 Polymerization 79:92 Interfacial Polymerization 67:92 Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration 67:131 Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline Assembled in Cellulose Matrix via Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration. 27314673 5 43 theme mechanical 910:919 arg1 properties 921:930 good mechanical properties 905:930 good mechanical properties 905:930 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 4 44 theme bonding 835:841 arg1 interaction 843:853 hydrogen bonding interaction 826:853 hydrogen bonding interaction 826:853 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 2 45 theme cellulose 345:353 arg1 template 376:383 template 376:383 template 376:383 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 2 45 theme cellulose 345:353 arg1 hydrogel 355:362 the cellulose hydrogel 341:362 the cellulose hydrogel 341:362 In the present work, the cellulose hydrogel was used as template to in situ synthesize PANI via the limited interfacial polymerization method, leading to one conductive side in the polymer. 27314673 7 46 theme micro-nanostructure 1276:1294 arg1 conductivity 1311:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity 1259:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI 1259:1330 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 4 47 theme hydrogen 826:833 arg1 interaction 843:853 hydrogen bonding interaction 826:853 hydrogen bonding interaction 826:853 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 7 48 theme electrical 1300:1309 arg1 conductivity 1311:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity 1259:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI 1259:1330 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 6 49 theme peripheral 1228:1237 arg1 regeneration 1245:1256 the peripheral nerve regeneration 1224:1256 the peripheral nerve regeneration 1224:1256 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 5 50 theme adult 1029:1033 arg1 rats 1050:1053 adult Sprague-Dawley rats 1029:1053 adult Sprague-Dawley rats 1029:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 4 51 theme water 812:816 arg1 presence 800:807 presence 800:807 presence of water 800:816 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 4 52 theme hydrophilic 743:753 arg1 cellulose 755:763 the hydrophilic cellulose 739:763 the hydrophilic cellulose 739:763 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 6 53 theme neural 1172:1177 arg1 repair 1179:1184 the neural repair 1168:1184 the neural repair 1168:1184 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 3 54 theme cellulose 666:674 arg1 matrix 676:681 the cellulose matrix 662:681 the cellulose matrix 662:681 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 5 55 theme Sprague-Dawley 1035:1048 arg1 rats 1050:1053 adult Sprague-Dawley rats 1029:1053 adult Sprague-Dawley rats 1029:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 4 56 theme hydrophobic 688:698 arg1 nanoparticles 705:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 4 56 theme hydrophobic 688:698 arg1 " 795:795 "bridge" 788:795 "bridge" at presence of water 788:816 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 1 57 theme application 255:265 arg1 possibility 236:246 a possibility 234:246 a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit 234:317 Conducting polymers have emerged as frontrunners to be alternatives for nerve regeneration, showing a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit. 27314673 5 58 theme rats 1050:1053 arg1 regeneration 1013:1024 the sciatic nerve regeneration 995:1024 the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats 995:1053 The PANI/cellulose composite hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as excellent guiding capacity for the sciatic nerve regeneration of adult Sprague-Dawley rats without any extra treatment. 27314673 4 59 from presence 800:807 arg1 nanoparticles 705:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles 684:717 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 4 59 from presence 800:807 arg1 " 795:795 "bridge" 788:795 "bridge" at presence of water 788:816 The hydrophobic PANI nanoparticles were immobilized in the hydrophilic cellulose via the phytic acid as "bridge" at presence of water through hydrogen bonding interaction. 27314673 3 60 theme PANI 510:513 arg1 particles 540:548 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles 510:548 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles 510:630 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 7 61 dep adhesion 1360:1367 arg1 the 1356:1358 the 1356:1358 the 1356:1358 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 6 62 theme indispensable 1202:1214 arg1 role 1216:1219 an indispensable role 1199:1219 an indispensable role 1199:1219 On the basis of the fact that the pure cellulose hydrogel was an inert material for the neural repair, PANI played an indispensable role on the peripheral nerve regeneration. 27314673 3 63 theme sub-micrometer 515:528 arg1 particles 540:548 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles 510:548 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles 510:630 PANI sub-micrometer dendritic particles with mean diameter of ∼300 nm consisting of the PANI nanofibers and nanoparticles were uniformly assembled into the cellulose matrix. 27314673 7 64 theme hierarchical 1263:1274 arg1 conductivity 1311:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity 1259:1322 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI 1259:1330 The hierarchical micro-nanostructure and electrical conductivity of PANI could remarkably induce the adhesion and guiding extension of neurons, showing its great potential in biomedical materials. 27314673 1 65 theme polyaniline 270:280 arg1 application 255:265 the application 251:265 the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit 251:317 Conducting polymers have emerged as frontrunners to be alternatives for nerve regeneration, showing a possibility of the application of polyaniline (PANI) as the nerve guidance conduit. 24211443 5 0 theme Antimicrobial 732:744 arg1 tests 746:750 Antimicrobial tests 732:750 Antimicrobial tests 732:750 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 6 1 theme diverse 937:943 arg1 types 945:949 Such diverse types 932:949 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films 932:991 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 2 2 theme cinnamon 343:350 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 6 3 theme air 1140:1142 arg1 improvement 1152:1162 indoor air quality improvement 1133:1162 indoor air quality improvement 1133:1162 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 0 4 theme sodium 77:82 arg1 alginate 84:91 sodium alginate 77:91 sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties 77:121 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 0 5 with alginate 84:91 arg1 properties 112:121 antimicrobial properties 98:121 antimicrobial properties 98:121 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 6 6 theme food 1069:1072 arg1 packaging 1074:1082 food packaging 1069:1082 food packaging 1069:1082 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 6 7 theme alginate 978:985 arg1 films 987:991 essential oil-fortified alginate films 954:991 essential oil-fortified alginate films 954:991 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 0 8 theme antimicrobial 98:110 arg1 properties 112:121 antimicrobial properties 98:121 antimicrobial properties 98:121 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 6 9 theme oil-fortified 964:976 arg1 films 987:991 essential oil-fortified alginate films 954:991 essential oil-fortified alginate films 954:991 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 4 10 theme films 698:702 arg1 properties 655:664 mechanical properties 644:664 mechanical properties 644:664 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 4 10 theme films 698:702 arg1 resistance 680:689 humidity resistance 671:689 humidity resistance 671:689 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 4 10 theme films 698:702 arg1 topography 610:619 The topography 606:619 The topography 606:619 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 4 10 theme films 698:702 arg1 composition 631:641 chemical composition 622:641 chemical composition 622:641 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 6 11 theme packaging 1074:1082 arg1 materials 1164:1172 food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials 1069:1172 food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials 1069:1172 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 1 12 theme remarkable 248:257 arg1 properties 290:299 remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties 248:299 remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties 248:299 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 4 13 theme humidity 671:678 arg1 resistance 680:689 humidity resistance 671:689 humidity resistance 671:689 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 6 14 theme disposable 1030:1039 arg1 dressings 1047:1055 disposable wound dressings 1030:1055 disposable wound dressings 1030:1055 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 6 15 theme improvement 1152:1162 arg1 materials 1164:1172 food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials 1069:1172 food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials 1069:1172 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 5 16 theme Candida 854:860 arg1 albicans 862:869 Candida albicans 854:869 Candida albicans 854:869 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 1 17 theme essential 177:185 arg1 EOs 193:195 EOs 193:195 EOs 193:195 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 1 17 theme essential 177:185 arg1 oils 187:190 essential oils 177:190 essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 177:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 6 18 theme essential 954:962 arg1 films 987:991 essential oil-fortified alginate films 954:991 essential oil-fortified alginate films 954:991 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 6 19 theme films 987:991 arg1 types 945:949 Such diverse types 932:949 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films 932:991 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 2 20 theme lemon 412:416 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 2 21 theme tree 367:370 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 0 22 theme composite 12:20 arg1 films 37:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films 0:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils 0:59 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 1 23 theme polymeric 143:151 arg1 films 163:167 natural polymeric composite films 135:167 natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 135:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 2 24 theme elicriso 310:317 arg1 italic 319:324 elicriso italic 310:324 elicriso italic 310:324 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 2 25 theme tea 363:365 arg1 tree 367:370 tea tree 363:370 tea tree 363:370 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 0 26 theme All-natural 0:10 arg1 films 37:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films 0:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils 0:59 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 1 27 theme anti-microbial 259:272 arg1 properties 290:299 remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties 248:299 remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties 248:299 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 6 28 theme indoor 1133:1138 arg1 improvement 1152:1162 indoor air quality improvement 1133:1162 indoor air quality improvement 1133:1162 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 4 29 theme chemical 622:629 arg1 composition 631:641 chemical composition 622:641 chemical composition 622:641 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 0 30 theme dressing 28:35 arg1 films 37:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films 0:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils 0:59 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 5 31 theme different 787:795 arg1 percentages 797:807 different percentages 787:807 different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi 787:875 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 5 32 theme EOs 812:814 arg1 percentages 797:807 different percentages 787:807 different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi 787:875 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 0 33 theme wound 22:26 arg1 films 37:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films 0:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils 0:59 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 1 34 theme anti-fungal 278:288 arg1 properties 290:299 remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties 248:299 remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties 248:299 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 2 35 theme lavender 353:360 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 2 36 theme eucalyptus 385:394 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 6 37 theme Such 932:935 arg1 types 945:949 Such diverse types 932:949 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films 932:991 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 3 38 from dispersion 567:576 arg1 matrix 598:603 the NaAlg matrix 588:603 the NaAlg matrix 588:603 Glycerol was used to induce plasticity and surfactants were added to improve the dispersion of EOs in the NaAlg matrix. 24211443 5 39 theme Escherichia 824:834 arg1 bacteria 841:848 Escherichia coli bacteria 824:848 Escherichia coli bacteria 824:848 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 4 40 theme mechanical 644:653 arg1 properties 655:664 mechanical properties 644:664 mechanical properties 644:664 The topography, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and humidity resistance of the films are presented analytically. 24211443 3 41 theme NaAlg 592:596 arg1 matrix 598:603 the NaAlg matrix 588:603 the NaAlg matrix 588:603 Glycerol was used to induce plasticity and surfactants were added to improve the dispersion of EOs in the NaAlg matrix. 24211443 1 42 theme sodium 211:216 arg1 matrix 235:240 sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 211:240 sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 211:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 0 43 theme oils 56:59 arg1 films 37:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films 0:41 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils 0:59 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 5 44 contain containing 776:785 arg1 films 770:774 films 770:774 films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi 770:875 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 5 44 contain containing 776:785 arg2 percentages 797:807 different percentages 787:807 different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi 787:875 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 5 45 dep bacteria 841:848 arg1 fungi 871:875 fungi 871:875 fungi 871:875 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 6 46 theme medical 1085:1091 arg1 protection 1100:1109 medical device protection 1085:1109 medical device protection 1085:1109 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 2 47 theme blue 337:340 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 0 48 theme essential 46:54 arg1 oils 56:59 essential oils 46:59 essential oils 46:59 All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oils encapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial properties. 24211443 3 49 theme EOs 581:583 arg1 dispersion 567:576 the dispersion 563:576 the dispersion of EOs in the NaAlg matrix 563:603 Glycerol was used to induce plasticity and surfactants were added to improve the dispersion of EOs in the NaAlg matrix. 24211443 5 50 dep Escherichia 824:834 arg1 coli 836:839 coli 836:839 coli 836:839 Antimicrobial tests were conducted on films containing different percentages of EOs against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, and the films were characterized as effective or not. 24211443 6 51 theme many 1002:1005 arg1 applications 1007:1018 many applications 1002:1018 many applications 1002:1018 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 1 52 theme natural 135:141 arg1 films 163:167 natural polymeric composite films 135:167 natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 135:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 6 53 theme device 1093:1098 arg1 protection 1100:1109 medical device protection 1085:1109 medical device protection 1085:1109 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 1 54 theme alginate 218:225 arg1 matrix 235:240 sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 211:240 sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 211:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 6 55 theme quality 1144:1150 arg1 improvement 1152:1162 indoor air quality improvement 1133:1162 indoor air quality improvement 1133:1162 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 2 56 theme italic 319:324 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 6 57 theme protection 1100:1109 arg1 materials 1164:1172 food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials 1069:1172 food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials 1069:1172 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 2 58 theme active 467:472 arg1 substances 474:483 potential active substances 457:483 potential active substances 457:483 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 2 59 theme peppermint 373:382 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 6 60 theme wound 1041:1045 arg1 dressings 1047:1055 disposable wound dressings 1030:1055 disposable wound dressings 1030:1055 Such diverse types of essential oil-fortified alginate films can find many applications mainly as disposable wound dressings but also in food packaging, medical device protection and disinfection, and indoor air quality improvement materials, to name a few. 24211443 1 61 theme composite 153:161 arg1 films 163:167 natural polymeric composite films 135:167 natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 135:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 3 62 used used 499:502 arg2 Glycerol 486:493 Glycerol 486:493 Glycerol 486:493 Glycerol was used to induce plasticity and surfactants were added to improve the dispersion of EOs in the NaAlg matrix. 24211443 1 63 theme NaAlg 228:232 arg1 matrix 235:240 sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 211:240 sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix 211:240 We present natural polymeric composite films made of essential oils (EOs) dispersed in sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix, with remarkable anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. 24211443 2 64 theme potential 457:465 arg1 substances 474:483 potential active substances 457:483 potential active substances 457:483 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 24211443 2 65 theme lemongrass 397:406 arg1 oils 418:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils 310:421 Namely, elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass and lemon oils were encapsulated in the films as potential active substances. 29055192 5 0 theme % 1263:1263 arg1 dose 1290:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 0 theme % 1263:1263 arg1 TCID50/mL 1242:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL 1226:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1226:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 1 theme current 1204:1210 arg1 response 1212:1219 a linear current response 1195:1219 a linear current response 1195:1219 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 2 2 from nanocomposites 519:532 arg1 electrodes 551:560 glassy carbon electrodes 537:560 glassy carbon electrodes 537:560 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 5 3 theme culture 1272:1278 arg1 dose 1290:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 3 theme culture 1272:1278 arg1 TCID50/mL 1242:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL 1226:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1226:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 2 4 theme carbon 544:549 arg1 electrodes 551:560 glassy carbon electrodes 537:560 glassy carbon electrodes 537:560 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 0 5 dep J 147:147 arg1 immunosensor 16:27 Electrochemical immunosensor 0:27 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus 0:136 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 5 6 theme 101.98 1326:1331 arg1 S/N 1344:1346 S/N = 3 1344:1350 S/N = 3 1344:1350 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 6 theme 101.98 1326:1331 arg1 TCID50/mL 1333:1341 101.98 TCID50/mL 1326:1341 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1326:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 7 theme infective 1280:1288 arg1 dose 1290:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 7 theme infective 1280:1288 arg1 TCID50/mL 1242:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL 1226:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1226:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 0 8 theme leukosis 123:130 arg1 virus 132:136 avian leukosis virus 117:136 avian leukosis virus 117:136 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 4 9 theme antibodies 972:981 arg1 carrier 951:957 a carrier 949:957 a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) 949:987 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 1 10 theme catalytic 491:499 arg1 reaction 501:508 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 460:508 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 460:508 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 5 11 theme TCID50/mL 1333:1341 arg1 limit 1317:1321 a low detection limit 1301:1321 a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1301:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 4 12 theme Au 1035:1036 arg1 properties 1021:1030 the catalytic properties 1007:1030 the catalytic properties of Au and ALP 1007:1044 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 0 13 theme avian 117:121 arg1 virus 132:136 avian leukosis virus 117:136 avian leukosis virus 117:136 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 1 14 theme nanocellulose-Au 417:432 arg1 NC-Au 449:453 NC-Au 449:453 NC-Au 449:453 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 14 theme nanocellulose-Au 417:432 arg1 composites 437:446 nanocellulose-Au NP composites 417:446 nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) 417:454 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 4 15 theme secondary 962:970 arg1 Ab2 984:986 Ab2 984:986 Ab2 984:986 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 4 15 theme secondary 962:970 arg1 antibodies 972:981 secondary antibodies 962:981 secondary antibodies (Ab2) 962:987 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 3 16 theme excellent 612:620 arg1 conductivity 633:644 their excellent electrical conductivity 606:644 their excellent electrical conductivity 606:644 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 6 17 theme high 1369:1372 arg1 sensitivity 1374:1384 high sensitivity 1369:1384 high sensitivity 1369:1384 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 0 18 theme subgroup 138:145 arg1 J 147:147 subgroup J 138:147 subgroup J 138:147 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 1 19 theme NP 434:435 arg1 NC-Au 449:453 NC-Au 449:453 NC-Au 449:453 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 19 theme NP 434:435 arg1 composites 437:446 nanocellulose-Au NP composites 417:446 nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) 417:454 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 4 20 theme composites 935:944 arg1 introduction 913:924 the introduction 909:924 the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) 909:987 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 3 21 dep nanocomposites 693:706 arg1 allowed 708:714 allowed 708:714 allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies 708:783 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 5 22 dep 104.0 1236:1240 arg1 to 1233:1234 to 1233:1234 to 1233:1234 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 23 theme = 1348:1348 arg1 S/N 1344:1346 S/N = 3 1344:1350 S/N = 3 1344:1350 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 23 theme = 1348:1348 arg1 TCID50/mL 1333:1341 101.98 TCID50/mL 1326:1341 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1326:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 4 24 theme NC-Au 929:933 arg1 composites 935:944 NC-Au composites 929:944 NC-Au composites 929:944 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 0 25 theme virus 132:136 arg1 detection 104:112 detection 104:112 detection of avian leukosis virus 104:136 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 3 26 theme strong 806:811 arg1 signal 826:831 a strong immunosensor signal 804:831 a strong immunosensor signal 804:831 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 2 27 theme glassy 537:542 arg1 electrodes 551:560 glassy carbon electrodes 537:560 glassy carbon electrodes 537:560 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 4 28 theme detected 863:870 arg1 signal 872:877 The detected signal 859:877 The detected signal 859:877 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 2 29 theme immunosensor 576:587 arg1 nanocomposites 519:532 GR-PTCA nanocomposites 511:532 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes 511:560 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 2 29 theme immunosensor 576:587 arg1 platform 589:596 the immunosensor platform 572:596 the immunosensor platform 572:596 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 3 30 theme immunosensor 813:824 arg1 signal 826:831 a strong immunosensor signal 804:831 a strong immunosensor signal 804:831 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 6 31 theme quantitative 1521:1532 arg1 detection 1534:1542 the quantitative detection 1517:1542 the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis 1517:1573 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 5 32 with TCID50/mL 1242:1250 arg1 limit 1317:1321 a low detection limit 1301:1321 a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1301:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 0 33 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 immunosensor 16:27 Electrochemical immunosensor 0:27 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus 0:136 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 3 34 theme primary 766:772 arg1 antibodies 774:783 primary antibodies 766:783 primary antibodies 766:783 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 0 35 theme nanocellulose-Au 34:49 arg1 amplification 86:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 1 36 theme multiple 303:310 arg1 amplification 319:331 multiple signal amplification 303:331 multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 303:508 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 5 37 theme excellent 1126:1134 arg1 performance 1147:1157 excellent analytical performance 1126:1157 excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J 1126:1184 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 3 38 theme electrical 622:631 arg1 conductivity 633:644 their excellent electrical conductivity 606:644 their excellent electrical conductivity 606:644 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 5 39 theme electrochemical 1087:1101 arg1 immunosensor 1103:1114 the electrochemical immunosensor 1083:1114 the electrochemical immunosensor 1083:1114 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 3 40 theme abundant 650:657 arg1 sites 674:678 abundant polycarboxylic sites 650:678 abundant polycarboxylic sites 650:678 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 1 41 theme signal 312:317 arg1 amplification 319:331 multiple signal amplification 303:331 multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 303:508 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 42 theme avian 240:244 arg1 virus 255:259 avian leukosis virus 240:259 avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) 240:278 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 0 43 theme assisted 61:68 arg1 amplification 86:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 5 44 theme tissue 1265:1270 arg1 dose 1290:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose 1253:1293 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 5 44 theme tissue 1265:1270 arg1 TCID50/mL 1242:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL 1226:1250 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1226:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 4 45 theme catalytic 1011:1019 arg1 properties 1021:1030 the catalytic properties 1007:1030 the catalytic properties of Au and ALP 1007:1044 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 3 46 theme good 743:746 arg1 immobilization 748:761 good immobilization 743:761 good immobilization of primary antibodies 743:783 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 5 47 theme analytical 1136:1145 arg1 performance 1147:1157 excellent analytical performance 1126:1157 excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J 1126:1184 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 1 48 theme leukosis 246:253 arg1 virus 255:259 avian leukosis virus 240:259 avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) 240:278 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 0 49 theme composite 51:59 arg1 amplification 86:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 3 50 theme electron 721:728 arg1 transfer 730:737 fast electron transfer 716:737 fast electron transfer 716:737 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 6 51 theme potential 1491:1499 arg1 application 1501:1511 potential application 1491:1511 potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis 1491:1573 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 1 52 theme virus 255:259 arg1 ALV-J 273:277 ALV-J 273:277 ALV-J 273:277 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 52 theme virus 255:259 arg1 J 270:270 avian leukosis virus subgroup J 240:270 avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) 240:278 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 0 53 theme signal 79:84 arg1 amplification 86:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 1 54 theme graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic 343:384 arg1 GR-PTCA 407:413 GR-PTCA 407:413 GR-PTCA 407:413 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 54 theme graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic 343:384 arg1 nanocomposites 391:404 graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites 343:404 graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA) 343:414 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 3 55 theme ALV-J 852:856 arg1 presence 840:847 the presence 836:847 the presence of ALV-J 836:856 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 3 56 theme polycarboxylic 659:672 arg1 sites 674:678 abundant polycarboxylic sites 650:678 abundant polycarboxylic sites 650:678 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 5 57 theme linear 1197:1202 arg1 response 1212:1219 a linear current response 1195:1219 a linear current response 1195:1219 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 6 58 dep sensitivity 1374:1384 arg1 addition 1357:1364 addition 1357:1364 addition 1357:1364 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 0 59 theme multiple 70:77 arg1 amplification 86:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 1 60 theme acid 386:389 arg1 GR-PTCA 407:413 GR-PTCA 407:413 GR-PTCA 407:413 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 60 theme acid 386:389 arg1 nanocomposites 391:404 graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites 343:404 graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA) 343:414 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 61 theme alkaline 464:471 arg1 phosphatase 473:483 alkaline phosphatase 464:483 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 460:508 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 61 theme alkaline 464:471 arg1 ALP 486:488 ALP 486:488 ALP 486:488 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 3 62 theme antibodies 774:783 arg1 transfer 730:737 fast electron transfer 716:737 fast electron transfer 716:737 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 3 62 theme antibodies 774:783 arg1 immobilization 748:761 good immobilization 743:761 good immobilization of primary antibodies 743:783 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 0 63 with immunosensor 16:27 arg1 amplification 86:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification 34:98 Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 29055192 5 64 theme ALV-J 1180:1184 arg1 detection 1167:1175 the detection 1163:1175 the detection of ALV-J 1163:1184 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 1 65 theme phosphatase 473:483 arg1 reaction 501:508 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 460:508 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 460:508 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 5 66 theme testing 1063:1069 arg1 conditions 1071:1080 optimized testing conditions 1053:1080 optimized testing conditions 1053:1080 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 6 67 theme clinical 1556:1563 arg1 diagnosis 1565:1573 clinical diagnosis 1556:1573 clinical diagnosis 1556:1573 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 1 68 theme subgroup 261:268 arg1 ALV-J 273:277 ALV-J 273:277 ALV-J 273:277 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 1 68 theme subgroup 261:268 arg1 J 270:270 avian leukosis virus subgroup J 240:270 avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) 240:278 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 5 69 theme optimized 1053:1061 arg1 conditions 1071:1080 optimized testing conditions 1053:1080 optimized testing conditions 1053:1080 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 3 70 theme fast 716:719 arg1 transfer 730:737 fast electron transfer 716:737 fast electron transfer 716:737 Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. 29055192 1 71 theme sensitive 152:160 arg1 immunosensor 192:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 150:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 150:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 2 72 theme GR-PTCA 511:517 arg1 nanocomposites 519:532 GR-PTCA nanocomposites 511:532 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes 511:560 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 2 72 theme GR-PTCA 511:517 arg1 platform 589:596 the immunosensor platform 572:596 the immunosensor platform 572:596 GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. 29055192 1 73 theme J 270:270 arg1 detection 227:235 the detection 223:235 the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction 223:508 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 6 74 theme operational 1454:1464 arg1 stability 1466:1474 operational stability 1454:1474 operational stability 1454:1474 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 6 75 theme good 1416:1419 arg1 selectivity 1421:1431 selectivity 1421:1431 selectivity 1421:1431 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 1 76 theme sandwich-type 162:174 arg1 immunosensor 192:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 150:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 150:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 6 77 theme ALV-J 1547:1551 arg1 detection 1534:1542 the quantitative detection 1517:1542 the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis 1517:1573 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 5 78 theme low 1303:1305 arg1 limit 1317:1321 a low detection limit 1301:1321 a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1301:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 29055192 4 79 theme ALP 1042:1044 arg1 properties 1021:1030 the catalytic properties 1007:1030 the catalytic properties of Au and ALP 1007:1044 The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and ALP. 29055192 6 80 from detection 1534:1542 arg1 diagnosis 1565:1573 clinical diagnosis 1556:1573 clinical diagnosis 1556:1573 In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis. 29055192 1 81 theme electrochemical 176:190 arg1 immunosensor 192:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 150:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 150:203 A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. 29055192 5 82 theme detection 1307:1315 arg1 limit 1317:1321 a low detection limit 1301:1321 a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3) 1301:1351 Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 102.08 to 104.0 TCID50/mL (TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 101.98 TCID50/mL (S/N = 3). 25315406 3 0 theme high 700:703 arg1 modulus 713:719 high storage modulus 700:719 high storage modulus (G') values 700:731 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 3 0 theme high 700:703 arg1 G 722:722 G' 722:723 G' 722:723 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 7 1 theme pH-triggered 1310:1321 arg1 breakdown 1335:1343 pH-triggered gel network breakdown 1310:1343 pH-triggered gel network breakdown 1310:1343 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 8 2 theme new 1383:1385 arg1 mixtures 1404:1411 new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures 1383:1411 new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time 1383:1443 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 6 3 theme particles 1174:1182 arg1 smaller 1198:1204 smaller 1198:1204 smaller 1198:1204 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 6 3 theme particles 1174:1182 arg1 size 1159:1162 the pore size 1150:1162 the pore size of the MG particles 1150:1182 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 3 4 theme loss 771:774 arg1 G″ 761:762 G″ 761:762 G″ 761:762 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 3 4 theme loss 771:774 arg1 modulus 776:782 the loss modulus 767:782 the loss modulus 767:782 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 6 5 theme Dexox 1223:1227 arg1 coils 1229:1233 the Dexox coils 1219:1233 the Dexox coils 1219:1233 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 3 6 theme effective 677:685 arg1 network 687:693 an elastically effective network 662:693 an elastically effective network 662:693 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 6 7 theme pore 1154:1157 arg1 smaller 1198:1204 smaller 1198:1204 smaller 1198:1204 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 6 7 theme pore 1154:1157 arg1 size 1159:1162 the pore size 1150:1162 the pore size of the MG particles 1150:1182 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 1 8 theme formation 165:173 arg1 investigation 144:156 an investigation 141:156 an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox) 141:382 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 9 theme ethyl 282:286 arg1 ether 300:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 9 theme ethyl 282:286 arg1 poly 259:262 cationic poly 250:262 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 5 10 dep 130 1009:1011 arg1 to 1006:1007 to 1006:1007 to 1006:1007 Interestingly, the yield strains determined from rheology also increased with MR and yield strains of up to 130% were measured. 25315406 1 11 theme vinylamine 288:297 arg1 ether 300:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 11 theme vinylamine 288:297 arg1 poly 259:262 cationic poly 250:262 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 0 12 theme pH-triggered 88:99 arg1 degradation 101:111 pH-triggered degradation 88:111 pH-triggered degradation 88:111 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels: characterisation; properties and pH-triggered degradation. 25315406 1 13 theme oxidised 359:366 arg1 dextran 368:374 partially oxidised dextran 349:374 partially oxidised dextran (Dexox) 349:382 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 13 theme oxidised 359:366 arg1 Dexox 377:381 Dexox 377:381 Dexox 377:381 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 8 14 theme hydrogels 1550:1558 arg1 ductility 1537:1545 ductility 1537:1545 ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles 1537:1582 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 2 15 theme Dexox 508:512 arg1 groups 536:541 the primary amine groups 518:541 the primary amine groups on the MG particles 518:561 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 15 theme Dexox 508:512 arg1 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 15 theme Dexox 508:512 arg1 groups 498:503 aldehyde groups 489:503 aldehyde groups of Dexox 489:512 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 7 16 theme gel 1323:1325 arg1 breakdown 1335:1343 pH-triggered gel network breakdown 1310:1343 pH-triggered gel network breakdown 1310:1343 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 8 17 contain containing 1560:1569 arg1 hydrogels 1550:1558 hydrogels 1550:1558 hydrogels containing MG particles 1550:1582 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 8 17 contain containing 1560:1569 arg2 particles 1574:1582 MG particles 1571:1582 MG particles 1571:1582 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 2 18 theme colloidal 405:413 arg1 formation 434:442 colloidal hydrogel composite formation 405:442 colloidal hydrogel composite formation 405:442 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 3 19 theme storage 705:711 arg1 modulus 713:719 high storage modulus 700:719 high storage modulus (G') values 700:731 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 3 19 theme storage 705:711 arg1 G 722:722 G' 722:723 G' 722:723 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 6 20 theme size 1060:1063 arg1 nanoparticles 1032:1044 Au nanoparticles 1029:1044 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains 1029:1083 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 8 21 theme MG 1571:1572 arg1 particles 1574:1582 MG particles 1571:1582 MG particles 1571:1582 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 1 22 theme characterisation 176:191 arg1 investigation 144:156 an investigation 141:156 an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox) 141:382 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 2 23 theme imine 445:449 arg1 bonds 451:455 imine bonds 445:455 imine bonds 445:455 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 3 24 theme modulus 713:719 arg1 values 726:731 high storage modulus (G') values 700:731 high storage modulus (G') values 700:731 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 3 25 contain contained 588:596 arg1 hydrogels 578:586 The composite hydrogels 564:586 The composite hydrogels 564:586 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 3 25 contain contained 588:596 arg2 particles 601:609 MG particles 598:609 MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 598:790 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 4 26 theme mass 869:872 arg1 MR 881:882 MR 881:882 MR 881:882 The G' values for the MG-Dexox gels increased exponentially with increasing mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG. 25315406 4 26 theme mass 869:872 arg1 ratio 874:878 mass ratio 869:878 mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG 869:898 The G' values for the MG-Dexox gels increased exponentially with increasing mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG. 25315406 7 27 theme acidic 1277:1282 arg1 conditions 1284:1293 acidic conditions 1277:1293 acidic conditions 1277:1293 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 6 28 theme particles 1119:1127 arg1 surface 1101:1107 the surface 1097:1107 the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils 1097:1233 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 7 29 theme imine 1349:1353 arg1 cleavage 1360:1367 imine bond cleavage 1349:1367 imine bond cleavage 1349:1367 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 0 30 dep properties 73:82 arg1 characterisation 55:70 characterisation 55:70 characterisation 55:70 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels: characterisation; properties and pH-triggered degradation. 25315406 0 30 dep properties 73:82 arg1 hydrogels 44:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels 0:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels 0:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels: characterisation; properties and pH-triggered degradation. 25315406 3 31 theme =G″/G 747:751 arg1 values 785:790 low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 737:790 low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 737:790 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 1 32 theme triggered-degradation 197:217 arg1 investigation 144:156 an investigation 141:156 an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox) 141:382 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 8 33 theme MG/aldehyde 1392:1402 arg1 mixtures 1404:1411 new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures 1383:1411 new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time 1383:1443 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 7 34 theme MG-Dexox 1240:1247 arg1 gels 1249:1252 The MG-Dexox gels 1236:1252 The MG-Dexox gels 1236:1252 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 6 35 theme MG 1116:1117 arg1 particles 1119:1127 the MG particles 1112:1127 the MG particles 1112:1127 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 2 36 theme hydrogel 415:422 arg1 formation 434:442 colloidal hydrogel composite formation 405:442 colloidal hydrogel composite formation 405:442 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 37 theme composite 424:432 arg1 formation 434:442 colloidal hydrogel composite formation 405:442 colloidal hydrogel composite formation 405:442 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 6 38 theme Au 1029:1030 arg1 nanoparticles 1032:1044 Au nanoparticles 1029:1044 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains 1029:1083 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 1 39 theme mixed 222:226 arg1 dispersions 228:238 mixed dispersions 222:238 mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox) 222:382 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 0 40 theme composite 34:42 arg1 hydrogels 44:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels 0:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels 0:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels: characterisation; properties and pH-triggered degradation. 25315406 8 41 theme first 1434:1438 arg1 time 1440:1443 the first time 1430:1443 the first time 1430:1443 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 2 42 theme amine 530:534 arg1 groups 536:541 the primary amine groups 518:541 the primary amine groups on the MG particles 518:561 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 42 theme amine 530:534 arg1 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 5 43 theme yield 920:924 arg1 strains 926:932 the yield strains 916:932 the yield strains determined from rheology 916:957 Interestingly, the yield strains determined from rheology also increased with MR and yield strains of up to 130% were measured. 25315406 1 44 theme dispersions 228:238 arg1 triggered-degradation 197:217 triggered-degradation 197:217 triggered-degradation 197:217 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 44 theme dispersions 228:238 arg1 characterisation 176:191 characterisation 176:191 characterisation 176:191 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 44 theme dispersions 228:238 arg1 formation 165:173 the formation 161:173 the formation 161:173 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 0 45 theme microgel-dextran 17:32 arg1 hydrogels 44:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels 0:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels 0:52 Poly(vinylamine) microgel-dextran composite hydrogels: characterisation; properties and pH-triggered degradation. 25315406 7 46 theme network 1327:1333 arg1 breakdown 1335:1343 pH-triggered gel network breakdown 1310:1343 pH-triggered gel network breakdown 1310:1343 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 2 47 theme primary 522:528 arg1 groups 536:541 the primary amine groups 518:541 the primary amine groups on the MG particles 518:561 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 47 theme primary 522:528 arg1 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 48 from groups 498:503 arg1 particles 553:561 the MG particles 546:561 the MG particles 546:561 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 3 49 theme tanδ 741:744 arg1 values 785:790 low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 737:790 low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 737:790 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 1 50 theme microgel 321:328 arg1 particles 335:343 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 4 51 theme MG-Dexox 815:822 arg1 gels 824:827 the MG-Dexox gels 811:827 the MG-Dexox gels 811:827 The G' values for the MG-Dexox gels increased exponentially with increasing mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG. 25315406 8 52 theme PVAM 1387:1390 arg1 mixtures 1404:1411 new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures 1383:1411 new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time 1383:1443 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 1 53 theme present 118:124 arg1 study 126:130 The present study 114:130 The present study 114:130 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 3 54 theme low 737:739 arg1 values 785:790 low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 737:790 low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 737:790 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 6 55 theme MG 1171:1172 arg1 particles 1174:1182 the MG particles 1167:1182 the MG particles 1167:1182 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 3 56 theme composite 568:576 arg1 hydrogels 578:586 The composite hydrogels 564:586 The composite hydrogels 564:586 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 5 57 theme yield 986:990 arg1 strains 992:998 yield strains 986:998 yield strains of up to 130% 986:1012 Interestingly, the yield strains determined from rheology also increased with MR and yield strains of up to 130% were measured. 25315406 8 58 theme colloidal 1472:1480 arg1 gels 1482:1485 ductile and versatile colloidal gels 1450:1485 ductile and versatile colloidal gels 1450:1485 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 1 59 theme MG 331:332 arg1 particles 335:343 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 2 60 theme MG 550:551 arg1 particles 553:561 the MG particles 546:561 the MG particles 546:561 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 8 61 theme new 1495:1497 arg1 method 1499:1504 our new method 1491:1504 our new method 1491:1504 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 1 62 theme cationic 250:257 arg1 ether 300:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 62 theme cationic 250:257 arg1 PVAM-BEVAME 308:318 PVAM-BEVAME 308:318 PVAM-BEVAME 308:318 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 62 theme cationic 250:257 arg1 poly 259:262 cationic poly 250:262 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 7 63 theme bond 1355:1358 arg1 cleavage 1360:1367 imine bond cleavage 1349:1367 imine bond cleavage 1349:1367 The MG-Dexox gels were also subjected to acidic conditions to demonstrate pH-triggered gel network breakdown via imine bond cleavage. 25315406 6 64 theme Dexox 1072:1076 arg1 chains 1078:1083 the Dexox chains 1068:1083 the Dexox chains 1068:1083 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 1 65 theme poly 259:262 arg1 particles 335:343 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 4 66 theme Dexox 888:892 arg1 MR 881:882 MR 881:882 MR 881:882 The G' values for the MG-Dexox gels increased exponentially with increasing mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG. 25315406 4 66 theme Dexox 888:892 arg1 ratio 874:878 mass ratio 869:878 mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG 869:898 The G' values for the MG-Dexox gels increased exponentially with increasing mass ratio (MR) of Dexox to MG. 25315406 3 67 theme MG 598:599 arg1 particles 601:609 MG particles 598:609 MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values 598:790 The composite hydrogels contained MG particles that were externally cross-linked by Dexox to form an elastically effective network with high storage modulus (G') values and low tanδ (=G″/G', where G″ is the loss modulus) values. 25315406 6 68 theme comparable 1049:1058 arg1 size 1060:1063 comparable size 1049:1063 comparable size 1049:1063 Au nanoparticles of comparable size to the Dexox chains adsorbed to the surface of the MG particles, which suggests that the pore size of the MG particles may have been smaller than that of the Dexox coils. 25315406 8 69 theme versatile 1462:1470 arg1 gels 1482:1485 ductile and versatile colloidal gels 1450:1485 ductile and versatile colloidal gels 1450:1485 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 2 70 theme aldehyde 489:496 arg1 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 Dexox 508:512 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 2 70 theme aldehyde 489:496 arg1 groups 498:503 aldehyde groups 489:503 aldehyde groups of Dexox 489:512 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 5 71 theme % 1012:1012 arg1 strains 992:998 yield strains 986:998 yield strains of up to 130% 986:1012 Interestingly, the yield strains determined from rheology also increased with MR and yield strains of up to 130% were measured. 25315406 2 72 from groups 536:541 arg1 particles 553:561 the MG particles 546:561 the MG particles 546:561 In this approach to colloidal hydrogel composite formation, imine bonds were formed by reaction between aldehyde groups of Dexox and the primary amine groups on the MG particles. 25315406 8 73 theme ductile 1450:1456 arg1 gels 1482:1485 ductile and versatile colloidal gels 1450:1485 ductile and versatile colloidal gels 1450:1485 We show that new PVAM MG/aldehyde mixtures studied here for the first time form ductile and versatile colloidal gels and our new method provides a route to increasing ductility of hydrogels containing MG particles. 25315406 1 74 theme vinylamine-co-bis 264:280 arg1 ether 300:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether 264:304 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 25315406 1 74 theme vinylamine-co-bis 264:280 arg1 poly 259:262 cationic poly 250:262 cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles 250:343 The present study involves an investigation of the formation, characterisation and triggered-degradation of mixed dispersions involving cationic poly(vinylamine-co-bis(ethyl vinylamine) ether) (PVAM-BEVAME) microgel (MG) particles and partially oxidised dextran (Dexox). 28778522 1 0 theme transdermal 136:146 arg1 delivery 153:160 transdermal drug delivery 136:160 transdermal drug delivery 136:160 In this paper, a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery is presented. 28778522 6 1 theme drug 990:993 arg1 capacity 1003:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 5 2 theme modified 735:742 arg1 microneedles 747:758 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles 713:758 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles 713:758 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 9 3 theme controllable 1309:1320 arg1 properties 1322:1331 The controllable properties 1305:1331 The controllable properties 1305:1331 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 5 4 with hydrogels 854:862 arg1 inside 893:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 5 5 theme semi-solid 843:852 arg1 hydrogels 854:862 semi-solid hydrogels 843:862 semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside 843:898 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 1 6 theme drug 148:151 arg1 delivery 153:160 transdermal drug delivery 136:160 transdermal drug delivery 136:160 In this paper, a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery is presented. 28778522 6 7 theme transdermal 978:988 arg1 capacity 1003:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 2 8 theme 3D 322:323 arg1 structure 341:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 9 9 theme swell-to-release 1407:1422 arg1 devices 1473:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 9 9 theme swell-to-release 1407:1422 arg1 composites 1431:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 6 10 theme enhanced 969:976 arg1 capacity 1003:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 7 11 theme larger 1119:1124 arg1 pores 1126:1130 larger pores 1119:1130 larger pores 1119:1130 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 7 12 theme higher 1146:1151 arg1 kinetics 1178:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 2 13 theme semi-solid 254:263 arg1 state 283:287 a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state 252:287 a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 252:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 2 14 with state 283:287 arg1 structure 341:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 5 15 with pierce 771:776 arg1 depth 798:802 a depth 796:802 a depth of ∼200μm 796:812 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 6 16 dep characteristics 1044:1058 arg1 proportion 1015:1024 proportion 1015:1024 proportion 1015:1024 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 5 17 theme porous 878:883 arg1 inside 893:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 6 18 theme swelling 1035:1042 arg1 characteristics 1044:1058 their swelling characteristics 1029:1058 their swelling characteristics 1029:1058 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 8 19 theme swollen 1225:1231 arg1 dimensions 1238:1247 swollen pore dimensions 1225:1247 swollen pore dimensions 1225:1247 There is also a relationship between swollen pore dimensions and the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics. 28778522 9 20 theme SF 1342:1343 arg1 microneedles 1345:1356 these SF microneedles 1336:1356 these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility 1336:1397 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 5 21 theme SF 744:745 arg1 microneedles 747:758 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles 713:758 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles 713:758 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 3 22 theme micromolecular 362:375 arg1 reagents 377:384 Different micromolecular reagents 352:384 Different micromolecular reagents 352:384 Different micromolecular reagents have been studied for mixing with aqueous silk fibroin to endow a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF. 28778522 3 23 theme aqueous 420:426 arg1 fibroin 433:439 aqueous silk fibroin 420:439 aqueous silk fibroin 420:439 Different micromolecular reagents have been studied for mixing with aqueous silk fibroin to endow a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF. 28778522 0 24 theme silk 10:13 arg1 fibroin 15:21 Swellable silk fibroin 0:21 Swellable silk fibroin 0:21 Swellable silk fibroin microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. 28778522 9 25 theme microneedles 1345:1356 arg1 properties 1322:1331 The controllable properties 1305:1331 The controllable properties 1305:1331 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 2 26 dep semi-solid 254:263 arg1 acerose 266:272 acerose 266:272 acerose 266:272 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 8 27 theme molecular 1257:1265 arg1 weights 1267:1273 the molecular weights 1253:1273 the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics 1253:1302 There is also a relationship between swollen pore dimensions and the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics. 28778522 0 28 theme Swellable 0:8 arg1 fibroin 15:21 Swellable silk fibroin 0:21 Swellable silk fibroin 0:21 Swellable silk fibroin microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. 28778522 4 29 theme SF 622:623 arg1 microneedles 625:636 SF microneedles 622:636 SF microneedles 622:636 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 28778522 7 30 theme drug 1165:1168 arg1 kinetics 1178:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 5 31 theme porcine 778:784 arg1 skin 786:789 porcine skin 778:789 porcine skin 778:789 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 5 32 theme network 885:891 arg1 inside 893:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 2 33 theme hydrogel 274:281 arg1 state 283:287 a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state 252:287 a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 252:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 7 34 theme microneedles 1097:1108 arg1 capacity 1081:1088 The better swelling capacity 1061:1088 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles 1061:1108 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 7 35 theme release 1170:1176 arg1 kinetics 1178:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 7 36 theme swelling 1072:1079 arg1 capacity 1081:1088 The better swelling capacity 1061:1088 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles 1061:1108 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 6 37 theme release 995:1001 arg1 capacity 1003:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity 953:1010 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 1 38 theme silk 102:105 arg1 microneedle 120:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle 82:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery 82:160 In this paper, a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery is presented. 28778522 2 39 from state 243:247 arg1 transition 209:218 a phase transition 201:218 a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 201:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 4 40 theme high 643:646 arg1 fidelity 648:655 high fidelity 643:655 high fidelity 643:655 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 28778522 0 41 theme transdermal 40:50 arg1 delivery 57:64 transdermal drug delivery 40:64 transdermal drug delivery 40:64 Swellable silk fibroin microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. 28778522 3 42 theme insoluble 466:474 arg1 capacity 476:483 a swellable and insoluble capacity 450:483 a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF 450:493 Different micromolecular reagents have been studied for mixing with aqueous silk fibroin to endow a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF. 28778522 8 43 theme therapeutics 1291:1302 arg1 dimensions 1238:1247 swollen pore dimensions 1225:1247 swollen pore dimensions 1225:1247 There is also a relationship between swollen pore dimensions and the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics. 28778522 8 43 theme therapeutics 1291:1302 arg1 weights 1267:1273 the molecular weights 1253:1273 the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics 1253:1302 There is also a relationship between swollen pore dimensions and the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics. 28778522 4 44 from micropores 583:592 arg1 surface 601:607 its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness 597:681 its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness 597:681 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 28778522 3 45 theme silk 428:431 arg1 fibroin 433:439 aqueous silk fibroin 420:439 aqueous silk fibroin 420:439 Different micromolecular reagents have been studied for mixing with aqueous silk fibroin to endow a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF. 28778522 7 46 theme transdermal 1153:1163 arg1 kinetics 1178:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 higher transdermal drug release kinetics 1146:1185 The better swelling capacity of the microneedles produces larger pores, resulting in higher transdermal drug release kinetics. 28778522 6 47 theme swelling-modified 907:923 arg1 microneedles 925:936 These swelling-modified microneedles 901:936 These swelling-modified microneedles 901:936 These swelling-modified microneedles can accomplish a significantly enhanced transdermal drug release capacity in proportion to their swelling characteristics. 28778522 9 48 theme delivery 1464:1471 arg1 devices 1473:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 9 48 theme delivery 1464:1471 arg1 composites 1431:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 5 49 theme 50-700nm 869:876 arg1 inside 893:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 50-700nm porous network inside 869:898 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 9 50 theme transdermal 1452:1462 arg1 devices 1473:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 9 50 theme transdermal 1452:1462 arg1 composites 1431:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 5 51 theme ∼200μm 807:812 arg1 depth 798:802 a depth 796:802 a depth of ∼200μm 796:812 The results demonstrate that 2-ethoxyethanol (ECS) modified SF microneedles can easily pierce porcine skin with a depth of ∼200μm in vitro, and transform into semi-solid hydrogels with 50-700nm porous network inside. 28778522 8 52 theme pore 1233:1236 arg1 dimensions 1238:1247 swollen pore dimensions 1225:1247 swollen pore dimensions 1225:1247 There is also a relationship between swollen pore dimensions and the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics. 28778522 1 53 theme fibroin 107:113 arg1 microneedle 120:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle 82:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery 82:160 In this paper, a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery is presented. 28778522 0 54 theme drug 52:55 arg1 delivery 57:64 transdermal drug delivery 40:64 transdermal drug delivery 40:64 Swellable silk fibroin microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. 28778522 4 55 theme SF 508:509 arg1 composite 511:519 The aqueous SF composite 496:519 The aqueous SF composite 496:519 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 28778522 2 56 theme phase 203:207 arg1 transition 209:218 a phase transition 201:218 a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 201:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 2 57 theme 3-dimensional 307:319 arg1 structure 341:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 4 58 theme aqueous 500:506 arg1 composite 511:519 The aqueous SF composite 496:519 The aqueous SF composite 496:519 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 28778522 9 59 theme high 1377:1380 arg1 biocompatibility 1382:1397 their high biocompatibility 1371:1397 their high biocompatibility 1371:1397 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 1 60 theme SF 116:117 arg1 microneedle 120:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle 82:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery 82:160 In this paper, a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery is presented. 28778522 1 61 theme swelling-modified 84:100 arg1 microneedle 120:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle 82:130 a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery 82:160 In this paper, a swelling-modified silk fibroin (SF) microneedle for transdermal drug delivery is presented. 28778522 9 62 theme ECS/SF 1424:1429 arg1 devices 1473:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 9 62 theme ECS/SF 1424:1429 arg1 composites 1431:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 2 63 theme rigid 237:241 arg1 state 243:247 a dried and rigid state 225:247 a dried and rigid state 225:247 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 3 64 theme swellable 452:460 arg1 capacity 476:483 a swellable and insoluble capacity 450:483 a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF 450:493 Different micromolecular reagents have been studied for mixing with aqueous silk fibroin to endow a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF. 28778522 2 65 theme controlled 296:305 arg1 structure 341:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 8 66 theme encapsulated 1278:1289 arg1 therapeutics 1291:1302 encapsulated therapeutics 1278:1302 encapsulated therapeutics 1278:1302 There is also a relationship between swollen pore dimensions and the molecular weights of encapsulated therapeutics. 28778522 2 67 theme network 333:339 arg1 structure 341:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 3 68 theme Different 352:360 arg1 reagents 377:384 Different micromolecular reagents 352:384 Different micromolecular reagents 352:384 Different micromolecular reagents have been studied for mixing with aqueous silk fibroin to endow a swellable and insoluble capacity to the SF. 28778522 4 69 theme arranged 574:581 arg1 micropores 583:592 arranged micropores 574:592 arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness 574:681 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 28778522 2 70 theme dried 227:231 arg1 state 243:247 a dried and rigid state 225:247 a dried and rigid state 225:247 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 2 71 theme porous 326:331 arg1 structure 341:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure 294:349 The microneedles undergo a phase transition from a dried and rigid state to a semi-solid, acerose hydrogel state with a controlled 3-dimensional (3D) porous network structure. 28778522 9 72 theme viable 1445:1450 arg1 devices 1473:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 viable transdermal delivery devices 1445:1479 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 9 72 theme viable 1445:1450 arg1 composites 1431:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 swell-to-release ECS/SF composites 1407:1440 The controllable properties of these SF microneedles coupled with their high biocompatibility, render swell-to-release ECS/SF composites as viable transdermal delivery devices. 28778522 4 73 theme mechanical 661:670 arg1 robustness 672:681 mechanical robustness 661:681 mechanical robustness 661:681 The aqueous SF composite is poured on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with arranged micropores on its surface to fabricate SF microneedles with high fidelity and mechanical robustness. 26046263 5 0 theme Higher 722:727 arg1 content 729:735 Higher content 722:735 Higher content of the HAp 722:746 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 6 1 from use 984:986 arg1 pH 1010:1011 pH 10 1010:1014 pH 10 1010:1014 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 1 2 theme composite 175:183 arg1 scaffolds 185:193 chitosan composite scaffolds 166:193 chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures 166:243 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 0 3 theme tissue 109:114 arg1 engineering 116:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26046263 6 4 theme pore 870:873 arg1 structure 875:883 The uniform pore structure 858:883 The uniform pore structure 858:883 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 1 5 with scaffolds 185:193 arg1 strength 205:212 high strength 200:212 high strength 200:212 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 1 5 with scaffolds 185:193 arg1 structures 234:243 controlled pore structures 218:243 controlled pore structures 218:243 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 1 6 theme nano-HAp 298:305 arg1 powders 308:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 3 7 dep 70 545:546 arg1 to 542:543 to 542:543 to 542:543 While the HAp content increased up to 70 wt. 26046263 4 8 theme compressive 558:568 arg1 strength 570:577 the compressive strength 554:577 the compressive strength 554:577 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 6 9 theme uniform 862:868 arg1 structure 875:883 The uniform pore structure 858:883 The uniform pore structure 858:883 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 2 10 theme alginate 395:402 arg1 solution 409:416 an alginate (AG) solution 392:416 an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 392:441 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 2 10 theme alginate 395:402 arg1 AG 405:406 AG 405:406 AG 405:406 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 6 11 dep structure 875:883 arg1 scaffolds 949:957 composite scaffolds 939:957 composite scaffolds 939:957 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 5 12 from differentiation 773:787 arg1 scaffolds 847:855 the composite scaffolds 833:855 the composite scaffolds 833:855 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 5 13 theme cells 824:828 arg1 mineralization 793:806 mineralization 793:806 mineralization 793:806 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 5 13 theme cells 824:828 arg1 differentiation 773:787 differentiation 773:787 differentiation 773:787 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 3 14 theme HAp 517:519 arg1 content 521:527 While the HAp content 507:527 While the HAp content 507:527 While the HAp content increased up to 70 wt. 26046263 5 15 theme MC3T3-E1 815:822 arg1 cells 824:828 the MC3T3-E1 cells 811:828 the MC3T3-E1 cells 811:828 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 0 16 theme composite 80:88 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26046263 0 16 theme composite 80:88 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26046263 1 17 theme high 200:203 arg1 strength 205:212 high strength 200:212 high strength 200:212 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 6 18 theme composite 939:947 arg1 scaffolds 949:957 composite scaffolds 939:957 composite scaffolds 939:957 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 6 19 from pH 1010:1011 arg1 use 984:986 the use 980:986 the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders 980:1055 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 6 19 from pH 1010:1011 arg1 solution 998:1005 the AG solution 991:1005 the AG solution at pH 10 991:1014 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 2 20 theme scaffolds 349:357 arg1 fabrication 324:334 the fabrication 320:334 the fabrication of composite scaffolds 320:357 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 6 21 theme HAp/CS 932:937 arg1 properties 914:923 the excellent mechanical properties 889:923 the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS 889:937 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 6 21 theme HAp/CS 932:937 arg1 structure 875:883 The uniform pore structure 858:883 The uniform pore structure 858:883 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 2 22 theme composite 339:347 arg1 scaffolds 349:357 composite scaffolds 339:357 composite scaffolds 339:357 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 1 23 theme controlled 218:227 arg1 structures 234:243 controlled pore structures 218:243 controlled pore structures 218:243 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 1 24 theme pore 229:232 arg1 structures 234:243 controlled pore structures 218:243 controlled pore structures 218:243 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 0 25 theme hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan 47:78 arg1 composite 80:88 nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite 36:88 nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite 36:88 Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26046263 6 26 theme solution 998:1005 arg1 use 984:986 the use 980:986 the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders 980:1055 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 4 27 theme composite 610:618 arg1 scaffolds 620:628 the composite scaffolds 606:628 the composite scaffolds 606:628 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 0 28 theme nano-sized 36:45 arg1 composite 80:88 nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite 36:88 nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite 36:88 Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26046263 4 29 theme elastic 587:593 arg1 modulus 595:601 the elastic modulus 583:601 the elastic modulus 583:601 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 6 30 theme AG 995:996 arg1 solution 998:1005 the AG solution 991:1005 the AG solution at pH 10 991:1014 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 5 31 theme HAp 744:746 arg1 content 729:735 Higher content 722:735 Higher content of the HAp 722:746 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 5 32 theme composite 837:845 arg1 scaffolds 847:855 the composite scaffolds 833:855 the composite scaffolds 833:855 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 2 33 theme chitosan 461:468 arg1 solution 475:482 a chitosan (CS) solution 459:482 a chitosan (CS) solution 459:482 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 6 34 theme excellent 893:901 arg1 properties 914:923 the excellent mechanical properties 889:923 the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS 889:937 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 1 35 theme study 145:149 arg1 aim 133:135 The aim 129:135 The aim of this study 129:149 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 2 36 dep freeze 493:498 arg1 dried 500:504 dried 500:504 freeze dried 493:504 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 5 37 from mineralization 793:806 arg1 scaffolds 847:855 the composite scaffolds 833:855 the composite scaffolds 833:855 Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. 26046263 2 38 theme nano-HAp 360:367 arg1 powders 369:375 nano-HAp powders 360:375 nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 360:441 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 1 39 theme dispersed 261:269 arg1 powders 308:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 0 40 theme bone 104:107 arg1 engineering 116:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26046263 6 41 theme nano-HAp 1040:1047 arg1 powders 1049:1055 the nano-HAp powders 1036:1055 the nano-HAp powders 1036:1055 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 3 42 theme While 507:511 arg1 content 521:527 While the HAp content 507:527 While the HAp content 507:527 While the HAp content increased up to 70 wt. 26046263 4 43 theme scaffolds 620:628 arg1 scaffolds 620:628 the composite scaffolds 606:628 the composite scaffolds 606:628 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 4 43 theme scaffolds 620:628 arg1 % 551:551 % 551:551 % 551:551 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 4 43 theme scaffolds 620:628 arg1 modulus 595:601 the elastic modulus 583:601 the elastic modulus 583:601 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 4 43 theme scaffolds 620:628 arg1 strength 570:577 the compressive strength 554:577 the compressive strength 554:577 %, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. 26046263 1 44 theme nano-sized 271:280 arg1 powders 308:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 2 45 with solution 409:416 arg1 pH 425:426 a pH 423:426 a pH higher than 10 423:441 In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. 26046263 1 46 theme chitosan 166:173 arg1 scaffolds 185:193 chitosan composite scaffolds 166:193 chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures 166:243 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 26046263 6 47 theme mechanical 903:912 arg1 properties 914:923 the excellent mechanical properties 889:923 the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS 889:937 The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders. 26046263 1 48 theme hydroxyapatite 282:295 arg1 powders 308:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders 248:314 The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. 28214585 3 0 theme CNF/gelatin 345:355 arg1 film 367:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film 341:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film 341:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 3 0 theme CNF/gelatin 345:355 arg1 viscous 383:389 viscous 383:389 viscous 383:389 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 1 1 theme important 185:193 arg1 development 83:93 The development 79:93 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility 79:177 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 1 1 theme important 185:193 arg1 goal 204:207 an important research goal 182:207 an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications 182:256 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 6 2 theme severe 668:673 arg1 inflammation 675:686 severe inflammation 668:686 severe inflammation 668:686 Although the CNF/gelatin composite film did not induce severe inflammation, it strongly induced fibroblast proliferation, indicating high biocompatibility. 28214585 2 3 theme chitin 310:315 arg1 nanofibers 317:326 chitin nanofibers 310:326 chitin nanofibers 310:326 In this study, a composite film was prepared using chitin nanofibers and gelatin. 28214585 7 4 dep applications 831:842 arg1 e.g. 845:848 biological applications, e.g., tissue engineering, medicines, and cosmetics 820:894 e.g. 845:848 Based on these results, the films are suitable for biological applications, e.g., tissue engineering, medicines, and cosmetics. 28214585 1 5 theme research 195:202 arg1 development 83:93 The development 79:93 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility 79:177 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 1 5 theme research 195:202 arg1 goal 204:207 an important research goal 182:207 an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications 182:256 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 6 6 theme CNF/gelatin 626:636 arg1 film 648:651 the CNF/gelatin composite film 622:651 the CNF/gelatin composite film 622:651 Although the CNF/gelatin composite film did not induce severe inflammation, it strongly induced fibroblast proliferation, indicating high biocompatibility. 28214585 5 7 theme CNF/gelatin 533:543 arg1 film 555:558 the CNF/gelatin composite film 529:558 the CNF/gelatin composite film 529:558 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film increased linearly as the gelatin content increased. 28214585 1 8 with materials 111:119 arg1 properties 147:156 favorable mechanical properties 126:156 favorable mechanical properties 126:156 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 1 8 with materials 111:119 arg1 biocompatibility 162:177 biocompatibility 162:177 biocompatibility 162:177 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 3 9 contain had 395:397 arg1 film 367:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film 341:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film 341:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 3 9 contain had 395:397 arg1 viscous 383:389 viscous 383:389 viscous 383:389 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 3 9 contain had 395:397 arg2 structure 416:424 a fine nanofiber structure 399:424 a fine nanofiber structure 399:424 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 5 10 theme composite 545:553 arg1 film 555:558 the CNF/gelatin composite film 529:558 the CNF/gelatin composite film 529:558 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film increased linearly as the gelatin content increased. 28214585 3 11 theme nanofiber 406:414 arg1 structure 416:424 a fine nanofiber structure 399:424 a fine nanofiber structure 399:424 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 1 12 theme chitin-based 98:109 arg1 materials 111:119 chitin-based materials 98:119 chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility 98:177 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 6 13 theme high 746:749 arg1 biocompatibility 751:766 high biocompatibility 746:766 high biocompatibility 746:766 Although the CNF/gelatin composite film did not induce severe inflammation, it strongly induced fibroblast proliferation, indicating high biocompatibility. 28214585 1 14 theme materials 111:119 arg1 development 83:93 The development 79:93 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility 79:177 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 1 14 theme materials 111:119 arg1 goal 204:207 an important research goal 182:207 an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications 182:256 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 6 15 theme composite 638:646 arg1 film 648:651 the CNF/gelatin composite film 622:651 the CNF/gelatin composite film 622:651 Although the CNF/gelatin composite film did not induce severe inflammation, it strongly induced fibroblast proliferation, indicating high biocompatibility. 28214585 5 16 theme water 512:516 arg1 content 518:524 The water content 508:524 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film 508:558 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film increased linearly as the gelatin content increased. 28214585 1 17 theme wide-ranging 222:233 arg1 applications 245:256 the wide-ranging practical applications 218:256 the wide-ranging practical applications 218:256 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 0 18 theme chitin 38:43 arg1 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 Preparation and biocompatibility of a chitin nanofiber/gelatin composite film. 28214585 0 18 theme chitin 38:43 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and biocompatibility of a chitin nanofiber/gelatin composite film. 28214585 7 19 theme tissue 851:856 arg1 engineering 858:868 tissue engineering 851:868 tissue engineering 851:868 Based on these results, the films are suitable for biological applications, e.g., tissue engineering, medicines, and cosmetics. 28214585 1 20 theme practical 235:243 arg1 applications 245:256 the wide-ranging practical applications 218:256 the wide-ranging practical applications 218:256 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 0 21 theme composite 63:71 arg1 film 73:76 composite film 63:76 composite film 63:76 Preparation and biocompatibility of a chitin nanofiber/gelatin composite film. 28214585 4 22 theme nanofiber 489:497 arg1 content 499:505 nanofiber content 489:505 nanofiber content 489:505 The transmittances indicated high transparency, regardless of nanofiber content. 28214585 5 23 theme gelatin 586:592 arg1 content 594:600 the gelatin content 582:600 the gelatin content 582:600 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film increased linearly as the gelatin content increased. 28214585 1 24 theme favorable 126:134 arg1 properties 147:156 favorable mechanical properties 126:156 favorable mechanical properties 126:156 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 7 25 theme biological 820:829 arg1 applications 831:842 biological applications 820:842 biological applications 820:842 Based on these results, the films are suitable for biological applications, e.g., tissue engineering, medicines, and cosmetics. 28214585 4 26 theme high 456:459 arg1 transparency 461:472 high transparency 456:472 high transparency 456:472 The transmittances indicated high transparency, regardless of nanofiber content. 28214585 1 27 theme mechanical 136:145 arg1 properties 147:156 favorable mechanical properties 126:156 favorable mechanical properties 126:156 The development of chitin-based materials with favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is an important research goal owing to the wide-ranging practical applications. 28214585 6 28 theme fibroblast 709:718 arg1 proliferation 720:732 fibroblast proliferation 709:732 fibroblast proliferation 709:732 Although the CNF/gelatin composite film did not induce severe inflammation, it strongly induced fibroblast proliferation, indicating high biocompatibility. 28214585 2 29 theme composite 276:284 arg1 film 286:289 a composite film 274:289 a composite film 274:289 In this study, a composite film was prepared using chitin nanofibers and gelatin. 28214585 5 30 theme film 555:558 arg1 content 518:524 The water content 508:524 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film 508:558 The water content of the CNF/gelatin composite film increased linearly as the gelatin content increased. 28214585 3 31 theme composite 357:365 arg1 film 367:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film 341:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film 341:370 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 3 31 theme composite 357:365 arg1 viscous 383:389 viscous 383:389 viscous 383:389 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 28214585 3 32 theme fine 401:404 arg1 structure 416:424 a fine nanofiber structure 399:424 a fine nanofiber structure 399:424 The CNF/gelatin composite film was highly viscous and had a fine nanofiber structure. 27460936 7 0 theme prednisone 1214:1223 arg1 formula 1225:1231 the optimised prednisone formula 1200:1231 the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug 1200:1263 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 2 1 theme wherein 389:395 arg1 tablets 402:408 a model drug wherein core tablets 376:408 a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 376:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 2 1 theme wherein 389:395 arg1 prednisone 362:371 prednisone 362:371 prednisone 362:371 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 1 2 theme early 291:295 arg1 attacks 319:325 early morning chronological attacks 291:325 early morning chronological attacks 291:325 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 7 3 with formula 1225:1231 arg1 replacement 1238:1248 replacement 1238:1248 replacement of former drug 1238:1263 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 1 4 theme chronological 305:317 arg1 attacks 319:325 early morning chronological attacks 291:325 early morning chronological attacks 291:325 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 8 5 theme flow 1330:1333 arg1 property 1335:1342 flow property 1330:1342 flow property 1330:1342 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 7 6 dep incorporated 1182:1193 arg1 one-by-one 1171:1180 one-by-one 1171:1180 one-by-one 1171:1180 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 3 7 theme product 597:603 arg1 profile 605:611 quality target product profile 582:611 quality target product profile 582:611 Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. 27460936 1 8 theme time-controlled 203:217 arg1 formulation 251:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 1 9 theme release 229:235 arg1 formulation 251:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 10 10 theme robust 1701:1706 arg1 profile 1716:1722 robust release profile 1701:1722 robust release profile 1701:1722 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 1 11 theme PR 238:239 arg1 formulation 251:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 9 12 theme desired 1517:1523 arg1 profile 1533:1539 desired release profile 1517:1539 desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs 1517:1566 Albeit, all drug CCTs exhibited desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs. 27460936 3 13 theme failure 669:675 arg1 mode 677:680 failure mode 669:680 failure mode 669:680 Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. 27460936 1 14 theme platform 242:249 arg1 formulation 251:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 10 15 theme varying 1727:1733 arg1 conditions 1747:1756 varying dissolution conditions 1727:1756 varying dissolution conditions 1727:1756 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 8 16 theme dispersion 1406:1415 arg1 formulation 1385:1395 formulation 1385:1395 formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules 1385:1482 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 8 17 theme preparation 1421:1431 arg1 formulation 1385:1395 formulation 1385:1395 formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules 1385:1482 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 1 18 theme morning 297:303 arg1 attacks 319:325 early morning chronological attacks 291:325 early morning chronological attacks 291:325 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 5 19 theme 4-6 h 876:880 arg1 time 886:889 4-6 h lag time 876:889 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz 876:967 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 5 20 theme dissolution 942:952 arg1 conditions 954:963 variegated dissolution conditions 931:963 variegated dissolution conditions 931:963 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 8 21 theme active 1436:1441 arg1 API 1470:1472 API 1470:1472 API 1470:1472 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 8 21 theme active 1436:1441 arg1 ingredient 1458:1467 active pharmaceutical ingredient 1436:1467 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules 1436:1482 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 0 22 theme Release 86:92 arg1 Formulation 103:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation 60:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology 60:154 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 8 23 theme ingredient 1458:1467 arg1 granules 1475:1482 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules 1436:1482 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules 1436:1482 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 0 24 theme Formulation 103:113 arg1 Optimisation 44:55 Optimisation 44:55 Optimisation 44:55 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 0 24 theme Formulation 103:113 arg1 Development 28:38 Development 28:38 Development 28:38 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 7 25 dep methylprednisolone 1075:1092 arg1 i.e. 1070:1073 i.e. 1070:1073 i.e. 1070:1073 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 2 26 theme compression 437:447 arg1 method 449:454 direct compression method 430:454 direct compression method 430:454 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 0 27 theme Compression 125:135 arg1 Technology 145:154 Compression Coating Technology 125:154 Compression Coating Technology 125:154 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 2 28 theme EC 513:514 arg1 blend 564:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 8 29 theme granules 1475:1482 arg1 preparation 1421:1431 preparation 1421:1431 preparation 1421:1431 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 8 29 theme granules 1475:1482 arg1 dispersion 1406:1415 solid dispersion 1400:1415 solid dispersion 1400:1415 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 1 30 theme attacks 319:325 arg1 management 277:286 management 277:286 management of early morning chronological attacks 277:325 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 2 31 theme ethylcellulose 497:510 arg1 blend 564:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 7 32 theme drug 1260:1263 arg1 replacement 1238:1248 replacement 1238:1248 replacement of former drug 1238:1263 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 4 33 theme central 748:754 arg1 design 791:796 a design 789:796 a design of experiment (DoE) tool 789:821 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 4 33 theme central 748:754 arg1 design 766:771 central composite design 748:771 central composite design 748:771 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 10 34 theme de 1587:1588 arg1 force 1590:1594 tour de force 1582:1594 tour de force of research 1582:1606 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 9 35 theme similar 1541:1547 arg1 profile 1533:1539 desired release profile 1517:1539 desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs 1517:1566 Albeit, all drug CCTs exhibited desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs. 27460936 5 36 theme compression-coated 834:851 arg1 tablet 853:858 Optimised compression-coated tablet 824:858 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) 824:864 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 5 36 theme compression-coated 834:851 arg1 CCT 861:863 CCT 861:863 CCT 861:863 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 2 37 theme -hydroxypropyl 516:529 arg1 blend 564:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 0 38 theme Time-Controlled 60:74 arg1 Formulation 103:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation 60:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology 60:154 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 2 39 theme drug 384:387 arg1 wherein 389:395 a model drug wherein 376:395 a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 376:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 8 40 from Change 1266:1271 arg1 drug 1276:1279 drug 1276:1279 drug 1276:1279 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 1 41 theme formulation 251:261 arg1 development 188:198 development 188:198 development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks 188:325 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 10 42 theme drug 1658:1661 arg1 molecules 1663:1671 diverse drug molecules 1650:1671 diverse drug molecules 1650:1671 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 5 43 theme release 909:915 arg1 profile 917:923 burst release profile 903:923 burst release profile 903:923 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 9 44 theme drug 1497:1500 arg1 CCTs 1502:1505 Albeit, all drug CCTs 1485:1505 Albeit, all drug CCTs 1485:1505 Albeit, all drug CCTs exhibited desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs. 27460936 6 45 from change 983:988 arg1 media 1029:1033 apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media 993:1033 apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media 993:1033 multi-media, change in apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media. 27460936 7 46 theme optimised 1204:1212 arg1 formula 1225:1231 the optimised prednisone formula 1200:1231 the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug 1200:1263 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 2 47 theme core 397:400 arg1 tablets 402:408 a model drug wherein core tablets 376:408 a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 376:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 2 47 theme core 397:400 arg1 prednisone 362:371 prednisone 362:371 prednisone 362:371 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 9 48 theme release 1525:1531 arg1 profile 1533:1539 desired release profile 1517:1539 desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs 1517:1566 Albeit, all drug CCTs exhibited desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs. 27460936 3 49 theme target 590:595 arg1 profile 605:611 quality target product profile 582:611 quality target product profile 582:611 Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. 27460936 9 50 theme prednisone 1552:1561 arg1 CCTs 1563:1566 prednisone CCTs 1552:1566 prednisone CCTs 1552:1566 Albeit, all drug CCTs exhibited desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs. 27460936 5 51 theme burst 903:907 arg1 profile 917:923 burst release profile 903:923 burst release profile 903:923 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 3 52 theme risk 633:636 arg1 assessment 638:647 risk assessment 633:647 risk assessment 633:647 Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. 27460936 1 53 theme pulsatile 219:227 arg1 formulation 251:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation 203:261 The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. 27460936 10 54 theme release 1708:1714 arg1 profile 1716:1722 robust release profile 1701:1722 robust release profile 1701:1722 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 5 55 theme lag 882:884 arg1 time 886:889 4-6 h lag time 876:889 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz 876:967 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 6 56 theme biorelevant 1017:1027 arg1 media 1029:1033 apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media 993:1033 apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media 993:1033 multi-media, change in apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media. 27460936 10 57 theme dissolution 1735:1745 arg1 conditions 1747:1756 varying dissolution conditions 1727:1756 varying dissolution conditions 1727:1756 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 7 58 theme diltiazem 1114:1122 arg1 hydrochloride 1124:1136 diltiazem hydrochloride 1114:1136 diltiazem hydrochloride 1114:1136 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 7 59 theme diclofenac 1095:1104 arg1 sodium 1106:1111 diclofenac sodium 1095:1111 diclofenac sodium 1095:1111 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 8 60 theme poor 1310:1313 arg1 solubility 1315:1324 poor solubility 1310:1324 poor solubility 1310:1324 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 6 61 theme apparatus/agitation 993:1011 arg1 media 1029:1033 apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media 993:1033 apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media 993:1033 multi-media, change in apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media. 27460936 3 62 theme effect 686:691 arg1 analysis 693:700 effect analysis 686:700 effect analysis 686:700 Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. 27460936 8 63 theme solid 1400:1404 arg1 dispersion 1406:1415 solid dispersion 1400:1415 solid dispersion 1400:1415 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 0 64 theme Pulsatile 76:84 arg1 Formulation 103:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation 60:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology 60:154 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 5 65 theme variegated 931:940 arg1 conditions 954:963 variegated dissolution conditions 931:963 variegated dissolution conditions 931:963 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 2 66 theme excipient 554:562 arg1 blend 564:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 0 67 theme Platform 94:101 arg1 Formulation 103:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation 60:113 Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology 60:154 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 7 68 theme different 1053:1061 arg1 drugs 1063:1067 five different drugs 1048:1067 five different drugs 1048:1067 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 2 69 theme HPMC 548:551 arg1 blend 564:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 4 70 theme composite 756:764 arg1 design 791:796 a design 789:796 a design of experiment (DoE) tool 789:821 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 4 70 theme composite 756:764 arg1 design 766:771 central composite design 748:771 central composite design 748:771 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 4 71 theme DoE 813:815 arg1 tool 818:821 experiment (DoE) tool 801:821 experiment (DoE) tool 801:821 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 8 72 theme pharmaceutical 1443:1456 arg1 API 1470:1472 API 1470:1472 API 1470:1472 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 8 72 theme pharmaceutical 1443:1456 arg1 ingredient 1458:1467 active pharmaceutical ingredient 1436:1467 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules 1436:1482 Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. 27460936 0 73 theme Coating 137:143 arg1 Technology 145:154 Compression Coating Technology 125:154 Compression Coating Technology 125:154 Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. 27460936 4 74 theme tool 818:821 arg1 design 791:796 a design 789:796 a design of experiment (DoE) tool 789:821 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 4 74 theme tool 818:821 arg1 design 766:771 central composite design 748:771 central composite design 748:771 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 2 75 theme direct 430:435 arg1 method 449:454 direct compression method 430:454 direct compression method 430:454 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 7 76 theme former 1253:1258 arg1 drug 1260:1263 former drug 1253:1263 former drug 1253:1263 Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. 27460936 4 77 theme experiment 801:810 arg1 tool 818:821 experiment (DoE) tool 801:821 experiment (DoE) tool 801:821 In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. 27460936 5 78 theme Optimised 824:832 arg1 tablet 853:858 Optimised compression-coated tablet 824:858 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) 824:864 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 5 78 theme Optimised 824:832 arg1 CCT 861:863 CCT 861:863 CCT 861:863 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 2 79 theme methylcellulose 531:545 arg1 blend 564:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 497:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 10 80 theme tour 1582:1585 arg1 force 1590:1594 tour de force 1582:1594 tour de force of research 1582:1606 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 2 81 theme model 378:382 arg1 wherein 389:395 a model drug wherein 376:395 a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend 376:568 The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. 27460936 10 82 theme research 1599:1606 arg1 force 1590:1594 tour de force 1582:1594 tour de force of research 1582:1606 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 10 83 theme diverse 1650:1656 arg1 molecules 1663:1671 diverse drug molecules 1650:1671 diverse drug molecules 1650:1671 In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions. 27460936 5 84 dep time 886:889 arg1 viz 965:967 viz 965:967 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz 876:967 Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. 27460936 3 85 theme quality 582:588 arg1 profile 605:611 quality target product profile 582:611 quality target product profile 582:611 Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. 25849098 4 0 theme A-gel 497:501 arg1 greater 506:512 greater 506:512 greater 506:512 The result demonstrates that the G' of A-gel is greater than that of B-gel, and the modulus of A-gel increases along with the external field, which signifies positive electroresponse. 25849098 4 0 theme A-gel 497:501 arg1 G 491:491 the G' 487:492 the G' of A-gel 487:501 The result demonstrates that the G' of A-gel is greater than that of B-gel, and the modulus of A-gel increases along with the external field, which signifies positive electroresponse. 25849098 5 1 theme modulus 794:800 arg1 −G 824:825 ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) 813:829 ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) 813:829 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 1 theme modulus 794:800 arg1 increment 802:810 modulus increment 794:810 modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) 794:831 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 2 theme starch 902:907 arg1 fraction 916:923 the starch weight fraction 898:923 the starch weight fraction 898:923 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 3 theme weight 909:914 arg1 fraction 916:923 the starch weight fraction 898:923 the starch weight fraction 898:923 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 4 theme increment 802:810 arg1 maximum 783:789 the maximum 779:789 the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) 779:831 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 4 5 theme A-gel 553:557 arg1 modulus 542:548 the modulus 538:548 the modulus of A-gel 538:557 The result demonstrates that the G' of A-gel is greater than that of B-gel, and the modulus of A-gel increases along with the external field, which signifies positive electroresponse. 25849098 7 6 theme hydrogel 1168:1175 arg1 electroresponse 1145:1159 the electroresponse 1141:1159 the electroresponse of the hydrogel 1141:1175 It is found that BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles significantly enhance the electroresponse of the hydrogel. 25849098 2 7 theme hydrogels 285:293 arg1 microstructures 266:280 The microstructures 262:280 The microstructures of hydrogels 262:293 The microstructures of hydrogels were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope. 25849098 5 8 dep −G 824:825 arg1 A 822:822 A 822:822 A 822:822 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 9 theme = 817:817 arg1 −G 824:825 ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) 813:829 ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) 813:829 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 9 theme = 817:817 arg1 B 828:828 B 828:828 B 828:828 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 9 theme = 817:817 arg1 increment 802:810 modulus increment 794:810 modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) 794:831 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 8 10 theme electro-response 1199:1214 arg1 mode 1216:1219 the electro-response mode 1195:1219 the electro-response mode 1195:1219 The mechanism of the electro-response mode is proposed. 25849098 1 11 theme facile 88:93 arg1 synthesis 95:103 The facile synthesis 84:103 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors 84:180 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 3 12 theme electro-responsive 367:384 arg1 property 386:393 Their electro-responsive property 361:393 Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels 361:406 Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels was investigated with their storage modulus (G'). 25849098 0 13 theme Electro-response 0:15 arg1 characteristic 17:30 Electro-response characteristic 0:30 Electro-response characteristic of starch hydrogel 0:49 Electro-response characteristic of starch hydrogel crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde. 25849098 2 14 theme environmental 317:329 arg1 microscope 349:358 environmental scanning electron microscope 317:358 environmental scanning electron microscope 317:358 The microstructures of hydrogels were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope. 25849098 7 15 theme composite 1099:1107 arg1 particles 1109:1117 BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles 1072:1117 BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles 1072:1117 It is found that BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles significantly enhance the electroresponse of the hydrogel. 25849098 1 16 with hydrogel 119:126 arg1 microstructure 145:158 anisotropic microstructure 133:158 anisotropic microstructure 133:158 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 1 16 with hydrogel 119:126 arg1 behaviors 172:180 dynamic behaviors 164:180 dynamic behaviors 164:180 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 3 17 theme hydrogels 398:406 arg1 property 386:393 Their electro-responsive property 361:393 Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels 361:406 Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels was investigated with their storage modulus (G'). 25849098 5 18 theme A-gel 665:669 arg1 G 659:659 the G' 655:660 the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) 655:698 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 6 19 theme hydrogels 991:999 arg1 effects 976:982 the electro-responsive effects 953:982 the electro-responsive effects of the hydrogels 953:999 To enhance the electro-responsive effects of the hydrogels, dielectric particles were dispersed in the hydrogel. 25849098 1 20 theme starch 112:117 arg1 hydrogel 119:126 the starch hydrogel 108:126 the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors 108:180 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 7 21 theme BaTiO3/chitosan 1072:1086 arg1 particles 1109:1117 BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles 1072:1117 BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles 1072:1117 It is found that BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles significantly enhance the electroresponse of the hydrogel. 25849098 1 22 theme hydrogel 119:126 arg1 synthesis 95:103 The facile synthesis 84:103 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors 84:180 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 7 23 theme core-shell 1088:1097 arg1 particles 1109:1117 BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles 1072:1117 BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles 1072:1117 It is found that BaTiO3/chitosan core-shell composite particles significantly enhance the electroresponse of the hydrogel. 25849098 5 24 theme B-gel 675:679 arg1 G 659:659 the G' 655:660 the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) 655:698 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 25 theme starch 744:749 arg1 concentration 751:763 starch concentration 744:763 starch concentration 744:763 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 0 26 theme hydrogel 42:49 arg1 characteristic 17:30 Electro-response characteristic 0:30 Electro-response characteristic of starch hydrogel 0:49 Electro-response characteristic of starch hydrogel crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde. 25849098 0 27 theme starch 35:40 arg1 hydrogel 42:49 starch hydrogel 35:49 starch hydrogel 35:49 Electro-response characteristic of starch hydrogel crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde. 25849098 4 28 theme positive 616:623 arg1 electroresponse 625:639 positive electroresponse 616:639 positive electroresponse 616:639 The result demonstrates that the G' of A-gel is greater than that of B-gel, and the modulus of A-gel increases along with the external field, which signifies positive electroresponse. 25849098 5 29 theme modulus 845:851 arg1 sensitivity 863:873 modulus increment sensitivity 845:873 modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) 845:885 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 29 theme modulus 845:851 arg1 /G 879:880 ΔG'/G'(B) 876:884 ΔG'/G'(B) 876:884 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 3 30 theme storage 436:442 arg1 G 453:453 G' 453:454 G' 453:454 Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels was investigated with their storage modulus (G'). 25849098 3 30 theme storage 436:442 arg1 modulus 444:450 their storage modulus 430:450 their storage modulus (G') 430:455 Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels was investigated with their storage modulus (G'). 25849098 8 31 theme mode 1216:1219 arg1 mechanism 1182:1190 The mechanism 1178:1190 The mechanism of the electro-response mode 1178:1219 The mechanism of the electro-response mode is proposed. 25849098 5 32 theme increment 853:861 arg1 sensitivity 863:873 modulus increment sensitivity 845:873 modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) 845:885 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 32 theme increment 853:861 arg1 /G 879:880 ΔG'/G'(B) 876:884 ΔG'/G'(B) 876:884 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 1 33 theme anisotropic 133:143 arg1 microstructure 145:158 anisotropic microstructure 133:158 anisotropic microstructure 133:158 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 6 34 theme dielectric 1002:1011 arg1 particles 1013:1021 dielectric particles 1002:1021 dielectric particles 1002:1021 To enhance the electro-responsive effects of the hydrogels, dielectric particles were dispersed in the hydrogel. 25849098 2 35 theme electron 340:347 arg1 microscope 349:358 environmental scanning electron microscope 317:358 environmental scanning electron microscope 317:358 The microstructures of hydrogels were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope. 25849098 4 36 theme external 584:591 arg1 field 593:597 the external field 580:597 the external field 580:597 The result demonstrates that the G' of A-gel is greater than that of B-gel, and the modulus of A-gel increases along with the external field, which signifies positive electroresponse. 25849098 2 37 theme scanning 331:338 arg1 microscope 349:358 environmental scanning electron microscope 317:358 environmental scanning electron microscope 317:358 The microstructures of hydrogels were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope. 25849098 1 38 theme DC 235:236 arg1 B-gel 254:258 B-gel 254:258 B-gel 254:258 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 1 38 theme DC 235:236 arg1 field 247:251 DC electric field 235:251 DC electric field (B-gel) 235:259 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 5 39 dep B-gel 675:679 arg1 B 696:696 B 696:696 B 696:696 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 39 dep B-gel 675:679 arg1 G 683:683 G' 683:684 G'(A) 683:687 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 39 dep B-gel 675:679 arg1 A 686:686 A 686:686 A 686:686 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 5 39 dep B-gel 675:679 arg1 G 693:693 G' 693:694 G'(B) 693:697 In addition, the G' of A-gel and B-gel ((G'(A) and G'(B)) also continuously increases with increasing starch concentration, whereas both the maximum of modulus increment (ΔG' = G'(A)−G'(B) ) and that of modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG'/G'(B)) occur with the starch weight fraction at around 36.5%. 25849098 1 40 theme dynamic 164:170 arg1 behaviors 172:180 dynamic behaviors 164:180 dynamic behaviors 164:180 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 1 41 theme electric 238:245 arg1 B-gel 254:258 B-gel 254:258 B-gel 254:258 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 1 41 theme electric 238:245 arg1 field 247:251 DC electric field 235:251 DC electric field (B-gel) 235:259 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 6 42 theme electro-responsive 957:974 arg1 effects 976:982 the electro-responsive effects 953:982 the electro-responsive effects of the hydrogels 953:999 To enhance the electro-responsive effects of the hydrogels, dielectric particles were dispersed in the hydrogel. 25849098 1 43 theme field 247:251 arg1 presence 203:210 the presence 199:210 the presence (A-gel) 199:218 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 1 43 theme field 247:251 arg1 A-gel 213:217 A-gel 213:217 A-gel 213:217 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 25849098 1 43 theme field 247:251 arg1 absence 224:230 absence 224:230 absence 224:230 The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). 24560948 10 0 from materials 1345:1353 arg1 cleanup 1384:1390 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 4 1 theme contact 653:659 arg1 time 661:664 contact time 653:664 contact time 653:664 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 8 2 used used 1100:1103 arg2 MCGO-IL 1072:1078 the MCGO-IL 1068:1078 the MCGO-IL 1068:1078 Moreover, the MCGO-IL could be repeatedly used by simple treatment without obvious structure and performance degradation. 24560948 9 3 theme Cr 1309:1310 arg1 efficiency 1295:1304 the removal efficiency 1283:1304 the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) 1283:1314 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 2 4 theme surface 372:378 arg1 area 380:383 large surface area 366:383 large surface area 366:383 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 0 5 theme water 91:95 arg1 treatment 97:105 water treatment 91:105 water treatment 91:105 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 10 6 theme large 1419:1423 arg1 scale 1425:1429 large scale 1419:1429 large scale 1419:1429 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 10 7 theme heavy 1358:1362 arg1 pollution 1374:1382 heavy metal ion pollution 1358:1382 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 2 8 theme large 366:370 arg1 area 380:383 large surface area 366:383 large surface area 366:383 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 10 9 theme pollution 1374:1382 arg1 cleanup 1384:1390 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 6 10 theme equilibrium 781:791 arg1 adsorption 793:802 The equilibrium adsorption 777:802 The equilibrium adsorption 777:802 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 3 11 theme field 559:563 arg1 presence 529:536 the presence 525:536 the presence of external magnetic field 525:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 4 12 theme analytical 591:600 arg1 parameters 602:611 various analytical parameters 583:611 various analytical parameters 583:611 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 8 13 theme simple 1108:1113 arg1 treatment 1115:1123 simple treatment 1108:1123 simple treatment 1108:1123 Moreover, the MCGO-IL could be repeatedly used by simple treatment without obvious structure and performance degradation. 24560948 9 14 theme removal 1287:1293 arg1 efficiency 1295:1304 the removal efficiency 1283:1304 the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) 1283:1314 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 3 15 theme external 541:548 arg1 field 559:563 external magnetic field 541:563 external magnetic field 541:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 3 16 from separation 511:520 arg1 presence 529:536 the presence 525:536 the presence of external magnetic field 525:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 3 17 theme fast 493:496 arg1 separation 511:520 a fast solid-liquid separation 491:520 a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field 491:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 4 18 theme various 583:589 arg1 parameters 602:611 various analytical parameters 583:611 various analytical parameters 583:611 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 8 19 theme obvious 1133:1139 arg1 structure 1141:1149 obvious structure 1133:1149 obvious structure 1133:1149 Moreover, the MCGO-IL could be repeatedly used by simple treatment without obvious structure and performance degradation. 24560948 4 20 theme initial 671:677 arg1 concentration 683:695 initial ion concentration 671:695 initial ion concentration 671:695 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 10 21 theme suitable 1336:1343 arg1 MCGO-IL 1321:1327 The MCGO-IL 1317:1327 The MCGO-IL 1317:1327 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 10 21 theme suitable 1336:1343 arg1 materials 1345:1353 suitable materials 1336:1353 suitable materials 1336:1353 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 2 22 theme SEM 301:303 arg1 results 284:290 The characteristic results 265:290 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD 265:312 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 8 23 theme performance 1155:1165 arg1 degradation 1167:1177 performance degradation 1155:1177 performance degradation 1155:1177 Moreover, the MCGO-IL could be repeatedly used by simple treatment without obvious structure and performance degradation. 24560948 1 24 theme biodegradable 182:194 arg1 biosorbents 196:206 biodegradable biosorbents 182:206 biodegradable biosorbents 182:206 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 4 25 from influence 570:578 arg1 adsorption 620:629 the adsorption 616:629 the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration 616:695 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 6 26 theme adsorption 869:878 arg1 capacity 880:887 the maximum adsorption capacity 857:887 the maximum adsorption capacity 857:887 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 6 26 theme adsorption 869:878 arg1 mg/g 900:903 145.35 mg/g 893:903 145.35 mg/g 893:903 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 3 27 with wastewater 475:484 arg1 separation 511:520 a fast solid-liquid separation 491:520 a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field 491:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 7 28 theme hydrogen 934:941 arg1 bond 943:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond 906:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups 906:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 7 28 theme hydrogen 934:941 arg1 sites 1051:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 4 29 theme parameters 602:611 arg1 influence 570:578 The influence 566:578 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration 566:695 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 3 30 theme Cr 453:454 arg1 removal 442:448 the removal 438:448 the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field 438:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 6 31 theme maximum 861:867 arg1 capacity 880:887 the maximum adsorption capacity 857:887 the maximum adsorption capacity 857:887 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 6 31 theme maximum 861:867 arg1 mg/g 900:903 145.35 mg/g 893:903 145.35 mg/g 893:903 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 7 32 theme binding 1043:1049 arg1 bond 943:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond 906:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups 906:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 7 32 theme binding 1043:1049 arg1 sites 1051:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 3 33 from wastewater 475:484 arg1 removal 442:448 the removal 438:448 the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field 438:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 10 34 theme ion 1370:1372 arg1 pollution 1374:1382 heavy metal ion pollution 1358:1382 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 2 35 theme magnetic 394:401 arg1 responsiveness 403:416 good magnetic responsiveness 389:416 good magnetic responsiveness 389:416 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 7 36 theme stronger 910:917 arg1 bond 943:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond 906:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups 906:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 7 36 theme stronger 910:917 arg1 sites 1051:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 1 37 theme Magnetic 108:115 arg1 chitosan 117:124 Magnetic chitosan 108:124 Magnetic chitosan 108:124 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 2 38 theme good 389:392 arg1 responsiveness 403:416 good magnetic responsiveness 389:416 good magnetic responsiveness 389:416 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 0 39 theme ionic 24:28 arg1 composite 61:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 9 40 theme obtained 1184:1191 arg1 results 1193:1199 The obtained results 1180:1199 The obtained results 1180:1199 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 1 41 with MCGO 241:244 arg1 liquid 257:262 liquid 257:262 liquid 257:262 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 7 42 theme intermolecular 919:932 arg1 bond 943:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond 906:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups 906:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 7 42 theme intermolecular 919:932 arg1 sites 1051:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 1 43 theme chitosan 117:124 arg1 composites 168:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites 108:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents 108:206 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 4 44 theme Cr 634:635 arg1 adsorption 620:629 the adsorption 616:629 the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration 616:695 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 0 45 theme magnetic 15:22 arg1 composite 61:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 7 46 theme ion 1039:1041 arg1 bond 943:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond 906:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups 906:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 7 46 theme ion 1039:1041 arg1 sites 1051:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 2 47 theme XRD 310:312 arg1 results 284:290 The characteristic results 265:290 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD 265:312 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 1 48 theme impregnating 228:239 arg1 MCGO 241:244 impregnating MCGO 228:244 impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid 228:262 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 0 49 theme oxide 55:59 arg1 composite 61:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 10 50 theme low 1438:1440 arg1 price 1442:1446 low price 1438:1446 low price in near future 1438:1461 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 0 51 theme liquid/chitosan/graphene 30:53 arg1 composite 61:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 15:69 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 5 52 theme pseudo-second-order 747:765 arg1 kinetics 767:774 a pseudo-second-order kinetics 745:774 a pseudo-second-order kinetics 745:774 The adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics. 24560948 9 53 dep Cr 1309:1310 arg1 VI 1312:1313 VI 1312:1313 VI 1312:1313 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 6 54 theme isotherm 839:846 arg1 mode 848:851 the Langmuir isotherm mode 826:851 the Langmuir isotherm mode 826:851 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 4 55 dep Cr 634:635 arg1 VI 637:638 VI 637:638 VI 637:638 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 7 56 theme amine 996:1000 arg1 groups 1002:1007 the hydroxyl and amine groups 979:1007 groups 1002:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 1 57 theme graphene 130:137 arg1 composites 168:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites 108:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents 108:206 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 0 58 theme composite 61:69 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite 0:69 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 0 58 theme composite 61:69 arg1 application 75:85 application 75:85 application for water treatment 75:105 Preparation of magnetic ionic liquid/chitosan/graphene oxide composite and application for water treatment. 24560948 7 59 theme metal 1033:1037 arg1 bond 943:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond 906:946 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups 906:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 7 59 theme metal 1033:1037 arg1 sites 1051:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 the metal ion binding sites 1029:1055 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 6 60 theme Langmuir 830:837 arg1 mode 848:851 the Langmuir isotherm mode 826:851 the Langmuir isotherm mode 826:851 The equilibrium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir isotherm mode and the maximum adsorption capacity was 145.35 mg/g. 24560948 3 61 dep Cr 453:454 arg1 VI 456:457 VI 456:457 VI 456:457 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 3 62 theme solid-liquid 498:509 arg1 separation 511:520 a fast solid-liquid separation 491:520 a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field 491:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 1 63 theme oxide-ionic 139:149 arg1 composites 168:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites 108:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents 108:206 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 10 64 theme metal 1364:1368 arg1 pollution 1374:1382 heavy metal ion pollution 1358:1382 heavy metal ion pollution cleanup 1358:1390 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 24560948 2 65 theme FTIR 295:298 arg1 results 284:290 The characteristic results 265:290 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD 265:312 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 7 66 theme hydroxyl 983:990 arg1 groups 1002:1007 the hydroxyl and amine groups 979:1007 groups 1002:1007 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 1 67 theme liquid 151:156 arg1 composites 168:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites 108:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents 108:206 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 3 68 theme magnetic 550:557 arg1 field 559:563 external magnetic field 541:563 external magnetic field 541:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 3 69 used used 429:432 arg2 They 419:422 They 419:422 They 419:422 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 9 70 theme room 1240:1243 arg1 IL 1257:1258 the room temperature IL 1236:1258 the room temperature IL 1236:1258 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 4 71 theme ion 679:681 arg1 concentration 683:695 initial ion concentration 671:695 initial ion concentration 671:695 The influence of various analytical parameters on the adsorption of Cr(VI) such as pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration were studied in detail. 24560948 3 72 theme simulated 465:473 arg1 wastewater 475:484 simulated wastewater 465:484 simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field 465:563 They were used for the removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater with a fast solid-liquid separation in the presence of external magnetic field. 24560948 9 73 theme temperature 1245:1255 arg1 IL 1257:1258 the room temperature IL 1236:1258 the room temperature IL 1236:1258 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 1 74 theme MCGO-IL 159:165 arg1 composites 168:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites 108:177 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents 108:206 Magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-ionic liquid (MCGO-IL) composites as biodegradable biosorbents were synthesized by impregnating MCGO with ionic liquid. 24560948 7 75 dep MCGO-IL 956:962 arg1 VI 971:972 VI 971:972 VI 971:972 The stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between MCGO-IL and Cr(VI) and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. 24560948 9 76 theme IL 1257:1258 arg1 impregnation 1220:1231 the impregnation 1216:1231 the impregnation of the room temperature IL 1216:1258 The obtained results indicated that the impregnation of the room temperature IL significantly enhances the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). 24560948 2 77 theme characteristic 269:282 arg1 results 284:290 The characteristic results 265:290 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD 265:312 The characteristic results of FTIR, SEM, and XRD showed that MCGO-IL were successfully prepared with large surface area and good magnetic responsiveness. 24560948 10 78 from price 1442:1446 arg1 future 1456:1461 future 1456:1461 future 1456:1461 The MCGO-IL may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future. 26256382 8 0 theme aza-Michael 1171:1181 arg1 reaction 1183:1190 the aza-Michael reaction 1167:1190 the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile 1167:1231 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 8 1 theme excellent 1122:1130 arg1 yield 1132:1136 an excellent yield 1119:1136 an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) 1119:1162 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 7 2 theme RuNPs/CNFs 1016:1025 arg1 system 1027:1032 the RuNPs/CNFs system 1012:1032 the RuNPs/CNFs system 1012:1032 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 5 3 from state 776:780 arg1 nanocomposites 806:819 the nanocomposites 802:819 the nanocomposites 802:819 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. 26256382 5 4 theme Ag 796:797 arg1 state 776:780 The metallic state 763:780 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 763:819 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. 26256382 4 5 from Ru 643:644 arg1 nanocomposites 660:673 the nanocomposites 656:673 the nanocomposites 656:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 6 theme Ru 643:644 arg1 % 699:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 6 theme Ru 643:644 arg1 percentage 625:634 The weight percentage 614:634 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 614:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 1 7 theme anionic 251:257 arg1 f-CNFs 281:286 f-CNFs 281:286 f-CNFs 281:286 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 1 7 theme anionic 251:257 arg1 nanofibers 269:278 anionic cellulose nanofibers 251:278 anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs) 251:287 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 4 8 theme wt 697:698 arg1 % 699:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 8 theme wt 697:698 arg1 percentage 625:634 The weight percentage 614:634 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 614:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 1 9 theme cellulose 259:267 arg1 f-CNFs 281:286 f-CNFs 281:286 f-CNFs 281:286 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 1 9 theme cellulose 259:267 arg1 nanofibers 269:278 anionic cellulose nanofibers 251:278 anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs) 251:287 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 8 10 dep % 1143:1143 arg1 % 1149:1149 100% 1146:1149 100% selectivity 1146:1161 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 4 11 from percentage 625:634 arg1 nanocomposites 660:673 the nanocomposites 656:673 the nanocomposites 656:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 7 12 theme 100 1066:1068 arg1 % 1069:1069 % 1069:1069 % 1069:1069 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 1 13 theme 325 162:164 arg1 ± 166:166 ± 166:166 ± 166:166 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 7 14 theme % 1069:1069 arg1 selectivity 1071:1081 100% selectivity 1066:1081 100% selectivity 1066:1081 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 4 15 theme SEM-EDS 745:751 arg1 analysis 753:760 SEM-EDS analysis 745:760 SEM-EDS analysis 745:760 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 7 16 theme % 1059:1059 arg1 yield 1048:1052 a better yield 1039:1052 a better yield of 89% 1039:1059 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 7 17 theme benzyl 980:985 arg1 alcohol 987:993 benzyl alcohol 980:993 benzyl alcohol 980:993 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 1 18 theme 2.0 168:170 arg1 ± 166:166 ± 166:166 ± 166:166 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 1 19 with nanofibers 119:128 arg1 diameter 150:157 a mean diameter 143:157 a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm 143:173 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 7 20 theme alcohol 987:993 arg1 oxidation 967:975 the aerobic oxidation 955:975 the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde 955:1009 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 7 21 theme aerobic 959:965 arg1 oxidation 967:975 the aerobic oxidation 955:975 the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde 955:1009 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 2 22 theme metal 300:304 arg1 AgNPs 331:335 AgNPs 331:335 AgNPs 331:335 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 22 theme metal 300:304 arg1 RuNPs 321:325 RuNPs 321:325 RuNPs 321:325 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 22 theme metal 300:304 arg1 nanoparticles 306:318 The noble metal nanoparticles 290:318 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) 290:336 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 1 23 theme nm 172:173 arg1 diameter 150:157 a mean diameter 143:157 a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm 143:173 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 0 24 theme nanofiber 37:45 arg1 composites 47:56 cellulose nanofiber composites 27:56 cellulose nanofiber composites for catalytic applications 27:83 Noble metal/functionalized cellulose nanofiber composites for catalytic applications. 26256382 8 25 dep % 1149:1149 arg1 selectivity 1151:1161 selectivity 1151:1161 100% selectivity 1146:1161 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 2 26 theme noble 294:298 arg1 AgNPs 331:335 AgNPs 331:335 AgNPs 331:335 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 26 theme noble 294:298 arg1 RuNPs 321:325 RuNPs 321:325 RuNPs 321:325 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 26 theme noble 294:298 arg1 nanoparticles 306:318 The noble metal nanoparticles 290:318 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) 290:336 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 27 theme reduction 396:404 arg1 method 406:411 a simple wet reduction method 383:411 a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent 383:443 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 1 28 theme cellulose 101:109 arg1 CANFs 131:135 CANFs 131:135 CANFs 131:135 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 1 28 theme cellulose 101:109 arg1 nanofibers 119:128 cellulose acetate nanofibers 101:128 cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm 101:173 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 5 29 dep XPS 838:840 arg1 analyses 850:857 analyses 850:857 analyses 850:857 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. 26256382 2 30 theme wet 392:394 arg1 method 406:411 a simple wet reduction method 383:411 a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent 383:443 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 7 31 theme better 1041:1046 arg1 yield 1048:1052 a better yield 1039:1052 a better yield of 89% 1039:1059 In the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, the RuNPs/CNFs system gave a better yield of 89% with 100% selectivity. 26256382 3 32 theme f-CNFs 606:611 arg1 surface 595:601 the surface 591:601 the surface of f-CNFs 591:611 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 4 33 theme weight 618:623 arg1 % 699:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 33 theme weight 618:623 arg1 percentage 625:634 The weight percentage 614:634 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 614:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 2 34 theme simple 385:390 arg1 method 406:411 a simple wet reduction method 383:411 a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent 383:443 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 5 35 theme metallic 767:774 arg1 state 776:780 The metallic state 763:780 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 763:819 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. 26256382 6 36 theme nanocomposites 884:897 arg1 usefulness 864:873 The usefulness 860:873 The usefulness of these nanocomposites 860:897 The usefulness of these nanocomposites was realized from their superior catalytic activity. 26256382 6 37 theme catalytic 932:940 arg1 activity 942:949 their superior catalytic activity 917:949 their superior catalytic activity 917:949 The usefulness of these nanocomposites was realized from their superior catalytic activity. 26256382 2 38 theme reducing 430:437 arg1 NaBH4 419:423 NaBH4 419:423 NaBH4 419:423 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 38 theme reducing 430:437 arg1 agent 439:443 a reducing agent 428:443 a reducing agent 428:443 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 5 39 theme Ru 789:790 arg1 state 776:780 The metallic state 763:780 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 763:819 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. 26256382 3 40 theme fine 539:542 arg1 RuNPs 544:548 RuNPs 544:548 RuNPs 544:548 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 3 41 theme SEM 454:456 arg1 images 458:463 TEM and SEM images 446:463 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) 446:513 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 0 42 theme catalytic 62:70 arg1 applications 72:83 catalytic applications 62:83 catalytic applications 62:83 Noble metal/functionalized cellulose nanofiber composites for catalytic applications. 26256382 8 43 with reaction 1183:1190 arg1 acrylonitrile 1219:1231 acrylonitrile 1219:1231 acrylonitrile 1219:1231 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 4 44 theme Ag 650:651 arg1 % 699:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 44 theme Ag 650:651 arg1 percentage 625:634 The weight percentage 614:634 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 614:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 45 from nanocomposites 660:673 arg1 % 699:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 13.29 wt% 691:699 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 45 from nanocomposites 660:673 arg1 percentage 625:634 The weight percentage 614:634 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites 614:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 4 46 theme wt 711:712 arg1 % 713:713 22.60 wt% 705:713 22.60 wt% respectively 705:726 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 2 47 dep nanoparticles 306:318 arg1 AgNPs 331:335 AgNPs 331:335 AgNPs 331:335 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 47 dep nanoparticles 306:318 arg1 RuNPs 321:325 RuNPs 321:325 RuNPs 321:325 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 2 47 dep nanoparticles 306:318 arg1 nanoparticles 306:318 The noble metal nanoparticles 290:318 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) 290:336 The noble metal nanoparticles (RuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully decorated on the f-CNFs by a simple wet reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. 26256382 1 48 theme acetate 111:117 arg1 CANFs 131:135 CANFs 131:135 CANFs 131:135 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 1 48 theme acetate 111:117 arg1 nanofibers 119:128 cellulose acetate nanofibers 101:128 cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm 101:173 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 6 49 theme superior 923:930 arg1 activity 942:949 their superior catalytic activity 917:949 their superior catalytic activity 917:949 The usefulness of these nanocomposites was realized from their superior catalytic activity. 26256382 8 50 theme 1-phenylpiperazine 1195:1212 arg1 reaction 1183:1190 the aza-Michael reaction 1167:1190 the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile 1167:1231 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 3 51 dep nanocomposites 472:485 arg1 AgNPs/CNFs 503:512 AgNPs/CNFs 503:512 AgNPs/CNFs 503:512 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 3 51 dep nanocomposites 472:485 arg1 RuNPs/CNFs 488:497 RuNPs/CNFs 488:497 RuNPs/CNFs 488:497 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 3 51 dep nanocomposites 472:485 arg1 nanocomposites 472:485 the nanocomposites 468:485 the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) 468:513 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 3 52 theme TEM 446:448 arg1 images 458:463 TEM and SEM images 446:463 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) 446:513 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 5 53 dep Ru 789:790 arg1 the 785:787 the 785:787 the 785:787 The metallic state of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. 26256382 8 54 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 yield 1132:1136 an excellent yield 1119:1136 an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) 1119:1162 Similarly, the AgNPs/CNFs produced an excellent yield of 99% (100% selectivity) in the aza-Michael reaction of 1-phenylpiperazine with acrylonitrile. 26256382 3 55 theme nanocomposites 472:485 arg1 images 458:463 TEM and SEM images 446:463 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) 446:513 TEM and SEM images of the nanocomposites (RuNPs/CNFs and AgNPs/CNFs) confirmed that the very fine RuNPs or AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of f-CNFs. 26256382 4 56 from Ag 650:651 arg1 nanocomposites 660:673 the nanocomposites 656:673 the nanocomposites 656:673 The weight percentage of the Ru and Ag in the nanocomposites was found to be 13.29 wt% and 22.60 wt% respectively; as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. 26256382 0 57 theme cellulose 27:35 arg1 composites 47:56 cellulose nanofiber composites 27:56 cellulose nanofiber composites for catalytic applications 27:83 Noble metal/functionalized cellulose nanofiber composites for catalytic applications. 26256382 1 58 theme mean 145:148 arg1 diameter 150:157 a mean diameter 143:157 a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm 143:173 In this study, cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANFs) with a mean diameter of 325 ± 2.0 nm were electrospun followed by deacetylation and functionalization to produce anionic cellulose nanofibers (f-CNFs). 26256382 9 59 theme catalytic 1270:1278 arg1 systems 1280:1286 the catalytic systems 1266:1286 the catalytic systems 1266:1286 Mechanism has been proposed for the catalytic systems. 27681534 0 0 theme antiviral 75:83 arg1 Triazavirin 90:100 the antiviral drug Triazavirin 71:100 the antiviral drug Triazavirin 71:100 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin. 27681534 6 1 theme esters 713:718 arg1 addition 681:688 The addition 677:688 The addition of the uncharged fatty esters 677:718 The addition of the uncharged fatty esters allowed the diameter of the liposomes obtained by extrusion to be reduced to 145-150 nm with a PDI of 0.13-0.15. 27681534 1 2 theme charged 146:152 arg1 liposomes 154:162 positively charged liposomes 135:162 positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan 135:185 Novel method for the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan was elaborated. 27681534 10 3 theme liposomes 1246:1254 arg1 combination 1231:1241 an appropriate combination 1216:1241 an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer 1216:1279 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 3 4 theme Chitosan 316:323 arg1 derivatives 325:335 Chitosan derivatives 316:335 Chitosan derivatives 316:335 Chitosan derivatives were synthesized via the Ugi multicomponent reaction. 27681534 1 5 with liposomes 154:162 arg1 chitosan 178:185 modified chitosan 169:185 modified chitosan 169:185 Novel method for the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan was elaborated. 27681534 5 6 theme additives 588:596 arg1 effect 570:575 The effect 566:575 The effect of various additives 566:596 The effect of various additives was investigated and the optimal composition of the lipid film was determined. 27681534 1 7 theme liposomes 154:162 arg1 coating 124:130 the coating 120:130 the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan 120:185 Novel method for the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan was elaborated. 27681534 4 8 theme index 523:527 arg1 terms 484:488 terms 484:488 terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability 484:563 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 5 9 theme film 656:659 arg1 composition 631:641 the optimal composition 619:641 the optimal composition of the lipid film 619:659 The effect of various additives was investigated and the optimal composition of the lipid film was determined. 27681534 10 10 theme surface 1388:1394 arg1 modification 1396:1407 surface modification 1388:1407 surface modification 1388:1407 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 3 11 theme Ugi 362:364 arg1 reaction 381:388 the Ugi multicomponent reaction 358:388 the Ugi multicomponent reaction 358:388 Chitosan derivatives were synthesized via the Ugi multicomponent reaction. 27681534 8 12 theme biocompatible 1013:1025 arg1 derivatives 1035:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives 1013:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids 1013:1069 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 4 13 theme compositions 419:430 arg1 series 399:404 Several series 391:404 Several series of liposomal compositions 391:430 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 6 14 theme fatty 707:711 arg1 esters 713:718 the uncharged fatty esters 693:718 the uncharged fatty esters 693:718 The addition of the uncharged fatty esters allowed the diameter of the liposomes obtained by extrusion to be reduced to 145-150 nm with a PDI of 0.13-0.15. 27681534 9 15 theme appropriate 1076:1086 arg1 composition 1094:1104 The appropriate lipid composition 1072:1104 The appropriate lipid composition 1072:1104 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 7 16 theme prepared 837:844 arg1 liposomes 846:854 The prepared liposomes 833:854 The prepared liposomes 833:854 The prepared liposomes were loaded with the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin and used to determine the release profile. 27681534 4 17 theme liposomal 409:417 arg1 compositions 419:430 liposomal compositions 409:430 liposomal compositions 409:430 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 3 18 theme multicomponent 366:379 arg1 reaction 381:388 the Ugi multicomponent reaction 358:388 the Ugi multicomponent reaction 358:388 Chitosan derivatives were synthesized via the Ugi multicomponent reaction. 27681534 6 19 theme uncharged 697:705 arg1 esters 713:718 the uncharged fatty esters 693:718 the uncharged fatty esters 693:718 The addition of the uncharged fatty esters allowed the diameter of the liposomes obtained by extrusion to be reduced to 145-150 nm with a PDI of 0.13-0.15. 27681534 9 20 used used 1110:1113 arg2 composition 1094:1104 The appropriate lipid composition 1072:1104 The appropriate lipid composition 1072:1104 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 4 21 theme size 502:505 arg1 terms 484:488 terms 484:488 terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability 484:563 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 5 22 theme optimal 623:629 arg1 composition 631:641 the optimal composition 619:641 the optimal composition of the lipid film 619:659 The effect of various additives was investigated and the optimal composition of the lipid film was determined. 27681534 10 23 dep 3 1331:1331 arg1 to 1328:1329 to 1328:1329 to 1328:1329 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 10 24 theme layer 1275:1279 arg1 combination 1231:1241 an appropriate combination 1216:1241 an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer 1216:1279 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 1 25 theme modified 169:176 arg1 chitosan 178:185 modified chitosan 169:185 modified chitosan 169:185 Novel method for the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan was elaborated. 27681534 4 26 theme particle 493:500 arg1 size 502:505 particle size 493:505 particle size 493:505 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 8 27 theme fatty 1059:1063 arg1 acids 1065:1069 limiting fatty acids 1050:1069 limiting fatty acids 1050:1069 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 8 28 theme liposome 983:990 arg1 layer 992:996 liposome layer 983:996 liposome layer 983:996 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 2 29 theme sizes 309:313 arg1 Anotop 278:283 Anotop 278:283 Anotop 278:283 Liposomes were prepared by stepwise extrusion through inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes. 27681534 2 29 theme sizes 309:313 arg1 membranes 267:275 inorganic membranes 257:275 inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes 257:313 Liposomes were prepared by stepwise extrusion through inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes. 27681534 8 30 with salt 1003:1006 arg1 derivatives 1035:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives 1013:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids 1013:1069 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 8 31 theme limiting 1050:1057 arg1 acids 1065:1069 limiting fatty acids 1050:1069 limiting fatty acids 1050:1069 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 4 32 theme Several 391:397 arg1 series 399:404 Several series 391:404 Several series of liposomal compositions 391:430 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 2 33 theme pore 304:307 arg1 sizes 309:313 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes 289:313 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes 289:313 Liposomes were prepared by stepwise extrusion through inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes. 27681534 7 34 used used 914:917 arg2 liposomes 846:854 The prepared liposomes 833:854 The prepared liposomes 833:854 The prepared liposomes were loaded with the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin and used to determine the release profile. 27681534 5 35 theme lipid 650:654 arg1 film 656:659 the lipid film 646:659 the lipid film 646:659 The effect of various additives was investigated and the optimal composition of the lipid film was determined. 27681534 0 36 theme liposomes 31:39 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin 0:100 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin. 27681534 4 37 theme potential 541:549 arg1 terms 484:488 terms 484:488 terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability 484:563 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 5 38 theme various 580:586 arg1 additives 588:596 various additives 580:596 various additives 580:596 The effect of various additives was investigated and the optimal composition of the lipid film was determined. 27681534 9 39 theme liposomes 1159:1167 arg1 quantity 1147:1154 a larger quantity 1138:1154 a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan 1138:1195 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 0 40 theme chitosan-coated 15:29 arg1 liposomes 31:39 chitosan-coated liposomes 15:39 chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin 15:100 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin. 27681534 8 41 theme acids 1065:1069 arg1 derivatives 1035:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives 1013:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids 1013:1069 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 1 42 theme Novel 103:107 arg1 method 109:114 Novel method 103:114 Novel method for the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan 103:185 Novel method for the coating of positively charged liposomes with modified chitosan was elaborated. 27681534 7 43 theme release 936:942 arg1 profile 944:950 the release profile 932:950 the release profile 932:950 The prepared liposomes were loaded with the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin and used to determine the release profile. 27681534 9 44 theme lipid 1088:1092 arg1 composition 1094:1104 The appropriate lipid composition 1072:1104 The appropriate lipid composition 1072:1104 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 4 45 theme stability 555:563 arg1 terms 484:488 terms 484:488 terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability 484:563 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 10 46 theme colloidal 1302:1310 arg1 stability 1312:1320 colloidal stability 1302:1320 colloidal stability 1302:1320 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 10 47 theme appropriate 1219:1229 arg1 combination 1231:1241 an appropriate combination 1216:1241 an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer 1216:1279 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 2 48 theme stepwise 230:237 arg1 extrusion 239:247 stepwise extrusion 230:247 stepwise extrusion 230:247 Liposomes were prepared by stepwise extrusion through inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes. 27681534 9 49 theme modified 1179:1186 arg1 chitosan 1188:1195 modified chitosan 1179:1195 modified chitosan 1179:1195 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 0 50 theme carrier 52:58 arg1 system 60:65 a novel carrier system 44:65 a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin 44:100 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin. 27681534 6 51 theme liposomes 748:756 arg1 diameter 732:739 the diameter 728:739 the diameter of the liposomes obtained by extrusion 728:778 The addition of the uncharged fatty esters allowed the diameter of the liposomes obtained by extrusion to be reduced to 145-150 nm with a PDI of 0.13-0.15. 27681534 0 52 theme novel 46:50 arg1 system 60:65 a novel carrier system 44:65 a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin 44:100 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin. 27681534 4 53 theme zeta 536:539 arg1 potential 541:549 zeta potential 536:549 zeta potential 536:549 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 6 54 theme 0.13-0.15 822:830 arg1 PDI 815:817 a PDI 813:817 a PDI of 0.13-0.15 813:830 The addition of the uncharged fatty esters allowed the diameter of the liposomes obtained by extrusion to be reduced to 145-150 nm with a PDI of 0.13-0.15. 27681534 8 55 theme choline 1027:1033 arg1 derivatives 1035:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives 1013:1045 biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids 1013:1069 Triazavirin was included into liposome layer as a salt with biocompatible choline derivatives of limiting fatty acids. 27681534 7 56 theme drug 893:896 arg1 Triazavirin 898:908 the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin 873:908 the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin 873:908 The prepared liposomes were loaded with the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin and used to determine the release profile. 27681534 10 57 theme broad 1354:1358 arg1 capabilities 1371:1382 broad functional capabilities 1354:1382 broad functional capabilities 1354:1382 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 10 58 theme polysaccharide 1260:1273 arg1 layer 1275:1279 polysaccharide layer 1260:1279 polysaccharide layer 1260:1279 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 7 59 theme novel 877:881 arg1 Triazavirin 898:908 the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin 873:908 the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin 873:908 The prepared liposomes were loaded with the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin and used to determine the release profile. 27681534 10 60 theme functional 1360:1369 arg1 capabilities 1371:1382 broad functional capabilities 1354:1382 broad functional capabilities 1354:1382 It was shown that an appropriate combination of liposomes and polysaccharide layer potentially extended colloidal stability by up to 3 months and exhibited broad functional capabilities for surface modification. 27681534 2 61 theme inorganic 257:265 arg1 Anotop 278:283 Anotop 278:283 Anotop 278:283 Liposomes were prepared by stepwise extrusion through inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes. 27681534 2 61 theme inorganic 257:265 arg1 membranes 267:275 inorganic membranes 257:275 inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes 257:313 Liposomes were prepared by stepwise extrusion through inorganic membranes (Anotop) of 0.2 and 0.1 μm pore sizes. 27681534 9 62 theme larger 1140:1145 arg1 quantity 1147:1154 a larger quantity 1138:1154 a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan 1138:1195 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 7 63 theme antiviral 883:891 arg1 Triazavirin 898:908 the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin 873:908 the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin 873:908 The prepared liposomes were loaded with the novel antiviral drug Triazavirin and used to determine the release profile. 27681534 4 64 theme polydispersity 508:521 arg1 PDI 530:532 PDI 530:532 PDI 530:532 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 4 64 theme polydispersity 508:521 arg1 index 523:527 polydispersity index 508:527 polydispersity index (PDI) 508:533 Several series of liposomal compositions were produced and their properties were compared in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and stability. 27681534 9 65 theme quantity 1147:1154 arg1 preparation 1123:1133 the preparation 1119:1133 the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan 1119:1195 The appropriate lipid composition was used for the preparation of a larger quantity of liposomes coated by modified chitosan. 27681534 0 66 theme drug 85:88 arg1 Triazavirin 90:100 the antiviral drug Triazavirin 71:100 the antiviral drug Triazavirin 71:100 Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin. 29019116 0 0 theme Cushioning 75:84 arg1 Excipients 86:95 Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients 61:95 Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) 61:145 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 1 1 theme drug 307:310 arg1 rates 320:324 drug release rates 307:324 drug release rates 307:324 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 10 2 theme Lac-HPMC 1544:1551 arg1 excipients 1553:1562 freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1531:1562 freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1531:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 3 theme drug-loaded 1603:1613 arg1 pellets 1615:1621 the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets 1587:1621 the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7) 1587:1640 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 3 theme drug-loaded 1603:1613 arg1 value = 51.7 1628:1639 f 2 value = 51.7 1624:1639 f 2 value = 51.7 1624:1639 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 4 4 theme specific 580:587 arg1 requirements 589:600 specific requirements 580:600 specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility 580:635 However, successful formation of pellets/granules has specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility. 29019116 0 5 theme Porous 68:73 arg1 Excipients 86:95 Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients 61:95 Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) 61:145 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 1 6 theme release 312:318 arg1 rates 320:324 drug release rates 307:324 drug release rates 307:324 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 5 7 theme novel 655:659 arg1 approach 670:677 a novel top-down approach 653:677 a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling 653:719 In this study, a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling was explored to avoid the challenges of pelletization/granulation. 29019116 10 8 theme release 1477:1483 arg1 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 8 theme release 1477:1483 arg1 indicating 1643:1652 indicating 1643:1652 indicating excellent cushioning effects 1643:1681 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 8 theme release 1477:1483 arg1 profile 1485:1491 The drug release profile 1468:1491 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1468:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 3 9 theme porosity 489:496 arg1 performance 513:523 their porosity and cushioning performance 483:523 their porosity and cushioning performance 483:523 Excipients can be processed into pellets/granules and freeze-dried to increase their porosity and cushioning performance. 29019116 11 10 theme cushioning 1887:1896 arg1 excipient 1898:1906 a cushioning excipient 1885:1906 a cushioning excipient 1885:1906 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg2 starch 891:896 starch 891:896 starch 891:896 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg2 methylcellulose 842:856 w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 824:856 w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 824:863 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg2 polyvinylpyrrolidone 901:920 polyvinylpyrrolidone 901:920 polyvinylpyrrolidone 901:920 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg2 lactose 938:944 lactose 938:944 lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio 938:963 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg1 dispersions 796:806 Aqueous dispersions 788:806 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, 788:964 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg2 Lac 947:949 Lac 947:949 Lac 947:949 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 11 contain containing 808:817 arg2 % 821:821 20% 819:821 20% 819:821 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 11 12 theme brittle 1729:1735 arg1 nature 1749:1754 brittle and plastic nature 1729:1754 brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1729:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 5 13 theme top-down 661:668 arg1 approach 670:677 a novel top-down approach 653:677 a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling 653:719 In this study, a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling was explored to avoid the challenges of pelletization/granulation. 29019116 10 14 theme drug 1472:1475 arg1 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 14 theme drug 1472:1475 arg1 indicating 1643:1652 indicating 1643:1652 indicating excellent cushioning effects 1643:1681 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 14 theme drug 1472:1475 arg1 profile 1485:1491 The drug release profile 1468:1491 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1468:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 15 theme cushioning 1664:1673 arg1 effects 1675:1681 excellent cushioning effects 1654:1681 excellent cushioning effects 1654:1681 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 6 16 theme hydroxypropyl 828:840 arg1 % 821:821 20% 819:821 20% 819:821 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 16 theme hydroxypropyl 828:840 arg1 HPMC 859:862 HPMC 859:862 HPMC 859:862 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 16 theme hydroxypropyl 828:840 arg1 methylcellulose 842:856 w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 824:856 w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 824:863 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 8 17 theme cushioning 1336:1345 arg1 properties 1347:1356 cushioning properties 1336:1356 cushioning properties 1336:1356 The freeze-drying process modified the materials in a unique manner which could impart cushioning properties. 29019116 0 18 theme Multiple-Unit 111:123 arg1 MUPS 141:144 MUPS 141:144 MUPS 141:144 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 0 18 theme Multiple-Unit 111:123 arg1 Systems 132:138 Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems 101:138 Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) 101:145 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 9 19 theme unprocessed 1371:1381 arg1 excipients 1383:1392 unprocessed excipients 1371:1392 unprocessed excipients 1371:1392 Compared to unprocessed excipients, the freeze-dried products generally exhibited better cushioning effects. 29019116 7 20 theme bulk 1131:1134 arg1 method 1173:1178 a versatile method 1161:1178 a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible 1161:1246 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 7 20 theme bulk 1131:1134 arg1 milling 1150:1156 bulk freeze-drying milling 1131:1156 bulk freeze-drying milling 1131:1156 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 6 21 theme w/w 824:826 arg1 hydroxypropyl 828:840 hydroxypropyl 828:840 hydroxypropyl 828:840 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 10 22 theme freeze-dried 1531:1542 arg1 excipients 1553:1562 freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1531:1562 freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1531:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 1 23 theme pellet 180:185 arg1 MUPS 195:198 MUPS 195:198 MUPS 195:198 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 1 23 theme pellet 180:185 arg1 system 187:192 multiple-unit pellet system 166:192 multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) 166:199 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 0 24 theme Compacted 101:109 arg1 MUPS 141:144 MUPS 141:144 MUPS 141:144 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 0 24 theme Compacted 101:109 arg1 Systems 132:138 Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems 101:138 Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) 101:145 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 11 25 theme nature 1749:1754 arg1 balance 1718:1724 the specific balance 1705:1724 the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1705:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 6 26 theme particulate 1010:1020 arg1 excipients 1022:1031 particulate excipients 1010:1031 particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance 1010:1099 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 27 theme pregelatinised 876:889 arg1 % 821:821 20% 819:821 20% 819:821 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 27 theme pregelatinised 876:889 arg1 starch 891:896 starch 891:896 starch 891:896 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 1 28 theme multiple-unit 166:178 arg1 MUPS 195:198 MUPS 195:198 MUPS 195:198 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 1 28 theme multiple-unit 166:178 arg1 system 187:192 multiple-unit pellet system 166:192 multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) 166:199 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 0 29 theme Freeze-Drying 5:17 arg1 Milling 19:25 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling 0:25 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 0:146 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 10 30 theme drug-loaded 1496:1506 arg1 pellets 1508:1514 drug-loaded pellets 1496:1514 drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1496:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 11 31 theme freeze-dried 1763:1774 arg1 composite 1785:1793 the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1759:1793 the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1759:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 2 32 theme cushioning 345:354 arg1 excipients 356:365 cushioning excipients 345:365 cushioning excipients 345:365 To overcome this, cushioning excipients are added to the tablet formulation. 29019116 0 33 theme Bulk 0:3 arg1 Milling 19:25 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling 0:25 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 0:146 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 1 34 theme coat 245:248 arg1 damage 250:255 coat damage 245:255 coat damage 245:255 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 9 35 theme cushioning 1448:1457 arg1 effects 1459:1465 better cushioning effects 1441:1465 better cushioning effects 1441:1465 Compared to unprocessed excipients, the freeze-dried products generally exhibited better cushioning effects. 29019116 1 36 theme system 187:192 arg1 process 218:224 a challenging process 204:224 a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage 204:255 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 1 36 theme system 187:192 arg1 compaction 152:161 The compaction 148:161 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) 148:199 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 1 37 theme damage 250:255 arg1 ease 237:240 the ease 233:240 the ease of coat damage 233:255 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 10 38 theme uncompacted 1591:1601 arg1 pellets 1615:1621 the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets 1587:1621 the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7) 1587:1640 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 38 theme uncompacted 1591:1601 arg1 value = 51.7 1628:1639 f 2 value = 51.7 1624:1639 f 2 value = 51.7 1624:1639 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 2 39 theme tablet 384:389 arg1 formulation 391:401 the tablet formulation 380:401 the tablet formulation 380:401 To overcome this, cushioning excipients are added to the tablet formulation. 29019116 10 40 dep similar 1568:1574 arg1 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 40 dep similar 1568:1574 arg1 profile 1485:1491 The drug release profile 1468:1491 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1468:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 40 dep similar 1568:1574 arg1 indicating 1643:1652 indicating 1643:1652 indicating excellent cushioning effects 1643:1681 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 4 41 theme pellets/granules 559:574 arg1 formation 546:554 successful formation 535:554 successful formation of pellets/granules 535:574 However, successful formation of pellets/granules has specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility. 29019116 0 42 theme Pellet 125:130 arg1 MUPS 141:144 MUPS 141:144 MUPS 141:144 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 0 42 theme Pellet 125:130 arg1 Systems 132:138 Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems 101:138 Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) 101:145 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 0 43 theme Versatile 30:38 arg1 Method 40:45 a Versatile Method 28:45 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 0:146 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 1 44 theme high 263:266 arg1 pressure 280:287 high compression pressure 263:287 high compression pressure 263:287 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 11 45 theme greater 1805:1811 arg1 effect 1824:1829 greater protective effect 1805:1829 greater protective effect 1805:1829 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 6 46 theme performance 1089:1099 arg1 evaluation 1058:1067 evaluation 1058:1067 evaluation 1058:1067 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 46 theme performance 1089:1099 arg1 characterization 1037:1052 characterization 1037:1052 characterization 1037:1052 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 8 47 theme freeze-drying 1253:1265 arg1 process 1267:1273 The freeze-drying process 1249:1273 The freeze-drying process 1249:1273 The freeze-drying process modified the materials in a unique manner which could impart cushioning properties. 29019116 1 48 theme compression 268:278 arg1 pressure 280:287 high compression pressure 263:287 high compression pressure 263:287 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 11 49 theme Lac-HPMC 1776:1783 arg1 composite 1785:1793 the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1759:1793 the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1759:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 9 50 theme freeze-dried 1399:1410 arg1 products 1412:1419 the freeze-dried products 1395:1419 the freeze-dried products 1395:1419 Compared to unprocessed excipients, the freeze-dried products generally exhibited better cushioning effects. 29019116 6 51 from % 821:821 arg1 ratio 959:963 1:1 ratio 955:963 1:1 ratio 955:963 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 7 52 theme versatile 1163:1171 arg1 method 1173:1178 a versatile method 1161:1178 a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible 1161:1246 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 7 52 theme versatile 1163:1171 arg1 milling 1150:1156 bulk freeze-drying milling 1131:1156 bulk freeze-drying milling 1131:1156 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 9 53 theme better 1441:1446 arg1 effects 1459:1465 better cushioning effects 1441:1465 better cushioning effects 1441:1465 Compared to unprocessed excipients, the freeze-dried products generally exhibited better cushioning effects. 29019116 10 54 theme f 1624:1624 arg1 pellets 1615:1621 the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets 1587:1621 the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7) 1587:1640 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 54 theme f 1624:1624 arg1 value = 51.7 1628:1639 f 2 value = 51.7 1624:1639 f 2 value = 51.7 1624:1639 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 4 55 theme successful 535:544 arg1 formation 546:554 successful formation 535:554 successful formation of pellets/granules 535:574 However, successful formation of pellets/granules has specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility. 29019116 4 56 contain has 576:578 arg1 formation 546:554 successful formation 535:554 successful formation of pellets/granules 535:574 However, successful formation of pellets/granules has specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility. 29019116 4 56 contain has 576:578 arg2 requirements 589:600 specific requirements 580:600 specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility 580:635 However, successful formation of pellets/granules has specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility. 29019116 6 57 theme Aqueous 788:794 arg1 dispersions 796:806 Aqueous dispersions 788:806 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, 788:964 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 6 58 theme 1:1 955:957 arg1 ratio 959:963 1:1 ratio 955:963 1:1 ratio 955:963 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 7 59 theme freeze-drying 1136:1148 arg1 method 1173:1178 a versatile method 1161:1178 a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible 1161:1246 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 7 59 theme freeze-drying 1136:1148 arg1 milling 1150:1156 bulk freeze-drying milling 1131:1156 bulk freeze-drying milling 1131:1156 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 7 60 dep porous 1215:1220 arg1 compressible 1235:1246 compressible 1235:1246 compressible 1235:1246 This study demonstrated that bulk freeze-drying milling is a versatile method for developing excipients that are porous and directly compressible. 29019116 5 61 theme bulk 694:697 arg1 milling 713:719 bulk freeze-drying milling 694:719 bulk freeze-drying milling 694:719 In this study, a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling was explored to avoid the challenges of pelletization/granulation. 29019116 10 62 theme pellets 1508:1514 arg1 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 similar 1568:1574 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 62 theme pellets 1508:1514 arg1 indicating 1643:1652 indicating 1643:1652 indicating excellent cushioning effects 1643:1681 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 10 62 theme pellets 1508:1514 arg1 profile 1485:1491 The drug release profile 1468:1491 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients 1468:1562 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 8 63 theme unique 1303:1308 arg1 manner 1310:1315 a unique manner 1301:1315 a unique manner which could impart cushioning properties 1301:1356 The freeze-drying process modified the materials in a unique manner which could impart cushioning properties. 29019116 4 64 theme formulation 613:623 arg1 flexibility 625:635 formulation flexibility 613:635 formulation flexibility 613:635 However, successful formation of pellets/granules has specific requirements that limit formulation flexibility. 29019116 5 65 theme freeze-drying 699:711 arg1 milling 713:719 bulk freeze-drying milling 694:719 bulk freeze-drying milling 694:719 In this study, a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling was explored to avoid the challenges of pelletization/granulation. 29019116 11 66 theme protective 1813:1822 arg1 effect 1824:1829 greater protective effect 1805:1829 greater protective effect 1805:1829 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 0 67 dep Milling 19:25 arg1 Method 40:45 a Versatile Method 28:45 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 0:146 Bulk Freeze-Drying Milling: a Versatile Method of Developing Highly Porous Cushioning Excipients for Compacted Multiple-Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS). 29019116 11 68 theme specific 1709:1716 arg1 balance 1718:1724 the specific balance 1705:1724 the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1705:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 11 69 theme plastic 1741:1747 arg1 nature 1749:1754 brittle and plastic nature 1729:1754 brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1729:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 1 70 theme challenging 206:216 arg1 process 218:224 a challenging process 204:224 a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage 204:255 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 1 70 theme challenging 206:216 arg1 compaction 152:161 The compaction 148:161 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) 148:199 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 5 71 theme pelletization/granulation 761:785 arg1 challenges 747:756 the challenges 743:756 the challenges of pelletization/granulation 743:785 In this study, a novel top-down approach that harnessed bulk freeze-drying milling was explored to avoid the challenges of pelletization/granulation. 29019116 6 72 theme cushioning 1078:1087 arg1 performance 1089:1099 their cushioning performance 1072:1099 their cushioning performance 1072:1099 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 10 73 theme excellent 1654:1662 arg1 effects 1675:1681 excellent cushioning effects 1654:1681 excellent cushioning effects 1654:1681 The drug release profile of drug-loaded pellets compacted with freeze-dried Lac-HPMC excipients was similar to that of the uncompacted drug-loaded pellets (f 2 value = 51.7), indicating excellent cushioning effects. 29019116 11 74 theme drug-loaded 1838:1848 arg1 pellets 1850:1856 the drug-loaded pellets 1834:1856 the drug-loaded pellets 1834:1856 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 6 75 from lactose 938:944 arg1 ratio 959:963 1:1 ratio 955:963 1:1 ratio 955:963 Aqueous dispersions containing 20%, w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), partially pregelatinised starch or polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, and with lactose (Lac) in 1:1 ratio, were freeze-dried and then milled to obtain particulate excipients for characterization and evaluation of their cushioning performance. 29019116 3 76 theme cushioning 502:511 arg1 performance 513:523 their porosity and cushioning performance 483:523 their porosity and cushioning performance 483:523 Excipients can be processed into pellets/granules and freeze-dried to increase their porosity and cushioning performance. 29019116 11 77 theme composite 1785:1793 arg1 nature 1749:1754 brittle and plastic nature 1729:1754 brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite 1729:1793 It was proposed that the specific balance of brittle and plastic nature of the freeze-dried Lac-HPMC composite conferred greater protective effect to the drug-loaded pellets, making it advantageous as a cushioning excipient. 29019116 1 78 theme due 226:228 arg1 process 218:224 a challenging process 204:224 a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage 204:255 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 29019116 1 78 theme due 226:228 arg1 compaction 152:161 The compaction 148:161 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) 148:199 The compaction of multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) is a challenging process due to the ease of coat damage under high compression pressure, thereby altering drug release rates. 26130143 12 0 theme good 1195:1198 arg1 potential 1200:1208 good potential 1195:1208 good potential for application 1195:1224 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 12 1 from prebiotics 1312:1321 arg1 rich 1270:1273 rich 1270:1273 rich 1270:1273 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 6 2 theme titratable 586:595 arg1 acidity 597:603 the titratable acidity 582:603 the titratable acidity 582:603 lactis V9), with the titratable acidity increased to 10.01 and 8.40 mL at the end of the fermentation. 26130143 1 3 theme synbiotic 133:141 arg1 food 143:146 a synbiotic food 131:146 a synbiotic food 131:146 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 12 4 theme oat 1181:1183 arg1 flour 1185:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 1 5 theme Bifidobacterium 229:243 arg1 subsp 254:258 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 229:258 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 229:258 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 0 6 theme rich 65:68 arg1 food 60:63 a synbiotic food 48:63 a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics 48:107 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 8 7 dep 154.62 920:925 arg1 to 917:918 to 917:918 to 917:918 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 8 8 dep 104.83 972:977 arg1 to 969:970 to 969:970 to 969:970 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 7 9 theme soluble 807:813 arg1 fiber 823:827 the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content 803:848 fiber 823:827 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 4 10 theme oats 464:467 arg1 counts 440:445 The highest viable counts 421:445 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats 421:467 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 10 theme oats 464:467 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 7 11 theme non-fermented 734:746 arg1 flour 752:756 the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 716:756 the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 716:756 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 12 12 theme novel 1249:1253 arg1 food 1265:1268 a novel synbiotic food 1247:1268 a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics 1247:1321 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 0 13 theme acid 80:83 arg1 bacteria 85:92 lactic acid bacteria 73:92 lactic acid bacteria 73:92 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 4 14 theme CFU 487:489 arg1 counts 440:445 The highest viable counts 421:445 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats 421:467 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 14 theme CFU 487:489 arg1 TK9 511:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 14 theme CFU 487:489 arg1 -1 493:494 -1 493:494 -1 493:494 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 14 theme CFU 487:489 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 8 15 theme amino 880:884 arg1 nitrogen 886:893 free amino nitrogen 875:893 free amino nitrogen 875:893 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 6 16 dep V9 572:573 arg1 with 577:580 with 577:580 with 577:580 lactis V9), with the titratable acidity increased to 10.01 and 8.40 mL at the end of the fermentation. 26130143 7 17 theme oat 748:750 arg1 flour 752:756 the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 716:756 the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 716:756 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 12 18 theme acid 1285:1288 arg1 bacteria 1290:1297 lactic acid bacteria 1278:1297 lactic acid bacteria 1278:1297 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 0 19 theme lactic 73:78 arg1 bacteria 85:92 lactic acid bacteria 73:92 lactic acid bacteria 73:92 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 4 20 theme × 479:479 arg1 counts 440:445 The highest viable counts 421:445 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats 421:467 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 20 theme × 479:479 arg1 TK9 511:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 20 theme × 479:479 arg1 -1 493:494 -1 493:494 -1 493:494 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 20 theme × 479:479 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 8 21 theme free 875:878 arg1 nitrogen 886:893 free amino nitrogen 875:893 free amino nitrogen 875:893 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 6 22 theme fermentation 654:665 arg1 end 643:645 the end 639:645 the end of the fermentation 639:665 lactis V9), with the titratable acidity increased to 10.01 and 8.40 mL at the end of the fermentation. 26130143 7 23 theme fermented 720:728 arg1 flour 752:756 the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 716:756 the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 716:756 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 4 24 theme × 525:525 arg1 -1 539:540 -1 539:540 -1 539:540 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 24 theme × 525:525 arg1 g 537:537 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g 520:537 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif 520:546 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 3 25 theme molecular 339:347 arg1 distributions 356:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 12 26 theme whole 1175:1179 arg1 flour 1185:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 12 27 from rich 1270:1273 arg1 bacteria 1290:1297 lactic acid bacteria 1278:1297 lactic acid bacteria 1278:1297 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 12 27 from rich 1270:1273 arg1 prebiotics 1312:1321 β-glucan prebiotics 1303:1321 β-glucan prebiotics 1303:1321 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 8 28 theme plantarum 944:952 arg1 g 938:938 100 g 934:938 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) 934:957 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 8 28 theme plantarum 944:952 arg1 TK9 954:956 L. plantarum TK9 941:956 L. plantarum TK9 941:956 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 12 29 theme fermented 1165:1173 arg1 flour 1185:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 12 30 contain has 1191:1193 arg1 flour 1185:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 the fermented whole oat flour 1161:1189 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 12 30 contain has 1191:1193 arg2 potential 1200:1208 good potential 1195:1208 good potential for application 1195:1224 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 3 31 theme weight 349:354 arg1 distributions 356:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 8 32 theme nitrogen 886:893 arg1 amounts 864:870 the amounts 860:870 the amounts of free amino nitrogen 860:893 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 8 32 theme nitrogen 886:893 arg1 nitrogen 886:893 free amino nitrogen 875:893 free amino nitrogen 875:893 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 3 33 theme whole 397:401 arg1 fermentation 407:418 the whole oat fermentation 393:418 the whole oat fermentation 393:418 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 12 34 from bacteria 1290:1297 arg1 rich 1270:1273 rich 1270:1273 rich 1270:1273 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 0 35 theme Solid-state 0:10 arg1 fermentation 12:23 Solid-state fermentation 0:23 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats 0:37 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 4 36 theme plantarum 501:509 arg1 TK9 511:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 36 theme plantarum 501:509 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 11 37 theme less 1076:1079 arg1 weights 1068:1074 molecular weights 1058:1074 molecular weights less than 6000 Da 1058:1092 The levels of oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da increased by 4.4 and 5.96%, respectively. 26130143 7 38 theme nutrition 685:693 arg1 compositions 695:706 the nutrition compositions 681:706 the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour 681:756 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 11 39 theme molecular 1058:1066 arg1 weights 1068:1074 molecular weights 1058:1074 molecular weights less than 6000 Da 1058:1092 The levels of oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da increased by 4.4 and 5.96%, respectively. 26130143 0 40 theme whole 28:32 arg1 oats 34:37 whole oats 28:37 whole oats 28:37 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 4 41 theme L. 498:499 arg1 TK9 511:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 L. plantarum TK9 498:513 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 41 theme L. 498:499 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 42 dep g 537:537 arg1 Bif 544:546 Bif 544:546 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif 520:546 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 6 43 theme lactis 565:570 arg1 V9 572:573 lactis V9) 565:574 lactis V9) 565:574 lactis V9), with the titratable acidity increased to 10.01 and 8.40 mL at the end of the fermentation. 26130143 1 44 theme whole 176:180 arg1 flour 186:190 whole oat flour 176:190 whole oat flour 176:190 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 12 45 theme synbiotic 1255:1263 arg1 food 1265:1268 a novel synbiotic food 1247:1268 a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics 1247:1321 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 4 46 theme fermented 454:462 arg1 oats 464:467 the fermented oats 450:467 the fermented oats 450:467 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 11 47 theme peptides 1044:1051 arg1 levels 1030:1035 The levels 1026:1035 The levels of oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da 1026:1092 The levels of oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da increased by 4.4 and 5.96%, respectively. 26130143 1 48 theme oat 182:184 arg1 flour 186:190 whole oat flour 176:190 whole oat flour 176:190 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 0 49 from rich 65:68 arg1 prebiotics 98:107 prebiotics 98:107 prebiotics 98:107 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 0 49 from rich 65:68 arg1 bacteria 85:92 lactic acid bacteria 73:92 lactic acid bacteria 73:92 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 1 50 theme flour 186:190 arg1 fermentation 160:171 the fermentation 156:171 the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 156:258 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 0 51 theme oats 34:37 arg1 fermentation 12:23 Solid-state fermentation 0:23 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats 0:37 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 12 52 theme rich 1270:1273 arg1 food 1265:1268 a novel synbiotic food 1247:1268 a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics 1247:1321 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 1 53 dep Lactobacillus 197:209 arg1 plantarum 211:219 plantarum 211:219 plantarum 211:219 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 12 54 theme β-glucan 1303:1310 arg1 prebiotics 1312:1321 β-glucan prebiotics 1303:1321 β-glucan prebiotics 1303:1321 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 3 55 theme oat 403:405 arg1 fermentation 407:418 the whole oat fermentation 393:418 the whole oat fermentation 393:418 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 1 56 with fermentation 160:171 arg1 TK9 221:223 Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 197:223 Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 197:223 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 1 56 with fermentation 160:171 arg1 subsp 254:258 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 229:258 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 229:258 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 0 57 theme synbiotic 50:58 arg1 food 60:63 a synbiotic food 48:63 a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics 48:107 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 8 58 theme L. 941:942 arg1 g 938:938 100 g 934:938 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) 934:957 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 8 58 theme L. 941:942 arg1 TK9 954:956 L. plantarum TK9 941:956 L. plantarum TK9 941:956 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 8 59 dep g 990:990 arg1 Bif 993:995 Bif 993:995 Bif 993:995 However, the amounts of free amino nitrogen increased from 110.84 to 154.62 mg per 100 g (L. plantarum TK9) and 82.16 to 104.83 mg per 100 g (Bif. 26130143 4 60 theme viable 433:438 arg1 counts 440:445 The highest viable counts 421:445 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats 421:467 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 60 theme viable 433:438 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 61 theme highest 425:431 arg1 counts 440:445 The highest viable counts 421:445 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats 421:467 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 61 theme highest 425:431 arg1 g 491:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g 474:491 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) 474:514 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 11 62 theme oat 1040:1042 arg1 peptides 1044:1051 oat peptides 1040:1051 oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da 1040:1092 The levels of oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da increased by 4.4 and 5.96%, respectively. 26130143 3 63 theme physicochemical 276:290 arg1 properties 292:301 The physicochemical properties 272:301 The physicochemical properties 272:301 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 3 63 theme physicochemical 276:290 arg1 changes 304:310 changes 304:310 changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions 304:368 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 0 64 from bacteria 85:92 arg1 rich 65:68 rich 65:68 rich 65:68 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 26130143 7 65 theme dietary 815:821 arg1 fiber 823:827 the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content 803:848 fiber 823:827 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 1 66 theme Lactobacillus 197:209 arg1 TK9 221:223 Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 197:223 Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 197:223 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 1 67 dep Bifidobacterium 229:243 arg1 animalis 245:252 animalis 245:252 animalis 245:252 This study developed a synbiotic food through the fermentation of whole oat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26130143 7 68 theme β-glucan 833:840 arg1 content 842:848 the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content 803:848 content 842:848 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 7 69 from change 793:798 arg1 fiber 823:827 the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content 803:848 fiber 823:827 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 7 69 from change 793:798 arg1 content 842:848 the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content 803:848 content 842:848 By comparing the nutrition compositions between the fermented and non-fermented oat flour, we found that there was almost no change in the soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content. 26130143 10 70 theme lactis 1014:1019 arg1 V9 1021:1022 lactis V9 1014:1022 lactis V9 1014:1022 lactis V9). 26130143 12 71 theme lactic 1278:1283 arg1 bacteria 1290:1297 lactic acid bacteria 1278:1297 lactic acid bacteria 1278:1297 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 2 72 dep V9 268:269 arg1 lactis 261:266 lactis 261:266 lactis 261:266 lactis V9. 26130143 4 73 theme CFU 533:535 arg1 -1 539:540 -1 539:540 -1 539:540 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 4 73 theme CFU 533:535 arg1 g 537:537 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g 520:537 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif 520:546 The highest viable counts of the fermented oats were 2.85 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) (L. plantarum TK9) and 3.17 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) (Bif. 26130143 3 74 theme peptide 331:337 arg1 distributions 356:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 3 75 from changes 304:310 arg1 distributions 356:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 peptide molecular weight distributions 331:368 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 3 75 from changes 304:310 arg1 ingredients 315:325 ingredients 315:325 ingredients 315:325 The physicochemical properties, changes in ingredients and peptide molecular weight distributions were determined during the whole oat fermentation. 26130143 12 76 theme food 1265:1268 arg1 production 1233:1242 the production 1229:1242 the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics 1229:1321 The results suggest that the fermented whole oat flour has good potential for application in the production of a novel synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan prebiotics. 26130143 11 77 with peptides 1044:1051 arg1 weights 1068:1074 molecular weights 1058:1074 molecular weights less than 6000 Da 1058:1092 The levels of oat peptides with molecular weights less than 6000 Da increased by 4.4 and 5.96%, respectively. 26130143 0 78 from prebiotics 98:107 arg1 rich 65:68 rich 65:68 rich 65:68 Solid-state fermentation of whole oats to yield a synbiotic food rich in lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics. 28575980 7 0 theme CS/PEG 1005:1010 arg1 film 1016:1019 The CS/PEG gel film 1001:1019 The CS/PEG gel film 1001:1019 The CS/PEG gel film could prevent the CS/PEG sol from diluting in body fluid. 28575980 6 1 dep joints 918:923 arg1 the 892:894 the 892:894 the 892:894 In this study, CS/PEG was added in the texture of artificial joints, then the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect. 28575980 6 1 dep joints 918:923 arg1 texture 896:902 texture 896:902 texture 896:902 In this study, CS/PEG was added in the texture of artificial joints, then the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect. 28575980 3 2 theme joint 461:465 arg1 lubrication 467:477 joint lubrication 461:477 joint lubrication 461:477 To prolong the lubricant's effectiveness, this study prepared chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (CS/PEG) and textures to play a role in joint lubrication and wear protection. 28575980 4 3 theme ethylene 523:530 arg1 glycol 532:537 ethylene glycol 523:537 ethylene glycol 523:537 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 3 theme ethylene 523:530 arg1 poly 518:521 poly 518:521 poly(ethylene glycol) 518:538 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 7 4 theme gel 1012:1014 arg1 film 1016:1019 The CS/PEG gel film 1001:1019 The CS/PEG gel film 1001:1019 The CS/PEG gel film could prevent the CS/PEG sol from diluting in body fluid. 28575980 9 5 theme simple 1297:1302 arg1 approach 1314:1321 a new, simple and green approach 1290:1321 a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints 1290:1379 This study provides a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints. 28575980 5 6 theme 30-90N 821:826 arg1 load 828:831 30-90N load 821:831 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa) 821:854 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 6 theme 30-90N 821:826 arg1 4.2-12.6MPa 843:853 pressure 4.2-12.6MPa 834:853 pressure 4.2-12.6MPa 834:853 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 0 7 theme artificial 89:98 arg1 lubrication 107:117 artificial joints lubrication 89:117 artificial joints lubrication 89:117 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 9 8 theme joints 1374:1379 arg1 performances 1347:1358 tribological performances 1334:1358 tribological performances of artificial joints 1334:1379 This study provides a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints. 28575980 5 9 theme excellent 678:686 arg1 performance 688:698 excellent performance 678:698 excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG 678:750 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 9 theme excellent 678:686 arg1 coefficient 774:784 the average friction coefficient 753:784 the average friction coefficient below 0.016 753:796 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 6 10 theme NaOH 973:976 arg1 effect 993:998 NaOH solidification effect 973:998 NaOH solidification effect 973:998 In this study, CS/PEG was added in the texture of artificial joints, then the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect. 28575980 8 11 theme Raman 1113:1117 arg1 spectra 1119:1125 Raman spectra 1113:1125 Raman spectra 1113:1125 Meanwhile, FT-IR, XRD, UV/vis and Raman spectra revealed that CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect may form a particular structure, which leaded the good tribological performance. 28575980 8 12 theme particular 1200:1209 arg1 structure 1211:1219 a particular structure 1198:1219 a particular structure 1198:1219 Meanwhile, FT-IR, XRD, UV/vis and Raman spectra revealed that CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect may form a particular structure, which leaded the good tribological performance. 28575980 1 13 theme body 169:172 arg1 fluid 174:178 body fluid 169:178 body fluid 169:178 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid has poor performance as lubricant. 28575980 0 14 theme joints 100:105 arg1 lubrication 107:117 artificial joints lubrication 89:117 artificial joints lubrication 89:117 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 1 15 dep Arthroplasty 120:131 arg1 brings 133:138 brings 133:138 brings the wear problems because of body fluid 133:178 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid has poor performance as lubricant. 28575980 9 16 theme new 1292:1294 arg1 approach 1314:1321 a new, simple and green approach 1290:1321 a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints 1290:1379 This study provides a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints. 28575980 0 17 theme textured 6:13 arg1 alloy 24:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy 0:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy 0:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 5 18 contain has 674:676 arg2 performance 688:698 excellent performance 678:698 excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG 678:750 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 18 contain has 674:676 arg2 coefficient 774:784 the average friction coefficient 753:784 the average friction coefficient below 0.016 753:796 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 18 contain has 674:676 arg1 sol 670:672 CS/PEG sol 663:672 CS/PEG sol 663:672 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 6 19 theme CS/PEG 951:956 arg1 surfaces 935:942 the surfaces 931:942 the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect 931:998 In this study, CS/PEG was added in the texture of artificial joints, then the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect. 28575980 0 20 theme Laser 0:4 arg1 alloy 24:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy 0:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy 0:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 2 21 theme human 300:304 arg1 body 306:309 human body 300:309 human body 300:309 Lubricant which is used in artificial joints will rapidly degrade and be absorbed by human body after injecting. 28575980 1 22 theme poor 184:187 arg1 performance 189:199 poor performance 184:199 poor performance 184:199 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid has poor performance as lubricant. 28575980 5 23 theme % 746:746 arg1 PEG 748:750 30wt% PEG 742:750 30wt% PEG 742:750 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 24 theme 30wt 742:745 arg1 PEG 748:750 30wt% PEG 742:750 30wt% PEG 742:750 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 8 25 dep good 1239:1242 arg1 tribological 1244:1255 tribological 1244:1255 tribological 1244:1255 Meanwhile, FT-IR, XRD, UV/vis and Raman spectra revealed that CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect may form a particular structure, which leaded the good tribological performance. 28575980 9 26 theme green 1308:1312 arg1 approach 1314:1321 a new, simple and green approach 1290:1321 a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints 1290:1379 This study provides a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints. 28575980 0 27 theme Co-Cr-Mo 15:22 arg1 alloy 24:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy 0:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy 0:28 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 4 28 theme biodegradability 572:587 arg1 properties 589:598 biodegradability properties 572:598 biodegradability properties 572:598 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 8 29 theme CS 1141:1142 arg1 effect 1182:1187 CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect 1141:1187 CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect 1141:1187 Meanwhile, FT-IR, XRD, UV/vis and Raman spectra revealed that CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect may form a particular structure, which leaded the good tribological performance. 28575980 5 30 theme CS/PEG 663:668 arg1 sol 670:672 CS/PEG sol 663:672 CS/PEG sol 663:672 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 1 31 contain has 180:182 arg1 Arthroplasty 120:131 Arthroplasty 120:131 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid 120:178 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid has poor performance as lubricant. 28575980 1 31 contain has 180:182 arg2 performance 189:199 poor performance 184:199 poor performance 184:199 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid has poor performance as lubricant. 28575980 8 32 theme good 1239:1242 arg1 performance 1257:1267 the good tribological performance 1235:1267 the good tribological performance 1235:1267 Meanwhile, FT-IR, XRD, UV/vis and Raman spectra revealed that CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect may form a particular structure, which leaded the good tribological performance. 28575980 2 33 used used 234:237 arg2 Lubricant 215:223 Lubricant 215:223 Lubricant 215:223 Lubricant which is used in artificial joints will rapidly degrade and be absorbed by human body after injecting. 28575980 5 34 theme average 757:763 arg1 performance 688:698 excellent performance 678:698 excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG 678:750 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 34 theme average 757:763 arg1 coefficient 774:784 the average friction coefficient 753:784 the average friction coefficient below 0.016 753:796 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 3 35 theme ethylene 404:411 arg1 chitosan/poly 390:402 chitosan/poly 390:402 chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (CS/PEG) 390:428 To prolong the lubricant's effectiveness, this study prepared chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (CS/PEG) and textures to play a role in joint lubrication and wear protection. 28575980 3 35 theme ethylene 404:411 arg1 glycol 413:418 ethylene glycol 404:418 ethylene glycol 404:418 To prolong the lubricant's effectiveness, this study prepared chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (CS/PEG) and textures to play a role in joint lubrication and wear protection. 28575980 5 36 theme 2wt 730:732 arg1 CS 735:736 2wt% CS 730:736 2wt% CS 730:736 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 7 37 theme CS/PEG 1039:1044 arg1 sol 1046:1048 the CS/PEG sol 1035:1048 the CS/PEG sol 1035:1048 The CS/PEG gel film could prevent the CS/PEG sol from diluting in body fluid. 28575980 5 38 theme friction 765:772 arg1 performance 688:698 excellent performance 678:698 excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG 678:750 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 38 theme friction 765:772 arg1 coefficient 774:784 the average friction coefficient 753:784 the average friction coefficient below 0.016 753:796 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 0 39 theme ethylene 51:58 arg1 glycol 60:65 ethylene glycol 51:65 ethylene glycol 51:65 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 3 40 theme lubricant 343:351 arg1 effectiveness 355:367 the lubricant's effectiveness 339:367 the lubricant's effectiveness 339:367 To prolong the lubricant's effectiveness, this study prepared chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (CS/PEG) and textures to play a role in joint lubrication and wear protection. 28575980 9 41 theme tribological 1334:1345 arg1 performances 1347:1358 tribological performances 1334:1358 tribological performances of artificial joints 1334:1379 This study provides a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints. 28575980 5 42 theme load 828:831 arg1 condition 808:816 the condition 804:816 the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa) 804:854 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 7 43 theme body 1067:1070 arg1 fluid 1072:1076 body fluid 1067:1076 body fluid 1067:1076 The CS/PEG gel film could prevent the CS/PEG sol from diluting in body fluid. 28575980 0 44 dep stored 30:35 arg1 glycol 60:65 ethylene glycol 51:65 ethylene glycol 51:65 Laser textured Co-Cr-Mo alloy stored chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) composite applied on artificial joints lubrication. 28575980 4 45 used used 607:610 arg2 poly 518:521 poly 518:521 poly(ethylene glycol) 518:538 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 45 used used 607:610 arg2 glycol 532:537 ethylene glycol 523:537 ethylene glycol 523:537 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 45 used used 607:610 arg2 CS 510:511 CS 510:511 CS 510:511 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 45 used used 607:610 arg2 Chitosan 500:507 Chitosan 500:507 Chitosan (CS) 500:512 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 46 theme human 615:619 arg1 body 621:624 human body 615:624 human body 615:624 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 5 47 theme pressure 834:841 arg1 load 828:831 30-90N load 821:831 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa) 821:854 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 5 47 theme pressure 834:841 arg1 4.2-12.6MPa 843:853 pressure 4.2-12.6MPa 834:853 pressure 4.2-12.6MPa 834:853 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 8 48 theme hydrogen 1168:1175 arg1 bond 1177:1180 hydrogen bond 1168:1180 hydrogen bond 1168:1180 Meanwhile, FT-IR, XRD, UV/vis and Raman spectra revealed that CS associated with PEG via hydrogen bond effect may form a particular structure, which leaded the good tribological performance. 28575980 6 49 theme solidification 978:991 arg1 effect 993:998 NaOH solidification effect 973:998 NaOH solidification effect 973:998 In this study, CS/PEG was added in the texture of artificial joints, then the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect. 28575980 2 50 theme artificial 242:251 arg1 joints 253:258 artificial joints 242:258 artificial joints 242:258 Lubricant which is used in artificial joints will rapidly degrade and be absorbed by human body after injecting. 28575980 9 51 theme artificial 1363:1372 arg1 joints 1374:1379 artificial joints 1363:1379 artificial joints 1363:1379 This study provides a new, simple and green approach to enhance tribological performances of artificial joints. 28575980 1 52 theme wear 144:147 arg1 problems 149:156 the wear problems 140:156 the wear problems 140:156 Arthroplasty brings the wear problems because of body fluid has poor performance as lubricant. 28575980 6 53 theme artificial 907:916 arg1 joints 918:923 artificial joints 907:923 artificial joints 907:923 In this study, CS/PEG was added in the texture of artificial joints, then the surfaces of the CS/PEG formed gel via NaOH solidification effect. 28575980 5 54 theme % 733:733 arg1 CS 735:736 2wt% CS 730:736 2wt% CS 730:736 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 28575980 4 55 contain have 546:549 arg1 glycol 532:537 ethylene glycol 523:537 ethylene glycol 523:537 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 55 contain have 546:549 arg2 biocompatibility 551:566 biocompatibility 551:566 biocompatibility 551:566 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 55 contain have 546:549 arg1 CS 510:511 CS 510:511 CS 510:511 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 55 contain have 546:549 arg1 poly 518:521 poly 518:521 poly(ethylene glycol) 518:538 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 55 contain have 546:549 arg2 properties 589:598 biodegradability properties 572:598 biodegradability properties 572:598 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 4 55 contain have 546:549 arg1 Chitosan 500:507 Chitosan 500:507 Chitosan (CS) 500:512 Chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) which have biocompatibility and biodegradability properties can be used in human body. 28575980 3 56 theme wear 483:486 arg1 protection 488:497 wear protection 483:497 wear protection 483:497 To prolong the lubricant's effectiveness, this study prepared chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (CS/PEG) and textures to play a role in joint lubrication and wear protection. 28575980 5 57 dep results 644:650 arg1 shown 652:656 shown 652:656 results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa) 644:854 The tribological results shown that CS/PEG sol has excellent performance when this sol was composed by 2wt% CS and 30wt% PEG, the average friction coefficient below 0.016 under the condition of 30-90N load (pressure 4.2-12.6MPa). 27459590 8 0 theme first 1348:1352 arg1 time 1354:1357 the first time 1344:1357 the first time 1344:1357 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 6 1 theme Physicochemical 1023:1037 arg1 characterization 1039:1054 Physicochemical characterization 1023:1054 Physicochemical characterization 1023:1054 Physicochemical characterization reveals that M-CDs can adsorb at the oil-water interface and locate at the droplet surface as an effective Pickering emulsifier. 27459590 0 2 theme Various 98:104 arg1 Types 106:110 Various Types 98:110 Various Types of Emulsions 98:123 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 5 3 theme intelligent 856:866 arg1 M-CDs 868:872 the intelligent M-CDs 852:872 the intelligent M-CDs 852:872 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 0 4 theme Emulsions 115:123 arg1 Types 106:110 Various Types 98:110 Various Types of Emulsions 98:123 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 8 5 theme W/O 1438:1440 arg1 emulsions 1443:1451 water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions 1424:1451 water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions 1424:1451 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 10 6 theme practical 1755:1763 arg1 applications 1765:1776 practical applications 1755:1776 practical applications in wastewater treatment 1755:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 3 7 theme continuous 565:574 arg1 phase 576:580 the continuous phase 561:580 the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases 561:621 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 2 8 theme recent 351:356 arg1 years 358:362 recent years 351:362 recent years 351:362 Although superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years, they are incapable of directly separating all types of oil-water mixtures. 27459590 5 9 theme CD-oil 962:967 arg1 complexes 979:987 CD-oil inclusion complexes 962:987 CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) 962:993 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 5 9 theme CD-oil 962:967 arg1 ICs 990:992 ICs 990:992 ICs 990:992 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 4 10 theme magnetic 661:668 arg1 particles 680:688 cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles 639:688 cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) 639:696 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 4 10 theme magnetic 661:668 arg1 M-CDs 691:695 M-CDs 691:695 M-CDs 691:695 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 10 11 theme MNPs 1652:1655 arg1 sustainability 1586:1599 the sustainability 1582:1599 the sustainability of cyclodextrin 1582:1615 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 10 11 theme MNPs 1652:1655 arg1 ability 1641:1647 effective recycling ability 1621:1647 effective recycling ability of MNPs 1621:1655 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 9 12 theme demulsification 1543:1557 arg1 efficiency 1559:1568 high demulsification efficiency 1538:1568 high demulsification efficiency 1538:1568 Furthermore, the recycled MNPs still show high demulsification efficiency. 27459590 10 13 theme friendly 1721:1728 arg1 material 1742:1749 an environmentally friendly interfacial material 1702:1749 an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment 1702:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 10 14 theme sustainability 1586:1599 arg1 view 1574:1577 view 1574:1577 view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs 1574:1655 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 6 15 theme Pickering 1163:1171 arg1 emulsifier 1173:1182 an effective Pickering emulsifier 1150:1182 an effective Pickering emulsifier 1150:1182 Physicochemical characterization reveals that M-CDs can adsorb at the oil-water interface and locate at the droplet surface as an effective Pickering emulsifier. 27459590 5 16 theme inclusion 969:977 arg1 complexes 979:987 CD-oil inclusion complexes 962:987 CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) 962:993 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 5 16 theme inclusion 969:977 arg1 ICs 990:992 ICs 990:992 ICs 990:992 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 1 17 from emulsions 176:184 arg1 separation 152:161 Effective oil-water phase separation 126:161 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, 126:228 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 2 18 theme considerable 325:336 arg1 attention 338:346 considerable attention 325:346 considerable attention 325:346 Although superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years, they are incapable of directly separating all types of oil-water mixtures. 27459590 3 19 theme emulsions 469:477 arg1 types 460:464 separate various types 443:464 separate various types of emulsions 443:477 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 10 20 from applications 1765:1776 arg1 treatment 1792:1800 wastewater treatment 1781:1800 wastewater treatment 1781:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 8 21 theme surfactant-free 1360:1374 arg1 oil-in-water 1401:1412 surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water 1360:1412 surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) 1360:1418 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 8 21 theme surfactant-free 1360:1374 arg1 O/W 1415:1417 O/W 1415:1417 O/W 1415:1417 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 10 22 theme new 1675:1677 arg1 opportunity 1679:1689 a new opportunity 1673:1689 a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment 1673:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 7 23 theme magnetic 1209:1216 arg1 field 1218:1222 an external magnetic field 1197:1222 an external magnetic field 1197:1222 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 10 24 theme recycling 1631:1639 arg1 ability 1641:1647 effective recycling ability 1621:1647 effective recycling ability of MNPs 1621:1655 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 4 25 theme interfacial 757:767 arg1 activity 769:776 their special interfacial activity 743:776 their special interfacial activity 743:776 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 5 26 from interface 1012:1020 arg1 formation 949:957 the formation 945:957 the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface 945:1020 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 2 27 theme mixtures 430:437 arg1 types 411:415 all types 407:415 all types of oil-water mixtures 407:437 Although superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years, they are incapable of directly separating all types of oil-water mixtures. 27459590 0 28 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 Fabrication 7:17 Facile Fabrication 0:17 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions 0:123 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 3 29 theme target 599:604 arg1 phases 616:621 target dispersed phases 599:621 target dispersed phases 599:621 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 2 30 theme oil-water 420:428 arg1 mixtures 430:437 oil-water mixtures 420:437 oil-water mixtures 420:437 Although superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years, they are incapable of directly separating all types of oil-water mixtures. 27459590 0 31 theme Cyclodextrin-Modified 22:42 arg1 Particles 53:61 Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles 22:61 Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles 22:61 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 10 32 theme environmentally 1705:1719 arg1 material 1742:1749 an environmentally friendly interfacial material 1702:1749 an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment 1702:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 10 33 theme ability 1641:1647 arg1 view 1574:1577 view 1574:1577 view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs 1574:1655 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 5 34 theme complexes 979:987 arg1 formation 949:957 the formation 945:957 the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface 945:1020 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 3 35 theme important 496:504 arg1 features 506:513 the most important features 487:513 the most important features of particles 487:526 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 4 36 theme special 749:755 arg1 activity 769:776 their special interfacial activity 743:776 their special interfacial activity 743:776 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 4 37 theme external 797:804 arg1 field 815:819 an external magnetic field 794:819 an external magnetic field 794:819 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 0 38 from Types 106:110 arg1 Demulsification 77:91 Effective Demulsification 67:91 Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions 67:123 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 1 39 theme Effective 126:134 arg1 separation 152:161 Effective oil-water phase separation 126:161 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, 126:228 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 3 40 theme features 506:513 arg1 one 480:482 one 480:482 one 480:482 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 3 40 theme features 506:513 arg1 features 506:513 the most important features 487:513 the most important features of particles 487:526 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 0 41 theme Particles 53:61 arg1 Fabrication 7:17 Facile Fabrication 0:17 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions 0:123 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 6 42 theme effective 1153:1161 arg1 emulsifier 1173:1182 an effective Pickering emulsifier 1150:1182 an effective Pickering emulsifier 1150:1182 Physicochemical characterization reveals that M-CDs can adsorb at the oil-water interface and locate at the droplet surface as an effective Pickering emulsifier. 27459590 9 43 theme recycled 1513:1520 arg1 MNPs 1522:1525 the recycled MNPs 1509:1525 the recycled MNPs 1509:1525 Furthermore, the recycled MNPs still show high demulsification efficiency. 27459590 7 44 theme rapid 1274:1278 arg1 separation 1296:1305 a rapid oil-water phase separation 1272:1305 a rapid oil-water phase separation 1272:1305 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 6 45 theme oil-water 1093:1101 arg1 interface 1103:1111 the oil-water interface 1089:1111 the oil-water interface 1089:1111 Physicochemical characterization reveals that M-CDs can adsorb at the oil-water interface and locate at the droplet surface as an effective Pickering emulsifier. 27459590 2 46 dep superhydrophobic 263:278 arg1 materials 300:308 materials 300:308 materials 300:308 Although superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years, they are incapable of directly separating all types of oil-water mixtures. 27459590 0 47 theme Magnetic 44:51 arg1 Particles 53:61 Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles 22:61 Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles 22:61 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 8 48 theme separation 1473:1482 arg1 efficiency 1484:1493 high separation efficiency 1468:1493 high separation efficiency 1468:1493 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 10 49 theme effective 1621:1629 arg1 ability 1641:1647 effective recycling ability 1621:1647 effective recycling ability of MNPs 1621:1655 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 7 50 attach removed 1235:1241 arg2 M-CDs 1225:1229 M-CDs 1225:1229 M-CDs 1225:1229 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 7 50 attach removed 1235:1241 arg1 surface 1260:1266 the droplet surface 1248:1266 the droplet surface 1248:1266 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 1 51 theme great 236:240 arg1 importance 242:251 great importance 236:251 great importance 236:251 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 0 52 theme Effective 67:75 arg1 Demulsification 77:91 Effective Demulsification 67:91 Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions 67:123 Facile Fabrication of Cyclodextrin-Modified Magnetic Particles for Effective Demulsification from Various Types of Emulsions. 27459590 10 53 theme cyclodextrin 1604:1615 arg1 sustainability 1586:1599 the sustainability 1582:1599 the sustainability of cyclodextrin 1582:1615 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 10 53 theme cyclodextrin 1604:1615 arg1 ability 1641:1647 effective recycling ability 1621:1647 effective recycling ability of MNPs 1621:1655 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 8 54 theme high 1468:1471 arg1 efficiency 1484:1493 high separation efficiency 1468:1493 high separation efficiency 1468:1493 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 3 55 theme dispersed 606:614 arg1 phases 616:621 target dispersed phases 599:621 target dispersed phases 599:621 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 8 56 theme surfactant-stabilized 1379:1399 arg1 oil-in-water 1401:1412 surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water 1360:1412 surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) 1360:1418 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 8 56 theme surfactant-stabilized 1379:1399 arg1 O/W 1415:1417 O/W 1415:1417 O/W 1415:1417 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 1 57 theme oil-water 136:144 arg1 separation 152:161 Effective oil-water phase separation 126:161 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, 126:228 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 3 58 theme various 452:458 arg1 types 460:464 separate various types 443:464 separate various types of emulsions 443:477 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 8 59 theme water-in-oil 1424:1435 arg1 emulsions 1443:1451 water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions 1424:1451 water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions 1424:1451 Our M-CDs can demulsify, for the first time, surfactant-free or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions directly, with high separation efficiency. 27459590 1 60 theme phase 146:150 arg1 separation 152:161 Effective oil-water phase separation 126:161 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, 126:228 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 7 61 theme oil-water 1280:1288 arg1 separation 1296:1305 a rapid oil-water phase separation 1272:1305 a rapid oil-water phase separation 1272:1305 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 5 62 theme oil-water 1002:1010 arg1 interface 1012:1020 the oil-water interface 998:1020 the oil-water interface 998:1020 Though M-CDs are hydrophilic, the intelligent M-CDs can switch from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity spontaneously, due to the formation of CD-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) at the oil-water interface. 27459590 9 63 theme high 1538:1541 arg1 efficiency 1559:1568 high demulsification efficiency 1538:1568 high demulsification efficiency 1538:1568 Furthermore, the recycled MNPs still show high demulsification efficiency. 27459590 7 64 theme phase 1290:1294 arg1 separation 1296:1305 a rapid oil-water phase separation 1272:1305 a rapid oil-water phase separation 1272:1305 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 10 65 theme wastewater 1781:1790 arg1 treatment 1792:1800 wastewater treatment 1781:1800 wastewater treatment 1781:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 4 66 theme magnetic 806:813 arg1 field 815:819 an external magnetic field 794:819 an external magnetic field 794:819 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 3 67 theme particles 518:526 arg1 features 506:513 the most important features 487:513 the most important features of particles 487:526 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 10 68 theme interfacial 1730:1740 arg1 material 1742:1749 an environmentally friendly interfacial material 1702:1749 an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment 1702:1800 In view of the sustainability of cyclodextrin and effective recycling ability of MNPs, M-CDs provides a new opportunity to develop an environmentally friendly interfacial material for practical applications in wastewater treatment. 27459590 7 69 theme droplet 1252:1258 arg1 surface 1260:1266 the droplet surface 1248:1266 the droplet surface 1248:1266 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 4 70 theme composite 670:678 arg1 particles 680:688 cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles 639:688 cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) 639:696 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 4 70 theme composite 670:678 arg1 M-CDs 691:695 M-CDs 691:695 M-CDs 691:695 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 1 71 theme various 168:174 arg1 emulsions 176:184 various emulsions 168:184 various emulsions 168:184 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 1 71 theme various 168:174 arg1 those 198:202 those 198:202 those 198:202 Effective oil-water phase separation from various emulsions, especially those stabilized by surfactant, is of great importance. 27459590 4 72 theme cyclodextrin-modified 639:659 arg1 particles 680:688 cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles 639:688 cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) 639:696 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 4 72 theme cyclodextrin-modified 639:659 arg1 M-CDs 691:695 M-CDs 691:695 M-CDs 691:695 In this study, cyclodextrin-modified magnetic composite particles (M-CDs) have been fabricated for this goal, based on their special interfacial activity and response to an external magnetic field. 27459590 3 73 theme separate 443:450 arg1 types 460:464 separate various types 443:464 separate various types of emulsions 443:477 To separate various types of emulsions, one of the most important features of particles is that they can be dispersed in the continuous phase for delivery and target dispersed phases. 27459590 7 74 theme external 1200:1207 arg1 field 1218:1222 an external magnetic field 1197:1222 an external magnetic field 1197:1222 By applying an external magnetic field, M-CDs are removed from the droplet surface and a rapid oil-water phase separation occurs. 27459590 6 75 theme droplet 1131:1137 arg1 surface 1139:1145 the droplet surface 1127:1145 the droplet surface 1127:1145 Physicochemical characterization reveals that M-CDs can adsorb at the oil-water interface and locate at the droplet surface as an effective Pickering emulsifier. 26453865 6 0 theme gel 857:859 arg1 network 861:867 the EC gel network 850:867 the EC gel network 850:867 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 10 1 theme flaxseed 1511:1518 arg1 oil 1520:1522 cold-pressed flaxseed oil 1498:1522 cold-pressed flaxseed oil 1498:1522 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 8 2 theme 10wt 1192:1195 arg1 addition 1198:1205 10wt% addition 1192:1205 10wt% addition 1192:1205 Binding interactions between EC and these molecules were successfully modeled using a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition. 26453865 7 3 theme gradual 1025:1031 arg1 decrease 1033:1040 a gradual decrease 1023:1040 a gradual decrease with increasing proportions 1023:1068 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 1 4 theme edible 159:164 arg1 oils 166:169 structure edible oils 149:169 structure edible oils 149:169 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 5 5 theme Gel 618:620 arg1 strength 622:629 Gel strength 618:629 Gel strength 618:629 Gel strength was positively correlated to solvent polarity when blending soybean oil with either mineral oil or castor oil. 26453865 12 6 theme oleogels 1890:1897 arg1 properties 1873:1882 the mechanical properties 1858:1882 the mechanical properties 1858:1882 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 4 7 theme molecules 607:615 arg1 polarity 557:564 the bulk solvent polarity 540:564 the bulk solvent polarity 540:564 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 4 7 theme molecules 607:615 arg1 addition 574:581 the addition 570:581 the addition of surface active small molecules 570:615 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 6 8 from phase 827:831 arg1 present 808:814 present 808:814 present 808:814 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 5 9 theme soybean 691:697 arg1 oil 699:701 soybean oil 691:701 soybean oil 691:701 Gel strength was positively correlated to solvent polarity when blending soybean oil with either mineral oil or castor oil. 26453865 8 10 theme Langmuir 1157:1164 arg1 adsorption 1166:1175 Langmuir adsorption 1157:1175 a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition 1155:1205 Binding interactions between EC and these molecules were successfully modeled using a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition. 26453865 2 11 dep similar 216:222 arg1 similar 216:222 similar 216:222 similar 216:222 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 11 dep similar 216:222 arg1 process 185:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 11 dep similar 216:222 arg1 properties 201:210 gel properties 197:210 gel properties 197:210 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 11 dep similar 216:222 arg1 difference 264:273 the main difference 255:273 the main difference 255:273 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 11 dep similar 216:222 arg1 nature 285:290 the nature 281:290 the nature of the solvent 281:305 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 7 12 theme % 999:999 arg1 addition 1001:1008 10wt% addition 995:1008 10wt% addition 995:1008 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 12 13 theme mechanical 1862:1871 arg1 properties 1873:1882 the mechanical properties 1858:1882 the mechanical properties 1858:1882 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 6 14 from present 808:814 arg1 phase 827:831 the oil phase 819:831 the oil phase 819:831 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 5 15 theme solvent 660:666 arg1 polarity 668:675 solvent polarity 660:675 solvent polarity 660:675 Gel strength was positively correlated to solvent polarity when blending soybean oil with either mineral oil or castor oil. 26453865 2 16 theme gel 197:199 arg1 process 185:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 16 theme gel 197:199 arg1 properties 201:210 gel properties 197:210 gel properties 197:210 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 16 theme gel 197:199 arg1 difference 264:273 the main difference 255:273 the main difference 255:273 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 16 theme gel 197:199 arg1 nature 285:290 the nature 281:290 the nature of the solvent 281:305 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 1 17 theme known 116:120 arg1 polymer 133:139 the only known food-grade polymer 107:139 the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils 107:169 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 1 17 theme known 116:120 arg1 Ethylcellulose 84:97 Ethylcellulose 84:97 Ethylcellulose (EC) 84:102 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 12 18 theme properties 1949:1958 arg1 tailoring 1925:1933 the tailoring 1921:1933 the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications 1921:1983 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 11 19 theme relaxation 1645:1654 arg1 times 1656:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 9 20 theme thermal 1225:1231 arg1 behavior 1233:1240 the thermal behavior 1221:1240 the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol 1221:1276 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 7 21 theme oleyl 921:925 arg1 alcohol 927:933 oleyl alcohol 921:933 oleyl alcohol 921:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 21 theme oleyl 921:925 arg1 molecules 896:904 the small molecules 886:904 the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol 886:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 12 22 from influence 1818:1826 arg1 properties 1873:1882 the mechanical properties 1858:1882 the mechanical properties 1858:1882 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 10 23 theme gels 1400:1403 arg1 behavior 1388:1395 the mechanical behavior 1373:1395 the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1373:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 12 24 theme various 1964:1970 arg1 applications 1972:1983 various applications 1964:1983 various applications 1964:1983 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 0 25 theme oleogels 74:81 arg1 strength 47:54 the mechanical strength 32:54 the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels 32:81 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 26453865 0 26 from Influence 0:8 arg1 strength 47:54 the mechanical strength 32:54 the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels 32:81 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 26453865 5 27 theme mineral 715:721 arg1 oil 723:725 mineral oil 715:725 mineral oil 715:725 Gel strength was positively correlated to solvent polarity when blending soybean oil with either mineral oil or castor oil. 26453865 9 28 theme acid 1253:1256 arg1 behavior 1233:1240 the thermal behavior 1221:1240 the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol 1221:1276 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 7 29 theme molecules 896:904 arg1 addition 874:881 The addition 870:881 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol 870:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 4 30 theme alternative 433:443 arg1 strategies 445:454 Two alternative strategies 429:454 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels 429:509 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 9 31 theme stearyl 1262:1268 arg1 alcohol 1270:1276 stearyl alcohol 1262:1276 stearyl alcohol 1262:1276 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 0 32 theme ethylcellulose 59:72 arg1 oleogels 74:81 ethylcellulose oleogels 59:81 ethylcellulose oleogels 59:81 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 26453865 3 33 theme deformation 381:391 arg1 behavior 404:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior 371:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels 371:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 10 34 theme deodorized 1443:1452 arg1 oils 1472:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 10 35 theme free 1604:1607 arg1 components 1592:1601 minor components 1586:1601 minor components (free fatty acids) 1586:1620 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 10 35 theme free 1604:1607 arg1 acids 1615:1619 free fatty acids 1604:1619 free fatty acids 1604:1619 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 0 36 theme solvent 13:19 arg1 quality 21:27 solvent quality 13:27 solvent quality 13:27 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 26453865 10 37 theme components 1592:1601 arg1 presence 1574:1581 the presence 1570:1581 the presence of minor components (free fatty acids) 1570:1620 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 10 37 theme components 1592:1601 arg1 polarity 1556:1563 oil polarity 1552:1563 oil polarity 1552:1563 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 3 38 theme EC 416:417 arg1 oleogels 419:426 EC oleogels 416:426 EC oleogels 416:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 6 39 theme oil 823:825 arg1 phase 827:831 the oil phase 819:831 the oil phase 819:831 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 3 40 theme quality 360:366 arg1 influence 339:347 the influence 335:347 the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels 335:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 6 41 attach present 808:814 arg1 phase 827:831 the oil phase 819:831 the oil phase 819:831 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 6 41 attach present 808:814 arg2 entities 799:806 the polar entities 789:806 the polar entities present in the oil phase 789:831 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 0 42 theme mechanical 36:45 arg1 strength 47:54 the mechanical strength 32:54 the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels 32:81 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 26453865 11 43 theme T2 1642:1643 arg1 times 1656:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 6 44 theme entities 799:806 arg1 ability 778:784 the ability 774:784 the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network 774:867 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 10 45 theme minor 1586:1590 arg1 components 1592:1601 minor components 1586:1601 minor components (free fatty acids) 1586:1620 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 10 45 theme minor 1586:1590 arg1 acids 1615:1619 free fatty acids 1604:1619 free fatty acids 1604:1619 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 9 46 theme EC 1346:1347 arg1 network 1349:1355 the EC network 1342:1355 the EC network 1342:1355 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 4 47 theme surface 586:592 arg1 molecules 607:615 surface active small molecules 586:615 surface active small molecules 586:615 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 7 48 dep addition 1001:1008 arg1 up 989:990 up 989:990 up 989:990 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 49 theme increasing 1047:1056 arg1 proportions 1058:1068 increasing proportions 1047:1068 increasing proportions 1047:1068 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 4 50 theme solvent 549:555 arg1 polarity 557:564 the bulk solvent polarity 540:564 the bulk solvent polarity 540:564 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 2 51 theme main 259:262 arg1 process 185:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 51 theme main 259:262 arg1 properties 201:210 gel properties 197:210 gel properties 197:210 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 51 theme main 259:262 arg1 difference 264:273 the main difference 255:273 the main difference 255:273 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 51 theme main 259:262 arg1 nature 285:290 the nature 281:290 the nature of the solvent 281:305 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 6 52 theme EC 854:855 arg1 network 861:867 the EC gel network 850:867 the EC gel network 850:867 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 10 53 theme cold-pressed 1498:1509 arg1 oil 1520:1522 cold-pressed flaxseed oil 1498:1522 cold-pressed flaxseed oil 1498:1522 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 1 54 theme structure 149:157 arg1 oils 166:169 structure edible oils 149:169 structure edible oils 149:169 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 8 55 theme % 1196:1196 arg1 addition 1198:1205 10wt% addition 1192:1205 10wt% addition 1192:1205 Binding interactions between EC and these molecules were successfully modeled using a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition. 26453865 11 56 theme restricted 1710:1719 arg1 mobility 1721:1728 the more restricted mobility 1701:1728 the more restricted mobility of the solvent 1701:1743 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 12 57 theme EC 1887:1888 arg1 oleogels 1890:1897 EC oleogels 1887:1897 EC oleogels 1887:1897 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 4 58 theme small 601:605 arg1 molecules 607:615 surface active small molecules 586:615 surface active small molecules 586:615 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 7 59 theme 10wt 995:998 arg1 addition 1001:1008 10wt% addition 995:1008 10wt% addition 995:1008 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 12 60 theme composition 1843:1853 arg1 influence 1818:1826 the strong influence 1807:1826 the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications 1807:1983 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 10 61 theme oil 1552:1554 arg1 polarity 1556:1563 oil polarity 1552:1563 oil polarity 1552:1563 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 11 62 theme solvent 1737:1743 arg1 mobility 1721:1728 the more restricted mobility 1701:1728 the more restricted mobility of the solvent 1701:1743 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 8 63 theme adsorption 1166:1175 arg1 isotherm 1177:1184 a Langmuir adsorption isotherm 1155:1184 a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition 1155:1205 Binding interactions between EC and these molecules were successfully modeled using a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition. 26453865 7 64 dep molecules 896:904 arg1 acid 912:915 oleic acid 906:915 oleic acid 906:915 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 64 dep molecules 896:904 arg1 alcohol 927:933 oleyl alcohol 921:933 oleyl alcohol 921:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 64 dep molecules 896:904 arg1 molecules 896:904 the small molecules 886:904 the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol 886:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 65 theme gel 976:978 arg1 strength 980:987 gel strength 976:987 gel strength 976:987 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 2 66 theme polymer 236:242 arg1 hydrogels 244:252 polymer hydrogels 236:252 polymer hydrogels 236:252 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 7 67 theme substantial 949:959 arg1 enhancement 961:971 a substantial enhancement 947:971 a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition 947:1008 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 5 68 theme castor 730:735 arg1 oil 737:739 castor oil 730:739 castor oil 730:739 Gel strength was positively correlated to solvent polarity when blending soybean oil with either mineral oil or castor oil. 26453865 1 69 theme food-grade 122:131 arg1 polymer 133:139 the only known food-grade polymer 107:139 the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils 107:169 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 1 69 theme food-grade 122:131 arg1 Ethylcellulose 84:97 Ethylcellulose 84:97 Ethylcellulose (EC) 84:102 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 4 70 theme mechanical 477:486 arg1 response 488:495 the mechanical response 473:495 the mechanical response of these gels 473:509 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 12 71 theme mechanical 1938:1947 arg1 properties 1949:1958 mechanical properties 1938:1958 mechanical properties 1938:1958 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 1 72 theme able 141:144 arg1 polymer 133:139 the only known food-grade polymer 107:139 the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils 107:169 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 1 72 theme able 141:144 arg1 Ethylcellulose 84:97 Ethylcellulose 84:97 Ethylcellulose (EC) 84:102 Ethylcellulose (EC) is the only known food-grade polymer able to structure edible oils. 26453865 11 73 theme Shorter 1623:1629 arg1 times 1656:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 11 74 theme due 1694:1696 arg1 gels 1689:1692 stronger gels 1680:1692 stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent 1680:1743 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 9 75 theme stearic 1245:1251 arg1 acid 1253:1256 stearic acid 1245:1256 stearic acid 1245:1256 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 12 76 theme solvent 1835:1841 arg1 composition 1843:1853 the solvent composition 1831:1853 the solvent composition 1831:1853 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 10 77 theme mechanical 1377:1386 arg1 behavior 1388:1395 the mechanical behavior 1373:1395 the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1373:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 11 78 theme stronger 1680:1687 arg1 gels 1689:1692 stronger gels 1680:1692 stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent 1680:1743 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 3 79 from influence 339:347 arg1 behavior 404:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior 371:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels 371:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 7 80 theme oleic 906:910 arg1 acid 912:915 oleic acid 906:915 oleic acid 906:915 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 80 theme oleic 906:910 arg1 molecules 896:904 the small molecules 886:904 the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol 886:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 3 81 theme present 312:318 arg1 study 320:324 The present study 308:324 The present study 308:324 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 10 82 theme refined 1420:1426 arg1 oils 1472:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 9 83 theme alcohol 1270:1276 arg1 behavior 1233:1240 the thermal behavior 1221:1240 the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol 1221:1276 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 12 84 theme strong 1811:1816 arg1 influence 1818:1826 the strong influence 1807:1826 the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications 1807:1983 This work has demonstrated the strong influence of the solvent composition on the mechanical properties of EC oleogels, which will allow for the tailoring of mechanical properties for various applications. 26453865 7 85 theme small 890:894 arg1 acid 912:915 oleic acid 906:915 oleic acid 906:915 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 85 theme small 890:894 arg1 alcohol 927:933 oleyl alcohol 921:933 oleyl alcohol 921:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 7 85 theme small 890:894 arg1 molecules 896:904 the small molecules 886:904 the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol 886:933 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 3 86 theme solvent 352:358 arg1 quality 360:366 solvent quality 352:366 solvent quality 352:366 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 11 87 theme pulsed 1631:1636 arg1 times 1656:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 3 88 theme mechanical 393:402 arg1 behavior 404:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior 371:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels 371:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 0 89 theme quality 21:27 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 0:82 Influence of solvent quality on the mechanical strength of ethylcellulose oleogels. 26453865 4 90 theme bulk 544:547 arg1 polarity 557:564 the bulk solvent polarity 540:564 the bulk solvent polarity 540:564 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 7 91 dep resulted 935:942 arg1 followed 1011:1018 followed 1011:1018 followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions 1011:1068 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 10 92 from Differences 1358:1368 arg1 behavior 1388:1395 the mechanical behavior 1373:1395 the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1373:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 9 93 theme direct 1295:1300 arg1 interaction 1302:1312 a direct interaction 1293:1312 a direct interaction between these molecules 1293:1336 Furthermore, the thermal behavior of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol also indicated a direct interaction between these molecules and the EC network. 26453865 7 94 from enhancement 961:971 arg1 strength 980:987 gel strength 976:987 gel strength 976:987 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 3 95 theme large 375:379 arg1 behavior 404:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior 371:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels 371:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 4 96 theme gels 506:509 arg1 response 488:495 the mechanical response 473:495 the mechanical response of these gels 473:509 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 26453865 10 97 theme bleached 1429:1436 arg1 oils 1472:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 3 98 theme oleogels 419:426 arg1 behavior 404:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior 371:411 the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels 371:426 The present study examines the influence of solvent quality on the large deformation mechanical behavior of EC oleogels. 26453865 10 99 theme soybean 1464:1470 arg1 oils 1472:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 11 100 theme NMR 1638:1640 arg1 times 1656:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times 1623:1660 Shorter pulsed NMR T2 relaxation times were observed for stronger gels due to the more restricted mobility of the solvent when interacting with the polymer. 26453865 2 101 theme solvent 299:305 arg1 similar 216:222 similar 216:222 similar 216:222 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 101 theme solvent 299:305 arg1 process 185:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 101 theme solvent 299:305 arg1 properties 201:210 gel properties 197:210 gel properties 197:210 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 101 theme solvent 299:305 arg1 difference 264:273 the main difference 255:273 the main difference 255:273 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 101 theme solvent 299:305 arg1 nature 285:290 the nature 281:290 the nature of the solvent 281:305 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 6 102 theme present 808:814 arg1 entities 799:806 the polar entities 789:806 the polar entities present in the oil phase 789:831 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 10 103 theme canola 1454:1459 arg1 oils 1472:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils 1420:1475 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 2 104 theme gelation 176:183 arg1 similar 216:222 similar 216:222 similar 216:222 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 104 theme gelation 176:183 arg1 process 185:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process 172:191 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 104 theme gelation 176:183 arg1 properties 201:210 gel properties 197:210 gel properties 197:210 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 104 theme gelation 176:183 arg1 difference 264:273 the main difference 255:273 the main difference 255:273 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 2 104 theme gelation 176:183 arg1 nature 285:290 the nature 281:290 the nature of the solvent 281:305 The gelation process and gel properties are similar to those of polymer hydrogels, the main difference being the nature of the solvent. 26453865 10 105 theme fatty 1609:1613 arg1 components 1592:1601 minor components 1586:1601 minor components (free fatty acids) 1586:1620 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 10 105 theme fatty 1609:1613 arg1 acids 1615:1619 free fatty acids 1604:1619 free fatty acids 1604:1619 Differences in the mechanical behavior of gels prepared using refined, bleached, and deodorized canola or soybean oils, and those made with cold-pressed flaxseed oil could be attributed to both oil polarity, and the presence of minor components (free fatty acids). 26453865 8 106 theme Binding 1071:1077 arg1 interactions 1079:1090 Binding interactions 1071:1090 Binding interactions between EC 1071:1101 Binding interactions between EC and these molecules were successfully modeled using a Langmuir adsorption isotherm below 10wt% addition. 26453865 6 107 theme polar 793:797 arg1 entities 799:806 the polar entities 789:806 the polar entities present in the oil phase 789:831 This behavior was attributed to the ability of the polar entities present in the oil phase to interact with the EC gel network. 26453865 7 108 with decrease 1033:1040 arg1 proportions 1058:1068 increasing proportions 1047:1068 increasing proportions 1047:1068 The addition of the small molecules oleic acid and oleyl alcohol resulted in a substantial enhancement in gel strength up to 10wt% addition, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing proportions. 26453865 4 109 theme active 594:599 arg1 molecules 607:615 surface active small molecules 586:615 surface active small molecules 586:615 Two alternative strategies for manipulating the mechanical response of these gels were evaluated; manipulating the bulk solvent polarity and the addition of surface active small molecules. 28771196 3 0 theme X-ray 677:681 arg1 XPS 711:713 XPS 711:713 XPS 711:713 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 0 theme X-ray 677:681 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 677:708 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 677:714 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 1 1 dep fields 283:288 arg1 minimize 293:300 minimize 293:300 to minimize the failure rate of implantation 290:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 0 2 theme Osteogenic 182:191 arg1 Activity 193:200 Enhanced Osteogenic Activity 173:200 Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo 173:221 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 3 3 theme surface 808:814 arg1 composition 825:835 the surface chemical composition 804:835 the surface chemical composition 804:835 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 1 4 theme implant 239:245 arg1 models 247:252 The most ideal implant models 224:252 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation 224:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 2 5 theme titanium 467:474 arg1 samples 481:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples 450:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 450:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 1 6 theme implantation 322:333 arg1 rate 314:317 the failure rate 302:317 the failure rate of implantation 302:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 0 7 theme Enhanced 173:180 arg1 Activity 193:200 Enhanced Osteogenic Activity 173:200 Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo 173:221 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 6 8 theme bone 1192:1195 arg1 formation 1197:1205 bone formation 1192:1205 bone formation 1192:1205 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 3 9 theme contact 756:762 arg1 measurement 770:780 contact angle measurement 756:780 contact angle measurement 756:780 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 5 10 theme surface-modified 1060:1075 arg1 samples 1077:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. 28771196 4 11 theme rough 987:991 arg1 surfaces 993:1000 rough surfaces 987:1000 rough surfaces 987:1000 The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. 28771196 4 12 theme implant 912:918 arg1 surfaces 920:927 implant surfaces 912:927 implant surfaces 912:927 The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. 28771196 2 13 theme disc 492:495 arg1 samples 481:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples 450:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 450:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 2 14 from preparation 435:445 arg1 formation 645:653 bone formation 640:653 bone formation in vitro and in vivo 640:674 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 4 15 mod modified 947:954 arg3 DEX 961:963 DEX 961:963 DEX 961:963 The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. 28771196 4 15 mod modified 947:954 arg3 GDF-5 972:976 GDF-5 972:976 GDF-5 972:976 The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. 28771196 4 15 mod modified 947:954 arg1 surfaces 920:927 implant surfaces 912:927 implant surfaces 912:927 The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. 28771196 8 16 theme micro 1701:1705 arg1 computed-tomography 1680:1698 micro computed-tomography 1674:1698 micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis 1674:1718 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 8 16 theme micro 1701:1705 arg1 CT 1707:1708 micro CT 1701:1708 micro CT 1701:1708 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 8 17 theme bone 1553:1556 arg1 formation 1558:1566 Active bone formation 1546:1566 Active bone formation 1546:1566 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 0 18 theme Surface-Modified 94:109 arg1 Titanium 111:118 Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium 61:118 Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium 61:118 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 9 19 theme advanced 1785:1792 arg1 implants 1794:1801 advanced implants 1785:1801 advanced implants 1785:1801 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 6 20 theme alkaline 1368:1375 arg1 ALP 1390:1392 ALP 1390:1392 ALP 1390:1392 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 20 theme alkaline 1368:1375 arg1 phosphatase 1377:1387 alkaline phosphatase 1368:1387 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1368:1402 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 21 dep proliferation 1174:1186 arg1 The 1170:1172 The 1170:1172 The 1170:1172 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 3 22 used used 787:790 arg2 XPS 711:713 XPS 711:713 XPS 711:713 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 22 used used 787:790 arg2 spectroscopy 697:708 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 677:708 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 677:714 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 22 used used 787:790 arg2 SEM 747:749 SEM 747:749 SEM 747:749 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 22 used used 787:790 arg2 measurement 770:780 contact angle measurement 756:780 contact angle measurement 756:780 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 22 used used 787:790 arg2 microscopy 735:744 scanning electron microscopy 717:744 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 717:750 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 6 23 theme counting 1307:1314 arg1 assay 1330:1334 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 2 24 theme samples 481:487 arg1 preparation 435:445 the preparation 431:445 the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 431:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 2 24 theme samples 481:487 arg1 evaluation 606:615 the evaluation 602:615 the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo 602:674 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 2 24 theme samples 481:487 arg1 focus 408:412 a focus 406:412 a focus of this study 406:426 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 8 25 theme Active 1546:1551 arg1 formation 1558:1566 Active bone formation 1546:1566 Active bone formation 1546:1566 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 2 26 theme efficacies 626:635 arg1 preparation 435:445 the preparation 431:445 the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 431:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 2 26 theme efficacies 626:635 arg1 evaluation 606:615 the evaluation 602:615 the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo 602:674 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 2 26 theme efficacies 626:635 arg1 focus 408:412 a focus 406:412 a focus of this study 406:426 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 9 27 theme Surface 1721:1727 arg1 method 1774:1779 a good method 1767:1779 a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications 1767:1841 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 9 27 theme Surface 1721:1727 arg1 modification 1729:1740 Surface modification 1721:1740 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 1721:1756 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 3 28 theme chemical 816:823 arg1 composition 825:835 the surface chemical composition 804:835 the surface chemical composition 804:835 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 5 29 from GDF-5 1034:1038 arg1 samples 1077:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. 28771196 1 30 theme osseointegration 362:377 arg1 improvement 347:357 the improvement 343:357 the improvement of osseointegration with host bone 343:392 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 5 31 theme sustained 1152:1160 arg1 manner 1162:1167 a sustained manner 1150:1167 a sustained manner 1150:1167 DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. 28771196 3 32 theme photoelectron 683:695 arg1 XPS 711:713 XPS 711:713 XPS 711:713 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 32 theme photoelectron 683:695 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 677:708 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 677:714 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 2 33 theme study 422:426 arg1 preparation 435:445 the preparation 431:445 the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 431:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 2 33 theme study 422:426 arg1 focus 408:412 a focus 406:412 a focus of this study 406:426 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 1 34 theme dental 261:266 arg1 fields 283:288 the dental and orthopedic fields 257:288 the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation 257:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 9 35 theme orthopaedic 1807:1817 arg1 applications 1830:1841 orthopaedic and dental applications 1807:1841 orthopaedic and dental applications 1807:1841 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 5 36 from DEX 1029:1031 arg1 samples 1077:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. 28771196 8 37 dep DEX/GDF-5-Ti 1630:1641 arg1 bone 1652:1655 bone 1652:1655 bone 1652:1655 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 6 38 theme cell 1302:1305 arg1 counting 1307:1314 cell counting kit-8 1302:1320 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 38 theme cell 1302:1305 arg1 CCK-8 1323:1327 CCK-8 1323:1327 CCK-8 1323:1327 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 39 theme deposition 1416:1425 arg1 assay 1330:1334 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 39 theme deposition 1416:1425 arg1 measurements 1352:1363 the measurements 1348:1363 the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition 1348:1425 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 9 40 theme good 1769:1772 arg1 method 1774:1779 a good method 1767:1779 a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications 1767:1841 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 9 40 theme good 1769:1772 arg1 modification 1729:1740 Surface modification 1721:1740 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 1721:1756 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 1 41 theme orthopedic 272:281 arg1 fields 283:288 the dental and orthopedic fields 257:288 the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation 257:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 0 42 theme Titanium 111:118 arg1 Evaluation 16:25 Evaluation 16:25 Evaluation 16:25 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 0 42 theme Titanium 111:118 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 7 43 theme MC3T3-E1 1442:1449 arg1 cells 1451:1455 MC3T3-E1 cells 1442:1455 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5-Ti 1442:1480 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5-Ti showed noticeable ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 28771196 6 44 theme calcium 1408:1414 arg1 deposition 1416:1425 calcium deposition 1408:1425 calcium deposition 1408:1425 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 2 45 theme surface-modified 450:465 arg1 samples 481:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples 450:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 450:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 3 46 theme surface 838:844 arg1 morphology 846:855 surface morphology 838:855 surface morphology 838:855 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 2 47 theme types 507:511 arg1 samples 481:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples 450:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 450:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 1 48 theme host 384:387 arg1 bone 389:392 host bone 384:392 host bone 384:392 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 6 49 theme MC3T3-E1 1210:1217 arg1 cells 1219:1223 MC3T3-E1 cells 1210:1223 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro 1210:1283 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 0 50 theme Dexamethasone 30:42 arg1 /Growth 49:55 Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth 30:55 Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth 30:55 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 0 51 theme β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated 126:150 arg1 CD-Hep 161:166 CD-Hep 161:166 CD-Hep 161:166 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 0 51 theme β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated 126:150 arg1 Heparin 152:158 β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin 126:158 β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo 126:221 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 6 52 theme surface-modified 1250:1265 arg1 implants 1267:1274 surface-modified implants 1250:1274 surface-modified implants 1250:1274 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 3 53 theme scanning 717:724 arg1 microscopy 735:744 scanning electron microscopy 717:744 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 717:750 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 53 theme scanning 717:724 arg1 SEM 747:749 SEM 747:749 SEM 747:749 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 2 54 theme screw 501:505 arg1 types 507:511 screw types 501:511 screw types 501:511 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 8 55 theme strong 1572:1577 arg1 osseointegration 1579:1594 strong osseointegration 1572:1594 strong osseointegration 1572:1594 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 5 56 from DEX/GDF-5 1043:1051 arg1 samples 1077:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 the surface-modified samples 1056:1083 DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. 28771196 2 57 theme Ti 477:478 arg1 samples 481:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples 450:487 surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) 450:588 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 8 58 theme micro 1674:1678 arg1 computed-tomography 1680:1698 micro computed-tomography 1674:1698 micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis 1674:1718 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 8 58 theme micro 1674:1678 arg1 CT 1707:1708 micro CT 1701:1708 micro CT 1701:1708 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 1 59 from models 247:252 arg1 fields 283:288 the dental and orthopedic fields 257:288 the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation 257:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 7 60 theme calcium 1517:1523 arg1 deposition 1525:1534 calcium deposition 1517:1534 calcium deposition 1517:1534 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5-Ti showed noticeable ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 28771196 2 61 theme bone 640:643 arg1 formation 645:653 bone formation 640:653 bone formation in vitro and in vivo 640:674 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 6 62 theme activity 1395:1402 arg1 assay 1330:1334 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 1302:1334 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 62 theme activity 1395:1402 arg1 measurements 1352:1363 the measurements 1348:1363 the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition 1348:1425 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 1 63 theme failure 306:312 arg1 rate 314:317 the failure rate 302:317 the failure rate of implantation 302:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 1 64 with osseointegration 362:377 arg1 bone 389:392 host bone 384:392 host bone 384:392 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 6 65 theme cells 1219:1223 arg1 proliferation 1174:1186 proliferation 1174:1186 proliferation 1174:1186 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 6 65 theme cells 1219:1223 arg1 formation 1197:1205 bone formation 1192:1205 bone formation 1192:1205 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 8 66 theme computed-tomography 1680:1698 arg1 analysis 1711:1718 micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis 1674:1718 micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis 1674:1718 Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5-Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. 28771196 3 67 theme angle 764:768 arg1 measurement 770:780 contact angle measurement 756:780 contact angle measurement 756:780 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 7 68 theme noticeable 1489:1498 arg1 activity 1504:1511 noticeable ALP activity 1489:1511 noticeable ALP activity 1489:1511 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5-Ti showed noticeable ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 28771196 9 69 theme dental 1823:1828 arg1 applications 1830:1841 orthopaedic and dental applications 1807:1841 orthopaedic and dental applications 1807:1841 Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications. 28771196 7 70 theme ALP 1500:1502 arg1 activity 1504:1511 noticeable ALP activity 1489:1511 noticeable ALP activity 1489:1511 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5-Ti showed noticeable ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 28771196 1 71 theme most 228:231 arg1 models 247:252 The most ideal implant models 224:252 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation 224:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28771196 0 72 theme /Growth 49:55 arg1 Evaluation 16:25 Evaluation 16:25 Evaluation 16:25 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 0 72 theme /Growth 49:55 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. 28771196 3 73 theme electron 726:733 arg1 microscopy 735:744 scanning electron microscopy 717:744 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 717:750 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 3 73 theme electron 726:733 arg1 SEM 747:749 SEM 747:749 SEM 747:749 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. 28771196 2 74 from evaluation 606:615 arg1 formation 645:653 bone formation 640:653 bone formation in vitro and in vivo 640:674 Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. 28771196 6 75 theme phosphatase 1377:1387 arg1 activity 1395:1402 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1368:1402 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 1368:1402 The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. 28771196 1 76 theme ideal 233:237 arg1 models 247:252 The most ideal implant models 224:252 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation 224:333 The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. 28277010 7 0 theme mass 873:876 arg1 ratio 878:882 1/40 mass ratio 868:882 1/40 mass ratio 868:882 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio could promote the cell adhesion and proliferation. 28277010 4 1 theme composite 578:586 arg1 film 588:591 the Tur/CS composite film 567:591 the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder 567:622 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 0 2 theme film 62:65 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 0:97 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 10 3 theme skin 1378:1381 arg1 applications 1402:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 1 4 theme composite 146:154 arg1 films 156:160 tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite films 117:160 tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite films 117:160 We have developed tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite films for wound healing applications. 28277010 4 5 theme Tur/CS 571:576 arg1 film 588:591 the Tur/CS composite film 567:591 the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder 567:622 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 3 6 theme CS 357:358 arg1 film 360:363 the CS film 353:363 the CS film 353:363 Tur particles were uniformly distributed in the CS film and the crystal structure of CS was not remarkably changed except the decrease of crystallinity. 28277010 4 7 theme healing 492:498 arg1 applications 500:511 wound healing applications 486:511 wound healing applications 486:511 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 6 8 theme Tur 778:780 arg1 concentrations 782:795 Tur concentrations 778:795 Tur concentrations 778:795 Tur concentrations strongly influenced cell process extension. 28277010 9 9 theme porcine 1044:1050 arg1 wounds 1072:1077 porcine full-thickness burn wounds 1044:1077 porcine full-thickness burn wounds 1044:1077 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 0 10 theme wound 71:75 arg1 applications 85:96 wound healing applications 71:96 wound healing applications 71:96 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 9 11 theme higher 1177:1182 arg1 number 1184:1189 a significantly higher number 1161:1189 a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1161:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 7 12 theme Tur/CS 841:846 arg1 film 858:861 Tur/CS composite film 841:861 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio 841:882 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio could promote the cell adhesion and proliferation. 28277010 9 13 theme full-thickness 1052:1065 arg1 wounds 1072:1077 porcine full-thickness burn wounds 1044:1077 porcine full-thickness burn wounds 1044:1077 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 10 14 theme wound 1360:1364 arg1 healing 1366:1372 wound healing 1360:1372 wound healing 1360:1372 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 2 15 theme infrared 269:276 arg1 spectra 278:284 infrared spectra 269:284 infrared spectra 269:284 The characteristics of composite films were studied by optical microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. 28277010 7 16 theme composite 848:856 arg1 film 858:861 Tur/CS composite film 841:861 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio 841:882 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio could promote the cell adhesion and proliferation. 28277010 4 17 theme Tur 479:481 arg1 influence 466:474 The influence 462:474 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications 462:511 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 9 18 theme newly-formed 1194:1205 arg1 vessels 1224:1230 newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1194:1230 newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1194:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 8 19 theme Tur 985:987 arg1 density 989:995 high Tur density 980:995 high Tur density 980:995 Fewer and shorter processes were observed at high Tur density. 28277010 4 20 theme different 644:652 arg1 proportion 654:663 different proportion 644:663 different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10) 644:682 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 3 21 theme crystal 373:379 arg1 structure 381:389 the crystal structure 369:389 the crystal structure of CS 369:395 Tur particles were uniformly distributed in the CS film and the crystal structure of CS was not remarkably changed except the decrease of crystallinity. 28277010 4 22 from influence 466:474 arg1 applications 500:511 wound healing applications 486:511 wound healing applications 486:511 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 8 23 theme high 980:983 arg1 density 989:995 high Tur density 980:995 high Tur density 980:995 Fewer and shorter processes were observed at high Tur density. 28277010 10 24 theme engineering 1390:1400 arg1 applications 1402:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 1 25 theme wound 166:170 arg1 healing 172:178 wound healing 166:178 wound healing applications 166:191 We have developed tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite films for wound healing applications. 28277010 0 26 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 0:97 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 9 27 with group 1130:1134 arg1 ratio 1151:1155 1/40 mass ratio 1141:1155 1/40 mass ratio 1141:1155 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 7 28 theme cell 902:905 arg1 adhesion 907:914 the cell adhesion 898:914 the cell adhesion 898:914 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio could promote the cell adhesion and proliferation. 28277010 9 29 theme fastest 1237:1243 arg1 regeneration 1245:1256 fastest regeneration 1237:1256 fastest regeneration of dermis 1237:1266 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 30 theme histological 1080:1091 arg1 results 1093:1099 histological results 1080:1099 histological results 1080:1099 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 1 31 theme healing 172:178 arg1 applications 180:191 wound healing applications 166:191 wound healing applications 166:191 We have developed tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite films for wound healing applications. 28277010 0 32 theme in 13:14 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 0:97 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 4 33 theme Tur 545:547 arg1 concentrations 549:562 Tur concentrations 545:562 Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder 545:622 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 9 34 theme mature 1211:1216 arg1 vessels 1224:1230 newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1194:1230 newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1194:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 3 35 theme crystallinity 447:459 arg1 decrease 435:442 the decrease 431:442 the decrease of crystallinity 431:459 Tur particles were uniformly distributed in the CS film and the crystal structure of CS was not remarkably changed except the decrease of crystallinity. 28277010 9 36 theme mass 1146:1149 arg1 ratio 1151:1155 1/40 mass ratio 1141:1155 1/40 mass ratio 1141:1155 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 37 theme blood 1218:1222 arg1 vessels 1224:1230 newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1194:1230 newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1194:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 2 38 theme X-ray 290:294 arg1 diffraction 296:306 X-ray diffraction 290:306 X-ray diffraction 290:306 The characteristics of composite films were studied by optical microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. 28277010 9 39 theme burn 1067:1070 arg1 wounds 1072:1077 porcine full-thickness burn wounds 1044:1077 porcine full-thickness burn wounds 1044:1077 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 40 theme vessels 1224:1230 arg1 regeneration 1245:1256 fastest regeneration 1237:1256 fastest regeneration of dermis 1237:1266 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 40 theme vessels 1224:1230 arg1 number 1184:1189 a significantly higher number 1161:1189 a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1161:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 10 41 theme observed 1282:1289 arg1 facts 1291:1295 the observed facts 1278:1295 the observed facts 1278:1295 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 9 42 contain had 1157:1159 arg1 group 1130:1134 the Tur/CS group 1119:1134 the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio 1119:1155 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 42 contain had 1157:1159 arg2 regeneration 1245:1256 fastest regeneration 1237:1256 fastest regeneration of dermis 1237:1266 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 42 contain had 1157:1159 arg2 number 1184:1189 a significantly higher number 1161:1189 a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1161:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 5 43 theme L929 690:693 arg1 cells 695:699 L929 cells 690:699 L929 cells 690:699 Then L929 cells were co-cultured on the composite films to access the cytotoxicity in vitro. 28277010 2 44 theme films 227:231 arg1 characteristics 198:212 The characteristics 194:212 The characteristics of composite films 194:231 The characteristics of composite films were studied by optical microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. 28277010 4 45 from concentrations 549:562 arg1 film 588:591 the Tur/CS composite film 567:591 the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder 567:622 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 0 46 theme healing 77:83 arg1 applications 85:96 wound healing applications 71:96 wound healing applications 71:96 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 5 47 theme composite 725:733 arg1 films 735:739 the composite films 721:739 the composite films 721:739 Then L929 cells were co-cultured on the composite films to access the cytotoxicity in vitro. 28277010 2 48 theme composite 217:225 arg1 films 227:231 composite films 217:231 composite films 217:231 The characteristics of composite films were studied by optical microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. 28277010 9 49 theme Tur/CS 1123:1128 arg1 group 1130:1134 the Tur/CS group 1119:1134 the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio 1119:1155 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 3 50 theme CS 394:395 arg1 structure 381:389 the crystal structure 369:389 the crystal structure of CS 369:395 Tur particles were uniformly distributed in the CS film and the crystal structure of CS was not remarkably changed except the decrease of crystallinity. 28277010 9 51 theme 1/40 1141:1144 arg1 ratio 1151:1155 1/40 mass ratio 1141:1155 1/40 mass ratio 1141:1155 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 3 52 theme Tur 309:311 arg1 particles 313:321 Tur particles 309:321 Tur particles 309:321 Tur particles were uniformly distributed in the CS film and the crystal structure of CS was not remarkably changed except the decrease of crystallinity. 28277010 6 53 theme process 822:828 arg1 extension 830:838 cell process extension 817:838 cell process extension 817:838 Tur concentrations strongly influenced cell process extension. 28277010 6 54 theme cell 817:820 arg1 extension 830:838 cell process extension 817:838 cell process extension 817:838 Tur concentrations strongly influenced cell process extension. 28277010 10 55 theme potential 1335:1343 arg1 utilization 1345:1355 their potential utilization 1329:1355 their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications 1329:1413 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 10 56 theme tissue 1383:1388 arg1 applications 1402:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 4 57 with matrix 632:637 arg1 proportion 654:663 different proportion 644:663 different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10) 644:682 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 0 58 dep in 13:14 arg1 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 10 59 from utilization 1345:1355 arg1 applications 1402:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 skin tissue engineering applications 1378:1413 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 10 59 from utilization 1345:1355 arg1 healing 1366:1372 wound healing 1360:1372 wound healing 1360:1372 Based on the observed facts these films can be tailored for their potential utilization in wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications. 28277010 8 60 theme shorter 945:951 arg1 processes 953:961 Fewer and shorter processes 935:961 Fewer and shorter processes 935:961 Fewer and shorter processes were observed at high Tur density. 28277010 4 61 theme loading 605:611 arg1 powder 617:622 loading Tur powder 605:622 loading Tur powder 605:622 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 2 62 theme optical 249:255 arg1 microscope 257:266 optical microscope 249:266 optical microscope 249:266 The characteristics of composite films were studied by optical microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. 28277010 8 63 theme Fewer 935:939 arg1 processes 953:961 Fewer and shorter processes 935:961 Fewer and shorter processes 935:961 Fewer and shorter processes were observed at high Tur density. 28277010 9 64 theme composite 1007:1015 arg1 films 1017:1021 the composite films 1003:1021 the composite films 1003:1021 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 0 65 theme composite 52:60 arg1 film 62:65 the chitosan/Tur composite film 35:65 the chitosan/Tur composite film 35:65 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 9 66 theme dermis 1261:1266 arg1 regeneration 1245:1256 fastest regeneration 1237:1256 fastest regeneration of dermis 1237:1266 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 9 66 theme dermis 1261:1266 arg1 number 1184:1189 a significantly higher number 1161:1189 a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels 1161:1230 When the composite films were transplanted on porcine full-thickness burn wounds, histological results demonstrated that the Tur/CS group with 1/40 mass ratio had a significantly higher number of newly-formed and mature blood vessels, and fastest regeneration of dermis. 28277010 4 67 dep proportion 654:663 arg1 1/10 678:681 1/10 678:681 1/10 678:681 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 4 67 dep proportion 654:663 arg1 1/40 669:672 1/40 669:672 1/40 669:672 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 4 67 dep proportion 654:663 arg1 0 666:666 0 666:666 0 666:666 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 4 68 theme CS 629:630 arg1 matrix 632:637 CS matrix 629:637 CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10) 629:682 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 8 69 located observed 968:975 arg2 processes 953:961 Fewer and shorter processes 935:961 Fewer and shorter processes 935:961 Fewer and shorter processes were observed at high Tur density. 28277010 8 69 located observed 968:975 arg1 density 989:995 high Tur density 980:995 high Tur density 980:995 Fewer and shorter processes were observed at high Tur density. 28277010 0 70 theme chitosan/Tur 39:50 arg1 film 62:65 the chitosan/Tur composite film 35:65 the chitosan/Tur composite film 35:65 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 4 71 theme wound 486:490 arg1 healing 492:498 wound healing 486:498 wound healing applications 486:511 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28277010 0 72 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the chitosan/Tur composite film for wound healing applications. 28277010 7 73 with film 858:861 arg1 ratio 878:882 1/40 mass ratio 868:882 1/40 mass ratio 868:882 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio could promote the cell adhesion and proliferation. 28277010 7 74 theme 1/40 868:871 arg1 ratio 878:882 1/40 mass ratio 868:882 1/40 mass ratio 868:882 Tur/CS composite film with 1/40 mass ratio could promote the cell adhesion and proliferation. 28277010 4 75 theme Tur 613:615 arg1 powder 617:622 loading Tur powder 605:622 loading Tur powder 605:622 The influence of Tur on wound healing applications was characterized by modulating Tur concentrations in the Tur/CS composite film prepared by loading Tur powder into CS matrix with different proportion (0, 1/40 and 1/10). 28252360 2 0 theme milk 453:456 arg1 constituents 458:469 milk constituents 453:469 milk constituents 453:469 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 6 1 theme skim 1092:1095 arg1 milk 1097:1100 skim milk 1092:1100 skim milk 1092:1100 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 8 2 theme CaCl2 1592:1596 arg1 concentration 1598:1610 4 mm CaCl2 concentration 1587:1610 4 mm CaCl2 concentration 1587:1610 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 6 3 from mixture 1057:1063 arg1 production 1039:1048 Ricotta cheese production 1024:1048 Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition 1024:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 0 4 theme cheese 69:74 arg1 production 76:85 Ricotta cheese production 61:85 Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology 61:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 6 5 theme best 858:861 arg1 combinations 863:874 The three best combinations 848:874 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) 848:985 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 3 6 theme research 476:483 arg1 work 485:488 The research work 472:488 The research work 472:488 The research work was carried out in two phases. 28252360 0 7 theme Buffalo 92:98 arg1 whey 107:110 Buffalo cheese whey 92:110 Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology 92:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 8 8 theme high 1516:1519 arg1 content 1525:1531 high fat content 1516:1531 high fat content 1516:1531 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 8 9 theme total 1496:1500 arg1 solids 1502:1507 total solids 1496:1507 total solids 1496:1507 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 6 10 theme CaCl2 915:919 arg1 mm 923:924 CaCl2 6 mm) 915:925 CaCl2 6 mm) 915:925 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 10 theme CaCl2 915:919 arg1 pH 909:910 pH 7 909:912 pH 7 909:912 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 4 11 theme response 683:690 arg1 factor 692:697 response factor 683:697 response factor 683:697 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 28252360 6 12 from influence 1127:1135 arg1 composition 1175:1185 the cheese composition 1164:1185 the cheese composition 1164:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 13 theme cheese 1076:1081 arg1 mixture 1057:1063 a mixture 1055:1063 a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition 1055:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 14 dep °C 933:934 arg1 pH 937:938 pH 5 937:940 pH 5 937:940 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 14 dep °C 933:934 arg1 CaCl2 943:947 CaCl2 943:947 CaCl2 4 mm 943:952 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 1 15 theme Ricotta 274:280 arg1 cheese 282:287 Ricotta cheese 274:287 Ricotta cheese 274:287 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 6 16 theme Buffalo 1068:1074 arg1 cheese 1076:1081 Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) 1068:1108 Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) 1068:1108 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 17 theme mm 951:952 arg1 pH 937:938 pH 5 937:940 pH 5 937:940 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 17 theme mm 951:952 arg1 CaCl2 943:947 CaCl2 943:947 CaCl2 4 mm 943:952 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 1 18 theme milk 164:167 arg1 constituents 169:180 milk constituents 164:180 milk constituents 164:180 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 0 19 theme cheese 100:105 arg1 whey 107:110 Buffalo cheese whey 92:110 Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology 92:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 pH 1294:1295 pH 1294:1295 pH 1294:1295 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 acidity 1301:1307 acidity 1301:1307 acidity 1301:1307 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 moisture 1247:1254 moisture 1247:1254 moisture 1247:1254 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 lactose 1271:1277 lactose 1271:1277 lactose 1271:1277 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 fat 1257:1259 fat 1257:1259 fat 1257:1259 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 parameters 1320:1329 various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters 1222:1329 various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters 1222:1329 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 20 theme physicochemical 1230:1244 arg1 protein 1262:1268 protein 1262:1268 protein 1262:1268 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 8 21 theme fat 1521:1523 arg1 content 1525:1531 high fat content 1516:1531 high fat content 1516:1531 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 7 22 theme d 1352:1352 arg1 storage 1338:1344 storage 1338:1344 storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval 1338:1390 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 1 23 theme constituents 169:180 arg1 recovery 152:159 The recovery 148:159 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey 148:197 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 2 24 theme maximum 427:433 arg1 yield/recovery 435:448 maximum yield/recovery 427:448 maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents 427:469 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 6 25 theme conditions 1150:1159 arg1 influence 1127:1135 the influence 1123:1135 the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition 1123:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 26 theme cheese 1168:1173 arg1 composition 1175:1185 the cheese composition 1164:1185 the cheese composition 1164:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 2 27 theme investigation 319:331 arg1 objective 294:302 The objective 290:302 The objective of the present investigation 290:331 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 8 28 theme mm 1589:1590 arg1 concentration 1598:1610 4 mm CaCl2 concentration 1587:1610 4 mm CaCl2 concentration 1587:1610 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 4 29 theme central 631:637 arg1 CCD 657:659 central composite design (CCD) 631:660 central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor 631:697 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 28252360 8 30 theme 4 1587:1587 arg1 mm 1589:1590 mm 1589:1590 mm 1589:1590 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 1 31 theme cheese 282:287 arg1 production 260:269 production 260:269 production of Ricotta cheese 260:287 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 5 32 theme response 812:819 arg1 RSM 842:844 RSM 842:844 RSM 842:844 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 5 32 theme response 812:819 arg1 methodology 829:839 response surface methodology 812:839 response surface methodology (RSM) 812:845 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 2 33 theme present 311:317 arg1 investigation 319:331 the present investigation 307:331 the present investigation 307:331 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 1 34 theme cheese 187:192 arg1 whey 194:197 cheese whey 187:197 cheese whey 187:197 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 5 35 theme processing 766:775 arg1 conditions 777:786 processing conditions 766:786 processing conditions 766:786 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 6 36 theme 4 949:949 arg1 mm 951:952 mm 951:952 mm 951:952 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 0 37 theme Response 118:125 arg1 Methodology 135:145 Response Surface Methodology 118:145 Response Surface Methodology 118:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 8 38 dep °C 1423:1424 arg1 mm 1444:1445 6 mm 1442:1445 6 mm 1442:1445 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 6 39 theme CaCl2 975:979 arg1 mm 983:984 CaCl2 4 mm 975:984 CaCl2 4 mm 975:984 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 2 40 theme CaCl2 390:394 arg1 concentration 396:408 CaCl2 concentration 390:408 CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) 390:421 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 2 40 theme CaCl2 390:394 arg1 mm 419:420 2·0-6·0 mm 411:420 2·0-6·0 mm 411:420 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 0 41 theme pH 16:17 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 0:146 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 4 42 theme 1st 524:526 arg1 phase 528:532 1st phase 524:532 1st phase 524:532 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 28252360 8 43 theme cheese 1469:1474 arg1 yield 1476:1480 the highest cheese yield 1457:1480 the highest cheese yield 1457:1480 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 6 44 dep conditions 890:899 arg1 °C 905:906 90 °C 902:906 90 °C 902:906 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 9 45 from increase 1643:1650 arg1 acidity 1655:1661 acidity 1655:1661 acidity 1655:1661 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN was recorded for all cheese samples. 28252360 9 45 from increase 1643:1650 arg1 NPN 1667:1669 NPN 1667:1669 NPN 1667:1669 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN was recorded for all cheese samples. 28252360 7 46 theme Ricotta 1188:1194 arg1 cheeses 1196:1202 Ricotta cheeses 1188:1202 Ricotta cheeses 1188:1202 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 5 47 theme maximum 792:798 arg1 yield 800:804 maximum yield 792:804 maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM) 792:845 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 7 48 theme d 1381:1381 arg1 interval 1383:1390 every 15 d interval 1372:1390 every 15 d interval 1372:1390 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 pH 1294:1295 pH 1294:1295 pH 1294:1295 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 acidity 1301:1307 acidity 1301:1307 acidity 1301:1307 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 moisture 1247:1254 moisture 1247:1254 moisture 1247:1254 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 lactose 1271:1277 lactose 1271:1277 lactose 1271:1277 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 fat 1257:1259 fat 1257:1259 fat 1257:1259 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 parameters 1320:1329 various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters 1222:1329 various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters 1222:1329 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 49 theme various 1222:1228 arg1 protein 1262:1268 protein 1262:1268 protein 1262:1268 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 0 50 theme temperature 20:30 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 0:146 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 7 51 theme ± 1359:1359 arg1 °C 1363:1364 4 ± 2 °C 1357:1364 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval 1357:1390 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 0 52 theme Surface 127:133 arg1 Methodology 135:145 Response Surface Methodology 118:145 Response Surface Methodology 118:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 6 53 dep cheese 1076:1081 arg1 whey 1083:1086 whey 1083:1086 whey 1083:1086 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 53 dep cheese 1076:1081 arg1 milk 1097:1100 skim milk 1092:1100 skim milk 1092:1100 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 53 dep cheese 1076:1081 arg1 1 1107:1107 1 1107:1107 1 1107:1107 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 54 theme optimized 1140:1148 arg1 conditions 1150:1159 optimized conditions 1140:1159 optimized conditions 1140:1159 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 7 55 from °C 1363:1364 arg1 storage 1338:1344 storage 1338:1344 storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval 1338:1390 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 56 theme 15 1378:1379 arg1 d 1381:1381 d 1381:1381 d 1381:1381 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 6 57 theme cheese 1032:1037 arg1 production 1039:1048 Ricotta cheese production 1024:1048 Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition 1024:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 9 58 theme significant 1615:1625 arg1 increase 1643:1650 A significant storage-related increase 1613:1650 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN 1613:1669 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN was recorded for all cheese samples. 28252360 0 59 theme CaCl2 36:40 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 0:146 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 6 60 theme conditions 890:899 arg1 combinations 863:874 The three best combinations 848:874 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) 848:985 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 5 61 used used 749:752 arg2 results 704:710 The results 700:710 The results obtained from these experiments 700:742 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 0 62 from whey 107:110 arg1 production 76:85 Ricotta cheese production 61:85 Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology 61:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 6 63 theme Ricotta 1024:1030 arg1 production 1039:1048 Ricotta cheese production 1024:1048 Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition 1024:1185 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 1 64 from whey 194:197 arg1 recovery 152:159 The recovery 148:159 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey 148:197 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 9 65 theme cheese 1692:1697 arg1 samples 1699:1705 all cheese samples 1688:1705 all cheese samples 1688:1705 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN was recorded for all cheese samples. 28252360 6 66 theme processing 879:888 arg1 conditions 890:899 processing conditions 879:899 processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) 879:985 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 9 67 theme storage-related 1627:1641 arg1 increase 1643:1650 A significant storage-related increase 1613:1650 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN 1613:1669 A significant storage-related increase in acidity and NPN was recorded for all cheese samples. 28252360 6 68 dep °C 905:906 arg1 pH 909:910 pH 7 909:912 pH 7 909:912 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 68 dep °C 905:906 arg1 mm 983:984 CaCl2 4 mm 975:984 CaCl2 4 mm 975:984 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 68 dep °C 905:906 arg1 pH 967:968 pH 8·4 967:972 pH 8·4 967:972 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 68 dep °C 905:906 arg1 mm 923:924 CaCl2 6 mm) 915:925 CaCl2 6 mm) 915:925 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 68 dep °C 905:906 arg1 °C 963:964 75 °C 960:964 75 °C 960:964 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 7 69 theme total 1280:1284 arg1 solids 1286:1291 total solids 1280:1291 total solids 1280:1291 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 8 70 theme highest 1461:1467 arg1 yield 1476:1480 the highest cheese yield 1457:1480 the highest cheese yield 1457:1480 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 1 71 theme various 214:220 arg1 conditions 233:242 various processing conditions 214:242 various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese 214:287 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 pH 1294:1295 pH 1294:1295 pH 1294:1295 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 acidity 1301:1307 acidity 1301:1307 acidity 1301:1307 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 moisture 1247:1254 moisture 1247:1254 moisture 1247:1254 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 lactose 1271:1277 lactose 1271:1277 lactose 1271:1277 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 solids 1286:1291 total solids 1280:1291 total solids 1280:1291 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 fat 1257:1259 fat 1257:1259 fat 1257:1259 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 parameters 1320:1329 various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters 1222:1329 various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters 1222:1329 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 7 72 dep parameters 1320:1329 arg1 protein 1262:1268 protein 1262:1268 protein 1262:1268 Ricotta cheeses were analyzed for various physicochemical (moisture, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, pH and acidity indicated) parameters during storage of 60 d at 4 ± 2 °C after every 15 d interval. 28252360 0 73 dep pH 16:17 arg1 concentrations 42:55 concentrations 42:55 concentrations 42:55 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 8 74 theme Ricotta 1393:1399 arg1 cheese 1401:1406 Ricotta cheese 1393:1406 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm 1393:1445 Ricotta cheese prepared at 90 °C, pH 7 and CaCl2 6 mm exhibited the highest cheese yield, proteins and total solids, while high fat content was recorded for cheese processed at 100 °C, pH 5 and 4 mm CaCl2 concentration. 28252360 1 75 theme processing 222:231 arg1 conditions 233:242 various processing conditions 214:242 various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese 214:287 The recovery of milk constituents from cheese whey is affected by various processing conditions followed during production of Ricotta cheese. 28252360 0 76 theme Ricotta 61:67 arg1 production 76:85 Ricotta cheese production 61:85 Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology 61:145 Optimization of pH, temperature and CaCl2 concentrations for Ricotta cheese production from Buffalo cheese whey using Response Surface Methodology. 28252360 6 77 dep pH 909:910 arg1 °C 933:934 100 °C 929:934 100 °C 929:934 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 6 78 theme next 1009:1012 arg1 phase 1014:1018 the next phase 1005:1018 the next phase 1005:1018 The three best combinations of processing conditions (90 °C, pH 7, CaCl2 6 mm), (100 °C, pH 5, CaCl2 4 mm) and (75 °C, pH 8·4, CaCl2 4 mm) were exploited in the next phase for Ricotta cheese production from a mixture of Buffalo cheese whey and skim milk (9 : 1) to determine the influence of optimized conditions on the cheese composition. 28252360 4 79 theme design 649:654 arg1 CCD 657:659 central composite design (CCD) 631:660 central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor 631:697 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 28252360 5 80 theme surface 821:827 arg1 RSM 842:844 RSM 842:844 RSM 842:844 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 5 80 theme surface 821:827 arg1 methodology 829:839 response surface methodology 812:839 response surface methodology (RSM) 812:845 The results obtained from these experiments were used to optimize processing conditions for maximum yield using response surface methodology (RSM). 28252360 4 81 theme conditions 569:578 arg1 influence 539:547 the influence 535:547 the influence of these processing conditions 535:578 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 28252360 2 82 theme constituents 458:469 arg1 yield/recovery 435:448 maximum yield/recovery 427:448 maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents 427:469 The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the temperature (60-90 °C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2·0-6·0 mm) for maximum yield/recovery of milk constituents. 28252360 4 83 theme composite 639:647 arg1 CCD 657:659 central composite design (CCD) 631:660 central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor 631:697 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 28252360 4 84 theme processing 558:567 arg1 conditions 569:578 these processing conditions 552:578 these processing conditions 552:578 In 1st phase, the influence of these processing conditions was evaluated through 20 experiments formulated by central composite design (CCD) keeping the yield as response factor. 29104091 3 0 theme growth 644:649 arg1 SGR 657:659 SGR 657:659 SGR 657:659 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 0 theme growth 644:649 arg1 rate 651:654 specific growth rate 635:654 specific growth rate (SGR) 635:660 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 8 1 theme sturgeon 1358:1365 arg1 digesta 1367:1373 the sturgeon digesta 1354:1373 the sturgeon digesta 1354:1373 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 0 2 theme intestinal 63:72 arg1 morphology 74:83 intestinal morphology 63:83 intestinal morphology 63:83 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 6 3 theme intestinal 1098:1107 arg1 tract 1109:1113 intestinal tract 1098:1113 intestinal tract of sturgeon 1098:1125 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 10 4 from conclusion 1653:1662 arg1 capable 1711:1717 capable 1711:1717 capable 1711:1717 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 10 5 theme hybrid 1732:1737 arg1 performances 1755:1766 hybrid sturgeon growth performances 1732:1766 hybrid sturgeon growth performances 1732:1766 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 4 6 theme conversion 804:813 arg1 ratio 815:819 feed conversion ratio 799:819 feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05) 799:836 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 6 theme conversion 804:813 arg1 FCR 822:824 FCR 822:824 FCR 822:824 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 6 theme conversion 804:813 arg1 P > 0.05 828:835 P > 0.05 828:835 P > 0.05 828:835 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 growth 32:37 growth 32:37 growth 32:37 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 immunity 53:60 non-specific immunity 40:60 non-specific immunity 40:60 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 morphology 74:83 intestinal morphology 63:83 intestinal morphology 63:83 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 microbiome 89:98 microbiome 89:98 microbiome 89:98 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 4 8 theme negative 759:766 arg1 effect 768:773 no negative effect 756:773 no negative effect 756:773 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 9 contain had 752:754 arg1 Raffinose 734:742 Raffinose 734:742 Raffinose in diet 734:750 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 9 contain had 752:754 arg2 effect 768:773 no negative effect 756:773 no negative effect 756:773 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 3 10 theme control 709:715 arg1 diet 717:720 the control diet 705:720 the control diet (P < 0.05) 705:731 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 10 theme control 709:715 arg1 P < 0.05 723:730 P < 0.05 723:730 P < 0.05 723:730 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 4 11 theme feed 799:802 arg1 ratio 815:819 feed conversion ratio 799:819 feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05) 799:836 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 11 theme feed 799:802 arg1 FCR 822:824 FCR 822:824 FCR 822:824 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 11 theme feed 799:802 arg1 P > 0.05 828:835 P > 0.05 828:835 P > 0.05 828:835 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 1 12 theme juvenile 323:330 arg1 sturgeon 339:346 juvenile hybrid sturgeon 323:346 juvenile hybrid sturgeon 323:346 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 7 13 theme raffinose 1261:1269 arg1 treatment 1271:1279 raffinose treatment 1261:1279 raffinose treatment 1261:1279 Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. 29104091 9 14 mod modified 1601:1608 arg1 community 1587:1595 the overall microbial community 1565:1595 the overall microbial community 1565:1595 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 9 14 mod modified 1601:1608 arg3 raffinose 1639:1647 dietary raffinose 1631:1647 dietary raffinose 1631:1647 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 1 15 theme raffinose 235:243 arg1 efficacy 223:230 the efficacy 219:230 the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂) 219:399 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 16 theme juvenile 103:110 arg1 ♂ 177:177 ♂ 177:177 ♂ 177:177 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 16 theme juvenile 103:110 arg1 sturgeon 119:126 juvenile hybrid sturgeon 103:126 juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂) 103:178 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 17 theme hybrid 332:337 arg1 sturgeon 339:346 juvenile hybrid sturgeon 323:346 juvenile hybrid sturgeon 323:346 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 9 18 theme dietary 1530:1536 arg1 treatments 1538:1547 dietary treatments 1530:1547 dietary treatments 1530:1547 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 1 19 theme sturgeon 339:346 arg1 microbiota 309:318 microbiota 309:318 microbiota 309:318 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 19 theme sturgeon 339:346 arg1 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 19 theme sturgeon 339:346 arg1 morphology 294:303 intestinal morphology 283:303 intestinal morphology 283:303 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 8 20 attach derived 1341:1347 arg1 digesta 1367:1373 the sturgeon digesta 1354:1373 the sturgeon digesta 1354:1373 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 8 20 attach derived 1341:1347 arg2 reads 1335:1339 reads 1335:1339 reads 1335:1339 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 10 21 theme microbial 1820:1828 arg1 composition 1830:1840 the intestinal microbial composition 1805:1840 the intestinal microbial composition 1805:1840 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 9 22 theme dietary 1631:1637 arg1 raffinose 1639:1647 dietary raffinose 1631:1647 dietary raffinose 1631:1647 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 9 23 theme significant 1501:1511 arg1 difference 1513:1522 significant difference 1501:1522 significant difference among dietary treatments 1501:1547 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 5 24 theme supplemented 993:1004 arg1 diet 1006:1009 the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05) 979:1020 the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05) 979:1020 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 4 25 from Raffinose 734:742 arg1 diet 747:750 diet 747:750 diet 747:750 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 2 26 theme Hybrid 402:407 arg1 sturgeons 409:417 Hybrid sturgeons 402:417 Hybrid sturgeons 402:417 Hybrid sturgeons were divided into 2 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without raffinose for 56 days. 29104091 3 27 theme weight 667:672 arg1 gain 674:677 weight gain 667:677 weight gain 667:677 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 10 28 theme growth 1748:1753 arg1 performances 1755:1766 hybrid sturgeon growth performances 1732:1766 hybrid sturgeon growth performances 1732:1766 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 9 29 theme large 1615:1619 arg1 extent 1621:1626 a large extent 1613:1626 a large extent 1613:1626 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 6 30 theme raffinose 1145:1153 arg1 diet 1168:1171 the raffinose supplemented diet 1141:1171 the raffinose supplemented diet 1141:1171 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 3 31 dep fed 548:550 arg1 had 585:587 had 585:587 fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05) 548:731 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 0 32 theme raffinose 19:27 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 0:179 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 3 33 theme gain 674:677 arg1 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 33 theme gain 674:677 arg1 ratio 679:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio 589:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) 589:689 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 0 34 theme sturgeon 119:126 arg1 growth 32:37 growth 32:37 growth 32:37 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 34 theme sturgeon 119:126 arg1 immunity 53:60 non-specific immunity 40:60 non-specific immunity 40:60 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 34 theme sturgeon 119:126 arg1 morphology 74:83 intestinal morphology 63:83 intestinal morphology 63:83 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 34 theme sturgeon 119:126 arg1 microbiome 89:98 microbiome 89:98 microbiome 89:98 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 7 35 theme residual 1189:1196 arg1 Meanwhile 1174:1182 Meanwhile 1174:1182 Meanwhile 1174:1182 Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. 29104091 7 35 theme residual 1189:1196 arg1 bait 1198:1201 the residual bait 1185:1201 the residual bait of intestinal tract 1185:1221 Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. 29104091 7 36 theme intestinal 1206:1215 arg1 tract 1217:1221 intestinal tract 1206:1221 intestinal tract 1206:1221 Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. 29104091 8 37 theme reads 1335:1339 arg1 majority 1323:1330 majority 1323:1330 majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta 1323:1373 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 0 38 theme dietary 11:17 arg1 raffinose 19:27 dietary raffinose 11:27 dietary raffinose 11:27 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 39 theme hybrid 112:117 arg1 ♂ 177:177 ♂ 177:177 ♂ 177:177 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 0 39 theme hybrid 112:117 arg1 sturgeon 119:126 juvenile hybrid sturgeon 103:126 juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂) 103:178 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 3 40 theme higher 603:608 arg1 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 40 theme higher 603:608 arg1 ratio 679:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio 589:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) 589:689 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 7 41 theme tract 1217:1221 arg1 Meanwhile 1174:1182 Meanwhile 1174:1182 Meanwhile 1174:1182 Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. 29104091 7 41 theme tract 1217:1221 arg1 bait 1198:1201 the residual bait 1185:1201 the residual bait of intestinal tract 1185:1221 Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. 29104091 6 42 located observed 1086:1093 arg2 The 1023:1025 The 1023:1025 The 1023:1025 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 6 42 located observed 1086:1093 arg2 mucosal 1067:1073 mucosal 1067:1073 mucosal 1067:1073 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 6 42 located observed 1086:1093 arg1 tract 1109:1113 intestinal tract 1098:1113 intestinal tract of sturgeon 1098:1125 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 9 43 theme microbial 1577:1585 arg1 community 1587:1595 the overall microbial community 1565:1595 the overall microbial community 1565:1595 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 3 44 theme final 610:614 arg1 weight 621:626 final body weight 610:626 final body weight (FBW) 610:632 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 44 theme final 610:614 arg1 FBW 629:631 FBW 629:631 FBW 629:631 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 1 45 theme non-specific 260:271 arg1 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 45 theme non-specific 260:271 arg1 immunity 273:280 non-specific immunity 260:280 non-specific immunity 260:280 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 46 from efficacy 223:230 arg1 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 46 from efficacy 223:230 arg1 immunity 273:280 non-specific immunity 260:280 non-specific immunity 260:280 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 46 from efficacy 223:230 arg1 morphology 294:303 intestinal morphology 283:303 intestinal morphology 283:303 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 46 from efficacy 223:230 arg1 microbiota 309:318 microbiota 309:318 microbiota 309:318 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 46 from efficacy 223:230 arg1 ♂ 398:398 ♂ 398:398 ♂ 398:398 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 5 47 theme respiratory 901:911 arg1 burst 913:917 respiratory burst 901:917 respiratory burst 901:917 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 5 48 theme control 857:863 arg1 diet 865:868 the control diet 853:868 the control diet 853:868 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 5 49 theme raffinose 983:991 arg1 diet 1006:1009 the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05) 979:1020 the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05) 979:1020 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 0 50 theme non-specific 40:51 arg1 immunity 53:60 non-specific immunity 40:60 non-specific immunity 40:60 Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 8 51 theme Proteobacteria 1406:1419 arg1 members 1395:1401 members 1395:1401 members of Proteobacteria 1395:1419 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 8 51 theme Proteobacteria 1406:1419 arg1 Actinobacteria 1451:1464 Actinobacteria 1451:1464 Actinobacteria 1451:1464 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 8 51 theme Proteobacteria 1406:1419 arg1 Fusobacteria 1434:1445 Fusobacteria 1434:1445 Fusobacteria 1434:1445 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 5 52 theme burst 913:917 arg1 activitives 925:935 the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives 871:935 the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives 871:935 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 5 52 theme burst 913:917 arg1 higher 956:961 higher 956:961 higher 956:961 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 6 53 theme intestinal 1041:1050 arg1 villi 1052:1056 intestinal villi 1041:1056 intestinal villi 1041:1056 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 3 54 theme rate 651:654 arg1 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 54 theme rate 651:654 arg1 ratio 679:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio 589:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) 589:689 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 10 55 theme intestinal 1772:1781 arg1 morphology 1783:1792 intestinal morphology 1772:1792 intestinal morphology 1772:1792 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 6 56 theme supplemented 1155:1166 arg1 diet 1168:1171 the raffinose supplemented diet 1141:1171 the raffinose supplemented diet 1141:1171 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 3 57 theme Hybrid 532:537 arg1 sturgeon 539:546 Hybrid sturgeon 532:546 Hybrid sturgeon 532:546 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 8 58 theme High-throughput 1282:1296 arg1 sequencing 1298:1307 High-throughput sequencing 1282:1307 High-throughput sequencing 1282:1307 High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. 29104091 1 59 theme intestinal 283:292 arg1 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 1 59 theme intestinal 283:292 arg1 morphology 294:303 intestinal morphology 283:303 intestinal morphology 283:303 This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). 29104091 6 60 theme sturgeon 1118:1125 arg1 tract 1109:1113 intestinal tract 1098:1113 intestinal tract of sturgeon 1098:1125 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 5 61 theme myeloperoxidase 875:889 arg1 activitives 925:935 the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives 871:935 the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives 871:935 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 5 61 theme myeloperoxidase 875:889 arg1 higher 956:961 higher 956:961 higher 956:961 Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 4 62 theme feed 778:781 arg1 FI 791:792 FI 791:792 FI 791:792 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 4 62 theme feed 778:781 arg1 intake 783:788 feed intake 778:788 feed intake (FI) 778:793 Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). 29104091 3 63 theme body 616:619 arg1 weight 621:626 final body weight 610:626 final body weight (FBW) 610:632 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 63 theme body 616:619 arg1 FBW 629:631 FBW 629:631 FBW 629:631 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 6 64 dep The 1023:1025 arg1 area 1058:1061 area 1058:1061 The increasing of intestinal villi area 1023:1061 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 10 65 with supplementation 1665:1679 arg1 raffinose 1698:1706 raffinose 1698:1706 raffinose 1698:1706 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 6 66 dep mucosal 1067:1073 arg1 folds 1075:1079 folds 1075:1079 folds 1075:1079 The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. 29104091 3 67 theme weight 621:626 arg1 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 WGR 686:688 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 67 theme weight 621:626 arg1 ratio 679:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio 589:683 significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) 589:689 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 9 68 theme diversity 1477:1485 arg1 index 1487:1491 Shannon's diversity index 1467:1491 Shannon's diversity index 1467:1491 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 29104091 10 69 theme intestinal 1809:1818 arg1 composition 1830:1840 the intestinal microbial composition 1805:1840 the intestinal microbial composition 1805:1840 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 10 70 theme sturgeon 1739:1746 arg1 performances 1755:1766 hybrid sturgeon growth performances 1732:1766 hybrid sturgeon growth performances 1732:1766 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 10 71 from capable 1711:1717 arg1 conclusion 1653:1662 conclusion 1653:1662 conclusion 1653:1662 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 3 72 theme specific 635:642 arg1 SGR 657:659 SGR 657:659 SGR 657:659 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 3 72 theme specific 635:642 arg1 rate 651:654 specific growth rate 635:654 specific growth rate (SGR) 635:660 Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). 29104091 10 73 theme diet 1688:1691 arg1 supplementation 1665:1679 supplementation 1665:1679 supplementation of the diet with raffinose 1665:1706 In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition. 29104091 9 74 theme overall 1569:1575 arg1 community 1587:1595 the overall microbial community 1565:1595 the overall microbial community 1565:1595 Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. 27611601 8 0 theme High 1739:1742 arg1 ligands 1753:1759 High affinity ligands 1739:1759 High affinity ligands 1739:1759 High affinity ligands were able to reverse a reduction in endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling. 27611601 8 1 theme endothelial 1797:1807 arg1 migration 1814:1822 endothelial cell migration 1797:1822 endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling 1797:1855 High affinity ligands were able to reverse a reduction in endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling. 27611601 1 2 theme compounds 459:467 arg1 synthesis 570:578 chemical synthesis 561:578 chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 561:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 2 theme compounds 459:467 arg1 purification 327:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 2 theme compounds 459:467 arg1 enrichment 350:359 affinity enrichment 341:359 affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest 341:411 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 2 theme compounds 459:467 arg1 determination 433:445 putative structure determination 414:445 putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 414:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 3 theme partial 256:262 arg1 degradation 274:284 partial enzymatic degradation 256:284 partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 256:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 7 4 from C-6 1643:1645 arg1 esters 1633:1638 sulfate esters 1625:1638 sulfate esters at C-6 1625:1645 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 2 5 theme ligand 703:708 arg1 requirements 710:721 the ligand requirements 699:721 the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes 699:818 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 2 6 theme processes 810:818 arg1 number 786:791 a number 784:791 a number of developmental processes 784:818 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 6 7 theme modular 1380:1386 arg1 approach 1398:1405 A modular synthetic approach 1378:1405 A modular synthetic approach 1378:1405 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 3 8 contain has 938:940 arg1 Robo1 932:936 Robo1 932:936 Robo1 932:936 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 3 8 contain has 938:940 arg2 preference 944:953 a preference 942:953 a preference for a specific set of structures 942:986 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 1 9 theme interaction 486:496 arg1 spectrometry 534:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry 472:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 472:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 4 10 theme Further 989:995 arg1 analysis 997:1004 Further analysis 989:1004 Further analysis 989:1004 Further analysis was performed by sequential permethylation, desulfation, and pertrideuteroacetylation followed by online separation and structural analysis by MS/MS. 27611601 6 11 theme binding 1456:1462 arg1 studies 1464:1470 binding studies 1456:1470 binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 1456:1505 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 1 12 theme HS-binding 382:391 arg1 protein 393:399 an immobilized HS-binding protein 367:399 an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest 367:411 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 4 13 dep performed 1010:1018 arg1 followed 1092:1099 followed 1092:1099 followed by online separation and structural analysis by MS/MS 1092:1153 Further analysis was performed by sequential permethylation, desulfation, and pertrideuteroacetylation followed by online separation and structural analysis by MS/MS. 27611601 3 14 dep octasaccharide 865:878 arg1 mixture 880:886 mixture 880:886 mixture 880:886 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 3 15 theme spectrometric 826:838 arg1 analysis 840:847 Mass spectrometric analysis 821:847 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction 821:915 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 3 16 theme Mass 821:824 arg1 analysis 840:847 Mass spectrometric analysis 821:847 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction 821:915 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 6 17 theme target 1435:1440 arg1 compound 1442:1449 the target compound 1431:1449 the target compound 1431:1449 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 7 18 dep critical 1651:1658 arg1 whereas 1673:1679 whereas 1673:1679 whereas 1673:1679 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 3 19 theme octasaccharide 865:878 arg1 analysis 840:847 Mass spectrometric analysis 821:847 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction 821:915 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 1 20 theme structure 423:431 arg1 determination 433:445 putative structure determination 414:445 putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 414:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 21 theme exclusion 317:325 arg1 purification 327:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 22 theme heparan 154:160 arg1 HS 171:172 HS 171:172 HS 171:172 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 22 theme heparan 154:160 arg1 sulfate 162:168 heparan sulfate 154:168 heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 154:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 7 23 theme such 1681:1684 arg1 functionalities 1686:1700 such functionalities 1681:1700 such functionalities at C-2 1681:1707 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 3 24 theme Robo1-bound 896:906 arg1 fraction 908:915 the Robo1-bound fraction 892:915 the Robo1-bound fraction 892:915 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 2 25 theme human 726:730 arg1 receptor 743:750 human Roundabout receptor 1 726:752 human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1) 726:760 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 2 25 theme human 726:730 arg1 Robo1 755:759 Robo1 755:759 Robo1 755:759 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 6 26 theme plasmon 1483:1489 arg1 SPR 1502:1504 SPR 1502:1504 SPR 1502:1504 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 6 26 theme plasmon 1483:1489 arg1 resonance 1491:1499 surface plasmon resonance 1475:1499 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 1475:1505 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 1 27 theme HS 596:597 arg1 oligosaccharides 599:614 well-defined HS oligosaccharides 583:614 well-defined HS oligosaccharides 583:614 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 3 28 theme specific 961:968 arg1 structures 977:986 structures 977:986 structures 977:986 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 3 28 theme specific 961:968 arg1 set 970:972 a specific set 959:972 a specific set of structures 959:986 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 1 29 theme natural 289:295 arg1 HS 297:298 natural HS 289:298 natural HS 289:298 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 0 30 theme Integrated 0:9 arg1 Approach 11:18 Integrated Approach 0:18 Integrated Approach 0:18 Integrated Approach to Identify Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1. 27611601 1 31 theme enzymatic 264:272 arg1 degradation 274:284 partial enzymatic degradation 256:284 partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 256:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 2 32 theme receptor 743:750 arg1 requirements 710:721 the ligand requirements 699:721 the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes 699:818 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 8 33 from reduction 1784:1792 arg1 migration 1814:1822 endothelial cell migration 1797:1822 endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling 1797:1855 High affinity ligands were able to reverse a reduction in endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling. 27611601 1 34 theme relationship 639:650 arg1 studies 652:658 structure-activity relationship studies 620:658 structure-activity relationship studies 620:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 6 35 theme high 1528:1531 arg1 ligand 1542:1547 a high affinity ligand 1526:1547 a high affinity ligand for Robo1 1526:1557 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 0 36 theme Heparan 32:38 arg1 Requirements 55:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements 32:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1 32:75 Integrated Approach to Identify Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1. 27611601 1 37 theme HS 297:298 arg1 degradation 274:284 partial enzymatic degradation 256:284 partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 256:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 4 38 theme online 1104:1109 arg1 separation 1111:1120 online separation 1104:1120 online separation 1104:1120 Further analysis was performed by sequential permethylation, desulfation, and pertrideuteroacetylation followed by online separation and structural analysis by MS/MS. 27611601 1 39 theme spectrometry 534:545 arg1 platform 547:554 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 472:554 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 472:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 0 40 theme Ligand 48:53 arg1 Requirements 55:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements 32:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1 32:75 Integrated Approach to Identify Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1. 27611601 7 41 theme tetrasaccharides 1593:1608 arg1 number 1583:1588 a number 1581:1588 a number of tetrasaccharides 1581:1608 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 1 42 theme chemical 561:568 arg1 synthesis 570:578 chemical synthesis 561:578 chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 561:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 7 43 with studies 1568:1574 arg1 number 1583:1588 a number 1581:1588 a number of tetrasaccharides 1581:1608 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 1 44 theme HS 221:222 arg1 octasaccharides 224:238 HS octasaccharides 221:238 HS octasaccharides 221:238 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 5 45 theme octasaccharide 1283:1296 arg1 ligand 1298:1303 a putative octasaccharide ligand 1272:1303 a putative octasaccharide ligand 1272:1303 Sequences of tetrasaccharides could be deduced from the data, and by combining the compositional and sequence data, a putative octasaccharide ligand could be proposed (GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S). 27611601 1 46 theme isolated 450:457 arg1 compounds 459:467 isolated compounds 450:467 isolated compounds 450:467 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 7 47 theme Further 1560:1566 arg1 studies 1568:1574 Further studies 1560:1574 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides 1560:1608 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 8 48 theme affinity 1744:1751 arg1 ligands 1753:1759 High affinity ligands 1739:1759 High affinity ligands 1739:1759 High affinity ligands were able to reverse a reduction in endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling. 27611601 6 49 theme synthetic 1388:1396 arg1 approach 1398:1405 A modular synthetic approach 1378:1405 A modular synthetic approach 1378:1405 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 8 50 theme cell 1809:1812 arg1 migration 1814:1822 endothelial cell migration 1797:1822 endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling 1797:1855 High affinity ligands were able to reverse a reduction in endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling. 27611601 2 51 theme developmental 796:808 arg1 processes 810:818 developmental processes 796:818 developmental processes 796:818 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 1 52 theme hydrophilic 474:484 arg1 spectrometry 534:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry 472:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 472:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 53 theme binding 175:181 arg1 proteins 183:190 heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins 154:190 heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 154:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 54 theme chromatography-high-resolution 498:527 arg1 spectrometry 534:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry 472:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 472:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 8 55 theme Slit2-Robo1 1835:1845 arg1 signaling 1847:1855 Slit2-Robo1 signaling 1835:1855 Slit2-Robo1 signaling 1835:1855 High affinity ligands were able to reverse a reduction in endothelial cell migration induced by Slit2-Robo1 signaling. 27611601 5 56 theme tetrasaccharides 1169:1184 arg1 Sequences 1156:1164 Sequences 1156:1164 Sequences of tetrasaccharides 1156:1184 Sequences of tetrasaccharides could be deduced from the data, and by combining the compositional and sequence data, a putative octasaccharide ligand could be proposed (GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S). 27611601 5 57 dep proposed 1314:1321 arg1 GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S 1324:1374 GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S 1324:1374 GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S 1324:1374 Sequences of tetrasaccharides could be deduced from the data, and by combining the compositional and sequence data, a putative octasaccharide ligand could be proposed (GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S). 27611601 1 58 theme size 312:315 arg1 purification 327:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 59 theme interest 404:411 arg1 protein 393:399 an immobilized HS-binding protein 367:399 an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest 367:411 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 2 60 used used 681:684 arg2 methodology 665:675 The methodology 661:675 The methodology 661:675 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 1 61 theme putative 414:421 arg1 determination 433:445 putative structure determination 414:445 putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 414:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 62 theme ligand 130:135 arg1 requirements 137:148 ligand requirements 130:148 ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 130:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 0 63 theme Robo1 71:75 arg1 Requirements 55:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements 32:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1 32:75 Integrated Approach to Identify Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1. 27611601 3 64 theme starting 856:863 arg1 octasaccharide 865:878 the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction 852:915 octasaccharide 865:878 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 7 65 from C-2 1705:1707 arg1 functionalities 1686:1700 such functionalities 1681:1700 such functionalities at C-2 1681:1707 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27611601 1 66 theme sulfate 162:168 arg1 proteins 183:190 heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins 154:190 heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 154:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 2 67 theme Roundabout 732:741 arg1 receptor 743:750 human Roundabout receptor 1 726:752 human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1) 726:760 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 2 67 theme Roundabout 732:741 arg1 Robo1 755:759 Robo1 755:759 Robo1 755:759 The methodology was used to establish the ligand requirements of human Roundabout receptor 1 (Robo1), which is involved in a number of developmental processes. 27611601 3 68 theme fraction 908:915 arg1 analysis 840:847 Mass spectrometric analysis 821:847 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction 821:915 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 1 69 theme affinity 341:348 arg1 enrichment 350:359 affinity enrichment 341:359 affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest 341:411 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 70 theme well-defined 583:594 arg1 oligosaccharides 599:614 well-defined HS oligosaccharides 583:614 well-defined HS oligosaccharides 583:614 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 6 71 theme surface 1475:1481 arg1 SPR 1502:1504 SPR 1502:1504 SPR 1502:1504 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 6 71 theme surface 1475:1481 arg1 resonance 1491:1499 surface plasmon resonance 1475:1499 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 1475:1505 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 3 72 theme structures 977:986 arg1 structures 977:986 structures 977:986 structures 977:986 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 3 72 theme structures 977:986 arg1 set 970:972 a specific set 959:972 a specific set of structures 959:986 Mass spectrometric analysis of the starting octasaccharide mixture and the Robo1-bound fraction indicated that Robo1 has a preference for a specific set of structures. 27611601 4 73 theme sequential 1023:1032 arg1 permethylation 1034:1047 sequential permethylation 1023:1047 sequential permethylation 1023:1047 Further analysis was performed by sequential permethylation, desulfation, and pertrideuteroacetylation followed by online separation and structural analysis by MS/MS. 27611601 1 74 theme oligosaccharides 599:614 arg1 synthesis 570:578 chemical synthesis 561:578 chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies 561:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 74 theme oligosaccharides 599:614 arg1 purification 327:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 size exclusion purification 312:338 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 74 theme oligosaccharides 599:614 arg1 enrichment 350:359 affinity enrichment 341:359 affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest 341:411 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 74 theme oligosaccharides 599:614 arg1 determination 433:445 putative structure determination 414:445 putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 414:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 75 theme immobilized 370:380 arg1 protein 393:399 an immobilized HS-binding protein 367:399 an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest 367:411 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 76 theme integrated 81:90 arg1 methodology 92:102 An integrated methodology 78:102 An integrated methodology 78:102 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 1 77 theme structure-activity 620:637 arg1 studies 652:658 structure-activity relationship studies 620:658 structure-activity relationship studies 620:658 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 6 78 theme affinity 1533:1540 arg1 ligand 1542:1547 a high affinity ligand 1526:1547 a high affinity ligand for Robo1 1526:1557 A modular synthetic approach was employed to prepare the target compound, and binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed it to be a high affinity ligand for Robo1. 27611601 4 79 theme structural 1126:1135 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 structural analysis 1126:1144 structural analysis 1126:1144 Further analysis was performed by sequential permethylation, desulfation, and pertrideuteroacetylation followed by online separation and structural analysis by MS/MS. 27611601 0 80 theme Sulfate 40:46 arg1 Requirements 55:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements 32:66 Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1 32:75 Integrated Approach to Identify Heparan Sulfate Ligand Requirements of Robo1. 27611601 5 81 theme putative 1274:1281 arg1 ligand 1298:1303 a putative octasaccharide ligand 1272:1303 a putative octasaccharide ligand 1272:1303 Sequences of tetrasaccharides could be deduced from the data, and by combining the compositional and sequence data, a putative octasaccharide ligand could be proposed (GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S). 27611601 1 82 theme mass 529:532 arg1 spectrometry 534:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry 472:545 a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform 472:554 An integrated methodology is described to establish ligand requirements for heparan sulfate (HS) binding proteins based on a workflow in which HS octasaccharides are produced by partial enzymatic degradation of natural HS followed by size exclusion purification, affinity enrichment using an immobilized HS-binding protein of interest, putative structure determination of isolated compounds by a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform, and chemical synthesis of well-defined HS oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. 27611601 5 83 theme compositional 1239:1251 arg1 data 1266:1269 the compositional and sequence data 1235:1269 data 1266:1269 Sequences of tetrasaccharides could be deduced from the data, and by combining the compositional and sequence data, a putative octasaccharide ligand could be proposed (GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S). 27611601 5 84 theme sequence 1257:1264 arg1 data 1266:1269 the compositional and sequence data 1235:1269 data 1266:1269 Sequences of tetrasaccharides could be deduced from the data, and by combining the compositional and sequence data, a putative octasaccharide ligand could be proposed (GlA-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNS-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S). 27611601 7 85 theme sulfate 1625:1631 arg1 esters 1633:1638 sulfate esters 1625:1638 sulfate esters at C-6 1625:1645 Further studies with a number of tetrasaccharides confirmed that sulfate esters at C-6 are critical for binding, whereas such functionalities at C-2 substantially reduce binding. 27516308 3 0 theme oligosaccharides 639:654 arg1 contribution 619:630 the mass contribution 610:630 the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore 610:705 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 1 theme HS 765:766 arg1 proportion 738:747 a considerable proportion 723:747 a considerable proportion of the digested HS 723:766 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 1 theme HS 765:766 arg1 % 777:777 up to 43% 769:777 up to 43% 769:777 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 1 theme HS 765:766 arg1 present 784:790 present 784:790 present 784:790 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 2 with present 784:790 arg1 DP 797:798 DP >2 797:801 DP >2 797:801 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 1 3 theme heparin 170:176 arg1 lyases 178:183 heparin lyases 170:183 heparin lyases 170:183 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 2 4 theme polymerisation 506:519 arg1 =2 525:526 polymerisation (DP)=2 506:526 polymerisation (DP)=2 506:526 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 6 5 theme important 1092:1100 arg1 biopolymer 1102:1111 this important biopolymer 1087:1111 this important biopolymer 1087:1111 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 4 6 theme mass 828:831 arg1 analysis 841:848 a mass balance analysis 826:848 a mass balance analysis 826:848 This was supported by a mass balance analysis. 27516308 3 7 dep 43 775:776 arg1 to 772:773 to 772:773 to 772:773 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 5 8 theme accepted 880:887 arg1 literature 889:898 the accepted literature 876:898 the accepted literature where "complete digestion" is routinely reported 876:947 These results contradict the accepted literature where "complete digestion" is routinely reported. 27516308 3 9 theme digested 756:763 arg1 HS 765:766 the digested HS 752:766 the digested HS 752:766 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 10 theme molar 672:676 arg1 response 678:685 the molar response 668:685 the molar response of a UV chromophore 668:705 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 2 11 theme bond 286:289 arg1 scission 291:298 enzymic bond scission 278:298 enzymic bond scission 278:298 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 1 12 theme lyases 178:183 arg1 analysis 189:196 analysis 189:196 analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 189:235 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 1 12 theme lyases 178:183 arg1 action 160:165 the action 156:165 the action of heparin lyases 156:183 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 2 13 dep sulfate 259:265 arg1 quantified 333:342 quantified 333:342 quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) 333:411 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 2 13 dep sulfate 259:265 arg1 treated 267:273 treated 267:273 treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond 267:327 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 2 14 theme enzymic 278:284 arg1 scission 291:298 enzymic bond scission 278:298 enzymic bond scission 278:298 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 2 15 theme biopolymer 448:457 arg1 majority 432:439 the majority 428:439 the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) 428:464 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 6 16 theme disaccharide 1059:1070 arg1 composition 1072:1082 disaccharide composition 1059:1082 disaccharide composition 1059:1082 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 2 17 theme spectroscopic 381:393 arg1 230nm 406:410 230nm 406:410 230nm 406:410 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 2 17 theme spectroscopic 381:393 arg1 detection 395:403 ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection 356:403 ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) 356:411 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 3 18 theme UV 692:693 arg1 chromophore 695:705 a UV chromophore 690:705 a UV chromophore 690:705 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 2 19 theme =2 525:526 arg1 degree 496:501 degree 496:501 degree of polymerisation (DP)=2 496:526 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 2 20 theme Δ4,5 312:315 arg1 double-bond 317:327 a Δ4,5 double-bond 310:327 a Δ4,5 double-bond 310:327 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 1 21 theme size-exclusion 201:214 arg1 chromatography 216:229 size-exclusion chromatography 201:229 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 201:235 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 1 21 theme size-exclusion 201:214 arg1 SEC 232:234 SEC 232:234 SEC 232:234 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 0 22 theme sulfate 34:40 arg1 depolymerisation 42:57 heparan sulfate depolymerisation 26:57 heparan sulfate depolymerisation 26:57 Determining the extent of heparan sulfate depolymerisation following heparin lyase treatment. 27516308 6 23 dep composition 974:984 arg1 the 970:972 the 970:972 the 970:972 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 2 24 theme DP 522:523 arg1 =2 525:526 polymerisation (DP)=2 506:526 polymerisation (DP)=2 506:526 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 5 25 theme complete 907:914 arg1 " 925:925 "complete digestion" 906:925 "complete digestion" 906:925 These results contradict the accepted literature where "complete digestion" is routinely reported. 27516308 0 26 theme heparan 26:32 arg1 depolymerisation 42:57 heparan sulfate depolymerisation 26:57 heparan sulfate depolymerisation 26:57 Determining the extent of heparan sulfate depolymerisation following heparin lyase treatment. 27516308 3 27 theme SEC 555:557 arg1 eluant 559:564 the SEC eluant 551:564 the SEC eluant 551:564 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 5 28 dep literature 889:898 arg1 reported 940:947 reported 940:947 is routinely reported 927:947 These results contradict the accepted literature where "complete digestion" is routinely reported. 27516308 4 29 theme balance 833:839 arg1 analysis 841:848 a mass balance analysis 826:848 a mass balance analysis 826:848 This was supported by a mass balance analysis. 27516308 2 30 with SEC 347:349 arg1 230nm 406:410 230nm 406:410 230nm 406:410 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 2 30 with SEC 347:349 arg1 detection 395:403 ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection 356:403 ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) 356:411 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 1 31 theme mucosal 126:132 arg1 sulfate 142:148 porcine mucosal heparan sulfate 118:148 porcine mucosal heparan sulfate 118:148 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 0 32 theme depolymerisation 42:57 arg1 extent 16:21 the extent 12:21 the extent of heparan sulfate depolymerisation 12:57 Determining the extent of heparan sulfate depolymerisation following heparin lyase treatment. 27516308 3 33 theme chromophore 695:705 arg1 response 678:685 the molar response 668:685 the molar response of a UV chromophore 668:705 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 1 34 theme heparan 134:140 arg1 sulfate 142:148 porcine mucosal heparan sulfate 118:148 porcine mucosal heparan sulfate 118:148 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 6 35 theme biopolymer 1102:1111 arg1 depolymerization 1038:1053 depolymerization 1038:1053 depolymerization 1038:1053 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 6 35 theme biopolymer 1102:1111 arg1 composition 1072:1082 disaccharide composition 1059:1082 disaccharide composition 1059:1082 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 2 36 dep disaccharides 481:493 arg1 degree 496:501 degree 496:501 degree of polymerisation (DP)=2 496:526 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 3 37 theme mass 614:617 arg1 contribution 619:630 the mass contribution 610:630 the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore 610:705 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 38 theme refractive 572:581 arg1 RI 590:591 RI 590:591 RI 590:591 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 38 theme refractive 572:581 arg1 index 583:587 refractive index 572:587 refractive index (RI) 572:592 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 5 39 theme digestion 916:924 arg1 " 925:925 "complete digestion" 906:925 "complete digestion" 906:925 These results contradict the accepted literature where "complete digestion" is routinely reported. 27516308 1 40 theme sulfate 142:148 arg1 depolymerisation 98:113 The depolymerisation 94:113 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 94:235 The depolymerisation of porcine mucosal heparan sulfate under the action of heparin lyases and analysis by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is described. 27516308 6 41 theme depolymerization 1038:1053 arg1 extent 1028:1033 the extent 1024:1033 the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer 1024:1111 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 6 42 theme composition 1072:1082 arg1 extent 1028:1033 the extent 1024:1033 the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer 1024:1111 Herein we report on the composition and methodology utilised to ascertain the extent of depolymerization and disaccharide composition of this important biopolymer. 27516308 0 43 theme lyase 77:81 arg1 treatment 83:91 heparin lyase treatment 69:91 heparin lyase treatment 69:91 Determining the extent of heparan sulfate depolymerisation following heparin lyase treatment. 27516308 3 44 theme eluant 559:564 arg1 analysis 539:546 analysis 539:546 analysis 539:546 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 0 45 theme heparin 69:75 arg1 treatment 83:91 heparin lyase treatment 69:91 heparin lyase treatment 69:91 Determining the extent of heparan sulfate depolymerisation following heparin lyase treatment. 27516308 2 46 theme Heparan 251:257 arg1 sulfate 259:265 Heparan sulfate 251:265 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) 251:411 Heparan sulfate treated to enzymic bond scission producing a Δ4,5 double-bond and quantified by SEC with ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopic detection (230nm) indicated that the majority of the biopolymer (>85%) was reduced to disaccharides (degree of polymerisation (DP)=2). 27516308 3 47 theme considerable 725:736 arg1 proportion 738:747 a considerable proportion 723:747 a considerable proportion of the digested HS 723:766 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 47 theme considerable 725:736 arg1 % 777:777 up to 43% 769:777 up to 43% 769:777 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 27516308 3 47 theme considerable 725:736 arg1 present 784:790 present 784:790 present 784:790 However, analysis of the SEC eluant using refractive index (RI), which reflects the mass contribution of the oligosaccharides rather than the molar response of a UV chromophore, indicated that a considerable proportion of the digested HS, up to 43%, was present with DP >2. 29279111 7 0 theme metal 956:960 arg1 ion 962:964 metal ion 956:964 metal ion 956:964 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 1 theme adsorbent 1045:1053 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 2 theme pH 1011:1012 arg1 dose 980:983 an adsorbent dose 967:983 an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT 967:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 3 theme 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 arg1 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 3 theme 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 arg1 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 3 theme 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 arg1 % 1131:1131 an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% 1094:1131 an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water 1094:1304 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 6 4 theme solution 776:783 arg1 pH 785:786 solution pH 776:786 solution pH 776:786 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 7 5 theme ion 962:964 arg1 100mg/L 945:951 100mg/L 945:951 100mg/L of metal ion 945:964 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 4 6 link crosslinked 624:634 arg1 PMA 636:638 crosslinked PMA 624:638 crosslinked PMA 624:638 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 6 7 theme HNT 729:731 arg1 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 7 theme HNT 729:731 arg1 % 717:717 % 717:717 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 717:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 7 theme HNT 729:731 arg1 HNT 729:731 HNT 729:731 HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 729:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 0 8 theme mixtures 109:116 arg1 application 72:82 application 72:82 application 72:82 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 0 8 theme mixtures 109:116 arg1 characterization 51:66 characterization 51:66 characterization 51:66 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 0 8 theme mixtures 109:116 arg1 adsorbent-Synthesis 30:48 nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis 15:48 nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis 15:48 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 4 9 theme HNT 666:668 arg1 presence 647:654 the presence 643:654 the presence of Cs and HNT 643:668 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 7 10 theme 100mg/L 945:951 arg1 concentration 928:940 a feed concentration 921:940 a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion 921:964 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 1 11 link crosslinked 223:233 arg1 PMA 257:259 PMA 257:259 PMA 257:259 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 1 11 link crosslinked 223:233 arg1 acid 251:254 crosslinked polymethacrylic acid 223:254 crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) 223:260 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 3 12 from water 553:557 arg1 mixtures 539:546 single and binary competitive mixtures 509:546 single and binary competitive mixtures from water 509:557 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 12 from water 553:557 arg1 adsorbents 452:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 7 13 theme binary 1281:1286 arg1 mixtures 1288:1295 their binary mixtures 1275:1295 their binary mixtures in water 1275:1304 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 0 14 theme binary 102:107 arg1 mixtures 109:116 binary mixtures 102:116 binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) 102:137 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 6 15 theme process 749:755 arg1 pH 785:786 solution pH 776:786 solution pH 776:786 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 15 theme process 749:755 arg1 dosage 799:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 15 theme process 749:755 arg1 time 815:818 contact time 807:818 contact time 807:818 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 15 theme process 749:755 arg1 concentration 829:841 feed concentration 824:841 feed concentration 824:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 15 theme process 749:755 arg1 parameters 757:766 swelling and process parameters 736:766 swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration 736:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 7 16 theme containing 1055:1064 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 1 17 theme crosslinked 223:233 arg1 PMA 257:259 PMA 257:259 PMA 257:259 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 1 17 theme crosslinked 223:233 arg1 acid 251:254 crosslinked polymethacrylic acid 223:254 crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) 223:260 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 0 18 theme Pb 121:122 arg1 mixtures 109:116 binary mixtures 102:116 binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) 102:137 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 7 19 theme 3wt 1078:1080 arg1 HNT 1083:1085 3wt% HNT 1078:1085 3wt% HNT 1078:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 2 20 theme Cs-PMA/HNT 335:344 arg1 adsorbents 346:355 the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents 321:355 the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents 321:355 The structure of the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents was characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM/EDX and rheological properties. 29279111 6 21 theme feed 824:827 arg1 concentration 829:841 feed concentration 824:841 feed concentration 824:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 22 theme swelling 736:743 arg1 pH 785:786 solution pH 776:786 solution pH 776:786 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 22 theme swelling 736:743 arg1 dosage 799:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 22 theme swelling 736:743 arg1 time 815:818 contact time 807:818 contact time 807:818 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 22 theme swelling 736:743 arg1 concentration 829:841 feed concentration 824:841 feed concentration 824:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 22 theme swelling 736:743 arg1 parameters 757:766 swelling and process parameters 736:766 swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration 736:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 4 23 theme Cs 659:660 arg1 presence 647:654 the presence 643:654 the presence of Cs and HNT 643:668 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 2 24 theme resulting 325:333 arg1 adsorbents 346:355 the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents 321:355 the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents 321:355 The structure of the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents was characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM/EDX and rheological properties. 29279111 6 25 from Cs 722:723 arg1 adsorption 846:855 adsorption 846:855 adsorption of metal ions from water 846:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 25 from Cs 722:723 arg1 time 815:818 contact time 807:818 contact time 807:818 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 25 from Cs 722:723 arg1 pH 785:786 solution pH 776:786 solution pH 776:786 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 25 from Cs 722:723 arg1 dosage 799:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 25 from Cs 722:723 arg1 concentration 829:841 feed concentration 824:841 feed concentration 824:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 25 from Cs 722:723 arg1 parameters 757:766 swelling and process parameters 736:766 swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration 736:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 26 from adsorption 846:855 arg1 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 26 from adsorption 846:855 arg1 water 876:880 water 876:880 water 876:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 26 from adsorption 846:855 arg1 % 717:717 % 717:717 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 717:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 26 from adsorption 846:855 arg1 HNT 729:731 HNT 729:731 HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 729:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 27 from water 876:880 arg1 adsorption 846:855 adsorption 846:855 adsorption of metal ions from water 846:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 27 from water 876:880 arg1 ions 866:869 metal ions 860:869 metal ions from water 860:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 4 28 theme PMA 636:638 arg1 properties 610:619 adsorption properties 599:619 adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA 599:638 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 5 29 theme synthesis 685:693 arg1 parameters 695:704 synthesis parameters 685:704 synthesis parameters 685:704 The effect of synthesis parameters such as wt. 29279111 1 30 theme polymethacrylic 235:249 arg1 PMA 257:259 PMA 257:259 PMA 257:259 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 1 30 theme polymethacrylic 235:249 arg1 acid 251:254 crosslinked polymethacrylic acid 223:254 crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) 223:260 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 7 31 theme feed 923:926 arg1 concentration 928:940 a feed concentration 921:940 a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion 921:964 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 4 32 theme crosslinked 624:634 arg1 PMA 636:638 crosslinked PMA 624:638 crosslinked PMA 624:638 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 1 33 theme Composite 151:159 arg1 type 161:164 Composite type adsorbent 151:174 Composite type adsorbent 151:174 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 0 34 theme composite 20:28 arg1 adsorbent-Synthesis 30:48 nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis 15:48 nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis 15:48 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 6 35 from parameters 757:766 arg1 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 35 from parameters 757:766 arg1 % 717:717 % 717:717 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 717:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 35 from parameters 757:766 arg1 HNT 729:731 HNT 729:731 HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 729:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 0 36 theme nano 15:18 arg1 adsorbent-Synthesis 30:48 nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis 15:48 nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis 15:48 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 6 37 theme contact 807:813 arg1 time 815:818 contact time 807:818 contact time 807:818 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 7 38 from mixtures 1288:1295 arg1 water 1300:1304 water 1300:1304 water 1300:1304 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 3 39 theme competitive 527:537 arg1 mixtures 539:546 single and binary competitive mixtures 509:546 single and binary competitive mixtures from water 509:557 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 39 theme competitive 527:537 arg1 adsorbents 452:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 40 theme Pb 488:489 arg1 removal 477:483 removal 477:483 removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) 477:504 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 1 41 theme adsorbent 166:174 arg1 type 161:164 Composite type adsorbent 151:174 Composite type adsorbent 151:174 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 7 42 theme adsorbent 970:978 arg1 dose 980:983 an adsorbent dose 967:983 an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT 967:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 43 theme solution 1002:1009 arg1 pH 1011:1012 a solution pH 1000:1012 a solution pH 1000:1012 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 44 theme 4wt 1066:1068 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 3 45 theme Cd 499:500 arg1 removal 477:483 removal 477:483 removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) 477:504 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 6 46 theme batch 898:902 arg1 experiments 904:914 batch experiments 898:914 batch experiments 898:914 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 7 47 theme HNT 1083:1085 arg1 dose 980:983 an adsorbent dose 967:983 an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT 967:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 3 48 used used 468:471 arg2 adsorbents 452:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 48 used used 468:471 arg2 mixtures 539:546 single and binary competitive mixtures 509:546 single and binary competitive mixtures from water 509:557 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 6 49 from HNT 729:731 arg1 adsorption 846:855 adsorption 846:855 adsorption of metal ions from water 846:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 49 from HNT 729:731 arg1 time 815:818 contact time 807:818 contact time 807:818 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 49 from HNT 729:731 arg1 pH 785:786 solution pH 776:786 solution pH 776:786 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 49 from HNT 729:731 arg1 dosage 799:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 49 from HNT 729:731 arg1 concentration 829:841 feed concentration 824:841 feed concentration 824:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 49 from HNT 729:731 arg1 parameters 757:766 swelling and process parameters 736:766 swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration 736:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 50 theme Cs 722:723 arg1 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 Cs 722:723 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 50 theme Cs 722:723 arg1 % 717:717 % 717:717 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 717:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 50 theme Cs 722:723 arg1 HNT 729:731 HNT 729:731 HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water 729:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 5 51 theme parameters 695:704 arg1 effect 675:680 The effect 671:680 The effect of synthesis parameters 671:704 The effect of synthesis parameters such as wt. 29279111 2 52 theme adsorbents 346:355 arg1 structure 308:316 The structure 304:316 The structure of the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents 304:355 The structure of the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents was characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM/EDX and rheological properties. 29279111 6 53 from % 717:717 arg1 adsorption 846:855 adsorption 846:855 adsorption of metal ions from water 846:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 53 from % 717:717 arg1 time 815:818 contact time 807:818 contact time 807:818 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 53 from % 717:717 arg1 pH 785:786 solution pH 776:786 solution pH 776:786 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 53 from % 717:717 arg1 dosage 799:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 53 from % 717:717 arg1 concentration 829:841 feed concentration 824:841 feed concentration 824:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 53 from % 717:717 arg1 parameters 757:766 swelling and process parameters 736:766 swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration 736:841 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 6 54 theme adsorbent 789:797 arg1 dosage 799:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 adsorbent dosage 789:804 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 3 55 theme binary 520:525 arg1 mixtures 539:546 single and binary competitive mixtures 509:546 single and binary competitive mixtures from water 509:557 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 55 theme binary 520:525 arg1 adsorbents 452:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 4 56 theme adsorption 599:608 arg1 properties 610:619 adsorption properties 599:619 adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA 599:638 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 1 57 theme nano 266:269 arg1 HNT 298:300 HNT 298:300 HNT 298:300 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 1 57 theme nano 266:269 arg1 nanotube 288:295 nano sized halloysite nanotube 266:295 nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT) 266:301 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 0 58 theme Cd 132:133 arg1 mixtures 109:116 binary mixtures 102:116 binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) 102:137 Chitosan based nano composite adsorbent-Synthesis, characterization and application for adsorption of binary mixtures of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. 29279111 7 59 theme 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 arg1 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 59 theme 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 arg1 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 59 theme 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 arg1 % 1131:1131 an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% 1094:1131 an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water 1094:1304 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 60 theme % 1081:1081 arg1 HNT 1083:1085 3wt% HNT 1078:1085 3wt% HNT 1078:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 1 61 theme sized 271:275 arg1 HNT 298:300 HNT 298:300 HNT 298:300 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 1 61 theme sized 271:275 arg1 nanotube 288:295 nano sized halloysite nanotube 266:295 nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT) 266:301 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 7 62 theme same 1256:1259 arg1 ions 1267:1270 the same metal ions 1252:1270 the same metal ions 1252:1270 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 63 theme single 1166:1171 arg1 Pb 1173:1174 single Pb(II) 1166:1178 single Pb(II) 1166:1178 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 64 theme Cs 1071:1072 arg1 dose 980:983 an adsorbent dose 967:983 an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT 967:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 4 65 theme significant 572:582 arg1 improvement 584:594 a significant improvement 570:594 a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT 570:668 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 3 66 theme single 509:514 arg1 mixtures 539:546 single and binary competitive mixtures 509:546 single and binary competitive mixtures from water 509:557 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 66 theme single 509:514 arg1 adsorbents 452:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 6 67 theme ions 866:869 arg1 adsorption 846:855 adsorption 846:855 adsorption of metal ions from water 846:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 7 68 theme Cs-PMA/HNT 1024:1033 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 69 theme /removal 1123:1130 arg1 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 341.6/85.4 1151:1160 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 69 theme /removal 1123:1130 arg1 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 357.4/89.4 1136:1145 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 69 theme /removal 1123:1130 arg1 % 1131:1131 an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% 1094:1131 an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water 1094:1304 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 3 70 theme functional 441:450 arg1 mixtures 539:546 single and binary competitive mixtures 509:546 single and binary competitive mixtures from water 509:557 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 3 70 theme functional 441:450 arg1 adsorbents 452:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents 435:461 These functional adsorbents were used for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) as single and binary competitive mixtures from water. 29279111 7 71 theme composite 1035:1043 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 6 72 theme metal 860:864 arg1 ions 866:869 metal ions 860:869 metal ions from water 860:880 % of Cs and HNT on swelling and process parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and feed concentration on adsorption of metal ions from water were studied in batch experiments. 29279111 2 73 theme rheological 411:421 arg1 properties 423:432 rheological properties 411:432 rheological properties 411:432 The structure of the resulting Cs-PMA/HNT adsorbents was characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM/EDX and rheological properties. 29279111 1 74 theme halloysite 277:286 arg1 HNT 298:300 HNT 298:300 HNT 298:300 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 1 74 theme halloysite 277:286 arg1 nanotube 288:295 nano sized halloysite nanotube 266:295 nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT) 266:301 Composite type adsorbent was prepared by integrating chitosan (Cs) with crosslinked polymethacrylic acid (PMA) and nano sized halloysite nanotube (HNT). 29279111 7 75 theme 0.25g/L 988:994 arg1 dose 980:983 an adsorbent dose 967:983 an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT 967:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 76 theme metal 1261:1265 arg1 ions 1267:1270 the same metal ions 1252:1270 the same metal ions 1252:1270 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 77 theme % 1069:1069 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 4 78 from improvement 584:594 arg1 properties 610:619 adsorption properties 599:619 adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA 599:638 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 4 78 from improvement 584:594 arg1 presence 647:654 the presence 643:654 the presence of Cs and HNT 643:668 There was a significant improvement in adsorption properties of crosslinked PMA in the presence of Cs and HNT. 29279111 7 79 theme 6 1017:1017 arg1 0.25g/L 988:994 0.25g/L 988:994 0.25g/L 988:994 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 79 theme 6 1017:1017 arg1 HNT 1083:1085 3wt% HNT 1078:1085 3wt% HNT 1078:1085 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 79 theme 6 1017:1017 arg1 pH 1011:1012 a solution pH 1000:1012 a solution pH 1000:1012 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 29279111 7 79 theme 6 1017:1017 arg1 Cs 1071:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs 1020:1072 For a feed concentration of 100mg/L of metal ion, an adsorbent dose of 0.25g/L and a solution pH of 6, the Cs-PMA/HNT composite adsorbent containing 4wt% Cs and 3wt% HNT showed an adsorption capacity (mg/g)/removal% of 357.4/89.4 and 341.6/85.4 for single Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively which reduced to 313.7/78.4 and 303.6/77.3 for the same metal ions in their binary mixtures in water. 26076641 3 0 theme KG 326:327 arg1 hydrolysis 312:321 the enzymatic hydrolysis 298:321 the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG 298:327 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 7 1 theme power 983:987 arg1 determination 844:856 determination 844:856 determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity 844:950 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 7 1 theme power 983:987 arg1 determination 957:969 determination 957:969 determination of reducing power 957:987 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 1 2 theme glucomannan 159:169 arg1 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 degradation of konjac glucomannan (KG) 137:174 Konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOG) was prepared by degradation of konjac glucomannan (KG) using β-mannanase. 26076641 6 3 dep infrared 701:708 arg1 FTIR 711:714 FTIR 711:714 FTIR 711:714 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of KG and KOG indicated that KG was successfully degraded. 26076641 4 4 theme hydrolasate 547:557 arg1 viscosity 517:525 minimum viscosity 509:525 minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate 509:557 Under these optimized conditions, minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate was obtained. 26076641 4 4 theme hydrolasate 547:557 arg1 mPa·s 533:537 31.9 mPa·s 528:537 31.9 mPa·s 528:537 Under these optimized conditions, minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate was obtained. 26076641 7 5 theme radical 916:922 arg1 determination 844:856 determination 844:856 determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity 844:950 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 7 5 theme radical 916:922 arg1 determination 957:969 determination 957:969 determination of reducing power 957:987 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 7 6 theme antioxidant 803:813 arg1 activities 815:824 their antioxidant activities 797:824 their antioxidant activities 797:824 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 3 7 theme optimum 356:362 arg1 conditions 375:384 the optimum hydrolysis conditions 352:384 the optimum hydrolysis conditions 352:384 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 4 8 theme optimized 487:495 arg1 conditions 497:506 these optimized conditions 481:506 these optimized conditions 481:506 Under these optimized conditions, minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate was obtained. 26076641 3 9 theme hydrolysis 364:373 arg1 conditions 375:384 the optimum hydrolysis conditions 352:384 the optimum hydrolysis conditions 352:384 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 5 10 theme resulting 622:630 arg1 KOG 632:634 the resulting KOG 618:634 the resulting KOG 618:634 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 5 11 theme average 577:583 arg1 equal 654:658 equal 654:658 equal 654:658 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 5 11 theme average 577:583 arg1 degree 585:590 The average degree 573:590 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG 573:634 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 7 12 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl 888:914 arg1 •DPPH 925:929 •DPPH 925:929 •DPPH 925:929 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 7 12 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl 888:914 arg1 radical 916:922 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical 888:922 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) 888:930 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 5 13 theme polymerization 595:608 arg1 equal 654:658 equal 654:658 equal 654:658 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 5 13 theme polymerization 595:608 arg1 degree 585:590 The average degree 573:590 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG 573:634 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 1 14 theme Konjac 90:95 arg1 KOG 116:118 KOG 116:118 KOG 116:118 Konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOG) was prepared by degradation of konjac glucomannan (KG) using β-mannanase. 26076641 1 14 theme Konjac 90:95 arg1 oligo-glucomannan 97:113 Konjac oligo-glucomannan 90:113 Konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOG) 90:119 Konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOG) was prepared by degradation of konjac glucomannan (KG) using β-mannanase. 26076641 7 15 theme radical 870:876 arg1 determination 844:856 determination 844:856 determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity 844:950 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 7 15 theme radical 870:876 arg1 determination 957:969 determination 957:969 determination of reducing power 957:987 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 8 16 theme significant 1028:1038 arg1 activities 1052:1061 significant antioxidant activities 1028:1061 significant antioxidant activities 1028:1061 The results showed that KOG exhibited significant antioxidant activities. 26076641 9 17 theme natural 1141:1147 arg1 KOG 1106:1108 KOG 1106:1108 KOG 1106:1108 Taken together, this study suggested that KOG could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant. 26076641 9 17 theme natural 1141:1147 arg1 antioxidant 1149:1159 a natural antioxidant 1139:1159 a natural antioxidant 1139:1159 Taken together, this study suggested that KOG could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant. 26076641 0 18 theme composition 13:23 arg1 analysis 25:32 composition analysis 13:32 composition analysis 13:32 Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan. 26076641 9 19 used used 1131:1134 arg2 KOG 1106:1108 KOG 1106:1108 KOG 1106:1108 Taken together, this study suggested that KOG could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant. 26076641 9 19 used used 1131:1134 arg2 antioxidant 1149:1159 a natural antioxidant 1139:1159 a natural antioxidant 1139:1159 Taken together, this study suggested that KOG could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant. 26076641 3 20 theme enzymatic 442:450 arg1 U/g 470:472 enzymatic concentration 150 U/g 442:472 enzymatic concentration 150 U/g 442:472 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 0 21 theme antioxidant 38:48 arg1 activities 50:59 antioxidant activities 38:59 antioxidant activities 38:59 Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan. 26076641 3 22 dep investigated 334:345 arg1 U/g 470:472 enzymatic concentration 150 U/g 442:472 enzymatic concentration 150 U/g 442:472 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 3 22 dep investigated 334:345 arg1 time 403:406 time 2h 403:409 time 2h 403:409 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 3 22 dep investigated 334:345 arg1 temperature 412:422 temperature 50°C 412:427 temperature 50°C 412:427 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 3 22 dep investigated 334:345 arg1 pH 430:431 pH 6.0 430:435 pH 6.0 430:435 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 4 23 theme minimum 509:515 arg1 viscosity 517:525 minimum viscosity 509:525 minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate 509:557 Under these optimized conditions, minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate was obtained. 26076641 4 23 theme minimum 509:515 arg1 mPa·s 533:537 31.9 mPa·s 528:537 31.9 mPa·s 528:537 Under these optimized conditions, minimum viscosity (31.9 mPa·s) of the hydrolasate was obtained. 26076641 8 24 theme antioxidant 1040:1050 arg1 activities 1052:1061 significant antioxidant activities 1028:1061 significant antioxidant activities 1028:1061 The results showed that KOG exhibited significant antioxidant activities. 26076641 5 25 theme KOG 632:634 arg1 DP 611:612 DP 611:612 DP 611:612 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 5 25 theme KOG 632:634 arg1 polymerization 595:608 polymerization 595:608 polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG 595:634 The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting KOG was approximately equal to 5.2. 26076641 0 26 theme konjac 64:69 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan. 26076641 0 26 theme konjac 64:69 arg1 analysis 25:32 composition analysis 13:32 composition analysis 13:32 Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan. 26076641 0 26 theme konjac 64:69 arg1 activities 50:59 antioxidant activities 38:59 antioxidant activities 38:59 Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan. 26076641 7 27 theme reducing 974:981 arg1 power 983:987 reducing power 974:987 reducing power 974:987 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 2 28 theme hydrolysis 199:208 arg1 process 210:216 The hydrolysis process 195:216 The hydrolysis process 195:216 The hydrolysis process was monitored by the viscosity of the enzymatic hydrolysates. 26076641 2 29 theme enzymatic 256:264 arg1 hydrolysates 266:277 the enzymatic hydrolysates 252:277 the enzymatic hydrolysates 252:277 The hydrolysis process was monitored by the viscosity of the enzymatic hydrolysates. 26076641 6 30 theme infrared 701:708 arg1 spectra 717:723 infrared (FTIR) spectra 701:723 infrared (FTIR) spectra 701:723 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of KG and KOG indicated that KG was successfully degraded. 26076641 3 31 theme concentration 452:464 arg1 U/g 470:472 enzymatic concentration 150 U/g 442:472 enzymatic concentration 150 U/g 442:472 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 7 32 theme hydroxyl 861:868 arg1 •OH 879:881 •OH 879:881 •OH 879:881 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 7 32 theme hydroxyl 861:868 arg1 radical 870:876 hydroxyl radical 861:876 hydroxyl radical (•OH) 861:882 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 3 33 theme enzymatic 302:310 arg1 hydrolysis 312:321 the enzymatic hydrolysis 298:321 the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG 298:327 Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of KG were investigated, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: time 2h; temperature 50°C; pH 6.0; and enzymatic concentration 150 U/g. 26076641 7 34 theme scavenging 932:941 arg1 activity 943:950 scavenging activity 932:950 scavenging activity 932:950 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 26076641 6 35 theme Fourier 683:689 arg1 results 672:678 The results 668:678 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of KG and KOG 668:737 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of KG and KOG indicated that KG was successfully degraded. 26076641 6 36 dep Fourier 683:689 arg1 transform 691:699 transform 691:699 transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of KG and KOG 691:737 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of KG and KOG indicated that KG was successfully degraded. 26076641 2 37 theme hydrolysates 266:277 arg1 viscosity 239:247 the viscosity 235:247 the viscosity of the enzymatic hydrolysates 235:277 The hydrolysis process was monitored by the viscosity of the enzymatic hydrolysates. 26076641 1 38 theme konjac 152:157 arg1 KG 172:173 KG 172:173 KG 172:173 Konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOG) was prepared by degradation of konjac glucomannan (KG) using β-mannanase. 26076641 1 38 theme konjac 152:157 arg1 glucomannan 159:169 konjac glucomannan 152:169 konjac glucomannan (KG) 152:174 Konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOG) was prepared by degradation of konjac glucomannan (KG) using β-mannanase. 26076641 7 39 dep radical 870:876 arg1 activity 943:950 scavenging activity 932:950 scavenging activity 932:950 In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by determination of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical (•DPPH) scavenging activity, and determination of reducing power. 25459705 0 0 theme infrared 117:124 arg1 spectroscopy 126:137 fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 97:137 fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 97:137 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 4 1 theme amino 799:803 arg1 matrix 815:820 the amino cellulose matrix 795:820 the amino cellulose matrix 795:820 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 8 2 theme biomedical 1283:1292 arg1 field 1294:1298 biomedical field 1283:1298 biomedical field 1283:1298 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 8 3 from system 1273:1278 arg1 field 1294:1298 biomedical field 1283:1298 biomedical field 1283:1298 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 0 4 theme transformed 105:115 arg1 spectroscopy 126:137 fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 97:137 fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 97:137 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 8 5 theme nano-composite 1185:1198 arg1 polymers 1200:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 6 6 theme Magnetite 961:969 arg1 nanoparticles 971:983 Magnetite nanoparticles 961:983 Magnetite nanoparticles 961:983 Magnetite nanoparticles were irregular spheres dispersed in the cellulose matrix. 25459705 2 7 theme nano-particles 463:476 arg1 formation 441:449 the solution-based formation 422:449 the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses 422:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 4 8 from Fe3O4 711:715 arg1 pattern 728:734 the XRD pattern 720:734 the XRD pattern of nanocomposite 720:751 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 3 9 theme transformed 604:614 arg1 FTIR 626:629 FTIR 626:629 FTIR 626:629 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 9 theme transformed 604:614 arg1 fourier 596:602 fourier transformed infrared 596:623 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) 596:630 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 10 theme microscopy 669:678 arg1 analysis 688:695 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis 636:695 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis 636:695 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 4 11 theme Fe3O4 711:715 arg1 peaks 702:706 The peaks 698:706 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite 698:751 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 5 12 theme average 864:870 arg1 diameter 872:879 an average diameter 861:879 an average diameter of roughly 33nm 861:895 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 3 13 theme infrared 616:623 arg1 FTIR 626:629 FTIR 626:629 FTIR 626:629 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 13 theme infrared 616:623 arg1 fourier 596:602 fourier transformed infrared 596:623 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) 596:630 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 0 14 theme powder 146:151 arg1 networks 67:74 fibrous networks 59:74 fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 59:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 14 theme powder 146:151 arg1 diffraction 153:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 5 15 theme electron 940:947 arg1 microscopy 949:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 3 16 theme scanning 651:658 arg1 microscopy 669:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy 636:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis 636:695 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 16 theme scanning 651:658 arg1 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 17 theme X-ray 564:568 arg1 diffraction 577:587 X-ray powder diffraction 564:587 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 564:593 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 17 theme X-ray 564:568 arg1 XRD 590:592 XRD 590:592 XRD 590:592 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 5 18 theme field 916:920 arg1 microscopy 949:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 0 19 theme X-ray 140:144 arg1 networks 67:74 fibrous networks 59:74 fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 59:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 19 theme X-ray 140:144 arg1 diffraction 153:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 8 20 theme potential 1216:1224 arg1 range 1226:1230 a potential range 1214:1230 a potential range of application 1214:1245 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 3 21 theme electron 660:667 arg1 microscopy 669:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy 636:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis 636:695 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 21 theme electron 660:667 arg1 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 4 22 from peaks 702:706 arg1 pattern 728:734 the XRD pattern 720:734 the XRD pattern of nanocomposite 720:751 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 0 23 theme biocompatible 11:23 arg1 magnetite-cellulose 25:43 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose 0:43 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose 0:43 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 3 24 theme emission 642:649 arg1 microscopy 669:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy 636:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis 636:695 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 24 theme emission 642:649 arg1 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 8 25 theme application 1235:1245 arg1 range 1226:1230 a potential range 1214:1230 a potential range of application 1214:1245 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 4 26 from pattern 728:734 arg1 peaks 702:706 The peaks 698:706 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite 698:751 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 2 27 theme amino 506:510 arg1 celluloses 512:521 amino celluloses 506:521 amino celluloses 506:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 0 28 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 magnetite-cellulose 25:43 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose 0:43 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose 0:43 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 7 29 theme functional 1083:1092 arg1 group 1094:1098 the NCH3 functional group 1074:1098 the NCH3 functional group 1074:1098 The vibration corresponding to the NCH3 functional group about 2850cm(-1) is assigned in the FTIR spectra. 25459705 4 30 from existence 761:769 arg1 matrix 815:820 the amino cellulose matrix 795:820 the amino cellulose matrix 795:820 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 3 31 theme powder 570:575 arg1 diffraction 577:587 X-ray powder diffraction 564:587 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 564:593 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 31 theme powder 570:575 arg1 XRD 590:592 XRD 590:592 XRD 590:592 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 8 32 theme magnetite-cellulose 1165:1183 arg1 polymers 1200:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 8 33 theme targeted 1250:1257 arg1 system 1273:1278 targeted drug delivery system 1250:1278 targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field 1250:1298 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 8 34 theme Functionalized 1150:1163 arg1 polymers 1200:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 4 35 theme nanocomposite 739:751 arg1 pattern 728:734 the XRD pattern 720:734 the XRD pattern of nanocomposite 720:751 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 8 36 contain have 1209:1212 arg2 range 1226:1230 a potential range 1214:1230 a potential range of application 1214:1245 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 8 36 contain have 1209:1212 arg1 polymers 1200:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers 1150:1207 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 5 37 theme Magnetite-cellulose 823:841 arg1 particles 843:851 Magnetite-cellulose particles 823:851 Magnetite-cellulose particles 823:851 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 6 38 theme cellulose 1025:1033 arg1 matrix 1035:1040 the cellulose matrix 1021:1040 the cellulose matrix 1021:1040 Magnetite nanoparticles were irregular spheres dispersed in the cellulose matrix. 25459705 4 39 theme cellulose 805:813 arg1 matrix 815:820 the amino cellulose matrix 795:820 the amino cellulose matrix 795:820 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 3 40 theme field 636:640 arg1 microscopy 669:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy 636:678 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis 636:695 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 3 40 theme field 636:640 arg1 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 FESEM 681:685 Characterization was accomplished using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. 25459705 0 41 theme emission 175:182 arg1 microscopy 202:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy 169:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 1 42 dep preparation 227:237 arg1 The 223:225 The 223:225 The 223:225 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 4 43 theme nanoparticles 778:790 arg1 existence 761:769 existence 761:769 existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix 761:820 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 1 44 theme functional 263:272 arg1 material 331:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 0 45 theme fibrous 59:65 arg1 networks 67:74 fibrous networks 59:74 fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 59:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 45 theme fibrous 59:65 arg1 diffraction 153:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 45 theme fibrous 59:65 arg1 analysis 213:220 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 45 theme fibrous 59:65 arg1 Characterization 77:92 Characterization 77:92 Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 77:137 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 46 theme field 169:173 arg1 microscopy 202:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy 169:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 1 47 theme biocompatible 274:286 arg1 material 331:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 5 48 theme emission 922:929 arg1 microscopy 949:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 0 49 theme electron 193:200 arg1 microscopy 202:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy 169:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 50 dep networks 67:74 arg1 networks 67:74 fibrous networks 59:74 fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 59:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 50 dep networks 67:74 arg1 diffraction 153:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 X-ray powder diffraction 140:163 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 50 dep networks 67:74 arg1 analysis 213:220 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 50 dep networks 67:74 arg1 Characterization 77:92 Characterization 77:92 Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 77:137 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 2 51 theme magnetic 454:461 arg1 nano-particles 463:476 magnetic nano-particles 454:476 magnetic nano-particles 454:476 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 5 52 theme scanning 931:938 arg1 microscopy 949:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 field emission scanning electron microscopy 916:958 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 0 53 theme scanning 184:191 arg1 microscopy 202:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy 169:211 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 6 54 theme irregular 990:998 arg1 spheres 1000:1006 irregular spheres 990:1006 irregular spheres dispersed in the cellulose matrix 990:1040 Magnetite nanoparticles were irregular spheres dispersed in the cellulose matrix. 25459705 8 55 theme delivery 1264:1271 arg1 system 1273:1278 targeted drug delivery system 1250:1278 targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field 1250:1298 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 2 56 with nano-particles 463:476 arg1 celluloses 512:521 amino celluloses 506:521 amino celluloses 506:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 2 57 theme Magnetite-cellulose 354:372 arg1 nano-composite 374:387 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite 354:387 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite 354:387 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 2 58 theme formation 441:449 arg1 combination 407:417 a combination 405:417 a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses 405:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 7 59 theme NCH3 1078:1081 arg1 group 1094:1098 the NCH3 functional group 1074:1098 the NCH3 functional group 1074:1098 The vibration corresponding to the NCH3 functional group about 2850cm(-1) is assigned in the FTIR spectra. 25459705 1 60 theme magnetite-cellulose 288:306 arg1 material 331:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 0 61 theme microscopy 202:211 arg1 networks 67:74 fibrous networks 59:74 fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 59:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 0 61 theme microscopy 202:211 arg1 analysis 213:220 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis 169:220 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 2 62 with coating 493:499 arg1 celluloses 512:521 amino celluloses 506:521 amino celluloses 506:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 2 63 theme solution-based 426:439 arg1 formation 441:449 the solution-based formation 422:449 the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses 422:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 1 64 theme nano-composite 308:321 arg1 material 331:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 0 65 theme fourier 97:103 arg1 spectroscopy 126:137 fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 97:137 fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 97:137 Functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nanocomposite fibrous networks: Characterization by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. 25459705 7 66 theme FTIR 1136:1139 arg1 spectra 1141:1147 the FTIR spectra 1132:1147 the FTIR spectra 1132:1147 The vibration corresponding to the NCH3 functional group about 2850cm(-1) is assigned in the FTIR spectra. 25459705 2 67 theme coating 493:499 arg1 formation 441:449 the solution-based formation 422:449 the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses 422:521 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 1 68 theme fibrous 323:329 arg1 material 331:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material 263:338 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 5 69 theme 33nm 892:895 arg1 diameter 872:879 an average diameter 861:879 an average diameter of roughly 33nm 861:895 Magnetite-cellulose particles exhibit an average diameter of roughly 33nm as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. 25459705 4 70 theme XRD 724:726 arg1 pattern 728:734 the XRD pattern 720:734 the XRD pattern of nanocomposite 720:751 The peaks of Fe3O4 in the XRD pattern of nanocomposite confirm existence of the nanoparticles in the amino cellulose matrix. 25459705 2 71 theme subsequent 482:491 arg1 coating 493:499 subsequent coating 482:499 subsequent coating 482:499 Magnetite-cellulose nano-composite was prepared by a combination of the solution-based formation of magnetic nano-particles and subsequent coating with amino celluloses. 25459705 8 72 theme drug 1259:1262 arg1 system 1273:1278 targeted drug delivery system 1250:1278 targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field 1250:1298 Functionalized magnetite-cellulose nano-composite polymers have a potential range of application as targeted drug delivery system in biomedical field. 25459705 1 73 theme material 331:338 arg1 preparation 227:237 preparation 227:237 preparation 227:237 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 25459705 1 73 theme material 331:338 arg1 characterization 243:258 characterization 243:258 characterization 243:258 The preparation and characterization of functional biocompatible magnetite-cellulose nano-composite fibrous material is described. 29202273 0 0 theme bile 65:68 arg1 composition 75:85 bile acid composition 65:85 bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets 65:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 8 1 from amount 1347:1352 arg1 useful 1406:1411 useful 1406:1411 useful 1406:1411 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 1 from amount 1347:1352 arg1 diet 1387:1390 the diet 1383:1390 the diet 1383:1390 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 5 2 theme lithocholic- 796:807 arg1 acids 841:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 2 theme lithocholic- 796:807 arg1 BAs 791:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 2 theme lithocholic- 796:807 arg1 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 2 theme lithocholic- 796:807 arg1 amount 767:772 The amount 763:772 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids 763:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 2 theme lithocholic- 796:807 arg1 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 2 theme lithocholic- 796:807 arg1 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 2 3 theme high-fat 485:492 arg1 diets 494:498 low- and high-fat diets 476:498 low- and high-fat diets 476:498 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 1 4 theme acid 213:216 arg1 profiles 223:230 bile acid (BA) profiles 208:230 bile acid (BA) profiles 208:230 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 5 theme dietary 275:281 arg1 composition 283:293 dietary composition 275:293 dietary composition 275:293 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 0 6 from composition 75:85 arg1 cecum 90:94 cecum 90:94 cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets 90:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 8 7 from type 1358:1361 arg1 useful 1406:1411 useful 1406:1411 useful 1406:1411 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 7 from type 1358:1361 arg1 diet 1387:1390 the diet 1383:1390 the diet 1383:1390 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 2 8 theme cecal 438:442 arg1 composition 447:457 cecal BA composition 438:457 cecal BA composition 438:457 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 0 9 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 75:85 bile acid composition 65:85 bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets 65:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 1 10 from turn 242:245 arg1 dependent 258:266 dependent 258:266 dependent 258:266 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 8 11 from changes 1469:1475 arg1 profiles 1483:1490 BA profiles 1480:1490 BA profiles 1480:1490 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 0 12 theme acid 70:73 arg1 composition 75:85 bile acid composition 65:85 bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets 65:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 2 13 dep type 397:400 arg1 the 393:395 the 393:395 the 393:395 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 6 14 theme ω-muricholic 1056:1067 arg1 BAs 1019:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 14 theme ω-muricholic 1056:1067 arg1 acids 1069:1073 β- and ω-muricholic acids 1049:1073 β- and ω-muricholic acids 1049:1073 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 4 15 theme liquid-phase 696:707 arg1 microextraction 709:723 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction 683:723 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction 683:723 BAs were preconcentrated using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and quantified by gas chromatography. 29202273 8 16 theme dietary 1366:1372 arg1 fiber 1374:1378 dietary fiber 1366:1378 dietary fiber 1366:1378 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 17 from profile 1298:1304 arg1 gut 1313:1315 the gut 1309:1315 the gut 1309:1315 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 7 18 dep true 1199:1202 arg1 This 1177:1180 This 1177:1180 This 1177:1180 This was particularly true for groups fed the highest level of β-glucans and in some cases also the medium level. 29202273 7 18 dep true 1199:1202 arg1 level 1284:1288 the medium level 1273:1288 the medium level 1273:1288 This was particularly true for groups fed the highest level of β-glucans and in some cases also the medium level. 29202273 5 19 theme high-fat 882:889 arg1 diets 891:895 high-fat diets 882:895 high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05) 882:965 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 20 from acids 925:929 arg1 groups 934:939 groups 934:939 groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05) 934:965 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 1 21 theme Diet-induced 133:144 arg1 obesity 146:152 Diet-induced obesity 133:152 Diet-induced obesity 133:152 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 22 from dependent 258:266 arg1 turn 242:245 turn 242:245 turn 242:245 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 4 23 theme gas 743:745 arg1 chromatography 747:760 gas chromatography 743:760 gas chromatography 743:760 BAs were preconcentrated using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and quantified by gas chromatography. 29202273 6 24 theme β- 1049:1050 arg1 BAs 1019:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 24 theme β- 1049:1050 arg1 acids 1069:1073 β- and ω-muricholic acids 1049:1073 β- and ω-muricholic acids 1049:1073 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 8 25 theme BA 1295:1296 arg1 profile 1298:1304 The BA profile 1291:1304 The BA profile in the gut 1291:1315 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 25 theme BA 1295:1296 arg1 dependent 1330:1338 dependent 1330:1338 dependent 1330:1338 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 3 26 theme β-glucans 609:617 arg1 levels 627:632 two levels 623:632 two levels of dietary fiber 623:649 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 3 26 theme β-glucans 609:617 arg1 levels 599:604 three levels 593:604 three levels of β-glucans 593:617 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 5 27 theme corresponding 911:923 arg1 acids 925:929 corresponding acids 911:929 corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05) 911:965 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 3 28 theme dietary 637:643 arg1 fiber 645:649 dietary fiber 637:649 dietary fiber 637:649 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 8 29 from useful 1406:1411 arg1 prevention/treatment 1420:1439 the prevention/treatment 1416:1439 the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles 1416:1490 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 1 30 theme insulin 158:164 arg1 resistance 166:175 insulin resistance 158:175 insulin resistance 158:175 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 0 31 theme variety 18:24 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 0:131 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 1 32 dep composition 283:293 arg1 the 271:273 the 271:273 the 271:273 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 0 33 theme rats 99:102 arg1 cecum 90:94 cecum 90:94 cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets 90:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 6 34 theme five 1088:1091 arg1 times 1093:1097 times 1093:1097 times 1093:1097 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 35 theme ursodeoxycholic 1024:1038 arg1 acid 1040:1043 ursodeoxycholic acid 1024:1043 ursodeoxycholic acid 1024:1043 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 35 theme ursodeoxycholic 1024:1038 arg1 BAs 1019:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 36 dep times 1093:1097 arg1 P<.05 1107:1111 P<.05 1107:1111 P<.05 1107:1111 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 36 dep times 1093:1097 arg1 to 1085:1086 to 1085:1086 to 1085:1086 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 36 dep times 1093:1097 arg1 higher 1099:1104 higher 1099:1104 higher 1099:1104 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 2 37 theme present 352:358 arg1 study 360:364 the present study 348:364 the present study 348:364 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 0 38 theme barley 11:16 arg1 variety 18:24 barley variety 11:24 barley variety 11:24 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 8 39 theme fiber 1374:1378 arg1 type 1358:1361 type 1358:1361 type 1358:1361 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 39 theme fiber 1374:1378 arg1 fiber 1374:1378 dietary fiber 1366:1378 dietary fiber 1366:1378 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 39 theme fiber 1374:1378 arg1 amount 1347:1352 amount 1347:1352 amount 1347:1352 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 1 40 theme gut 315:317 arg1 microbiota 319:328 the gut microbiota 311:328 the gut microbiota 311:328 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 7 41 theme β-glucans 1240:1248 arg1 level 1231:1235 the highest level 1219:1235 the highest level of β-glucans 1219:1248 This was particularly true for groups fed the highest level of β-glucans and in some cases also the medium level. 29202273 5 42 theme BAs 791:793 arg1 acids 841:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 42 theme BAs 791:793 arg1 BAs 791:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 42 theme BAs 791:793 arg1 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 42 theme BAs 791:793 arg1 amount 767:772 The amount 763:772 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids 763:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 42 theme BAs 791:793 arg1 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 42 theme BAs 791:793 arg1 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 0 43 theme dietary 27:33 arg1 fiber 35:39 dietary fiber 27:39 dietary fiber 27:39 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 6 44 theme secondary 1009:1017 arg1 acid 1040:1043 ursodeoxycholic acid 1024:1043 ursodeoxycholic acid 1024:1043 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 44 theme secondary 1009:1017 arg1 acids 1069:1073 β- and ω-muricholic acids 1049:1073 β- and ω-muricholic acids 1049:1073 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 44 theme secondary 1009:1017 arg1 BAs 1019:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 the secondary BAs 1005:1021 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 0 45 theme low- 108:111 arg1 diets 126:130 low- and high-fat diets 108:130 low- and high-fat diets 108:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 1 46 theme microbiota 319:328 arg1 activity 299:306 activity 299:306 activity 299:306 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 46 theme microbiota 319:328 arg1 composition 283:293 dietary composition 275:293 dietary composition 275:293 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 7 47 theme highest 1223:1229 arg1 level 1231:1235 the highest level 1219:1235 the highest level of β-glucans 1219:1248 This was particularly true for groups fed the highest level of β-glucans and in some cases also the medium level. 29202273 5 48 theme secondary 781:789 arg1 BAs 791:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 3 49 theme fiber 645:649 arg1 levels 627:632 two levels 623:632 two levels of dietary fiber 623:649 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 3 49 theme fiber 645:649 arg1 levels 599:604 three levels 593:604 three levels of β-glucans 593:617 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 2 50 theme BA 444:445 arg1 composition 447:457 cecal BA composition 438:457 cecal BA composition 438:457 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 3 51 theme barley 529:534 arg1 varieties 536:544 two barley varieties 525:544 two barley varieties 525:544 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 0 52 theme high-fat 117:124 arg1 diets 126:130 low- and high-fat diets 108:130 low- and high-fat diets 108:130 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 2 53 theme fiber 415:419 arg1 level 406:410 level 406:410 level 406:410 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 2 53 theme fiber 415:419 arg1 type 397:400 type 397:400 type 397:400 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 7 54 theme medium 1277:1282 arg1 This 1177:1180 This 1177:1180 This 1177:1180 This was particularly true for groups fed the highest level of β-glucans and in some cases also the medium level. 29202273 7 54 theme medium 1277:1282 arg1 level 1284:1288 the medium level 1273:1288 the medium level 1273:1288 This was particularly true for groups fed the highest level of β-glucans and in some cases also the medium level. 29202273 5 55 theme deoxycholic- 810:821 arg1 acids 841:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 55 theme deoxycholic- 810:821 arg1 BAs 791:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 55 theme deoxycholic- 810:821 arg1 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 55 theme deoxycholic- 810:821 arg1 amount 767:772 The amount 763:772 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids 763:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 55 theme deoxycholic- 810:821 arg1 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 55 theme deoxycholic- 810:821 arg1 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 0 56 theme fiber 35:39 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 0:131 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 8 57 from prevention/treatment 1420:1439 arg1 useful 1406:1411 useful 1406:1411 useful 1406:1411 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 8 57 from prevention/treatment 1420:1439 arg1 diet 1387:1390 the diet 1383:1390 the diet 1383:1390 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 2 58 from effect 428:433 arg1 composition 447:457 cecal BA composition 438:457 cecal BA composition 438:457 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 5 59 theme low-fat 945:951 arg1 P<.05 960:964 P<.05 960:964 P<.05 960:964 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 59 theme low-fat 945:951 arg1 diets 953:957 low-fat diets 945:957 low-fat diets (P<.05) 945:965 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 6 60 theme low-fat 1128:1134 arg1 diets 1136:1140 low-fat diets 1128:1140 low-fat diets 1128:1140 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 61 from times 1093:1097 arg1 groups 1117:1122 groups 1117:1122 groups fed low-fat diets 1117:1140 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 61 from times 1093:1097 arg1 contrast 971:978 contrast 971:978 contrast 971:978 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 6 61 from times 1093:1097 arg1 groups 1150:1155 groups 1150:1155 groups fed high-fat diets 1150:1174 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 4 62 theme fiber 690:694 arg1 microextraction 709:723 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction 683:723 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction 683:723 BAs were preconcentrated using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and quantified by gas chromatography. 29202273 2 63 theme low- 476:479 arg1 diets 494:498 low- and high-fat diets 476:498 low- and high-fat diets 476:498 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 3 64 theme test 571:574 arg1 diets 576:580 three test diets 565:580 three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber 565:649 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 4 65 theme hollow 683:688 arg1 microextraction 709:723 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction 683:723 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction 683:723 BAs were preconcentrated using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and quantified by gas chromatography. 29202273 2 66 contain had 421:423 arg2 effect 428:433 an effect 425:433 an effect on cecal BA composition 425:457 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 2 66 contain had 421:423 arg1 type 397:400 type 397:400 type 397:400 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 2 66 contain had 421:423 arg1 level 406:410 level 406:410 level 406:410 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 5 67 theme hyodexycholic 827:839 arg1 acids 841:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 8 68 theme diseases 1444:1451 arg1 prevention/treatment 1420:1439 the prevention/treatment 1416:1439 the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles 1416:1490 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 1 69 from changes 197:203 arg1 profiles 223:230 bile acid (BA) profiles 208:230 bile acid (BA) profiles 208:230 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 70 attach linked 187:192 arg1 changes 197:203 changes 197:203 changes 197:203 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 70 attach linked 187:192 arg2 obesity 146:152 Diet-induced obesity 133:152 Diet-induced obesity 133:152 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 70 attach linked 187:192 arg2 resistance 166:175 insulin resistance 158:175 insulin resistance 158:175 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 6 71 theme two 1081:1083 arg1 times 1093:1097 times 1093:1097 times 1093:1097 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 5 72 theme acids 841:845 arg1 acids 841:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 hyodexycholic acids 827:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 72 theme acids 841:845 arg1 BAs 791:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 the secondary BAs 777:793 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 72 theme acids 841:845 arg1 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 lithocholic- 796:807 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 72 theme acids 841:845 arg1 amount 767:772 The amount 763:772 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids 763:845 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 72 theme acids 841:845 arg1 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 higher 861:866 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 5 72 theme acids 841:845 arg1 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 deoxycholic- 810:821 The amount of the secondary BAs, lithocholic-, deoxycholic- and hyodexycholic acids was generally higher in groups fed high-fat diets compared with corresponding acids in groups fed low-fat diets (P<.05). 29202273 8 73 dep amount 1347:1352 arg1 the 1343:1345 the 1343:1345 the 1343:1345 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 0 74 theme content 54:60 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 0:131 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 3 75 theme rats 511:514 arg1 Groups 501:506 Groups 501:506 Groups of rats 501:514 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 3 75 theme rats 511:514 arg1 rats 511:514 rats 511:514 rats 511:514 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 3 76 contain containing 582:591 arg2 levels 627:632 two levels 623:632 two levels of dietary fiber 623:649 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 3 76 contain containing 582:591 arg1 diets 576:580 three test diets 565:580 three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber 565:649 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 3 76 contain containing 582:591 arg2 levels 599:604 three levels 593:604 three levels of β-glucans 593:617 Groups of rats were fed two barley varieties, which resulted in three test diets containing three levels of β-glucans and two levels of dietary fiber. 29202273 6 77 theme high-fat 1161:1168 arg1 diets 1170:1174 high-fat diets 1161:1174 high-fat diets 1161:1174 In contrast, most of the primary and the secondary BAs, ursodeoxycholic acid and β- and ω-muricholic acids, were two to five times higher (P<.05) in groups fed low-fat diets than in groups fed high-fat diets. 29202273 0 78 theme β-glucan 45:52 arg1 content 54:60 β-glucan content 45:60 β-glucan content 45:60 Effects of barley variety, dietary fiber and β-glucan content on bile acid composition in cecum of rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 2 79 theme study 360:364 arg1 objective 335:343 The objective 331:343 The objective of the present study 331:364 The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the type and level of fiber had an effect on cecal BA composition when included in low- and high-fat diets. 29202273 8 80 theme BA 1480:1481 arg1 profiles 1483:1490 BA profiles 1480:1490 BA profiles 1480:1490 The BA profile in the gut was strongly dependent on the amount and type of dietary fiber in the diet, which may be useful in the prevention/treatment of diseases associated with changes in BA profiles. 29202273 1 81 theme bile 208:211 arg1 BA 219:220 BA 219:220 BA 219:220 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 29202273 1 81 theme bile 208:211 arg1 acid 213:216 bile acid 208:216 bile acid (BA) profiles 208:230 Diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to changes in bile acid (BA) profiles, which in turn are highly dependent on the dietary composition and activity of the gut microbiota. 24978609 6 0 theme several 849:855 arg1 families 863:870 several novel families 849:870 several novel families 849:870 Recently, several novel families, also containing characteristic conserved regions, have been described. 24978609 10 1 theme diverse 1943:1949 arg1 chelicerate 2016:2026 a chelicerate 2014:2026 a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae) 2014:2048 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 10 1 theme diverse 1943:1949 arg1 proteomes 1961:1969 diverse arthropod proteomes 1943:1969 diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae) 1943:2048 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 10 1 theme diverse 1943:1949 arg1 crustacean 1983:1992 a crustacean 1981:1992 a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) 1981:2008 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 8 2 theme LC 1437:1438 arg1 each 1451:1454 each 1451:1454 each 1451:1454 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 2 theme LC 1437:1438 arg1 families 1441:1448 four of five low complexity (LC) families 1408:1448 four of five low complexity (LC) families 1408:1448 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 10 3 theme Daphnia 1995:2001 arg1 pulex 2003:2007 Daphnia pulex 1995:2007 Daphnia pulex 1995:2007 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 10 3 theme Daphnia 1995:2001 arg1 crustacean 1983:1992 a crustacean 1981:1992 a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) 1981:2008 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 7 4 dep http 968:971 arg1 //hmmer.janelia.org/ 973:992 //hmmer.janelia.org/ 973:992 http://hmmer.janelia.org/ 968:992 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 2 5 theme physical 268:275 arg1 properties 277:286 The physical properties 264:286 The physical properties of cuticle 264:297 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 9 6 theme putative 1861:1868 arg1 proteins 1891:1898 putative structural cuticular proteins 1861:1898 putative structural cuticular proteins 1861:1898 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 7 7 theme Hidden 1035:1040 arg1 Models 1049:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models 1013:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle) 1013:1172 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 8 8 dep CPF 1228:1230 arg1 region 1245:1250 a conserved region 1233:1250 a conserved region with 44 amino acids 1233:1270 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 4 9 theme R&R 633:635 arg1 region 637:642 the conserved R&R region 619:642 the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus) 619:675 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 9 10 theme cuticular 1881:1889 arg1 proteins 1891:1898 putative structural cuticular proteins 1861:1898 putative structural cuticular proteins 1861:1898 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 7 11 theme characteristic 1013:1026 arg1 Models 1049:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models 1013:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle) 1013:1172 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 8 12 theme characteristic 1461:1474 arg1 domains 1476:1482 characteristic domains 1461:1482 characteristic domains 1461:1482 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 13 dep having 1220:1225 arg1 be 1204:1205 be 1204:1205 can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains 1200:1482 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 1 14 from matrix 256:261 arg1 embedded 228:235 embedded 228:235 embedded 228:235 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 6 15 theme characteristic 889:902 arg1 regions 914:920 characteristic conserved regions 889:920 characteristic conserved regions 889:920 Recently, several novel families, also containing characteristic conserved regions, have been described. 24978609 0 16 theme Markov 133:138 arg1 models 140:145 profile hidden Markov models 118:145 profile hidden Markov models 118:145 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 10 17 theme taxonomic 2063:2071 arg1 distance 2073:2080 this taxonomic distance 2058:2080 this taxonomic distance 2058:2080 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 9 18 theme CutProtFam-Pred 1647:1661 arg1 tool 1675:1678 an on-line tool 1664:1678 an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) 1664:1730 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 1 19 from embedded 228:235 arg1 matrix 256:261 a proteinaceous matrix 240:261 a proteinaceous matrix 240:261 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 5 20 theme CPR 707:709 arg1 RR-1 718:721 the CPR family RR-1 703:721 the CPR family RR-1 703:721 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 5 21 theme cuticle 825:831 arg1 type 833:836 the cuticle type 821:836 the cuticle type 821:836 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 10 22 theme only 2082:2085 arg1 CPRs 2087:2090 only CPRs 2082:2090 only CPRs 2082:2090 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 0 23 from detection 17:25 arg1 sequence 93:100 sequence 93:100 sequence alone 93:106 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 5 24 theme RR-1 718:721 arg1 subfamilies 688:698 Two major subfamilies 678:698 Two major subfamilies 678:698 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 9 25 theme //bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred 1686:1729 arg1 http 1681:1684 http 1681:1684 http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred 1681:1729 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 5 26 theme major 682:686 arg1 subfamilies 688:698 Two major subfamilies 678:698 Two major subfamilies 678:698 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 4 27 dep Rebers 645:650 arg1 Consensus 666:674 Consensus 666:674 Rebers and Riddiford Consensus 645:674 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 4 28 dep region 637:642 arg1 Rebers 645:650 Rebers 645:650 Rebers 645:650 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 4 28 dep region 637:642 arg1 Riddiford 656:664 Riddiford 656:664 Riddiford 656:664 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 0 29 from classification 31:44 arg1 sequence 93:100 sequence 93:100 sequence alone 93:106 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 2 30 theme major 363:367 arg1 components 369:378 two major components 359:378 its two major components 355:378 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 7 31 theme families 1107:1114 arg1 8 1096:1096 8 1096:1096 8 1096:1096 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 31 theme families 1107:1114 arg1 families 1107:1114 these families 1101:1114 these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle) 1101:1172 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 8 32 theme conserved 1235:1243 arg1 region 1245:1250 a conserved region 1233:1250 a conserved region with 44 amino acids 1233:1270 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 2 33 theme proteins 391:398 arg1 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 2 33 theme proteins 391:398 arg1 interactions 339:350 the interactions 335:350 the interactions 335:350 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 5 34 theme RR-2 727:730 arg1 subfamilies 688:698 Two major subfamilies 678:698 Two major subfamilies 678:698 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 8 35 dep CPAP-3 1284:1289 arg1 analogous 1292:1300 analogous 1292:1300 analogous 1292:1300 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 9 36 theme major 1558:1562 arg1 RR-1 1595:1598 RR-1 1595:1598 RR-1 1595:1598 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 9 36 theme major 1558:1562 arg1 RR-2 1604:1607 RR-2 1604:1607 RR-2 1604:1607 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 9 36 theme major 1558:1562 arg1 subfamilies 1564:1574 the two major subfamilies 1550:1574 the two major subfamilies of the CPR family 1550:1592 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 5 37 with correlation 804:814 arg1 type 833:836 the cuticle type 821:836 the cuticle type 821:836 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 0 38 theme cuticular 69:77 arg1 proteins 79:86 putative structural cuticular proteins 49:86 putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone 49:106 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 3 39 theme structural 462:471 arg1 proteins 483:490 structural cuticular proteins 462:490 structural cuticular proteins 462:490 The proteinaceous matrix consists mainly of structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 7 40 theme characteristic 1069:1082 arg1 regions 1084:1090 the characteristic regions 1065:1090 the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle) 1065:1172 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 4 41 theme structural 513:522 arg1 proteins 524:531 the structural proteins 509:531 the structural proteins that have been described to date 509:564 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 8 42 theme amino 1260:1264 arg1 acids 1266:1270 44 amino acids 1257:1270 44 amino acids 1257:1270 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 9 43 theme CPR 1583:1585 arg1 family 1587:1592 the CPR family 1579:1592 the CPR family 1579:1592 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 8 44 theme C-x 1385:1387 arg1 repeats 1394:1400 2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats 1378:1400 2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats 1378:1400 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 44 theme C-x 1385:1387 arg1 CPCFC 1371:1375 CPCFC 1371:1375 CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats) 1371:1401 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 3 45 theme proteinaceous 422:434 arg1 matrix 436:441 The proteinaceous matrix 418:441 The proteinaceous matrix 418:441 The proteinaceous matrix consists mainly of structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 6 46 theme novel 857:861 arg1 families 863:870 several novel families 849:870 several novel families 849:870 Recently, several novel families, also containing characteristic conserved regions, have been described. 24978609 9 47 theme accurate 1820:1827 arg1 detection 1829:1837 accurate detection 1820:1837 accurate detection 1820:1837 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 8 48 with analogous 1292:1300 arg1 domains 1347:1353 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains 1324:1353 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains 1324:1353 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 49 theme low 1421:1423 arg1 each 1451:1454 each 1451:1454 each 1451:1454 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 49 theme low 1421:1423 arg1 families 1441:1448 four of five low complexity (LC) families 1408:1448 four of five low complexity (LC) families 1408:1448 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 50 theme -C 1391:1392 arg1 repeats 1394:1400 2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats 1378:1400 2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats 1378:1400 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 50 theme -C 1391:1392 arg1 CPCFC 1371:1375 CPCFC 1371:1375 CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats) 1371:1401 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 7 51 theme Markov 1042:1047 arg1 Models 1049:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models 1013:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle) 1013:1172 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 1 52 theme proteinaceous 242:254 arg1 matrix 256:261 a proteinaceous matrix 240:261 a proteinaceous matrix 240:261 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 7 53 theme profile 1028:1033 arg1 Models 1049:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models 1013:1054 characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle) 1013:1172 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 0 54 theme putative 49:56 arg1 proteins 79:86 putative structural cuticular proteins 49:86 putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone 49:106 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 9 55 theme structural 1870:1879 arg1 proteins 1891:1898 putative structural cuticular proteins 1861:1898 putative structural cuticular proteins 1861:1898 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 1 56 theme composite 175:183 arg1 system 196:201 a composite, bipartite system 173:201 system 196:201 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 1 56 theme composite 175:183 arg1 cuticle 162:168 The arthropod cuticle 148:168 The arthropod cuticle 148:168 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 9 57 dep detection 1829:1837 arg1 the 1816:1818 the 1816:1818 the 1816:1818 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 4 58 theme conserved 623:631 arg1 region 637:642 the conserved R&R region 619:642 the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus) 619:675 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 9 59 theme proteins 1891:1898 arg1 detection 1829:1837 accurate detection 1820:1837 accurate detection 1820:1837 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 9 59 theme proteins 1891:1898 arg1 classification 1843:1856 classification 1843:1856 classification 1843:1856 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 0 60 theme hidden 126:131 arg1 models 140:145 profile hidden Markov models 118:145 profile hidden Markov models 118:145 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 2 61 theme cuticle 291:297 arg1 properties 277:286 The physical properties 264:286 The physical properties of cuticle 264:297 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 1 62 theme bipartite 186:194 arg1 system 196:201 a composite, bipartite system 173:201 system 196:201 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 1 62 theme bipartite 186:194 arg1 cuticle 162:168 The arthropod cuticle 148:168 The arthropod cuticle 148:168 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 7 63 used used 999:1002 arg2 HMMER 956:960 The package HMMER v3.0 944:965 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) 944:993 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 6 64 theme conserved 904:912 arg1 regions 914:920 characteristic conserved regions 889:920 characteristic conserved regions 889:920 Recently, several novel families, also containing characteristic conserved regions, have been described. 24978609 0 65 from sequence 93:100 arg1 detection 17:25 detection 17:25 detection 17:25 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 0 65 from sequence 93:100 arg1 proteins 79:86 putative structural cuticular proteins 49:86 putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone 49:106 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 0 65 from sequence 93:100 arg1 classification 31:44 classification 31:44 classification 31:44 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 9 66 dep tool 1675:1678 arg1 http 1681:1684 http 1681:1684 http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred 1681:1729 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 5 67 theme sequence 780:787 arg1 level 789:793 sequence level 780:793 sequence level 780:793 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 8 68 with region 1245:1250 arg1 acids 1266:1270 44 amino acids 1257:1270 44 amino acids 1257:1270 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 9 69 from transcriptomes 1796:1809 arg1 sequences 1757:1765 sequences 1757:1765 sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes 1757:1809 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 7 70 theme package 948:954 arg1 HMMER 956:960 The package HMMER v3.0 944:965 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) 944:993 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 9 71 theme on-line 1667:1673 arg1 tool 1675:1678 an on-line tool 1664:1678 an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) 1664:1730 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 0 72 theme proteins 79:86 arg1 detection 17:25 detection 17:25 detection 17:25 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 0 72 theme proteins 79:86 arg1 classification 31:44 classification 31:44 classification 31:44 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 10 73 dep chelicerate 2016:2026 arg1 urticae 2041:2047 Tetranychus urticae 2029:2047 Tetranychus urticae 2029:2047 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 5 74 theme family 711:716 arg1 RR-1 718:721 the CPR family RR-1 703:721 the CPR family RR-1 703:721 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 1 75 theme arthropod 152:160 arg1 system 196:201 a composite, bipartite system 173:201 system 196:201 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 1 75 theme arthropod 152:160 arg1 cuticle 162:168 The arthropod cuticle 148:168 The arthropod cuticle 148:168 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 0 76 theme profile 118:124 arg1 models 140:145 profile hidden Markov models 118:145 profile hidden Markov models 118:145 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 10 77 theme arthropod 1951:1959 arg1 chelicerate 2016:2026 a chelicerate 2014:2026 a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae) 2014:2048 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 10 77 theme arthropod 1951:1959 arg1 proteomes 1961:1969 diverse arthropod proteomes 1943:1969 diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae) 1943:2048 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 10 77 theme arthropod 1951:1959 arg1 crustacean 1983:1992 a crustacean 1981:1992 a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) 1981:2008 The tool has been applied successfully to diverse arthropod proteomes including a crustacean (Daphnia pulex) and a chelicerate (Tetranychus urticae), but at this taxonomic distance only CPRs and CPAPs were recovered. 24978609 9 78 from proteomes 1772:1780 arg1 sequences 1757:1765 sequences 1757:1765 sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes 1757:1809 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 8 79 theme chitin-binding 1332:1345 arg1 domains 1347:1353 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains 1324:1353 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains 1324:1353 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 CPF 1118:1120 CPF 1118:1120 CPF 1118:1120 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 CPCFC 1137:1141 CPCFC 1137:1141 CPCFC 1137:1141 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 CPLCA 1144:1148 CPLCA 1144:1148 CPLCA 1144:1148 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 Tweedle 1165:1171 Tweedle 1165:1171 Tweedle 1165:1171 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 CPAP3 1123:1127 CPAP3 1123:1127 CPAP3 1123:1127 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 CPAP1 1130:1134 CPAP1 1130:1134 CPAP1 1130:1134 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 80 dep families 1107:1114 arg1 CPLCG 1151:1155 CPLCG 1151:1155 CPLCG 1151:1155 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 7 81 dep HMMER 956:960 arg1 http 968:971 http 968:971 http://hmmer.janelia.org/ 968:992 The package HMMER v3.0 (http://hmmer.janelia.org/) was used to build characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models based on the characteristic regions for 8 of these families, (CPF, CPAP3, CPAP1, CPCFC, CPLCA, CPLCG, CPLCW, Tweedle). 24978609 2 82 theme components 369:378 arg1 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 2 82 theme components 369:378 arg1 interactions 339:350 the interactions 335:350 the interactions 335:350 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 2 83 theme chitin 410:415 arg1 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 2 83 theme chitin 410:415 arg1 interactions 339:350 the interactions 335:350 the interactions 335:350 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 5 84 with level 789:793 arg1 type 833:836 the cuticle type 821:836 the cuticle type 821:836 Two major subfamilies of the CPR family RR-1 and RR-2, have also been identified from conservation at sequence level and some correlation with the cuticle type. 24978609 2 85 dep structure 321:329 arg1 the 317:319 the 317:319 the 317:319 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 2 86 theme cuticular 381:389 arg1 proteins 391:398 cuticular proteins 381:398 cuticular proteins (CPs) 381:404 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 2 86 theme cuticular 381:389 arg1 CPs 401:403 CPs 401:403 CPs 401:403 The physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (CPs) and chitin. 24978609 0 87 theme structural 58:67 arg1 proteins 79:86 putative structural cuticular proteins 49:86 putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone 49:106 CutProtFam-Pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden Markov models. 24978609 4 88 theme proteins 524:531 arg1 majority 497:504 The majority 493:504 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date 493:564 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 9 89 theme translated 1785:1794 arg1 transcriptomes 1796:1809 translated transcriptomes 1785:1809 translated transcriptomes 1785:1809 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 3 90 theme cuticular 473:481 arg1 proteins 483:490 structural cuticular proteins 462:490 structural cuticular proteins 462:490 The proteinaceous matrix consists mainly of structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 4 91 theme CPR 580:582 arg1 family 584:589 the CPR family 576:589 the CPR family 576:589 The majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the CPR family, and they are identified by the conserved R&R region (Rebers and Riddiford Consensus). 24978609 1 92 theme chitin 212:217 arg1 filaments 219:226 chitin filaments 212:226 chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix 212:261 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24978609 9 93 theme family 1587:1592 arg1 RR-1 1595:1598 RR-1 1595:1598 RR-1 1595:1598 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 9 93 theme family 1587:1592 arg1 RR-2 1604:1607 RR-2 1604:1607 RR-2 1604:1607 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 9 93 theme family 1587:1592 arg1 subfamilies 1564:1574 the two major subfamilies 1550:1574 the two major subfamilies of the CPR family 1550:1592 Using these models, as well as the models previously created for the two major subfamilies of the CPR family, RR-1 and RR-2 (Karouzou et al., 2007), we developed CutProtFam-Pred, an on-line tool (http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/CutProtFam-Pred) that allows one to query sequences from proteomes or translated transcriptomes, for the accurate detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins. 24978609 6 94 contain containing 878:887 arg1 families 863:870 several novel families 849:870 several novel families 849:870 Recently, several novel families, also containing characteristic conserved regions, have been described. 24978609 6 94 contain containing 878:887 arg2 regions 914:920 characteristic conserved regions 889:920 characteristic conserved regions 889:920 Recently, several novel families, also containing characteristic conserved regions, have been described. 24978609 8 95 theme complexity 1425:1434 arg1 each 1451:1454 each 1451:1454 each 1451:1454 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 8 95 theme complexity 1425:1434 arg1 families 1441:1448 four of five low complexity (LC) families 1408:1448 four of five low complexity (LC) families 1408:1448 In brief, these families can be described as having: CPF (a conserved region with 44 amino acids); CPAP1 and CPAP-3 (analogous to peritrophins, with 1 and 3 chitin-binding domains, respectively); CPCFC (2 or 3 C-x(5)-C repeats); and four of five low complexity (LC) families, each with characteristic domains. 24978609 1 96 theme embedded 228:235 arg1 filaments 219:226 chitin filaments 212:226 chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix 212:261 The arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. 24708968 7 0 theme water 1278:1282 arg1 infiltration 1284:1295 fast water infiltration 1273:1295 fast water infiltration 1273:1295 Additionally, the formation of aligned micropores achieved fast water infiltration, which is beneficial for superabsorbent applications. 24708968 4 1 theme in 749:750 arg1 photopolymerization 757:775 in situ photopolymerization 749:775 in situ photopolymerization 749:775 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 6 2 theme micropores 1052:1061 arg1 introduction 1024:1035 The introduction 1020:1035 The introduction of directional micropores 1020:1061 The introduction of directional micropores increased the swelling ratio below the transition and decreased the swelling ratio above the transition, thereby also enhancing the volume transition. 24708968 0 3 theme micropores 87:96 arg1 combination 43:53 combination 43:53 combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores 43:96 Superporous thermo-responsive hydrogels by combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores. 24708968 9 4 theme micropores 1545:1554 arg1 combination 1495:1505 This combination 1490:1505 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores 1490:1554 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 5 5 theme volume 938:943 arg1 transition 945:954 volume transition 938:954 volume transition 938:954 The introduction of MFC distinctly enhanced volume transition, mainly by decreasing the swelling ratios above the transition. 24708968 1 6 theme volume 168:173 arg1 characteristics 186:200 volume transition characteristics 168:200 volume transition characteristics 168:200 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 6 7 theme directional 1040:1050 arg1 micropores 1052:1061 directional micropores 1040:1061 directional micropores 1040:1061 The introduction of directional micropores increased the swelling ratio below the transition and decreased the swelling ratio above the transition, thereby also enhancing the volume transition. 24708968 4 8 theme gel 839:841 arg1 networks 843:850 the gel networks 835:850 the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) 835:891 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 9 used used 781:784 arg2 photopolymerization 757:775 in situ photopolymerization 749:775 in situ photopolymerization 749:775 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 10 dep in 749:750 arg1 situ 752:755 situ 752:755 situ 752:755 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 6 11 theme volume 1195:1200 arg1 transition 1202:1211 the volume transition 1191:1211 the volume transition 1191:1211 The introduction of directional micropores increased the swelling ratio below the transition and decreased the swelling ratio above the transition, thereby also enhancing the volume transition. 24708968 7 12 theme fast 1273:1276 arg1 infiltration 1284:1295 fast water infiltration 1273:1295 fast water infiltration 1273:1295 Additionally, the formation of aligned micropores achieved fast water infiltration, which is beneficial for superabsorbent applications. 24708968 9 13 theme stimuli-responsive 1599:1616 arg1 hydrogels 1630:1638 stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels 1599:1638 stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels 1599:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 2 14 theme structures 330:339 arg1 architecting 301:312 unrestricted architecting 288:312 unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures 288:339 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 9 15 theme crystalline 1510:1520 arg1 nanofibers 1522:1531 crystalline nanofibers 1510:1531 crystalline nanofibers 1510:1531 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 3 16 theme microstructures 519:533 arg1 combination 485:495 a combination 483:495 a combination of nanostructures and microstructures 483:533 Herein, a combination of nanostructures and microstructures was developed to construct superporous hydrogels. 24708968 7 17 theme aligned 1245:1251 arg1 micropores 1253:1262 aligned micropores 1245:1262 aligned micropores 1245:1262 Additionally, the formation of aligned micropores achieved fast water infiltration, which is beneficial for superabsorbent applications. 24708968 2 18 theme wide 382:385 arg1 range 387:391 a wide range 380:391 a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties 380:429 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 9 19 theme great 1560:1564 arg1 potential 1566:1574 great potential 1560:1574 great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels 1560:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 2 20 theme hierarchical 317:328 arg1 structures 330:339 hierarchical structures 317:339 hierarchical structures 317:339 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 9 21 theme aligned 1537:1543 arg1 micropores 1545:1554 aligned micropores 1537:1554 aligned micropores 1537:1554 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 1 22 theme transition 175:184 arg1 characteristics 186:200 volume transition characteristics 168:200 volume transition characteristics 168:200 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 7 23 theme micropores 1253:1262 arg1 formation 1232:1240 the formation 1228:1240 the formation of aligned micropores 1228:1262 Additionally, the formation of aligned micropores achieved fast water infiltration, which is beneficial for superabsorbent applications. 24708968 8 24 theme elastic 1402:1408 arg1 modulus 1410:1416 the elastic modulus 1398:1416 the elastic modulus 1398:1416 The introduction of aligned micropores reduced the elastic modulus, but this could partially be compensated for by reinforcement with MFC. 24708968 8 25 theme aligned 1371:1377 arg1 micropores 1379:1388 aligned micropores 1371:1388 aligned micropores 1371:1388 The introduction of aligned micropores reduced the elastic modulus, but this could partially be compensated for by reinforcement with MFC. 24708968 1 26 theme characteristics 186:200 arg1 subject 276:282 an important subject 263:282 an important subject 263:282 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 1 26 theme characteristics 186:200 arg1 engineering 149:159 simultaneous engineering 136:159 simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels 136:258 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 2 27 theme properties 420:429 arg1 range 387:391 a wide range 380:391 a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties 380:429 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 0 28 theme Superporous 0:10 arg1 thermo-responsive 12:28 Superporous thermo-responsive 0:28 Superporous thermo-responsive 0:28 Superporous thermo-responsive hydrogels by combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores. 24708968 9 29 contain has 1556:1558 arg1 combination 1495:1505 This combination 1490:1505 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores 1490:1554 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 9 29 contain has 1556:1558 arg2 potential 1566:1574 great potential 1560:1574 great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels 1560:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 5 30 theme swelling 982:989 arg1 ratios 991:996 the swelling ratios 978:996 the swelling ratios above the transition 978:1017 The introduction of MFC distinctly enhanced volume transition, mainly by decreasing the swelling ratios above the transition. 24708968 1 31 theme mechanical 206:215 arg1 properties 217:226 mechanical properties 206:226 mechanical properties 206:226 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 4 32 theme cellulose 612:620 arg1 Fibers 585:590 Fibers 585:590 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, 585:665 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 32 theme cellulose 612:620 arg1 nanostructures 680:693 nanostructures 680:693 nanostructures 680:693 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 8 33 theme micropores 1379:1388 arg1 introduction 1355:1366 The introduction 1351:1366 The introduction of aligned micropores 1351:1388 The introduction of aligned micropores reduced the elastic modulus, but this could partially be compensated for by reinforcement with MFC. 24708968 1 34 theme properties 217:226 arg1 subject 276:282 an important subject 263:282 an important subject 263:282 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 1 34 theme properties 217:226 arg1 engineering 149:159 simultaneous engineering 136:159 simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels 136:258 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 2 35 theme hydrogels 464:472 arg1 limits 443:448 the limits 439:448 the limits of artificial hydrogels 439:472 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 9 36 theme superporous 1618:1628 arg1 hydrogels 1630:1638 stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels 1599:1638 stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels 1599:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 4 37 used used 672:675 arg2 nanostructures 680:693 nanostructures 680:693 nanostructures 680:693 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 37 used used 672:675 arg2 Fibers 585:590 Fibers 585:590 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, 585:665 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 2 38 theme natural 342:348 arg1 hydrogels 350:358 natural hydrogels 342:358 natural hydrogels 342:358 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 9 39 theme current 1654:1660 arg1 hydrogels 1673:1681 current artificial hydrogels 1654:1681 current artificial hydrogels 1654:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 3 40 theme nanostructures 500:513 arg1 combination 485:495 a combination 483:495 a combination of nanostructures and microstructures 483:533 Herein, a combination of nanostructures and microstructures was developed to construct superporous hydrogels. 24708968 8 41 with reinforcement 1466:1478 arg1 MFC 1485:1487 MFC 1485:1487 MFC 1485:1487 The introduction of aligned micropores reduced the elastic modulus, but this could partially be compensated for by reinforcement with MFC. 24708968 4 42 theme aligned 696:702 arg1 microstructures 728:742 microstructures 728:742 microstructures 728:742 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 42 theme aligned 696:702 arg1 micropores 704:713 aligned micropores 696:713 aligned micropores 696:713 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 43 theme N-isopropyl 860:870 arg1 poly 855:858 poly 855:858 poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) 855:891 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 43 theme N-isopropyl 860:870 arg1 acrylamide 872:881 N-isopropyl acrylamide 860:881 N-isopropyl acrylamide 860:881 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 2 44 theme mechanical 409:418 arg1 properties 420:429 mechanical properties 409:429 mechanical properties 409:429 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 1 45 theme stimuli-responsive 231:248 arg1 hydrogels 250:258 stimuli-responsive hydrogels 231:258 stimuli-responsive hydrogels 231:258 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 9 46 theme nanofibers 1522:1531 arg1 combination 1495:1505 This combination 1490:1505 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores 1490:1554 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 4 47 used used 720:723 arg2 microstructures 728:742 microstructures 728:742 microstructures 728:742 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 47 used used 720:723 arg2 micropores 704:713 aligned micropores 696:713 aligned micropores 696:713 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 1 48 theme hydrogels 250:258 arg1 characteristics 186:200 volume transition characteristics 168:200 volume transition characteristics 168:200 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 1 48 theme hydrogels 250:258 arg1 properties 217:226 mechanical properties 206:226 mechanical properties 206:226 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 0 49 theme fibers 68:73 arg1 combination 43:53 combination 43:53 combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores 43:96 Superporous thermo-responsive hydrogels by combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores. 24708968 1 50 theme artificial 114:123 arg1 hydrogels 125:133 artificial hydrogels 114:133 artificial hydrogels 114:133 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 0 51 theme cellulose 58:66 arg1 fibers 68:73 cellulose fibers 58:73 cellulose fibers 58:73 Superporous thermo-responsive hydrogels by combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores. 24708968 4 52 theme microfibrillated 595:610 arg1 eco-friendly 632:643 an eco-friendly 629:643 an eco-friendly reinforcing material 629:664 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 52 theme microfibrillated 595:610 arg1 MFC 623:625 MFC 623:625 MFC 623:625 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 4 52 theme microfibrillated 595:610 arg1 cellulose 612:620 microfibrillated cellulose 595:620 microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 595:626 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 1 53 from subject 276:282 arg1 area 106:109 the area 102:109 the area of artificial hydrogels 102:133 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 9 54 theme artificial 1662:1671 arg1 hydrogels 1673:1681 current artificial hydrogels 1654:1681 current artificial hydrogels 1654:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 1 55 dep characteristics 186:200 arg1 the 164:166 the 164:166 the 164:166 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 1 56 theme hydrogels 125:133 arg1 area 106:109 the area 102:109 the area of artificial hydrogels 102:133 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 7 57 theme superabsorbent 1322:1335 arg1 applications 1337:1348 superabsorbent applications 1322:1348 superabsorbent applications 1322:1348 Additionally, the formation of aligned micropores achieved fast water infiltration, which is beneficial for superabsorbent applications. 24708968 9 58 theme hydrogels 1630:1638 arg1 development 1584:1594 the development 1580:1594 the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels 1580:1681 This combination of crystalline nanofibers and aligned micropores has great potential for the development of stimuli-responsive superporous hydrogels outperforming current artificial hydrogels. 24708968 5 59 theme MFC 914:916 arg1 introduction 898:909 The introduction 894:909 The introduction of MFC 894:916 The introduction of MFC distinctly enhanced volume transition, mainly by decreasing the swelling ratios above the transition. 24708968 2 60 theme unrestricted 288:299 arg1 architecting 301:312 unrestricted architecting 288:312 unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures 288:339 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 1 61 theme simultaneous 136:147 arg1 subject 276:282 an important subject 263:282 an important subject 263:282 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 1 61 theme simultaneous 136:147 arg1 engineering 149:159 simultaneous engineering 136:159 simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels 136:258 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 6 62 theme swelling 1077:1084 arg1 ratio 1086:1090 the swelling ratio 1073:1090 the swelling ratio 1073:1090 The introduction of directional micropores increased the swelling ratio below the transition and decreased the swelling ratio above the transition, thereby also enhancing the volume transition. 24708968 0 63 theme aligned 79:85 arg1 micropores 87:96 aligned micropores 79:96 aligned micropores 79:96 Superporous thermo-responsive hydrogels by combination of cellulose fibers and aligned micropores. 24708968 4 64 theme poly 855:858 arg1 networks 843:850 the gel networks 835:850 the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) 835:891 Fibers of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), an eco-friendly reinforcing material, were used as nanostructures, aligned micropores were used as microstructures, and in situ photopolymerization was used to immobilize the two structures together within the gel networks of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). 24708968 2 65 theme artificial 453:462 arg1 hydrogels 464:472 artificial hydrogels 453:472 artificial hydrogels 453:472 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 24708968 3 66 theme superporous 562:572 arg1 hydrogels 574:582 superporous hydrogels 562:582 superporous hydrogels 562:582 Herein, a combination of nanostructures and microstructures was developed to construct superporous hydrogels. 24708968 6 67 theme swelling 1131:1138 arg1 ratio 1140:1144 the swelling ratio 1127:1144 the swelling ratio 1127:1144 The introduction of directional micropores increased the swelling ratio below the transition and decreased the swelling ratio above the transition, thereby also enhancing the volume transition. 24708968 1 68 theme important 266:274 arg1 subject 276:282 an important subject 263:282 an important subject 263:282 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 1 68 theme important 266:274 arg1 engineering 149:159 simultaneous engineering 136:159 simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels 136:258 In the area of artificial hydrogels, simultaneous engineering of the volume transition characteristics and mechanical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is an important subject. 24708968 2 69 theme swelling 396:403 arg1 range 387:391 a wide range 380:391 a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties 380:429 By unrestricted architecting of hierarchical structures, natural hydrogels are able to provide a wide range of swelling and mechanical properties, beyond the limits of artificial hydrogels. 26717508 0 0 theme hydrogels 93:101 arg1 applications 44:55 Ibuprofen delivery applications 25:55 Ibuprofen delivery applications 25:55 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 0 0 theme hydrogels 93:101 arg1 behavior 12:19 Rheological behavior 0:19 Rheological behavior 0:19 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 8 1 theme composite 1133:1141 arg1 hydrogels 1152:1160 three composite alginate hydrogels 1127:1160 three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions 1127:1196 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 1 2 with alginate 178:185 arg1 cyclodextrin 229:240 cyclodextrin 229:240 cyclodextrin 229:240 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 2 3 theme encapsulation 394:406 arg1 capability 408:417 drug encapsulation capability 389:417 drug encapsulation capability 389:417 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 1 4 theme different 274:282 arg1 values 287:292 different pH values 274:292 different pH values 274:292 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 0 5 theme alginate 84:91 arg1 hydrogels 93:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 2 6 theme drug 389:392 arg1 capability 408:417 drug encapsulation capability 389:417 drug encapsulation capability 389:417 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 2 7 from variations 351:360 arg1 properties 377:386 rheological properties 365:386 rheological properties 365:386 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 2 7 from variations 351:360 arg1 capability 408:417 drug encapsulation capability 389:417 drug encapsulation capability 389:417 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 2 7 from variations 351:360 arg1 kinetics 431:438 release kinetics 423:438 release kinetics 423:438 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 1 8 theme pH 284:285 arg1 values 287:292 different pH values 274:292 different pH values 274:292 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 8 9 theme hydrogels 1152:1160 arg1 responsiveness 1109:1122 the pH responsiveness 1102:1122 the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions 1102:1196 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 4 10 theme encapsulation 619:631 arg1 capacity 633:640 their Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 603:640 their Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 603:640 Further, their Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity is low and releases it slowly. 26717508 8 11 theme alginate 1143:1150 arg1 hydrogels 1152:1160 three composite alginate hydrogels 1127:1160 three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions 1127:1196 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 3 12 contain have 501:504 arg2 strength 519:526 high tensile strength 506:526 high tensile strength 506:526 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 3 12 contain have 501:504 arg1 hydrogels 445:453 The hydrogels 441:453 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) 441:481 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 3 12 contain have 501:504 arg1 elastic 492:498 elastic 492:498 elastic 492:498 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 4 13 theme Ibuprofen 609:617 arg1 capacity 633:640 their Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 603:640 their Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 603:640 Further, their Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity is low and releases it slowly. 26717508 1 14 theme polyethylene 188:199 arg1 oxide 201:205 polyethylene oxide 188:205 polyethylene oxide 188:205 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 7 15 from change 1027:1032 arg1 temperature 1037:1047 temperature 1037:1047 temperature 1037:1047 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 6 16 theme release 908:914 arg1 kinetics 916:923 optimum drug release kinetics 895:923 optimum drug release kinetics 895:923 It shows highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity and also optimum drug release kinetics. 26717508 7 17 theme release 1067:1073 arg1 rate 1075:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 18 contain has 986:988 arg1 viscous 977:983 viscous 977:983 viscous 977:983 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 18 contain has 986:988 arg2 strength 1002:1009 low tensile strength 990:1009 low tensile strength 990:1009 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 18 contain has 986:988 arg1 hydrogel 930:937 The hydrogel 926:937 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) 926:967 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 18 contain has 986:988 arg1 unstable 1015:1022 unstable 1015:1022 unstable 1015:1022 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 0 19 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 behavior 12:19 Rheological behavior 0:19 Rheological behavior 0:19 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 2 20 theme significant 339:349 arg1 variations 351:360 significant variations 339:360 significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics 339:438 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 7 21 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 viscous 977:983 viscous 977:983 viscous 977:983 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 21 contain has 1053:1055 arg2 rate 1075:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 21 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 hydrogel 930:937 The hydrogel 926:937 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) 926:967 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 21 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 unstable 1015:1022 unstable 1015:1022 unstable 1015:1022 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 2 22 theme release 423:429 arg1 kinetics 431:438 release kinetics 423:438 release kinetics 423:438 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 0 23 theme Ibuprofen 25:33 arg1 applications 44:55 Ibuprofen delivery applications 25:55 Ibuprofen delivery applications 25:55 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 7 24 theme fast 1057:1060 arg1 rate 1075:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 25 theme drug 1062:1065 arg1 rate 1075:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 fast drug release rate 1057:1078 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 6 26 theme drug 903:906 arg1 kinetics 916:923 optimum drug release kinetics 895:923 optimum drug release kinetics 895:923 It shows highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity and also optimum drug release kinetics. 26717508 1 27 theme structural 118:127 arg1 characterization 129:144 structural characterization 118:144 structural characterization 118:144 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 1 28 with acid 219:222 arg1 cyclodextrin 229:240 cyclodextrin 229:240 cyclodextrin 229:240 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 6 29 theme optimum 895:901 arg1 kinetics 916:923 optimum drug release kinetics 895:923 optimum drug release kinetics 895:923 It shows highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity and also optimum drug release kinetics. 26717508 1 30 theme acrylic 211:217 arg1 acid 219:222 acrylic acid 211:222 acrylic acid 211:222 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 0 31 theme delivery 35:42 arg1 applications 44:55 Ibuprofen delivery applications 25:55 Ibuprofen delivery applications 25:55 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 3 32 theme lower 467:471 arg1 pH 477:478 pH 1 477:480 pH 1 477:480 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 3 32 theme lower 467:471 arg1 pH 473:474 lower pH 467:474 lower pH (pH 1) 467:481 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 0 33 theme pH 60:61 arg1 hydrogels 93:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 5 34 theme neutral 698:704 arg1 pH 710:711 pH 7 710:713 pH 7 710:713 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) is viscoelastic, thermo-reversible and also exhibits sol-gel transition on applying frequency and changing temperature. 26717508 5 34 theme neutral 698:704 arg1 pH 706:707 neutral pH 698:707 neutral pH (pH 7) 698:714 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) is viscoelastic, thermo-reversible and also exhibits sol-gel transition on applying frequency and changing temperature. 26717508 5 35 theme sol-gel 769:775 arg1 transition 777:786 sol-gel transition 769:786 sol-gel transition 769:786 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) is viscoelastic, thermo-reversible and also exhibits sol-gel transition on applying frequency and changing temperature. 26717508 3 36 theme high 506:509 arg1 strength 519:526 high tensile strength 506:526 high tensile strength 506:526 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 8 37 theme drug 1216:1219 arg1 applications 1230:1241 drug delivery applications 1216:1241 drug delivery applications 1216:1241 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 3 38 theme tensile 511:517 arg1 strength 519:526 high tensile strength 506:526 high tensile strength 506:526 The hydrogels prepared at lower pH (pH 1) are more elastic, have high tensile strength and remain almost unaffected by varying temperature or frequency. 26717508 8 39 theme pH 1106:1107 arg1 responsiveness 1109:1122 the pH responsiveness 1102:1122 the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions 1102:1196 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 6 40 theme encapsulation 863:875 arg1 capacity 877:884 highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 845:884 highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 845:884 It shows highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity and also optimum drug release kinetics. 26717508 1 41 theme hydrogels 149:157 arg1 Synthesis 104:112 Synthesis 104:112 Synthesis 104:112 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 1 41 theme hydrogels 149:157 arg1 characterization 129:144 structural characterization 118:144 structural characterization 118:144 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 7 42 theme higher 951:956 arg1 pH 962:963 pH 12 962:966 pH 12 962:966 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 7 42 theme higher 951:956 arg1 pH 958:959 higher pH 951:959 higher pH (pH 12) 951:967 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 1 43 with oxide 201:205 arg1 cyclodextrin 229:240 cyclodextrin 229:240 cyclodextrin 229:240 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 6 44 theme Ibuprofen 853:861 arg1 capacity 877:884 highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 845:884 highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 845:884 It shows highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity and also optimum drug release kinetics. 26717508 8 45 theme different 1177:1185 arg1 conditions 1187:1196 different conditions 1177:1196 different conditions 1177:1196 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 7 46 theme low 990:992 arg1 strength 1002:1009 low tensile strength 990:1009 low tensile strength 990:1009 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 8 47 theme delivery 1221:1228 arg1 applications 1230:1241 drug delivery applications 1216:1241 drug delivery applications 1216:1241 The study highlights the pH responsiveness of three composite alginate hydrogels prepared under different conditions to be employed in drug delivery applications. 26717508 2 48 theme rheological 365:375 arg1 properties 377:386 rheological properties 365:386 rheological properties 365:386 The hydrogels synthesized show significant variations in rheological properties, drug encapsulation capability and release kinetics. 26717508 0 49 theme composite 74:82 arg1 hydrogels 93:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 6 50 theme highest 845:851 arg1 capacity 877:884 highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 845:884 highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity 845:884 It shows highest Ibuprofen encapsulation capacity and also optimum drug release kinetics. 26717508 7 51 theme tensile 994:1000 arg1 strength 1002:1009 low tensile strength 990:1009 low tensile strength 990:1009 The hydrogel prepared at higher pH (pH 12) is more viscous, has low tensile strength, is unstable to change in temperature and has fast drug release rate. 26717508 0 52 theme responsive 63:72 arg1 hydrogels 93:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels 60:101 Rheological behavior and Ibuprofen delivery applications of pH responsive composite alginate hydrogels. 26717508 1 53 theme sodium 171:176 arg1 alginate 178:185 sodium alginate 171:185 sodium alginate 171:185 Synthesis and structural characterization of hydrogels composed of sodium alginate, polyethylene oxide and acrylic acid with cyclodextrin as the hydrocolloid prepared at different pH values is presented. 26717508 5 54 dep viscoelastic 719:730 arg1 hydrogel 677:684 The hydrogel 673:684 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) 673:714 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) is viscoelastic, thermo-reversible and also exhibits sol-gel transition on applying frequency and changing temperature. 26717508 5 54 dep viscoelastic 719:730 arg1 thermo-reversible 733:749 thermo-reversible 733:749 thermo-reversible 733:749 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) is viscoelastic, thermo-reversible and also exhibits sol-gel transition on applying frequency and changing temperature. 26717508 5 54 dep viscoelastic 719:730 arg1 viscoelastic 719:730 viscoelastic 719:730 viscoelastic 719:730 The hydrogel prepared at neutral pH (pH 7) is viscoelastic, thermo-reversible and also exhibits sol-gel transition on applying frequency and changing temperature. 28888012 0 0 theme microfluidic 100:111 arg1 approach 113:120 a microfluidic approach 98:120 a microfluidic approach 98:120 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres synthesized using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 5 1 theme hybrid 790:795 arg1 microspheres 797:808 the hybrid microspheres 786:808 the hybrid microspheres 786:808 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 8 2 theme low 1230:1232 arg1 pH 1234:1235 low pH 1230:1235 low pH 1230:1235 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 12 3 theme full 1693:1696 arg1 cycle 1708:1712 a full digestion cycle 1691:1712 a full digestion cycle 1691:1712 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 7 4 theme weight 1062:1067 arg1 % 1081:1081 27%-32% 1075:1081 27%-32% 1075:1081 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 7 4 theme weight 1062:1067 arg1 loss 1069:1072 the lowest weight loss 1051:1072 the lowest weight loss (27%-32%) 1051:1082 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 8 5 from pH 1234:1235 arg1 inhibition 1197:1206 The inhibition 1193:1206 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH 1193:1235 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 8 5 from pH 1234:1235 arg1 dependent 1241:1249 dependent 1241:1249 dependent 1241:1249 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 5 6 theme microspheres 797:808 arg1 behaviors 773:781 The degradation behaviors 757:781 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres 757:808 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 10 7 theme chitosan 1480:1487 arg1 molecule 1489:1496 a chitosan molecule 1478:1496 a chitosan molecule 1478:1496 GPTMS was released with a chitosan chain via the hydrolysis of a chitosan molecule. 28888012 12 8 theme low-pH 1657:1662 arg1 conditions 1664:1673 low-pH conditions 1657:1673 low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle 1657:1712 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 11 9 theme acidic 1592:1597 arg1 condition 1599:1607 acidic condition 1592:1607 acidic condition 1592:1607 The pelargonidin was incorporated in the microspheres and the slow releasing was observed at acidic condition. 28888012 1 10 theme extended 380:387 arg1 periods 389:395 extended periods 380:395 extended periods 380:395 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 6 11 theme pH 980:981 arg1 conditions 983:992 several pH conditions 972:992 several pH conditions for 2weeks 972:1003 Microspheres with different GPTMS molar ratios were incubated under several pH conditions for 2weeks. 28888012 10 12 theme chitosan 1441:1448 arg1 chain 1450:1454 a chitosan chain 1439:1454 a chitosan chain 1439:1454 GPTMS was released with a chitosan chain via the hydrolysis of a chitosan molecule. 28888012 4 13 theme different 726:734 arg1 structures 745:754 four different siloxane structures 721:754 four different siloxane structures 721:754 The microstructures of the microspheres consisted of four different siloxane structures. 28888012 5 14 theme gastrointestinal 880:895 arg1 track 897:901 the gastrointestinal track 876:901 the gastrointestinal track 876:901 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 6 15 theme several 972:978 arg1 conditions 983:992 several pH conditions 972:992 several pH conditions for 2weeks 972:1003 Microspheres with different GPTMS molar ratios were incubated under several pH conditions for 2weeks. 28888012 3 16 theme spherical 603:611 arg1 shapes 613:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 Microspheres with uniform spherical shapes and sizes of approximately 650μm were obtained. 28888012 11 17 located observed 1580:1587 arg2 slow 1561:1564 slow 1561:1564 slow 1561:1564 The pelargonidin was incorporated in the microspheres and the slow releasing was observed at acidic condition. 28888012 11 17 located observed 1580:1587 arg1 condition 1599:1607 acidic condition 1592:1607 acidic condition 1592:1607 The pelargonidin was incorporated in the microspheres and the slow releasing was observed at acidic condition. 28888012 5 18 theme degradation 761:771 arg1 behaviors 773:781 The degradation behaviors 757:781 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres 757:808 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 12 19 theme delivery 1753:1760 arg1 applications 1762:1773 gastrointestinal drug delivery applications 1731:1773 gastrointestinal drug delivery applications 1731:1773 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 1 20 theme unsustained 208:218 arg1 release 225:231 unsustained drug release 208:231 unsustained drug release 208:231 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 4 21 theme siloxane 736:743 arg1 structures 745:754 four different siloxane structures 721:754 four different siloxane structures 721:754 The microstructures of the microspheres consisted of four different siloxane structures. 28888012 2 22 theme hybrid 482:487 arg1 microspheres 489:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres 398:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres 398:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres were synthetized through sol-gel processing using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 2 23 theme microfluidic 554:565 arg1 approach 567:574 a microfluidic approach 552:574 a microfluidic approach 552:574 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres were synthetized through sol-gel processing using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 12 24 theme digestion 1698:1706 arg1 cycle 1708:1712 a full digestion cycle 1691:1712 a full digestion cycle 1691:1712 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 5 25 located found 867:871 arg1 track 897:901 the gastrointestinal track 876:901 the gastrointestinal track 876:901 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 5 25 located found 867:871 arg2 those 861:865 those 861:865 those 861:865 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 0 26 theme Characterization 0:15 arg1 study 33:37 Characterization and degradation study 0:37 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 0:78 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres synthesized using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 8 27 theme degradation 1215:1225 arg1 inhibition 1197:1206 The inhibition 1193:1206 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH 1193:1235 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 8 27 theme degradation 1215:1225 arg1 dependent 1241:1249 dependent 1241:1249 dependent 1241:1249 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 2 28 theme chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP 461:479 arg1 microspheres 489:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres 398:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres 398:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres were synthetized through sol-gel processing using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 1 29 theme drug 319:322 arg1 dosage 324:329 the drug dosage 315:329 the drug dosage 315:329 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 6 30 theme molar 938:942 arg1 ratios 944:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 Microspheres with different GPTMS molar ratios were incubated under several pH conditions for 2weeks. 28888012 1 31 theme Chitosan 123:130 arg1 microspheres 132:143 Chitosan microspheres 123:143 Chitosan microspheres 123:143 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 2 32 theme sol-gel 527:533 arg1 processing 535:544 sol-gel processing 527:544 sol-gel processing using a microfluidic approach 527:574 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres were synthetized through sol-gel processing using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 0 33 theme degradation 21:31 arg1 study 33:37 Characterization and degradation study 0:37 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 0:78 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres synthesized using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 4 34 theme microspheres 695:706 arg1 microstructures 672:686 The microstructures 668:686 The microstructures of the microspheres 668:706 The microstructures of the microspheres consisted of four different siloxane structures. 28888012 9 35 theme early 1332:1336 arg1 stages 1338:1343 early stages 1332:1343 early stages 1332:1343 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 12 36 theme drug 1748:1751 arg1 applications 1762:1773 gastrointestinal drug delivery applications 1731:1773 gastrointestinal drug delivery applications 1731:1773 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 9 37 theme silicon 1373:1379 arg1 dependent 1385:1393 dependent 1385:1393 dependent 1385:1393 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 9 37 theme silicon 1373:1379 arg1 silicon 1373:1379 silicon 1373:1379 silicon 1373:1379 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 9 37 theme silicon 1373:1379 arg1 amount 1363:1368 the released amount 1350:1368 the released amount of silicon 1350:1379 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 0 38 theme chitosan-siloxane 42:58 arg1 microspheres 67:78 chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 42:78 chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 42:78 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres synthesized using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 3 39 with Microspheres 577:588 arg1 shapes 613:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 Microspheres with uniform spherical shapes and sizes of approximately 650μm were obtained. 28888012 3 39 with Microspheres 577:588 arg1 sizes 624:628 sizes 624:628 sizes of approximately 650μm 624:651 Microspheres with uniform spherical shapes and sizes of approximately 650μm were obtained. 28888012 12 40 theme gastrointestinal 1731:1746 arg1 applications 1762:1773 gastrointestinal drug delivery applications 1731:1773 gastrointestinal drug delivery applications 1731:1773 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 1 41 theme drug 246:249 arg1 systems 260:266 drug delivery systems 246:266 drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods 246:395 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 6 42 theme GPTMS 932:936 arg1 ratios 944:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 Microspheres with different GPTMS molar ratios were incubated under several pH conditions for 2weeks. 28888012 1 43 theme delivery 251:258 arg1 systems 260:266 drug delivery systems 246:266 drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods 246:395 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 0 44 theme microspheres 67:78 arg1 study 33:37 Characterization and degradation study 0:37 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 0:78 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres synthesized using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 12 45 theme microspheres 1641:1652 arg1 resistance 1614:1623 The resistance 1610:1623 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle 1610:1712 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 12 45 theme microspheres 1641:1652 arg1 promising 1717:1725 promising 1717:1725 promising 1717:1725 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 6 46 theme different 922:930 arg1 ratios 944:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 Microspheres with different GPTMS molar ratios were incubated under several pH conditions for 2weeks. 28888012 12 47 theme hybrid 1634:1639 arg1 microspheres 1641:1652 these hybrid microspheres 1628:1652 these hybrid microspheres 1628:1652 The resistance of these hybrid microspheres to low-pH conditions for longer than a full digestion cycle is promising for gastrointestinal drug delivery applications. 28888012 0 48 theme hybrid 60:65 arg1 microspheres 67:78 chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 42:78 chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres 42:78 Characterization and degradation study of chitosan-siloxane hybrid microspheres synthesized using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 5 49 theme acidic 830:835 arg1 conditions 840:849 acidic pH conditions 830:849 acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track 830:901 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 1 50 theme poor 184:187 arg1 bioavailability 189:203 poor bioavailability 184:203 poor bioavailability 184:203 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 7 51 theme greater 1135:1141 arg1 losses 1150:1155 greater weight losses 1135:1155 greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively 1135:1190 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 10 52 theme molecule 1489:1496 arg1 hydrolysis 1464:1473 the hydrolysis 1460:1473 the hydrolysis of a chitosan molecule 1460:1496 GPTMS was released with a chitosan chain via the hydrolysis of a chitosan molecule. 28888012 5 53 theme pH 837:838 arg1 conditions 840:849 acidic pH conditions 830:849 acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track 830:901 The degradation behaviors of the hybrid microspheres were examined under acidic pH conditions mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal track. 28888012 9 54 theme released 1354:1361 arg1 dependent 1385:1393 dependent 1385:1393 dependent 1385:1393 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 9 54 theme released 1354:1361 arg1 silicon 1373:1379 silicon 1373:1379 silicon 1373:1379 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 9 54 theme released 1354:1361 arg1 amount 1363:1368 the released amount 1350:1368 the released amount of silicon 1350:1379 Phosphate was mostly released in early stages, and the released amount of silicon was dependent on the composition. 28888012 7 55 theme weight 1143:1148 arg1 losses 1150:1155 greater weight losses 1135:1155 greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively 1135:1190 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 3 56 theme uniform 595:601 arg1 shapes 613:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 Microspheres with uniform spherical shapes and sizes of approximately 650μm were obtained. 28888012 7 57 theme % 1077:1077 arg1 % 1081:1081 27%-32% 1075:1081 27%-32% 1075:1081 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 7 57 theme % 1077:1077 arg1 loss 1069:1072 the lowest weight loss 1051:1072 the lowest weight loss (27%-32%) 1051:1082 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 7 58 theme % 1165:1165 arg1 losses 1150:1155 greater weight losses 1135:1155 greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively 1135:1190 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 8 59 from network 1267:1273 arg1 matrix 1291:1296 the chitosan matrix 1278:1296 the chitosan matrix 1278:1296 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 8 60 theme chitosan 1282:1289 arg1 matrix 1291:1296 the chitosan matrix 1278:1296 the chitosan matrix 1278:1296 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28888012 3 61 theme 650μm 647:651 arg1 shapes 613:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 uniform spherical shapes 595:618 Microspheres with uniform spherical shapes and sizes of approximately 650μm were obtained. 28888012 3 61 theme 650μm 647:651 arg1 sizes 624:628 sizes 624:628 sizes of approximately 650μm 624:651 Microspheres with uniform spherical shapes and sizes of approximately 650μm were obtained. 28888012 1 62 theme thanks 268:273 arg1 systems 260:266 drug delivery systems 246:266 drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods 246:395 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 1 63 theme drug 220:223 arg1 release 225:231 unsustained drug release 208:231 unsustained drug release 208:231 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 6 64 with Microspheres 904:915 arg1 ratios 944:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 different GPTMS molar ratios 922:949 Microspheres with different GPTMS molar ratios were incubated under several pH conditions for 2weeks. 28888012 1 65 theme gastrointestinal 353:368 arg1 track 370:374 the gastrointestinal track 349:374 the gastrointestinal track for extended periods 349:395 Chitosan microspheres can address challenges associated with poor bioavailability or unsustained drug release when used as drug delivery systems thanks to their mucoadhesiveness, which allows the drug dosage to be retained in the gastrointestinal track for extended periods. 28888012 7 66 theme % 1176:1176 arg1 losses 1150:1155 greater weight losses 1135:1155 greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively 1135:1190 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 2 67 theme Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate 398:458 arg1 microspheres 489:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres 398:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres 398:500 Chitosan-3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane-β-glycerophosphate (chitosan-GPTMS-β-GP) hybrid microspheres were synthetized through sol-gel processing using a microfluidic approach. 28888012 7 68 theme lowest 1055:1060 arg1 % 1081:1081 27%-32% 1075:1081 27%-32% 1075:1081 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 7 68 theme lowest 1055:1060 arg1 loss 1069:1072 the lowest weight loss 1051:1072 the lowest weight loss (27%-32%) 1051:1082 The microspheres incubated at pH7.4 extended the lowest weight loss (27%-32%), whereas those incubated at pH1.7 and pH5.4 showed greater weight losses of 43-59% and 69-77%, respectively. 28888012 8 69 theme siloxane 1258:1265 arg1 network 1267:1273 the siloxane network 1254:1273 the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix 1254:1296 The inhibition of the degradation at low pH was dependent on the siloxane network in the chitosan matrix. 28834705 0 0 theme composite 120:128 arg1 beads 130:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads 56:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies 56:164 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 1 1 theme cationic 340:347 arg1 methylene 349:357 cationic methylene blue 340:362 cationic methylene blue (MB) 340:367 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 1 1 theme cationic 340:347 arg1 MB 365:366 MB 365:366 MB 365:366 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 0 2 theme montmorillonite 104:118 arg1 beads 130:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads 56:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies 56:164 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 1 3 theme methylene 349:357 arg1 removal 329:335 adsorptive removal 318:335 adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) 318:367 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 2 4 theme composite 421:429 arg1 beads 431:435 the composite beads 417:435 the composite beads 417:435 The structure and morphology of the composite beads were investigated by FT-IR and SEM, while the thermal properties were tested using TGA. 28834705 5 5 theme adsorption 973:982 arg1 kinetics 961:968 the kinetics 957:968 the kinetics of adsorption 957:982 Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. 28834705 7 6 theme cationic 1231:1238 arg1 dyes 1240:1243 cationic dyes 1231:1243 cationic dyes 1231:1243 Results obtained from this study suggest that the prepared composite beads could be applied effectively for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. 28834705 1 7 theme blue 359:362 arg1 methylene 349:357 cationic methylene blue 340:362 cationic methylene blue (MB) 340:367 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 1 7 theme blue 359:362 arg1 MB 365:366 MB 365:366 MB 365:366 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 6 8 theme dye 1080:1082 arg1 removal 1084:1090 dye removal 1080:1090 dye removal 1080:1090 Finally, the composite beads showed good reusability for MB dye removal with high efficiency. 28834705 1 9 theme /activated 266:275 arg1 AMMT 294:297 AMMT 294:297 AMMT 294:297 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 1 9 theme /activated 266:275 arg1 montmorillonite 277:291 montmorillonite 277:291 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) 218:298 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 3 10 theme agitation 678:686 arg1 speed 688:692 agitation speed 678:692 agitation speed 678:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 2 11 theme thermal 483:489 arg1 properties 491:500 the thermal properties 479:500 the thermal properties 479:500 The structure and morphology of the composite beads were investigated by FT-IR and SEM, while the thermal properties were tested using TGA. 28834705 3 12 theme speed 688:692 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 4 13 theme MB 740:741 arg1 % 752:752 % 752:752 % 752:752 Results demonstrated that MB removal (%) exceeded 92% after 120 min using CMC/kC/AMMT (1:1:0.4 ratio) compared to 69% in case of free AMMT beads. 28834705 4 13 theme MB 740:741 arg1 removal 743:749 MB removal 740:749 MB removal (%) 740:753 Results demonstrated that MB removal (%) exceeded 92% after 120 min using CMC/kC/AMMT (1:1:0.4 ratio) compared to 69% in case of free AMMT beads. 28834705 1 14 theme new 189:191 arg1 beads 203:207 new composite beads 189:207 new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) 189:298 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 1 14 theme new 189:191 arg1 model 378:382 a dye model 372:382 a dye model 372:382 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 5 15 theme order 1007:1011 arg1 model 1013:1017 pseudo-second order model 993:1017 pseudo-second order model 993:1017 Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. 28834705 0 16 dep beads 130:134 arg1 Isotherm 137:144 Isotherm 137:144 Isotherm 137:144 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 0 16 dep beads 130:134 arg1 studies 158:164 kinetic studies 150:164 kinetic studies 150:164 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 1 17 theme composite 193:201 arg1 beads 203:207 new composite beads 189:207 new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) 189:298 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 1 17 theme composite 193:201 arg1 model 378:382 a dye model 372:382 a dye model 372:382 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 2 18 theme beads 431:435 arg1 structure 389:397 structure 389:397 structure 389:397 The structure and morphology of the composite beads were investigated by FT-IR and SEM, while the thermal properties were tested using TGA. 28834705 2 18 theme beads 431:435 arg1 morphology 403:412 morphology 403:412 morphology 403:412 The structure and morphology of the composite beads were investigated by FT-IR and SEM, while the thermal properties were tested using TGA. 28834705 6 19 theme good 1056:1059 arg1 reusability 1061:1071 good reusability 1056:1071 good reusability for MB dye removal with high efficiency 1056:1111 Finally, the composite beads showed good reusability for MB dye removal with high efficiency. 28834705 5 20 theme pseudo-second 993:1005 arg1 model 1013:1017 pseudo-second order model 993:1017 pseudo-second order model 993:1017 Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. 28834705 0 21 theme Adsorptive 0:9 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye 0:48 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 3 22 theme removal 547:553 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 0 23 theme cationic 22:29 arg1 dye 46:48 cationic methylene blue dye 22:48 cationic methylene blue dye 22:48 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 3 24 theme MB 566:567 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 0 25 theme kinetic 150:156 arg1 studies 158:164 kinetic studies 150:164 kinetic studies 150:164 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 3 26 theme concentration 608:620 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 6 27 theme composite 1033:1041 arg1 beads 1043:1047 the composite beads 1029:1047 the composite beads 1029:1047 Finally, the composite beads showed good reusability for MB dye removal with high efficiency. 28834705 0 28 theme blue 41:44 arg1 dye 46:48 cationic methylene blue dye 22:48 cationic methylene blue dye 22:48 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 4 29 theme AMMT 848:851 arg1 beads 853:857 free AMMT beads 843:857 free AMMT beads 843:857 Results demonstrated that MB removal (%) exceeded 92% after 120 min using CMC/kC/AMMT (1:1:0.4 ratio) compared to 69% in case of free AMMT beads. 28834705 1 30 theme dye 374:376 arg1 model 378:382 a dye model 372:382 a dye model 372:382 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 1 30 theme dye 374:376 arg1 beads 203:207 new composite beads 189:207 new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) 189:298 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 2 31 dep structure 389:397 arg1 The 385:387 The 385:387 The 385:387 The structure and morphology of the composite beads were investigated by FT-IR and SEM, while the thermal properties were tested using TGA. 28834705 0 32 theme methylene 31:39 arg1 dye 46:48 cationic methylene blue dye 22:48 cationic methylene blue dye 22:48 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 4 33 theme free 843:846 arg1 beads 853:857 free AMMT beads 843:857 free AMMT beads 843:857 Results demonstrated that MB removal (%) exceeded 92% after 120 min using CMC/kC/AMMT (1:1:0.4 ratio) compared to 69% in case of free AMMT beads. 28834705 3 34 theme initial 597:603 arg1 concentration 608:620 initial MB concentration 597:620 initial MB concentration 597:620 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 5 35 theme Langmuir 926:933 arg1 R2=0.999 942:949 R2=0.999 942:949 R2=0.999 942:949 Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. 28834705 5 35 theme Langmuir 926:933 arg1 model 935:939 Langmuir model 926:939 Langmuir model (R2=0.999) 926:950 Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. 28834705 3 36 theme MB 605:606 arg1 concentration 608:620 initial MB concentration 597:620 initial MB concentration 597:620 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 7 37 theme composite 1173:1181 arg1 beads 1183:1187 the prepared composite beads 1160:1187 the prepared composite beads 1160:1187 Results obtained from this study suggest that the prepared composite beads could be applied effectively for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. 28834705 0 38 theme dye 46:48 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye 0:48 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 1 39 theme adsorptive 318:327 arg1 removal 329:335 adsorptive removal 318:335 adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) 318:367 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 28834705 7 40 theme aqueous 1250:1256 arg1 solutions 1258:1266 aqueous solutions 1250:1266 aqueous solutions 1250:1266 Results obtained from this study suggest that the prepared composite beads could be applied effectively for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. 28834705 3 41 theme dosage 644:649 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 3 42 theme adsorbent 634:642 arg1 dosage 644:649 adsorbent dosage 634:649 adsorbent dosage 634:649 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 5 43 theme isotherm 889:896 arg1 studies 898:904 isotherm studies 889:904 isotherm studies 889:904 Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. 28834705 3 44 theme pH 623:624 arg1 medium 626:631 pH medium 623:631 pH medium 623:631 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 6 45 theme high 1097:1100 arg1 efficiency 1102:1111 high efficiency 1097:1111 high efficiency 1097:1111 Finally, the composite beads showed good reusability for MB dye removal with high efficiency. 28834705 7 46 theme prepared 1164:1171 arg1 beads 1183:1187 the prepared composite beads 1160:1187 the prepared composite beads 1160:1187 Results obtained from this study suggest that the prepared composite beads could be applied effectively for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. 28834705 0 47 theme cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated 70:102 arg1 beads 130:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads 56:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies 56:164 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 3 48 theme medium 626:631 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 0 49 theme carboxymethyl 56:68 arg1 beads 130:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads 56:134 carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies 56:164 Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye using carboxymethyl cellulose/k-carrageenan/activated montmorillonite composite beads: Isotherm and kinetic studies. 28834705 3 50 theme solution 652:659 arg1 temperature 661:671 solution temperature 652:671 solution temperature 652:671 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 3 51 theme CMC/kC/AMMT 577:587 arg1 ratios 589:594 CMC/kC/AMMT ratios 577:594 CMC/kC/AMMT ratios 577:594 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 3 52 theme temperature 661:671 arg1 percent 555:561 the removal percent 543:561 the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed 543:692 Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. 28834705 1 53 theme present 174:180 arg1 study 182:186 the present study 170:186 the present study 170:186 In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. 27629387 4 0 theme flour 496:500 arg1 values 480:485 The cohesion and flow function values 449:485 The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%) 449:547 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 7 1 theme significant 1258:1268 arg1 effect 1270:1275 a significant effect 1256:1275 a significant effect 1256:1275 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 6 2 theme chemical 916:923 arg1 composition 925:935 the chemical composition 912:935 the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) 912:970 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 7 3 theme due 1327:1329 arg1 flours 1320:1325 wheat flours 1314:1325 wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1314:1373 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 6 4 theme dynamic 1186:1192 arg1 flowability 1194:1204 dynamic flowability 1186:1204 dynamic flowability of wheat flours 1186:1220 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 4 5 theme moisture 511:518 arg1 contents 520:527 three moisture contents 505:527 three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%) 505:547 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 1 6 theme important 152:160 arg1 process 162:168 an important process 149:168 an important process in wheat milling 149:185 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 1 6 theme important 152:160 arg1 fractionation 113:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation 91:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles 91:144 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 0 7 theme flour 84:88 arg1 properties 64:73 the shear flow properties 49:73 the shear flow properties of wheat flour 49:88 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 0 8 from Significance 0:11 arg1 properties 64:73 the shear flow properties 49:73 the shear flow properties of wheat flour 49:88 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 7 9 theme increased 1338:1346 arg1 cohesion 1366:1373 the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1334:1373 the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1334:1373 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 0 10 theme wheat 78:82 arg1 flour 84:88 wheat flour 78:88 wheat flour 78:88 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 6 11 located observed 895:902 arg2 correlation 883:893 The high correlation 874:893 The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 874:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 11 located observed 895:902 arg1 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 11 located observed 895:902 arg1 physical 979:986 physical 979:986 physical 979:986 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 11 located observed 895:902 arg1 function 1052:1059 flow function 1047:1059 flow function 1047:1059 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 11 located observed 895:902 arg1 properties 1025:1034 flow properties 1020:1034 flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 1020:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 11 located observed 895:902 arg1 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 7 12 theme fat 1236:1238 arg1 composition 1240:1250 fat composition 1236:1250 fat composition 1236:1250 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 6 13 dep properties 1025:1034 arg1 properties 1025:1034 flow properties 1020:1034 flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 1020:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 13 dep properties 1025:1034 arg1 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 13 dep properties 1025:1034 arg1 function 1052:1059 flow function 1047:1059 flow function 1047:1059 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 13 dep properties 1025:1034 arg1 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 7 14 from differences 1284:1294 arg1 flowability 1299:1309 flowability 1299:1309 flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1299:1373 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 6 15 theme damaged 938:944 arg1 starch 946:951 damaged starch 938:951 damaged starch 938:951 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 4 16 theme sifter 609:614 arg1 loads 616:620 three sifter loads 603:620 three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) 603:644 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 4 16 theme sifter 609:614 arg1 kPa 641:643 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa 623:643 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa 623:643 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 3 17 from characteristics 382:396 arg1 behavior 416:423 the shear flow behavior 401:423 the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 401:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 6 18 theme flow 1047:1050 arg1 function 1052:1059 flow function 1047:1059 flow function 1047:1059 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 18 theme flow 1047:1050 arg1 properties 1025:1034 flow properties 1020:1034 flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 1020:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 19 from differences 1171:1181 arg1 flowability 1194:1204 dynamic flowability 1186:1204 dynamic flowability of wheat flours 1186:1220 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 3 20 theme wheat 428:432 arg1 flour 434:438 wheat flour 428:438 wheat flour 428:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 4 21 from contents 520:527 arg1 values 480:485 The cohesion and flow function values 449:485 The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%) 449:547 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 4 22 theme wheat 490:494 arg1 flour 496:500 wheat flour 490:500 wheat flour 490:500 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 6 23 dep CONCLUSION 863:872 arg1 demonstrates 1094:1105 demonstrates 1094:1105 demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours 1094:1220 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 0 24 theme flow 59:62 arg1 properties 64:73 the shear flow properties 49:73 the shear flow properties of wheat flour 49:88 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 4 25 theme function 471:478 arg1 values 480:485 The cohesion and flow function values 449:485 The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%) 449:547 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 1 26 theme wheat 173:177 arg1 milling 179:185 wheat milling 173:185 wheat milling 173:185 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 4 27 dep contents 520:527 arg1 % 546:546 14% 544:546 14% 544:546 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 4 27 dep contents 520:527 arg1 % 532:532 10% 530:532 10% 530:532 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 4 27 dep contents 520:527 arg1 % 537:537 12% 535:537 12% 535:537 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 3 28 theme flour 434:438 arg1 behavior 416:423 the shear flow behavior 401:423 the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 401:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 3 29 theme chemical 373:380 arg1 characteristics 382:396 physical and chemical characteristics 360:396 physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 360:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 7 30 theme inter-particulate 1348:1364 arg1 cohesion 1366:1373 the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1334:1373 the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1334:1373 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 7 31 contain had 1252:1254 arg1 composition 1240:1250 fat composition 1236:1250 fat composition 1236:1250 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 7 31 contain had 1252:1254 arg2 effect 1270:1275 a significant effect 1256:1275 a significant effect 1256:1275 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 5 32 theme moisture 702:709 arg1 content 711:717 triggering moisture content 691:717 triggering moisture content 691:717 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 0 33 theme composition 16:26 arg1 Significance 0:11 Significance 0:11 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 0:89 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 6 34 theme chemical 1112:1119 arg1 composition 1121:1131 chemical composition 1112:1131 chemical composition 1112:1131 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 4 35 theme cohesion 453:460 arg1 values 480:485 The cohesion and flow function values 449:485 The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%) 449:547 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 1 36 theme BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 process 162:168 an important process 149:168 an important process in wheat milling 149:185 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 1 36 theme BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 fractionation 113:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation 91:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles 91:144 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 4 37 dep different 665:673 arg1 < 678:678 P < 0.05 676:683 P < 0.05 676:683 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 0 38 theme size 41:44 arg1 Significance 0:11 Significance 0:11 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 0:89 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 2 39 theme separation 237:246 arg1 process 248:254 the dynamic separation process 225:254 the dynamic separation process 225:254 Inter-particle cohesion could affect the dynamic separation process and result in loss in throughput. 27629387 6 40 theme high 878:881 arg1 correlation 883:893 The high correlation 874:893 The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 874:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 0 41 theme particle 32:39 arg1 size 41:44 particle size 32:44 particle size 32:44 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 6 42 theme flours 1215:1220 arg1 flowability 1194:1204 dynamic flowability 1186:1204 dynamic flowability of wheat flours 1186:1220 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 4 43 theme flow 466:469 arg1 function 471:478 flow function 466:478 flow function 466:478 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 2 44 theme dynamic 229:235 arg1 process 248:254 the dynamic separation process 225:254 the dynamic separation process 225:254 Inter-particle cohesion could affect the dynamic separation process and result in loss in throughput. 27629387 5 45 theme particle 723:730 arg1 size 732:735 particle size 723:735 particle size 723:735 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 3 46 theme shear 405:409 arg1 behavior 416:423 the shear flow behavior 401:423 the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 401:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 3 47 theme physical 360:367 arg1 characteristics 382:396 physical and chemical characteristics 360:396 physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 360:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 3 48 theme properties 335:344 arg1 effect 316:321 the effect 312:321 the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 312:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 1 49 theme Size-based 102:111 arg1 process 162:168 an important process 149:168 an important process in wheat milling 149:185 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 1 49 theme Size-based 102:111 arg1 fractionation 113:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation 91:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles 91:144 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 3 50 theme flow 411:414 arg1 behavior 416:423 the shear flow behavior 401:423 the shear flow behavior of wheat flour 401:438 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 6 51 theme wheat 1209:1213 arg1 flours 1215:1220 wheat flours 1209:1220 wheat flours 1209:1220 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 52 theme friction 1084:1091 arg1 properties 1025:1034 flow properties 1020:1034 flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 1020:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 52 theme friction 1084:1091 arg1 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 52 theme friction 1084:1091 arg1 function 1052:1059 flow function 1047:1059 flow function 1047:1059 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 52 theme friction 1084:1091 arg1 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 4 53 dep sizes 565:569 arg1 45-75 580:584 45-75 580:584 45-75 580:584 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 4 53 dep sizes 565:569 arg1 <45 µm 591:596 <45 µm 591:596 <45 µm 591:596 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 6 54 dep composition 925:935 arg1 fat 967:969 fat 967:969 fat 967:969 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 54 dep composition 925:935 arg1 starch 946:951 damaged starch 938:951 damaged starch 938:951 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 54 dep composition 925:935 arg1 protein 954:960 protein 954:960 protein 954:960 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 7 55 theme flours 1320:1325 arg1 flowability 1299:1309 flowability 1299:1309 flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1299:1373 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 5 56 dep content 711:717 arg1 The 687:689 The 687:689 The 687:689 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 6 57 theme internal 1075:1082 arg1 friction 1084:1091 internal friction 1075:1091 internal friction 1075:1091 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 7 58 theme wheat 1314:1318 arg1 flours 1320:1325 wheat flours 1314:1325 wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion 1314:1373 In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter-particulate cohesion. 27629387 4 59 theme P 676:676 arg1 < 678:678 P < 0.05 676:683 P < 0.05 676:683 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 6 60 theme flow 1020:1023 arg1 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 angle 1066:1070 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 60 theme flow 1020:1023 arg1 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 cohesion 1037:1044 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 60 theme flow 1020:1023 arg1 function 1052:1059 flow function 1047:1059 flow function 1047:1059 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 60 theme flow 1020:1023 arg1 properties 1025:1034 flow properties 1020:1034 flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) 1020:1092 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 5 61 theme easy 772:775 arg1 flowing 777:783 'easy flowing' 771:784 'easy flowing' 771:784 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 2 62 from loss 270:273 arg1 throughput 278:287 throughput 278:287 throughput 278:287 Inter-particle cohesion could affect the dynamic separation process and result in loss in throughput. 27629387 4 63 dep RESULTS 441:447 arg1 values 480:485 The cohesion and flow function values 449:485 The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%) 449:547 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 27629387 2 64 theme Inter-particle 188:201 arg1 cohesion 203:210 Inter-particle cohesion 188:210 Inter-particle cohesion 188:210 Inter-particle cohesion could affect the dynamic separation process and result in loss in throughput. 27629387 6 65 theme tapped 998:1003 arg1 densities 1005:1013 tapped densities 998:1013 tapped densities 998:1013 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 1 66 theme flour 130:134 arg1 particles 136:144 flour particles 130:144 flour particles 130:144 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 8 67 theme Chemical 1394:1401 arg1 Industry 1403:1410 Chemical Industry 1394:1410 Chemical Industry 1394:1410 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27629387 3 68 theme particle 326:333 arg1 properties 335:344 particle properties 326:344 particle properties 326:344 This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour. 27629387 6 69 dep physical 979:986 arg1 bulk 989:992 bulk 989:992 bulk 989:992 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 6 69 dep physical 979:986 arg1 densities 1005:1013 tapped densities 998:1013 tapped densities 998:1013 CONCLUSION The high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. 27629387 5 70 theme wet 827:829 arg1 % 824:824 12% 822:824 12% (wet basis) 822:836 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 5 70 theme wet 827:829 arg1 basis 831:835 wet basis 827:835 wet basis 827:835 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 1 71 theme particles 136:144 arg1 process 162:168 an important process 149:168 an important process in wheat milling 149:185 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 1 71 theme particles 136:144 arg1 fractionation 113:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation 91:125 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles 91:144 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 0 72 theme shear 53:57 arg1 properties 64:73 the shear flow properties 49:73 the shear flow properties of wheat flour 49:88 Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour. 27629387 5 73 theme triggering 691:700 arg1 content 711:717 triggering moisture content 691:717 triggering moisture content 691:717 The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from 'easy flowing' to 'very cohesive' were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively. 27629387 1 74 from process 162:168 arg1 milling 179:185 wheat milling 173:185 wheat milling 173:185 BACKGROUND Size-based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. 27629387 4 75 theme particle 556:563 arg1 sizes 565:569 three particle sizes 550:569 three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) 550:597 RESULTS The cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75-106, 45-75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). 26174350 4 0 dep 24- 1163:1165 arg1 28- 1168:1170 28- 1168:1170 28- 1168:1170 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 5 1 theme yolk 1259:1262 arg1 color 1309:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 1 theme yolk 1259:1262 arg1 unit 1217:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 1 theme yolk 1259:1262 arg1 weights 1232:1238 relative weights 1223:1238 relative weights of the albumen and yolk 1223:1262 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 1 theme yolk 1259:1262 arg1 thickness 1289:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 1 theme yolk 1259:1262 arg1 gravity 1274:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 6 2 theme age 1662:1664 arg1 wk 1656:1657 24 and 36 wk 1646:1657 24 and 36 wk of age 1646:1664 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 2 3 theme % 589:589 arg1 IMO 591:593 1% IMO 588:593 1% IMO 588:593 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 3 4 dep acids 873:877 arg1 acids 873:877 total unsaturated fatty acids 849:877 total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 849:908 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 4 dep acids 873:877 arg1 32- 890:892 32- 890:892 32- 890:892 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 4 dep acids 873:877 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 4 dep acids 873:877 arg1 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 4 dep acids 873:877 arg1 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 4 dep acids 873:877 arg1 28- 885:887 28- 885:887 28- 885:887 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 5 theme fatty 867:871 arg1 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 5 theme fatty 867:871 arg1 acids 873:877 total unsaturated fatty acids 849:877 total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 849:908 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 5 theme fatty 867:871 arg1 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 5 theme fatty 867:871 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 6 theme basal 498:502 arg1 diet 504:507 (ii) basal diet 493:507 (ii) basal diet 493:507 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 6 theme basal 498:502 arg1 PRE 519:521 PRE 519:521 PRE 519:521 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 3 7 theme total 849:853 arg1 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 7 theme total 849:853 arg1 acids 873:877 total unsaturated fatty acids 849:877 total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 849:908 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 7 theme total 849:853 arg1 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 7 theme total 849:853 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 5 8 theme Egg 1198:1200 arg1 quality 1202:1208 Egg quality 1198:1208 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) 1198:1314 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 3 9 dep significantly 814:826 arg1 < 831:831 P < 0.05 829:836 P < 0.05 829:836 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 1 10 theme yolks 325:329 arg1 compositions 305:316 the chemical compositions 292:316 the chemical compositions of egg yolks 292:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 4 11 dep lipids 1060:1065 arg1 the 1050:1052 the 1050:1052 the 1050:1052 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 4 12 theme 36-wk-old 1182:1190 arg1 hens 1192:1195 36-wk-old hens 1182:1195 36-wk-old hens 1182:1195 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 2 13 theme basal 531:535 arg1 diet 537:540 (iii) basal diet 525:540 (iii) basal diet 525:540 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 1 14 theme laying 354:359 arg1 hens 361:364 laying hens 354:364 laying hens 354:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 5 15 theme yolk 1304:1307 arg1 color 1309:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 16 dep quality 1202:1208 arg1 color 1309:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 16 dep quality 1202:1208 arg1 weights 1232:1238 relative weights 1223:1238 relative weights of the albumen and yolk 1223:1262 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 16 dep quality 1202:1208 arg1 unit 1217:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 16 dep quality 1202:1208 arg1 gravity 1274:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 16 dep quality 1202:1208 arg1 thickness 1289:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 2 17 theme % 547:547 arg1 PRO 560:562 PRO 560:562 PRO 560:562 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 17 theme % 547:547 arg1 PrimaLac® 549:557 0.1% PrimaLac® 544:557 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO) 544:563 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 1 18 theme 16-wk 115:119 arg1 experiment 129:138 A 16-wk feeding experiment 113:138 A 16-wk feeding experiment 113:138 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 19 theme fatty 945:949 arg1 acids 951:955 polyunsaturated fatty acids 929:955 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 929:962 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 19 theme fatty 945:949 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 19 theme fatty 945:949 arg1 PUFA 958:961 PUFA 958:961 PUFA 958:961 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 0 20 theme Hens 61:64 arg1 Compositions 9:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens 0:64 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 4 21 from tocopherols 1085:1095 arg1 yolks 1108:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 0 22 theme Prebiotic 70:78 arg1 Diets 106:110 Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets 70:110 Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets 70:110 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 1 23 theme chemical 296:303 arg1 compositions 305:316 the chemical compositions 292:316 the chemical compositions of egg yolks 292:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 24 theme saturated 751:759 arg1 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 24 theme saturated 751:759 arg1 acids 767:771 total saturated fatty acids 745:771 total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 745:802 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 24 theme saturated 751:759 arg1 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 0 25 theme Probiotic 81:89 arg1 Diets 106:110 Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets 70:110 Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets 70:110 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 6 26 theme egg 1574:1576 arg1 yolk 1578:1581 egg yolk 1574:1581 egg yolk 1574:1581 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 3 27 theme acid 1004:1007 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 0 28 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Compositions 9:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens 0:64 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 1 29 theme probiotic 230:238 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks 169:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 1 29 theme probiotic 230:238 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 30 dep acids 767:771 arg1 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 30 dep acids 767:771 arg1 acids 767:771 total saturated fatty acids 745:771 total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 745:802 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 30 dep acids 767:771 arg1 32- 784:786 32- 784:786 32- 784:786 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 30 dep acids 767:771 arg1 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 30 dep acids 767:771 arg1 28- 779:781 28- 779:781 28- 779:781 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 1 31 theme PrimaLac® 241:249 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks 169:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 1 31 theme PrimaLac® 241:249 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 2 32 dep diet 537:540 arg1 iii 526:528 iii 526:528 iii 526:528 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 33 theme Brown 405:409 arg1 pullets 411:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets 367:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets 367:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 6 34 theme acid 1553:1556 arg1 compositions 1558:1569 the fatty acid compositions 1543:1569 the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk 1543:1581 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 5 35 theme Haugh 1211:1215 arg1 unit 1217:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 0 36 theme Yolks 29:33 arg1 Compositions 9:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens 0:64 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 2 37 theme 16-wk-old 389:397 arg1 pullets 411:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets 367:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets 367:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 0 38 theme Egg 39:41 arg1 Quality 43:49 Egg Quality 39:49 Egg Quality 39:49 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 1 39 theme combination 262:272 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks 169:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 1 39 theme combination 262:272 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 2 40 theme 1 588:588 arg1 % 589:589 % 589:589 % 589:589 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 3 41 dep cholesterol 709:719 arg1 28-wk-old 730:738 28-wk-old 730:738 28-wk-old 730:738 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 41 dep cholesterol 709:719 arg1 24- 722:724 24- 722:724 24- 722:724 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 1 42 theme prebiotic 186:194 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks 169:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 1 42 theme prebiotic 186:194 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 6 43 theme cholesterol 1509:1519 arg1 content 1521:1527 the cholesterol content 1505:1527 the cholesterol content 1505:1527 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 3 44 from levels 1009:1014 arg1 eggs 1023:1026 the eggs 1019:1026 the eggs (28-wk-old) 1019:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 44 from levels 1009:1014 arg1 28-wk-old 1029:1037 28-wk-old 1029:1037 28-wk-old 1029:1037 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 1 45 theme isomaltooligosaccharide 197:219 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks 169:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 1 45 theme isomaltooligosaccharide 197:219 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 46 theme P 829:829 arg1 < 831:831 P < 0.05 829:836 P < 0.05 829:836 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 47 theme 0.1 597:599 arg1 % 600:600 % 600:600 % 600:600 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 48 theme % 600:600 arg1 SYN 613:615 SYN 613:615 SYN 613:615 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 48 theme % 600:600 arg1 PrimaLac® 602:610 0.1% PrimaLac® 597:610 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN) 597:616 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 4 49 theme egg 1104:1106 arg1 yolks 1108:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 4 50 theme 24- 1163:1165 arg1 32- 1173:1175 32- 1173:1175 32- 1173:1175 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 4 51 theme dietary 1137:1143 arg1 treatments 1145:1154 all dietary treatments 1133:1154 all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens 1133:1195 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 3 52 theme yolk 704:707 arg1 cholesterol 709:719 the egg yolk cholesterol 696:719 the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) 696:739 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 53 dep diet 581:584 arg1 iv 571:572 iv 571:572 iv 571:572 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 4 54 from treatments 1145:1154 arg1 hens 1192:1195 36-wk-old hens 1182:1195 36-wk-old hens 1182:1195 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 4 54 from treatments 1145:1154 arg1 32- 1173:1175 32- 1173:1175 32- 1173:1175 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 5 55 theme shell 1283:1287 arg1 thickness 1289:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 0 56 theme Synbiotic 96:104 arg1 Diets 106:110 Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets 70:110 Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets 70:110 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 2 57 dep diet 504:507 arg1 ii 494:495 ii 494:495 ii 494:495 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 5 58 dep albumen 1247:1253 arg1 the 1243:1245 the 1243:1245 the 1243:1245 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 3 59 theme total 911:915 arg1 omega 917:921 total omega 6 911:923 total omega 6 911:923 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 6 60 with supplementations 1396:1411 arg1 PrimaLac® 1426:1434 PrimaLac® 1426:1434 PrimaLac® 1426:1434 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 6 60 with supplementations 1396:1411 arg1 IMO 1418:1420 IMO 1418:1420 IMO 1418:1420 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 1 61 theme egg 339:341 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 62 theme polyunsaturated 929:943 arg1 acids 951:955 polyunsaturated fatty acids 929:955 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 929:962 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 62 theme polyunsaturated 929:943 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 62 theme polyunsaturated 929:943 arg1 PUFA 958:961 PUFA 958:961 PUFA 958:961 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 1 63 from effects 173:179 arg1 compositions 305:316 the chemical compositions 292:316 the chemical compositions of egg yolks 292:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 2 64 theme basal 471:475 arg1 diet 477:480 (i) basal diet 467:480 (i) basal diet (control) 467:490 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 64 theme basal 471:475 arg1 control 483:489 control 483:489 control 483:489 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 0 65 theme Laying 54:59 arg1 Hens 61:64 Laying Hens 54:64 Laying Hens 54:64 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 1 66 theme hens 361:364 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks 169:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 1 66 theme hens 361:364 arg1 quality 343:349 the egg quality 335:349 the egg quality of laying hens 335:364 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 67 theme unsaturated 855:865 arg1 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 UFA 880:882 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 67 theme unsaturated 855:865 arg1 acids 873:877 total unsaturated fatty acids 849:877 total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 849:908 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 67 theme unsaturated 855:865 arg1 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 36-wk-old 899:907 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 67 theme unsaturated 855:865 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 68 theme 0.1 544:546 arg1 % 547:547 % 547:547 % 547:547 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 1 69 from quality 343:349 arg1 compositions 305:316 the chemical compositions 292:316 the chemical compositions of egg yolks 292:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 70 theme fatty 761:765 arg1 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 70 theme fatty 761:765 arg1 acids 767:771 total saturated fatty acids 745:771 total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 745:802 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 70 theme fatty 761:765 arg1 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 71 dep significantly 661:673 arg1 < 678:678 P < 0.05 676:683 P < 0.05 676:683 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 1 72 theme feeding 121:127 arg1 experiment 129:138 A 16-wk feeding experiment 113:138 A 16-wk feeding experiment 113:138 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 3 73 theme total 745:749 arg1 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 SFA 774:776 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 73 theme total 745:749 arg1 acids 767:771 total saturated fatty acids 745:771 total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old) 745:802 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 3 73 theme total 745:749 arg1 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 36-wk-old 793:801 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 74 theme dietary 447:453 arg1 treatments 455:464 4 dietary treatments 445:464 4 dietary treatments 445:464 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 2 75 theme % 512:512 arg1 IMO 514:516 1% IMO 511:516 1% IMO 511:516 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 3 76 theme linoleic 975:982 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 6 77 theme yolk 1578:1581 arg1 compositions 1558:1569 the fatty acid compositions 1543:1569 the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk 1543:1581 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 3 78 theme SYN 632:634 arg1 supplementation 636:650 SYN supplementation 632:650 SYN supplementation 632:650 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 4 79 from carotenoids 1068:1078 arg1 yolks 1108:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 5 80 theme relative 1223:1230 arg1 weights 1232:1238 relative weights 1223:1238 relative weights of the albumen and yolk 1223:1262 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 1 81 theme egg 321:323 arg1 yolks 325:329 egg yolks 321:329 egg yolks 321:329 A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. 26174350 4 82 dep 32- 1173:1175 arg1 the 1159:1161 the 1159:1161 the 1159:1161 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 4 83 from lipids 1060:1065 arg1 yolks 1108:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 the egg yolks 1100:1112 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 0 84 theme Egg 25:27 arg1 Yolks 29:33 Egg Yolks 25:33 Egg Yolks 25:33 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 3 85 theme alpha-linolenic 988:1002 arg1 levels 1009:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels 975:1014 linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old) 975:1038 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 86 theme Hisex 399:403 arg1 pullets 411:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets 367:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets 367:417 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 6 87 theme fatty 1547:1551 arg1 compositions 1558:1569 the fatty acid compositions 1543:1569 the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk 1543:1581 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 4 88 theme total 1054:1058 arg1 lipids 1060:1065 total lipids 1054:1065 total lipids 1054:1065 However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. 26174350 0 89 theme Quality 43:49 arg1 Compositions 9:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens 0:64 Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets. 26174350 5 90 theme SYN 1349:1351 arg1 supplementation 1353:1367 SYN supplementation 1349:1367 SYN supplementation 1349:1367 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 91 theme specific 1265:1272 arg1 gravity 1274:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 6 92 theme eggs 1616:1619 arg1 quality 1605:1611 the quality 1601:1611 the quality of eggs 1601:1619 The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age. 26174350 3 93 theme P 676:676 arg1 < 678:678 P < 0.05 676:683 P < 0.05 676:683 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 94 dep diet 477:480 arg1 i 468:468 i 468:468 i 468:468 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 3 95 theme egg 700:702 arg1 yolk 704:707 the egg yolk 696:707 the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) 696:739 PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). 26174350 2 96 theme basal 575:579 arg1 diet 581:584 (iv) basal diet 570:584 (iv) basal diet 570:584 One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). 26174350 5 97 theme albumen 1247:1253 arg1 color 1309:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 yolk color 1304:1313 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 97 theme albumen 1247:1253 arg1 unit 1217:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Haugh unit 1211:1220 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 97 theme albumen 1247:1253 arg1 weights 1232:1238 relative weights 1223:1238 relative weights of the albumen and yolk 1223:1262 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 97 theme albumen 1247:1253 arg1 thickness 1289:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 shell thickness 1283:1297 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 26174350 5 97 theme albumen 1247:1253 arg1 gravity 1274:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 specific gravity 1265:1280 Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. 28032743 6 0 theme Schwann 882:888 arg1 cells 890:894 Schwann cells 882:894 Schwann cells growth 882:901 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 7 1 from levels 1275:1280 arg1 macrophages 1285:1295 macrophages 1285:1295 macrophages 1285:1295 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 2 theme neurotrophic 1105:1116 arg1 GDNF 1126:1129 GDNF 1126:1129 GDNF 1126:1129 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 2 theme neurotrophic 1105:1116 arg1 factor 1118:1123 glial-derived neurotrophic factor 1091:1123 glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1091:1130 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 2 3 with phase 360:364 arg1 capability 379:388 limited capability 371:388 limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function 371:428 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 8 4 theme microstructure 1573:1586 arg1 restoration 1588:1598 microstructure restoration 1573:1598 microstructure restoration 1573:1598 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 7 5 theme glial-derived 1091:1103 arg1 GDNF 1126:1129 GDNF 1126:1129 GDNF 1126:1129 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 5 theme glial-derived 1091:1103 arg1 factor 1118:1123 glial-derived neurotrophic factor 1091:1123 glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1091:1130 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 2 6 theme available 260:268 arg1 treatments 270:279 Current available treatments 252:279 Current available treatments for CNC 252:287 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 7 7 theme interleukin-1 1339:1351 arg1 beta 1353:1356 interleukin-1 beta 1339:1356 interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) 1339:1364 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 7 theme interleukin-1 1339:1351 arg1 IL-1β 1359:1363 IL-1β 1359:1363 IL-1β 1359:1363 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 5 8 theme genipin 591:597 arg1 scaffold 632:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold 589:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) 589:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 5 9 theme chitosan-sericin 612:627 arg1 scaffold 632:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold 589:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) 589:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 1 10 theme peripheral 164:173 arg1 injury 181:186 peripheral nerve injury 164:186 peripheral nerve injury 164:186 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 11 theme injury 181:186 arg1 compression 128:138 Chronic nerve compression 114:138 Chronic nerve compression (CNC) 114:144 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 11 theme injury 181:186 arg1 form 156:159 a common form 147:159 a common form of peripheral nerve injury 147:186 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 6 12 theme nerve 918:922 arg1 regeneration 924:935 nerve regeneration 918:935 nerve regeneration 918:935 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 7 13 theme important 1029:1037 arg1 genes 1023:1027 the genes 1019:1027 the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells 1019:1221 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 14 theme necrosis 1304:1311 arg1 TNF-α 1327:1331 TNF-α 1327:1331 TNF-α 1327:1331 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 14 theme necrosis 1304:1311 arg1 alpha 1320:1324 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1298:1324 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1298:1332 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 5 15 theme growth 662:667 arg1 factor 669:674 nerve growth factor 656:674 nerve growth factor (NGF) 656:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 5 15 theme growth 662:667 arg1 NGF 677:679 NGF 677:679 NGF 677:679 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 7 16 theme composite 970:978 arg1 scaffold 980:987 the composite scaffold 966:987 the composite scaffold 966:987 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 1 17 theme nerve 122:126 arg1 compression 128:138 Chronic nerve compression 114:138 Chronic nerve compression (CNC) 114:144 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 17 theme nerve 122:126 arg1 form 156:159 a common form 147:159 a common form of peripheral nerve injury 147:186 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 17 theme nerve 122:126 arg1 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 9 18 theme promising 1681:1689 arg1 alternative 1700:1710 a promising clinical alternative 1679:1710 a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1679:1767 Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury. 28032743 7 19 theme adhesion 1181:1188 arg1 NCAM 1200:1203 NCAM 1200:1203 NCAM 1200:1203 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 19 theme adhesion 1181:1188 arg1 molecule 1190:1197 neural cell adhesion molecule 1169:1197 neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1169:1204 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 20 theme degradation 942:952 arg1 products 954:961 The degradation products 938:961 The degradation products of the composite scaffold 938:987 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 8 21 theme significant 1420:1430 arg1 recovery 1449:1456 significant nerve functional recovery 1420:1456 significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model 1420:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 7 22 theme neural 1169:1174 arg1 NCAM 1200:1203 NCAM 1200:1203 NCAM 1200:1203 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 22 theme neural 1169:1174 arg1 molecule 1190:1197 neural cell adhesion molecule 1169:1197 neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1169:1204 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 9 23 theme peripheral 1733:1742 arg1 injury 1762:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury. 28032743 8 24 theme functional 1438:1447 arg1 recovery 1449:1456 significant nerve functional recovery 1420:1456 significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model 1420:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 0 25 theme Chronic 87:93 arg1 Compression 101:111 Chronic Nerve Compression 87:111 Chronic Nerve Compression 87:111 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 9 26 theme compression 1750:1760 arg1 injury 1762:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury. 28032743 7 27 link glial-derived 1091:1103 arg1 GDNF 1126:1129 GDNF 1126:1129 GDNF 1126:1129 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 27 link glial-derived 1091:1103 arg1 factor 1118:1123 glial-derived neurotrophic factor 1091:1123 glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1091:1130 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 5 28 link cross-linked 599:610 arg1 scaffold 632:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold 589:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) 589:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 8 29 theme preclinical 1463:1473 arg1 model 1486:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 2 30 theme acute 354:358 arg1 phase 360:364 the acute phase 350:364 the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function 350:428 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 0 31 theme Sustained 0:8 arg1 Release 16:22 Sustained Local Release 0:22 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 0:112 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 2 32 theme nerve 415:419 arg1 function 421:428 injured nerve function 407:428 injured nerve function 407:428 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 8 33 theme animal 1479:1484 arg1 model 1486:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 7 34 theme growth 1139:1144 arg1 response 1146:1153 early growth response 2 1133:1155 early growth response 2 (EGR2) 1133:1162 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 34 theme growth 1139:1144 arg1 EGR2 1158:1161 EGR2 1158:1161 EGR2 1158:1161 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 6 35 theme swelling 839:846 arg1 ratios 848:853 swelling ratios 839:853 swelling ratios 839:853 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 7 36 from alpha 1320:1324 arg1 macrophages 1285:1295 macrophages 1285:1295 macrophages 1285:1295 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 37 theme inflammatory 1250:1261 arg1 levels 1275:1280 two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels 1246:1280 two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages 1246:1295 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 3 38 theme New 431:433 arg1 approaches 435:444 New approaches 431:444 New approaches for effective recovery of CNC injury 431:481 New approaches for effective recovery of CNC injury are highly desired. 28032743 0 39 theme NGF 27:29 arg1 Release 16:22 Sustained Local Release 0:22 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 0:112 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 0 40 theme Composite 55:63 arg1 Scaffold 65:72 a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold 36:72 a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression 36:111 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 3 41 theme CNC 472:474 arg1 injury 476:481 CNC injury 472:481 CNC injury 472:481 New approaches for effective recovery of CNC injury are highly desired. 28032743 6 42 theme adjustable 802:811 arg1 properties 824:833 adjustable mechanical properties 802:833 adjustable mechanical properties 802:833 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 6 42 theme adjustable 802:811 arg1 ability 860:866 the ability 856:866 the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration 856:935 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 7 43 theme Schwann 1209:1215 arg1 cells 1217:1221 Schwann cells 1209:1221 Schwann cells 1209:1221 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 8 44 theme conduction 1533:1542 arg1 NCV 1554:1556 NCV 1554:1556 NCV 1554:1556 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 8 44 theme conduction 1533:1542 arg1 velocity 1544:1551 nerve conduction velocity 1527:1551 nerve conduction velocity (NCV) 1527:1557 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 1 45 theme chronic 205:211 arg1 pain 230:233 chronic peripheral nerve pain 205:233 chronic peripheral nerve pain 205:233 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 6 46 theme cells 890:894 arg1 growth 896:901 Schwann cells growth 882:901 Schwann cells growth 882:901 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 4 47 theme CNC 584:586 arg1 repair 574:579 the repair 570:579 the repair of CNC 570:586 Here we report for the first time a tissue-engineered approach for the repair of CNC. 28032743 5 48 theme 3D 629:630 arg1 scaffold 632:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold 589:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) 589:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 8 49 theme gastrocnemius 1617:1629 arg1 muscles 1631:1637 gastrocnemius muscles 1617:1637 gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy 1617:1647 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 1 50 theme nerve 224:228 arg1 pain 230:233 chronic peripheral nerve pain 205:233 chronic peripheral nerve pain 205:233 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 5 51 theme cross-linked 599:610 arg1 scaffold 632:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold 589:639 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) 589:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 4 52 theme tissue-engineered 539:555 arg1 approach 557:564 a tissue-engineered approach 537:564 a tissue-engineered approach for the repair of CNC 537:586 Here we report for the first time a tissue-engineered approach for the repair of CNC. 28032743 6 53 theme sericin 770:776 arg1 advantages 738:747 the advantages 734:747 the advantages of both chitosan and sericin 734:776 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 2 54 theme Current 252:258 arg1 treatments 270:279 Current available treatments 252:279 Current available treatments for CNC 252:287 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 1 55 theme common 149:154 arg1 compression 128:138 Chronic nerve compression 114:138 Chronic nerve compression (CNC) 114:144 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 55 theme common 149:154 arg1 form 156:159 a common form 147:159 a common form of peripheral nerve injury 147:186 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 7 56 theme nerve 1056:1060 arg1 recovery 1071:1078 nerve function recovery 1056:1078 nerve function recovery 1056:1078 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 6 57 theme chitosan 757:764 arg1 advantages 738:747 the advantages 734:747 the advantages of both chitosan and sericin 734:776 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 7 58 theme function 1062:1069 arg1 recovery 1071:1078 nerve function recovery 1056:1078 nerve function recovery 1056:1078 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 1 59 theme nerve 175:179 arg1 injury 181:186 peripheral nerve injury 164:186 peripheral nerve injury 164:186 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 7 60 theme genes 1023:1027 arg1 levels 1009:1014 the mRNA levels 1000:1014 the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells 1000:1221 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 0 61 from Scaffold 65:72 arg1 Release 16:22 Sustained Local Release 0:22 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 0:112 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 5 62 theme nerve 656:660 arg1 factor 669:674 nerve growth factor 656:674 nerve growth factor (NGF) 656:680 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 5 62 theme nerve 656:660 arg1 NGF 677:679 NGF 677:679 NGF 677:679 A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. 28032743 1 63 theme Chronic 114:120 arg1 compression 128:138 Chronic nerve compression 114:138 Chronic nerve compression (CNC) 114:144 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 63 theme Chronic 114:120 arg1 form 156:159 a common form 147:159 a common form of peripheral nerve injury 147:186 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 1 63 theme Chronic 114:120 arg1 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 28032743 8 64 theme tissue-engineered 1384:1400 arg1 strategy 1402:1409 our tissue-engineered strategy 1380:1409 our tissue-engineered strategy 1380:1409 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 7 65 theme factor 1313:1318 arg1 TNF-α 1327:1331 TNF-α 1327:1331 TNF-α 1327:1331 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 65 theme factor 1313:1318 arg1 alpha 1320:1324 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1298:1324 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1298:1332 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 66 theme mRNA 1004:1007 arg1 levels 1009:1014 the mRNA levels 1000:1014 the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells 1000:1221 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 67 theme scaffold 980:987 arg1 products 954:961 The degradation products 938:961 The degradation products of the composite scaffold 938:987 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 9 68 theme clinical 1691:1698 arg1 alternative 1700:1710 a promising clinical alternative 1679:1710 a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1679:1767 Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury. 28032743 7 69 theme tumor 1298:1302 arg1 TNF-α 1327:1331 TNF-α 1327:1331 TNF-α 1327:1331 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 69 theme tumor 1298:1302 arg1 alpha 1320:1324 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1298:1324 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1298:1332 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 70 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 NCAM 1200:1203 NCAM 1200:1203 NCAM 1200:1203 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 70 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 molecule 1190:1197 neural cell adhesion molecule 1169:1197 neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1169:1204 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 8 71 theme nerve 1432:1436 arg1 recovery 1449:1456 significant nerve functional recovery 1420:1456 significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model 1420:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 7 72 from beta 1353:1356 arg1 macrophages 1285:1295 macrophages 1285:1295 macrophages 1285:1295 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 9 73 theme chronic 1725:1731 arg1 injury 1762:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury. 28032743 0 74 theme Nerve 95:99 arg1 Compression 101:111 Chronic Nerve Compression 87:111 Chronic Nerve Compression 87:111 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 9 75 theme nerve 1744:1748 arg1 injury 1762:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 chronic peripheral nerve compression injury 1725:1767 Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury. 28032743 7 76 theme mRNA 1270:1273 arg1 levels 1275:1280 two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels 1246:1280 two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages 1246:1295 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 8 77 theme CNC 1475:1477 arg1 model 1486:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 0 78 theme Local 10:14 arg1 Release 16:22 Sustained Local Release 0:22 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 0:112 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 4 79 theme first 526:530 arg1 time 532:535 the first time 522:535 the first time 522:535 Here we report for the first time a tissue-engineered approach for the repair of CNC. 28032743 7 80 theme early 1133:1137 arg1 response 1146:1153 early growth response 2 1133:1155 early growth response 2 (EGR2) 1133:1162 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 7 80 theme early 1133:1137 arg1 EGR2 1158:1161 EGR2 1158:1161 EGR2 1158:1161 The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). 28032743 2 81 theme injured 407:413 arg1 function 421:428 injured nerve function 407:428 injured nerve function 407:428 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 3 82 theme effective 450:458 arg1 recovery 460:467 effective recovery 450:467 effective recovery of CNC injury 450:481 New approaches for effective recovery of CNC injury are highly desired. 28032743 2 83 theme limited 371:377 arg1 capability 379:388 limited capability 371:388 limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function 371:428 Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. 28032743 0 84 theme Chitosan-Sericin 38:53 arg1 Scaffold 65:72 a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold 36:72 a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression 36:111 Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. 28032743 6 85 theme mechanical 813:822 arg1 properties 824:833 adjustable mechanical properties 802:833 adjustable mechanical properties 802:833 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 6 85 theme mechanical 813:822 arg1 ability 860:866 the ability 856:866 the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration 856:935 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 8 86 theme nerve 1527:1531 arg1 NCV 1554:1556 NCV 1554:1556 NCV 1554:1556 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 8 86 theme nerve 1527:1531 arg1 velocity 1544:1551 nerve conduction velocity 1527:1551 nerve conduction velocity (NCV) 1527:1557 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 3 87 theme injury 476:481 arg1 recovery 460:467 effective recovery 450:467 effective recovery of CNC injury 450:481 New approaches for effective recovery of CNC injury are highly desired. 28032743 6 88 theme high 787:790 arg1 porosity 792:799 high porosity 787:799 high porosity 787:799 This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. 28032743 8 89 from recovery 1449:1456 arg1 model 1486:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 a preclinical CNC animal model 1461:1490 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 8 90 theme muscles 1631:1637 arg1 dystrophy 1639:1647 gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy 1617:1647 gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy 1617:1647 Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. 28032743 1 91 theme peripheral 213:222 arg1 pain 230:233 chronic peripheral nerve pain 205:233 chronic peripheral nerve pain 205:233 Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. 24582937 5 0 theme overall 811:817 arg1 region 827:832 The overall optimum region 807:832 The overall optimum region 807:832 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 2 1 theme ± 556:556 arg1 diameter 537:544 maximum diameter 529:544 maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40 529:562 The NFMs were composed of non-woven fibers with maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40. 24582937 6 2 theme nm 1085:1086 arg1 mN/m 1041:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 2 theme nm 1085:1086 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 1 3 theme ratio 168:172 arg1 effect 111:116 The effect 107:116 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) 107:382 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 4 from effect 111:116 arg1 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 4 from effect 111:116 arg1 viscosity 249:257 the viscosity 245:257 the viscosity 245:257 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 4 from effect 111:116 arg1 tension 268:274 surface tension 260:274 surface tension 260:274 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 4 from effect 111:116 arg1 conductivity 291:302 electrical conductivity 280:302 electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions 280:324 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 7 5 theme LiCl 1221:1224 arg1 content 1226:1232 LiCl content 1221:1232 LiCl content 1221:1232 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 2 6 theme 121.70 549:554 arg1 ± 556:556 121.70 ± 33.40 549:562 121.70 ± 33.40 549:562 The NFMs were composed of non-woven fibers with maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40. 24582937 6 7 theme optimum 941:947 arg1 point 949:953 the optimum point 937:953 the optimum point 937:953 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 8 theme ± 1034:1034 arg1 mN/m 1041:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 8 theme ± 1034:1034 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 9 theme 36.21 1028:1032 arg1 mN/m 1041:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 9 theme 36.21 1028:1032 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 10 theme 82.19 1072:1076 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 10 theme 82.19 1072:1076 arg1 ± 1078:1078 82.19 ± 1072:1078 82.19 ± 1072:1078 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 5 11 theme CA 875:876 arg1 level 866:870 the combined level 853:870 the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% 853:900 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 5 11 theme CA 875:876 arg1 content 911:917 LiCl content 906:917 LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v) 906:931 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 4 12 dep NFMs 714:717 arg1 morphology 732:741 morphology 732:741 morphology 732:741 Results showed that the NFMs diameter and morphology were significantly affected by CA and LiCl contents (p<0.0001). 24582937 4 12 dep NFMs 714:717 arg1 diameter 719:726 diameter 719:726 diameter 719:726 Results showed that the NFMs diameter and morphology were significantly affected by CA and LiCl contents (p<0.0001). 24582937 4 12 dep NFMs 714:717 arg1 NFMs 714:717 the NFMs diameter and morphology 710:741 the NFMs diameter and morphology 710:741 Results showed that the NFMs diameter and morphology were significantly affected by CA and LiCl contents (p<0.0001). 24582937 3 13 theme multiple 653:660 arg1 analysis 680:687 multiple linear regression analysis 653:687 multiple linear regression analysis 653:687 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 3 14 theme linear 662:667 arg1 analysis 680:687 multiple linear regression analysis 653:687 multiple linear regression analysis 653:687 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 4 15 theme LiCl 781:784 arg1 contents 786:793 LiCl contents 781:793 LiCl contents 781:793 Results showed that the NFMs diameter and morphology were significantly affected by CA and LiCl contents (p<0.0001). 24582937 5 16 theme PEO 881:883 arg1 ratio 885:889 PEO ratio 881:889 PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% 881:900 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 6 17 theme 3.01 1080:1083 arg1 nm 1085:1086 nm 1085:1086 nm 1085:1086 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 7 18 theme uniform 1112:1118 arg1 NFMs 1134:1137 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs 1103:1137 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs 1103:1137 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 1 19 theme wt 183:184 arg1 % 185:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 19 theme wt 183:184 arg1 ratio 168:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio 121:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) 121:186 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 20 theme solutions 316:324 arg1 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 20 theme solutions 316:324 arg1 viscosity 249:257 the viscosity 245:257 the viscosity 245:257 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 20 theme solutions 316:324 arg1 tension 268:274 surface tension 260:274 surface tension 260:274 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 20 theme solutions 316:324 arg1 conductivity 291:302 electrical conductivity 280:302 electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions 280:324 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 20 theme solutions 316:324 arg1 diameter 330:337 diameter 330:337 diameter 330:337 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 21 theme response 405:412 arg1 design 462:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design 405:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD) 405:478 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 21 theme response 405:412 arg1 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 7 22 theme wt 1191:1192 arg1 CA/PEO 1195:1200 1 wt% CA/PEO 1189:1200 1 wt% CA/PEO 1189:1200 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 0 23 theme Optimal 0:6 arg1 fabrication 8:18 Optimal fabrication 0:18 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 0:105 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 24582937 6 24 theme ± 1053:1053 arg1 ms/cm 1061:1065 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm 1047:1065 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm 1047:1065 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 24 theme ± 1053:1053 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 1 25 theme surface 414:420 arg1 design 462:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design 405:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD) 405:478 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 25 theme surface 414:420 arg1 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 26 theme cellulose 121:129 arg1 % 185:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 26 theme cellulose 121:129 arg1 ratio 168:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio 121:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) 121:186 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 3 27 with models 589:594 arg1 0.977-0.998 619:629 0.977-0.998 619:629 0.977-0.998 619:629 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 3 27 with models 589:594 arg1 values 611:616 high R(2) values 601:616 high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) 601:630 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 0 28 theme nanofiber 23:31 arg1 membranes 33:41 nanofiber membranes 23:41 nanofiber membranes 23:41 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 24582937 7 29 theme % 1193:1193 arg1 CA/PEO 1195:1200 1 wt% CA/PEO 1189:1200 1 wt% CA/PEO 1189:1200 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 1 30 theme methodology-central 422:440 arg1 design 462:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design 405:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD) 405:478 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 30 theme methodology-central 422:440 arg1 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 31 theme acetate 131:137 arg1 % 185:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 31 theme acetate 131:137 arg1 ratio 168:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio 121:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) 121:186 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 5 32 theme combined 857:864 arg1 level 866:870 the combined level 853:870 the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% 853:900 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 3 33 theme regression 669:678 arg1 analysis 680:687 multiple linear regression analysis 653:687 multiple linear regression analysis 653:687 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 6 34 theme 0.425 1009:1013 arg1 ± 1015:1015 ± 1015:1015 ± 1015:1015 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 3 35 theme high 601:604 arg1 0.977-0.998 619:629 0.977-0.998 619:629 0.977-0.998 619:629 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 3 35 theme high 601:604 arg1 values 611:616 high R(2) values 601:616 high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) 601:630 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 1 36 theme lithium 192:198 arg1 LiCl 210:213 LiCl 210:213 LiCl 210:213 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 36 theme lithium 192:198 arg1 chloride 200:207 lithium chloride 192:207 lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) 192:240 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 3 37 theme R 606:606 arg1 0.977-0.998 619:629 0.977-0.998 619:629 0.977-0.998 619:629 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 3 37 theme R 606:606 arg1 values 611:616 high R(2) values 601:616 high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) 601:630 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 6 38 theme 0.383 1047:1051 arg1 ms/cm 1061:1065 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm 1047:1065 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm 1047:1065 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 38 theme 0.383 1047:1051 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 1 39 theme chloride 200:207 arg1 content 216:222 lithium chloride (LiCl) content 192:222 lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) 192:240 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 39 theme chloride 200:207 arg1 % 234:234 0.25-0.75% 225:234 0.25-0.75% 225:234 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 0 40 theme membranes 33:41 arg1 fabrication 8:18 Optimal fabrication 0:18 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 0:105 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 24582937 5 41 theme LiCl 906:909 arg1 content 911:917 LiCl content 906:917 LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v) 906:931 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 1 42 theme composite 442:450 arg1 design 462:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design 405:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD) 405:478 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 42 theme composite 442:450 arg1 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 0 43 theme cellulose/polyethyleneoxide 68:94 arg1 solutions 96:104 ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions 48:104 ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions 48:104 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 24582937 1 44 theme surface 260:266 arg1 tension 268:274 surface tension 260:274 surface tension 260:274 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 2 45 theme maximum 529:535 arg1 diameter 537:544 maximum diameter 529:544 maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40 529:562 The NFMs were composed of non-woven fibers with maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40. 24582937 0 46 from solutions 96:104 arg1 fabrication 8:18 Optimal fabrication 0:18 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 0:105 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 24582937 7 47 theme bead-free 1124:1132 arg1 NFMs 1134:1137 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs 1103:1137 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs 1103:1137 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 1 48 theme rotatable 452:460 arg1 design 462:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design 405:467 response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD) 405:478 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 48 theme rotatable 452:460 arg1 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 RSM-CCRD 470:477 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 49 theme CA 140:141 arg1 % 185:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 49 theme CA 140:141 arg1 ratio 168:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio 121:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) 121:186 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 0 50 theme ionized-bicomponent 48:66 arg1 solutions 96:104 ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions 48:104 ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions 48:104 Optimal fabrication of nanofiber membranes from ionized-bicomponent cellulose/polyethyleneoxide solutions. 24582937 1 51 theme fabricated 346:355 arg1 NFMs 378:381 NFMs 378:381 NFMs 378:381 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 51 theme fabricated 346:355 arg1 membranes 367:375 the fabricated nanofiber membranes 342:375 the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) 342:382 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 5 52 theme % 925:925 arg1 level 866:870 the combined level 853:870 the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% 853:900 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 5 52 theme % 925:925 arg1 content 911:917 LiCl content 906:917 LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v) 906:931 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 6 53 theme surface 971:977 arg1 tension 979:985 surface tension 971:985 surface tension 971:985 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 7 54 theme content 1226:1232 arg1 content 1226:1232 LiCl content 1221:1232 LiCl content 1221:1232 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 7 54 theme content 1226:1232 arg1 w/v 1213:1215 w/v 1213:1215 w/v 1213:1215 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 7 54 theme content 1226:1232 arg1 CA/PEO 1195:1200 1 wt% CA/PEO 1189:1200 1 wt% CA/PEO 1189:1200 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 7 54 theme content 1226:1232 arg1 % 1210:1210 0.85% 1206:1210 0.85% (w/v) 1206:1216 The most uniform and bead-free NFMs were fabricated from the solution formulated with 1 wt% CA/PEO and 0.85% (w/v) of LiCl content. 24582937 1 55 theme nanofiber 357:365 arg1 NFMs 378:381 NFMs 378:381 NFMs 378:381 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 55 theme nanofiber 357:365 arg1 membranes 367:375 the fabricated nanofiber membranes 342:375 the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) 342:382 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 3 56 theme Second-order 565:576 arg1 models 589:594 Second-order polynomial models 565:594 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) 565:630 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 1 57 theme /polyethyleneoxide 143:160 arg1 % 185:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 57 theme /polyethyleneoxide 143:160 arg1 ratio 168:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio 121:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) 121:186 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 2 58 theme non-woven 507:515 arg1 fibers 517:522 non-woven fibers 507:522 non-woven fibers with maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40 507:562 The NFMs were composed of non-woven fibers with maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40. 24582937 1 59 theme membranes 367:375 arg1 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 59 theme membranes 367:375 arg1 viscosity 249:257 the viscosity 245:257 the viscosity 245:257 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 59 theme membranes 367:375 arg1 tension 268:274 surface tension 260:274 surface tension 260:274 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 59 theme membranes 367:375 arg1 conductivity 291:302 electrical conductivity 280:302 electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions 280:324 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 59 theme membranes 367:375 arg1 diameter 330:337 diameter 330:337 diameter 330:337 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 3 60 theme polynomial 578:587 arg1 models 589:594 Second-order polynomial models 565:594 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) 565:630 Second-order polynomial models with high R(2) values (0.977-0.998) were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. 24582937 6 61 from point 949:953 arg1 ms/cm 1061:1065 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm 1047:1065 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm 1047:1065 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 61 from point 949:953 arg1 mN/m 1041:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m 1028:1044 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 61 from point 949:953 arg1 Pas 1023:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas 1009:1025 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 61 from point 949:953 arg1 ± 1078:1078 82.19 ± 1072:1078 82.19 ± 1072:1078 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 6 61 from point 949:953 arg1 viscosity 960:968 the viscosity 956:968 the viscosity 956:968 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 1 62 dep % 234:234 arg1 w/v 237:239 w/v 237:239 w/v 237:239 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 5 63 theme wt 898:899 arg1 % 900:900 1.5 wt% 894:900 1.5 wt% 894:900 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 1 64 theme PEO 163:165 arg1 % 185:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 0.5-1.5 wt% 175:185 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 64 theme PEO 163:165 arg1 ratio 168:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio 121:172 cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) 121:186 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 65 theme content 216:222 arg1 effect 111:116 The effect 107:116 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) 107:382 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 66 theme electrical 280:289 arg1 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 EC 305:306 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 1 66 theme electrical 280:289 arg1 conductivity 291:302 electrical conductivity 280:302 electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions 280:324 The effect of cellulose acetate (CA)/polyethyleneoxide (PEO) ratio (0.5-1.5 wt%) and lithium chloride (LiCl) content (0.25-0.75%, w/v) on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity (EC) of the solutions and diameter of the fabricated nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were optimized using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). 24582937 5 67 theme % 900:900 arg1 ratio 885:889 PEO ratio 881:889 PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% 881:900 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 6 68 theme 0.036 1017:1021 arg1 ± 1015:1015 ± 1015:1015 ± 1015:1015 At the optimum point, the viscosity, surface tension, EC and diameter were 0.425 ± 0.036 Pas, 36.21 ± 1.25 mN/m, 0.383 ± 0.014 ms/cm, and 82.19 ± 3.01 nm, respectively. 24582937 5 69 theme optimum 819:825 arg1 region 827:832 The overall optimum region 807:832 The overall optimum region 807:832 The overall optimum region was found to be at the combined level of CA to PEO ratio of 1.5 wt% and LiCl content of 0.5% (w/v). 24582937 2 70 with fibers 517:522 arg1 diameter 537:544 maximum diameter 529:544 maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40 529:562 The NFMs were composed of non-woven fibers with maximum diameter of 121.70 ± 33.40. 24299814 2 0 theme 3 495:495 arg1 % 496:496 % 496:496 % 496:496 ZEO and MEO decreased the WVP of the emulsified films; for example, 3% ZEO reduced WVP by around 80%. 24299814 1 1 contain containing 172:181 arg1 films 166:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films 112:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 112:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 1 1 contain containing 172:181 arg2 concentrations 193:206 different concentrations 183:206 different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 183:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 11 2 theme antimicrobial 1781:1793 arg1 films 1818:1822 antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films 1781:1822 antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications 1781:1844 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 0 3 theme antimicrobial 88:100 arg1 activity 102:109 improved antimicrobial activity 79:109 improved antimicrobial activity 79:109 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films incorporated plant essential oils with improved antimicrobial activity. 24299814 3 4 dep % 663:663 arg1 to 665:666 to 665:666 to 665:666 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 3 5 from % 673:673 arg1 values 596:601 values 596:601 values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% 596:673 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 5 6 theme scanning 900:907 arg1 microscopy 918:927 scanning electron microscopy 900:927 scanning electron microscopy 900:927 These properties were related to the film's microstructure as analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 24299814 10 7 theme inhibitory 1562:1571 arg1 zone 1573:1576 The total inhibitory zone 1552:1576 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1552:1609 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 10 7 theme inhibitory 1562:1571 arg1 20.43 1615:1619 20.43 1615:1619 20.43 1615:1619 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 3 8 dep % 637:637 arg1 to 639:640 to 639:640 to 639:640 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 11 9 theme good 1720:1723 arg1 potential 1725:1733 good potential 1720:1733 good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications 1720:1844 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 9 10 theme highest 1436:1442 arg1 zone 1455:1458 A highest inhibition zone 1434:1458 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) 1434:1474 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) was observed for S. aureus around the films incorporated with 3% (v/v) ZEO. 24299814 4 11 theme lower 785:789 arg1 gloss 791:795 lower gloss 785:795 lower gloss 785:795 Carrageenan-composite films were less resistant to breakage, more flexible and more opaque with lower gloss. 24299814 5 12 theme atomic 872:877 arg1 microscopy 885:894 atomic force microscopy 872:894 atomic force microscopy 872:894 These properties were related to the film's microstructure as analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 24299814 6 13 theme ZEO 1013:1015 arg1 films 1028:1032 ZEO containing films 1013:1032 ZEO containing films 1013:1032 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 7 14 theme vapor 1309:1313 arg1 phase 1315:1319 a vapor phase 1307:1319 a vapor phase 1307:1319 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 5 15 theme force 879:883 arg1 microscopy 885:894 atomic force microscopy 872:894 atomic force microscopy 872:894 These properties were related to the film's microstructure as analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 24299814 7 16 from effective 1242:1250 arg1 method 1295:1300 the direct-contact method 1276:1300 the direct-contact method 1276:1300 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 2 17 theme films 475:479 arg1 WVP 453:455 the WVP 449:455 the WVP of the emulsified films 449:479 ZEO and MEO decreased the WVP of the emulsified films; for example, 3% ZEO reduced WVP by around 80%. 24299814 1 18 theme antimicrobial 382:394 arg1 properties 396:405 antimicrobial properties 382:405 antimicrobial properties 382:405 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 3 19 from break 621:625 arg1 elongation 607:616 elongation 607:616 elongation at break 607:625 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 11 20 theme antioxidant 1799:1809 arg1 films 1818:1822 antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films 1781:1822 antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications 1781:1844 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 2 21 theme emulsified 464:473 arg1 films 475:479 the emulsified films 460:479 the emulsified films 460:479 ZEO and MEO decreased the WVP of the emulsified films; for example, 3% ZEO reduced WVP by around 80%. 24299814 3 22 theme 44.74 642:646 arg1 % 637:637 % 637:637 % 637:637 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 10 23 theme 3 1581:1581 arg1 % 1582:1582 % 1582:1582 % 1582:1582 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 10 24 theme % 1582:1582 arg1 films 1605:1609 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1581:1609 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1581:1609 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 1 25 theme ZEO 237:239 arg1 concentrations 193:206 different concentrations 183:206 different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 183:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 11 26 contain have 1715:1718 arg2 potential 1725:1733 good potential 1720:1733 good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications 1720:1844 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 11 26 contain have 1715:1718 arg1 MEO 1711:1713 MEO 1711:1713 MEO 1711:1713 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 11 26 contain have 1715:1718 arg1 ZEO 1703:1705 ZEO 1703:1705 ZEO 1703:1705 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 6 27 contain having 1112:1117 arg2 MEO 1119:1121 MEO 1119:1121 MEO 1119:1121 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 6 27 contain having 1112:1117 arg1 those 1106:1110 those 1106:1110 those 1106:1110 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 1 28 theme Antioxidant 112:122 arg1 films 166:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films 112:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 112:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 6 29 theme films 977:981 arg1 properties 959:968 the antioxidant properties 943:968 the antioxidant properties of the films 943:981 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 0 30 theme films 34:38 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films 0:38 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films incorporated plant essential oils with improved antimicrobial activity. 24299814 1 31 theme water 309:313 arg1 WVP 335:337 WVP 335:337 WVP 335:337 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 1 31 theme water 309:313 arg1 permeability 321:332 their water vapor permeability 303:332 their water vapor permeability (WVP) 303:338 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 6 32 theme DPPH 1041:1044 arg1 scavenging 1054:1063 DPPH radical scavenging 1041:1063 DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO 1041:1121 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 6 33 theme radical 1046:1052 arg1 scavenging 1054:1063 DPPH radical scavenging 1041:1063 DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO 1041:1121 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 9 34 theme inhibition 1444:1453 arg1 zone 1455:1458 A highest inhibition zone 1434:1458 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) 1434:1474 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) was observed for S. aureus around the films incorporated with 3% (v/v) ZEO. 24299814 3 35 dep % 572:572 arg1 to 574:575 to 574:575 to 574:575 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 0 36 theme κ-carrageenan 20:32 arg1 films 34:38 κ-carrageenan films 20:38 κ-carrageenan films 20:38 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films incorporated plant essential oils with improved antimicrobial activity. 24299814 1 37 theme vapor 315:319 arg1 WVP 335:337 WVP 335:337 WVP 335:337 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 1 37 theme vapor 315:319 arg1 permeability 321:332 their water vapor permeability 303:332 their water vapor permeability (WVP) 303:338 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 6 38 theme % 1072:1072 arg1 scavenging 1054:1063 DPPH radical scavenging 1041:1063 DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO 1041:1121 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 11 39 theme edible 1811:1816 arg1 films 1818:1822 antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films 1781:1822 antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications 1781:1844 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 1 40 theme antimicrobial 128:140 arg1 films 166:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films 112:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 112:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 10 41 theme total 1556:1560 arg1 zone 1573:1576 The total inhibitory zone 1552:1576 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1552:1609 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 10 41 theme total 1556:1560 arg1 20.43 1615:1619 20.43 1615:1619 20.43 1615:1619 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 1 42 theme Mentha 246:251 arg1 concentrations 193:206 different concentrations 183:206 different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 183:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 0 43 theme plant 53:57 arg1 oils 69:72 plant essential oils 53:72 plant essential oils 53:72 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films incorporated plant essential oils with improved antimicrobial activity. 24299814 3 44 theme 36.09 658:662 arg1 % 663:663 % 663:663 % 663:663 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 9 45 theme 3 1538:1538 arg1 % 1539:1539 % 1539:1539 % 1539:1539 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) was observed for S. aureus around the films incorporated with 3% (v/v) ZEO. 24299814 1 46 dep ZEO 237:239 arg1 oils 278:281 essential oils 268:281 essential oils 268:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 7 47 theme essential 1192:1200 arg1 oils 1202:1205 essential oils 1192:1205 essential oils 1192:1205 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 7 47 theme essential 1192:1200 arg1 ZEO 1221:1223 ZEO 1221:1223 ZEO 1221:1223 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 9 48 theme % 1539:1539 arg1 ZEO 1547:1549 3% (v/v) ZEO 1538:1549 3% (v/v) ZEO 1538:1549 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) was observed for S. aureus around the films incorporated with 3% (v/v) ZEO. 24299814 3 49 theme 1 571:571 arg1 % 572:572 % 572:572 % 572:572 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 6 50 theme antioxidant 947:957 arg1 properties 959:968 the antioxidant properties 943:968 the antioxidant properties of the films 943:981 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 9 51 dep % 1539:1539 arg1 v/v 1542:1544 v/v 1542:1544 v/v 1542:1544 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) was observed for S. aureus around the films incorporated with 3% (v/v) ZEO. 24299814 1 52 theme kappa-carrageenan-based 142:164 arg1 films 166:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films 112:170 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 112:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 0 53 theme essential 59:67 arg1 oils 69:72 plant essential oils 53:72 plant essential oils 53:72 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films incorporated plant essential oils with improved antimicrobial activity. 24299814 3 54 theme 41.25 668:672 arg1 % 663:663 % 663:663 % 663:663 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 3 55 theme MEO 562:564 arg1 content 544:550 the content 540:550 the content of ZEO or MEO 540:564 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 7 56 from method 1295:1300 arg1 effective 1242:1250 effective 1242:1250 effective 1242:1250 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 10 57 theme formulated 1594:1603 arg1 films 1605:1609 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1581:1609 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1581:1609 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 11 58 theme food 1828:1831 arg1 applications 1833:1844 food applications 1828:1844 food applications 1828:1844 These results revealed that ZEO and MEO have good potential to be incorporated into κ-carrageenan to make antimicrobial and antioxidant edible films for food applications. 24299814 9 59 theme mm 1470:1471 arg1 zone 1455:1458 A highest inhibition zone 1434:1458 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) 1434:1474 A highest inhibition zone of 544.05 mm(2) was observed for S. aureus around the films incorporated with 3% (v/v) ZEO. 24299814 3 60 theme 3 577:577 arg1 % 572:572 % 572:572 % 572:572 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 7 61 theme direct-contact 1280:1293 arg1 method 1295:1300 the direct-contact method 1276:1300 the direct-contact method 1276:1300 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 6 62 theme containing 1017:1026 arg1 films 1028:1032 ZEO containing films 1013:1032 ZEO containing films 1013:1032 ZEO affected the antioxidant properties of the films more markedly than MEO, e.g., ZEO containing films showed DPPH radical scavenging of 80.6% which were two-fold higher than those having MEO. 24299814 4 63 theme Carrageenan-composite 689:709 arg1 films 711:715 Carrageenan-composite films 689:715 Carrageenan-composite films 689:715 Carrageenan-composite films were less resistant to breakage, more flexible and more opaque with lower gloss. 24299814 1 64 theme different 183:191 arg1 concentrations 193:206 different concentrations 183:206 different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils 183:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 10 65 theme films 1605:1609 arg1 zone 1573:1576 The total inhibitory zone 1552:1576 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1552:1609 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 10 65 theme films 1605:1609 arg1 20.43 1615:1619 20.43 1615:1619 20.43 1615:1619 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 10 66 dep % 1582:1582 arg1 v/v 1585:1587 v/v 1585:1587 v/v 1585:1587 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 0 67 theme improved 79:86 arg1 activity 102:109 improved antimicrobial activity 79:109 improved antimicrobial activity 79:109 Characterization of κ-carrageenan films incorporated plant essential oils with improved antimicrobial activity. 24299814 8 68 theme sensitive 1357:1365 arg1 aureus 1325:1330 S. aureus 1322:1330 S. aureus 1322:1330 S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive bacterium to either ZEO or MEO, followed by B. cereus and E. coli. 24299814 8 68 theme sensitive 1357:1365 arg1 bacterium 1367:1375 the most sensitive bacterium 1348:1375 the most sensitive bacterium to either ZEO or MEO 1348:1396 S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive bacterium to either ZEO or MEO, followed by B. cereus and E. coli. 24299814 5 69 theme electron 909:916 arg1 microscopy 918:927 scanning electron microscopy 900:927 scanning electron microscopy 900:927 These properties were related to the film's microstructure as analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 24299814 7 70 theme antimicrobial 1135:1147 arg1 activities 1149:1158 The films' antimicrobial activities 1124:1158 The films' antimicrobial activities 1124:1158 The films' antimicrobial activities were increased by incorporating essential oils, particularly ZEO, which were more effective against the bacteria in the direct-contact method than a vapor phase. 24299814 4 71 with opaque 773:778 arg1 gloss 791:795 lower gloss 785:795 lower gloss 785:795 Carrageenan-composite films were less resistant to breakage, more flexible and more opaque with lower gloss. 24299814 1 72 theme essential 268:276 arg1 oils 278:281 essential oils 268:281 essential oils 268:281 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 2 73 theme % 496:496 arg1 ZEO 498:500 3% ZEO 495:500 3% ZEO 495:500 ZEO and MEO decreased the WVP of the emulsified films; for example, 3% ZEO reduced WVP by around 80%. 24299814 3 74 theme 37.43 632:636 arg1 % 637:637 % 637:637 % 637:637 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 1 75 dep Mentha 246:251 arg1 pulegium 253:260 Mentha pulegium (MEO) 246:266 Mentha pulegium (MEO) 246:266 Antioxidant and antimicrobial kappa-carrageenan-based films containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Mentha pulegium (MEO) essential oils were developed, and their water vapor permeability (WVP), optical, microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were characterized. 24299814 10 76 theme MEO 1590:1592 arg1 films 1605:1609 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1581:1609 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films 1581:1609 The total inhibitory zone of 3% (v/v) MEO formulated films was 20.43 for S. typhimurium and 10.15 mm(2) for P. aeruginosa. 24299814 3 77 theme ZEO 555:557 arg1 content 544:550 the content 540:550 the content of ZEO or MEO 540:564 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 24299814 3 78 from % 647:647 arg1 values 596:601 values 596:601 values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% 596:673 Increasing the content of ZEO or MEO from 1% to 3% (v/v) increased values for elongation at break from 37.43% to 44.74% and from 36.09% to 41.25% respectively. 28151637 4 0 theme first 784:788 arg1 step 790:793 the first step 780:793 the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus 780:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 4 0 theme first 784:788 arg1 Binding 711:717 Binding 711:717 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein 711:775 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 2 1 theme academic 320:327 arg1 federal 330:336 academic, federal, and industry research groups 320:366 federal 330:336 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 6 2 theme E-GAG 1235:1239 arg1 interaction 1241:1251 the ZIKV E-GAG interaction 1226:1251 the ZIKV E-GAG interaction 1226:1251 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 1 3 theme severe 230:235 arg1 anomalies 243:251 severe fetal anomalies 230:251 severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans 230:283 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 9 4 theme Compositional 1644:1656 arg1 analysis 1658:1665 Compositional analysis 1644:1665 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies 1644:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 11 5 theme ZIKV 2271:2274 arg1 pathogenesis 2255:2266 the pathogenesis 2251:2266 the pathogenesis of ZIKV 2251:2274 They may also assist us in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and guide us in designing therapeutics to combat ZIKV with more insight. 28151637 6 6 theme = 1096:1096 arg1 nM 1102:1103 KD = 443 nM 1093:1103 KD = 443 nM 1093:1103 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 6 6 theme = 1096:1096 arg1 heparin 1121:1127 pharmaceutical heparin 1106:1127 (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP) 1092:1132 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 4 7 theme envelope 760:767 arg1 protein 769:775 its envelope protein 756:775 its envelope protein 756:775 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 10 8 theme other 2162:2166 arg1 flaviviruses 2179:2190 other pathogenic flaviviruses 2162:2190 other pathogenic flaviviruses 2162:2190 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 3 9 theme dengue 655:660 arg1 virus 662:666 dengue virus 655:666 dengue virus 655:666 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 10 10 theme cell 2123:2126 arg1 entry 2128:2132 host cell entry 2118:2132 host cell entry of Zika virus 2118:2146 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 9 11 theme heparan 1931:1937 arg1 unit 1998:2001 the dominant repeating unit 1975:2001 the dominant repeating unit of HP 1975:2007 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 11 theme heparan 1931:1937 arg1 sulfate 1939:1945 heparan sulfate 1931:1945 heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content 1931:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 12 theme GAGs 1676:1679 arg1 analysis 1658:1665 Compositional analysis 1644:1665 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies 1644:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 12 theme GAGs 1676:1679 arg1 studies 1704:1710 SPR binding studies 1692:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies 1644:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 4 13 theme dengue 831:836 arg1 virus 838:842 dengue virus 831:842 dengue virus 831:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 9 14 with interactions 1822:1833 arg1 ZIKV 1840:1843 ZIKV 1840:1843 ZIKV 1840:1843 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 3 15 theme Nile 674:677 arg1 virus 679:683 West Nile virus 669:683 West Nile virus 669:683 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 5 16 theme interaction 934:944 arg1 study 946:950 a real time interaction study 922:950 a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 922:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 9 17 theme SPR 1692:1694 arg1 studies 1704:1710 SPR binding studies 1692:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies 1644:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 7 18 dep 18 1372:1373 arg1 to 1369:1370 to 1369:1370 to 1369:1370 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 4 19 theme host 809:812 arg1 invasion 819:826 successful host cell invasion 798:826 successful host cell invasion of dengue virus 798:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 5 20 theme cell 1026:1029 arg1 entry 1031:1035 host cell entry 1021:1035 host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 1021:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 3 21 theme yellow 690:695 arg1 virus 703:707 yellow fever virus 690:707 yellow fever virus 690:707 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 6 22 theme pharmaceutical 1106:1119 arg1 HP 1130:1131 HP 1130:1131 HP 1130:1131 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 6 22 theme pharmaceutical 1106:1119 arg1 nM 1102:1103 KD = 443 nM 1093:1103 KD = 443 nM 1093:1103 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 6 22 theme pharmaceutical 1106:1119 arg1 heparin 1121:1127 pharmaceutical heparin 1106:1127 (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP) 1092:1132 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 6 22 theme pharmaceutical 1106:1119 arg1 GAG 1153:1155 a highly sulfated GAG 1135:1155 a highly sulfated GAG 1135:1155 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 5 23 theme real 924:927 arg1 study 946:950 a real time interaction study 922:950 a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 922:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 8 24 theme human 1541:1545 arg1 placentas 1547:1555 human placentas 1541:1555 human placentas 1541:1555 Next, we examined GAGs prepared from human placentas to determine if they bound ZIKV E, possibly mediating placental cell invasion of ZIKV. 28151637 1 25 theme Public 127:132 arg1 Emergency 141:149 a Public Health Emergency 125:149 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV) 125:195 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 7 26 theme saccharide 1375:1384 arg1 units 1386:1390 4 to 18 saccharide units 1367:1390 4 to 18 saccharide units in length 1367:1400 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 2 27 theme therapeutic 459:469 arg1 strategies 471:480 therapeutic strategies 459:480 therapeutic strategies 459:480 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 7 28 with oligosaccharides 1462:1477 arg1 saccharides 1490:1500 8-18 saccharides 1485:1500 8-18 saccharides 1485:1500 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 9 29 theme chondroitin 1729:1739 arg1 sulfate 1741:1747 chondroitin sulfate 1729:1747 chondroitin sulfate 1729:1747 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 30 theme higher 1954:1959 arg1 content 1966:1972 a higher TriS content 1952:1972 a higher TriS content 1952:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 6 31 theme lower 1173:1177 arg1 avidity 1179:1185 lower avidity 1173:1185 lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs 1173:1207 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 7 32 theme 8-18 1485:1488 arg1 saccharides 1490:1500 8-18 saccharides 1485:1500 8-18 saccharides 1485:1500 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 10 33 used utilized 2083:2090 arg2 factors 2106:2112 attachment factors 2095:2112 attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus 2095:2146 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 10 33 used utilized 2083:2090 arg2 GAGs 2071:2074 GAGs 2071:2074 GAGs 2071:2074 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 1 34 theme International 154:166 arg1 Concern 168:174 International Concern 154:174 International Concern 154:174 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 9 35 theme sulfate 1761:1767 arg1 GAGs 1769:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 5 36 theme plasmon 966:972 arg1 SPR 985:987 SPR 985:987 SPR 985:987 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 5 36 theme plasmon 966:972 arg1 resonance 974:982 surface plasmon resonance 958:982 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 958:988 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 7 37 theme HP 1459:1460 arg1 oligosaccharides 1462:1477 longer HP oligosaccharides 1452:1477 longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides) 1452:1501 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 9 38 theme repeating 1988:1996 arg1 unit 1998:2001 the dominant repeating unit 1975:2001 the dominant repeating unit of HP 1975:2007 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 38 theme repeating 1988:1996 arg1 sulfate 1939:1945 heparan sulfate 1931:1945 heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content 1931:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 6 39 theme sulfated 1144:1151 arg1 GAG 1153:1155 a highly sulfated GAG 1135:1155 a highly sulfated GAG 1135:1155 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 6 39 theme sulfated 1144:1151 arg1 heparin 1121:1127 pharmaceutical heparin 1106:1127 (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP) 1092:1132 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 5 40 theme envelope 877:884 arg1 protein 886:892 ZIKV envelope protein 872:892 ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs 872:917 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 5 40 theme envelope 877:884 arg1 E 900:900 ZIKV E 895:900 ZIKV E 895:900 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 2 41 theme industry 343:350 arg1 groups 361:366 academic, federal, and industry research groups 320:366 groups 361:366 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 5 42 theme host 1021:1024 arg1 entry 1031:1035 host cell entry 1021:1035 host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 1021:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 8 43 theme ZIKV 1638:1641 arg1 invasion 1626:1633 placental cell invasion 1611:1633 placental cell invasion of ZIKV 1611:1641 Next, we examined GAGs prepared from human placentas to determine if they bound ZIKV E, possibly mediating placental cell invasion of ZIKV. 28151637 10 44 theme host 2118:2121 arg1 entry 2128:2132 host cell entry 2118:2132 host cell entry of Zika virus 2118:2146 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 0 45 theme Zika 15:18 arg1 Protein 35:41 Zika Virus Envelope Protein 15:41 Zika Virus Envelope Protein 15:41 Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans. 28151637 1 46 theme infected 269:276 arg1 humans 278:283 congenitally infected humans 256:283 congenitally infected humans 256:283 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 7 47 theme chain 1328:1332 arg1 oligosaccharides 1344:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides 1320:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1320:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 1 48 theme Health 96:101 arg1 Organization 103:114 the World Health Organization 86:114 the World Health Organization 86:114 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 7 49 theme ZIKV 1421:1424 arg1 E 1426:1426 ZIKV E 1421:1426 ZIKV E 1421:1426 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 3 50 contain have 522:525 arg1 we 506:507 we 506:507 we 506:507 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 3 50 contain have 522:525 arg2 picture 538:544 the entire picture 527:544 the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV 527:572 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 8 51 theme cell 1621:1624 arg1 invasion 1626:1633 placental cell invasion 1611:1633 placental cell invasion of ZIKV 1611:1641 Next, we examined GAGs prepared from human placentas to determine if they bound ZIKV E, possibly mediating placental cell invasion of ZIKV. 28151637 6 52 theme sulfated 1195:1202 arg1 GAGs 1204:1207 less sulfated GAGs 1190:1207 less sulfated GAGs 1190:1207 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 0 53 theme Envelope 26:33 arg1 Protein 35:41 Zika Virus Envelope Protein 15:41 Zika Virus Envelope Protein 15:41 Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans. 28151637 10 54 theme Zika 2137:2140 arg1 virus 2142:2146 Zika virus 2137:2146 Zika virus 2137:2146 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 11 55 theme more 2335:2338 arg1 insight 2340:2346 more insight 2335:2346 more insight 2335:2346 They may also assist us in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and guide us in designing therapeutics to combat ZIKV with more insight. 28151637 5 56 theme GAGs 1013:1016 arg1 role 1005:1008 the role 1001:1008 the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 1001:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 7 57 theme competition 1296:1306 arg1 assays 1308:1313 SPR competition assays 1292:1313 SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1292:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 9 58 theme low-micromolar 1807:1820 arg1 interactions 1822:1833 low-micromolar interactions 1807:1833 low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS 1807:1868 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 3 59 theme pathogenic 624:633 arg1 flaviviruses 635:646 related pathogenic flaviviruses 616:646 related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus) 616:708 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 0 60 with Interaction 0:10 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 48:65 Glycosaminoglycans 48:65 Glycosaminoglycans 48:65 Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans. 28151637 2 61 theme urgent 302:307 arg1 efforts 309:315 urgent efforts 302:315 urgent efforts 302:315 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 9 62 dep ZIKV 1913:1916 arg1 shows 2010:2014 shows 2010:2014 shows a high affinity for ZIKV E 2010:2041 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 62 dep ZIKV 1913:1916 arg1 E. 1918:1919 ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E 1913:2041 ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E 1913:2041 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 63 theme brain 1861:1865 arg1 CS 1867:1868 Both porcine brain CS 1848:1868 Both porcine brain CS 1848:1868 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 8 64 theme placental 1611:1619 arg1 invasion 1626:1633 placental cell invasion 1611:1633 placental cell invasion of ZIKV 1611:1641 Next, we examined GAGs prepared from human placentas to determine if they bound ZIKV E, possibly mediating placental cell invasion of ZIKV. 28151637 5 65 theme ZIKV 1040:1043 arg1 entry 1031:1035 host cell entry 1021:1035 host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 1021:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 5 66 from role 1005:1008 arg1 entry 1031:1035 host cell entry 1021:1035 host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 1021:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 11 67 with ZIKV 2325:2328 arg1 insight 2340:2346 more insight 2335:2346 more insight 2335:2346 They may also assist us in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and guide us in designing therapeutics to combat ZIKV with more insight. 28151637 6 68 theme ZIKV 1230:1233 arg1 interaction 1241:1251 the ZIKV E-GAG interaction 1226:1251 the ZIKV E-GAG interaction 1226:1251 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 1 69 theme fetal 237:241 arg1 anomalies 243:251 severe fetal anomalies 230:251 severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans 230:283 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 3 70 theme West 669:672 arg1 virus 679:683 West Nile virus 669:683 West Nile virus 669:683 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 6 71 theme KD 1093:1094 arg1 nM 1102:1103 KD = 443 nM 1093:1103 KD = 443 nM 1093:1103 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 6 71 theme KD 1093:1094 arg1 heparin 1121:1127 pharmaceutical heparin 1106:1127 (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP) 1092:1132 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 1 72 theme Concern 168:174 arg1 Emergency 141:149 a Public Health Emergency 125:149 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV) 125:195 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 9 73 theme micromolar 1889:1898 arg1 binding 1900:1906 micromolar binding 1889:1906 micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E 1889:2041 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 7 74 with assays 1308:1313 arg1 oligosaccharides 1344:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides 1320:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1320:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 1 75 theme Zika 179:182 arg1 ZIKV 191:194 ZIKV 191:194 ZIKV 191:194 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 1 75 theme Zika 179:182 arg1 Virus 184:188 Zika Virus 179:188 Zika Virus (ZIKV) 179:195 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 9 76 dep CS 1867:1868 arg1 E. 1845:1846 E. 1845:1846 E. 1845:1846 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 4 77 theme virus 838:842 arg1 invasion 819:826 successful host cell invasion 798:826 successful host cell invasion of dengue virus 798:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 6 78 theme ZIKV 1070:1073 arg1 E 1075:1075 ZIKV E 1070:1075 ZIKV E 1070:1075 ZIKV E strongly binds (KD = 443 nM) pharmaceutical heparin (HP), a highly sulfated GAG, and binds with lower avidity to less sulfated GAGs, suggesting that the ZIKV E-GAG interaction may be electrostatically driven. 28151637 9 79 theme binding 1696:1702 arg1 studies 1704:1710 SPR binding studies 1692:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies 1644:1710 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 10 80 theme pathogenic 2168:2177 arg1 flaviviruses 2179:2190 other pathogenic flaviviruses 2162:2190 other pathogenic flaviviruses 2162:2190 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 5 81 theme surface 958:964 arg1 SPR 985:987 SPR 985:987 SPR 985:987 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 5 81 theme surface 958:964 arg1 resonance 974:982 surface plasmon resonance 958:982 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 958:988 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 3 82 theme entire 531:536 arg1 picture 538:544 the entire picture 527:544 the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV 527:572 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 4 83 theme successful 798:807 arg1 invasion 819:826 successful host cell invasion 798:826 successful host cell invasion of dengue virus 798:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 3 84 theme fever 697:701 arg1 virus 703:707 yellow fever virus 690:707 yellow fever virus 690:707 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 3 85 theme ZIKV 569:572 arg1 pathogenesis 553:564 the pathogenesis 549:564 the pathogenesis of ZIKV 549:572 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 9 86 with sulfate 1939:1945 arg1 content 1966:1972 a higher TriS content 1952:1972 a higher TriS content 1952:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 4 87 theme cell 814:817 arg1 invasion 819:826 successful host cell invasion 798:826 successful host cell invasion of dengue virus 798:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 9 88 theme ZIKV 2036:2039 arg1 E 2041:2041 ZIKV E 2036:2041 ZIKV E 2036:2041 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 5 89 theme time 929:932 arg1 study 946:950 a real time interaction study 922:950 a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain 922:1067 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 3 90 theme pathogenesis 553:564 arg1 picture 538:544 the entire picture 527:544 the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV 527:572 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 1 91 theme Health 134:139 arg1 Emergency 141:149 a Public Health Emergency 125:149 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV) 125:195 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 9 92 theme sulfate 1741:1747 arg1 GAGs 1769:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 93 theme TriS 1961:1964 arg1 content 1966:1972 a higher TriS content 1952:1972 a higher TriS content 1952:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 4 94 from step 790:793 arg1 invasion 819:826 successful host cell invasion 798:826 successful host cell invasion of dengue virus 798:842 Binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through its envelope protein is the first step in successful host cell invasion of dengue virus. 28151637 7 95 from units 1386:1390 arg1 length 1395:1400 length 1395:1400 length 1395:1400 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 7 95 from units 1386:1390 arg1 oligosaccharides 1344:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides 1320:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1320:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 2 96 theme detection 440:448 arg1 methods 450:456 detection methods 440:456 detection methods 440:456 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 9 97 theme heparan 1753:1759 arg1 sulfate 1761:1767 heparan sulfate 1753:1767 heparan sulfate 1753:1767 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 98 attach present 1775:1781 arg1 placenta 1790:1797 the placenta 1786:1797 the placenta 1786:1797 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 98 attach present 1775:1781 arg2 GAGs 1769:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 7 99 theme HP 1341:1342 arg1 oligosaccharides 1344:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides 1320:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1320:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 10 100 theme attachment 2095:2104 arg1 GAGs 2071:2074 GAGs 2071:2074 GAGs 2071:2074 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 10 100 theme attachment 2095:2104 arg1 factors 2106:2112 attachment factors 2095:2112 attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus 2095:2146 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 9 101 theme dominant 1979:1986 arg1 unit 1998:2001 the dominant repeating unit 1975:2001 the dominant repeating unit of HP 1975:2007 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 101 theme dominant 1979:1986 arg1 sulfate 1939:1945 heparan sulfate 1931:1945 heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content 1931:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 1 102 from Emergency 141:149 arg1 ZIKV 191:194 ZIKV 191:194 ZIKV 191:194 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 1 102 from Emergency 141:149 arg1 Virus 184:188 Zika Virus 179:188 Zika Virus (ZIKV) 179:195 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 5 103 theme ZIKV 872:875 arg1 protein 886:892 ZIKV envelope protein 872:892 ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs 872:917 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 5 103 theme ZIKV 872:875 arg1 E 900:900 ZIKV E 895:900 ZIKV E 895:900 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 9 104 theme present 1775:1781 arg1 GAGs 1769:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs 1724:1772 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 2 105 dep federal 330:336 arg1 improve 371:377 improve 371:377 to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV 368:423 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 2 105 dep federal 330:336 arg1 develop 432:438 develop 432:438 to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines 429:494 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 2 106 theme research 352:359 arg1 groups 361:366 academic, federal, and industry research groups 320:366 groups 361:366 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 8 107 theme ZIKV 1584:1587 arg1 E 1589:1589 ZIKV E 1584:1589 ZIKV E 1584:1589 Next, we examined GAGs prepared from human placentas to determine if they bound ZIKV E, possibly mediating placental cell invasion of ZIKV. 28151637 7 108 theme longer 1452:1457 arg1 oligosaccharides 1462:1477 longer HP oligosaccharides 1452:1477 longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides) 1452:1501 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 2 109 theme pathogenesis 404:415 arg1 understanding 383:395 our understanding 379:395 our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV 379:423 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 9 110 with binding 1900:1906 arg1 ZIKV 1913:1916 ZIKV 1913:1916 ZIKV 1913:1916 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 111 theme HP 2006:2007 arg1 unit 1998:2001 the dominant repeating unit 1975:2001 the dominant repeating unit of HP 1975:2007 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 9 111 theme HP 2006:2007 arg1 sulfate 1939:1945 heparan sulfate 1931:1945 heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content 1931:1972 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 0 112 theme Virus 20:24 arg1 Protein 35:41 Zika Virus Envelope Protein 15:41 Zika Virus Envelope Protein 15:41 Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans. 28151637 1 113 theme congenitally 256:267 arg1 humans 278:283 congenitally infected humans 256:283 congenitally infected humans 256:283 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 1 114 theme World 90:94 arg1 Organization 103:114 the World Health Organization 86:114 the World Health Organization 86:114 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 0 115 theme Protein 35:41 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans 0:65 Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans. 28151637 1 116 theme humans 278:283 arg1 anomalies 243:251 severe fetal anomalies 230:251 severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans 230:283 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 7 117 theme length 1334:1339 arg1 oligosaccharides 1344:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides 1320:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1320:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 10 118 theme virus 2142:2146 arg1 entry 2128:2132 host cell entry 2118:2132 host cell entry of Zika virus 2118:2146 These results suggest that GAGs may be utilized as attachment factors for host cell entry of Zika virus as they do in other pathogenic flaviviruses. 28151637 3 119 theme extensive 575:583 arg1 research 585:592 extensive research 575:592 extensive research 575:592 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 9 120 theme high 2018:2021 arg1 affinity 2023:2030 a high affinity 2016:2030 a high affinity for ZIKV E 2016:2041 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 28151637 3 121 dep virus 662:666 arg1 i.e. 649:652 i.e. 649:652 i.e. 649:652 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 7 122 theme various 1320:1326 arg1 oligosaccharides 1344:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides 1320:1359 various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1320:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 2 123 theme ZIKV 420:423 arg1 pathogenesis 404:415 the pathogenesis 400:415 the pathogenesis of ZIKV 400:423 This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and vaccines. 28151637 3 124 theme related 616:622 arg1 flaviviruses 635:646 related pathogenic flaviviruses 616:646 related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus) 616:708 Although we still do not have the entire picture of the pathogenesis of ZIKV, extensive research has been conducted on related pathogenic flaviviruses (i.e., dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus). 28151637 5 125 theme protein 886:892 arg1 binding 903:909 ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding 872:909 ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs 872:917 In this study, we examined ZIKV envelope protein (ZIKV E) binding to GAGs in a real time interaction study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the role of GAGs in host cell entry of ZIKV into placenta and brain. 28151637 11 126 theme pathogenesis 2255:2266 arg1 understanding 2234:2246 our understanding 2230:2246 our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV 2230:2274 They may also assist us in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and guide us in designing therapeutics to combat ZIKV with more insight. 28151637 7 127 theme SPR 1292:1294 arg1 assays 1308:1313 SPR competition assays 1292:1313 SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length) 1292:1401 Using SPR competition assays with various chain length HP oligosaccharides (from 4 to 18 saccharide units in length), we observed that ZIKV E preferentially binds to longer HP oligosaccharides (with 8-18 saccharides). 28151637 1 128 with association 213:223 arg1 anomalies 243:251 severe fetal anomalies 230:251 severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans 230:283 In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. 28151637 9 129 theme porcine 1853:1859 arg1 CS 1867:1868 Both porcine brain CS 1848:1868 Both porcine brain CS 1848:1868 Compositional analysis of these GAGs as well as SPR binding studies showed that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAGs, present on the placenta, showed low-micromolar interactions with ZIKV E. Both porcine brain CS and HS also showed micromolar binding with ZIKV E. Moreover, heparan sulfate with a higher TriS content, the dominant repeating unit of HP, shows a high affinity for ZIKV E. 24786486 7 0 theme available 1159:1167 arg1 tablets 1197:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 In addition, the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets was also investigated. 24786486 0 1 dep evaluation 116:125 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 1 2 theme frequent 237:244 arg1 dosing 252:257 frequent daily dosing 237:257 frequent daily dosing 237:257 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 7 3 theme Lioresal® 1169:1177 arg1 tablets 1197:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 In addition, the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets was also investigated. 24786486 1 4 theme acting 152:157 arg1 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 1 4 theme acting 152:157 arg1 muscle 168:173 a centrally acting skeletal muscle 140:173 a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance 140:296 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 1 5 theme daily 246:250 arg1 dosing 252:257 frequent daily dosing 237:257 frequent daily dosing 237:257 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 8 6 theme extended 1388:1395 arg1 release 1402:1408 extended drug release 1388:1408 extended drug release 1388:1408 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 2 7 from window 321:326 arg1 tract 370:374 the upper gastrointestinal tract 343:374 the upper gastrointestinal tract 343:374 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 0 8 dep in 108:109 arg1 vivo 111:114 vivo 111:114 vivo 111:114 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 8 9 theme acceptable 1346:1355 arg1 properties 1366:1375 acceptable swelling properties 1346:1375 acceptable swelling properties 1346:1375 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 0 10 theme in 95:96 arg1 evaluation 116:125 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 95:125 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 95:125 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 3 11 theme SPH 538:540 arg1 composite 542:550 SPH composite 538:550 SPH composite 538:550 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 2 12 theme upper 347:351 arg1 tract 370:374 the upper gastrointestinal tract 343:374 the upper gastrointestinal tract 343:374 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 4 13 theme polymers 691:698 arg1 applicability 664:676 The applicability 660:676 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, 660:760 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 0 14 theme in 108:109 arg1 evaluation 116:125 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 95:125 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 95:125 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 4 15 theme different 681:689 arg1 gum 726:728 guar gum 721:728 guar gum 721:728 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 15 theme different 681:689 arg1 gelatin 753:759 gelatin 753:759 gelatin 753:759 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 15 theme different 681:689 arg1 polymers 691:698 different polymers 681:698 different polymers 681:698 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 15 theme different 681:689 arg1 alcohol 741:747 polyvinyl alcohol 731:747 polyvinyl alcohol 731:747 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 15 theme different 681:689 arg1 gum 716:718 gellan gum 709:718 gellan gum 709:718 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 2 16 theme dosage 419:424 arg1 forms 426:430 extended release dosage forms 402:430 extended release dosage forms 402:430 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 3 17 theme conventional 520:531 arg1 SPH 533:535 conventional SPH 520:535 conventional SPH 520:535 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 5 18 theme prepared 815:822 arg1 systems 828:834 The prepared SPH systems 811:834 The prepared SPH systems 811:834 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 1 19 theme skeletal 159:166 arg1 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 1 19 theme skeletal 159:166 arg1 muscle 168:173 a centrally acting skeletal muscle 140:173 a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance 140:296 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 9 20 theme prolonged 1431:1439 arg1 profile 1448:1454 a prolonged plasma profile 1429:1454 a prolonged plasma profile 1429:1454 It also exhibited a prolonged plasma profile when compared to twice daily administered Lioresal®. 24786486 8 21 theme calcium 1277:1283 arg1 chloride 1285:1292 calcium chloride 1277:1292 calcium chloride 1277:1292 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 8 22 theme optimum 1315:1321 arg1 properties 1334:1343 optimum mechanical properties 1315:1343 optimum mechanical properties 1315:1343 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 6 23 dep In 990:991 arg1 vivo 993:996 vivo 993:996 vivo 993:996 In vivo assessment was performed in dogs to evaluate gastric residence time by X-ray studies. 24786486 0 24 dep in 95:96 arg1 vitro 98:102 vitro 98:102 vitro 98:102 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 7 25 theme baclofen 1125:1132 arg1 bioavailability 1106:1120 the oral bioavailability 1097:1120 the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1097:1203 In addition, the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets was also investigated. 24786486 0 26 theme novel 9:13 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 4 27 theme systems 802:808 arg1 preparation 782:792 preparation 782:792 preparation of SPHH systems 782:808 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 7 28 theme immediate 1179:1187 arg1 tablets 1197:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 In addition, the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets was also investigated. 24786486 2 29 theme absorption 310:319 arg1 window 321:326 The narrow absorption window 299:326 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract 299:374 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 1 30 theme relaxant 175:182 arg1 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen 128:135 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 1 30 theme relaxant 175:182 arg1 muscle 168:173 a centrally acting skeletal muscle 140:173 a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance 140:296 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 0 31 theme Baclofen 0:7 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 1 32 theme subsequent 263:272 arg1 compliance 287:296 subsequent poor patient compliance 263:296 subsequent poor patient compliance 263:296 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 4 33 theme SPHH 797:800 arg1 systems 802:808 SPHH systems 797:808 SPHH systems 797:808 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 2 34 theme narrow 303:308 arg1 window 321:326 The narrow absorption window 299:326 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract 299:374 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 4 35 theme guar 721:724 arg1 polymers 691:698 different polymers 681:698 different polymers 681:698 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 35 theme guar 721:724 arg1 gum 726:728 guar gum 721:728 guar gum 721:728 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 5 36 theme SPH 824:826 arg1 systems 828:834 The prepared SPH systems 811:834 The prepared SPH systems 811:834 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 0 37 theme extended 31:38 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 1 38 theme poor 274:277 arg1 compliance 287:296 subsequent poor patient compliance 263:296 subsequent poor patient compliance 263:296 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 8 39 theme cross 1259:1263 arg1 SPHH 1254:1257 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross 1228:1263 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride 1228:1292 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 5 40 theme swelling 879:886 arg1 ratio 888:892 volume swelling ratio 872:892 volume swelling ratio 872:892 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 6 41 theme In 990:991 arg1 assessment 998:1007 In vivo assessment 990:1007 In vivo assessment 990:1007 In vivo assessment was performed in dogs to evaluate gastric residence time by X-ray studies. 24786486 3 42 theme extended 457:464 arg1 systems 501:507 baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems 448:507 baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems 448:507 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 42 theme extended 457:464 arg1 SPH 533:535 conventional SPH 520:535 conventional SPH 520:535 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 42 theme extended 457:464 arg1 composite 542:550 SPH composite 538:550 SPH composite 538:550 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 42 theme extended 457:464 arg1 hybrid 560:565 SPH hybrid 556:565 SPH hybrid (SPHH) 556:572 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 0 43 theme gastroretentive 15:29 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 1 44 theme patient 279:285 arg1 compliance 287:296 subsequent poor patient compliance 263:296 subsequent poor patient compliance 263:296 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 8 45 theme mechanical 1323:1332 arg1 properties 1334:1343 optimum mechanical properties 1315:1343 optimum mechanical properties 1315:1343 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 4 46 theme gellan 709:714 arg1 gum 716:718 gellan gum 709:718 gellan gum 709:718 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 46 theme gellan 709:714 arg1 polymers 691:698 different polymers 681:698 different polymers 681:698 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 1 47 theme short 191:195 arg1 half-life 209:217 a short elimination half-life 189:217 a short elimination half-life 189:217 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 0 48 theme gellan 48:53 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 5 49 theme mechanical 905:914 arg1 properties 916:925 mechanical properties 905:925 mechanical properties 905:925 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 5 49 theme mechanical 905:914 arg1 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 2 50 theme release 411:417 arg1 forms 426:430 extended release dosage forms 402:430 extended release dosage forms 402:430 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 5 51 theme erosion 964:970 arg1 degree 954:959 degree 954:959 degree of erosion and drug release 954:987 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 5 51 theme erosion 964:970 arg1 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 1 52 theme elimination 197:207 arg1 half-life 209:217 a short elimination half-life 189:217 a short elimination half-life 189:217 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 0 53 theme release 40:46 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 8 54 theme baclofen 1238:1245 arg1 SPHH 1254:1257 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross 1228:1263 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride 1228:1292 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 2 55 theme extended 402:409 arg1 forms 426:430 extended release dosage forms 402:430 extended release dosage forms 402:430 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 0 56 theme superporous 59:69 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 1 57 with relaxant 175:182 arg1 half-life 209:217 a short elimination half-life 189:217 a short elimination half-life 189:217 Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with a short elimination half-life, which results in frequent daily dosing and subsequent poor patient compliance. 24786486 7 58 theme release 1189:1195 arg1 tablets 1197:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1146:1203 In addition, the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets was also investigated. 24786486 5 59 theme drug 976:979 arg1 release 981:987 drug release 976:987 drug release 976:987 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 6 60 theme X-ray 1069:1073 arg1 studies 1075:1081 X-ray studies 1069:1081 X-ray studies 1069:1081 In vivo assessment was performed in dogs to evaluate gastric residence time by X-ray studies. 24786486 3 61 theme release 466:472 arg1 SPH 496:498 SPH 496:498 SPH 496:498 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 61 theme release 466:472 arg1 hydrogel 486:493 release superporous hydrogel 466:493 baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems 448:507 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 0 62 theme gum 55:57 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 5 63 theme release 981:987 arg1 degree 954:959 degree 954:959 degree of erosion and drug release 954:987 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 5 63 theme release 981:987 arg1 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 9 64 theme plasma 1441:1446 arg1 profile 1448:1454 a prolonged plasma profile 1429:1454 a prolonged plasma profile 1429:1454 It also exhibited a prolonged plasma profile when compared to twice daily administered Lioresal®. 24786486 2 65 theme baclofen 331:338 arg1 window 321:326 The narrow absorption window 299:326 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract 299:374 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 3 66 theme SPH 556:558 arg1 SPHH 568:571 SPHH 568:571 SPHH 568:571 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 66 theme SPH 556:558 arg1 hybrid 560:565 SPH hybrid 556:565 SPH hybrid (SPHH) 556:572 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 67 theme absorption 641:650 arg1 window 652:657 its absorption window 637:657 its absorption window 637:657 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 8 68 theme drug 1397:1400 arg1 release 1402:1408 extended drug release 1388:1408 extended drug release 1388:1408 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 3 69 theme superporous 474:484 arg1 SPH 496:498 SPH 496:498 SPH 496:498 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 69 theme superporous 474:484 arg1 hydrogel 486:493 release superporous hydrogel 466:493 baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems 448:507 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 8 70 theme swelling 1357:1364 arg1 properties 1366:1375 acceptable swelling properties 1346:1375 acceptable swelling properties 1346:1375 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 8 71 theme novel 1232:1236 arg1 SPHH 1254:1257 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross 1228:1263 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride 1228:1292 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 24786486 5 72 theme incorporation 928:940 arg1 efficiency 942:951 incorporation efficiency 928:951 incorporation efficiency 928:951 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 5 72 theme incorporation 928:940 arg1 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 weight 861:866 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 3 73 theme baclofen 625:632 arg1 residence 612:620 the residence 608:620 the residence of baclofen 608:632 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 4 74 theme polyvinyl 731:739 arg1 polymers 691:698 different polymers 681:698 different polymers 681:698 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 4 74 theme polyvinyl 731:739 arg1 alcohol 741:747 polyvinyl alcohol 731:747 polyvinyl alcohol 731:747 The applicability of different polymers, namely, gellan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, was investigated in preparation of SPHH systems. 24786486 3 75 theme hydrogel 486:493 arg1 systems 501:507 baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems 448:507 baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems 448:507 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 75 theme hydrogel 486:493 arg1 SPH 533:535 conventional SPH 520:535 conventional SPH 520:535 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 75 theme hydrogel 486:493 arg1 composite 542:550 SPH composite 538:550 SPH composite 538:550 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 3 75 theme hydrogel 486:493 arg1 hybrid 560:565 SPH hybrid 556:565 SPH hybrid (SPHH) 556:572 In this study, baclofen extended release superporous hydrogel (SPH) systems, including conventional SPH, SPH composite and SPH hybrid (SPHH), were prepared aiming to increase the residence of baclofen at its absorption window. 24786486 5 76 theme volume 872:877 arg1 ratio 888:892 volume swelling ratio 872:892 volume swelling ratio 872:892 The prepared SPH systems were evaluated regarding weight and volume swelling ratio, porosity, mechanical properties, incorporation efficiency, degree of erosion and drug release. 24786486 0 77 theme hybrid 80:85 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 6 78 theme gastric 1043:1049 arg1 time 1061:1064 gastric residence time 1043:1064 gastric residence time 1043:1064 In vivo assessment was performed in dogs to evaluate gastric residence time by X-ray studies. 24786486 9 79 theme administered 1485:1496 arg1 Lioresal® 1498:1506 twice daily administered Lioresal® 1473:1506 twice daily administered Lioresal® 1473:1506 It also exhibited a prolonged plasma profile when compared to twice daily administered Lioresal®. 24786486 6 80 theme residence 1051:1059 arg1 time 1061:1064 gastric residence time 1043:1064 gastric residence time 1043:1064 In vivo assessment was performed in dogs to evaluate gastric residence time by X-ray studies. 24786486 0 81 theme hydrogel 71:78 arg1 system 87:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system 0:92 Baclofen novel gastroretentive extended release gellan gum superporous hydrogel hybrid system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 24786486 7 82 theme oral 1101:1104 arg1 bioavailability 1106:1120 the oral bioavailability 1097:1120 the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets 1097:1203 In addition, the oral bioavailability of baclofen relative to commercially available Lioresal® immediate release tablets was also investigated. 24786486 2 83 theme gastrointestinal 353:368 arg1 tract 370:374 the upper gastrointestinal tract 343:374 the upper gastrointestinal tract 343:374 The narrow absorption window of baclofen in the upper gastrointestinal tract limits its formulation as extended release dosage forms. 24786486 8 84 theme gellan 1247:1252 arg1 SPHH 1254:1257 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross 1228:1263 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride 1228:1292 The novel baclofen gellan SPHH cross linked with calcium chloride was characterized by optimum mechanical properties, acceptable swelling properties as well as extended drug release. 29798596 3 0 theme artificial 717:726 arg1 grafts 733:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 10 1 dep Conclusion 2250:2259 arg1 better 2346:2351 better 2346:2351 better 2346:2351 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 10 1 dep Conclusion 2250:2259 arg1 effect 2276:2281 The osteogenic effect 2261:2281 The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2261:2336 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 1 2 theme morphogenetic 304:316 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 8 3 theme new 1946:1948 arg1 tissues 1955:1961 many new bone tissues 1941:1961 many new bone tissues in bone defect area 1941:1981 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 4 4 theme Micro-CT 1012:1019 arg1 scanning 1021:1028 Micro-CT scanning 1012:1028 Micro-CT scanning 1012:1028 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 6 5 theme bone 1233:1236 arg1 better 1261:1266 better 1261:1266 better 1261:1266 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 6 5 theme bone 1233:1236 arg1 healing 1238:1244 the bone healing 1229:1244 the bone healing in group B 1229:1255 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 1 6 theme 2/chitosan 326:335 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 7 7 theme B 1378:1378 arg1 scores 1362:1367 the X-ray scores 1352:1367 the X-ray scores of group B 1352:1378 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 7 theme B 1378:1378 arg1 higher 1399:1404 higher 1399:1404 higher 1399:1404 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 8 theme Micro-CT 1564:1571 arg1 scanning 1573:1580 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation 1564:1629 scanning 1573:1580 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 8 9 theme bone 1966:1969 arg1 area 1978:1981 bone defect area 1966:1981 bone defect area 1966:1981 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 9 10 dep higher 2184:2189 arg1 P<0.05 2241:2246 P<0.05 2241:2246 P<0.05 2241:2246 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 11 theme poor 1739:1742 arg1 osteogenesis 1744:1755 poor osteogenesis 1739:1755 poor osteogenesis 1739:1755 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 0 12 theme artificial 158:167 arg1 bone 169:172 coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone 137:172 coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects] 137:215 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 9 13 theme time 2127:2130 arg1 point 2132:2136 each time point 2122:2136 each time point 2122:2136 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 14 theme reconstruction 1604:1617 arg1 observation 1619:1629 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation 1564:1629 observation 1619:1629 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 4 15 theme animals 927:933 arg1 condition 910:918 the gross condition 900:918 the gross condition of the animals 900:933 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 8 16 from tissues 1795:1801 arg1 area 1818:1821 bone defect area 1806:1821 bone defect area 1806:1821 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 6 17 theme X-ray 1199:1203 arg1 observation 1205:1215 X-ray observation 1199:1215 X-ray observation 1199:1215 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 8 18 theme group 1761:1765 arg1 B 1767:1767 group B 1761:1767 group B 1761:1767 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 2 19 theme Zealand 506:512 arg1 rabbits 514:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 8 20 contain had 1711:1713 arg2 osteogenesis 1744:1755 poor osteogenesis 1739:1755 poor osteogenesis 1739:1755 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 8 20 contain had 1711:1713 arg1 area 1706:1709 the bone defect area 1690:1709 the bone defect area 1690:1709 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 8 20 contain had 1711:1713 arg2 formation 1725:1733 less bone formation 1715:1733 less bone formation 1715:1733 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 1 21 theme DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 arg1 effect 255:260 the osteogenic effect 240:260 the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature 240:462 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 8 22 theme bone 1992:1995 arg1 general 2011:2017 general 2011:2017 general 2011:2017 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 8 22 theme bone 1992:1995 arg1 formation 1997:2005 the bone formation 1988:2005 the bone formation 1988:2005 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 0 23 theme large 187:191 arg1 defects 208:214 large segmental bone defects 187:214 large segmental bone defects 187:214 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 8 24 from tissues 1955:1961 arg1 area 1978:1981 bone defect area 1966:1981 bone defect area 1966:1981 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 4 25 theme gross 904:908 arg1 condition 910:918 the gross condition 900:918 the gross condition of the animals 900:933 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 0 26 theme bone 203:206 arg1 defects 208:214 large segmental bone defects 187:214 large segmental bone defects 187:214 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 8 27 theme time 1651:1654 arg1 point 1656:1660 each time point 1646:1660 each time point after operation in group A 1646:1687 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 7 28 theme C 1470:1470 arg1 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 28 theme C 1470:1470 arg1 scores 1454:1459 the scores 1450:1459 the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation 1450:1504 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 4 29 theme new 1111:1113 arg1 bone 1115:1118 the new bone 1107:1118 the new bone 1107:1118 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 0 30 theme protein 81:87 arg1 evaluation 14:23 [Radiological evaluation 0:23 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 0:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 6 31 from point 1309:1313 arg1 groups 1281:1286 groups A and C 1281:1294 groups A and C at each time point 1281:1313 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 6 31 from point 1309:1313 arg1 C 1294:1294 C 1294:1294 C 1294:1294 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 6 31 from point 1309:1313 arg1 A 1288:1288 A 1288:1288 A 1288:1288 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 4 32 theme X-ray 988:992 arg1 observation 999:1009 X-ray film observation 988:1009 X-ray film observation 988:1009 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 2 33 theme bone 566:569 arg1 model 578:582 right radius bone defect model 553:582 right radius bone defect model of 20 mm 553:591 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 10 34 theme new 2414:2416 arg1 idea 2418:2421 a new idea 2412:2421 a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future 2412:2493 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 0 35 theme composite 100:108 arg1 microspheres 110:121 composite microspheres 100:121 composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects] 100:215 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 3 36 dep groups 779:784 arg1 groups 779:784 groups A, B, and C respectively 779:809 groups A, B, and C respectively 779:809 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 36 dep groups 779:784 arg1 B 789:789 B 789:789 B 789:789 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 36 dep groups 779:784 arg1 C 796:796 C 796:796 C 796:796 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 36 dep groups 779:784 arg1 A 786:786 A 786:786 A 786:786 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 9 37 theme C 2178:2178 arg1 higher 2184:2189 higher 2184:2189 higher 2184:2189 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 9 37 theme C 2178:2178 arg1 score 2163:2167 the score 2159:2167 the score of group C 2159:2178 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 3 38 theme control 868:874 arg1 group 876:880 blank control group 862:880 blank control group 862:880 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 38 theme control 868:874 arg1 rabbits 828:834 the remaining 3 rabbits 812:834 the remaining 3 rabbits 812:834 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 39 theme remaining 816:824 arg1 group 876:880 blank control group 862:880 blank control group 862:880 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 39 theme remaining 816:824 arg1 rabbits 828:834 the remaining 3 rabbits 812:834 the remaining 3 rabbits 812:834 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 8 40 theme bone 1806:1809 arg1 area 1818:1821 bone defect area 1806:1821 bone defect area 1806:1821 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 1 41 theme large 411:415 arg1 defects 432:438 large segmental bone defects 411:438 large segmental bone defects 411:438 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 8 42 theme many 1941:1944 arg1 tissues 1955:1961 many new bone tissues 1941:1961 many new bone tissues in bone defect area 1941:1981 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 5 43 dep Results 1121:1127 arg1 animals 1146:1152 The experimental animals 1129:1152 Results The experimental animals 1121:1152 Results The experimental animals recovered well and were in normal condition. 29798596 3 44 from defect 769:774 arg1 groups 779:784 groups A, B, and C respectively 779:809 groups A, B, and C respectively 779:809 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 44 from defect 769:774 arg1 B 789:789 B 789:789 B 789:789 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 44 from defect 769:774 arg1 C 796:796 C 796:796 C 796:796 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 44 from defect 769:774 arg1 A 786:786 A 786:786 A 786:786 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 9 45 theme group 2043:2047 arg1 B 2049:2049 group B 2043:2049 group B 2043:2049 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 0 46 theme coral 137:141 arg1 bone 169:172 coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone 137:172 coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects] 137:215 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 1 47 theme bone 427:430 arg1 defects 432:438 large segmental bone defects 411:438 large segmental bone defects 411:438 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 10 48 theme DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA 2286:2302 arg1 bone 2333:2336 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2286:2336 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2286:2336 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 9 49 theme bone 2028:2031 arg1 volume 2033:2038 The new bone volume 2020:2038 The new bone volume of group B 2020:2049 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 9 49 theme bone 2028:2031 arg1 higher 2069:2074 higher 2069:2074 higher 2069:2074 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 0 50 theme [Radiological 0:12 arg1 evaluation 14:23 [Radiological evaluation 0:23 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 0:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 9 51 theme group 2204:2208 arg1 A 2210:2210 group A 2204:2210 group A 2204:2210 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 52 theme defect 1699:1704 arg1 area 1706:1709 the bone defect area 1690:1709 the bone defect area 1690:1709 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 4 53 theme film 994:997 arg1 observation 999:1009 X-ray film observation 988:1009 X-ray film observation 988:1009 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 10 54 theme bone 2457:2460 arg1 engineering 2469:2479 bone tissue engineering 2457:2479 bone tissue engineering in the future 2457:2493 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 2 55 theme male 497:500 arg1 rabbits 514:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 8 56 theme bone 1832:1835 arg1 remodeling 1837:1846 the bone remodeling 1828:1846 the bone remodeling 1828:1846 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 7 57 dep higher 1399:1404 arg1 P<0.05 1441:1446 P<0.05 1441:1446 P<0.05 1441:1446 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 58 theme bone 1889:1892 arg1 morphology 1894:1903 normal bone morphology 1882:1903 normal bone morphology 1882:1903 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 2 59 theme right 553:557 arg1 model 578:582 right radius bone defect model 553:582 right radius bone defect model of 20 mm 553:591 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 9 60 theme B 2049:2049 arg1 volume 2033:2038 The new bone volume 2020:2038 The new bone volume of group B 2020:2049 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 9 60 theme B 2049:2049 arg1 higher 2069:2074 higher 2069:2074 higher 2069:2074 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 0 61 theme sulfate/recombinant 36:54 arg1 protein 81:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 8 62 theme new 1786:1788 arg1 tissues 1795:1801 many new bone tissues 1781:1801 many new bone tissues in bone defect area 1781:1821 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 10 63 theme artificial 2322:2331 arg1 bone 2333:2336 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2286:2336 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2286:2336 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 0 64 theme bone 62:65 arg1 protein 81:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 7 65 theme group 1419:1423 arg1 A 1425:1425 group A 1419:1425 group A 1419:1425 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 3 66 theme rhBMP-2/CHA 705:715 arg1 grafts 733:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 10 67 theme bone 2333:2336 arg1 effect 2276:2281 The osteogenic effect 2261:2281 The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2261:2336 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 10 67 theme bone 2333:2336 arg1 better 2346:2351 better 2346:2351 better 2346:2351 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 5 68 theme normal 1181:1186 arg1 condition 1188:1196 normal condition 1181:1196 normal condition 1181:1196 Results The experimental animals recovered well and were in normal condition. 29798596 1 69 theme sulfate/recombinant 273:291 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 6 70 theme group 1249:1253 arg1 B 1255:1255 group B 1249:1255 group B 1249:1255 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 1 71 theme bone 299:302 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 3 72 theme bone 728:731 arg1 grafts 733:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 8 73 theme bone 1720:1723 arg1 formation 1725:1733 less bone formation 1715:1733 less bone formation 1715:1733 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 9 74 theme group 2101:2105 arg1 C 2107:2107 group C 2101:2107 group C 2101:2107 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 1 75 theme protein 318:324 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 7 76 theme group 1372:1376 arg1 B 1378:1378 group B 1372:1378 group B 1372:1378 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 77 theme X-ray 1356:1360 arg1 scores 1362:1367 the X-ray scores 1352:1367 the X-ray scores of group B 1352:1378 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 77 theme X-ray 1356:1360 arg1 higher 1399:1404 higher 1399:1404 higher 1399:1404 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 3 78 theme bone 764:767 arg1 defect 769:774 the bone defect 760:774 the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively 760:809 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 10 79 from engineering 2469:2479 arg1 future 2488:2493 future 2488:2493 future 2488:2493 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 8 80 theme bone 1950:1953 arg1 tissues 1955:1961 many new bone tissues 1941:1961 many new bone tissues in bone defect area 1941:1981 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 6 81 theme time 1304:1307 arg1 point 1309:1313 each time point 1299:1313 each time point 1299:1313 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 10 82 theme bone 2436:2439 arg1 defect 2441:2446 bone defect 2436:2446 bone defect 2436:2446 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 7 83 theme time 1324:1327 arg1 point 1329:1333 each time point 1319:1333 each time point after operation 1319:1349 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 84 from point 1656:1660 arg1 A 1687:1687 group A 1681:1687 group A 1681:1687 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 1 85 theme radiographic 443:454 arg1 feature 456:462 radiographic feature 443:462 radiographic feature 443:462 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 8 86 theme three-dimensional 1586:1602 arg1 observation 1619:1629 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation 1564:1629 observation 1619:1629 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 1 87 theme osteogenic 244:253 arg1 effect 255:260 the osteogenic effect 240:260 the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature 240:462 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 10 88 theme single 2366:2371 arg1 CHA 2373:2375 single CHA 2366:2375 single CHA 2366:2375 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 0 89 theme segmental 193:201 arg1 defects 208:214 large segmental bone defects 187:214 large segmental bone defects 187:214 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 6 90 dep groups 1281:1286 arg1 groups 1281:1286 groups A and C 1281:1294 groups A and C at each time point 1281:1313 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 6 90 dep groups 1281:1286 arg1 C 1294:1294 C 1294:1294 C 1294:1294 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 6 90 dep groups 1281:1286 arg1 A 1288:1288 A 1288:1288 A 1288:1288 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 8 91 theme many 1781:1784 arg1 tissues 1795:1801 many new bone tissues 1781:1801 many new bone tissues in bone defect area 1781:1821 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 3 92 theme blank 862:866 arg1 group 876:880 blank control group 862:880 blank control group 862:880 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 3 92 theme blank 862:866 arg1 rabbits 828:834 the remaining 3 rabbits 812:834 the remaining 3 rabbits 812:834 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 7 93 theme group 1464:1468 arg1 C 1470:1470 group C 1464:1470 group C 1464:1470 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 4 94 theme bone 1115:1118 arg1 volume 1097:1102 the volume 1093:1102 the volume of the new bone 1093:1118 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 8 95 theme bone 1790:1793 arg1 tissues 1795:1801 many new bone tissues 1781:1801 many new bone tissues in bone defect area 1781:1821 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 2 96 theme defect 571:576 arg1 model 578:582 right radius bone defect model 553:582 right radius bone defect model of 20 mm 553:591 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 6 97 from healing 1238:1244 arg1 B 1255:1255 group B 1249:1255 group B 1249:1255 X-ray observation showed that the bone healing in group B was better than that in groups A and C at each time point. 29798596 9 98 theme group 2172:2176 arg1 C 2178:2178 group C 2172:2178 group C 2172:2178 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 2 99 theme radius 559:564 arg1 model 578:582 right radius bone defect model 553:582 right radius bone defect model of 20 mm 553:591 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 8 100 theme defect 1811:1816 arg1 area 1818:1821 bone defect area 1806:1821 bone defect area 1806:1821 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 8 101 theme defect 1971:1976 arg1 area 1978:1981 bone defect area 1966:1981 bone defect area 1966:1981 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 2 102 theme mm 590:591 arg1 model 578:582 right radius bone defect model 553:582 right radius bone defect model of 20 mm 553:591 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 0 103 theme hydroxyapatite 143:156 arg1 bone 169:172 coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone 137:172 coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects] 137:215 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 1 104 theme segmental 417:425 arg1 defects 432:438 large segmental bone defects 411:438 large segmental bone defects 411:438 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 7 105 from weeks 1484:1488 arg1 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 105 from weeks 1484:1488 arg1 scores 1454:1459 the scores 1450:1459 the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation 1450:1504 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 106 theme group 1681:1685 arg1 A 1687:1687 group A 1681:1687 group A 1681:1687 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 9 107 theme new 2024:2026 arg1 volume 2033:2038 The new bone volume 2020:2038 The new bone volume of group B 2020:2049 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 9 107 theme new 2024:2026 arg1 higher 2069:2074 higher 2069:2074 higher 2069:2074 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 108 theme group 1545:1549 arg1 P<0.05 1555:1560 P<0.05 1555:1560 P<0.05 1555:1560 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 7 108 theme group 1545:1549 arg1 B 1551:1551 group B 1545:1551 group B ( P<0.05) 1545:1561 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 8 109 theme normal 1882:1887 arg1 morphology 1894:1903 normal bone morphology 1882:1903 normal bone morphology 1882:1903 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 10 110 theme tissue 2462:2467 arg1 engineering 2469:2479 bone tissue engineering 2457:2479 bone tissue engineering in the future 2457:2493 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 0 111 theme dextran 28:34 arg1 protein 81:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 5 112 theme experimental 1133:1144 arg1 animals 1146:1152 The experimental animals 1129:1152 Results The experimental animals 1121:1152 Results The experimental animals recovered well and were in normal condition. 29798596 8 113 theme bone 1694:1697 arg1 area 1706:1709 the bone defect area 1690:1709 the bone defect area 1690:1709 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 2 114 theme New 502:504 arg1 rabbits 514:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 3 115 theme CHA 677:679 arg1 grafts 733:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 10 116 theme osteogenic 2265:2274 arg1 effect 2276:2281 The osteogenic effect 2261:2281 The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2261:2336 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 10 116 theme osteogenic 2265:2274 arg1 better 2346:2351 better 2346:2351 better 2346:2351 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 2 117 theme 24-week-old 485:495 arg1 rabbits 514:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits 485:520 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 0 118 theme human 56:60 arg1 protein 81:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 2 119 dep Methods 465:471 arg1 prepared 527:534 prepared 527:534 were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length 522:601 Methods Fifty-seven 24-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were prepared for establishing right radius bone defect model of 20 mm in length. 29798596 0 120 theme morphogenetic 67:79 arg1 protein 81:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 28:87 [Radiological evaluation of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan composite microspheres combined with coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone in repairing large segmental bone defects]. 29798596 1 121 theme coralline 367:375 arg1 CHA 393:395 CHA 393:395 CHA 393:395 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 1 121 theme coralline 367:375 arg1 hydroxyapatite 377:390 coralline hydroxyapatite 367:390 coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 367:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 7 122 theme group 1431:1435 arg1 C 1437:1437 group C 1431:1437 group C 1431:1437 At each time point after operation, the X-ray scores of group B were significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05); the scores of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation were significantly higher than that of group B ( P<0.05). 29798596 10 123 theme sustained-release 2304:2320 arg1 bone 2333:2336 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2286:2336 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone 2286:2336 Conclusion The osteogenic effect of DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA sustained-release artificial bone is much better than that of single CHA and rhBMP-2/CHA, which can provide a new idea for treating bone defect by using bone tissue engineering in the future. 29798596 8 124 theme group 1921:1925 arg1 C 1927:1927 group C 1921:1927 group C 1921:1927 Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction observation showed that at each time point after operation in group A, the bone defect area had less bone formation and poor osteogenesis; in group B, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, and the bone remodeling was well, and gradually closed to normal bone morphology at 12 weeks; in group C, there were many new bone tissues in bone defect area, but the bone formation was general. 29798596 3 125 theme DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA 682:698 arg1 grafts 733:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts 673:738 In which 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=18), and the CHA, DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA, and rhBMP-2/CHA artificial bone grafts were implanted into the bone defect in groups A, B, and C respectively; the remaining 3 rabbits were implanted nothing as blank control group. 29798596 1 126 theme dextran 265:271 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 29798596 4 127 theme three-dimensional 1035:1051 arg1 reconstruction 1053:1066 three-dimensional reconstruction 1035:1066 three-dimensional reconstruction 1035:1066 After operation, the gross condition of the animals was observed; at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, X-ray film observation, Micro-CT scanning, and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to obtain the volume of the new bone. 29798596 9 128 theme group 2089:2093 arg1 P<0.05 2111:2116 P<0.05 2111:2116 P<0.05 2111:2116 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 9 128 theme group 2089:2093 arg1 A 2095:2095 group A 2089:2095 group A 2089:2095 The new bone volume of group B was significantly higher than that of group A and group C ( P<0.05) at each time point after operation, and the score of group C was higher than that of group A at 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). 29798596 1 129 theme human 293:297 arg1 DS/rhBMP-2/CS 338:350 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) 265:351 dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) 265:396 Objective To evaluate the osteogenic effect of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP-2/CS) combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repairing large segmental bone defects by radiographic feature. 26984360 4 0 dep concentration 879:891 arg1 concentration 906:918 concentration 906:918 concentration 906:918 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 4 0 dep concentration 879:891 arg1 type 897:900 type 897:900 type 897:900 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 2 1 theme different 531:539 arg1 compositions 541:552 different compositions 531:552 different compositions 531:552 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 6 2 from °C. 1219:1221 arg1 temperature 1201:1211 a thermo-reversibility temperature 1178:1211 a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason 1178:1237 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 6 3 theme cells 1350:1354 arg1 detachment 1336:1345 in vitro spontaneous detachment 1315:1345 in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface 1315:1396 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 1 4 attach derived 144:150 arg1 cellulose 157:165 cellulose 157:165 cellulose 157:165 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 4 attach derived 144:150 arg2 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose (MC) 98:117 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 4 attach derived 144:150 arg2 polymer 136:142 a water-soluble polymer 120:142 a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose 120:165 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 5 5 theme tested 1064:1069 arg1 hydrogels 1071:1079 all the tested hydrogels 1056:1079 all the tested hydrogels 1056:1079 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 8 6 theme cell 1648:1651 arg1 sheet 1653:1657 the detached cell sheet 1635:1657 the detached cell sheet 1635:1657 Immunofluorescence observation confirmed that the detached cell sheet was composed of closely interacting cells. 26984360 6 7 dep in 1315:1316 arg1 vitro 1318:1322 vitro 1318:1322 vitro 1318:1322 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 6 8 theme spontaneous 1324:1334 arg1 detachment 1336:1345 in vitro spontaneous detachment 1315:1345 in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface 1315:1396 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 6 9 theme % 1146:1146 arg1 MC 1152:1153 8 % w/v MC 1144:1153 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 1144:1172 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 8 10 theme detached 1639:1646 arg1 sheet 1653:1657 the detached cell sheet 1635:1657 the detached cell sheet 1635:1657 Immunofluorescence observation confirmed that the detached cell sheet was composed of closely interacting cells. 26984360 2 11 theme calcium 454:460 arg1 chloride 462:469 calcium chloride 454:469 calcium chloride 454:469 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 3 12 theme different 663:671 arg1 compositions 682:693 the different hydrogel compositions 659:693 the different hydrogel compositions 659:693 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 2 13 dep sulphate 417:424 arg1 Na2SO4 427:432 Na2SO4 427:432 Na2SO4 427:432 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 8 14 theme Immunofluorescence 1589:1606 arg1 observation 1608:1618 Immunofluorescence observation 1589:1618 Immunofluorescence observation 1589:1618 Immunofluorescence observation confirmed that the detached cell sheet was composed of closely interacting cells. 26984360 5 15 theme In 958:959 arg1 tests 980:984 In vitro cytotoxicity tests 958:984 In vitro cytotoxicity tests 958:984 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 3 16 theme rheological 791:801 arg1 analysis 803:810 rheological analysis 791:810 rheological analysis 791:810 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 6 17 theme in 1315:1316 arg1 detachment 1336:1345 in vitro spontaneous detachment 1315:1345 in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface 1315:1396 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 3 18 theme hydrogel 673:680 arg1 compositions 682:693 the different hydrogel compositions 659:693 the different hydrogel compositions 659:693 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 2 19 theme thermo-responsive 561:577 arg1 behavior 579:586 the thermo-responsive behavior 557:586 the thermo-responsive behavior 557:586 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 6 20 theme w/v 1148:1150 arg1 MC 1152:1153 8 % w/v MC 1144:1153 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 1144:1172 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 4 21 theme hydrogel 936:943 arg1 preparation 945:955 hydrogel preparation 936:955 hydrogel preparation 936:955 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 7 22 theme cell 1412:1415 arg1 layer 1417:1421 A continuous cell layer 1399:1421 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) 1399:1434 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 7 22 theme cell 1412:1415 arg1 sheet 1429:1433 cell sheet 1424:1433 cell sheet 1424:1433 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 4 23 theme Gelation 813:820 arg1 temperatures 822:833 Gelation temperatures 813:833 Gelation temperatures 813:833 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 7 24 theme MC 1576:1577 arg1 hydrogel 1579:1586 the MC hydrogel 1572:1586 the MC hydrogel 1572:1586 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 0 25 theme Thermo-responsive 0:16 arg1 methylcellulose 18:32 Thermo-responsive methylcellulose 0:32 Thermo-responsive methylcellulose 0:32 Thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogels as temporary substrate for cell sheet biofabrication. 26984360 6 26 with MC 1152:1153 arg1 Na2SO4 1167:1172 0.05 M Na2SO4 1160:1172 0.05 M Na2SO4 1160:1172 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 4 27 theme rheological 839:849 arg1 behavior 851:858 rheological behavior 839:858 rheological behavior 839:858 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 3 28 theme thermo-mechanical 696:712 arg1 properties 714:723 thermo-mechanical properties 696:723 thermo-mechanical properties 696:723 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 6 29 theme 8 1144:1144 arg1 % 1146:1146 % 1146:1146 % 1146:1146 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 7 30 theme cell 1424:1427 arg1 layer 1417:1421 A continuous cell layer 1399:1421 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) 1399:1434 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 7 30 theme cell 1424:1427 arg1 sheet 1429:1433 cell sheet 1424:1433 cell sheet 1424:1433 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 2 31 theme selected 394:401 arg1 salts 403:407 selected salts 394:407 selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4) 394:433 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 31 theme selected 394:401 arg1 sulphate 417:424 sodium sulphate 410:424 sodium sulphate 410:424 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 32 from influence 518:526 arg1 behavior 579:586 the thermo-responsive behavior 557:586 the thermo-responsive behavior 557:586 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 33 theme compositions 541:552 arg1 influence 518:526 the influence 514:526 the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior 514:586 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 8 34 theme interacting 1683:1693 arg1 cells 1695:1699 closely interacting cells 1675:1699 closely interacting cells 1675:1699 Immunofluorescence observation confirmed that the detached cell sheet was composed of closely interacting cells. 26984360 1 35 theme possible 190:197 arg1 substrate 209:217 a possible temporary substrate 188:217 a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing 188:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 35 theme possible 190:197 arg1 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose (MC) 98:117 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 5 36 from hydrogels 1071:1079 arg1 release 1043:1049 no toxic release 1034:1049 no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels 1034:1079 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 7 37 theme hydrogel 1579:1586 arg1 behavior 1560:1567 the thermo-responsive behavior 1538:1567 the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel 1538:1586 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 2 38 theme buffered 485:492 arg1 saline 494:499 phosphate buffered saline 475:499 phosphate buffered saline 475:499 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 1 39 theme temporary 199:207 arg1 substrate 209:217 a possible temporary substrate 188:217 a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing 188:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 39 theme temporary 199:207 arg1 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose (MC) 98:117 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 6 40 theme investigated 1092:1103 arg1 compositions 1105:1116 the investigated compositions 1088:1116 the investigated compositions 1088:1116 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 3 41 theme compositions 682:693 arg1 temperatures 643:654 the gelation temperatures 630:654 the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions 630:693 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 2 42 theme phosphate 475:483 arg1 saline 494:499 phosphate buffered saline 475:499 phosphate buffered saline 475:499 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 43 theme dispersion 323:332 arg1 technique 334:342 a dispersion technique 321:342 a dispersion technique 321:342 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 44 theme % 382:382 arg1 powder 355:360 MC powder 352:360 MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) 352:387 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 44 theme % 382:382 arg1 w/v 384:386 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v 363:386 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v 363:386 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 6 45 theme hydrogel 1381:1388 arg1 surface 1390:1396 the hydrogel surface 1377:1396 the hydrogel surface 1377:1396 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 6 46 contain had 1174:1176 arg1 hydrogel 1123:1130 the hydrogel 1119:1130 the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 1119:1172 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 6 46 contain had 1174:1176 arg2 temperature 1201:1211 a thermo-reversibility temperature 1178:1211 a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason 1178:1237 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 4 47 theme salt 923:926 arg1 concentration 879:891 the MC concentration and type and concentration 872:918 the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation 872:955 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 3 48 theme inversion 593:601 arg1 test 603:606 The inversion test 589:606 The inversion test 589:606 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 5 49 theme L929 1003:1006 arg1 fibroblasts 1014:1024 L929 mouse fibroblasts 1003:1024 L929 mouse fibroblasts 1003:1024 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 6 50 theme 0.05 1160:1163 arg1 M 1165:1165 M 1165:1165 M 1165:1165 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 7 51 theme continuous 1401:1410 arg1 layer 1417:1421 A continuous cell layer 1399:1421 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) 1399:1434 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 7 51 theme continuous 1401:1410 arg1 sheet 1429:1433 cell sheet 1424:1433 cell sheet 1424:1433 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 0 52 theme temporary 47:55 arg1 substrate 57:65 temporary substrate 47:65 temporary substrate for cell sheet biofabrication 47:95 Thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogels as temporary substrate for cell sheet biofabrication. 26984360 7 53 theme thermo-responsive 1542:1558 arg1 behavior 1560:1567 the thermo-responsive behavior 1538:1567 the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel 1538:1586 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 5 54 theme mouse 1008:1012 arg1 fibroblasts 1014:1024 L929 mouse fibroblasts 1003:1024 L929 mouse fibroblasts 1003:1024 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 1 55 theme thermo-responsive 226:242 arg1 properties 244:253 thermo-responsive properties 226:253 thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing 226:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 2 56 theme sodium 410:415 arg1 salts 403:407 selected salts 394:407 selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4) 394:433 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 56 theme sodium 410:415 arg1 sulphate 417:424 sodium sulphate 410:424 sodium sulphate 410:424 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 7 57 theme thanks 1528:1533 arg1 enzymes 1519:1525 enzymes 1519:1525 enzymes 1519:1525 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 0 58 theme sheet 76:80 arg1 biofabrication 82:95 cell sheet biofabrication 71:95 cell sheet biofabrication 71:95 Thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogels as temporary substrate for cell sheet biofabrication. 26984360 6 59 theme thermo-reversibility 1180:1199 arg1 temperature 1201:1211 a thermo-reversibility temperature 1178:1211 a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason 1178:1237 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 4 60 theme MC 876:877 arg1 concentration 879:891 the MC concentration and type and concentration 872:918 the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation 872:955 Gelation temperatures and rheological behavior depended on the MC concentration and type and concentration of salt used in hydrogel preparation. 26984360 1 61 theme water-soluble 122:134 arg1 polymer 136:142 a water-soluble polymer 120:142 a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose 120:165 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 61 theme water-soluble 122:134 arg1 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose (MC) 98:117 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 7 62 theme hydrogel 1483:1490 arg1 surface 1492:1498 the hydrogel surface 1479:1498 the hydrogel surface 1479:1498 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 3 63 used used 612:615 arg2 test 603:606 The inversion test 589:606 The inversion test 589:606 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 1 64 contain having 219:224 arg1 substrate 209:217 a possible temporary substrate 188:217 a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing 188:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 64 contain having 219:224 arg1 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose 98:112 Methylcellulose (MC) 98:117 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 1 64 contain having 219:224 arg2 properties 244:253 thermo-responsive properties 226:253 thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing 226:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 5 65 theme cytotoxicity 967:978 arg1 tests 980:984 In vitro cytotoxicity tests 958:984 In vitro cytotoxicity tests 958:984 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 5 66 theme toxic 1037:1041 arg1 release 1043:1049 no toxic release 1034:1049 no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels 1034:1079 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 2 67 theme MC-based 285:292 arg1 hydrogels 294:302 MC-based hydrogels 285:302 MC-based hydrogels 285:302 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 68 theme MC 352:353 arg1 powder 355:360 MC powder 352:360 MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) 352:387 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 2 68 theme MC 352:353 arg1 w/v 384:386 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v 363:386 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v 363:386 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 1 69 theme favorable 255:263 arg1 properties 244:253 thermo-responsive properties 226:253 thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing 226:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 26984360 2 70 theme sodium 436:441 arg1 phosphate 443:451 sodium phosphate 436:451 sodium phosphate 436:451 MC-based hydrogels were prepared by a dispersion technique, mixing MC powder (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 % w/v) with selected salts (sodium sulphate, Na2SO4), sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, or phosphate buffered saline, to evaluate the influence of different compositions on the thermo-responsive behavior. 26984360 6 71 theme M 1165:1165 arg1 Na2SO4 1167:1172 0.05 M Na2SO4 1160:1172 0.05 M Na2SO4 1160:1172 Among the investigated compositions, the hydrogel composed of 8 % w/v MC with 0.05 M Na2SO4 had a thermo-reversibility temperature at 37 °C. For that reason, this formulation was thus considered to verify the possibility of inducing in vitro spontaneous detachment of cells previously seeded on the hydrogel surface. 26984360 7 72 theme enzymes 1519:1525 arg1 use 1512:1514 the use 1508:1514 the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel 1508:1586 A continuous cell layer (cell sheet) was allowed to grow and then detached from the hydrogel surface without the use of enzymes, thanks to the thermo-responsive behavior of the MC hydrogel. 26984360 5 73 dep In 958:959 arg1 vitro 961:965 vitro 961:965 vitro 961:965 In vitro cytotoxicity tests, performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts, showed no toxic release from all the tested hydrogels. 26984360 3 74 theme MC 757:758 arg1 hydrogels 760:768 the MC hydrogels 753:768 the MC hydrogels 753:768 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 0 75 theme cell 71:74 arg1 biofabrication 82:95 cell sheet biofabrication 71:95 cell sheet biofabrication 71:95 Thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogels as temporary substrate for cell sheet biofabrication. 26984360 3 76 theme gelation 634:641 arg1 temperatures 643:654 the gelation temperatures 630:654 the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions 630:693 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 3 77 theme hydrogels 760:768 arg1 thermo-reversibility 729:748 thermo-reversibility 729:748 thermo-reversibility 729:748 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 3 77 theme hydrogels 760:768 arg1 properties 714:723 thermo-mechanical properties 696:723 thermo-mechanical properties 696:723 The inversion test was used to determine the gelation temperatures of the different hydrogel compositions; thermo-mechanical properties and thermo-reversibility of the MC hydrogels were investigated by rheological analysis. 26984360 1 78 theme cell 269:272 arg1 culturing 274:282 cell culturing 269:282 cell culturing 269:282 Methylcellulose (MC), a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, was investigated as a possible temporary substrate having thermo-responsive properties favorable for cell culturing. 28545971 8 0 theme DXM-based 1162:1170 arg1 NLC-gel 1172:1178 DXM-based NLC-gel 1162:1178 DXM-based NLC-gel 1162:1178 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 8 1 theme release 1062:1068 arg1 studies 1070:1076 vitro release studies 1056:1076 vitro release studies 1056:1076 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 1 2 theme novel 166:170 arg1 formulation 214:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation 164:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 164:365 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 6 3 theme solution-to-gel 925:939 arg1 transition 941:950 a rapid solution-to-gel transition 917:950 a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C 917:958 The obtained formulation showed a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C. 28545971 6 4 from 35°C 955:958 arg1 transition 941:950 a rapid solution-to-gel transition 917:950 a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C 917:958 The obtained formulation showed a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C. 28545971 8 5 theme vitro 1056:1060 arg1 studies 1070:1076 vitro release studies 1056:1076 vitro release studies 1056:1076 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 1 6 theme ocular 461:466 arg1 system 477:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 1 7 theme composite 172:180 arg1 formulation 214:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation 164:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 164:365 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 1 8 theme delivery 468:475 arg1 system 477:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 1 9 theme resulting 376:384 arg1 formulation 386:396 the resulting formulation 372:396 the resulting formulation 372:396 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 6 10 theme rapid 919:923 arg1 transition 941:950 a rapid solution-to-gel transition 917:950 a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C 917:958 The obtained formulation showed a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C. 28545971 1 11 theme thermosensitive 182:196 arg1 formulation 214:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation 164:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 164:365 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 0 12 theme dexamethasone 122:134 arg1 delivery 110:117 delivery 110:117 delivery of dexamethasone 110:134 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 1 13 theme in 198:199 arg1 formulation 214:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation 164:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 164:365 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 8 14 theme total 1089:1093 arg1 DXM 1095:1097 total DXM 1089:1097 total DXM 1089:1097 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 9 15 theme DXM-based 1228:1236 arg1 system 1283:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 9 15 theme DXM-based 1228:1236 arg1 gel 1250:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 4 16 theme 1H 771:772 arg1 NMR 774:776 1H NMR 771:776 1H NMR 771:776 The HACC was synthesized and structure was analyzed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. 28545971 9 17 theme NLC-HACC/GP 1238:1248 arg1 system 1283:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 9 17 theme NLC-HACC/GP 1238:1248 arg1 gel 1250:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 3 18 theme zeta 604:607 arg1 potential 609:617 zeta potential 604:617 zeta potential 604:617 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 1 19 theme gelling 206:212 arg1 formulation 214:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation 164:224 a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 164:365 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 9 20 theme drug 1269:1272 arg1 system 1283:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 9 20 theme drug 1269:1272 arg1 gel 1250:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 3 21 theme particle 589:596 arg1 size 598:601 particle size 589:601 particle size 589:601 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 7 22 theme HACC/β-GP 995:1003 arg1 hydrogel 1005:1012 HACC/β-GP hydrogel 995:1012 HACC/β-GP hydrogel 995:1012 The NLC were then incorporated in HACC/β-GP hydrogel to form a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier. 28545971 8 23 theme DXM 1095:1097 arg1 % 1084:1084 88.65% 1079:1084 88.65% of total DXM 1079:1097 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 8 23 theme DXM 1095:1097 arg1 DXM 1095:1097 total DXM 1089:1097 total DXM 1089:1097 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 3 24 theme NLC 682:684 arg1 size 598:601 particle size 589:601 particle size 589:601 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 3 24 theme NLC 682:684 arg1 potential 609:617 zeta potential 604:617 zeta potential 604:617 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 3 24 theme NLC 682:684 arg1 efficiency 634:643 encapsulation efficiency 620:643 encapsulation efficiency 620:643 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 3 24 theme NLC 682:684 arg1 properties 664:673 morphological properties 650:673 morphological properties 650:673 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 0 25 theme lipid 51:55 arg1 carriers 57:64 nanostructured lipid carriers 36:64 nanostructured lipid carriers 36:64 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 6 26 theme obtained 889:896 arg1 formulation 898:908 The obtained formulation 885:908 The obtained formulation 885:908 The obtained formulation showed a rapid solution-to-gel transition at 35°C. 28545971 3 27 theme encapsulation 620:632 arg1 efficiency 634:643 encapsulation efficiency 620:643 encapsulation efficiency 620:643 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 0 28 theme nanostructured 36:49 arg1 carriers 57:64 nanostructured lipid carriers 36:64 nanostructured lipid carriers 36:64 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 2 29 theme melt-emulsification 557:575 arg1 method 577:582 the melt-emulsification method 553:582 the melt-emulsification method 553:582 NLC formulation loaded with dexamethasone (DXM) were prepared using the melt-emulsification method. 28545971 9 30 theme promising 1259:1267 arg1 system 1283:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 9 30 theme promising 1259:1267 arg1 gel 1250:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 1 31 theme nanostructured 236:249 arg1 NLC 267:269 NLC 267:269 NLC 267:269 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 1 31 theme nanostructured 236:249 arg1 carriers 257:264 the nanostructured lipid carriers 232:264 the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) 232:270 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 8 32 theme NLC-HACC/GP 1121:1131 arg1 gel 1133:1135 the NLC-HACC/GP gel 1117:1135 the NLC-HACC/GP gel 1117:1135 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 5 33 theme thermosensitive 781:795 arg1 hydrogel 797:804 A thermosensitive hydrogel 779:804 A thermosensitive hydrogel 779:804 A thermosensitive hydrogel was designed and prepared by simply mixing HACC and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). 28545971 0 34 theme carriers 57:64 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 0 34 theme carriers 57:64 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 9 35 theme delivery 1274:1281 arg1 system 1283:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 a promising drug delivery system 1257:1288 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 9 35 theme delivery 1274:1281 arg1 gel 1250:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel 1228:1252 Taken together, DXM-based NLC-HACC/GP gel is a promising drug delivery system. 28545971 2 36 theme NLC 485:487 arg1 formulation 489:499 NLC formulation 485:499 NLC formulation loaded with dexamethasone (DXM) 485:531 NLC formulation loaded with dexamethasone (DXM) were prepared using the melt-emulsification method. 28545971 1 37 dep in 198:199 arg1 situ 201:204 situ 201:204 situ 201:204 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 7 38 theme hydrogel 1035:1042 arg1 carrier 1044:1050 a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier 1022:1050 a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier 1022:1050 The NLC were then incorporated in HACC/β-GP hydrogel to form a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier. 28545971 1 39 theme -based 350:355 arg1 hydrogels 357:365 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 294:365 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels 294:365 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 3 40 theme morphological 650:662 arg1 properties 664:673 morphological properties 650:673 morphological properties 650:673 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 28545971 8 41 attach released 1103:1110 arg2 DXM 1095:1097 total DXM 1089:1097 total DXM 1089:1097 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 8 41 attach released 1103:1110 arg2 % 1084:1084 88.65% 1079:1084 88.65% of total DXM 1079:1097 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 8 41 attach released 1103:1110 arg1 gel 1133:1135 the NLC-HACC/GP gel 1117:1135 the NLC-HACC/GP gel 1117:1135 In vitro release studies, 88.65% of total DXM was released from the NLC-HACC/GP gel within 3days, indicating DXM-based NLC-gel could release drug sustainably. 28545971 1 42 theme lipid 251:255 arg1 NLC 267:269 NLC 267:269 NLC 267:269 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 1 42 theme lipid 251:255 arg1 carriers 257:264 the nanostructured lipid carriers 232:264 the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) 232:270 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 1 43 theme potential 441:449 arg1 system 477:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 0 44 theme thermosensitive 81:95 arg1 hydrogel 97:104 chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel 72:104 chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone 72:134 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 1 45 theme sustained 451:459 arg1 system 477:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 a potential sustained ocular delivery system 439:482 This study aims to explore a novel composite thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation which the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was incorporated into hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based hydrogels, and the resulting formulation investigated for its potential to act as a potential sustained ocular delivery system. 28545971 7 46 theme NLC-loaded 1024:1033 arg1 carrier 1044:1050 a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier 1022:1050 a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier 1022:1050 The NLC were then incorporated in HACC/β-GP hydrogel to form a NLC-loaded hydrogel carrier. 28545971 0 47 theme chitosan 72:79 arg1 hydrogel 97:104 chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel 72:104 chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone 72:134 Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. 28545971 3 48 dep size 598:601 arg1 The 585:587 The 585:587 The 585:587 The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological properties of the NLC were characterized. 26682858 4 0 from g/liter 534:540 arg1 medium 579:584 the tomato juice-sucrose medium 554:584 the tomato juice-sucrose medium 554:584 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 1 theme h. 615:616 arg1 Based 618:622 96 h. Based 612:622 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition 612:656 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 3 2 theme % 448:448 arg1 sucrose 459:465 15% (wt/vol) sucrose 446:465 15% (wt/vol) sucrose 446:465 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 4 3 theme consecutive 868:878 arg1 2→6 883:885 2→6 883:885 2→6 883:885 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 3 theme consecutive 868:878 arg1 β- 880:881 consecutive β- 868:881 consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 868:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 4 theme molecular 946:954 arg1 mass 956:959 an estimated average molecular mass 925:959 an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 925:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 2 5 theme BD1707 271:276 arg1 production 288:297 levan production 282:297 levan production in tomato juice 282:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 2 5 theme BD1707 271:276 arg1 growth 250:255 the growth 246:255 the growth of L. citreum BD1707 246:276 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 2 6 from production 288:297 arg1 juice 309:313 tomato juice 302:313 tomato juice 302:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 0 7 from Growth 58:63 arg1 Juice 75:79 Tomato Juice 68:79 Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose 68:105 Levan-Producing Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 and Its Growth in Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose. 26682858 4 8 with units 913:917 arg1 mass 956:959 an estimated average molecular mass 925:959 an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 925:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 2 9 theme citreum 263:269 arg1 BD1707 271:276 L. citreum BD1707 260:276 L. citreum BD1707 260:276 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 2 10 from effects 217:223 arg1 production 288:297 levan production 282:297 levan production in tomato juice 282:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 2 10 from effects 217:223 arg1 growth 250:255 the growth 246:255 the growth of L. citreum BD1707 246:276 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 1 11 theme BD1707 134:139 arg1 citreum 204:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 1 11 theme BD1707 134:139 arg1 strain 126:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 4 12 theme resonance 752:760 arg1 spectra 768:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 3 13 theme tomato 415:420 arg1 juice 422:426 the cultured tomato juice 402:426 the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose 402:465 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 2 14 theme L. 260:261 arg1 BD1707 271:276 L. citreum BD1707 260:276 L. citreum BD1707 260:276 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 4 15 theme Da 976:977 arg1 mass 956:959 an estimated average molecular mass 925:959 an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 925:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 1 16 theme Tibetan 160:166 arg1 kefir 168:172 Tibetan kefir 160:172 Tibetan kefir 160:172 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 4 17 theme linear 838:843 arg1 backbone 845:852 a linear backbone 836:852 a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 836:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 18 theme magnetic 743:750 arg1 spectra 768:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 19 theme d-fructofuranosyl 895:911 arg1 units 913:917 d-fructofuranosyl units 895:917 d-fructofuranosyl units 895:917 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 0 20 theme Leuconostoc 16:26 arg1 Strain 36:41 Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 16:48 Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 16:48 Levan-Producing Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 and Its Growth in Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose. 26682858 1 21 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 citreum 204:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 1 21 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 kefir 168:172 Tibetan kefir 160:172 Tibetan kefir 160:172 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 1 21 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 strain 126:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 4 22 theme NMR 763:765 arg1 spectra 768:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 3 23 theme cell 356:359 arg1 count 361:365 viable cell count 349:365 viable cell count 349:365 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 4 24 theme L. 486:487 arg1 BD1707 497:502 L. citreum BD1707 486:502 L. citreum BD1707 486:502 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 2 25 theme levan 282:286 arg1 production 288:297 levan production 282:297 levan production in tomato juice 282:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 3 26 theme cultured 406:413 arg1 juice 422:426 the cultured tomato juice 402:426 the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose 402:465 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 0 27 theme citreum 28:34 arg1 Strain 36:41 Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 16:48 Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 16:48 Levan-Producing Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 and Its Growth in Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose. 26682858 4 28 theme citreum 805:811 arg1 BD1707 813:818 L. citreum BD1707 802:818 L. citreum BD1707 802:818 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 29 theme molecular 659:667 arg1 distribution 674:685 molecular mass distribution 659:685 molecular mass distribution 659:685 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 2 30 from growth 250:255 arg1 juice 309:313 tomato juice 302:313 tomato juice 302:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 1 31 theme Leuconostoc 192:202 arg1 citreum 204:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 1 31 theme Leuconostoc 192:202 arg1 strain 126:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 3 32 theme sugar 368:372 arg1 content 374:380 sugar content 368:380 sugar content 368:380 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 4 33 theme citreum 489:495 arg1 BD1707 497:502 L. citreum BD1707 486:502 L. citreum BD1707 486:502 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 2 34 theme carbon 228:233 arg1 sources 235:241 carbon sources 228:241 carbon sources 228:241 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 4 35 theme juice-sucrose 565:577 arg1 medium 579:584 the tomato juice-sucrose medium 554:584 the tomato juice-sucrose medium 554:584 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 3 36 theme levan 387:391 arg1 yield 393:397 levan yield 387:397 levan yield 387:397 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 3 37 from changes 334:340 arg1 pH 345:346 pH 345:346 pH 345:346 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 3 37 from changes 334:340 arg1 yield 393:397 levan yield 387:397 levan yield 387:397 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 3 37 from changes 334:340 arg1 juice 422:426 the cultured tomato juice 402:426 the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose 402:465 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 3 37 from changes 334:340 arg1 count 361:365 viable cell count 349:365 viable cell count 349:365 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 3 37 from changes 334:340 arg1 content 374:380 sugar content 368:380 sugar content 368:380 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 4 38 theme tomato 558:563 arg1 medium 579:584 the tomato juice-sucrose medium 554:584 the tomato juice-sucrose medium 554:584 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 39 theme nuclear 735:741 arg1 spectra 768:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 735:774 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 1 40 theme levan-producing 110:124 arg1 citreum 204:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 Leuconostoc citreum 192:210 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 1 40 theme levan-producing 110:124 arg1 strain 126:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain 108:131 A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. 26682858 4 41 theme FTIR 716:719 arg1 spectra 722:728 infrared (FTIR) spectra 706:728 infrared (FTIR) spectra 706:728 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 42 theme L. 802:803 arg1 BD1707 813:818 L. citreum BD1707 802:818 L. citreum BD1707 802:818 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 43 theme monosaccharide 631:644 arg1 composition 646:656 the monosaccharide composition 627:656 the monosaccharide composition 627:656 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 44 theme mass 669:672 arg1 distribution 674:685 molecular mass distribution 659:685 molecular mass distribution 659:685 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 45 theme infrared 706:713 arg1 spectra 722:728 infrared (FTIR) spectra 706:728 infrared (FTIR) spectra 706:728 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 2 46 theme tomato 302:307 arg1 juice 309:313 tomato juice 302:313 tomato juice 302:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 4 47 theme × 968:968 arg1 Da 976:977 4.3 × 10(6) Da 964:977 4.3 × 10(6) Da 964:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 0 48 theme Tomato 68:73 arg1 Juice 75:79 Tomato Juice 68:79 Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose 68:105 Levan-Producing Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 and Its Growth in Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose. 26682858 4 49 theme average 938:944 arg1 mass 956:959 an estimated average molecular mass 925:959 an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 925:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 50 from Based 618:622 arg1 composition 646:656 the monosaccharide composition 627:656 the monosaccharide composition 627:656 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 4 51 theme levan 545:549 arg1 g/liter 534:540 more than 28 g/liter 521:540 more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium 521:584 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 26682858 0 52 from Strain 36:41 arg1 Juice 75:79 Tomato Juice 68:79 Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose 68:105 Levan-Producing Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 and Its Growth in Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose. 26682858 2 53 theme sources 235:241 arg1 effects 217:223 The effects 213:223 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice 213:313 The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. 26682858 3 54 theme viable 349:354 arg1 count 361:365 viable cell count 349:365 viable cell count 349:365 The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. 26682858 4 55 theme estimated 928:936 arg1 mass 956:959 an estimated average molecular mass 925:959 an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da 925:977 L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da. 23988565 2 0 theme 290 339:341 arg1 μm 343:344 μm 343:344 μm 343:344 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 6 1 theme iron 767:770 arg1 particles 797:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 761:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 761:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 4 2 theme drug 513:516 arg1 rate 501:504 The encapsulation rate 483:504 The encapsulation rate of the drug 483:516 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 4 2 theme drug 513:516 arg1 % 524:524 71% 522:524 71% for chitosan particles 522:547 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 6 3 theme composite 787:795 arg1 particles 797:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 761:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 761:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 4 theme drug 887:890 arg1 carriers 892:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 4 theme drug 887:890 arg1 enhancers 935:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 5 theme oxide-chitosan 772:785 arg1 particles 797:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 761:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 761:805 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 3 6 from drug 451:454 arg1 study 476:480 the drug release study 459:480 the drug release study 459:480 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 4 7 theme magnetic 562:569 arg1 particles 591:599 magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles 562:599 magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles 562:599 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 6 8 theme responsive 876:885 arg1 carriers 892:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 8 theme responsive 876:885 arg1 enhancers 935:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 5 9 from hour 712:715 arg1 % 697:697 up to 41.6% 687:697 up to 41.6% 687:697 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 6 10 from future 953:958 arg1 useful 823:828 useful 823:828 useful 823:828 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 3 11 theme model 445:449 arg1 drug 451:454 the model drug 441:454 the model drug in the drug release study 441:480 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 3 11 theme model 445:449 arg1 Mitoxantrone 416:427 Mitoxantrone 416:427 Mitoxantrone 416:427 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 6 12 theme magnetic 867:874 arg1 carriers 892:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 12 theme magnetic 867:874 arg1 enhancers 935:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 3 13 theme drug 463:466 arg1 study 476:480 the drug release study 459:480 the drug release study 459:480 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 4 14 theme oxide-chitosan 576:589 arg1 particles 591:599 magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles 562:599 magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles 562:599 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 1 15 theme Fe₃O₄-chitosan 175:188 arg1 particles 200:208 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles 175:208 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape 175:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 0 16 theme particles 60:68 arg1 synthesis 22:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis 0:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications 0:91 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications. 23988565 5 17 contain had 660:662 arg1 particles 650:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 5 17 contain had 660:662 arg2 rate 681:684 a faster release rate 664:684 a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) 664:716 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 2 18 dep μm 343:344 arg1 to 346:347 to 346:347 to 346:347 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 1 19 theme composite 190:198 arg1 particles 200:208 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles 175:208 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape 175:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 0 20 theme one-step 13:20 arg1 synthesis 22:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis 0:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications 0:91 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications. 23988565 5 21 theme release 673:679 arg1 rate 681:684 a faster release rate 664:684 a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) 664:716 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 1 22 theme particles 200:208 arg1 synthesis 162:170 the one-step synthesis 149:170 the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape 149:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 0 23 theme Microfluidic 0:11 arg1 synthesis 22:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis 0:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications 0:91 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications. 23988565 4 24 theme encapsulation 487:499 arg1 rate 501:504 The encapsulation rate 483:504 The encapsulation rate of the drug 483:516 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 4 24 theme encapsulation 487:499 arg1 % 524:524 71% 522:524 71% for chitosan particles 522:547 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 5 25 dep 41.6 693:696 arg1 to 690:691 to 690:691 to 690:691 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 2 26 theme 412 349:351 arg1 μm 343:344 μm 343:344 μm 343:344 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 5 27 theme third 706:710 arg1 hour 712:715 the third hour 702:715 the third hour 702:715 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 1 28 theme tadpole-like 215:226 arg1 shape 228:232 tadpole-like shape 215:232 tadpole-like shape 215:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 2 29 theme flow 382:385 arg1 rate 387:390 the flow rate 378:390 the flow rate of the dispersed phase 378:413 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 5 30 theme iron 620:623 arg1 particles 650:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 1 31 theme simple 120:125 arg1 approach 136:143 a simple and easy approach 118:143 a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape 118:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 2 32 dep length 239:244 arg1 The 235:237 The 235:237 The 235:237 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 0 33 theme composite 50:58 arg1 particles 60:68 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles 35:68 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles 35:68 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications. 23988565 5 34 theme oxide-chitosan 625:638 arg1 particles 650:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 3 35 used used 433:436 arg2 Mitoxantrone 416:427 Mitoxantrone 416:427 Mitoxantrone 416:427 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 3 35 used used 433:436 arg2 drug 451:454 the model drug 441:454 the model drug in the drug release study 441:480 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 4 36 theme iron 571:574 arg1 particles 591:599 magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles 562:599 magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles 562:599 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 23988565 5 37 theme chitosan 727:734 arg1 particles 736:744 the chitosan particles 723:744 the chitosan particles (about 24.6%) 723:758 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 5 37 theme chitosan 727:734 arg1 % 757:757 about 24.6% 747:757 about 24.6% 747:757 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 0 38 theme Fe₃O₄-chitosan 35:48 arg1 particles 60:68 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles 35:68 Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles 35:68 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications. 23988565 6 39 theme biomedical 834:843 arg1 carriers 892:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 39 theme biomedical 834:843 arg1 applications 845:856 biomedical applications 834:856 biomedical applications 834:856 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 5 40 theme composite 640:648 arg1 particles 650:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles 616:658 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 2 41 from μm 353:354 arg1 adjustable 281:290 adjustable 281:290 adjustable 281:290 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 5 42 theme faster 666:671 arg1 rate 681:684 a faster release rate 664:684 a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) 664:716 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 2 43 theme phase 409:413 arg1 rate 387:390 the flow rate 378:390 the flow rate of the dispersed phase 378:413 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 1 44 with particles 200:208 arg1 shape 228:232 tadpole-like shape 215:232 tadpole-like shape 215:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 2 45 dep 798 313:315 arg1 ca. 309:311 ca. 309:311 ca. 309:311 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 2 46 theme dispersed 399:407 arg1 phase 409:413 the dispersed phase 395:413 the dispersed phase 395:413 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 6 47 from useful 823:828 arg1 future 953:958 future 953:958 future 953:958 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 1 48 theme easy 131:134 arg1 approach 136:143 a simple and easy approach 118:143 a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape 118:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 5 49 dep rate 681:684 arg1 % 697:697 up to 41.6% 687:697 up to 41.6% 687:697 The iron oxide-chitosan composite particles had a faster release rate (up to 41.6% at the third hour) than the chitosan particles (about 24.6%). 23988565 6 50 theme imaging 921:927 arg1 enhancers 935:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 50 theme imaging 921:927 arg1 carriers 892:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 magnetic responsive drug carriers 867:899 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 3 51 theme release 468:474 arg1 study 476:480 the drug release study 459:480 the drug release study 459:480 Mitoxantrone was used as the model drug in the drug release study. 23988565 6 52 theme resonance 911:919 arg1 MRI 930:932 MRI 930:932 MRI 930:932 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 52 theme resonance 911:919 arg1 imaging 921:927 magnetic resonance imaging 902:927 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 0 53 theme applications 80:91 arg1 synthesis 22:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis 0:30 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications 0:91 Microfluidic one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles and their applications. 23988565 2 54 theme particles 266:274 arg1 diameter 250:257 diameter 250:257 diameter 250:257 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 2 54 theme particles 266:274 arg1 length 239:244 length 239:244 length 239:244 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 2 55 from μm 303:304 arg1 adjustable 281:290 adjustable 281:290 adjustable 281:290 The length and diameter of the particles were adjustable from 638.3 μm to ca. 798 μm (length), and from 290 μm to 412 μm (diameter) by varying the flow rate of the dispersed phase. 23988565 6 56 theme magnetic 902:909 arg1 MRI 930:932 MRI 930:932 MRI 930:932 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 6 56 theme magnetic 902:909 arg1 imaging 921:927 magnetic resonance imaging 902:927 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers 902:943 These iron oxide-chitosan composite particles are potentially useful for biomedical applications, such as magnetic responsive drug carriers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancers, in the future. 23988565 1 57 theme one-step 153:160 arg1 synthesis 162:170 the one-step synthesis 149:170 the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape 149:232 This paper demonstrates a simple and easy approach for the one-step synthesis of Fe₃O₄-chitosan composite particles with tadpole-like shape. 23988565 4 58 theme chitosan 530:537 arg1 particles 539:547 chitosan particles 530:547 chitosan particles 530:547 The encapsulation rate of the drug was 71% for chitosan particles, and 69% for magnetic iron oxide-chitosan particles, respectively. 27704757 5 0 theme cell 815:818 arg1 migration 820:828 significantly greater cell migration 793:828 significantly greater cell migration 793:828 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 7 1 theme pH-sensitive 1213:1224 arg1 hydrogels 1226:1234 these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1201:1234 these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1201:1234 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 5 2 theme tannic 882:887 arg1 extracts 903:910 tannic acid hydrogel extracts 882:910 tannic acid hydrogel extracts 882:910 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 1 3 theme release 187:193 arg1 applications 195:206 controlled drug release applications 171:206 controlled drug release applications 171:206 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 0 4 theme Wound 107:111 arg1 Healing 113:119 Wound Healing 107:119 Wound Healing 107:119 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 7 5 theme hydrogels 1226:1234 arg1 characteristics 1182:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics 1122:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1122:1234 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 2 6 theme zinc 387:390 arg1 ions 392:395 zinc ions 387:395 zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 387:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 5 7 theme simulated 769:777 arg1 assays 785:790 simulated wound assays 769:790 simulated wound assays 769:790 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 5 8 theme wound 779:783 arg1 assays 785:790 simulated wound assays 769:790 simulated wound assays 769:790 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 7 9 theme novel 1207:1211 arg1 hydrogels 1226:1234 these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1201:1234 these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1201:1234 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 4 10 theme fibroblast 743:752 arg1 lines 759:763 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 739:763 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 739:763 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27704757 6 11 theme concentration-dependent 1025:1047 arg1 manner 1049:1054 a concentration-dependent manner 1023:1054 a concentration-dependent manner 1023:1054 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 4 12 theme 3T3 739:741 arg1 lines 759:763 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 739:763 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 739:763 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27704757 6 13 theme acid 937:940 arg1 able 957:960 able 957:960 able 957:960 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 6 13 theme acid 937:940 arg1 hydrogels 942:950 the tannic acid hydrogels 926:950 the tannic acid hydrogels 926:950 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 7 14 theme wound 1271:1275 arg1 dressings 1277:1285 wound dressings 1271:1285 wound dressings 1271:1285 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 3 15 theme acidic 563:568 arg1 pH 570:571 acidic pH 563:571 acidic pH 563:571 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 2 16 theme tannic 430:435 arg1 acid 437:440 tannic acid 430:440 tannic acid 430:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 6 17 theme tannic 930:935 arg1 able 957:960 able 957:960 able 957:960 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 6 17 theme tannic 930:935 arg1 hydrogels 942:950 the tannic acid hydrogels 926:950 the tannic acid hydrogels 926:950 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 7 18 theme promising 1246:1254 arg1 candidates 1256:1265 promising candidates 1246:1265 promising candidates for wound dressings 1246:1285 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 3 19 from neutral 514:520 arg1 release 488:494 negligible release 477:494 negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH 477:536 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 3 19 from neutral 514:520 arg1 release 552:558 sustained release 542:558 sustained release 542:558 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 6 20 theme human 1002:1006 arg1 macrophages 1008:1018 stimulated human macrophages 991:1018 stimulated human macrophages 991:1018 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 2 21 theme agarose/tannic 330:343 arg1 scaffolds 359:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds 311:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 311:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 2 22 theme acid 345:348 arg1 scaffolds 359:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds 311:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 311:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 0 23 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 7 24 theme anti-inflammatory 1164:1180 arg1 characteristics 1182:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics 1122:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1122:1234 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 5 25 located observed 852:859 arg1 assays 785:790 simulated wound assays 769:790 simulated wound assays 769:790 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 5 25 located observed 852:859 arg2 migration 820:828 significantly greater cell migration 793:828 significantly greater cell migration 793:828 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 5 25 located observed 852:859 arg2 proliferation 834:846 proliferation 834:846 proliferation 834:846 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 1 26 theme pH-sensitive 122:133 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 pH-sensitive hydrogels 122:143 pH-sensitive hydrogels 122:143 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 2 27 theme pH-controlled 405:417 arg1 release 419:425 the pH-controlled release 401:425 the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 401:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 0 28 theme pH-Responsive 36:48 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 7 29 theme antibacterial 1145:1157 arg1 characteristics 1182:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics 1122:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1122:1234 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 3 30 from pH 535:536 arg1 release 488:494 negligible release 477:494 negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH 477:536 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 3 30 from pH 535:536 arg1 release 552:558 sustained release 542:558 sustained release 542:558 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 2 31 theme carboxylated 317:328 arg1 scaffolds 359:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds 311:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 311:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 3 32 theme acid 506:509 arg1 release 488:494 negligible release 477:494 negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH 477:536 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 3 32 theme acid 506:509 arg1 release 552:558 sustained release 542:558 sustained release 542:558 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 0 33 theme Anti-Inflammatory 18:34 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 2 34 theme novel 311:315 arg1 scaffolds 359:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds 311:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 311:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 5 35 theme acid 889:892 arg1 extracts 903:910 tannic acid hydrogel extracts 882:910 tannic acid hydrogel extracts 882:910 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 0 36 theme Acid-Carboxylated 57:73 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 4 37 theme cell 754:757 arg1 lines 759:763 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 739:763 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 739:763 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27704757 7 38 theme cytocompatibility 1126:1142 arg1 characteristics 1182:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics 1122:1196 the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels 1122:1234 Taken together, the cytocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of these novel pH-sensitive hydrogels make them promising candidates for wound dressings. 27704757 5 39 theme hydrogel 894:901 arg1 extracts 903:910 tannic acid hydrogel extracts 882:910 tannic acid hydrogel extracts 882:910 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 3 40 theme maximum 600:606 arg1 swelling 608:615 maximum swelling 600:615 maximum swelling 600:615 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 0 41 theme Tannic 50:55 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 6 42 theme stimulated 991:1000 arg1 macrophages 1008:1018 stimulated human macrophages 991:1018 stimulated human macrophages 991:1018 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 3 43 theme resulting 447:455 arg1 hydrogels 457:465 The resulting hydrogels 443:465 The resulting hydrogels 443:465 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 1 44 contain have 212:215 arg2 potential 221:229 the potential to impact the management of wounds 217:264 the potential to impact the management of wounds 217:264 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 1 44 contain have 212:215 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 pH-sensitive hydrogels 122:143 pH-sensitive hydrogels 122:143 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 6 45 theme anti-inflammatory 1078:1094 arg1 activity 1096:1103 effective anti-inflammatory activity 1068:1103 effective anti-inflammatory activity 1068:1103 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 2 46 theme acid 437:440 arg1 release 419:425 the pH-controlled release 401:425 the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 401:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 0 47 theme Composite 83:91 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 6 48 from production 977:986 arg1 macrophages 1008:1018 stimulated human macrophages 991:1018 stimulated human macrophages 991:1018 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 3 49 theme negligible 477:486 arg1 release 488:494 negligible release 477:494 negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH 477:536 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 3 50 theme alkaline 526:533 arg1 pH 535:536 alkaline pH 526:536 alkaline pH 526:536 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 0 51 theme Agarose 75:81 arg1 Hydrogels 93:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels 0:101 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 0:120 Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory pH-Responsive Tannic Acid-Carboxylated Agarose Composite Hydrogels for Wound Healing. 27704757 3 52 theme sustained 542:550 arg1 release 552:558 sustained release 542:558 sustained release 542:558 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 1 53 theme important 153:161 arg1 role 163:166 an important role 150:166 an important role 150:166 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 6 54 theme NO 974:975 arg1 production 977:986 NO production 974:986 NO production in stimulated human macrophages 974:1018 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 4 55 theme cytotoxicity 719:730 arg1 lack 711:714 a lack 709:714 a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines 709:763 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27704757 2 56 theme scaffolds 359:367 arg1 fabrication 296:306 the fabrication 292:306 the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 292:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 6 57 from addition 916:923 arg1 able 957:960 able 957:960 able 957:960 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 6 57 from addition 916:923 arg1 hydrogels 942:950 the tannic acid hydrogels 926:950 the tannic acid hydrogels 926:950 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 2 58 theme hydrogel 350:357 arg1 scaffolds 359:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds 311:367 novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid 311:440 In this study, we report the fabrication of novel carboxylated agarose/tannic acid hydrogel scaffolds cross-linked with zinc ions for the pH-controlled release of tannic acid. 27704757 1 59 theme wounds 259:264 arg1 management 245:254 the management 241:254 the management of wounds 241:264 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 6 60 from able 957:960 arg1 addition 916:923 addition 916:923 addition 916:923 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 3 61 theme tannic 499:504 arg1 acid 506:509 tannic acid 499:509 tannic acid 499:509 The resulting hydrogels exhibited negligible release of tannic acid at neutral and alkaline pH and sustained release at acidic pH, where they also displayed maximum swelling. 27704757 4 62 theme anti-inflammatory 675:691 arg1 properties 693:702 favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 647:702 favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 647:702 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27704757 1 63 theme controlled 171:180 arg1 applications 195:206 controlled drug release applications 171:206 controlled drug release applications 171:206 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 4 64 theme antibacterial 657:669 arg1 properties 693:702 favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 647:702 favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 647:702 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27704757 5 65 theme greater 807:813 arg1 migration 820:828 significantly greater cell migration 793:828 significantly greater cell migration 793:828 In simulated wound assays, significantly greater cell migration and proliferation was observed for cells exposed to tannic acid hydrogel extracts. 27704757 6 66 theme effective 1068:1076 arg1 activity 1096:1103 effective anti-inflammatory activity 1068:1103 effective anti-inflammatory activity 1068:1103 In addition, the tannic acid hydrogels were able to suppress NO production in stimulated human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating effective anti-inflammatory activity. 27704757 1 67 theme drug 182:185 arg1 applications 195:206 controlled drug release applications 171:206 controlled drug release applications 171:206 pH-sensitive hydrogels play an important role in controlled drug release applications and have the potential to impact the management of wounds. 27704757 4 68 theme favorable 647:655 arg1 properties 693:702 favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 647:702 favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 647:702 The hydrogels also displayed favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and a lack of cytotoxicity toward 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. 27936727 4 0 link ECM-derived 931:941 arg1 conduits 952:959 ECM-derived vascular conduits 931:959 ECM-derived vascular conduits 931:959 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 4 1 theme factors 1020:1026 arg1 recruitment 982:992 recruitment 982:992 recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro 982:1096 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 3 2 from binding 757:763 arg1 deposition 625:634 increased deposition 615:634 increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM 615:815 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 1 3 theme extracellular 305:317 arg1 matrix 319:324 extracellular matrix 305:324 extracellular matrix (ECM) 305:330 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 3 theme extracellular 305:317 arg1 ECM 327:329 ECM 327:329 ECM 327:329 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 4 4 theme growth 1013:1018 arg1 factors 1020:1026 heparin-binding growth factors 997:1026 heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro 997:1096 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 3 5 theme reduction 735:743 arg1 deposition 625:634 increased deposition 615:634 increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM 615:815 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 4 6 theme long-term 877:885 arg1 attachment 904:913 long-term endothelial cell attachment 877:913 long-term endothelial cell attachment 877:913 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 2 7 theme collagens 558:566 arg1 subset 548:553 a subset 546:553 a subset of collagens 546:566 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 4 8 theme cell 899:902 arg1 attachment 904:913 long-term endothelial cell attachment 877:913 long-term endothelial cell attachment 877:913 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 5 9 theme significant 1324:1334 arg1 challenge 1336:1344 a significant challenge 1322:1344 a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs 1322:1415 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 5 10 theme simple 1131:1136 arg1 method 1152:1157 a simple yet effective method 1129:1157 a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue 1129:1308 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 4 11 theme endothelial 887:897 arg1 attachment 904:913 long-term endothelial cell attachment 877:913 long-term endothelial cell attachment 877:913 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 3 12 theme ECM 585:587 arg1 Modification 569:580 Modification 569:580 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin 569:604 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 3 13 from heparin 650:656 arg1 binding 757:763 platelet binding 748:763 platelet binding 748:763 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 0 14 theme Tissues 146:152 arg1 Endothelialization 109:126 Endothelialization 109:126 Endothelialization of Decellularized Tissues 109:152 Targeting Heparin to Collagen within Extracellular Matrix Significantly Reduces Thrombogenicity and Improves Endothelialization of Decellularized Tissues. 27936727 5 15 theme vascularized 1397:1408 arg1 organs 1410:1415 vascularized organs 1397:1415 vascularized organs 1397:1415 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 1 16 theme bioartificial 230:242 arg1 conduits 265:272 bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits 230:272 bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits 230:272 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 16 theme bioartificial 230:242 arg1 those 286:290 those 286:290 those 286:290 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 0 17 theme Decellularized 131:144 arg1 Tissues 146:152 Decellularized Tissues 131:152 Decellularized Tissues 131:152 Targeting Heparin to Collagen within Extracellular Matrix Significantly Reduces Thrombogenicity and Improves Endothelialization of Decellularized Tissues. 27936727 5 18 theme effective 1142:1150 arg1 method 1152:1157 a simple yet effective method 1129:1157 a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue 1129:1308 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 3 19 from reduction 735:743 arg1 binding 757:763 platelet binding 748:763 platelet binding 748:763 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 5 20 from deposition 1171:1180 arg1 surface 1211:1217 the surface 1207:1217 the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts 1207:1246 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 2 21 theme binding 447:453 arg1 CBP 464:466 CBP 464:466 CBP 464:466 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 2 21 theme binding 447:453 arg1 peptide 455:461 a collagen binding peptide 436:461 a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens 436:566 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 5 22 theme vascular 1232:1239 arg1 grafts 1241:1246 ECM-based vascular grafts 1222:1246 ECM-based vascular grafts 1222:1246 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 2 23 theme collagen 438:445 arg1 CBP 464:466 CBP 464:466 CBP 464:466 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 2 23 theme collagen 438:445 arg1 peptide 455:461 a collagen binding peptide 436:461 a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens 436:566 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 3 24 theme blood 782:786 arg1 clotting 788:795 whole blood clotting 776:795 whole blood clotting (>80%) 776:802 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 3 24 theme blood 782:786 arg1 % 801:801 >80% 798:801 >80% 798:801 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 3 25 from clotting 788:795 arg1 binding 757:763 platelet binding 748:763 platelet binding 748:763 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 2 26 theme easy-to-implement 353:369 arg1 strategy 371:378 an easy-to-implement strategy 350:378 an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens 350:566 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 3 27 theme clotting 788:795 arg1 deposition 625:634 increased deposition 615:634 increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM 615:815 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 4 28 theme ECM-derived 931:941 arg1 conduits 952:959 ECM-derived vascular conduits 931:959 ECM-derived vascular conduits 931:959 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 5 29 from challenge 1336:1344 arg1 engineering 1356:1366 tissue engineering 1349:1366 tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs 1349:1415 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 3 30 from deposition 625:634 arg1 binding 757:763 platelet binding 748:763 platelet binding 748:763 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 4 31 theme endothelialization 1070:1087 arg1 durability 1056:1065 the durability 1052:1065 the durability of endothelialization 1052:1087 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 5 32 theme ECM-based 1222:1230 arg1 grafts 1241:1246 ECM-based vascular grafts 1222:1246 ECM-based vascular grafts 1222:1246 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 3 33 theme glycosaminoglycan 684:700 arg1 composition 702:712 glycosaminoglycan composition 684:712 glycosaminoglycan composition 684:712 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 5 34 theme vessels 1385:1391 arg1 engineering 1356:1366 tissue engineering 1349:1366 tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs 1349:1415 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 1 35 theme vascular 256:263 arg1 conduits 265:272 bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits 230:272 bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits 230:272 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 35 theme vascular 256:263 arg1 those 286:290 those 286:290 those 286:290 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 0 36 theme Extracellular 37:49 arg1 Matrix 51:56 Extracellular Matrix 37:56 Extracellular Matrix 37:56 Targeting Heparin to Collagen within Extracellular Matrix Significantly Reduces Thrombogenicity and Improves Endothelialization of Decellularized Tissues. 27936727 3 37 theme whole 776:780 arg1 clotting 788:795 whole blood clotting 776:795 whole blood clotting (>80%) 776:802 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 3 37 theme whole 776:780 arg1 % 801:801 >80% 798:801 >80% 798:801 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 4 38 theme conduits 952:959 arg1 lumen 922:926 the lumen 918:926 the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits 918:959 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 1 39 dep bioartificial 230:242 arg1 engineered 245:254 engineered 245:254 engineered 245:254 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 40 theme conduits 265:272 arg1 development 215:225 the development 211:225 the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) 211:330 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 3 41 with Modification 569:580 arg1 CBP-heparin 594:604 CBP-heparin 594:604 CBP-heparin 594:604 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 5 42 theme functional 1185:1194 arg1 heparin 1196:1202 functional heparin 1185:1202 functional heparin 1185:1202 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 4 43 theme vascular 943:950 arg1 conduits 952:959 ECM-derived vascular conduits 931:959 ECM-derived vascular conduits 931:959 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 3 44 theme functional 639:648 arg1 % 769:769 >70% 766:769 >70% 766:769 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 3 44 theme functional 639:648 arg1 heparin 650:656 functional heparin 639:656 functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) 639:713 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 5 45 theme heparin 1196:1202 arg1 deposition 1171:1180 deposition 1171:1180 deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts 1171:1246 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 3 46 theme increased 615:623 arg1 deposition 625:634 increased deposition 615:634 increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM 615:815 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 2 47 theme vascular 401:408 arg1 ECM 410:412 vascular ECM 401:412 vascular ECM 401:412 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 2 48 theme heparin 490:496 arg1 derivative 498:507 a heparin derivative 488:507 a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens 488:566 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 2 48 theme heparin 490:496 arg1 CBP-heparin 510:520 CBP-heparin 510:520 CBP-heparin 510:520 Here we describe an easy-to-implement strategy to chemically modify vascular ECM by covalently linking a collagen binding peptide (CBP) to heparin to form a heparin derivative (CBP-heparin) that selectively binds a subset of collagens. 27936727 4 49 theme CBP-heparin 843:853 arg1 addition 831:838 addition 831:838 addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM 831:864 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 1 50 attach derived 292:298 arg1 matrix 319:324 extracellular matrix 305:324 extracellular matrix (ECM) 305:330 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 50 attach derived 292:298 arg2 conduits 265:272 bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits 230:272 bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits 230:272 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 50 attach derived 292:298 arg2 those 286:290 those 286:290 those 286:290 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 1 50 attach derived 292:298 arg1 ECM 327:329 ECM 327:329 ECM 327:329 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 5 51 theme bioartificial 1371:1383 arg1 vessels 1385:1391 bioartificial vessels 1371:1391 bioartificial vessels 1371:1391 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 3 52 theme corresponding 721:733 arg1 reduction 735:743 a corresponding reduction 719:743 a corresponding reduction in platelet binding 719:763 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 5 53 theme grafts 1241:1246 arg1 surface 1211:1217 the surface 1207:1217 the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts 1207:1246 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 1 54 theme small-diameter 173:186 arg1 grafts 197:202 small-diameter vascular grafts 173:202 small-diameter vascular grafts 173:202 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 5 55 theme tissue 1349:1354 arg1 engineering 1356:1366 tissue engineering 1349:1366 tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs 1349:1415 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 4 56 theme heparin-binding 997:1011 arg1 factors 1020:1026 heparin-binding growth factors 997:1026 heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro 997:1096 Furthermore, addition of CBP-heparin to the ECM stabilizes long-term endothelial cell attachment to the lumen of ECM-derived vascular conduits, potentially through recruitment of heparin-binding growth factors that ultimately improve the durability of endothelialization in vitro. 27936727 3 57 theme heparin 650:656 arg1 deposition 625:634 increased deposition 615:634 increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM 615:815 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 1 58 theme vascular 188:195 arg1 grafts 197:202 small-diameter vascular grafts 173:202 small-diameter vascular grafts 173:202 Thrombosis within small-diameter vascular grafts limits the development of bioartificial, engineered vascular conduits, especially those derived from extracellular matrix (ECM). 27936727 5 59 theme decellularized 1288:1301 arg1 tissue 1303:1308 decellularized tissue 1288:1308 decellularized tissue 1288:1308 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 5 60 theme organs 1410:1415 arg1 engineering 1356:1366 tissue engineering 1349:1366 tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs 1349:1415 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 27936727 3 61 theme platelet 748:755 arg1 binding 757:763 platelet binding 748:763 platelet binding 748:763 Modification of ECM with CBP-heparin leads to increased deposition of functional heparin (by ∼7.2-fold measured by glycosaminoglycan composition) and a corresponding reduction in platelet binding (>70%) and whole blood clotting (>80%) onto the ECM. 27936727 5 62 theme tissue 1303:1308 arg1 thrombogenicity 1269:1283 thrombogenicity 1269:1283 thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue 1269:1308 Overall, our findings provide a simple yet effective method to increase deposition of functional heparin on the surface of ECM-based vascular grafts and thereby minimize thrombogenicity of decellularized tissue, overcoming a significant challenge in tissue engineering of bioartificial vessels and vascularized organs. 28575938 8 0 theme MG-63 1232:1236 arg1 lines 1243:1247 MG-63 cell lines 1232:1247 MG-63 cell lines 1232:1247 This matrix revealed excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. 28575938 5 1 theme alginate 708:715 arg1 matrix 717:722 alginate matrix 708:722 alginate matrix 708:722 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 6 2 contain had 903:905 arg2 control 916:922 a better control 907:922 a better control 907:922 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 6 2 contain had 903:905 arg1 matrix 889:894 a superior matrix 878:894 a superior matrix 878:894 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 5 3 theme matrix 717:722 arg1 behavior 696:703 the swelling behavior 683:703 the swelling behavior of alginate matrix 683:722 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 6 4 theme better 909:914 arg1 control 916:922 a better control 907:922 a better control 907:922 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 3 5 dep control 290:296 arg1 antibiotic 353:362 antibiotic 353:362 antibiotic 353:362 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 5 6 theme individual 618:627 arg1 approaches 639:648 The individual tailoring approaches 614:648 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix 614:722 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 5 7 theme significant 658:668 arg1 influence 670:678 significant influence 658:678 significant influence 658:678 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 7 8 dep 240h 999:1002 arg1 5h 993:994 5h 993:994 5h 993:994 Drug release prolonged from 5h to 240h for composite matrix as compared with alginate matrix showing that alginate combined with gelatin and hydroxyapatite sustained the release for longer periods. 28575938 6 9 theme combined 846:853 arg1 approaches 855:864 the combined approaches 842:864 the combined approaches 842:864 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 8 10 theme cell 1238:1241 arg1 lines 1243:1247 MG-63 cell lines 1232:1247 MG-63 cell lines 1232:1247 This matrix revealed excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. 28575938 6 11 theme ciprofloxacin 950:962 arg1 release 939:945 the burst release 929:945 the burst release of ciprofloxacin 929:962 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 3 12 theme ciprofloxacin 338:350 arg1 release 327:333 release 327:333 release 327:333 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 3 12 theme ciprofloxacin 338:350 arg1 entrapment 312:321 entrapment 312:321 entrapment 312:321 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 3 12 theme ciprofloxacin 338:350 arg1 swelling 302:309 its swelling 298:309 its swelling 298:309 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 7 13 theme composite 1008:1016 arg1 matrix 1018:1023 composite matrix 1008:1023 composite matrix 1008:1023 Drug release prolonged from 5h to 240h for composite matrix as compared with alginate matrix showing that alginate combined with gelatin and hydroxyapatite sustained the release for longer periods. 28575938 0 14 theme infection 40:48 arg1 prophylaxis 50:60 local infection prophylaxis 34:60 local infection prophylaxis 34:60 Tailor made alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications. 28575938 2 15 theme Local 159:163 arg1 strategy 221:228 a promising strategy 209:228 a promising strategy to solve this issue 209:248 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. 28575938 2 15 theme Local 159:163 arg1 delivery 165:172 Local delivery 159:172 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants 159:204 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. 28575938 0 16 theme local 34:38 arg1 prophylaxis 50:60 local infection prophylaxis 34:60 local infection prophylaxis 34:60 Tailor made alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications. 28575938 8 17 theme antibacterial 1265:1277 arg1 activity 1279:1286 good antibacterial activity 1260:1286 good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli 1260:1316 This matrix revealed excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. 28575938 6 18 theme burst 933:937 arg1 release 939:945 the burst release 929:945 the burst release of ciprofloxacin 929:962 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 7 19 theme longer 1147:1152 arg1 periods 1154:1160 longer periods 1147:1160 longer periods 1147:1160 Drug release prolonged from 5h to 240h for composite matrix as compared with alginate matrix showing that alginate combined with gelatin and hydroxyapatite sustained the release for longer periods. 28575938 1 20 from orthopedics 146:156 arg1 crucial 135:141 crucial 135:141 crucial 135:141 Preventing implants associated infections is crucial in orthopedics. 28575938 1 21 theme Preventing 90:99 arg1 implants 101:108 Preventing implants 90:108 Preventing implants 90:108 Preventing implants associated infections is crucial in orthopedics. 28575938 3 22 theme composite 427:435 arg1 matrices 437:444 composite matrices 427:444 composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite 427:477 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 8 23 theme good 1260:1263 arg1 activity 1279:1286 good antibacterial activity 1260:1286 good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli 1260:1316 This matrix revealed excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. 28575938 4 24 theme electron 593:600 arg1 microscopy 602:611 scanning electron microscopy 584:611 scanning electron microscopy 584:611 Developed matrices were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 28575938 5 25 theme tailoring 629:637 arg1 approaches 639:648 The individual tailoring approaches 614:648 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix 614:722 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 3 26 theme matrices 437:444 arg1 formation 377:385 the formation 373:385 the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite 373:477 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 4 27 theme scanning 584:591 arg1 microscopy 602:611 scanning electron microscopy 584:611 scanning electron microscopy 584:611 Developed matrices were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 28575938 1 28 from crucial 135:141 arg1 orthopedics 146:156 orthopedics 146:156 orthopedics 146:156 Preventing implants associated infections is crucial in orthopedics. 28575938 6 29 theme superior 880:887 arg1 matrix 889:894 a superior matrix 878:894 a superior matrix 878:894 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 0 30 theme alginate 12:19 arg1 hydrogel 21:28 alginate hydrogel 12:28 alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications 12:87 Tailor made alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications. 28575938 3 31 theme network 415:421 arg1 formation 377:385 the formation 373:385 the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite 373:477 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 5 32 theme release 783:789 arg1 period 791:796 the release period 779:796 the release period 779:796 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 4 33 theme x-ray 562:566 arg1 diffraction 568:578 x-ray diffraction 562:578 x-ray diffraction 562:578 Developed matrices were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 28575938 4 34 theme Developed 480:488 arg1 matrices 490:497 Developed matrices 480:497 Developed matrices 480:497 Developed matrices were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 28575938 3 35 theme interpenetrating 390:405 arg1 network 415:421 interpenetrating polymer network 390:421 interpenetrating polymer network 390:421 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 2 36 theme antibiotics 177:187 arg1 strategy 221:228 a promising strategy 209:228 a promising strategy to solve this issue 209:248 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. 28575938 2 36 theme antibiotics 177:187 arg1 delivery 165:172 Local delivery 159:172 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants 159:204 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. 28575938 3 37 theme polymer 407:413 arg1 network 415:421 interpenetrating polymer network 390:421 interpenetrating polymer network 390:421 In this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. 28575938 4 38 dep transform 529:537 arg1 infrared 539:546 infrared 539:546 transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy 529:611 Developed matrices were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 28575938 5 39 theme drug 750:753 arg1 entrapment 755:764 the drug entrapment 746:764 the drug entrapment 746:764 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 5 40 theme swelling 687:694 arg1 behavior 696:703 the swelling behavior 683:703 the swelling behavior of alginate matrix 683:722 The individual tailoring approaches exerted significant influence on the swelling behavior of alginate matrix consequently enhanced the drug entrapment and extended the release period. 28575938 4 41 dep Fourier 521:527 arg1 transform 529:537 transform 529:537 transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy 529:611 Developed matrices were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 28575938 6 42 theme alginate 812:819 arg1 matrix 821:826 the alginate matrix 808:826 the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches 808:864 However, the alginate matrix tailored with the combined approaches resulted in a superior matrix, which had a better control over the burst release of ciprofloxacin. 28575938 8 43 theme excellent 1184:1192 arg1 biocompatibility 1194:1209 excellent biocompatibility 1184:1209 excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines 1184:1247 This matrix revealed excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. 28575938 2 44 theme promising 211:219 arg1 delivery 165:172 Local delivery 159:172 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants 159:204 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. 28575938 2 44 theme promising 211:219 arg1 strategy 221:228 a promising strategy 209:228 a promising strategy to solve this issue 209:248 Local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. 28575938 7 45 theme alginate 1042:1049 arg1 matrix 1051:1056 alginate matrix 1042:1056 alginate matrix showing that alginate combined with gelatin and hydroxyapatite sustained the release for longer periods 1042:1160 Drug release prolonged from 5h to 240h for composite matrix as compared with alginate matrix showing that alginate combined with gelatin and hydroxyapatite sustained the release for longer periods. 28575938 0 46 theme orthopedic 65:74 arg1 applications 76:87 orthopedic applications 65:87 orthopedic applications 65:87 Tailor made alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications. 28575938 1 47 dep associated 110:119 arg1 crucial 135:141 crucial 135:141 crucial 135:141 Preventing implants associated infections is crucial in orthopedics. 28575938 7 48 theme Drug 965:968 arg1 release 970:976 Drug release 965:976 Drug release 965:976 Drug release prolonged from 5h to 240h for composite matrix as compared with alginate matrix showing that alginate combined with gelatin and hydroxyapatite sustained the release for longer periods. 28575938 0 49 from hydrogel 21:28 arg1 applications 76:87 orthopedic applications 65:87 orthopedic applications 65:87 Tailor made alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications. 28575938 8 50 with biocompatibility 1194:1209 arg1 osteoblast 1216:1225 osteoblast 1216:1225 osteoblast 1216:1225 This matrix revealed excellent biocompatibility with osteoblast like MG-63 cell lines and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. 26428131 0 0 theme thermoplastic 81:93 arg1 films 107:111 thermoplastic corn starch films 81:111 thermoplastic corn starch films 81:111 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 1 1 dep melt-mixing 276:286 arg1 molding 304:310 molding 304:310 molding 304:310 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 8 2 theme vapor 1021:1025 arg1 permeability 1027:1038 significantly lower water vapor permeability 995:1038 significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP) 995:1044 Films reinforced with PASR showed significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP). 26428131 8 2 theme vapor 1021:1025 arg1 WVP 1041:1043 WVP 1041:1043 WVP 1041:1043 Films reinforced with PASR showed significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP). 26428131 2 3 theme remaining 343:351 arg1 walls 358:362 remaining cell walls 343:362 remaining cell walls 343:362 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 4 4 theme Thermo-Gravimetric 580:597 arg1 Analysis 599:606 Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis 580:606 Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis 580:606 Biocomposites thermo-stability was determined by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. 26428131 8 5 theme water 1015:1019 arg1 permeability 1027:1038 significantly lower water vapor permeability 995:1038 significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP) 995:1044 Films reinforced with PASR showed significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP). 26428131 8 5 theme water 1015:1019 arg1 WVP 1041:1043 WVP 1041:1043 WVP 1041:1043 Films reinforced with PASR showed significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP). 26428131 7 6 theme fibers 940:945 arg1 agglomerates 947:958 fibers agglomerates 940:958 fibers agglomerates 940:958 Besides, the presence of PASR increased starch films roughness, due to fibers agglomerates. 26428131 0 7 theme starch 100:105 arg1 films 107:111 thermoplastic corn starch films 81:111 thermoplastic corn starch films 81:111 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 9 8 theme starch 1172:1177 arg1 matrixes 1179:1186 more resistant starch matrixes 1157:1186 more resistant starch matrixes 1157:1186 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 5 9 theme continuous 611:620 arg1 result 667:672 a result 665:672 a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix 665:731 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 5 9 theme continuous 611:620 arg1 interface 631:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface 609:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface 609:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 0 10 theme corn 95:98 arg1 films 107:111 thermoplastic corn starch films 81:111 thermoplastic corn starch films 81:111 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 5 11 theme PASR-TPS 622:629 arg1 result 667:672 a result 665:672 a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix 665:731 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 5 11 theme PASR-TPS 622:629 arg1 interface 631:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface 609:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface 609:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 3 12 theme residue 460:466 arg1 composition 441:451 Chemical composition 432:451 Chemical composition of the residue 432:466 Chemical composition of the residue indicated that fiber and starch were the principal components. 26428131 2 13 theme Scanning 396:403 arg1 SEM 426:428 SEM 426:428 SEM 426:428 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 2 13 theme Scanning 396:403 arg1 Microscopy 414:423 Scanning Electron Microscopy 396:423 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 396:429 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 0 14 theme films 107:111 arg1 filler 71:76 filler 71:76 filler of thermoplastic corn starch films 71:111 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 6 15 theme superficial 782:792 arg1 cracks 794:799 fewer superficial cracks 776:799 fewer superficial cracks 776:799 Likewise, films containing PASR presented fewer superficial cracks than TPS ones, whereas their fracture surfaces were more irregular. 26428131 3 16 theme principal 509:517 arg1 components 519:528 the principal components 505:528 the principal components 505:528 Chemical composition of the residue indicated that fiber and starch were the principal components. 26428131 3 16 theme principal 509:517 arg1 starch 493:498 starch 493:498 starch 493:498 Chemical composition of the residue indicated that fiber and starch were the principal components. 26428131 3 16 theme principal 509:517 arg1 fiber 483:487 fiber 483:487 fiber 483:487 Chemical composition of the residue indicated that fiber and starch were the principal components. 26428131 9 17 theme PARS 1060:1063 arg1 filler 1065:1070 PARS filler 1060:1070 PARS filler 1060:1070 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 0 18 from extraction 36:45 arg1 residue 16:22 Agro-industrial residue 0:22 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus 0:60 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 8 19 theme lower 1009:1013 arg1 permeability 1027:1038 significantly lower water vapor permeability 995:1038 significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP) 995:1044 Films reinforced with PASR showed significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP). 26428131 8 19 theme lower 1009:1013 arg1 WVP 1041:1043 WVP 1041:1043 WVP 1041:1043 Films reinforced with PASR showed significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP). 26428131 6 20 theme fewer 776:780 arg1 cracks 794:799 fewer superficial cracks 776:799 fewer superficial cracks 776:799 Likewise, films containing PASR presented fewer superficial cracks than TPS ones, whereas their fracture surfaces were more irregular. 26428131 2 21 theme natural 368:374 arg1 fibers 376:381 natural fibers 368:381 natural fibers 368:381 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 0 22 theme Agro-industrial 0:14 arg1 residue 16:22 Agro-industrial residue 0:22 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus 0:60 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 7 23 theme starch 909:914 arg1 roughness 922:930 starch films roughness 909:930 starch films roughness 909:930 Besides, the presence of PASR increased starch films roughness, due to fibers agglomerates. 26428131 1 24 theme 0.5 186:188 arg1 % 189:189 % 189:189 % 189:189 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 0 25 theme starch 29:34 arg1 extraction 36:45 starch extraction 29:45 starch extraction of Pachyrhizus 29:60 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 4 26 theme Biocomposites 531:543 arg1 thermo-stability 545:560 Biocomposites thermo-stability 531:560 Biocomposites thermo-stability 531:560 Biocomposites thermo-stability was determined by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. 26428131 7 27 theme films 916:920 arg1 roughness 922:930 starch films roughness 909:930 starch films roughness 909:930 Besides, the presence of PASR increased starch films roughness, due to fibers agglomerates. 26428131 9 28 theme maximum 1082:1088 arg1 strength 1098:1105 maximum tensile strength 1082:1105 maximum tensile strength 1082:1105 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 2 29 theme Electron 405:412 arg1 SEM 426:428 SEM 426:428 SEM 426:428 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 2 29 theme Electron 405:412 arg1 Microscopy 414:423 Scanning Electron Microscopy 396:423 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 396:429 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 6 30 contain containing 750:759 arg2 PASR 761:764 PASR 761:764 PASR 761:764 Likewise, films containing PASR presented fewer superficial cracks than TPS ones, whereas their fracture surfaces were more irregular. 26428131 6 30 contain containing 750:759 arg1 films 744:748 films 744:748 films containing PASR 744:764 Likewise, films containing PASR presented fewer superficial cracks than TPS ones, whereas their fracture surfaces were more irregular. 26428131 9 31 theme tensile 1090:1096 arg1 strength 1098:1105 maximum tensile strength 1082:1105 maximum tensile strength 1082:1105 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 1 32 theme w/w 191:193 arg1 residue 203:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 5 33 theme fibrous 700:706 arg1 residue 708:714 the fibrous residue 696:714 the fibrous residue 696:714 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 1 34 contain containing 175:184 arg2 residue 203:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 34 contain containing 175:184 arg1 TPS 170:172 TPS 170:172 TPS 170:172 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 34 contain containing 175:184 arg1 starch 162:167 thermoplastic corn starch 143:167 thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 143:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 35 theme fibrous 195:201 arg1 residue 203:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 5 36 theme residue 708:714 arg1 adhesion 684:691 a good adhesion 677:691 a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix 677:731 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 5 37 theme starch 719:724 arg1 matrix 726:731 starch matrix 719:731 starch matrix 719:731 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 3 38 theme Chemical 432:439 arg1 composition 441:451 Chemical composition 432:451 Chemical composition of the residue 432:466 Chemical composition of the residue indicated that fiber and starch were the principal components. 26428131 9 39 theme Young 1111:1115 arg1 modulus 1119:1125 Young's modulus 1111:1125 Young's modulus of TPS films 1111:1138 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 1 40 theme Biocomposites 114:126 arg1 films 128:132 Biocomposites films 114:132 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 114:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 0 41 theme Pachyrhizus 50:60 arg1 extraction 36:45 starch extraction 29:45 starch extraction of Pachyrhizus 29:60 Agro-industrial residue from starch extraction of Pachyrhizus ahipa as filler of thermoplastic corn starch films. 26428131 6 42 theme fracture 830:837 arg1 surfaces 839:846 their fracture surfaces 824:846 their fracture surfaces 824:846 Likewise, films containing PASR presented fewer superficial cracks than TPS ones, whereas their fracture surfaces were more irregular. 26428131 7 43 theme PASR 894:897 arg1 presence 882:889 the presence 878:889 the presence of PASR 878:897 Besides, the presence of PASR increased starch films roughness, due to fibers agglomerates. 26428131 5 44 theme good 679:682 arg1 adhesion 684:691 a good adhesion 677:691 a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix 677:731 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 9 45 theme resistant 1162:1170 arg1 matrixes 1179:1186 more resistant starch matrixes 1157:1186 more resistant starch matrixes 1157:1186 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 6 46 theme TPS 806:808 arg1 ones 810:813 TPS ones 806:813 TPS ones 806:813 Likewise, films containing PASR presented fewer superficial cracks than TPS ones, whereas their fracture surfaces were more irregular. 26428131 5 47 theme adhesion 684:691 arg1 interface 631:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface 609:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface 609:639 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 5 47 theme adhesion 684:691 arg1 result 667:672 a result 665:672 a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix 665:731 A continuous PASR-TPS interface was observed by SEM, as a result of a good adhesion of the fibrous residue to starch matrix. 26428131 9 48 theme TPS 1130:1132 arg1 films 1134:1138 TPS films 1130:1138 TPS films 1130:1138 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 1 49 theme corn 157:160 arg1 TPS 170:172 TPS 170:172 TPS 170:172 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 49 theme corn 157:160 arg1 starch 162:167 thermoplastic corn starch 143:167 thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 143:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 50 theme Pachyrhizus 216:226 arg1 PASR 253:256 PASR 253:256 PASR 253:256 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 50 theme Pachyrhizus 216:226 arg1 extraction 241:250 Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction 216:250 Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 216:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 51 theme % 189:189 arg1 residue 203:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 0.5% w/w fibrous residue 186:209 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 52 theme thermoplastic 143:155 arg1 TPS 170:172 TPS 170:172 TPS 170:172 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 52 theme thermoplastic 143:155 arg1 starch 162:167 thermoplastic corn starch 143:167 thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 143:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 53 theme ahipa 228:232 arg1 PASR 253:256 PASR 253:256 PASR 253:256 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 53 theme ahipa 228:232 arg1 extraction 241:250 Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction 216:250 Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 216:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 9 54 theme films 1134:1138 arg1 modulus 1119:1125 Young's modulus 1111:1125 Young's modulus of TPS films 1111:1138 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 9 54 theme films 1134:1138 arg1 strength 1098:1105 maximum tensile strength 1082:1105 maximum tensile strength 1082:1105 In addition, PARS filler increased maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS films, thus leading to more resistant starch matrixes. 26428131 2 55 theme cell 353:356 arg1 walls 358:362 remaining cell walls 343:362 remaining cell walls 343:362 PASR is mainly constituted by remaining cell walls and natural fibers, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 26428131 1 56 theme starch 234:239 arg1 PASR 253:256 PASR 253:256 PASR 253:256 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 26428131 1 56 theme starch 234:239 arg1 extraction 241:250 Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction 216:250 Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) 216:257 Biocomposites films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) containing 0.5% w/w fibrous residue from Pachyrhizus ahipa starch extraction (PASR) were obtained by melt-mixing and compression molding. 27606816 0 0 theme muco-adhesive 82:94 arg1 patches 103:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 2 1 theme chitosan 355:362 arg1 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 2 1 theme chitosan 355:362 arg1 cysteine 364:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine 337:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) 337:382 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 1 2 theme NPs 256:258 arg1 delivery 261:268 insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 233:268 insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 233:268 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 0 3 theme bilayer 74:80 arg1 patches 103:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 6 4 theme anomalous 961:969 arg1 transport 971:979 an anomalous transport 958:979 an anomalous transport 958:979 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 7 5 theme ideal 1183:1187 arg1 characteristics 1189:1203 the ideal characteristics 1179:1203 the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs 1179:1256 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 2 6 theme ethyl 349:353 arg1 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 2 6 theme ethyl 349:353 arg1 cysteine 364:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine 337:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) 337:382 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 6 7 theme polymer 1052:1058 arg1 erosion 1060:1066 polymer erosion 1052:1066 polymer erosion 1052:1066 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 0 8 theme patches 103:109 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 0 8 theme patches 103:109 arg1 evaluation 22:31 in vitro evaluation 13:31 in vitro evaluation 13:31 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 0 8 theme patches 103:109 arg1 analysis 45:52 kinetic analysis 37:52 kinetic analysis 37:52 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 4 9 with 3 mg 606:609 arg1 distribution 652:663 a homogeneous distribution 638:663 a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties 638:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 6 10 theme Peppas 857:862 arg1 equation 864:871 Peppas equation 857:871 Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient 857:902 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 3 11 theme muco-adhesive 545:557 arg1 gelatine 533:540 gelatine 533:540 gelatine 533:540 Buccal patches were developed by solvent-casting technique using chitosan and gelatine as muco-adhesive polymers. 27606816 3 11 theme muco-adhesive 545:557 arg1 polymers 559:566 muco-adhesive polymers 545:566 muco-adhesive polymers 545:566 Buccal patches were developed by solvent-casting technique using chitosan and gelatine as muco-adhesive polymers. 27606816 3 11 theme muco-adhesive 545:557 arg1 chitosan 520:527 chitosan 520:527 chitosan 520:527 Buccal patches were developed by solvent-casting technique using chitosan and gelatine as muco-adhesive polymers. 27606816 0 12 theme buccal 96:101 arg1 patches 103:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 4 13 theme adequate 717:724 arg1 properties 745:754 adequate physico-mechanical properties 717:754 adequate physico-mechanical properties 717:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 0 14 theme insulin 114:120 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 0 14 theme insulin 114:120 arg1 evaluation 22:31 in vitro evaluation 13:31 in vitro evaluation 13:31 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 0 14 theme insulin 114:120 arg1 analysis 45:52 kinetic analysis 37:52 kinetic analysis 37:52 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 6 15 theme release 941:947 arg1 mechanism 923:931 the mechanism 919:931 the mechanism of drug release 919:947 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 4 16 theme homogeneous 640:650 arg1 distribution 652:663 a homogeneous distribution 638:663 a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties 638:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 7 17 dep In 1069:1070 arg1 vitro 1072:1076 vitro 1072:1076 vitro 1072:1076 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 2 18 theme permeation 387:396 arg1 biopolymer 407:416 permeation enhancer biopolymer 387:416 permeation enhancer biopolymer 387:416 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 7 19 theme insulin 1246:1252 arg1 NPs 1254:1256 insulin NPs 1246:1256 insulin NPs 1246:1256 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 6 20 theme drug 936:939 arg1 release 941:947 drug release 936:947 drug release 936:947 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 7 21 theme patch 1150:1154 arg1 formulations 1156:1167 all patch formulations 1146:1167 all patch formulations 1146:1167 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 2 22 theme Insulin 271:277 arg1 NPs 279:281 Insulin NPs 271:281 Insulin NPs 271:281 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 5 23 theme release 791:797 arg1 mechanism 799:807 release mechanism 791:807 release mechanism 791:807 The drug release characteristics, release mechanism and kinetics were investigated. 27606816 2 24 theme gelation 312:319 arg1 technique 321:329 an ionic gelation technique 303:329 an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin 303:452 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 4 25 theme Optimised 569:577 arg1 patches 579:585 Optimised patches 569:585 Optimised patches 569:585 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 2 26 theme ionic 306:310 arg1 technique 321:329 an ionic gelation technique 303:329 an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin 303:452 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 4 27 theme muco-adhesive 679:691 arg1 matrix 693:698 the muco-adhesive matrix 675:698 the muco-adhesive matrix 675:698 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 4 28 theme insulin-loaded 614:627 arg1 NPs 629:631 insulin-loaded NPs 614:631 insulin-loaded NPs 614:631 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 6 29 theme drug 1026:1029 arg1 diffusion 1031:1039 drug diffusion 1026:1039 drug diffusion 1026:1039 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 3 30 theme Buccal 455:460 arg1 patches 462:468 Buccal patches 455:468 Buccal patches 455:468 Buccal patches were developed by solvent-casting technique using chitosan and gelatine as muco-adhesive polymers. 27606816 0 31 theme in 13:14 arg1 evaluation 22:31 in vitro evaluation 13:31 in vitro evaluation 13:31 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 7 32 theme mechanical 1123:1132 arg1 studies 1134:1140 physical and mechanical studies 1110:1140 physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations 1110:1167 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 32 theme mechanical 1123:1132 arg1 release 1083:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 4 33 from distribution 652:663 arg1 matrix 693:698 the muco-adhesive matrix 675:698 the muco-adhesive matrix 675:698 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 1 34 theme muco-adhesive 202:214 arg1 patch 223:227 a muco-adhesive buccal patch 200:227 a muco-adhesive buccal patch 200:227 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 7 35 theme NPs 1254:1256 arg1 delivery 1234:1241 the delivery 1230:1241 the delivery of insulin NPs 1230:1256 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 3 36 theme solvent-casting 488:502 arg1 technique 504:512 solvent-casting technique 488:512 solvent-casting technique using chitosan and gelatine as muco-adhesive polymers 488:566 Buccal patches were developed by solvent-casting technique using chitosan and gelatine as muco-adhesive polymers. 27606816 4 37 theme NPs 668:670 arg1 distribution 652:663 a homogeneous distribution 638:663 a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties 638:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 1 38 theme buccal 216:221 arg1 patch 223:227 a muco-adhesive buccal patch 200:227 a muco-adhesive buccal patch 200:227 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 7 39 theme buccal 1213:1218 arg1 patch 1220:1224 this buccal patch 1208:1224 this buccal patch 1208:1224 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 40 theme physical 1110:1117 arg1 studies 1134:1140 physical and mechanical studies 1110:1140 physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations 1110:1167 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 40 theme physical 1110:1117 arg1 release 1083:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 5 41 theme release 766:772 arg1 characteristics 774:788 The drug release characteristics 757:788 The drug release characteristics 757:788 The drug release characteristics, release mechanism and kinetics were investigated. 27606816 6 42 with equation 864:871 arg1 coefficient 892:902 a correlation coefficient 878:902 a correlation coefficient 878:902 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 1 43 theme patch 223:227 arg1 formulation 185:195 the formulation 181:195 the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 181:268 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 5 44 theme drug 761:764 arg1 characteristics 774:788 The drug release characteristics 757:788 The drug release characteristics 757:788 The drug release characteristics, release mechanism and kinetics were investigated. 27606816 7 45 theme release 1092:1098 arg1 release 1083:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 45 theme release 1092:1098 arg1 kinetics 1100:1107 release kinetics 1092:1107 release kinetics 1092:1107 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 46 theme drug 1078:1081 arg1 release 1083:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 46 theme drug 1078:1081 arg1 kinetics 1100:1107 release kinetics 1092:1107 release kinetics 1092:1107 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 46 theme drug 1078:1081 arg1 studies 1134:1140 physical and mechanical studies 1110:1140 physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations 1110:1167 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 2 47 theme methyl 342:347 arg1 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 2 47 theme methyl 342:347 arg1 cysteine 364:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine 337:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) 337:382 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 0 48 theme kinetic 37:43 arg1 analysis 45:52 kinetic analysis 37:52 kinetic analysis 37:52 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 6 49 theme drug 992:995 arg1 release 997:1003 means drug release 986:1003 means drug release 986:1003 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 2 50 theme N-di 337:340 arg1 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 DMEC-Cys 374:381 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 2 50 theme N-di 337:340 arg1 cysteine 364:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine 337:371 N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) 337:382 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 6 51 theme means 986:990 arg1 release 997:1003 means drug release 986:1003 means drug release 986:1003 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 6 52 theme correlation 880:890 arg1 coefficient 892:902 a correlation coefficient 878:902 a correlation coefficient 878:902 Data fitting to Peppas equation with a correlation coefficient indicated that the mechanism of drug release followed an anomalous transport that means drug release was afforded through drug diffusion along with polymer erosion. 27606816 7 53 theme In 1069:1070 arg1 release 1083:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release 1069:1089 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 53 theme In 1069:1070 arg1 kinetics 1100:1107 release kinetics 1092:1107 release kinetics 1092:1107 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 7 53 theme In 1069:1070 arg1 studies 1134:1140 physical and mechanical studies 1110:1140 physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations 1110:1167 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 4 54 theme NPs 629:631 arg1 3 mg 606:609 3 mg 606:609 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties 606:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 0 55 dep in 13:14 arg1 vitro 16:20 vitro 16:20 vitro 16:20 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 1 56 theme present 141:147 arg1 study 149:153 The present study 137:153 The present study 137:153 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 7 57 theme patch 1220:1224 arg1 characteristics 1189:1203 the ideal characteristics 1179:1203 the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs 1179:1256 In vitro drug release, release kinetics, physical and mechanical studies for all patch formulations reflected the ideal characteristics of this buccal patch for the delivery of insulin NPs. 27606816 1 58 theme insulin 233:239 arg1 delivery 261:268 insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 233:268 insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 233:268 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 0 59 theme chitosan-gelatin 57:72 arg1 patches 103:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches 57:109 Formulation, in vitro evaluation and kinetic analysis of chitosan-gelatin bilayer muco-adhesive buccal patches of insulin nanoparticles. 27606816 2 60 theme enhancer 398:405 arg1 biopolymer 407:416 permeation enhancer biopolymer 387:416 permeation enhancer biopolymer 387:416 Insulin NPs were synthesised by an ionic gelation technique using N-di methyl ethyl chitosan cysteine (DMEC-Cys) as permeation enhancer biopolymer, tripolyphosphate (TPP) and insulin. 27606816 1 61 theme nanoparticles 241:253 arg1 delivery 261:268 insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 233:268 insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery 233:268 The present study was performed to optimise the formulation of a muco-adhesive buccal patch for insulin nanoparticles (NPs) delivery. 27606816 4 62 with embedded 592:599 arg1 3 mg 606:609 3 mg 606:609 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties 606:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 27606816 4 63 theme physico-mechanical 726:743 arg1 properties 745:754 adequate physico-mechanical properties 717:754 adequate physico-mechanical properties 717:754 Optimised patches were embedded with 3 mg of insulin-loaded NPs with a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the muco-adhesive matrix, which displayed adequate physico-mechanical properties. 28407078 5 0 theme bacteria 668:675 arg1 abundance 636:644 relative abundance 627:644 relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria 627:675 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 5 1 theme dietary 535:541 arg1 inulin 543:548 dietary inulin 535:548 dietary inulin 535:548 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 9 2 theme Akkermansia 1084:1094 arg1 muciniphila 1096:1106 Akkermansia muciniphila 1084:1106 Akkermansia muciniphila 1084:1106 We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila played an important role on maintaining balance between mucin and short chain fatty acids. 28407078 4 3 used used 441:444 arg2 analysis 428:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 1 4 theme dietary 156:162 arg1 inulin 164:169 dietary inulin 156:169 dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) 156:215 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 9 5 theme mucin 1164:1168 arg1 acids 1192:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila played an important role on maintaining balance between mucin and short chain fatty acids. 28407078 4 6 theme MiSeq 505:509 arg1 platform 511:518 the Illumina MiSeq platform 492:518 the Illumina MiSeq platform 492:518 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 5 7 theme bifidogenic 606:616 arg1 effects 618:624 bifidogenic effects 606:624 bifidogenic effects 606:624 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 0 8 from composition 58:68 arg1 mice 98:101 mice 98:101 mice 98:101 Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. 28407078 9 9 theme short 1174:1178 arg1 acids 1192:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila played an important role on maintaining balance between mucin and short chain fatty acids. 28407078 3 10 theme Fecal 352:356 arg1 samples 358:364 Fecal samples 352:364 Fecal samples 352:364 Fecal samples were obtained at time point 0 and 6th week. 28407078 4 11 theme intestinal 457:466 arg1 microbiota 468:477 intestinal microbiota 457:477 intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform 457:518 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 5 12 theme relative 627:634 arg1 abundance 636:644 relative abundance 627:644 relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria 627:675 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 1 13 from influences 142:151 arg1 communities 241:251 intestinal microbial communities 220:251 intestinal microbial communities 220:251 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 6 14 theme mucin-degrading 746:760 arg1 species 762:768 mucin-degrading species 746:768 mucin-degrading species 746:768 Akkermansia muciniphila, belonging to mucin-degrading species, became a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum after treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin. 28407078 1 15 theme inulin 164:169 arg1 influences 142:151 the global influences 131:151 the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities 131:251 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 6 16 with treatment 829:837 arg1 inulin 872:877 inulin 872:877 inulin 872:877 Akkermansia muciniphila, belonging to mucin-degrading species, became a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum after treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin. 28407078 6 16 with treatment 829:837 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharides 844:866 fructo-oligosaccharides 844:866 fructo-oligosaccharides 844:866 Akkermansia muciniphila, belonging to mucin-degrading species, became a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum after treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin. 28407078 2 17 theme C57BL/6J 272:279 arg1 mice 281:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 254:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 254:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin for 6 weeks. 28407078 8 18 theme DP 966:967 arg1 interventions 969:981 Lower DP interventions 960:981 Lower DP interventions 960:981 Lower DP interventions exhibited better effects than higher DP treatment on stimulation of probiotics. 28407078 0 19 theme microbiota 84:93 arg1 composition 58:68 composition 58:68 composition of intestinal microbiota in mice 58:101 Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. 28407078 8 20 theme Lower 960:964 arg1 interventions 969:981 Lower DP interventions 960:981 Lower DP interventions 960:981 Lower DP interventions exhibited better effects than higher DP treatment on stimulation of probiotics. 28407078 1 21 theme different 176:184 arg1 degrees 186:192 different degrees 176:192 different degrees of polymerization (DP) 176:215 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 5 22 theme butyrate-producing 649:666 arg1 bacteria 668:675 butyrate-producing bacteria 649:675 butyrate-producing bacteria 649:675 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 5 23 theme complex 585:591 arg1 effects 593:599 more complex effects 580:599 more complex effects 580:599 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 7 24 theme intestinal 902:911 arg1 microbiota 913:922 intestinal microbiota 902:922 intestinal microbiota 902:922 Modulation effects of intestinal microbiota were positively correlated with DP. 28407078 5 25 from Influences 521:530 arg1 microbiota 564:573 intestinal microbiota 553:573 intestinal microbiota 553:573 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 7 26 theme Modulation 880:889 arg1 effects 891:897 Modulation effects 880:897 Modulation effects of intestinal microbiota 880:922 Modulation effects of intestinal microbiota were positively correlated with DP. 28407078 7 27 theme microbiota 913:922 arg1 effects 891:897 Modulation effects 880:897 Modulation effects of intestinal microbiota 880:922 Modulation effects of intestinal microbiota were positively correlated with DP. 28407078 3 28 theme time 383:386 arg1 point 388:392 time point 0 383:394 time point 0 383:394 Fecal samples were obtained at time point 0 and 6th week. 28407078 6 29 theme Akkermansia 708:718 arg1 muciniphila 720:730 Akkermansia muciniphila 708:730 Akkermansia muciniphila 708:730 Akkermansia muciniphila, belonging to mucin-degrading species, became a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum after treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin. 28407078 1 30 theme polymerization 197:210 arg1 degrees 186:192 different degrees 176:192 different degrees of polymerization (DP) 176:215 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 0 31 theme polymerization 33:46 arg1 degrees 22:28 different degrees 12:28 different degrees of polymerization 12:46 Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. 28407078 9 32 theme chain 1180:1184 arg1 acids 1192:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila played an important role on maintaining balance between mucin and short chain fatty acids. 28407078 8 33 theme higher 1013:1018 arg1 treatment 1023:1031 higher DP treatment 1013:1031 higher DP treatment 1013:1031 Lower DP interventions exhibited better effects than higher DP treatment on stimulation of probiotics. 28407078 8 34 theme better 993:998 arg1 effects 1000:1006 better effects 993:1006 better effects 993:1006 Lower DP interventions exhibited better effects than higher DP treatment on stimulation of probiotics. 28407078 5 35 theme inulin 543:548 arg1 Influences 521:530 Influences 521:530 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota 521:573 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 4 36 theme rRNA 414:417 arg1 analysis 428:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 5 37 theme intestinal 553:562 arg1 microbiota 564:573 intestinal microbiota 553:573 intestinal microbiota 553:573 Influences of dietary inulin on intestinal microbiota were more complex effects than bifidogenic effects, relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria increased after interventions. 28407078 6 38 from species 789:795 arg1 phylum 816:821 Verrucomicrobia phylum 800:821 Verrucomicrobia phylum 800:821 Akkermansia muciniphila, belonging to mucin-degrading species, became a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum after treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin. 28407078 9 39 theme important 1118:1126 arg1 role 1128:1131 an important role 1115:1131 an important role 1115:1131 We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila played an important role on maintaining balance between mucin and short chain fatty acids. 28407078 1 40 with inulin 164:169 arg1 degrees 186:192 different degrees 176:192 different degrees of polymerization (DP) 176:215 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 4 41 theme 16S 410:412 arg1 analysis 428:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 2 42 theme male 267:270 arg1 mice 281:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 254:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 254:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin for 6 weeks. 28407078 0 43 with Inulin 0:5 arg1 degrees 22:28 different degrees 12:28 different degrees of polymerization 12:46 Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. 28407078 8 44 theme DP 1020:1021 arg1 treatment 1023:1031 higher DP treatment 1013:1031 higher DP treatment 1013:1031 Lower DP interventions exhibited better effects than higher DP treatment on stimulation of probiotics. 28407078 2 45 theme Six-week-old 254:265 arg1 mice 281:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 254:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 254:284 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin for 6 weeks. 28407078 6 46 theme dominant 780:787 arg1 species 789:795 a dominant species 778:795 a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum 778:821 Akkermansia muciniphila, belonging to mucin-degrading species, became a dominant species in Verrucomicrobia phylum after treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin. 28407078 9 47 theme fatty 1186:1190 arg1 acids 1192:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 mucin and short chain fatty acids 1164:1196 We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila played an important role on maintaining balance between mucin and short chain fatty acids. 28407078 0 48 theme intestinal 73:82 arg1 microbiota 84:93 intestinal microbiota 73:93 intestinal microbiota 73:93 Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. 28407078 4 49 theme sequence 419:426 arg1 analysis 428:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis 410:435 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 1 50 theme global 135:140 arg1 influences 142:151 the global influences 131:151 the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities 131:251 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 1 51 theme intestinal 220:229 arg1 communities 241:251 intestinal microbial communities 220:251 intestinal microbial communities 220:251 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 28407078 4 52 theme Illumina 496:503 arg1 platform 511:518 the Illumina MiSeq platform 492:518 the Illumina MiSeq platform 492:518 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to measure intestinal microbiota performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. 28407078 0 53 theme different 12:20 arg1 degrees 22:28 different degrees 12:28 different degrees of polymerization 12:46 Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. 28407078 8 54 theme probiotics 1051:1060 arg1 stimulation 1036:1046 stimulation 1036:1046 stimulation of probiotics 1036:1060 Lower DP interventions exhibited better effects than higher DP treatment on stimulation of probiotics. 28407078 1 55 theme microbial 231:239 arg1 communities 241:251 intestinal microbial communities 220:251 intestinal microbial communities 220:251 The study aimed to analyze the global influences of dietary inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on intestinal microbial communities. 24857489 3 0 theme decreased 312:320 arg1 strength 330:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 1 dep hardness 364:371 arg1 compared 374:381 compared 374:381 compared to PLA 374:388 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 2 theme tensile 322:328 arg1 strength 330:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 5 3 theme in 623:624 arg1 response 643:650 in vitro osteoblast response 623:650 in vitro osteoblast response 623:650 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 3 4 from composites 269:278 arg1 hardness 364:371 hardness 364:371 hardness (compared to PLA) 364:389 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 4 5 theme human 465:469 arg1 line 489:492 human osteosarcoma cell line 465:492 human osteosarcoma cell line 465:492 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites indicate a good viability/proliferation outcome. 24857489 5 6 theme prospective 693:703 arg1 application 705:715 prospective application 693:715 prospective application 693:715 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 3 7 theme significant 340:350 arg1 increase 352:359 significant increase 340:359 significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) 340:389 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 5 8 theme osteoblast 632:641 arg1 response 643:650 in vitro osteoblast response 623:650 in vitro osteoblast response 623:650 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 4 9 theme cell 484:487 arg1 line 489:492 human osteosarcoma cell line 465:492 human osteosarcoma cell line 465:492 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites indicate a good viability/proliferation outcome. 24857489 3 10 theme surface 416:422 arg1 properties 424:433 the surface properties 412:433 the surface properties 412:433 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 4 11 theme osteosarcoma 471:482 arg1 line 489:492 human osteosarcoma cell line 465:492 human osteosarcoma cell line 465:492 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites indicate a good viability/proliferation outcome. 24857489 5 12 theme mechanical 599:608 arg1 behavior 610:617 mechanical behavior 599:617 mechanical behavior 599:617 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 3 13 from increase 352:359 arg1 hardness 364:371 hardness 364:371 hardness (compared to PLA) 364:389 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 0 14 theme biomedical 36:45 arg1 applications 47:58 biomedical applications 36:58 biomedical applications 36:58 PLA/chitosan/keratin composites for biomedical applications. 24857489 3 15 with composites 269:278 arg1 strength 330:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 15 with composites 269:278 arg1 modulus 300:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 16 theme properties 424:433 arg1 composites 269:278 composites 269:278 composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength 269:337 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 16 theme properties 424:433 arg1 increase 352:359 significant increase 340:359 significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) 340:389 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 16 theme properties 424:433 arg1 uptake 402:407 a good uptake 395:407 a good uptake of the surface properties 395:433 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 16 theme properties 424:433 arg1 properties 424:433 the surface properties 412:433 the surface properties 412:433 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 17 theme good 397:400 arg1 uptake 402:407 a good uptake 395:407 a good uptake of the surface properties 395:433 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 2 18 theme contribution 166:177 arg1 goal 153:156 The goal 149:156 The goal of this contribution 149:177 The goal of this contribution was to evaluate mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites. 24857489 3 19 with increase 352:359 arg1 strength 330:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 19 with increase 352:359 arg1 modulus 300:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 20 with uptake 402:407 arg1 strength 330:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 decreased tensile strength 312:337 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 3 20 with uptake 402:407 arg1 modulus 300:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 4 21 theme Biological 436:445 arg1 assessments 447:457 Biological assessments 436:457 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites 436:512 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites indicate a good viability/proliferation outcome. 24857489 5 22 theme medical 720:726 arg1 field 728:732 medical field 720:732 medical field 720:732 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 4 23 theme viability/proliferation 530:552 arg1 outcome 554:560 a good viability/proliferation outcome 523:560 a good viability/proliferation outcome 523:560 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites indicate a good viability/proliferation outcome. 24857489 2 24 theme in 210:211 arg1 behavior 219:226 mechanical and in vitro behavior 195:226 mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites 195:244 The goal of this contribution was to evaluate mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites. 24857489 4 25 theme good 525:528 arg1 outcome 554:560 a good viability/proliferation outcome 523:560 a good viability/proliferation outcome 523:560 Biological assessments using human osteosarcoma cell line on these composites indicate a good viability/proliferation outcome. 24857489 3 26 theme improved 285:292 arg1 modulus 300:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 5 27 theme preliminary 569:579 arg1 results 581:587 Hence preliminary results 563:587 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response 563:650 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 1 28 theme blend 130:134 arg1 preparation 136:146 blend preparation 130:146 blend preparation 130:146 Novel composites based on PLA, chitosan and keratin was obtained via blend preparation. 24857489 3 29 theme Young 294:298 arg1 modulus 300:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 improved Young modulus 285:306 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 2 30 theme mechanical 195:204 arg1 behavior 219:226 mechanical and in vitro behavior 195:226 mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites 195:244 The goal of this contribution was to evaluate mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites. 24857489 3 31 from uptake 402:407 arg1 hardness 364:371 hardness 364:371 hardness (compared to PLA) 364:389 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 5 32 contain have 688:691 arg2 application 705:715 prospective application 693:715 prospective application 693:715 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 5 32 contain have 688:691 arg1 composites 671:680 these composites 665:680 these composites 665:680 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 3 33 dep point 259:263 arg1 out 265:267 out 265:267 out 265:267 The results point out composites with improved Young modulus and decreased tensile strength, significant increase in hardness (compared to PLA) and a good uptake of the surface properties. 24857489 1 34 theme Novel 61:65 arg1 composites 67:76 Novel composites 61:76 Novel composites based on PLA, chitosan and keratin 61:111 Novel composites based on PLA, chitosan and keratin was obtained via blend preparation. 24857489 5 35 dep in 623:624 arg1 vitro 626:630 vitro 626:630 vitro 626:630 Hence preliminary results regarding mechanical behavior and in vitro osteoblast response suggest that these composites might have prospective application in medical field. 24857489 2 36 dep in 210:211 arg1 vitro 213:217 vitro 213:217 vitro 213:217 The goal of this contribution was to evaluate mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites. 24857489 2 37 theme composites 235:244 arg1 behavior 219:226 mechanical and in vitro behavior 195:226 mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites 195:244 The goal of this contribution was to evaluate mechanical and in vitro behavior of the composites. 27171920 0 0 theme composites 96:105 arg1 properties 30:39 properties 30:39 properties 30:39 SEM and TEM for structure and properties characterization of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites. 27171920 0 0 theme composites 96:105 arg1 structure 16:24 structure 16:24 structure 16:24 SEM and TEM for structure and properties characterization of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites. 27171920 2 1 from nanocrystals 430:441 arg1 solutions 477:485 water solutions 471:485 water solutions 471:485 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 4 2 theme density 805:811 arg1 values 833:838 Young's modulus values 817:838 Young's modulus values 817:838 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 4 2 theme density 805:811 arg1 values 795:800 the values 791:800 the values of density 791:811 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 1 3 theme components 176:185 arg1 properties 149:158 different properties 139:158 different properties 139:158 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 1 3 theme components 176:185 arg1 gradient 164:171 gradient 164:171 gradient of components 164:185 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 0 4 theme cellulose/hydroxyapatite 71:94 arg1 composites 96:105 bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites 61:105 bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites 61:105 SEM and TEM for structure and properties characterization of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites. 27171920 4 5 from increase 657:664 arg1 content 676:682 the BC content 669:682 the BC content 669:682 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 2 6 theme BC 510:511 arg1 micro-fragments 522:536 the BC gel-film micro-fragments 506:536 the BC gel-film micro-fragments 506:536 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 4 7 theme specific 736:743 arg1 area 753:756 specific surface area 736:756 specific surface area 736:756 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 4 8 theme Young 817:821 arg1 values 833:838 Young's modulus values 817:838 Young's modulus values 817:838 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 4 9 theme crystal 717:723 arg1 length 725:730 the HAP crystal length 709:730 the HAP crystal length 709:730 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 3 10 theme BC-HAP 551:556 arg1 ratios 558:563 the BC-HAP ratios 547:563 the BC-HAP ratios 547:563 Varying the BC-HAP ratios leads to a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials. 27171920 4 11 theme HAP 713:715 arg1 length 725:730 the HAP crystal length 709:730 the HAP crystal length 709:730 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 2 12 theme mass 322:325 arg1 ratio 327:331 various mass ratio 314:331 various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 314:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 13 theme various 314:320 arg1 ratio 327:331 various mass ratio 314:331 various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 314:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 14 theme novel 402:406 arg1 method 408:413 a novel method 400:413 a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments 400:536 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 4 15 theme length 725:730 arg1 decrease 697:704 a decrease 695:704 a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase 695:847 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 2 16 theme linear 448:453 arg1 ≤30 nm 460:465 the linear size ≤30 nm 444:465 the linear size ≤30 nm 444:465 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 16 theme linear 448:453 arg1 nanocrystals 430:441 HAP nanocrystals 426:441 HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions 426:485 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 17 theme water 471:475 arg1 solutions 477:485 water solutions 471:485 water solutions 471:485 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 5 18 theme SCANNING 850:857 arg1 2016 871:874 2016 871:874 2016 871:874 SCANNING 38:757-765, 2016. 27171920 5 18 theme SCANNING 850:857 arg1 38:757-765 859:868 SCANNING 38:757-765 850:868 SCANNING 38:757-765 850:868 SCANNING 38:757-765, 2016. 27171920 1 19 theme better 199:204 arg1 performance 206:216 better performance 199:216 better performance of materials for bone substitution 199:251 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 2 20 theme components 340:349 arg1 ratio 327:331 various mass ratio 314:331 various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 314:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 3 21 theme gradual 576:582 arg1 change 584:589 a gradual change 574:589 a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials 574:633 Varying the BC-HAP ratios leads to a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials. 27171920 2 22 theme HAP 426:428 arg1 ≤30 nm 460:465 the linear size ≤30 nm 444:465 the linear size ≤30 nm 444:465 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 22 theme HAP 426:428 arg1 nanocrystals 430:441 HAP nanocrystals 426:441 HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions 426:485 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 1 23 with Preparation 108:118 arg1 properties 149:158 different properties 139:158 different properties 139:158 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 1 23 with Preparation 108:118 arg1 gradient 164:171 gradient 164:171 gradient of components 164:185 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 3 24 theme materials 625:633 arg1 properties 607:616 the physical properties 594:616 the physical properties of the materials 594:633 Varying the BC-HAP ratios leads to a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials. 27171920 1 25 theme composites 123:132 arg1 Preparation 108:118 Preparation 108:118 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components 108:185 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 1 26 theme materials 221:229 arg1 performance 206:216 better performance 199:216 better performance of materials for bone substitution 199:251 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 4 27 theme BC 673:674 arg1 content 676:682 the BC content 669:682 the BC content 669:682 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 2 28 theme micro-fragments 522:536 arg1 presence 494:501 the presence 490:501 the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments 490:536 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 29 theme cellulose-hydroxyapatite 264:287 arg1 composites 298:307 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites 254:307 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 254:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 30 theme gel-film 513:520 arg1 micro-fragments 522:536 the BC gel-film micro-fragments 506:536 the BC gel-film micro-fragments 506:536 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 31 theme Bacterial 254:262 arg1 composites 298:307 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites 254:307 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 254:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 1 32 theme bone 235:238 arg1 substitution 240:251 bone substitution 235:251 bone substitution 235:251 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 4 33 theme modulus 825:831 arg1 values 833:838 Young's modulus values 817:838 Young's modulus values 817:838 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 6 34 dep © 877:877 arg1 Inc. 903:906 Inc. 903:906 Inc. 903:906 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27171920 4 35 theme pore 773:776 arg1 volume 778:783 pore volume 773:783 pore volume 773:783 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 2 36 theme size 455:458 arg1 ≤30 nm 460:465 the linear size ≤30 nm 444:465 the linear size ≤30 nm 444:465 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 36 theme size 455:458 arg1 nanocrystals 430:441 HAP nanocrystals 426:441 HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions 426:485 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 37 with composites 298:307 arg1 ratio 327:331 various mass ratio 314:331 various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 314:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 0 38 dep structure 16:24 arg1 characterization 41:56 characterization 41:56 characterization 41:56 SEM and TEM for structure and properties characterization of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites. 27171920 1 39 theme different 139:147 arg1 properties 149:158 different properties 139:158 different properties 139:158 Preparation of composites with different properties and gradient of components is aimed at better performance of materials for bone substitution. 27171920 4 40 theme surface 745:751 arg1 area 753:756 specific surface area 736:756 specific surface area 736:756 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 27171920 3 41 theme physical 598:605 arg1 properties 607:616 the physical properties 594:616 the physical properties of the materials 594:633 Varying the BC-HAP ratios leads to a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials. 27171920 3 42 theme properties 607:616 arg1 change 584:589 a gradual change 574:589 a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials 574:633 Varying the BC-HAP ratios leads to a gradual change of the physical properties of the materials. 27171920 2 43 dep components 340:349 arg1 BC-4HAP 362:368 BC-4HAP 362:368 BC-4HAP 362:368 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 43 dep components 340:349 arg1 BC-HAP 375:380 BC-HAP 375:380 BC-HAP 375:380 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 43 dep components 340:349 arg1 BC-25HAP 352:359 BC-25HAP 352:359 BC-25HAP 352:359 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 2 43 dep components 340:349 arg1 components 340:349 the components 336:349 the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 336:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 0 44 theme bacterial 61:69 arg1 composites 96:105 bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites 61:105 bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites 61:105 SEM and TEM for structure and properties characterization of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composites. 27171920 2 45 theme BC-HAP 290:295 arg1 composites 298:307 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites 254:307 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) 254:381 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HAP) composites with various mass ratio of the components (BC-25HAP, BC-4HAP, and BC-HAP) were prepared by a novel method of growing HAP nanocrystals (the linear size ≤30 nm) in water solutions in the presence of the BC gel-film micro-fragments. 27171920 4 46 theme area 753:756 arg1 decrease 697:704 a decrease 695:704 a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase 695:847 It was found that an increase in the BC content results in a decrease of the HAP crystal length and specific surface area, porosity, and pore volume while the values of density and Young's modulus values increase. 28823104 7 0 located observed 835:842 arg2 loading 810:816 drug loading 805:816 drug loading 805:816 Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. 28823104 7 0 located observed 835:842 arg1 pH 847:848 pH 7.4 847:852 pH 7.4 847:852 Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. 28823104 7 0 located observed 835:842 arg2 swelling 795:802 Maximum swelling 787:802 Maximum swelling 787:802 Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. 28823104 7 0 located observed 835:842 arg2 release 822:828 release 822:828 release 822:828 Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. 28823104 0 1 dep in 96:97 arg1 vivo 99:102 vivo 99:102 vivo 99:102 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 9 2 theme great 963:967 arg1 potential 969:977 a great potential 961:977 a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs 961:1085 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 0 3 theme acrylic 68:74 arg1 poly 63:66 poly 63:66 poly(acrylic acid) 63:80 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 0 3 theme acrylic 68:74 arg1 acid 76:79 acrylic acid 68:79 acrylic acid 68:79 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 5 4 theme HeLa 663:666 arg1 cells 668:672 HeLa cells 663:672 HeLa cells 663:672 In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. 28823104 6 5 theme pharmacokinetic 752:766 arg1 behaviour 768:776 its pharmacokinetic behaviour 748:776 its pharmacokinetic behaviour 748:776 Developed hydrogels were then administered to rabbits orally to evaluate its pharmacokinetic behaviour in vivo. 28823104 3 6 theme in 483:484 arg1 behaviour 500:508 its in vitro release behaviour 479:508 its in vitro release behaviour 479:508 Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. 28823104 1 7 theme polymeric 207:215 arg1 system 217:222 a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system 156:222 a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner 156:312 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 1 8 theme controlled 296:305 arg1 manner 307:312 a controlled manner 294:312 a controlled manner 294:312 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 0 9 dep in 83:84 arg1 vitro 86:90 vitro 86:90 vitro 86:90 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 7 10 theme drug 805:808 arg1 loading 810:816 drug loading 805:816 drug loading 805:816 Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. 28823104 1 11 contain have 229:232 arg2 behaviour 248:256 pH responsive behaviour 234:256 pH responsive behaviour 234:256 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 1 11 contain have 229:232 arg1 system 217:222 a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system 156:222 a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner 156:312 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 2 12 theme colonic 341:347 arg1 cancer 349:354 colonic cancer 341:354 colonic cancer 341:354 Furthermore it can target colonic cancer minimizing the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU. 28823104 0 13 theme in 83:84 arg1 evaluation 104:113 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 83:113 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 83:113 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 5 14 dep In 567:568 arg1 vitro 570:574 vitro 570:574 vitro 570:574 In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. 28823104 2 15 theme in 387:388 arg1 chemotherapy 395:406 in vivo chemotherapy 387:406 in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU 387:415 Furthermore it can target colonic cancer minimizing the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU. 28823104 1 16 theme study 135:139 arg1 purpose 120:126 The purpose 116:126 The purpose of the study 116:139 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 0 17 theme polymeric 6:14 arg1 composites 16:25 Novel polymeric composites 0:25 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) 0:80 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 5 18 theme In 567:568 arg1 cytocompatibility 576:592 cytocompatibility 576:592 cytocompatibility 576:592 In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. 28823104 9 19 theme controlled 994:1003 arg1 delivery 1010:1017 controlled drug delivery 994:1017 controlled drug delivery 994:1017 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 0 20 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 composites 16:25 Novel polymeric composites 0:25 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) 0:80 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 2 21 dep in 387:388 arg1 vivo 390:393 vivo 390:393 vivo 390:393 Furthermore it can target colonic cancer minimizing the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU. 28823104 9 22 theme drug 1005:1008 arg1 delivery 1010:1017 controlled drug delivery 994:1017 controlled drug delivery 994:1017 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 0 23 theme in 96:97 arg1 evaluation 104:113 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 83:113 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 83:113 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 3 24 theme release 492:498 arg1 behaviour 500:508 its in vitro release behaviour 479:508 its in vitro release behaviour 479:508 Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. 28823104 7 25 theme Maximum 787:793 arg1 swelling 795:802 Maximum swelling 787:802 Maximum swelling 787:802 Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. 28823104 2 26 theme side 371:374 arg1 effects 376:382 the side effects 367:382 the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU 367:415 Furthermore it can target colonic cancer minimizing the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU. 28823104 1 27 theme pH 234:235 arg1 behaviour 248:256 pH responsive behaviour 234:256 pH responsive behaviour 234:256 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 5 28 theme MTT 647:649 arg1 assay 651:655 MTT assay 647:655 MTT assay using HeLa cells 647:672 In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. 28823104 9 29 contain have 956:959 arg2 potential 969:977 a great potential 961:977 a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs 961:1085 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 9 29 contain have 956:959 arg1 AA 952:953 AA 952:953 AA 952:953 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 9 29 contain have 956:959 arg1 CMC-co-poly 940:950 CMC-co-poly 940:950 CMC-co-poly(AA) 940:954 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 0 30 theme carboxymethyl 36:48 arg1 chitosan 50:57 carboxymethyl chitosan 36:57 carboxymethyl chitosan 36:57 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 1 31 theme responsive 237:246 arg1 behaviour 248:256 pH responsive behaviour 234:256 pH responsive behaviour 234:256 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 9 32 theme colonic 1023:1029 arg1 targeting 1031:1039 colonic targeting 1023:1039 colonic targeting 1023:1039 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 1 33 theme novel 158:162 arg1 system 217:222 a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system 156:222 a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner 156:312 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 8 34 theme maximum 865:871 arg1 absorption 873:882 maximum absorption 865:882 maximum absorption 865:882 Similarly maximum absorption was achieved at pH 7.4 in rabbits. 28823104 3 35 theme drug 431:434 arg1 release 436:442 drug release 431:442 drug release 431:442 Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. 28823104 2 36 theme chemotherapy 395:406 arg1 effects 376:382 the side effects 367:382 the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU 367:415 Furthermore it can target colonic cancer minimizing the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU. 28823104 5 37 theme hydrogels 618:626 arg1 cytotoxicity 598:609 cytotoxicity 598:609 cytotoxicity 598:609 In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. 28823104 5 37 theme hydrogels 618:626 arg1 cytocompatibility 576:592 cytocompatibility 576:592 cytocompatibility 576:592 In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. 28823104 3 38 theme release 436:442 arg1 studies 444:450 Swelling and drug release studies 418:450 Swelling and drug release studies 418:450 Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. 28823104 1 39 dep novel 158:162 arg1 stable 176:181 stable 176:181 stable 176:181 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 1 39 dep novel 158:162 arg1 crosslinked 195:205 crosslinked 195:205 crosslinked 195:205 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 1 39 dep novel 158:162 arg1 efficient 165:173 efficient 165:173 efficient 165:173 The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. 28823104 3 40 theme Swelling 418:425 arg1 studies 444:450 Swelling and drug release studies 418:450 Swelling and drug release studies 418:450 Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. 28823104 6 41 theme Developed 675:683 arg1 hydrogels 685:693 Developed hydrogels 675:693 Developed hydrogels 675:693 Developed hydrogels were then administered to rabbits orally to evaluate its pharmacokinetic behaviour in vivo. 28823104 3 42 dep in 483:484 arg1 vitro 486:490 vitro 486:490 vitro 486:490 Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. 28823104 9 43 theme various 1062:1068 arg1 drugs 1081:1085 various anticancer drugs 1062:1085 various anticancer drugs 1062:1085 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 28823104 0 44 dep evaluation 104:113 arg1 composites 16:25 Novel polymeric composites 0:25 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) 0:80 Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 28823104 9 45 theme anticancer 1070:1079 arg1 drugs 1081:1085 various anticancer drugs 1062:1085 various anticancer drugs 1062:1085 It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs. 27434756 5 0 theme Dietary 737:743 arg1 source 753:758 Dietary protein source 737:758 Dietary protein source 737:758 Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. 27434756 1 1 theme minor 307:311 arg1 extent 313:318 a minor extent 305:318 a minor extent 305:318 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 6 2 theme soy 866:868 arg1 protein 870:876 soy protein 866:876 soy protein 866:876 populations were greater with soy protein than with casein. 27434756 14 3 theme carbohydrate 1850:1861 arg1 polymers 1863:1870 carbohydrate polymers 1850:1870 carbohydrate polymers involved 1850:1879 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 8 4 theme dietary 1115:1121 arg1 protein 1123:1129 the dietary protein 1111:1129 the dietary protein 1111:1129 populations, and FOS increased the butyric acid concentration regardless of the dietary protein. 27434756 0 5 theme Raffinose 63:71 arg1 Effects 52:58 the Effects 48:58 the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota 48:152 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 2 6 from effects 413:419 arg1 composition 458:468 composition 458:468 composition 458:468 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 2 6 from effects 413:419 arg1 activity 484:491 metabolic activity 474:491 metabolic activity 474:491 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 10 7 dep Bacteroides 1255:1265 arg1 sp. 1267:1269 Bacteroides sp. 1255:1269 Bacteroides sp. 1255:1269 were detected in microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp. 27434756 14 8 theme dietary 1702:1708 arg1 proteins 1710:1717 dietary proteins 1702:1717 dietary proteins 1702:1717 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 12 9 theme dietary 1369:1375 arg1 proteins 1377:1384 dietary proteins 1369:1384 dietary proteins 1369:1384 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 2 10 theme microbiota 500:509 arg1 composition 458:468 composition 458:468 composition 458:468 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 2 10 theme microbiota 500:509 arg1 activity 484:491 metabolic activity 474:491 metabolic activity 474:491 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 9 11 theme Lactobacillus 1184:1196 arg1 sp 1198:1199 Lactobacillus sp 1184:1199 Lactobacillus sp 1184:1199 Likewise, Bifidobacterium sp., Collinsella sp., and Lactobacillus sp. 27434756 0 12 dep Composition 107:117 arg1 the 103:105 the 103:105 the 103:105 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 10 13 dep Roseburia 1272:1280 arg1 sp. 1282:1284 Roseburia sp. 1272:1284 Roseburia sp. 1272:1284 were detected in microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp. 27434756 2 14 theme gut 496:498 arg1 microbiota 500:509 gut microbiota 496:509 gut microbiota 496:509 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 7 15 theme gut 950:952 arg1 microbiota 954:963 gut microbiota 950:963 gut microbiota 950:963 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 12 16 theme Clostridium 1436:1446 arg1 populations 1466:1476 Clostridium perfringens group populations 1436:1476 Clostridium perfringens group populations 1436:1476 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 13 17 theme casein-fed 1565:1574 arg1 rats 1576:1579 casein-fed rats 1565:1579 casein-fed rats 1565:1579 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 12 18 theme prebiotic 1390:1398 arg1 oligosaccharides 1400:1415 prebiotic oligosaccharides 1390:1415 prebiotic oligosaccharides 1390:1415 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 5 19 theme Lactobacillus 817:829 arg1 spp 831:833 Lactobacillus spp 817:833 Lactobacillus spp 817:833 Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. 27434756 13 20 theme soy 1605:1607 arg1 protein 1609:1615 soy protein 1605:1615 soy protein 1605:1615 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 14 21 from effects 1751:1757 arg1 microbiota 1813:1822 microbiota 1813:1822 microbiota 1813:1822 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 14 21 from effects 1751:1757 arg1 fermentation 1796:1807 gut fermentation 1792:1807 gut fermentation 1792:1807 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 7 22 contain had 923:925 arg2 effects 939:945 distinctive effects 927:945 distinctive effects 927:945 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 7 22 contain had 923:925 arg1 oligosaccharides 906:921 Prebiotic oligosaccharides 896:921 Prebiotic oligosaccharides 896:921 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 5 23 theme acetic 787:792 arg1 acid 794:797 acetic acid 787:797 acetic acid concentration 787:811 Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. 27434756 5 24 theme protein 745:751 arg1 source 753:758 Dietary protein source 737:758 Dietary protein source 737:758 Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. 27434756 8 25 theme butyric 1070:1076 arg1 concentration 1083:1095 the butyric acid concentration 1066:1095 the butyric acid concentration 1066:1095 populations, and FOS increased the butyric acid concentration regardless of the dietary protein. 27434756 4 26 theme denaturing 696:705 arg1 electrophoresis 720:734 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 696:734 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 696:734 Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 27434756 13 27 theme RAF 1621:1623 arg1 combination 1590:1600 the combination 1586:1600 the combination of soy protein and RAF 1586:1623 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 0 28 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 Casein 8:13 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate 0:37 Casein 8:13 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 1 29 theme dietary 256:262 arg1 sources 272:278 dietary protein sources 256:278 dietary protein sources 256:278 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 0 30 theme Soy 19:21 arg1 Isolate 31:37 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate 0:37 Isolate 31:37 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 1 31 theme protein 264:270 arg1 sources 272:278 dietary protein sources 256:278 dietary protein sources 256:278 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 13 32 theme cecum 1649:1653 arg1 concentration 1659:1671 cecum IgA concentration 1649:1671 cecum IgA concentration 1649:1671 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 7 33 theme distinctive 927:937 arg1 effects 939:945 distinctive effects 927:945 distinctive effects 927:945 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 4 34 theme gel 716:718 arg1 electrophoresis 720:734 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 696:734 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 696:734 Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 27434756 10 35 theme Blautia 1291:1297 arg1 sp 1299:1300 Blautia sp 1291:1300 Blautia sp 1291:1300 were detected in microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp. 27434756 2 36 theme protein 383:389 arg1 sources 391:397 different dietary protein sources 365:397 different dietary protein sources 365:397 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 2 37 theme sources 391:397 arg1 influence 352:360 the influence 348:360 the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota 348:509 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 1 38 theme sources 272:278 arg1 impact 246:251 the impact 242:251 the impact of dietary protein sources 242:278 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 8 39 theme acid 1078:1081 arg1 concentration 1083:1095 the butyric acid concentration 1066:1095 the butyric acid concentration 1066:1095 populations, and FOS increased the butyric acid concentration regardless of the dietary protein. 27434756 13 40 theme IgA 1655:1657 arg1 concentration 1659:1671 cecum IgA concentration 1649:1671 cecum IgA concentration 1649:1671 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 4 41 theme gradient 707:714 arg1 electrophoresis 720:734 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 696:734 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 696:734 Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 27434756 2 42 theme dietary 375:381 arg1 sources 391:397 different dietary protein sources 365:397 different dietary protein sources 365:397 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 13 43 dep C. 1529:1530 arg1 perfringens 1532:1542 perfringens 1532:1542 perfringens 1532:1542 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 0 44 theme Gut 139:141 arg1 Microbiota 143:152 Gut Microbiota 139:152 Gut Microbiota 139:152 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 1 45 contain has 177:179 arg2 influence 194:202 an important influence 181:202 an important influence 181:202 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 1 45 contain has 177:179 arg1 diet 172:175 diet 172:175 diet 172:175 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 13 46 theme group 1544:1548 arg1 populations 1550:1560 C. perfringens group populations 1529:1560 C. perfringens group populations 1529:1560 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 2 47 theme different 365:373 arg1 sources 391:397 different dietary protein sources 365:397 different dietary protein sources 365:397 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 2 48 theme oligosaccharides 434:449 arg1 effects 413:419 the effects 409:419 the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota 409:509 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 12 49 theme group 1460:1464 arg1 populations 1466:1476 Clostridium perfringens group populations 1436:1476 Clostridium perfringens group populations 1436:1476 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 0 50 theme Protein 23:29 arg1 Isolate 31:37 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate 0:37 Isolate 31:37 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 5 51 theme acid 794:797 arg1 concentration 799:811 acetic acid concentration 787:811 acetic acid concentration 787:811 Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. 27434756 7 52 theme Bifidobacterium 1014:1028 arg1 spp 1030:1032 Bifidobacterium spp 1014:1032 Bifidobacterium spp 1014:1032 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 2 53 theme prebiotic 424:432 arg1 oligosaccharides 434:449 prebiotic oligosaccharides 424:449 prebiotic oligosaccharides 424:449 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 14 54 theme oligosaccharides 1772:1787 arg1 effects 1751:1757 the effects 1747:1757 the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota 1747:1822 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 2 55 dep composition 458:468 arg1 the 454:456 the 454:456 the 454:456 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 0 56 from Effects 52:58 arg1 Fermentation 123:134 Fermentation 123:134 Fermentation 123:134 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 0 56 from Effects 52:58 arg1 Composition 107:117 Composition 107:117 Composition 107:117 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 3 57 theme soy 551:553 arg1 isolate 563:569 soy protein isolate 551:569 soy protein isolate 551:569 Thirty female rats were fed casein and soy protein isolate with cellulose, raffinose (RAF), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 27434756 12 58 dep Clostridium 1436:1446 arg1 perfringens 1448:1458 perfringens 1448:1458 perfringens 1448:1458 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 0 59 theme Microbiota 143:152 arg1 Fermentation 123:134 Fermentation 123:134 Fermentation 123:134 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 0 59 theme Microbiota 143:152 arg1 Composition 107:117 Composition 107:117 Composition 107:117 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27434756 3 60 theme protein 555:561 arg1 isolate 563:569 soy protein isolate 551:569 soy protein isolate 551:569 Thirty female rats were fed casein and soy protein isolate with cellulose, raffinose (RAF), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 27434756 7 61 theme Prebiotic 896:904 arg1 oligosaccharides 906:921 Prebiotic oligosaccharides 896:921 Prebiotic oligosaccharides 896:921 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 7 62 theme acid 991:994 arg1 concentration 996:1008 the acetic acid concentration 980:1008 the acetic acid concentration 980:1008 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 14 63 theme prebiotic 1762:1770 arg1 oligosaccharides 1772:1787 prebiotic oligosaccharides 1762:1787 prebiotic oligosaccharides 1762:1787 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 10 64 theme rats 1237:1240 arg1 microbiota 1219:1228 microbiota 1219:1228 microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp 1219:1300 were detected in microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp. 27434756 14 65 theme gut 1792:1794 arg1 fermentation 1796:1807 gut fermentation 1792:1807 gut fermentation 1792:1807 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 13 66 theme protein 1609:1615 arg1 combination 1590:1600 the combination 1586:1600 the combination of soy protein and RAF 1586:1623 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 12 67 theme IgA 1488:1490 arg1 concentration 1492:1504 cecum IgA concentration 1482:1504 cecum IgA concentration 1482:1504 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 3 68 theme female 519:524 arg1 rats 526:529 Thirty female rats 512:529 Thirty female rats 512:529 Thirty female rats were fed casein and soy protein isolate with cellulose, raffinose (RAF), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 27434756 7 69 theme acetic 984:989 arg1 concentration 996:1008 the acetic acid concentration 980:1008 the acetic acid concentration 980:1008 Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. 27434756 4 70 theme real-time 677:685 arg1 qPCR 687:690 real-time qPCR 677:690 real-time qPCR 677:690 Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 27434756 2 71 theme metabolic 474:482 arg1 activity 484:491 metabolic activity 474:491 metabolic activity 474:491 In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. 27434756 12 72 theme cecum 1482:1486 arg1 concentration 1492:1504 cecum IgA concentration 1482:1504 cecum IgA concentration 1482:1504 Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 13 73 theme C. 1529:1530 arg1 populations 1550:1560 C. perfringens group populations 1529:1560 C. perfringens group populations 1529:1560 RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. 27434756 1 74 theme important 184:192 arg1 influence 194:202 an important influence 181:202 an important influence 181:202 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 4 75 theme Microbiota 638:647 arg1 composition 649:659 Microbiota composition 638:659 Microbiota composition 638:659 Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 27434756 1 76 theme gut 226:228 arg1 microbiota 230:239 gut microbiota 226:239 gut microbiota 226:239 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 5 77 theme cecum 769:773 arg1 microbiota 775:784 cecum microbiota 769:784 cecum microbiota 769:784 Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. 27434756 11 78 theme rats 1334:1337 arg1 microbiota 1316:1325 microbiota 1316:1325 microbiota of the rats fed FOS 1316:1345 were seen in microbiota of the rats fed FOS. 27434756 1 79 theme microbiota 230:239 arg1 composition 211:221 the composition 207:221 the composition of gut microbiota 207:239 Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. 27434756 14 80 theme polymers 1863:1870 arg1 type 1842:1845 the type 1838:1845 the type of carbohydrate polymers involved 1838:1879 These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved. 27434756 0 81 theme Fructooligosaccharides 77:98 arg1 Effects 52:58 the Effects 48:58 the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota 48:152 Dietary Casein and Soy Protein Isolate Modulate the Effects of Raffinose and Fructooligosaccharides on the Composition and Fermentation of Gut Microbiota in Rats. 27422378 4 0 theme % 968:968 arg1 methylesterification 942:961 methylesterification 942:961 methylesterification of 97% 942:968 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 5 1 theme concentration 1097:1109 arg1 degree 1047:1052 the degree 1043:1052 the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium 1043:1135 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 4 2 theme β-lactoglobulin 851:865 arg1 nanofibrils 867:877 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 851:877 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 851:877 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 2 3 theme interactions 368:379 arg1 effect 344:349 the effect 340:349 the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes 340:420 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 1 4 theme in-depth 247:254 arg1 knowledge 256:264 an in-depth knowledge 244:264 an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents 244:310 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 1 4 theme in-depth 247:254 arg1 necessary 315:323 necessary 315:323 necessary 315:323 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 1 5 theme optimal 158:164 arg1 use 166:168 the optimal use 154:168 the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites 154:242 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 5 6 theme desired 1162:1168 arg1 architectures 1181:1193 distinct desired biological architectures 1153:1193 distinct desired biological architectures 1153:1193 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 5 7 theme biological 1170:1179 arg1 architectures 1181:1193 distinct desired biological architectures 1153:1193 distinct desired biological architectures 1153:1193 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 6 8 theme % 1351:1351 arg1 methylesterification 1325:1344 methylesterification 1325:1344 methylesterification of 86% 1325:1351 Interestingly, the pectin with a degree of methylesterification of 86% was found to crosslink the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils into ordered 'nanotapes'. 27422378 3 9 theme net 791:793 arg1 charge 804:809 a net positive charge 789:809 a net positive charge 789:809 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 0 10 theme structural 107:116 arg1 characteristics 118:132 structural characteristics 107:132 structural characteristics 107:132 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins is influenced by the pH and structural characteristics of the pectins. 27422378 4 11 theme Electrostatic 812:824 arg1 complexes 826:834 Electrostatic complexes 812:834 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types 812:898 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 2 12 from effect 344:349 arg1 morphology 388:397 the morphology 384:397 the morphology of resulting complexes 384:420 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 0 13 dep pH 100:101 arg1 the 96:98 the 96:98 the 96:98 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins is influenced by the pH and structural characteristics of the pectins. 27422378 2 14 theme complexes 412:420 arg1 morphology 388:397 the morphology 384:397 the morphology of resulting complexes 384:420 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 2 15 theme charge 531:536 arg1 amount 502:507 the amount 498:507 the amount of available negative charge 498:536 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 2 15 theme charge 531:536 arg1 charge 531:536 available negative charge 512:536 available negative charge 512:536 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 5 16 theme pectin 1085:1090 arg1 concentration 1097:1109 its concentration 1093:1109 its concentration 1093:1109 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 5 16 theme pectin 1085:1090 arg1 pH 1120:1121 the pH 1116:1121 the pH of the medium 1116:1135 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 5 16 theme pectin 1085:1090 arg1 methylesterification 1057:1076 methylesterification 1057:1076 methylesterification of the pectin 1057:1090 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 3 17 theme positive 795:802 arg1 charge 804:809 a net positive charge 789:809 a net positive charge 789:809 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 3 18 contain having 634:639 arg1 pectins 626:632 citrus pectins 619:632 citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) 619:704 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 3 18 contain having 634:639 arg2 degrees 651:657 different degrees 641:657 different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) 641:704 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 2 19 theme resulting 402:410 arg1 complexes 412:420 resulting complexes 402:420 resulting complexes 402:420 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 5 20 theme medium 1130:1135 arg1 concentration 1097:1109 its concentration 1093:1109 its concentration 1093:1109 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 5 20 theme medium 1130:1135 arg1 pH 1120:1121 the pH 1116:1121 the pH of the medium 1116:1135 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 5 20 theme medium 1130:1135 arg1 methylesterification 1057:1076 methylesterification 1057:1076 methylesterification of the pectin 1057:1090 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 1 21 theme β-lactoglobulin 173:187 arg1 nanofibrils 189:199 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 173:199 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 173:199 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 4 22 dep complexes 826:834 arg1 sample 916:921 the sample 912:921 the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97% 912:968 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 1 23 theme interactions 275:286 arg1 knowledge 256:264 an in-depth knowledge 244:264 an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents 244:310 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 1 23 theme interactions 275:286 arg1 necessary 315:323 necessary 315:323 necessary 315:323 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 6 24 dep ordered 1413:1419 arg1 nanotapes 1422:1430 nanotapes 1422:1430 nanotapes 1422:1430 Interestingly, the pectin with a degree of methylesterification of 86% was found to crosslink the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils into ordered 'nanotapes'. 27422378 1 25 with interactions 275:286 arg1 constituents 299:310 other constituents 293:310 other constituents 293:310 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 1 26 theme nanofibrils 189:199 arg1 use 166:168 the optimal use 154:168 the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites 154:242 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 5 27 theme methylesterification 1057:1076 arg1 degree 1047:1052 the degree 1043:1052 the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium 1043:1135 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 0 28 theme complexes 14:22 arg1 Morphology 0:9 Morphology 0:9 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins 0:77 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins is influenced by the pH and structural characteristics of the pectins. 27422378 1 29 theme other 293:297 arg1 constituents 299:310 other constituents 293:310 other constituents 293:310 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 2 30 theme electrostatic 354:366 arg1 interactions 368:379 electrostatic interactions 354:379 electrostatic interactions 354:379 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 0 31 theme β-lactoglobulin 39:53 arg1 nanofibrils 55:65 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 39:65 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 39:65 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins is influenced by the pH and structural characteristics of the pectins. 27422378 0 32 theme pectins 141:147 arg1 pH 100:101 pH 100:101 pH 100:101 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins is influenced by the pH and structural characteristics of the pectins. 27422378 0 32 theme pectins 141:147 arg1 characteristics 118:132 structural characteristics 107:132 structural characteristics 107:132 Morphology of complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and pectins is influenced by the pH and structural characteristics of the pectins. 27422378 1 33 theme raw 206:208 arg1 material 210:217 a raw material 204:217 a raw material in biological composites 204:242 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 3 34 theme citrus 619:624 arg1 pectins 626:632 citrus pectins 619:632 citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) 619:704 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 6 35 with pectin 1301:1306 arg1 degree 1315:1320 a degree 1313:1320 a degree of methylesterification of 86% 1313:1351 Interestingly, the pectin with a degree of methylesterification of 86% was found to crosslink the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils into ordered 'nanotapes'. 27422378 2 36 theme β-lactoglobulin 423:437 arg1 nanofibrils 439:449 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 423:449 β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 423:449 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 3 37 theme methylesterification 662:681 arg1 degrees 651:657 different degrees 641:657 different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) 641:704 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 5 38 theme complexes 995:1003 arg1 morphology 975:984 The morphology 971:984 The morphology of these complexes 971:1003 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 5 39 theme pH 1120:1121 arg1 degree 1047:1052 the degree 1043:1052 the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium 1043:1135 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 4 40 theme pectin 887:892 arg1 types 894:898 all pectin types 883:898 all pectin types 883:898 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 4 41 theme methylesterification 942:961 arg1 degree 932:937 a degree 930:937 a degree of methylesterification of 97% 930:968 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 1 42 from material 210:217 arg1 composites 233:242 biological composites 222:242 biological composites 222:242 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 6 43 theme β-lactoglobulin 1380:1394 arg1 nanofibrils 1396:1406 the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 1376:1406 the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils 1376:1406 Interestingly, the pectin with a degree of methylesterification of 86% was found to crosslink the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils into ordered 'nanotapes'. 27422378 6 44 theme methylesterification 1325:1344 arg1 degree 1315:1320 a degree 1313:1320 a degree of methylesterification of 86% 1313:1351 Interestingly, the pectin with a degree of methylesterification of 86% was found to crosslink the β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils into ordered 'nanotapes'. 27422378 4 45 contain having 923:928 arg2 degree 932:937 a degree 930:937 a degree of methylesterification of 97% 930:968 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 4 45 contain having 923:928 arg1 sample 916:921 the sample 912:921 the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97% 912:968 Electrostatic complexes formed between β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils and all pectin types, except for the sample having a degree of methylesterification of 97%. 27422378 5 46 theme electrostatic 1254:1266 arg1 interactions 1268:1279 the electrostatic interactions 1250:1279 the electrostatic interactions 1250:1279 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 2 47 theme methylesterification 582:601 arg1 degree 572:577 their degree 566:577 their degree of methylesterification 566:601 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 5 48 theme distinct 1153:1160 arg1 architectures 1181:1193 distinct desired biological architectures 1153:1193 distinct desired biological architectures 1153:1193 The morphology of these complexes, however, differed significantly with the degree of methylesterification of the pectin, its concentration, and the pH of the medium, revealing that distinct desired biological architectures can be attained relatively easily through manipulating the electrostatic interactions. 27422378 1 49 theme biological 222:231 arg1 composites 233:242 biological composites 222:242 biological composites 222:242 For the optimal use of β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils as a raw material in biological composites an in-depth knowledge of their interactions with other constituents is necessary. 27422378 2 50 theme negative 522:529 arg1 charge 531:536 available negative charge 512:536 available negative charge 512:536 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 3 51 contain possess 781:787 arg1 they 776:779 they 776:779 they 776:779 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 3 51 contain possess 781:787 arg2 charge 804:809 a net positive charge 789:809 a net positive charge 789:809 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 27422378 2 52 theme available 512:520 arg1 charge 531:536 available negative charge 512:536 available negative charge 512:536 To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions on the morphology of resulting complexes, β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils were allowed to interact with pectins in which the amount of available negative charge was controlled by selecting their degree of methylesterification. 27422378 3 53 theme different 641:649 arg1 degrees 651:657 different degrees 641:657 different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) 641:704 In this study, citrus pectins having different degrees of methylesterification (∼48, 67, 86, and 97%) were selected and interacted with nanofibrils at pH 2 and pH 3, where they possess a net positive charge. 26059657 8 0 theme strong 1212:1217 arg1 similarities 1219:1230 strong similarities 1212:1230 strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts 1212:1294 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 6 1 theme control 931:937 arg1 infection 939:947 the control infection 927:947 the control infection 927:947 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 7 2 theme virus 1105:1109 arg1 egress 1111:1116 virus egress 1105:1116 virus egress 1105:1116 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 9 3 theme CyHV-3 1385:1390 arg1 cycle 1404:1408 the CyHV-3 replication cycle 1381:1408 the CyHV-3 replication cycle 1381:1408 The results presented here show that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are important for the CyHV-3 replication cycle especially during entry and egress. 26059657 0 4 theme herpesvirus 68:78 arg1 cycle 94:98 the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle 55:98 the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle 55:98 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle. 26059657 7 5 from impact 1095:1100 arg1 egress 1111:1116 virus egress 1105:1116 virus egress 1105:1116 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 5 6 theme non-treated 594:604 arg1 cells 606:610 Treated and non-treated cells 582:610 Treated and non-treated cells 582:610 Treated and non-treated cells were infected with CyHV-3 and virus binding and infection parameters were assessed using RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry and virus titration. 26059657 2 7 from populations 293:303 arg1 number 257:262 a large number 249:262 a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 249:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 3 8 theme carp 459:462 arg1 cells 464:468 carp cells 459:468 carp cells 459:468 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 4 9 theme brain 529:533 arg1 cells 541:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells 517:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 517:579 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 8 10 theme lipid 1147:1151 arg1 compositions 1153:1164 the lipid compositions 1143:1164 the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions 1143:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 6 11 theme cholesterol 765:775 arg1 entry 810:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 2 12 dep 100 319:321 arg1 to 316:317 to 316:317 to 316:317 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 2 13 from outbreaks 275:283 arg1 populations 293:303 carp populations 288:303 carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 288:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 0 14 theme replication 82:92 arg1 cycle 94:98 the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle 55:98 the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle 55:98 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle. 26059657 6 15 theme virus 866:870 arg1 entry 872:876 virus entry 866:876 virus entry 866:876 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 2 16 theme large 251:255 arg1 number 257:262 a large number 249:262 a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 249:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 4 17 theme CCB 536:538 arg1 cells 541:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells 517:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 517:579 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 8 18 theme lipid 1284:1288 arg1 rafts 1290:1294 the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts 1265:1294 rafts 1290:1294 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 8 19 theme Comparative 1119:1129 arg1 analysis 1131:1138 Comparative analysis 1119:1138 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions 1119:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 2 20 dep mortality 324:332 arg1 % 322:322 % 322:322 % 322:322 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 8 21 theme compositions 1153:1164 arg1 analysis 1131:1138 Comparative analysis 1119:1138 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions 1119:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 6 22 theme cholesterol 840:850 arg1 replenishment 852:864 cholesterol replenishment 840:864 cholesterol replenishment 840:864 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 5 23 theme virus 734:738 arg1 titration 740:748 virus titration 734:748 virus titration 734:748 Treated and non-treated cells were infected with CyHV-3 and virus binding and infection parameters were assessed using RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry and virus titration. 26059657 2 24 dep % 322:322 arg1 100 319:321 100 319:321 100 319:321 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 0 25 theme lipid 17:21 arg1 rafts 23:27 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 0:27 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 0:27 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle. 26059657 9 26 theme lipid 1351:1355 arg1 rafts 1357:1361 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 1334:1361 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 1334:1361 The results presented here show that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are important for the CyHV-3 replication cycle especially during entry and egress. 26059657 3 27 from entry 434:438 arg1 cells 464:468 carp cells 459:468 carp cells 459:468 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 7 28 dep influence 1007:1015 arg1 had 1088:1090 had 1088:1090 had an impact on virus egress 1088:1116 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 0 29 theme Cholesterol-rich 0:15 arg1 rafts 23:27 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 0:27 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 0:27 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle. 26059657 5 30 theme Treated 582:588 arg1 cells 606:610 Treated and non-treated cells 582:610 Treated and non-treated cells 582:610 Treated and non-treated cells were infected with CyHV-3 and virus binding and infection parameters were assessed using RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry and virus titration. 26059657 7 31 theme post-entry 1050:1059 arg1 stage 1073:1077 the subsequent post-entry replication stage 1035:1077 the subsequent post-entry replication stage 1035:1077 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 2 32 theme outbreaks 275:283 arg1 number 257:262 a large number 249:262 a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 249:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 1 33 theme new 156:158 arg1 family 184:189 the new Alloherpesviridae virus family 152:189 the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order 152:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 8 34 theme membrane 1184:1191 arg1 fractions 1193:1201 CCB membrane fractions 1180:1201 CCB membrane fractions 1180:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 5 35 theme virus 642:646 arg1 binding 648:654 virus binding 642:654 virus binding 642:654 Treated and non-treated cells were infected with CyHV-3 and virus binding and infection parameters were assessed using RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry and virus titration. 26059657 3 36 from replication 444:454 arg1 cells 464:468 carp cells 459:468 carp cells 459:468 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 2 37 theme disease 267:273 arg1 outbreaks 275:283 disease outbreaks 267:283 disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 267:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 6 38 theme reduction 777:785 arg1 entry 810:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 1 39 theme Alloherpesviridae 160:176 arg1 family 184:189 the new Alloherpesviridae virus family 152:189 the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order 152:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 8 40 theme CCB 1180:1182 arg1 fractions 1193:1201 CCB membrane fractions 1180:1201 CCB membrane fractions 1180:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 4 41 theme carp 524:527 arg1 cells 541:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells 517:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 517:579 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 6 42 theme subsequent 882:891 arg1 rates 905:909 subsequent replication rates 882:909 subsequent replication rates 882:909 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 1 43 theme virus 178:182 arg1 family 184:189 the new Alloherpesviridae virus family 152:189 the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order 152:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 0 44 theme important 37:45 arg1 role 47:50 an important role 34:50 an important role 34:50 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle. 26059657 4 45 theme common 517:522 arg1 cells 541:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells 517:545 common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 517:579 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 7 46 theme subsequent 1039:1048 arg1 stage 1073:1077 the subsequent post-entry replication stage 1035:1077 the subsequent post-entry replication stage 1035:1077 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 3 47 theme cholesterol-rich 395:410 arg1 rafts 418:422 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 395:422 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 395:422 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 8 48 theme lipid 1244:1248 arg1 composition 1250:1260 the lipid composition 1240:1260 the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts 1240:1294 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 1 49 theme family 184:189 arg1 member 142:147 a member 140:147 a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order 140:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 1 49 theme family 184:189 arg1 herpesvirus 114:124 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 101:126 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) 101:135 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 8 50 theme fractions 1193:1201 arg1 compositions 1153:1164 the lipid compositions 1143:1164 the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions 1143:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 4 51 theme membrane 478:485 arg1 cholesterol 487:497 Plasma membrane cholesterol 471:497 Plasma membrane cholesterol 471:497 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 5 52 theme infection 660:668 arg1 parameters 670:679 infection parameters 660:679 infection parameters 660:679 Treated and non-treated cells were infected with CyHV-3 and virus binding and infection parameters were assessed using RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry and virus titration. 26059657 1 53 from family 184:189 arg1 order 212:216 the Herpesvirales order 194:216 the Herpesvirales order 194:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 3 54 theme lipid 412:416 arg1 rafts 418:422 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 395:422 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 395:422 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 4 55 theme Plasma 471:476 arg1 cholesterol 487:497 Plasma membrane cholesterol 471:497 Plasma membrane cholesterol 471:497 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 1 56 from order 212:216 arg1 member 142:147 a member 140:147 a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order 140:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 1 56 from order 212:216 arg1 herpesvirus 114:124 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 101:126 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) 101:135 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 1 57 theme Cyprinus 105:112 arg1 member 142:147 a member 140:147 a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order 140:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 1 57 theme Cyprinus 105:112 arg1 herpesvirus 114:124 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 101:126 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) 101:135 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 1 57 theme Cyprinus 105:112 arg1 CyHV-3 129:134 CyHV-3 129:134 CyHV-3 129:134 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 3 58 theme study 351:355 arg1 aim 339:341 The aim 335:341 The aim of this study 335:355 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 7 59 theme replication 1061:1071 arg1 stage 1073:1077 the subsequent post-entry replication stage 1035:1077 the subsequent post-entry replication stage 1035:1077 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 6 60 theme entry 810:814 arg1 similar 916:922 similar 916:922 similar 916:922 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 6 60 theme entry 810:814 arg1 effect 755:760 The effect 751:760 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro 751:823 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 4 61 with cells 541:545 arg1 MβCD 575:578 MβCD 575:578 MβCD 575:578 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 4 61 with cells 541:545 arg1 methyl-β-cyclodextrin 552:572 methyl-β-cyclodextrin 552:572 methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 552:579 Plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (CCB) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 26059657 8 62 theme CCB 1280:1282 arg1 rafts 1290:1294 the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts 1265:1294 rafts 1290:1294 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 7 63 theme virus 1017:1021 arg1 binding 1023:1029 virus binding 1017:1029 virus binding 1017:1029 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 6 64 theme virus 804:808 arg1 entry 810:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 9 65 theme cholesterol-rich 1334:1349 arg1 rafts 1357:1361 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 1334:1361 cholesterol-rich lipid rafts 1334:1361 The results presented here show that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are important for the CyHV-3 replication cycle especially during entry and egress. 26059657 3 66 theme CyHV-3 427:432 arg1 entry 434:438 CyHV-3 entry 427:438 CyHV-3 entry 427:438 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 3 67 from requirement 380:390 arg1 replication 444:454 replication 444:454 replication 444:454 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 3 67 from requirement 380:390 arg1 entry 434:438 CyHV-3 entry 427:438 CyHV-3 entry 427:438 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 6 68 theme stunted 796:802 arg1 entry 810:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry 765:814 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 8 69 theme CyHV-3 1169:1174 arg1 compositions 1153:1164 the lipid compositions 1143:1164 the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions 1143:1201 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 7 70 theme cholesterol 963:973 arg1 depletion 975:983 cholesterol depletion 963:983 cholesterol depletion 963:983 Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not significantly influence virus binding and the subsequent post-entry replication stage, however had an impact on virus egress. 26059657 2 71 theme carp 288:291 arg1 populations 293:303 carp populations 288:303 carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 288:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 2 72 from number 257:262 arg1 populations 293:303 carp populations 288:303 carp populations causing up to 100% mortality 288:332 CyHV-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. 26059657 1 73 theme Herpesvirales 198:210 arg1 order 212:216 the Herpesvirales order 194:216 the Herpesvirales order 194:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 26059657 0 74 theme Cyprinid 59:66 arg1 cycle 94:98 the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle 55:98 the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle 55:98 Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle. 26059657 8 75 theme CyHV-3 1269:1274 arg1 composition 1250:1260 the lipid composition 1240:1260 the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts 1240:1294 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 3 76 theme rafts 418:422 arg1 requirement 380:390 the requirement 376:390 the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells 376:468 The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells. 26059657 8 77 theme rafts 1290:1294 arg1 composition 1250:1260 the lipid composition 1240:1260 the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts 1240:1294 Comparative analysis of the lipid compositions of CyHV-3 and CCB membrane fractions revealed strong similarities between the lipid composition of the CyHV-3 and CCB lipid rafts. 26059657 9 78 theme replication 1392:1402 arg1 cycle 1404:1408 the CyHV-3 replication cycle 1381:1408 the CyHV-3 replication cycle 1381:1408 The results presented here show that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are important for the CyHV-3 replication cycle especially during entry and egress. 26059657 6 79 theme replication 893:903 arg1 rates 905:909 subsequent replication rates 882:909 subsequent replication rates 882:909 The effect of cholesterol reduction severely stunted virus entry in vitro, however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection. 26059657 1 80 from member 142:147 arg1 order 212:216 the Herpesvirales order 194:216 the Herpesvirales order 194:216 The Cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the new Alloherpesviridae virus family in the Herpesvirales order. 25666498 0 0 theme complexation 66:77 arg1 stoichiometry 79:91 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 43:91 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 43:91 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 8 1 theme pH 1134:1135 arg1 changes 1137:1143 the pH changes 1130:1143 the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition 1130:1182 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 4 2 theme number 739:744 arg1 mixture 715:721 a mixture 713:721 a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors 713:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 7 3 theme mixture 994:1000 arg1 composition 1002:1012 the selector mixture composition 981:1012 the selector mixture composition 981:1012 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 7 3 theme mixture 994:1000 arg1 constant 1027:1034 constant 1027:1034 constant 1027:1034 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 1 4 theme experimental 135:146 arg1 verification 148:159 experimental verification 135:159 experimental verification 135:159 Application to dual systems and experimental verification. 25666498 11 5 theme native 1820:1825 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 5 theme native 1820:1825 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 1827:1840 native β-cyclodextrin 1820:1840 native β-cyclodextrin 1820:1840 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 8 6 from composition 1172:1182 arg1 changes 1137:1143 the pH changes 1130:1143 the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition 1130:1182 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 3 7 from systems 437:443 arg1 mobility 404:411 the effective mobility 390:411 the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations 390:505 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 8 8 dep constant 1148:1155 arg1 IS 1157:1158 IS 1157:1158 IS 1157:1158 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 10 9 theme dual-selector 1650:1662 arg1 systems 1664:1670 single- and dual-selector systems 1638:1670 single- and dual-selector systems 1638:1670 We show how to switch between the three perspectives in practice and confirm that they can be employed interchangeably according to the specific needs by measurements performed in single- and dual-selector systems at a pH where the analyte is fully dissociated, partly dissociated or fully protonated. 25666498 4 10 theme arbitrary 729:737 arg1 number 739:744 an arbitrary number 726:744 an arbitrary number of selectors 726:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 7 11 theme single 1110:1115 arg1 selector 1117:1124 a single selector 1108:1124 a single selector 1108:1124 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 11 12 dep selectors 1809:1817 arg1 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1876:1913 monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1846:1913 monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1846:1913 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 12 dep selectors 1809:1817 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 1827:1840 native β-cyclodextrin 1820:1840 native β-cyclodextrin 1820:1840 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 12 dep selectors 1809:1817 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 9 13 theme single 1399:1404 arg1 form 1414:1417 virtually a single analyte form 1387:1417 virtually a single analyte form 1387:1417 Varying the mixture composition at constant IS and pH leads to a situation where virtually a single analyte form interacts with a mixture of selectors. 25666498 3 14 theme effective 394:402 arg1 mobility 404:411 the effective mobility 390:411 the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations 390:505 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 3 15 from mobility 404:411 arg1 systems 437:443 these systems 431:443 these systems 431:443 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 10 16 dep specific 1594:1601 arg1 needs 1603:1607 needs 1603:1607 needs 1603:1607 We show how to switch between the three perspectives in practice and confirm that they can be employed interchangeably according to the specific needs by measurements performed in single- and dual-selector systems at a pH where the analyte is fully dissociated, partly dissociated or fully protonated. 25666498 0 17 dep part 94:97 arg1 model 12:16 Generalized model 0:16 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 0:91 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 9 18 theme analyte 1406:1412 arg1 form 1414:1417 virtually a single analyte form 1387:1417 virtually a single analyte form 1387:1417 Varying the mixture composition at constant IS and pH leads to a situation where virtually a single analyte form interacts with a mixture of selectors. 25666498 4 19 theme selectors 749:757 arg1 number 739:744 an arbitrary number 726:744 an arbitrary number of selectors 726:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 8 20 theme analyte 1246:1252 arg1 interacting 1254:1264 a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting 1224:1264 a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector 1224:1287 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 8 21 with interacting 1254:1264 arg1 selector 1280:1287 a single selector 1271:1287 a single selector 1271:1287 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 5 22 theme concept 809:815 arg1 validity 792:799 the validity 788:799 the validity of this concept 788:815 In this work we demonstrate the validity of this concept experimentally. 25666498 0 23 theme Generalized 0:10 arg1 model 12:16 Generalized model 0:16 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 0:91 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 8 24 theme mixture 1164:1170 arg1 composition 1172:1182 mixture composition 1164:1182 mixture composition 1164:1182 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 3 25 from analyte 420:426 arg1 systems 437:443 these systems 431:443 these systems 431:443 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 7 26 theme single 1072:1077 arg1 form 1087:1090 only a single analyte form 1065:1090 only a single analyte form 1065:1090 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 9 27 theme mixture 1318:1324 arg1 composition 1326:1336 the mixture composition 1314:1336 the mixture composition 1314:1336 Varying the mixture composition at constant IS and pH leads to a situation where virtually a single analyte form interacts with a mixture of selectors. 25666498 11 28 theme model 1927:1931 arg1 analyte 1776:1782 Weak monoprotic analyte 1760:1782 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) 1760:1799 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 28 theme model 1927:1931 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 28 theme model 1927:1931 arg1 system 1933:1938 a model system 1925:1938 a model system 1925:1938 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 8 29 theme acidic/basic 1233:1244 arg1 interacting 1254:1264 a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting 1224:1264 a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector 1224:1287 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 3 30 theme analyte 420:426 arg1 mobility 404:411 the effective mobility 390:411 the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations 390:505 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 4 31 theme series 576:581 arg1 part 563:566 the first part 553:566 the first part of this series 553:581 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 6 32 theme useful 859:864 arg1 perspectives 866:877 three useful perspectives 853:877 three useful perspectives 853:877 The theory leads to three useful perspectives, each of which is closely related to the one originally formulated for simpler systems. 25666498 2 33 theme scheme 347:352 arg1 shape 296:300 the shape 292:300 the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme 292:352 Interactions among analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors take the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme. 25666498 0 34 theme electromigration 21:36 arg1 model 12:16 Generalized model 0:16 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 0:91 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 11 35 theme monovalent 1846:1855 arg1 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1876:1913 monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1846:1913 monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1846:1913 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 35 theme monovalent 1846:1855 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 2 36 theme multi-equilibrium 329:345 arg1 scheme 347:352 a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme 305:352 a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme 305:352 Interactions among analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors take the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme. 25666498 4 37 theme acidic/basic/amphoteric 652:674 arg1 analyte 676:682 a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte 631:682 a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors 631:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 11 38 theme Weak 1760:1763 arg1 analyte 1776:1782 Weak monoprotic analyte 1760:1782 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) 1760:1799 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 38 theme Weak 1760:1763 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 38 theme Weak 1760:1763 arg1 system 1933:1938 a model system 1925:1938 a model system 1925:1938 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 38 theme Weak 1760:1763 arg1 R-flurbiprofen 1785:1798 R-flurbiprofen 1785:1798 R-flurbiprofen 1785:1798 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 2 39 theme analyte 181:187 arg1 forms 189:193 analyte forms 181:193 analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors 181:285 Interactions among analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors take the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme. 25666498 2 40 theme interconnected 314:327 arg1 scheme 347:352 a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme 305:352 a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme 305:352 Interactions among analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors take the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme. 25666498 7 41 theme analyte 1079:1085 arg1 form 1087:1090 only a single analyte form 1065:1090 only a single analyte form 1065:1090 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 0 42 theme 1:1 43:45 arg1 stoichiometry 79:91 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 43:91 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 43:91 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 11 43 theme monoprotic 1765:1774 arg1 analyte 1776:1782 Weak monoprotic analyte 1760:1782 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) 1760:1799 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 43 theme monoprotic 1765:1774 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 43 theme monoprotic 1765:1774 arg1 system 1933:1938 a model system 1925:1938 a model system 1925:1938 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 43 theme monoprotic 1765:1774 arg1 R-flurbiprofen 1785:1798 R-flurbiprofen 1785:1798 R-flurbiprofen 1785:1798 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 9 44 dep constant 1341:1348 arg1 IS 1350:1351 IS 1350:1351 IS 1350:1351 Varying the mixture composition at constant IS and pH leads to a situation where virtually a single analyte form interacts with a mixture of selectors. 25666498 10 45 from perspectives 1498:1509 arg1 practice 1514:1521 practice 1514:1521 practice 1514:1521 We show how to switch between the three perspectives in practice and confirm that they can be employed interchangeably according to the specific needs by measurements performed in single- and dual-selector systems at a pH where the analyte is fully dissociated, partly dissociated or fully protonated. 25666498 0 46 dep analyte 48:54 arg1 selector 56:63 selector 56:63 analyte:selector 48:63 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 9 47 theme selectors 1447:1455 arg1 mixture 1436:1442 a mixture 1434:1442 a mixture of selectors 1434:1455 Varying the mixture composition at constant IS and pH leads to a situation where virtually a single analyte form interacts with a mixture of selectors. 25666498 4 48 theme first 557:561 arg1 part 563:566 the first part 553:566 the first part of this series 553:581 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 3 49 theme electrophoretical 477:493 arg1 separations 495:505 electrophoretical separations 477:505 electrophoretical separations 477:505 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 4 50 with complexation 695:706 arg1 mixture 715:721 a mixture 713:721 a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors 713:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 0 51 dep 1:1 43:45 arg1 analyte 48:54 analyte 48:54 analyte:selector 48:63 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 3 52 theme generalized 517:527 arg1 model 529:533 a generalized model 515:533 a generalized model 515:533 This makes it difficult to express the effective mobility of the analyte in these systems, which are often encountered in electrophoretical separations, unless a generalized model is introduced. 25666498 8 53 theme well-established 1197:1212 arg1 models 1214:1219 the already well-established models 1185:1219 the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector 1185:1287 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 2 54 theme simultaneous 208:219 arg1 dissociation/protonation 221:244 simultaneous dissociation/protonation 208:244 simultaneous dissociation/protonation 208:244 Interactions among analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors take the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme. 25666498 0 55 with model 12:16 arg1 stoichiometry 79:91 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 43:91 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry 43:91 Generalized model of electromigration with 1:1 (analyte:selector) complexation stoichiometry: part II. 25666498 8 56 theme single 1273:1278 arg1 selector 1280:1287 a single selector 1271:1287 a single selector 1271:1287 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 8 57 from constant 1148:1155 arg1 changes 1137:1143 the pH changes 1130:1143 the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition 1130:1182 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 4 58 attach presented 587:595 arg2 we 584:585 we 584:585 we 584:585 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 4 58 attach presented 587:595 arg1 part 563:566 the first part 553:566 the first part of this series 553:581 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 10 59 theme single- 1638:1644 arg1 systems 1664:1670 single- and dual-selector systems 1638:1670 single- and dual-selector systems 1638:1670 We show how to switch between the three perspectives in practice and confirm that they can be employed interchangeably according to the specific needs by measurements performed in single- and dual-selector systems at a pH where the analyte is fully dissociated, partly dissociated or fully protonated. 25666498 1 60 theme dual 118:121 arg1 systems 123:129 dual systems 118:129 dual systems 118:129 Application to dual systems and experimental verification. 25666498 4 61 theme electromigration 611:626 arg1 theory 601:606 the theory 597:606 the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors 597:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 4 62 theme analyte 676:682 arg1 electromigration 611:626 electromigration 611:626 electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors 611:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 8 63 theme interacting 1254:1264 arg1 models 1214:1219 the already well-established models 1185:1219 the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector 1185:1287 If the pH changes at constant IS and mixture composition, the already well-established models of a weakly acidic/basic analyte interacting with a single selector can be employed. 25666498 4 64 theme multivalent 633:643 arg1 analyte 676:682 a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte 631:682 a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors 631:757 In the first part of this series, we presented the theory of electromigration of a multivalent weakly acidic/basic/amphoteric analyte undergoing complexation with a mixture of an arbitrary number of selectors. 25666498 6 65 theme simpler 950:956 arg1 systems 958:964 simpler systems 950:964 simpler systems 950:964 The theory leads to three useful perspectives, each of which is closely related to the one originally formulated for simpler systems. 25666498 2 66 theme multiple 268:275 arg1 selectors 277:285 multiple selectors 268:285 multiple selectors 268:285 Interactions among analyte forms that undergo simultaneous dissociation/protonation and complexation with multiple selectors take the shape of a highly interconnected multi-equilibrium scheme. 25666498 7 67 theme selector 985:992 arg1 composition 1002:1012 the selector mixture composition 981:1012 the selector mixture composition 981:1012 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 7 67 theme selector 985:992 arg1 constant 1027:1034 constant 1027:1034 constant 1027:1034 If pH, IS and the selector mixture composition are all kept constant, the system is treated as if only a single analyte form interacted with a single selector. 25666498 11 68 theme charged 1868:1874 arg1 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1876:1913 monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1846:1913 monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin 1846:1913 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 25666498 11 68 theme charged 1868:1874 arg1 selectors 1809:1817 two selectors 1805:1817 two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) 1805:1914 Weak monoprotic analyte (R-flurbiprofen) and two selectors (native β-cyclodextrin and monovalent positively charged 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin) serve as a model system. 27325308 4 0 theme ECM 876:878 arg1 layers 880:885 two ECM layers 872:885 two ECM layers made of collagen and/or Matrigel in four different combinations 872:949 Freshly isolated PHH were cultured for 6 days between two ECM layers made of collagen and/or Matrigel in four different combinations. 27325308 8 1 theme composition 1646:1656 arg1 dependence 1624:1633 dependence 1624:1633 dependence of the ECM composition 1624:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 2 from arrangement 1584:1594 arg1 dependence 1624:1633 dependence 1624:1633 dependence of the ECM composition 1624:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 1 3 theme hepatotoxicity 254:267 arg1 investigation 213:225 investigation 213:225 investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research 213:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 12 4 theme canaliculi 2382:2391 arg1 formation 2393:2401 bile canaliculi formation 2377:2401 bile canaliculi formation 2377:2401 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 12 5 from formation 2393:2401 arg1 cultures 2419:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 1 6 theme pharmaceutical 272:285 arg1 research 287:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 11 7 theme culture 2175:2181 arg1 supernatant 2183:2193 the culture supernatant 2171:2193 the culture supernatant 2171:2193 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 13 8 theme bile 2539:2542 arg1 excretion 2544:2552 bile excretion 2539:2552 bile excretion 2539:2552 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 13 9 theme overlay 2629:2635 arg1 matrix 2637:2642 the overlay matrix 2625:2642 the overlay matrix 2625:2642 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 2 10 from cultivation 347:357 arg1 configuration 380:392 a sandwich configuration 369:392 a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) 369:441 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 11 11 theme CDF 2137:2139 arg1 leakage 2126:2132 a time-dependent leakage 2109:2132 a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant 2109:2193 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 6 12 theme alive 1263:1267 arg1 assay 1269:1273 a fluorescent dead or alive assay 1241:1273 a fluorescent dead or alive assay 1241:1273 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 8 13 from collagen 1451:1458 arg1 compositions 1486:1497 different compositions 1476:1497 different compositions 1476:1497 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 13 from collagen 1451:1458 arg1 cultures 1511:1518 sandwich cultures 1502:1518 sandwich cultures of hepatocytes 1502:1533 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 7 14 theme substance 1411:1419 arg1 CDF 1421:1423 the fluorescent substance CDF 1395:1423 the fluorescent substance CDF 1395:1423 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 0 15 theme composition 126:136 arg1 dependence 87:96 dependence 87:96 dependence of the extracellular matrix composition 87:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 1 16 from hepatotoxicity 254:267 arg1 research 287:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 5 17 theme bile 1109:1112 arg1 formation 1125:1133 bile canaliculi formation 1109:1133 bile canaliculi formation 1109:1133 The cultures were investigated by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis with respect to cell-cell connections, repolarization as well as bile canaliculi formation. 27325308 14 18 theme damaged 2657:2663 arg1 limitation 2692:2701 a limitation 2690:2701 a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies 2690:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 14 18 theme damaged 2657:2663 arg1 canaliculi 2670:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 1 19 dep in 230:231 arg1 vitro 233:237 vitro 233:237 vitro 233:237 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 6 20 theme fluorescent 1243:1253 arg1 assay 1269:1273 a fluorescent dead or alive assay 1241:1273 a fluorescent dead or alive assay 1241:1273 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 11 21 theme time-dependent 2111:2124 arg1 leakage 2126:2132 a time-dependent leakage 2109:2132 a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant 2109:2193 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 3 22 from arrangement 699:709 arg1 cultures 793:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 3 23 theme excretion 757:765 arg1 processes 767:775 bile excretion processes 752:775 bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures 752:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 1 24 from metabolism 239:248 arg1 research 287:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 14 25 theme Leaking 2645:2651 arg1 limitation 2692:2701 a limitation 2690:2701 a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies 2690:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 14 25 theme Leaking 2645:2651 arg1 canaliculi 2670:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 2 26 theme cell-matrix 557:567 arg1 interactions 569:580 cell-matrix interactions 557:580 cell-matrix interactions 557:580 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 1 27 theme human 147:151 arg1 standard 200:207 standard 200:207 standard 200:207 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 1 27 theme human 147:151 arg1 PHH 166:168 PHH 166:168 PHH 166:168 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 1 27 theme human 147:151 arg1 hepatocytes 153:163 Primary human hepatocytes 139:163 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) 139:169 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 8 28 theme sandwich 1502:1509 arg1 cultures 1511:1518 sandwich cultures 1502:1518 sandwich cultures of hepatocytes 1502:1533 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 6 29 theme XTT 1227:1229 arg1 assay 1231:1235 the XTT assay 1223:1235 the XTT assay 1223:1235 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 3 30 theme sandwich 784:791 arg1 cultures 793:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 0 31 theme sandwich-cultured 54:70 arg1 hepatocytes 72:82 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 51:82 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition 51:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 3 32 theme study 606:610 arg1 aim 587:589 The aim 583:589 The aim of the present study 583:610 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 10 33 theme Matrigel 1996:2003 arg1 layer 1987:1991 a layer 1985:1991 a layer of Matrigel 1985:2003 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 9 34 theme formation 1785:1793 arg1 terms 1776:1780 terms 1776:1780 terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement 1776:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 14 35 from limitation 2692:2701 arg1 studies 2770:2776 long-term excretion studies 2750:2776 long-term excretion studies 2750:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 13 36 theme hepatocytes 2587:2597 arg1 excretion 2544:2552 bile excretion 2539:2552 bile excretion 2539:2552 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 13 36 theme hepatocytes 2587:2597 arg1 leakage 2558:2564 leakage 2558:2564 leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 2558:2597 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 9 37 theme trabecular 1798:1807 arg1 arrangement 1814:1824 trabecular cell arrangement 1798:1824 trabecular cell arrangement 1798:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 10 38 theme canalicular 2068:2078 arg1 network 2080:2086 the most branched and stable canalicular network 2039:2086 the most branched and stable canalicular network 2039:2086 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 9 39 theme arrangement 1814:1824 arg1 formation 1785:1793 formation 1785:1793 formation of trabecular cell arrangement 1785:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 11 40 theme bile 2150:2153 arg1 canaliculi 2155:2164 the bile canaliculi 2146:2164 the bile canaliculi 2146:2164 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 0 41 theme extracellular 105:117 arg1 composition 126:136 the extracellular matrix composition 101:136 the extracellular matrix composition 101:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 5 42 theme contrast 992:999 arg1 microscopy 1001:1010 phase contrast microscopy 986:1010 phase contrast microscopy 986:1010 The cultures were investigated by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis with respect to cell-cell connections, repolarization as well as bile canaliculi formation. 27325308 7 43 from secretion 1365:1373 arg1 canaliculi 1433:1442 bile canaliculi 1428:1442 bile canaliculi 1428:1442 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 11 44 from variations 2200:2209 arg1 combination 2244:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 11 44 from variations 2200:2209 arg1 dependence 2214:2223 dependence 2214:2223 dependence on the used matrix combination 2214:2254 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 2 45 theme sandwich 371:378 arg1 configuration 380:392 a sandwich configuration 369:392 a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) 369:441 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 0 46 theme Bile 0:3 arg1 formation 16:24 formation 16:24 formation 16:24 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 0 46 theme Bile 0:3 arg1 transport 38:46 biliary transport 30:46 biliary transport 30:46 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 0 46 theme Bile 0:3 arg1 canaliculi 5:14 Bile canaliculi 0:14 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 0:137 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 3 47 dep morphology 678:687 arg1 formation 731:739 formation 731:739 formation 731:739 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 7 48 from accumulation 1379:1390 arg1 canaliculi 1433:1442 bile canaliculi 1428:1442 bile canaliculi 1428:1442 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 7 49 theme cell 1337:1340 arg1 imaging 1342:1348 live cell imaging 1332:1348 live cell imaging 1332:1348 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 14 50 theme models 2740:2745 arg1 limitation 2692:2701 a limitation 2690:2701 a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies 2690:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 14 50 theme models 2740:2745 arg1 canaliculi 2670:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 2 51 theme extracellular 416:428 arg1 ECM 438:440 ECM 438:440 ECM 438:440 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 2 51 theme extracellular 416:428 arg1 matrix 430:435 extracellular matrix 416:435 extracellular matrix (ECM) 416:441 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 11 52 theme used 2232:2235 arg1 combination 2244:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 10 53 theme abundant 1898:1905 arg1 canaliculi 1912:1921 abundant bile canaliculi 1898:1921 abundant bile canaliculi 1898:1921 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 4 54 theme isolated 826:833 arg1 PHH 835:837 Freshly isolated PHH 818:837 Freshly isolated PHH 818:837 Freshly isolated PHH were cultured for 6 days between two ECM layers made of collagen and/or Matrigel in four different combinations. 27325308 0 55 theme biliary 30:36 arg1 transport 38:46 biliary transport 30:46 biliary transport 30:46 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 0 55 theme biliary 30:36 arg1 canaliculi 5:14 Bile canaliculi 0:14 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 0:137 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 12 56 from impact 2333:2338 arg1 morphology 2347:2356 morphology 2347:2356 morphology 2347:2356 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 12 56 from impact 2333:2338 arg1 assembly 2364:2371 cell assembly 2359:2371 cell assembly 2359:2371 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 12 56 from impact 2333:2338 arg1 formation 2393:2401 bile canaliculi formation 2377:2401 bile canaliculi formation 2377:2401 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 14 57 theme long-term 2750:2758 arg1 studies 2770:2776 long-term excretion studies 2750:2776 long-term excretion studies 2750:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 8 58 theme cell 1600:1603 arg1 activity 1605:1612 cell activity 1600:1612 cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition 1600:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 9 59 dep in 1745:1746 arg1 vivo 1748:1751 vivo 1748:1751 vivo 1748:1751 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 5 60 theme cell-cell 1060:1068 arg1 connections 1070:1080 cell-cell connections 1060:1080 cell-cell connections 1060:1080 The cultures were investigated by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis with respect to cell-cell connections, repolarization as well as bile canaliculi formation. 27325308 6 61 theme ECM 1157:1159 arg1 composition 1161:1171 the ECM composition 1153:1171 the ECM composition 1153:1171 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 14 62 theme sandwich 2723:2730 arg1 models 2740:2745 the investigated sandwich culture models 2706:2745 the investigated sandwich culture models 2706:2745 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 12 63 contain has 2326:2328 arg1 choice 2312:2317 the choice 2308:2317 the choice of ECM 2308:2324 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 12 63 contain has 2326:2328 arg2 impact 2333:2338 an impact 2330:2338 an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures 2330:2426 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 3 64 theme ECM 658:660 arg1 compositions 662:673 different ECM compositions 648:673 different ECM compositions 648:673 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 0 65 theme 3D 51:52 arg1 hepatocytes 72:82 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 51:82 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition 51:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 9 66 theme Sandwich-cultured 1659:1675 arg1 hepatocytes 1677:1687 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 1659:1687 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen 1659:1716 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 12 67 theme PHH 2406:2408 arg1 cultures 2419:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 11 68 from dependence 2214:2223 arg1 combination 2244:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 9 69 with hepatocytes 1677:1687 arg1 an 1694:1695 an 1694:1695 an 1694:1695 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 8 70 from activity 1605:1612 arg1 dependence 1624:1633 dependence 1624:1633 dependence of the ECM composition 1624:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 71 theme ECM 1642:1644 arg1 composition 1646:1656 the ECM composition 1638:1656 the ECM composition 1638:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 9 72 theme in 1745:1746 arg1 architecture 1760:1771 the best in vivo tissue architecture 1736:1771 the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement 1736:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 10 73 theme bile 1934:1937 arg1 canaliculi 1939:1948 the bile canaliculi 1930:1948 the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen 1930:2030 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 13 74 theme sandwich-cultured 2569:2585 arg1 hepatocytes 2587:2597 sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 2569:2597 sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 2569:2597 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 12 75 dep morphology 2347:2356 arg1 the 2343:2345 the 2343:2345 the 2343:2345 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 12 76 theme bile 2377:2380 arg1 formation 2393:2401 bile canaliculi formation 2377:2401 bile canaliculi formation 2377:2401 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 3 77 from influence 635:643 arg1 processes 767:775 bile excretion processes 752:775 bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures 752:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 3 77 from influence 635:643 arg1 morphology 678:687 morphology 678:687 morphology 678:687 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 3 77 from influence 635:643 arg1 arrangement 699:709 cellular arrangement 690:709 cellular arrangement 690:709 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 3 77 from influence 635:643 arg1 canaliculi 720:729 bile canaliculi 715:729 bile canaliculi 715:729 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 6 78 theme composition 1161:1171 arg1 influence 1140:1148 The influence 1136:1148 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability 1136:1202 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 3 79 theme bile 715:718 arg1 canaliculi 720:729 bile canaliculi 715:729 bile canaliculi 715:729 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 1 80 from research 287:294 arg1 investigation 213:225 investigation 213:225 investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research 213:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 12 81 theme ECM 2322:2324 arg1 choice 2312:2317 the choice 2308:2317 the choice of ECM 2308:2324 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 10 82 with overlaid 1836:1843 arg1 collagen 1850:1857 collagen 1850:1857 collagen 1850:1857 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 12 83 from assembly 2364:2371 arg1 cultures 2419:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 7 84 theme bile 1428:1431 arg1 canaliculi 1433:1442 bile canaliculi 1428:1442 bile canaliculi 1428:1442 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 3 85 from canaliculi 720:729 arg1 cultures 793:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 3 86 theme bile 752:755 arg1 processes 767:775 bile excretion processes 752:775 bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures 752:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 10 87 from network 1950:1956 arg1 hepatocytes 1961:1971 hepatocytes 1961:1971 hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel 1961:2003 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 2 88 theme cell-cell 534:542 arg1 contacts 544:551 cell-cell contacts 534:551 cell-cell contacts 534:551 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 7 89 theme CDF 1421:1423 arg1 secretion 1365:1373 secretion 1365:1373 secretion 1365:1373 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 7 89 theme CDF 1421:1423 arg1 accumulation 1379:1390 accumulation 1379:1390 accumulation 1379:1390 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 3 90 from morphology 678:687 arg1 cultures 793:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 7 91 theme canalicular 1294:1304 arg1 transport 1306:1314 the bile canalicular transport 1285:1314 the bile canalicular transport 1285:1314 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 7 92 dep secretion 1365:1373 arg1 the 1361:1363 the 1361:1363 the 1361:1363 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 14 93 theme bile 2665:2668 arg1 limitation 2692:2701 a limitation 2690:2701 a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies 2690:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 14 93 theme bile 2665:2668 arg1 canaliculi 2670:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi 2645:2679 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 4 94 theme different 928:936 arg1 combinations 938:949 four different combinations 923:949 four different combinations 923:949 Freshly isolated PHH were cultured for 6 days between two ECM layers made of collagen and/or Matrigel in four different combinations. 27325308 0 95 from hepatocytes 72:82 arg1 dependence 87:96 dependence 87:96 dependence of the extracellular matrix composition 87:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 6 96 theme dead 1255:1258 arg1 assay 1269:1273 a fluorescent dead or alive assay 1241:1273 a fluorescent dead or alive assay 1241:1273 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 3 97 theme PHH 780:782 arg1 cultures 793:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 5 98 theme canaliculi 1114:1123 arg1 formation 1125:1133 bile canaliculi formation 1109:1133 bile canaliculi formation 1109:1133 The cultures were investigated by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis with respect to cell-cell connections, repolarization as well as bile canaliculi formation. 27325308 10 99 theme overlaid 1836:1843 arg1 Cultures 1827:1834 Cultures 1827:1834 Cultures overlaid with collagen 1827:1857 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 1 100 from investigation 213:225 arg1 research 287:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 pharmaceutical research 272:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 9 101 theme tissue 1753:1758 arg1 architecture 1760:1771 the best in vivo tissue architecture 1736:1771 the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement 1736:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 11 102 from canaliculi 2155:2164 arg1 leakage 2126:2132 a time-dependent leakage 2109:2132 a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant 2109:2193 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 1 103 theme Primary 139:145 arg1 standard 200:207 standard 200:207 standard 200:207 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 1 103 theme Primary 139:145 arg1 PHH 166:168 PHH 166:168 PHH 166:168 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 1 103 theme Primary 139:145 arg1 hepatocytes 153:163 Primary human hepatocytes 139:163 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) 139:169 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 6 104 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 activity 1181:1188 cell activity 1176:1188 cell activity 1176:1188 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 9 105 from architecture 1760:1771 arg1 terms 1776:1780 terms 1776:1780 terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement 1776:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 10 106 with overlaid 2009:2016 arg1 collagen 2023:2030 collagen 2023:2030 collagen 2023:2030 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 10 107 theme branched 2048:2055 arg1 network 2080:2086 the most branched and stable canalicular network 2039:2086 the most branched and stable canalicular network 2039:2086 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 3 108 theme present 598:604 arg1 study 606:610 the present study 594:610 the present study 594:610 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 8 109 theme hepatocytes 1523:1533 arg1 cultures 1511:1518 sandwich cultures 1502:1518 sandwich cultures of hepatocytes 1502:1533 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 110 from Matrigel 1464:1471 arg1 compositions 1486:1497 different compositions 1476:1497 different compositions 1476:1497 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 110 from Matrigel 1464:1471 arg1 cultures 1511:1518 sandwich cultures 1502:1518 sandwich cultures of hepatocytes 1502:1533 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 13 111 theme underlaying 2513:2523 arg1 matrix 2525:2530 the underlaying matrix 2509:2530 the underlaying matrix 2509:2530 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 0 112 from canaliculi 5:14 arg1 hepatocytes 72:82 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes 51:82 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition 51:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 3 113 from processes 767:775 arg1 cultures 793:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 PHH sandwich cultures 780:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 9 114 theme cell 1809:1812 arg1 arrangement 1814:1824 trabecular cell arrangement 1798:1824 trabecular cell arrangement 1798:1824 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 12 115 theme study 2292:2296 arg1 results 2276:2282 the results 2272:2282 the results of this study 2272:2296 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 10 116 theme stable 2061:2066 arg1 network 2080:2086 the most branched and stable canalicular network 2039:2086 the most branched and stable canalicular network 2039:2086 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 0 117 theme matrix 119:124 arg1 composition 126:136 the extracellular matrix composition 101:136 the extracellular matrix composition 101:136 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 5 118 theme phase 986:990 arg1 microscopy 1001:1010 phase contrast microscopy 986:1010 phase contrast microscopy 986:1010 The cultures were investigated by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis with respect to cell-cell connections, repolarization as well as bile canaliculi formation. 27325308 9 119 dep an 1694:1695 arg1 underlay 1697:1704 underlay 1697:1704 underlay 1697:1704 Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes with an underlay of collagen seem to represent the best in vivo tissue architecture in terms of formation of trabecular cell arrangement. 27325308 7 120 theme live 1332:1335 arg1 imaging 1342:1348 live cell imaging 1332:1348 live cell imaging 1332:1348 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 8 121 theme cellular 1575:1582 arg1 arrangement 1584:1594 cellular arrangement 1575:1594 cellular arrangement 1575:1594 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 10 122 theme canaliculi 1912:1921 arg1 formation 1885:1893 the formation 1881:1893 the formation of abundant bile canaliculi 1881:1921 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 2 123 dep three-dimensional 324:340 arg1 3D 343:344 3D 343:344 3D 343:344 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 12 124 from morphology 2347:2356 arg1 cultures 2419:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 0 125 dep canaliculi 5:14 arg1 formation 16:24 formation 16:24 formation 16:24 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 0 125 dep canaliculi 5:14 arg1 transport 38:46 biliary transport 30:46 biliary transport 30:46 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 0 125 dep canaliculi 5:14 arg1 canaliculi 5:14 Bile canaliculi 0:14 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 0:137 Bile canaliculi formation and biliary transport in 3D sandwich-cultured hepatocytes in dependence of the extracellular matrix composition. 27325308 2 126 theme matrix 430:435 arg1 layers 406:411 two layers 402:411 two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) 402:441 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 13 127 theme multicellular 2452:2464 arg1 arrangement 2466:2476 the multicellular arrangement 2448:2476 the multicellular arrangement 2448:2476 The morphology and the multicellular arrangement were essentially influenced by the underlaying matrix, while bile excretion and leakage of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were mainly influenced by the overlay matrix. 27325308 10 128 theme bile 1907:1910 arg1 canaliculi 1912:1921 abundant bile canaliculi 1898:1921 abundant bile canaliculi 1898:1921 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 8 129 from morphology 1563:1572 arg1 dependence 1624:1633 dependence 1624:1633 dependence of the ECM composition 1624:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 11 130 from combination 2244:2254 arg1 variations 2200:2209 variations 2200:2209 variations in dependence on the used matrix combination 2200:2254 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 14 131 theme excretion 2760:2768 arg1 studies 2770:2776 long-term excretion studies 2750:2776 long-term excretion studies 2750:2776 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 11 132 theme matrix 2237:2242 arg1 combination 2244:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 the used matrix combination 2228:2254 All cultures showed a time-dependent leakage of CDF from the bile canaliculi into the culture supernatant with variations in dependence on the used matrix combination. 27325308 10 133 dep canaliculi 1939:1948 arg1 network 1950:1956 network 1950:1956 network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel 1950:2003 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 10 133 dep canaliculi 1939:1948 arg1 overlaid 2009:2016 overlaid 2009:2016 overlaid 2009:2016 Cultures overlaid with collagen were characterized by the formation of abundant bile canaliculi, while the bile canaliculi network in hepatocytes cultured on a layer of Matrigel and overlaid with collagen showed the most branched and stable canalicular network. 27325308 8 134 from differences 1548:1558 arg1 arrangement 1584:1594 cellular arrangement 1575:1594 cellular arrangement 1575:1594 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 134 from differences 1548:1558 arg1 activity 1605:1612 cell activity 1600:1612 cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition 1600:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 134 from differences 1548:1558 arg1 morphology 1563:1572 morphology 1563:1572 morphology 1563:1572 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 7 135 theme bile 1289:1292 arg1 transport 1306:1314 the bile canalicular transport 1285:1314 the bile canalicular transport 1285:1314 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 2 136 theme vivo 524:527 arg1 formation 508:516 formation 508:516 formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions 508:580 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 8 137 theme PHH 1617:1619 arg1 arrangement 1584:1594 cellular arrangement 1575:1594 cellular arrangement 1575:1594 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 137 theme PHH 1617:1619 arg1 activity 1605:1612 cell activity 1600:1612 cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition 1600:1656 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 8 137 theme PHH 1617:1619 arg1 morphology 1563:1572 morphology 1563:1572 morphology 1563:1572 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 3 138 theme compositions 662:673 arg1 influence 635:643 the influence 631:643 the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures 631:800 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 12 139 theme cell 2359:2362 arg1 assembly 2364:2371 cell assembly 2359:2371 cell assembly 2359:2371 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 8 140 theme different 1476:1484 arg1 compositions 1486:1497 different compositions 1476:1497 different compositions 1476:1497 Using collagen and Matrigel in different compositions in sandwich cultures of hepatocytes, we observed differences in morphology, cellular arrangement and cell activity of PHH in dependence of the ECM composition. 27325308 7 141 theme fluorescent 1399:1409 arg1 CDF 1421:1423 the fluorescent substance CDF 1395:1423 the fluorescent substance CDF 1395:1423 Finally, the bile canalicular transport was analyzed by live cell imaging to monitor the secretion and accumulation of the fluorescent substance CDF in bile canaliculi. 27325308 14 142 theme culture 2732:2738 arg1 models 2740:2745 the investigated sandwich culture models 2706:2745 the investigated sandwich culture models 2706:2745 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 3 143 theme different 648:656 arg1 compositions 662:673 different ECM compositions 648:673 different ECM compositions 648:673 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 2 144 theme three-dimensional 324:340 arg1 cultivation 347:357 the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation 320:357 the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) 320:441 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 1 145 theme in 230:231 arg1 metabolism 239:248 metabolism 239:248 metabolism 239:248 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 27325308 5 146 theme immunofluorescence 1016:1033 arg1 analysis 1035:1042 immunofluorescence analysis 1016:1042 immunofluorescence analysis 1016:1042 The cultures were investigated by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis with respect to cell-cell connections, repolarization as well as bile canaliculi formation. 27325308 14 147 theme investigated 2710:2721 arg1 models 2740:2745 the investigated sandwich culture models 2706:2745 the investigated sandwich culture models 2706:2745 Leaking and damaged bile canaliculi could be a limitation of the investigated sandwich culture models in long-term excretion studies. 27325308 12 148 theme sandwich 2410:2417 arg1 cultures 2419:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 PHH sandwich cultures 2406:2426 In conclusion, the results of this study show that the choice of ECM has an impact on the morphology, cell assembly and bile canaliculi formation in PHH sandwich cultures. 27325308 3 149 theme cellular 690:697 arg1 arrangement 699:709 cellular arrangement 690:709 cellular arrangement 690:709 The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different ECM compositions on morphology, cellular arrangement and bile canaliculi formation as well as bile excretion processes in PHH sandwich cultures systematically. 27325308 6 150 from influence 1140:1148 arg1 activity 1181:1188 cell activity 1176:1188 cell activity 1176:1188 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 6 150 from influence 1140:1148 arg1 viability 1194:1202 viability 1194:1202 viability 1194:1202 The influence of the ECM composition on cell activity and viability was measured using the XTT assay and a fluorescent dead or alive assay. 27325308 2 151 theme PHH 362:364 arg1 cultivation 347:357 the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation 320:357 the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) 320:441 It has been shown that the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of PHH in a sandwich configuration between two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) enables the hepatocytes to adhere three dimensionally leading to formation of in vivo like cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. 27325308 1 152 theme metabolism 239:248 arg1 investigation 213:225 investigation 213:225 investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research 213:294 Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are still considered as gold standard for investigation of in vitro metabolism and hepatotoxicity in pharmaceutical research. 24588564 3 0 theme plasmonic 409:417 arg1 properties 431:440 The plasmonic chiroptical properties 405:440 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films 405:463 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. 24588564 2 1 theme plasmonic 283:291 arg1 activity 305:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 2 2 theme dependent 315:323 arg1 activity 305:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 2 3 theme strong 276:281 arg1 activity 305:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 4 4 theme scalable 576:583 arg1 preparation 604:614 the scalable and cost-efficient preparation 572:614 the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials 572:644 The strategy presented herein paves the way for the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials. 24588564 4 5 theme chiral 629:634 arg1 materials 636:644 plasmonic chiral materials 619:644 plasmonic chiral materials 619:644 The strategy presented herein paves the way for the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials. 24588564 2 6 theme plasmonic 372:380 arg1 properties 382:391 plasmonic properties 372:391 plasmonic properties of the NRs 372:402 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 1 7 theme Chiral 75:80 arg1 films 92:96 Chiral plasmonic films 75:96 Chiral plasmonic films 75:96 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 0 8 theme plasmonic 7:15 arg1 films 17:21 Chiral plasmonic films 0:21 Chiral plasmonic films 0:21 Chiral plasmonic films formed by gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 24588564 3 9 theme preparation 511:521 arg1 conditions 492:501 the conditions 488:501 the conditions of film preparation 488:521 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. 24588564 1 10 theme plasmonic 82:90 arg1 films 92:96 Chiral plasmonic films 75:96 Chiral plasmonic films 75:96 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 1 11 theme macroscopic 159:169 arg1 film 183:186 a macroscopic cholesteric film 157:186 a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 157:241 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 0 12 theme Chiral 0:5 arg1 films 17:21 Chiral plasmonic films 0:21 Chiral plasmonic films 0:21 Chiral plasmonic films formed by gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 24588564 1 13 theme cholesteric 171:181 arg1 film 183:186 a macroscopic cholesteric film 157:186 a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 157:241 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 3 14 theme films 459:463 arg1 properties 431:440 The plasmonic chiroptical properties 405:440 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films 405:463 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. 24588564 2 15 theme chiroptical 293:303 arg1 activity 305:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 strong plasmonic chiroptical activity 276:312 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 3 16 theme film 506:509 arg1 preparation 511:521 film preparation 506:521 film preparation 506:521 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. 24588564 0 17 theme gold 33:36 arg1 nanorods 38:45 gold nanorods 33:45 gold nanorods 33:45 Chiral plasmonic films formed by gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 24588564 3 18 theme chiroptical 419:429 arg1 properties 431:440 The plasmonic chiroptical properties 405:440 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films 405:463 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. 24588564 2 19 theme NRs 400:402 arg1 properties 382:391 plasmonic properties 372:391 plasmonic properties of the NRs 372:402 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 2 19 theme NRs 400:402 arg1 properties 341:350 the photonic properties 328:350 the photonic properties of the CNC host 328:366 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 1 20 theme self-assembled 198:211 arg1 CNCs 237:240 CNCs 237:240 CNCs 237:240 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 1 20 theme self-assembled 198:211 arg1 nanocrystals 223:234 self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals 198:234 self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 198:241 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 2 21 theme photonic 332:339 arg1 properties 341:350 the photonic properties 328:350 the photonic properties of the CNC host 328:366 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 2 22 theme NR-CNC 254:259 arg1 films 261:265 Composite NR-CNC films 244:265 Composite NR-CNC films 244:265 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 1 23 theme cellulose 213:221 arg1 CNCs 237:240 CNCs 237:240 CNCs 237:240 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 1 23 theme cellulose 213:221 arg1 nanocrystals 223:234 self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals 198:234 self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 198:241 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 2 24 theme Composite 244:252 arg1 films 261:265 Composite NR-CNC films 244:265 Composite NR-CNC films 244:265 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 1 25 theme gold 134:137 arg1 NRs 149:151 NRs 149:151 NRs 149:151 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 1 25 theme gold 134:137 arg1 nanorods 139:146 gold nanorods 134:146 gold nanorods (NRs) 134:152 Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 24588564 4 26 theme cost-efficient 589:602 arg1 preparation 604:614 the scalable and cost-efficient preparation 572:614 the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials 572:644 The strategy presented herein paves the way for the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials. 24588564 3 27 theme composite 449:457 arg1 films 459:463 the composite films 445:463 the composite films 445:463 The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. 24588564 4 28 theme materials 636:644 arg1 preparation 604:614 the scalable and cost-efficient preparation 572:614 the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials 572:644 The strategy presented herein paves the way for the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials. 24588564 2 29 theme host 363:366 arg1 properties 382:391 plasmonic properties 372:391 plasmonic properties of the NRs 372:402 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 2 29 theme host 363:366 arg1 properties 341:350 the photonic properties 328:350 the photonic properties of the CNC host 328:366 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 24588564 4 30 theme plasmonic 619:627 arg1 materials 636:644 plasmonic chiral materials 619:644 plasmonic chiral materials 619:644 The strategy presented herein paves the way for the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials. 24588564 0 31 theme cellulose 51:59 arg1 nanocrystals 61:72 cellulose nanocrystals 51:72 cellulose nanocrystals 51:72 Chiral plasmonic films formed by gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 24588564 2 32 theme CNC 359:361 arg1 host 363:366 the CNC host 355:366 the CNC host 355:366 Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. 28006673 5 0 with pores 684:688 arg1 radius 695:700 radius ≤10nm 695:706 radius ≤10nm 695:706 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 6 1 theme agarose 846:852 arg1 content 854:860 agarose content 846:860 agarose content of the beads 846:873 According to VSM results, magnetization degree was one of the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads. 28006673 15 2 dep had 1610:1612 arg1 0.11 1626:1629 0.11 1626:1629 0.11 1626:1629 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 12 3 contain had 1380:1382 arg1 % 1370:1370 magnetic 4%-agarose 1360:1378 magnetic 4%-agarose 1360:1378 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 12 3 contain had 1380:1382 arg2 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 12 3 contain had 1380:1382 arg2 amount 1406:1411 the highest adsorbing amount 1384:1411 the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL) 1384:1423 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 7 4 theme dye 878:880 arg1 F3GA 904:907 Cibacron Blue F3GA 890:907 Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) 890:912 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 7 4 theme dye 878:880 arg1 ligand 882:887 A dye ligand 876:887 A dye ligand 876:887 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 10 5 theme % 1169:1169 arg1 beads 1179:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 2 6 theme agarose 288:294 arg1 beads 296:300 agarose beads 288:300 agarose beads 288:300 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 1 7 theme matrices 177:184 arg1 series 134:139 a series 132:139 a series of magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 132:184 In this work, a series of magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices were fabricated for protein purification. 28006673 12 8 theme adsorbing 1396:1404 arg1 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 12 8 theme adsorbing 1396:1404 arg1 amount 1406:1411 the highest adsorbing amount 1384:1411 the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL) 1384:1423 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 15 9 theme magnetic 1595:1602 arg1 beads 1604:1608 all magnetic beads 1591:1608 all magnetic beads 1591:1608 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 13 10 theme dynamic 1513:1519 arg1 capacity 1521:1528 higher dynamic capacity 1506:1528 higher dynamic capacity 1506:1528 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 12 11 theme magnetic 1360:1367 arg1 % 1370:1370 magnetic 4%-agarose 1360:1378 magnetic 4%-agarose 1360:1378 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 11 12 theme dynamic 1311:1317 arg1 capacity 1327:1334 dynamic binding capacity 1311:1334 dynamic binding capacity 1311:1334 Moreover, breakthrough curves were monitored to calculate dynamic binding capacity. 28006673 5 13 theme specific 732:739 arg1 area 741:744 higher specific area 725:744 higher specific area 725:744 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 2 14 theme composite 310:318 arg1 matrices 329:336 composite magnetic matrices 310:336 composite magnetic matrices 310:336 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 1 15 theme protein 206:212 arg1 purification 214:225 protein purification 206:225 protein purification 206:225 In this work, a series of magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices were fabricated for protein purification. 28006673 2 16 theme Certain 228:234 arg1 amounts 236:242 Certain amounts 228:242 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles 228:265 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 2 16 theme Certain 228:234 arg1 nanoparticles 253:265 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 247:265 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 247:265 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 14 17 theme Plus 1531:1534 arg1 efficiency 1544:1553 Plus, column efficiency 1531:1553 efficiency 1544:1553 Plus, column efficiency was evaluated. 28006673 10 18 theme affinity 1201:1208 arg1 result 1151:1156 a result 1149:1156 a result 1149:1156 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 10 18 theme affinity 1201:1208 arg1 capacity 1221:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 0 19 theme micro 79:83 arg1 beads 85:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads 37:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 37:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 2 20 theme nanoparticles 253:265 arg1 amounts 236:242 Certain amounts 228:242 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles 228:265 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 2 20 theme nanoparticles 253:265 arg1 nanoparticles 253:265 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 247:265 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 247:265 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 7 21 theme serum 962:966 arg1 albumin 968:974 Bovine serum albumin 955:974 Bovine serum albumin 955:974 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 1 22 theme magnetic 144:151 arg1 matrices 177:184 magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 144:184 magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 144:184 In this work, a series of magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices were fabricated for protein purification. 28006673 13 23 from diffusion 1451:1459 arg1 % 1474:1474 magnetic 4%-agarose 1464:1482 magnetic 4%-agarose 1464:1482 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 10 24 theme static 1233:1238 arg1 experiments 1240:1250 static experiments 1233:1250 static experiments 1233:1250 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 15 25 theme -agarose 1673:1680 arg1 beads 1682:1686 magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads 1652:1686 magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads 1652:1686 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 8 26 theme elemental 1012:1020 arg1 analysis 1022:1029 elemental analysis 1012:1029 elemental analysis 1012:1029 CB concentration was determined by elemental analysis. 28006673 1 27 theme nonmagnetic 157:167 arg1 matrices 177:184 magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 144:184 magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 144:184 In this work, a series of magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices were fabricated for protein purification. 28006673 4 28 theme spherical 545:553 arg1 shape 555:559 regular spherical shape 537:559 regular spherical shape 537:559 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 9 29 theme magnetic 1050:1057 arg1 beads 1059:1063 magnetic beads 1050:1063 magnetic beads 1050:1063 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 15 30 theme magnetic 1652:1659 arg1 beads 1682:1686 magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads 1652:1686 magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads 1652:1686 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 13 31 theme pore 1446:1449 arg1 diffusion 1451:1459 pore diffusion 1446:1459 pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose 1446:1482 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 13 31 theme pore 1446:1449 arg1 reason 1495:1500 the reason 1491:1500 the reason for higher dynamic capacity 1491:1528 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 4 32 theme prepared 515:522 arg1 matrices 524:531 The prepared matrices 511:531 The prepared matrices 511:531 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 9 33 theme CB 1077:1078 arg1 concentrations 1080:1093 higher CB concentrations 1070:1093 higher CB concentrations 1070:1093 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 3 34 theme electron 460:467 arg1 microscopes 469:479 optical and scanning electron microscopes 439:479 optical and scanning electron microscopes 439:479 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 3 35 theme prepared 405:412 arg1 matrices 414:421 prepared matrices 405:421 prepared matrices 405:421 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 4 36 theme uniform 576:582 arg1 distribution 589:600 a uniform size distribution 574:600 a uniform size distribution 574:600 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 3 37 theme BET-BJH 493:499 arg1 analysis 501:508 BET-BJH analysis 493:508 BET-BJH analysis 493:508 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 15 38 contain had 1610:1612 arg1 beads 1604:1608 all magnetic beads 1591:1608 all magnetic beads 1591:1608 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 15 38 contain had 1610:1612 arg2 HETP 1620:1623 lower HETP 1614:1623 lower HETP 1614:1623 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 0 39 theme affinity 37:44 arg1 beads 85:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads 37:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 37:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 5 40 dep decreased 654:662 arg1 achieved 746:753 achieved 746:753 achieved 746:753 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 6 41 theme magnetization 782:794 arg1 degree 796:801 magnetization degree 782:801 magnetization degree 782:801 According to VSM results, magnetization degree was one of the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads. 28006673 0 42 theme composite 61:69 arg1 beads 85:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads 37:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 37:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 6 43 theme beads 869:873 arg1 content 854:860 agarose content 846:860 agarose content of the beads 846:873 According to VSM results, magnetization degree was one of the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads. 28006673 9 44 theme specific 1131:1138 arg1 area 1140:1143 higher specific area 1124:1143 higher specific area 1124:1143 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 2 45 theme purification 352:363 arg1 efficiency 365:374 enhanced purification efficiency 343:374 enhanced purification efficiency 343:374 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 10 46 theme 8 1168:1168 arg1 % 1169:1169 % 1169:1169 % 1169:1169 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 5 47 theme pores 684:688 arg1 population 670:679 population 670:679 population of pores with radius ≤10nm 670:706 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 4 48 contain had 533:535 arg2 shape 555:559 regular spherical shape 537:559 regular spherical shape 537:559 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 4 48 contain had 533:535 arg1 matrices 524:531 The prepared matrices 511:531 The prepared matrices 511:531 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 7 49 theme Cibacron 890:897 arg1 CB 910:911 CB 910:911 CB 910:911 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 7 49 theme Cibacron 890:897 arg1 F3GA 904:907 Cibacron Blue F3GA 890:907 Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) 890:912 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 7 49 theme Cibacron 890:897 arg1 ligand 882:887 A dye ligand 876:887 A dye ligand 876:887 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 10 50 theme -agarose 1170:1177 arg1 beads 1179:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 12 51 theme highest 1388:1394 arg1 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 6.00mg/mL 1414:1422 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 12 51 theme highest 1388:1394 arg1 amount 1406:1411 the highest adsorbing amount 1384:1411 the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL) 1384:1423 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 8 52 theme CB 977:978 arg1 concentration 980:992 CB concentration 977:992 CB concentration 977:992 CB concentration was determined by elemental analysis. 28006673 15 53 theme nonmagnetic 1694:1704 arg1 P-value<0.05 1712:1723 P-value<0.05 1712:1723 P-value<0.05 1712:1723 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 15 53 theme nonmagnetic 1694:1704 arg1 ones 1706:1709 nonmagnetic ones 1694:1709 nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05) 1694:1724 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 6 54 theme characteristics 818:832 arg1 one 807:809 one 807:809 one 807:809 According to VSM results, magnetization degree was one of the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads. 28006673 6 54 theme characteristics 818:832 arg1 characteristics 818:832 the characteristics 814:832 the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads 814:873 According to VSM results, magnetization degree was one of the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads. 28006673 1 55 theme agarose 169:175 arg1 matrices 177:184 magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 144:184 magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices 144:184 In this work, a series of magnetic and nonmagnetic agarose matrices were fabricated for protein purification. 28006673 12 56 theme -agarose 1371:1378 arg1 % 1370:1370 magnetic 4%-agarose 1360:1378 magnetic 4%-agarose 1360:1378 And, it was shown that magnetic 4%-agarose had the highest adsorbing amount (6.00mg/mL). 28006673 11 57 theme binding 1319:1325 arg1 capacity 1327:1334 dynamic binding capacity 1311:1334 dynamic binding capacity 1311:1334 Moreover, breakthrough curves were monitored to calculate dynamic binding capacity. 28006673 15 58 theme lower 1614:1618 arg1 HETP 1620:1623 lower HETP 1614:1623 lower HETP 1614:1623 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 13 59 theme higher 1506:1511 arg1 capacity 1521:1528 higher dynamic capacity 1506:1528 higher dynamic capacity 1506:1528 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 5 60 theme higher 725:730 arg1 area 741:744 higher specific area 725:744 higher specific area 725:744 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 10 61 contain had 1185:1187 arg2 result 1151:1156 a result 1149:1156 a result 1149:1156 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 10 61 contain had 1185:1187 arg1 beads 1179:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 10 61 contain had 1185:1187 arg2 capacity 1221:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 2 62 theme magnetic 320:327 arg1 matrices 329:336 composite magnetic matrices 310:336 composite magnetic matrices 310:336 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 2 63 theme Fe3O4 247:251 arg1 nanoparticles 253:265 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 247:265 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 247:265 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 15 64 dep beads 1682:1686 arg1 % 1672:1672 % 1672:1672 % 1672:1672 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 10 65 theme adsorption 1210:1219 arg1 result 1151:1156 a result 1149:1156 a result 1149:1156 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 10 65 theme adsorption 1210:1219 arg1 capacity 1221:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 10 66 theme highest 1193:1199 arg1 result 1151:1156 a result 1149:1156 a result 1149:1156 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 10 66 theme highest 1193:1199 arg1 capacity 1221:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 the highest affinity adsorption capacity 1189:1228 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 0 67 theme beads 85:89 arg1 efficiency 23:32 purification efficiency 10:32 purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 10:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 13 68 theme -agarose 1475:1482 arg1 % 1474:1474 magnetic 4%-agarose 1464:1482 magnetic 4%-agarose 1464:1482 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 4 69 theme regular 537:543 arg1 shape 555:559 regular spherical shape 537:559 regular spherical shape 537:559 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 0 70 theme Fe3O4 97:101 arg1 nanoparticles 103:115 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 97:115 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 97:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 15 71 dep % 1672:1672 arg1 8 1671:1671 8 1671:1671 8 1671:1671 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 15 71 dep % 1672:1672 arg1 6 1664:1664 6 1664:1664 6 1664:1664 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 11 72 theme breakthrough 1263:1274 arg1 curves 1276:1281 breakthrough curves 1263:1281 breakthrough curves 1263:1281 Moreover, breakthrough curves were monitored to calculate dynamic binding capacity. 28006673 7 73 theme Bovine 955:960 arg1 albumin 968:974 Bovine serum albumin 955:974 Bovine serum albumin 955:974 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 5 74 theme mesopores 644:652 arg1 number 634:639 the number 630:639 the number of mesopores 630:652 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 9 75 theme higher 1070:1075 arg1 concentrations 1080:1093 higher CB concentrations 1070:1093 higher CB concentrations 1070:1093 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 0 76 theme purification 10:21 arg1 efficiency 23:32 purification efficiency 10:32 purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 10:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 5 77 theme nanoparticles 606:618 arg1 addition 620:627 nanoparticles addition 606:627 nanoparticles addition 606:627 By nanoparticles addition, the number of mesopores decreased while population of pores with radius ≤10nm increased; thus, higher specific area achieved. 28006673 4 78 theme size 584:587 arg1 distribution 589:600 a uniform size distribution 574:600 a uniform size distribution 574:600 The prepared matrices had regular spherical shape, followed by a uniform size distribution. 28006673 13 79 theme magnetic 1464:1471 arg1 % 1474:1474 magnetic 4%-agarose 1464:1482 magnetic 4%-agarose 1464:1482 It was implied that pore diffusion in magnetic 4%-agarose may be the reason for higher dynamic capacity. 28006673 3 80 theme matrices 414:421 arg1 morphology 391:400 morphology 391:400 morphology 391:400 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 3 80 theme matrices 414:421 arg1 Structure 377:385 Structure 377:385 Structure 377:385 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 9 81 theme nonmagnetic 1100:1110 arg1 ones 1112:1115 nonmagnetic ones 1100:1115 nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area 1100:1143 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 0 82 theme functionalized 46:59 arg1 beads 85:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads 37:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 37:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 3 83 theme scanning 451:458 arg1 microscopes 469:479 optical and scanning electron microscopes 439:479 optical and scanning electron microscopes 439:479 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 9 84 theme due 1117:1119 arg1 ones 1112:1115 nonmagnetic ones 1100:1115 nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area 1100:1143 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 0 85 theme agarose 71:77 arg1 beads 85:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads 37:89 affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles 37:115 Enhancing purification efficiency of affinity functionalized composite agarose micro beads using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 28006673 3 86 theme optical 439:445 arg1 microscopes 469:479 optical and scanning electron microscopes 439:479 optical and scanning electron microscopes 439:479 Structure and morphology of prepared matrices were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes, FT-IR, and BET-BJH analysis. 28006673 9 87 theme higher 1124:1129 arg1 area 1140:1143 higher specific area 1124:1143 higher specific area 1124:1143 It was shown that magnetic beads hold higher CB concentrations than nonmagnetic ones due to higher specific area. 28006673 6 88 theme VSM 769:771 arg1 results 773:779 VSM results 769:779 VSM results 769:779 According to VSM results, magnetization degree was one of the characteristics affected by agarose content of the beads. 28006673 2 89 theme enhanced 343:350 arg1 efficiency 365:374 enhanced purification efficiency 343:374 enhanced purification efficiency 343:374 Certain amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in agarose beads to form composite magnetic matrices with enhanced purification efficiency. 28006673 15 90 dep 0.11 1626:1629 arg1 0.11cm 1641:1646 0.11cm 1641:1646 0.11cm 1641:1646 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 15 90 dep 0.11 1626:1629 arg1 0.12 1632:1635 0.12 1632:1635 0.12 1632:1635 It was revealed that all magnetic beads had lower HETP (0.11, 0.12 and 0.11cm for magnetic 4, 6, and 8%-agarose beads) than nonmagnetic ones (P-value<0.05). 28006673 10 91 theme magnetic 1159:1166 arg1 beads 1179:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 magnetic 8%-agarose beads 1159:1183 As a result, magnetic 8%-agarose beads had the highest affinity adsorption capacity in static experiments. 28006673 14 92 dep efficiency 1544:1553 arg1 column 1537:1542 Plus, column efficiency 1531:1553 column 1537:1542 Plus, column efficiency was evaluated. 28006673 7 93 theme Blue 899:902 arg1 CB 910:911 CB 910:911 CB 910:911 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 7 93 theme Blue 899:902 arg1 F3GA 904:907 Cibacron Blue F3GA 890:907 Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) 890:912 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 28006673 7 93 theme Blue 899:902 arg1 ligand 882:887 A dye ligand 876:887 A dye ligand 876:887 A dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB), was covalently bound to beads to adsorb Bovine serum albumin. 25722170 6 0 theme differential 739:750 arg1 index 763:767 a differential refractive index 737:767 a differential refractive index detector 737:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 5 1 theme mass 580:583 arg1 spectrometer 585:596 an AccuTOF mass spectrometer 569:596 an AccuTOF mass spectrometer 569:596 The MS spectra of the oligosaccharides were performed on an AccuTOF mass spectrometer. 25722170 6 2 theme light 701:705 arg1 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 6 2 theme light 701:705 arg1 device 718:723 a multi-angle light scattering device 687:723 a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) 687:731 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 8 3 from structure 1002:1010 arg1 wine 1048:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 7 4 from Sauvignon 865:873 arg1 differences 806:816 significant differences 794:816 significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 794:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 4 from Sauvignon 865:873 arg1 fraction 842:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction 821:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 821:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 4 5 theme neutral 437:443 arg1 composition 462:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition 433:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition 433:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition was determined by gas chromatography. 25722170 6 6 theme multi-angle 689:699 arg1 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 6 6 theme multi-angle 689:699 arg1 device 718:723 a multi-angle light scattering device 687:723 a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) 687:731 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 9 7 theme Monastrell 1175:1184 arg1 composition 1130:1140 the oligosaccharides composition 1109:1140 the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 1109:1190 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 6 8 theme exclusion 657:665 arg1 chromatography 667:680 coupling size exclusion chromatography 643:680 coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector 643:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 8 9 dep quantity 976:983 arg1 the 972:974 the 972:974 the 972:974 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 8 10 theme finished 1039:1046 arg1 wine 1048:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 3 11 theme high 386:389 arg1 chromatography 417:430 high resolution size-exclusion chromatography 386:430 high resolution size-exclusion chromatography 386:430 Oligosaccharide fractions were isolated by high resolution size-exclusion chromatography. 25722170 7 12 from Syrah 876:880 arg1 differences 806:816 significant differences 794:816 significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 794:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 12 from Syrah 876:880 arg1 fraction 842:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction 821:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 821:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 4 13 theme acidic 449:454 arg1 composition 462:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition 433:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition 433:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition was determined by gas chromatography. 25722170 6 14 theme index 763:767 arg1 detector 769:776 a differential refractive index detector 737:776 a differential refractive index detector 737:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 7 15 dep Sauvignon 865:873 arg1 wines 897:901 wines 897:901 wines 897:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 1 16 from composition 154:164 arg1 wines 195:199 different wines 185:199 different wines 185:199 Wine oligosaccharides were recently characterized and their concentrations, their composition and their roles on different wines remain to be determined. 25722170 5 17 theme oligosaccharides 534:549 arg1 spectra 519:525 The MS spectra 512:525 The MS spectra of the oligosaccharides 512:549 The MS spectra of the oligosaccharides were performed on an AccuTOF mass spectrometer. 25722170 7 18 theme significant 794:804 arg1 differences 806:816 significant differences 794:816 significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 794:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 6 19 theme coupling 643:650 arg1 chromatography 667:680 coupling size exclusion chromatography 643:680 coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector 643:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 1 20 from concentrations 132:145 arg1 wines 195:199 different wines 185:199 different wines 185:199 Wine oligosaccharides were recently characterized and their concentrations, their composition and their roles on different wines remain to be determined. 25722170 1 21 theme Wine 72:75 arg1 oligosaccharides 77:92 Wine oligosaccharides 72:92 Wine oligosaccharides 72:92 Wine oligosaccharides were recently characterized and their concentrations, their composition and their roles on different wines remain to be determined. 25722170 2 22 from concentration 230:242 arg1 Monastrell 313:322 Monastrell 313:322 Monastrell 313:322 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 2 22 from concentration 230:242 arg1 Syrah 303:307 Syrah 303:307 Syrah 303:307 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 2 22 from concentration 230:242 arg1 Sauvignon 292:300 Sauvignon 292:300 Sauvignon 292:300 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 1 23 theme different 185:193 arg1 wines 195:199 different wines 185:199 different wines 185:199 Wine oligosaccharides were recently characterized and their concentrations, their composition and their roles on different wines remain to be determined. 25722170 6 24 theme refractive 752:761 arg1 index 763:767 a differential refractive index 737:767 a differential refractive index detector 737:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 3 25 theme resolution 391:400 arg1 chromatography 417:430 high resolution size-exclusion chromatography 386:430 high resolution size-exclusion chromatography 386:430 Oligosaccharide fractions were isolated by high resolution size-exclusion chromatography. 25722170 6 26 with chromatography 667:680 arg1 detector 769:776 a differential refractive index detector 737:776 a differential refractive index detector 737:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 6 26 with chromatography 667:680 arg1 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 6 26 with chromatography 667:680 arg1 device 718:723 a multi-angle light scattering device 687:723 a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) 687:731 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 2 27 from composition 248:258 arg1 Monastrell 313:322 Monastrell 313:322 Monastrell 313:322 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 2 27 from composition 248:258 arg1 Syrah 303:307 Syrah 303:307 Syrah 303:307 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 2 27 from composition 248:258 arg1 Sauvignon 292:300 Sauvignon 292:300 Sauvignon 292:300 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 3 28 theme size-exclusion 402:415 arg1 chromatography 417:430 high resolution size-exclusion chromatography 386:430 high resolution size-exclusion chromatography 386:430 Oligosaccharide fractions were isolated by high resolution size-exclusion chromatography. 25722170 4 29 theme gas 492:494 arg1 chromatography 496:509 gas chromatography 492:509 gas chromatography 492:509 The neutral and acidic sugar composition was determined by gas chromatography. 25722170 0 30 theme Syrah 40:44 arg1 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines 0:69 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines. 25722170 9 31 theme Sauvignon 1154:1162 arg1 composition 1130:1140 the oligosaccharides composition 1109:1140 the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 1109:1190 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 32 from differences 806:816 arg1 Monastrell 886:895 Monastrell 886:895 Monastrell 886:895 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 32 from differences 806:816 arg1 Syrah 876:880 Syrah 876:880 Syrah 876:880 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 32 from differences 806:816 arg1 fraction 842:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction 821:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 821:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 32 from differences 806:816 arg1 Sauvignon 865:873 Sauvignon 865:873 Sauvignon 865:873 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 8 33 theme grape 944:948 arg1 variety 950:956 the grape variety 940:956 the grape variety seems 940:962 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 9 34 theme Syrah 1165:1169 arg1 composition 1130:1140 the oligosaccharides composition 1109:1140 the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 1109:1190 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 0 35 theme Sauvignon 29:37 arg1 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines 0:69 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines. 25722170 2 36 dep concentration 230:242 arg1 The 226:228 The 226:228 The 226:228 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 0 37 theme Monastrell 50:59 arg1 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines 0:69 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines. 25722170 6 38 theme Molar-mass 599:608 arg1 distributions 610:622 Molar-mass distributions 599:622 Molar-mass distributions 599:622 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 9 39 theme oligosaccharides 1113:1128 arg1 composition 1130:1140 the oligosaccharides composition 1109:1140 the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 1109:1190 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 40 from Monastrell 886:895 arg1 differences 806:816 significant differences 794:816 significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 794:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 7 40 from Monastrell 886:895 arg1 fraction 842:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction 821:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 821:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 8 41 theme oligosaccharides 1015:1030 arg1 quantity 976:983 quantity 976:983 quantity 976:983 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 8 41 theme oligosaccharides 1015:1030 arg1 structure 1002:1010 structure 1002:1010 structure 1002:1010 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 8 41 theme oligosaccharides 1015:1030 arg1 composition 986:996 composition 986:996 composition 986:996 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 9 42 theme first 1084:1088 arg1 this 1072:1075 this 1072:1075 this 1072:1075 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 9 42 theme first 1084:1088 arg1 report 1090:1095 the first report 1080:1095 the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 1080:1190 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 8 43 dep variety 950:956 arg1 seems 958:962 seems 958:962 seems 958:962 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 4 44 theme sugar 456:460 arg1 composition 462:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition 433:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition 433:472 The neutral and acidic sugar composition was determined by gas chromatography. 25722170 0 45 dep Sauvignon 29:37 arg1 wines 65:69 red wines 61:69 red wines 61:69 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines. 25722170 9 46 dep Sauvignon 1154:1162 arg1 wines 1186:1190 wines 1186:1190 wines 1186:1190 To our knowledge, this is the first report to research the oligosaccharides composition of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25722170 5 47 theme AccuTOF 572:578 arg1 spectrometer 585:596 an AccuTOF mass spectrometer 569:596 an AccuTOF mass spectrometer 569:596 The MS spectra of the oligosaccharides were performed on an AccuTOF mass spectrometer. 25722170 2 48 theme oligosaccharides 263:278 arg1 concentration 230:242 concentration 230:242 concentration 230:242 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 2 48 theme oligosaccharides 263:278 arg1 composition 248:258 composition 248:258 composition 248:258 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 5 49 theme MS 516:517 arg1 spectra 519:525 The MS spectra 512:525 The MS spectra of the oligosaccharides 512:549 The MS spectra of the oligosaccharides were performed on an AccuTOF mass spectrometer. 25722170 3 50 theme Oligosaccharide 343:357 arg1 fractions 359:367 Oligosaccharide fractions 343:367 Oligosaccharide fractions 343:367 Oligosaccharide fractions were isolated by high resolution size-exclusion chromatography. 25722170 8 51 from quantity 976:983 arg1 wine 1048:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 2 52 dep Sauvignon 292:300 arg1 wines 324:328 wines 324:328 wines 324:328 The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. 25722170 0 53 theme red 61:63 arg1 wines 65:69 red wines 61:69 red wines 61:69 Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines. 25722170 6 54 theme size 652:655 arg1 chromatography 667:680 coupling size exclusion chromatography 643:680 coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector 643:776 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 1 55 from roles 176:180 arg1 wines 195:199 different wines 185:199 different wines 185:199 Wine oligosaccharides were recently characterized and their concentrations, their composition and their roles on different wines remain to be determined. 25722170 8 56 from composition 986:996 arg1 wine 1048:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 the finished wine 1035:1051 This study shows the influence that the grape variety seems have on the quantity, composition and structure of oligosaccharides in the finished wine. 25722170 6 57 theme scattering 707:716 arg1 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 MALLS 726:730 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 6 57 theme scattering 707:716 arg1 device 718:723 a multi-angle light scattering device 687:723 a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) 687:731 Molar-mass distributions were determined by coupling size exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle light scattering device (MALLS) and a differential refractive index detector. 25722170 7 58 theme oligosaccharidic 825:840 arg1 fraction 842:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction 821:849 the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines 821:901 Results showed significant differences in the oligosaccharidic fraction from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines. 25426858 4 0 theme cumulative 852:861 arg1 amount 863:868 the cumulative amount 848:868 the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids 848:895 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 4 0 theme cumulative 852:861 arg1 lower 932:936 lower 932:936 lower 932:936 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 4 0 theme cumulative 852:861 arg1 acids 891:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 1 1 theme in 402:403 arg1 model 411:415 an in vitro model 399:415 an in vitro model of the proximal colon 399:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 2 theme galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 arg1 effect 217:222 the effect 213:222 the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 213:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 3 3 theme energy 675:680 arg1 harvest 682:688 energy harvest 675:688 energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas 675:744 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 6 4 theme short-chain 1164:1174 arg1 lactate 1198:1204 lactate 1198:1204 lactate 1198:1204 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 6 4 theme short-chain 1164:1174 arg1 acids 1182:1186 short-chain fatty acids 1164:1186 short-chain fatty acids including lactate 1164:1204 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 6 5 with experiments 1248:1258 arg1 fiber-L 1271:1277 apple fiber-L 1265:1277 apple fiber-L (108 mmol) 1265:1288 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 6 5 with experiments 1248:1258 arg1 mmol 1284:1287 108 mmol 1280:1287 108 mmol 1280:1287 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 11 6 theme obese 1940:1944 arg1 subjects 1946:1953 obese subjects 1940:1953 obese subjects (3.6%) 1940:1960 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 11 6 theme obese 1940:1944 arg1 % 1959:1959 3.6% 1956:1959 3.6% 1956:1959 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 3 7 from harvest 682:688 arg1 terms 694:698 terms 694:698 terms of metabolites 694:713 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 3 8 theme metabolites 703:713 arg1 terms 694:698 terms 694:698 terms of metabolites 694:713 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 1 9 theme colon 433:437 arg1 model 411:415 an in vitro model 399:415 an in vitro model of the proximal colon 399:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 2 10 theme short-chain 514:524 arg1 ammonia 570:576 ammonia 570:576 ammonia 570:576 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 10 theme short-chain 514:524 arg1 lactate 558:564 lactate 558:564 lactate 558:564 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 10 theme short-chain 514:524 arg1 acids 551:555 short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids 514:555 acids 551:555 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 11 11 from microbiota 1791:1800 arg1 dominant 1775:1782 dominant 1775:1782 dominant 1775:1782 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 6 12 theme fermentation 1235:1246 arg1 experiments 1248:1258 the fermentation experiments 1231:1258 the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) 1231:1288 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 11 13 from subjects 1946:1953 arg1 homogenates 1923:1933 homogenates 1923:1933 homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%) 1923:1960 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 0 14 theme gut 127:129 arg1 microbiota 131:140 gut microbiota 127:140 gut microbiota 127:140 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 2 15 theme acids 551:555 arg1 production 500:509 the production 496:509 the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia 496:576 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 0 16 theme obese 156:160 arg1 subjects 162:169 lean and obese subjects 147:169 lean and obese subjects 147:169 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 1 17 from effect 217:222 arg1 activity 321:328 activity 321:328 activity 321:328 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 17 from effect 217:222 arg1 composition 305:315 composition 305:315 composition 305:315 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 18 theme healthy 376:382 arg1 subjects 384:391 lean and obese healthy subjects 361:391 lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 361:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 10 19 theme average 1670:1676 arg1 abundance 1678:1686 The average abundance 1666:1686 The average abundance at time zero 1666:1699 The average abundance at time zero was 92% and 74%, respectively. 25426858 10 19 theme average 1670:1676 arg1 % 1707:1707 92% 1705:1707 92% 1705:1707 The average abundance at time zero was 92% and 74%, respectively. 25426858 4 20 dep obese 1044:1048 arg1 mmol 1063:1066 162 and 173 mmol 1051:1066 162 and 173 mmol 1051:1066 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 2 21 theme branched-chain 530:543 arg1 ammonia 570:576 ammonia 570:576 ammonia 570:576 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 21 theme branched-chain 530:543 arg1 lactate 558:564 lactate 558:564 lactate 558:564 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 21 theme branched-chain 530:543 arg1 acids 551:555 short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids 514:555 acids 551:555 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 1 22 dep lactulose 253:261 arg1 pectin 291:296 pectin 291:296 pectin 291:296 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 3 23 theme fermentable 781:791 arg1 substrate 793:801 the fermentable substrate 777:801 the fermentable substrate 777:801 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 9 24 theme obese 1624:1628 arg1 subjects 1630:1637 obese subjects 1624:1637 obese subjects 1624:1637 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 4 25 theme fatty 885:889 arg1 acids 891:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 3 26 theme microbiotas 734:744 arg1 harvest 682:688 energy harvest 675:688 energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas 675:744 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 0 27 theme substrates 53:62 arg1 impact 33:38 the impact 29:38 the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects 29:169 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 28 from characterization 9:24 arg1 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 28 from characterization 9:24 arg1 production 78:87 metabolite production 67:87 metabolite production 67:87 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 28 from characterization 9:24 arg1 extraction 97:106 energy extraction 90:106 energy extraction 90:106 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 29 theme metabolite 67:76 arg1 production 78:87 metabolite production 67:87 metabolite production 67:87 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 9 30 from inoculum 1592:1599 arg1 predominant 1573:1583 predominant 1573:1583 predominant 1573:1583 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 9 31 theme lean 1651:1654 arg1 subjects 1656:1663 lean subjects 1651:1663 lean subjects 1651:1663 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 12 32 theme role 2134:2137 arg1 understanding 2113:2125 the understanding 2109:2125 the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity 2109:2184 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 8 33 from subjects 1542:1549 arg1 microbiota 1520:1529 the microbiota 1516:1529 the microbiota from obese subjects 1516:1549 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose boosted the balance of health-promoting over toxic metabolites produced by the microbiota from obese subjects. 25426858 1 34 dep in 402:403 arg1 vitro 405:409 vitro 405:409 vitro 405:409 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 35 theme colonic 339:345 arg1 microbiota 347:356 human colonic microbiota 333:356 human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 333:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 10 36 from time 1691:1694 arg1 abundance 1678:1686 The average abundance 1666:1686 The average abundance at time zero 1666:1699 The average abundance at time zero was 92% and 74%, respectively. 25426858 10 36 from time 1691:1694 arg1 % 1707:1707 92% 1705:1707 92% 1705:1707 The average abundance at time zero was 92% and 74%, respectively. 25426858 0 37 from subjects 162:169 arg1 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 37 from subjects 162:169 arg1 production 78:87 metabolite production 67:87 metabolite production 67:87 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 37 from subjects 162:169 arg1 extraction 97:106 energy extraction 90:106 energy extraction 90:106 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 11 38 theme other 1739:1743 arg1 hand 1745:1748 the other hand 1735:1748 the other hand 1735:1748 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 0 39 theme In 0:1 arg1 characterization 9:24 In vitro characterization 0:24 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 0:170 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 7 40 dep higher 1347:1352 arg1 mmol 1359:1362 130 mmol 1355:1362 130 mmol 1355:1362 Sugar beet-L was also higher (130 mmol) compared to sugar beet-O (103 mmol). 25426858 2 41 theme communities 627:637 arg1 composition 598:608 the composition 594:608 the composition of the bacterial communities over time 594:647 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 1 42 dep composition 305:315 arg1 the 301:303 the 301:303 the 301:303 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 43 theme sugar 280:284 arg1 beet 286:289 sugar beet 280:289 sugar beet 280:289 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 43 theme sugar 280:284 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 9 44 theme subjects 1630:1637 arg1 feces 1615:1619 feces 1615:1619 feces of obese subjects 1615:1637 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 6 45 from h 1226:1226 arg1 experiments 1248:1258 the fermentation experiments 1231:1258 the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) 1231:1288 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 0 46 from extraction 97:106 arg1 characterization 9:24 In vitro characterization 0:24 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 0:170 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 12 47 theme different 1995:2003 arg1 carbohydrates 2017:2029 different fermentable carbohydrates 1995:2029 different fermentable carbohydrates 1995:2029 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 8 48 theme obese 1536:1540 arg1 subjects 1542:1549 obese subjects 1536:1549 obese subjects 1536:1549 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose boosted the balance of health-promoting over toxic metabolites produced by the microbiota from obese subjects. 25426858 0 49 theme different 43:51 arg1 substrates 53:62 different substrates 43:62 different substrates 43:62 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 50 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 51 from composition 112:122 arg1 characterization 9:24 In vitro characterization 0:24 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 0:170 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 11 52 theme average 1855:1861 arg1 abundance 1863:1871 an average abundance 1852:1871 an average abundance of 22% 1852:1878 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 11 53 from subjects 1838:1845 arg1 homogenates 1816:1826 homogenates 1816:1826 homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% 1816:1878 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 6 54 theme fatty 1176:1180 arg1 lactate 1198:1204 lactate 1198:1204 lactate 1198:1204 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 6 54 theme fatty 1176:1180 arg1 acids 1182:1186 short-chain fatty acids 1164:1186 short-chain fatty acids including lactate 1164:1204 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 7 55 theme Sugar 1325:1329 arg1 beet-L 1331:1336 Sugar beet-L 1325:1336 Sugar beet-L 1325:1336 Sugar beet-L was also higher (130 mmol) compared to sugar beet-O (103 mmol). 25426858 11 56 with subjects 1838:1845 arg1 abundance 1863:1871 an average abundance 1852:1871 an average abundance of 22% 1852:1878 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 1 57 theme proximal 424:431 arg1 colon 433:437 the proximal colon 420:437 the proximal colon 420:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 11 58 theme % 1878:1878 arg1 abundance 1863:1871 an average abundance 1852:1871 an average abundance of 22% 1852:1878 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 6 59 dep higher 1210:1215 arg1 mmol 1318:1321 92 mmol 1315:1321 92 mmol 1315:1321 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 4 60 with experiments 958:968 arg1 microbiota 984:993 the lean microbiota 975:993 the lean microbiota 975:993 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 4 61 theme short-chain 873:883 arg1 acids 891:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 0 62 from production 78:87 arg1 characterization 9:24 In vitro characterization 0:24 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 0:170 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 63 theme microbiota 131:140 arg1 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 63 theme microbiota 131:140 arg1 production 78:87 metabolite production 67:87 metabolite production 67:87 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 63 theme microbiota 131:140 arg1 extraction 97:106 energy extraction 90:106 energy extraction 90:106 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 1 64 theme lean 361:364 arg1 subjects 384:391 lean and obese healthy subjects 361:391 lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 361:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 65 theme study 188:192 arg1 aim 176:178 The aim 172:178 The aim of this study 172:192 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 4 66 theme acids 891:895 arg1 amount 863:868 the cumulative amount 848:868 the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids 848:895 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 4 66 theme acids 891:895 arg1 lower 932:936 lower 932:936 lower 932:936 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 4 66 theme acids 891:895 arg1 acids 891:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 short-chain fatty acids 873:895 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 6 67 theme absolute 1136:1143 arg1 higher 1210:1215 higher 1210:1215 higher 1210:1215 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 6 67 theme absolute 1136:1143 arg1 amount 1145:1150 The absolute amount 1132:1150 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate 1132:1204 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 3 68 theme obese 728:732 arg1 microbiotas 734:744 lean and obese microbiotas 719:744 lean and obese microbiotas 719:744 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 0 69 theme lean 147:150 arg1 subjects 162:169 lean and obese subjects 147:169 lean and obese subjects 147:169 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 1 70 theme obese 370:374 arg1 subjects 384:391 lean and obese healthy subjects 361:391 lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 361:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 2 71 theme fatty 545:549 arg1 ammonia 570:576 ammonia 570:576 ammonia 570:576 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 71 theme fatty 545:549 arg1 lactate 558:564 lactate 558:564 lactate 558:564 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 71 theme fatty 545:549 arg1 acids 551:555 short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids 514:555 acids 551:555 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 11 72 from dominant 1775:1782 arg1 microbiota 1791:1800 the microbiota 1787:1800 the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% 1787:1878 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 3 73 theme lean 719:722 arg1 microbiotas 734:744 lean and obese microbiotas 719:744 lean and obese microbiotas 719:744 The results suggest that energy harvest (in terms of metabolites) of lean and obese microbiotas is different and may depend on the fermentable substrate. 25426858 4 74 dep lower 932:936 arg1 mmol 1008:1011 123 and 155 mmol 996:1011 123 and 155 mmol 996:1011 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 4 74 dep lower 932:936 arg1 compared 1028:1035 compared 1028:1035 compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively) 1028:1081 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 1 75 theme subjects 384:391 arg1 microbiota 347:356 human colonic microbiota 333:356 human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 333:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 11 76 theme lean 1833:1836 arg1 subjects 1838:1845 lean subjects 1833:1845 lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% 1833:1878 On the other hand, Bacteroidetes were more dominant in the microbiota prepared with homogenates from lean subjects with an average abundance of 22% compared with the microbiota prepared with homogenates from obese subjects (3.6%). 25426858 12 77 theme microbiota 2155:2164 arg1 role 2134:2137 the role 2130:2137 the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity 2130:2184 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 2 78 theme Substrate 447:455 arg1 fermentation 457:468 Substrate fermentation 447:468 Substrate fermentation 447:468 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 79 theme bacterial 617:625 arg1 communities 627:637 the bacterial communities 613:637 the bacterial communities 613:637 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 0 80 theme energy 90:95 arg1 extraction 97:106 energy extraction 90:106 energy extraction 90:106 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 9 81 from predominant 1573:1583 arg1 inoculum 1592:1599 the inoculum 1588:1599 the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects 1588:1637 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 12 82 theme obese 2069:2073 arg1 microbiotas 2075:2085 lean and obese microbiotas 2060:2085 lean and obese microbiotas 2060:2085 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 6 83 theme apple 1265:1269 arg1 fiber-L 1271:1277 apple fiber-L 1265:1277 apple fiber-L (108 mmol) 1265:1288 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 6 83 theme apple 1265:1269 arg1 mmol 1284:1287 108 mmol 1280:1287 108 mmol 1280:1287 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 1 84 theme human 333:337 arg1 microbiota 347:356 human colonic microbiota 333:356 human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon 333:437 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 0 85 from impact 33:38 arg1 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 composition 112:122 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 85 from impact 33:38 arg1 production 78:87 metabolite production 67:87 metabolite production 67:87 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 0 85 from impact 33:38 arg1 extraction 97:106 energy extraction 90:106 energy extraction 90:106 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 1 86 theme microbiota 347:356 arg1 activity 321:328 activity 321:328 activity 321:328 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 86 theme microbiota 347:356 arg1 composition 305:315 composition 305:315 composition 305:315 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 12 87 theme diet 2142:2145 arg1 role 2134:2137 the role 2130:2137 the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity 2130:2184 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 4 88 theme lean 979:982 arg1 microbiota 984:993 the lean microbiota 975:993 the lean microbiota 975:993 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 1 89 theme apple 264:268 arg1 fiber 270:274 apple fiber 264:274 apple fiber 264:274 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 1 89 theme apple 264:268 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 galacto-oligosaccharides 227:250 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 2 90 dep assessed 474:481 arg1 studying 585:592 studying 585:592 studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time 585:647 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 2 90 dep assessed 474:481 arg1 measuring 486:494 measuring 486:494 measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia 486:576 Substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. 25426858 12 91 theme lean 2060:2063 arg1 microbiotas 2075:2085 lean and obese microbiotas 2060:2085 lean and obese microbiotas 2060:2085 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 0 92 theme impact 33:38 arg1 characterization 9:24 In vitro characterization 0:24 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 0:170 In vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects. 25426858 4 93 theme fermentation 945:956 arg1 experiments 958:968 the fermentation experiments 941:968 the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota 941:993 For galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, the cumulative amount of short-chain fatty acids plus lactate produced in TIM-2 was lower in the fermentation experiments with the lean microbiota (123 and 155 mmol, respectively) compared to the obese (162 and 173 mmol, respectively). 25426858 12 94 theme fermentable 2005:2015 arg1 carbohydrates 2017:2029 different fermentable carbohydrates 1995:2029 different fermentable carbohydrates 1995:2029 This study brings evidence that different fermentable carbohydrates are fermented differently by lean and obese microbiotas, which contributes to the understanding of the role of diet and the microbiota in tackling obesity. 25426858 6 95 theme apple 1300:1304 arg1 fiber-O 1306:1312 apple fiber-O 1300:1312 apple fiber-O 1300:1312 The absolute amount produced of short-chain fatty acids including lactate was higher after 72 h in the fermentation experiments with apple fiber-L (108 mmol) than with apple fiber-O (92 mmol). 25426858 9 96 attach predominant 1573:1583 arg2 Firmicutes 1552:1561 Firmicutes 1552:1561 Firmicutes 1552:1561 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 9 96 attach predominant 1573:1583 arg1 inoculum 1592:1599 the inoculum 1588:1599 the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects 1588:1637 Firmicutes were more predominant in the inoculum prepared from feces of obese subjects compared to lean subjects. 25426858 7 97 theme sugar 1377:1381 arg1 beet-O 1383:1388 sugar beet-O 1377:1388 sugar beet-O (103 mmol) 1377:1399 Sugar beet-L was also higher (130 mmol) compared to sugar beet-O (103 mmol). 25426858 7 97 theme sugar 1377:1381 arg1 mmol 1395:1398 103 mmol 1391:1398 103 mmol 1391:1398 Sugar beet-L was also higher (130 mmol) compared to sugar beet-O (103 mmol). 25426858 8 98 theme health-promoting 1464:1479 arg1 balance 1453:1459 the balance 1449:1459 the balance of health-promoting over toxic metabolites produced by the microbiota from obese subjects 1449:1549 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose boosted the balance of health-promoting over toxic metabolites produced by the microbiota from obese subjects. 25426858 1 99 dep was 194:196 arg1 TIM-2 440:444 TIM-2 440:444 TIM-2 440:444 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 25426858 8 100 theme toxic 1486:1490 arg1 metabolites 1492:1502 toxic metabolites 1486:1502 toxic metabolites produced by the microbiota from obese subjects 1486:1549 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose boosted the balance of health-promoting over toxic metabolites produced by the microbiota from obese subjects. 26976070 0 0 theme catalytic 92:100 arg1 properties 102:111 catalytic properties 92:111 catalytic properties 92:111 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite enhances catalytic properties. 26976070 4 1 theme ∼71 911:913 arg1 % 914:914 % 914:914 % 914:914 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 3 2 theme immobilization 458:471 arg1 matrix 473:478 a new immobilization matrix 452:478 a new immobilization matrix 452:478 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 3 2 theme immobilization 458:471 arg1 nano-composite 497:510 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 481:510 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 481:510 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 5 3 from 365s 1199:1202 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) 1132:1182 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 5 3 from 365s 1199:1202 arg1 Kcat 1188:1191 Kcat 1188:1191 Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) 1188:1219 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 4 4 from 50°C 823:826 arg1 % 818:818 22.40% 813:818 22.40% at 50°C after 30min 813:838 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 5 5 theme Enzyme 1109:1114 arg1 kinetics 1116:1123 Enzyme kinetics 1109:1123 Enzyme kinetics 1109:1123 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 5 6 from increase 1135:1142 arg1 Vmax 1151:1154 the Vmax 1147:1154 the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) 1147:1182 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 6 7 from potential 1315:1323 arg1 processes 1357:1365 industrial processes 1346:1365 industrial processes 1346:1365 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 6 7 from potential 1315:1323 arg1 biotechnology 1328:1340 biotechnology 1328:1340 biotechnology 1328:1340 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 4 8 theme optimal 656:662 arg1 temperature 664:674 the optimal temperature 652:674 the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH 652:694 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 2 9 from EstH 319:322 arg1 % 288:288 ∼50% 285:288 ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 285:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 2 9 from EstH 319:322 arg1 activity 302:309 original activity 293:309 original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 293:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 4 10 theme free 730:733 arg1 form 735:738 its free form 726:738 its free form 726:738 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 5 11 dep 365s 1199:1202 arg1 to 1208:1209 to 1208:1209 to 1208:1209 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 5 11 dep 365s 1199:1202 arg1 520s 1211:1214 520s(-1) 1211:1218 365s(-1) to 520s(-1) 1199:1218 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 4 12 from 10 1017:1018 arg1 activity 996:1003 ∼73% activity 991:1003 ∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10 991:1018 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 13 theme higher 885:890 arg1 stability 900:908 higher storage stability 885:908 higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage) 885:965 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 14 from pH 1008:1009 arg1 activity 996:1003 ∼73% activity 991:1003 ∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10 991:1018 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 15 theme repetitive 1080:1089 arg1 cycles 1091:1096 8 repetitive cycles 1078:1096 8 repetitive cycles of usage 1078:1105 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 16 theme immobilized 741:751 arg1 EstH 753:756 immobilized EstH 741:756 immobilized EstH 741:756 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 3 17 dep Fourier 551:557 arg1 Transform 559:567 Transform 559:567 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 559:635 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 2 18 from stable 328:333 arg1 conditions 348:357 high salt conditions 338:357 high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 338:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 2 18 from stable 328:333 arg1 NaCl 367:370 0-4.5M NaCl 360:370 0-4.5M NaCl 360:370 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 5 19 from Kcat 1188:1191 arg1 Vmax 1151:1154 the Vmax 1147:1154 the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) 1147:1182 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 4 20 dep tolerance 980:988 arg1 activity 996:1003 ∼73% activity 991:1003 ∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10 991:1018 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 2 21 theme original 293:300 arg1 activity 302:309 original activity 293:309 original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 293:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 6 22 theme great 1309:1313 arg1 potential 1315:1323 its great potential 1305:1323 its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes 1305:1365 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 4 23 theme % 994:994 arg1 activity 996:1003 ∼73% activity 991:1003 ∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10 991:1018 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 2 24 theme salt 343:346 arg1 conditions 348:357 high salt conditions 338:357 high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 338:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 2 24 theme salt 343:346 arg1 NaCl 367:370 0-4.5M NaCl 360:370 0-4.5M NaCl 360:370 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 0 25 theme novel 20:24 arg1 esterase 38:45 a novel cold active esterase 18:45 a novel cold active esterase 18:45 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite enhances catalytic properties. 26976070 4 26 theme % 1061:1061 arg1 activity 1063:1070 ∼50% activity 1058:1070 ∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage 1058:1105 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 27 theme ∼73 991:993 arg1 activity 996:1003 ∼73% activity 991:1003 ∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10 991:1018 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 1 28 theme bacterium 192:200 arg1 sp 215:216 the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp 181:216 the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp 181:216 A novel esterase, EstH was cloned, purified and characterized from the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp. 26976070 1 29 theme novel 116:120 arg1 EstH 132:135 EstH 132:135 EstH 132:135 A novel esterase, EstH was cloned, purified and characterized from the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp. 26976070 1 29 theme novel 116:120 arg1 esterase 122:129 A novel esterase 114:129 A novel esterase 114:129 A novel esterase, EstH was cloned, purified and characterized from the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp. 26976070 5 30 dep 51.14μM/min 1171:1181 arg1 35.76 1162:1166 35.76 1162:1166 35.76 1162:1166 Enzyme kinetics showed an increase in the Vmax (from 35.76 to 51.14μM/min) and Kcat (from 365s(-1) to 520s(-1)) after immobilization. 26976070 1 31 theme Zunongwangia 202:213 arg1 sp 215:216 the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp 181:216 the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp 181:216 A novel esterase, EstH was cloned, purified and characterized from the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp. 26976070 0 32 theme active 31:36 arg1 esterase 38:45 a novel cold active esterase 18:45 a novel cold active esterase 18:45 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite enhances catalytic properties. 26976070 4 33 theme immobilized 679:689 arg1 EstH 691:694 immobilized EstH 679:694 immobilized EstH 679:694 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 6 34 theme EstH 1292:1295 arg1 properties 1266:1275 The superior catalytic properties 1243:1275 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH 1243:1295 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 3 35 theme Infrared 569:576 arg1 FTIR 592:595 FTIR 592:595 FTIR 592:595 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 3 35 theme Infrared 569:576 arg1 Spectroscopy 578:589 Infrared Spectroscopy 569:589 Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 569:596 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 1 36 theme marine 185:190 arg1 sp 215:216 the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp 181:216 the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp 181:216 A novel esterase, EstH was cloned, purified and characterized from the marine bacterium Zunongwangia sp. 26976070 0 37 theme cold 26:29 arg1 esterase 38:45 a novel cold active esterase 18:45 a novel cold active esterase 18:45 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite enhances catalytic properties. 26976070 4 38 theme % 914:914 arg1 activity 916:923 ∼71% activity 911:923 ∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage 911:964 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 3 39 theme Scanning 602:609 arg1 Microscope 620:629 Scanning Electron Microscope 602:629 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 602:635 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 3 39 theme Scanning 602:609 arg1 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 2 40 from conditions 348:357 arg1 stable 328:333 stable 328:333 stable 328:333 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 4 41 dep stability 784:792 arg1 % 799:799 48.5% 795:799 48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min 795:838 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 3 42 theme Electron 611:618 arg1 Microscope 620:629 Scanning Electron Microscope 602:629 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 602:635 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 3 42 theme Electron 611:618 arg1 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 2 43 theme purified 223:230 arg1 EstH 232:235 The purified EstH 219:235 The purified EstH 219:235 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 6 44 theme immobilized 1280:1290 arg1 EstH 1292:1295 immobilized EstH 1280:1295 immobilized EstH 1280:1295 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 4 45 theme EstH 691:694 arg1 temperature 664:674 the optimal temperature 652:674 the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH 652:694 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 0 46 theme esterase 38:45 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 0:81 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite enhances catalytic properties. 26976070 4 47 theme usage 1101:1105 arg1 cycles 1091:1096 8 repetitive cycles 1078:1096 8 repetitive cycles of usage 1078:1105 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 48 theme storage 892:898 arg1 stability 900:908 higher storage stability 885:908 higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage) 885:965 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 3 49 theme new 454:456 arg1 matrix 473:478 a new immobilization matrix 452:478 a new immobilization matrix 452:478 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 3 49 theme new 454:456 arg1 nano-composite 497:510 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 481:510 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 481:510 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 4 50 theme pH 977:978 arg1 tolerance 980:988 improved pH tolerance 968:988 improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10) 968:1019 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 51 theme better 765:770 arg1 stability 784:792 better temperature stability 765:792 better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min) 765:839 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 52 dep stability 900:908 arg1 activity 916:923 ∼71% activity 911:923 ∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage 911:964 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 53 theme ∼50 1058:1060 arg1 activity 1063:1070 ∼50% activity 1058:1070 ∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage 1058:1105 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 54 dep reusability 1045:1055 arg1 activity 1063:1070 ∼50% activity 1058:1070 ∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage 1058:1105 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 55 theme improved 968:975 arg1 tolerance 980:988 improved pH tolerance 968:988 improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10) 968:1019 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 56 theme prolonged 842:850 arg1 half-life 852:860 prolonged half-life 842:860 prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h) 842:882 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 2 57 theme activity 302:309 arg1 % 288:288 ∼50% 285:288 ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 285:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 2 57 theme activity 302:309 arg1 activity 302:309 original activity 293:309 original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 293:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 6 58 theme catalytic 1256:1264 arg1 properties 1266:1275 The superior catalytic properties 1243:1275 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH 1243:1295 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 4 59 dep half-life 852:860 arg1 32h 863:865 32h 863:865 32h compared to 18h 863:881 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 60 theme temperature 772:782 arg1 stability 784:792 better temperature stability 765:792 better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min) 765:839 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 4 61 theme storage 958:964 arg1 50days 948:953 50days 948:953 50days of storage 948:964 Interestingly the optimal temperature of immobilized EstH elevated to 35°C. Compared to its free form, immobilized EstH showed better temperature stability (48.5% compared to 22.40% at 50°C after 30min), prolonged half-life (32h compared to 18h), higher storage stability (∼71% activity compared to ∼40% after 50days of storage), improved pH tolerance (∼73% activity at pH 4 and 10), and, more importantly, reusability (∼50% activity after 8 repetitive cycles of usage). 26976070 2 62 theme high 338:341 arg1 conditions 348:357 high salt conditions 338:357 high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl) 338:371 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 2 62 theme high 338:341 arg1 NaCl 367:370 0-4.5M NaCl 360:370 0-4.5M NaCl 360:370 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 6 63 theme superior 1247:1254 arg1 properties 1266:1275 The superior catalytic properties 1243:1275 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH 1243:1295 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 0 64 theme Fe3O4∼cellulose 52:66 arg1 nano-composite 68:81 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 52:81 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 52:81 Immobilization of a novel cold active esterase onto Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite enhances catalytic properties. 26976070 2 65 theme optimum 244:250 arg1 activity 252:259 optimum activity 244:259 optimum activity 244:259 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26976070 6 66 theme industrial 1346:1355 arg1 processes 1357:1365 industrial processes 1346:1365 industrial processes 1346:1365 The superior catalytic properties of immobilized EstH suggest its great potential in biotechnology and industrial processes. 26976070 3 67 theme Fe3O4∼cellulose 481:495 arg1 matrix 473:478 a new immobilization matrix 452:478 a new immobilization matrix 452:478 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 3 67 theme Fe3O4∼cellulose 481:495 arg1 nano-composite 497:510 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 481:510 Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite 481:510 To improve the characteristics and explore the possibilities for application, a new immobilization matrix, Fe3O4∼cellulose nano-composite, was prepared and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 26976070 2 68 from % 288:288 arg1 EstH 319:322 EstH 319:322 EstH 319:322 The purified EstH showed optimum activity at 30°C and pH 8.5 with ∼50% of original activity at 0°C. EstH was stable in high salt conditions (0-4.5M NaCl). 26401638 6 0 theme oxygen-containing 625:641 arg1 groups 643:648 The oxygen-containing groups 621:648 The oxygen-containing groups 621:648 The oxygen-containing groups increased the Pb(2+) adsorption in RECC. 26401638 3 1 theme CS2 454:456 arg1 modification 458:469 the CS2 modification 450:469 the CS2 modification 450:469 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 10 2 theme carbon 1129:1134 arg1 layers 1136:1141 carbon layers 1129:1141 carbon layers 1129:1141 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 1 3 theme hydrothermal 140:151 arg1 carbonization 153:165 hydrothermal carbonization 140:165 hydrothermal carbonization 140:165 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) were prepared with hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source and REC as the template. 26401638 4 4 theme Pb 531:532 arg1 process 520:526 The adsorption process 505:526 The adsorption process of Pb(2+) 505:536 The adsorption process of Pb(2+) was investigated. 26401638 11 5 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 1264:1289 arg1 solution 1317:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 RECCX could be easily regenerated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution. 26401638 8 6 theme pseudo-second-order 913:931 arg1 model 933:937 the pseudo-second-order model 909:937 the pseudo-second-order model 909:937 The kinetic adsorption and the isotherm data matched the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model well. 26401638 7 7 theme xanthate 839:846 arg1 groups 848:853 xanthate groups 839:853 xanthate groups 839:853 With the increasing of CS2 dosages, the adsorption capacities of RECCXs obviously improved due to the formation of the chelation between Pb(2+) and xanthate groups. 26401638 10 8 with competitive 1081:1091 arg1 absorbents 1104:1113 other absorbents 1098:1113 other absorbents 1098:1113 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 3 9 theme hydrothermal 318:329 arg1 process 331:337 The hydrothermal process 314:337 The hydrothermal process 314:337 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 10 10 theme Pb 1206:1207 arg1 adsorption 1213:1222 the Pb(2+) adsorption 1202:1222 the Pb(2+) adsorption 1202:1222 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 8 11 theme kinetic 860:866 arg1 adsorption 868:877 The kinetic adsorption 856:877 The kinetic adsorption 856:877 The kinetic adsorption and the isotherm data matched the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model well. 26401638 7 12 theme RECCXs 756:761 arg1 capacities 742:751 the adsorption capacities 727:751 the adsorption capacities of RECCXs 727:761 With the increasing of CS2 dosages, the adsorption capacities of RECCXs obviously improved due to the formation of the chelation between Pb(2+) and xanthate groups. 26401638 3 13 theme carbon 407:412 arg1 layers 414:419 carbon layers 407:419 carbon layers 407:419 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 1 14 theme rectorite 79:87 arg1 RECCs 114:118 RECCs 114:118 RECCs 114:118 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) were prepared with hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source and REC as the template. 26401638 1 14 theme rectorite 79:87 arg1 composites 102:111 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites 75:111 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) 75:119 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) were prepared with hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source and REC as the template. 26401638 7 15 theme adsorption 731:740 arg1 capacities 742:751 the adsorption capacities 727:751 the adsorption capacities of RECCXs 727:761 With the increasing of CS2 dosages, the adsorption capacities of RECCXs obviously improved due to the formation of the chelation between Pb(2+) and xanthate groups. 26401638 0 16 theme rectorite/carbon 4:19 arg1 composites 21:30 The rectorite/carbon composites 0:30 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 0:73 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 0 16 theme rectorite/carbon 4:19 arg1 adsorption 63:72 adsorption 63:72 adsorption 63:72 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 0 16 theme rectorite/carbon 4:19 arg1 modification 46:57 modification 46:57 modification 46:57 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 0 16 theme rectorite/carbon 4:19 arg1 Fabrication 33:43 Fabrication 33:43 Fabrication 33:43 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 8 17 theme Langmuir 947:954 arg1 model 956:960 the Langmuir model 943:960 the Langmuir model 943:960 The kinetic adsorption and the isotherm data matched the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model well. 26401638 2 18 theme RECC 280:283 arg1 composites 302:311 RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites 280:311 RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites 280:311 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 11 19 theme salt 1305:1308 arg1 solution 1317:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 RECCX could be easily regenerated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution. 26401638 3 20 theme large 352:356 arg1 number 358:363 a large number 350:363 a large number of oxygen-containing groups 350:391 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 4 21 theme adsorption 509:518 arg1 process 520:526 The adsorption process 505:526 The adsorption process of Pb(2+) 505:536 The adsorption process of Pb(2+) was investigated. 26401638 7 22 theme chelation 810:818 arg1 formation 793:801 the formation 789:801 the formation of the chelation between Pb(2+) and xanthate groups 789:853 With the increasing of CS2 dosages, the adsorption capacities of RECCXs obviously improved due to the formation of the chelation between Pb(2+) and xanthate groups. 26401638 10 23 from REC 1124:1126 arg1 composites 1172:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 9 24 theme maximum 972:978 arg1 capacities 991:1000 The maximum adsorption capacities 968:1000 The maximum adsorption capacities 968:1000 The maximum adsorption capacities could reach 225.7 and 431.0 mg/g for RECC and RECCX, respectively. 26401638 8 25 theme isotherm 887:894 arg1 data 896:899 the isotherm data 883:899 the isotherm data 883:899 The kinetic adsorption and the isotherm data matched the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model well. 26401638 10 26 from layers 1136:1141 arg1 composites 1172:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 9 27 theme adsorption 980:989 arg1 capacities 991:1000 The maximum adsorption capacities 968:1000 The maximum adsorption capacities 968:1000 The maximum adsorption capacities could reach 225.7 and 431.0 mg/g for RECC and RECCX, respectively. 26401638 1 28 theme carbon 183:188 arg1 source 190:195 carbon source 183:195 carbon source 183:195 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) were prepared with hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source and REC as the template. 26401638 1 29 theme /carbon 94:100 arg1 RECCs 114:118 RECCs 114:118 RECCs 114:118 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) were prepared with hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source and REC as the template. 26401638 1 29 theme /carbon 94:100 arg1 composites 102:111 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites 75:111 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) 75:119 The rectorite (REC)/carbon composites (RECCs) were prepared with hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source and REC as the template. 26401638 7 30 theme CS2 714:716 arg1 dosages 718:724 CS2 dosages 714:724 CS2 dosages 714:724 With the increasing of CS2 dosages, the adsorption capacities of RECCXs obviously improved due to the formation of the chelation between Pb(2+) and xanthate groups. 26401638 3 31 theme oxygen-containing 368:384 arg1 groups 386:391 oxygen-containing groups 368:391 oxygen-containing groups 368:391 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 11 32 theme EDTA 1311:1314 arg1 solution 1317:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 RECCX could be easily regenerated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution. 26401638 10 33 theme RECCX 1166:1170 arg1 composites 1172:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 3 34 theme groups 386:391 arg1 number 358:363 a large number 350:363 a large number of oxygen-containing groups 350:391 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 6 35 theme 2+ 667:668 arg1 adsorption 671:680 the Pb(2+) adsorption 660:680 the Pb(2+) adsorption 660:680 The oxygen-containing groups increased the Pb(2+) adsorption in RECC. 26401638 11 36 theme disodium 1296:1303 arg1 solution 1317:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 RECCX could be easily regenerated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution. 26401638 10 37 from groups 1156:1161 arg1 composites 1172:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCX composites 1166:1181 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 2 38 theme RECCX 295:299 arg1 composites 302:311 RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites 280:311 RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites 280:311 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 6 39 theme Pb 664:665 arg1 adsorption 671:680 the Pb(2+) adsorption 660:680 the Pb(2+) adsorption 660:680 The oxygen-containing groups increased the Pb(2+) adsorption in RECC. 26401638 3 40 theme REC 441:443 arg1 surface 430:436 the surface 426:436 the surface of REC 426:443 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 2 41 theme carbon 247:252 arg1 CS2 265:267 CS2 265:267 CS2 265:267 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 2 41 theme carbon 247:252 arg1 disulfide 254:262 carbon disulfide 247:262 carbon disulfide (CS2) 247:268 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 0 42 dep composites 21:30 arg1 composites 21:30 The rectorite/carbon composites 0:30 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 0:73 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 0 42 dep composites 21:30 arg1 adsorption 63:72 adsorption 63:72 adsorption 63:72 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 0 42 dep composites 21:30 arg1 modification 46:57 modification 46:57 modification 46:57 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 0 42 dep composites 21:30 arg1 Fabrication 33:43 Fabrication 33:43 Fabrication 33:43 The rectorite/carbon composites: Fabrication, modification and adsorption. 26401638 2 43 theme xanthate 285:292 arg1 composites 302:311 RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites 280:311 RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites 280:311 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 10 44 theme xanthate 1147:1154 arg1 groups 1156:1161 xanthate groups 1147:1161 xanthate groups 1147:1161 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 10 45 theme other 1098:1102 arg1 absorbents 1104:1113 other absorbents 1098:1113 other absorbents 1098:1113 RECCXs were competitive with other absorbents, because REC, carbon layers and xanthate groups in RECCX composites all contributed to the Pb(2+) adsorption. 26401638 2 46 mod modified 233:240 arg3 disulfide 254:262 carbon disulfide 247:262 carbon disulfide (CS2) 247:268 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 2 46 mod modified 233:240 arg3 CS2 265:267 CS2 265:267 CS2 265:267 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 2 46 mod modified 233:240 arg1 RECCs 222:226 RECCs 222:226 RECCs 222:226 RECCs were modified with carbon disulfide (CS2) to obtain RECC xanthate (RECCX) composites. 26401638 3 47 theme xanthate 479:486 arg1 groups 488:493 xanthate groups 479:493 xanthate groups 479:493 The hydrothermal process introduced a large number of oxygen-containing groups by depositing carbon layers onto the surface of REC, and the CS2 modification brought xanthate groups into REC. 26401638 11 48 theme acid 1291:1294 arg1 solution 1317:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution 1264:1324 RECCX could be easily regenerated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution. 26839072 2 0 theme study 353:357 arg1 aim 341:343 The aim 337:343 The aim of this study 337:357 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 7 1 dep = 1467:1467 arg1 = 1503:1503 = 1503:1503 = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents 1503:1536 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 2 2 dep composition 486:496 arg1 the 482:484 the 482:484 the 482:484 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 7 3 theme control 1449:1455 arg1 males 1457:1461 control males 1449:1461 control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents) 1449:1537 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 10 4 dep bacteria 1995:2002 arg1 autochtonous 1961:1972 autochtonous 1961:1972 autochtonous 1961:1972 Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health). 26839072 8 5 theme inflammatory 1561:1572 arg1 gamma 1631:1635 interferon gamma 1620:1635 interferon gamma 1620:1635 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 5 theme inflammatory 1561:1572 arg1 biomarkers 1574:1583 inflammatory biomarkers 1561:1583 inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha) 1561:1669 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 5 theme inflammatory 1561:1572 arg1 interleukin 1586:1596 interleukin 1586:1596 interleukin (IL)-6 1586:1603 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 5 theme inflammatory 1561:1572 arg1 IL-12 1606:1610 IL-12 1606:1610 IL-12 1606:1610 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 5 theme inflammatory 1561:1572 arg1 IL-1β 1613:1617 IL-1β 1613:1617 IL-1β 1613:1617 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 5 theme inflammatory 1561:1572 arg1 alpha 1664:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 6 6 theme prebiotic-fed 1282:1294 arg1 mice 1296:1299 the prebiotic-fed mice 1278:1299 the prebiotic-fed mice 1278:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 9 7 from concentrations 1712:1725 arg1 stools 1730:1735 stools 1730:1735 stools of prebiotic fed mice 1730:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 4 8 theme amplicons 761:769 arg1 Pyrosequencing 734:747 Pyrosequencing 734:747 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons 734:769 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 9 9 from increase 1772:1779 arg1 excretion 1815:1823 reduced excretion 1807:1823 reduced excretion 1807:1823 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 9 9 from increase 1772:1779 arg1 absorption 1792:1801 colonic absorption 1784:1801 colonic absorption 1784:1801 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 9 10 theme reduced 1807:1813 arg1 excretion 1815:1823 reduced excretion 1807:1823 reduced excretion 1807:1823 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 1 11 theme specific 200:207 arg1 changes 209:215 specific changes 200:215 specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota 200:285 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 7 12 theme intestinal 1423:1432 arg1 contents 1434:1441 intestinal contents 1423:1441 intestinal contents 1423:1441 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 7 13 from contents 1434:1441 arg1 = 1407:1407 = 1407:1407 = 1407:1407 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 8 14 theme tumour 1641:1646 arg1 alpha 1664:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 14 theme tumour 1641:1646 arg1 biomarkers 1574:1583 inflammatory biomarkers 1561:1583 inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha) 1561:1669 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 5 15 theme decreased 1024:1032 arg1 abundance 1034:1042 decreased abundance 1024:1042 decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium 1024:1089 Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. 26839072 8 16 theme factor 1657:1662 arg1 alpha 1664:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 16 theme factor 1657:1662 arg1 biomarkers 1574:1583 inflammatory biomarkers 1561:1583 inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha) 1561:1669 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 2 17 theme gut 524:526 arg1 microbiota 528:537 the mouse gut microbiota 514:537 the mouse gut microbiota 514:537 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 6 18 theme pseudocatenulatum 1204:1220 arg1 abundance 1145:1153 an increased abundance 1132:1153 an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice 1132:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 1 19 from changes 209:215 arg1 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 1 19 from changes 209:215 arg1 activity 243:250 activity 243:250 activity 243:250 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 7 20 theme intestinal 1518:1527 arg1 contents 1529:1536 intestinal contents 1518:1536 intestinal contents 1518:1536 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 4 21 theme individual 972:981 arg1 mice 983:986 individual mice 972:986 individual mice 972:986 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 7 22 from = 1407:1407 arg1 contents 1434:1441 intestinal contents 1423:1441 intestinal contents 1423:1441 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 2 23 theme pure 461:464 arg1 GOS 466:468 90% pure GOS 457:468 90% pure GOS (GOS90) 457:476 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 2 23 theme pure 461:464 arg1 GOS90 471:475 GOS90 471:475 GOS90 471:475 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 gamma 1631:1635 interferon gamma 1620:1635 interferon gamma 1620:1635 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 biomarkers 1574:1583 inflammatory biomarkers 1561:1583 inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha) 1561:1669 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 interleukin 1586:1596 interleukin 1586:1596 interleukin (IL)-6 1586:1603 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 IL-12 1606:1610 IL-12 1606:1610 IL-12 1606:1610 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 IL-1β 1613:1617 IL-1β 1613:1617 IL-1β 1613:1617 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 IL 1599:1600 IL 1599:1600 IL 1599:1600 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 24 dep biomarkers 1574:1583 arg1 alpha 1664:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 10 25 theme probiome 1951:1958 arg1 expansion 1934:1942 expansion 1934:1942 expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health) 1934:2055 Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health). 26839072 7 26 theme 9.5 1505:1507 arg1 ± 1509:1509 ± 1509:1509 ± 1509:1509 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 9 27 theme butyrate 1682:1689 arg1 concentrations 1712:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations 1672:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice 1672:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 0 28 theme gut 120:122 arg1 microbiome 124:133 the mouse gut microbiome 110:133 the mouse gut microbiome 110:133 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 7 29 theme phylogenetic 1349:1360 arg1 PD 1373:1374 PD 1373:1374 PD 1373:1374 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 7 29 theme phylogenetic 1349:1360 arg1 diversity 1362:1370 phylogenetic diversity 1349:1370 phylogenetic diversity (PD) 1349:1375 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 9 30 theme acetate 1692:1698 arg1 concentrations 1712:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations 1672:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice 1672:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 0 31 theme High 0:3 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 12:35 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides 0:35 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides 0:35 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 7 32 from = 1377:1377 arg1 stools 1393:1398 stools 1393:1398 stools 1393:1398 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 9 33 theme lactate 1704:1710 arg1 concentrations 1712:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations 1672:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice 1672:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 7 34 dep males 1457:1461 arg1 PD 1464:1465 PD 1464:1465 PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents 1464:1536 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 7 35 from PD 1500:1501 arg1 samples 1488:1494 stool samples 1482:1494 stool samples 1482:1494 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 7 36 theme stool 1482:1486 arg1 samples 1488:1494 stool samples 1482:1494 stool samples 1482:1494 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 2 37 theme 90 457:458 arg1 % 459:459 % 459:459 % 459:459 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 3 38 theme wt 610:611 arg1 mice 617:620 wt 129 mice 610:620 wt 129 mice 610:620 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 0 39 theme specific 45:52 arg1 species 70:76 specific Bifidobacterium species 45:76 specific Bifidobacterium species 45:76 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 7 40 dep diversity 1338:1346 arg1 = 1377:1377 = 1377:1377 = 1377:1377 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 7 40 dep diversity 1338:1346 arg1 = 1407:1407 = 1407:1407 = 1407:1407 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 2 41 from influence 379:387 arg1 activity 502:509 activity 502:509 activity 502:509 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 2 41 from influence 379:387 arg1 composition 486:496 composition 486:496 composition 486:496 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 4 42 theme 16S 752:754 arg1 amplicons 761:769 16S rDNA amplicons 752:769 16S rDNA amplicons 752:769 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 4 43 dep Bifidobacterium 783:797 arg1 Bacteroides 827:837 Bacteroides 827:837 Bacteroides 827:837 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 4 44 from impact 933:938 arg1 Bifidobacterium 943:957 Bifidobacterium 943:957 Bifidobacterium 943:957 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 7 45 theme Control 1302:1308 arg1 mice 1317:1320 Control female mice 1302:1320 Control female mice 1302:1320 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 9 46 theme fed 1750:1752 arg1 mice 1754:1757 prebiotic fed mice 1740:1757 prebiotic fed mice 1740:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 3 47 dep pathogen-free 596:608 arg1 mice 617:620 wt 129 mice 610:620 wt 129 mice 610:620 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 10 48 theme intestinal 1899:1908 arg1 microbiome 1910:1919 the intestinal microbiome 1895:1919 the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health) 1895:2055 Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health). 26839072 3 49 from donors 622:627 arg1 microbiota 575:584 microbiota 575:584 microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF) 575:633 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 7 50 from ± 1473:1473 arg1 samples 1488:1494 stool samples 1482:1494 stool samples 1482:1494 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 9 51 theme colonic 1784:1790 arg1 absorption 1792:1801 colonic absorption 1784:1801 colonic absorption 1784:1801 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 4 52 from mice 890:893 arg1 prevalent 867:875 prevalent 867:875 prevalent 867:875 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 2 53 theme microbiota 528:537 arg1 activity 502:509 activity 502:509 activity 502:509 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 2 53 theme microbiota 528:537 arg1 composition 486:496 composition 486:496 composition 486:496 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 9 54 theme prebiotic 1740:1748 arg1 mice 1754:1757 prebiotic fed mice 1740:1757 prebiotic fed mice 1740:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 4 55 theme rDNA 756:759 arg1 amplicons 761:769 16S rDNA amplicons 752:769 16S rDNA amplicons 752:769 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 6 56 theme increased 1135:1143 arg1 abundance 1145:1153 an increased abundance 1132:1153 an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice 1132:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 10 57 theme beneficial 2025:2034 arg1 influence 2036:2044 a beneficial influence 2023:2044 a beneficial influence 2023:2044 Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health). 26839072 6 58 theme gallicum 1266:1273 arg1 abundance 1145:1153 an increased abundance 1132:1153 an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice 1132:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 8 59 theme interferon 1620:1629 arg1 gamma 1631:1635 interferon gamma 1620:1635 interferon gamma 1620:1635 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 59 theme interferon 1620:1629 arg1 biomarkers 1574:1583 inflammatory biomarkers 1561:1583 inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha) 1561:1669 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 6 60 theme quantitative 1108:1119 arg1 PCR 1121:1123 High-throughput quantitative PCR 1092:1123 High-throughput quantitative PCR 1092:1123 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 3 61 theme feeding 671:677 arg1 trial 679:683 a feeding trial 669:683 a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days 669:731 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 4 62 from prevalent 867:875 arg1 mice 890:893 GOS90-fed mice 880:893 GOS90-fed mice 880:893 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 3 63 theme Germ-free 540:548 arg1 mice 550:553 Germ-free mice 540:553 Germ-free mice 540:553 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 10 64 theme intestinal 1984:1993 arg1 bacteria 1995:2002 commensal intestinal bacteria 1974:2002 commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health 1974:2054 Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health). 26839072 6 65 theme lactis 1239:1244 arg1 abundance 1145:1153 an increased abundance 1132:1153 an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice 1132:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 8 66 theme necrosis 1648:1655 arg1 alpha 1664:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 tumour necrosis factor alpha 1641:1668 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 8 66 theme necrosis 1648:1655 arg1 biomarkers 1574:1583 inflammatory biomarkers 1561:1583 inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha) 1561:1669 GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). 26839072 2 67 theme mouse 518:522 arg1 microbiota 528:537 the mouse gut microbiota 514:537 the mouse gut microbiota 514:537 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 5 68 theme Prebiotic 989:997 arg1 feeding 999:1005 Prebiotic feeding 989:1005 Prebiotic feeding 989:1005 Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. 26839072 7 69 from stools 1393:1398 arg1 = 1377:1377 = 1377:1377 = 1377:1377 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 0 70 theme metabolic 88:96 arg1 activity 98:105 their metabolic activity 82:105 their metabolic activity 82:105 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 1 71 theme fermented 163:171 arg1 ingredients 173:183 selectively fermented ingredients 151:183 selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health 151:334 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 1 71 theme fermented 163:171 arg1 Prebiotics 136:145 Prebiotics 136:145 Prebiotics 136:145 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 10 72 theme commensal 1974:1982 arg1 bacteria 1995:2002 commensal intestinal bacteria 1974:2002 commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health 1974:2054 Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health). 26839072 6 73 theme adolescentis 1174:1185 arg1 abundance 1145:1153 an increased abundance 1132:1153 an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice 1132:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 9 74 theme Decreased 1672:1680 arg1 concentrations 1712:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations 1672:1725 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice 1672:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 5 75 theme Clostridium 1079:1089 arg1 abundance 1034:1042 decreased abundance 1024:1042 decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium 1024:1089 Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. 26839072 2 76 theme % 459:459 arg1 GOS 466:468 90% pure GOS 457:468 90% pure GOS (GOS90) 457:476 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 2 76 theme % 459:459 arg1 GOS90 471:475 GOS90 471:475 GOS90 471:475 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 0 77 theme mouse 114:118 arg1 microbiome 124:133 the mouse gut microbiome 110:133 the mouse gut microbiome 110:133 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 4 78 theme GOS90-fed 880:888 arg1 mice 890:893 GOS90-fed mice 880:893 GOS90-fed mice 880:893 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 6 79 from abundance 1145:1153 arg1 mice 1296:1299 the prebiotic-fed mice 1278:1299 the prebiotic-fed mice 1278:1299 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 5 80 theme Bacteroidales 1047:1059 arg1 abundance 1034:1042 decreased abundance 1024:1042 decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium 1024:1089 Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. 26839072 0 81 theme purity 5:10 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 12:35 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides 0:35 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides 0:35 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 5 82 theme Helicobacter 1062:1073 arg1 abundance 1034:1042 decreased abundance 1024:1042 decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium 1024:1089 Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. 26839072 7 83 theme higher 1331:1336 arg1 diversity 1338:1346 a higher diversity 1329:1346 a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents) 1329:1537 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 2 84 theme GOS 426:428 arg1 formulation 431:441 a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation 392:441 a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation 392:441 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 2 85 theme galacto-oligosaccharides 400:423 arg1 formulation 431:441 a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation 392:441 a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation 392:441 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 3 86 theme pathogen-free 596:608 arg1 SPF 630:632 SPF 630:632 SPF 630:632 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 3 86 theme pathogen-free 596:608 arg1 donors 622:627 four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors 591:627 four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF) 591:633 Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. 26839072 0 87 theme Bifidobacterium 54:68 arg1 species 70:76 specific Bifidobacterium species 45:76 specific Bifidobacterium species 45:76 High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. 26839072 7 88 theme female 1310:1315 arg1 mice 1317:1320 Control female mice 1302:1320 Control female mice 1302:1320 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 4 89 theme prebiotic 923:931 arg1 impact 933:938 the prebiotic impact 919:938 the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium 919:957 Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. 26839072 1 90 theme gastrointestinal 259:274 arg1 microbiota 276:285 the gastrointestinal microbiota 255:285 the gastrointestinal microbiota 255:285 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 2 91 theme β 394:394 arg1 formulation 431:441 a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation 392:441 a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation 392:441 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 1 92 theme host 324:327 arg1 health 329:334 the host health 320:334 the host health 320:334 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 6 93 theme High-throughput 1092:1106 arg1 PCR 1121:1123 High-throughput quantitative PCR 1092:1123 High-throughput quantitative PCR 1092:1123 High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. 26839072 2 94 theme formulation 431:441 arg1 influence 379:387 the influence 375:387 the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota 375:537 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. 26839072 9 95 theme mice 1754:1757 arg1 stools 1730:1735 stools 1730:1735 stools of prebiotic fed mice 1730:1757 Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. 26839072 7 96 theme = 1467:1467 arg1 PD 1464:1465 PD 1464:1465 PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents 1464:1536 Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). 26839072 1 97 dep composition 224:234 arg1 the 220:222 the 220:222 the 220:222 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26839072 1 98 theme microbiota 276:285 arg1 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. 26686160 1 0 theme chondroitin 196:206 arg1 ChS 217:219 ChS 217:219 ChS 217:219 Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and trimethylchitosan (TMC). 26686160 1 0 theme chondroitin 196:206 arg1 sulfate 208:214 chondroitin sulfate 196:214 chondroitin sulfate (ChS) 196:220 Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and trimethylchitosan (TMC). 26686160 5 1 with spherical 564:572 arg1 size 591:594 an average size 580:594 an average size of ∼ 300 nm 580:606 TEM images showed that the NPs were nearly spherical, with an average size of ∼ 300 nm. 26686160 2 2 theme ratio 353:357 arg1 size 254:257 NP size 251:257 NP size 251:257 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 2 theme ratio 353:357 arg1 charge 268:273 surface charge 260:273 surface charge 260:273 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 2 theme ratio 353:357 arg1 yield 286:290 formation yield 276:290 formation yield 276:290 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 2 theme ratio 353:357 arg1 function 334:341 a function 332:341 a function of weight ratio and concentration 332:375 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 2 theme ratio 353:357 arg1 content 303:309 water content 297:309 water content 297:309 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 6 3 theme Encapsulation 609:621 arg1 efficiency 623:632 Encapsulation efficiency 609:632 Encapsulation efficiency 609:632 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 8 4 theme release 820:826 arg1 profile 828:834 The release profile 816:834 The release profile 816:834 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 26686160 5 5 theme ∼ 599:599 arg1 nm 605:606 ∼ 300 nm 599:606 ∼ 300 nm 599:606 TEM images showed that the NPs were nearly spherical, with an average size of ∼ 300 nm. 26686160 2 6 theme water 297:301 arg1 size 254:257 NP size 251:257 NP size 251:257 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 6 theme water 297:301 arg1 charge 268:273 surface charge 260:273 surface charge 260:273 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 6 theme water 297:301 arg1 yield 286:290 formation yield 276:290 formation yield 276:290 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 6 theme water 297:301 arg1 function 334:341 a function 332:341 a function of weight ratio and concentration 332:375 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 6 theme water 297:301 arg1 content 303:309 water content 297:309 water content 297:309 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 8 7 theme ChS-TMC 890:896 arg1 NPs 898:900 positively charged ChS-TMC NPs 871:900 positively charged ChS-TMC NPs 871:900 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 26686160 8 8 theme release 837:843 arg1 kinetics 845:852 release kinetics 837:852 release kinetics 837:852 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 26686160 11 9 theme A549 1035:1038 arg1 cells 1040:1044 A549 cells 1035:1044 A549 cells 1035:1044 A549 cells took up more positively charged (49.4%) than negatively charged (35.5%) NPs. 26686160 7 10 dep efficiency 804:813 arg1 % 788:788 % 788:788 % 788:788 Negatively charged NPs had only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency. 26686160 5 11 theme nm 605:606 arg1 size 591:594 an average size 580:594 an average size of ∼ 300 nm 580:606 TEM images showed that the NPs were nearly spherical, with an average size of ∼ 300 nm. 26686160 6 12 theme albumin 728:734 arg1 concentration 736:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 3 13 theme mass 441:444 arg1 ratio 446:450 the ChS/TMC mass ratio 429:450 the ChS/TMC mass ratio 429:450 Size and zeta potential were controlled by varying the ChS/TMC mass ratio. 26686160 4 14 theme NP 504:505 arg1 constituents 507:518 composite NP constituents 494:518 composite NP constituents 494:518 FTIR spectra revealed interactions among composite NP constituents. 26686160 7 15 theme charged 762:768 arg1 NPs 770:772 Negatively charged NPs 751:772 Negatively charged NPs 751:772 Negatively charged NPs had only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency. 26686160 5 16 theme TEM 521:523 arg1 images 525:530 TEM images 521:530 TEM images 521:530 TEM images showed that the NPs were nearly spherical, with an average size of ∼ 300 nm. 26686160 3 17 theme zeta 387:390 arg1 potential 392:400 zeta potential 387:400 zeta potential 387:400 Size and zeta potential were controlled by varying the ChS/TMC mass ratio. 26686160 4 18 theme composite 494:502 arg1 constituents 507:518 composite NP constituents 494:518 composite NP constituents 494:518 FTIR spectra revealed interactions among composite NP constituents. 26686160 6 19 from increases 675:683 arg1 concentration 736:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 6 20 theme isothiocyanate-bovine 700:720 arg1 concentration 736:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 5 21 theme average 583:589 arg1 size 591:594 an average size 580:594 an average size of ∼ 300 nm 580:606 TEM images showed that the NPs were nearly spherical, with an average size of ∼ 300 nm. 26686160 6 22 theme fluorescein 688:698 arg1 concentration 736:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 3 23 theme ChS/TMC 433:439 arg1 ratio 446:450 the ChS/TMC mass ratio 429:450 the ChS/TMC mass ratio 429:450 Size and zeta potential were controlled by varying the ChS/TMC mass ratio. 26686160 0 24 theme surface-charged 26:40 arg1 sulfate-trimethylchitosan 54:78 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan 0:78 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan 0:78 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan nanoparticles as protein carriers. 26686160 1 25 theme surface-charged 141:155 arg1 NPs 172:174 NPs 172:174 NPs 172:174 Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and trimethylchitosan (TMC). 26686160 1 25 theme surface-charged 141:155 arg1 nanoparticles 157:169 Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles 115:169 Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles (NPs) 115:175 Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and trimethylchitosan (TMC). 26686160 10 26 theme NPs 994:996 arg1 types 985:989 Both types 980:989 Both types of NPs 980:996 Both types of NPs were taken up and retained in cells. 26686160 4 27 theme FTIR 453:456 arg1 spectra 458:464 FTIR spectra 453:464 FTIR spectra 453:464 FTIR spectra revealed interactions among composite NP constituents. 26686160 11 28 theme charged 1102:1108 arg1 % 1115:1115 35.5% 1111:1115 35.5% 1111:1115 A549 cells took up more positively charged (49.4%) than negatively charged (35.5%) NPs. 26686160 11 28 theme charged 1102:1108 arg1 NPs 1118:1120 negatively charged (35.5%) NPs 1091:1120 negatively charged (35.5%) NPs 1091:1120 A549 cells took up more positively charged (49.4%) than negatively charged (35.5%) NPs. 26686160 8 29 theme NPs 898:900 arg1 mechanism 858:866 mechanism 858:866 mechanism 858:866 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 26686160 8 29 theme NPs 898:900 arg1 profile 828:834 The release profile 816:834 The release profile 816:834 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 26686160 8 29 theme NPs 898:900 arg1 kinetics 845:852 release kinetics 837:852 release kinetics 837:852 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 26686160 11 30 dep charged 1070:1076 arg1 % 1083:1083 49.4% 1079:1083 49.4% 1079:1083 A549 cells took up more positively charged (49.4%) than negatively charged (35.5%) NPs. 26686160 0 31 theme chondroitin 42:52 arg1 sulfate-trimethylchitosan 54:78 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan 0:78 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan 0:78 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan nanoparticles as protein carriers. 26686160 7 32 dep % 788:788 arg1 10-20 783:787 10-20 783:787 10-20 783:787 Negatively charged NPs had only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency. 26686160 2 33 theme NP 251:252 arg1 size 254:257 NP size 251:257 NP size 251:257 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 33 theme NP 251:252 arg1 charge 268:273 surface charge 260:273 surface charge 260:273 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 33 theme NP 251:252 arg1 yield 286:290 formation yield 276:290 formation yield 276:290 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 33 theme NP 251:252 arg1 function 334:341 a function 332:341 a function of weight ratio and concentration 332:375 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 33 theme NP 251:252 arg1 content 303:309 water content 297:309 water content 297:309 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 34 theme weight 346:351 arg1 ratio 353:357 weight ratio 346:357 weight ratio 346:357 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 7 35 theme encapsulation 790:802 arg1 efficiency 804:813 only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency 778:813 only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency 778:813 Negatively charged NPs had only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency. 26686160 9 36 theme NP 925:926 arg1 cytocompatibility 928:944 NP cytocompatibility 925:944 NP cytocompatibility 925:944 NP cytocompatibility and uptake were verified ex vivo. 26686160 2 37 theme formation 276:284 arg1 size 254:257 NP size 251:257 NP size 251:257 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 37 theme formation 276:284 arg1 charge 268:273 surface charge 260:273 surface charge 260:273 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 37 theme formation 276:284 arg1 yield 286:290 formation yield 276:290 formation yield 276:290 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 37 theme formation 276:284 arg1 function 334:341 a function 332:341 a function of weight ratio and concentration 332:375 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 37 theme formation 276:284 arg1 content 303:309 water content 297:309 water content 297:309 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 6 38 theme charged 658:664 arg1 NPs 666:668 positively charged NPs 647:668 positively charged NPs 647:668 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 7 39 contain had 774:776 arg1 NPs 770:772 Negatively charged NPs 751:772 Negatively charged NPs 751:772 Negatively charged NPs had only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency. 26686160 7 39 contain had 774:776 arg2 efficiency 804:813 only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency 778:813 only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency 778:813 Negatively charged NPs had only 10-20% encapsulation efficiency. 26686160 6 40 theme serum 722:726 arg1 concentration 736:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration 688:748 Encapsulation efficiency increased in positively charged NPs with increases in fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin concentration. 26686160 0 41 theme protein 97:103 arg1 carriers 105:112 protein carriers 97:112 protein carriers 97:112 Positively and negatively surface-charged chondroitin sulfate-trimethylchitosan nanoparticles as protein carriers. 26686160 2 42 theme surface 260:266 arg1 size 254:257 NP size 251:257 NP size 251:257 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 42 theme surface 260:266 arg1 charge 268:273 surface charge 260:273 surface charge 260:273 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 42 theme surface 260:266 arg1 yield 286:290 formation yield 276:290 formation yield 276:290 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 42 theme surface 260:266 arg1 function 334:341 a function 332:341 a function of weight ratio and concentration 332:375 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 42 theme surface 260:266 arg1 content 303:309 water content 297:309 water content 297:309 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 43 theme concentration 363:375 arg1 size 254:257 NP size 251:257 NP size 251:257 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 43 theme concentration 363:375 arg1 charge 268:273 surface charge 260:273 surface charge 260:273 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 43 theme concentration 363:375 arg1 yield 286:290 formation yield 276:290 formation yield 276:290 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 43 theme concentration 363:375 arg1 function 334:341 a function 332:341 a function of weight ratio and concentration 332:375 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 2 43 theme concentration 363:375 arg1 content 303:309 water content 297:309 water content 297:309 NP size, surface charge, formation yield, and water content were investigated as a function of weight ratio and concentration. 26686160 8 44 theme charged 882:888 arg1 NPs 898:900 positively charged ChS-TMC NPs 871:900 positively charged ChS-TMC NPs 871:900 The release profile, release kinetics and mechanism of positively charged ChS-TMC NPs were studied in vitro. 24485036 3 0 theme adsorbent 466:474 arg1 affinity 457:464 affinity adsorbent 457:474 affinity adsorbent for protein adsorption 457:497 Accordingly, Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand was covalently immobilized onto the support matrix to prepare affinity adsorbent for protein adsorption. 24485036 9 1 theme 450cm/h 1320:1326 arg1 velocity 1308:1315 the high flow velocity 1294:1315 the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency 1294:1374 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 8 2 theme dynamic 1104:1110 arg1 DBC 1130:1132 DBC 1130:1132 DBC 1130:1132 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 8 2 theme dynamic 1104:1110 arg1 capacity 1120:1127 a higher dynamic binding capacity 1095:1127 a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) 1095:1133 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 4 3 theme commercial 562:571 arg1 matrix 573:578 commercial matrix 562:578 Streamline commercial matrix 551:578 Results were then compared with data obtained from Streamline commercial matrix. 24485036 10 4 theme expanded 1482:1489 arg1 dependency 1507:1516 the expanded bed performance dependency 1478:1516 the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein 1478:1648 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 12 5 theme matrices 1899:1906 arg1 fraction 1881:1888 small size fraction 1870:1888 small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices 1870:1906 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 6 6 theme capacity 830:837 arg1 capacity 830:837 the adsorption capacity 815:837 the adsorption capacity 815:837 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 6 6 theme capacity 830:837 arg1 % 810:810 More than 70% 798:810 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity 798:837 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 2 7 from proteins 297:304 arg1 studies 337:343 column adsorption studies 319:343 column adsorption studies 319:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 7 from proteins 297:304 arg1 batch 309:313 batch 309:313 batch 309:313 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 5 8 theme RG19 602:605 arg1 derivatives 607:617 RG19 derivatives 602:617 RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) 602:639 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 9 9 theme favorable 1348:1356 arg1 efficiency 1365:1374 the favorable column efficiency 1344:1374 the favorable column efficiency 1344:1374 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 9 10 from breakthrough 1229:1240 arg1 DBC 1218:1220 DBC 1218:1220 DBC at 10% breakthrough 1218:1240 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 12 11 theme size 1876:1879 arg1 fraction 1881:1888 small size fraction 1870:1888 small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices 1870:1906 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 6 12 theme EBA 904:906 arg1 operations 908:917 EBA operations 904:917 EBA operations 904:917 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 10 13 theme performance 1495:1505 arg1 dependency 1507:1516 the expanded bed performance dependency 1478:1516 the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein 1478:1648 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 12 14 theme adsorption 1821:1830 arg1 experiments 1832:1842 the adsorption experiments 1817:1842 the adsorption experiments results 1817:1850 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 8 15 theme fluid 1202:1206 arg1 velocity 1208:1215 the same fluid velocity 1193:1215 the same fluid velocity 1193:1215 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 1 16 theme expanded 207:214 arg1 EBA 232:234 EBA 232:234 EBA 232:234 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 1 16 theme expanded 207:214 arg1 adsorption 220:229 expanded bed adsorption 207:229 expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 207:235 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 6 17 theme reasonable 876:885 arg1 30min 859:863 30min 859:863 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations 859:917 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 6 17 theme reasonable 876:885 arg1 time 895:898 a reasonable contact time 874:898 a reasonable contact time for EBA operations 874:917 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 5 18 theme adsorption 656:665 arg1 rate 667:670 high adsorption rate 651:670 high adsorption rate 651:670 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 10 19 theme adsorbent 1525:1533 arg1 size 1544:1547 the adsorbent particle size 1521:1547 the adsorbent particle size 1521:1547 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 5 20 theme high 651:654 arg1 rate 667:670 high adsorption rate 651:670 high adsorption rate 651:670 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 7 21 theme isotherm 978:985 arg1 model 987:991 Langmuir isotherm model 969:991 Langmuir isotherm model 969:991 The equilibrium adsorption data well agreed with Langmuir isotherm model. 24485036 2 22 theme Bovine 238:243 arg1 BSA 260:262 BSA 260:262 BSA 260:262 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 22 theme Bovine 238:243 arg1 proteins 297:304 model proteins 291:304 model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies 291:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 22 theme Bovine 238:243 arg1 albumin 251:257 Bovine serum albumin 238:257 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) 238:263 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 22 theme Bovine 238:243 arg1 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 7 23 theme equilibrium 924:934 arg1 data 947:950 The equilibrium adsorption data 920:950 The equilibrium adsorption data 920:950 The equilibrium adsorption data well agreed with Langmuir isotherm model. 24485036 12 24 theme bed 1943:1945 arg1 adsorption 1947:1956 expanded bed adsorption 1934:1956 expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules 1934:1973 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 0 25 theme matrix 70:75 arg1 evaluation 21:30 evaluation 21:30 evaluation 21:30 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 0 25 theme matrix 70:75 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 11 26 theme dispersion 1699:1708 arg1 m 1734:1734 <1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s 1723:1739 <1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s 1723:1739 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 11 26 theme dispersion 1699:1708 arg1 coefficient 1710:1720 less axial dispersion coefficient 1688:1720 less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities 1688:1805 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 0 27 theme possible 81:88 arg1 use 90:92 possible use 81:92 possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 81:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 1 28 theme composite 161:169 arg1 matrix 171:176 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix 138:176 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix 138:176 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 5 29 theme binding 691:697 arg1 capacity 699:706 a higher binding capacity 682:706 a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) 682:735 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 9 30 theme 10 1225:1226 arg1 % 1227:1227 % 1227:1227 % 1227:1227 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 10 31 theme hydrodynamic 1569:1580 arg1 stability 1582:1590 hydrodynamic stability 1569:1590 hydrodynamic stability 1569:1590 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 0 32 theme bed 106:108 arg1 adsorption 110:119 expanded bed adsorption 97:119 expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 97:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 3 33 theme protein 480:486 arg1 adsorption 488:497 protein adsorption 480:497 protein adsorption 480:497 Accordingly, Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand was covalently immobilized onto the support matrix to prepare affinity adsorbent for protein adsorption. 24485036 8 34 theme bed 1007:1009 arg1 studies 1022:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies 994:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies 994:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 8 35 dep matrix 1158:1163 arg1 compare 1168:1174 compare 1168:1174 compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity 1168:1215 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 10 36 theme Ag-Ni 1405:1409 arg1 fractions 1416:1424 two different Ag-Ni size fractions 1391:1424 two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) 1391:1447 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 9 37 theme saturated 1261:1269 arg1 capacity 1282:1289 the saturated adsorption capacity 1257:1289 the saturated adsorption capacity 1257:1289 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 12 38 theme Ag-Ni 1893:1897 arg1 matrices 1899:1906 Ag-Ni matrices 1893:1906 Ag-Ni matrices 1893:1906 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 3 39 theme Reactive 359:366 arg1 dye-ligand 384:393 Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand 359:393 Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand 359:393 Accordingly, Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand was covalently immobilized onto the support matrix to prepare affinity adsorbent for protein adsorption. 24485036 10 40 theme model 1636:1640 arg1 protein 1642:1648 model protein 1636:1648 model protein 1636:1648 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 0 41 theme agarose-nickel 45:58 arg1 matrix 70:75 the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix 35:75 the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 35:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 9 42 theme capacity 1282:1289 arg1 capacity 1282:1289 the saturated adsorption capacity 1257:1289 the saturated adsorption capacity 1257:1289 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 9 42 theme capacity 1282:1289 arg1 % 1252:1252 66% 1250:1252 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity 1250:1289 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 8 43 theme breakthrough 1050:1061 arg1 behavior 1063:1070 a reasonable breakthrough behavior 1037:1070 a reasonable breakthrough behavior 1037:1070 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 2 44 theme model 291:295 arg1 proteins 297:304 model proteins 291:304 model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies 291:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 44 theme model 291:295 arg1 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 44 theme model 291:295 arg1 albumin 251:257 Bovine serum albumin 238:257 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) 238:263 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 1 45 theme bed 216:218 arg1 EBA 232:234 EBA 232:234 EBA 232:234 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 1 45 theme bed 216:218 arg1 adsorption 220:229 expanded bed adsorption 207:229 expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 207:235 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 2 46 theme adsorption 326:335 arg1 studies 337:343 column adsorption studies 319:343 column adsorption studies 319:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 9 47 theme flow 1303:1306 arg1 velocity 1308:1315 the high flow velocity 1294:1315 the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency 1294:1374 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 8 48 theme flow 1080:1083 arg1 rates 1085:1089 high flow rates 1075:1089 high flow rates 1075:1089 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 10 49 from dependency 1507:1516 arg1 size 1544:1547 the adsorbent particle size 1521:1547 the adsorbent particle size 1521:1547 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 5 50 theme Ag-Ni 622:626 arg1 derivatives 607:617 RG19 derivatives 602:617 RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) 602:639 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 10 51 theme bed 1491:1493 arg1 dependency 1507:1516 the expanded bed performance dependency 1478:1516 the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein 1478:1648 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 8 52 theme higher 1097:1102 arg1 DBC 1130:1132 DBC 1130:1132 DBC 1130:1132 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 8 52 theme higher 1097:1102 arg1 capacity 1120:1127 a higher dynamic binding capacity 1095:1127 a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) 1095:1133 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 8 53 theme binding 1112:1118 arg1 DBC 1130:1132 DBC 1130:1132 DBC 1130:1132 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 8 53 theme binding 1112:1118 arg1 capacity 1120:1127 a higher dynamic binding capacity 1095:1127 a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) 1095:1133 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 6 54 theme adsorption 819:828 arg1 capacity 830:837 the adsorption capacity 815:837 the adsorption capacity 815:837 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 5 55 theme adsorbent 726:734 arg1 31.4mg/ml 716:724 31.4mg/ml adsorbent 716:734 31.4mg/ml adsorbent 716:734 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 5 55 theme adsorbent 726:734 arg1 BSA 711:713 BSA 711:713 BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) 711:735 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 9 56 theme column 1358:1363 arg1 efficiency 1365:1374 the favorable column efficiency 1344:1374 the favorable column efficiency 1344:1374 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 0 57 theme bio-products 124:135 arg1 adsorption 110:119 expanded bed adsorption 97:119 expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 97:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 12 58 theme small 1870:1874 arg1 fraction 1881:1888 small size fraction 1870:1888 small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices 1870:1906 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 0 59 from use 90:92 arg1 adsorption 110:119 expanded bed adsorption 97:119 expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 97:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 6 60 theme contact 887:893 arg1 30min 859:863 30min 859:863 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations 859:917 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 6 60 theme contact 887:893 arg1 time 895:898 a reasonable contact time 874:898 a reasonable contact time for EBA operations 874:917 More than 70% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30min which is a reasonable contact time for EBA operations. 24485036 8 61 theme same 1197:1200 arg1 velocity 1208:1215 the same fluid velocity 1193:1215 the same fluid velocity 1193:1215 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 10 62 theme particle 1535:1542 arg1 size 1544:1547 the adsorbent particle size 1521:1547 the adsorbent particle size 1521:1547 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 5 63 theme higher 684:689 arg1 capacity 699:706 a higher binding capacity 682:706 a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) 682:735 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 8 64 theme novel 1152:1156 arg1 matrix 1158:1163 novel matrix 1152:1163 novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity 1152:1215 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 12 65 theme bio-molecules 1961:1973 arg1 adsorption 1947:1956 expanded bed adsorption 1934:1956 expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules 1934:1973 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 7 66 theme Langmuir 969:976 arg1 model 987:991 Langmuir isotherm model 969:991 Langmuir isotherm model 969:991 The equilibrium adsorption data well agreed with Langmuir isotherm model. 24485036 2 67 theme serum 245:249 arg1 BSA 260:262 BSA 260:262 BSA 260:262 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 67 theme serum 245:249 arg1 proteins 297:304 model proteins 291:304 model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies 291:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 67 theme serum 245:249 arg1 albumin 251:257 Bovine serum albumin 238:257 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) 238:263 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 67 theme serum 245:249 arg1 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 1 68 from use 200:202 arg1 EBA 232:234 EBA 232:234 EBA 232:234 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 1 68 from use 200:202 arg1 adsorption 220:229 expanded bed adsorption 207:229 expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 207:235 Agarose-nickel (Ag-Ni) composite matrix was evaluated for its use in expanded bed adsorption (EBA). 24485036 3 69 theme support 431:437 arg1 matrix 439:444 the support matrix 427:444 the support matrix 427:444 Accordingly, Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand was covalently immobilized onto the support matrix to prepare affinity adsorbent for protein adsorption. 24485036 5 70 theme BSA 711:713 arg1 capacity 699:706 a higher binding capacity 682:706 a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) 682:735 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 4 71 dep matrix 573:578 arg1 Streamline 551:560 Streamline 551:560 Streamline 551:560 Results were then compared with data obtained from Streamline commercial matrix. 24485036 7 72 theme adsorption 936:945 arg1 data 947:950 The equilibrium adsorption data 920:950 The equilibrium adsorption data 920:950 The equilibrium adsorption data well agreed with Langmuir isotherm model. 24485036 12 73 theme expanded 1934:1941 arg1 adsorption 1947:1956 expanded bed adsorption 1934:1956 expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules 1934:1973 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 11 74 theme small 1670:1674 arg1 ones 1676:1679 the small ones 1666:1679 the small ones 1666:1679 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 12 75 dep experiments 1832:1842 arg1 results 1844:1850 results 1844:1850 results 1844:1850 Overall, the adsorption experiments results demonstrated that small size fraction of Ag-Ni matrices acts more effectively for expanded bed adsorption of bio-molecules. 24485036 0 76 theme expanded 97:104 arg1 adsorption 110:119 expanded bed adsorption 97:119 expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 97:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 11 77 theme axial 1693:1697 arg1 m 1734:1734 <1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s 1723:1739 <1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s 1723:1739 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 11 77 theme axial 1693:1697 arg1 coefficient 1710:1720 less axial dispersion coefficient 1688:1720 less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities 1688:1805 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 10 78 dep fractions 1416:1424 arg1 75-150 1427:1432 75-150 1427:1432 75-150 1427:1432 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 10 78 dep fractions 1416:1424 arg1 150-300μm 1438:1446 150-300μm 1438:1446 150-300μm 1438:1446 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 9 79 theme % 1227:1227 arg1 breakthrough 1229:1240 10% breakthrough 1225:1240 10% breakthrough 1225:1240 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 8 80 theme expanded 998:1005 arg1 studies 1022:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies 994:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies 994:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 5 81 theme batch 584:588 arg1 experiments 590:600 batch experiments 584:600 batch experiments 584:600 In batch experiments RG19 derivatives of Ag-Ni (RG19-Ag-Ni) exhibited high adsorption rate; and also a higher binding capacity of BSA (31.4mg/ml adsorbent) was observed for Ag-Ni compared to the commercial adsorbent. 24485036 11 82 theme fluid 1789:1793 arg1 viscosities 1795:1805 high fluid viscosities 1784:1805 high fluid viscosities 1784:1805 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 8 83 theme adsorption 1011:1020 arg1 studies 1022:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies 994:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies 994:1028 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 11 84 dep m 1734:1734 arg1 /s 1738:1739 /s 1738:1739 <1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s 1723:1739 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 11 84 dep m 1734:1734 arg1 2 1736:1736 2 1736:1736 2 1736:1736 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 11 85 theme higher 1760:1765 arg1 stability 1771:1779 higher bed stability 1760:1779 higher bed stability 1760:1779 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 10 86 theme size 1411:1414 arg1 fractions 1416:1424 two different Ag-Ni size fractions 1391:1424 two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) 1391:1447 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 10 87 theme adsorption 1596:1605 arg1 properties 1607:1616 adsorption properties 1596:1616 adsorption properties 1596:1616 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 0 88 theme novel 39:43 arg1 matrix 70:75 the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix 35:75 the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 35:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 8 89 theme reasonable 1039:1048 arg1 behavior 1063:1070 a reasonable breakthrough behavior 1037:1070 a reasonable breakthrough behavior 1037:1070 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 11 90 theme high 1784:1787 arg1 viscosities 1795:1805 high fluid viscosities 1784:1805 high fluid viscosities 1784:1805 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 24485036 10 91 theme different 1395:1403 arg1 fractions 1416:1424 two different Ag-Ni size fractions 1391:1424 two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) 1391:1447 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 10 92 dep stability 1582:1590 arg1 the 1565:1567 the 1565:1567 the 1565:1567 Additionally, two different Ag-Ni size fractions (75-150 and 150-300μm) were examined to investigate the expanded bed performance dependency on the adsorbent particle size with respect to the hydrodynamic stability and adsorption properties using lysozyme as model protein. 24485036 0 93 theme composite 60:68 arg1 matrix 70:75 the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix 35:75 the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products 35:135 Characterization and evaluation of the novel agarose-nickel composite matrix for possible use in expanded bed adsorption of bio-products. 24485036 9 94 theme adsorption 1271:1280 arg1 capacity 1282:1289 the saturated adsorption capacity 1257:1289 the saturated adsorption capacity 1257:1289 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 3 95 theme Green 368:372 arg1 dye-ligand 384:393 Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand 359:393 Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand 359:393 Accordingly, Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye-ligand was covalently immobilized onto the support matrix to prepare affinity adsorbent for protein adsorption. 24485036 8 96 theme high 1075:1078 arg1 rates 1085:1089 high flow rates 1075:1089 high flow rates 1075:1089 The expanded bed adsorption studies showed a reasonable breakthrough behavior at high flow rates and a higher dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was obtained for novel matrix in compare to streamline at the same fluid velocity. 24485036 2 97 theme column 319:324 arg1 studies 337:343 column adsorption studies 319:343 column adsorption studies 319:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 9 98 theme high 1298:1301 arg1 velocity 1308:1315 the high flow velocity 1294:1315 the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency 1294:1374 DBC at 10% breakthrough reached 66% of the saturated adsorption capacity at the high flow velocity of 450cm/h which indicates the favorable column efficiency. 24485036 2 99 used used 283:286 arg2 albumin 251:257 Bovine serum albumin 238:257 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) 238:263 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 99 used used 283:286 arg2 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 lysozyme 269:276 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 99 used used 283:286 arg2 proteins 297:304 model proteins 291:304 model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies 291:343 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 2 99 used used 283:286 arg2 BSA 260:262 BSA 260:262 BSA 260:262 Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins in batch and column adsorption studies. 24485036 11 100 theme bed 1767:1769 arg1 stability 1771:1779 higher bed stability 1760:1779 higher bed stability 1760:1779 Interestingly, the small ones showed less axial dispersion coefficient (<1.0×10(-5)m(2)/s) which resulted in higher bed stability in high fluid viscosities. 28405165 10 0 contain carrying 1793:1800 arg1 efficacy 1759:1766 the efficacy 1755:1766 the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1755:1903 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 10 0 contain carrying 1793:1800 arg2 cyclosporine 1802:1813 cyclosporine 1802:1813 cyclosporine 1802:1813 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 6 1 theme high-shear 811:820 arg1 homogenizer 822:832 A high-shear homogenizer 809:832 A high-shear homogenizer 809:832 A high-shear homogenizer was used in formulating a cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulsion. 28405165 9 2 theme pH 1576:1577 arg1 nanoemulsions 1559:1571 Optimized nanoemulsions 1549:1571 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 1549:1581 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 2 3 theme various 273:279 arg1 phototherapy 341:352 phototherapy 341:352 phototherapy 341:352 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 2 3 theme various 273:279 arg1 topical 311:317 topical 311:317 topical 311:317 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 2 3 theme various 273:279 arg1 forms 281:285 various forms 273:285 various forms 273:285 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 2 3 theme various 273:279 arg1 agents 329:334 systemic agents 320:334 systemic agents 320:334 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 4 4 theme treatment 648:656 arg1 effectiveness 623:635 the effectiveness 619:635 the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis 619:670 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 10 5 theme kinetic 1891:1897 arg1 model 1899:1903 the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1870:1903 the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1870:1903 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 11 6 theme significant 1964:1974 arg1 improvement 1976:1986 a significant improvement 1962:1986 a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration 1962:2027 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 8 7 theme variables 1269:1277 arg1 Investigation 1246:1258 Investigation 1246:1258 Investigation of these variables 1246:1277 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 0 8 theme in 128:129 arg1 diffusion 137:145 in vitro diffusion 128:145 in vitro diffusion 128:145 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 1 9 theme autoimmune 200:209 arg1 disease 211:217 a chronic autoimmune disease 190:217 a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured 190:238 Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured. 28405165 1 9 theme autoimmune 200:209 arg1 Psoriasis 177:185 Psoriasis 177:185 Psoriasis 177:185 Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured. 28405165 10 10 dep In 1731:1732 arg1 vitro 1734:1738 vitro 1734:1738 vitro 1734:1738 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 5 11 theme coconut-oil 707:717 arg1 mixture 719:725 nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture 689:725 nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture 689:725 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 6 12 used used 838:841 arg2 homogenizer 822:832 A high-shear homogenizer 809:832 A high-shear homogenizer 809:832 A high-shear homogenizer was used in formulating a cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulsion. 28405165 9 13 theme analysis 1632:1639 arg1 analysis 1679:1686 coalescence-rate analysis 1662:1686 coalescence-rate analysis 1662:1686 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 13 theme analysis 1632:1639 arg1 ripening 1697:1704 Ostwald ripening 1689:1704 Ostwald ripening 1689:1704 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 13 theme analysis 1632:1639 arg1 types 1613:1617 all types 1609:1617 all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles 1609:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 13 theme analysis 1632:1639 arg1 stability 1651:1659 physical stability 1642:1659 physical stability 1642:1659 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 0 14 theme in 151:152 arg1 action 169:174 in vivo hydrating action 151:174 in vivo hydrating action 151:174 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 9 15 theme physical 1642:1649 arg1 types 1613:1617 all types 1609:1617 all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles 1609:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 15 theme physical 1642:1649 arg1 stability 1651:1659 physical stability 1642:1659 physical stability 1642:1659 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 8 16 theme specific 1320:1327 arg1 oil 1329:1331 specific oil 1320:1331 specific oil (15% and 20%) 1320:1345 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 11 17 from corneum 2003:2009 arg1 hydration 2019:2027 skin hydration 2014:2027 skin hydration 2014:2027 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 7 18 theme independent 1055:1065 arg1 variables 1067:1075 independent variables 1055:1075 independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) 1055:1125 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 18 theme independent 1055:1065 arg1 content 1118:1124 water content 1112:1124 water content 1112:1124 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 18 theme independent 1055:1065 arg1 surfactant 1083:1092 surfactant 1083:1092 surfactant 1083:1092 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 18 theme independent 1055:1065 arg1 gum 1103:1105 xanthan gum 1095:1105 xanthan gum 1095:1105 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 18 theme independent 1055:1065 arg1 oil 1078:1080 oil 1078:1080 oil 1078:1080 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 0 19 dep in 151:152 arg1 vivo 154:157 vivo 154:157 vivo 154:157 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 7 20 dep size 1165:1168 arg1 index 1189:1193 index 1189:1193 index 1189:1193 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 0 21 theme hydrating 159:167 arg1 action 169:174 in vivo hydrating action 151:174 in vivo hydrating action 151:174 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 11 22 from improvement 1976:1986 arg1 corneum 2003:2009 the stratum corneum 1991:2009 the stratum corneum in skin hydration 1991:2027 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 9 23 dep types 1613:1617 arg1 analysis 1679:1686 coalescence-rate analysis 1662:1686 coalescence-rate analysis 1662:1686 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 23 dep types 1613:1617 arg1 ripening 1697:1704 Ostwald ripening 1689:1704 Ostwald ripening 1689:1704 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 23 dep types 1613:1617 arg1 types 1613:1617 all types 1609:1617 all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles 1609:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 23 dep types 1613:1617 arg1 cycles 1723:1728 freeze-thaw cycles 1711:1728 freeze-thaw cycles 1711:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 23 dep types 1613:1617 arg1 stability 1651:1659 physical stability 1642:1659 physical stability 1642:1659 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 0 24 dep in 128:129 arg1 vitro 131:135 vitro 131:135 vitro 131:135 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 9 25 theme Ostwald 1689:1695 arg1 ripening 1697:1704 Ostwald ripening 1689:1704 Ostwald ripening 1689:1704 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 25 theme Ostwald 1689:1695 arg1 types 1613:1617 all types 1609:1617 all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles 1609:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 11 26 theme healthy 1936:1942 arg1 volunteers 1944:1953 healthy volunteers 1936:1953 healthy volunteers 1936:1953 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 7 27 theme nanoemulsion 966:977 arg1 compositions 979:990 nanoemulsion compositions 966:990 nanoemulsion compositions 966:990 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 0 28 theme psoriasis 117:125 arg1 treatment 104:112 topical treatment 96:112 topical treatment of psoriasis 96:125 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 9 29 theme freeze-thaw 1711:1721 arg1 cycles 1723:1728 freeze-thaw cycles 1711:1728 freeze-thaw cycles 1711:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 8 30 theme good 1465:1468 arg1 stability 1470:1478 good stability 1465:1478 good stability 1465:1478 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 3 31 theme Topical 355:361 arg1 treatment 363:371 Topical treatment 355:371 Topical treatment 355:371 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 0 32 theme physicochemical 15:29 arg1 properties 31:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis 15:125 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 4 33 theme anti-inflammatory 549:565 arg1 cyclosporine 530:541 cyclosporine 530:541 cyclosporine 530:541 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 4 33 theme anti-inflammatory 549:565 arg1 drug 567:570 an anti-inflammatory drug 546:570 an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease 546:603 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 10 34 theme nanosize 1771:1778 arg1 emulsions 1780:1788 nanosize emulsions 1771:1788 nanosize emulsions 1771:1788 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 7 35 theme particle 1156:1163 arg1 size 1165:1168 particle size 1156:1168 particle size 1156:1168 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 5 36 theme cyclosporine 772:783 arg1 loading 785:791 cyclosporine loading 772:791 cyclosporine loading 772:791 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 3 37 theme first-line 380:389 arg1 treatment 391:399 the first-line treatment 376:399 the first-line treatment 376:399 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 8 38 theme xanthan 1366:1372 arg1 gum 1374:1376 xanthan gum 1366:1376 xanthan gum (0.75%) 1366:1384 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 38 theme xanthan 1366:1372 arg1 % 1383:1383 0.75% 1379:1383 0.75% 1379:1383 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 0 39 theme carrier 59:65 arg1 properties 31:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis 15:125 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 8 40 dep oil 1329:1331 arg1 % 1344:1344 15% and 20% 1334:1344 % 1344:1344 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 40 dep oil 1329:1331 arg1 % 1336:1336 15% and 20% 1334:1344 % 1336:1336 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 7 41 used used 938:941 arg2 design 927:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 3 42 theme therapy 449:455 arg1 form 441:444 this form 436:444 this form of therapy 436:455 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 9 43 theme Optimized 1549:1557 arg1 nanoemulsions 1559:1571 Optimized nanoemulsions 1549:1571 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 1549:1581 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 4 44 theme disease 597:603 arg1 site 584:587 an itchy site 575:587 an itchy site of skin disease 575:603 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 4 44 theme disease 597:603 arg1 disease 597:603 skin disease 592:603 skin disease 592:603 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 7 45 theme mixture 906:912 arg1 design 927:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 8 46 theme different 1525:1533 arg1 temperatures 1535:1546 different temperatures 1525:1546 different temperatures 1525:1546 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 10 47 theme rat 1822:1824 arg1 skin 1826:1829 rat skin 1822:1829 rat skin 1822:1829 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 7 48 theme water 1112:1116 arg1 variables 1067:1075 independent variables 1055:1075 independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) 1055:1125 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 48 theme water 1112:1116 arg1 content 1118:1124 water content 1112:1124 water content 1112:1124 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 8 49 contain possessed 1432:1440 arg2 responses 1451:1459 intended responses 1442:1459 intended responses 1442:1459 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 49 contain possessed 1432:1440 arg2 stability 1470:1478 good stability 1465:1478 good stability 1465:1478 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 49 contain possessed 1432:1440 arg1 formulations 1302:1313 two optimized formulations 1288:1313 two optimized formulations 1288:1313 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 4 50 theme itchy 578:582 arg1 site 584:587 an itchy site 575:587 an itchy site of skin disease 575:603 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 4 50 theme itchy 578:582 arg1 disease 597:603 skin disease 592:603 skin disease 592:603 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 7 51 dep variables 1067:1075 arg1 variables 1067:1075 independent variables 1055:1075 independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) 1055:1125 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 51 dep variables 1067:1075 arg1 content 1118:1124 water content 1112:1124 water content 1112:1124 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 51 dep variables 1067:1075 arg1 surfactant 1083:1092 surfactant 1083:1092 surfactant 1083:1092 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 51 dep variables 1067:1075 arg1 gum 1103:1105 xanthan gum 1095:1105 xanthan gum 1095:1105 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 51 dep variables 1067:1075 arg1 oil 1078:1080 oil 1078:1080 oil 1078:1080 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 11 52 theme skin 1914:1917 arg1 analysis 1919:1926 In vivo skin analysis 1906:1926 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers 1906:1953 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 4 53 theme topical 640:646 arg1 treatment 648:656 topical treatment 640:656 topical treatment for psoriasis 640:670 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 10 54 theme synthetic 1837:1845 arg1 membrane 1847:1854 a synthetic membrane 1835:1854 a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1835:1903 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 7 55 theme xanthan 1095:1101 arg1 variables 1067:1075 independent variables 1055:1075 independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) 1055:1125 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 55 theme xanthan 1095:1101 arg1 gum 1103:1105 xanthan gum 1095:1105 xanthan gum 1095:1105 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 10 56 theme Korsmeyer-Peppas 1874:1889 arg1 model 1899:1903 the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1870:1903 the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1870:1903 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 5 57 theme nutmeg 689:694 arg1 mixture 719:725 nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture 689:725 nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture 689:725 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 2 58 theme treatment 290:298 arg1 phototherapy 341:352 phototherapy 341:352 phototherapy 341:352 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 2 58 theme treatment 290:298 arg1 topical 311:317 topical 311:317 topical 311:317 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 2 58 theme treatment 290:298 arg1 forms 281:285 various forms 273:285 various forms 273:285 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 2 58 theme treatment 290:298 arg1 agents 329:334 systemic agents 320:334 systemic agents 320:334 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 1 59 theme chronic 192:198 arg1 disease 211:217 a chronic autoimmune disease 190:217 a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured 190:238 Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured. 28405165 1 59 theme chronic 192:198 arg1 Psoriasis 177:185 Psoriasis 177:185 Psoriasis 177:185 Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured. 28405165 11 60 theme stratum 1995:2001 arg1 corneum 2003:2009 the stratum corneum 1991:2009 the stratum corneum in skin hydration 1991:2027 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 2 61 theme systemic 320:327 arg1 agents 329:334 systemic agents 320:334 systemic agents 320:334 It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. 28405165 5 62 theme virgin 700:705 arg1 mixture 719:725 nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture 689:725 nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture 689:725 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 10 63 theme In 1731:1732 arg1 release 1740:1746 In vitro release 1731:1746 In vitro release 1731:1746 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 11 64 dep In 1906:1907 arg1 vivo 1909:1912 vivo 1909:1912 vivo 1909:1912 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 9 65 theme stability 1622:1630 arg1 analysis 1632:1639 stability analysis 1622:1639 stability analysis 1622:1639 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 8 66 theme water 1391:1395 arg1 content 1397:1403 water content 1391:1403 water content (67.55% and 62.55%) 1391:1423 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 7 67 from effect 1045:1050 arg1 response 1212:1219 rheological response 1200:1219 rheological response (viscosity and k-value) 1200:1243 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 67 from effect 1045:1050 arg1 response 1146:1153 physicochemical response 1130:1153 physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) 1130:1194 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 68 theme rheological 1200:1210 arg1 response 1212:1219 rheological response 1200:1219 rheological response (viscosity and k-value) 1200:1243 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 69 theme variables 1067:1075 arg1 effect 1045:1050 the effect 1041:1050 the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value) 1041:1243 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 8 70 theme optimized 1292:1300 arg1 formulations 1302:1313 two optimized formulations 1288:1313 two optimized formulations 1288:1313 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 71 from temperatures 1535:1546 arg1 separation 1488:1497 separation 1488:1497 separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures 1488:1546 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 11 72 theme In 1906:1907 arg1 analysis 1919:1926 In vivo skin analysis 1906:1926 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers 1906:1953 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 5 73 theme unique 739:744 arg1 properties 746:755 their unique properties 733:755 their unique properties 733:755 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 9 74 theme coalescence-rate 1662:1677 arg1 analysis 1679:1686 coalescence-rate analysis 1662:1686 coalescence-rate analysis 1662:1686 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 9 74 theme coalescence-rate 1662:1677 arg1 types 1613:1617 all types 1609:1617 all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles 1609:1728 Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. 28405165 0 75 theme topical 96:102 arg1 treatment 104:112 topical treatment 96:112 topical treatment of psoriasis 96:125 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 5 76 theme mixture 719:725 arg1 addition 677:684 The addition 673:684 The addition 673:684 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 3 77 contain has 457:459 arg1 form 441:444 this form 436:444 this form of therapy 436:455 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 3 77 contain has 457:459 arg2 compliance 474:483 more patient compliance 461:483 more patient compliance 461:483 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 7 78 theme compositions 979:990 arg1 optimization 950:961 the optimization 946:961 the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions 946:990 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 5 79 with addition 677:684 arg1 properties 746:755 their unique properties 733:755 their unique properties 733:755 The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. 28405165 8 80 theme intended 1442:1449 arg1 responses 1451:1459 intended responses 1442:1459 intended responses 1442:1459 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 7 81 dep response 1146:1153 arg1 polydispersity 1174:1187 polydispersity 1174:1187 polydispersity 1174:1187 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 81 dep response 1146:1153 arg1 size 1165:1168 particle size 1156:1168 particle size 1156:1168 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 3 82 theme most 416:419 arg1 physicians 421:430 most physicians 416:430 most physicians 416:430 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 0 83 theme properties 31:40 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 0:175 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 10 84 theme emulsions 1780:1788 arg1 efficacy 1759:1766 the efficacy 1755:1766 the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model 1755:1903 In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. 28405165 0 85 theme nanocolloidal 45:57 arg1 carrier 59:65 nanocolloidal carrier 45:65 nanocolloidal carrier 45:65 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 8 86 dep content 1397:1403 arg1 % 1422:1422 62.55% 1417:1422 62.55% 1417:1422 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 86 dep content 1397:1403 arg1 % 1411:1411 67.55% 1406:1411 67.55% 1406:1411 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 6 87 theme cyclosporine-loaded 860:878 arg1 nanoemulsion 880:891 a cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulsion 858:891 a cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulsion 858:891 A high-shear homogenizer was used in formulating a cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulsion. 28405165 8 88 with formulations 1302:1313 arg1 surfactant 1348:1357 surfactant 1348:1357 surfactant (15%) 1348:1363 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 88 with formulations 1302:1313 arg1 gum 1374:1376 xanthan gum 1366:1376 xanthan gum (0.75%) 1366:1384 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 88 with formulations 1302:1313 arg1 content 1397:1403 water content 1391:1403 water content (67.55% and 62.55%) 1391:1423 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 88 with formulations 1302:1313 arg1 % 1383:1383 0.75% 1379:1383 0.75% 1379:1383 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 88 with formulations 1302:1313 arg1 % 1362:1362 15% 1360:1362 15% 1360:1362 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 8 88 with formulations 1302:1313 arg1 oil 1329:1331 specific oil 1320:1331 specific oil (15% and 20%) 1320:1345 Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. 28405165 7 89 theme physicochemical 1130:1144 arg1 response 1146:1153 physicochemical response 1130:1153 physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) 1130:1194 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 11 90 theme skin 2014:2017 arg1 hydration 2019:2027 skin hydration 2014:2027 skin hydration 2014:2027 In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration. 28405165 3 91 theme patient 466:472 arg1 compliance 474:483 more patient compliance 461:483 more patient compliance 461:483 Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. 28405165 0 92 dep Enhancement 0:10 arg1 diffusion 137:145 in vitro diffusion 128:145 in vitro diffusion 128:145 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 0 92 dep Enhancement 0:10 arg1 action 169:174 in vivo hydrating action 151:174 in vivo hydrating action 151:174 Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. 28405165 4 93 theme skin 592:595 arg1 disease 597:603 skin disease 592:603 skin disease 592:603 Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. 28405165 7 94 dep response 1212:1219 arg1 viscosity 1222:1230 viscosity 1222:1230 viscosity 1222:1230 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 94 dep response 1212:1219 arg1 k-value 1236:1242 k-value 1236:1242 k-value 1236:1242 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 95 theme experimental 914:925 arg1 design 927:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 28405165 7 96 theme D-optimal 896:904 arg1 mixture 906:912 A D-optimal mixture 894:912 A D-optimal mixture experimental design 894:932 A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). 24750066 0 0 theme diverse 136:142 arg1 solvents 144:151 diverse solvents 136:151 diverse solvents 136:151 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 4 1 theme mechanical 811:820 arg1 disintegration 822:835 mechanical disintegration 811:835 mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment 811:931 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 4 2 theme organic 883:889 arg1 solvents 891:898 other organic solvents 877:898 other organic solvents 877:898 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 1 3 theme composites 323:332 arg1 preparation 259:269 the preparation 255:269 the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites 255:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 2 4 theme ion-exchange 589:600 arg1 treatment 602:610 simple ion-exchange treatment 582:610 simple ion-exchange treatment in water 582:619 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 1 5 from solvents 207:214 arg1 criterion 241:249 a significant primary criterion 219:249 a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites 219:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 5 from solvents 207:214 arg1 degree 158:163 The degree 154:163 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents 154:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 5 6 theme dispersions 1038:1048 arg1 conductivities 1008:1021 the electric conductivities 995:1021 the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions 995:1048 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 6 theme dispersions 1038:1048 arg1 spectra 961:967 infrared spectra 952:967 infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films 952:989 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 7 theme bulky 1132:1136 arg1 groups 1153:1158 the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1128:1158 the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1128:1158 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 8 theme carboxylate 1141:1151 arg1 groups 1153:1158 the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1128:1158 the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1128:1158 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 9 dep Fourier 934:940 arg1 transform 942:950 transform 942:950 transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions 942:1048 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 2 10 theme nanodispersion 357:370 arg1 degrees 346:352 high degrees 341:352 high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) 341:443 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 6 11 theme practical 1284:1292 arg1 application 1294:1304 their practical application 1278:1304 their practical application 1278:1304 Moreover, the TOC-QAs were nanodispersible in water even after being oven dried at 105 °C, which is advantageous for their practical application. 24750066 5 12 theme TOCN-QA 1030:1036 arg1 dispersions 1038:1048 the TOCN-QA dispersions 1026:1048 the TOCN-QA dispersions 1026:1048 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 0 13 from nanodispersibility 55:72 arg1 solvents 144:151 diverse solvents 136:151 diverse solvents 136:151 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 5 14 theme cast 972:975 arg1 films 985:989 cast TOCN-QA films 972:989 cast TOCN-QA films 972:989 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 4 15 theme high 779:782 arg1 yield 801:805 a high nanofibrillation yield 777:805 a high nanofibrillation yield 777:805 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 2 16 theme quaternary 508:517 arg1 QAs 535:537 QAs 535:537 QAs 535:537 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 2 16 theme quaternary 508:517 arg1 counterions 543:553 counterions 543:553 counterions of TOC carboxyl groups 543:576 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 2 16 theme quaternary 508:517 arg1 alkylammoniums 519:532 quaternary alkylammoniums 508:532 quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) 508:538 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 6 17 from nanodispersible 1188:1202 arg1 water 1207:1211 water 1207:1211 water 1207:1211 Moreover, the TOC-QAs were nanodispersible in water even after being oven dried at 105 °C, which is advantageous for their practical application. 24750066 2 18 theme TOC 558:560 arg1 groups 571:576 TOC carboxyl groups 558:576 TOC carboxyl groups 558:576 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 1 19 theme significant 221:231 arg1 criterion 241:249 a significant primary criterion 219:249 a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites 219:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 19 theme significant 221:231 arg1 degree 158:163 The degree 154:163 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents 154:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 0 20 theme quaternary 6:15 arg1 counterions 31:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions 0:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions 0:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 2 21 theme cellulose 429:437 arg1 nanodispersion 357:370 nanodispersion 357:370 nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) 357:443 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 1 22 theme primary 233:239 arg1 criterion 241:249 a significant primary criterion 219:249 a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites 219:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 22 theme primary 233:239 arg1 degree 158:163 The degree 154:163 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents 154:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 0 23 theme Bulky 0:4 arg1 counterions 31:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions 0:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions 0:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 6 24 from water 1207:1211 arg1 nanodispersible 1188:1202 nanodispersible 1188:1202 nanodispersible 1188:1202 Moreover, the TOC-QAs were nanodispersible in water even after being oven dried at 105 °C, which is advantageous for their practical application. 24750066 6 24 from water 1207:1211 arg1 TOC-QAs 1175:1181 the TOC-QAs 1171:1181 the TOC-QAs 1171:1181 Moreover, the TOC-QAs were nanodispersible in water even after being oven dried at 105 °C, which is advantageous for their practical application. 24750066 2 25 theme 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized 383:427 arg1 TOC 440:442 TOC 440:442 TOC 440:442 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 2 25 theme 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized 383:427 arg1 cellulose 429:437 fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose 375:437 fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) 375:443 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 5 26 theme infrared 952:959 arg1 spectra 961:967 infrared spectra 952:967 infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films 952:989 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 2 27 theme various 462:468 arg1 solvents 470:477 various solvents 462:477 various solvents 462:477 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 1 28 from nanodispersion 168:181 arg1 solvents 207:214 diverse solvents 199:214 diverse solvents 199:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 2 29 theme fibrous 375:381 arg1 TOC 440:442 TOC 440:442 TOC 440:442 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 2 29 theme fibrous 375:381 arg1 cellulose 429:437 fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose 375:437 fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) 375:443 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 0 30 theme alkylammonium 17:29 arg1 counterions 31:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions 0:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions 0:41 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 2 31 from treatment 602:610 arg1 water 615:619 water 615:619 water 615:619 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 4 32 theme TOC 745:747 arg1 TOCN-QAs 762:769 TOCN-QAs 762:769 TOCN-QAs 762:769 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 4 32 theme TOC 745:747 arg1 nanofibrils 749:759 TOC nanofibrils 745:759 TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield 745:805 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 2 33 theme simple 582:587 arg1 treatment 602:610 simple ion-exchange treatment 582:610 simple ion-exchange treatment in water 582:619 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 5 34 theme TOCN-QA 977:983 arg1 films 985:989 cast TOCN-QA films 972:989 cast TOCN-QA films 972:989 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 35 theme electric 999:1006 arg1 conductivities 1008:1021 the electric conductivities 995:1021 the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions 995:1048 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 3 36 used used 698:701 arg2 tetraethyl- 636:646 tetraethyl- 636:646 tetraethyl- 636:646 Tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetra-n-propyl-, and tetra-n-butylammoniums were used as the QAs. 24750066 3 36 used used 698:701 arg2 Tetramethyl- 622:633 Tetramethyl- 622:633 Tetramethyl- 622:633 Tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetra-n-propyl-, and tetra-n-butylammoniums were used as the QAs. 24750066 3 36 used used 698:701 arg2 QAs 710:712 the QAs 706:712 the QAs 706:712 Tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetra-n-propyl-, and tetra-n-butylammoniums were used as the QAs. 24750066 3 36 used used 698:701 arg2 tetra-n-butylammoniums 670:691 tetra-n-butylammoniums 670:691 tetra-n-butylammoniums 670:691 Tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetra-n-propyl-, and tetra-n-butylammoniums were used as the QAs. 24750066 3 36 used used 698:701 arg2 tetra-n-propyl- 649:663 tetra-n-propyl- 649:663 tetra-n-propyl- 649:663 Tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetra-n-propyl-, and tetra-n-butylammoniums were used as the QAs. 24750066 2 37 theme groups 571:576 arg1 counterions 543:553 counterions 543:553 counterions of TOC carboxyl groups 543:576 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 2 37 theme groups 571:576 arg1 alkylammoniums 519:532 quaternary alkylammoniums 508:532 quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) 508:538 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 2 38 theme carboxyl 562:569 arg1 groups 571:576 TOC carboxyl groups 558:576 TOC carboxyl groups 558:576 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 1 39 theme nanodispersion 168:181 arg1 criterion 241:249 a significant primary criterion 219:249 a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites 219:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 39 theme nanodispersion 168:181 arg1 degree 158:163 The degree 154:163 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents 154:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 5 40 theme QA 1138:1139 arg1 groups 1153:1158 the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1128:1158 the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1128:1158 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 4 41 theme solvent-exchange 906:921 arg1 treatment 923:931 solvent-exchange treatment 906:931 solvent-exchange treatment 906:931 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 4 42 theme nanofibrillation 784:799 arg1 yield 801:805 a high nanofibrillation yield 777:805 a high nanofibrillation yield 777:805 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 1 43 from degree 158:163 arg1 solvents 207:214 diverse solvents 199:214 diverse solvents 199:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 44 theme bulk 274:277 arg1 nanocelluloses 279:292 bulk nanocelluloses 274:292 bulk nanocelluloses 274:292 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 2 45 theme high 341:344 arg1 degrees 346:352 high degrees 341:352 high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) 341:443 Here, high degrees of nanodispersion of fibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were achieved in various solvents by efficiently incorporating quaternary alkylammoniums (QAs) as counterions of TOC carboxyl groups via simple ion-exchange treatment in water. 24750066 4 46 with nanofibrils 749:759 arg1 yield 801:805 a high nanofibrillation yield 777:805 a high nanofibrillation yield 777:805 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 4 47 theme other 877:881 arg1 solvents 891:898 other organic solvents 877:898 other organic solvents 877:898 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 1 48 theme cellulose 186:194 arg1 nanodispersion 168:181 nanodispersion 168:181 nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents 168:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 49 theme nanocelluloses 279:292 arg1 preparation 259:269 the preparation 255:269 the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites 255:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 0 50 theme cellulose 123:131 arg1 nanodispersibility 55:72 the nanodispersibility 51:72 the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents 51:151 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 5 51 theme films 985:989 arg1 conductivities 1008:1021 the electric conductivities 995:1021 the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions 995:1048 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 51 theme films 985:989 arg1 spectra 961:967 infrared spectra 952:967 infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films 952:989 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 5 52 theme groups 1153:1158 arg1 dissociation 1112:1123 dissociation 1112:1123 dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups 1112:1158 Fourier transform infrared spectra of cast TOCN-QA films and the electric conductivities of the TOCN-QA dispersions indicated that the TOCNs-QAs were dispersed primarily through dissociation of the bulky QA carboxylate groups. 24750066 4 53 from disintegration 822:835 arg1 water 849:853 water 849:853 not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment 840:931 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 4 53 from disintegration 822:835 arg1 methanol 864:871 methanol 864:871 methanol 864:871 The TOC-QAs were converted to TOC nanofibrils (TOCN-QAs) with a high nanofibrillation yield via mechanical disintegration in not only water but also methanol and other organic solvents after solvent-exchange treatment. 24750066 0 54 theme 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized 77:121 arg1 cellulose 123:131 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose 77:131 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose 77:131 Bulky quaternary alkylammonium counterions enhance the nanodispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose in diverse solvents. 24750066 6 55 from °C 1248:1249 arg1 dried 1235:1239 dried 1235:1239 dried 1235:1239 Moreover, the TOC-QAs were nanodispersible in water even after being oven dried at 105 °C, which is advantageous for their practical application. 24750066 1 56 theme diverse 199:205 arg1 solvents 207:214 diverse solvents 199:214 diverse solvents 199:214 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 24750066 1 57 theme nanocellulose-containing 298:321 arg1 composites 323:332 nanocellulose-containing composites 298:332 nanocellulose-containing composites 298:332 The degree of nanodispersion of cellulose in diverse solvents is a significant primary criterion for the preparation of bulk nanocelluloses and nanocellulose-containing composites. 26542190 5 0 theme vapour 798:803 arg1 adsorption 805:814 the vapour adsorption 794:814 the vapour adsorption 794:814 The hydrophobic contribution of lignin reduced the vapour adsorption in the fibre. 26542190 3 1 theme composite 461:469 arg1 fibres 471:476 The composite fibres 457:476 The composite fibres 457:476 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 2 2 theme spinning 391:398 arg1 dope 400:403 a spinning dope 389:403 a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully 389:454 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 1 3 theme liquid 176:181 arg1 solutions 183:191 ionic liquid solutions 170:191 ionic liquid solutions 170:191 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 5 4 theme hydrophobic 751:761 arg1 contribution 763:774 The hydrophobic contribution 747:774 The hydrophobic contribution of lignin 747:784 The hydrophobic contribution of lignin reduced the vapour adsorption in the fibre. 26542190 6 5 theme carbonisation 936:948 arg1 yield 950:954 the carbonisation yield 932:954 the carbonisation yield 932:954 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 7 6 theme potential 1004:1012 arg1 fibre 980:984 fibre 980:984 fibre 980:984 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 7 6 theme potential 1004:1012 arg1 material 1018:1025 a potential raw material 1002:1025 a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production 1002:1098 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 6 7 theme analysis 848:855 arg1 curves 857:862 Thermogravimetric analysis curves 830:862 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres 830:886 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 1 8 theme ionic 170:174 arg1 solutions 183:191 ionic liquid solutions 170:191 ionic liquid solutions 170:191 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 6 9 theme Thermogravimetric 830:846 arg1 curves 857:862 Thermogravimetric analysis curves 830:862 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres 830:886 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 2 10 theme composite 416:424 arg1 fibres 426:431 composite fibres 416:431 composite fibres 416:431 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 5 11 theme lignin 779:784 arg1 contribution 763:774 The hydrophobic contribution 747:774 The hydrophobic contribution of lignin 747:784 The hydrophobic contribution of lignin reduced the vapour adsorption in the fibre. 26542190 0 12 from Blends 53:58 arg1 Fibers 24:29 High-Strength Composite Fibers 0:29 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends 0:58 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution. 26542190 3 13 theme lignin 569:574 arg1 share 560:564 an increasing share 546:564 an increasing share 546:564 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 0 14 theme Composite 14:22 arg1 Fibers 24:29 High-Strength Composite Fibers 0:29 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends 0:58 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution. 26542190 1 15 theme Composite 100:108 arg1 fibres 110:115 Composite fibres 100:115 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin 100:149 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 1 16 theme dry-jet 196:202 arg1 spinning 208:215 dry-jet wet spinning 196:215 dry-jet wet spinning 196:215 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 0 17 theme High-Strength 0:12 arg1 Fibers 24:29 High-Strength Composite Fibers 0:29 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends 0:58 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution. 26542190 3 18 with fibres 534:539 arg1 share 560:564 an increasing share 546:564 an increasing share 546:564 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 2 19 theme 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0 335:356 arg1 acetate 370:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 3 20 from reduction 601:609 arg1 crystallinity 614:626 crystallinity 614:626 crystallinity 614:626 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 1 21 theme wet 204:206 arg1 spinning 208:215 dry-jet wet spinning 196:215 dry-jet wet spinning 196:215 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 2 22 theme liquid 328:333 arg1 acetate 370:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 2 23 from blends 273:278 arg1 ratios 293:298 different ratios 283:298 different ratios 283:298 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 4 24 theme fibres 664:669 arg1 orientation 639:649 The total orientation 629:649 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM 629:677 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM images show morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin. 26542190 6 25 from effect 908:913 arg1 yield 950:954 the carbonisation yield 932:954 the carbonisation yield 932:954 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 3 26 with strength 489:496 arg1 values 523:528 slightly decreasing values 503:528 slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity 503:626 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 2 27 theme ionic 322:326 arg1 acetate 370:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 4 28 theme composite 654:662 arg1 fibres 664:669 composite fibres 654:669 composite fibres 654:669 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM images show morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin. 26542190 2 29 from pulp 240:243 arg1 ratios 293:298 different ratios 283:298 different ratios 283:298 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 7 30 theme carbon 1076:1081 arg1 production 1089:1098 carbon fibre production 1076:1098 carbon fibre production 1076:1098 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 4 31 theme SEM 675:677 arg1 orientation 639:649 The total orientation 629:649 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM 629:677 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM images show morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin. 26542190 2 32 theme lignin 266:271 arg1 blends 273:278 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends 218:278 blends 273:278 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 4 33 theme morphological 691:703 arg1 changes 705:711 morphological changes 691:711 morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin 691:744 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM images show morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin. 26542190 3 34 theme high 484:487 arg1 strength 489:496 a high strength 482:496 a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity 482:626 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 0 35 theme Cellulose-Lignin 36:51 arg1 Blends 53:58 Cellulose-Lignin Blends 36:58 Cellulose-Lignin Blends 36:58 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution. 26542190 1 36 contain contain 122:128 arg1 fibres 110:115 Composite fibres 100:115 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin 100:149 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 1 36 contain contain 122:128 arg2 lignin 144:149 lignin 144:149 lignin 144:149 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 1 36 contain contain 122:128 arg2 cellulose 130:138 cellulose 130:138 cellulose 130:138 Composite fibres that contain cellulose and lignin were produced from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning. 26542190 7 37 theme fibre 1083:1087 arg1 production 1089:1098 carbon fibre production 1076:1098 carbon fibre production 1076:1098 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 6 38 theme positive 899:906 arg1 effect 908:913 the positive effect 895:913 the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield 895:954 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 2 39 theme organosolv/kraft 249:264 arg1 blends 273:278 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends 218:278 blends 273:278 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 6 40 theme lignin 922:927 arg1 effect 908:913 the positive effect 895:913 the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield 895:954 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 4 41 theme lignin 739:744 arg1 presence 727:734 the presence 723:734 the presence of lignin 723:744 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM images show morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin. 26542190 2 42 theme dissolving 229:238 arg1 pulp 240:243 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends 218:278 pulp 240:243 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 6 43 theme fibres 881:886 arg1 curves 857:862 Thermogravimetric analysis curves 830:862 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres 830:886 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 2 44 theme Eucalyptus 218:227 arg1 pulp 240:243 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends 218:278 pulp 240:243 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 7 45 theme textile 1031:1037 arg1 manufacturing 1039:1051 textile manufacturing 1031:1051 textile manufacturing 1031:1051 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 3 46 theme decreasing 512:521 arg1 values 523:528 slightly decreasing values 503:528 slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity 503:626 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 4 47 theme total 633:637 arg1 orientation 639:649 The total orientation 629:649 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM 629:677 The total orientation of composite fibres and SEM images show morphological changes caused by the presence of lignin. 26542190 6 48 theme composite 871:879 arg1 fibres 881:886 the composite fibres 867:886 the composite fibres 867:886 Thermogravimetric analysis curves of the composite fibres reveal the positive effect of the lignin on the carbonisation yield. 26542190 2 49 theme different 283:291 arg1 ratios 293:298 different ratios 283:298 different ratios 283:298 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 7 50 theme raw 1014:1016 arg1 fibre 980:984 fibre 980:984 fibre 980:984 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 7 50 theme raw 1014:1016 arg1 material 1018:1025 a potential raw material 1002:1025 a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production 1002:1098 Finally, the composite fibre was found to be a potential raw material for textile manufacturing and as a precursor for carbon fibre production. 26542190 2 51 theme non-5-enium 358:368 arg1 acetate 370:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate 318:376 Eucalyptus dissolving pulp and organosolv/kraft lignin blends in different ratios were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate to prepare a spinning dope from which composite fibres were spun successfully. 26542190 0 52 theme Liquid 83:88 arg1 Solution 90:97 Ionic Liquid Solution 77:97 Ionic Liquid Solution 77:97 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution. 26542190 3 53 contain had 478:480 arg2 strength 489:496 a high strength 482:496 a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity 482:626 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 3 53 contain had 478:480 arg1 fibres 471:476 The composite fibres 457:476 The composite fibres 457:476 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 3 54 theme increasing 549:558 arg1 share 560:564 an increasing share 546:564 an increasing share 546:564 The composite fibres had a high strength with slightly decreasing values for fibres with an increasing share of lignin, which is because of the reduction in crystallinity. 26542190 0 55 theme Ionic 77:81 arg1 Solution 90:97 Ionic Liquid Solution 77:97 Ionic Liquid Solution 77:97 High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution. 26422588 8 0 theme 0.1 1261:1263 arg1 mM 1265:1266 mM 1265:1266 mM 1265:1266 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 5 1 theme low 806:808 arg1 mM 836:837 0.1 mM 832:837 0.1 mM 832:837 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 5 1 theme low 806:808 arg1 concentration 810:822 a low concentration 804:822 a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) 804:838 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 3 2 theme 3-dimethyl 476:485 arg1 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 2 theme 3-dimethyl 476:485 arg1 carbodiimide 500:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide 466:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 466:517 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 3 link non-crosslinked 621:635 arg1 gel 637:639 non-crosslinked gel 621:639 non-crosslinked gel 621:639 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 1 4 theme low 240:242 arg1 pain 249:252 low back pain 240:252 low back pain 240:252 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 3 5 with comparison 605:614 arg1 gel 637:639 non-crosslinked gel 621:639 non-crosslinked gel 621:639 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 8 6 dep type 1206:1209 arg1 hydrogel 1226:1233 collagen-HA hydrogel 1214:1233 collagen-HA hydrogel 1214:1233 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 8 6 dep type 1206:1209 arg1 hydrogel 1251:1258 crosslinked hydrogel 1239:1258 crosslinked hydrogel 1239:1258 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 5 7 theme cell 854:857 arg1 viability 859:867 superior cell viability 845:867 superior cell viability 845:867 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 3 8 theme aminopropyl 487:497 arg1 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 8 theme aminopropyl 487:497 arg1 carbodiimide 500:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide 466:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 466:517 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 4 9 from proliferation 676:688 arg1 hydrogels 731:739 hydrogels 731:739 hydrogels 731:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 6 10 theme Quantitative 958:969 arg1 assay 975:979 Quantitative PCR assay 958:979 Quantitative PCR assay 958:979 Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. 26422588 5 11 link non-crosslinked 755:769 arg1 gel 771:773 non-crosslinked gel 755:773 non-crosslinked gel 755:773 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 5 12 theme superior 845:852 arg1 viability 859:867 superior cell viability 845:867 superior cell viability 845:867 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 1 13 theme pain 249:252 arg1 cause 231:235 a major cause 223:235 a major cause of low back pain 223:252 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 7 14 theme phenotypic 1145:1154 arg1 change 1156:1161 the phenotypic change 1141:1161 the phenotypic change of the cells 1141:1174 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. 26422588 5 15 theme higher 929:934 arg1 concentration 936:948 higher concentration 929:948 higher concentration of EDC 929:955 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 7 16 theme genes 1097:1101 arg1 expression 1079:1088 The expression 1075:1088 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels 1075:1126 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. 26422588 4 17 theme human 693:697 arg1 cells 722:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells 693:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels 693:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 8 18 theme mM 1265:1266 arg1 EDC 1268:1270 0.1 mM EDC 1261:1270 0.1 mM EDC 1261:1270 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 8 18 theme mM 1265:1266 arg1 type 1206:1209 the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) 1202:1271 the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) 1202:1271 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 4 19 theme pulposus 707:714 arg1 cells 722:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells 693:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels 693:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 6 20 theme extracellular 1017:1029 arg1 ECM 1039:1041 ECM 1039:1041 ECM 1039:1041 Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. 26422588 6 20 theme extracellular 1017:1029 arg1 matrix 1031:1036 extracellular matrix 1017:1036 extracellular matrix (ECM) 1017:1042 Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. 26422588 8 21 theme permissive 1277:1286 arg1 type 1206:1209 the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) 1202:1271 the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) 1202:1271 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 8 21 theme permissive 1277:1286 arg1 matrix 1288:1293 permissive matrix 1277:1293 permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells 1277:1321 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 3 22 from uptake 595:600 arg1 comparison 605:614 comparison 605:614 comparison with non-crosslinked gel 605:639 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 4 23 theme viability 647:655 arg1 assay 657:661 Cell viability assay 642:661 Cell viability assay 642:661 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 7 24 theme ECM 1093:1095 arg1 genes 1097:1101 ECM genes 1093:1101 ECM genes 1093:1101 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. 26422588 6 25 theme PCR 971:973 arg1 assay 975:979 Quantitative PCR assay 958:979 Quantitative PCR assay 958:979 Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. 26422588 4 26 from hydrogels 731:739 arg1 proliferation 676:688 the proliferation 672:688 the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels 672:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 3 27 with Crosslinking 398:409 arg1 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 27 with Crosslinking 398:409 arg1 carbodiimide 500:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide 466:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 466:517 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 1 28 theme biomechanics 177:188 arg1 alteration 159:168 an overall alteration 148:168 an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column 148:209 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 4 29 theme Cell 642:645 arg1 assay 657:661 Cell viability assay 642:661 Cell viability assay 642:661 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 4 30 theme cells 722:726 arg1 proliferation 676:688 the proliferation 672:688 the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels 672:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 7 31 from cells 1110:1114 arg1 gels 1123:1126 the gels 1119:1126 the gels 1119:1126 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. 26422588 0 32 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 hydrogel 11:18 Injectable hydrogel 0:18 Injectable hydrogel 0:18 Injectable hydrogel provides growth-permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells. 26422588 4 33 from cells 722:726 arg1 hydrogels 731:739 hydrogels 731:739 hydrogels 731:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 1 34 theme intervertebral 109:122 arg1 IVDs 131:134 IVDs 131:134 IVDs 131:134 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 1 34 theme intervertebral 109:122 arg1 discs 124:128 intervertebral discs 109:128 intervertebral discs (IVDs) 109:135 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 3 35 theme type 414:417 arg1 Crosslinking 398:409 Crosslinking 398:409 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 398:517 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 0 36 theme growth-permissive 29:45 arg1 environment 47:57 growth-permissive environment 29:57 growth-permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells 29:90 Injectable hydrogel provides growth-permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells. 26422588 8 37 theme crosslinked 1239:1249 arg1 hydrogel 1251:1258 crosslinked hydrogel 1239:1258 crosslinked hydrogel 1239:1258 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 2 38 theme injectable 273:282 arg1 scaffold 350:357 a potential scaffold 338:357 a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs 338:395 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 2 38 theme injectable 273:282 arg1 composite 293:301 an injectable hydrogel composite 270:301 an injectable hydrogel composite 270:301 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 1 39 theme spinal 197:202 arg1 column 204:209 the spinal column 193:209 the spinal column 193:209 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 2 40 theme hydrogel 284:291 arg1 scaffold 350:357 a potential scaffold 338:357 a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs 338:395 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 2 40 theme hydrogel 284:291 arg1 composite 293:301 an injectable hydrogel composite 270:301 an injectable hydrogel composite 270:301 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 8 41 theme NP 1357:1358 arg1 repair 1360:1365 NP repair 1357:1365 NP repair 1357:1365 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 3 42 theme gel 533:535 arg1 stability 537:545 the gel stability 529:545 the gel stability against collagenase digestion 529:575 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 1 43 theme column 204:209 arg1 biomechanics 177:188 the biomechanics 173:188 the biomechanics of the spinal column 173:209 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 5 44 theme non-crosslinked 755:769 arg1 gel 771:773 non-crosslinked gel 755:773 non-crosslinked gel 755:773 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 8 45 theme collagen-HA 1214:1224 arg1 hydrogel 1226:1233 collagen-HA hydrogel 1214:1233 collagen-HA hydrogel 1214:1233 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 3 46 theme acid 442:445 arg1 hydrogel 452:459 collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 422:459 type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 414:459 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 8 47 theme HNP 1313:1315 arg1 cells 1317:1321 HNP cells 1313:1321 HNP cells 1313:1321 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 2 48 theme IVDs 392:395 arg1 treatment 367:375 the treatment 363:375 the treatment of degenerated IVDs 363:395 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 3 49 dep type 414:417 arg1 hydrogel 452:459 collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 422:459 type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 414:459 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 2 50 theme degenerated 380:390 arg1 IVDs 392:395 degenerated IVDs 380:395 degenerated IVDs 380:395 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 0 51 theme nucleus 69:75 arg1 cells 86:90 human nucleus pulposus cells 63:90 human nucleus pulposus cells 63:90 Injectable hydrogel provides growth-permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells. 26422588 3 52 theme non-crosslinked 621:635 arg1 gel 637:639 non-crosslinked gel 621:639 non-crosslinked gel 621:639 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 53 theme collagenase 555:565 arg1 digestion 567:575 collagenase digestion 555:575 collagenase digestion 555:575 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 54 theme 1-ethyl-3 466:474 arg1 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 EDC 514:516 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 54 theme 1-ethyl-3 466:474 arg1 carbodiimide 500:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide 466:511 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 466:517 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 0 55 theme human 63:67 arg1 cells 86:90 human nucleus pulposus cells 63:90 human nucleus pulposus cells 63:90 Injectable hydrogel provides growth-permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells. 26422588 5 56 from cells 746:750 arg1 gel 771:773 non-crosslinked gel 755:773 non-crosslinked gel 755:773 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 5 56 from cells 746:750 arg1 gel 783:785 the gel 779:785 the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) 779:838 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 8 57 theme cells 1317:1321 arg1 growth 1303:1308 the growth 1299:1308 the growth of HNP cells 1299:1321 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 4 58 theme nucleus 699:705 arg1 cells 722:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells 693:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels 693:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 7 59 theme HNP 1106:1108 arg1 cells 1110:1114 HNP cells 1106:1114 HNP cells in the gels 1106:1126 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. 26422588 5 60 theme EDC 953:955 arg1 concentration 936:948 higher concentration 929:948 higher concentration of EDC 929:955 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 4 61 theme HNP 717:719 arg1 cells 722:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells 693:726 human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels 693:739 Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. 26422588 1 62 theme discs 124:128 arg1 Degeneration 93:104 Degeneration 93:104 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) 93:135 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 6 63 theme gene 998:1001 arg1 expression 1003:1012 the gene expression 994:1012 the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels 994:1072 Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. 26422588 6 64 theme matrix 1031:1036 arg1 expression 1003:1012 the gene expression 994:1012 the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels 994:1072 Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. 26422588 1 65 theme overall 151:157 arg1 alteration 159:168 an overall alteration 148:168 an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column 148:209 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 5 66 from cells 898:902 arg1 gels 907:910 gels 907:910 gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC 907:955 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 1 67 theme major 225:229 arg1 cause 231:235 a major cause 223:235 a major cause of low back pain 223:252 Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. 26422588 7 68 theme cells 1170:1174 arg1 change 1156:1161 the phenotypic change 1141:1161 the phenotypic change of the cells 1141:1174 The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. 26422588 5 69 theme EDC 827:829 arg1 mM 836:837 0.1 mM 832:837 0.1 mM 832:837 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 5 69 theme EDC 827:829 arg1 concentration 810:822 a low concentration 804:822 a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) 804:838 The cells in non-crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. 26422588 3 70 theme water 589:593 arg1 uptake 595:600 water uptake 589:600 water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel 589:639 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 71 theme HA 448:449 arg1 hydrogel 452:459 collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 422:459 type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 414:459 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 3 72 theme collagen-hyaluronic 422:440 arg1 hydrogel 452:459 collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 422:459 type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 414:459 Crosslinking of type II collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non-crosslinked gel. 26422588 0 73 theme pulposus 77:84 arg1 cells 86:90 human nucleus pulposus cells 63:90 human nucleus pulposus cells 63:90 Injectable hydrogel provides growth-permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells. 26422588 8 74 link crosslinked 1239:1249 arg1 hydrogel 1251:1258 crosslinked hydrogel 1239:1258 crosslinked hydrogel 1239:1258 This study suggests that the type II collagen-HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mM EDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. 26422588 2 75 theme potential 340:348 arg1 composite 293:301 an injectable hydrogel composite 270:301 an injectable hydrogel composite 270:301 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 26422588 2 75 theme potential 340:348 arg1 scaffold 350:357 a potential scaffold 338:357 a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs 338:395 In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. 24524272 11 0 theme study 1388:1392 arg1 Results 1369:1375 Results 1369:1375 Results of ex vivo study 1369:1392 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 9 1 theme DMEC-Cys 1201:1208 arg1 nanoparticles 1210:1222 DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1201:1222 DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1201:1222 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 1 2 theme buccal 246:251 arg1 film 253:256 chitosan buccal film 237:256 chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 237:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 6 3 theme dependent 894:902 arg1 variables 904:912 dependent variables 894:912 dependent variables 894:912 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 6 3 theme dependent 894:902 arg1 force 869:873 bioadhesion force 857:873 bioadhesion force 857:873 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 6 3 theme dependent 894:902 arg1 strength 844:851 Tensile strength 836:851 Tensile strength 836:851 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 11 4 theme nanoparticles 1434:1446 arg1 permeation 1412:1421 permeation 1412:1421 permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa 1412:1475 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 11 5 theme DMEC-Cys 1526:1533 arg1 nanoparticles 1535:1547 chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1507:1547 chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1507:1547 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 8 6 theme Optimized 976:984 arg1 nanoparticles 994:1006 Optimized insulin nanoparticles 976:1006 Optimized insulin nanoparticles 976:1006 Optimized insulin nanoparticles were obtained with acceptable physicochemical properties. 24524272 10 7 theme buccal 1251:1256 arg1 film 1258:1261 optimized buccal film 1241:1261 optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol 1241:1301 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 3 8 theme buffer 558:563 arg1 PBS 575:577 PBS 575:577 PBS 575:577 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 3 8 theme buffer 558:563 arg1 solution 565:572 phosphate buffer solution 548:572 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4 548:585 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 4 9 theme chitosan 604:611 arg1 films 620:624 chitosan buccal films 604:624 chitosan buccal films 604:624 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 0 10 theme thiolated 114:122 arg1 derivative 133:142 thiolated chitosan derivative 114:142 thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin 114:173 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 1 11 theme study 196:200 arg1 purpose 180:186 The purpose 176:186 The purpose of this study 176:200 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 4 12 theme films 620:624 arg1 Optimization 588:599 Optimization 588:599 Optimization of chitosan buccal films 588:624 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 11 13 theme ex 1380:1381 arg1 study 1388:1392 ex vivo study 1380:1392 ex vivo study 1380:1392 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 10 14 theme optimized 1241:1249 arg1 film 1258:1261 optimized buccal film 1241:1261 optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol 1241:1301 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 0 15 theme buccal 148:153 arg1 delivery 155:162 buccal delivery 148:162 buccal delivery of insulin 148:173 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 4 16 theme response 681:688 arg1 methodology 698:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 10 17 theme 4 1274:1274 arg1 % 1275:1275 % 1275:1275 % 1275:1275 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 4 18 theme central 650:656 arg1 methodology 698:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 11 19 theme 97.18 1496:1500 arg1 % 1501:1501 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% 1480:1501 % 1501:1501 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 0 20 theme chitosan 51:58 arg1 integrating 65:75 chitosan film integrating 51:75 chitosan film integrating of insulin 51:86 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 1 21 theme thiolated 320:328 arg1 DMEC-Cys 355:362 DMEC-Cys 355:362 DMEC-Cys 355:362 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 1 21 theme thiolated 320:328 arg1 chitosan 345:352 thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan 320:352 thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 320:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 4 22 theme design 668:673 arg1 methodology 698:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 10 23 theme 10 1290:1291 arg1 % 1292:1292 % 1292:1292 % 1292:1292 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 0 24 theme integrating 65:75 arg1 characterization 8:23 characterization 8:23 characterization 8:23 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 0 24 theme integrating 65:75 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 0 24 theme integrating 65:75 arg1 evaluation 37:46 ex vivo evaluation 29:46 ex vivo evaluation 29:46 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 1 25 theme ethyl 339:343 arg1 DMEC-Cys 355:362 DMEC-Cys 355:362 DMEC-Cys 355:362 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 1 25 theme ethyl 339:343 arg1 chitosan 345:352 thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan 320:352 thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 320:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 8 26 theme acceptable 1027:1036 arg1 properties 1054:1063 acceptable physicochemical properties 1027:1063 acceptable physicochemical properties 1027:1063 Optimized insulin nanoparticles were obtained with acceptable physicochemical properties. 24524272 7 27 theme rabbit 954:959 arg1 mucosa 968:973 excised rabbit buccal mucosa 946:973 excised rabbit buccal mucosa 946:973 Ex vivo study was performed on excised rabbit buccal mucosa. 24524272 0 28 theme insulin 80:86 arg1 integrating 65:75 chitosan film integrating 51:75 chitosan film integrating of insulin 51:86 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 9 29 theme insulin 1094:1100 arg1 nanoparticles 1102:1114 insulin nanoparticles 1094:1114 insulin nanoparticles 1094:1114 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 5 30 theme Independent 711:721 arg1 variables 723:731 Independent variables 711:731 Independent variables 711:731 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 11 31 theme rabbit 1456:1461 arg1 mucosa 1470:1475 rabbit buccal mucosa 1456:1475 rabbit buccal mucosa 1456:1475 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 5 32 theme mucoadhesive 784:795 arg1 polymer 797:803 mucoadhesive polymer 784:803 mucoadhesive polymer 784:803 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 10 33 theme tensile 1321:1327 arg1 strength 1329:1336 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength 1307:1336 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength 1307:1336 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 2 34 theme ethyl 422:426 arg1 DMEC 438:441 DMEC 438:441 DMEC 438:441 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 2 34 theme ethyl 422:426 arg1 chitosan 428:435 dimethyl ethyl chitosan 413:435 dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) 413:442 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 1 35 theme insulin 274:280 arg1 nanoparticles 282:294 insulin nanoparticles 274:294 insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 274:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 6 36 theme bioadhesion 857:867 arg1 variables 904:912 dependent variables 894:912 dependent variables 894:912 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 6 36 theme bioadhesion 857:867 arg1 force 869:873 bioadhesion force 857:873 bioadhesion force 857:873 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 6 36 theme bioadhesion 857:867 arg1 strength 844:851 Tensile strength 836:851 Tensile strength 836:851 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 12 37 theme buccal 1640:1645 arg1 delivery 1647:1654 buccal delivery 1640:1654 buccal delivery of insulin 1640:1665 Thus, this study suggests that DMEC-Cys can act as a potential enhancer for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 11 38 theme 17.1 1480:1483 arg1 % 1501:1501 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% 1480:1501 % 1501:1501 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 0 39 theme ex 29:30 arg1 evaluation 37:46 ex vivo evaluation 29:46 ex vivo evaluation 29:46 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 5 40 theme chitosan 759:766 arg1 glycerol 772:779 glycerol 772:779 glycerol 772:779 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 5 40 theme chitosan 759:766 arg1 chitosan 759:766 chitosan 759:766 chitosan 759:766 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 5 40 theme chitosan 759:766 arg1 amounts 748:754 different amounts 738:754 different amounts of chitosan and glycerol 738:779 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 10 41 theme bioadhesion 1349:1359 arg1 forces 1361:1366 2.47 N bioadhesion forces 1342:1366 2.47 N bioadhesion forces 1342:1366 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 11 42 theme chitosan 1507:1514 arg1 nanoparticles 1535:1547 chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1507:1547 chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1507:1547 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 5 43 theme glycerol 772:779 arg1 glycerol 772:779 glycerol 772:779 glycerol 772:779 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 5 43 theme glycerol 772:779 arg1 chitosan 759:766 chitosan 759:766 chitosan 759:766 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 5 43 theme glycerol 772:779 arg1 amounts 748:754 different amounts 738:754 different amounts of chitosan and glycerol 738:779 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 0 44 dep ex 29:30 arg1 vivo 32:35 vivo 32:35 vivo 32:35 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 9 45 theme aqueous 1173:1179 arg1 media 1181:1185 aqueous media 1173:1185 aqueous media 1173:1185 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 7 46 theme Ex 915:916 arg1 study 923:927 Ex vivo study 915:927 Ex vivo study 915:927 Ex vivo study was performed on excised rabbit buccal mucosa. 24524272 9 47 theme In 1066:1067 arg1 profile 1083:1089 In vitro release profile 1066:1089 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles 1066:1114 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 3 48 theme insulin 497:503 arg1 release 486:492 The release 482:492 The release of insulin from nanoparticles 482:522 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 1 49 theme chitosan 237:244 arg1 film 253:256 chitosan buccal film 237:256 chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 237:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 10 50 contain has 1303:1305 arg2 strength 1329:1336 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength 1307:1336 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength 1307:1336 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 10 50 contain has 1303:1305 arg1 film 1258:1261 optimized buccal film 1241:1261 optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol 1241:1301 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 10 50 contain has 1303:1305 arg2 forces 1361:1366 2.47 N bioadhesion forces 1342:1366 2.47 N bioadhesion forces 1342:1366 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 11 51 theme insulin 1426:1432 arg1 nanoparticles 1434:1446 insulin nanoparticles 1426:1446 insulin nanoparticles 1426:1446 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 9 52 theme nanoparticles 1156:1168 arg1 related 1190:1196 related 1190:1196 related 1190:1196 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 9 52 theme nanoparticles 1156:1168 arg1 solubility 1142:1151 the highest solubility 1130:1151 the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media 1130:1185 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 8 53 theme insulin 986:992 arg1 nanoparticles 994:1006 Optimized insulin nanoparticles 976:1006 Optimized insulin nanoparticles 976:1006 Optimized insulin nanoparticles were obtained with acceptable physicochemical properties. 24524272 7 54 dep Ex 915:916 arg1 vivo 918:921 vivo 918:921 vivo 918:921 Ex vivo study was performed on excised rabbit buccal mucosa. 24524272 3 55 dep solution 565:572 arg1 pH 580:581 pH 7.4 580:585 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4 548:585 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 3 56 theme phosphate 548:556 arg1 PBS 575:577 PBS 575:577 PBS 575:577 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 3 56 theme phosphate 548:556 arg1 solution 565:572 phosphate buffer solution 548:572 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4 548:585 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 11 57 dep ex 1380:1381 arg1 vivo 1383:1386 vivo 1383:1386 vivo 1383:1386 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 9 58 dep In 1066:1067 arg1 vitro 1069:1073 vitro 1069:1073 vitro 1069:1073 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 0 59 theme chitosan 124:131 arg1 derivative 133:142 thiolated chitosan derivative 114:142 thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin 114:173 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 10 60 contain containing 1263:1272 arg2 glycerol 1294:1301 10% glycerol 1290:1301 10% glycerol 1290:1301 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 10 60 contain containing 1263:1272 arg1 film 1258:1261 optimized buccal film 1241:1261 optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol 1241:1301 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 10 60 contain containing 1263:1272 arg2 chitosan 1277:1284 4% chitosan 1274:1284 4% chitosan 1274:1284 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 4 61 theme buccal 613:618 arg1 films 620:624 chitosan buccal films 604:624 chitosan buccal films 604:624 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 10 62 theme % 1275:1275 arg1 chitosan 1277:1284 4% chitosan 1274:1284 4% chitosan 1274:1284 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 0 63 theme insulin 167:173 arg1 delivery 155:162 buccal delivery 148:162 buccal delivery of insulin 148:173 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 0 64 theme film 60:63 arg1 integrating 65:75 chitosan film integrating 51:75 chitosan film integrating of insulin 51:86 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 10 65 theme % 1292:1292 arg1 glycerol 1294:1301 10% glycerol 1290:1301 10% glycerol 1290:1301 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 24524272 5 66 theme different 738:746 arg1 glycerol 772:779 glycerol 772:779 glycerol 772:779 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 5 66 theme different 738:746 arg1 chitosan 759:766 chitosan 759:766 chitosan 759:766 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 5 66 theme different 738:746 arg1 amounts 748:754 different amounts 738:754 different amounts of chitosan and glycerol 738:779 Independent variables were different amounts of chitosan and glycerol as mucoadhesive polymer and plasticizer, respectively. 24524272 1 67 theme dimethyl 330:337 arg1 DMEC-Cys 355:362 DMEC-Cys 355:362 DMEC-Cys 355:362 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 1 67 theme dimethyl 330:337 arg1 chitosan 345:352 thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan 320:352 thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 320:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 8 68 theme physicochemical 1038:1052 arg1 properties 1054:1063 acceptable physicochemical properties 1027:1063 acceptable physicochemical properties 1027:1063 Optimized insulin nanoparticles were obtained with acceptable physicochemical properties. 24524272 3 69 from nanoparticles 510:522 arg1 release 486:492 The release 482:492 The release of insulin from nanoparticles 482:522 The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4. 24524272 2 70 theme control 466:472 arg1 groups 474:479 control groups 466:479 control groups 466:479 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 2 70 theme control 466:472 arg1 nanoparticles 374:386 Insulin nanoparticles 366:386 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) 366:442 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 4 71 theme composite 658:666 arg1 CCD 676:678 CCD 676:678 CCD 676:678 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 4 71 theme composite 658:666 arg1 design 668:673 composite design 658:673 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 9 72 theme release 1075:1081 arg1 profile 1083:1089 In vitro release profile 1066:1089 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles 1066:1114 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 7 73 theme buccal 961:966 arg1 mucosa 968:973 excised rabbit buccal mucosa 946:973 excised rabbit buccal mucosa 946:973 Ex vivo study was performed on excised rabbit buccal mucosa. 24524272 11 74 theme buccal 1463:1468 arg1 mucosa 1470:1475 rabbit buccal mucosa 1456:1475 rabbit buccal mucosa 1456:1475 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 7 75 theme excised 946:952 arg1 mucosa 968:973 excised rabbit buccal mucosa 946:973 excised rabbit buccal mucosa 946:973 Ex vivo study was performed on excised rabbit buccal mucosa. 24524272 0 76 dep nanoparticles 88:100 arg1 composed 102:109 composed 102:109 nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin 88:173 Design, characterization and ex vivo evaluation of chitosan film integrating of insulin nanoparticles composed of thiolated chitosan derivative for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 11 77 theme DMEC 1517:1520 arg1 nanoparticles 1535:1547 chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1507:1547 chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles 1507:1547 Results of ex vivo study demonstrated that permeation of insulin nanoparticles through rabbit buccal mucosa is 17.1, 67.89 and 97.18% for chitosan, DMEC and DMEC-Cys nanoparticles, respectively. 24524272 9 78 theme nanoparticles 1102:1114 arg1 profile 1083:1089 In vitro release profile 1066:1089 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles 1066:1114 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 12 79 theme insulin 1659:1665 arg1 delivery 1647:1654 buccal delivery 1640:1654 buccal delivery of insulin 1640:1665 Thus, this study suggests that DMEC-Cys can act as a potential enhancer for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 4 80 theme surface 690:696 arg1 methodology 698:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology 650:708 Optimization of chitosan buccal films has been carried out by central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology. 24524272 2 81 theme Insulin 366:372 arg1 nanoparticles 374:386 Insulin nanoparticles 366:386 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) 366:442 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 2 81 theme Insulin 366:372 arg1 groups 474:479 control groups 466:479 control groups 466:479 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 12 82 theme potential 1617:1625 arg1 DMEC-Cys 1595:1602 DMEC-Cys 1595:1602 DMEC-Cys 1595:1602 Thus, this study suggests that DMEC-Cys can act as a potential enhancer for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 12 82 theme potential 1617:1625 arg1 enhancer 1627:1634 a potential enhancer 1615:1634 a potential enhancer for buccal delivery of insulin 1615:1665 Thus, this study suggests that DMEC-Cys can act as a potential enhancer for buccal delivery of insulin. 24524272 9 83 theme highest 1134:1140 arg1 related 1190:1196 related 1190:1196 related 1190:1196 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 9 83 theme highest 1134:1140 arg1 solubility 1142:1151 the highest solubility 1130:1151 the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media 1130:1185 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 2 84 theme dimethyl 413:420 arg1 DMEC 438:441 DMEC 438:441 DMEC 438:441 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 2 84 theme dimethyl 413:420 arg1 chitosan 428:435 dimethyl ethyl chitosan 413:435 dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) 413:442 Insulin nanoparticles composed of chitosan and dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC) were also prepared as control groups. 24524272 1 85 theme nanoparticles 282:294 arg1 delivery 262:269 delivery 262:269 delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys) 262:363 The purpose of this study is to optimize and characterize of chitosan buccal film for delivery of insulin nanoparticles that were prepared from thiolated dimethyl ethyl chitosan (DMEC-Cys). 24524272 9 86 from solubility 1142:1151 arg1 media 1181:1185 aqueous media 1173:1185 aqueous media 1173:1185 In vitro release profile of insulin nanoparticles revealed that the highest solubility of nanoparticles in aqueous media is related to DMEC-Cys nanoparticles. 24524272 6 87 theme Tensile 836:842 arg1 strength 844:851 Tensile strength 836:851 Tensile strength 836:851 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 6 87 theme Tensile 836:842 arg1 force 869:873 bioadhesion force 857:873 bioadhesion force 857:873 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 6 87 theme Tensile 836:842 arg1 variables 904:912 dependent variables 894:912 dependent variables 894:912 Tensile strength and bioadhesion force were considered as dependent variables. 24524272 10 88 theme 2.47 N 1342:1347 arg1 forces 1361:1366 2.47 N bioadhesion forces 1342:1366 2.47 N bioadhesion forces 1342:1366 CCD showed that optimized buccal film containing 4% chitosan and 10% glycerol has 5.81 kg/mm(2) tensile strength and 2.47 N bioadhesion forces. 28152100 1 0 theme storage 252:258 arg1 carbohydrate 260:271 storage carbohydrate 252:271 storage carbohydrate 252:271 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 1 dep Arabidopsis 1934:1944 arg1 leaves 1946:1951 leaves 1946:1951 leaves 1946:1951 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 2 from occurrence 834:843 arg1 illuminated 880:890 illuminated 880:890 illuminated 880:890 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 4 3 theme severe 1033:1038 arg1 phenotype 1046:1054 a severe dwarf phenotype 1031:1054 a severe dwarf phenotype 1031:1054 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 3 4 theme dpe1 670:673 arg1 plants 675:680 CL grown dpe1 plants 661:680 CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 661:732 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 5 5 theme ADP-glucose 1392:1402 arg1 AGP 1423:1425 AGP 1423:1425 AGP 1423:1425 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 5 5 theme ADP-glucose 1392:1402 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 1404:1420 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1392:1420 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) 1392:1426 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 2 6 theme continuous 599:608 arg1 CL 617:618 CL 617:618 CL 617:618 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 2 6 theme continuous 599:608 arg1 light 610:614 continuous light 599:614 continuous light (CL) conditions 599:630 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 1 7 theme many 276:279 arg1 organisms 281:289 many organisms 276:289 many organisms 276:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 8 theme disproportionating 708:725 arg1 enzyme 727:732 the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 694:732 the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 694:732 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 1 9 from organisms 281:289 arg1 occurrence 198:207 the occurrence 194:207 the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms 194:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 10 theme data 178:181 arg1 wealth 168:173 a great wealth 160:173 a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms 160:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 0 11 theme illuminated 110:120 arg1 Arabidopsis 122:132 illuminated Arabidopsis 110:132 illuminated Arabidopsis 110:132 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 12 theme illuminated 387:397 arg1 Arabidopsis 399:409 illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 387:416 illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 387:416 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 13 theme breakdown 1900:1908 arg1 products 1910:1917 starch breakdown products 1893:1917 starch breakdown products 1893:1917 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 4 14 theme maltose 1086:1092 arg1 levels 1076:1081 high levels 1071:1081 high levels of maltose 1071:1092 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 3 15 dep WT 779:780 arg1 leaves 782:787 leaves 782:787 leaves 782:787 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 1 16 from occurrence 198:207 arg1 organisms 281:289 many organisms 276:289 many organisms 276:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 17 from breakdown 239:247 arg1 organisms 281:289 many organisms 276:289 many organisms 276:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 18 dep illuminated 880:890 arg1 leaves 892:897 leaves 892:897 leaves 892:897 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 5 19 dep conducted 1431:1439 arg1 investigate 1265:1275 investigate 1265:1275 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) 1262:1426 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 1 20 from synthesis 225:233 arg1 organisms 281:289 many organisms 276:289 many organisms 276:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 5 21 from starch 1509:1514 arg1 analyses 1449:1456 kinetic analyses 1441:1456 kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1441:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 4 22 theme grown 936:940 arg1 plants 953:958 CL grown mex1/pglct plants 933:958 CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose 933:996 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 4 23 theme MEX1 1124:1127 arg1 transporters 1139:1150 the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters 1120:1150 transporters 1139:1150 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 3 24 theme maltotriose 762:772 arg1 levels 752:757 higher levels 745:757 higher levels of maltotriose 745:772 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 3 25 theme extensive 848:856 arg1 degradation 865:875 extensive starch degradation 848:875 extensive starch degradation 848:875 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 5 26 theme isotope 1472:1478 arg1 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 5 26 theme isotope 1472:1478 arg1 composition 1487:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition 1461:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1461:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 4 27 theme pGlcT 1133:1137 arg1 transporters 1139:1150 the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters 1120:1150 transporters 1139:1150 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 3 28 theme overall 794:800 arg1 data 802:805 the overall data 790:805 the overall data 790:805 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 1 29 theme starch 348:353 arg1 degradation 355:365 starch degradation 348:365 starch degradation 348:365 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 30 theme cycling 1882:1888 arg1 occurrence 1855:1864 the occurrence 1851:1864 the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 1851:1951 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 6 31 theme δ13C 1614:1617 arg1 increase 1602:1609 increase 1602:1609 increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse 1602:1659 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 2 32 theme higher 528:533 arg1 levels 535:540 higher levels 528:540 higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) 528:570 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 5 33 theme composition 1487:1497 arg1 analyses 1449:1456 kinetic analyses 1441:1456 kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1441:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 4 34 theme products 1199:1206 arg1 export 1172:1177 the export 1168:1177 the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination 1168:1259 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 0 35 theme degradation 83:93 arg1 occurrence 62:71 the occurrence 58:71 the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis 58:132 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 6 36 theme increase 1602:1609 arg1 higher 1677:1682 higher 1677:1682 higher 1677:1682 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 6 36 theme increase 1602:1609 arg1 rate 1594:1597 the rate 1590:1597 the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse 1590:1659 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 6 37 dep WT 1697:1698 arg1 leaves 1700:1705 leaves 1700:1705 leaves 1700:1705 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 0 38 theme cycling 99:105 arg1 occurrence 62:71 the occurrence 58:71 the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis 58:132 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 39 from occurrence 1855:1864 arg1 Arabidopsis 1934:1944 illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 1922:1951 illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 1922:1951 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 40 theme degradation 865:875 arg1 occurrence 834:843 the occurrence 830:843 the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves 830:897 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 2 41 theme starch 492:497 arg1 mutants 509:515 starch breakdown mutants 492:515 starch breakdown mutants 492:515 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 0 42 theme Genetic 0:6 arg1 evidence 45:52 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence 0:52 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis 0:132 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 43 dep leaves 651:656 arg1 accumulate 734:743 accumulate 734:743 accumulate 734:743 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 2 44 dep gwd 447:449 arg1 mutants 509:515 starch breakdown mutants 492:515 starch breakdown mutants 492:515 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 4 45 theme starch 1182:1187 arg1 products 1199:1206 starch breakdown products 1182:1206 starch breakdown products 1182:1206 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 5 46 theme starch 1285:1290 arg1 products 1302:1309 starch breakdown products 1285:1309 starch breakdown products 1285:1309 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 6 47 from starch 1622:1627 arg1 higher 1677:1682 higher 1677:1682 higher 1677:1682 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 6 47 from starch 1622:1627 arg1 rate 1594:1597 the rate 1590:1597 the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse 1590:1659 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 6 48 from increase 1602:1609 arg1 starch 1622:1627 starch 1622:1627 starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse 1622:1659 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 1 49 theme 13CO2 301:305 arg1 studies 325:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 2 50 dep accumulate 517:526 arg1 leaves 572:577 leaves 572:577 accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions 517:630 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 4 51 theme chloroplastic 976:988 arg1 maltose 990:996 the chloroplastic maltose 972:996 the chloroplastic maltose 972:996 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 1 52 theme based 319:323 arg1 studies 325:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 53 theme simultaneous 212:223 arg1 synthesis 225:233 synthesis 225:233 synthesis 225:233 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 4 54 theme high 1071:1074 arg1 levels 1076:1081 high levels 1071:1081 high levels of maltose 1071:1092 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 5 55 dep 13CO2 1529:1533 arg1 WT 1549:1550 pulsed-chased WT 1535:1550 pulsed-chased WT 1535:1550 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 7 56 theme aps1 1747:1750 arg1 starch 1737:1742 starch 1737:1742 starch of aps1 leaves 1737:1757 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 57 dep Arabidopsis 399:409 arg1 leaves 411:416 leaves 411:416 leaves 411:416 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 58 theme grown 664:668 arg1 plants 675:680 CL grown dpe1 plants 661:680 CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 661:732 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 4 59 theme dwarf 1040:1044 arg1 phenotype 1046:1054 a severe dwarf phenotype 1031:1054 a severe dwarf phenotype 1031:1054 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 5 60 theme pulsed-chased 1535:1547 arg1 WT 1549:1550 pulsed-chased WT 1535:1550 pulsed-chased WT 1535:1550 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 7 61 theme δ13C 1721:1724 arg1 decline 1726:1732 δ13C decline 1721:1732 δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase 1721:1774 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 62 theme carbohydrate 260:271 arg1 breakdown 239:247 breakdown 239:247 breakdown 239:247 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 62 theme carbohydrate 260:271 arg1 synthesis 225:233 synthesis 225:233 synthesis 225:233 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 5 63 theme kinetic 1441:1447 arg1 analyses 1449:1456 kinetic analyses 1441:1456 kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1441:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 1 64 theme great 162:166 arg1 wealth 168:173 a great wealth 160:173 a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms 160:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 2 65 theme light 610:614 arg1 conditions 621:630 continuous light (CL) conditions 599:630 continuous light (CL) conditions 599:630 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 7 66 dep aps1 1747:1750 arg1 leaves 1752:1757 leaves 1752:1757 leaves 1752:1757 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 67 theme illuminated 1922:1932 arg1 Arabidopsis 1934:1944 illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 1922:1951 illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 1922:1951 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 5 68 from analyses 1449:1456 arg1 starch 1509:1514 starch 1509:1514 starch 1509:1514 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 2 69 theme starch 545:550 arg1 levels 535:540 higher levels 528:540 higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) 528:570 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 3 70 theme plastidic 698:706 arg1 enzyme 727:732 the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 694:732 the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 694:732 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 6 71 from rate 1594:1597 arg1 starch 1622:1627 starch 1622:1627 starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse 1622:1659 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 7 72 theme products 1910:1917 arg1 cycling 1882:1888 AGP-mediated cycling 1869:1888 AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products 1869:1917 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 5 73 from composition 1487:1497 arg1 starch 1509:1514 starch 1509:1514 starch 1509:1514 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 0 74 from occurrence 62:71 arg1 Arabidopsis 122:132 illuminated Arabidopsis 110:132 illuminated Arabidopsis 110:132 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 75 theme starch 1893:1898 arg1 products 1910:1917 starch breakdown products 1893:1917 starch breakdown products 1893:1917 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 6 76 theme aps1 1632:1635 arg1 starch 1622:1627 starch 1622:1627 starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse 1622:1659 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 3 77 theme higher 745:750 arg1 levels 752:757 higher levels 745:757 higher levels of maltotriose 745:772 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 2 78 theme wild 557:560 arg1 type 562:565 wild type 557:565 wild type (WT) 557:570 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 2 78 theme wild 557:560 arg1 WT 568:569 WT 568:569 WT 568:569 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 4 79 theme CL 933:934 arg1 plants 953:958 CL grown mex1/pglct plants 933:958 CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose 933:996 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 0 80 theme starch 76:81 arg1 degradation 83:93 starch degradation 76:93 starch degradation 76:93 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 6 81 dep aps1 1632:1635 arg1 leaves 1637:1642 leaves 1637:1642 leaves 1637:1642 Notably, the rate of increase of δ13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves. 28152100 7 82 theme AGP-mediated 1869:1880 arg1 cycling 1882:1888 AGP-mediated cycling 1869:1888 AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products 1869:1917 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 3 83 theme starch 858:863 arg1 degradation 865:875 extensive starch degradation 848:875 extensive starch degradation 848:875 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 4 84 theme mex1/pglct 942:951 arg1 plants 953:958 CL grown mex1/pglct plants 933:958 CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose 933:996 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 5 85 theme carbon 1480:1485 arg1 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 5 85 theme carbon 1480:1485 arg1 composition 1487:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition 1461:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1461:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 2 86 theme breakdown 499:507 arg1 mutants 509:515 starch breakdown mutants 492:515 starch breakdown mutants 492:515 Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions. 28152100 7 87 theme strong 1831:1836 arg1 evidence 1838:1845 strong evidence 1831:1845 strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves 1831:1951 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 5 88 theme stable 1465:1470 arg1 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 5 88 theme stable 1465:1470 arg1 composition 1487:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition 1461:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1461:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 4 89 theme breakdown 1189:1197 arg1 products 1199:1206 starch breakdown products 1182:1206 starch breakdown products 1182:1206 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 4 90 theme glucose 1002:1008 arg1 transporters 1010:1021 glucose transporters 1002:1021 glucose transporters 1002:1021 Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination. 28152100 5 91 theme leaves 1519:1524 arg1 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 δ13C 1500:1503 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 5 91 theme leaves 1519:1524 arg1 composition 1487:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition 1461:1497 the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants 1461:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 5 92 theme breakdown 1292:1300 arg1 products 1302:1309 starch breakdown products 1285:1309 starch breakdown products 1285:1309 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 0 93 theme spectrometric 31:43 arg1 evidence 45:52 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence 0:52 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis 0:132 Genetic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of starch degradation and cycling in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 94 theme previous 292:299 arg1 studies 325:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 95 dep WT 1805:1806 arg1 leaves 1808:1813 leaves 1808:1813 leaves 1808:1813 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 96 theme pulse-chase 307:317 arg1 studies 325:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies 292:331 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 1 97 theme synthesis 225:233 arg1 occurrence 198:207 the occurrence 194:207 the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms 194:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 7 98 from decline 1726:1732 arg1 starch 1737:1742 starch 1737:1742 starch of aps1 leaves 1737:1757 Furthermore, δ13C decline in starch of aps1 leaves during the chase was much faster than that of WT leaves, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of AGP-mediated cycling of starch breakdown products in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 28152100 5 99 theme aps1 1568:1571 arg1 plants 1573:1578 aps1 plants 1568:1578 aps1 plants 1568:1578 To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (δ13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants. 28152100 3 100 theme CL 661:662 arg1 plants 675:680 CL grown dpe1 plants 661:680 CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme 661:732 We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves. 28152100 1 101 theme breakdown 239:247 arg1 occurrence 198:207 the occurrence 194:207 the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms 194:289 Although there is a great wealth of data supporting the occurrence of simultaneous synthesis and breakdown of storage carbohydrate in many organisms, previous 13CO2 pulse-chase based studies indicated that starch degradation does not operate in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. 26291789 7 0 theme 2'-FL 1252:1256 arg1 concentration 1230:1242 high concentration 1225:1242 high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B) 1225:1376 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 0 1 from quantification 18:31 arg1 milk 88:91 human milk 82:91 human milk 82:91 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 7 2 theme donor 1277:1281 arg1 A 1283:1283 donor A 1277:1283 donor A 1277:1283 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 1 3 theme immune 291:296 arg1 system 298:303 the immune system 287:303 the immune system 287:303 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 2 4 theme biological 523:532 arg1 role 534:537 its diverse biological role 511:537 its diverse biological role 511:537 Hence, huge effort is underway by manufacturers to produce infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most. 26291789 8 5 theme quality 1509:1515 arg1 technique 1525:1533 a quality control technique 1507:1533 a quality control technique for the infant formulas 1507:1557 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 5 theme quality 1509:1515 arg1 method 1487:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 5 theme quality 1509:1515 arg1 alternative 1578:1588 an alternative 1575:1588 an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples 1575:1660 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 2 6 theme huge 383:386 arg1 effort 388:393 huge effort 383:393 huge effort 383:393 Hence, huge effort is underway by manufacturers to produce infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most. 26291789 7 7 theme donor 1307:1311 arg1 B 1313:1313 donor B 1307:1313 donor B 1307:1313 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 0 8 theme O-trimethylsilyl-oxime 105:126 arg1 derivatives 128:138 O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives 105:138 O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives 105:138 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 0 9 from Determination 0:12 arg1 milk 88:91 human milk 82:91 human milk 82:91 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 6 10 from monitoring 1055:1064 arg1 samples 1167:1173 human milks samples 1155:1173 human milks samples collected from two volunteers 1155:1203 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 4 11 theme 3-O-fucosyllactose 793:810 arg1 derivatives 754:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives 734:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 734:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 6 12 theme standard 1014:1021 arg1 calibration 1023:1033 external standard calibration 1005:1033 external standard calibration 1005:1033 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 4 13 theme derivatives 754:764 arg1 quantification 716:729 the quantification 712:729 the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 712:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 7 14 theme one-week 1440:1447 arg1 period 1459:1464 the one-week lactation period 1436:1464 the one-week lactation period 1436:1464 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 6 15 theme external 1005:1012 arg1 calibration 1023:1033 external standard calibration 1005:1033 external standard calibration 1005:1033 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 7 16 theme high 1225:1228 arg1 concentration 1230:1242 high concentration 1225:1242 high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B) 1225:1376 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 8 17 theme control 1517:1523 arg1 technique 1525:1533 a quality control technique 1507:1533 a quality control technique for the infant formulas 1507:1557 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 17 theme control 1517:1523 arg1 method 1487:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 17 theme control 1517:1523 arg1 alternative 1578:1588 an alternative 1575:1588 an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples 1575:1660 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 5 18 theme EI 869:870 arg1 pattern 886:892 The EI fragmentation pattern 865:892 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers 865:915 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers is discussed in details, focusing also on specific fragment ions. 26291789 5 19 theme linkage 901:907 arg1 isomers 909:915 the linkage isomers 897:915 the linkage isomers 897:915 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers is discussed in details, focusing also on specific fragment ions. 26291789 6 20 theme changes 1083:1089 arg1 monitoring 1055:1064 the monitoring 1051:1064 the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers 1051:1203 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 7 21 theme lactation 1449:1457 arg1 period 1459:1464 the one-week lactation period 1436:1464 the one-week lactation period 1436:1464 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 5 22 theme specific 959:966 arg1 ions 977:980 specific fragment ions 959:980 specific fragment ions 959:980 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers is discussed in details, focusing also on specific fragment ions. 26291789 6 23 theme first 1128:1132 arg1 week 1134:1137 the first week 1124:1137 the first week of lactation 1124:1150 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 4 24 theme fit 679:681 arg1 method 701:706 a fit for purpose GC-MS method 677:706 a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 677:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 3 25 theme composition 613:623 arg1 task 652:655 a key task 646:655 a key task 646:655 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 3 25 theme composition 613:623 arg1 quantification 567:580 quantification 567:580 quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk 567:641 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 6 26 theme trisaccharides 1098:1111 arg1 changes 1083:1089 concentration changes 1069:1089 concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation 1069:1150 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 4 27 theme GC-MS 695:699 arg1 method 701:706 a fit for purpose GC-MS method 677:706 a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 677:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 4 28 theme oxime 748:752 arg1 derivatives 754:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives 734:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 734:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 7 29 theme 3-FL 1320:1323 arg1 concentration 1230:1242 high concentration 1225:1242 high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B) 1225:1376 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 5 30 theme isomers 909:915 arg1 pattern 886:892 The EI fragmentation pattern 865:892 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers 865:915 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers is discussed in details, focusing also on specific fragment ions. 26291789 2 31 theme milk 471:474 arg1 oligosaccharides 476:491 human milk oligosaccharides 465:491 human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most 465:546 Hence, huge effort is underway by manufacturers to produce infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most. 26291789 8 32 theme infant 1543:1548 arg1 formulas 1550:1557 the infant formulas 1539:1557 the infant formulas 1539:1557 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 7 33 dep 2'-FL 1252:1256 arg1 2694-3551μg/mL 1289:1302 2694-3551μg/mL 1289:1302 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B 1289:1313 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 33 dep 2'-FL 1252:1256 arg1 4525-6266μg/mL 1259:1272 4525-6266μg/mL 1259:1272 4525-6266μg/mL in donor A 1259:1283 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 34 from 2694-3551μg/mL 1289:1302 arg1 B 1313:1313 donor B 1307:1313 donor B 1307:1313 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 34 from 2694-3551μg/mL 1289:1302 arg1 A 1283:1283 donor A 1277:1283 donor A 1277:1283 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 3 35 theme natural 589:595 arg1 composition 613:623 the natural oligosaccharide composition 585:623 the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk 585:641 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 4 36 theme human 853:857 arg1 milk 859:862 human milk 853:862 human milk 853:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 1 37 theme several 236:242 arg1 infections 264:273 several bacterial and viral infections 236:273 several bacterial and viral infections 236:273 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 2 38 theme human 465:469 arg1 oligosaccharides 476:491 human milk oligosaccharides 465:491 human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most 465:546 Hence, huge effort is underway by manufacturers to produce infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most. 26291789 6 39 theme GC-MS 987:991 arg1 method 993:998 The GC-MS method 983:998 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration 983:1033 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 5 40 theme fragment 968:975 arg1 ions 977:980 specific fragment ions 959:980 specific fragment ions 959:980 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers is discussed in details, focusing also on specific fragment ions. 26291789 3 41 theme oligosaccharide 597:611 arg1 composition 613:623 the natural oligosaccharide composition 585:623 the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk 585:641 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 1 42 theme bacterial 244:252 arg1 infections 264:273 several bacterial and viral infections 236:273 several bacterial and viral infections 236:273 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 2 43 theme diverse 515:521 arg1 role 534:537 its diverse biological role 511:537 its diverse biological role 511:537 Hence, huge effort is underway by manufacturers to produce infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most. 26291789 6 44 theme milks 1161:1165 arg1 samples 1167:1173 human milks samples 1155:1173 human milks samples collected from two volunteers 1155:1203 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 6 45 theme concentration 1069:1081 arg1 changes 1083:1089 concentration changes 1069:1089 concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation 1069:1150 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 3 46 theme milk 638:641 arg1 composition 613:623 the natural oligosaccharide composition 585:623 the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk 585:641 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 7 47 theme donor 1342:1346 arg1 A 1348:1348 donor A 1342:1348 donor A 1342:1348 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 5 48 theme fragmentation 872:884 arg1 pattern 886:892 The EI fragmentation pattern 865:892 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers 865:915 The EI fragmentation pattern of the linkage isomers is discussed in details, focusing also on specific fragment ions. 26291789 0 49 theme 2'-O-fucosyllactose 36:54 arg1 quantification 18:31 quantification 18:31 quantification 18:31 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 0 49 theme 2'-O-fucosyllactose 36:54 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 7 50 theme significant 1388:1398 arg1 change 1400:1405 no significant change 1385:1405 no significant change 1385:1405 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 2 51 theme infant 435:440 arg1 formulas 442:449 infant formulas 435:449 infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most 435:546 Hence, huge effort is underway by manufacturers to produce infant formulas enriched with human milk oligosaccharides which could mimic its diverse biological role the most. 26291789 6 52 theme lactation 1142:1150 arg1 week 1134:1137 the first week 1124:1137 the first week of lactation 1124:1150 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 1 53 theme Human 141:145 arg1 oligosaccharides 152:167 Human milk oligosaccharides 141:167 Human milk oligosaccharides 141:167 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 0 54 theme 3-O-fucosyllactose 60:77 arg1 quantification 18:31 quantification 18:31 quantification 18:31 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 0 54 theme 3-O-fucosyllactose 60:77 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 8 55 theme GC-MS 1481:1485 arg1 technique 1525:1533 a quality control technique 1507:1533 a quality control technique for the infant formulas 1507:1557 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 55 theme GC-MS 1481:1485 arg1 method 1487:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 55 theme GC-MS 1481:1485 arg1 alternative 1578:1588 an alternative 1575:1588 an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples 1575:1660 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 3 56 theme human 632:636 arg1 milk 638:641 the human milk 628:641 the human milk 628:641 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 1 57 theme milk 147:150 arg1 oligosaccharides 152:167 Human milk oligosaccharides 141:167 Human milk oligosaccharides 141:167 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 8 58 from HMOs 1641:1644 arg1 samples 1654:1660 milk samples 1649:1660 milk samples 1649:1660 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 1 59 theme brain 357:361 arg1 development 363:373 the brain development 353:373 the brain development 353:373 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 1 60 from infections 264:273 arg1 infant 224:229 the infant 220:229 the infant from several bacterial and viral infections 220:273 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 8 61 theme presented 1471:1479 arg1 technique 1525:1533 a quality control technique 1507:1533 a quality control technique for the infant formulas 1507:1557 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 61 theme presented 1471:1479 arg1 method 1487:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method 1467:1492 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 8 61 theme presented 1471:1479 arg1 alternative 1578:1588 an alternative 1575:1588 an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples 1575:1660 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 7 62 theme donor 1369:1373 arg1 B 1375:1375 donor B 1369:1375 donor B 1369:1375 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 63 from 271-441μg/mL 1326:1337 arg1 99-208μg/mL 1354:1364 99-208μg/mL 1354:1364 99-208μg/mL 1354:1364 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 63 from 271-441μg/mL 1326:1337 arg1 B 1375:1375 donor B 1369:1375 donor B 1369:1375 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 63 from 271-441μg/mL 1326:1337 arg1 A 1348:1348 donor A 1342:1348 donor A 1342:1348 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 4 64 theme ether 742:746 arg1 derivatives 754:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives 734:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 734:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 4 65 theme 2'-O-fucosyllactose 769:787 arg1 derivatives 754:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives 734:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 734:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 8 66 theme chromatographic 1602:1616 arg1 methods 1618:1624 chromatographic methods 1602:1624 chromatographic methods 1602:1624 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 26291789 6 67 with method 993:998 arg1 calibration 1023:1033 external standard calibration 1005:1033 external standard calibration 1005:1033 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 7 68 from 4525-6266μg/mL 1259:1272 arg1 B 1313:1313 donor B 1307:1313 donor B 1307:1313 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 68 from 4525-6266μg/mL 1259:1272 arg1 A 1283:1283 donor A 1277:1283 donor A 1277:1283 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 7 69 dep 3-FL 1320:1323 arg1 271-441μg/mL 1326:1337 271-441μg/mL 1326:1337 271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B 1326:1375 The results showed high concentration of both 2'-FL (4525-6266μg/mL in donor A and 2694-3551μg/mL in donor B) and 3-FL (271-441μg/mL in donor A and 99-208μg/mL in donor B), while no significant change has been observed throughout the one-week lactation period. 26291789 4 70 from trisaccharides 835:848 arg1 milk 859:862 human milk 853:862 human milk 853:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 4 71 theme TMS 738:740 arg1 derivatives 754:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives 734:764 the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 734:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 6 72 theme human 1155:1159 arg1 samples 1167:1173 human milks samples 1155:1173 human milks samples collected from two volunteers 1155:1203 The GC-MS method with external standard calibration was applied for the monitoring of concentration changes of the trisaccharides throughout the first week of lactation in human milks samples collected from two volunteers. 26291789 1 73 theme viral 258:262 arg1 infections 264:273 several bacterial and viral infections 236:273 several bacterial and viral infections 236:273 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 4 74 theme abundant 826:833 arg1 trisaccharides 835:848 the two most abundant trisaccharides 813:848 the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk 813:862 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 4 74 theme abundant 826:833 arg1 2'-O-fucosyllactose 769:787 2'-O-fucosyllactose 769:787 2'-O-fucosyllactose 769:787 This study reports a fit for purpose GC-MS method for the quantification of the TMS ether oxime derivatives of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose, the two most abundant trisaccharides in human milk. 26291789 1 75 theme various 177:183 arg1 functions 196:204 various biological functions 177:204 various biological functions 177:204 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 0 76 theme human 82:86 arg1 milk 88:91 human milk 82:91 human milk 82:91 Determination and quantification of 2'-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC-MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. 26291789 1 77 contain possess 169:175 arg1 oligosaccharides 152:167 Human milk oligosaccharides 141:167 Human milk oligosaccharides 141:167 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 1 77 contain possess 169:175 arg2 functions 196:204 various biological functions 177:204 various biological functions 177:204 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 3 78 theme key 648:650 arg1 task 652:655 a key task 646:655 a key task 646:655 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 3 78 theme key 648:650 arg1 quantification 567:580 quantification 567:580 quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk 567:641 For this purpose, quantification of the natural oligosaccharide composition of the human milk is a key task. 26291789 1 79 theme biological 185:194 arg1 functions 196:204 various biological functions 177:204 various biological functions 177:204 Human milk oligosaccharides possess various biological functions by protecting the infant from several bacterial and viral infections, modulating the immune system, serving as prebiotics and also contributing to the brain development. 26291789 8 80 theme milk 1649:1652 arg1 samples 1654:1660 milk samples 1649:1660 milk samples 1649:1660 The presented GC-MS method can serve as a quality control technique for the infant formulas and also offers an alternative to existing chromatographic methods to investigate HMOs in milk samples. 28464110 1 0 theme ileal 250:254 arg1 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 0 theme ileal 250:254 arg1 digestibility 256:268 standardized ileal digestibility 237:268 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 237:274 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 17 1 theme feed 2426:2429 arg1 tables 2431:2436 feed tables 2426:2436 feed tables 2426:2436 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 16 2 theme CP 2293:2294 arg1 composition 2243:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 2 theme CP 2293:2294 arg1 characteristics 2265:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 2 theme CP 2293:2294 arg1 SID 2286:2288 SID 2286:2288 SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions 2286:2357 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 4 3 used used 675:678 arg2 method 664:669 The N-free method 653:669 The N-free method 653:669 The N-free method was used to determine basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 28464110 12 4 theme ileal 1566:1570 arg1 content 1583:1589 standardized ileal digestible content 1553:1589 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1553:1602 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 12 4 theme ileal 1566:1570 arg1 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 8 5 theme as-fed 1071:1076 arg1 basis 1078:1082 an as-fed basis 1068:1082 an as-fed basis 1068:1082 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 4 6 theme basal 693:697 arg1 CP 716:717 basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 693:731 CP 716:717 The N-free method was used to determine basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 28464110 8 7 theme nonstarch 1023:1031 arg1 polysaccharides 1033:1047 total nonstarch polysaccharides 1017:1047 total nonstarch polysaccharides 1017:1047 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 3 8 from ileum 556:560 arg1 T-cannulas 531:540 simple T-cannulas 524:540 simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum 524:560 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 3 9 theme square 593:598 arg1 design 600:605 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 578:605 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 578:605 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 13 10 theme triticale 1934:1942 arg1 genotypes 1921:1929 the 8 genotypes 1915:1929 the 8 genotypes of triticale 1915:1942 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 9 11 theme CP 1181:1182 arg1 SID 1174:1176 SID 1174:1176 SID of CP 1174:1182 Among the 8 genotypes, SID of CP ranged from 81% in Grenado to 85% in Massimo and Tarzan. 28464110 4 12 theme endogenous 705:714 arg1 CP 716:717 basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 693:731 CP 716:717 The N-free method was used to determine basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 28464110 12 13 theme as-fed 1665:1670 arg1 basis 1672:1676 as-fed basis 1665:1676 as-fed basis 1665:1676 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 10 14 theme triticale 1283:1291 arg1 genotypes 1293:1301 triticale genotypes 1283:1301 triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05) 1283:1347 The SID of CP and AA did not differ among triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05). 28464110 17 15 theme consistent 2558:2567 arg1 decrease 2569:2576 a consistent decrease 2556:2576 a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables 2556:2622 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 17 16 theme SID 2392:2394 arg1 values 2396:2401 the present SID values 2380:2401 the present SID values 2380:2401 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 12 17 theme triticale 1532:1540 arg1 genotypes 1542:1550 the 8 triticale genotypes 1526:1550 the 8 triticale genotypes 1526:1550 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 15 18 theme triticale 2089:2097 arg1 batches 2099:2105 triticale batches 2089:2105 triticale batches 2089:2105 These variables may help to predict cSID in triticale batches, whereas other nutrients are not suitable due to their low variation among the 8 genotypes. 28464110 0 19 theme triticale 113:121 arg1 genotypes 100:108 eight genotypes 94:108 eight genotypes of triticale 94:121 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 20 theme chemical 185:192 arg1 composition 194:204 the chemical composition 181:204 the chemical composition 181:204 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 13 21 dep increased 1892:1900 arg1 < 1904:1904 < 0.05 1904:1909 < 0.05 1904:1909 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 10 22 theme Arg 1321:1323 arg1 SID 1314:1316 SID 1314:1316 SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05) 1314:1347 The SID of CP and AA did not differ among triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05). 28464110 15 23 theme other 2116:2120 arg1 nutrients 2122:2130 other nutrients 2116:2130 other nutrients 2116:2130 These variables may help to predict cSID in triticale batches, whereas other nutrients are not suitable due to their low variation among the 8 genotypes. 28464110 14 24 theme AA 2031:2032 arg1 cSID 2011:2014 cSID 2011:2014 cSID 2011:2014 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 14 24 theme AA 2031:2032 arg1 weight 2000:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 0 25 from digestibility 62:74 arg1 genotypes 100:108 eight genotypes 94:108 eight genotypes of triticale 94:121 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 12 26 theme CP 1619:1620 arg1 content 1622:1628 total CP content 1613:1628 total CP content 1613:1628 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 16 27 theme physical 2256:2263 arg1 characteristics 2265:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 11 28 theme feed 1507:1510 arg1 tables 1512:1517 current feed tables 1499:1517 current feed tables 1499:1517 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 3 29 dep periods 614:620 arg1 each 629:632 each 629:632 each 629:632 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 11 30 theme Trp 1384:1386 arg1 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 11 30 theme Trp 1384:1386 arg1 SID 1359:1361 The mean SID 1350:1361 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp 1350:1386 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 0 31 theme amino 79:83 arg1 acids 85:89 amino acids 79:89 amino acids 79:89 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 32 theme genotypes 314:322 arg1 digestibility 256:268 standardized ileal digestibility 237:268 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 237:274 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 32 theme genotypes 314:322 arg1 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 32 theme genotypes 314:322 arg1 composition 194:204 the chemical composition 181:204 the chemical composition 181:204 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 32 theme genotypes 314:322 arg1 characteristics 216:230 physical characteristics 207:230 physical characteristics 207:230 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 5 33 theme assay 740:744 arg1 diets 746:750 The 8 assay diets 734:750 The 8 assay diets 734:750 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 14 34 theme seed 1995:1998 arg1 weight 2000:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 0 35 from Variations 0:9 arg1 digestibility 62:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 0 35 from Variations 0:9 arg1 composition 27:37 chemical composition 18:37 chemical composition 18:37 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 7 36 dep 118.1 975:979 arg1 to 972:973 to 972:973 to 972:973 Among the 8 genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 104.7 to 118.1 g/kg (as-fed basis). 28464110 1 37 theme triticale 327:335 arg1 genotypes 314:322 8 currently available genotypes 292:322 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs 292:355 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 5 38 theme sole 796:799 arg1 genotypes 779:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 5 38 theme sole 796:799 arg1 source 801:806 the sole source 792:806 the sole source of CP and AA 792:819 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 12 39 theme greatest 1734:1741 arg1 values 1754:1759 the greatest ( < 0.001) values 1730:1759 the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo 1730:1787 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 17 40 theme feed 2612:2615 arg1 tables 2617:2622 feed tables 2612:2622 feed tables 2612:2622 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 7 41 theme as-fed 987:992 arg1 basis 994:998 as-fed basis 987:998 as-fed basis 987:998 Among the 8 genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 104.7 to 118.1 g/kg (as-fed basis). 28464110 0 42 from composition 27:37 arg1 genotypes 100:108 eight genotypes 94:108 eight genotypes of triticale 94:121 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 7 43 dep ranged 954:959 arg1 basis 994:998 as-fed basis 987:998 as-fed basis 987:998 Among the 8 genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 104.7 to 118.1 g/kg (as-fed basis). 28464110 16 44 theme genotypes 2318:2326 arg1 composition 2243:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 44 theme genotypes 2318:2326 arg1 characteristics 2265:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 44 theme genotypes 2318:2326 arg1 SID 2286:2288 SID 2286:2288 SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions 2286:2357 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 5 45 theme triticale 769:777 arg1 genotypes 779:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 5 45 theme triticale 769:777 arg1 source 801:806 the sole source 792:806 the sole source of CP and AA 792:819 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 6 46 theme identical 863:871 arg1 conditions 887:896 identical environmental conditions 863:896 identical environmental conditions 863:896 The triticale genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 28464110 12 47 theme lowest 1689:1694 arg1 values 1707:1712 the lowest ( < 0.001) values 1685:1712 the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado 1685:1724 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 10 48 theme Gly 1335:1337 arg1 SID 1314:1316 SID 1314:1316 SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05) 1314:1347 The SID of CP and AA did not differ among triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05). 28464110 3 49 with barrows 467:473 arg1 BW 491:492 an initial BW 480:492 an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg 480:505 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 12 50 theme standardized 1553:1564 arg1 content 1583:1589 standardized ileal digestible content 1553:1589 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1553:1602 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 12 50 theme standardized 1553:1564 arg1 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 0 51 theme standardized 43:54 arg1 digestibility 62:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 16 52 theme AA 2300:2301 arg1 composition 2243:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 52 theme AA 2300:2301 arg1 characteristics 2265:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 52 theme AA 2300:2301 arg1 SID 2286:2288 SID 2286:2288 SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions 2286:2357 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 0 53 dep composition 27:37 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 11 54 theme CP 1366:1367 arg1 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 11 54 theme CP 1366:1367 arg1 SID 1359:1361 The mean SID 1350:1361 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp 1350:1386 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 11 55 theme percantage 1407:1416 arg1 units 1418:1422 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units 1392:1422 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units 1392:1422 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 1 56 theme physical 207:214 arg1 characteristics 216:230 physical characteristics 207:230 physical characteristics 207:230 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 11 57 from values 1489:1494 arg1 tables 1512:1517 current feed tables 1499:1517 current feed tables 1499:1517 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 10 58 theme CP 1252:1253 arg1 SID 1245:1247 The SID 1241:1247 The SID of CP and AA 1241:1260 The SID of CP and AA did not differ among triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05). 28464110 4 59 theme N-free 657:662 arg1 method 664:669 The N-free method 653:669 The N-free method 653:669 The N-free method was used to determine basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 28464110 11 60 theme Trp 1440:1442 arg1 SID 1433:1435 SID 1433:1435 SID of Trp 1433:1442 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 12 61 theme digestible 1572:1581 arg1 content 1583:1589 standardized ileal digestible content 1553:1589 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1553:1602 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 12 61 theme digestible 1572:1581 arg1 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 12 62 dep 98.7 1654:1657 arg1 to 1651:1652 to 1651:1652 to 1651:1652 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 3 63 theme Latin 587:591 arg1 design 600:605 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 578:605 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 578:605 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 17 64 theme experimental 2521:2532 arg1 conditions 2534:2543 experimental conditions 2521:2543 experimental conditions 2521:2543 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 1 65 theme standardized 237:248 arg1 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 65 theme standardized 237:248 arg1 digestibility 256:268 standardized ileal digestibility 237:268 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 237:274 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 3 66 theme × 583:583 arg1 design 600:605 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 578:605 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 578:605 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 15 67 theme low 2162:2164 arg1 variation 2166:2174 their low variation 2156:2174 their low variation among the 8 genotypes 2156:2196 These variables may help to predict cSID in triticale batches, whereas other nutrients are not suitable due to their low variation among the 8 genotypes. 28464110 4 68 theme AA 723:724 arg1 losses 726:731 basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 693:731 losses 726:731 The N-free method was used to determine basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 28464110 10 69 theme AA 1259:1260 arg1 SID 1245:1247 The SID 1241:1247 The SID of CP and AA 1241:1260 The SID of CP and AA did not differ among triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05). 28464110 13 70 theme most 1801:1804 arg1 AA 1806:1807 most AA 1801:1807 most AA 1801:1807 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 7 71 theme CP 951:952 arg1 contents 939:946 contents 939:946 contents of CP 939:952 Among the 8 genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 104.7 to 118.1 g/kg (as-fed basis). 28464110 9 72 from % 1216:1216 arg1 Tarzan 1233:1238 Tarzan 1233:1238 Tarzan 1233:1238 Among the 8 genotypes, SID of CP ranged from 81% in Grenado to 85% in Massimo and Tarzan. 28464110 9 72 from % 1216:1216 arg1 Massimo 1221:1227 Massimo 1221:1227 Massimo 1221:1227 Among the 8 genotypes, SID of CP ranged from 81% in Grenado to 85% in Massimo and Tarzan. 28464110 8 73 theme total 1017:1021 arg1 polysaccharides 1033:1047 total nonstarch polysaccharides 1017:1047 total nonstarch polysaccharides 1017:1047 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 17 74 theme future 2439:2444 arg1 research 2446:2453 future research 2439:2453 future research 2439:2453 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 16 75 theme triticale 2308:2316 arg1 genotypes 2318:2326 8 triticale genotypes 2306:2326 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions 2306:2357 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 17 76 theme present 2384:2390 arg1 values 2396:2401 the present SID values 2380:2401 the present SID values 2380:2401 However, as most of the present SID values are less than those in feed tables, future research is warranted to elaborate whether these differences are caused by experimental conditions or reflect a consistent decrease that needs to be accounted for in feed tables. 28464110 8 77 dep 149.0 1125:1129 arg1 to 1122:1123 to 1122:1123 to 1122:1123 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 4 78 theme ileal 699:703 arg1 CP 716:717 basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 693:731 CP 716:717 The N-free method was used to determine basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 28464110 16 79 theme present 2203:2209 arg1 study 2211:2215 The present study 2199:2215 The present study 2199:2215 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 8 80 theme polysaccharides 1033:1047 arg1 content 1006:1012 The content 1002:1012 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF 1002:1055 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 3 81 theme d 627:627 arg1 periods 614:620 8 periods 612:620 8 periods of 7 d each 612:632 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 3 81 theme d 627:627 arg1 diets 646:650 8 assay diets 638:650 8 assay diets 638:650 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 16 82 theme chemical 2234:2241 arg1 composition 2243:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 3 83 theme initial 483:489 arg1 BW 491:492 an initial BW 480:492 an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg 480:505 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 8 84 theme NDF 1053:1055 arg1 content 1006:1012 The content 1002:1012 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF 1002:1055 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 0 85 theme growing 130:136 arg1 pigs 138:141 growing pigs 130:141 growing pigs 130:141 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 3 86 theme kg 504:505 arg1 BW 491:492 an initial BW 480:492 an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg 480:505 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 12 87 dep lowest 1689:1694 arg1 < 1698:1698 < 0.001 1698:1704 < 0.001 1698:1704 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 3 88 theme assay 640:644 arg1 diets 646:650 8 assay diets 638:650 8 assay diets 638:650 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 11 89 theme current 1499:1505 arg1 tables 1512:1517 current feed tables 1499:1517 current feed tables 1499:1517 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 14 90 theme most 2026:2029 arg1 AA 2031:2032 most AA 2026:2032 most AA ( < 0.01) 2026:2042 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 14 90 theme most 2026:2029 arg1 < 2036:2036 < 0.01 2036:2041 < 0.01 2036:2041 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 5 91 contain contained 752:760 arg2 source 801:806 the sole source 792:806 the sole source of CP and AA 792:819 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 5 91 contain contained 752:760 arg1 diets 746:750 The 8 assay diets 734:750 The 8 assay diets 734:750 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 5 91 contain contained 752:760 arg2 genotypes 779:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 12 92 theme total 1613:1617 arg1 content 1622:1628 total CP content 1613:1628 total CP content 1613:1628 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 3 93 theme simple 524:529 arg1 T-cannulas 531:540 simple T-cannulas 524:540 simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum 524:560 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 14 94 theme CP 2019:2020 arg1 cSID 2011:2014 cSID 2011:2014 cSID 2011:2014 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 14 94 theme CP 2019:2020 arg1 weight 2000:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 15 95 from cSID 2081:2084 arg1 batches 2099:2105 triticale batches 2089:2105 triticale batches 2089:2105 These variables may help to predict cSID in triticale batches, whereas other nutrients are not suitable due to their low variation among the 8 genotypes. 28464110 11 96 theme Met 1375:1377 arg1 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 11 96 theme Met 1375:1377 arg1 SID 1359:1361 The mean SID 1350:1361 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp 1350:1386 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 12 97 dep greatest 1734:1741 arg1 < 1745:1745 < 0.001 1745:1751 < 0.001 1745:1751 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 6 98 theme triticale 826:834 arg1 genotypes 836:844 The triticale genotypes 822:844 The triticale genotypes 822:844 The triticale genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 28464110 11 99 theme Lys 1370:1372 arg1 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 11 99 theme Lys 1370:1372 arg1 SID 1359:1361 The mean SID 1350:1361 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp 1350:1386 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 0 100 theme acids 85:89 arg1 digestibility 62:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 0 100 theme acids 85:89 arg1 composition 27:37 chemical composition 18:37 chemical composition 18:37 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 101 theme available 304:312 arg1 genotypes 314:322 8 currently available genotypes 292:322 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs 292:355 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 16 102 theme similar 2340:2346 arg1 conditions 2348:2357 similar conditions 2340:2357 similar conditions 2340:2357 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 12 103 theme CP 1601:1602 arg1 content 1583:1589 standardized ileal digestible content 1553:1589 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1553:1602 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 12 103 theme CP 1601:1602 arg1 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 cSID 1592:1595 Among the 8 triticale genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 84.8 to 98.7 g/kg (as-fed basis), with the lowest ( < 0.001) values for Grenado and the greatest ( < 0.001) values for SW Talentro and Cultivo. 28464110 14 104 theme thousand 1986:1993 arg1 weight 2000:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 thousand seed weight 1986:2005 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 13 105 theme insoluble 1872:1880 arg1 β-glucans 1882:1890 total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1852:1890 total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1852:1890 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 13 106 theme β-glucans 1882:1890 arg1 content 1841:1847 the content 1837:1847 the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1837:1890 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 6 107 theme same 905:908 arg1 site 910:913 the same site 901:913 the same site 901:913 The triticale genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 28464110 10 108 theme Glu 1326:1328 arg1 SID 1314:1316 SID 1314:1316 SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05) 1314:1347 The SID of CP and AA did not differ among triticale genotypes except for SID of Arg, Glu, and Gly ( < 0.05). 28464110 1 109 theme growing 344:350 arg1 pigs 352:355 growing pigs 344:355 growing pigs 344:355 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 13 110 theme total 1852:1856 arg1 β-glucans 1882:1890 total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1852:1890 total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1852:1890 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 11 111 theme percantage 1450:1459 arg1 units 1461:1465 5 percantage units 1448:1465 5 percantage units 1448:1465 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 0 112 theme chemical 18:25 arg1 composition 27:37 chemical composition 18:37 chemical composition 18:37 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 13 113 theme soluble 1859:1865 arg1 β-glucans 1882:1890 total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1852:1890 total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans 1852:1890 For CP and most AA, cSID linearly decreased as the content of total, soluble, and insoluble β-glucans increased ( < 0.05) in the 8 genotypes of triticale. 28464110 6 114 theme environmental 873:885 arg1 conditions 887:896 identical environmental conditions 863:896 identical environmental conditions 863:896 The triticale genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 28464110 3 115 theme distal 549:554 arg1 ileum 556:560 the distal ileum 545:560 the distal ileum 545:560 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 31 ± 2 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 7 d each and 8 assay diets. 28464110 1 116 theme CP 279:280 arg1 digestibility 256:268 standardized ileal digestibility 237:268 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 237:274 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 116 theme CP 279:280 arg1 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 116 theme CP 279:280 arg1 composition 194:204 the chemical composition 181:204 the chemical composition 181:204 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 116 theme CP 279:280 arg1 characteristics 216:230 physical characteristics 207:230 physical characteristics 207:230 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 14 117 theme positive 1957:1964 arg1 correlation 1966:1976 a positive correlation 1955:1976 a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01) 1955:2042 There was a positive correlation between thousand seed weight and cSID of CP and most AA ( < 0.01). 28464110 8 118 dep 99.5 1098:1101 arg1 to 1095:1096 to 1095:1096 to 1095:1096 The content of total nonstarch polysaccharides and NDF ranged, on an as-fed basis, from 84.6 to 99.5 g/kg and from 88.4 to 149.0 g/kg, respectively. 28464110 0 119 theme ileal 56:60 arg1 digestibility 62:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 standardized ileal digestibility 43:74 Variations in the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 120 theme AA 286:287 arg1 digestibility 256:268 standardized ileal digestibility 237:268 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 237:274 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 120 theme AA 286:287 arg1 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 SID 271:273 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 120 theme AA 286:287 arg1 composition 194:204 the chemical composition 181:204 the chemical composition 181:204 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 1 120 theme AA 286:287 arg1 characteristics 216:230 physical characteristics 207:230 physical characteristics 207:230 The study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 currently available genotypes of triticale fed to growing pigs. 28464110 5 121 theme CP 811:812 arg1 genotypes 779:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 5 121 theme CP 811:812 arg1 source 801:806 the sole source 792:806 the sole source of CP and AA 792:819 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 9 122 from % 1198:1198 arg1 Grenado 1203:1209 Grenado 1203:1209 Grenado 1203:1209 Among the 8 genotypes, SID of CP ranged from 81% in Grenado to 85% in Massimo and Tarzan. 28464110 11 123 theme mean 1354:1357 arg1 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 less 1424:1427 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 11 123 theme mean 1354:1357 arg1 SID 1359:1361 The mean SID 1350:1361 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp 1350:1386 The mean SID of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp was 4, 4, 4, and 1 percantage units less and SID of Trp was 5 percantage units greater compared with values in current feed tables. 28464110 5 124 theme AA 818:819 arg1 genotypes 779:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 1 of 8 triticale genotypes 762:787 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 5 124 theme AA 818:819 arg1 source 801:806 the sole source 792:806 the sole source of CP and AA 792:819 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 triticale genotypes as the sole source of CP and AA. 28464110 16 125 from data 2226:2229 arg1 composition 2243:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 chemical composition 2234:2253 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 125 from data 2226:2229 arg1 characteristics 2265:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 physical characteristics 2256:2279 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 28464110 16 125 from data 2226:2229 arg1 SID 2286:2288 SID 2286:2288 SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions 2286:2357 The present study provides data on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 triticale genotypes grown under similar conditions. 25880740 13 0 dep polysaccharides 1632:1646 arg1 mannans 1658:1664 mannans 1658:1664 mannans 1658:1664 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 13 0 dep polysaccharides 1632:1646 arg1 chitin 1671:1676 chitin 1671:1676 chitin 1671:1676 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 13 0 dep polysaccharides 1632:1646 arg1 glucans 1649:1655 glucans 1649:1655 glucans 1649:1655 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 6 1 with patients 539:546 arg1 keratitis 564:572 infectious keratitis 553:572 infectious keratitis 553:572 Both isolates were from patients with infectious keratitis. 25880740 11 2 dep A. 1227:1228 arg1 fumigatus 1230:1238 fumigatus 1230:1238 fumigatus 1230:1238 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 7 3 theme fluorescence 745:756 arg1 CLSM 770:773 CLSM 770:773 CLSM 770:773 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 3 theme fluorescence 745:756 arg1 microscopy 758:767 fluorescence microscopy 745:767 fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) 745:774 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 6 4 theme infectious 553:562 arg1 keratitis 564:572 infectious keratitis 553:572 infectious keratitis 553:572 Both isolates were from patients with infectious keratitis. 25880740 0 5 from interaction 11:21 arg1 fumigatus 64:72 Aspergillus fumigatus 52:72 Aspergillus fumigatus 52:72 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus assessed in vitro by mixed biofilm formation. 25880740 10 6 theme biofilm 1048:1054 arg1 development 1033:1043 the development 1029:1043 the development of biofilm formed by A. fumigatus 1029:1077 S. aureus sharply inhibited the development of biofilm formed by A. fumigatus, regardless of the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum. 25880740 1 7 theme several 179:185 arg1 niches 198:203 several ecological niches 179:203 several ecological niches 179:203 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species interact in several ecological niches, even causing infection. 25880740 0 8 theme biofilm 101:107 arg1 formation 109:117 mixed biofilm formation 95:117 mixed biofilm formation 95:117 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus assessed in vitro by mixed biofilm formation. 25880740 7 9 dep A. 821:822 arg1 fumigatus 824:832 fumigatus 824:832 fumigatus 824:832 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 11 10 theme fungal 1262:1267 arg1 structures 1269:1278 disorganized fungal structures 1249:1278 disorganized fungal structures 1249:1278 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 7 11 theme microscopic 622:632 arg1 microscopy 713:722 transmission electron microscopy 691:722 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 691:728 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 11 theme microscopic 622:632 arg1 confocal 731:738 confocal 731:738 confocal 731:738 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 11 theme microscopic 622:632 arg1 microscopy 673:682 scanning electron microscopy 655:682 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 655:688 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 11 theme microscopic 622:632 arg1 microscopy 758:767 fluorescence microscopy 745:767 fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) 745:774 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 11 theme microscopic 622:632 arg1 techniques 634:643 microscopic techniques 622:643 microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) 622:774 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 8 12 theme fumigatus-A 952:962 arg1 characteristics 912:926 the structural characteristics 897:926 the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 897:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 0 13 theme mixed 95:99 arg1 formation 109:117 mixed biofilm formation 95:117 mixed biofilm formation 95:117 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus assessed in vitro by mixed biofilm formation. 25880740 7 14 theme electron 664:671 arg1 SEM 685:687 SEM 685:687 SEM 685:687 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 14 theme electron 664:671 arg1 microscopy 673:682 scanning electron microscopy 655:682 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 655:688 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 11 15 theme structures 1269:1278 arg1 production 1213:1222 scarce production 1206:1222 scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth 1206:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 11 16 dep presented 1397:1405 arg1 lyses 1407:1411 lyses 1407:1411 lyses 1407:1411 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 16 17 theme antibiosis 2011:2020 arg1 relationship 2022:2033 the antibiosis relationship 2007:2033 the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus 2007:2067 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 4 18 theme A. 482:483 arg1 fumigatus-S 485:495 mixed A. fumigatus-S 476:495 mixed A. fumigatus-S 476:495 We analyzed in vitro single A. fumigatus and S. aureus, and mixed A. fumigatus-S. 25880740 16 19 theme biofilm 2085:2091 arg1 formation 2093:2101 in vitro biofilm formation 2076:2101 in vitro biofilm formation 2076:2101 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 2 20 theme multispecies 284:295 arg1 biofilm 263:269 a biofilm 261:269 a biofilm of single or multispecies 261:295 During the infectious process, a biofilm of single or multispecies can develop. 25880740 1 21 theme ecological 187:196 arg1 niches 198:203 several ecological niches 179:203 several ecological niches 179:203 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species interact in several ecological niches, even causing infection. 25880740 12 22 theme contact 1516:1522 arg1 interactions 1524:1535 cell-cell contact interactions 1506:1535 cell-cell contact interactions 1506:1535 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 11 23 theme limited 1302:1308 arg1 growth 1317:1322 limited hyphal growth 1302:1322 limited hyphal growth 1302:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 12 24 theme cell-cell 1506:1514 arg1 interactions 1524:1535 cell-cell contact interactions 1506:1535 cell-cell contact interactions 1506:1535 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 11 25 theme bacterium 1170:1178 arg1 effect 1160:1165 Antibiosis effect 1149:1165 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus 1149:1188 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 8 26 theme first 881:885 arg1 this 869:872 this 869:872 this 869:872 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 8 26 theme first 881:885 arg1 time 887:890 the first time 877:890 the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 877:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 16 27 theme in 2076:2077 arg1 formation 2093:2101 in vitro biofilm formation 2076:2101 in vitro biofilm formation 2076:2101 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 7 28 theme scanning 655:662 arg1 SEM 685:687 SEM 685:687 SEM 685:687 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 28 theme scanning 655:662 arg1 microscopy 673:682 scanning electron microscopy 655:682 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 655:688 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 11 29 theme hyphae 1290:1295 arg1 production 1213:1222 scarce production 1206:1222 scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth 1206:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 10 30 theme bacterial 1129:1137 arg1 inoculum 1139:1146 bacterial inoculum 1129:1146 bacterial inoculum 1129:1146 S. aureus sharply inhibited the development of biofilm formed by A. fumigatus, regardless of the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum. 25880740 7 31 theme biofilms 592:599 arg1 Structure 575:583 Structure 575:583 Structure of the biofilms 575:599 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 11 32 from effect 1160:1165 arg1 fungus 1183:1188 fungus 1183:1188 fungus 1183:1188 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 0 33 theme Antibiosis 0:9 arg1 interaction 11:21 Antibiosis interaction 0:21 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus 0:72 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus assessed in vitro by mixed biofilm formation. 25880740 7 34 theme single 814:819 arg1 biofilm 834:840 the single A. fumigatus biofilm 810:840 the single A. fumigatus biofilm 810:840 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 15 35 theme cell-to-cell 1945:1956 arg1 bridges 1958:1964 bridges 1958:1964 bridges 1958:1964 S. aureus showed microcolonies and cell-to-cell bridges and ECM. 25880740 11 36 theme abortive 1281:1288 arg1 hyphae 1290:1295 abortive hyphae 1281:1295 abortive hyphae 1281:1295 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 3 37 theme infectious 394:403 arg1 keratitis 405:413 infectious keratitis 394:413 infectious keratitis 394:413 Aspergillus fumigatus and Staphyloccocus aureus are etiologic agents that can cause infectious keratitis. 25880740 7 38 theme A. 821:822 arg1 biofilm 834:840 the single A. fumigatus biofilm 810:840 the single A. fumigatus biofilm 810:840 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 13 39 theme polysaccharides 1632:1646 arg1 co-localization 1613:1627 the co-localization 1609:1627 the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin) 1609:1677 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 13 39 theme polysaccharides 1632:1646 arg1 DNA 1684:1686 DNA 1684:1686 DNA 1684:1686 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 14 40 theme hyphal 1827:1832 arg1 growth 1834:1839 abundant hyphal growth 1818:1839 abundant hyphal growth 1818:1839 In contrast, single biofilms showed extremely organized structures: A. fumigatus showed abundant hyphal growth, hyphal anastomosis, and channels, as well as some conidia, and ECM. 25880740 13 41 attach present 1588:1594 arg2 we 1585:1586 we 1585:1586 we 1585:1586 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 13 41 attach present 1588:1594 arg1 addition 1575:1582 addition 1575:1582 addition 1575:1582 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 11 42 theme growth 1317:1322 arg1 production 1213:1222 scarce production 1206:1222 scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth 1206:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 10 43 theme formation 1115:1123 arg1 stage 1098:1102 the stage 1094:1102 the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum 1094:1146 S. aureus sharply inhibited the development of biofilm formed by A. fumigatus, regardless of the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum. 25880740 11 44 theme A. 1227:1228 arg1 biofilm 1240:1246 A. fumigatus biofilm 1227:1246 A. fumigatus biofilm 1227:1246 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 11 45 from modifications 1362:1374 arg1 surface 1385:1391 their surface 1379:1391 their surface 1379:1391 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 11 45 from modifications 1362:1374 arg1 presented 1397:1405 presented 1397:1405 presented 1397:1405 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 8 46 theme structural 901:910 arg1 characteristics 912:926 the structural characteristics 897:926 the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 897:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 14 47 theme hyphal 1842:1847 arg1 anastomosis 1849:1859 hyphal anastomosis 1842:1859 hyphal anastomosis 1842:1859 In contrast, single biofilms showed extremely organized structures: A. fumigatus showed abundant hyphal growth, hyphal anastomosis, and channels, as well as some conidia, and ECM. 25880740 10 48 theme biofilm 1107:1113 arg1 formation 1115:1123 biofilm formation 1107:1123 biofilm formation 1107:1123 S. aureus sharply inhibited the development of biofilm formed by A. fumigatus, regardless of the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum. 25880740 11 49 theme scarce 1206:1211 arg1 production 1213:1222 scarce production 1206:1222 scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth 1206:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 8 50 dep RESULTS 843:849 arg1 this 869:872 this 869:872 this 869:872 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 8 50 dep RESULTS 843:849 arg1 time 887:890 the first time 877:890 the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 877:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 5 51 theme aureus 498:503 arg1 biofilms 505:512 aureus biofilms 498:512 aureus biofilms 498:512 aureus biofilms. 25880740 0 52 theme aureus 42:47 arg1 interaction 11:21 Antibiosis interaction 0:21 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus 0:72 Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on Aspergillus fumigatus assessed in vitro by mixed biofilm formation. 25880740 4 53 theme mixed 476:480 arg1 fumigatus-S 485:495 mixed A. fumigatus-S 476:495 mixed A. fumigatus-S 476:495 We analyzed in vitro single A. fumigatus and S. aureus, and mixed A. fumigatus-S. 25880740 11 54 theme hyphal 1310:1315 arg1 growth 1317:1322 limited hyphal growth 1302:1322 limited hyphal growth 1302:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 16 55 dep in 2076:2077 arg1 vitro 2079:2083 vitro 2079:2083 vitro 2079:2083 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 12 56 theme products 1562:1569 arg1 release 1541:1547 release 1541:1547 release of bacterial products 1541:1569 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 12 56 theme products 1562:1569 arg1 interactions 1524:1535 cell-cell contact interactions 1506:1535 cell-cell contact interactions 1506:1535 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 16 57 dep CONCLUSIONS 1975:1985 arg1 described 1997:2005 described 1997:2005 described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation 1997:2101 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 16 57 dep CONCLUSIONS 1975:1985 arg1 report 2108:2113 report 2108:2113 report the composition of the ECM formed 2108:2147 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 2 58 theme infectious 241:250 arg1 process 252:258 the infectious process 237:258 the infectious process 237:258 During the infectious process, a biofilm of single or multispecies can develop. 25880740 1 59 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 Microorganisms 131:144 BACKGROUND Microorganisms 120:144 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species 120:165 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species interact in several ecological niches, even causing infection. 25880740 13 60 theme extracellular 1702:1714 arg1 ECM 1724:1726 ECM 1724:1726 ECM 1724:1726 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 13 60 theme extracellular 1702:1714 arg1 matrix 1716:1721 the extracellular matrix 1698:1721 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1698:1727 In addition, we present images about the co-localization of polysaccharides (glucans, mannans, and chitin), and DNA that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). 25880740 7 61 theme mixed 779:783 arg1 biofilm 785:791 mixed biofilm 779:791 mixed biofilm 779:791 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 11 62 theme disorganized 1249:1260 arg1 structures 1269:1278 disorganized fungal structures 1249:1278 disorganized fungal structures 1249:1278 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 12 63 theme bacterial 1450:1458 arg1 concentration 1460:1472 bacterial concentration 1450:1472 bacterial concentration 1450:1472 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 8 64 theme mixed 935:939 arg1 fumigatus-A 952:962 the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 931:962 the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 931:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 14 65 theme abundant 1818:1825 arg1 growth 1834:1839 abundant hyphal growth 1818:1839 abundant hyphal growth 1818:1839 In contrast, single biofilms showed extremely organized structures: A. fumigatus showed abundant hyphal growth, hyphal anastomosis, and channels, as well as some conidia, and ECM. 25880740 16 66 theme aureus 2041:2046 arg1 relationship 2022:2033 the antibiosis relationship 2007:2033 the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus 2007:2067 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 25880740 10 67 theme inoculum 1139:1146 arg1 stage 1098:1102 the stage 1094:1102 the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum 1094:1146 S. aureus sharply inhibited the development of biofilm formed by A. fumigatus, regardless of the stage of biofilm formation and bacterial inoculum. 25880740 12 68 theme Antagonist 1414:1423 arg1 effect 1425:1430 Antagonist effect 1414:1430 Antagonist effect 1414:1430 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 11 69 theme Antibiosis 1149:1158 arg1 effect 1160:1165 Antibiosis effect 1149:1165 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus 1149:1188 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 2 70 theme single 274:279 arg1 biofilm 263:269 a biofilm 261:269 a biofilm of single or multispecies 261:295 During the infectious process, a biofilm of single or multispecies can develop. 25880740 14 71 dep A. 1798:1799 arg1 fumigatus 1801:1809 A. fumigatus 1798:1809 A. fumigatus 1798:1809 In contrast, single biofilms showed extremely organized structures: A. fumigatus showed abundant hyphal growth, hyphal anastomosis, and channels, as well as some conidia, and ECM. 25880740 14 72 theme single 1743:1748 arg1 biofilms 1750:1757 single biofilms 1743:1757 single biofilms 1743:1757 In contrast, single biofilms showed extremely organized structures: A. fumigatus showed abundant hyphal growth, hyphal anastomosis, and channels, as well as some conidia, and ECM. 25880740 11 73 theme biofilm 1240:1246 arg1 production 1213:1222 scarce production 1206:1222 scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth 1206:1322 Antibiosis effect of bacterium on fungus was as follows: scarce production of A. fumigatus biofilm; disorganized fungal structures; abortive hyphae; and limited hyphal growth; while conidia also were scarce, have modifications in their surface and presented lyses. 25880740 7 74 theme transmission 691:702 arg1 microscopy 713:722 transmission electron microscopy 691:722 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 691:728 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 74 theme transmission 691:702 arg1 TEM 725:727 TEM 725:727 TEM 725:727 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 8 75 theme A. 949:950 arg1 fumigatus-A 952:962 the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 931:962 the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 931:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 1 76 theme different 149:157 arg1 species 159:165 different species 149:165 different species 149:165 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species interact in several ecological niches, even causing infection. 25880740 7 77 theme electron 704:711 arg1 microscopy 713:722 transmission electron microscopy 691:722 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 691:728 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 7 77 theme electron 704:711 arg1 TEM 725:727 TEM 725:727 TEM 725:727 Structure of the biofilms was analyzed through microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal, and fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) in mixed biofilm as compared with the single A. fumigatus biofilm. 25880740 14 78 theme organized 1776:1784 arg1 structures 1786:1795 extremely organized structures 1766:1795 extremely organized structures 1766:1795 In contrast, single biofilms showed extremely organized structures: A. fumigatus showed abundant hyphal growth, hyphal anastomosis, and channels, as well as some conidia, and ECM. 25880740 8 79 theme biofilm 941:947 arg1 fumigatus-A 952:962 the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 931:962 the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A 931:962 RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first time that the structural characteristics of the mixed biofilm A. fumigatus-A. 25880740 1 80 theme species 159:165 arg1 Microorganisms 131:144 BACKGROUND Microorganisms 120:144 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species 120:165 BACKGROUND Microorganisms of different species interact in several ecological niches, even causing infection. 25880740 12 81 theme bacterial 1552:1560 arg1 products 1562:1569 bacterial products 1552:1569 bacterial products 1552:1569 Antagonist effect did not depend on bacterial concentration, which could probably be due to cell-cell contact interactions and release of bacterial products. 25880740 3 82 theme etiologic 362:370 arg1 fumigatus 322:330 Aspergillus fumigatus 310:330 Aspergillus fumigatus 310:330 Aspergillus fumigatus and Staphyloccocus aureus are etiologic agents that can cause infectious keratitis. 25880740 3 82 theme etiologic 362:370 arg1 aureus 351:356 Staphyloccocus aureus 336:356 Staphyloccocus aureus 336:356 Aspergillus fumigatus and Staphyloccocus aureus are etiologic agents that can cause infectious keratitis. 25880740 3 82 theme etiologic 362:370 arg1 agents 372:377 etiologic agents 362:377 etiologic agents that can cause infectious keratitis 362:413 Aspergillus fumigatus and Staphyloccocus aureus are etiologic agents that can cause infectious keratitis. 25880740 16 83 theme ECM 2138:2140 arg1 composition 2119:2129 the composition 2115:2129 the composition of the ECM formed 2115:2147 CONCLUSIONS Herein we described the antibiosis relationship of S. aureus against A. fumigatus during in vitro biofilm formation, and report the composition of the ECM formed. 26094192 1 0 theme subsequent 337:346 arg1 fermentation 348:359 subsequent fermentation 337:359 subsequent fermentation into ethanol 337:372 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 4 1 theme xylose 837:842 arg1 release 803:809 higher release 796:809 higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) 796:853 The C. cubensis extract promoted higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) than the commercial mixtures. 26094192 2 2 theme biomass 457:463 arg1 saccharification 465:480 the biomass saccharification 453:480 the biomass saccharification 453:480 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 0 3 from influence 4:12 arg1 saccharification 41:56 saccharification 41:56 saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 41:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 2 4 theme extract 570:576 arg1 bagasse 545:551 bagasse 545:551 bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis 545:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 2 5 theme solids 504:509 arg1 loading 511:517 8% solids loading 501:517 8% solids loading 501:517 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 2 6 theme enzymatic 560:568 arg1 extract 570:576 the enzymatic extract 556:576 the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis 556:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 4 7 theme glucose 814:820 arg1 release 803:809 higher release 796:809 higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) 796:853 The C. cubensis extract promoted higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) than the commercial mixtures. 26094192 1 8 theme initial 268:274 arg1 feedstock 276:284 initial feedstock 268:284 initial feedstock 268:284 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 0 9 theme enzyme 85:90 arg1 extract 92:98 an enzyme extract 82:98 an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 82:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 1 10 theme feedstock 276:284 arg1 composition 253:263 the composition 249:263 the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol 249:372 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 0 11 theme Chrysoporthe 105:116 arg1 cubensis 118:125 Chrysoporthe cubensis 105:125 Chrysoporthe cubensis 105:125 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 2 12 theme commercial 615:624 arg1 cocktails 626:634 three commercial cocktails 609:634 three commercial cocktails for a comparative study 609:658 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 13 theme high 929:932 arg1 activities 950:959 high specific enzyme activities 929:959 high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein) 929:1204 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 4 14 theme commercial 864:873 arg1 mixtures 875:882 the commercial mixtures 860:882 the commercial mixtures 860:882 The C. cubensis extract promoted higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) than the commercial mixtures. 26094192 2 15 from bagasse 545:551 arg1 cubensis 596:603 cubensis 596:603 cubensis 596:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 16 theme U/mg 1081:1084 arg1 β-glucosidase 1060:1072 β-glucosidase 1060:1072 β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein) 1060:1096 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 16 theme U/mg 1081:1084 arg1 protein 1089:1095 29.48 U/mg of protein 1075:1095 29.48 U/mg of protein 1075:1095 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 17 theme specific 934:941 arg1 activities 950:959 high specific enzyme activities 929:959 high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein) 929:1204 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 1 18 theme Biomass 174:180 arg1 hydrolysis 192:201 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis 174:201 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis 174:201 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 2 19 theme 1 441:441 arg1 % 442:442 % 442:442 % 442:442 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 3 20 theme xylose 691:696 arg1 release 698:704 the best glucose and xylose release 670:704 the best glucose and xylose release 670:704 Overall, the best glucose and xylose release was obtained from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse. 26094192 5 21 theme of 1123:1124 arg1 β-xylosidase 1099:1110 β-xylosidase 1099:1110 β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein) 1099:1133 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 21 theme of 1123:1124 arg1 protein 1126:1132 2.95 U/mg of protein 1113:1132 2.95 U/mg of protein 1113:1132 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 1 22 theme enzymatic 182:190 arg1 hydrolysis 192:201 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis 174:201 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis 174:201 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 5 23 theme of 1086:1087 arg1 β-glucosidase 1060:1072 β-glucosidase 1060:1072 β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein) 1060:1096 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 23 theme of 1086:1087 arg1 protein 1089:1095 29.48 U/mg of protein 1075:1095 29.48 U/mg of protein 1075:1095 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 3 24 theme alkaline 724:731 arg1 bagasse 754:760 alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse 724:760 alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse 724:760 Overall, the best glucose and xylose release was obtained from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse. 26094192 0 25 theme pretreatment 17:28 arg1 methods 30:36 pretreatment methods 17:36 pretreatment methods 17:36 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 3 26 theme pretreated 733:742 arg1 bagasse 754:760 alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse 724:760 alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse 724:760 Overall, the best glucose and xylose release was obtained from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse. 26094192 2 27 theme FPase 528:532 arg1 units/g 534:540 10 FPase units/g 525:540 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis 525:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 2 28 theme comparative 642:652 arg1 study 654:658 a comparative study 640:658 a comparative study 640:658 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 29 theme C. 899:900 arg1 extract 911:917 the C. cubensis extract 895:917 the C. cubensis extract 895:917 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 2 30 theme 1 428:428 arg1 % 429:429 % 429:429 % 429:429 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 2 31 theme % 429:429 arg1 H2SO4 431:435 1% H2SO4 428:435 1% H2SO4 428:435 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 1 32 theme enzyme 294:299 arg1 cocktail 301:308 the enzyme cocktail 290:308 the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol 290:372 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 2 33 theme 10 525:526 arg1 FPase 528:532 FPase 528:532 FPase 528:532 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 34 theme cubensis 902:909 arg1 extract 911:917 the C. cubensis extract 895:917 the C. cubensis extract 895:917 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 1 35 theme cocktail 301:308 arg1 composition 253:263 the composition 249:263 the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol 249:372 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 5 36 theme U/mg 1042:1045 arg1 endoglucanase 1020:1032 endoglucanase 1020:1032 endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein) 1020:1057 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 36 theme U/mg 1042:1045 arg1 protein 1050:1056 331.84 U/mg of protein 1035:1056 331.84 U/mg of protein 1035:1056 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 0 37 theme methods 30:36 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 0:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 2 38 from cubensis 596:603 arg1 extract 570:576 the enzymatic extract 556:576 the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis 556:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 2 38 from cubensis 596:603 arg1 bagasse 545:551 bagasse 545:551 bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis 545:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 0 39 theme commercial 131:140 arg1 cocktails 142:150 commercial cocktails 131:150 commercial cocktails 131:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 5 40 theme of 1047:1048 arg1 endoglucanase 1020:1032 endoglucanase 1020:1032 endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein) 1020:1057 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 40 theme of 1047:1048 arg1 protein 1050:1056 331.84 U/mg of protein 1035:1056 331.84 U/mg of protein 1035:1056 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 4 41 theme higher 796:801 arg1 release 803:809 higher release 796:809 higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) 796:853 The C. cubensis extract promoted higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) than the commercial mixtures. 26094192 1 42 theme pretreatment 218:229 arg1 methods 231:237 the pretreatment methods 214:237 the pretreatment methods employed 214:246 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 2 43 theme 8 501:501 arg1 % 502:502 % 502:502 % 502:502 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 44 theme U/mg 1118:1121 arg1 β-xylosidase 1099:1110 β-xylosidase 1099:1110 β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein) 1099:1133 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 44 theme U/mg 1118:1121 arg1 protein 1126:1132 2.95 U/mg of protein 1113:1132 2.95 U/mg of protein 1113:1132 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 2 45 theme % 502:502 arg1 loading 511:517 8% solids loading 501:517 8% solids loading 501:517 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 0 46 dep study 167:171 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 0:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 2 47 theme % 442:442 arg1 NaOH 444:447 1% NaOH 441:447 1% NaOH 441:447 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 3 48 theme sugarcane 744:752 arg1 bagasse 754:760 alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse 724:760 alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse 724:760 Overall, the best glucose and xylose release was obtained from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse. 26094192 2 49 theme bagasse 545:551 arg1 cocktails 626:634 three commercial cocktails 609:634 three commercial cocktails for a comparative study 609:658 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 2 49 theme bagasse 545:551 arg1 units/g 534:540 10 FPase units/g 525:540 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis 525:603 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 50 theme enzyme 943:948 arg1 activities 950:959 high specific enzyme activities 929:959 high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein) 929:1204 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 4 51 theme cubensis 770:777 arg1 extract 779:785 The C. cubensis extract 763:785 The C. cubensis extract 763:785 The C. cubensis extract promoted higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) than the commercial mixtures. 26094192 5 52 theme commercial 978:987 arg1 cocktails 989:997 commercial cocktails 978:997 commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein) 978:1204 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 53 theme U/mg 1189:1192 arg1 laccase 1175:1181 laccase 1175:1181 laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein) 1175:1204 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 53 theme U/mg 1189:1192 arg1 protein 1197:1203 2.49 U/mg of protein 1184:1203 2.49 U/mg of protein 1184:1203 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 0 54 from cocktails 142:150 arg1 extract 92:98 an enzyme extract 82:98 an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 82:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 0 55 theme comparative 155:165 arg1 study 167:171 A comparative study 153:171 A comparative study 153:171 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 4 56 theme C. 767:768 arg1 extract 779:785 The C. cubensis extract 763:785 The C. cubensis extract 763:785 The C. cubensis extract promoted higher release of glucose (5.32 g/L) and xylose (9.00 g/L) than the commercial mixtures. 26094192 5 57 theme of 1194:1195 arg1 laccase 1175:1181 laccase 1175:1181 laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein) 1175:1204 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 57 theme of 1194:1195 arg1 protein 1197:1203 2.49 U/mg of protein 1184:1203 2.49 U/mg of protein 1184:1203 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 58 theme U/mg 1154:1157 arg1 pectinase 1136:1144 pectinase 1136:1144 pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) 1136:1169 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 58 theme U/mg 1154:1157 arg1 protein 1162:1168 127.46 U/mg of protein 1147:1168 127.46 U/mg of protein 1147:1168 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 0 59 theme bagasse 71:77 arg1 saccharification 41:56 saccharification 41:56 saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 41:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 1 60 dep depends 203:209 arg1 composition 253:263 the composition 249:263 the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol 249:372 Biomass enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the pretreatment methods employed, the composition of initial feedstock and the enzyme cocktail used to release sugars for subsequent fermentation into ethanol. 26094192 2 61 theme sugarcane 390:398 arg1 bagasse 400:406 sugarcane bagasse 390:406 sugarcane bagasse 390:406 In this study, sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 1% H2SO4 and 1% NaOH and the biomass saccharification was performed with 8% solids loading using 10 FPase units/g of bagasse of the enzymatic extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial cocktails for a comparative study. 26094192 5 62 theme of 1159:1160 arg1 pectinase 1136:1144 pectinase 1136:1144 pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) 1136:1169 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 5 62 theme of 1159:1160 arg1 protein 1162:1168 127.46 U/mg of protein 1147:1168 127.46 U/mg of protein 1147:1168 Moreover, the C. cubensis extract presented high specific enzyme activities when compared to commercial cocktails mainly concerning to endoglucanase (331.84 U/mg of protein), β-glucosidase (29.48 U/mg of protein), β-xylosidase (2.95 U/mg of protein), pectinase (127.46 U/mg of protein) and laccase (2.49 U/mg of protein). 26094192 0 63 theme sugarcane 61:69 arg1 bagasse 71:77 sugarcane bagasse 61:77 sugarcane bagasse 61:77 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 26094192 3 64 theme best 674:677 arg1 release 698:704 the best glucose and xylose release 670:704 the best glucose and xylose release 670:704 Overall, the best glucose and xylose release was obtained from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse. 26094192 3 65 theme glucose 679:685 arg1 release 698:704 the best glucose and xylose release 670:704 the best glucose and xylose release 670:704 Overall, the best glucose and xylose release was obtained from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse. 26094192 0 66 from cubensis 118:125 arg1 extract 92:98 an enzyme extract 82:98 an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails 82:150 The influence of pretreatment methods on saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by an enzyme extract from Chrysoporthe cubensis and commercial cocktails: A comparative study. 29180255 2 0 from hydrogels 418:426 arg1 lenses 501:506 PVA lenses 497:506 PVA lenses 497:506 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 1 1 theme loaded 155:160 arg1 lenses 185:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses 142:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery 142:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 0 2 theme ophthalmic 80:89 arg1 applications 91:102 ophthalmic applications 80:102 ophthalmic applications 80:102 Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as a pathway for enzyme-triggered drug release in ophthalmic applications. 29180255 1 3 theme hydrogel 162:169 arg1 lenses 185:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses 142:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery 142:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 2 4 from nanoparticles 447:459 arg1 lenses 501:506 PVA lenses 497:506 PVA lenses 497:506 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 5 theme acrylic 361:367 arg1 acid 369:372 acrylic acid 361:372 acrylic acid 361:372 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 5 theme acrylic 361:367 arg1 nanoparticles 375:387 chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles 346:387 chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles 346:387 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 6 theme ophthalmic 289:298 arg1 delivery 305:312 controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 278:312 controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 278:312 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 3 7 theme physiological 559:571 arg1 concentration 580:592 a physiological 0.2 mM concentration 557:592 a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme 557:669 The nanoparticles were shown to disintegrate in a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme. 29180255 2 8 from nanocrystals 475:486 arg1 lenses 501:506 PVA lenses 497:506 PVA lenses 497:506 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 9 theme controlled 278:287 arg1 delivery 305:312 controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 278:312 controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 278:312 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 4 10 theme 28-h 699:702 arg1 period 704:709 a 28-h period 697:709 a 28-h period 697:709 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 1 11 theme based 171:175 arg1 lenses 185:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses 142:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery 142:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 0 12 theme enzyme-triggered 47:62 arg1 drug 64:67 enzyme-triggered drug 47:67 enzyme-triggered drug 47:67 Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as a pathway for enzyme-triggered drug release in ophthalmic applications. 29180255 4 13 theme composite 780:788 arg1 lenses 790:795 the composite lenses 776:795 the composite lenses 776:795 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 1 14 theme contact 177:183 arg1 lenses 185:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses 142:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery 142:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 3 15 theme 0.2 mM 573:578 arg1 concentration 580:592 a physiological 0.2 mM concentration 557:592 a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme 557:669 The nanoparticles were shown to disintegrate in a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme. 29180255 2 16 theme polyvinyl 394:402 arg1 alcohol 404:410 polyvinyl alcohol 394:410 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 394:426 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 16 theme polyvinyl 394:402 arg1 PVA 413:415 PVA 413:415 PVA 413:415 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 0 17 theme Nanoparticle-loaded 0:18 arg1 hydrogels 20:28 Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels 0:28 Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as a pathway for enzyme-triggered drug 0:67 Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as a pathway for enzyme-triggered drug release in ophthalmic applications. 29180255 4 18 theme extended 866:873 arg1 release 875:881 extended release 866:881 extended release 866:881 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 4 19 theme extended 675:682 arg1 release 684:690 An extended release 672:690 An extended release over a 28-h period 672:709 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 2 20 theme gelled 440:445 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 in-situ gelled nanoparticles 432:459 in-situ gelled nanoparticles 432:459 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 4 21 theme PVA 820:822 arg1 lenses 824:829 nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses 803:829 nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release 803:881 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 2 22 theme in-situ 432:438 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 in-situ gelled nanoparticles 432:459 in-situ gelled nanoparticles 432:459 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 23 theme drug 300:303 arg1 delivery 305:312 controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 278:312 controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 278:312 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 24 theme chitosan-poly 346:358 arg1 acid 369:372 acrylic acid 361:372 acrylic acid 361:372 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 24 theme chitosan-poly 346:358 arg1 nanoparticles 375:387 chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles 346:387 chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles 346:387 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 3 25 theme chitosan 643:650 arg1 chains 652:657 the chitosan chains 639:657 the chitosan chains 639:657 The nanoparticles were shown to disintegrate in a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme. 29180255 1 26 used used 206:209 arg2 lenses 185:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses 142:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery 142:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 3 27 theme chains 652:657 arg1 hydrolysis 625:634 the hydrolysis 621:634 the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme 621:669 The nanoparticles were shown to disintegrate in a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme. 29180255 4 28 theme greater 844:850 arg1 potential 852:860 even greater potential 839:860 even greater potential for extended release 839:881 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 5 29 theme enzyme-triggered 931:946 arg1 systems 969:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 The platform shows great promise in developing enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems. 29180255 2 30 theme cellulose 465:473 arg1 nanocrystals 475:486 cellulose nanocrystals 465:486 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 465:492 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 30 theme cellulose 465:473 arg1 CNC 489:491 CNC 489:491 CNC 489:491 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 3 31 theme lysozyme 597:604 arg1 concentration 580:592 a physiological 0.2 mM concentration 557:592 a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme 557:669 The nanoparticles were shown to disintegrate in a physiological 0.2 mM concentration of lysozyme resulting from the hydrolysis of the chitosan chains by lysozyme. 29180255 1 32 theme study 121:125 arg1 aim 109:111 The aim 105:111 The aim of this study 105:125 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 5 33 theme ocular 948:953 arg1 systems 969:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 The platform shows great promise in developing enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems. 29180255 2 34 theme lens 259:262 arg1 platforms 264:272 Two potential contact lens platforms 237:272 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 237:312 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 5 35 theme drug 955:958 arg1 systems 969:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 The platform shows great promise in developing enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems. 29180255 1 36 theme ocular 215:220 arg1 delivery 227:234 ocular drug delivery 215:234 ocular drug delivery 215:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 2 37 theme contact 251:257 arg1 platforms 264:272 Two potential contact lens platforms 237:272 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 237:312 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 5 38 theme delivery 960:967 arg1 systems 969:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems 931:975 The platform shows great promise in developing enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems. 29180255 1 39 theme drug 222:225 arg1 delivery 227:234 ocular drug delivery 215:234 ocular drug delivery 215:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 29180255 2 40 theme potential 241:249 arg1 platforms 264:272 Two potential contact lens platforms 237:272 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery 237:312 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 5 41 theme great 903:907 arg1 promise 909:915 great promise 903:915 great promise 903:915 The platform shows great promise in developing enzyme-triggered ocular drug delivery systems. 29180255 2 42 theme alcohol 404:410 arg1 hydrogels 418:426 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 394:426 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 394:426 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 2 43 theme PVA 497:499 arg1 lenses 501:506 PVA lenses 497:506 PVA lenses 497:506 Two potential contact lens platforms for controlled ophthalmic drug delivery were developed by incorporating chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and in-situ gelled nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in PVA lenses. 29180255 4 44 theme nanoparticle-CNC 803:818 arg1 lenses 824:829 nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses 803:829 nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release 803:881 An extended release over a 28-h period was demonstrated once the nanoparticles had been integrated into the composite lenses, with nanoparticle-CNC PVA lenses showing even greater potential for extended release. 29180255 1 45 theme nanoparticle 142:153 arg1 lenses 185:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses 142:190 nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery 142:234 The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticle loaded hydrogel based contact lenses that could be used for ocular drug delivery. 27474646 0 0 theme esters 66:71 arg1 properties 42:51 the properties 38:51 the properties of palmitate esters 38:71 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. 27474646 5 1 theme substitution 722:733 arg1 degree 712:717 the end product's degree 694:717 the end product's degree of substitution and properties 694:748 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 7 2 theme cellulose 1015:1023 arg1 materials 1031:1039 cellulose based materials 1015:1039 cellulose based materials 1015:1039 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 1 3 theme oil-based 123:131 arg1 products 133:140 oil-based products 123:140 oil-based products 123:140 Nowadays one of the growing trends is to replace oil-based products with cellulose-based materials. 27474646 0 4 theme palmitate 56:64 arg1 esters 66:71 palmitate esters 56:71 palmitate esters 56:71 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. 27474646 0 5 from effect 4:9 arg1 properties 42:51 the properties 38:51 the properties of palmitate esters 38:71 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. 27474646 5 6 theme molar 629:633 arg1 mass 635:638 the molar mass 625:638 the molar mass of the starting cellulose 625:664 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 6 7 theme palmitate 786:794 arg1 esters 796:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 4 8 theme cellulose 553:561 arg1 esterification 523:536 esterification 523:536 esterification of both native cellulose and ozone 523:571 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 6 9 theme water 885:889 arg1 properties 899:908 excellent water barrier properties 875:908 excellent water barrier properties 875:908 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 6 10 theme controlled 775:784 arg1 esters 796:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 5 11 theme end 698:700 arg1 product 702:708 end product 698:708 the end product's degree of substitution and properties 694:748 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 6 12 theme excellent 875:883 arg1 properties 899:908 excellent water barrier properties 875:908 excellent water barrier properties 875:908 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 6 13 theme mass 770:773 arg1 esters 796:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 4 14 theme ozone 567:571 arg1 esterification 523:536 esterification 523:536 esterification of both native cellulose and ozone 523:571 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 4 15 from differences 461:471 arg1 reactivity 476:485 reactivity 476:485 reactivity 476:485 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 4 15 from differences 461:471 arg1 consumption 500:510 chemical consumption 491:510 chemical consumption 491:510 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 6 16 theme molar 764:768 arg1 esters 796:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 molar mass controlled palmitate esters 764:801 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 3 17 theme ozone 361:365 arg1 hydrolysis 367:376 ozone hydrolysis 361:376 ozone hydrolysis 361:376 Here, we show that decreasing the molar mass of cellulose by ozone hydrolysis provides cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption. 27474646 1 18 theme cellulose-based 147:161 arg1 materials 163:171 cellulose-based materials 147:171 cellulose-based materials 147:171 Nowadays one of the growing trends is to replace oil-based products with cellulose-based materials. 27474646 7 19 theme mass 936:939 arg1 cellulose 952:960 molar mass controlled cellulose 930:960 molar mass controlled cellulose 930:960 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 6 20 theme transparent 852:862 arg1 films 864:868 mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films 808:868 mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films 808:868 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 7 21 theme molar 930:934 arg1 cellulose 952:960 molar mass controlled cellulose 930:960 molar mass controlled cellulose 930:960 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 7 22 theme materials 1031:1039 arg1 use 1008:1010 the greater use 996:1010 the greater use of cellulose based materials 996:1039 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 4 23 theme chemical 491:498 arg1 consumption 500:510 chemical consumption 491:510 chemical consumption 491:510 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 6 24 theme strong 821:826 arg1 films 864:868 mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films 808:868 mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films 808:868 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 3 25 theme cellulose 387:395 arg1 functionalization 397:413 cellulose functionalization 387:413 cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption 387:444 Here, we show that decreasing the molar mass of cellulose by ozone hydrolysis provides cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption. 27474646 0 26 theme cellulose 14:22 arg1 mass 30:33 cellulose molar mass 14:33 cellulose molar mass 14:33 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. 27474646 7 27 theme various 1045:1051 arg1 application 1053:1063 various application 1045:1063 various application 1045:1063 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 7 28 theme controlled 941:950 arg1 cellulose 952:960 molar mass controlled cellulose 930:960 molar mass controlled cellulose 930:960 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 3 29 theme molar 334:338 arg1 mass 340:343 the molar mass 330:343 the molar mass of cellulose 330:356 Here, we show that decreasing the molar mass of cellulose by ozone hydrolysis provides cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption. 27474646 4 30 theme native 546:551 arg1 cellulose 553:561 native cellulose 546:561 native cellulose 546:561 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 5 31 theme significant 672:682 arg1 effect 684:689 a significant effect 670:689 a significant effect 670:689 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 0 32 theme mass 30:33 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters 0:71 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. 27474646 0 33 theme molar 24:28 arg1 mass 30:33 cellulose molar mass 14:33 cellulose molar mass 14:33 The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. 27474646 5 34 contain has 666:668 arg2 effect 684:689 a significant effect 670:689 a significant effect 670:689 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 5 34 contain has 666:668 arg1 mass 635:638 the molar mass 625:638 the molar mass of the starting cellulose 625:664 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 6 35 theme flexible 829:836 arg1 films 864:868 mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films 808:868 mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films 808:868 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 2 36 theme huge 216:219 arg1 excess 221:226 a huge excess 214:226 a huge excess of chemicals 214:239 Currently most cellulose esters require a huge excess of chemicals and have therefore, not been broadly used in the industry. 27474646 7 37 theme greater 1000:1006 arg1 use 1008:1010 the greater use 996:1010 the greater use of cellulose based materials 996:1039 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 3 38 theme chemical 425:432 arg1 consumption 434:444 less chemical consumption 420:444 less chemical consumption 420:444 Here, we show that decreasing the molar mass of cellulose by ozone hydrolysis provides cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption. 27474646 3 39 theme cellulose 348:356 arg1 mass 340:343 the molar mass 330:343 the molar mass of cellulose 330:356 Here, we show that decreasing the molar mass of cellulose by ozone hydrolysis provides cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption. 27474646 7 40 theme based 1025:1029 arg1 materials 1031:1039 cellulose based materials 1015:1039 cellulose based materials 1015:1039 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 5 41 theme cellulose 656:664 arg1 mass 635:638 the molar mass 625:638 the molar mass of the starting cellulose 625:664 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 5 42 theme starting 647:654 arg1 cellulose 656:664 the starting cellulose 643:664 the starting cellulose 643:664 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 6 43 theme barrier 891:897 arg1 properties 899:908 excellent water barrier properties 875:908 excellent water barrier properties 875:908 Furthermore, molar mass controlled palmitate esters form mechanically strong, flexible and optically transparent films with excellent water barrier properties. 27474646 1 44 theme growing 94:100 arg1 trends 102:107 the growing trends 90:107 the growing trends 90:107 Nowadays one of the growing trends is to replace oil-based products with cellulose-based materials. 27474646 3 45 with functionalization 397:413 arg1 consumption 434:444 less chemical consumption 420:444 less chemical consumption 420:444 Here, we show that decreasing the molar mass of cellulose by ozone hydrolysis provides cellulose functionalization with less chemical consumption. 27474646 2 46 theme cellulose 189:197 arg1 esters 199:204 Currently most cellulose esters 174:204 Currently most cellulose esters 174:204 Currently most cellulose esters require a huge excess of chemicals and have therefore, not been broadly used in the industry. 27474646 2 47 used used 278:281 arg2 esters 199:204 Currently most cellulose esters 174:204 Currently most cellulose esters 174:204 Currently most cellulose esters require a huge excess of chemicals and have therefore, not been broadly used in the industry. 27474646 5 48 theme properties 739:748 arg1 degree 712:717 the end product's degree 694:717 the end product's degree of substitution and properties 694:748 Based on the results, the molar mass of the starting cellulose has a significant effect on the end product's degree of substitution and properties. 27474646 2 49 theme most 184:187 arg1 esters 199:204 Currently most cellulose esters 174:204 Currently most cellulose esters 174:204 Currently most cellulose esters require a huge excess of chemicals and have therefore, not been broadly used in the industry. 27474646 7 50 theme starting 977:984 arg1 point 986:990 a starting point 975:990 a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials 975:1039 We anticipate that molar mass controlled cellulose will provide a starting point for the greater use of cellulose based materials, in various application, such as films and composites. 27474646 4 51 theme hydrolyzed 581:590 arg1 cellulose 592:600 hydrolyzed cellulose 581:600 hydrolyzed cellulose 581:600 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 27474646 2 52 theme chemicals 231:239 arg1 excess 221:226 a huge excess 214:226 a huge excess of chemicals 214:239 Currently most cellulose esters require a huge excess of chemicals and have therefore, not been broadly used in the industry. 27474646 4 53 dep showed 516:521 arg1 treated 573:579 treated 573:579 showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose 516:600 To reveal the differences in reactivity and chemical consumption, we showed esterification of both native cellulose and ozone treated hydrolyzed cellulose. 24725003 6 0 from behavior 892:899 arg1 solution 916:923 solution 916:923 solution 916:923 Adsorbed layers are stable, and their properties are directly dependent on the behavior of chitosan in solution. 24725003 8 1 theme rigid 1124:1128 arg1 monolayers 1150:1159 rigid and thin adsorption monolayers 1124:1159 rigid and thin adsorption monolayers 1124:1159 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 9 2 theme mass 1448:1451 arg1 maximum 1428:1434 a large maximum 1420:1434 a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan 1420:1477 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 9 3 theme large 1422:1426 arg1 maximum 1428:1434 a large maximum 1420:1434 a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan 1420:1477 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 7 4 theme main 1050:1053 arg1 force 1063:1067 the main driving force 1046:1067 the main driving force for adsorption 1046:1082 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 7 4 theme main 1050:1053 arg1 attraction 1032:1041 electrostatic attraction 1018:1041 electrostatic attraction 1018:1041 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 9 5 theme neutral 1250:1256 arg1 solutions 1258:1266 neutral solutions 1250:1266 neutral solutions 1250:1266 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 4 6 theme experimental 456:467 arg1 protocol 469:476 This experimental protocol 451:476 This experimental protocol 451:476 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 3 7 theme chitosan 344:351 arg1 amount 325:330 the amount 321:330 the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques 321:372 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 3 7 theme chitosan 344:351 arg1 chitosan 344:351 adsorbed chitosan 335:351 adsorbed chitosan 335:351 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 0 8 from Mechanism 0:8 arg1 silica 36:41 silica 36:41 silica from aqueous solutions 36:64 Mechanism of chitosan adsorption on silica from aqueous solutions. 24725003 7 9 theme acidic 936:941 arg1 solutions 943:951 mildly acidic solutions 929:951 mildly acidic solutions 929:951 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 10 10 theme substantial 1520:1530 arg1 amount 1532:1537 a substantial amount 1518:1537 a substantial amount of water 1518:1546 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 10 theme substantial 1520:1530 arg1 mass 1574:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 10 theme substantial 1520:1530 arg1 % 1557:1557 up to 95% 1549:1557 up to 95% of their total mass 1549:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 10 theme substantial 1520:1530 arg1 water 1542:1546 water 1542:1546 water 1542:1546 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 11 11 theme tailored 1648:1655 arg1 properties 1657:1666 tailored properties 1648:1666 tailored properties 1648:1666 Our results imply the possibility to produce adsorption layers with tailored properties simply by adjusting the solution chemistry during adsorption. 24725003 2 12 theme adsorption 131:140 arg1 behavior 142:149 The adsorption behavior 127:149 The adsorption behavior 127:149 The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. 24725003 1 13 from silica 119:124 arg1 study 80:84 a study 78:84 a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica 78:124 We present a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica. 24725003 5 14 theme concentration 761:773 arg1 influence 727:735 the influence 723:735 the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions 723:810 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 8 15 theme average 1169:1175 arg1 thickness 1177:1185 an average thickness 1166:1185 an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm 1166:1209 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 3 16 theme experimental 429:440 arg1 results 442:448 the respective experimental results 414:448 the respective experimental results 414:448 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 3 17 theme adsorbed 335:342 arg1 chitosan 344:351 adsorbed chitosan 335:351 adsorbed chitosan 335:351 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 11 18 theme adsorption 1625:1634 arg1 layers 1636:1641 adsorption layers 1625:1641 adsorption layers with tailored properties 1625:1666 Our results imply the possibility to produce adsorption layers with tailored properties simply by adjusting the solution chemistry during adsorption. 24725003 10 19 theme water 1542:1546 arg1 amount 1532:1537 a substantial amount 1518:1537 a substantial amount of water 1518:1546 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 19 theme water 1542:1546 arg1 mass 1574:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 19 theme water 1542:1546 arg1 % 1557:1557 up to 95% 1549:1557 up to 95% of their total mass 1549:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 19 theme water 1542:1546 arg1 water 1542:1546 water 1542:1546 water 1542:1546 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 9 20 theme chitosan 1470:1477 arg1 pK 1464:1465 the pK 1460:1465 the pK of chitosan 1460:1477 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 3 21 theme results 442:448 arg1 combination 399:409 the systematic combination 384:409 the systematic combination of the respective experimental results 384:448 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 9 22 theme other 1276:1280 arg1 hand 1282:1285 the other hand 1272:1285 the other hand 1272:1285 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 7 23 theme driving 1055:1061 arg1 force 1063:1067 the main driving force 1046:1067 the main driving force for adsorption 1046:1082 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 7 23 theme driving 1055:1061 arg1 attraction 1032:1041 electrostatic attraction 1018:1041 electrostatic attraction 1018:1041 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 11 24 theme solution 1692:1699 arg1 chemistry 1701:1709 the solution chemistry 1688:1709 the solution chemistry 1688:1709 Our results imply the possibility to produce adsorption layers with tailored properties simply by adjusting the solution chemistry during adsorption. 24725003 4 25 theme water 558:562 arg1 content 564:570 their water content 552:570 their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition 552:648 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 9 26 dep thicker 1366:1372 arg1 nm 1379:1380 ∼10 nm 1375:1380 ∼10 nm 1375:1380 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 1 27 from adsorption 93:102 arg1 silica 119:124 silica 119:124 silica 119:124 We present a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica. 24725003 3 28 theme respective 418:427 arg1 results 442:448 the respective experimental results 414:448 the respective experimental results 414:448 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 0 29 theme adsorption 22:31 arg1 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism of chitosan adsorption on silica from aqueous solutions. 0:65 Mechanism of chitosan adsorption on silica from aqueous solutions. 24725003 8 30 theme adsorption 1139:1148 arg1 monolayers 1150:1159 rigid and thin adsorption monolayers 1124:1159 rigid and thin adsorption monolayers 1124:1159 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 4 31 theme composition 638:648 arg1 solutions 617:625 aqueous solutions 609:625 aqueous solutions of varying composition 609:648 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 0 32 theme chitosan 13:20 arg1 adsorption 22:31 chitosan adsorption 13:31 chitosan adsorption 13:31 Mechanism of chitosan adsorption on silica from aqueous solutions. 24725003 5 33 theme 10 695:696 arg1 mM 698:699 mM 698:699 mM 698:699 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 2 34 theme resulting 159:167 arg1 properties 175:184 the resulting layer properties 155:184 the resulting layer properties 155:184 The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. 24725003 4 35 theme varying 630:636 arg1 composition 638:648 varying composition 630:648 varying composition 630:648 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 5 36 theme electrolyte 740:750 arg1 type 752:755 electrolyte type 740:755 electrolyte type 740:755 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 5 37 theme mM 698:699 arg1 NaCl 701:704 10 mM NaCl 695:704 10 mM NaCl 695:704 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 8 38 theme water 1217:1221 arg1 content 1223:1229 a water content 1215:1229 a water content of roughly 60% 1215:1244 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 8 39 theme % 1244:1244 arg1 thickness 1177:1185 an average thickness 1166:1185 an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm 1166:1209 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 8 39 theme % 1244:1244 arg1 content 1223:1229 a water content 1215:1229 a water content of roughly 60% 1215:1244 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 5 40 theme type 752:755 arg1 influence 727:735 the influence 723:735 the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions 723:810 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 9 41 theme large 1303:1307 arg1 aggregates 1309:1318 large aggregates 1303:1318 large aggregates 1303:1318 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 2 42 theme optical 216:222 arg1 reflectometry 224:236 optical reflectometry 216:236 optical reflectometry 216:236 The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. 24725003 5 43 theme representative 783:796 arg1 conditions 801:810 two representative pH conditions 779:810 two representative pH conditions 779:810 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 3 44 used used 305:308 arg2 surfaces 292:299 Exactly the same surfaces 275:299 Exactly the same surfaces 275:299 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 8 45 theme thin 1134:1137 arg1 monolayers 1150:1159 rigid and thin adsorption monolayers 1124:1159 rigid and thin adsorption monolayers 1124:1159 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 5 46 theme pH 798:799 arg1 conditions 801:810 two representative pH conditions 779:810 two representative pH conditions 779:810 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 0 47 from solutions 56:64 arg1 silica 36:41 silica 36:41 silica from aqueous solutions 36:64 Mechanism of chitosan adsorption on silica from aqueous solutions. 24725003 7 48 theme charged 985:991 arg1 polyelectrolyte 993:1007 a weakly charged polyelectrolyte 976:1007 a weakly charged polyelectrolyte 976:1007 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 1 49 theme adsorption 93:102 arg1 study 80:84 a study 78:84 a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica 78:124 We present a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica. 24725003 3 50 theme systematic 388:397 arg1 combination 399:409 the systematic combination 384:409 the systematic combination of the respective experimental results 384:448 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 6 51 theme chitosan 904:911 arg1 behavior 892:899 the behavior 888:899 the behavior of chitosan in solution 888:923 Adsorbed layers are stable, and their properties are directly dependent on the behavior of chitosan in solution. 24725003 7 52 theme electrostatic 1018:1030 arg1 force 1063:1067 the main driving force 1046:1067 the main driving force for adsorption 1046:1082 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 7 52 theme electrostatic 1018:1030 arg1 attraction 1032:1041 electrostatic attraction 1018:1041 electrostatic attraction 1018:1041 In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. 24725003 4 53 theme layers 541:546 arg1 content 564:570 their water content 552:570 their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition 552:648 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 4 53 theme layers 541:546 arg1 thickness 524:532 the thickness 520:532 the thickness of the layers 520:546 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 3 54 theme same 287:290 arg1 surfaces 292:299 Exactly the same surfaces 275:299 Exactly the same surfaces 275:299 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 6 55 theme Adsorbed 813:820 arg1 layers 822:827 Adsorbed layers 813:827 Adsorbed layers 813:827 Adsorbed layers are stable, and their properties are directly dependent on the behavior of chitosan in solution. 24725003 2 56 theme crystal 253:259 arg1 microbalance 261:272 the quartz crystal microbalance 242:272 the quartz crystal microbalance 242:272 The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. 24725003 1 57 theme chitosan 107:114 arg1 adsorption 93:102 the adsorption 89:102 the adsorption of chitosan on silica 89:124 We present a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica. 24725003 4 58 theme aqueous 609:615 arg1 solutions 617:625 aqueous solutions 609:625 aqueous solutions of varying composition 609:648 This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. 24725003 5 59 theme pH 689:690 arg1 effect 679:684 the effect 675:684 the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl 675:704 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24725003 2 60 theme quartz 246:251 arg1 microbalance 261:272 the quartz crystal microbalance 242:272 the quartz crystal microbalance 242:272 The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. 24725003 10 61 theme mass 1574:1577 arg1 amount 1532:1537 a substantial amount 1518:1537 a substantial amount of water 1518:1546 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 61 theme mass 1574:1577 arg1 mass 1574:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 61 theme mass 1574:1577 arg1 % 1557:1557 up to 95% 1549:1557 up to 95% of their total mass 1549:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 61 theme mass 1574:1577 arg1 water 1542:1546 water 1542:1546 water 1542:1546 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 8 62 theme nm 1208:1209 arg1 thickness 1177:1185 an average thickness 1166:1185 an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm 1166:1209 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 8 62 theme nm 1208:1209 arg1 content 1223:1229 a water content 1215:1229 a water content of roughly 60% 1215:1244 Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. 24725003 9 63 theme adsorption 1330:1339 arg1 layers 1341:1346 adsorption layers 1330:1346 adsorption layers 1330:1346 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 2 64 theme layer 169:173 arg1 properties 175:184 the resulting layer properties 155:184 the resulting layer properties 155:184 The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. 24725003 10 65 dep 95 1555:1556 arg1 to 1552:1553 to 1552:1553 to 1552:1553 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 10 66 theme total 1568:1572 arg1 mass 1574:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 their total mass 1562:1577 These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. 24725003 1 67 from study 80:84 arg1 silica 119:124 silica 119:124 silica 119:124 We present a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica. 24725003 0 68 theme aqueous 48:54 arg1 solutions 56:64 aqueous solutions 48:64 aqueous solutions 48:64 Mechanism of chitosan adsorption on silica from aqueous solutions. 24725003 3 69 with amount 325:330 arg1 techniques 363:372 both techniques 358:372 both techniques 358:372 Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. 24725003 11 70 with layers 1636:1641 arg1 properties 1657:1666 tailored properties 1648:1666 tailored properties 1648:1666 Our results imply the possibility to produce adsorption layers with tailored properties simply by adjusting the solution chemistry during adsorption. 24725003 9 71 theme adsorbed 1439:1446 arg1 mass 1448:1451 adsorbed mass 1439:1451 adsorbed mass 1439:1451 In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. 24725003 5 72 from effect 679:684 arg1 NaCl 701:704 10 mM NaCl 695:704 10 mM NaCl 695:704 In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. 24428850 7 0 theme swimming 1005:1012 arg1 test 1014:1017 the exhaustive swimming test 990:1017 the exhaustive swimming test 990:1017 The swimming time was recorded through the exhaustive swimming test. 24428850 4 1 dep components 418:427 arg1 protein 467:473 oyster protein 460:473 oyster protein 460:473 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 1 dep components 418:427 arg1 meat 437:440 oyster meat 430:440 oyster meat 430:440 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 1 dep components 418:427 arg1 components 522:531 water-insoluble components 506:531 water-insoluble components 506:531 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 1 dep components 418:427 arg1 components 490:499 cooked liquid components 476:499 cooked liquid components 476:499 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 1 dep components 418:427 arg1 components 418:427 oyster components 411:427 oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) 411:532 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 1 dep components 418:427 arg1 glycogen 450:457 oyster glycogen 443:457 oyster glycogen 443:457 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 8 2 theme serum 1034:1038 arg1 acid 1047:1050 serum lactic acid 1034:1050 serum lactic acid 1034:1050 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 4 3 theme swimming 541:548 arg1 endurance 550:558 the swimming endurance 537:558 the swimming endurance of mice 537:566 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 8 4 theme acid 1047:1050 arg1 levels 1024:1029 The levels 1020:1029 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1020:1128 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 8 5 theme glycogen 1086:1093 arg1 levels 1024:1029 The levels 1020:1029 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1020:1128 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 10 6 theme endurance 1382:1390 arg1 capacity 1392:1399 endurance capacity 1382:1399 endurance capacity of mice 1382:1407 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 8 7 theme blood 1053:1057 arg1 BUN 1074:1076 BUN 1074:1076 BUN 1074:1076 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 8 7 theme blood 1053:1057 arg1 nitrogen 1064:1071 blood urea nitrogen 1053:1071 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1053:1077 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 9 8 theme 1.85 1281:1284 arg1 taurine 1294:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 8 9 theme nitrogen 1064:1071 arg1 levels 1024:1029 The levels 1020:1029 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1020:1128 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 11 10 contain had 1540:1542 arg1 protein 1532:1538 Oyster protein 1525:1538 Oyster protein 1525:1538 Oyster protein had little effect. 24428850 11 10 contain had 1540:1542 arg2 effect 1551:1556 little effect 1544:1556 little effect 1544:1556 Oyster protein had little effect. 24428850 6 11 dep in 739:740 arg1 vivo 742:745 vivo 742:745 vivo 742:745 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 8 12 theme muscle 1114:1119 arg1 glycogen 1121:1128 gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1100:1128 gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1100:1128 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 6 13 theme consecutive 879:889 arg1 days 891:894 15 consecutive days 876:894 15 consecutive days 876:894 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 5 14 dep analyzed 696:703 arg1 First 609:613 First 609:613 First 609:613 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 2 15 contain have 228:231 arg2 qualities 241:249 several qualities 233:249 several qualities 233:249 It is reported to have several qualities such as improving sexual and immune function. 24428850 2 15 contain have 228:231 arg1 It 210:211 It 210:211 It 210:211 It is reported to have several qualities such as improving sexual and immune function. 24428850 9 16 theme no 1306:1307 arg1 sugar 1309:1313 no sugar 1306:1313 no sugar 1306:1313 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 4 17 theme components 418:427 arg1 types 402:406 five types 397:406 five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) 397:532 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 5 18 theme acid 626:629 arg1 composition 631:641 amino acid composition 620:641 amino acid composition 620:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 1 19 from food 187:190 arg1 areas 203:207 coastal areas 195:207 coastal areas 195:207 CONTEXT Oysters [Crassostrea plicatula Gmelin (Ostreidae)] are widely used for food in coastal areas. 24428850 6 20 theme various 856:862 arg1 mg 901:902 [0.8 mg protein/ 896:911 [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) 896:919 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 20 theme various 856:862 arg1 samples 864:870 various samples 856:870 various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)] 856:948 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 20 theme various 856:862 arg1 mg 928:929 0.2 mg glycogen/ 924:939 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d) 924:947 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 4 21 from effects 386:392 arg1 endurance 550:558 the swimming endurance 537:558 the swimming endurance of mice 537:566 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 2 22 theme several 233:239 arg1 qualities 241:249 several qualities 233:249 several qualities 233:249 It is reported to have several qualities such as improving sexual and immune function. 24428850 11 23 theme Oyster 1525:1530 arg1 protein 1532:1538 Oyster protein 1525:1538 Oyster protein 1525:1538 Oyster protein had little effect. 24428850 4 24 dep OBJECTIVE 372:380 arg1 investigated 573:584 investigated 573:584 were investigated 568:584 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 0 25 theme exercise 78:85 arg1 performance 87:97 endurance exercise performance 68:97 endurance exercise performance in mice 68:105 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 9 26 theme RESULTS 1147:1153 arg1 protein 1162:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein 1147:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein 1147:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 6 27 theme g 913:913 arg1 BW·d 915:918 g BW·d 913:918 g BW·d 913:918 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 27 theme g 913:913 arg1 mg 901:902 [0.8 mg protein/ 896:911 [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) 896:919 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 5 28 dep composition 631:641 arg1 the 616:618 the 616:618 the 616:618 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 performance 87:97 endurance exercise performance 68:97 endurance exercise performance in mice 68:105 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 5 30 theme oyster 673:678 arg1 components 680:689 the five oyster components 664:689 the five oyster components 664:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 12 31 theme amino 1710:1714 arg1 composition 1721:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 4 32 theme oyster 430:435 arg1 components 418:427 oyster components 411:427 oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) 411:532 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 32 theme oyster 430:435 arg1 meat 437:440 oyster meat 430:440 oyster meat 430:440 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 3 33 theme Health 343:348 arg1 Ministry 331:338 Chinese Ministry 323:338 Chinese Ministry of Health as a functional food 323:369 They has been approved by Chinese Ministry of Health as a functional food. 24428850 10 34 theme lactic 1488:1493 arg1 acid 1495:1498 lactic acid 1488:1498 lactic acid 1488:1498 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 0 35 theme intragastric 11:22 arg1 administration 24:37 intragastric administration 11:37 intragastric administration of five oyster components 11:63 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 6 36 theme g 941:941 arg1 BW·d 943:946 g BW·d 941:946 g BW·d 941:946 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 36 theme g 941:941 arg1 mg 928:929 0.2 mg glycogen/ 924:939 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d) 924:947 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 4 37 theme water-insoluble 506:520 arg1 components 522:531 water-insoluble components 506:531 water-insoluble components 506:531 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 12 38 theme bioactivity 1734:1744 arg1 ratio 1682:1686 the high ratio 1673:1686 the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen 1673:1769 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 6 39 theme distilled 788:796 arg1 water 798:802 distilled water 788:802 distilled water 788:802 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 12 40 theme components 1607:1616 arg1 effects 1589:1595 The effects 1585:1595 The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice 1585:1650 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 10 41 theme oyster 1343:1348 arg1 protein 1350:1356 oyster protein 1343:1356 oyster protein 1343:1356 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 0 42 theme oyster 47:52 arg1 components 54:63 five oyster components 42:63 five oyster components 42:63 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 9 43 theme branched-chain 1211:1224 arg1 acids 1232:1236 branched-chain amino acids 1211:1236 branched-chain amino acids 1211:1236 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 12 44 theme swimming 1625:1632 arg1 endurance 1634:1642 the swimming endurance 1621:1642 the swimming endurance of mice 1621:1650 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 4 45 theme liquid 483:488 arg1 components 490:499 cooked liquid components 476:499 cooked liquid components 476:499 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 9 46 theme acids 1232:1236 arg1 ratio 1202:1206 the mole ratio 1193:1206 the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids 1193:1260 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 6 47 theme control 757:763 arg1 group 765:769 the control group 753:769 the control group 753:769 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 9 48 theme aromatic 1241:1248 arg1 acids 1256:1260 aromatic amino acids 1241:1260 aromatic amino acids 1241:1260 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 12 49 from effects 1589:1595 arg1 endurance 1634:1642 the swimming endurance 1621:1642 the swimming endurance of mice 1621:1650 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 4 50 theme mice 563:566 arg1 endurance 550:558 the swimming endurance 537:558 the swimming endurance of mice 537:566 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 7 51 theme exhaustive 994:1003 arg1 test 1014:1017 the exhaustive swimming test 990:1017 the exhaustive swimming test 990:1017 The swimming time was recorded through the exhaustive swimming test. 24428850 10 52 theme mice 1404:1407 arg1 capacity 1392:1399 endurance capacity 1382:1399 endurance capacity of mice 1382:1407 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 2 53 theme sexual 269:274 arg1 function 287:294 sexual and immune function 269:294 function 287:294 It is reported to have several qualities such as improving sexual and immune function. 24428850 6 54 theme intervention 818:829 arg1 groups 831:836 the five intervention groups 809:836 the five intervention groups 809:836 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 55 theme in 739:740 arg1 test 747:750 the in vivo test 735:750 the in vivo test 735:750 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 8 56 theme lactic 1040:1045 arg1 acid 1047:1050 serum lactic acid 1034:1050 serum lactic acid 1034:1050 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 8 57 theme liver 1080:1084 arg1 glycogen 1086:1093 liver glycogen 1080:1093 liver glycogen 1080:1093 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 10 58 theme liver 1427:1431 arg1 p<0.05 1463:1468 p<0.05 1463:1468 p<0.05 1463:1468 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 10 58 theme liver 1427:1431 arg1 contents 1453:1460 the liver and muscle glycogen contents 1423:1460 the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05) 1423:1469 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 5 59 theme physicochemical 710:724 arg1 test 726:729 a physicochemical test 708:729 a physicochemical test 708:729 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 7 60 theme swimming 955:962 arg1 time 964:967 The swimming time 951:967 The swimming time 951:967 The swimming time was recorded through the exhaustive swimming test. 24428850 9 61 theme contained 1271:1279 arg1 taurine 1294:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 12 62 theme taurine 1749:1755 arg1 bioactivity 1734:1744 bioactivity 1734:1744 bioactivity of taurine 1734:1755 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 12 62 theme taurine 1749:1755 arg1 composition 1721:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 12 62 theme taurine 1749:1755 arg1 glycogen 1762:1769 glycogen 1762:1769 glycogen 1762:1769 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 5 63 theme sugar 647:651 arg1 content 653:659 sugar content 647:659 sugar content 647:659 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 2 64 theme immune 280:285 arg1 function 287:294 sexual and immune function 269:294 function 287:294 It is reported to have several qualities such as improving sexual and immune function. 24428850 9 65 theme mmol/mL 1286:1292 arg1 taurine 1294:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 8 66 theme urea 1059:1062 arg1 BUN 1074:1076 BUN 1074:1076 BUN 1074:1076 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 8 66 theme urea 1059:1062 arg1 nitrogen 1064:1071 blood urea nitrogen 1053:1071 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1053:1077 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 4 67 theme oyster 411:416 arg1 components 418:427 oyster components 411:427 oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) 411:532 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 67 theme oyster 411:416 arg1 meat 437:440 oyster meat 430:440 oyster meat 430:440 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 67 theme oyster 411:416 arg1 glycogen 450:457 oyster glycogen 443:457 oyster glycogen 443:457 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 67 theme oyster 411:416 arg1 protein 467:473 oyster protein 460:473 oyster protein 460:473 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 8 68 theme gastrocnemius 1100:1112 arg1 glycogen 1121:1128 gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1100:1128 gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1100:1128 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 1 69 theme coastal 195:201 arg1 areas 203:207 coastal areas 195:207 coastal areas 195:207 CONTEXT Oysters [Crassostrea plicatula Gmelin (Ostreidae)] are widely used for food in coastal areas. 24428850 12 70 theme composition 1721:1731 arg1 ratio 1682:1686 the high ratio 1673:1686 the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen 1673:1769 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 12 71 dep DISCUSSION 1559:1568 arg1 effects 1589:1595 The effects 1585:1595 The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice 1585:1650 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 12 72 theme glycogen 1762:1769 arg1 ratio 1682:1686 the high ratio 1673:1686 the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen 1673:1769 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 8 73 theme glycogen 1121:1128 arg1 levels 1024:1029 The levels 1020:1029 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen 1020:1128 The levels of serum lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen, and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen were determined. 24428850 10 74 theme muscle 1437:1442 arg1 p<0.05 1463:1468 p<0.05 1463:1468 p<0.05 1463:1468 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 10 74 theme muscle 1437:1442 arg1 contents 1453:1460 the liver and muscle glycogen contents 1423:1460 the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05) 1423:1469 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 5 75 theme amino 620:624 arg1 composition 631:641 amino acid composition 620:641 amino acid composition 620:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 4 76 theme oyster 460:465 arg1 components 418:427 oyster components 411:427 oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) 411:532 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 76 theme oyster 460:465 arg1 protein 467:473 oyster protein 460:473 oyster protein 460:473 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 0 77 from performance 87:97 arg1 mice 102:105 mice 102:105 mice 102:105 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 4 78 theme types 402:406 arg1 effects 386:392 The effects 382:392 The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice 382:566 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 1 79 used used 178:181 arg2 Ostreidae 155:163 Ostreidae 155:163 Ostreidae 155:163 CONTEXT Oysters [Crassostrea plicatula Gmelin (Ostreidae)] are widely used for food in coastal areas. 24428850 1 79 used used 178:181 arg2 Gmelin 147:152 Gmelin 147:152 Gmelin 147:152 CONTEXT Oysters [Crassostrea plicatula Gmelin (Ostreidae)] are widely used for food in coastal areas. 24428850 11 80 theme little 1544:1549 arg1 effect 1551:1556 little effect 1544:1556 little effect 1544:1556 Oyster protein had little effect. 24428850 0 81 theme endurance 68:76 arg1 performance 87:97 endurance exercise performance 68:97 endurance exercise performance in mice 68:105 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 12 82 theme branched-chain 1695:1708 arg1 composition 1721:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 9 83 dep F-value 1184:1190 arg1 ratio 1202:1206 the mole ratio 1193:1206 the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids 1193:1260 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 6 84 dep samples 864:870 arg1 mg 901:902 [0.8 mg protein/ 896:911 [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) 896:919 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 84 dep samples 864:870 arg1 BW·d 915:918 g BW·d 913:918 g BW·d 913:918 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 84 dep samples 864:870 arg1 samples 864:870 various samples 856:870 various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)] 856:948 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 84 dep samples 864:870 arg1 BW·d 943:946 g BW·d 941:946 g BW·d 941:946 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 6 84 dep samples 864:870 arg1 mg 928:929 0.2 mg glycogen/ 924:939 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d) 924:947 In the in vivo test, the control group was administered distilled water, and the five intervention groups were treated with various samples for 15 consecutive days [0.8 mg protein/(g BW·d) or 0.2 mg glycogen/(g BW·d)]. 24428850 9 85 theme Oyster 1155:1160 arg1 protein 1162:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein 1147:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein 1147:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 12 86 theme acid 1716:1719 arg1 composition 1721:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 the branched-chain amino acid composition 1691:1731 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 5 87 theme components 680:689 arg1 composition 631:641 amino acid composition 620:641 amino acid composition 620:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 5 87 theme components 680:689 arg1 content 653:659 sugar content 647:659 sugar content 647:659 MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the amino acid composition and sugar content of the five oyster components were analyzed by a physicochemical test. 24428850 12 88 theme high 1677:1680 arg1 ratio 1682:1686 the high ratio 1673:1686 the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen 1673:1769 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 3 89 theme Chinese 323:329 arg1 Ministry 331:338 Chinese Ministry 323:338 Chinese Ministry of Health as a functional food 323:369 They has been approved by Chinese Ministry of Health as a functional food. 24428850 4 90 theme oyster 443:448 arg1 components 418:427 oyster components 411:427 oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) 411:532 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 4 90 theme oyster 443:448 arg1 glycogen 450:457 oyster glycogen 443:457 oyster glycogen 443:457 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 9 91 theme minimum 1176:1182 arg1 F-value 1184:1190 a minimum F-value 1174:1190 a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68) 1174:1268 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 9 91 theme minimum 1176:1182 arg1 2.68 1264:1267 2.68 1264:1267 2.68 1264:1267 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 3 92 theme functional 355:364 arg1 food 366:369 a functional food 353:369 a functional food 353:369 They has been approved by Chinese Ministry of Health as a functional food. 24428850 0 93 theme administration 24:37 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice 0:105 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 9 94 contain had 1170:1172 arg2 2.68 1264:1267 2.68 1264:1267 2.68 1264:1267 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 9 94 contain had 1170:1172 arg2 F-value 1184:1190 a minimum F-value 1174:1190 a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68) 1174:1268 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 9 94 contain had 1170:1172 arg2 taurine 1294:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine 1271:1300 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 9 94 contain had 1170:1172 arg1 protein 1162:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein 1147:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein 1147:1168 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 9 94 contain had 1170:1172 arg2 sugar 1309:1313 no sugar 1306:1313 no sugar 1306:1313 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 9 95 theme mole 1197:1200 arg1 ratio 1202:1206 the mole ratio 1193:1206 the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids 1193:1260 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 4 96 theme cooked 476:481 arg1 components 490:499 cooked liquid components 476:499 cooked liquid components 476:499 OBJECTIVE The effects of five types of oyster components (oyster meat, oyster glycogen, oyster protein, cooked liquid components, and water-insoluble components) on the swimming endurance of mice were investigated. 24428850 0 97 theme components 54:63 arg1 administration 24:37 intragastric administration 11:37 intragastric administration of five oyster components 11:63 Effects of intragastric administration of five oyster components on endurance exercise performance in mice. 24428850 12 98 theme oyster 1600:1605 arg1 components 1607:1616 oyster components 1600:1616 oyster components 1600:1616 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 10 99 theme BUN 1504:1506 arg1 p<0.05 1516:1521 p<0.05 1516:1521 p<0.05 1516:1521 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 10 99 theme BUN 1504:1506 arg1 levels 1508:1513 the lactic acid and BUN levels 1484:1513 the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05) 1484:1522 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 9 100 theme amino 1226:1230 arg1 acids 1232:1236 branched-chain amino acids 1211:1236 branched-chain amino acids 1211:1236 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 24428850 12 101 theme mice 1647:1650 arg1 endurance 1634:1642 the swimming endurance 1621:1642 the swimming endurance of mice 1621:1650 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of oyster components on the swimming endurance of mice may be attributed to the high ratio of the branched-chain amino acid composition, bioactivity of taurine, and glycogen. 24428850 10 102 theme acid 1495:1498 arg1 p<0.05 1516:1521 p<0.05 1516:1521 p<0.05 1516:1521 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 10 102 theme acid 1495:1498 arg1 levels 1508:1513 the lactic acid and BUN levels 1484:1513 the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05) 1484:1522 The components (except for oyster protein) significantly improved endurance capacity of mice and increased the liver and muscle glycogen contents (p<0.05), and reduced the lactic acid and BUN levels (p<0.05). 24428850 9 103 theme amino 1250:1254 arg1 acids 1256:1260 aromatic amino acids 1241:1260 aromatic amino acids 1241:1260 RESULTS Oyster protein had a minimum F-value (the mole ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids) (2.68), contained 1.85 mmol/mL taurine and no sugar. 25089897 2 0 theme 73.52 414:418 arg1 % 409:409 % 409:409 % 409:409 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 3 1 theme acid 599:602 arg1 neutralization 572:585 the neutralization 568:585 the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash 568:635 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 2 2 theme corn 320:323 arg1 stover 325:330 corn stover 320:330 corn stover 320:330 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 1 3 theme solids 241:246 arg1 loading 248:254 high solids loading 236:254 high solids loading of 67% (w/w) 236:267 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 0 4 theme hydrolysis 74:83 arg1 efficiencies 48:59 the efficiencies 44:59 the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation 44:119 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 5 5 theme removal 780:786 arg1 importance 762:771 the importance 758:771 the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock 758:816 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 1 6 theme different 154:162 arg1 content 168:174 different ash content 154:174 different ash content 154:174 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 0 7 theme ethanol 100:106 arg1 fermentation 108:119 consequent ethanol fermentation 89:119 consequent ethanol fermentation 89:119 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 2 8 dep % 409:409 arg1 to 411:412 to 411:412 to 411:412 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 3 9 from compounds 616:624 arg1 ash 633:635 the ash 629:635 the ash 629:635 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 0 10 theme consequent 89:98 arg1 fermentation 108:119 consequent ethanol fermentation 89:119 consequent ethanol fermentation 89:119 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 1 11 with stover 142:147 arg1 content 168:174 different ash content 154:174 different ash content 154:174 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 4 12 contain has 682:684 arg2 composition 698:708 the similar composition 686:708 the similar composition with the farmland soil 686:731 The elemental analysis reveals that the ash has the similar composition with the farmland soil. 25089897 4 12 contain has 682:684 arg1 ash 678:680 the ash 674:680 the ash 674:680 The elemental analysis reveals that the ash has the similar composition with the farmland soil. 25089897 4 13 theme elemental 642:650 arg1 analysis 652:659 The elemental analysis 638:659 The elemental analysis 638:659 The elemental analysis reveals that the ash has the similar composition with the farmland soil. 25089897 5 14 theme high 824:827 arg1 content 836:842 high solids content pretreatment 824:855 high solids content pretreatment 824:855 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 1 15 theme ash 164:166 arg1 content 168:174 different ash content 154:174 different ash content 154:174 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 0 16 theme fermentation 108:119 arg1 efficiencies 48:59 the efficiencies 44:59 the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation 44:119 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 4 17 theme farmland 719:726 arg1 soil 728:731 the farmland soil 715:731 the farmland soil 715:731 The elemental analysis reveals that the ash has the similar composition with the farmland soil. 25089897 2 18 theme 43.30 350:354 arg1 % 355:355 % 355:355 % 355:355 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 3 19 theme alkaline 607:614 arg1 compounds 616:624 alkaline compounds 607:624 alkaline compounds in the ash 607:635 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 5 20 theme solids 829:834 arg1 content 836:842 high solids content pretreatment 824:855 high solids content pretreatment 824:855 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 0 21 theme De-ashing 0:8 arg1 treatment 10:18 De-ashing treatment 0:18 De-ashing treatment of corn stover 0:33 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 1 22 theme % 261:261 arg1 loading 248:254 high solids loading 236:254 high solids loading of 67% (w/w) 236:267 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 3 23 theme pH 466:467 arg1 measurement 469:479 The pH measurement 462:479 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry 462:501 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 3 24 theme efficiency 547:556 arg1 due 561:563 due 561:563 due 561:563 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 3 24 theme efficiency 547:556 arg1 decrease 522:529 the decrease 518:529 the decrease of pretreatment efficiency 518:556 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 0 25 theme corn 23:26 arg1 stover 28:33 corn stover 23:33 corn stover 23:33 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 3 26 theme slurry 496:501 arg1 measurement 469:479 The pH measurement 462:479 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry 462:501 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 2 27 theme 4.98 455:458 arg1 % 450:450 % 450:450 % 450:450 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 5 28 from feedstock 808:816 arg1 removal 780:786 ash removal 776:786 ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock 776:816 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 5 28 from feedstock 808:816 arg1 importance 762:771 the importance 758:771 the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock 758:816 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 3 29 theme pretreatment 534:545 arg1 efficiency 547:556 pretreatment efficiency 534:556 pretreatment efficiency 534:556 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 5 30 dep content 836:842 arg1 pretreatment 844:855 pretreatment 844:855 high solids content pretreatment 824:855 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 1 31 theme dry 197:199 arg1 method 226:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 2 32 theme 70.99 360:364 arg1 % 355:355 % 355:355 % 355:355 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 3 33 theme corn 484:487 arg1 slurry 496:501 corn stover slurry 484:501 corn stover slurry 484:501 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 1 34 theme dilute 201:206 arg1 method 226:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 0 35 theme stover 28:33 arg1 treatment 10:18 De-ashing treatment 0:18 De-ashing treatment of corn stover 0:33 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 2 36 theme 51.74 404:408 arg1 % 409:409 % 409:409 % 409:409 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 2 37 theme ethanol 372:378 arg1 yield 380:384 ethanol yield 372:384 ethanol yield 372:384 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 2 38 attach removed 433:439 arg2 ash 426:428 ash 426:428 ash 426:428 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 2 38 attach removed 433:439 arg1 % 459:459 9.60% to 4.98% 446:459 9.60% to 4.98% 446:459 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 1 39 theme acid 208:211 arg1 method 226:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 2 40 dep % 450:450 arg1 to 452:453 to 452:453 to 452:453 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 5 41 theme lignocellulose 793:806 arg1 feedstock 808:816 lignocellulose feedstock 793:816 lignocellulose feedstock 793:816 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 2 42 theme 9.60 446:449 arg1 % 450:450 % 450:450 % 450:450 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 2 43 theme hydrolysis 300:309 arg1 yield 311:315 the hydrolysis yield 296:315 the hydrolysis yield of corn stover 296:330 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 4 44 theme similar 690:696 arg1 composition 698:708 the similar composition 686:708 the similar composition with the farmland soil 686:731 The elemental analysis reveals that the ash has the similar composition with the farmland soil. 25089897 3 45 theme stover 489:494 arg1 slurry 496:501 corn stover slurry 484:501 corn stover slurry 484:501 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 1 46 theme pretreatment 213:224 arg1 method 226:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 dry dilute acid pretreatment method 197:231 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 5 47 theme ash 776:778 arg1 removal 780:786 ash removal 776:786 ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock 776:816 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 0 48 theme enzymatic 64:72 arg1 hydrolysis 74:83 enzymatic hydrolysis 64:83 enzymatic hydrolysis 64:83 De-ashing treatment of corn stover improves the efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and consequent ethanol fermentation. 25089897 2 49 dep % 355:355 arg1 to 357:358 to 357:358 to 357:358 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 5 50 from importance 762:771 arg1 feedstock 808:816 lignocellulose feedstock 793:816 lignocellulose feedstock 793:816 This study demonstrates the importance of ash removal from lignocellulose feedstock under high solids content pretreatment. 25089897 1 51 theme corn 137:140 arg1 stover 142:147 corn stover 137:147 corn stover with different ash content 137:174 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 25089897 4 52 with composition 698:708 arg1 soil 728:731 the farmland soil 715:731 the farmland soil 715:731 The elemental analysis reveals that the ash has the similar composition with the farmland soil. 25089897 3 53 theme sulfuric 590:597 arg1 acid 599:602 sulfuric acid 590:602 sulfuric acid 590:602 The pH measurement of corn stover slurry indicates that the decrease of pretreatment efficiency is due to the neutralization of sulfuric acid by alkaline compounds in the ash. 25089897 2 54 theme stover 325:330 arg1 yield 311:315 the hydrolysis yield 296:315 the hydrolysis yield of corn stover 296:330 The results indicate that the hydrolysis yield of corn stover is increased from 43.30% to 70.99%, and ethanol yield is increased from 51.74% to 73.52% when ash is removed from 9.60% to 4.98%. 25089897 1 55 theme high 236:239 arg1 loading 248:254 high solids loading 236:254 high solids loading of 67% (w/w) 236:267 In this study, corn stover with different ash content was pretreated using dry dilute acid pretreatment method at high solids loading of 67% (w/w). 28759217 7 0 from chitosan 1088:1095 arg1 control 1104:1110 GDM control 1100:1110 GDM control 1100:1110 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 7 1 used used 1058:1061 arg2 it 1052:1053 it 1052:1053 it 1052:1053 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 7 2 from LamE 1080:1083 arg1 control 1104:1110 GDM control 1100:1110 GDM control 1100:1110 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 3 3 theme mixture 444:450 arg1 effect 384:389 the effect 380:389 the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide 380:552 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 1 4 theme grapevine 227:235 arg1 GDM 251:253 GDM 251:253 GDM 251:253 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 1 4 theme grapevine 227:235 arg1 mildew 243:248 grapevine downy mildew 227:248 grapevine downy mildew (GDM) 227:254 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 3 5 theme extracts 483:490 arg1 mixture 444:450 a mixture 442:450 a mixture 442:450 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 1 6 theme downy 237:241 arg1 GDM 251:253 GDM 251:253 GDM 251:253 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 1 6 theme downy 237:241 arg1 mildew 243:248 grapevine downy mildew 227:248 grapevine downy mildew (GDM) 227:254 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 6 7 theme copper 853:858 arg1 hydroxide 860:868 copper hydroxide 853:868 copper hydroxide 853:868 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 1 8 theme fungicide 117:125 arg1 use 127:129 Copper fungicide use 110:129 Copper fungicide use 110:129 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 0 9 theme Amino 98:102 arg1 Acid 104:107 Grape Amino Acid 92:107 Grape Amino Acid 92:107 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 28759217 0 10 theme Grape 92:96 arg1 Acid 104:107 Grape Amino Acid 92:107 Grape Amino Acid 92:107 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 28759217 3 11 theme Saccharomyces 469:481 arg1 extracts 483:490 Saccharomyces extracts 469:490 Saccharomyces extracts (LamE) 469:497 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 3 11 theme Saccharomyces 469:481 arg1 LamE 493:496 LamE 493:496 LamE 493:496 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 1 12 theme European 149:156 arg1 regulation 158:167 the European regulation 145:167 the European regulation 145:167 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 7 13 theme GDM 1100:1102 arg1 control 1104:1110 GDM control 1100:1110 GDM control 1100:1110 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 3 14 theme laminarin 455:463 arg1 mixture 444:450 a mixture 442:450 a mixture 442:450 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 2 15 from effects 304:310 arg1 composition 332:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 However, there is poor information about their effects on grape amino acid composition. 28759217 5 16 theme copper 751:756 arg1 hydroxide 758:766 copper hydroxide 751:766 copper hydroxide 751:766 Moreover, treatments that have mostly decreased these compounds are those with copper hydroxide, especially when applied individually. 28759217 4 17 theme amino 659:663 arg1 acids 665:669 several amino acids 651:669 several amino acids 651:669 The results showed that all the treatments applied to grapevines decreased the concentration of several amino acids. 28759217 2 18 theme acid 327:330 arg1 composition 332:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 However, there is poor information about their effects on grape amino acid composition. 28759217 3 19 theme acid 406:409 arg1 composition 411:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 6 20 theme acid 915:918 arg1 content 920:926 grape amino acid content 903:926 grape amino acid content 903:926 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 6 21 theme amino 909:913 arg1 content 920:926 grape amino acid content 903:926 grape amino acid content 903:926 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 7 22 theme grape 1011:1015 arg1 quality 1017:1023 grape quality 1011:1023 grape quality 1011:1023 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 3 23 theme grape 394:398 arg1 composition 411:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 1 24 theme new 181:183 arg1 strategies 185:194 new strategies 181:194 new strategies 181:194 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 6 25 contain had 870:872 arg1 LamE 807:810 LamE 807:810 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide 807:868 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 6 25 contain had 870:872 arg2 effect 893:898 the least negative effect 874:898 the least negative effect 874:898 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 6 26 theme grape 903:907 arg1 content 920:926 grape amino acid content 903:926 grape amino acid content 903:926 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 3 27 theme amino 400:404 arg1 composition 411:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 3 28 theme field 350:354 arg1 trial 356:360 This field trial 345:360 This field trial 345:360 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 7 29 theme copper 1001:1006 arg1 effects 990:996 the negative effects 977:996 the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control 977:1110 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 7 30 theme negative 981:988 arg1 effects 990:996 the negative effects 977:996 the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control 977:1110 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 4 31 theme several 651:657 arg1 acids 665:669 several amino acids 651:669 several amino acids 651:669 The results showed that all the treatments applied to grapevines decreased the concentration of several amino acids. 28759217 6 32 theme least 878:882 arg1 effect 893:898 the least negative effect 874:898 the least negative effect 874:898 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 3 33 theme different 511:519 arg1 strategies 521:530 different strategies 511:530 different strategies with copper hydroxide 511:552 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 6 34 theme negative 884:891 arg1 effect 893:898 the least negative effect 874:898 the least negative effect 874:898 LamE applied individually or alternately with copper hydroxide had the least negative effect on grape amino acid content. 28759217 1 35 theme Copper 110:115 arg1 use 127:129 Copper fungicide use 110:129 Copper fungicide use 110:129 Copper fungicide use is limited by the European regulation; therefore, new strategies have been developed to prevent grapevine downy mildew (GDM). 28759217 7 36 from effects 990:996 arg1 quality 1017:1023 grape quality 1011:1023 grape quality 1011:1023 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 2 37 theme poor 275:278 arg1 information 280:290 poor information 275:290 poor information about their effects on grape amino acid composition 275:342 However, there is poor information about their effects on grape amino acid composition. 28759217 4 38 theme acids 665:669 arg1 concentration 634:646 the concentration 630:646 the concentration of several amino acids 630:669 The results showed that all the treatments applied to grapevines decreased the concentration of several amino acids. 28759217 0 39 theme viticola 64:71 arg1 Control 73:79 Plasmopara viticola Control 53:79 Plasmopara viticola Control 53:79 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 28759217 0 40 from Effect 82:87 arg1 Acid 104:107 Grape Amino Acid 92:107 Grape Amino Acid 92:107 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 28759217 3 41 theme copper 537:542 arg1 hydroxide 544:552 copper hydroxide 537:552 copper hydroxide 537:552 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 7 42 theme further 951:957 arg1 information 959:969 further information 951:969 further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control 951:1110 These results provide further information about the negative effects of copper on grape quality, which can be reduced when it is used in strategy with LamE or chitosan in GDM control. 28759217 2 43 theme amino 321:325 arg1 composition 332:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 However, there is poor information about their effects on grape amino acid composition. 28759217 3 44 theme chitosan 426:433 arg1 effect 384:389 the effect 380:389 the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide 380:552 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 0 45 theme Plasmopara 53:62 arg1 Control 73:79 Plasmopara viticola Control 53:79 Plasmopara viticola Control 53:79 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 28759217 3 46 with strategies 521:530 arg1 hydroxide 544:552 copper hydroxide 537:552 copper hydroxide 537:552 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 0 47 dep Chitosan 0:7 arg1 Effect 82:87 Effect 82:87 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 0:108 Chitosan and Laminarin as Alternatives to Copper for Plasmopara viticola Control: Effect on Grape Amino Acid. 28759217 3 48 from effect 384:389 arg1 composition 411:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 grape amino acid composition 394:421 This field trial aimed to evaluate the effect on grape amino acid composition of chitosan and of a mixture of laminarin and Saccharomyces extracts (LamE), applied in different strategies with copper hydroxide. 28759217 2 49 theme grape 315:319 arg1 composition 332:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 grape amino acid composition 315:342 However, there is poor information about their effects on grape amino acid composition. 27474643 0 0 theme LM 76:77 arg1 pectin 79:84 LM pectin 76:84 LM pectin 76:84 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films based on LM pectin and sodium caseinate. 27474643 6 1 from increase 823:830 arg1 break 849:853 break 849:853 break (9.35±0.10%) 849:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 6 1 from increase 823:830 arg1 % 865:865 9.35±0.10% 856:865 9.35±0.10% 856:865 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 7 2 theme innovative 1016:1025 arg1 molecules 1055:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 These findings show that interactions between LMP and CAS can be used to develop innovative packaging containing active molecules. 27474643 2 3 theme CAS/LMP 312:318 arg1 ratio 320:324 a CAS/LMP ratio 310:324 a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value 310:413 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 5 4 theme electrostatic 691:703 arg1 complexes 705:713 electrostatic complexes 691:713 electrostatic complexes 691:713 The mechanical properties of films were highly influenced by the formation of electrostatic complexes. 27474643 6 5 from break 849:853 arg1 increase 823:830 a slight increase 814:830 a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 814:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 6 5 from break 849:853 arg1 elongation 835:844 elongation 835:844 elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 835:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 7 6 theme packaging 1027:1035 arg1 molecules 1055:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 These findings show that interactions between LMP and CAS can be used to develop innovative packaging containing active molecules. 27474643 3 7 theme films 440:444 arg1 properties 426:435 the properties 422:435 the properties of films based on these complex coacervates 422:479 Then, the properties of films based on these complex coacervates were studied. 27474643 6 8 theme CAS/LMP 906:912 arg1 ratio 914:918 a CAS/LMP ratio 904:918 a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05 904:932 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 6 9 theme elongation 835:844 arg1 increase 823:830 a slight increase 814:830 a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 814:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 1 10 theme sodium 129:134 arg1 CAS 147:149 CAS 147:149 CAS 147:149 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 1 10 theme sodium 129:134 arg1 caseinate 136:144 sodium caseinate 129:144 sodium caseinate (CAS) 129:150 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 7 11 used used 1000:1003 arg2 interactions 960:971 interactions 960:971 interactions between LMP and CAS 960:991 These findings show that interactions between LMP and CAS can be used to develop innovative packaging containing active molecules. 27474643 0 12 theme sodium 90:95 arg1 caseinate 97:105 sodium caseinate 90:105 sodium caseinate 90:105 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films based on LM pectin and sodium caseinate. 27474643 6 13 theme slight 816:821 arg1 increase 823:830 a slight increase 814:830 a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 814:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 7 14 theme containing 1037:1046 arg1 molecules 1055:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 These findings show that interactions between LMP and CAS can be used to develop innovative packaging containing active molecules. 27474643 3 15 theme complex 461:467 arg1 coacervates 469:479 these complex coacervates 455:479 these complex coacervates 455:479 Then, the properties of films based on these complex coacervates were studied. 27474643 1 16 theme low 156:158 arg1 LMP 177:179 LMP 177:179 LMP 177:179 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 1 16 theme low 156:158 arg1 pectin 169:174 low methoxyl pectin 156:174 low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 156:180 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 6 17 theme Young 738:742 arg1 modulus 746:752 Young's modulus 738:752 Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) 738:770 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 6 17 theme Young 738:742 arg1 6.48MPa 763:769 182.97± 6.48MPa 755:769 182.97± 6.48MPa 755:769 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 2 18 theme complex 276:282 arg1 coacervates 284:294 complex coacervates 276:294 complex coacervates 276:294 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 1 19 theme methoxyl 160:167 arg1 LMP 177:179 LMP 177:179 LMP 177:179 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 1 19 theme methoxyl 160:167 arg1 pectin 169:174 low methoxyl pectin 156:174 low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 156:180 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 0 20 theme Complex 0:6 arg1 coacervation 8:19 Complex coacervation 0:19 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films 0:65 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films based on LM pectin and sodium caseinate. 27474643 1 21 theme protein/polysaccharide 224:245 arg1 ratio 247:251 protein/polysaccharide ratio 224:251 protein/polysaccharide ratio 224:251 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 2 22 theme 2 329:329 arg1 ratio 320:324 a CAS/LMP ratio 310:324 a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value 310:413 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 1 23 theme ratio 247:251 arg1 function 212:219 a function 210:219 a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio 210:251 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 1 23 theme ratio 247:251 arg1 Coacervation 108:119 Coacervation 108:119 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 108:188 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 2 24 from ratio 320:324 arg1 value 356:360 the ζ-potential value 340:360 the ζ-potential value 340:360 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 2 24 from ratio 320:324 arg1 zero 366:369 zero 366:369 zero 366:369 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 2 25 theme highest 258:264 arg1 amount 266:271 The highest amount 254:271 The highest amount of complex coacervates 254:294 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 2 25 theme highest 258:264 arg1 coacervates 284:294 complex coacervates 276:294 complex coacervates 276:294 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 4 26 theme films 567:571 arg1 content 537:543 water content 531:543 water content 531:543 Coacervation resulted in decreasing water content and water sorption of films as the protein concentration increased. 27474643 4 26 theme films 567:571 arg1 sorption 555:562 water sorption 549:562 water sorption 549:562 Coacervation resulted in decreasing water content and water sorption of films as the protein concentration increased. 27474643 6 27 with strength 784:791 arg1 increase 823:830 a slight increase 814:830 a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 814:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 4 28 theme protein 580:586 arg1 concentration 588:600 the protein concentration 576:600 the protein concentration 576:600 Coacervation resulted in decreasing water content and water sorption of films as the protein concentration increased. 27474643 6 29 theme highest 720:726 arg1 values 728:733 The highest values 716:733 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 716:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 2 30 theme ζ-potential 344:354 arg1 value 356:360 the ζ-potential value 340:360 the ζ-potential value 340:360 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 2 30 theme ζ-potential 344:354 arg1 zero 366:369 zero 366:369 zero 366:369 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 0 31 theme edible 54:59 arg1 films 61:65 composite edible films 44:65 composite edible films 44:65 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films based on LM pectin and sodium caseinate. 27474643 6 32 with modulus 746:752 arg1 increase 823:830 a slight increase 814:830 a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) 814:866 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 5 33 theme mechanical 617:626 arg1 properties 628:637 The mechanical properties 613:637 The mechanical properties of films 613:646 The mechanical properties of films were highly influenced by the formation of electrostatic complexes. 27474643 0 34 theme films 61:65 arg1 development 29:39 the development 25:39 the development of composite edible films 25:65 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films based on LM pectin and sodium caseinate. 27474643 0 35 theme composite 44:52 arg1 films 61:65 composite edible films 44:65 composite edible films 44:65 Complex coacervation for the development of composite edible films based on LM pectin and sodium caseinate. 27474643 1 36 from pH 185:186 arg1 function 212:219 a function 210:219 a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio 210:251 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 1 36 from pH 185:186 arg1 Coacervation 108:119 Coacervation 108:119 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 108:188 Coacervation between sodium caseinate (CAS) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) at pH 3 was investigated as a function of protein/polysaccharide ratio. 27474643 6 37 theme tensile 776:782 arg1 15.64±1.74MPa 794:806 15.64±1.74MPa 794:806 15.64±1.74MPa 794:806 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 6 37 theme tensile 776:782 arg1 strength 784:791 tensile strength 776:791 tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) 776:807 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 27474643 7 38 theme active 1048:1053 arg1 molecules 1055:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 innovative packaging containing active molecules 1016:1063 These findings show that interactions between LMP and CAS can be used to develop innovative packaging containing active molecules. 27474643 4 39 theme water 549:553 arg1 sorption 555:562 water sorption 549:562 water sorption 549:562 Coacervation resulted in decreasing water content and water sorption of films as the protein concentration increased. 27474643 5 40 theme films 642:646 arg1 properties 628:637 The mechanical properties 613:637 The mechanical properties of films 613:646 The mechanical properties of films were highly influenced by the formation of electrostatic complexes. 27474643 2 41 theme coacervates 284:294 arg1 amount 266:271 The highest amount 254:271 The highest amount of complex coacervates 254:294 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 2 41 theme coacervates 284:294 arg1 coacervates 284:294 complex coacervates 276:294 complex coacervates 276:294 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 5 42 theme complexes 705:713 arg1 formation 678:686 the formation 674:686 the formation of electrostatic complexes 674:713 The mechanical properties of films were highly influenced by the formation of electrostatic complexes. 27474643 4 43 theme water 531:535 arg1 content 537:543 water content 531:543 water content 531:543 Coacervation resulted in decreasing water content and water sorption of films as the protein concentration increased. 27474643 2 44 theme highest 401:407 arg1 value 409:413 its highest value 397:413 its highest value 397:413 The highest amount of complex coacervates was formed at a CAS/LMP ratio of 2 at which the ζ-potential value was zero and the turbidity reached its highest value. 27474643 6 45 theme equal 920:924 arg1 ratio 914:918 a CAS/LMP ratio 904:918 a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05 904:932 The highest values of Young's modulus (182.97± 6.48MPa) and tensile strength (15.64±1.74MPa) with a slight increase of elongation at break (9.35±0.10%) were obtained for films prepared at a CAS/LMP ratio equal to 0.05. 25483821 0 0 theme transparent 73:83 arg1 materials 97:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 5 1 theme Dried 898:902 arg1 ChNFs 904:908 Dried ChNFs 898:908 Dried ChNFs 898:908 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 1 2 from biopolymer 143:152 arg1 nature 157:162 nature 157:162 nature 157:162 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 2 3 theme antibacterial 357:369 arg1 activity 371:378 antibacterial activity 357:378 antibacterial activity 357:378 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 0 4 theme barrier 89:95 arg1 materials 97:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 5 5 theme barrer 1025:1030 arg1 permeabilities 991:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 3 6 theme homogenization 546:559 arg1 route 561:565 a high pressure homogenization route 530:565 a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 530:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 6 7 theme sustainable 1145:1155 arg1 packaging 1165:1173 sustainable barrier packaging 1145:1173 sustainable barrier packaging 1145:1173 Combined with high flexibility and optical transparency, these materials are ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging. 25483821 1 8 theme reinforced 247:256 arg1 composites 258:267 reinforced composites 247:267 reinforced composites 247:267 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 0 9 theme gas 85:87 arg1 materials 97:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 5 10 theme reported 971:978 arg1 permeabilities 991:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 5 11 theme chitin 934:939 arg1 films 941:945 pure self-standing chitin films 915:945 pure self-standing chitin films 915:945 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 4 12 with ChNFs 704:708 arg1 nm 728:729 diameter ∼20 nm 715:729 diameter ∼20 nm 715:729 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm do not form strong network structures under conditions explored herein and can be directly processed into useful materials, bypassing the need to dissolve the chitin. 25483821 3 13 theme high 532:535 arg1 route 561:565 a high pressure homogenization route 530:565 a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 530:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 6 14 theme optical 1082:1088 arg1 transparency 1090:1101 optical transparency 1082:1101 optical transparency 1082:1101 Combined with high flexibility and optical transparency, these materials are ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging. 25483821 6 15 theme ideal 1124:1128 arg1 materials 1110:1118 these materials 1104:1118 these materials 1104:1118 Combined with high flexibility and optical transparency, these materials are ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging. 25483821 6 15 theme ideal 1124:1128 arg1 candidates 1130:1139 ideal candidates 1124:1139 ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging 1124:1173 Combined with high flexibility and optical transparency, these materials are ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging. 25483821 0 16 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 route 7:11 Facile route 0:11 Facile route 0:11 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 2 17 theme molecular 444:452 arg1 interactions 454:465 strong molecular interactions 437:465 strong molecular interactions 437:465 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 3 18 theme pure 578:581 arg1 ChNFs 602:606 ChNFs 602:606 ChNFs 602:606 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 3 18 theme pure 578:581 arg1 nanofibers 590:599 pure chitin nanofibers 578:599 pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 578:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 2 19 theme strong 437:442 arg1 interactions 454:465 strong molecular interactions 437:465 strong molecular interactions 437:465 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 2 20 theme attractive 306:315 arg1 biodegradability 339:354 biodegradability 339:354 biodegradability 339:354 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 2 20 theme attractive 306:315 arg1 activity 371:378 antibacterial activity 357:378 antibacterial activity 357:378 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 2 20 theme attractive 306:315 arg1 strength 390:397 high strength 385:397 high strength 385:397 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 2 20 theme attractive 306:315 arg1 properties 317:326 attractive properties 306:326 attractive properties 306:326 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 1 21 theme tremendous 172:181 arg1 potential 183:191 tremendous potential 172:191 tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering 172:295 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 4 22 theme network 750:756 arg1 structures 758:767 strong network structures 743:767 strong network structures 743:767 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm do not form strong network structures under conditions explored herein and can be directly processed into useful materials, bypassing the need to dissolve the chitin. 25483821 5 23 theme to-date 963:969 arg1 permeabilities 991:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 3 24 theme chitin 583:588 arg1 ChNFs 602:606 ChNFs 602:606 ChNFs 602:606 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 3 24 theme chitin 583:588 arg1 nanofibers 590:599 pure chitin nanofibers 578:599 pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 578:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 1 25 theme biomedical 274:283 arg1 engineering 285:295 biomedical engineering 274:295 biomedical engineering 274:295 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 1 26 from potential 183:191 arg1 materials 206:214 renewable materials 196:214 renewable materials 196:214 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 4 27 theme strong 743:748 arg1 structures 758:767 strong network structures 743:767 strong network structures 743:767 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm do not form strong network structures under conditions explored herein and can be directly processed into useful materials, bypassing the need to dissolve the chitin. 25483821 5 28 theme pure 915:918 arg1 films 941:945 pure self-standing chitin films 915:945 pure self-standing chitin films 915:945 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 1 29 contain has 168:170 arg1 Chitin 108:113 Chitin 108:113 Chitin 108:113 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 1 29 contain has 168:170 arg1 biopolymer 143:152 the second most abundant biopolymer 118:152 the second most abundant biopolymer in nature 118:162 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 1 29 contain has 168:170 arg2 potential 183:191 tremendous potential 172:191 tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering 172:295 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 2 30 theme high 385:388 arg1 strength 390:397 high strength 385:397 high strength 385:397 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 1 31 theme renewable 196:204 arg1 materials 206:214 renewable materials 196:214 renewable materials 196:214 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 0 32 theme chitin 24:29 arg1 nanofibers 31:40 chitin nanofibers 24:40 chitin nanofibers 24:40 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 0 32 theme chitin 24:29 arg1 precursors 45:54 precursors 45:54 precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 45:105 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 3 33 theme acidic 632:637 arg1 dispersion 647:656 a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion 623:656 a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 623:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 3 34 theme aqueous 639:645 arg1 dispersion 647:656 a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion 623:656 a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 623:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 4 35 theme useful 837:842 arg1 materials 844:852 useful materials 837:852 useful materials 837:852 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm do not form strong network structures under conditions explored herein and can be directly processed into useful materials, bypassing the need to dissolve the chitin. 25483821 6 36 theme high 1061:1064 arg1 flexibility 1066:1076 high flexibility 1061:1076 high flexibility 1061:1076 Combined with high flexibility and optical transparency, these materials are ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging. 25483821 3 37 theme α-chitin 675:682 arg1 dispersion 647:656 a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion 623:656 a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 623:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 2 38 used utilized 414:421 arg2 chitin 400:405 chitin 400:405 chitin 400:405 Despite attractive properties, including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and high strength, chitin is not utilized widely due to strong molecular interactions, which make solubilization and processing difficult. 25483821 4 39 theme diameter 715:722 arg1 nm 728:729 diameter ∼20 nm 715:729 diameter ∼20 nm 715:729 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm do not form strong network structures under conditions explored herein and can be directly processed into useful materials, bypassing the need to dissolve the chitin. 25483821 5 40 theme CO2 987:989 arg1 permeabilities 991:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 5 41 theme self-standing 920:932 arg1 films 941:945 pure self-standing chitin films 915:945 pure self-standing chitin films 915:945 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 6 42 theme barrier 1157:1163 arg1 packaging 1165:1173 sustainable barrier packaging 1145:1173 sustainable barrier packaging 1145:1173 Combined with high flexibility and optical transparency, these materials are ideal candidates for sustainable barrier packaging. 25483821 3 43 theme pressure 537:544 arg1 route 561:565 a high pressure homogenization route 530:565 a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin 530:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 3 44 theme purified 661:668 arg1 α-chitin 675:682 purified crab α-chitin 661:682 purified crab α-chitin 661:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 5 45 theme O2 980:981 arg1 permeabilities 991:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities 952:1004 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 1 46 theme second 122:127 arg1 Chitin 108:113 Chitin 108:113 Chitin 108:113 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 1 46 theme second 122:127 arg1 biopolymer 143:152 the second most abundant biopolymer 118:152 the second most abundant biopolymer in nature 118:162 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 5 47 dep to-date 963:969 arg1 lowest 956:961 lowest 956:961 lowest 956:961 Dried ChNFs form pure self-standing chitin films with the lowest to-date reported O2 and CO2 permeabilities of 0.006 and 0.018 barrer, respectively. 25483821 0 48 theme flexible 60:67 arg1 materials 97:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 flexible and transparent gas barrier materials 60:105 Facile route to produce chitin nanofibers as precursors for flexible and transparent gas barrier materials. 25483821 3 49 theme crab 670:673 arg1 α-chitin 675:682 purified crab α-chitin 661:682 purified crab α-chitin 661:682 We report a high pressure homogenization route to produce pure chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) starting with a mildly acidic aqueous dispersion of purified crab α-chitin. 25483821 4 50 theme well-dispersed 689:702 arg1 ChNFs 704:708 The well-dispersed ChNFs 685:708 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm 685:729 The well-dispersed ChNFs with diameter ∼20 nm do not form strong network structures under conditions explored herein and can be directly processed into useful materials, bypassing the need to dissolve the chitin. 25483821 1 51 theme abundant 134:141 arg1 Chitin 108:113 Chitin 108:113 Chitin 108:113 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 1 51 theme abundant 134:141 arg1 biopolymer 143:152 the second most abundant biopolymer 118:152 the second most abundant biopolymer in nature 118:162 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 25483821 1 52 theme energy 231:236 arg1 storage 238:244 energy storage 231:244 energy storage 231:244 Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and has tremendous potential in renewable materials for packaging, energy storage, reinforced composites, and biomedical engineering. 26754945 6 0 theme gene 1131:1134 arg1 sequences 1136:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 14 1 theme competition 2226:2236 arg1 outcome 2202:2208 the outcome 2198:2208 the outcome of interspecies competition 2198:2236 Furthermore, the gut environment, especially pH, plays a key role in determining the outcome of interspecies competition. 26754945 15 2 theme bacteria 2313:2320 arg1 range 2304:2308 the range 2300:2308 the range of bacteria that may be stimulated by a given prebiotic approach 2300:2373 This makes it crucial to put greater effort into identifying the range of bacteria that may be stimulated by a given prebiotic approach. 26754945 6 3 theme Community 947:955 arg1 analysis 957:964 Community analysis 947:964 Community analysis 947:964 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 11 4 theme as 1673:1674 arg1 sequences 1689:1697 as the dominant sequences 1673:1697 as the dominant sequences 1673:1697 as the dominant sequences observed. 26754945 9 5 theme stepped 1443:1449 arg1 up 1451:1452 stepped up 1443:1452 stepped up 1443:1452 Responses were influenced by pH, which was stepped up, and down, between 5.5, 6.0, 6.4 and 6.9 in parallel vessels within each experiment. 26754945 12 6 theme inulin-fed 1771:1780 arg1 fermentors 1782:1791 the inulin-fed fermentors 1767:1791 the inulin-fed fermentors 1767:1791 Community diversity was greater in the pectin-fed than in the inulin-fed fermentors, presumably reflecting the differing complexity of the two substrates. 26754945 3 7 theme faecal 539:544 arg1 microbiota 546:555 the human faecal microbiota 529:555 the human faecal microbiota 529:555 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 15 8 dep put 2264:2266 arg1 crucial 2253:2259 crucial 2253:2259 crucial 2253:2259 This makes it crucial to put greater effort into identifying the range of bacteria that may be stimulated by a given prebiotic approach. 26754945 13 9 theme gut 1985:1987 arg1 microbiota 1989:1998 the gut microbiota 1981:1998 the gut microbiota 1981:1998 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 8 10 theme Eubacterium 1284:1294 arg1 eligens 1296:1302 Eubacterium eligens 1284:1302 Eubacterium eligens in particular 1284:1316 Among the Firmicutes, Eubacterium eligens in particular was strongly promoted by pectin, while several species were stimulated by inulin. 26754945 14 11 theme key 2174:2176 arg1 role 2178:2181 a key role 2172:2181 a key role 2172:2181 Furthermore, the gut environment, especially pH, plays a key role in determining the outcome of interspecies competition. 26754945 5 12 theme human 859:863 arg1 communities 879:889 three different human gut microbial communities 843:889 three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 843:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 5 13 dep RESULTS 755:761 arg1 supplied 766:773 supplied 766:773 supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 766:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 5 14 theme microbial 869:877 arg1 communities 879:889 three different human gut microbial communities 843:889 three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 843:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 6 15 theme apple 988:992 arg1 pectin 994:999 apple pectin 988:999 apple pectin 988:999 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 16 16 theme prebiotics 2439:2448 arg1 development 2424:2434 the development 2420:2434 the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health 2420:2481 Both for reasons of efficacy and of safety, the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health has to take account of the highly individual species profiles that may result. 26754945 15 17 theme given 2350:2354 arg1 approach 2366:2373 a given prebiotic approach 2348:2373 a given prebiotic approach 2348:2373 This makes it crucial to put greater effort into identifying the range of bacteria that may be stimulated by a given prebiotic approach. 26754945 4 18 theme pH 730:731 arg1 conditions 716:725 highly controlled conditions 698:725 highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply 698:752 There is now potential to gain insights into the mechanisms involved by using in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply. 26754945 13 19 theme enormous 1948:1955 arg1 potential 1957:1965 enormous potential 1948:1965 enormous potential 1948:1965 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 1 20 theme specific 115:122 arg1 carbohydrates 139:151 specific non-digestible carbohydrates 115:151 specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) 115:174 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 6 21 theme bacterial 1068:1076 arg1 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 6 21 theme bacterial 1068:1076 arg1 units 1100:1104 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 1 22 dep composition 249:259 arg1 the 245:247 the 245:247 the 245:247 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 5 23 from communities 879:889 arg1 fermentors 935:944 anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 894:944 anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 894:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 5 24 theme continuous-flow 919:933 arg1 fermentors 935:944 anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 894:944 anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 894:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 15 25 theme greater 2268:2274 arg1 effort 2276:2281 greater effort 2268:2281 greater effort 2268:2281 This makes it crucial to put greater effort into identifying the range of bacteria that may be stimulated by a given prebiotic approach. 26754945 13 26 theme non-digestible 1906:1919 arg1 carbohydrates 1929:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 13 27 theme a 2107:2107 arg1 priori 2109:2114 a priori 2107:2114 a priori 2107:2114 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 6 28 theme specific 1034:1041 arg1 enrichment 1043:1052 the highly specific enrichment 1023:1052 the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1023:1145 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 13 29 contain have 1943:1946 arg1 carbohydrates 1929:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 13 29 contain have 1943:1946 arg2 potential 1957:1965 enormous potential 1948:1965 enormous potential 1948:1965 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 4 30 theme supply 747:752 arg1 conditions 716:725 highly controlled conditions 698:725 highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply 698:752 There is now potential to gain insights into the mechanisms involved by using in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply. 26754945 0 31 theme species 71:77 arg1 level 79:83 the species level 67:83 the species level 67:83 Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level. 26754945 13 32 theme species 2070:2076 arg1 level 2038:2042 the level 2034:2042 the level of individual strains and species 2034:2076 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 6 33 dep OTUs 1107:1110 arg1 based 1113:1117 based 1113:1117 based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1113:1144 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 10 34 theme Bacteroides 1656:1666 arg1 spp 1668:1670 Bacteroides spp 1656:1670 Bacteroides spp 1656:1670 In particular, several experiments involving downshifts to pH 5.5 resulted in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii replacing Bacteroides spp. 26754945 5 35 theme alternative 779:789 arg1 polysaccharides 806:820 two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides 775:820 two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides 775:820 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 5 35 theme alternative 779:789 arg1 sources 832:838 energy sources 825:838 energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 825:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 16 36 theme species 2528:2534 arg1 profiles 2536:2543 the highly individual species profiles 2506:2543 the highly individual species profiles that may result 2506:2559 Both for reasons of efficacy and of safety, the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health has to take account of the highly individual species profiles that may result. 26754945 4 37 theme substrate 737:745 arg1 supply 747:752 substrate supply 737:752 substrate supply 737:752 There is now potential to gain insights into the mechanisms involved by using in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply. 26754945 2 38 theme global 376:381 arg1 response 383:390 the global response 372:390 the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates 372:445 Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates. 26754945 3 39 theme dietary 463:469 arg1 studies 471:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies 448:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies 448:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 1 40 theme human 283:287 arg1 microbiota 293:302 the human gut microbiota 279:302 the human gut microbiota 279:302 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 86:95 arg1 intake 105:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake 86:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) 86:174 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 86:95 arg1 approach 219:226 a highly effective approach 200:226 a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health 200:320 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 2 42 theme microbial 399:407 arg1 community 409:417 the microbial community 395:417 the microbial community 395:417 Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates. 26754945 5 43 dep anaerobic 894:902 arg1 pH-controlled 905:917 pH-controlled 905:917 pH-controlled 905:917 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 3 44 theme in 455:456 arg1 studies 471:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies 448:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies 448:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 0 45 theme gut 24:26 arg1 microbiota 28:37 the human gut microbiota 14:37 the human gut microbiota 14:37 Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level. 26754945 1 46 theme microbiota 293:302 arg1 composition 249:259 composition 249:259 composition 249:259 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 1 46 theme microbiota 293:302 arg1 activities 265:274 activities 265:274 activities 265:274 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 5 47 theme non-digestible 791:804 arg1 polysaccharides 806:820 two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides 775:820 two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides 775:820 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 5 47 theme non-digestible 791:804 arg1 sources 832:838 energy sources 825:838 energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 825:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 6 48 theme taxonomic 1090:1098 arg1 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 6 48 theme taxonomic 1090:1098 arg1 units 1100:1104 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 13 49 theme individual 2047:2056 arg1 strains 2058:2064 individual strains 2047:2064 individual strains 2047:2064 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 7 50 theme abundant 1166:1173 arg1 OTUs 1187:1190 the eight most abundant Bacteroides OTUs 1151:1190 the eight most abundant Bacteroides OTUs detected 1151:1199 Of the eight most abundant Bacteroides OTUs detected, two were promoted specifically by inulin and six by pectin. 26754945 16 51 theme profiles 2536:2543 arg1 account 2495:2501 account 2495:2501 account of the highly individual species profiles that may result 2495:2559 Both for reasons of efficacy and of safety, the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health has to take account of the highly individual species profiles that may result. 26754945 16 52 theme efficacy 2396:2403 arg1 reasons 2385:2391 reasons 2385:2391 reasons of efficacy 2385:2403 Both for reasons of efficacy and of safety, the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health has to take account of the highly individual species profiles that may result. 26754945 1 53 theme effective 209:217 arg1 approach 219:226 a highly effective approach 200:226 a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health 200:320 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 1 53 theme effective 209:217 arg1 intake 105:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake 86:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) 86:174 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 16 54 theme individual 2517:2526 arg1 species 2528:2534 highly individual species 2510:2534 the highly individual species profiles that may result 2506:2559 Both for reasons of efficacy and of safety, the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health has to take account of the highly individual species profiles that may result. 26754945 4 55 dep in 668:669 arg1 vitro 671:675 vitro 671:675 vitro 671:675 There is now potential to gain insights into the mechanisms involved by using in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply. 26754945 1 56 theme carbohydrates 139:151 arg1 intake 105:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake 86:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) 86:174 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 1 56 theme carbohydrates 139:151 arg1 approach 219:226 a highly effective approach 200:226 a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health 200:320 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 16 57 theme human 2470:2474 arg1 health 2476:2481 human health 2470:2481 human health 2470:2481 Both for reasons of efficacy and of safety, the development of prebiotics intended to benefit human health has to take account of the highly individual species profiles that may result. 26754945 3 58 theme species 506:512 arg1 composition 514:524 the species composition 502:524 the species composition of the human faecal microbiota 502:555 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 6 59 theme rRNA 1126:1129 arg1 sequences 1136:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 10 60 theme several 1554:1560 arg1 experiments 1562:1572 several experiments 1554:1572 several experiments involving downshifts to pH 5.5 1554:1603 In particular, several experiments involving downshifts to pH 5.5 resulted in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii replacing Bacteroides spp. 26754945 3 61 theme microbiota 546:555 arg1 composition 514:524 the species composition 502:524 the species composition of the human faecal microbiota 502:555 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 3 62 theme human 533:537 arg1 microbiota 546:555 the human faecal microbiota 529:555 the human faecal microbiota 529:555 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 9 63 from 6.4 1483:1485 arg1 vessels 1507:1513 parallel vessels 1498:1513 parallel vessels within each experiment 1498:1536 Responses were influenced by pH, which was stepped up, and down, between 5.5, 6.0, 6.4 and 6.9 in parallel vessels within each experiment. 26754945 3 64 theme dietary 574:580 arg1 intake 582:587 dietary intake 574:587 dietary intake 574:587 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 5 65 theme anaerobic 894:902 arg1 fermentors 935:944 anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 894:944 anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 894:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 4 66 theme in 668:669 arg1 systems 677:683 in vitro systems 668:683 in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply 668:752 There is now potential to gain insights into the mechanisms involved by using in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply. 26754945 5 67 theme different 849:857 arg1 communities 879:889 three different human gut microbial communities 843:889 three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 843:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 6 68 theme inulin 1004:1009 arg1 supply 978:983 supply 978:983 supply of apple pectin or inulin 978:1009 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 5 69 theme gut 865:867 arg1 communities 879:889 three different human gut microbial communities 843:889 three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 843:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 6 70 theme pectin 994:999 arg1 supply 978:983 supply 978:983 supply of apple pectin or inulin 978:1009 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 1 71 theme Dietary 97:103 arg1 intake 105:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake 86:110 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) 86:174 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 1 71 theme Dietary 97:103 arg1 approach 219:226 a highly effective approach 200:226 a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health 200:320 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 4 72 theme controlled 705:714 arg1 conditions 716:725 highly controlled conditions 698:725 highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply 698:752 There is now potential to gain insights into the mechanisms involved by using in vitro systems that produce highly controlled conditions of pH and substrate supply. 26754945 15 73 theme prebiotic 2356:2364 arg1 approach 2366:2373 a given prebiotic approach 2348:2373 a given prebiotic approach 2348:2373 This makes it crucial to put greater effort into identifying the range of bacteria that may be stimulated by a given prebiotic approach. 26754945 0 74 theme microbiota 28:37 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres 0:55 Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level. 26754945 12 75 theme Community 1709:1717 arg1 diversity 1719:1727 Community diversity 1709:1727 Community diversity 1709:1727 Community diversity was greater in the pectin-fed than in the inulin-fed fermentors, presumably reflecting the differing complexity of the two substrates. 26754945 6 76 theme operational 1078:1088 arg1 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 6 76 theme operational 1078:1088 arg1 units 1100:1104 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 8 77 from eligens 1296:1302 arg1 particular 1307:1316 particular 1307:1316 particular 1307:1316 Among the Firmicutes, Eubacterium eligens in particular was strongly promoted by pectin, while several species were stimulated by inulin. 26754945 1 78 theme non-digestible 124:137 arg1 carbohydrates 139:151 specific non-digestible carbohydrates 115:151 specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) 115:174 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 6 79 theme particular 1057:1066 arg1 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 OTUs 1107:1110 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 6 79 theme particular 1057:1066 arg1 units 1100:1104 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1057:1145 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 13 80 theme particular 1895:1904 arg1 carbohydrates 1929:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 9 81 theme parallel 1498:1505 arg1 vessels 1507:1513 parallel vessels 1498:1513 parallel vessels within each experiment 1498:1536 Responses were influenced by pH, which was stepped up, and down, between 5.5, 6.0, 6.4 and 6.9 in parallel vessels within each experiment. 26754945 13 82 theme dietary 1921:1927 arg1 carbohydrates 1929:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates 1895:1941 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 14 83 theme gut 2134:2136 arg1 environment 2138:2148 the gut environment 2130:2148 the gut environment 2130:2148 Furthermore, the gut environment, especially pH, plays a key role in determining the outcome of interspecies competition. 26754945 14 83 theme gut 2134:2136 arg1 pH 2162:2163 pH 2162:2163 especially pH 2151:2163 Furthermore, the gut environment, especially pH, plays a key role in determining the outcome of interspecies competition. 26754945 8 84 theme several 1357:1363 arg1 species 1365:1371 several species 1357:1371 several species 1357:1371 Among the Firmicutes, Eubacterium eligens in particular was strongly promoted by pectin, while several species were stimulated by inulin. 26754945 6 85 theme 16S 1122:1124 arg1 sequences 1136:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 3 86 theme Recent 448:453 arg1 studies 471:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies 448:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies 448:477 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 5 87 theme energy 825:830 arg1 polysaccharides 806:820 two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides 775:820 two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides 775:820 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 5 87 theme energy 825:830 arg1 sources 832:838 energy sources 825:838 energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors 825:944 RESULTS We supplied two alternative non-digestible polysaccharides as energy sources to three different human gut microbial communities in anaerobic, pH-controlled continuous-flow fermentors. 26754945 0 88 theme human 18:22 arg1 microbiota 28:37 the human gut microbiota 14:37 the human gut microbiota 14:37 Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level. 26754945 2 89 theme particular 422:431 arg1 carbohydrates 433:445 particular carbohydrates 422:445 particular carbohydrates 422:445 Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates. 26754945 1 90 dep carbohydrates 139:151 arg1 including 154:162 including 154:162 including prebiotics 154:173 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 2 91 theme community 409:417 arg1 response 383:390 the global response 372:390 the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates 372:445 Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates. 26754945 7 92 theme Bacteroides 1175:1185 arg1 OTUs 1187:1190 the eight most abundant Bacteroides OTUs 1151:1190 the eight most abundant Bacteroides OTUs detected 1151:1199 Of the eight most abundant Bacteroides OTUs detected, two were promoted specifically by inulin and six by pectin. 26754945 1 93 theme gut 289:291 arg1 microbiota 293:302 the human gut microbiota 279:302 the human gut microbiota 279:302 BACKGROUND Dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. 26754945 6 94 theme units 1100:1104 arg1 enrichment 1043:1052 the highly specific enrichment 1023:1052 the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) 1023:1145 Community analysis showed that supply of apple pectin or inulin resulted in the highly specific enrichment of particular bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs; based on 16S rRNA gene sequences). 26754945 11 95 theme dominant 1680:1687 arg1 sequences 1689:1697 as the dominant sequences 1673:1697 as the dominant sequences 1673:1697 as the dominant sequences observed. 26754945 0 96 theme dietary 42:48 arg1 fibres 50:55 dietary fibres 42:55 dietary fibres 42:55 Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level. 26754945 12 97 theme substrates 1852:1861 arg1 complexity 1830:1839 the differing complexity 1816:1839 the differing complexity of the two substrates 1816:1861 Community diversity was greater in the pectin-fed than in the inulin-fed fermentors, presumably reflecting the differing complexity of the two substrates. 26754945 12 98 theme differing 1820:1828 arg1 complexity 1830:1839 the differing complexity 1816:1839 the differing complexity of the two substrates 1816:1861 Community diversity was greater in the pectin-fed than in the inulin-fed fermentors, presumably reflecting the differing complexity of the two substrates. 26754945 13 99 theme strains 2058:2064 arg1 level 2038:2042 the level 2034:2042 the level of individual strains and species 2034:2076 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26754945 3 100 dep in 455:456 arg1 vivo 458:461 vivo 458:461 vivo 458:461 Recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. 26754945 14 101 theme interspecies 2213:2224 arg1 competition 2226:2236 interspecies competition 2213:2236 interspecies competition 2213:2236 Furthermore, the gut environment, especially pH, plays a key role in determining the outcome of interspecies competition. 26754945 13 102 dep CONCLUSIONS 1864:1874 arg1 shown 1884:1888 shown 1884:1888 have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori 1879:2114 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that particular non-digestible dietary carbohydrates have enormous potential for modifying the gut microbiota, but these modifications occur at the level of individual strains and species and are not easily predicted a priori. 26249575 5 0 from differentiation 858:872 arg1 scaffolds 900:908 three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 877:908 three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 877:908 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 4 1 theme matrix 761:766 arg1 UBM 769:771 UBM 769:771 UBM 769:771 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 1 theme matrix 761:766 arg1 solution 711:718 a gelatin solution 701:718 a gelatin solution 701:718 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 1 theme matrix 761:766 arg1 form 737:740 a particulate form 723:740 a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM) 723:772 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 2 theme hydrogel 643:650 arg1 features 619:626 constitutive features 606:626 constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM) 606:772 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 2 theme hydrogel 643:650 arg1 morphology 590:599 morphology 590:599 morphology 590:599 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 2 theme hydrogel 643:650 arg1 dimensions 578:587 the dimensions 574:587 the dimensions 574:587 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 3 theme bladder 753:759 arg1 matrix 761:766 urinary bladder matrix 745:766 urinary bladder matrix 745:766 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 4 theme composite 633:641 arg1 hydrogel 643:650 a composite hydrogel 631:650 a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM) 631:772 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 3 5 theme present 395:401 arg1 work 403:406 The present work 391:406 The present work 391:406 The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. 26249575 2 6 theme apatite 291:297 arg1 materials 275:283 Currently proposed inorganic materials 246:283 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) 246:307 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 2 6 theme apatite 291:297 arg1 matrixes 299:306 apatite matrixes 291:306 apatite matrixes 291:306 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 5 7 dep three-dimensional 877:893 arg1 3D 896:897 3D 896:897 3D 896:897 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 1 8 theme distinctive 182:192 arg1 features 194:201 distinctive features 182:201 distinctive features mimicking natural tissue 182:226 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 1 9 with composites 152:161 arg1 features 194:201 distinctive features 182:201 distinctive features mimicking natural tissue 182:226 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 5 10 theme three-dimensional 877:893 arg1 scaffolds 900:908 three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 877:908 three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 877:908 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 5 11 theme composite 800:808 arg1 microfibers 810:820 the composite microfibers 796:820 the composite microfibers 796:820 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 2 12 dep matrixes 299:306 arg1 e.g. 286:289 e.g. 286:289 e.g. 286:289 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 0 13 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 ECM-alginate 10:21 Composite ECM-alginate 0:21 Composite ECM-alginate 0:21 Composite ECM-alginate microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential. 26249575 6 14 theme production 1062:1071 arg1 method 1073:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method 1034:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics 1034:1108 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 1 15 theme novel 110:114 arg1 approach 116:123 A novel approach 108:123 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue 108:226 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 1 16 theme natural 213:219 arg1 tissue 221:226 natural tissue 213:226 natural tissue 213:226 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 4 17 theme constitutive 606:617 arg1 features 619:626 constitutive features 606:626 constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM) 606:772 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 7 18 theme enhanced 1198:1205 arg1 viability 1207:1215 viability 1207:1215 viability 1207:1215 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 6 19 theme alginate 1042:1049 arg1 method 1073:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method 1034:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics 1034:1108 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 7 20 theme microfibers 1168:1178 arg1 tuning 1158:1163 precise tuning 1150:1163 precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells 1150:1246 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 5 21 theme cells 982:986 arg1 viability 931:939 viability 931:939 viability 931:939 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 5 21 theme cells 982:986 arg1 characteristics 959:973 morphological characteristics 945:973 morphological characteristics 945:973 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 3 22 theme inherent 528:535 arg1 limitations 516:526 certain limitations 508:526 certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials 508:559 The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. 26249575 3 23 theme bio-inspired 450:461 arg1 " 472:472 "bio-inspired materials" 449:472 "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials 449:559 The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. 26249575 6 24 theme novel 1036:1040 arg1 method 1073:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method 1034:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics 1034:1108 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 7 25 theme precise 1150:1156 arg1 tuning 1158:1163 precise tuning 1150:1163 precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells 1150:1246 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 4 26 theme particulate 725:735 arg1 UBM 769:771 UBM 769:771 UBM 769:771 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 26 theme particulate 725:735 arg1 form 737:740 a particulate form 723:740 a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM) 723:772 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 7 27 theme embedded 1233:1240 arg1 cells 1242:1246 embedded cells 1233:1246 embedded cells 1233:1246 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 3 28 theme materials 463:471 arg1 " 472:472 "bio-inspired materials" 449:472 "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials 449:559 The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. 26249575 2 29 theme inorganic 265:273 arg1 materials 275:283 Currently proposed inorganic materials 246:283 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) 246:307 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 2 29 theme inorganic 265:273 arg1 matrixes 299:306 apatite matrixes 291:306 apatite matrixes 291:306 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 3 30 theme certain 508:514 arg1 limitations 516:526 certain limitations 508:526 certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials 508:559 The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. 26249575 5 31 theme osteoblastic 845:856 arg1 differentiation 858:872 osteoblastic differentiation 845:872 osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 845:908 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 6 32 theme microfiber 1051:1060 arg1 method 1073:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method 1034:1078 a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics 1034:1108 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 2 33 theme proposed 256:263 arg1 materials 275:283 Currently proposed inorganic materials 246:283 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) 246:307 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 2 33 theme proposed 256:263 arg1 matrixes 299:306 apatite matrixes 291:306 apatite matrixes 291:306 Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. 26249575 7 34 theme cells 1242:1246 arg1 function 1221:1228 function 1221:1228 function 1221:1228 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 7 34 theme cells 1242:1246 arg1 viability 1207:1215 viability 1207:1215 viability 1207:1215 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 5 35 dep viability 931:939 arg1 the 927:929 the 927:929 the 927:929 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 1 36 theme artificial 136:145 arg1 microfibers 164:174 microfibers 164:174 microfibers 164:174 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 1 36 theme artificial 136:145 arg1 composites 152:161 artificial bone composites 136:161 artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue 136:226 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 6 37 theme present 1010:1016 arg1 study 1018:1022 The present study 1006:1022 The present study 1006:1022 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 7 38 theme microfluidic 1115:1126 arg1 procedure 1128:1136 The microfluidic procedure 1111:1136 The microfluidic procedure 1111:1136 The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells. 26249575 1 39 theme bone 147:150 arg1 microfibers 164:174 microfibers 164:174 microfibers 164:174 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 1 39 theme bone 147:150 arg1 composites 152:161 artificial bone composites 136:161 artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue 136:226 A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. 26249575 5 40 theme morphological 945:957 arg1 characteristics 959:973 morphological characteristics 945:973 morphological characteristics 945:973 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 4 41 theme alginate 670:677 arg1 microfiber 685:694 an alginate based microfiber 667:694 an alginate based microfiber 667:694 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 0 42 dep microfibers 23:33 arg1 produced 35:42 produced 35:42 microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential 23:105 Composite ECM-alginate microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential. 26249575 0 43 with scaffolds 64:72 arg1 potential 97:105 biomineralization potential 79:105 biomineralization potential 79:105 Composite ECM-alginate microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential. 26249575 3 44 theme current 540:546 arg1 biomaterials 548:559 current biomaterials 540:559 current biomaterials 540:559 The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. 26249575 0 45 theme biomineralization 79:95 arg1 potential 97:105 biomineralization potential 79:105 biomineralization potential 79:105 Composite ECM-alginate microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential. 26249575 4 46 theme gelatin 703:709 arg1 solution 711:718 a gelatin solution 701:718 a gelatin solution 701:718 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 4 47 theme urinary 745:751 arg1 matrix 761:766 urinary bladder matrix 745:766 urinary bladder matrix 745:766 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 26249575 6 48 with method 1073:1078 arg1 use 1089:1091 the use 1085:1091 the use of microfluidics 1085:1108 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 6 49 theme microfluidics 1096:1108 arg1 use 1089:1091 the use 1085:1091 the use of microfluidics 1085:1108 The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. 26249575 5 50 theme microfibers 810:820 arg1 effectiveness 779:791 The effectiveness 775:791 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells 775:986 The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. 26249575 4 51 theme based 679:683 arg1 microfiber 685:694 an alginate based microfiber 667:694 an alginate based microfiber 667:694 We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). 25736193 3 0 from immobilization 713:726 arg1 surface 781:787 the inner surface 771:787 the inner surface of capillary column 771:807 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 1 1 theme dichloride 436:445 arg1 presence 412:419 the presence 408:419 the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 408:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 4 2 theme capillary 922:930 arg1 electrochromatography 932:952 capillary electrochromatography 922:952 capillary electrochromatography 922:952 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 7 3 theme detection 1426:1434 arg1 mode 1436:1439 detection mode 1426:1439 detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1426:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 7 3 theme detection 1426:1434 arg1 absorption 1393:1402 UV absorption 1390:1402 UV absorption at 214 nm 1390:1412 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 1 4 with capillary 323:331 arg1 diameter 353:360 50 μm internal diameter 338:360 50 μm internal diameter 338:360 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 4 with capillary 323:331 arg1 cm 369:370 58 cm total 366:376 58 cm total 366:376 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 5 theme elution 1300:1306 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 5 theme elution 1300:1306 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 5 6 with maltotriose 1062:1072 arg1 efficiency 1090:1099 separation efficiency 1079:1099 separation efficiency 1079:1099 D-Glucose was separated into α- and β-anomers while five structural isomers were separated for derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter. 25736193 1 7 theme terminal 209:216 arg1 halogen 218:224 a terminal halogen 207:224 a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) 207:258 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 7 theme terminal 209:216 arg1 isocyanate 248:257 4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate 227:257 4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate 227:257 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 3 8 theme capillary 792:800 arg1 column 802:807 capillary column 792:807 capillary column 792:807 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 0 9 theme glucose 146:152 arg1 anomers 135:141 anomers 135:141 anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose 135:190 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 10 theme effective 388:396 arg1 length 398:403 50 cm effective length 382:403 50 cm effective length 382:403 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 0 11 theme structural 158:167 arg1 isomers 169:175 structural isomers 158:175 structural isomers of maltotriose 158:190 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 6 12 theme mM 1361:1362 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 12 theme mM 1361:1362 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 5 13 theme structural 1012:1021 arg1 isomers 1023:1029 five structural isomers 1007:1029 five structural isomers 1007:1029 D-Glucose was separated into α- and β-anomers while five structural isomers were separated for derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter. 25736193 7 14 theme electrochromatography 1467:1487 arg1 separations 1489:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 6 15 theme % 1343:1343 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 15 theme % 1343:1343 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 1 16 theme dibutyl 424:430 arg1 dichloride 436:445 dibutyl tin dichloride 424:445 dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 424:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 3 17 theme addition-fragmentation 643:664 arg1 polymerization 681:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 4 18 from performance 872:882 arg1 electrochromatography 932:952 capillary electrochromatography 922:952 capillary electrochromatography 922:952 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 6 19 theme 90:10 1334:1338 arg1 v/v 1340:1342 v/v 1340:1342 v/v 1340:1342 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 0 20 theme stationary 96:105 arg1 phase 107:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 2 21 attach Attachment 499:508 arg1 ligand 569:574 the bound ligand 559:574 the bound ligand 559:574 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 2 21 attach Attachment 499:508 arg2 dithiocarbamate 539:553 sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate 524:553 sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate 524:553 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 2 21 attach Attachment 499:508 arg2 initiator 513:521 initiator 513:521 initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) 513:554 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 4 22 theme open 824:827 arg1 column 837:842 The resultant open tubular column 810:842 The resultant open tubular column 810:842 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 1 23 theme total 372:376 arg1 cm 369:370 58 cm total 366:376 58 cm total 366:376 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 5 24 theme separation 1079:1088 arg1 efficiency 1090:1099 separation efficiency 1079:1099 separation efficiency 1079:1099 D-Glucose was separated into α- and β-anomers while five structural isomers were separated for derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter. 25736193 2 25 theme diethyl 531:537 arg1 initiator 513:521 initiator 513:521 initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) 513:554 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 2 25 theme diethyl 531:537 arg1 dithiocarbamate 539:553 sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate 524:553 sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate 524:553 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 0 26 theme anomers 135:141 arg1 separation 121:130 the separation 117:130 the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose 117:190 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 27 theme 50 382:383 arg1 cm 385:386 cm 385:386 cm 385:386 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 7 28 theme open 1444:1447 arg1 separations 1489:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 0 29 theme Open 0:3 arg1 electrochromatography 23:43 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography 0:43 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 0:191 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 6 30 theme acetonitrile 1171:1182 arg1 composition 1184:1194 acetonitrile composition 1171:1194 acetonitrile composition 1171:1194 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 7 31 theme tubular 1449:1455 arg1 separations 1489:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 0 32 theme capillary 13:21 arg1 electrochromatography 23:43 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography 0:43 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 0:191 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 33 theme silica 316:321 arg1 capillary 323:331 pretreated silica capillary 305:331 pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 305:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 34 theme pH 1164:1165 arg1 effects 1153:1159 The effects 1149:1159 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides 1149:1267 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 4 35 theme derivatized 888:898 arg1 isomers 911:917 derivatized saccharide isomers 888:917 derivatized saccharide isomers 888:917 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 1 36 from cm 369:370 arg1 presence 412:419 the presence 408:419 the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 408:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 7 37 from nm 1411:1412 arg1 absorption 1393:1402 UV absorption 1390:1402 UV absorption at 214 nm 1390:1412 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 7 37 from nm 1411:1412 arg1 mode 1436:1439 detection mode 1426:1439 detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1426:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 3 38 used used 700:703 arg2 polymerization 681:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 3 39 theme transfer 672:679 arg1 polymerization 681:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 0 40 theme N-phenylacrylamide-styrene 53:78 arg1 phase 107:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 41 theme μm 341:342 arg1 diameter 353:360 50 μm internal diameter 338:360 50 μm internal diameter 338:360 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 42 from effects 1153:1159 arg1 performance 1226:1236 the electrochromatographic performance 1199:1236 the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides 1199:1267 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 4 43 theme excellent 851:859 arg1 performance 872:882 excellent separation performance 851:882 excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography 851:952 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 5 44 theme million 1111:1117 arg1 plates 1131:1136 one million theoretical plates 1107:1136 one million theoretical plates per meter 1107:1146 D-Glucose was separated into α- and β-anomers while five structural isomers were separated for derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter. 25736193 6 45 theme derivatized 1245:1255 arg1 saccharides 1257:1267 the derivatized saccharides 1241:1267 the derivatized saccharides 1241:1267 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 0 46 theme copolymer-based 80:94 arg1 phase 107:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 6 47 from pH 1382:1383 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 47 from pH 1382:1383 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 2 48 theme in 608:609 arg1 polymerization 616:629 in situ polymerization 608:629 in situ polymerization 608:629 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 6 49 theme electrochromatographic 1203:1224 arg1 performance 1226:1236 the electrochromatographic performance 1199:1236 the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides 1199:1267 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 3 50 theme N-phenylacrylamide-styrene 731:756 arg1 copolymer 758:766 N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer 731:766 N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer 731:766 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 1 51 theme inner 288:292 arg1 surface 294:300 the inner surface 284:300 the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 284:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 3 52 theme inner 775:779 arg1 surface 781:787 the inner surface 771:787 the inner surface of capillary column 771:807 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 1 53 theme isocyanate-hydroxyl 469:487 arg1 reaction 489:496 isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 469:496 isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 469:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 54 theme optimized 1290:1298 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 54 theme optimized 1290:1298 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 2 55 theme bound 563:567 arg1 ligand 569:574 the bound ligand 559:574 the bound ligand 559:574 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 3 56 theme column 802:807 arg1 surface 781:787 the inner surface 771:787 the inner surface of capillary column 771:807 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 0 57 theme isomers 169:175 arg1 anomers 135:141 anomers 135:141 anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose 135:190 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 58 theme 4-chloromethylphenyl 227:246 arg1 halogen 218:224 a terminal halogen 207:224 a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) 207:258 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 58 theme 4-chloromethylphenyl 227:246 arg1 isocyanate 248:257 4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate 227:257 4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate 227:257 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 59 theme sodium 1364:1369 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 59 theme sodium 1364:1369 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 0 60 theme maltotriose 180:190 arg1 glucose 146:152 glucose 146:152 glucose 146:152 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 0 60 theme maltotriose 180:190 arg1 isomers 169:175 structural isomers 158:175 structural isomers of maltotriose 158:190 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 2 61 dep in 608:609 arg1 situ 611:614 situ 611:614 situ 611:614 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 6 62 theme acetonitrile/30 1345:1359 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 62 theme acetonitrile/30 1345:1359 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 3 63 theme Reversible 632:641 arg1 polymerization 681:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 6 64 theme v/v 1340:1342 arg1 condition 1308:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 the optimized elution condition 1286:1316 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 6 64 theme v/v 1340:1342 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate 1334:1377 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 7 65 theme UV 1390:1391 arg1 absorption 1393:1402 UV absorption 1390:1402 UV absorption at 214 nm 1390:1412 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 7 65 theme UV 1390:1391 arg1 mode 1436:1439 detection mode 1426:1439 detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1426:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 1 66 theme tin 432:434 arg1 dichloride 436:445 dibutyl tin dichloride 424:445 dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 424:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 2 67 theme initiator 513:521 arg1 Attachment 499:508 Attachment 499:508 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand 499:574 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 7 68 theme capillary 1457:1465 arg1 separations 1489:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 4 69 theme resultant 814:822 arg1 column 837:842 The resultant open tubular column 810:842 The resultant open tubular column 810:842 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 2 70 theme sodium 524:529 arg1 initiator 513:521 initiator 513:521 initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) 513:554 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 2 70 theme sodium 524:529 arg1 dithiocarbamate 539:553 sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate 524:553 sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate 524:553 Attachment of initiator (sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate) to the bound ligand was carried out and followed by in situ polymerization. 25736193 4 71 theme tubular 829:835 arg1 column 837:842 The resultant open tubular column 810:842 The resultant open tubular column 810:842 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 0 72 theme tubular 5:11 arg1 electrochromatography 23:43 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography 0:43 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 0:191 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 73 theme cm 385:386 arg1 length 398:403 50 cm effective length 382:403 50 cm effective length 382:403 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 74 theme composition 1184:1194 arg1 effects 1153:1159 The effects 1149:1159 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides 1149:1267 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 1 75 theme pretreated 305:314 arg1 capillary 323:331 pretreated silica capillary 305:331 pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 305:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 5 76 theme derivatized 1050:1060 arg1 maltotriose 1062:1072 derivatized maltotriose 1050:1072 derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter 1050:1146 D-Glucose was separated into α- and β-anomers while five structural isomers were separated for derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter. 25736193 7 77 used used 1418:1421 arg2 nm 1411:1412 214 nm 1407:1412 214 nm 1407:1412 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 7 77 used used 1418:1421 arg2 absorption 1393:1402 UV absorption 1390:1402 UV absorption at 214 nm 1390:1412 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 7 77 used used 1418:1421 arg2 mode 1436:1439 detection mode 1426:1439 detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1426:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 1 78 theme capillary 323:331 arg1 surface 294:300 the inner surface 284:300 the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 284:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 3 79 theme chain 666:670 arg1 polymerization 681:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 632:694 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 0 80 with electrochromatography 23:43 arg1 phase 107:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase 50:111 Open tubular capillary electrochromatography with an N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer-based stationary phase for the separation of anomers of glucose and structural isomers of maltotriose. 25736193 1 81 from length 398:403 arg1 presence 412:419 the presence 408:419 the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 408:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 82 from diameter 353:360 arg1 presence 412:419 the presence 408:419 the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction 408:496 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 83 theme 50 338:339 arg1 μm 341:342 μm 341:342 μm 341:342 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 4 84 theme saccharide 900:909 arg1 isomers 911:917 derivatized saccharide isomers 888:917 derivatized saccharide isomers 888:917 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 25736193 1 85 theme internal 344:351 arg1 diameter 353:360 50 μm internal diameter 338:360 50 μm internal diameter 338:360 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 86 with ligand 195:200 arg1 halogen 218:224 a terminal halogen 207:224 a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) 207:258 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 1 86 with ligand 195:200 arg1 isocyanate 248:257 4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate 227:257 4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate 227:257 A ligand with a terminal halogen (4-chloromethylphenyl isocyanate) was chemically bound on the inner surface of pretreated silica capillary with 50 μm internal diameter and 58 cm total and 50 cm effective length in the presence of dibutyl tin dichloride as a catalyst through isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction. 25736193 6 87 theme saccharides 1257:1267 arg1 performance 1226:1236 the electrochromatographic performance 1199:1236 the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides 1199:1267 The effects of pH and acetonitrile composition on the electrochromatographic performance of the derivatized saccharides were studied and the optimized elution condition was found to be 90:10 v/v% acetonitrile/30 mM sodium acetate at pH 6.6. 25736193 5 88 theme theoretical 1119:1129 arg1 plates 1131:1136 one million theoretical plates 1107:1136 one million theoretical plates per meter 1107:1146 D-Glucose was separated into α- and β-anomers while five structural isomers were separated for derivatized maltotriose with separation efficiency above one million theoretical plates per meter. 25736193 7 89 from mode 1436:1439 arg1 separations 1489:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations 1444:1499 UV absorption at 214 nm was used as detection mode in open tubular capillary electrochromatography separations. 25736193 3 90 theme copolymer 758:766 arg1 immobilization 713:726 the immobilization 709:726 the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column 709:807 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used for the immobilization of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene copolymer on the inner surface of capillary column. 25736193 4 91 theme separation 861:870 arg1 performance 872:882 excellent separation performance 851:882 excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography 851:952 The resultant open tubular column showed excellent separation performance for derivatized saccharide isomers in capillary electrochromatography. 28713001 0 0 theme non-degradable 82:95 arg1 polymers 97:104 degradable and non-degradable polymers 67:104 degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery 67:132 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices prepared from degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery. 28713001 1 1 theme release 346:352 arg1 kinetics 329:336 kinetics 329:336 kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 329:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 1 theme release 346:352 arg1 mechanism 315:323 the mechanism 311:323 the mechanism 311:323 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 2 from kinetics 329:336 arg1 matrices 415:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 2 from kinetics 329:336 arg1 biogradable 359:369 biogradable 359:369 biogradable (chitosan) 359:380 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 2 from kinetics 329:336 arg1 chitosan 372:379 chitosan 372:379 chitosan 372:379 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 3 theme study 158:162 arg1 aim 139:141 The aim 135:141 The aim of the present study 135:162 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 3 theme study 158:162 arg1 development 172:182 the development 168:182 the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 168:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 10 4 theme association 1472:1482 arg1 sign 1449:1452 no sign 1446:1452 no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra 1446:1497 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 1 5 from matrices 415:422 arg1 kinetics 329:336 kinetics 329:336 kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 329:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 5 from matrices 415:422 arg1 release 346:352 drug release 341:352 drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 341:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 5 from matrices 415:422 arg1 mechanism 315:323 the mechanism 311:323 the mechanism 311:323 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 10 6 theme NIR 1487:1489 arg1 spectra 1491:1497 NIR spectra 1487:1497 NIR spectra 1487:1497 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 8 7 theme tablet 1252:1257 arg1 hardness 1259:1266 good tablet hardness 1247:1266 good tablet hardness 1247:1266 In contrast, PVC based compositions exhibited excellent compressibility, good tablet hardness and low porosity. 28713001 10 8 theme tablets 1580:1586 arg1 porosity 1568:1575 the porosity 1564:1575 the porosity of tablets 1564:1586 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 1 9 theme osteoporosis 266:277 arg1 treatment 279:287 osteoporosis treatment 266:287 osteoporosis treatment 266:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 2 10 theme full 519:522 arg1 design 534:539 a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design 497:539 a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design 497:539 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 1 11 from mechanism 315:323 arg1 matrices 415:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 11 from mechanism 315:323 arg1 biogradable 359:369 biogradable 359:369 biogradable (chitosan) 359:380 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 11 from mechanism 315:323 arg1 chitosan 372:379 chitosan 372:379 chitosan 372:379 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 10 12 theme FT-IR 1593:1597 arg1 measurements 1599:1610 FT-IR measurements 1593:1610 FT-IR measurements 1593:1610 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 10 13 theme mechanism 1678:1686 arg1 background 1651:1660 the molecular background 1637:1660 the molecular background of drug release mechanism 1637:1686 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 4 14 theme polymers 751:758 arg1 behaviours 729:738 the behaviours 725:738 the behaviours of the two polymers 725:758 The results revealed significant differences between the behaviours of the two polymers. 28713001 3 15 theme Critical 542:549 arg1 speed 627:631 speed 627:631 speed 627:631 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 15 theme Critical 542:549 arg1 Attributes 559:568 Critical Quality Attributes 542:568 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) 542:574 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 15 theme Critical 542:549 arg1 porosity 614:621 porosity 614:621 porosity 614:621 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 15 theme Critical 542:549 arg1 hardness 604:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 15 theme Critical 542:549 arg1 CQA 571:573 CQA 571:573 CQA 571:573 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 6 16 theme drug 1012:1015 arg1 release 1017:1023 one-week-long continuous drug release 987:1023 one-week-long continuous drug release 987:1023 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 8 17 theme based 1191:1195 arg1 compositions 1197:1208 PVC based compositions 1187:1208 PVC based compositions 1187:1208 In contrast, PVC based compositions exhibited excellent compressibility, good tablet hardness and low porosity. 28713001 9 18 theme based 1420:1424 arg1 matrices 1426:1433 chitosan based matrices 1411:1433 chitosan based matrices 1411:1433 The tablets remained intact during the dissolution and exhibited a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices. 28713001 7 19 theme bonds 1121:1125 arg1 presence 1085:1092 The presence 1081:1092 The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds 1081:1125 The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds was confirmed with FT-IR and NIR measurements. 28713001 6 20 theme drug-carrier 1055:1066 arg1 interaction 1068:1078 a strong drug-carrier interaction 1046:1078 a strong drug-carrier interaction 1046:1078 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 10 21 theme molecular 1641:1649 arg1 background 1651:1660 the molecular background 1637:1660 the molecular background of drug release mechanism 1637:1686 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 8 22 theme excellent 1220:1228 arg1 compressibility 1230:1244 excellent compressibility 1220:1244 excellent compressibility 1220:1244 In contrast, PVC based compositions exhibited excellent compressibility, good tablet hardness and low porosity. 28713001 8 23 theme low 1272:1274 arg1 porosity 1276:1283 low porosity 1272:1283 low porosity 1272:1283 In contrast, PVC based compositions exhibited excellent compressibility, good tablet hardness and low porosity. 28713001 0 24 theme bisphosphonate 110:123 arg1 delivery 125:132 bisphosphonate delivery 110:132 bisphosphonate delivery 110:132 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices prepared from degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery. 28713001 9 25 theme slower 1353:1358 arg1 rate 1368:1371 a slower release rate 1351:1371 a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices 1351:1433 The tablets remained intact during the dissolution and exhibited a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices. 28713001 5 26 theme poor 780:783 arg1 compressibility 785:799 poor compressibility 780:799 poor compressibility 780:799 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 10 27 theme release 1670:1676 arg1 mechanism 1678:1686 drug release mechanism 1665:1686 drug release mechanism 1665:1686 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 9 28 theme release 1360:1366 arg1 rate 1368:1371 a slower release rate 1351:1371 a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices 1351:1433 The tablets remained intact during the dissolution and exhibited a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices. 28713001 7 29 theme intermolecular 1097:1110 arg1 bonds 1121:1125 intermolecular hydrogen bonds 1097:1125 intermolecular hydrogen bonds 1097:1125 The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds was confirmed with FT-IR and NIR measurements. 28713001 8 30 theme good 1247:1250 arg1 hardness 1259:1266 good tablet hardness 1247:1266 good tablet hardness 1247:1266 In contrast, PVC based compositions exhibited excellent compressibility, good tablet hardness and low porosity. 28713001 5 31 theme chitosan 878:885 arg1 tablets 893:899 chitosan based tablets 878:899 chitosan based tablets 878:899 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 2 32 theme process 446:452 arg1 parameters 454:463 process parameters 446:463 process parameters 446:463 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 6 33 theme continuous 1001:1010 arg1 release 1017:1023 one-week-long continuous drug release 987:1023 one-week-long continuous drug release 987:1023 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 7 34 theme hydrogen 1112:1119 arg1 bonds 1121:1125 intermolecular hydrogen bonds 1097:1125 intermolecular hydrogen bonds 1097:1125 The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds was confirmed with FT-IR and NIR measurements. 28713001 5 35 theme based 887:891 arg1 tablets 893:899 chitosan based tablets 878:899 chitosan based tablets 878:899 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 0 36 theme properties 18:27 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices 0:51 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices prepared from degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery. 28713001 6 37 theme one-week-long 987:999 arg1 release 1017:1023 one-week-long continuous drug release 987:1023 one-week-long continuous drug release 987:1023 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 10 38 theme dissolution 1520:1530 arg1 rate 1532:1535 the dissolution rate 1516:1535 the dissolution rate 1516:1535 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 10 39 theme drug 1665:1668 arg1 mechanism 1678:1686 drug release mechanism 1665:1686 drug release mechanism 1665:1686 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 3 40 theme Quality 551:557 arg1 speed 627:631 speed 627:631 speed 627:631 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 40 theme Quality 551:557 arg1 Attributes 559:568 Critical Quality Attributes 542:568 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) 542:574 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 40 theme Quality 551:557 arg1 porosity 614:621 porosity 614:621 porosity 614:621 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 40 theme Quality 551:557 arg1 hardness 604:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 40 theme Quality 551:557 arg1 CQA 571:573 CQA 571:573 CQA 571:573 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 1 41 theme compressed 196:205 arg1 tablets 207:213 directly compressed tablets 187:213 directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 187:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 5 42 theme mechanical 825:834 arg1 properties 836:845 poor mechanical properties 820:845 poor mechanical properties 820:845 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 10 43 from association 1472:1482 arg1 spectra 1491:1497 NIR spectra 1487:1497 NIR spectra 1487:1497 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 1 44 theme non-degradable 386:399 arg1 matrices 415:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 6 45 theme fast 928:931 arg1 disintegration 933:946 the fast disintegration 924:946 the fast disintegration 924:946 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 1 46 theme tablets 207:213 arg1 aim 139:141 The aim 135:141 The aim of the present study 135:162 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 46 theme tablets 207:213 arg1 development 172:182 the development 168:182 the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 168:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 46 theme tablets 207:213 arg1 comparison 297:306 the comparison 293:306 the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 293:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 0 47 theme implantable 32:42 arg1 matrices 44:51 implantable matrices 32:51 implantable matrices 32:51 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices prepared from degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery. 28713001 9 48 theme matrices 1426:1433 arg1 case 1403:1406 the case 1399:1406 the case of chitosan based matrices 1399:1433 The tablets remained intact during the dissolution and exhibited a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices. 28713001 6 49 theme strong 1048:1053 arg1 interaction 1068:1078 a strong drug-carrier interaction 1046:1078 a strong drug-carrier interaction 1046:1078 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 1 50 from biogradable 359:369 arg1 kinetics 329:336 kinetics 329:336 kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 329:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 50 from biogradable 359:369 arg1 release 346:352 drug release 341:352 drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 341:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 50 from biogradable 359:369 arg1 mechanism 315:323 the mechanism 311:323 the mechanism 311:323 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 51 theme mechanism 315:323 arg1 aim 139:141 The aim 135:141 The aim of the present study 135:162 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 51 theme mechanism 315:323 arg1 development 172:182 the development 168:182 the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 168:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 51 theme mechanism 315:323 arg1 comparison 297:306 the comparison 293:306 the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 293:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 2 52 theme factorial 524:532 arg1 design 534:539 a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design 497:539 a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design 497:539 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 1 53 theme PVC 402:404 arg1 matrices 415:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 5 54 theme poor 820:823 arg1 properties 836:845 poor mechanical properties 820:845 poor mechanical properties 820:845 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 5 55 theme fast 855:858 arg1 disintegration 860:873 the fast disintegration 851:873 the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets 851:899 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 1 56 theme implantable 219:229 arg1 delivery 231:238 implantable delivery 219:238 implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 219:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 7 57 theme NIR 1156:1158 arg1 measurements 1160:1171 NIR measurements 1156:1171 NIR measurements 1156:1171 The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds was confirmed with FT-IR and NIR measurements. 28713001 2 58 dep design 534:539 arg1 level 513:517 level 513:517 level 513:517 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 8 59 theme PVC 1187:1189 arg1 compositions 1197:1208 PVC based compositions 1187:1208 PVC based compositions 1187:1208 In contrast, PVC based compositions exhibited excellent compressibility, good tablet hardness and low porosity. 28713001 10 60 from sign 1449:1452 arg1 spectra 1491:1497 NIR spectra 1487:1497 NIR spectra 1487:1497 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 10 61 theme intermolecular 1457:1470 arg1 association 1472:1482 intermolecular association 1457:1482 intermolecular association on NIR spectra 1457:1497 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 0 62 theme matrices 44:51 arg1 properties 18:27 the properties 14:27 the properties of implantable matrices 14:51 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices prepared from degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery. 28713001 1 63 theme kinetics 329:336 arg1 aim 139:141 The aim 135:141 The aim of the present study 135:162 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 63 theme kinetics 329:336 arg1 development 172:182 the development 168:182 the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 168:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 63 theme kinetics 329:336 arg1 comparison 297:306 the comparison 293:306 the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 293:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 1 64 theme polymer 407:413 arg1 matrices 415:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 386:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 4 65 theme significant 693:703 arg1 differences 705:715 significant differences 693:715 significant differences between the behaviours of the two polymers 693:758 The results revealed significant differences between the behaviours of the two polymers. 28713001 10 66 theme background 1651:1660 arg1 details 1626:1632 some details 1621:1632 some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism 1621:1686 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 10 67 from spectra 1491:1497 arg1 sign 1449:1452 no sign 1446:1452 no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra 1446:1497 There was no sign of intermolecular association on NIR spectra, suggesting that the dissolution rate is basically determined by the porosity of tablets, but FT-IR measurements revealed some details of the molecular background of drug release mechanism. 28713001 6 68 theme based 962:966 arg1 matrices 968:975 the chitosan based matrices 949:975 the chitosan based matrices 949:975 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 3 69 theme drug 636:639 arg1 dissolution 641:651 drug dissolution 636:651 drug dissolution 636:651 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 2 70 dep level 513:517 arg1 3 511:511 3 511:511 3 511:511 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 2 70 dep level 513:517 arg1 2 505:505 2 505:505 2 505:505 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 9 71 theme chitosan 1411:1418 arg1 matrices 1426:1433 chitosan based matrices 1411:1433 chitosan based matrices 1411:1433 The tablets remained intact during the dissolution and exhibited a slower release rate than what was measured in the case of chitosan based matrices. 28713001 0 72 theme degradable 67:76 arg1 polymers 97:104 degradable and non-degradable polymers 67:104 degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery 67:132 Comparison of the properties of implantable matrices prepared from degradable and non-degradable polymers for bisphosphonate delivery. 28713001 3 73 theme dissolution 641:651 arg1 speed 627:631 speed 627:631 speed 627:631 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 73 theme dissolution 641:651 arg1 porosity 614:621 porosity 614:621 porosity 614:621 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 73 theme dissolution 641:651 arg1 hardness 604:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 3 74 theme diametral 585:593 arg1 hardness 604:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 5 75 theme tablets 893:899 arg1 properties 836:845 poor mechanical properties 820:845 poor mechanical properties 820:845 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 5 75 theme tablets 893:899 arg1 disintegration 860:873 the fast disintegration 851:873 the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets 851:899 Chitosan exhibited poor compressibility, which resulted in poor mechanical properties and the fast disintegration of chitosan based tablets. 28713001 1 76 theme risedronate 243:253 arg1 sodium 255:260 risedronate sodium 243:260 risedronate sodium 243:260 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 2 77 theme mixed 499:503 arg1 design 534:539 a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design 497:539 a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design 497:539 The compositions and process parameters were optimized in accordance to a mixed 2 and 3 level full factorial design. 28713001 1 78 theme drug 341:344 arg1 release 346:352 drug release 341:352 drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices 341:422 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 3 79 theme breaking 595:602 arg1 hardness 604:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 diametral breaking hardness 585:611 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), such as diametral breaking hardness, porosity and speed of drug dissolution were investigated. 28713001 1 80 theme present 150:156 arg1 study 158:162 the present study 146:162 the present study 146:162 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 28713001 6 81 theme chitosan 953:960 arg1 matrices 968:975 the chitosan based matrices 949:975 the chitosan based matrices 949:975 Nevertheless, despite the fast disintegration, the chitosan based matrices exhibited one-week-long continuous drug release, which can be due to a strong drug-carrier interaction. 28713001 1 82 theme sodium 255:260 arg1 delivery 231:238 implantable delivery 219:238 implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment 219:287 The aim of the present study was the development of directly compressed tablets for implantable delivery of risedronate sodium for osteoporosis treatment and the comparison of the mechanism and kinetics of drug release from biogradable (chitosan) and non-degradable (PVC) polymer matrices. 24374607 2 0 theme colitis 452:458 arg1 treatment 428:436 the treatment 424:436 the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 424:478 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 1 1 theme diseases 314:321 arg1 treatment 295:303 the treatment 291:303 the treatment of colon diseases 291:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 5 2 theme composite 1036:1044 arg1 stable 1086:1091 stable 1086:1091 stable 1086:1091 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 5 2 theme composite 1036:1044 arg1 beads 1046:1050 The resulting composite beads 1022:1050 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating 1022:1080 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 3 3 theme chitosan 732:739 arg1 matrix 741:746 a chitosan matrix 730:746 a chitosan matrix 730:746 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 1 4 theme biohybrid 230:238 arg1 beads 240:244 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads 190:244 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 190:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 2 5 theme ulcerative 441:450 arg1 colitis 452:458 ulcerative colitis 441:458 ulcerative colitis 441:458 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 1 6 theme beads 240:244 arg1 use 183:185 the use 179:185 the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 179:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 5 7 theme pectin 1067:1072 arg1 coating 1074:1080 the pectin coating 1063:1080 the pectin coating 1063:1080 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 2 8 theme selective 533:541 arg1 delivery 543:550 a controlled and selective delivery 516:550 a controlled and selective delivery in the colon 516:563 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 5 9 dep in 1224:1225 arg1 vitro 1227:1231 vitro 1227:1231 vitro 1227:1231 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 4 10 theme acid 992:995 arg1 pH 997:998 the acid pH 988:998 the acid pH of the gastric fluid 988:1019 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 6 11 theme disease 1492:1498 arg1 focus 1479:1483 the focus 1475:1483 the focus of the disease 1475:1498 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 6 12 theme 5ASA 1438:1441 arg1 delivery 1426:1433 the colon-targeted delivery 1407:1433 the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1407:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 2 13 theme disease 472:478 arg1 treatment 428:436 the treatment 424:436 the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 424:478 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 6 14 theme promising 1382:1390 arg1 beads 1355:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 6 14 theme promising 1382:1390 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 promising candidates 1382:1401 promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1382:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 5 15 from passage 1168:1174 arg1 experiments 1233:1243 in vitro experiments 1224:1243 in vitro experiments 1224:1243 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 4 16 theme fluid 1015:1019 arg1 pH 997:998 the acid pH 988:998 the acid pH of the gastric fluid 988:1019 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 3 17 theme layered 640:646 arg1 hydroxide 655:663 a layered double hydroxide 638:663 a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method 638:706 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 1 18 from release 280:286 arg1 treatment 295:303 the treatment 291:303 the treatment of colon diseases 291:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 6 19 theme chitosan/LDH-5ASA 1320:1336 arg1 beads 1355:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 6 19 theme chitosan/LDH-5ASA 1320:1336 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 promising candidates 1382:1401 promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1382:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 4 20 theme protective 893:902 arg1 coating 904:910 a protective coating 891:910 a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid 891:1019 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 4 21 theme layered 960:966 arg1 hydroxide 975:983 layered double hydroxide 960:983 layered double hydroxide 960:983 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 3 22 theme double 648:653 arg1 hydroxide 655:663 a layered double hydroxide 638:663 a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method 638:706 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 0 23 theme Pectin-coated 0:12 arg1 chitosan-LDH 14:25 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH 0:25 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH 0:25 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH bionanocomposite beads as potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. 24374607 5 24 theme water 1096:1100 arg1 swelling 1102:1109 water swelling 1096:1109 water swelling 1096:1109 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 6 25 theme side 1515:1518 arg1 effects 1520:1526 side effects 1515:1526 side effects 1515:1526 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 4 26 theme hydroxide 975:983 arg1 stability 929:937 the stability 925:937 the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide 925:983 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 3 27 theme co-precipitation 684:699 arg1 method 701:706 the co-precipitation method 680:706 the co-precipitation method 680:706 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 2 28 theme non-steroid-anti-inflammatory 378:406 arg1 NSAID 414:418 NSAID 414:418 NSAID 414:418 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 28 theme non-steroid-anti-inflammatory 378:406 arg1 drug 408:411 the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug 364:411 the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 364:478 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 28 theme non-steroid-anti-inflammatory 378:406 arg1 acid 351:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid 330:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) 330:361 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 4 29 theme double 968:973 arg1 hydroxide 975:983 layered double hydroxide 960:983 layered double hydroxide 960:983 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 1 30 theme controlled 269:278 arg1 release 280:286 controlled release 269:286 controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 269:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 2 31 theme model 495:499 arg1 drug 501:504 model drug 495:504 model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon 495:563 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 31 theme model 495:499 arg1 acid 351:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid 330:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) 330:361 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 6 32 theme @ 1319:1319 arg1 beads 1355:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 6 32 theme @ 1319:1319 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 promising candidates 1382:1401 promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1382:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 5 33 theme simulated 1188:1196 arg1 tract 1215:1219 the simulated gastrointestinal tract 1184:1219 the simulated gastrointestinal tract 1184:1219 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 2 34 theme used 373:376 arg1 NSAID 414:418 NSAID 414:418 NSAID 414:418 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 34 theme used 373:376 arg1 drug 408:411 the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug 364:411 the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 364:478 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 34 theme used 373:376 arg1 acid 351:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid 330:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) 330:361 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 0 35 theme potential 53:61 arg1 beads 44:48 beads 44:48 beads 44:48 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH bionanocomposite beads as potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. 24374607 0 35 theme potential 53:61 arg1 systems 63:69 potential systems 53:69 potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery 53:102 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH bionanocomposite beads as potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. 24374607 2 36 from delivery 543:550 arg1 colon 559:563 the colon 555:563 the colon 555:563 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 5 37 theme in 1224:1225 arg1 experiments 1233:1243 in vitro experiments 1224:1243 in vitro experiments 1224:1243 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 1 38 theme chitosan/layered 190:205 arg1 beads 240:244 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads 190:244 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 190:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 3 39 from intercalation 621:633 arg1 hydroxide 655:663 a layered double hydroxide 638:663 a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method 638:706 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 4 40 theme polysaccharide 859:872 arg1 pectin 874:879 the polysaccharide pectin 855:879 the polysaccharide pectin 855:879 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 3 41 theme pure 570:573 arg1 drug 580:583 The pure 5ASA drug 566:583 The pure 5ASA drug 566:583 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 1 42 theme double 207:212 arg1 LDH 225:227 LDH 225:227 LDH 225:227 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 42 theme double 207:212 arg1 hydroxide 214:222 double hydroxide 207:222 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 190:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 4 43 theme chitosan 947:954 arg1 stability 929:937 the stability 925:937 the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide 925:983 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 2 44 theme controlled 518:527 arg1 delivery 543:550 a controlled and selective delivery 516:550 a controlled and selective delivery in the colon 516:563 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 3 45 theme 5ASA 575:578 arg1 drug 580:583 The pure 5ASA drug 566:583 The pure 5ASA drug 566:583 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 2 46 from drug 408:411 arg1 treatment 428:436 the treatment 424:436 the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 424:478 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 5 47 theme resulting 1026:1034 arg1 stable 1086:1091 stable 1086:1091 stable 1086:1091 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 5 47 theme resulting 1026:1034 arg1 beads 1046:1050 The resulting composite beads 1022:1050 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating 1022:1080 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 6 48 theme pectin 1313:1318 arg1 beads 1355:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 6 48 theme pectin 1313:1318 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 promising candidates 1382:1401 promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1382:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 5 49 theme gastrointestinal 1198:1213 arg1 tract 1215:1219 the simulated gastrointestinal tract 1184:1219 the simulated gastrointestinal tract 1184:1219 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 6 50 theme colon-targeted 1411:1424 arg1 delivery 1426:1433 the colon-targeted delivery 1407:1433 the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1407:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 1 51 theme new 139:141 arg1 system 157:162 a new drug delivery system 137:162 a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 137:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 51 theme new 139:141 arg1 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 52 from results 126:132 arg1 system 157:162 a new drug delivery system 137:162 a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 137:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 52 from results 126:132 arg1 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 53 theme hydroxide 214:222 arg1 beads 240:244 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads 190:244 chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 190:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 5 54 theme pH 1273:1274 arg1 changes 1276:1282 pH changes 1273:1282 pH changes 1273:1282 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 1 55 theme drug 143:146 arg1 system 157:162 a new drug delivery system 137:162 a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 137:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 55 theme drug 143:146 arg1 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 3 56 theme Mg2Al 668:672 arg1 hydroxide 655:663 a layered double hydroxide 638:663 a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method 638:706 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 5 57 theme drug 1151:1154 arg1 release 1136:1142 a controlled release 1123:1142 a controlled release of the drug 1123:1154 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24374607 0 58 theme drug 90:93 arg1 delivery 95:102 colon-targeted drug delivery 75:102 colon-targeted drug delivery 75:102 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH bionanocomposite beads as potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. 24374607 3 59 theme hybrid 593:598 arg1 material 600:607 the hybrid material 589:607 the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method 589:706 The pure 5ASA drug and the hybrid material prepared by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide of Mg2Al using the co-precipitation method, were incorporated in a chitosan matrix in order to profit from its mucoadhesiveness. 24374607 1 60 theme delivery 148:155 arg1 system 157:162 a new drug delivery system 137:162 a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases 137:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 1 60 theme delivery 148:155 arg1 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 DDS 165:167 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 4 61 theme gastric 1007:1013 arg1 fluid 1015:1019 the gastric fluid 1003:1019 the gastric fluid 1003:1019 These compounds processed as beads were further treated with the polysaccharide pectin to create a protective coating that ensures the stability of both chitosan and layered double hydroxide at the acid pH of the gastric fluid. 24374607 0 62 theme colon-targeted 75:88 arg1 delivery 95:102 colon-targeted drug delivery 75:102 colon-targeted drug delivery 75:102 Pectin-coated chitosan-LDH bionanocomposite beads as potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. 24374607 1 63 theme colon 308:312 arg1 diseases 314:321 colon diseases 308:321 colon diseases 308:321 This work introduces results on a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the use of chitosan/layered double hydroxide (LDH) biohybrid beads coated with pectin for controlled release in the treatment of colon diseases. 24374607 6 64 theme bionanocomposite 1338:1353 arg1 beads 1355:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads 1309:1359 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 6 64 theme bionanocomposite 1338:1353 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 promising candidates 1382:1401 promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA 1382:1441 Based on these results, the pectin@chitosan/LDH-5ASA bionanocomposite beads could be proposed as promising candidates for the colon-targeted delivery of 5ASA, with the aim of acting only in the focus of the disease and minimizing side effects. 24374607 2 65 theme 5-aminosalicylic 334:349 arg1 drug 408:411 the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug 364:411 the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 364:478 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 65 theme 5-aminosalicylic 334:349 arg1 drug 501:504 model drug 495:504 model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon 495:563 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 65 theme 5-aminosalicylic 334:349 arg1 5ASA 357:360 5ASA 357:360 5ASA 357:360 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 2 65 theme 5-aminosalicylic 334:349 arg1 acid 351:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid 330:354 the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) 330:361 Thus, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), the most used non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, was chosen as model drug aiming to a controlled and selective delivery in the colon. 24374607 5 66 theme controlled 1125:1134 arg1 release 1136:1142 a controlled release 1123:1142 a controlled release of the drug 1123:1154 The resulting composite beads presenting the pectin coating are stable to water swelling and procure a controlled release of the drug along their passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tract in in vitro experiments, due to their resistance to pH changes. 24893212 5 0 theme additives 818:826 arg1 application 793:803 the application 789:803 the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) 789:850 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 6 1 theme 30m/m 962:966 arg1 % 967:967 % 967:967 % 967:967 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 2 2 theme possible 383:390 arg1 way 392:394 a possible way 381:394 a possible way for the removal of POPs 381:418 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration offers a possible way for the removal of POPs. 24893212 6 3 theme polyethylene 1037:1048 arg1 weight 1030:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight 1002:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1002:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 6 4 from presence 1057:1064 arg1 polyethylene 1037:1048 polyethylene 1037:1048 polyethylene 1037:1048 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 1 5 theme water 261:265 arg1 technologies 277:288 water treatment technologies 261:288 water treatment technologies 261:288 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 6 theme best 906:909 arg1 results 911:917 The best results 902:917 The best results 902:917 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 1 7 theme treatment 267:275 arg1 technologies 277:288 water treatment technologies 261:288 water treatment technologies 261:288 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 8 theme ultra-high 1009:1018 arg1 weight 1030:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight 1002:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1002:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 6 9 theme chemical 938:945 arg1 composition 947:957 chemical composition 938:957 chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 938:996 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 1 10 theme technologies 277:288 arg1 efficiency 247:256 the efficiency 243:256 the efficiency of water treatment technologies 243:288 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 11 from polyethylene 1037:1048 arg1 presence 1057:1064 the presence 1053:1064 the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1053:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 3 12 theme β-cyclodextrin 435:448 arg1 nanofilters 461:471 β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters 435:471 β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) 435:535 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 1 13 theme general 168:174 arg1 residues 195:202 general and pharmaceutical residues 168:202 general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater 168:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 5 14 with nanofilters 760:770 arg1 ethanol 777:783 ethanol 777:783 ethanol 777:783 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 6 15 theme 12mmol 1069:1074 arg1 carbonate/nanofilter 1094:1113 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1069:1113 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1069:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 6 16 theme 70m/m 1002:1006 arg1 % 1007:1007 % 1007:1007 % 1007:1007 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 1 17 theme pharmaceutical 180:193 arg1 residues 195:202 general and pharmaceutical residues 168:202 general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater 168:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 18 theme molecular 1020:1028 arg1 weight 1030:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight 1002:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1002:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 2 19 theme biological 324:333 arg1 treatment 335:343 the biological treatment 320:343 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration 310:372 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration offers a possible way for the removal of POPs. 24893212 3 20 theme containing 450:459 arg1 nanofilters 461:471 β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters 435:471 β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) 435:535 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 0 21 theme containing 33:42 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of cyclodextrin containing 0:42 Characterization of cyclodextrin containing nanofilters for removal of pharmaceutical residues. 24893212 4 22 theme adsorption 590:599 arg1 capacity 601:608 their adsorption capacity 584:608 their adsorption capacity 584:608 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 5 23 dep additives 818:826 arg1 NaHCO3 835:840 NaHCO3 835:840 NaHCO3 835:840 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 5 23 dep additives 818:826 arg1 NaCl 829:832 NaCl 829:832 NaCl 829:832 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 5 23 dep additives 818:826 arg1 NH4HCO3 843:849 NH4HCO3 843:849 NH4HCO3 843:849 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 1 24 theme increasing 107:116 arg1 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 24 theme increasing 107:116 arg1 pollutants 147:156 persistent organic pollutants 128:156 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 128:163 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 24 theme increasing 107:116 arg1 amount 118:123 the increasing amount 103:123 the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater 103:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 5 25 theme adsorption 866:875 arg1 capacity 877:884 the adsorption capacity 862:884 the adsorption capacity of nanofilters 862:899 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 0 26 theme cyclodextrin 20:31 arg1 containing 33:42 cyclodextrin containing 20:42 cyclodextrin containing 20:42 Characterization of cyclodextrin containing nanofilters for removal of pharmaceutical residues. 24893212 6 27 theme % 1007:1007 arg1 weight 1030:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight 1002:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1002:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 2 28 theme Following 310:318 arg1 treatment 335:343 the biological treatment 320:343 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration 310:372 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration offers a possible way for the removal of POPs. 24893212 4 29 theme carbon 688:693 arg1 analyzer 701:708 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 2 30 theme nanofiltration 359:372 arg1 treatment 335:343 the biological treatment 320:343 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration 310:372 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration offers a possible way for the removal of POPs. 24893212 5 31 theme nanofilters 760:770 arg1 regeneration 744:755 the regeneration 740:755 the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol 740:783 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 6 32 theme carbonate/nanofilter 1094:1113 arg1 presence 1057:1064 the presence 1053:1064 the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1053:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 4 33 contain containing 644:653 arg2 solution 661:668 model solution 655:668 model solution 655:668 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 4 33 contain containing 644:653 arg1 ibuprofen 634:642 ibuprofen 634:642 ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 634:708 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 4 33 contain containing 644:653 arg2 analyzer 701:708 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 3 34 theme different 480:488 arg1 composition 499:509 different chemical composition 480:509 different chemical composition 480:509 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 2 35 theme POPs 415:418 arg1 removal 404:410 the removal 400:410 the removal of POPs 400:418 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration offers a possible way for the removal of POPs. 24893212 5 36 theme nanofilters 889:899 arg1 capacity 877:884 the adsorption capacity 862:884 the adsorption capacity of nanofilters 862:899 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 1 37 theme municipal 221:229 arg1 wastewater 231:240 municipal wastewater 221:240 municipal wastewater 221:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 38 theme beads 992:996 arg1 weight 1030:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight 1002:1035 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1002:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 6 38 theme beads 992:996 arg1 composition 947:957 chemical composition 938:957 chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 938:996 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 6 39 theme hydrogen 1085:1092 arg1 carbonate/nanofilter 1094:1113 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1069:1113 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1069:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 5 40 theme inorganic 808:816 arg1 additives 818:826 inorganic additives 808:826 inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) 808:850 It could be established that the regeneration of nanofilters with ethanol and the application of inorganic additives (NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3) increased the adsorption capacity of nanofilters. 24893212 6 41 theme polymer 984:990 arg1 beads 992:996 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 962:996 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 962:996 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 4 42 theme model 655:659 arg1 solution 661:668 model solution 655:668 model solution 655:668 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 1 43 theme persistent 128:137 arg1 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 43 theme persistent 128:137 arg1 pollutants 147:156 persistent organic pollutants 128:156 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 128:163 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 44 theme β-cyclodextrin 969:982 arg1 beads 992:996 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 962:996 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 962:996 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 1 45 from wastewater 231:240 arg1 particular 207:216 particular 207:216 particular 207:216 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 46 from particular 207:216 arg1 wastewater 231:240 municipal wastewater 221:240 municipal wastewater 221:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 47 theme organic 139:145 arg1 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 47 theme organic 139:145 arg1 pollutants 147:156 persistent organic pollutants 128:156 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 128:163 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 48 from amount 118:123 arg1 residues 195:202 general and pharmaceutical residues 168:202 general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater 168:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 6 49 theme ammonium 1076:1083 arg1 carbonate/nanofilter 1094:1113 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1069:1113 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter 1069:1113 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 3 50 contain having 473:478 arg1 nanofilters 461:471 β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters 435:471 β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) 435:535 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 3 50 contain having 473:478 arg2 thickness 515:523 thickness 515:523 thickness (1.5-3.5mm) 515:535 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 3 50 contain having 473:478 arg2 composition 499:509 different chemical composition 480:509 different chemical composition 480:509 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 3 50 contain having 473:478 arg2 1.5-3.5mm 526:534 1.5-3.5mm 526:534 1.5-3.5mm 526:534 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 1 51 theme pollutants 147:156 arg1 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 POPs 159:162 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 51 theme pollutants 147:156 arg1 pollutants 147:156 persistent organic pollutants 128:156 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 128:163 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 1 51 theme pollutants 147:156 arg1 amount 118:123 the increasing amount 103:123 the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater 103:240 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 2 52 theme wastewater 348:357 arg1 nanofiltration 359:372 wastewater nanofiltration 348:372 wastewater nanofiltration 348:372 Following the biological treatment of wastewater nanofiltration offers a possible way for the removal of POPs. 24893212 0 53 theme residues 86:93 arg1 removal 60:66 removal 60:66 removal of pharmaceutical residues 60:93 Characterization of cyclodextrin containing nanofilters for removal of pharmaceutical residues. 24893212 3 54 theme chemical 490:497 arg1 composition 499:509 different chemical composition 480:509 different chemical composition 480:509 In this study β-cyclodextrin containing nanofilters having different chemical composition and thickness (1.5-3.5mm) were investigated. 24893212 1 55 from residues 195:202 arg1 particular 207:216 particular 207:216 particular 207:216 Due to the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in general and pharmaceutical residues in particular in municipal wastewater, the efficiency of water treatment technologies should be improved. 24893212 4 56 theme organic 680:686 arg1 TOC 696:698 TOC 696:698 TOC 696:698 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 4 56 theme organic 680:686 arg1 carbon 688:693 organic carbon 680:693 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 24893212 0 57 theme pharmaceutical 71:84 arg1 residues 86:93 pharmaceutical residues 71:93 pharmaceutical residues 71:93 Characterization of cyclodextrin containing nanofilters for removal of pharmaceutical residues. 24893212 6 58 theme % 967:967 arg1 beads 992:996 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 962:996 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads 962:996 The best results were achieved with chemical composition of 30m/m% β-cyclodextrin polymer beads and 70m/m% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of 12mmol ammonium hydrogen carbonate/nanofilter. 24893212 4 59 theme total 674:678 arg1 analyzer 701:708 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer 674:708 For their characterization, their adsorption capacity was determined applying ibuprofen containing model solution and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. 27353754 7 0 theme domain 1550:1555 arg1 use 1525:1527 the use 1521:1527 the use of the extracellular domain for C storage 1521:1569 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 3 1 theme unicyanobacterial 682:698 arg1 biofilm 700:706 a unicyanobacterial biofilm 680:706 a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes 680:746 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 2 theme matter 524:529 arg1 reuse 531:535 organic matter reuse 516:535 organic matter reuse 516:535 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 6 3 theme photosynthesis 1204:1217 arg1 experiments 1230:1240 photosynthesis inhibition experiments 1204:1240 photosynthesis inhibition experiments 1204:1240 This interpretation was supported by photosynthesis inhibition experiments, in which cyanobacteria incorporated N-rich EOM-derived material. 27353754 13 4 from mats 2454:2457 arg1 relevant 2492:2499 relevant 2492:2499 relevant 2492:2499 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 8 5 theme EOM 1722:1724 arg1 degradation 1726:1736 increased EOM degradation 1712:1736 increased EOM degradation 1712:1736 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 12 6 theme cyanobacterial 2248:2261 arg1 degradation 2263:2273 cyanobacterial degradation 2248:2273 cyanobacterial degradation 2248:2273 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 3 7 theme different 724:732 arg1 regimes 740:746 different light regimes 724:746 different light regimes 724:746 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 8 theme exoproteome 550:560 arg1 composition 562:572 exoproteome composition 550:572 exoproteome composition 550:572 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 9 9 theme heterotrophic 1762:1774 arg1 bacteria 1776:1783 Associated heterotrophic bacteria 1751:1783 Associated heterotrophic bacteria 1751:1783 Associated heterotrophic bacteria increased in abundance and upregulated transport proteins under dark relative to light conditions. 27353754 4 10 theme organic 869:875 arg1 assimilation 879:890 all organic C assimilation 865:890 all organic C assimilation in the community 865:907 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 27353754 10 11 theme cyanobacterial 2004:2017 arg1 nutrient 2019:2026 cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements 2004:2050 nutrient 2019:2026 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 6 12 theme EOM-derived 1286:1296 arg1 material 1298:1305 N-rich EOM-derived material 1279:1305 N-rich EOM-derived material 1279:1305 This interpretation was supported by photosynthesis inhibition experiments, in which cyanobacteria incorporated N-rich EOM-derived material. 27353754 14 13 theme matter 2779:2784 arg1 incorporation 2754:2766 the incorporation 2750:2766 the incorporation of organic matter 2750:2784 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 11 14 theme C 2173:2173 arg1 fate 2153:2156 the fate 2149:2156 the fate of their fixed C 2149:2173 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 6 15 link EOM-derived 1286:1296 arg1 material 1298:1305 N-rich EOM-derived material 1279:1305 N-rich EOM-derived material 1279:1305 This interpretation was supported by photosynthesis inhibition experiments, in which cyanobacteria incorporated N-rich EOM-derived material. 27353754 9 16 dep light 1866:1870 arg1 to 1863:1864 to 1863:1864 to 1863:1864 Associated heterotrophic bacteria increased in abundance and upregulated transport proteins under dark relative to light conditions. 27353754 7 17 theme EPS 1440:1442 arg1 excretion 1427:1435 excretion 1427:1435 excretion of EPS 1427:1442 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 4 18 theme C 877:877 arg1 assimilation 879:890 all organic C assimilation 865:890 all organic C assimilation in the community 865:907 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 27353754 3 19 theme C-labeled 599:607 arg1 matter 664:669 cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter 627:669 (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) 595:675 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 19 theme C-labeled 599:607 arg1 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 14 20 theme availability 2734:2745 arg1 effects 2717:2723 the effects 2713:2723 the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter 2713:2784 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 11 21 theme microbial 2186:2194 arg1 cycling 2211:2217 microbial biogeochemical cycling 2186:2217 microbial biogeochemical cycling 2186:2217 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 13 22 theme rich 2605:2608 arg1 source 2610:2615 a rich source 2603:2615 a rich source of nutrients 2603:2628 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 5 23 theme micronutrient 1044:1056 arg1 transport 1058:1066 micronutrient transport 1044:1066 micronutrient transport 1044:1066 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 7 24 theme degradative 1482:1492 arg1 exoproteins 1494:1504 degradative exoproteins 1482:1504 degradative exoproteins 1482:1504 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 9 25 theme dark 1849:1852 arg1 conditions 1872:1881 dark relative to light conditions 1849:1881 dark relative to light conditions 1849:1881 Associated heterotrophic bacteria increased in abundance and upregulated transport proteins under dark relative to light conditions. 27353754 7 26 theme organic 1401:1407 arg1 matter 1409:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 16 27 theme matter 3193:3198 arg1 cycling 3160:3166 cycling 3160:3166 cycling of extracellular organic matter 3160:3198 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 5 28 theme EOM 1127:1129 arg1 assimilation 1131:1142 EOM assimilation 1127:1142 EOM assimilation 1127:1142 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 15 29 theme metabolic 2977:2985 arg1 status 2987:2992 metabolic status 2977:2992 metabolic status 2977:2992 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 1 30 theme microbial 145:153 arg1 producers 163:171 many microbial primary producers 140:171 many microbial primary producers 140:171 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 10 31 theme organic 1979:1985 arg1 C 1987:1987 organic C 1979:1987 organic C 1979:1987 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 3 32 theme cyanobacterial 627:640 arg1 matter 664:669 cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter 627:669 (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) 595:675 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 32 theme cyanobacterial 627:640 arg1 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 0 33 theme Cyanobacterial 70:83 arg1 Biofilm 85:91 a Cyanobacterial Biofilm 68:91 a Cyanobacterial Biofilm 68:91 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 5 34 theme increased 955:963 arg1 excretion 965:973 increased excretion 955:973 increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 955:1017 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 8 35 theme Sequence-structure 1572:1589 arg1 modeling 1591:1598 Sequence-structure modeling 1572:1598 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins 1572:1626 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 12 36 theme organic 2295:2301 arg1 matter 2303:2308 organic matter 2295:2308 organic matter 2295:2308 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 4 37 theme cyanobacterial 776:789 arg1 assimilation 808:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 27353754 15 38 theme stable 2793:2798 arg1 tracing 2808:2814 stable isotope tracing 2793:2814 stable isotope tracing 2793:2814 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 7 39 dep dark 1327:1330 arg1 C-starved 1333:1341 C-starved 1333:1341 C-starved 1333:1341 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 7 40 theme EOM-derived 1389:1399 arg1 matter 1409:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 15 41 theme single-cell 2823:2833 arg1 level 2835:2839 the single-cell level 2819:2839 the single-cell level 2819:2839 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 0 42 theme Light 0:4 arg1 Regimes 6:12 Light Regimes 0:12 Light Regimes 0:12 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 13 43 theme extensive 2534:2542 arg1 matrix 2566:2571 an extensive organic extracellular matrix 2531:2571 an extensive organic extracellular matrix 2531:2571 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 2 44 theme processes 435:443 arg1 drivers 410:416 the metabolic drivers 396:416 the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes 396:443 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 2 44 theme processes 435:443 arg1 complex 462:468 complex 462:468 complex 462:468 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 11 45 theme IMPORTANCE 2076:2085 arg1 producers 2134:2142 globally distributed primary producers 2105:2142 globally distributed primary producers 2105:2142 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 11 45 theme IMPORTANCE 2076:2085 arg1 Cyanobacteria 2087:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria 2076:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria 2076:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 14 46 theme metabolism 2681:2690 arg1 Light 2631:2635 Light 2631:2635 Light 2631:2635 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 14 46 theme metabolism 2681:2690 arg1 regulator 2653:2661 a well-known regulator 2640:2661 a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism 2640:2690 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 13 47 theme extracellular 2552:2564 arg1 matrix 2566:2571 an extensive organic extracellular matrix 2531:2571 an extensive organic extracellular matrix 2531:2571 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 8 48 theme exoproteins 1616:1626 arg1 exoproteins 1616:1626 these exoproteins 1610:1626 these exoproteins 1610:1626 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 8 48 theme exoproteins 1616:1626 arg1 one 1603:1605 one 1603:1605 one 1603:1605 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 2 49 theme metabolic 400:408 arg1 drivers 410:416 the metabolic drivers 396:416 the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes 396:443 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 2 49 theme metabolic 400:408 arg1 complex 462:468 complex 462:468 complex 462:468 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 15 50 theme photoautotroph 2856:2869 arg1 assimilation 2871:2882 photoautotroph assimilation 2856:2882 photoautotroph assimilation 2856:2882 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 1 51 theme photoautotroph 270:283 arg1 consumption 300:310 photoautotroph organic matter consumption 270:310 photoautotroph organic matter consumption 270:310 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 3 52 theme organic 656:662 arg1 matter 664:669 cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter 627:669 (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) 595:675 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 52 theme organic 656:662 arg1 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 2 53 theme phototrophic 330:341 arg1 biofilms 343:350 phototrophic biofilms 330:350 phototrophic biofilms 330:350 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 0 54 theme Organic 49:55 arg1 C 57:57 Extracellular Organic C 35:57 Extracellular Organic C 35:57 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 1 55 theme matter 293:298 arg1 consumption 300:310 photoautotroph organic matter consumption 270:310 photoautotroph organic matter consumption 270:310 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 14 56 theme well-known 2642:2651 arg1 Light 2631:2635 Light 2631:2635 Light 2631:2635 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 14 56 theme well-known 2642:2651 arg1 regulator 2653:2661 a well-known regulator 2640:2661 a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism 2640:2690 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 7 57 theme dark 1327:1330 arg1 conditions 1343:1352 dark, C-starved conditions 1327:1352 dark, C-starved conditions 1327:1352 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 8 58 theme hydrolytic 1649:1658 arg1 activity 1660:1667 a specific hydrolytic activity 1638:1667 a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark 1638:1748 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 4 59 theme organic 798:804 arg1 assimilation 808:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 27353754 16 60 theme community 3123:3131 arg1 interactions 3133:3144 community interactions 3123:3144 community interactions 3123:3144 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 1 61 theme organic 197:203 arg1 role 189:192 a role 187:192 a role 187:192 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 1 61 theme organic 197:203 arg1 consumers 205:213 organic consumers 197:213 organic consumers 197:213 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 11 62 theme primary 2126:2132 arg1 producers 2134:2142 globally distributed primary producers 2105:2142 globally distributed primary producers 2105:2142 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 11 62 theme primary 2126:2132 arg1 Cyanobacteria 2087:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria 2076:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria 2076:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 5 63 theme polymeric 992:1000 arg1 substances 1002:1011 extracellular polymeric substances 978:1011 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 978:1017 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 5 63 theme polymeric 992:1000 arg1 EPS 1014:1016 EPS 1014:1016 EPS 1014:1016 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 14 64 from effects 2717:2723 arg1 incorporation 2754:2766 the incorporation 2750:2766 the incorporation of organic matter 2750:2784 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 12 65 theme matter 2303:2308 arg1 assimilation 2279:2290 assimilation 2279:2290 assimilation of organic matter 2279:2308 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 12 65 theme matter 2303:2308 arg1 degradation 2263:2273 cyanobacterial degradation 2248:2273 cyanobacterial degradation 2248:2273 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 13 66 from biofilms 2463:2470 arg1 relevant 2492:2499 relevant 2492:2499 relevant 2492:2499 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 3 67 theme reuse 531:535 arg1 foundations 501:511 the metabolic foundations 487:511 the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse 487:535 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 16 68 theme organic 3185:3191 arg1 matter 3193:3198 extracellular organic matter 3171:3198 extracellular organic matter 3171:3198 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 7 69 theme extracellular 1536:1548 arg1 domain 1550:1555 the extracellular domain 1532:1555 the extracellular domain 1532:1555 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 16 70 theme the 3079:3081 arg1 dark 3083:3086 the light and the dark 3065:3086 dark 3083:3086 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 3 71 theme light 734:738 arg1 regimes 740:746 different light regimes 724:746 different light regimes 724:746 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 72 theme organic 516:522 arg1 reuse 531:535 organic matter reuse 516:535 organic matter reuse 516:535 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 2 73 from Cyanobacteria 313:325 arg1 biofilms 343:350 phototrophic biofilms 330:350 phototrophic biofilms 330:350 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 10 74 theme successful 1952:1961 arg1 cyanobacteria 1934:1946 biofilm cyanobacteria 1926:1946 biofilm cyanobacteria 1926:1946 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 10 74 theme successful 1952:1961 arg1 competitors 1963:1973 successful competitors 1952:1973 successful competitors for organic C and N 1952:1993 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 7 75 theme exoproteins 1494:1504 arg1 abundance 1469:1477 an increased abundance 1456:1477 an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins 1456:1504 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 8 76 theme increased 1712:1720 arg1 degradation 1726:1736 increased EOM degradation 1712:1736 increased EOM degradation 1712:1736 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 16 77 theme nutrient 3097:3104 arg1 requirements 3106:3117 nutrient requirements 3097:3117 nutrient requirements 3097:3117 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 11 78 theme distributed 2114:2124 arg1 producers 2134:2142 globally distributed primary producers 2105:2142 globally distributed primary producers 2105:2142 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 11 78 theme distributed 2114:2124 arg1 Cyanobacteria 2087:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria 2076:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria 2076:2099 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 1 79 theme primary 155:161 arg1 producers 163:171 many microbial primary producers 140:171 many microbial primary producers 140:171 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 16 80 theme extracellular 3171:3183 arg1 matter 3193:3198 extracellular organic matter 3171:3198 extracellular organic matter 3171:3198 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 9 81 theme Associated 1751:1760 arg1 bacteria 1776:1783 Associated heterotrophic bacteria 1751:1783 Associated heterotrophic bacteria 1751:1783 Associated heterotrophic bacteria increased in abundance and upregulated transport proteins under dark relative to light conditions. 27353754 10 82 theme energy 2032:2037 arg1 requirements 2039:2050 cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements 2004:2050 requirements 2039:2050 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 7 83 link EOM-derived 1389:1399 arg1 matter 1409:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 7 84 theme increased 1459:1467 arg1 abundance 1469:1477 an increased abundance 1456:1477 an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins 1456:1504 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 10 85 theme EOM 2071:2073 arg1 use 2064:2066 the use 2060:2066 the use of EOM 2060:2073 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 14 86 theme organic 2771:2777 arg1 matter 2779:2784 organic matter 2771:2784 organic matter 2771:2784 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 9 87 dep dark 1849:1852 arg1 light 1866:1870 light 1866:1870 light 1866:1870 Associated heterotrophic bacteria increased in abundance and upregulated transport proteins under dark relative to light conditions. 27353754 11 88 theme fixed 2167:2171 arg1 C 2173:2173 their fixed C 2161:2173 their fixed C 2161:2173 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 12 89 theme process 2423:2429 arg1 regulation 2404:2413 regulation 2404:2413 regulation of this process 2404:2429 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 9 90 theme transport 1824:1832 arg1 proteins 1834:1841 transport proteins 1824:1841 transport proteins 1824:1841 Associated heterotrophic bacteria increased in abundance and upregulated transport proteins under dark relative to light conditions. 27353754 16 91 theme light 3069:3073 arg1 dark 3083:3086 the light and the dark 3065:3086 dark 3083:3086 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 4 92 from assimilation 879:890 arg1 community 899:907 the community 895:907 the community 895:907 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 27353754 3 93 theme N-labeled 617:625 arg1 matter 664:669 cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter 627:669 (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) 595:675 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 93 theme N-labeled 617:625 arg1 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 14 94 theme light 2728:2732 arg1 availability 2734:2745 light availability 2728:2745 light availability 2728:2745 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 11 95 theme biogeochemical 2196:2209 arg1 cycling 2211:2217 microbial biogeochemical cycling 2186:2217 microbial biogeochemical cycling 2186:2217 IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are globally distributed primary producers, and the fate of their fixed C influences microbial biogeochemical cycling. 27353754 0 96 theme N 63:63 arg1 Utilization 20:30 Utilization 20:30 Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm 20:91 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 10 97 theme biofilm 1926:1932 arg1 cyanobacteria 1934:1946 biofilm cyanobacteria 1926:1946 biofilm cyanobacteria 1926:1946 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 10 97 theme biofilm 1926:1932 arg1 competitors 1963:1973 successful competitors 1952:1973 successful competitors for organic C and N 1952:1993 Taken together, our results indicate that biofilm cyanobacteria are successful competitors for organic C and N and that cyanobacterial nutrient and energy requirements control the use of EOM. 27353754 0 98 from Utilization 20:30 arg1 Biofilm 85:91 a Cyanobacterial Biofilm 68:91 a Cyanobacterial Biofilm 68:91 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 6 99 theme inhibition 1219:1228 arg1 experiments 1230:1240 photosynthesis inhibition experiments 1204:1240 photosynthesis inhibition experiments 1204:1240 This interpretation was supported by photosynthesis inhibition experiments, in which cyanobacteria incorporated N-rich EOM-derived material. 27353754 1 100 theme many 140:143 arg1 producers 163:171 many microbial primary producers 140:171 many microbial primary producers 140:171 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 15 101 theme isotope 2800:2806 arg1 tracing 2808:2814 stable isotope tracing 2793:2814 stable isotope tracing 2793:2814 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 5 102 theme daylight 1151:1158 arg1 hours 1160:1164 daylight hours 1151:1164 daylight hours 1151:1164 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 15 103 theme metabolic 2900:2908 arg1 conditions 2910:2919 different metabolic conditions 2890:2919 different metabolic conditions 2890:2919 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 12 104 theme poor 2355:2358 arg1 competitors 2360:2370 poor competitors 2355:2370 poor competitors for organic matter consumption 2355:2401 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 1 105 dep becoming 120:127 arg1 UNLABELLED 94:103 UNLABELLED 94:103 UNLABELLED 94:103 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 7 106 theme C-rich 1382:1387 arg1 matter 1409:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 C-rich EOM-derived organic matter 1382:1414 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 8 107 theme one 1603:1605 arg1 modeling 1591:1598 Sequence-structure modeling 1572:1598 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins 1572:1626 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 15 108 theme different 2890:2898 arg1 conditions 2910:2919 different metabolic conditions 2890:2919 different metabolic conditions 2890:2919 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 5 109 theme photosynthesis 916:929 arg1 conditions 931:940 photosynthesis conditions 916:940 photosynthesis conditions 916:940 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 12 110 theme matter 2384:2389 arg1 consumption 2391:2401 organic matter consumption 2376:2401 organic matter consumption 2376:2401 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 13 111 theme nutrients 2620:2628 arg1 source 2610:2615 a rich source 2603:2615 a rich source of nutrients 2603:2628 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 2 112 theme organic 376:382 arg1 carbon 384:389 extracellular organic carbon 362:389 extracellular organic carbon 362:389 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 1 113 theme metabolic 246:254 arg1 regulation 256:265 the metabolic regulation 242:265 the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption 242:310 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 13 114 theme organic 2544:2550 arg1 matrix 2566:2571 an extensive organic extracellular matrix 2531:2571 an extensive organic extracellular matrix 2531:2571 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 6 115 theme N-rich 1279:1284 arg1 material 1298:1305 N-rich EOM-derived material 1279:1305 N-rich EOM-derived material 1279:1305 This interpretation was supported by photosynthesis inhibition experiments, in which cyanobacteria incorporated N-rich EOM-derived material. 27353754 2 116 theme extracellular 421:433 arg1 processes 435:443 extracellular processes 421:443 extracellular processes 421:443 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 12 117 theme organic 2376:2382 arg1 consumption 2391:2401 organic matter consumption 2376:2401 organic matter consumption 2376:2401 This fate is complicated by cyanobacterial degradation and assimilation of organic matter, but because cyanobacteria are assumed to be poor competitors for organic matter consumption, regulation of this process is not well tested. 27353754 3 118 theme matter 664:669 arg1 composition 562:572 exoproteome composition 550:572 exoproteome composition 550:572 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 118 theme matter 664:669 arg1 incorporation 578:590 incorporation 578:590 incorporation 578:590 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 13 119 from relevant 2492:2499 arg1 mats 2454:2457 mats 2454:2457 mats 2454:2457 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 13 119 from relevant 2492:2499 arg1 biofilms 2463:2470 biofilms 2463:2470 biofilms 2463:2470 In mats and biofilms, this is especially relevant because cyanobacteria produce an extensive organic extracellular matrix, providing the community with a rich source of nutrients. 27353754 2 120 theme extracellular 362:374 arg1 carbon 384:389 extracellular organic carbon 362:389 extracellular organic carbon 362:389 Cyanobacteria in phototrophic biofilms can reuse extracellular organic carbon, but the metabolic drivers of extracellular processes are surprisingly complex. 27353754 0 121 theme Extracellular 35:47 arg1 C 57:57 Extracellular Organic C 35:57 Extracellular Organic C 35:57 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 14 122 theme cyanobacterial 2666:2679 arg1 metabolism 2681:2690 cyanobacterial metabolism 2666:2690 cyanobacterial metabolism 2666:2690 Light is a well-known regulator of cyanobacterial metabolism, so we characterized the effects of light availability on the incorporation of organic matter. 27353754 8 123 theme specific 1640:1647 arg1 activity 1660:1667 a specific hydrolytic activity 1638:1667 a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark 1638:1748 Sequence-structure modeling of one of these exoproteins predicted a specific hydrolytic activity that was subsequently detected, confirming increased EOM degradation in the dark. 27353754 3 124 theme extracellular 642:654 arg1 matter 664:669 cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter 627:669 (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) 595:675 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 3 124 theme extracellular 642:654 arg1 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 EOM 672:674 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 0 125 theme C 57:57 arg1 Utilization 20:30 Utilization 20:30 Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm 20:91 Light Regimes Shape Utilization of Extracellular Organic C and N in a Cyanobacterial Biofilm. 27353754 1 126 theme organic 285:291 arg1 consumption 300:310 photoautotroph organic matter consumption 270:310 photoautotroph organic matter consumption 270:310 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 16 127 theme organic 3047:3053 arg1 matter 3055:3060 organic matter 3047:3060 organic matter 3047:3060 We found that cyanobacteria effectively compete for organic matter in the light and the dark and that nutrient requirements and community interactions contribute to cycling of extracellular organic matter. 27353754 1 128 theme consumption 300:310 arg1 regulation 256:265 the metabolic regulation 242:265 the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption 242:310 UNLABELLED Although it is becoming clear that many microbial primary producers can also play a role as organic consumers, we know very little about the metabolic regulation of photoautotroph organic matter consumption. 27353754 5 129 theme extracellular 978:990 arg1 substances 1002:1011 extracellular polymeric substances 978:1011 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 978:1017 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 5 129 theme extracellular 978:990 arg1 EPS 1014:1016 EPS 1014:1016 EPS 1014:1016 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 4 130 theme direct 791:796 arg1 assimilation 808:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 27353754 3 131 theme metabolic 491:499 arg1 foundations 501:511 the metabolic foundations 487:511 the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse 487:535 We investigated the metabolic foundations of organic matter reuse by comparing exoproteome composition and incorporation of (13)C-labeled and (15)N-labeled cyanobacterial extracellular organic matter (EOM) in a unicyanobacterial biofilm incubated using different light regimes. 27353754 7 132 theme C 1561:1561 arg1 storage 1563:1569 C storage 1561:1569 C storage 1561:1569 In contrast, under dark, C-starved conditions, cyanobacteria incorporated C-rich EOM-derived organic matter, decreased excretion of EPS, and showed an increased abundance of degradative exoproteins, demonstrating the use of the extracellular domain for C storage. 27353754 5 133 theme substances 1002:1011 arg1 excretion 965:973 increased excretion 955:973 increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 955:1017 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 5 133 theme substances 1002:1011 arg1 proteins 1023:1030 proteins 1023:1030 proteins involved in micronutrient transport 1023:1066 Under photosynthesis conditions, we measured increased excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins involved in micronutrient transport, suggesting that requirements for micronutrients may drive EOM assimilation during daylight hours. 27353754 15 134 with results 2940:2946 arg1 proteomics 2953:2962 proteomics 2953:2962 proteomics 2953:2962 Using stable isotope tracing at the single-cell level, we quantified photoautotroph assimilation under different metabolic conditions and integrated the results with proteomics to elucidate metabolic status. 27353754 4 135 theme C 806:806 arg1 assimilation 808:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation 776:819 In the light and the dark, cyanobacterial direct organic C assimilation accounted for 32% and 43%, respectively, of all organic C assimilation in the community. 25412478 0 0 theme γ-irradiation-induced 49:69 arg1 degradation 71:81 the γ-irradiation-induced degradation 45:81 the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates 45:94 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 5 1 contain had 824:826 arg2 effects 842:848 only marginal effects 828:848 only marginal effects 828:848 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 5 1 contain had 824:826 arg1 Changes 803:809 Changes 803:809 Changes in pH itself 803:822 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 4 2 theme Tris 689:692 arg1 buffer 694:699 Tris buffer 689:699 Tris buffer (0.5 M) 689:707 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 4 2 theme Tris 689:692 arg1 M 706:706 0.5 M 702:706 0.5 M 702:706 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 6 3 dep irradiation 1078:1088 arg1 kGy 1099:1101 kGy 1099:1101 kGy 1099:1101 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 6 4 theme alginates 1007:1015 arg1 composition 974:984 the chemical composition 961:984 the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, 961:1052 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 6 4 theme alginates 1007:1015 arg1 profile 991:997 M/G profile 987:997 M/G profile 987:997 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 0 5 from Influence 0:8 arg1 degradation 71:81 the γ-irradiation-induced degradation 45:81 the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates 45:94 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 5 6 theme protective 897:906 arg1 effect 908:913 the protective effect 893:913 the protective effect of amino acids 893:928 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 5 7 theme marginal 833:840 arg1 effects 842:848 only marginal effects 828:848 only marginal effects 828:848 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 1 8 theme gel 245:247 arg1 state 260:264 the gel (hydrated) state 241:264 the gel (hydrated) state 241:264 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 4 9 theme degradation 785:795 arg1 rate 797:800 the degradation rate 781:800 the degradation rate 781:800 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 3 10 dep distributions 589:601 arg1 using 603:607 using 603:607 using SEC-MALLS 603:617 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 10 dep distributions 589:601 arg1 determining 623:633 determining 623:633 determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 623:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 11 theme radical 410:416 arg1 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 11 theme radical 410:416 arg1 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 11 theme radical 410:416 arg1 acids 435:439 free radical scavenging amino acids 405:439 free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine 405:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 0 12 theme alginates 86:94 arg1 degradation 71:81 the γ-irradiation-induced degradation 45:81 the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates 45:94 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 3 13 theme free 405:408 arg1 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 13 theme free 405:408 arg1 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 13 theme free 405:408 arg1 acids 435:439 free radical scavenging amino acids 405:439 free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine 405:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 5 14 theme alginate 865:872 arg1 degradation 874:884 alginate degradation 865:884 alginate degradation 865:884 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 5 15 theme degradation 874:884 arg1 rate 857:860 the rate 853:860 the rate of alginate degradation 853:884 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 3 16 from changes 557:563 arg1 distributions 589:601 the molecular weight distributions 568:601 the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 568:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 17 theme pseudo 639:644 arg1 constants 663:671 the pseudo first order rate constants 635:671 the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 635:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 0 18 theme acids 19:23 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 0:95 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 1 19 dep means 190:194 arg1 either 214:219 either 214:219 either 214:219 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 6 20 dep kGy 1099:1101 arg1 10 1096:1097 10 1096:1097 10 1096:1097 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 6 21 theme chemical 965:972 arg1 composition 974:984 the chemical composition 961:984 the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, 961:1052 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 6 21 theme chemical 965:972 arg1 profile 991:997 M/G profile 987:997 M/G profile 987:997 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 3 22 theme amino 429:433 arg1 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 22 theme amino 429:433 arg1 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 22 theme amino 429:433 arg1 acids 435:439 free radical scavenging amino acids 405:439 free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine 405:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 0 23 theme amino 13:17 arg1 acids 19:23 amino acids 13:23 amino acids 13:23 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 3 24 theme acids 435:439 arg1 addition 393:400 The addition 389:400 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine 389:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 0 25 theme buffers 26:32 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 0:95 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 1 26 theme sterilization 199:211 arg1 devices 137:143 medical devices 129:143 medical devices 129:143 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 26 theme sterilization 199:211 arg1 biomaterials 112:123 Alginate-based biomaterials 97:123 Alginate-based biomaterials 97:123 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 26 theme sterilization 199:211 arg1 means 190:194 a means 188:194 a means of sterilization 188:211 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 4 27 theme similar 763:769 arg1 effect 771:776 a similar effect 761:776 a similar effect 761:776 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 6 28 theme M/G 987:989 arg1 composition 974:984 the chemical composition 961:984 the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, 961:1052 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 6 28 theme M/G 987:989 arg1 profile 991:997 M/G profile 987:997 M/G profile 987:997 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 2 29 theme material 368:375 arg1 properties 377:386 alginates' material properties 357:386 alginates' material properties 357:386 In this process the alginate chains degrade randomly in a dose-dependent manner, altering alginates' material properties. 25412478 3 30 theme molecular 572:580 arg1 distributions 589:601 the molecular weight distributions 568:601 the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 568:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 31 theme scavenging 418:427 arg1 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 histidine 449:457 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 31 theme scavenging 418:427 arg1 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 phenylalanine 463:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 31 theme scavenging 418:427 arg1 acids 435:439 free radical scavenging amino acids 405:439 free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine 405:475 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 1 32 theme hydrated 250:257 arg1 state 260:264 the gel (hydrated) state 241:264 the gel (hydrated) state 241:264 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 33 theme Alginate-based 97:110 arg1 devices 137:143 medical devices 129:143 medical devices 129:143 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 33 theme Alginate-based 97:110 arg1 biomaterials 112:123 Alginate-based biomaterials 97:123 Alginate-based biomaterials 97:123 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 33 theme Alginate-based 97:110 arg1 means 190:194 a means 188:194 a means of sterilization 188:211 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 3 34 theme degradation 676:686 arg1 constants 663:671 the pseudo first order rate constants 635:671 the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 635:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 35 theme rate 658:661 arg1 constants 663:671 the pseudo first order rate constants 635:671 the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 635:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 5 36 theme amino 918:922 arg1 acids 924:928 amino acids 918:928 amino acids 918:928 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 4 37 theme phosphate 739:747 arg1 buffers 749:755 phosphate buffers 739:755 phosphate buffers 739:755 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 2 38 theme alginate 287:294 arg1 chains 296:301 the alginate chains 283:301 the alginate chains 283:301 In this process the alginate chains degrade randomly in a dose-dependent manner, altering alginates' material properties. 25412478 6 39 theme homopolymeric 1028:1040 arg1 mannuronan 1042:1051 homopolymeric mannuronan 1028:1051 homopolymeric mannuronan 1028:1051 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 3 40 theme first 646:650 arg1 constants 663:671 the pseudo first order rate constants 635:671 the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 635:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 5 41 theme acids 924:928 arg1 effect 908:913 the protective effect 893:913 the protective effect of amino acids 893:928 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 1 42 theme medical 129:135 arg1 means 190:194 a means 188:194 a means of sterilization 188:211 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 42 theme medical 129:135 arg1 devices 137:143 medical devices 129:143 medical devices 129:143 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 1 42 theme medical 129:135 arg1 biomaterials 112:123 Alginate-based biomaterials 97:123 Alginate-based biomaterials 97:123 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 25412478 4 43 contain had 757:759 arg1 buffers 749:755 phosphate buffers 739:755 phosphate buffers 739:755 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 4 43 contain had 757:759 arg2 effect 771:776 a similar effect 761:776 a similar effect 761:776 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 4 43 contain had 757:759 arg1 acetate 718:724 acetate 718:724 acetate 718:724 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 4 43 contain had 757:759 arg1 M 706:706 0.5 M 702:706 0.5 M 702:706 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 4 43 contain had 757:759 arg1 citrate 727:733 citrate 727:733 citrate 727:733 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 4 43 contain had 757:759 arg1 buffer 694:699 Tris buffer 689:699 Tris buffer (0.5 M) 689:707 Tris buffer (0.5 M), but not acetate, citrate, or phosphate buffers had a similar effect on the degradation rate. 25412478 3 44 theme order 652:656 arg1 constants 663:671 the pseudo first order rate constants 635:671 the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 635:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 3 45 theme weight 582:587 arg1 distributions 589:601 the molecular weight distributions 568:601 the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation 568:686 The addition of free radical scavenging amino acids such as histidine and phenylalanine protects the alginate significantly against degradation, as shown by monitoring changes in the molecular weight distributions using SEC-MALLS and determining the pseudo first order rate constants of degradation. 25412478 6 46 dep 10 1096:1097 arg1 to 1093:1094 to 1093:1094 to 1093:1094 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 2 47 theme dose-dependent 325:338 arg1 manner 340:345 a dose-dependent manner 323:345 a dose-dependent manner 323:345 In this process the alginate chains degrade randomly in a dose-dependent manner, altering alginates' material properties. 25412478 6 48 theme previous 943:950 arg1 reports 952:958 previous reports 943:958 previous reports 943:958 Contrary to previous reports, the chemical composition (M/G profile) of the alginates, including homopolymeric mannuronan, was unaltered following irradiation up to 10 kGy. 25412478 0 49 theme ph 39:40 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 0:95 Influence of amino acids, buffers, and ph on the γ-irradiation-induced degradation of alginates. 25412478 5 50 from Changes 803:809 arg1 pH 814:815 pH 814:815 pH itself 814:822 Changes in pH itself had only marginal effects on the rate of alginate degradation and on the protective effect of amino acids. 25412478 1 51 theme dry 228:230 arg1 state 232:236 the dry state 224:236 the dry state 224:236 Alginate-based biomaterials and medical devices are commonly subjected to γ-irradiation as a means of sterilization, either in the dry state or the gel (hydrated) state. 28541950 3 0 theme PSf 679:681 arg1 content 683:689 PSf content 679:689 PSf content in the polymer composition 679:716 The water flux expanded by increasing of PSf content in the polymer composition. 28541950 1 1 theme former 254:259 arg1 pore 249:252 a pore former 247:259 a pore former 247:259 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 0 2 theme metals 100:105 arg1 removal 83:89 removal 83:89 removal of heavy metals from water 83:116 High-performance cellulose acetate/polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes for removal of heavy metals from water. 28541950 2 3 dep flux 466:469 arg1 permeate 457:464 permeate 457:464 permeate 457:464 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 1 4 theme PSf 167:169 arg1 blend 172:176 CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend 151:176 CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend 151:176 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 6 5 dep flux 1032:1035 arg1 permeate 1023:1030 permeate 1023:1030 permeate 1023:1030 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 2 6 theme composition 568:578 arg1 impact 544:549 the impact 540:549 the impact of polymer blend composition 540:578 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 7 theme membranes 627:635 arg1 properties 600:609 the properties 596:609 the properties of the modified membranes 596:635 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 5 8 theme > 893:893 arg1 Ni2+ 895:898 Zn2+ > Ni2+ 888:898 Zn2+ > Ni2+ 888:898 Prepared blend membranes were able to remove heavy metals from water in the following order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. 28541950 2 9 theme blend 562:566 arg1 composition 568:578 polymer blend composition 554:578 polymer blend composition 554:578 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 10 theme modified 618:625 arg1 membranes 627:635 the modified membranes 614:635 the modified membranes 614:635 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 11 dep transform 361:369 arg1 infrared 371:378 infrared 371:378 transform infrared 361:378 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 3 12 theme polymer 698:704 arg1 composition 706:716 the polymer composition 694:716 the polymer composition 694:716 The water flux expanded by increasing of PSf content in the polymer composition. 28541950 6 13 theme heavy 998:1002 arg1 removal 1011:1017 the high heavy metals removal 989:1017 the high heavy metals removal 989:1017 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 2 14 theme mechanical 411:420 arg1 strength 422:429 mechanical strength 411:429 mechanical strength 411:429 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 5 15 theme following 857:865 arg1 order 867:871 the following order 853:871 the following order 853:871 Prepared blend membranes were able to remove heavy metals from water in the following order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. 28541950 6 16 theme blend 920:924 arg1 membrane 926:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane 901:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane 901:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 6 17 theme metals 1004:1009 arg1 removal 1011:1017 the high heavy metals removal 989:1017 the high heavy metals removal 989:1017 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 1 18 theme blend 172:176 arg1 membranes 194:202 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes 119:202 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former 119:259 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 3 19 from content 683:689 arg1 composition 706:716 the polymer composition 694:716 the polymer composition 694:716 The water flux expanded by increasing of PSf content in the polymer composition. 28541950 1 20 theme ultrafiltration 178:192 arg1 membranes 194:202 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes 119:202 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former 119:259 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 0 21 theme High-performance 0:15 arg1 cellulose 17:25 High-performance cellulose 0:25 High-performance cellulose 0:25 High-performance cellulose acetate/polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes for removal of heavy metals from water. 28541950 6 22 theme CA/PSf 905:910 arg1 membrane 926:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane 901:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane 901:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 3 23 theme water 642:646 arg1 flux 648:651 The water flux 638:651 The water flux 638:651 The water flux expanded by increasing of PSf content in the polymer composition. 28541950 2 24 theme prepared 312:319 arg1 membranes 321:329 The prepared membranes 308:329 The prepared membranes 308:329 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 25 theme electron 390:397 arg1 microscopy 399:408 scanning electron microscopy 381:408 scanning electron microscopy 381:408 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 0 26 theme blend 47:51 arg1 membranes 69:77 blend ultrafiltration membranes 47:77 blend ultrafiltration membranes 47:77 High-performance cellulose acetate/polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes for removal of heavy metals from water. 28541950 1 27 theme phase 281:285 arg1 technique 297:305 a phase inversion technique 279:305 a phase inversion technique 279:305 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 1 28 theme Neat 119:122 arg1 CA 143:144 CA 143:144 CA 143:144 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 1 28 theme Neat 119:122 arg1 acetate 134:140 Neat cellulose acetate 119:140 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) 119:145 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 6 29 theme high 993:996 arg1 removal 1011:1017 the high heavy metals removal 989:1017 the high heavy metals removal 989:1017 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 5 30 theme blend 790:794 arg1 membranes 796:804 Prepared blend membranes 781:804 Prepared blend membranes 781:804 Prepared blend membranes were able to remove heavy metals from water in the following order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. 28541950 1 31 theme inversion 287:295 arg1 technique 297:305 a phase inversion technique 279:305 a phase inversion technique 279:305 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 1 32 theme cellulose 124:132 arg1 CA 143:144 CA 143:144 CA 143:144 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 1 32 theme cellulose 124:132 arg1 acetate 134:140 Neat cellulose acetate 119:140 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) 119:145 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 2 33 theme water 432:436 arg1 content 438:444 water content 432:444 water content 432:444 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 6 34 theme prepared 963:970 arg1 membranes 972:980 prepared membranes 963:980 prepared membranes 963:980 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 0 35 theme ultrafiltration 53:67 arg1 membranes 69:77 blend ultrafiltration membranes 47:77 blend ultrafiltration membranes 47:77 High-performance cellulose acetate/polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes for removal of heavy metals from water. 28541950 4 36 contain had 734:736 arg1 CA/PSf 719:724 CA/PSf 719:724 CA/PSf (60/40) 719:732 CA/PSf (60/40) had the highest flux among prepared membranes. 28541950 4 36 contain had 734:736 arg1 60/40 727:731 60/40 727:731 60/40 727:731 CA/PSf (60/40) had the highest flux among prepared membranes. 28541950 4 36 contain had 734:736 arg2 flux 750:753 the highest flux 738:753 the highest flux 738:753 CA/PSf (60/40) had the highest flux among prepared membranes. 28541950 2 37 theme heavy 475:479 arg1 Cd2+ 495:498 Cd2+ 495:498 Cd2+ 495:498 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 37 theme heavy 475:479 arg1 Zn2+ 501:504 Zn2+ 501:504 Zn2+ 501:504 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 37 theme heavy 475:479 arg1 Ni2+ 510:513 Ni2+ 510:513 Ni2+ 510:513 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 37 theme heavy 475:479 arg1 Pb2+ 489:492 Pb2+ 489:492 Pb2+ 489:492 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 37 theme heavy 475:479 arg1 metals 481:486 heavy metals 475:486 heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) 475:514 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 5 38 theme Prepared 781:788 arg1 membranes 796:804 Prepared blend membranes 781:804 Prepared blend membranes 781:804 Prepared blend membranes were able to remove heavy metals from water in the following order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. 28541950 2 39 theme polymer 554:560 arg1 composition 568:578 polymer blend composition 554:578 polymer blend composition 554:578 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 1 40 theme acetate 134:140 arg1 membranes 194:202 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes 119:202 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former 119:259 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 5 41 theme Zn2+ 888:891 arg1 Ni2+ 895:898 Zn2+ > Ni2+ 888:898 Zn2+ > Ni2+ 888:898 Prepared blend membranes were able to remove heavy metals from water in the following order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. 28541950 2 42 dep metals 481:486 arg1 metals 481:486 heavy metals 475:486 heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) 475:514 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 42 dep metals 481:486 arg1 Zn2+ 501:504 Zn2+ 501:504 Zn2+ 501:504 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 42 dep metals 481:486 arg1 Cd2+ 495:498 Cd2+ 495:498 Cd2+ 495:498 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 42 dep metals 481:486 arg1 Pb2+ 489:492 Pb2+ 489:492 Pb2+ 489:492 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 42 dep metals 481:486 arg1 Ni2+ 510:513 Ni2+ 510:513 Ni2+ 510:513 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 2 43 dep Fourier 353:359 arg1 transform 361:369 transform 361:369 transform infrared 361:378 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 1 44 theme polyvinylpyrrolidone 223:242 arg1 presence 211:218 the presence 207:218 the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone 207:242 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 4 45 theme highest 742:748 arg1 flux 750:753 the highest flux 738:753 the highest flux 738:753 CA/PSf (60/40) had the highest flux among prepared membranes. 28541950 6 46 contain had 935:937 arg2 performance 945:955 great performance 939:955 great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux 939:1035 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 6 46 contain had 935:937 arg1 membrane 926:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane 901:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane 901:933 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 6 47 theme great 939:943 arg1 performance 945:955 great performance 939:955 great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux 939:1035 The CA/PSf (80/20) blend membrane had great performance among prepared membranes due to the high heavy metals removal and permeate flux. 28541950 0 48 theme heavy 94:98 arg1 metals 100:105 heavy metals 94:105 heavy metals 94:105 High-performance cellulose acetate/polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes for removal of heavy metals from water. 28541950 0 49 from water 112:116 arg1 removal 83:89 removal 83:89 removal of heavy metals from water 83:116 High-performance cellulose acetate/polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes for removal of heavy metals from water. 28541950 4 50 theme prepared 761:768 arg1 membranes 770:778 prepared membranes 761:778 prepared membranes 761:778 CA/PSf (60/40) had the highest flux among prepared membranes. 28541950 1 51 from membranes 194:202 arg1 presence 211:218 the presence 207:218 the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone 207:242 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 28541950 2 52 theme scanning 381:388 arg1 microscopy 399:408 scanning electron microscopy 381:408 scanning electron microscopy 381:408 The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, water content, porosity, permeate flux and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) rejection to comprehend the impact of polymer blend composition and additive on the properties of the modified membranes. 28541950 5 53 theme heavy 826:830 arg1 metals 832:837 heavy metals 826:837 heavy metals 826:837 Prepared blend membranes were able to remove heavy metals from water in the following order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. 28541950 1 54 theme CA/polysulfone 151:164 arg1 blend 172:176 CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend 151:176 CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend 151:176 Neat cellulose acetate (CA) and CA/polysulfone (PSf) blend ultrafiltration membranes in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore former were prepared via a phase inversion technique. 26004368 2 0 theme smart 482:486 arg1 layer 496:500 the smart coating layer 478:500 the smart coating layer 478:500 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 5 1 theme size 1117:1120 arg1 analysis 1122:1129 particle size analysis 1108:1129 particle size analysis 1108:1129 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 2 2 theme double-layered 360:373 arg1 microcapsule 375:386 A double-layered microcapsule 358:386 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer 358:571 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 1 3 theme infant 284:289 arg1 formula 291:297 powdered infant formula 275:297 powdered infant formula (PIF) 275:303 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 1 3 theme infant 284:289 arg1 PIF 300:302 PIF 300:302 PIF 300:302 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 0 4 theme infant 94:99 arg1 formula 101:107 powdered infant formula 85:107 powdered infant formula 85:107 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 26004368 1 5 theme microencapsulation 180:197 arg1 formulation 199:209 microencapsulation formulation 180:209 microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria 180:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 5 6 theme surface 971:977 arg1 texture 979:985 surface texture 971:985 surface texture 971:985 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 4 7 theme smart 762:766 arg1 layer 776:780 the smart coating layer 758:780 the smart coating layer 758:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 5 8 dep microcapsules 1021:1033 arg1 characterised 1058:1070 characterised 1058:1070 have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis 1035:1129 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 5 9 theme high 921:924 arg1 stability 926:934 a high stability 919:934 a high stability of the bacteria 919:950 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 2 10 theme poloxamer 563:571 arg1 combination 514:524 a combination 512:524 a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer 512:571 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 4 11 theme molecular 707:715 arg1 weight 717:722 A high molecular weight 700:722 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer 700:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 4 12 theme HPC 727:729 arg1 weight 717:722 A high molecular weight 700:722 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer 700:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 4 13 theme high 702:705 arg1 weight 717:722 A high molecular weight 700:722 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer 700:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 4 14 from microcapsules 837:849 arg1 release 804:810 a delayed release 794:810 a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition 794:883 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 4 14 from microcapsules 837:849 arg1 composition 873:883 the PIF composition 865:883 the PIF composition 865:883 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 2 15 dep layer 449:453 arg1 layer 496:500 the smart coating layer 478:500 the smart coating layer 478:500 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 1 16 from polymers 168:175 arg1 formulation 199:209 microencapsulation formulation 180:209 microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria 180:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 4 17 theme layer 776:780 arg1 thickness 745:753 a greater thickness 735:753 a greater thickness of the smart coating layer 735:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 4 17 theme layer 776:780 arg1 HPC 727:729 HPC 727:729 HPC 727:729 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 1 18 theme probiotic 214:222 arg1 bacteria 224:231 probiotic bacteria 214:231 probiotic bacteria 214:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 2 19 theme outer 462:466 arg1 cellulose 420:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 399:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 399:435 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 19 theme outer 462:466 arg1 layer 468:472 an outer layer 459:472 an outer layer 459:472 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 5 20 theme particle 1108:1115 arg1 analysis 1122:1129 particle size analysis 1108:1129 particle size analysis 1108:1129 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 4 21 theme coating 768:774 arg1 layer 776:780 the smart coating layer 758:780 the smart coating layer 758:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 2 22 contain containing 388:397 arg2 layer 468:472 an outer layer 459:472 an outer layer 459:472 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 22 contain containing 388:397 arg1 microcapsule 375:386 A double-layered microcapsule 358:386 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer 358:571 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 22 contain containing 388:397 arg2 HPMC 431:434 HPMC 431:434 HPMC 431:434 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 22 contain containing 388:397 arg2 layer 449:453 an inner layer 440:453 an inner layer 440:453 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 22 contain containing 388:397 arg2 cellulose 420:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 399:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 399:435 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 4 23 theme greater 737:743 arg1 thickness 745:753 a greater thickness 735:753 a greater thickness of the smart coating layer 735:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 2 24 theme methyl 413:418 arg1 cellulose 420:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 399:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 399:435 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 24 theme methyl 413:418 arg1 layer 468:472 an outer layer 459:472 an outer layer 459:472 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 24 theme methyl 413:418 arg1 layer 449:453 an inner layer 440:453 an inner layer 440:453 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 24 theme methyl 413:418 arg1 HPMC 431:434 HPMC 431:434 HPMC 431:434 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 5 25 theme microcapsules 1021:1033 arg1 texture 979:985 surface texture 971:985 surface texture 971:985 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 5 25 theme microcapsules 1021:1033 arg1 distribution 1005:1016 particle size distribution 991:1016 particle size distribution 991:1016 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 2 26 theme hydroxypropyl 399:411 arg1 cellulose 420:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 399:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 399:435 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 26 theme hydroxypropyl 399:411 arg1 layer 468:472 an outer layer 459:472 an outer layer 459:472 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 26 theme hydroxypropyl 399:411 arg1 layer 449:453 an inner layer 440:453 an inner layer 440:453 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 26 theme hydroxypropyl 399:411 arg1 HPMC 431:434 HPMC 431:434 HPMC 431:434 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 0 27 theme bacteria 32:39 arg1 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 0:108 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 26004368 2 28 theme cellulose 543:551 arg1 combination 514:524 a combination 512:524 a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer 512:571 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 1 29 from application 128:138 arg1 formulation 199:209 microencapsulation formulation 180:209 microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria 180:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 5 30 theme bacteria 943:950 arg1 stability 926:934 a high stability 919:934 a high stability of the bacteria 919:950 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 0 31 theme probiotic 22:30 arg1 bacteria 32:39 probiotic bacteria 22:39 probiotic bacteria 22:39 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 26004368 2 32 theme hydroxypropyl 529:541 arg1 HPC 554:556 HPC 554:556 HPC 554:556 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 32 theme hydroxypropyl 529:541 arg1 cellulose 543:551 hydroxypropyl cellulose 529:551 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) 529:557 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 3 33 theme superior 640:647 arg1 protection 649:658 superior protection 640:658 superior protection against the reconstitution temperature 640:697 Generally, this specific microencapsulation provided superior protection against the reconstitution temperature. 26004368 4 34 theme thickness 745:753 arg1 weight 717:722 A high molecular weight 700:722 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer 700:780 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 0 35 theme thermo-sensitive 47:62 arg1 polymers 72:79 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers 47:79 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers 47:79 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 26004368 5 36 theme particle 991:998 arg1 distribution 1005:1016 particle size distribution 991:1016 particle size distribution 991:1016 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 1 37 theme bacteria 224:231 arg1 formulation 199:209 microencapsulation formulation 180:209 microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria 180:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 5 38 theme scanning 1075:1082 arg1 microscopy 1093:1102 scanning electron microscopy 1075:1102 scanning electron microscopy 1075:1102 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 5 39 theme size 1000:1003 arg1 distribution 1005:1016 particle size distribution 991:1016 particle size distribution 991:1016 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 5 40 theme electron 1084:1091 arg1 microscopy 1093:1102 scanning electron microscopy 1075:1102 scanning electron microscopy 1075:1102 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 4 41 theme bacteria 819:826 arg1 release 804:810 a delayed release 794:810 a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition 794:883 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 5 42 dep 70 °C. 955:960 arg1 Both 962:965 Both 962:965 Both 962:965 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 0 43 theme sol-gel 64:70 arg1 polymers 72:79 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers 47:79 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers 47:79 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 26004368 3 44 theme reconstitution 672:685 arg1 temperature 687:697 the reconstitution temperature 668:697 the reconstitution temperature 668:697 Generally, this specific microencapsulation provided superior protection against the reconstitution temperature. 26004368 3 45 theme specific 603:610 arg1 microencapsulation 612:629 this specific microencapsulation 598:629 this specific microencapsulation 598:629 Generally, this specific microencapsulation provided superior protection against the reconstitution temperature. 26004368 1 46 theme thermo-sensitive 143:158 arg1 polymers 168:175 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers 143:175 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria 143:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 1 46 theme thermo-sensitive 143:158 arg1 lactis 263:268 Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis 234:268 Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis 234:268 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 4 47 theme PIF 869:871 arg1 composition 873:883 the PIF composition 865:883 the PIF composition 865:883 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 0 48 theme powdered 85:92 arg1 formula 101:107 powdered infant formula 85:107 powdered infant formula 85:107 Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria using thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers for powdered infant formula. 26004368 4 49 theme delayed 796:802 arg1 release 804:810 a delayed release 794:810 a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition 794:883 A high molecular weight of HPC and a greater thickness of the smart coating layer resulted in a delayed release of the bacteria from the microcapsules especially in the PIF composition. 26004368 5 50 dep texture 979:985 arg1 the 967:969 the 967:969 the 967:969 However, this was compensated by a high stability of the bacteria at 70 °C. Both the surface texture and particle size distribution of microcapsules have been respectively characterised by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. 26004368 1 51 theme sol-gel 160:166 arg1 polymers 168:175 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers 143:175 thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria 143:231 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 1 51 theme sol-gel 160:166 arg1 lactis 263:268 Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis 234:268 Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis 234:268 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 2 52 theme coating 488:494 arg1 layer 496:500 the smart coating layer 478:500 the smart coating layer 478:500 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 53 theme inner 443:447 arg1 cellulose 420:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 399:428 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 399:435 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 2 53 theme inner 443:447 arg1 layer 449:453 an inner layer 440:453 an inner layer 440:453 A double-layered microcapsule containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an inner layer and an outer layer, as the smart coating layer, based on a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poloxamer was designed. 26004368 1 54 from formulation 199:209 arg1 application 128:138 the application 124:138 the application 124:138 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 1 55 theme polymers 168:175 arg1 application 128:138 the application 124:138 the application 124:138 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 1 56 theme powdered 275:282 arg1 formula 291:297 powdered infant formula 275:297 powdered infant formula (PIF) 275:303 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 26004368 1 56 theme powdered 275:282 arg1 PIF 300:302 PIF 300:302 PIF 300:302 In this study the application of thermo-sensitive sol-gel polymers in microencapsulation formulation of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis spp lactis, for powdered infant formula (PIF), which is reconstituted at 70 °C, has been assessed. 23973000 2 0 theme graphite 366:373 arg1 oxide 375:379 graphite oxide 366:379 graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS) 366:443 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 2 0 theme graphite 366:373 arg1 oxide 354:358 graphite oxide 345:358 graphite oxide (GO) 345:363 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 1 1 theme adsorption 245:254 arg1 properties 256:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 5 2 with fitting 926:932 arg1 model 948:952 Langmuir model 939:952 Langmuir model 939:952 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 3 3 with characterization 551:566 arg1 techniques 581:590 various techniques 573:590 various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG) 573:617 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 3 4 theme various 573:579 arg1 techniques 581:590 various techniques 573:590 various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG) 573:617 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 2 5 dep oxide 354:358 arg1 GO 361:362 GO 361:362 GO 361:362 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 5 6 theme maximum 897:903 arg1 capacity 916:923 The maximum adsorption capacity 893:923 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C 893:968 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 6 theme maximum 897:903 arg1 mg/g 983:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 0 7 theme toxic 72:76 arg1 ions 86:89 toxic mercury ions 72:89 toxic mercury ions 72:89 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 23973000 5 8 theme GO 958:959 arg1 capacity 916:923 The maximum adsorption capacity 893:923 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C 893:968 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 8 theme GO 958:959 arg1 mg/g 983:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 9 theme adsorption 905:914 arg1 capacity 916:923 The maximum adsorption capacity 893:923 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C 893:968 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 9 theme adsorption 905:914 arg1 mg/g 983:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 4 10 theme order 768:772 arg1 time 748:751 contact time 740:751 contact time (pseudo-second order fitting) 740:781 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 10 theme order 768:772 arg1 fitting 774:780 pseudo-second order fitting 754:780 pseudo-second order fitting 754:780 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 11 from pH 700:701 arg1 desorption 727:736 desorption 727:736 desorption 727:736 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 11 from pH 700:701 arg1 adsorption 712:721 adsorption 712:721 adsorption 712:721 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 5 12 dep nanofilling 1008:1018 arg1 formation 1021:1029 formation 1021:1029 formation of the composite GO/CS 1021:1052 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 0 13 theme ions 86:89 arg1 removal 61:67 the removal 57:67 the removal of toxic mercury ions 57:89 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 23973000 5 14 theme further 1094:1100 arg1 enhancement 1102:1112 a further enhancement 1092:1112 a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g) 1092:1139 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 3 15 dep techniques 581:590 arg1 XRD 609:611 XRD 609:611 XRD 609:611 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 3 15 dep techniques 581:590 arg1 FTIR 603:606 FTIR 603:606 FTIR 603:606 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 3 15 dep techniques 581:590 arg1 SEM/EDAX 593:600 SEM/EDAX 593:600 SEM/EDAX 593:600 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 3 15 dep techniques 581:590 arg1 DTG 614:616 DTG 614:616 DTG 614:616 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 4 16 theme contact 740:746 arg1 time 748:751 contact time 740:751 contact time (pseudo-second order fitting) 740:781 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 16 theme contact 740:746 arg1 pH 700:701 pH 700:701 pH (both in adsorption and desorption) 700:737 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 16 theme contact 740:746 arg1 fitting 774:780 pseudo-second order fitting 754:780 pseudo-second order fitting 754:780 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 0 17 theme mercury 78:84 arg1 ions 86:89 toxic mercury ions 72:89 toxic mercury ions 72:89 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 23973000 4 18 from effect 690:695 arg1 desorption 727:736 desorption 727:736 desorption 727:736 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 18 from effect 690:695 arg1 line 829:832 line 829:832 line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 829:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 18 from effect 690:695 arg1 adsorption 712:721 adsorption 712:721 adsorption 712:721 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 1 19 with materials 214:222 arg1 properties 256:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 5 20 theme CS 1005:1006 arg1 nanofilling 1008:1018 the CS nanofilling 1001:1018 the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS) 1001:1053 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 1 21 theme chitosan 133:140 arg1 role 125:128 the role 121:128 the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 121:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 2 22 theme graphite 345:352 arg1 oxide 375:379 graphite oxide 366:379 graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS) 366:443 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 2 22 theme graphite 345:352 arg1 oxide 354:358 graphite oxide 345:358 graphite oxide (GO) 345:363 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 4 23 theme pH 700:701 arg1 parameters 672:681 various parameters 664:681 various parameters 664:681 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 23 theme pH 700:701 arg1 effect 690:695 the effect 686:695 the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 686:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 24 dep analysis 861:868 arg1 0 874:874 0 874:874 0 874:874 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 24 dep analysis 861:868 arg1 ΔH 878:879 ΔH 878:879 ΔH 878:879 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 24 dep analysis 861:868 arg1 ΔS 885:886 ΔS 885:886 ΔS 885:886 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 5 25 from °C 967:968 arg1 capacity 916:923 The maximum adsorption capacity 893:923 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C 893:968 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 25 from °C 967:968 arg1 mg/g 983:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 26 theme Qmax=187 974:981 arg1 capacity 916:923 The maximum adsorption capacity 893:923 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C 893:968 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 5 26 theme Qmax=187 974:981 arg1 mg/g 983:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 Qmax=187 mg/g 974:986 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 0 27 theme chitosan 12:19 arg1 role 4:7 The role 0:7 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 0:90 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 23973000 1 28 theme composite 204:212 arg1 materials 214:222 composite materials 204:222 composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 204:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 4 29 from °C 821:822 arg1 isotherms 797:805 isotherms 797:805 isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C 797:822 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 2 30 theme magnetic 418:425 arg1 GO/mCS 437:442 GO/mCS 437:442 GO/mCS 437:442 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 2 30 theme magnetic 418:425 arg1 chitosan 427:434 magnetic chitosan 418:434 magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS) 418:443 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 4 31 dep adsorption 712:721 arg1 both 704:707 both 704:707 both 704:707 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 32 theme pseudo-second 754:766 arg1 time 748:751 contact time 740:751 contact time (pseudo-second order fitting) 740:781 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 32 theme pseudo-second 754:766 arg1 fitting 774:780 pseudo-second order fitting 754:780 pseudo-second order fitting 754:780 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 33 theme various 664:670 arg1 parameters 672:681 various parameters 664:681 various parameters 664:681 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 33 theme various 664:670 arg1 effect 690:695 the effect 686:695 the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 686:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 34 with line 829:832 arg1 analysis 861:868 a brief thermodynamic analysis 839:868 a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 839:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 1 35 theme improved 229:236 arg1 properties 256:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 5 36 theme composite 1038:1046 arg1 GO/CS 1048:1052 the composite GO/CS 1034:1052 the composite GO/CS 1034:1052 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 2 37 theme aqueous 295:301 arg1 solutions 303:311 aqueous solutions 295:311 aqueous solutions 295:311 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 0 38 theme graphite 38:45 arg1 oxide 47:51 graphite oxide 38:51 graphite oxide 38:51 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 23973000 1 39 theme Hg 238:239 arg1 properties 256:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 1 40 dep oxide 173:177 arg1 GO 180:181 GO 180:181 GO 180:181 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 3 41 theme Many 446:449 arg1 interactions 460:471 Many possible interactions 446:471 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) 446:500 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 5 42 theme GO/CS 1048:1052 arg1 formation 1021:1029 formation 1021:1029 formation of the composite GO/CS 1021:1052 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 3 43 theme possible 451:458 arg1 interactions 460:471 Many possible interactions 446:471 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) 446:500 Many possible interactions between materials and Hg(II) were observed after adsorption and explained via characterization with various techniques (SEM/EDAX, FTIR, XRD, DTG). 23973000 4 44 theme thermodynamic 847:859 arg1 analysis 861:868 a brief thermodynamic analysis 839:868 a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 839:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 1 45 theme II 241:242 arg1 properties 256:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 229:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 5 46 dep capacity 916:923 arg1 fitting 926:932 fitting 926:932 fitting with Langmuir model 926:952 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 23973000 1 47 theme present 96:102 arg1 study 104:108 The present study 92:108 The present study 92:108 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 4 48 theme brief 841:845 arg1 analysis 861:868 a brief thermodynamic analysis 839:868 a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 839:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 1 49 theme graphite 164:171 arg1 oxide 173:177 graphite oxide 164:177 graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 164:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 4 50 dep temperature 784:794 arg1 isotherms 797:805 isotherms 797:805 isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C 797:822 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 51 from desorption 727:736 arg1 parameters 672:681 various parameters 664:681 various parameters 664:681 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 51 from desorption 727:736 arg1 effect 690:695 the effect 686:695 the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 686:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 52 theme adsorption 624:633 arg1 evaluation 635:644 The adsorption evaluation 620:644 The adsorption evaluation 620:644 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 2 53 from solutions 303:311 arg1 removal 272:278 The removal 268:278 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions 268:311 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 1 54 theme oxide 173:177 arg1 nanofiller 150:159 nanofiller 150:159 nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties 150:265 The present study focuses on the role of chitosan (CS) as nanofiller of graphite oxide (GO) in order to prepare composite materials with improved Hg(II) adsorption properties. 23973000 2 55 theme Hg 283:284 arg1 removal 272:278 The removal 268:278 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions 268:311 The removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using adsorbents as graphite oxide (GO), graphite oxide nanofilled with chitosan (GO/CS) and magnetic chitosan (GO/mCS). 23973000 0 56 theme oxide 47:51 arg1 nanofiller 24:33 nanofiller 24:33 nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions 24:89 The role of chitosan as nanofiller of graphite oxide for the removal of toxic mercury ions. 23973000 4 57 from adsorption 712:721 arg1 parameters 672:681 various parameters 664:681 various parameters 664:681 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 4 57 from adsorption 712:721 arg1 effect 690:695 the effect 686:695 the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)) 686:890 The adsorption evaluation was done studying various parameters as the effect of pH (both in adsorption and desorption), contact time (pseudo-second order fitting), temperature (isotherms at 25, 45, 65 °C), in line with a brief thermodynamic analysis (ΔG(0), ΔH(0), ΔS(0)). 23973000 5 58 theme Langmuir 939:946 arg1 model 948:952 Langmuir model 939:952 Langmuir model 939:952 The maximum adsorption capacity (fitting with Langmuir model) of GO at 25 °C was Qmax=187 mg/g, while after the CS nanofilling (formation of the composite GO/CS), Qmax was increased to 381 mg/g with a further enhancement for GO/mCS (Qmax=397 mg/g). 26233566 9 0 dep observed 1195:1202 arg1 lipid 1298:1302 lipid 1298:1302 lipid 1298:1302 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 6 1 theme bending 847:853 arg1 modulus 855:861 bending modulus 847:861 bending modulus of the vesicles 847:877 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 1 2 theme dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 164:193 arg1 vesicles 195:202 dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles 164:202 dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles 164:202 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 2 3 from variation 310:318 arg1 concentration 337:349 the trehalose concentration 323:349 the trehalose concentration 323:349 The vesicles were prepared only with the variation in the trehalose concentration and adsorbed on the mica surface. 26233566 0 4 from Variation 18:26 arg1 Properties 42:51 Mechanical Properties 31:51 Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution 31:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 10 5 theme mechanical 1326:1335 arg1 properties 1337:1346 the mechanical properties 1322:1346 the mechanical properties 1322:1346 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 1 6 theme vesicles 195:202 arg1 properties 150:159 the nanomechanical properties 131:159 the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles 131:202 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 5 7 theme tip 715:717 arg1 penetration 696:706 each penetration 691:706 each penetration of the tip into each layer 691:733 Each breakthrough represented each penetration of the tip into each layer. 26233566 6 8 theme vesicles 870:877 arg1 modulus 835:841 Young's modulus 827:841 Young's modulus 827:841 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 6 8 theme vesicles 870:877 arg1 modulus 855:861 bending modulus 847:861 bending modulus of the vesicles 847:877 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 9 9 dep ratio 1281:1285 arg1 up 1266:1267 up 1266:1267 up 1266:1267 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 7 10 theme bending 922:928 arg1 modulus 930:936 bending modulus 922:936 bending modulus 922:936 It was found that the Young's modulus and bending modulus decreased proportionally to the increase in the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid. 26233566 3 11 theme tip 530:532 arg1 displacement 534:545 the tip displacement 526:545 the tip displacement 526:545 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 10 12 from effects 1396:1402 arg1 disruption 1429:1438 the headgroup packing disruption 1407:1438 the headgroup packing disruption 1407:1438 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 3 13 theme tip 558:560 arg1 deflection 562:571 the tip deflection 554:571 the tip deflection 554:571 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 3 14 theme displacement 534:545 arg1 plot 518:521 the plot 514:521 the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection 514:571 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 2 15 theme mica 371:374 arg1 surface 376:382 the mica surface 367:382 the mica surface 367:382 The vesicles were prepared only with the variation in the trehalose concentration and adsorbed on the mica surface. 26233566 0 16 from Vesicles 56:63 arg1 Solution 76:83 Aqueous Solution 68:83 Aqueous Solution 68:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 10 17 from results 1311:1317 arg1 properties 1337:1346 the mechanical properties 1322:1346 the mechanical properties 1322:1346 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 7 18 from increase 970:977 arg1 concentration 996:1008 the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 982:1018 the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid 982:1040 It was found that the Young's modulus and bending modulus decreased proportionally to the increase in the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid. 26233566 9 19 located observed 1195:1202 arg2 change 1170:1175 just a slight change 1156:1175 just a slight change in the moduli 1156:1189 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 9 19 located observed 1195:1202 arg1 measurements 1131:1142 the identical measurements 1117:1142 the identical measurements at glucose 1117:1153 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 3 20 theme adsorbed 413:420 arg1 vesicles 422:429 the adsorbed vesicles 409:429 the adsorbed vesicles 409:429 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 9 21 theme glucose 1229:1235 arg1 composition 1237:1247 the glucose composition 1225:1247 the glucose composition from 0 % glucose 1225:1264 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 9 22 from glucose 1258:1264 arg1 increase 1213:1220 the increase 1209:1220 the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose 1209:1264 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 9 22 from glucose 1258:1264 arg1 composition 1237:1247 the glucose composition 1225:1247 the glucose composition from 0 % glucose 1225:1264 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 0 23 from Properties 42:51 arg1 Solution 76:83 Aqueous Solution 68:83 Aqueous Solution 68:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 6 24 theme first 760:764 arg1 breakthrough 766:777 the first breakthrough 756:777 the first breakthrough 756:777 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 2 25 theme trehalose 327:335 arg1 concentration 337:349 the trehalose concentration 323:349 the trehalose concentration 323:349 The vesicles were prepared only with the variation in the trehalose concentration and adsorbed on the mica surface. 26233566 0 26 theme Trehalose-Induced 0:16 arg1 Variation 18:26 Trehalose-Induced Variation 0:26 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution 0:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 3 27 theme deflection 562:571 arg1 plot 518:521 the plot 514:521 the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection 514:571 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 1 28 theme atomic 222:227 arg1 microscope 235:244 atomic force microscope 222:244 atomic force microscope (AFM) 222:250 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 1 28 theme atomic 222:227 arg1 AFM 247:249 AFM 247:249 AFM 247:249 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 0 29 theme Mechanical 31:40 arg1 Properties 42:51 Mechanical Properties 31:51 Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution 31:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 9 30 theme 0 1254:1254 arg1 % 1256:1256 % 1256:1256 % 1256:1256 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 7 31 theme trehalose 1023:1031 arg1 concentration 996:1008 the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 982:1018 the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid 982:1040 It was found that the Young's modulus and bending modulus decreased proportionally to the increase in the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid. 26233566 9 32 theme identical 1121:1129 arg1 measurements 1131:1142 the identical measurements 1117:1142 the identical measurements at glucose 1117:1153 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 1 33 theme force 229:233 arg1 microscope 235:244 atomic force microscope 222:244 atomic force microscope (AFM) 222:250 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 1 33 theme force 229:233 arg1 AFM 247:249 AFM 247:249 AFM 247:249 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 9 34 theme % 1256:1256 arg1 glucose 1258:1264 0 % glucose 1254:1264 0 % glucose 1254:1264 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 10 35 theme volumetric 1385:1394 arg1 effects 1396:1402 the osmotic and volumetric effects 1369:1402 the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption 1369:1438 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 1 36 theme trehalose 104:112 arg1 incorporation 114:126 the trehalose incorporation 100:126 the trehalose incorporation 100:126 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 3 37 theme tip 473:475 arg1 behavior 454:461 the behavior 450:461 the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle 450:492 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 3 38 theme vesicles 422:429 arg1 morphology 395:404 the morphology 391:404 the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles 391:429 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 9 39 from increase 1213:1220 arg1 glucose 1258:1264 0 % glucose 1254:1264 0 % glucose 1254:1264 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 9 39 from increase 1213:1220 arg1 composition 1237:1247 the glucose composition 1225:1247 the glucose composition from 0 % glucose 1225:1264 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 10 40 theme osmotic 1373:1379 arg1 effects 1396:1402 the osmotic and volumetric effects 1369:1402 the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption 1369:1438 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 0 41 from Solution 76:83 arg1 Properties 42:51 Mechanical Properties 31:51 Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution 31:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 9 42 theme glucose 1290:1296 arg1 ratio 1281:1285 even 2:1 ratio 1272:1285 even 2:1 ratio of glucose 1272:1296 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 10 43 theme packing 1421:1427 arg1 disruption 1429:1438 the headgroup packing disruption 1407:1438 the headgroup packing disruption 1407:1438 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 6 44 theme Young 827:831 arg1 modulus 835:841 Young's modulus 827:841 Young's modulus 827:841 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 1 45 theme incorporation 114:126 arg1 effect 90:95 The effect 86:95 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles 86:202 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 0 46 theme Vesicles 56:63 arg1 Properties 42:51 Mechanical Properties 31:51 Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution 31:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 9 47 theme even 1272:1275 arg1 ratio 1281:1285 even 2:1 ratio 1272:1285 even 2:1 ratio of glucose 1272:1296 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 10 48 theme headgroup 1411:1419 arg1 disruption 1429:1438 the headgroup packing disruption 1407:1438 the headgroup packing disruption 1407:1438 These results in the mechanical properties seem attributable to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption. 26233566 6 49 theme Force 736:740 arg1 data 742:745 Force data 736:745 Force data prior to the first breakthrough 736:777 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 9 50 theme slight 1163:1168 arg1 change 1170:1175 just a slight change 1156:1175 just a slight change in the moduli 1156:1189 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 9 51 theme 2:1 1277:1279 arg1 ratio 1281:1285 even 2:1 ratio 1272:1285 even 2:1 ratio of glucose 1272:1296 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 7 52 theme trehalose 986:994 arg1 concentration 996:1008 the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 982:1018 the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid 982:1040 It was found that the Young's modulus and bending modulus decreased proportionally to the increase in the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid. 26233566 9 53 from glucose 1147:1153 arg1 measurements 1131:1142 the identical measurements 1117:1142 the identical measurements at glucose 1117:1153 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 26233566 1 54 theme nanomechanical 135:148 arg1 properties 150:159 the nanomechanical properties 131:159 the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles 131:202 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 1 55 from effect 90:95 arg1 properties 150:159 the nanomechanical properties 131:159 the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles 131:202 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 7 56 dep 0.5 1016:1018 arg1 to 1013:1014 to 1013:1014 to 1013:1014 It was found that the Young's modulus and bending modulus decreased proportionally to the increase in the trehalose concentration up to 0.5 of trehalose to lipid. 26233566 6 57 theme Hertzian 800:807 arg1 model 809:813 the Hertzian model 796:813 the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles 796:877 Force data prior to the first breakthrough fitted well with the Hertzian model to estimate Young's modulus and bending modulus of the vesicles. 26233566 3 58 theme AFM 469:471 arg1 tip 473:475 an AFM tip 466:475 an AFM tip 466:475 After the morphology of the adsorbed vesicles was characterized, the behavior of an AFM tip into the vesicle was monitored using the plot of the tip displacement versus the tip deflection. 26233566 1 59 theme mica 255:258 arg1 surface 260:266 mica surface 255:266 mica surface 255:266 The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the nanomechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) on mica surface. 26233566 0 60 theme Aqueous 68:74 arg1 Solution 76:83 Aqueous Solution 68:83 Aqueous Solution 68:83 Trehalose-Induced Variation in Mechanical Properties of Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. 26233566 4 61 theme tip 619:621 arg1 breakthrough 599:610 the breakthrough 595:610 the breakthrough of the tip into the vesicles 595:639 It was observed that the breakthrough of the tip into the vesicles occurred two times. 26233566 9 62 from change 1170:1175 arg1 moduli 1184:1189 the moduli 1180:1189 the moduli 1180:1189 In the identical measurements at glucose, just a slight change in the moduli was observed with the increase in the glucose composition from 0 % glucose up to even 2:1 ratio of glucose:lipid. 29133089 0 0 theme urinary 86:92 arg1 infection 100:108 urinary tract infection 86:108 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 86:124 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 0 0 theme urinary 86:92 arg1 UTI 111:113 UTI 111:113 UTI 111:113 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 2 1 theme electron 319:326 arg1 TEM 340:342 TEM 340:342 TEM 340:342 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 2 1 theme electron 319:326 arg1 microscopy 328:337 electron microscopy 319:337 electron microscopy (TEM) 319:343 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 7 2 theme antibacterial 982:994 arg1 results 996:1002 The antibacterial results 978:1002 The antibacterial results 978:1002 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 0 3 theme infection 100:108 arg1 pathogens 116:124 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 86:124 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 86:124 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 5 4 theme loss 798:801 arg1 modulus 803:809 the loss modulus 794:809 the loss modulus (G") 794:814 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 5 4 theme loss 798:801 arg1 " 813:813 G" 812:813 G" 812:813 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 3 5 theme C 477:477 arg1 presence 465:472 the presence 461:472 the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel 461:503 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 4 6 dep 12nm 688:691 arg1 to 685:686 to 685:686 to 685:686 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 0 7 theme tract 94:98 arg1 infection 100:108 urinary tract infection 86:108 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 86:124 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 0 7 theme tract 94:98 arg1 UTI 111:113 UTI 111:113 UTI 111:113 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 3 8 theme O 591:591 arg1 elements 593:600 O elements 591:600 O elements 591:600 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 4 9 from formation 624:632 arg1 range 672:676 the size range 663:676 the size range from 7 to 12nm 663:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 3 10 theme XPS 441:443 arg1 spectra 445:451 The wide scan XPS spectra 427:451 The wide scan XPS spectra 427:451 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 6 11 theme tract 907:911 arg1 infection 913:921 urinary tract infection 899:921 urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes 899:936 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 6 11 theme tract 907:911 arg1 UTI 924:926 UTI 924:926 UTI 924:926 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 7 12 dep then 1089:1092 arg1 that 1094:1097 that 1094:1097 that 1094:1097 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 8 13 used used 1204:1207 arg2 nanocomposite 1181:1193 the prepared nanocomposite 1168:1193 the prepared nanocomposite 1168:1193 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 8 13 used used 1204:1207 arg2 candidates 1222:1231 promising candidates 1212:1231 promising candidates for biomedical applications 1212:1259 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 4 14 theme TEM 603:605 arg1 studies 607:613 TEM studies 603:613 TEM studies 603:613 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 4 15 theme spherical 637:645 arg1 CuNPs 654:658 spherical shaped CuNPs 637:658 spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm 637:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 1 16 theme stable 149:154 arg1 nanoparticles 163:175 stable copper nanoparticles 149:175 stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) 149:183 In the present study, stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully prepared in the hydrogel matrix. 29133089 1 16 theme stable 149:154 arg1 CuNPs 178:182 CuNPs 178:182 CuNPs 178:182 In the present study, stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully prepared in the hydrogel matrix. 29133089 4 17 from 12nm 688:691 arg1 range 672:676 the size range 663:676 the size range from 7 to 12nm 663:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 4 17 from 12nm 688:691 arg1 CuNPs 654:658 spherical shaped CuNPs 637:658 spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm 637:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 0 18 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 gum 10:12 Cellulose gum 0:12 Cellulose gum 0:12 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 1 19 theme copper 156:161 arg1 nanoparticles 163:175 stable copper nanoparticles 149:175 stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) 149:183 In the present study, stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully prepared in the hydrogel matrix. 29133089 1 19 theme copper 156:161 arg1 CuNPs 178:182 CuNPs 178:182 CuNPs 178:182 In the present study, stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully prepared in the hydrogel matrix. 29133089 2 20 theme spectroscopic 398:410 arg1 studies 418:424 energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies 350:424 energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies 350:424 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 6 21 theme HeLa 942:945 arg1 cells 958:962 HeLa (cervical) cells 942:962 HeLa (cervical) cells 942:962 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 2 22 theme x-ray 294:298 arg1 XRD 313:315 XRD 313:315 XRD 313:315 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 2 22 theme x-ray 294:298 arg1 diffraction 300:310 x-ray diffraction 294:310 x-ray diffraction (XRD) 294:316 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 7 23 theme inhibition 1054:1063 arg1 zone 1046:1049 higher zone 1039:1049 higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix 1039:1130 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 7 24 theme corresponding 1102:1114 arg1 matrix 1125:1130 corresponding hydrogel matrix 1102:1130 corresponding hydrogel matrix 1102:1130 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 2 25 theme photoelectron 384:396 arg1 spectroscopic 398:410 energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic 350:410 spectroscopic 398:410 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 3 26 dep spectra 445:451 arg1 scan 436:439 scan 436:439 scan 436:439 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 7 27 theme hydrogel 1116:1123 arg1 matrix 1125:1130 corresponding hydrogel matrix 1102:1130 corresponding hydrogel matrix 1102:1130 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 2 28 theme x-ray 378:382 arg1 spectroscopic 398:410 energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic 350:410 spectroscopic 398:410 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 3 29 theme N 480:480 arg1 presence 465:472 the presence 461:472 the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel 461:503 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 6 30 theme antibacterial 835:847 arg1 activities 849:858 the antibacterial activities 831:858 the antibacterial activities 831:858 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 5 31 theme HCuNPs 759:764 arg1 modulus 739:745 the storage modulus 727:745 the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs 727:764 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 5 31 theme HCuNPs 759:764 arg1 higher 782:787 higher 782:787 higher 782:787 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 5 31 theme HCuNPs 759:764 arg1 G 748:748 G' 748:749 G' 748:749 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 6 32 theme cervical 948:955 arg1 cells 958:962 HeLa (cervical) cells 942:962 HeLa (cervical) cells 942:962 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 8 33 theme prepared 1172:1179 arg1 candidates 1222:1231 promising candidates 1212:1231 promising candidates for biomedical applications 1212:1259 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 8 33 theme prepared 1172:1179 arg1 nanocomposite 1181:1193 the prepared nanocomposite 1168:1193 the prepared nanocomposite 1168:1193 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 7 34 theme higher 1039:1044 arg1 zone 1046:1049 higher zone 1039:1049 higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix 1039:1130 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 0 35 theme based 39:43 arg1 hydrogel 45:52 based hydrogel 39:52 based hydrogel 39:52 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 0 35 theme based 39:43 arg1 agents 71:76 antimicrobial agents 57:76 antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 57:124 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 5 36 theme G 812:812 arg1 modulus 803:809 the loss modulus 794:809 the loss modulus (G") 794:814 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 5 36 theme G 812:812 arg1 " 813:813 G" 812:813 G" 812:813 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 3 37 attach presence 465:472 arg2 N 480:480 N 480:480 N 480:480 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 37 attach presence 465:472 arg2 O 486:486 O 486:486 O 486:486 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 37 attach presence 465:472 arg1 hydrogel 496:503 neat hydrogel 491:503 neat hydrogel 491:503 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 37 attach presence 465:472 arg2 C 477:477 C 477:477 C 477:477 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 5 38 theme rheology 698:705 arg1 results 707:713 The rheology results 694:713 The rheology results 694:713 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 7 39 theme matrix 1125:1130 arg1 zone 1046:1049 higher zone 1039:1049 higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix 1039:1130 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 4 40 theme size 667:670 arg1 range 672:676 the size range 663:676 the size range from 7 to 12nm 663:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 2 41 theme energy-dispersive 350:366 arg1 studies 418:424 energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies 350:424 energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies 350:424 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 8 42 theme cytotoxic 1137:1145 arg1 effects 1147:1153 The cytotoxic effects 1133:1153 The cytotoxic effects 1133:1153 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 3 43 theme HCuNPs 532:537 arg1 spectra 521:527 the XPS spectra 513:527 the XPS spectra of HCuNPs 513:537 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 44 theme neat 491:494 arg1 hydrogel 496:503 neat hydrogel 491:503 neat hydrogel 491:503 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 45 theme wide 431:434 arg1 spectra 445:451 The wide scan XPS spectra 427:451 The wide scan XPS spectra 427:451 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 46 theme Cu 567:568 arg1 presence 555:562 the presence 551:562 the presence of Cu 551:568 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 4 47 from range 672:676 arg1 formation 624:632 the formation 620:632 the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm 620:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 3 48 theme O 486:486 arg1 presence 465:472 the presence 461:472 the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel 461:503 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 3 49 theme XPS 517:519 arg1 spectra 521:527 the XPS spectra 513:527 the XPS spectra of HCuNPs 513:537 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 2 50 theme prepared 240:247 arg1 HCuNPs 264:269 HCuNPs 264:269 HCuNPs 264:269 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 2 50 theme prepared 240:247 arg1 nanocomposite 249:261 The prepared nanocomposite 236:261 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) 236:270 The prepared nanocomposite (HCuNPs) was characterized via x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. 29133089 6 51 theme infection 913:921 arg1 microbes 929:936 urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes 899:936 urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes 899:936 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 3 52 dep support 453:459 arg1 while 506:510 while 506:510 while 506:510 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 4 53 theme shaped 647:652 arg1 CuNPs 654:658 spherical shaped CuNPs 637:658 spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm 637:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 5 54 theme storage 731:737 arg1 modulus 739:745 the storage modulus 727:745 the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs 727:764 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 5 54 theme storage 731:737 arg1 higher 782:787 higher 782:787 higher 782:787 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 5 54 theme storage 731:737 arg1 G 748:748 G' 748:749 G' 748:749 The rheology results reveal that the storage modulus (G') of the HCuNPs was found to be higher than the loss modulus (G"). 29133089 4 55 theme CuNPs 654:658 arg1 formation 624:632 the formation 620:632 the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm 620:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 8 56 theme promising 1212:1220 arg1 candidates 1222:1231 promising candidates 1212:1231 promising candidates for biomedical applications 1212:1259 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 8 56 theme promising 1212:1220 arg1 nanocomposite 1181:1193 the prepared nanocomposite 1168:1193 the prepared nanocomposite 1168:1193 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 8 57 theme biomedical 1237:1246 arg1 applications 1248:1259 biomedical applications 1237:1259 biomedical applications 1237:1259 The cytotoxic effects suggest that the prepared nanocomposite could be used as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 29133089 6 58 theme urinary 899:905 arg1 infection 913:921 urinary tract infection 899:921 urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes 899:936 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 6 58 theme urinary 899:905 arg1 UTI 924:926 UTI 924:926 UTI 924:926 Additionally, the antibacterial activities and cytotoxic were carried out against urinary tract infection (UTI) microbes and HeLa (cervical) cells respectively. 29133089 7 59 theme HCuNPs 1016:1021 arg1 composites 1023:1032 HCuNPs composites 1016:1032 HCuNPs composites 1016:1032 The antibacterial results reveal that HCuNPs composites show higher zone of inhibition against these pathogens then that of corresponding hydrogel matrix. 29133089 0 60 theme antimicrobial 57:69 arg1 hydrogel 45:52 based hydrogel 39:52 based hydrogel 39:52 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 0 60 theme antimicrobial 57:69 arg1 agents 71:76 antimicrobial agents 57:76 antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 57:124 Cellulose gum and copper nanoparticles based hydrogel as antimicrobial agents against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 29133089 4 61 from CuNPs 654:658 arg1 range 672:676 the size range 663:676 the size range from 7 to 12nm 663:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 4 61 from CuNPs 654:658 arg1 12nm 688:691 12nm 688:691 12nm 688:691 TEM studies show the formation of spherical shaped CuNPs in the size range from 7 to 12nm. 29133089 1 62 theme present 134:140 arg1 study 142:146 the present study 130:146 the present study 130:146 In the present study, stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully prepared in the hydrogel matrix. 29133089 3 63 from presence 465:472 arg1 hydrogel 496:503 neat hydrogel 491:503 neat hydrogel 491:503 The wide scan XPS spectra support the presence of C, N and O in neat hydrogel; while, the XPS spectra of HCuNPs demonstrate the presence of Cu along with C, N, and O elements. 29133089 1 64 theme hydrogel 219:226 arg1 matrix 228:233 the hydrogel matrix 215:233 the hydrogel matrix 215:233 In the present study, stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully prepared in the hydrogel matrix. 28038414 0 0 theme nanoparticles 88:100 arg1 morphology 61:70 the aggregate morphology 47:70 the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles 47:100 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 5 1 theme simulation 1136:1145 arg1 study 1147:1151 The DPD simulation study 1128:1151 The DPD simulation study 1128:1151 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 2 2 theme phthalate 388:396 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 5 3 theme new 1294:1296 arg1 materials 1298:1306 new materials 1294:1306 new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1294:1343 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 1 4 theme drug 268:271 arg1 carriers 273:280 peptide drug carriers 260:280 peptide drug carriers 260:280 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 4 theme drug 268:271 arg1 nanoparticles 187:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 0 5 theme pH-sensitive 75:86 arg1 nanoparticles 88:100 pH-sensitive nanoparticles 75:100 pH-sensitive nanoparticles 75:100 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 2 6 theme methylcellulose 372:386 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 4 7 theme PLGA/HP55 1086:1094 arg1 matrix 1096:1101 the PLGA/HP55 matrix 1082:1101 the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1082:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 5 8 theme nanoparticles 1246:1258 arg1 formation 1194:1202 formation 1194:1202 formation 1194:1202 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 5 8 theme nanoparticles 1246:1258 arg1 changes 1222:1228 morphological changes 1208:1228 morphological changes 1208:1228 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 3 9 theme hydroxypropyl 707:719 arg1 HP55 748:751 HP55 748:751 HP55 748:751 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 9 theme hydroxypropyl 707:719 arg1 phthalate 737:745 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 707:745 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) 707:752 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 10 from polymer 889:895 arg1 system 633:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 1 11 theme due 282:284 arg1 protein 248:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 11 theme due 282:284 arg1 nanoparticles 187:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 2 12 theme DPD 577:579 arg1 simulations 582:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 3 13 theme polyvinyl 850:858 arg1 PVA 869:871 PVA 869:871 PVA 869:871 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 13 theme polyvinyl 850:858 arg1 alcohol 860:866 polyvinyl alcohol 850:866 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 850:872 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 0 14 theme oral 114:117 arg1 carriers 133:140 the oral drug delivery carriers 110:140 the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions 110:167 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 4 15 from compositions 1114:1125 arg1 surface 1071:1077 the outer surface 1061:1077 the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1061:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 4 15 from compositions 1114:1125 arg1 matrix 1096:1101 the PLGA/HP55 matrix 1082:1101 the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1082:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 1 16 theme pH-sensitive 174:185 arg1 carriers 273:280 peptide drug carriers 260:280 peptide drug carriers 260:280 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 16 theme pH-sensitive 174:185 arg1 nanoparticles 187:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 16 theme pH-sensitive 174:185 arg1 protein 248:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 2 17 theme dynamics 567:574 arg1 simulations 582:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 5 18 theme DPD 1132:1134 arg1 study 1147:1151 The DPD simulation study 1128:1151 The DPD simulation study 1128:1151 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 5 19 theme pH-sensitive 1233:1244 arg1 nanoparticles 1246:1258 pH-sensitive nanoparticles 1233:1258 pH-sensitive nanoparticles 1233:1258 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 5 20 theme oral 1326:1329 arg1 delivery 1336:1343 high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1312:1343 high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1312:1343 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 2 21 theme nanoparticles 487:499 arg1 relationship 471:482 the structure-property relationship 448:482 the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions 448:525 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 3 22 from polymer 698:704 arg1 system 633:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 23 from polymer 778:784 arg1 system 633:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 4 24 theme spherical 984:992 arg1 nanoparticles 1005:1017 spherical core-shell nanoparticles 984:1017 spherical core-shell nanoparticles 984:1017 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 5 25 dep formation 1194:1202 arg1 the 1190:1192 the 1190:1192 the 1190:1192 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 2 26 theme poly 327:330 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 0 27 theme simulation 25:34 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles 0:100 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 1 28 theme excellent 295:303 arg1 performance 305:315 their excellent performance 289:315 their excellent performance 289:315 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 0 29 theme delivery 124:131 arg1 carriers 133:140 the oral drug delivery carriers 110:140 the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions 110:167 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 2 30 theme structure-property 452:469 arg1 relationship 471:482 the structure-property relationship 448:482 the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions 448:525 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 3 31 theme pH-sensitive 757:768 arg1 polymer 778:784 pH-sensitive enteric polymer 757:784 pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach 757:844 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 0 32 theme drug 119:122 arg1 carriers 133:140 the oral drug delivery carriers 110:140 the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions 110:167 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 4 33 from surface 1071:1077 arg1 compositions 1114:1125 certain compositions 1106:1125 certain compositions 1106:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 2 34 theme different 506:514 arg1 conditions 516:525 different conditions 506:525 different conditions 506:525 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 4 35 theme stabilizer 1024:1033 arg1 molecules 1039:1047 stabilizer PVA molecules 1024:1047 stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1024:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 3 36 theme enteric 770:776 arg1 polymer 778:784 pH-sensitive enteric polymer 757:784 pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach 757:844 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 5 37 theme materials 1298:1306 arg1 design 1284:1289 the design 1280:1289 the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1280:1343 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 4 38 theme certain 1106:1112 arg1 compositions 1114:1125 certain compositions 1106:1125 certain compositions 1106:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 4 39 theme polymer 961:967 arg1 molecules 969:977 all polymer molecules 957:977 all polymer molecules 957:977 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 4 40 theme core-shell 994:1003 arg1 nanoparticles 1005:1017 spherical core-shell nanoparticles 984:1017 spherical core-shell nanoparticles 984:1017 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 4 41 theme DPD 936:938 arg1 simulations 940:950 DPD simulations 936:950 DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 936:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 4 42 theme outer 1065:1069 arg1 surface 1071:1077 the outer surface 1061:1077 the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1061:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 2 43 with relationship 471:482 arg1 conditions 516:525 different conditions 506:525 different conditions 506:525 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 1 44 theme promising 233:241 arg1 protein 248:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 44 theme promising 233:241 arg1 nanoparticles 187:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 0 45 theme aggregate 51:59 arg1 morphology 61:70 the aggregate morphology 47:70 the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles 47:100 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 5 46 theme morphological 1208:1220 arg1 changes 1222:1228 morphological changes 1208:1228 morphological changes 1208:1228 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 3 47 theme drug 619:622 arg1 system 633:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 2 48 theme /hydroxypropyl 357:370 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 4 49 theme PVA 1035:1037 arg1 molecules 1039:1047 stabilizer PVA molecules 1024:1047 stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1024:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 0 50 theme different 148:156 arg1 conditions 158:167 different conditions 148:167 different conditions 148:167 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 3 51 theme hydrophobic 686:696 arg1 poly 645:648 the poly 641:648 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 641:681 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 51 theme hydrophobic 686:696 arg1 polymer 698:704 hydrophobic polymer 686:704 hydrophobic polymer 686:704 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 52 theme delivery 624:631 arg1 system 633:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 5 53 theme high-efficacy 1312:1324 arg1 delivery 1336:1343 high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1312:1343 high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1312:1343 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 3 54 used used 792:795 arg2 polymer 778:784 pH-sensitive enteric polymer 757:784 pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach 757:844 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 2 55 theme acid 352:355 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 3 56 theme hydrophilic 877:887 arg1 polymer 889:895 hydrophilic polymer 877:895 hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer 877:913 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 1 57 theme oral 243:246 arg1 protein 248:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 the potentially promising oral protein 217:254 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 57 theme oral 243:246 arg1 nanoparticles 187:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 0 58 used used 102:105 arg2 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles 0:100 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 3 59 theme lactic-co-glycolic 651:668 arg1 poly 645:648 the poly 641:648 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 641:681 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 59 theme lactic-co-glycolic 651:668 arg1 acid 670:673 lactic-co-glycolic acid 651:673 lactic-co-glycolic acid 651:673 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 2 60 theme lactic-co-glycolic 333:350 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 5 61 theme drug 1331:1334 arg1 delivery 1336:1343 high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1312:1343 high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1312:1343 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 2 62 theme particle 558:565 arg1 simulations 582:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 2 63 theme model 428:432 arg1 nanoparticle 434:445 a model nanoparticle 426:445 a model nanoparticle 426:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 5 64 theme microscopic 1165:1175 arg1 insight 1177:1183 microscopic insight 1165:1183 microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery 1165:1343 The DPD simulation study can provide microscopic insight into the formation and morphological changes of pH-sensitive nanoparticles which is useful for the design of new materials for high-efficacy oral drug delivery. 28038414 2 65 theme PLGA/HP55 399:407 arg1 nanoparticle 410:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle 323:421 the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle 323:445 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 4 66 theme matrix 1096:1101 arg1 surface 1071:1077 the outer surface 1061:1077 the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions 1061:1125 It can be seen from DPD simulations that all polymer molecules form spherical core-shell nanoparticles with stabilizer PVA molecules adsorbed on the outer surface of the PLGA/HP55 matrix at certain compositions. 28038414 2 67 theme dissipative 546:556 arg1 simulations 582:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations 546:592 With the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (PLGA/HP55) nanoparticle as a model nanoparticle, the structure-property relationship of nanoparticles with different conditions is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations in our work. 28038414 3 68 theme methylcellulose 721:735 arg1 HP55 748:751 HP55 748:751 HP55 748:751 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 3 68 theme methylcellulose 721:735 arg1 phthalate 737:745 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 707:745 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) 707:752 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 0 69 theme mesoscale 15:23 arg1 simulation 25:34 mesoscale simulation 15:34 mesoscale simulation 15:34 Application of mesoscale simulation to explore the aggregate morphology of pH-sensitive nanoparticles used as the oral drug delivery carriers under different conditions. 28038414 3 70 theme oral 614:617 arg1 system 633:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 the oral drug delivery system 610:638 In the oral drug delivery system, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is hydrophobic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is pH-sensitive enteric polymer which used to protect the nanoparticles through the stomach and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is hydrophilic polymer as the stabilizer. 28038414 1 71 theme peptide 260:266 arg1 carriers 273:280 peptide drug carriers 260:280 peptide drug carriers 260:280 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 28038414 1 71 theme peptide 260:266 arg1 nanoparticles 187:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles 170:199 The pH-sensitive nanoparticles are selected as the potentially promising oral protein and peptide drug carriers due to their excellent performance. 29376970 7 0 from effect 1495:1500 arg1 form 1509:1512 the form 1505:1512 the form of reduction of osteoblast number 1505:1546 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 7 0 from effect 1495:1500 arg1 number 1572:1577 the number 1568:1577 the number of osteocytes 1568:1591 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 3 1 theme experimental 964:975 arg1 model 977:981 the OP experimental model 957:981 the OP experimental model 957:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 6 2 theme protective 1419:1428 arg1 effect 1430:1435 the dose-dependent protective effect 1400:1435 the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost 1400:1472 RESULTS The study has demonstrated the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost. 29376970 1 3 theme widespread 268:277 arg1 prevalence 279:288 the widespread prevalence 264:288 the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 264:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 9 4 theme Chinese 2020:2026 arg1 colleagues 2028:2037 our Chinese colleagues 2016:2037 our Chinese colleagues 2016:2037 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 2 5 theme studies 600:606 arg1 results 608:614 the scientific studies results 585:614 the scientific studies results 585:614 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 5 6 dep days 1268:1271 arg1 intact 1295:1300 intact 1295:1300 intact 1295:1300 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 4 7 theme month-old 1050:1058 arg1 mice 1067:1070 5 month-old Balb/c mice 1048:1070 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model 1048:1122 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were performed on 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model. 29376970 3 8 theme present 718:724 arg1 study 726:730 the present study 714:730 the present study 714:730 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 4 9 dep MATERIAL 984:991 arg1 studies 1022:1028 The experimental studies 1005:1028 The experimental studies 1005:1028 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were performed on 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model. 29376970 1 10 theme medication 443:452 arg1 therapy 454:460 its medication therapy 439:460 its medication therapy 439:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 9 11 theme study 1914:1918 arg1 goal 1902:1905 the ultimate goal 1889:1905 the ultimate goal of the study 1889:1918 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 1 12 theme problem 197:203 arg1 relevance 180:188 The relevance 176:188 The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication 176:243 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 7 13 theme Phytocost 1611:1619 arg1 dose 1621:1624 a Phytocost dose 1609:1624 a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse 1609:1640 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 4 14 theme prednisolone-induced 1084:1103 arg1 model 1118:1122 the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model 1080:1122 the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model 1080:1122 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were performed on 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model. 29376970 10 15 theme Russian 2290:2296 arg1 Federation 2298:2307 the Russian Federation 2286:2307 the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question 2286:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 8 16 theme adverse 1658:1664 arg1 reactions 1666:1674 No undesirable adverse reactions 1643:1674 No undesirable adverse reactions 1643:1674 No undesirable adverse reactions were documented during the study. 29376970 3 17 with research 932:939 arg1 use 950:952 the use 946:952 the use of the OP experimental model 946:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 1 18 theme present 223:229 arg1 communication 231:243 the present communication 219:243 the present communication 219:243 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 5 19 dep 0.005 1224:1228 arg1 mg/mouse 1249:1256 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse 1237:1256 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice 1224:1362 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 5 19 dep 0.005 1224:1228 arg1 0.05 1231:1234 0.05 1231:1234 0.05 1231:1234 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 10 20 theme components 2387:2396 arg1 substitution 2367:2378 the efficient import substitution 2346:2378 the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question 2346:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 9 21 theme modern 2182:2187 arg1 concepts 2189:2196 the modern concepts 2178:2196 the modern concepts 2178:2196 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 10 22 theme Phytocost 2240:2248 arg1 production 2250:2259 Phytocost production 2240:2259 Phytocost production 2240:2259 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 1 23 theme iatrogenic 417:426 arg1 effects 428:434 iatrogenic effects 417:434 iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 417:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 10 24 theme raw 2222:2224 arg1 materials 2226:2234 raw materials 2222:2234 raw materials 2222:2234 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 6 25 theme dose-dependent 1404:1417 arg1 effect 1430:1435 the dose-dependent protective effect 1400:1435 the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost 1400:1472 RESULTS The study has demonstrated the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost. 29376970 9 26 theme known 1971:1975 arg1 mechanisms 1977:1986 all currently known mechanisms 1957:1986 all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis 1957:2005 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 3 27 theme preparation 786:796 arg1 influence 752:760 the influence 748:760 the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model 748:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 3 28 dep was 732:734 arg1 AIM 693:695 AIM 693:695 AIM 693:695 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 3 29 theme cartilaginous 875:887 arg1 tissues 898:904 the cartilaginous and bony tissues 871:904 tissues 898:904 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 2 30 theme phytotherapeutic 486:501 arg1 modalities 503:512 phytotherapeutic modalities 486:512 phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine 486:536 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 0 31 from evaluation 18:27 arg1 development 136:146 the development 132:146 the development of osteoporosis 132:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 3 32 from influence 752:760 arg1 restoration 856:866 the restoration 852:866 the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model 852:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 10 33 theme efficient 2350:2358 arg1 substitution 2367:2378 the efficient import substitution 2346:2378 the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question 2346:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 10 34 theme necessary 2398:2406 arg1 components 2387:2396 the components 2383:2396 the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question 2383:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 10 35 from manufacture 2416:2426 arg1 question 2450:2457 question 2450:2457 question 2450:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 9 36 theme ultimate 1893:1900 arg1 goal 1902:1905 the ultimate goal 1889:1905 the ultimate goal of the study 1889:1918 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 9 37 theme pathogenesis 1994:2005 arg1 mechanisms 1977:1986 all currently known mechanisms 1957:1986 all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis 1957:2005 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 0 38 theme cyclodextrin-containing 76:98 arg1 composition 117:127 the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition 72:127 the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition 72:127 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 7 39 theme osteoblast 1530:1539 arg1 number 1541:1546 osteoblast number 1530:1546 osteoblast number 1530:1546 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 2 40 theme medicine 529:536 arg1 modalities 503:512 phytotherapeutic modalities 486:512 phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine 486:536 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 0 41 from effect 47:52 arg1 development 136:146 the development 132:146 the development of osteoporosis 132:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 0 42 theme composition 117:127 arg1 extract 61:67 the extract 57:67 the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition 57:127 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 3 43 theme bony 893:896 arg1 tissues 898:904 the cartilaginous and bony tissues 871:904 tissues 898:904 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 9 44 theme foreign 1786:1792 arg1 analogues 1794:1802 its foreign analogues 1782:1802 its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts 1782:2196 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 2 45 theme literature 668:677 arg1 publications 679:690 the foreign literature publications 656:690 the foreign literature publications 656:690 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 1 46 dep OBJECTIVE 166:174 arg1 arises 245:250 arises 245:250 arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 245:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 0 47 theme [The 0:3 arg1 evaluation 18:27 [The experimental evaluation 0:27 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis 0:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 1 48 theme osteoporosis 293:304 arg1 prevalence 279:288 the widespread prevalence 264:288 the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 264:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 5 49 dep divided 1142:1148 arg1 0.005 1224:1228 0.005 1224:1228 0.005 1224:1228 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 6 50 dep RESULTS 1365:1371 arg1 demonstrated 1387:1398 demonstrated 1387:1398 has demonstrated the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost 1383:1472 RESULTS The study has demonstrated the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost. 29376970 10 51 theme preparation 2435:2445 arg1 manufacture 2416:2426 the manufacture 2412:2426 the manufacture of the preparation in question 2412:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 10 52 theme import 2360:2365 arg1 substitution 2367:2378 the efficient import substitution 2346:2378 the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question 2346:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 0 53 theme effect 47:52 arg1 evaluation 18:27 [The experimental evaluation 0:27 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis 0:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 5 54 theme study 1160:1164 arg1 groups 1166:1171 four study groups 1155:1171 four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them 1155:1221 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 7 55 from increase 1556:1563 arg1 form 1509:1512 the form 1505:1512 the form of reduction of osteoblast number 1505:1546 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 7 55 from increase 1556:1563 arg1 number 1572:1577 the number 1568:1577 the number of osteocytes 1568:1591 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 9 56 theme greater 1840:1846 arg1 number 1848:1853 a significantly greater number 1824:1853 a significantly greater number of constituent components 1824:1879 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 5 57 theme naïve 1353:1357 arg1 mice 1359:1362 naïve mice 1353:1362 naïve mice 1353:1362 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 5 57 theme naïve 1353:1357 arg1 days 1268:1271 30 days 1265:1271 30 days 1265:1271 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 3 58 theme model 977:981 arg1 use 950:952 the use 946:952 the use of the OP experimental model 946:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 6 59 theme cyclodextrin-containing 1440:1462 arg1 Phytocost 1464:1472 cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost 1440:1472 cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost 1440:1472 RESULTS The study has demonstrated the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost. 29376970 3 60 theme OP 961:962 arg1 model 977:981 the OP experimental model 957:981 the OP experimental model 957:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 9 61 theme components 1870:1879 arg1 number 1848:1853 a significantly greater number 1824:1853 a significantly greater number of constituent components 1824:1879 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 9 62 theme produced 1738:1745 arg1 composition 1757:1767 The domestically produced Phytocost composition 1721:1767 The domestically produced Phytocost composition 1721:1767 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 2 63 theme results 608:614 arg1 results 574:580 the results 570:580 the results of the scientific studies results 570:614 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 4 64 theme Balb/c 1060:1065 arg1 mice 1067:1070 5 month-old Balb/c mice 1048:1070 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model 1048:1122 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were performed on 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model. 29376970 8 65 theme undesirable 1646:1656 arg1 reactions 1666:1674 No undesirable adverse reactions 1643:1674 No undesirable adverse reactions 1643:1674 No undesirable adverse reactions were documented during the study. 29376970 2 66 theme scientific 589:598 arg1 studies 600:606 the scientific studies 585:606 the scientific studies results 585:614 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 3 67 theme study 726:730 arg1 objective 701:709 The objective 697:709 The objective of the present study 697:730 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 1 68 theme therapy 454:460 arg1 OP 307:308 OP 307:308 OP 307:308 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 68 theme therapy 454:460 arg1 osteoporosis 293:304 osteoporosis 293:304 osteoporosis (OP) 293:309 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 68 theme therapy 454:460 arg1 effectiveness 327:339 the rather low effectiveness 312:339 the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition 312:410 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 68 theme therapy 454:460 arg1 effects 428:434 iatrogenic effects 417:434 iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 417:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 4 69 theme osteoporosis 1105:1116 arg1 model 1118:1122 the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model 1080:1122 the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model 1080:1122 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were performed on 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model. 29376970 10 70 theme Federation 2298:2307 arg1 territory 2273:2281 the territory 2269:2281 the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question 2269:2457 All the plants used as raw materials for Phytocost production grow at the territory of the Russian Federation which provides the possibilities for the efficient import substitution of the components necessary for the manufacture of the preparation in question. 29376970 0 71 theme osteoporosis 151:162 arg1 development 136:146 the development 132:146 the development of osteoporosis 132:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 7 72 theme osteocytes 1582:1591 arg1 number 1572:1577 the number 1568:1577 the number of osteocytes 1568:1591 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 3 73 theme phytotherapeutic 769:784 arg1 Phytocost 799:807 Phytocost 799:807 Phytocost 799:807 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 3 73 theme phytotherapeutic 769:784 arg1 preparation 786:796 the phytotherapeutic preparation 765:796 the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition 765:847 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 1 74 theme condition 402:410 arg1 treatment 384:392 the treatment 380:392 the treatment of this condition 380:410 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 9 75 theme concepts 2189:2196 arg1 light 2169:2173 the light 2165:2173 the light of the modern concepts 2165:2196 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 0 76 theme extract 61:67 arg1 effect 47:52 the protective effect 32:52 the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis 32:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 1 77 theme effects 428:434 arg1 prevalence 279:288 the widespread prevalence 264:288 the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 264:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 9 78 contain contains 1815:1822 arg2 it 1812:1813 it 1812:1813 it 1812:1813 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 9 78 contain contains 1815:1822 arg2 number 1848:1853 a significantly greater number 1824:1853 a significantly greater number of constituent components 1824:1879 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 9 78 contain contains 1815:1822 arg1 it 1812:1813 it 1812:1813 it 1812:1813 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 9 78 contain contains 1815:1822 arg1 analogues 1794:1802 its foreign analogues 1782:1802 its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts 1782:2196 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 2 79 theme modalities 503:512 arg1 diversity 473:481 The great diversity 463:481 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine 463:536 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 9 80 dep CONCLUSION 1710:1719 arg1 differs 1769:1775 differs 1769:1775 differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts 1769:2196 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 7 81 theme number 1541:1546 arg1 reduction 1517:1525 reduction 1517:1525 reduction of osteoblast number 1517:1546 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 9 82 theme Phytocost 1747:1755 arg1 composition 1757:1767 The domestically produced Phytocost composition 1721:1767 The domestically produced Phytocost composition 1721:1767 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 9 83 theme OP 1991:1992 arg1 pathogenesis 1994:2005 OP pathogenesis 1991:2005 OP pathogenesis 1991:2005 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 0 84 theme phytotherapeutic 100:115 arg1 composition 117:127 the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition 72:127 the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition 72:127 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 1 85 theme methods 348:354 arg1 OP 307:308 OP 307:308 OP 307:308 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 85 theme methods 348:354 arg1 osteoporosis 293:304 osteoporosis 293:304 osteoporosis (OP) 293:309 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 85 theme methods 348:354 arg1 effectiveness 327:339 the rather low effectiveness 312:339 the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition 312:410 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 85 theme methods 348:354 arg1 effects 428:434 iatrogenic effects 417:434 iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 417:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 86 theme effectiveness 327:339 arg1 prevalence 279:288 the widespread prevalence 264:288 the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy 264:460 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 1 87 theme available 366:374 arg1 methods 348:354 the methods 344:354 the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition 344:410 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 2 88 theme traditional 517:527 arg1 medicine 529:536 traditional medicine 517:536 traditional medicine 517:536 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 0 89 theme experimental 5:16 arg1 evaluation 18:27 [The experimental evaluation 0:27 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis 0:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 3 90 theme tissues 898:904 arg1 restoration 856:866 the restoration 852:866 the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model 852:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 4 91 theme experimental 1009:1020 arg1 studies 1022:1028 The experimental studies 1005:1028 The experimental studies 1005:1028 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were performed on 5 month-old Balb/c mice used as the prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model. 29376970 2 92 theme foreign 660:666 arg1 publications 679:690 the foreign literature publications 656:690 the foreign literature publications 656:690 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 7 93 theme mg/mouse 1633:1640 arg1 dose 1621:1624 a Phytocost dose 1609:1624 a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse 1609:1640 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 3 94 from cyclodextrin 817:828 arg1 composition 837:847 its composition 833:847 its composition 833:847 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 5 95 theme control 1279:1285 arg1 groups 1287:1292 3 control groups 1277:1292 3 control groups 1277:1292 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 0 96 theme protective 36:45 arg1 effect 47:52 the protective effect 32:52 the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis 32:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 29376970 5 97 theme daily 1190:1194 arg1 doses 1196:1200 the daily doses 1186:1200 the daily doses administered to them 1186:1221 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 7 98 theme reduction 1517:1525 arg1 form 1509:1512 the form 1505:1512 the form of reduction of osteoblast number 1505:1546 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 3 99 theme experimental 919:930 arg1 research 932:939 the experimental research 915:939 the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model 915:981 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 2 100 theme great 467:471 arg1 diversity 473:481 The great diversity 463:481 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine 463:536 The great diversity of phytotherapeutic modalities of traditional medicine are is only poorly supported by the results of the scientific studies results; moreover, most of them are coming from the foreign literature publications. 29376970 9 101 theme ancient 2056:2062 arg1 knowledge 2064:2072 the ancient knowledge 2052:2072 the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine 2052:2103 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 3 102 contain having 810:815 arg1 Phytocost 799:807 Phytocost 799:807 Phytocost 799:807 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 3 102 contain having 810:815 arg1 preparation 786:796 the phytotherapeutic preparation 765:796 the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition 765:847 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 3 102 contain having 810:815 arg2 cyclodextrin 817:828 cyclodextrin 817:828 cyclodextrin in its composition 817:847 AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the phytotherapeutic preparation (Phytocost) having cyclodextrin in its composition on the restoration of the cartilaginous and bony tissues based on the experimental research with the use of the OP experimental model. 29376970 5 103 theme prednisolone 1324:1335 arg1 administration 1337:1350 prednisolone administration 1324:1350 prednisolone administration 1324:1350 The animals were divided into four study groups according to the daily doses administered to them: 0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mouse during 30 days and 3 control groups: intact, 14 and 30 days after prednisolone administration, naïve mice. 29376970 1 104 theme low 323:325 arg1 effectiveness 327:339 the rather low effectiveness 312:339 the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition 312:410 OBJECTIVE The relevance of the problem considered in the present communication arises to-day from the widespread prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), the rather low effectiveness of the methods currently available for the treatment of this condition, and iatrogenic effects of its medication therapy. 29376970 9 105 theme traditional 2084:2094 arg1 medicine 2096:2103 traditional medicine 2084:2103 traditional medicine 2084:2103 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 6 106 theme Phytocost 1464:1472 arg1 effect 1430:1435 the dose-dependent protective effect 1400:1435 the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost 1400:1472 RESULTS The study has demonstrated the dose-dependent protective effect of cyclodextrin-containing Phytocost. 29376970 7 107 theme pronounced 1484:1493 arg1 effect 1495:1500 The most pronounced effect 1475:1500 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number 1475:1546 The most pronounced effect in the form of reduction of osteoblast number and the increase in the number of osteocytes was obtained at a Phytocost dose of 0.5 mg/mouse. 29376970 9 108 theme constituent 1858:1868 arg1 components 1870:1879 constituent components 1858:1879 constituent components 1858:1879 CONCLUSION The domestically produced Phytocost composition differs from its foreign analogues in that it contains a significantly greater number of constituent components because the ultimate goal of the study was to create a medication acting on all currently known mechanisms of OP pathogenesis, whereas our Chinese colleagues proceed from the ancient knowledge gained by traditional medicine that it is sometimes difficult to understand and explain in the light of the modern concepts. 29376970 0 109 from development 136:146 arg1 evaluation 18:27 [The experimental evaluation 0:27 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis 0:162 [The experimental evaluation of the protective effect of the extract of the cyclodextrin-containing phytotherapeutic composition on the development of osteoporosis]. 23589413 4 0 theme body 1077:1080 arg1 SBF 1089:1091 SBF 1089:1091 SBF 1089:1091 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 0 theme body 1077:1080 arg1 fluid 1082:1086 simulated body fluid 1067:1086 simulated body fluid (SBF)] 1067:1093 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 5 1 theme GDL 1409:1411 arg1 amount 1399:1404 amount 1399:1404 amount of GDL 1399:1411 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 5 1 theme GDL 1409:1411 arg1 phase 1372:1376 the CaP phase 1364:1376 the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) 1364:1394 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 5 1 theme GDL 1409:1411 arg1 GDL 1409:1411 GDL 1409:1411 GDL 1409:1411 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 4 2 theme precursor 920:928 arg1 compounds 930:938 the precursor compounds 916:938 the precursor compounds 916:938 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 3 theme viscoelastic 869:880 arg1 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties 865:911 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 8 4 dep in 1810:1811 arg1 vivo 1813:1816 vivo 1813:1816 vivo 1813:1816 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 4 5 dep osteocompatibility 1165:1182 arg1 implantation 1185:1196 implantation 1185:1196 implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits 1185:1238 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 1 6 theme bone 192:195 arg1 development 127:137 development 127:137 development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 127:195 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 4 7 theme physicochemical 886:900 arg1 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties 865:911 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 5 8 theme amount 1399:1404 arg1 solubility 1350:1359 the solubility 1346:1359 the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL 1346:1411 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 8 9 theme available 1703:1711 arg1 calcium 1723:1729 calcium 1723:1729 calcium 1723:1729 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 8 9 theme available 1703:1711 arg1 amount 1713:1718 the available amount 1699:1718 the available amount of calcium 1699:1729 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 7 10 theme CaP 1623:1625 arg1 particles 1627:1635 less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles 1587:1635 less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles 1587:1635 In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. 23589413 2 11 theme dispersed 574:582 arg1 phase 592:596 a dispersed mineral phase 572:596 a dispersed mineral phase 572:596 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 4 12 theme subcutaneous 1122:1133 arg1 implantation 1135:1146 subcutaneous implantation 1122:1146 subcutaneous implantation in rabbits 1122:1157 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 8 13 theme bone-filling 1893:1904 arg1 material 1906:1913 bone-filling material 1893:1913 bone-filling material 1893:1913 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 4 14 theme simulated 1067:1075 arg1 SBF 1089:1091 SBF 1089:1091 SBF 1089:1091 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 14 theme simulated 1067:1075 arg1 fluid 1082:1086 simulated body fluid 1067:1086 simulated body fluid (SBF)] 1067:1093 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 1 15 theme injectable 237:246 arg1 matrices 257:264 injectable hydrogel matrices 237:264 injectable hydrogel matrices 237:264 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 4 16 theme condyle 1209:1215 arg1 defect 1222:1227 femoral condyle bone defect 1201:1227 femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits 1201:1238 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 3 17 theme highest 823:829 arg1 amount 831:836 the highest amount 819:836 the highest amount of osteoconductive filler 819:862 The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. 23589413 3 17 theme highest 823:829 arg1 filler 857:862 osteoconductive filler 841:862 osteoconductive filler 841:862 The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. 23589413 8 18 theme beneficial 1766:1775 arg1 response 1782:1789 the beneficial bone response 1762:1789 the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies 1762:1824 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 8 19 located observed 1794:1801 arg1 studies 1818:1824 the in vivo studies 1806:1824 the in vivo studies 1806:1824 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 8 19 located observed 1794:1801 arg2 response 1782:1789 the beneficial bone response 1762:1789 the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies 1762:1824 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 2 20 theme crystalline 523:533 arg1 hydroxyapatite 535:548 poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite 516:548 poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) 516:553 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 2 20 theme crystalline 523:533 arg1 HA 551:552 HA 551:552 HA 551:552 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 1 21 theme phosphate 321:329 arg1 particles 331:339 nanosized calcium phosphate particles 303:339 nanosized calcium phosphate particles 303:339 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 2 22 theme mineral 584:590 arg1 phase 592:596 a dispersed mineral phase 572:596 a dispersed mineral phase 572:596 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 5 23 theme resulting 1262:1270 arg1 composites 1272:1281 the resulting composites 1258:1281 the resulting composites 1258:1281 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 3 24 theme filler 857:862 arg1 amount 831:836 the highest amount 819:836 the highest amount of osteoconductive filler 819:862 The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. 23589413 3 24 theme filler 857:862 arg1 filler 857:862 osteoconductive filler 841:862 osteoconductive filler 841:862 The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. 23589413 1 25 theme nanosized 303:311 arg1 particles 331:339 nanosized calcium phosphate particles 303:339 nanosized calcium phosphate particles 303:339 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 1 26 theme emerging 102:109 arg1 approach 111:118 An emerging approach 99:118 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 99:195 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 2 27 theme matrix 472:477 arg1 phase 479:483 the matrix phase 468:483 the matrix phase 468:483 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 4 28 theme rabbits 1232:1238 arg1 defect 1222:1227 femoral condyle bone defect 1201:1227 femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits 1201:1238 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 29 from pH 1061:1062 arg1 biocompatibility 1104:1119 general biocompatibility 1096:1119 general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits) 1096:1158 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 29 from pH 1061:1062 arg1 SBF 1089:1091 SBF 1089:1091 SBF 1089:1091 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 29 from pH 1061:1062 arg1 fluid 1082:1086 simulated body fluid 1067:1086 simulated body fluid (SBF)] 1067:1093 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 29 from pH 1061:1062 arg1 osteocompatibility 1165:1182 osteocompatibility 1165:1182 osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits) 1165:1239 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 1 30 dep substitutes 197:207 arg1 involves 209:216 involves 209:216 substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles 197:339 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 5 31 theme minutes 1327:1333 arg1 tens 1319:1322 tens 1319:1322 tens of minutes 1319:1333 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 2 32 theme ultrapure 446:454 arg1 alginate 456:463 ultrapure alginate 446:463 ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant 446:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 0 33 theme injectable 33:42 arg1 gels 71:74 injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels 33:74 injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels 33:74 Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration. 23589413 2 34 theme CaP 498:500 arg1 [monetite 502:510 crystalline CaP [monetite 486:510 crystalline CaP [monetite 486:510 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 2 35 theme hydroxyapatite 535:548 arg1 powders 556:562 the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders 468:562 the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant 468:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 2 36 theme bone 380:383 arg1 regeneration 385:396 bone regeneration 380:396 bone regeneration 380:396 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 0 37 theme phosphate 61:69 arg1 gels 71:74 injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels 33:74 injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels 33:74 Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration. 23589413 1 38 theme hydrogel 248:255 arg1 matrices 257:264 injectable hydrogel matrices 237:264 injectable hydrogel matrices 237:264 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 6 39 from mineralized 1429:1439 arg1 SBF 1456:1458 SBF 1456:1458 SBF 1456:1458 All composites mineralized extensively in SBF for up to 11 days. 23589413 4 40 theme general 1096:1102 arg1 biocompatibility 1104:1119 general biocompatibility 1096:1119 general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits) 1096:1158 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 6 41 dep 11 1470:1471 arg1 to 1467:1468 to 1467:1468 to 1467:1468 All composites mineralized extensively in SBF for up to 11 days. 23589413 5 42 theme phase 1372:1376 arg1 solubility 1350:1359 the solubility 1346:1359 the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL 1346:1411 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 1 43 theme dispersed 273:281 arg1 phase 283:287 a dispersed phase 271:287 a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles 271:339 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 2 44 theme calcium 614:620 arg1 phase 592:596 a dispersed mineral phase 572:596 a dispersed mineral phase 572:596 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 2 44 theme calcium 614:620 arg1 source 604:609 a source 602:609 a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant 602:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 1 45 theme biodegradable 178:190 arg1 bone 192:195 injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 142:195 injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 142:195 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 8 46 theme invasive 1868:1875 arg1 applications 1877:1888 minimally invasive applications 1858:1888 minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material 1858:1913 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 2 47 theme novel 348:352 arg1 composites 365:374 novel injectable composites 348:374 novel injectable composites for bone regeneration 348:396 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 7 48 theme osteoconductive 1607:1621 arg1 particles 1627:1635 less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles 1587:1635 less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles 1587:1635 In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. 23589413 2 49 theme cross-linking 626:638 arg1 alginate 640:647 cross-linking alginate 626:647 cross-linking alginate 626:647 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 4 50 from implantation 1135:1146 arg1 rabbits 1151:1157 rabbits 1151:1157 rabbits 1151:1157 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 7 51 theme degradable 1592:1601 arg1 particles 1627:1635 less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles 1587:1635 less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles 1587:1635 In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. 23589413 2 52 theme temporary 728:736 arg1 sequestrant 738:748 temporary sequestrant 728:748 temporary sequestrant 728:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 8 53 theme calcium 1723:1729 arg1 calcium 1723:1729 calcium 1723:1729 calcium 1723:1729 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 8 53 theme calcium 1723:1729 arg1 amount 1713:1718 the available amount 1699:1718 the available amount of calcium 1699:1729 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 4 54 theme compounds 930:938 arg1 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties 865:911 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 55 theme bone 1217:1220 arg1 defect 1222:1227 femoral condyle bone defect 1201:1227 femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits 1201:1238 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 3 56 theme CaP 797:799 arg1 content 801:807 CaP content 797:807 CaP content 797:807 The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. 23589413 4 57 dep biocompatibility 1104:1119 arg1 implantation 1135:1146 subcutaneous implantation 1122:1146 subcutaneous implantation in rabbits 1122:1157 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 1 58 theme injectable 142:151 arg1 bone 192:195 injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 142:195 injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 142:195 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 7 59 theme bone 1559:1562 arg1 tissue 1564:1569 subcutaneous or bone tissue 1543:1569 tissue 1564:1569 In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. 23589413 4 60 theme composites 944:953 arg1 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties 865:911 properties 902:911 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 0 61 theme bone 80:83 arg1 regeneration 85:96 bone regeneration 80:96 bone regeneration 80:96 Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration. 23589413 8 62 theme alginate 1752:1759 arg1 cross-linking 1735:1747 cross-linking 1735:1747 cross-linking of alginate 1735:1759 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 1 63 theme self-setting 154:165 arg1 bone 192:195 injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 142:195 injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone 142:195 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 7 64 theme subcutaneous 1543:1554 arg1 tissue 1564:1569 subcutaneous or bone tissue 1543:1569 tissue 1564:1569 In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. 23589413 4 65 theme calcium 1010:1016 arg1 release 1018:1024 calcium release 1010:1024 calcium release 1010:1024 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 5 66 theme composites 1272:1281 arg1 gelation 1246:1253 The gelation 1242:1253 The gelation of the resulting composites 1242:1281 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 8 67 theme bone 1777:1780 arg1 response 1782:1789 the beneficial bone response 1762:1789 the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies 1762:1824 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 4 68 theme elemental 986:994 arg1 rheometry 975:983 rheometry 975:983 rheometry 975:983 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 68 theme elemental 986:994 arg1 analysis 996:1003 elemental analysis 986:1003 elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake) 986:1036 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 3 69 theme osteoconductive 841:855 arg1 filler 857:862 osteoconductive filler 841:862 osteoconductive filler 841:862 The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. 23589413 2 70 theme phase 479:483 arg1 powders 556:562 the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders 468:562 the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant 468:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 1 71 theme calcium 313:319 arg1 particles 331:339 nanosized calcium phosphate particles 303:339 nanosized calcium phosphate particles 303:339 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 8 72 theme in 1810:1811 arg1 studies 1818:1824 the in vivo studies 1806:1824 the in vivo studies 1806:1824 Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross-linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone-filling material. 23589413 5 73 dep phase 1372:1376 arg1 HA 1379:1380 HA 1379:1380 HA 1379:1380 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 5 73 dep phase 1372:1376 arg1 monetite 1386:1393 monetite 1386:1393 monetite 1386:1393 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 23589413 2 74 theme alginate 456:463 arg1 combination 431:441 the combination 427:441 the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant 427:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 0 75 theme alginate-calcium 44:59 arg1 gels 71:74 injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels 33:74 injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels 33:74 Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration. 23589413 7 76 from implantation 1527:1538 arg1 tissue 1564:1569 subcutaneous or bone tissue 1543:1569 tissue 1564:1569 In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. 23589413 2 77 theme [monetite 502:510 arg1 powders 556:562 the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders 468:562 the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant 468:748 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 0 78 theme gels 71:74 arg1 biocompatibility 13:28 biocompatibility 13:28 biocompatibility 13:28 Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration. 23589413 0 78 theme gels 71:74 arg1 Gelation 0:7 Gelation 0:7 Gelation 0:7 Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate-calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration. 23589413 2 79 theme crystalline 486:496 arg1 [monetite 502:510 crystalline CaP [monetite 486:510 crystalline CaP [monetite 486:510 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 4 80 from implantation 1185:1196 arg1 defect 1222:1227 femoral condyle bone defect 1201:1227 femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits 1201:1238 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 4 81 theme femoral 1201:1207 arg1 defect 1222:1227 femoral condyle bone defect 1201:1227 femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits 1201:1238 The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). 23589413 2 82 theme injectable 354:363 arg1 composites 365:374 novel injectable composites 348:374 novel injectable composites for bone regeneration 348:396 Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross-linking alginate, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. 23589413 1 83 theme matrices 257:264 arg1 combination 222:232 the combination 218:232 the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices 218:264 An emerging approach toward development of injectable, self-setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. 23589413 6 84 from SBF 1456:1458 arg1 mineralized 1429:1439 mineralized 1429:1439 mineralized 1429:1439 All composites mineralized extensively in SBF for up to 11 days. 23589413 5 85 theme CaP 1368:1370 arg1 phase 1372:1376 the CaP phase 1364:1376 the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) 1364:1394 The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. 28666832 1 0 theme embedded 317:324 arg1 particles 307:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles 290:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents 290:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 0 1 with film 34:37 arg1 NPs/Curcumin 47:58 Ag NPs/Curcumin 44:58 Ag NPs/Curcumin 44:58 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 8 2 dep samples 1145:1151 arg1 Ch/CNC 1153:1158 Ch/CNC 1153:1158 Ch/CNC (Cur450) 1153:1167 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 2 dep samples 1145:1151 arg1 samples 1145:1151 the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) 1136:1196 the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) 1136:1196 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 2 dep samples 1145:1151 arg1 Ag 1181:1182 Ag NP463/Cur450 1181:1195 Ag NP463/Cur450 1181:1195 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 2 dep samples 1145:1151 arg1 Cur450 1161:1166 Cur450 1161:1166 Cur450 1161:1166 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 2 dep samples 1145:1151 arg1 Ch/CNC 1173:1178 Ch/CNC 1173:1178 Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) 1173:1196 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 6 3 theme 2θ 850:851 arg1 reflections 853:863 2θ reflections 850:863 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, 850:891 In XRD analysis 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, confirmed the presence planes (1 1), (2 0) and (2 0) respectively. 28666832 0 4 theme in 64:65 arg1 study 72:76 An in vivo study 61:76 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 0:111 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 8 5 theme better 1241:1246 arg1 suitability 1248:1258 better suitability 1241:1258 better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film 1241:1289 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 6 6 from 38.12 868:872 arg1 reflections 853:863 2θ reflections 850:863 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, 850:891 In XRD analysis 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, confirmed the presence planes (1 1), (2 0) and (2 0) respectively. 28666832 7 7 theme irritation 968:977 arg1 test 979:982 skin irritation test 963:982 skin irritation test 963:982 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 1 8 theme strong 329:334 arg1 agents 350:355 strong antimicrobial agents 329:355 strong antimicrobial agents 329:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 3 9 theme 15-25nm 521:527 arg1 range 512:516 a particle size range 496:516 a particle size range of 15-25nm 496:527 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 8 10 theme percent 1098:1104 arg1 57.8 1202:1205 57.8 1202:1205 57.8 1202:1205 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 10 theme percent 1098:1104 arg1 reduction 1112:1120 The percent wound reduction 1094:1120 The percent wound reduction 1094:1120 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 4 11 theme Plasmon 542:548 arg1 SPR 561:563 SPR 561:563 SPR 561:563 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 4 11 theme Plasmon 542:548 arg1 resonance 550:558 The Surface Plasmon resonance 530:558 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs 530:580 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 7 12 theme skin 963:966 arg1 test 979:982 skin irritation test 963:982 skin irritation test 963:982 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 1 13 theme antimicrobial 336:348 arg1 agents 350:355 strong antimicrobial agents 329:355 strong antimicrobial agents 329:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 5 14 theme Ag 826:827 arg1 NPs 829:831 Ag NPs 826:831 Ag NPs 826:831 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 3 15 theme particle 498:505 arg1 range 512:516 a particle size range 496:516 a particle size range of 15-25nm 496:527 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 1 16 theme cellulose 239:247 arg1 crystals 254:261 cellulose nano crystals 239:261 cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents 239:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 5 17 dep samples 675:681 arg1 samples 675:681 the film samples 666:681 the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) 666:715 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 5 17 dep samples 675:681 arg1 Ch/CNC 683:688 Ch/CNC 683:688 Ch/CNC 683:688 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 5 17 dep samples 675:681 arg1 Ch/CNC 695:700 Ch/CNC 695:700 Ch/CNC 695:700 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 7 18 theme Ag 1064:1065 arg1 NPs/Curcumin 1067:1078 Ag NPs/Curcumin 1064:1078 Ag NPs/Curcumin 1064:1078 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 5 19 theme NPs 829:831 arg1 presence 814:821 presence 814:821 presence of Ag NPs 814:831 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 7 20 theme NPs/Curcumin 1067:1078 arg1 films 1087:1091 both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films 1042:1091 films 1087:1091 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 5 21 theme weight 728:733 arg1 loss 735:738 % weight loss 726:738 % weight loss of around 95 and 80 726:758 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 0 22 theme Albino 81:86 arg1 Rats 88:91 Albino Rats 81:91 Albino Rats 81:91 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 1 23 dep films 279:283 arg1 particles 307:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles 290:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents 290:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 4 24 dep 440nm 602:606 arg1 to 599:600 to 599:600 to 599:600 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 1 25 theme chitosan 136:143 arg1 film 145:148 chitosan film 136:148 chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy 136:219 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 0 26 theme cellulose 5:13 arg1 film 34:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film 0:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 0:111 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 3 27 theme TEM 435:437 arg1 analysis 439:446 The TEM analysis 431:446 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, 431:485 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 7 28 from zero 1033:1036 arg1 test 979:982 skin irritation test 963:982 skin irritation test 963:982 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 4 29 theme NPs 578:580 arg1 SPR 561:563 SPR 561:563 SPR 561:563 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 4 29 theme NPs 578:580 arg1 resonance 550:558 The Surface Plasmon resonance 530:558 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs 530:580 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 0 30 theme Nano 0:3 arg1 film 34:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film 0:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 0:111 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 1 31 theme nano 249:252 arg1 crystals 254:261 cellulose nano crystals 239:261 cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents 239:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 0 32 dep in 64:65 arg1 vivo 67:70 vivo 67:70 vivo 67:70 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 7 33 theme loaded 1080:1085 arg1 films 1087:1091 both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films 1042:1091 films 1087:1091 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 0 34 theme chitosan 25:32 arg1 film 34:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film 0:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 0:111 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 4 35 theme Ag 647:648 arg1 concentration 630:642 concentration 630:642 concentration of Ag (I) 630:652 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 0 36 theme wound 97:101 arg1 dressing 103:110 wound dressing 97:110 wound dressing 97:110 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 5 37 theme higher 790:795 arg1 stability 797:805 higher stability 790:805 higher stability 790:805 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 3 38 theme size 507:510 arg1 range 512:516 a particle size range 496:516 a particle size range of 15-25nm 496:527 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 1 39 theme controllable 155:166 arg1 behavior 177:184 controllable swelling behavior 155:184 controllable swelling behavior 155:184 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 0 40 theme dispersed 15:23 arg1 film 34:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film 0:37 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 0:111 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 6 41 dep presence 907:914 arg1 1 926:926 1 926:926 1 926:926 In XRD analysis 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, confirmed the presence planes (1 1), (2 0) and (2 0) respectively. 28666832 6 41 dep presence 907:914 arg1 planes 916:921 planes 916:921 planes (1 1) 916:927 In XRD analysis 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, confirmed the presence planes (1 1), (2 0) and (2 0) respectively. 28666832 1 42 theme swelling 168:175 arg1 behavior 177:184 controllable swelling behavior 155:184 controllable swelling behavior 155:184 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 7 43 theme Curcumin 1051:1058 arg1 films 1087:1091 both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films 1042:1091 films 1087:1091 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 1 44 theme chitosan 270:277 arg1 films 279:283 chitosan films 270:283 chitosan films 270:283 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 2 45 contain had 366:368 arg1 CNC 362:364 The CNC 358:364 The CNC 358:364 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 28666832 2 45 contain had 366:368 arg2 size 378:381 average size 370:381 average size of 40-90nm 370:392 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 28666832 4 46 from increase 618:625 arg1 concentration 630:642 concentration 630:642 concentration of Ag (I) 630:652 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 2 47 theme 40-90nm 386:392 arg1 size 378:381 average size 370:381 average size of 40-90nm 370:392 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 28666832 5 48 theme film 670:673 arg1 samples 675:681 the film samples 666:681 the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) 666:715 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 5 48 theme film 670:673 arg1 Ag463/Cur450 703:714 Ag463/Cur450 703:714 Ag463/Cur450 703:714 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 5 48 theme film 670:673 arg1 Ch/CNC 683:688 Ch/CNC 683:688 Ch/CNC 683:688 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 5 48 theme film 670:673 arg1 Ch/CNC 695:700 Ch/CNC 695:700 Ch/CNC 695:700 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 8 49 theme film 1140:1143 arg1 Ch/CNC 1153:1158 Ch/CNC 1153:1158 Ch/CNC (Cur450) 1153:1167 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 49 theme film 1140:1143 arg1 samples 1145:1151 the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) 1136:1196 the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) 1136:1196 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 49 theme film 1140:1143 arg1 Ch/CNC 1173:1178 Ch/CNC 1173:1178 Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) 1173:1196 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 5 50 theme % 726:726 arg1 loss 735:738 % weight loss 726:738 % weight loss of around 95 and 80 726:758 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 4 51 theme Ag 575:576 arg1 NPs 578:580 these Ag NPs 569:580 these Ag NPs 569:580 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 5 52 theme samples 675:681 arg1 TGA 659:661 The TGA 655:661 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) 655:715 The TGA of the film samples Ch/CNC, and Ch/CNC (Ag463/Cur450) exhibited% weight loss of around 95 and 80 respectively, thus indicating higher stability due to presence of Ag NPs. 28666832 8 53 theme Ag 1263:1264 arg1 NPs/Curcumin 1266:1277 Ag NPs/Curcumin 1263:1277 Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film 1263:1289 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 1 54 with film 145:148 arg1 efficacy 212:219 maximum antimicrobial efficacy 190:219 maximum antimicrobial efficacy 190:219 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 1 54 with film 145:148 arg1 behavior 177:184 controllable swelling behavior 155:184 controllable swelling behavior 155:184 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 7 55 theme Erythema 994:1001 arg1 zero 1033:1036 zero 1033:1036 zero 1033:1036 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 7 55 theme Erythema 994:1001 arg1 scores 1003:1008 the mean Erythema scores 985:1008 the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h 985:1027 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 8 56 theme NPs/Curcumin 1266:1277 arg1 suitability 1248:1258 better suitability 1241:1258 better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film 1241:1289 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 3 57 theme NPs 454:456 arg1 analysis 439:446 The TEM analysis 431:446 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, 431:485 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 0 58 theme Ag 44:45 arg1 NPs/Curcumin 47:58 Ag NPs/Curcumin 44:58 Ag NPs/Curcumin 44:58 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 1 59 theme Curcumin/Ag 290:300 arg1 particles 307:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles 290:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents 290:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 0 60 dep film 34:37 arg1 study 72:76 An in vivo study 61:76 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 0:111 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 1 61 theme nano 302:305 arg1 particles 307:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles 290:315 Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents 290:355 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 1 62 theme maximum 190:196 arg1 efficacy 212:219 maximum antimicrobial efficacy 190:219 maximum antimicrobial efficacy 190:219 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 8 63 theme wound 1106:1110 arg1 57.8 1202:1205 57.8 1202:1205 57.8 1202:1205 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 8 63 theme wound 1106:1110 arg1 reduction 1112:1120 The percent wound reduction 1094:1120 The percent wound reduction 1094:1120 The percent wound reduction, observed for the film samples Ch/CNC (Cur450) and Ch/CNC (Ag NP463/Cur450) was 57.8 and 97.2 respectively, indicating better suitability of Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded film. 28666832 3 64 theme Ag 451:452 arg1 NPs 454:456 Ag NPs 451:456 Ag NPs 451:456 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 1 65 theme antimicrobial 198:210 arg1 efficacy 212:219 maximum antimicrobial efficacy 190:219 maximum antimicrobial efficacy 190:219 With an aim to develop chitosan film with controllable swelling behavior and maximum antimicrobial efficacy, we hereby report cellulose nano crystals loaded chitosan films with Curcumin/Ag nano particles embedded as strong antimicrobial agents. 28666832 7 66 theme mean 989:992 arg1 zero 1033:1036 zero 1033:1036 zero 1033:1036 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 7 66 theme mean 989:992 arg1 scores 1003:1008 the mean Erythema scores 985:1008 the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h 985:1027 In skin irritation test, the mean Erythema scores observed after 72h was zero for both the Curcumin and Ag NPs/Curcumin loaded films. 28666832 0 67 from study 72:76 arg1 Rats 88:91 Albino Rats 81:91 Albino Rats 81:91 Nano cellulose dispersed chitosan film with Ag NPs/Curcumin: An in vivo study on Albino Rats for wound dressing. 28666832 2 68 theme poly 399:402 arg1 index 415:419 poly dispersity index 399:419 poly dispersity index of 3.641 399:428 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 28666832 3 69 theme DMF 472:474 arg1 reduction 476:484 DMF reduction 472:484 DMF reduction 472:484 The TEM analysis of Ag NPs, produced via DMF reduction, revealed a particle size range of 15-25nm. 28666832 2 70 theme average 370:376 arg1 size 378:381 average size 370:381 average size of 40-90nm 370:392 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 28666832 4 71 theme Surface 534:540 arg1 SPR 561:563 SPR 561:563 SPR 561:563 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 4 71 theme Surface 534:540 arg1 resonance 550:558 The Surface Plasmon resonance 530:558 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs 530:580 The Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of these Ag NPs shifted from 380 to 440nm, with the increase in concentration of Ag (I). 28666832 6 72 theme XRD 837:839 arg1 analysis 841:848 XRD analysis 837:848 XRD analysis 837:848 In XRD analysis 2θ reflections at 38.12, 44.28 and 66.46°, confirmed the presence planes (1 1), (2 0) and (2 0) respectively. 28666832 2 73 theme dispersity 404:413 arg1 index 415:419 poly dispersity index 399:419 poly dispersity index of 3.641 399:428 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 28666832 2 74 theme 3.641 424:428 arg1 index 415:419 poly dispersity index 399:419 poly dispersity index of 3.641 399:428 The CNC had average size of 40-90nm with poly dispersity index of 3.641. 25839799 3 0 contain possess 449:455 arg1 7WA 424:426 7WA 424:426 7WA 424:426 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 0 contain possess 449:455 arg2 backbone 459:466 a backbone 457:466 a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 457:526 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 4 1 theme low 827:829 arg1 5mM 846:848 5mM 846:848 5mM 846:848 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 1 theme low 827:829 arg1 level 839:843 low glucose level 827:843 low glucose level (5mM) 827:849 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 1 2 theme molecular 147:155 arg1 mass 157:160 an average molecular mass 136:160 an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da 136:175 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 0 3 theme anti-diabetic 72:84 arg1 effect 86:91 its anti-diabetic effect 68:91 its anti-diabetic effect 68:91 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 0 4 from characterization 10:25 arg1 effect 86:91 its anti-diabetic effect 68:91 its anti-diabetic effect 68:91 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 0 4 from characterization 10:25 arg1 tea 60:62 green tea 54:62 green tea 54:62 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 4 5 theme such 799:802 arg1 effect 804:809 such effect 799:809 such effect 799:809 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 3 6 attach attached 543:550 arg1 O-4 597:599 O-4 597:599 O-4 597:599 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 6 attach attached 543:550 arg2 branches 534:541 branches 534:541 branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues 534:640 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 6 attach attached 543:550 arg1 O-3 555:557 O-3 555:557 O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues 555:590 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 1 7 dep the 196:198 arg1 leaves 200:205 leaves 200:205 leaves 200:205 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 4 8 theme insulin 742:748 arg1 secretion 750:758 insulin secretion 742:758 insulin secretion 742:758 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 5 9 theme type 897:900 arg1 arabinogalactan 905:919 a type II arabinogalactan 895:919 a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea 895:934 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 5 9 theme type 897:900 arg1 7WA 890:892 7WA 890:892 7WA 890:892 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 0 10 from tea 60:62 arg1 characterization 10:25 Structure characterization 0:25 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 0:92 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 0 10 from tea 60:62 arg1 arabinogalactan 33:47 an arabinogalactan 30:47 an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect 30:91 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 3 11 theme 1,6-linked 491:500 arg1 residues 519:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 0 12 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 characterization 10:25 Structure characterization 0:25 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 0:92 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 2 13 theme composition 236:246 arg1 analysis 248:255 Monosaccharide composition analysis 221:255 Monosaccharide composition analysis 221:255 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 3 14 theme partial 395:401 arg1 hydrolysis 403:412 partial hydrolysis 395:412 partial hydrolysis 395:412 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 15 link 1,6-linked 491:500 arg1 residues 519:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 2 16 theme Monosaccharide 221:234 arg1 analysis 248:255 Monosaccharide composition analysis 221:255 Monosaccharide composition analysis 221:255 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 3 17 theme hydrolysis 403:412 arg1 methods 362:368 the methods 358:368 the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR 358:421 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 5 18 theme Green 926:930 arg1 Tea 932:934 Green Tea 926:934 Green Tea 926:934 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 5 19 theme mechanism 856:864 arg1 results 872:878 The mechanism study results 852:878 The mechanism study results 852:878 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 3 20 theme analysis 385:392 arg1 methods 362:368 the methods 358:368 the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR 358:421 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 21 link 1,6-linked 562:571 arg1 residues 583:590 1,6-linked galactose residues 562:590 1,6-linked galactose residues 562:590 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 1 22 with 7WA 126:128 arg1 mass 157:160 an average molecular mass 136:160 an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da 136:175 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 5 23 from Tea 932:934 arg1 arabinogalactan 905:919 a type II arabinogalactan 895:919 a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea 895:934 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 5 23 from Tea 932:934 arg1 7WA 890:892 7WA 890:892 7WA 890:892 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 2 24 theme 1.0:0.96 339:346 arg1 ratio 330:334 the molar ratio 320:334 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96 320:346 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 1 25 theme water-soluble 96:108 arg1 7WA 126:128 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA 94:128 7WA 126:128 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 5 26 theme study 866:870 arg1 results 872:878 The mechanism study results 852:878 The mechanism study results 852:878 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 3 27 theme NMR 419:421 arg1 methods 362:368 the methods 358:368 the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR 358:421 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 0 28 from effect 86:91 arg1 characterization 10:25 Structure characterization 0:25 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 0:92 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 0 28 from effect 86:91 arg1 arabinogalactan 33:47 an arabinogalactan 30:47 an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect 30:91 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 1 29 theme polysaccharide 110:123 arg1 7WA 126:128 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA 94:128 7WA 126:128 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 1 30 theme Da 174:175 arg1 mass 157:160 an average molecular mass 136:160 an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da 136:175 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 0 31 theme arabinogalactan 33:47 arg1 characterization 10:25 Structure characterization 0:25 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 0:92 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 3 32 theme methylation 373:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 methylation analysis 373:392 methylation analysis 373:392 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 1 33 attach isolated 182:189 arg1 the 196:198 the 196:198 the 196:198 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 1 33 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 7WA 126:128 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA 94:128 7WA 126:128 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 25839799 4 34 theme glucose 831:837 arg1 5mM 846:848 5mM 846:848 5mM 846:848 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 34 theme glucose 831:837 arg1 level 839:843 low glucose level 827:843 low glucose level (5mM) 827:849 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 35 theme glucose-stimulated 658:675 arg1 GSIS 696:699 GSIS 696:699 GSIS 696:699 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 35 theme glucose-stimulated 658:675 arg1 secretion 685:693 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 658:693 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) 658:700 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 0 36 theme green 54:58 arg1 tea 60:62 green tea 54:62 green tea 54:62 Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. 25839799 3 37 theme 1,3-linked 612:621 arg1 residues 633:640 1,3-linked galactose residues 612:640 1,3-linked galactose residues 612:640 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 2 38 contain contained 283:291 arg1 7WA 272:274 7WA 272:274 7WA 272:274 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 2 38 contain contained 283:291 arg2 7WA 272:274 7WA 272:274 7WA 272:274 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 2 38 contain contained 283:291 arg2 Galactose 307:315 Galactose 307:315 Galactose 307:315 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 2 38 contain contained 283:291 arg1 ratio 330:334 the molar ratio 320:334 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96 320:346 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 2 38 contain contained 283:291 arg2 Arabinose 293:301 Arabinose 293:301 Arabinose 293:301 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 3 39 theme residues 633:640 arg1 O-4 597:599 O-4 597:599 O-4 597:599 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 39 theme residues 633:640 arg1 O-3 555:557 O-3 555:557 O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues 555:590 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 39 theme residues 633:640 arg1 O-6 605:607 O-6 605:607 O-6 605:607 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 40 theme galactose 623:631 arg1 residues 633:640 1,3-linked galactose residues 612:640 1,3-linked galactose residues 612:640 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 41 theme galactose 573:581 arg1 residues 583:590 1,6-linked galactose residues 562:590 1,6-linked galactose residues 562:590 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 4 42 theme glucose 768:774 arg1 level 776:780 high glucose level 763:780 high glucose level (25mM) 763:787 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 42 theme glucose 768:774 arg1 25mM 783:786 25mM 783:786 25mM 783:786 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 43 theme secretion 685:693 arg1 results 647:653 The results 643:653 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) 643:700 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 3 44 theme galactopyranosyl 502:517 arg1 residues 519:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 45 theme 1,3- 482:485 arg1 residues 519:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues 482:526 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 46 theme residues 583:590 arg1 O-4 597:599 O-4 597:599 O-4 597:599 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 46 theme residues 583:590 arg1 O-3 555:557 O-3 555:557 O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues 555:590 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 3 46 theme residues 583:590 arg1 O-6 605:607 O-6 605:607 O-6 605:607 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 4 47 theme insulin 677:683 arg1 GSIS 696:699 GSIS 696:699 GSIS 696:699 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 47 theme insulin 677:683 arg1 secretion 685:693 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 658:693 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) 658:700 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 3 48 link 1,3-linked 612:621 arg1 residues 633:640 1,3-linked galactose residues 612:640 1,3-linked galactose residues 612:640 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 5 49 theme cAMP-PKA 959:966 arg1 pathway 968:974 cAMP-PKA pathway 959:974 cAMP-PKA pathway 959:974 The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway. 25839799 4 50 theme high 763:766 arg1 level 776:780 high glucose level 763:780 high glucose level (25mM) 763:787 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 4 50 theme high 763:766 arg1 25mM 783:786 25mM 783:786 25mM 783:786 The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). 25839799 2 51 theme molar 324:328 arg1 ratio 330:334 the molar ratio 320:334 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96 320:346 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. 25839799 3 52 theme 1,6-linked 562:571 arg1 residues 583:590 1,6-linked galactose residues 562:590 1,6-linked galactose residues 562:590 By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. 25839799 1 53 theme average 139:145 arg1 mass 157:160 an average molecular mass 136:160 an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da 136:175 A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. 26076598 1 0 theme transdermal 178:188 arg1 films 190:194 chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films 158:194 chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films 158:194 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 2 1 from time 332:335 arg1 able 343:346 able 343:346 able 343:346 This approach offers the possibility to elude the first-pass metabolism and at the same time it is able to provide a predictable and extended duration of activity. 26076598 4 2 contain containing 851:860 arg1 films 845:849 films 845:849 films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan 845:926 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 2 contain containing 851:860 arg2 excess 895:900 an excess 892:900 an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan 892:926 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 2 contain containing 851:860 arg2 species 881:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 0 3 theme thiocolchicoside 89:104 arg1 delivery 77:84 transdermal delivery 65:84 transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside 65:104 Development and characterization of chitosan/hyaluronan film for transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 1 4 theme films 190:194 arg1 objective 111:119 The objective 107:119 The objective of this study 107:133 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 1 4 theme films 190:194 arg1 development 143:153 the development 139:153 the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside 139:241 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 4 5 theme polymeric 624:632 arg1 composition 634:644 polymeric composition 624:644 polymeric composition of films 624:653 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 6 theme uptake 814:819 arg1 ability 821:827 lower water uptake ability 802:827 lower water uptake ability 802:827 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 7 theme chitosan 905:912 arg1 species 881:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 7 theme chitosan 905:912 arg1 excess 895:900 an excess 892:900 an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan 892:926 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 6 8 theme appropriate 1165:1175 arg1 conditions 1189:1198 appropriate preparative conditions 1165:1198 appropriate preparative conditions 1165:1198 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 2 9 theme same 327:330 arg1 time 332:335 the same time 323:335 the same time 323:335 This approach offers the possibility to elude the first-pass metabolism and at the same time it is able to provide a predictable and extended duration of activity. 26076598 4 10 theme net 694:696 arg1 charge 698:703 the net charge 690:703 the net charge 690:703 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 11 theme films 649:653 arg1 composition 634:644 polymeric composition 624:644 polymeric composition of films 624:653 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 12 theme hyaluronan 784:793 arg1 ratio 762:766 the same weight ratio 746:766 the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan 746:793 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 2 13 theme extended 377:384 arg1 duration 386:393 a predictable and extended duration 359:393 a predictable and extended duration of activity 359:405 This approach offers the possibility to elude the first-pass metabolism and at the same time it is able to provide a predictable and extended duration of activity. 26076598 4 14 theme same 750:753 arg1 ratio 762:766 the same weight ratio 746:766 the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan 746:793 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 1 15 theme study 129:133 arg1 objective 111:119 The objective 107:119 The objective of this study 107:133 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 1 15 theme study 129:133 arg1 development 143:153 the development 139:153 the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside 139:241 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 4 16 theme polymeric 871:879 arg1 species 881:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 3 17 theme physico-chemical 561:576 arg1 properties 593:602 their physico-chemical and functional properties 555:602 their physico-chemical and functional properties 555:602 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 3 18 theme aqueous 453:459 arg1 solutions 461:469 aqueous solutions 453:469 aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 453:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 4 19 contain containing 735:744 arg2 ratio 762:766 the same weight ratio 746:766 the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan 746:793 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 19 contain containing 735:744 arg1 films 729:733 films 729:733 films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan 729:793 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 20 theme lower 802:806 arg1 ability 821:827 lower water uptake ability 802:827 lower water uptake ability 802:827 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 3 21 theme solutions 461:469 arg1 drying 443:448 drying 443:448 drying 443:448 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 3 21 theme solutions 461:469 arg1 casting 431:437 casting 431:437 casting 431:437 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 6 22 theme ratio 1155:1159 arg1 selection 1114:1122 the selection 1110:1122 the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions 1110:1198 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 2 23 theme activity 398:405 arg1 duration 386:393 a predictable and extended duration 359:393 a predictable and extended duration of activity 359:405 This approach offers the possibility to elude the first-pass metabolism and at the same time it is able to provide a predictable and extended duration of activity. 26076598 6 24 theme polymeric 1138:1146 arg1 ratio 1155:1159 a suitable polymeric weight ratio 1127:1159 a suitable polymeric weight ratio 1127:1159 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 25 theme weight 1148:1153 arg1 ratio 1155:1159 a suitable polymeric weight ratio 1127:1159 a suitable polymeric weight ratio 1127:1159 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 3 26 theme weight 492:497 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 482:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 4 27 theme water 808:812 arg1 ability 821:827 lower water uptake ability 802:827 lower water uptake ability 802:827 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 28 theme chitosan 771:778 arg1 ratio 762:766 the same weight ratio 746:766 the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan 746:793 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 0 29 theme film 56:59 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of chitosan/hyaluronan film for transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 0 29 theme film 56:59 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of chitosan/hyaluronan film for transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 6 30 theme drug 1352:1355 arg1 delivery 1357:1364 transdermal drug delivery 1340:1364 transdermal drug delivery 1340:1364 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 3 31 contain containing 471:480 arg2 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 482:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 3 31 contain containing 471:480 arg1 solutions 461:469 aqueous solutions 453:469 aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 453:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 4 32 theme charge 698:703 arg1 amount 680:685 the amount 676:685 the amount of the net charge 676:703 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 32 theme charge 698:703 arg1 charge 698:703 the net charge 690:703 the net charge 690:703 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 0 33 theme chitosan/hyaluronan 36:54 arg1 film 56:59 chitosan/hyaluronan film 36:59 chitosan/hyaluronan film 36:59 Development and characterization of chitosan/hyaluronan film for transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 6 34 used used 1297:1300 arg2 platform 1327:1334 a novel technological platform 1305:1334 a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery 1305:1364 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 34 used used 1297:1300 arg2 formulations 1275:1286 these formulations 1269:1286 these formulations 1269:1286 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 3 35 theme different 482:490 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 482:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 0 36 theme transdermal 65:75 arg1 delivery 77:84 transdermal delivery 65:84 transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside 65:104 Development and characterization of chitosan/hyaluronan film for transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 4 37 theme hyaluronan 917:926 arg1 species 881:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 only one polymeric species 862:887 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 4 37 theme hyaluronan 917:926 arg1 excess 895:900 an excess 892:900 an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan 892:926 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 6 38 theme properties 1241:1250 arg1 modulation 1211:1220 the modulation 1207:1220 the modulation of film functional properties 1207:1250 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 2 39 theme predictable 361:371 arg1 duration 386:393 a predictable and extended duration 359:393 a predictable and extended duration of activity 359:405 This approach offers the possibility to elude the first-pass metabolism and at the same time it is able to provide a predictable and extended duration of activity. 26076598 6 40 theme transdermal 1340:1350 arg1 delivery 1357:1364 transdermal drug delivery 1340:1364 transdermal drug delivery 1340:1364 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 41 theme conditions 1189:1198 arg1 selection 1114:1122 the selection 1110:1122 the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions 1110:1198 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 42 theme functional 1230:1239 arg1 properties 1241:1250 film functional properties 1225:1250 film functional properties 1225:1250 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 3 43 theme hyaluronan 522:531 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 482:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 6 44 theme technological 1313:1325 arg1 platform 1327:1334 a novel technological platform 1305:1334 a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery 1305:1364 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 44 theme technological 1313:1325 arg1 formulations 1275:1286 these formulations 1269:1286 these formulations 1269:1286 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 45 theme film 1225:1228 arg1 properties 1241:1250 film functional properties 1225:1250 film functional properties 1225:1250 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 4 46 theme weight 755:760 arg1 ratio 762:766 the same weight ratio 746:766 the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan 746:793 In accordance with polymeric composition of films and, therefore, with the amount of the net charge after the complexation, films containing the same weight ratio of chitosan and hyaluronan showed lower water uptake ability with respect to films containing only one polymeric species or an excess of chitosan or hyaluronan. 26076598 6 47 theme novel 1307:1311 arg1 platform 1327:1334 a novel technological platform 1305:1334 a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery 1305:1364 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 6 47 theme novel 1307:1311 arg1 formulations 1275:1286 these formulations 1269:1286 these formulations 1269:1286 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 5 48 dep lower 943:947 arg1 hydration 953:961 the hydration 949:961 the lower the hydration of the polymeric network 939:986 Moreover, the lower the hydration of the polymeric network, the lower is the drug diffusion through the films and its permeation through the skin. 26076598 2 49 theme first-pass 294:303 arg1 metabolism 305:314 the first-pass metabolism 290:314 the first-pass metabolism 290:314 This approach offers the possibility to elude the first-pass metabolism and at the same time it is able to provide a predictable and extended duration of activity. 26076598 3 50 theme chitosan 509:516 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan 482:531 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 6 51 theme suitable 1129:1136 arg1 ratio 1155:1159 a suitable polymeric weight ratio 1127:1159 a suitable polymeric weight ratio 1127:1159 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 5 52 theme drug 1006:1009 arg1 diffusion 1011:1019 the drug diffusion 1002:1019 the drug diffusion through the films 1002:1037 Moreover, the lower the hydration of the polymeric network, the lower is the drug diffusion through the films and its permeation through the skin. 26076598 5 52 theme drug 1006:1009 arg1 lower 943:947 lower 943:947 lower 943:947 Moreover, the lower the hydration of the polymeric network, the lower is the drug diffusion through the films and its permeation through the skin. 26076598 1 53 theme thiocolchicoside 226:241 arg1 bioavailability 207:221 bioavailability 207:221 bioavailability of thiocolchicoside 207:241 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 26076598 5 54 theme polymeric 970:978 arg1 network 980:986 the polymeric network 966:986 the polymeric network 966:986 Moreover, the lower the hydration of the polymeric network, the lower is the drug diffusion through the films and its permeation through the skin. 26076598 6 55 theme preparative 1177:1187 arg1 conditions 1189:1198 appropriate preparative conditions 1165:1198 appropriate preparative conditions 1165:1198 This study clearly confirmed that the selection of a suitable polymeric weight ratio and appropriate preparative conditions allows the modulation of film functional properties, suggesting that these formulations could be used as a novel technological platform for transdermal drug delivery. 26076598 3 56 theme functional 582:591 arg1 properties 593:602 their physico-chemical and functional properties 555:602 their physico-chemical and functional properties 555:602 Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and hyaluronan and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. 26076598 1 57 theme chitosan/hyaluronan 158:176 arg1 films 190:194 chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films 158:194 chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films 158:194 The objective of this study was the development of chitosan/hyaluronan transdermal films to improve bioavailability of thiocolchicoside. 25039673 10 0 theme floor 1652:1656 arg1 dust 1658:1661 Danish floor dust 1645:1661 Danish floor dust 1645:1661 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 1 1 from variation 126:134 arg1 dust 213:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 5 2 theme means 729:733 arg1 2 878:878 2 878:878 2 878:878 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 2 theme means 729:733 arg1 14.3 882:885 14.3 882:885 14.3 882:885 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 2 theme means 729:733 arg1 2 776:776 2 776:776 2 776:776 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 2 theme means 729:733 arg1 4.3 780:782 4.3 780:782 4.3 780:782 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 2 theme means 729:733 arg1 mg/m 771:774 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m 719:774 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust 719:792 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 3 theme × 897:897 arg1 μg/g 905:908 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) 892:914 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan 892:935 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 1 4 theme -D-glucan 187:195 arg1 determinants 140:151 determinants 140:151 determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan 140:195 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 1 4 theme -D-glucan 187:195 arg1 variation 126:134 geographic variation 115:134 geographic variation 115:134 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 6 5 theme r 957:957 arg1 correlations 943:954 High correlations 938:954 High correlations (r > 0.75) 938:965 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 6 5 theme r 957:957 arg1 > 959:959 r > 0.75 957:964 r > 0.75 957:964 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 3 6 theme endotoxin 516:524 arg1 content 526:532 endotoxin content 516:532 endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay 516:579 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 10 7 theme other 1677:1681 arg1 regions 1692:1698 other European regions 1677:1698 other European regions 1677:1698 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 8 8 theme dwelling 1299:1306 arg1 location 1308:1315 dwelling location 1299:1315 dwelling location 1299:1315 Pet keeping, dwelling type, and dwelling location were determinants of endotoxin concentrations. 25039673 1 9 theme Danish 200:205 arg1 dust 213:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 2 10 dep assessed 380:387 arg1 ii 347:348 ii 347:348 ii 347:348 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 10 dep assessed 380:387 arg1 iii 375:377 iii 375:377 iii 375:377 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 3 11 theme amoebocyte 557:566 arg1 lysate 568:573 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate 537:573 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay 537:579 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 10 12 theme Danish 1645:1650 arg1 dust 1658:1661 Danish floor dust 1645:1661 Danish floor dust 1645:1661 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 1 13 theme house 207:211 arg1 dust 213:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 6 14 theme High 938:941 arg1 correlations 943:954 High correlations 938:954 High correlations (r > 0.75) 938:965 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 6 14 theme High 938:941 arg1 > 959:959 r > 0.75 957:964 r > 0.75 957:964 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 3 15 theme lysate 568:573 arg1 assay 575:579 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay 537:579 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay 537:579 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 2 16 theme European 462:469 arg1 studies 471:477 previous European studies 453:477 previous European studies 453:477 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 17 theme endotoxin 310:318 arg1 concentrations 280:293 concentrations 280:293 concentrations 280:293 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 17 theme endotoxin 310:318 arg1 loads 270:274 loads 270:274 loads 270:274 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 5 18 theme 1→3 923:925 arg1 -D-glucan 927:935 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 920:935 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 920:935 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 1 19 theme geographic 115:124 arg1 variation 126:134 geographic variation 115:134 geographic variation 115:134 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 3 20 theme kinetic 541:547 arg1 lysate 568:573 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate 537:573 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay 537:579 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 2 21 theme previous 453:460 arg1 studies 471:477 previous European studies 453:477 previous European studies 453:477 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 7 22 dep endotoxin 1220:1228 arg1 concentrations 1251:1264 -D-glucan concentrations 1241:1264 -D-glucan concentrations 1241:1264 Having a carpet was positively associated with dust load and with endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. 25039673 2 23 dep described 260:268 arg1 compared 426:433 compared 426:433 compared our findings with previous European studies 426:477 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 23 dep described 260:268 arg1 iv 410:411 iv 410:411 iv 410:411 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 23 dep described 260:268 arg1 we 252:253 we 252:253 we 252:253 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 23 dep described 260:268 arg1 i 257:257 i 257:257 i 257:257 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 6 24 theme floor 986:990 arg1 dust 992:995 floor dust 986:995 floor dust 986:995 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 9 25 theme -D-glucan 1414:1422 arg1 concentrations 1424:1437 β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1407:1437 β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1407:1437 No other determinants were associated with β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. 25039673 2 26 theme 1→3 328:330 arg1 -D-glucan 332:340 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 325:340 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 325:340 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 3 27 theme limulus 549:555 arg1 lysate 568:573 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate 537:573 the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay 537:579 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 4 28 theme potential 685:693 arg1 determinants 695:706 potential determinants 685:706 potential determinants 685:706 The parents answered questions regarding potential determinants. 25039673 6 29 theme dust 1143:1146 arg1 load 1148:1151 the dust load 1139:1151 the dust load 1139:1151 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 2 30 theme children 242:249 arg1 population 224:233 a population 222:233 a population of 317 children 222:249 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 10 31 theme different 1620:1628 arg1 composition 1630:1640 a geographically determined different composition 1592:1640 a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust 1592:1661 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 10 32 theme European 1460:1467 arg1 studies 1469:1475 other European studies 1454:1475 other European studies 1454:1475 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 8 33 theme keeping 1271:1277 arg1 Pet 1267:1269 Pet keeping 1267:1277 Pet keeping 1267:1277 Pet keeping, dwelling type, and dwelling location were determinants of endotoxin concentrations. 25039673 2 34 theme β- 325:326 arg1 -D-glucan 332:340 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 325:340 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 325:340 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 3 35 theme β- 589:590 arg1 -D-glucan 596:604 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 589:604 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 589:604 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 0 36 theme children 79:86 arg1 homes 63:67 homes 63:67 homes of Danish children 63:86 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. 25039673 8 37 theme concentrations 1348:1361 arg1 determinants 1322:1333 determinants 1322:1333 determinants of endotoxin concentrations 1322:1361 Pet keeping, dwelling type, and dwelling location were determinants of endotoxin concentrations. 25039673 6 38 theme β- 1059:1060 arg1 concentrations 1076:1089 endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1045:1089 endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1045:1089 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 0 39 theme house 16:20 arg1 dust 22:25 house dust 16:25 house dust 16:25 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. 25039673 0 40 theme Danish 72:77 arg1 children 79:86 Danish children 72:86 Danish children 72:86 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. 25039673 3 41 theme Bedroom 480:486 arg1 dust 494:497 Bedroom floor dust 480:497 Bedroom floor dust 480:497 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 6 42 theme endotoxin 1045:1053 arg1 concentrations 1076:1089 endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1045:1089 endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1045:1089 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 10 43 theme dust 1658:1661 arg1 composition 1630:1640 a geographically determined different composition 1592:1640 a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust 1592:1661 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 1 44 theme bacterial 156:164 arg1 endotoxin 166:174 bacterial endotoxin 156:174 bacterial endotoxin 156:174 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 0 45 theme endotoxin 28:36 arg1 Determinants 0:11 Determinants 0:11 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3) 0:49 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. 25039673 6 46 theme -D-glucan 1066:1074 arg1 concentrations 1076:1089 endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1045:1089 endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations 1045:1089 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 3 47 theme floor 488:492 arg1 dust 494:497 Bedroom floor dust 480:497 Bedroom floor dust 480:497 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 5 48 theme β- 920:921 arg1 -D-glucan 927:935 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 920:935 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 920:935 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 1 49 theme endotoxin 166:174 arg1 determinants 140:151 determinants 140:151 determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan 140:195 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 1 49 theme endotoxin 166:174 arg1 variation 126:134 geographic variation 115:134 geographic variation 115:134 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 2 50 theme floor 298:302 arg1 dust 304:307 floor dust 298:307 floor dust 298:307 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 10 51 theme -D-glucan 1500:1508 arg1 loads 1510:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 0 52 theme dust 22:25 arg1 Determinants 0:11 Determinants 0:11 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3) 0:49 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. 25039673 10 53 theme endotoxin 1546:1554 arg1 loads 1556:1560 lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads 1487:1560 lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads 1487:1560 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 2 54 theme dust 304:307 arg1 concentrations 280:293 concentrations 280:293 concentrations 280:293 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 54 theme dust 304:307 arg1 loads 270:274 loads 270:274 loads 270:274 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 55 theme -D-glucan 332:340 arg1 concentrations 280:293 concentrations 280:293 concentrations 280:293 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 2 55 theme -D-glucan 332:340 arg1 loads 270:274 loads 270:274 loads 270:274 In a population of 317 children, we: (i) described loads and concentrations of floor dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan and (ii) their correlations and (iii) assessed their determinants; (iv) Finally, we compared our findings with previous European studies. 25039673 10 56 theme β- 1493:1494 arg1 loads 1510:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 5 57 theme × 831:831 arg1 EU/g 839:842 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) 826:848 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) 826:848 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 58 theme geometric 736:744 arg1 means 729:733 geometric means 719:733 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust 719:792 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 58 theme geometric 736:744 arg1 deviations 755:764 geometric standard deviations 736:764 geometric standard deviations 736:764 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 10 59 theme lower 1487:1491 arg1 loads 1556:1560 lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads 1487:1560 lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads 1487:1560 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 6 60 dep dust 992:995 arg1 loads 1032:1036 -D-glucan loads 1022:1036 -D-glucan loads 1022:1036 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 10 61 dep lower 1487:1491 arg1 concentrations 1520:1533 concentrations 1520:1533 concentrations 1520:1533 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 10 61 dep lower 1487:1491 arg1 loads 1510:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 1 62 dep variation 126:134 arg1 the 111:113 the 111:113 the 111:113 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 10 63 theme European 1683:1690 arg1 regions 1692:1698 other European regions 1677:1698 other European regions 1677:1698 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 5 64 theme standard 746:753 arg1 means 729:733 geometric means 719:733 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust 719:792 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 64 theme standard 746:753 arg1 deviations 755:764 geometric standard deviations 736:764 geometric standard deviations 736:764 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 7 65 theme -D-glucan 1241:1249 arg1 concentrations 1251:1264 -D-glucan concentrations 1241:1264 -D-glucan concentrations 1241:1264 Having a carpet was positively associated with dust load and with endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. 25039673 3 66 theme 1→3 592:594 arg1 -D-glucan 596:604 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 589:604 β-(1→3)-D-glucan 589:604 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 8 67 theme endotoxin 1338:1346 arg1 concentrations 1348:1361 endotoxin concentrations 1338:1361 endotoxin concentrations 1338:1361 Pet keeping, dwelling type, and dwelling location were determinants of endotoxin concentrations. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 2 878:878 2 878:878 2 878:878 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 μg/g 905:908 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) 892:914 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan 892:935 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 4.3 780:782 4.3 780:782 4.3 780:782 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 × 800:800 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) 795:814 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) 795:820 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 14.3 882:885 14.3 882:885 14.3 882:885 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 mg/m 771:774 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m 719:774 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust 719:792 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 μg/m 873:876 142 μg/m 869:876 142 μg/m 869:876 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 2 776:776 2 776:776 2 776:776 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 68 dep found 712:716 arg1 8.0 817:819 8.0 817:819 8.0 817:819 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 8 69 theme dwelling 1280:1287 arg1 type 1289:1292 dwelling type 1280:1292 dwelling type 1280:1292 Pet keeping, dwelling type, and dwelling location were determinants of endotoxin concentrations. 25039673 9 70 theme other 1367:1371 arg1 determinants 1373:1384 No other determinants 1364:1384 No other determinants 1364:1384 No other determinants were associated with β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. 25039673 1 71 theme β- 180:181 arg1 -D-glucan 187:195 β-(1,3)-D-glucan 180:195 β-(1,3)-D-glucan 180:195 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 7 72 theme dust 1201:1204 arg1 load 1206:1209 dust load 1201:1209 dust load 1201:1209 Having a carpet was positively associated with dust load and with endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. 25039673 1 73 dep -D-glucan 187:195 arg1 1,3 183:185 1,3 183:185 1,3 183:185 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 7 74 theme Having 1154:1159 arg1 carpet 1163:1168 a carpet 1161:1168 Having a carpet 1154:1168 Having a carpet was positively associated with dust load and with endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations. 25039673 5 75 theme geometric 719:727 arg1 means 729:733 geometric means 719:733 geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust 719:792 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 5 75 theme geometric 719:727 arg1 deviations 755:764 geometric standard deviations 736:764 geometric standard deviations 736:764 We found: geometric means (geometric standard deviations) 186 mg/m(2) (4.3) for dust; 5.46 × 10(3) EU/m(2) (8.0) and 31.1 × 10(3) EU/g (2.6) for endotoxin; and 142 μg/m(2) (14.3) and 0.71 × 10(3) μg/g (7.3) for β-(1→3)-D-glucan. 25039673 10 76 theme higher 1539:1544 arg1 loads 1556:1560 lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads 1487:1560 lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads 1487:1560 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 3 77 theme enzyme 624:629 arg1 immunoassay 631:641 the inhibition enzyme immunoassay 609:641 the inhibition enzyme immunoassay 609:641 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 1 78 from determinants 140:151 arg1 dust 213:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Danish house dust 200:216 Little is known about the geographic variation and determinants of bacterial endotoxin and β-(1,3)-D-glucan in Danish house dust. 25039673 6 79 theme -D-glucan 1022:1030 arg1 loads 1032:1036 -D-glucan loads 1022:1036 -D-glucan loads 1022:1036 High correlations (r > 0.75) were found between floor dust and endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads, while endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.36-0.41) with the dust load. 25039673 0 80 theme β- 43:44 arg1 Determinants 0:11 Determinants 0:11 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3) 0:49 Determinants of house dust, endotoxin, and β-(1→3)-D-glucan in homes of Danish children. 25039673 10 81 theme other 1454:1458 arg1 studies 1469:1475 other European studies 1454:1475 other European studies 1454:1475 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 3 82 theme inhibition 613:622 arg1 immunoassay 631:641 the inhibition enzyme immunoassay 609:641 the inhibition enzyme immunoassay 609:641 Bedroom floor dust was analyzed for endotoxin content by the kinetic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and for β-(1→3)-D-glucan by the inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 25039673 10 83 theme determined 1609:1618 arg1 composition 1630:1640 a geographically determined different composition 1592:1640 a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust 1592:1661 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 25039673 10 84 theme 1→3 1496:1498 arg1 loads 1510:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads 1493:1514 Compared with other European studies, we found lower β-(1→3)-D-glucan loads and concentrations but higher endotoxin loads and concentrations suggesting a geographically determined different composition of Danish floor dust compared with other European regions. 24497431 0 0 theme hydrogel 126:133 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 0 0 theme hydrogel 126:133 arg1 characterization 24:39 initial characterization 16:39 initial characterization 16:39 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 4 1 theme partial 1051:1057 arg1 degradation 1059:1069 subsequent partial degradation 1040:1069 subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1040:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 2 theme hyaluronic 906:915 arg1 acid 917:920 hyaluronic acid 906:920 hyaluronic acid 906:920 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 2 theme hyaluronic 906:915 arg1 aggregates 871:880 soluble elastin aggregates 855:880 soluble elastin aggregates 855:880 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 3 3 theme biomaterial 507:517 arg1 development 455:465 development 455:465 development 455:465 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 3 3 theme biomaterial 507:517 arg1 characterization 479:494 initial characterization 471:494 initial characterization 471:494 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 0 4 theme shape-memory 113:124 arg1 hydrogel 126:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel 44:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration 44:167 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 5 5 theme mechanical 1233:1242 arg1 compression 1244:1254 multi-cycle mechanical compression 1221:1254 multi-cycle mechanical compression 1221:1254 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 8 6 theme Feasibility 1654:1664 arg1 studies 1666:1672 Feasibility studies 1654:1672 Feasibility studies 1654:1672 Feasibility studies demonstrated that the EGC hydrogel could be delivered via minimally invasive methods. 24497431 0 7 theme nucleus 139:145 arg1 regeneration 156:167 nucleus pulposus regeneration 139:167 nucleus pulposus regeneration 139:167 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 3 8 dep development 455:465 arg1 the 451:453 the 451:453 the 451:453 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 7 9 theme In 1517:1518 arg1 studies 1542:1548 In vivo biocompatibility studies 1517:1548 In vivo biocompatibility studies 1517:1548 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 4 10 theme soluble 855:861 arg1 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 10 theme soluble 855:861 arg1 chondroitin-6-sulfate 883:903 chondroitin-6-sulfate 883:903 chondroitin-6-sulfate 883:903 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 10 theme soluble 855:861 arg1 acid 917:920 hyaluronic acid 906:920 hyaluronic acid 906:920 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 10 theme soluble 855:861 arg1 aggregates 871:880 soluble elastin aggregates 855:880 soluble elastin aggregates 855:880 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 3 11 theme resilient 550:558 arg1 nature 576:581 the resilient and hydrophilic nature 546:581 the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP 546:591 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 4 12 theme unique 779:784 arg1 characteristic 808:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 13 theme shape-memory 787:798 arg1 characteristic 808:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 14 theme resilient 730:738 arg1 hydrogel 753:760 a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel 728:760 a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 728:821 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 1 15 theme intervertebral 298:311 arg1 IVD 319:321 IVD 319:321 IVD 319:321 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 1 15 theme intervertebral 298:311 arg1 disc 313:316 the intervertebral disc 294:316 the intervertebral disc (IVD) 294:322 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 6 16 theme cell-like 1496:1504 arg1 phenotype 1506:1514 an NP cell-like phenotype 1490:1514 an NP cell-like phenotype 1490:1514 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 8 17 theme EGC 1696:1698 arg1 hydrogel 1700:1707 the EGC hydrogel 1692:1707 the EGC hydrogel 1692:1707 Feasibility studies demonstrated that the EGC hydrogel could be delivered via minimally invasive methods. 24497431 4 18 theme aggregates 871:880 arg1 blend 846:850 a blend 844:850 a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen 844:933 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 3 19 theme initial 471:477 arg1 characterization 479:494 initial characterization 471:494 initial characterization 471:494 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 1 20 theme resilient 197:205 arg1 pulposus 178:185 Nucleus pulposus 170:185 Nucleus pulposus (NP) 170:190 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 1 20 theme resilient 197:205 arg1 tissue 223:228 a resilient and hydrophilic tissue 195:228 a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) 195:322 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 0 21 theme pulposus 147:154 arg1 regeneration 156:167 nucleus pulposus regeneration 139:167 nucleus pulposus regeneration 139:167 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 5 22 theme water 1197:1201 arg1 content 1203:1209 water content 1197:1209 water content 1197:1209 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 4 23 theme elastin 863:869 arg1 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 23 theme elastin 863:869 arg1 chondroitin-6-sulfate 883:903 chondroitin-6-sulfate 883:903 chondroitin-6-sulfate 883:903 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 23 theme elastin 863:869 arg1 acid 917:920 hyaluronic acid 906:920 hyaluronic acid 906:920 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 23 theme elastin 863:869 arg1 aggregates 871:880 soluble elastin aggregates 855:880 soluble elastin aggregates 855:880 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 24 theme sponge 801:806 arg1 characteristic 808:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 2 25 theme early 397:401 arg1 stages 403:408 the early stages 393:408 the early stages of IVD degeneration 393:428 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 7 26 theme biocompatibility 1525:1540 arg1 studies 1542:1548 In vivo biocompatibility studies 1517:1548 In vivo biocompatibility studies 1517:1548 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 4 27 theme subsequent 1040:1049 arg1 degradation 1059:1069 subsequent partial degradation 1040:1069 subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1040:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 5 28 theme accelerated 1286:1296 arg1 degradation 1308:1318 accelerated enzymatic degradation 1286:1318 accelerated enzymatic degradation 1286:1318 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 7 29 theme cell 1567:1570 arg1 infiltration 1572:1583 host cell infiltration 1562:1583 host cell infiltration 1562:1583 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 4 30 with stabilization 960:972 arg1 fixative 1026:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 30 with stabilization 960:972 arg1 enzymes 1104:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 30 with stabilization 960:972 arg1 carbodiimide 981:992 a carbodiimide 979:992 a carbodiimide 979:992 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 1 31 theme hydrophilic 211:221 arg1 pulposus 178:185 Nucleus pulposus 170:185 Nucleus pulposus (NP) 170:190 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 1 31 theme hydrophilic 211:221 arg1 tissue 223:228 a resilient and hydrophilic tissue 195:228 a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) 195:322 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 1 32 theme disc 313:316 arg1 function 282:289 the biomechanical function 264:289 the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) 264:322 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 6 33 theme stem 1382:1385 arg1 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 6 33 theme stem 1382:1385 arg1 cells 1387:1391 human adipose derived stem cells 1360:1391 human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1360:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 4 34 theme degrading 1094:1102 arg1 enzymes 1104:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 35 theme " 799:799 arg1 characteristic 808:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic 777:821 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 7 36 theme active 1601:1606 arg1 remodeling 1608:1617 active remodeling 1601:1617 active remodeling 1601:1617 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 6 37 link derived 1374:1380 arg1 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 6 37 link derived 1374:1380 arg1 cells 1387:1391 human adipose derived stem cells 1360:1391 human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1360:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 5 38 theme enzymatic 1298:1306 arg1 degradation 1308:1318 accelerated enzymatic degradation 1286:1318 accelerated enzymatic degradation 1286:1318 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 6 39 theme NP 1493:1494 arg1 phenotype 1506:1514 an NP cell-like phenotype 1490:1514 an NP cell-like phenotype 1490:1514 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 4 40 with degradation 1059:1069 arg1 fixative 1026:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 40 with degradation 1059:1069 arg1 enzymes 1104:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 40 with degradation 1059:1069 arg1 carbodiimide 981:992 a carbodiimide 979:992 a carbodiimide 979:992 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 3 41 theme hydrophilic 564:574 arg1 nature 576:581 the resilient and hydrophilic nature 546:581 the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP 546:591 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 4 42 with freeze-drying 945:957 arg1 fixative 1026:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 42 with freeze-drying 945:957 arg1 enzymes 1104:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 42 with freeze-drying 945:957 arg1 carbodiimide 981:992 a carbodiimide 979:992 a carbodiimide 979:992 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 0 43 theme initial 16:22 arg1 characterization 24:39 initial characterization 16:39 initial characterization 16:39 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 5 44 theme multi-cycle 1221:1231 arg1 compression 1244:1254 multi-cycle mechanical compression 1221:1254 multi-cycle mechanical compression 1221:1254 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 3 45 theme EGC 677:679 arg1 hydrogel 692:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 3 46 theme novel 501:505 arg1 biomaterial 507:517 a novel biomaterial 499:517 a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 499:699 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 8 47 theme invasive 1742:1749 arg1 methods 1751:1757 minimally invasive methods 1732:1757 minimally invasive methods 1732:1757 Feasibility studies demonstrated that the EGC hydrogel could be delivered via minimally invasive methods. 24497431 2 48 theme degeneration 417:428 arg1 stages 403:408 the early stages 393:408 the early stages of IVD degeneration 393:428 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 2 49 theme matrix 361:366 arg1 Destruction 325:335 Destruction 325:335 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) 325:372 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 6 50 theme human 1360:1364 arg1 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 6 50 theme human 1360:1364 arg1 cells 1387:1391 human adipose derived stem cells 1360:1391 human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1360:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 6 51 theme derived 1374:1380 arg1 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 6 51 theme derived 1374:1380 arg1 cells 1387:1391 human adipose derived stem cells 1360:1391 human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1360:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 2 52 theme IVD 413:415 arg1 degeneration 417:428 IVD degeneration 413:428 IVD degeneration 413:428 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 7 53 dep In 1517:1518 arg1 vivo 1520:1523 vivo 1520:1523 vivo 1520:1523 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 3 54 theme elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen 641:674 arg1 hydrogel 692:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 6 55 theme adipose 1366:1372 arg1 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 hADSCs 1394:1399 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 6 55 theme adipose 1366:1372 arg1 cells 1387:1391 human adipose derived stem cells 1360:1391 human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1360:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 1 56 theme significant 244:254 arg1 role 256:259 a significant role 242:259 a significant role 242:259 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 0 57 theme stabilized 57:66 arg1 hydrogel 126:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel 44:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration 44:167 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 4 58 theme penta-galloyl 998:1010 arg1 fixative 1026:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 5 59 theme original 1173:1180 arg1 dimensions 1182:1191 its original dimensions 1169:1191 its original dimensions 1169:1191 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 3 60 theme NP 590:591 arg1 nature 576:581 the resilient and hydrophilic nature 546:581 the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP 546:591 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 7 61 theme remodeling 1608:1617 arg1 evidence 1589:1596 evidence 1589:1596 evidence of active remodeling 1589:1617 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 7 61 theme remodeling 1608:1617 arg1 infiltration 1572:1583 host cell infiltration 1562:1583 host cell infiltration 1562:1583 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 6 62 dep in 1333:1334 arg1 vitro 1336:1340 vitro 1336:1340 vitro 1336:1340 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 4 63 theme glycosaminoglycan 1076:1092 arg1 enzymes 1104:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes 1076:1110 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 5 64 theme resultant 1117:1125 arg1 material 1127:1134 The resultant material 1113:1134 The resultant material 1113:1134 The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. 24497431 1 65 theme Nucleus 170:176 arg1 pulposus 178:185 Nucleus pulposus 170:185 Nucleus pulposus (NP) 170:190 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 1 65 theme Nucleus 170:176 arg1 tissue 223:228 a resilient and hydrophilic tissue 195:228 a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) 195:322 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 1 65 theme Nucleus 170:176 arg1 NP 188:189 NP 188:189 NP 188:189 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 24497431 7 66 theme implantation 1640:1651 arg1 weeks 1631:1635 4 weeks 1629:1635 4 weeks of implantation 1629:1651 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 2 67 theme extracellular 347:359 arg1 matrix 361:366 the NP extracellular matrix 340:366 the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) 340:372 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 2 67 theme extracellular 347:359 arg1 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 7 68 theme host 1562:1565 arg1 infiltration 1572:1583 host cell infiltration 1562:1583 host cell infiltration 1562:1583 In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. 24497431 3 69 theme composite 682:690 arg1 hydrogel 692:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 3 70 theme stabilized 630:639 arg1 hydrogel 692:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 617:699 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 2 71 theme NP 344:345 arg1 matrix 361:366 the NP extracellular matrix 340:366 the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) 340:372 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 2 71 theme NP 344:345 arg1 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. 24497431 0 72 theme composite 103:111 arg1 hydrogel 126:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel 44:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration 44:167 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 3 73 theme hydrogel 692:699 arg1 construction 601:612 the construction 597:612 the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel 597:699 Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. 24497431 6 74 theme in 1333:1334 arg1 studies 1342:1348 Preliminary in vitro studies 1321:1348 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1321:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 0 75 theme elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen 68:101 arg1 hydrogel 126:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel 44:133 a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration 44:167 Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 24497431 6 76 theme Preliminary 1321:1331 arg1 studies 1342:1348 Preliminary in vitro studies 1321:1348 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) 1321:1400 Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. 24497431 4 77 theme glucose-based 1012:1024 arg1 fixative 1026:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative 998:1033 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 4 78 dep resilient 730:738 arg1 hydrophilic 741:751 hydrophilic 741:751 hydrophilic 741:751 Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. 24497431 1 79 theme biomechanical 268:280 arg1 function 282:289 the biomechanical function 264:289 the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) 264:322 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 26083846 9 0 theme % 1212:1212 arg1 group 1224:1228 the 40% SF-60% CS group 1206:1228 the 40% SF-60% CS group 1206:1228 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 12 1 theme % 1582:1582 arg1 material 1604:1611 a good material 1597:1611 a good material for bone tissue engineering 1597:1639 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 12 1 theme % 1582:1582 arg1 CS 1591:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 3 2 theme different 440:448 arg1 ratios 460:465 different component ratios 440:465 different component ratios 440:465 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 10 3 theme MG-63 1405:1409 arg1 cells 1411:1415 MG-63 cells 1405:1415 MG-63 cells 1405:1415 This favors the early adhesion, growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells. 26083846 0 4 theme Cytology 74:81 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 0:82 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 6 5 theme mixture 862:868 arg1 structure 835:843 the internal structure 822:843 the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture 822:868 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 12 6 theme tissue 1622:1627 arg1 engineering 1629:1639 bone tissue engineering 1617:1639 bone tissue engineering 1617:1639 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 3 7 theme component 450:458 arg1 ratios 460:465 different component ratios 440:465 different component ratios 440:465 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 11 8 dep biocompatibility 1438:1453 arg1 addition 1421:1428 addition 1421:1428 addition 1421:1428 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 4 9 theme osteoblast 522:531 arg1 growth 533:538 osteoblast growth 522:538 osteoblast growth 522:538 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 8 10 theme pore 1106:1109 arg1 size 1111:1114 the pore size 1102:1114 the pore size 1102:1114 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 6 11 theme CS 859:860 arg1 mixture 862:868 CS mixture 859:868 CS mixture 859:868 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 12 12 theme bone 1617:1620 arg1 engineering 1629:1639 bone tissue engineering 1617:1639 bone tissue engineering 1617:1639 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 12 13 theme 40 1580:1581 arg1 % 1582:1582 % 1582:1582 % 1582:1582 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 9 14 theme % 1219:1219 arg1 group 1224:1228 the 40% SF-60% CS group 1206:1228 the 40% SF-60% CS group 1206:1228 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 5 15 theme chemical 678:685 arg1 crosslinking 687:698 chemical crosslinking 678:698 chemical crosslinking 678:698 First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. 26083846 9 16 theme CS 1221:1222 arg1 group 1224:1228 the 40% SF-60% CS group 1206:1228 the 40% SF-60% CS group 1206:1228 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 4 17 theme defects 640:646 arg1 reconstruction 617:630 the future reconstruction 606:630 the future reconstruction of bone defects 606:646 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 6 18 theme SF 852:853 arg1 structure 835:843 the internal structure 822:843 the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture 822:868 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 3 19 theme microscopic 361:371 arg1 structure 373:381 microscopic structure 361:381 microscopic structure 361:381 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 11 20 theme materials 1548:1556 arg1 secretion 1514:1522 the secretion 1510:1522 the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts 1510:1571 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 5 21 theme different 731:739 arg1 ratios 751:756 different component ratios 731:756 different component ratios 731:756 First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. 26083846 10 22 theme early 1361:1365 arg1 adhesion 1367:1374 the early adhesion 1357:1374 the early adhesion 1357:1374 This favors the early adhesion, growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells. 26083846 6 23 theme mutual 905:910 arg1 modification 912:923 the mutual modification 901:923 the mutual modification between the two components 901:950 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 6 23 theme mutual 905:910 arg1 complete 956:963 complete 956:963 complete 956:963 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 9 24 theme degradation 1321:1331 arg1 steady 1337:1342 steady 1337:1342 steady 1337:1342 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 9 24 theme degradation 1321:1331 arg1 rate 1313:1316 the rate 1309:1316 the rate of degradation 1309:1331 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 4 25 theme experimental 583:594 arg1 basis 596:600 an experimental basis 580:600 an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects 580:646 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 3 26 with scaffolds 425:433 arg1 ratios 460:465 different component ratios 440:465 different component ratios 440:465 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 1 27 theme Bone 84:87 arg1 tool 122:125 a powerful tool 111:125 a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors 111:201 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 1 27 theme Bone 84:87 arg1 engineering 96:106 Bone tissue engineering 84:106 Bone tissue engineering 84:106 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 8 28 theme cell 1182:1185 arg1 proliferation 1187:1199 in vitro cell proliferation 1173:1199 in vitro cell proliferation 1173:1199 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 8 29 theme swelling 1117:1124 arg1 ratio 1126:1130 swelling ratio 1117:1130 swelling ratio 1117:1130 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 9 30 theme pore 1235:1238 arg1 suitable 1265:1272 suitable 1265:1272 suitable 1265:1272 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 9 30 theme pore 1235:1238 arg1 size 1240:1243 the pore size 1231:1243 the pore size of the scaffold 1231:1259 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 8 31 theme in 1173:1174 arg1 proliferation 1187:1199 in vitro cell proliferation 1173:1199 in vitro cell proliferation 1173:1199 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 7 32 theme material 1017:1024 arg1 structure 990:998 The internal structure 977:998 The internal structure of the composite material 977:1024 The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. 26083846 7 32 theme material 1017:1024 arg1 porous 1030:1035 porous 1030:1035 porous 1030:1035 The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. 26083846 1 33 theme tissue 89:94 arg1 tool 122:125 a powerful tool 111:125 a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors 111:201 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 1 33 theme tissue 89:94 arg1 engineering 96:106 Bone tissue engineering 84:106 Bone tissue engineering 84:106 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 4 34 theme future 610:615 arg1 reconstruction 617:630 the future reconstruction 606:630 the future reconstruction of bone defects 606:646 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 0 35 theme Fibroin/Chitosan 25:40 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 3 36 dep structure 373:381 arg1 the 357:359 the 357:359 the 357:359 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 8 37 dep in 1173:1174 arg1 vitro 1176:1180 vitro 1176:1180 vitro 1176:1180 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 0 38 theme Silk 20:23 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 11 39 theme satisfactory 1459:1470 arg1 affinity 1477:1484 satisfactory cell affinity 1459:1484 satisfactory cell affinity 1459:1484 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 0 40 dep In 65:66 arg1 Vitro 68:72 Vitro 68:72 Vitro 68:72 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 4 41 theme bone 635:638 arg1 defects 640:646 bone defects 635:646 bone defects 635:646 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 0 42 theme Porous 45:50 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 4 43 theme suitable 509:516 arg1 material 495:502 The scaffold material 482:502 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth 482:538 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 7 44 theme composite 1007:1015 arg1 material 1017:1024 the composite material 1003:1024 the composite material 1003:1024 The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. 26083846 6 45 theme internal 826:833 arg1 structure 835:843 the internal structure 822:843 the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture 822:868 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 2 46 theme silk 209:212 arg1 SF 223:224 SF 223:224 SF 223:224 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 2 46 theme silk 209:212 arg1 fibroin 214:220 silk fibroin 209:220 silk fibroin (SF) 209:225 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 0 47 theme 3D 42:43 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold 20:59 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 9 48 theme scaffold 1252:1259 arg1 suitable 1265:1272 suitable 1265:1272 suitable 1265:1272 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 9 48 theme scaffold 1252:1259 arg1 size 1240:1243 the pore size 1231:1243 the pore size of the scaffold 1231:1259 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 5 49 theme component 741:749 arg1 ratios 751:756 different component ratios 731:756 different component ratios 731:756 First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. 26083846 8 50 theme water 1133:1137 arg1 ratio 1150:1154 water absorption ratio 1133:1154 water absorption ratio 1133:1154 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 1 51 theme other 189:193 arg1 factors 195:201 other factors 189:201 other factors 189:201 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 6 52 from Changes 811:817 arg1 structure 835:843 the internal structure 822:843 the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture 822:868 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 7 53 with porous 1030:1035 arg1 porosity 1066:1073 a porosity 1064:1073 a porosity above 90% 1064:1083 The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. 26083846 5 54 theme SF/CS 709:713 arg1 composites 715:724 SF/CS composites 709:724 SF/CS composites with different component ratios 709:756 First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. 26083846 3 55 theme scaffolds 425:433 arg1 structure 373:381 microscopic structure 361:381 microscopic structure 361:381 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 3 55 theme scaffolds 425:433 arg1 properties 395:404 related properties 387:404 related properties 387:404 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 0 56 theme Scaffold 52:59 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 0:82 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 4 57 theme scaffold 486:493 arg1 material 495:502 The scaffold material 482:502 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth 482:538 The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. 26083846 9 58 theme 40 1210:1211 arg1 % 1212:1212 % 1212:1212 % 1212:1212 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 11 59 theme extracellular 1527:1539 arg1 materials 1548:1556 extracellular matrix materials 1527:1556 extracellular matrix materials 1527:1556 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 1 60 theme bone 136:139 arg1 defects 141:147 bone defects 136:147 bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors 136:201 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 8 61 theme absorption 1139:1148 arg1 ratio 1150:1154 water absorption ratio 1133:1154 water absorption ratio 1133:1154 We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. 26083846 1 62 theme powerful 113:120 arg1 tool 122:125 a powerful tool 111:125 a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors 111:201 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 1 62 theme powerful 113:120 arg1 engineering 96:106 Bone tissue engineering 84:106 Bone tissue engineering 84:106 Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. 26083846 12 63 theme % 1589:1589 arg1 material 1604:1611 a good material 1597:1611 a good material for bone tissue engineering 1597:1639 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 12 63 theme % 1589:1589 arg1 CS 1591:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 11 64 theme good 1433:1436 arg1 biocompatibility 1438:1453 good biocompatibility 1433:1453 good biocompatibility 1433:1453 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 7 65 theme internal 981:988 arg1 structure 990:998 The internal structure 977:998 The internal structure of the composite material 977:1024 The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. 26083846 7 65 theme internal 981:988 arg1 porous 1030:1035 porous 1030:1035 porous 1030:1035 The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. 26083846 12 66 theme good 1599:1602 arg1 material 1604:1611 a good material 1597:1611 a good material for bone tissue engineering 1597:1639 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 12 66 theme good 1599:1602 arg1 CS 1591:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 5 67 with composites 715:724 arg1 ratios 751:756 different component ratios 731:756 different component ratios 731:756 First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. 26083846 11 68 theme cell 1472:1475 arg1 affinity 1477:1484 satisfactory cell affinity 1459:1484 satisfactory cell affinity 1459:1484 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 2 69 theme good 268:271 arg1 biocompatibility 273:288 good biocompatibility 268:288 good biocompatibility 268:288 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 12 70 theme SF-60 1584:1588 arg1 material 1604:1611 a good material 1597:1611 a good material for bone tissue engineering 1597:1639 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 12 70 theme SF-60 1584:1588 arg1 CS 1591:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 40% SF-60% CS 1580:1592 Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering. 26083846 3 71 theme composite 415:423 arg1 scaffolds 425:433 SF/CS composite scaffolds 409:433 SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios 409:465 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 11 72 theme matrix 1541:1546 arg1 materials 1548:1556 extracellular matrix materials 1527:1556 extracellular matrix materials 1527:1556 In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. 26083846 3 73 theme SF/CS 409:413 arg1 scaffolds 425:433 SF/CS composite scaffolds 409:433 SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios 409:465 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 3 74 theme related 387:393 arg1 properties 395:404 related properties 387:404 related properties 387:404 In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. 26083846 2 75 theme biological 304:313 arg1 scaffolds 315:323 poor biological scaffolds 299:323 poor biological scaffolds 299:323 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 9 76 theme SF-60 1214:1218 arg1 % 1219:1219 % 1219:1219 % 1219:1219 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 10 77 theme cells 1411:1415 arg1 proliferation 1388:1400 proliferation 1388:1400 proliferation 1388:1400 This favors the early adhesion, growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells. 26083846 10 77 theme cells 1411:1415 arg1 growth 1377:1382 growth 1377:1382 growth 1377:1382 This favors the early adhesion, growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells. 26083846 10 77 theme cells 1411:1415 arg1 adhesion 1367:1374 the early adhesion 1357:1374 the early adhesion 1357:1374 This favors the early adhesion, growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells. 26083846 0 78 theme In 65:66 arg1 Cytology 74:81 In Vitro Cytology 65:81 In Vitro Cytology 65:81 Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan 3D Porous Scaffold and In Vitro Cytology. 26083846 2 79 contain have 263:266 arg1 SF 223:224 SF 223:224 SF 223:224 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 2 79 contain have 263:266 arg1 fibroin 214:220 silk fibroin 209:220 silk fibroin (SF) 209:225 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 2 79 contain have 263:266 arg2 biocompatibility 273:288 good biocompatibility 268:288 good biocompatibility 268:288 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 6 80 dep SF 852:853 arg1 the 848:850 the 848:850 the 848:850 Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. 26083846 2 81 theme poor 299:302 arg1 scaffolds 315:323 poor biological scaffolds 299:323 poor biological scaffolds 299:323 Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. 26083846 9 82 theme osteoblasts 1292:1302 arg1 growth 1282:1287 the growth 1278:1287 the growth of osteoblasts 1278:1302 For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. 26083846 5 83 dep freeze-drying 660:672 arg1 methods 700:706 methods 700:706 methods 700:706 First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. 24721092 0 0 theme principal 82:90 arg1 analysis 102:109 principal component analysis 82:109 principal component analysis 82:109 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 3 1 theme fructan 680:686 arg1 precipitation 688:700 fructan precipitation 680:700 fructan precipitation 680:700 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 4 2 theme least 856:860 arg1 method 869:874 least square method 856:874 least square method 856:874 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 6 3 theme 8.56 1084:1087 arg1 conditions 980:989 The optimum conditions 968:989 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol 968:1048 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 3 theme 8.56 1084:1087 arg1 temperature 1090:1100 temperature 1090:1100 temperature of 23.51°C 1090:1111 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 3 theme 8.56 1084:1087 arg1 concentration 1131:1143 initial syrup concentration 1117:1143 initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation 1117:1166 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 3 theme 8.56 1084:1087 arg1 ratio 1075:1079 E/S ratio 1071:1079 E/S ratio of 8.56 1071:1087 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 0 4 theme Eremurus 17:24 arg1 fructans 38:45 Eremurus spectabilis fructans 17:45 Eremurus spectabilis fructans 17:45 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 1 5 theme functional 236:245 arg1 foods 247:251 functional foods 236:251 functional foods 236:251 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 7 6 theme component 1308:1316 arg1 PCA 1328:1330 PCA 1328:1330 PCA 1328:1330 In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) allowed discriminating among precipitated fructan specialties. 24721092 7 6 theme component 1308:1316 arg1 analysis 1318:1325 principal component analysis 1298:1325 principal component analysis (PCA) 1298:1331 In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) allowed discriminating among precipitated fructan specialties. 24721092 4 7 theme linear 741:746 arg1 expressions 762:772 mean, linear and quadratic expressions 735:772 mean, linear and quadratic expressions 735:772 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 6 8 theme syrup 1125:1129 arg1 concentration 1131:1143 initial syrup concentration 1117:1143 initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation 1117:1166 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 0 9 theme component 92:100 arg1 analysis 102:109 principal component analysis 82:109 principal component analysis 82:109 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 4 10 theme square 862:867 arg1 method 869:874 least square method 856:874 least square method 856:874 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 3 11 theme Ethanol-to-syrup 540:555 arg1 2:1-15:1 570:577 2:1-15:1 570:577 2:1-15:1 570:577 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 3 11 theme Ethanol-to-syrup 540:555 arg1 ratio 563:567 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio 540:567 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1) 540:578 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 6 12 theme optimum 972:978 arg1 conditions 980:989 The optimum conditions 968:989 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol 968:1048 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 12 theme optimum 972:978 arg1 ratio 1075:1079 E/S ratio 1071:1079 E/S ratio of 8.56 1071:1087 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 13 theme initial 1117:1123 arg1 concentration 1131:1143 initial syrup concentration 1117:1143 initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation 1117:1166 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 14 theme chain 1243:1247 arg1 12.92 1257:1261 12.92 1257:1261 12.92 1257:1261 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 14 theme chain 1243:1247 arg1 length 1249:1254 average chain length 1235:1254 average chain length (12.92) 1235:1262 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 4 15 theme quadratic 752:760 arg1 expressions 762:772 mean, linear and quadratic expressions 735:772 mean, linear and quadratic expressions 735:772 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 3 16 theme precipitation 688:700 arg1 variables 667:675 variables 667:675 variables of fructan precipitation 667:700 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 4 17 theme regression 810:819 arg1 coefficients 821:832 the regression coefficients 806:832 the regression coefficients 806:832 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 6 18 theme Precipitation 1154:1166 arg1 conditions 980:989 The optimum conditions 968:989 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol 968:1048 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 18 theme Precipitation 1154:1166 arg1 temperature 1090:1100 temperature 1090:1100 temperature of 23.51°C 1090:1111 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 18 theme Precipitation 1154:1166 arg1 concentration 1131:1143 initial syrup concentration 1117:1143 initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation 1117:1166 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 18 theme Precipitation 1154:1166 arg1 ratio 1075:1079 E/S ratio 1071:1079 E/S ratio of 8.56 1071:1087 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 19 theme E/S 1071:1073 arg1 conditions 980:989 The optimum conditions 968:989 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol 968:1048 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 19 theme E/S 1071:1073 arg1 ratio 1075:1079 E/S ratio 1071:1079 E/S ratio of 8.56 1071:1087 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 2 20 theme Eremurus 451:458 arg1 Serish 485:490 Serish 485:490 Serish 485:490 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 2 20 theme Eremurus 451:458 arg1 powder 477:482 Eremurus spectabilis root powder 451:482 Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) 451:491 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 2 21 from powder 477:482 arg1 precipitation 432:444 fructan precipitation 424:444 fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) 424:491 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 5 22 theme experimental 916:927 arg1 data 929:932 the experimental data 912:932 the experimental data 912:932 There was a good agreement between the experimental data and their predicted counterparts. 24721092 1 23 theme many 171:174 arg1 applications 200:211 many food and pharmaceutical applications 171:211 many food and pharmaceutical applications 171:211 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 4 24 theme compatible 712:721 arg1 model 723:727 The most compatible model 703:727 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions 703:772 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 1 25 theme food 176:179 arg1 applications 200:211 many food and pharmaceutical applications 171:211 many food and pharmaceutical applications 171:211 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 0 26 theme spectabilis 26:36 arg1 fructans 38:45 Eremurus spectabilis fructans 17:45 Eremurus spectabilis fructans 17:45 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 7 27 theme precipitated 1362:1373 arg1 specialties 1383:1393 precipitated fructan specialties 1362:1393 precipitated fructan specialties 1362:1393 In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) allowed discriminating among precipitated fructan specialties. 24721092 4 28 theme mean 735:738 arg1 expressions 762:772 mean, linear and quadratic expressions 735:772 mean, linear and quadratic expressions 735:772 The most compatible model among mean, linear and quadratic expressions was fitted to each response and the regression coefficients were determined using least square method. 24721092 2 29 theme fructan 424:430 arg1 precipitation 432:444 fructan precipitation 424:444 fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) 424:491 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 6 30 theme optimized 1180:1188 arg1 conditions 1190:1199 these optimized conditions 1174:1199 these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%) 1174:1282 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 7 31 theme fructan 1375:1381 arg1 specialties 1383:1393 precipitated fructan specialties 1362:1393 precipitated fructan specialties 1362:1393 In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) allowed discriminating among precipitated fructan specialties. 24721092 3 32 theme syrup 621:625 arg1 10-40°B 642:648 10-40°B 642:648 10-40°B 642:648 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 3 32 theme syrup 621:625 arg1 concentration 627:639 syrup concentration 621:639 syrup concentration (10-40°B) 621:649 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 3 33 theme E/S 558:560 arg1 2:1-15:1 570:577 2:1-15:1 570:577 2:1-15:1 570:577 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 3 33 theme E/S 558:560 arg1 ratio 563:567 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio 540:567 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1) 540:578 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 1 34 theme pharmaceutical 185:198 arg1 applications 200:211 many food and pharmaceutical applications 171:211 many food and pharmaceutical applications 171:211 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 1 35 theme nutritional 284:294 arg1 properties 318:327 their nutritional and techno-functional properties 278:327 their nutritional and techno-functional properties 278:327 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 2 36 theme optimal 401:407 arg1 conditions 409:418 the optimal conditions 397:418 the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) 397:491 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 0 37 theme fructans 38:45 arg1 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 0:110 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 2 38 theme maximum 525:531 arg1 yield 533:537 the maximum yield 521:537 the maximum yield 521:537 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 2 39 theme root 472:475 arg1 Serish 485:490 Serish 485:490 Serish 485:490 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 2 39 theme root 472:475 arg1 powder 477:482 Eremurus spectabilis root powder 451:482 Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) 451:491 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 1 40 theme techno-functional 300:316 arg1 properties 318:327 their nutritional and techno-functional properties 278:327 their nutritional and techno-functional properties 278:327 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 5 41 theme good 889:892 arg1 agreement 894:902 a good agreement 887:902 a good agreement between the experimental data and their predicted counterparts 887:965 There was a good agreement between the experimental data and their predicted counterparts. 24721092 2 42 theme spectabilis 460:470 arg1 Serish 485:490 Serish 485:490 Serish 485:490 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 2 42 theme spectabilis 460:470 arg1 powder 477:482 Eremurus spectabilis root powder 451:482 Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) 451:491 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 6 43 theme average 1235:1241 arg1 12.92 1257:1261 12.92 1257:1261 12.92 1257:1261 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 43 theme average 1235:1241 arg1 length 1249:1254 average chain length 1235:1254 average chain length (12.92) 1235:1262 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 2 44 theme present 337:343 arg1 study 345:349 the present study 333:349 the present study 333:349 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 1 45 used used 228:231 arg2 fructans 116:123 The fructans 112:123 The fructans 112:123 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 1 45 used used 228:231 arg2 oligofructose 137:149 oligofructose 137:149 oligofructose 137:149 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 1 45 used used 228:231 arg2 inulin 126:131 inulin 126:131 inulin 126:131 The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, are known to exert many food and pharmaceutical applications and are widely used in functional foods throughout the world for their nutritional and techno-functional properties. 24721092 6 46 theme best 1214:1217 arg1 yield 1219:1223 the best yield 1210:1223 the best yield (85.81%) 1210:1232 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 46 theme best 1214:1217 arg1 % 1231:1231 85.81% 1226:1231 85.81% 1226:1231 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 47 theme 23.51°C 1105:1111 arg1 conditions 980:989 The optimum conditions 968:989 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol 968:1048 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 47 theme 23.51°C 1105:1111 arg1 temperature 1090:1100 temperature 1090:1100 temperature of 23.51°C 1090:1111 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 47 theme 23.51°C 1105:1111 arg1 concentration 1131:1143 initial syrup concentration 1117:1143 initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation 1117:1166 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 47 theme 23.51°C 1105:1111 arg1 ratio 1075:1079 E/S ratio 1071:1079 E/S ratio of 8.56 1071:1087 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 6 48 theme Serish 1032:1037 arg1 composition 1017:1027 fructan composition 1009:1027 fructan composition of Serish 1009:1037 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 5 49 theme predicted 944:952 arg1 counterparts 954:965 their predicted counterparts 938:965 their predicted counterparts 938:965 There was a good agreement between the experimental data and their predicted counterparts. 24721092 3 50 theme precipitation 581:593 arg1 temperature 595:605 precipitation temperature 581:605 precipitation temperature (30-60°C) 581:615 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 3 50 theme precipitation 581:593 arg1 30-60°C 608:614 30-60°C 608:614 30-60°C 608:614 Ethanol-to-syrup (E/S) ratio (2:1-15:1), precipitation temperature (30-60°C) and syrup concentration (10-40°B) were considered variables of fructan precipitation. 24721092 2 51 used used 379:382 arg2 design 368:373 the Box-Behnken design 352:373 the Box-Behnken design 352:373 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 6 52 theme 40°B. 1148:1152 arg1 Precipitation 1154:1166 40°B. Precipitation 1148:1166 40°B. Precipitation 1148:1166 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 24721092 0 53 theme Box-Behnken 59:69 arg1 design 71:76 Box-Behnken design 59:76 Box-Behnken design 59:76 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 7 54 theme principal 1298:1306 arg1 PCA 1328:1330 PCA 1328:1330 PCA 1328:1330 In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) allowed discriminating among precipitated fructan specialties. 24721092 7 54 theme principal 1298:1306 arg1 analysis 1318:1325 principal component analysis 1298:1325 principal component analysis (PCA) 1298:1331 In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) allowed discriminating among precipitated fructan specialties. 24721092 0 55 dep Fractionation 0:12 arg1 analysis 102:109 principal component analysis 82:109 principal component analysis 82:109 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 0 55 dep Fractionation 0:12 arg1 design 71:76 Box-Behnken design 59:76 Box-Behnken design 59:76 Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. 24721092 2 56 theme Box-Behnken 356:366 arg1 design 368:373 the Box-Behnken design 352:373 the Box-Behnken design 352:373 In the present study, the Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for fructan precipitation from Eremurus spectabilis root powder (Serish) by adding ethanol that gave the maximum yield. 24721092 6 57 theme fructan 1009:1015 arg1 composition 1017:1027 fructan composition 1009:1027 fructan composition of Serish 1009:1037 The optimum conditions for fractionating fructan composition of Serish by ethanol were estimated to be E/S ratio of 8.56, temperature of 23.51°C and initial syrup concentration of 40°B. Precipitation under these optimized conditions achieved the best yield (85.81%), average chain length (12.92) and purity (80.18%). 28629002 11 0 theme cytotoxicity 1433:1444 arg1 studies 1422:1428 Preliminary studies 1410:1428 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity 1410:1444 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity were carried out in vitro by implementation of the hFB cells on the scaffolds. 28629002 9 1 theme HEC 1295:1297 arg1 oxidation 1282:1290 the oxidation 1278:1290 the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives 1278:1326 ATR-FTIR curve showed new existing peak, which implies the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives. 28629002 3 2 from step 616:619 arg1 water 624:628 water 624:628 water 624:628 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 2 3 theme cellulose 335:343 arg1 AgNPs 373:377 AgNPs 373:377 AgNPs 373:377 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 3 theme cellulose 335:343 arg1 nanoparticles 358:370 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles 322:370 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 322:378 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 1 4 theme potent 198:203 arg1 candidates 205:214 the potent candidates 194:214 the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes 194:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 12 5 theme tissue 1636:1641 arg1 applications 1655:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 12 6 from characteristic 1613:1626 arg1 applications 1655:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 5 7 theme significant 800:810 arg1 porosity 812:819 significant porosity 800:819 significant porosity of >80% 800:827 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 8 8 theme Ag 1130:1131 arg1 peaks 1121:1125 The characteristic peaks 1102:1125 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) 1102:1165 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 8 9 theme AgNPs 1193:1197 arg1 formation 1180:1188 the formation 1176:1188 the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite 1176:1220 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 2 10 theme study 274:278 arg1 objective 256:264 The objective 252:264 The objective of this study 252:278 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 6 11 theme HEC/AgNPs 945:953 arg1 scaffolds 932:940 These scaffolds 926:940 These scaffolds of HEC/AgNPs 926:953 These scaffolds of HEC/AgNPs were further characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, TGA, and DSC. 28629002 0 12 theme scaffolds 72:80 arg1 method 19:24 A facile synthesis method 0:24 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 0:122 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 5 13 theme moderate 830:837 arg1 rate 851:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 12 14 theme scaffolds 1577:1585 arg1 toxicity 1555:1562 low toxicity 1551:1562 low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds 1551:1585 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 11 15 theme Preliminary 1410:1420 arg1 studies 1422:1428 Preliminary studies 1410:1428 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity 1410:1444 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity were carried out in vitro by implementation of the hFB cells on the scaffolds. 28629002 0 16 theme skin 86:89 arg1 applications 110:121 skin tissue engineering applications 86:121 skin tissue engineering applications 86:121 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 3 17 dep formed 558:563 arg1 dissolved 594:602 dissolved 594:602 were dissolved in a single step in water 589:628 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 0 18 theme engineering 98:108 arg1 applications 110:121 skin tissue engineering applications 86:121 skin tissue engineering applications 86:121 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 8 19 from formation 1180:1188 arg1 composite 1212:1220 the blend composite 1202:1220 the blend composite 1202:1220 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 12 20 theme low 1551:1553 arg1 toxicity 1555:1562 low toxicity 1551:1562 low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds 1551:1585 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 2 21 theme green 397:401 arg1 method 413:418 the green synthesis method 393:418 the green synthesis method 393:418 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 7 22 theme 50-150μm 1092:1099 arg1 range 1083:1087 the range 1079:1087 the range of 50-150μm 1079:1099 All scaffolds possessed open interconnected pore size in the range of 50-150μm. 28629002 0 23 theme hydroxyethyl 29:40 arg1 scaffolds 72:80 hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds 29:80 hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds 29:80 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 3 24 dep contained 500:508 arg1 % 550:550 0.4%-1.6% 542:550 0.4%-1.6% 542:550 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 6 25 dep UV-Vis 990:995 arg1 ATR-FTIR 998:1005 ATR-FTIR 998:1005 ATR-FTIR 998:1005 These scaffolds of HEC/AgNPs were further characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, TGA, and DSC. 28629002 5 26 theme water 881:885 arg1 absorption 887:896 water absorption 881:896 water absorption 881:896 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 2 27 theme host 435:438 arg1 material 440:447 a potential host material 423:447 a potential host material for skin tissue applications 423:476 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 27 theme host 435:438 arg1 biocompatibility 302:317 the biocompatibility 298:317 the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method 298:418 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 10 28 theme increased 1379:1387 arg1 concentration 1395:1407 increased AgNO3 concentration 1379:1407 increased AgNO3 concentration 1379:1407 The DSC thermogram showed augmentation in Tg with increased AgNO3 concentration. 28629002 0 29 theme synthesis 9:17 arg1 method 19:24 A facile synthesis method 0:24 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 0:122 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 1 30 theme Green 124:128 arg1 one 187:189 one 187:189 one 187:189 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 30 theme Green 124:128 arg1 scaffolds 153:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 30 theme Green 124:128 arg1 candidates 205:214 the potent candidates 194:214 the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes 194:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 4 31 theme freeze-drying 752:764 arg1 technique 766:774 freeze-drying technique 752:774 freeze-drying technique 752:774 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 7 32 theme pore 1066:1069 arg1 size 1071:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 All scaffolds possessed open interconnected pore size in the range of 50-150μm. 28629002 9 33 theme new 1245:1247 arg1 peak 1258:1261 new existing peak 1245:1261 new existing peak 1245:1261 ATR-FTIR curve showed new existing peak, which implies the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives. 28629002 2 34 theme tissue 458:463 arg1 applications 465:476 skin tissue applications 453:476 skin tissue applications 453:476 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 5 35 dep porosity 812:819 arg1 % 908:908 up to 1163% 898:908 up to 1163% in all samples 898:923 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 2 36 theme nanoparticles 358:370 arg1 material 440:447 a potential host material 423:447 a potential host material for skin tissue applications 423:476 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 36 theme nanoparticles 358:370 arg1 biocompatibility 302:317 the biocompatibility 298:317 the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method 298:418 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 0 37 theme cellulose-silver 42:57 arg1 scaffolds 72:80 hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds 29:80 hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds 29:80 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 9 38 from oxidation 1282:1290 arg1 derivatives 1316:1326 the cellulose derivatives 1302:1326 the cellulose derivatives 1302:1326 ATR-FTIR curve showed new existing peak, which implies the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives. 28629002 11 39 dep carried 1451:1457 arg1 out 1459:1461 out 1459:1461 out 1459:1461 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity were carried out in vitro by implementation of the hFB cells on the scaffolds. 28629002 11 40 theme cells 1501:1505 arg1 implementation 1475:1488 implementation 1475:1488 implementation of the hFB cells 1475:1505 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity were carried out in vitro by implementation of the hFB cells on the scaffolds. 28629002 3 41 theme varied 510:515 arg1 concentrations 517:530 varied concentrations 510:530 varied concentrations of AgNO3 510:539 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 7 42 contain possessed 1036:1044 arg2 size 1071:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 All scaffolds possessed open interconnected pore size in the range of 50-150μm. 28629002 7 42 contain possessed 1036:1044 arg1 scaffolds 1026:1034 All scaffolds 1022:1034 All scaffolds 1022:1034 All scaffolds possessed open interconnected pore size in the range of 50-150μm. 28629002 3 43 theme % 545:545 arg1 % 550:550 0.4%-1.6% 542:550 0.4%-1.6% 542:550 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 9 44 theme cellulose 1306:1314 arg1 derivatives 1316:1326 the cellulose derivatives 1302:1326 the cellulose derivatives 1302:1326 ATR-FTIR curve showed new existing peak, which implies the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives. 28629002 7 45 theme open 1046:1049 arg1 size 1071:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 All scaffolds possessed open interconnected pore size in the range of 50-150μm. 28629002 8 46 from peaks 1121:1125 arg1 417-421nm 1156:1164 417-421nm 1156:1164 417-421nm 1156:1164 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 8 46 from peaks 1121:1125 arg1 spectra 1147:1153 the UV-Vis spectra 1136:1153 the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) 1136:1165 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 12 47 theme skin 1631:1634 arg1 applications 1655:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 12 48 theme engineering 1643:1653 arg1 applications 1655:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 skin tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 8 49 theme UV-Vis 1140:1145 arg1 417-421nm 1156:1164 417-421nm 1156:1164 417-421nm 1156:1164 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 8 49 theme UV-Vis 1140:1145 arg1 spectra 1147:1153 the UV-Vis spectra 1136:1153 the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) 1136:1165 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 2 50 theme hydroxyethyl 322:333 arg1 HEC 346:348 HEC 346:348 HEC 346:348 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 50 theme hydroxyethyl 322:333 arg1 cellulose 335:343 hydroxyethyl cellulose 322:343 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 322:378 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 1 51 theme candidates 205:214 arg1 one 187:189 one 187:189 one 187:189 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 51 theme candidates 205:214 arg1 scaffolds 153:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 51 theme candidates 205:214 arg1 candidates 205:214 the potent candidates 194:214 the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes 194:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 8 52 theme blend 1206:1210 arg1 composite 1212:1220 the blend composite 1202:1220 the blend composite 1202:1220 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 5 53 theme % 827:827 arg1 rate 851:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 5 53 theme % 827:827 arg1 porosity 812:819 significant porosity 800:819 significant porosity of >80% 800:827 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 5 53 theme % 827:827 arg1 value 872:876 tremendous value 861:876 tremendous value of water absorption 861:896 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 1 54 theme tissue 220:225 arg1 engineering 227:237 tissue engineering 220:237 tissue engineering substitutes 220:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 8 55 theme characteristic 1106:1119 arg1 peaks 1121:1125 The characteristic peaks 1102:1125 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) 1102:1165 The characteristic peaks of Ag in the UV-Vis spectra (417-421nm) revealed the formation of AgNPs in the blend composite. 28629002 1 56 theme porous 130:135 arg1 one 187:189 one 187:189 one 187:189 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 56 theme porous 130:135 arg1 scaffolds 153:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 56 theme porous 130:135 arg1 candidates 205:214 the potent candidates 194:214 the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes 194:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 57 theme ecofriendly 141:151 arg1 one 187:189 one 187:189 one 187:189 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 57 theme ecofriendly 141:151 arg1 scaffolds 153:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds 124:161 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 1 57 theme ecofriendly 141:151 arg1 candidates 205:214 the potent candidates 194:214 the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes 194:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 5 58 dep 1163 904:907 arg1 to 901:902 to 901:902 to 901:902 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 3 59 theme HEC 584:586 arg1 presence 572:579 the presence 568:579 the presence of HEC 568:586 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 12 60 theme ideal 1607:1611 arg1 characteristic 1613:1626 an ideal characteristic 1604:1626 an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications 1604:1666 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 0 61 theme tissue 91:96 arg1 applications 110:121 skin tissue engineering applications 86:121 skin tissue engineering applications 86:121 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 5 62 theme degradation 839:849 arg1 rate 851:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 12 63 theme HEC/AgNPs 1567:1575 arg1 scaffolds 1577:1585 HEC/AgNPs scaffolds 1567:1585 HEC/AgNPs scaffolds 1567:1585 The results substantiated low toxicity of HEC/AgNPs scaffolds, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 4 64 theme AgNPs 647:651 arg1 presence 635:642 The presence 631:642 The presence of AgNPs 631:651 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 4 65 from colorless 704:712 arg1 color 693:697 color 693:697 color from colorless to dark brown 693:726 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 4 65 from colorless 704:712 arg1 change 683:688 the change 679:688 the change of color from colorless to dark brown 679:726 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 5 66 theme tremendous 861:870 arg1 value 872:876 tremendous value 861:876 tremendous value of water absorption 861:896 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 3 67 contain contained 500:508 arg2 concentrations 517:530 varied concentrations 510:530 varied concentrations of AgNO3 510:539 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 3 67 contain contained 500:508 arg1 substrates 483:492 The substrates 479:492 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) 479:551 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 4 68 theme dark 717:720 arg1 brown 722:726 dark brown 717:726 dark brown 717:726 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 0 69 theme facile 2:7 arg1 method 19:24 A facile synthesis method 0:24 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 0:122 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 6 70 theme UV-Vis 990:995 arg1 SEM 985:987 SEM 985:987 SEM 985:987 These scaffolds of HEC/AgNPs were further characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, TGA, and DSC. 28629002 10 71 theme DSC 1333:1335 arg1 thermogram 1337:1346 The DSC thermogram 1329:1346 The DSC thermogram 1329:1346 The DSC thermogram showed augmentation in Tg with increased AgNO3 concentration. 28629002 9 72 theme ATR-FTIR 1223:1230 arg1 curve 1232:1236 ATR-FTIR curve 1223:1236 ATR-FTIR curve 1223:1236 ATR-FTIR curve showed new existing peak, which implies the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives. 28629002 4 73 from change 683:688 arg1 colorless 704:712 colorless 704:712 colorless to dark brown 704:726 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 5 74 theme absorption 887:896 arg1 rate 851:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 moderate degradation rate 830:854 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 5 74 theme absorption 887:896 arg1 porosity 812:819 significant porosity 800:819 significant porosity of >80% 800:827 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 5 74 theme absorption 887:896 arg1 value 872:876 tremendous value 861:876 tremendous value of water absorption 861:896 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 28629002 2 75 theme potential 425:433 arg1 material 440:447 a potential host material 423:447 a potential host material for skin tissue applications 423:476 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 75 theme potential 425:433 arg1 biocompatibility 302:317 the biocompatibility 298:317 the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method 298:418 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 3 76 theme single 609:614 arg1 step 616:619 a single step 607:619 a single step in water 607:628 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 4 77 theme color 693:697 arg1 change 683:688 the change 679:688 the change of color from colorless to dark brown 679:726 The presence of AgNPs was confirmed visually by the change of color from colorless to dark brown, and was fabricated via freeze-drying technique. 28629002 7 78 theme interconnected 1051:1064 arg1 size 1071:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 open interconnected pore size 1046:1074 All scaffolds possessed open interconnected pore size in the range of 50-150μm. 28629002 2 79 theme synthesis 403:411 arg1 method 413:418 the green synthesis method 393:418 the green synthesis method 393:418 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 0 80 theme nanoparticle 59:70 arg1 scaffolds 72:80 hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds 29:80 hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds 29:80 A facile synthesis method of hydroxyethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticle scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. 28629002 9 81 theme existing 1249:1256 arg1 peak 1258:1261 new existing peak 1245:1261 new existing peak 1245:1261 ATR-FTIR curve showed new existing peak, which implies the oxidation of HEC in the cellulose derivatives. 28629002 2 82 theme skin 453:456 arg1 applications 465:476 skin tissue applications 453:476 skin tissue applications 453:476 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 83 theme /silver 350:356 arg1 AgNPs 373:377 AgNPs 373:377 AgNPs 373:377 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 2 83 theme /silver 350:356 arg1 nanoparticles 358:370 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles 322:370 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 322:378 The objective of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), prepared by the green synthesis method as a potential host material for skin tissue applications. 28629002 10 84 theme AgNO3 1389:1393 arg1 concentration 1395:1407 increased AgNO3 concentration 1379:1407 increased AgNO3 concentration 1379:1407 The DSC thermogram showed augmentation in Tg with increased AgNO3 concentration. 28629002 1 85 dep engineering 227:237 arg1 substitutes 239:249 substitutes 239:249 substitutes 239:249 Green porous and ecofriendly scaffolds have been considered as one of the potent candidates for tissue engineering substitutes. 28629002 11 86 theme hFB 1497:1499 arg1 cells 1501:1505 the hFB cells 1493:1505 the hFB cells 1493:1505 Preliminary studies of cytotoxicity were carried out in vitro by implementation of the hFB cells on the scaffolds. 28629002 3 87 theme AgNO3 535:539 arg1 concentrations 517:530 varied concentrations 510:530 varied concentrations of AgNO3 510:539 The substrates which contained varied concentrations of AgNO3 (0.4%-1.6%) were formed in the presence of HEC, were dissolved in a single step in water. 28629002 5 88 from % 908:908 arg1 samples 917:923 all samples 913:923 all samples 913:923 The outcomes exhibited significant porosity of >80%, moderate degradation rate, and tremendous value of water absorption up to 1163% in all samples. 26029958 4 0 theme solid-state 899:909 arg1 techniques 915:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 9 1 theme molecular 2048:2056 arg1 interactions 2058:2069 their molecular interactions 2042:2069 their molecular interactions 2042:2069 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 6 2 theme } 1251:1251 arg1 measurements 1354:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 3 theme crystallization 261:275 arg1 rates 215:219 the rates 211:219 the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization 211:275 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 5 4 from analysis 1059:1066 arg1 particles 1146:1154 low-surface-area particles 1129:1154 low-surface-area particles 1129:1154 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 7 5 theme -phosphonate 1677:1688 arg1 complexes 1690:1698 Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes 1671:1698 Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes 1671:1698 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 6 6 theme Si 1231:1232 arg1 } 1238:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 7 theme silicate 716:723 arg1 particles 725:733 low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles 687:733 low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles 687:733 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 5 8 from detection 1045:1053 arg1 particles 1146:1154 low-surface-area particles 1129:1154 low-surface-area particles 1129:1154 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 6 9 theme C 1245:1245 arg1 } 1251:1251 (13)C{(1)H} 1241:1251 (13)C{(1)H} 1241:1251 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 10 theme sucrose 594:600 arg1 quantities 535:544 dilute quantities 528:544 dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species 528:650 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 6 11 theme distinct 1425:1432 arg1 sites 1476:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 8 12 theme molecules 1753:1761 arg1 types 1736:1740 both types 1731:1740 both types of organic molecules 1731:1761 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 7 13 theme Ca 1671:1672 arg1 complexes 1690:1698 Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes 1671:1698 Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes 1671:1698 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 6 14 theme 2D 1224:1225 arg1 } 1238:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 5 15 theme low-surface-area 1129:1144 arg1 particles 1146:1154 low-surface-area particles 1129:1154 low-surface-area particles 1129:1154 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 2 16 theme molecular-level 301:315 arg1 structures 317:326 the molecular-level structures 297:326 the molecular-level structures 297:326 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 6 17 theme sucrose 1414:1420 arg1 adsorption 1400:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption 1377:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations 1377:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 18 from interactions 1500:1511 arg1 adsorption 1400:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption 1377:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations 1377:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 5 19 dep detection 1045:1053 arg1 the 1041:1043 the 1041:1043 the 1041:1043 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 6 20 theme P 1262:1262 arg1 correlation 1284:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 21 theme phosphonic 628:637 arg1 acid 639:642 industrially important phosphonic acid 605:642 industrially important phosphonic acid 605:642 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 6 22 theme Ca 1526:1527 arg1 cations 1533:1539 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 23 theme silicate 224:231 arg1 dissolution 233:243 silicate dissolution 224:243 silicate dissolution 224:243 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 5 24 theme improved 968:975 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 significantly improved signal sensitivity 954:994 significantly improved signal sensitivity 954:994 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 6 25 theme } 1238:1238 arg1 measurements 1354:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 5 26 theme species 1118:1124 arg1 analysis 1059:1066 analysis 1059:1066 analysis 1059:1066 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 5 26 theme species 1118:1124 arg1 detection 1045:1053 detection 1045:1053 detection 1045:1053 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 6 27 theme electrostatic 1486:1498 arg1 interactions 1500:1511 electrostatic interactions 1486:1511 electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations 1486:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 28 theme organic 143:149 arg1 molecules 151:159 certain organic molecules 135:159 certain organic molecules 135:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 7 29 theme calcium 1641:1647 arg1 sites 1657:1661 cationic calcium surface sites 1632:1661 cationic calcium surface sites 1632:1661 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 5 30 theme signal 977:982 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 significantly improved signal sensitivity 954:994 significantly improved signal sensitivity 954:994 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 6 31 theme } 1315:1315 arg1 rotational-echo 1317:1331 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo 1300:1331 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo 1300:1331 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 32 theme correlation 1284:1294 arg1 measurements 1354:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 33 theme 1D 1300:1301 arg1 C 1314:1314 1D (29)Si{(13)C 1300:1314 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo 1300:1331 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 0 34 theme Silicates 77:85 arg1 Hydration 47:55 the Hydration 43:55 the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates 43:85 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 26029958 8 35 theme dilute 1710:1715 arg1 quantities 1717:1726 dilute quantities 1710:1726 dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules 1710:1761 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 3 36 dep sucrose 594:600 arg1 species 644:650 species 644:650 species 644:650 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 0 37 from Influences 0:9 arg1 Hydration 47:55 the Hydration 43:55 the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates 43:85 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 26029958 6 38 theme } 1268:1268 arg1 correlation 1284:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 2 39 from stages 493:498 arg1 surfaces 475:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces 443:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 443:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 40 theme bulk 420:423 arg1 concentrations 425:438 low absolute bulk concentrations 407:438 low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 407:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 6 41 dep correlation 1284:1294 arg1 1 1265:1265 1 1265:1265 1 1265:1265 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 8 42 theme types 1736:1740 arg1 quantities 1717:1726 dilute quantities 1710:1726 dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules 1710:1761 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 3 43 dep quantities 535:544 arg1 % 551:551 ∼0.1% 547:551 ∼0.1% 547:551 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 2 44 theme early 487:491 arg1 stages 493:498 early stages 487:498 early stages of hydration 487:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 8 45 theme specific 1856:1863 arg1 architectures 1865:1877 their specific architectures 1850:1877 their specific architectures 1850:1877 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 2 46 theme low 407:409 arg1 concentrations 425:438 low absolute bulk concentrations 407:438 low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 407:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 8 47 theme organic 1745:1751 arg1 molecules 1753:1761 organic molecules 1745:1761 organic molecules 1745:1761 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 5 48 theme near-surface 1000:1011 arg1 species 1013:1019 near-surface species 1000:1019 near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles 1000:1154 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 9 49 theme NMR 1975:1977 arg1 techniques 1979:1988 DNP-enhanced NMR techniques 1962:1988 DNP-enhanced NMR techniques 1962:1988 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 4 50 theme distinct 764:771 arg1 interactions 784:795 the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions 742:795 the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species 742:820 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 2 51 theme silicate 457:464 arg1 surfaces 475:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces 443:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 443:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 0 52 theme Dilute 14:19 arg1 Adsorbates 29:38 Dilute Organic Adsorbates 14:38 Dilute Organic Adsorbates 14:38 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 26029958 1 53 theme dilute 114:119 arg1 quantities 121:130 dilute quantities 114:130 dilute quantities of certain organic molecules 114:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 7 54 theme phosphonic 1557:1566 arg1 molecules 1573:1581 phosphonic acid molecules 1557:1581 phosphonic acid molecules 1557:1581 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 6 55 from sites 1476:1480 arg1 adsorption 1400:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption 1377:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations 1377:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 56 theme low-surface-area 687:702 arg1 particles 725:733 low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles 687:733 low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles 687:733 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 0 57 theme Adsorbates 29:38 arg1 Influences 0:9 Influences 0:9 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 0:86 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 26029958 6 58 theme Si 1307:1308 arg1 C 1314:1314 1D (29)Si{(13)C 1300:1314 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo 1300:1331 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 5 59 theme adsorbed 1078:1085 arg1 molecules 1095:1103 dilute adsorbed organic molecules 1071:1103 dilute adsorbed organic molecules 1071:1103 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 9 60 from interactions 2058:2069 arg1 materials 2091:2099 low-surface-area materials 2074:2099 low-surface-area materials 2074:2099 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 6 61 with interactions 1500:1511 arg1 cations 1533:1539 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 4 62 theme nuclear 855:861 arg1 DNP 877:879 DNP 877:879 DNP 877:879 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 4 62 theme nuclear 855:861 arg1 polarization 863:874 dynamic nuclear polarization 847:874 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 3 63 theme dilute 528:533 arg1 quantities 535:544 dilute quantities 528:544 dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species 528:650 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 5 64 theme molecules 1095:1103 arg1 analysis 1059:1066 analysis 1059:1066 analysis 1059:1066 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 5 64 theme molecules 1095:1103 arg1 detection 1045:1053 detection 1045:1053 detection 1045:1053 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 9 65 theme dilute 2012:2017 arg1 molecules 2028:2036 dilute adsorbed molecules 2012:2036 dilute adsorbed molecules 2012:2036 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 4 66 theme species 814:820 arg1 interactions 784:795 the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions 742:795 the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species 742:820 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 6 67 theme hydrogen-bond-mediated 1377:1398 arg1 adsorption 1400:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption 1377:1409 hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations 1377:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 68 theme dissolution 233:243 arg1 rates 215:219 the rates 211:219 the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization 211:275 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 2 69 theme molecules 394:402 arg1 structures 317:326 the molecular-level structures 297:326 the molecular-level structures 297:326 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 69 theme molecules 394:402 arg1 interactions 361:372 site-specific interactions 347:372 site-specific interactions 347:372 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 69 theme molecules 394:402 arg1 compositions 329:340 compositions 329:340 compositions 329:340 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 1 70 theme hydration 246:254 arg1 rates 215:219 the rates 211:219 the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization 211:275 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 2 71 theme adsorbed 377:384 arg1 molecules 394:402 adsorbed organic molecules 377:402 adsorbed organic molecules 377:402 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 6 72 theme double-resonance 1333:1348 arg1 measurements 1354:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 4 73 theme surface-enhanced 882:897 arg1 techniques 915:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 6 74 theme H 1250:1250 arg1 } 1251:1251 (13)C{(1)H} 1241:1251 (13)C{(1)H} 1241:1251 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 75 theme solids 566:571 arg1 weight 556:561 weight 556:561 weight of solids 556:571 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 6 76 theme surface 1468:1474 arg1 sites 1476:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 4 77 theme NMR 911:913 arg1 techniques 915:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 6 78 theme { 1233:1233 arg1 } 1238:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 9 79 theme low-surface-area 2074:2089 arg1 materials 2091:2099 low-surface-area materials 2074:2099 low-surface-area materials 2074:2099 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 6 80 theme hydrated 1450:1457 arg1 sites 1476:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 81 theme silicate 174:181 arg1 surfaces 183:190 silicate surfaces 174:190 silicate surfaces 174:190 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 4 82 theme polarization 863:874 arg1 techniques 915:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 3 83 theme particles 725:733 arg1 hydration 674:682 dramatically the hydration 657:682 dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles 657:733 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 6 84 theme { 1246:1246 arg1 } 1251:1251 (13)C{(1)H} 1241:1251 (13)C{(1)H} 1241:1251 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 85 theme disaccharide 581:592 arg1 sucrose 594:600 the disaccharide sucrose 577:600 the disaccharide sucrose 577:600 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 6 86 theme nonhydrated 1434:1444 arg1 sites 1476:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 87 theme DNP-enhanced 1211:1222 arg1 measurements 1354:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 88 theme { 1263:1263 arg1 correlation 1284:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 3 89 theme important 618:626 arg1 acid 639:642 industrially important phosphonic acid 605:642 industrially important phosphonic acid 605:642 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 6 90 with sites 1476:1480 arg1 cations 1533:1539 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 91 theme surface 1518:1524 arg1 2+ 1529:1530 2+ 1529:1530 2+ 1529:1530 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 6 91 theme surface 1518:1524 arg1 Ca 1526:1527 surface Ca 1518:1527 surface Ca(2+) cations 1518:1539 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 92 theme quantities 121:130 arg1 adsorption 100:109 Competitive adsorption 88:109 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules 88:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 1 92 theme quantities 121:130 arg1 water 165:169 water 165:169 water at silicate surfaces 165:190 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 6 93 theme silicate 1459:1466 arg1 sites 1476:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites 1425:1480 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 5 94 theme silicate 1109:1116 arg1 species 1118:1124 silicate species 1109:1124 silicate species 1109:1124 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 1 95 theme certain 135:141 arg1 molecules 151:159 certain organic molecules 135:159 certain organic molecules 135:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 6 96 theme H 1237:1237 arg1 } 1238:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 2D (29)Si{(1)H} 1224:1238 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 0 97 theme Low-Surface-Area 60:75 arg1 Silicates 77:85 Low-Surface-Area Silicates 60:85 Low-Surface-Area Silicates 60:85 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 26029958 3 98 theme acid 639:642 arg1 quantities 535:544 dilute quantities 528:544 dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species 528:650 Specifically, dilute quantities (∼0.1% by weight of solids) of the disaccharide sucrose or industrially important phosphonic acid species slow dramatically the hydration of low-surface-area (∼1 m(2)/g) silicate particles. 26029958 1 99 theme molecules 151:159 arg1 quantities 121:130 dilute quantities 114:130 dilute quantities of certain organic molecules 114:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 7 100 theme surface 1649:1655 arg1 sites 1657:1661 cationic calcium surface sites 1632:1661 cationic calcium surface sites 1632:1661 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 8 101 theme physicochemical 1883:1897 arg1 interactions 1899:1910 physicochemical interactions 1883:1910 physicochemical interactions 1883:1910 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 1 102 from surfaces 183:190 arg1 adsorption 100:109 Competitive adsorption 88:109 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules 88:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 1 102 from surfaces 183:190 arg1 water 165:169 water 165:169 water at silicate surfaces 165:190 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 7 103 theme cationic 1632:1639 arg1 sites 1657:1661 cationic calcium surface sites 1632:1661 cationic calcium surface sites 1632:1661 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 6 104 theme heteronuclear 1270:1282 arg1 correlation 1284:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 9 105 from molecules 2028:2036 arg1 materials 2091:2099 low-surface-area materials 2074:2099 low-surface-area materials 2074:2099 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 4 106 theme adsorption 773:782 arg1 interactions 784:795 the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions 742:795 the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species 742:820 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 6 107 theme H 1267:1267 arg1 correlation 1284:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation 1258:1294 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 2 108 theme absolute 411:418 arg1 concentrations 425:438 low absolute bulk concentrations 407:438 low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 407:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 6 109 theme C 1314:1314 arg1 rotational-echo 1317:1331 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo 1300:1331 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo 1300:1331 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 26029958 1 110 theme Competitive 88:98 arg1 adsorption 100:109 Competitive adsorption 88:109 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules 88:159 Competitive adsorption of dilute quantities of certain organic molecules and water at silicate surfaces strongly influence the rates of silicate dissolution, hydration, and crystallization. 26029958 8 111 theme distinct 1821:1828 arg1 ways 1830:1833 distinct ways 1821:1833 distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions 1821:1910 Although dilute quantities of both types of organic molecules effectively inhibit hydration, they do so by adsorbing in distinct ways that depend on their specific architectures and physicochemical interactions. 26029958 9 112 theme DNP-enhanced 1962:1973 arg1 techniques 1979:1988 DNP-enhanced NMR techniques 1962:1988 DNP-enhanced NMR techniques 1962:1988 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 0 113 theme Organic 21:27 arg1 Adsorbates 29:38 Dilute Organic Adsorbates 14:38 Dilute Organic Adsorbates 14:38 Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates. 26029958 2 114 theme particle 466:473 arg1 surfaces 475:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces 443:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 443:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 115 theme heterogeneous 443:455 arg1 surfaces 475:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces 443:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 443:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 5 116 theme dilute 1071:1076 arg1 molecules 1095:1103 dilute adsorbed organic molecules 1071:1103 dilute adsorbed organic molecules 1071:1103 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 7 117 theme acid 1568:1571 arg1 molecules 1573:1581 phosphonic acid molecules 1557:1581 phosphonic acid molecules 1557:1581 By comparison, phosphonic acid molecules are found to adsorb electrostatically at or near cationic calcium surface sites to form Ca(2+)-phosphonate complexes. 26029958 2 118 theme hydration 503:511 arg1 stages 493:498 early stages 487:498 early stages of hydration 487:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 5 119 theme organic 1087:1093 arg1 molecules 1095:1103 dilute adsorbed organic molecules 1071:1103 dilute adsorbed organic molecules 1071:1103 These measurements provide significantly improved signal sensitivity for near-surface species that is crucial for the detection and analysis of dilute adsorbed organic molecules and silicate species on low-surface-area particles, which until now have been infeasible to characterize. 26029958 4 120 theme dynamic 847:853 arg1 DNP 877:879 DNP 877:879 DNP 877:879 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 4 120 theme dynamic 847:853 arg1 polarization 863:874 dynamic nuclear polarization 847:874 dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques 847:924 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 2 121 theme site-specific 347:359 arg1 interactions 361:372 site-specific interactions 347:372 site-specific interactions 347:372 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 9 122 theme adsorbed 2019:2026 arg1 molecules 2028:2036 dilute adsorbed molecules 2012:2036 dilute adsorbed molecules 2012:2036 The results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNP-enhanced NMR techniques to measure and assess dilute adsorbed molecules and their molecular interactions on low-surface-area materials, notably for compositions that are industrially relevant. 26029958 4 123 theme organic 806:812 arg1 species 814:820 these organic species 800:820 these organic species 800:820 Here, the physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions of these organic species are established by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) surface-enhanced solid-state NMR techniques. 26029958 2 124 from concentrations 425:438 arg1 structures 317:326 the molecular-level structures 297:326 the molecular-level structures 297:326 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 124 from concentrations 425:438 arg1 interactions 361:372 site-specific interactions 347:372 site-specific interactions 347:372 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 124 from concentrations 425:438 arg1 surfaces 475:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces 443:482 heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration 443:511 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 124 from concentrations 425:438 arg1 compositions 329:340 compositions 329:340 compositions 329:340 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 2 125 theme organic 386:392 arg1 molecules 394:402 adsorbed organic molecules 377:402 adsorbed organic molecules 377:402 Here, we determine the molecular-level structures, compositions, and site-specific interactions of adsorbed organic molecules at low absolute bulk concentrations on heterogeneous silicate particle surfaces at early stages of hydration. 26029958 6 126 theme NMR 1350:1352 arg1 measurements 1354:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements 1211:1365 DNP-enhanced 2D (29)Si{(1)H}, (13)C{(1)H}, and (31)P{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation and 1D (29)Si{(13)C} rotational-echo double-resonance NMR measurements establish hydrogen-bond-mediated adsorption of sucrose at distinct nonhydrated and hydrated silicate surface sites and electrostatic interactions with surface Ca(2+) cations. 27427599 0 0 theme Composite 107:115 arg1 Membranes 117:125 Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 50:125 Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 50:125 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 4 1 theme bone 1094:1097 arg1 marrow 1099:1104 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 2 from components 936:945 arg1 products 912:919 the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products 861:919 the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components 861:945 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 1 3 theme octacalcium 211:221 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 1 4 theme coating 333:339 arg1 method 341:346 a layer-by-layer coating method 316:346 a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR) 316:411 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 0 5 theme Alginate 98:105 arg1 Membranes 117:125 Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 50:125 Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 50:125 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 5 6 theme CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG 1227:1242 arg1 membrane 1254:1261 the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane 1219:1261 the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane 1219:1261 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 5 6 theme CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG 1227:1242 arg1 bioactive 1273:1281 bioactive 1273:1281 bioactive 1273:1281 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 4 7 theme cell 965:968 arg1 proliferation 970:982 the cell proliferation 961:982 the cell proliferation 961:982 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 1 8 theme phosphate/nano-sized 223:242 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 4 9 theme CS/ALG 1161:1166 arg1 membranes 1181:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 10 theme adhesion 1056:1063 arg1 behavior 1076:1083 the adhesion and growth behavior 1052:1083 behavior 1076:1083 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 11 theme microstructure 873:886 arg1 products 912:919 the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products 861:919 the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components 861:945 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 12 theme human 1088:1092 arg1 marrow 1099:1104 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 0 13 theme Membranes 117:125 arg1 Evaluation 36:45 In Vitro Biological Evaluation 16:45 In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 16:125 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 0 13 theme Membranes 117:125 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 4 14 dep marrow 1099:1104 arg1 hBMSCs 1130:1135 hBMSCs 1130:1135 hBMSCs 1130:1135 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 14 dep marrow 1099:1104 arg1 cells 1123:1127 mesenchymal stem cells 1106:1127 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 15 from behavior 1076:1083 arg1 comparison 1141:1150 comparison 1141:1150 comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1141:1189 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 2 16 theme mechanical 430:439 arg1 properties 441:450 mechanical properties 430:450 mechanical properties 430:450 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 5 17 theme bone 1328:1331 arg1 regeneration 1333:1344 bone regeneration 1328:1344 bone regeneration 1328:1344 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 0 18 theme Bone 141:144 arg1 Regeneration 153:164 Bone Guided Regeneration 141:164 Bone Guided Regeneration 141:164 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 4 19 theme surface 865:871 arg1 microstructure 873:886 the surface microstructure 861:886 the surface microstructure 861:886 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 1 20 theme bioactive 244:252 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 3 21 theme aqueous 805:811 arg1 medium 813:818 aqueous medium 805:818 aqueous medium 805:818 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 4 22 theme mesenchymal 1106:1116 arg1 hBMSCs 1130:1135 hBMSCs 1130:1135 hBMSCs 1130:1135 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 22 theme mesenchymal 1106:1116 arg1 cells 1123:1127 mesenchymal stem cells 1106:1127 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 1 23 theme glass 254:258 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 2 24 theme mechanical 553:562 arg1 observation 540:550 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 2 25 theme microscopy 523:532 arg1 observation 540:550 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 1 26 theme functional 356:365 arg1 requirement 367:377 the functional requirement 352:377 the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR) 352:411 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 4 27 with comparison 1141:1150 arg1 membranes 1181:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 3 28 theme composite 650:658 arg1 membranes 660:668 the composite membranes 646:668 the composite membranes 646:668 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 1 29 theme CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG 261:276 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 2 30 theme electron 514:521 arg1 microscopy 523:532 scanning electron microscopy 505:532 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 2 30 theme electron 514:521 arg1 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 4 31 theme ion 896:898 arg1 dissolution 900:910 the ion dissolution 892:910 the ion dissolution 892:910 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 0 32 theme In 16:17 arg1 Evaluation 36:45 In Vitro Biological Evaluation 16:45 In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 16:125 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 5 33 theme new 1223:1225 arg1 membrane 1254:1261 the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane 1219:1261 the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane 1219:1261 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 5 33 theme new 1223:1225 arg1 bioactive 1273:1281 bioactive 1273:1281 bioactive 1273:1281 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 0 34 theme Guided 146:151 arg1 Regeneration 153:164 Bone Guided Regeneration 141:164 Bone Guided Regeneration 141:164 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 3 35 theme tensile 734:740 arg1 strength 742:749 an excellent tensile strength 721:749 an excellent tensile strength 721:749 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 4 36 theme MTT 838:840 arg1 assays 842:847 Cell culture and MTT assays 821:847 assays 842:847 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 1 37 theme composite 279:287 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 3 38 from decay 781:785 arg1 medium 813:818 aqueous medium 805:818 aqueous medium 805:818 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 1 39 theme guided 382:387 arg1 regeneration 394:405 guided bone regeneration 382:405 guided bone regeneration (GBR) 382:411 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 1 39 theme guided 382:387 arg1 GBR 408:410 GBR 408:410 GBR 408:410 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 5 40 theme composite 1244:1252 arg1 membrane 1254:1261 the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane 1219:1261 the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane 1219:1261 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 5 40 theme composite 1244:1252 arg1 bioactive 1273:1281 bioactive 1273:1281 bioactive 1273:1281 These results suggest that the new CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG composite membrane is highly bioactive and biodegradable, and favorable for guiding bone regeneration. 27427599 2 41 theme moisture 456:463 arg1 content 465:471 moisture content 456:471 moisture content 456:471 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 0 42 theme Biological 25:34 arg1 Evaluation 36:45 In Vitro Biological Evaluation 16:45 In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 16:125 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 1 43 theme bone 389:392 arg1 regeneration 394:405 guided bone regeneration 382:405 guided bone regeneration (GBR) 382:411 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 1 43 theme bone 389:392 arg1 GBR 408:410 GBR 408:410 GBR 408:410 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 4 44 theme marrow 1099:1104 arg1 behavior 1076:1083 the adhesion and growth behavior 1052:1083 behavior 1076:1083 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 45 theme dissolution 900:910 arg1 products 912:919 the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products 861:919 the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components 861:945 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 2 46 theme membranes 480:488 arg1 morphology 418:427 The morphology 414:427 The morphology 414:427 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 2 46 theme membranes 480:488 arg1 properties 441:450 mechanical properties 430:450 mechanical properties 430:450 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 2 46 theme membranes 480:488 arg1 content 465:471 moisture content 456:471 moisture content 456:471 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 1 47 theme regeneration 394:405 arg1 requirement 367:377 the functional requirement 352:377 the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR) 352:411 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 2 48 theme swelling 568:575 arg1 test 577:580 swelling test 568:580 swelling test 568:580 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 4 49 theme teOCP/nBG 926:934 arg1 components 936:945 teOCP/nBG components 926:945 teOCP/nBG components 926:945 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 50 theme stem 1118:1121 arg1 hBMSCs 1130:1135 hBMSCs 1130:1135 hBMSCs 1130:1135 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 50 theme stem 1118:1121 arg1 cells 1123:1127 mesenchymal stem cells 1106:1127 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1088:1136 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 3 51 theme excellent 724:732 arg1 strength 742:749 an excellent tensile strength 721:749 an excellent tensile strength 721:749 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 4 52 theme growth 1069:1074 arg1 behavior 1076:1083 the adhesion and growth behavior 1052:1083 behavior 1076:1083 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 3 53 theme composite 692:700 arg1 membrane 702:709 as-prepared composite membrane 680:709 as-prepared composite membrane 680:709 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 3 54 theme mechanical 770:779 arg1 decay 781:785 mechanical decay 770:785 mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium 770:818 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 4 55 theme Cell 821:824 arg1 culture 826:832 Cell culture and MTT assays 821:847 culture 826:832 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 56 theme polymer 1173:1179 arg1 membranes 1181:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 57 theme composite 1004:1012 arg1 suitable 1028:1035 suitable 1028:1035 suitable 1028:1035 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 4 57 theme composite 1004:1012 arg1 membranes 1014:1022 especially the composite membranes 989:1022 especially the composite membranes 989:1022 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 0 58 dep In 16:17 arg1 Vitro 19:23 Vitro 19:23 Vitro 19:23 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 2 59 theme test 577:580 arg1 observation 540:550 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 3 60 theme as-prepared 680:690 arg1 membrane 702:709 as-prepared composite membrane 680:709 as-prepared composite membrane 680:709 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 1 61 theme chitosan/alginate-trace 171:193 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 4 62 theme pure 1168:1171 arg1 membranes 1181:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes 1157:1189 Cell culture and MTT assays showed that the surface microstructure and the ion dissolution products from teOCP/nBG components could enhance the cell proliferation, and especially the composite membranes was suitable for supporting the adhesion and growth behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in comparison with the CS/ALG pure polymer membranes. 27427599 0 63 theme Phosphate/Bioactive 62:80 arg1 Membranes 117:125 Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 50:125 Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes 50:125 Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bioactive Glass-Chitosan/ Alginate Composite Membranes Potential for Bone Guided Regeneration. 27427599 2 64 theme scanning 505:512 arg1 microscopy 523:532 scanning electron microscopy 505:532 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation 505:550 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 2 64 theme scanning 505:512 arg1 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical and swelling test. 27427599 1 65 theme element-codoped 195:209 arg1 membranes 289:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes 167:297 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27427599 3 66 with decay 781:785 arg1 immersion 792:800 immersion 792:800 immersion 792:800 The results showed that the teOCP/nBG distributed uniformly in the composite membranes, and such as-prepared composite membrane exhibited an excellent tensile strength, accompanying with mechanical decay with immersion in aqueous medium. 27427599 1 67 theme layer-by-layer 318:331 arg1 method 341:346 a layer-by-layer coating method 316:346 a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR) 316:411 The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). 27617666 2 0 from early 392:396 arg1 process 405:411 the process 401:411 the process 401:411 The degree of synergy (DS) may change with substrate conversion, and some studies have suggested a maximum in DS early in the process. 27617666 3 1 theme conversion 480:489 arg1 interrelationships 451:468 interrelationships 451:468 interrelationships of DS and conversion 451:489 Here, we systematically investigated interrelationships of DS and conversion in a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions. 27617666 7 2 from changes 928:934 arg1 DS 939:940 DS 939:940 DS 939:940 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 5 3 attach linked 751:756 arg1 reactivity 774:783 a decreasing reactivity 761:783 a decreasing reactivity of the substrate 761:800 We suggest that this is linked to a decreasing reactivity of the substrate. 27617666 5 3 attach linked 751:756 arg2 this 743:746 this 743:746 this 743:746 We suggest that this is linked to a decreasing reactivity of the substrate. 27617666 2 4 theme synergy 293:299 arg1 degree 283:288 The degree 279:288 The degree of synergy (DS) 279:304 The degree of synergy (DS) may change with substrate conversion, and some studies have suggested a maximum in DS early in the process. 27617666 7 5 dep studies 985:991 arg1 both 965:968 both 965:968 both 965:968 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 7 6 theme Such 902:905 arg1 changes 928:934 Such conversion dependent changes 902:934 Such conversion dependent changes in DS 902:940 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 3 7 theme wide 520:523 arg1 range 525:529 a wide range 518:529 a wide range of experimental conditions 518:556 Here, we systematically investigated interrelationships of DS and conversion in a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions. 27617666 1 8 theme industrial 130:139 arg1 utilization 141:151 their industrial utilization 124:151 their industrial utilization 124:151 Synergy between cellulolytic enzymes is important for their industrial utilization, and numerous studies have addressed the problem of how to optimize the composition of enzyme cocktails with respect to this. 27617666 7 9 theme optimal 1045:1051 arg1 synergy 1053:1059 optimal synergy 1045:1059 optimal synergy 1045:1059 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 7 10 from important 955:963 arg1 studies 985:991 mechanistic studies 973:991 mechanistic studies 973:991 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 1 11 theme cellulolytic 86:97 arg1 enzymes 99:105 cellulolytic enzymes 86:105 cellulolytic enzymes 86:105 Synergy between cellulolytic enzymes is important for their industrial utilization, and numerous studies have addressed the problem of how to optimize the composition of enzyme cocktails with respect to this. 27617666 4 12 from increase 711:718 arg1 DS 723:724 DS 723:724 DS 723:724 The results did not reveal any correlation between DS and contact time, but when plotted against the degree of substrate conversion we saw a systematic increase in DS. 27617666 7 13 from studies 985:991 arg1 important 955:963 important 955:963 important 955:963 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 3 14 theme experimental 534:545 arg1 conditions 547:556 experimental conditions 534:556 experimental conditions 534:556 Here, we systematically investigated interrelationships of DS and conversion in a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions. 27617666 3 15 theme conditions 547:556 arg1 range 525:529 a wide range 518:529 a wide range of experimental conditions 518:556 Here, we systematically investigated interrelationships of DS and conversion in a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions. 27617666 7 16 theme industrial 1014:1023 arg1 blends 1033:1038 industrial enzymes blends 1014:1038 industrial enzymes blends 1014:1038 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 0 17 theme cellulases 22:31 arg1 Endo/exo-synergism 0:17 Endo/exo-synergism 0:17 Endo/exo-synergism of cellulases 0:31 Endo/exo-synergism of cellulases increases with substrate conversion. 27617666 7 18 theme enzymes 1025:1031 arg1 blends 1033:1038 industrial enzymes blends 1014:1038 industrial enzymes blends 1014:1038 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 4 19 theme systematic 700:709 arg1 increase 711:718 a systematic increase 698:718 a systematic increase in DS 698:724 The results did not reveal any correlation between DS and contact time, but when plotted against the degree of substrate conversion we saw a systematic increase in DS. 27617666 2 20 theme early 392:396 arg1 DS 389:390 DS 389:390 DS early in the process 389:411 The degree of synergy (DS) may change with substrate conversion, and some studies have suggested a maximum in DS early in the process. 27617666 0 21 theme substrate 48:56 arg1 conversion 58:67 substrate conversion 48:67 substrate conversion 48:67 Endo/exo-synergism of cellulases increases with substrate conversion. 27617666 4 22 theme contact 617:623 arg1 time 625:628 contact time 617:628 contact time 617:628 The results did not reveal any correlation between DS and contact time, but when plotted against the degree of substrate conversion we saw a systematic increase in DS. 27617666 5 23 theme substrate 792:800 arg1 reactivity 774:783 a decreasing reactivity 761:783 a decreasing reactivity of the substrate 761:800 We suggest that this is linked to a decreasing reactivity of the substrate. 27617666 7 24 theme mechanistic 973:983 arg1 studies 985:991 mechanistic studies 973:991 mechanistic studies 973:991 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 3 25 theme DS 473:474 arg1 interrelationships 451:468 interrelationships 451:468 interrelationships of DS and conversion 451:489 Here, we systematically investigated interrelationships of DS and conversion in a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions. 27617666 6 26 theme substrate 886:894 arg1 recalcitrance 855:867 the recalcitrance 851:867 the recalcitrance of the remaining substrate 851:894 Hence, synergy became increasingly important as the recalcitrance of the remaining substrate grew. 27617666 10 27 dep 696-700 1092:1098 arg1 2017 1082:1085 2017 1082:1085 2017 1082:1085 2017;114: 696-700. 27617666 2 28 from maximum 378:384 arg1 DS 389:390 DS 389:390 DS early in the process 389:411 The degree of synergy (DS) may change with substrate conversion, and some studies have suggested a maximum in DS early in the process. 27617666 2 29 theme substrate 322:330 arg1 conversion 332:341 substrate conversion 322:341 substrate conversion 322:341 The degree of synergy (DS) may change with substrate conversion, and some studies have suggested a maximum in DS early in the process. 27617666 7 30 dep Such 902:905 arg1 dependent 918:926 dependent 918:926 dependent 918:926 Such conversion dependent changes in DS appear to be important both in mechanistic studies and attempts to find industrial enzymes blends with optimal synergy. 27617666 6 31 theme remaining 876:884 arg1 substrate 886:894 the remaining substrate 872:894 the remaining substrate 872:894 Hence, synergy became increasingly important as the recalcitrance of the remaining substrate grew. 27617666 4 32 theme substrate 670:678 arg1 conversion 680:689 substrate conversion 670:689 substrate conversion 670:689 The results did not reveal any correlation between DS and contact time, but when plotted against the degree of substrate conversion we saw a systematic increase in DS. 27617666 4 33 theme conversion 680:689 arg1 degree 660:665 the degree 656:665 the degree of substrate conversion 656:689 The results did not reveal any correlation between DS and contact time, but when plotted against the degree of substrate conversion we saw a systematic increase in DS. 27617666 1 34 theme enzyme 240:245 arg1 cocktails 247:255 enzyme cocktails 240:255 enzyme cocktails 240:255 Synergy between cellulolytic enzymes is important for their industrial utilization, and numerous studies have addressed the problem of how to optimize the composition of enzyme cocktails with respect to this. 27617666 11 35 dep © 1101:1101 arg1 Inc. 1127:1130 Inc. 1127:1130 Inc. 1127:1130 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27617666 1 36 theme numerous 158:165 arg1 studies 167:173 numerous studies 158:173 numerous studies 158:173 Synergy between cellulolytic enzymes is important for their industrial utilization, and numerous studies have addressed the problem of how to optimize the composition of enzyme cocktails with respect to this. 27617666 1 37 theme cocktails 247:255 arg1 composition 225:235 the composition 221:235 the composition of enzyme cocktails with respect to this 221:276 Synergy between cellulolytic enzymes is important for their industrial utilization, and numerous studies have addressed the problem of how to optimize the composition of enzyme cocktails with respect to this. 27617666 2 38 from process 405:411 arg1 early 392:396 early 392:396 early 392:396 The degree of synergy (DS) may change with substrate conversion, and some studies have suggested a maximum in DS early in the process. 27617666 5 39 theme decreasing 763:772 arg1 reactivity 774:783 a decreasing reactivity 761:783 a decreasing reactivity of the substrate 761:800 We suggest that this is linked to a decreasing reactivity of the substrate. 27617666 3 40 theme model 496:500 arg1 system 502:507 a model system 494:507 a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions 494:556 Here, we systematically investigated interrelationships of DS and conversion in a model system covering a wide range of experimental conditions. 28911271 2 0 theme efficient 456:464 arg1 removal 466:472 highly efficient removal 449:472 highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions 449:505 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 0 1 theme Pb 84:85 arg1 removal 73:79 highly efficient removal 56:79 highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment 56:114 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 1 2 theme mutagenic 297:305 arg1 properties 307:316 its highly toxic and mutagenic properties 276:316 its highly toxic and mutagenic properties 276:316 Lead (Pb) pollution has triggered a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties. 28911271 7 3 theme pseudo-second-order 1097:1115 arg1 equations 1145:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 7 4 theme pseudo-second-order 1227:1245 arg1 model 1268:1272 the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model 1223:1272 the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model 1223:1272 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 1 5 theme ecological 226:235 arg1 system 237:242 ecological system 226:242 ecological system as well as public health 226:267 Lead (Pb) pollution has triggered a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties. 28911271 6 6 theme Equilibrium 911:921 arg1 isotherm 923:930 Equilibrium isotherm 911:930 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) 911:959 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) was the best. 28911271 9 7 theme wastewater 1598:1607 arg1 treatment 1609:1617 wastewater treatment 1598:1617 wastewater treatment 1598:1617 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 4 8 theme electrostatic 770:782 arg1 interaction 784:794 electrostatic interaction 770:794 electrostatic interaction 770:794 Combining oxidation reaction, electrostatic interaction and chelation reaction, PT-CS exhibited fine adsorption to Pb(II). 28911271 9 9 theme promising 1537:1545 arg1 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 9 9 theme promising 1537:1545 arg1 bioadsorbent 1572:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent 1535:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment 1535:1617 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 3 10 theme adsorption 718:727 arg1 mechanism 729:737 the adsorption mechanism 714:737 the adsorption mechanism 714:737 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 7 11 theme pseudo-first-order 1077:1094 arg1 equations 1145:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 0 12 theme aqueous 96:102 arg1 environment 104:114 aqueous environment 96:114 aqueous environment 96:114 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 6 13 dep Freundlich 991:1000 arg1 models 1013:1018 models 1013:1018 models 1013:1018 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) was the best. 28911271 2 14 theme chitosan 334:341 arg1 surface 343:349 chitosan surface 334:349 chitosan surface 334:349 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 2 15 theme Pb 477:478 arg1 removal 466:472 highly efficient removal 449:472 highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions 449:505 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 0 16 theme Chitosan 0:7 arg1 tannin 32:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin 0:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 0:172 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 0 17 theme modification 9:20 arg1 tannin 32:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin 0:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 0:172 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 7 18 theme adsorption 1200:1209 arg1 process 1211:1217 the adsorption process 1196:1217 the adsorption process 1196:1217 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 3 19 theme Fourier-transform 525:541 arg1 spectroscopy 552:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 525:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 525:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 1 20 theme Lead 174:177 arg1 pollution 184:192 Lead (Pb) pollution 174:192 Lead (Pb) pollution 174:192 Lead (Pb) pollution has triggered a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties. 28911271 2 21 theme aqueous 489:495 arg1 solutions 497:505 aqueous solutions 489:505 aqueous solutions 489:505 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 9 22 theme Pb 1588:1589 arg1 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 9 22 theme Pb 1588:1589 arg1 bioadsorbent 1572:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent 1535:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment 1535:1617 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 3 23 theme infrared 543:550 arg1 spectroscopy 552:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 525:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 525:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 5 24 theme adsorption 875:884 arg1 179.3 mg/g 899:908 179.3 mg/g 899:908 179.3 mg/g 899:908 The maximum adsorption capacity was 179.3 mg/g. 28911271 5 24 theme adsorption 875:884 arg1 capacity 886:893 The maximum adsorption capacity 863:893 The maximum adsorption capacity 863:893 The maximum adsorption capacity was 179.3 mg/g. 28911271 2 25 theme biomass 385:391 arg1 composite 393:401 persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite 360:401 persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite 360:401 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 7 26 used used 1160:1163 arg2 equations 1145:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 8 27 theme 456.13 J/mol K 1378:1391 arg1  > 0 1393:1396 ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1373:1396 ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1373:1396 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 4 28 theme fine 836:839 arg1 adsorption 841:850 fine adsorption 836:850 fine adsorption to Pb(II) 836:860 Combining oxidation reaction, electrostatic interaction and chelation reaction, PT-CS exhibited fine adsorption to Pb(II). 28911271 6 29 theme Langmuir 1029:1036 arg1 best 1067:1070 best 1067:1070 best 1067:1070 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) was the best. 28911271 6 29 theme Langmuir 1029:1036 arg1 R2 > 0.99 1048:1056 R2 > 0.99 1048:1056 R2 > 0.99 1048:1056 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) was the best. 28911271 6 29 theme Langmuir 1029:1036 arg1 isotherm 1038:1045 the Langmuir isotherm 1025:1045 the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) 1025:1057 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) was the best. 28911271 0 30 theme persimmon 22:30 arg1 tannin 32:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin 0:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 0:172 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 1 31 theme public 255:260 arg1 health 262:267 public health 255:267 ecological system as well as public health 226:267 Lead (Pb) pollution has triggered a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties. 28911271 4 32 theme oxidation 750:758 arg1 reaction 760:767 oxidation reaction 750:767 oxidation reaction 750:767 Combining oxidation reaction, electrostatic interaction and chelation reaction, PT-CS exhibited fine adsorption to Pb(II). 28911271 8 33 theme thermodynamic 1301:1313 arg1  > 0 1364:1367 ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 1345:1367 ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 1345:1367 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 8 33 theme thermodynamic 1301:1313 arg1 ΔG0 < 0 1336:1342 ΔG0 < 0 1336:1342 ΔG0 < 0 1336:1342 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 8 33 theme thermodynamic 1301:1313 arg1 parameters 1315:1324 thermodynamic parameters 1301:1324 thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1301:1396 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 8 33 theme thermodynamic 1301:1313 arg1  > 0 1393:1396 ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1373:1396 ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1373:1396 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 7 34 theme diffusion 1135:1143 arg1 equations 1145:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 0 35 theme adsorption 121:130 arg1 equilibrium 132:142 the adsorption equilibrium 117:142 the adsorption equilibrium 117:142 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 3 36 theme X-ray 639:643 arg1 spectroscopy 659:670 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 639:670 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 639:670 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 37 theme X-ray 566:570 arg1 diffraction 572:582 X-ray diffraction 566:582 X-ray diffraction 566:582 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 0 38 theme bioadsorbent 39:50 arg1 tannin 32:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin 0:37 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 0:172 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 5 39 theme maximum 867:873 arg1 179.3 mg/g 899:908 179.3 mg/g 899:908 179.3 mg/g 899:908 The maximum adsorption capacity was 179.3 mg/g. 28911271 5 39 theme maximum 867:873 arg1 capacity 886:893 The maximum adsorption capacity 863:893 The maximum adsorption capacity 863:893 The maximum adsorption capacity was 179.3 mg/g. 28911271 8 40 theme ΔS0 1373:1375 arg1  > 0 1393:1396 ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1373:1396 ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 1373:1396 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 9 41 from bioadsorbent 1572:1583 arg1 treatment 1609:1617 wastewater treatment 1598:1617 wastewater treatment 1598:1617 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 7 42 theme kinetic 1180:1186 arg1 data 1188:1191 the kinetic data 1176:1191 the kinetic data of the adsorption process 1176:1217 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 2 43 theme environmental-friendly 409:430 arg1 bioadsorbent 432:443 an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent 406:443 an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions 406:505 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 6 44 theme Pb 954:955 arg1 adsorption 940:949 the adsorption 936:949 the adsorption of Pb(II) 936:959 Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of Pb(II) was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) was the best. 28911271 8 45 theme Pb 1425:1426 arg1 adsorption 1432:1441 Pb(II) adsorption 1425:1441 Pb(II) adsorption 1425:1441 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 9 46 theme alternative 1560:1570 arg1 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 9 46 theme alternative 1560:1570 arg1 bioadsorbent 1572:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent 1535:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment 1535:1617 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 8 47 theme 150.57 KJ/mol 1350:1362 arg1  > 0 1364:1367 ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 1345:1367 ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 1345:1367 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 7 48 theme intraparticle 1121:1133 arg1 equations 1145:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations 1073:1153 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 3 49 theme Zeta 676:679 arg1 potential 681:689 Zeta potential 676:689 Zeta potential 676:689 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 50 theme scanning 585:592 arg1 microscope 603:612 scanning electron microscope 585:612 scanning electron microscope 585:612 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 51 theme electron 594:601 arg1 microscope 603:612 scanning electron microscope 585:612 scanning electron microscope 585:612 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 0 52 dep tannin 32:37 arg1 thermodynamics 158:171 thermodynamics 158:171 thermodynamics 158:171 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 0 52 dep tannin 32:37 arg1 kinetics 145:152 kinetics 145:152 kinetics 145:152 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 0 52 dep tannin 32:37 arg1 equilibrium 132:142 the adsorption equilibrium 117:142 the adsorption equilibrium 117:142 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 9 53 theme low-cost 1551:1558 arg1 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 PT-CS 1520:1524 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 9 53 theme low-cost 1551:1558 arg1 bioadsorbent 1572:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent 1535:1583 a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment 1535:1617 All these results illustrated that PT-CS would be a promising and low-cost alternative bioadsorbent of Pb(II) in wastewater treatment. 28911271 7 54 theme Rs2 > 0.98 1256:1265 arg1 model 1268:1272 the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model 1223:1272 the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model 1223:1272 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 8 55 theme ΔH0 1345:1347 arg1  > 0 1364:1367 ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 1345:1367 ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 1345:1367 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 3 56 theme photoelectron 645:657 arg1 spectroscopy 659:670 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 639:670 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 639:670 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 4 57 theme chelation 800:808 arg1 reaction 810:817 chelation reaction 800:817 chelation reaction 800:817 Combining oxidation reaction, electrostatic interaction and chelation reaction, PT-CS exhibited fine adsorption to Pb(II). 28911271 3 58 used used 696:699 arg2 microscope 603:612 scanning electron microscope 585:612 scanning electron microscope 585:612 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 58 used used 696:699 arg2 potential 681:689 Zeta potential 676:689 Zeta potential 676:689 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 58 used used 696:699 arg2 spectroscopy 659:670 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 639:670 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 639:670 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 58 used used 696:699 arg2 spectroscopy 552:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 525:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 525:563 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 58 used used 696:699 arg2 diffraction 572:582 X-ray diffraction 566:582 X-ray diffraction 566:582 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 3 58 used used 696:699 arg2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 615:636 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 615:636 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 615:636 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. 28911271 7 59 theme process 1211:1217 arg1 data 1188:1191 the kinetic data 1176:1191 the kinetic data of the adsorption process 1176:1217 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 8 60 theme adsorption 1432:1441 arg1 spontaneous 1456:1466 spontaneous 1456:1466 spontaneous 1456:1466 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 8 60 theme adsorption 1432:1441 arg1 process 1414:1420 the process 1410:1420 the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS 1410:1450 Moreover, thermodynamic parameters including ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 (150.57 KJ/mol) > 0 and ΔS0 (456.13 J/mol K) > 0 showed that the process of Pb(II) adsorption by PT-CS was spontaneous and endothermic. 28911271 7 61 theme kinetic 1247:1253 arg1 model 1268:1272 the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model 1223:1272 the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model 1223:1272 The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (Rs2 > 0.98) model was fitted well. 28911271 1 62 theme great 210:214 arg1 threat 216:221 a great threat 208:221 a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties 208:316 Lead (Pb) pollution has triggered a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties. 28911271 0 63 theme efficient 63:71 arg1 removal 73:79 highly efficient removal 56:79 highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment 56:114 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 28911271 1 64 theme toxic 287:291 arg1 properties 307:316 its highly toxic and mutagenic properties 276:316 its highly toxic and mutagenic properties 276:316 Lead (Pb) pollution has triggered a great threat to ecological system as well as public health due to its highly toxic and mutagenic properties. 28911271 2 65 from solutions 497:505 arg1 removal 466:472 highly efficient removal 449:472 highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions 449:505 In this study, chitosan surface modified persimmon tannin (PT-CS) biomass composite as an environmental-friendly bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated. 28911271 0 66 from environment 104:114 arg1 removal 73:79 highly efficient removal 56:79 highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment 56:114 Chitosan modification persimmon tannin bioadsorbent for highly efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment: the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. 25309049 0 0 theme immunometabolic 79:93 arg1 aspect 95:100 immunometabolic aspect 79:100 immunometabolic aspect 79:100 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 8 1 from tissue 1076:1081 arg1 group 1097:1101 the HF-CWP group 1086:1101 the HF-CWP group 1086:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 5 2 theme reduced 778:784 arg1 adiposity 786:794 adiposity 786:794 adiposity 786:794 RESULTS HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. 25309049 8 3 theme adipose 1068:1074 arg1 tissue 1076:1081 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1053:1081 the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group 1053:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 2 4 theme coacervation 341:352 arg1 process 330:336 the biotechnological process 309:336 the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) 309:375 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 4 5 with coacervate 682:691 arg1 water 668:672 water 668:672 water 668:672 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 8 6 theme insulin 1030:1036 arg1 levels 1020:1025 the levels 1016:1025 the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group 1016:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 3 7 theme diet-induced 490:501 arg1 obesity 503:509 diet-induced obesity 490:509 diet-induced obesity 490:509 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 2 8 from prospects 296:304 arg1 chitosan 380:387 chitosan 380:387 chitosan 380:387 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 9 9 theme HF-CWP 1217:1222 arg1 group 1224:1228 HF-CWP group 1217:1228 HF-CWP group 1217:1228 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 3 10 theme kg 450:451 arg1 day 455:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 3 10 theme kg 450:451 arg1 CWP 436:438 METHODS CWP 428:438 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) 428:458 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 8 11 theme glucose 1042:1048 arg1 levels 1020:1025 the levels 1016:1025 the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group 1016:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 4 12 with coacervate 618:627 arg1 water 668:672 water 668:672 water 668:672 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 13 theme control 567:573 arg1 diet 588:591 control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP) 567:635 diet 588:591 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 13 theme control 567:573 arg1 groups 559:564 four groups 554:564 four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP) 554:700 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 13 theme control 567:573 arg1 HF 675:676 HF 675:676 HF 675:676 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 2 14 theme study 267:271 arg1 aim 255:257 The aim 251:257 The aim of this study 251:271 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 1 15 theme whey 179:182 arg1 compounds 166:174 bioactive compounds 156:174 bioactive compounds of whey 156:182 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 0 16 theme obese 105:109 arg1 mice 111:114 obese mice 105:114 obese mice 105:114 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 9 17 theme ATGL 1176:1179 arg1 ATGL 1176:1179 ATGL 1176:1179 ATGL 1176:1179 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 9 17 theme ATGL 1176:1179 arg1 AMPK 1153:1156 phosphorylation AMPK 1137:1156 phosphorylation AMPK 1137:1156 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 9 17 theme ATGL 1176:1179 arg1 amount 1166:1171 the amount 1162:1171 the amount of ATGL 1162:1179 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 3 18 with mice 480:483 arg1 obesity 503:509 diet-induced obesity 490:509 diet-induced obesity 490:509 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 9 19 from increase 1120:1127 arg1 tissue 1207:1212 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1184:1212 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1184:1212 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 9 19 from increase 1120:1127 arg1 ATGL 1176:1179 ATGL 1176:1179 ATGL 1176:1179 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 9 19 from increase 1120:1127 arg1 AMPK 1153:1156 phosphorylation AMPK 1137:1156 phosphorylation AMPK 1137:1156 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 9 19 from increase 1120:1127 arg1 amount 1166:1171 the amount 1162:1171 the amount of ATGL 1162:1179 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 3 20 theme METHODS 428:434 arg1 day 455:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 3 20 theme METHODS 428:434 arg1 CWP 436:438 METHODS CWP 428:438 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) 428:458 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 1 21 contain containing 145:154 arg2 compounds 166:174 bioactive compounds 156:174 bioactive compounds of whey 156:182 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 1 21 contain containing 145:154 arg1 foods 139:143 UNLABELLED Functional foods 117:143 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey 117:182 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 10 22 theme biological 1301:1310 arg1 value 1312:1316 its high biological value 1292:1316 its high biological value of proteins 1292:1328 CONCLUSION CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. 25309049 11 23 theme white 1419:1423 arg1 tissue 1433:1438 white adipose tissue 1419:1438 white adipose tissue 1419:1438 We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue. 25309049 4 24 theme fat 647:649 arg1 diet 651:654 high fat diet 642:654 high fat diet 642:654 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 24 theme fat 647:649 arg1 groups 559:564 four groups 554:564 four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP) 554:700 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 5 25 theme lipid 748:752 arg1 fractions 754:762 serum lipid fractions 742:762 serum lipid fractions 742:762 RESULTS HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. 25309049 0 26 theme Preventive 0:9 arg1 effects 11:17 Preventive effects 0:17 Preventive effects of chitosan 0:29 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 10 27 theme high 1296:1299 arg1 value 1312:1316 its high biological value 1292:1316 its high biological value of proteins 1292:1328 CONCLUSION CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. 25309049 11 28 theme inflammatory 1396:1407 arg1 milieu 1409:1414 the inflammatory milieu 1392:1414 the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue 1392:1438 We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue. 25309049 4 29 theme high 642:645 arg1 diet 651:654 high fat diet 642:654 high fat diet 642:654 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 29 theme high 642:645 arg1 groups 559:564 four groups 554:564 four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP) 554:700 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 0 30 theme chitosan 22:29 arg1 effects 11:17 Preventive effects 0:17 Preventive effects of chitosan 0:29 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 9 31 theme mesenteric 1188:1197 arg1 tissue 1207:1212 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1184:1212 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1184:1212 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 10 32 theme CONCLUSION 1231:1240 arg1 CWP 1242:1244 CONCLUSION CWP 1231:1244 CONCLUSION CWP 1231:1244 CONCLUSION CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. 25309049 1 33 theme important 196:204 arg1 role 206:209 an important role 193:209 an important role 193:209 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 2 34 theme antiobesogenic 402:415 arg1 potential 417:425 its antiobesogenic potential 398:425 its antiobesogenic potential 398:425 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 9 35 theme adipose 1199:1205 arg1 tissue 1207:1212 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1184:1212 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1184:1212 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 8 36 from levels 1020:1025 arg1 tissue 1076:1081 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1053:1081 the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group 1053:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 3 37 theme mg 445:446 arg1 day 455:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 3 37 theme mg 445:446 arg1 CWP 436:438 METHODS CWP 428:438 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) 428:458 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 0 38 theme whey 42:45 arg1 protein 47:53 whey protein 42:53 whey protein 42:53 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 2 39 theme process 330:336 arg1 prospects 296:304 the prospects 292:304 the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan 292:387 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 7 40 from level 891:895 arg1 group 912:916 HF-W group 907:916 HF-W group 907:916 The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. 25309049 6 41 theme HF-CWP 849:854 arg1 group 856:860 HF-CWP group 849:860 HF-CWP group 849:860 Adiponectin was significantly higher in HF-CWP group when compared to the HF. 25309049 5 42 theme weight 726:731 arg1 gain 733:736 weight gain 726:736 weight gain 726:736 RESULTS HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. 25309049 10 43 theme proteins 1321:1328 arg1 value 1312:1316 its high biological value 1292:1316 its high biological value of proteins 1292:1328 CONCLUSION CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. 25309049 0 44 from composition 63:73 arg1 mice 111:114 obese mice 105:114 obese mice 105:114 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 4 45 dep diet 588:591 arg1 gavage 593:598 gavage 593:598 gavage with water (C) 593:613 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 45 dep diet 588:591 arg1 gavage 656:661 gavage 656:661 gavage 656:661 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 8 46 theme HF-CWP 1090:1095 arg1 group 1097:1101 the HF-CWP group 1086:1101 the HF-CWP group 1086:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 4 47 with diet 651:654 arg1 water 668:672 water 668:672 water 668:672 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 7 48 theme LPS 900:902 arg1 level 891:895 The level 887:895 The level of LPS in HF-W group 887:916 The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. 25309049 7 48 theme LPS 900:902 arg1 higher 936:941 higher 936:941 higher 936:941 The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. 25309049 3 49 theme · 453:453 arg1 day 455:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 3 49 theme · 453:453 arg1 CWP 436:438 METHODS CWP 428:438 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) 428:458 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 3 50 theme · 448:448 arg1 day 455:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 100 mg · kg · day 441:457 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 3 50 theme · 448:448 arg1 CWP 436:438 METHODS CWP 428:438 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) 428:458 METHODS CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. 25309049 4 51 with gavage 593:598 arg1 water 605:609 water 605:609 water (C) 605:613 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 51 with gavage 593:598 arg1 C 612:612 C 612:612 C 612:612 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 coacervate 682:691 coacervate 682:691 coacervate (HF-CWP) 682:700 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 diet 588:591 control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP) 567:635 diet 588:591 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 HF-CWP 694:699 HF-CWP 694:699 HF-CWP 694:699 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 HF 675:676 HF 675:676 HF 675:676 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 coacervate 618:627 coacervate 618:627 coacervate (C-CWP) 618:635 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 groups 559:564 four groups 554:564 four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP) 554:700 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 diet 651:654 high fat diet 642:654 high fat diet 642:654 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 52 dep groups 559:564 arg1 C-CWP 630:634 C-CWP 630:634 C-CWP 630:634 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 11 53 theme adipose 1425:1431 arg1 tissue 1433:1438 white adipose tissue 1419:1438 white adipose tissue 1419:1438 We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue. 25309049 1 54 theme UNLABELLED 117:126 arg1 foods 139:143 UNLABELLED Functional foods 117:143 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey 117:182 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 8 55 theme inverse 988:994 arg1 correlation 996:1006 an inverse correlation 985:1006 an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group 985:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 4 56 with diet 588:591 arg1 water 668:672 water 668:672 water 668:672 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 11 57 theme tissue 1433:1438 arg1 milieu 1409:1414 the inflammatory milieu 1392:1414 the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue 1392:1438 We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue. 25309049 1 58 theme Functional 128:137 arg1 foods 139:143 UNLABELLED Functional foods 117:143 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey 117:182 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 7 59 theme HF-W 907:910 arg1 group 912:916 HF-W group 907:916 HF-W group 907:916 The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. 25309049 1 60 theme bioactive 156:164 arg1 compounds 166:174 bioactive compounds 156:174 bioactive compounds of whey 156:182 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 2 61 theme biotechnological 313:328 arg1 process 330:336 the biotechnological process 309:336 the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) 309:375 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 0 62 from aspect 95:100 arg1 mice 111:114 obese mice 105:114 obese mice 105:114 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 11 63 theme protective 1345:1354 arg1 effect 1356:1361 a protective effect 1343:1361 a protective effect against obesity 1343:1377 We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue. 25309049 4 64 theme normocaloric 575:586 arg1 diet 588:591 control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP) 567:635 diet 588:591 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 64 theme normocaloric 575:586 arg1 groups 559:564 four groups 554:564 four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP) 554:700 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 4 64 theme normocaloric 575:586 arg1 HF 675:676 HF 675:676 HF 675:676 The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). 25309049 2 65 theme proteins 362:369 arg1 coacervation 341:352 coacervation 341:352 coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) 341:375 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 5 66 theme serum 742:746 arg1 fractions 754:762 serum lipid fractions 742:762 serum lipid fractions 742:762 RESULTS HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. 25309049 0 67 theme body 58:61 arg1 composition 63:73 body composition 58:73 body composition 58:73 Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. 25309049 9 68 theme phosphorylation 1137:1151 arg1 AMPK 1153:1156 phosphorylation AMPK 1137:1156 phosphorylation AMPK 1137:1156 CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. 25309049 8 69 theme mesenteric 1057:1066 arg1 tissue 1076:1081 the mesenteric adipose tissue 1053:1081 the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group 1053:1101 The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. 25309049 2 70 theme whey 357:360 arg1 CWP 372:374 CWP 372:374 CWP 372:374 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 2 70 theme whey 357:360 arg1 proteins 362:369 whey proteins 357:369 whey proteins (CWP) 357:375 The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. 25309049 1 71 theme obesity 242:248 arg1 treatment 229:237 treatment 229:237 treatment 229:237 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 25309049 1 71 theme obesity 242:248 arg1 prevention 214:223 prevention 214:223 prevention 214:223 UNLABELLED Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. 27329879 9 0 theme TNF-α 1424:1428 arg1 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 0 theme TNF-α 1424:1428 arg1 levels 1408:1413 The levels 1404:1413 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group 1404:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 1 1 theme gingival 383:390 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 2 2 theme Miniature 538:546 arg1 pigs 548:551 Miniature pigs 538:551 Miniature pigs 538:551 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 2 theme Miniature 538:546 arg1 subjects 583:590 experimental subjects 570:590 experimental subjects 570:590 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 6 3 theme IL-1 1088:1091 arg1 levels 1078:1083 levels 1078:1083 levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index 1078:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 6 4 theme periodontal 1123:1133 arg1 index 1135:1139 clinical periodontal index 1114:1139 clinical periodontal index 1114:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 1 5 theme fluid 403:407 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 7 6 theme significant 1242:1252 arg1 difference 1254:1263 significant difference 1242:1263 significant difference between 4 groups 1242:1280 After one month, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF had significant difference between 4 groups. 27329879 2 7 theme material 666:673 arg1 group 659:663 CMC-Zn(+)-P group 647:663 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 7 theme material 666:673 arg1 group 675:679 material group 666:679 material group 666:679 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 0 8 theme [The 0:3 arg1 effect 5:10 [The effect 0:10 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 0:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 10 9 theme TNF-α 1707:1711 arg1 level 1698:1702 the level 1694:1702 the level of TNF-α 1694:1711 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 9 10 theme brushing 1466:1473 arg1 group 1475:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 2 11 theme brushing 682:689 arg1 group 691:695 brushing group 682:695 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 0 12 theme crevicular 91:100 arg1 fluid 102:106 gingival crevicular fluid 82:106 gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 82:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 11 13 theme composite 1754:1762 arg1 group 1764:1768 composite group 1754:1768 composite group 1754:1768 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 6 14 theme TNF-α 1094:1098 arg1 levels 1078:1083 levels 1078:1083 levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index 1078:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 1 15 theme carboxymethyl 183:195 arg1 zinc 206:209 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn 183:229 zinc 206:209 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 7 16 theme IL-1 1212:1215 arg1 levels 1202:1207 the levels 1198:1207 the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF 1198:1236 After one month, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF had significant difference between 4 groups. 27329879 0 17 theme pigs 121:124 arg1 fluid 102:106 gingival crevicular fluid 82:106 gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 82:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 9 18 theme PGE-2 1434:1438 arg1 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 18 theme PGE-2 1434:1438 arg1 levels 1408:1413 The levels 1404:1413 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group 1404:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 2 19 theme control 632:638 arg1 group 640:644 the control group 628:644 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 1 20 theme level 374:378 arg1 change 343:348 the change 339:348 the change 339:348 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 3 21 dep month 787:791 arg1 one 783:785 one 783:785 one 783:785 Gingival crevicular fluid before and one month after the experiment was collected. 27329879 5 22 theme software 979:986 arg1 package 988:994 SPSS 18.0 software package 969:994 SPSS 18.0 software package 969:994 SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. 27329879 3 23 theme Gingival 746:753 arg1 fluid 766:770 Gingival crevicular fluid 746:770 Gingival crevicular fluid before and one month after the experiment 746:812 Gingival crevicular fluid before and one month after the experiment was collected. 27329879 5 24 used used 1000:1003 arg2 package 988:994 SPSS 18.0 software package 969:994 SPSS 18.0 software package 969:994 SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. 27329879 1 25 theme inflammation 301:312 arg1 development 267:277 development 267:277 development 267:277 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 1 25 theme inflammation 301:312 arg1 occurrence 252:261 occurrence 252:261 occurrence 252:261 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 12 26 theme deposition 1935:1944 arg1 speed 1926:1930 the speed 1922:1930 the speed of deposition of dental calculus 1922:1963 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. 27329879 1 27 from TNF-α 358:362 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 9 28 from IL-1 1418:1421 arg1 group 1456:1460 the material group 1443:1460 the material group 1443:1460 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 28 from IL-1 1418:1421 arg1 group 1475:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 29 from group 1475:1479 arg1 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 29 from group 1475:1479 arg1 levels 1408:1413 The levels 1404:1413 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group 1404:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 12 30 theme calculus 1956:1963 arg1 deposition 1935:1944 deposition 1935:1944 deposition of dental calculus 1935:1963 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. 27329879 12 31 theme dental 1949:1954 arg1 calculus 1956:1963 dental calculus 1949:1963 dental calculus 1949:1963 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. 27329879 1 32 from IL-1 353:356 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 5 33 theme SPSS 969:972 arg1 package 988:994 SPSS 18.0 software package 969:994 SPSS 18.0 software package 969:994 SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. 27329879 7 34 from levels 1202:1207 arg1 GCF 1234:1236 GCF 1234:1236 GCF 1234:1236 After one month, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF had significant difference between 4 groups. 27329879 1 35 from level 374:378 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 1 36 from change 343:348 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 2 37 dep group 640:644 arg1 group 738:742 composite group 728:742 composite group 728:742 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 37 dep group 640:644 arg1 group 659:663 CMC-Zn(+)-P group 647:663 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 37 dep group 640:644 arg1 group 675:679 material group 666:679 material group 666:679 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 37 dep group 640:644 arg1 group 721:725 brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group 698:725 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 37 dep group 640:644 arg1 group 691:695 brushing group 682:695 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 4 38 theme immune-sorbent 896:909 arg1 assay 911:915 enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay 882:915 enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay 882:915 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 1 39 theme periodontal 508:518 arg1 diseases 520:527 periodontal diseases 508:527 periodontal diseases 508:527 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 7 40 contain had 1238:1240 arg1 levels 1202:1207 the levels 1198:1207 the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF 1198:1236 After one month, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF had significant difference between 4 groups. 27329879 7 40 contain had 1238:1240 arg2 difference 1254:1263 significant difference 1242:1263 significant difference between 4 groups 1242:1280 After one month, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF had significant difference between 4 groups. 27329879 12 41 theme tissue 1889:1894 arg1 inflammation 1896:1907 periodontal tissue inflammation 1877:1907 periodontal tissue inflammation 1877:1907 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. 27329879 0 42 theme chitosan 29:36 arg1 effect 5:10 [The effect 0:10 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 0:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 8 43 theme other 1375:1379 arg1 P<0.008 1395:1401 P<0.008 1395:1401 P<0.008 1395:1401 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 8 43 theme other 1375:1379 arg1 groups 1387:1392 the other three groups 1371:1392 the other three groups (P<0.008) 1371:1402 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 9 44 theme control 1523:1529 arg1 group 1531:1535 the control group 1519:1535 the control group (P<0.008) 1519:1545 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 44 theme control 1523:1529 arg1 P<0.008 1538:1544 P<0.008 1538:1544 P<0.008 1538:1544 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 1 45 theme periodontal 282:292 arg1 inflammation 301:312 periodontal tissue inflammation 282:312 periodontal tissue inflammation 282:312 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 9 46 theme material 1447:1454 arg1 group 1456:1460 the material group 1443:1460 the material group 1443:1460 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 4 47 theme periodontal 937:947 arg1 index 949:953 the clinical periodontal index 924:953 the clinical periodontal index 924:953 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 1 48 theme chitosan 197:204 arg1 zinc 206:209 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn 183:229 zinc 206:209 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 11 49 theme teeth 1730:1734 arg1 index 1745:1749 the teeth calculus index 1726:1749 the teeth calculus index of composite group 1726:1768 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 11 49 theme teeth 1730:1734 arg1 lower 1788:1792 lower 1788:1792 lower 1788:1792 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 2 50 theme brushing 698:705 arg1 group 721:725 brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group 698:725 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 50 theme brushing 698:705 arg1 group 738:742 composite group 728:742 composite group 728:742 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 51 theme composite 728:736 arg1 group 721:725 brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group 698:725 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 51 theme composite 728:736 arg1 group 738:742 composite group 728:742 composite group 728:742 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 10 52 theme IL-1 1631:1634 arg1 level 1622:1626 significantly lower level 1602:1626 significantly lower level of IL-1 1602:1634 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 1 53 from （GCF） 409:413 arg1 change 343:348 the change 339:348 the change 339:348 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 2 54 theme -P 718:719 arg1 group 721:725 brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group 698:725 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 54 theme -P 718:719 arg1 group 738:742 composite group 728:742 composite group 728:742 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 10 55 theme PGE-2 1666:1670 arg1 level 1657:1661 significantly higher level 1636:1661 significantly higher level of PGE-2 1636:1670 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 1 56 theme effective 462:470 arg1 material 472:479 a new effective material 456:479 a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases 456:527 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 1 57 theme （CMC-Zn 223:229 arg1 -P） 233:235 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） 183:235 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） 183:235 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 6 58 theme index 1135:1139 arg1 levels 1078:1083 levels 1078:1083 levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index 1078:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 1 59 theme crevicular 392:401 arg1 （GCF） 409:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） 383:413 gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing 383:439 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 11 60 theme calculus 1736:1743 arg1 index 1745:1749 the teeth calculus index 1726:1749 the teeth calculus index of composite group 1726:1768 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 11 60 theme calculus 1736:1743 arg1 lower 1788:1792 lower 1788:1792 lower 1788:1792 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 6 61 theme clinical 1114:1121 arg1 index 1135:1139 clinical periodontal index 1114:1139 clinical periodontal index 1114:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 10 62 contain had 1598:1600 arg2 level 1657:1661 significantly higher level 1636:1661 significantly higher level of PGE-2 1636:1670 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 10 62 contain had 1598:1600 arg2 difference 1680:1689 no difference 1677:1689 no difference in the level of TNF-α 1677:1711 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 10 62 contain had 1598:1600 arg1 group 1592:1596 the brushing group 1579:1596 the brushing group 1579:1596 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 10 62 contain had 1598:1600 arg2 level 1622:1626 significantly lower level 1602:1626 significantly lower level of IL-1 1602:1634 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 2 63 theme experimental 570:581 arg1 pigs 548:551 Miniature pigs 538:551 Miniature pigs 538:551 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 63 theme experimental 570:581 arg1 subjects 583:590 experimental subjects 570:590 experimental subjects 570:590 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 6 64 theme PGE-2 1104:1108 arg1 levels 1078:1083 levels 1078:1083 levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index 1078:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 11 65 theme group 1764:1768 arg1 index 1745:1749 the teeth calculus index 1726:1749 the teeth calculus index of composite group 1726:1768 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 11 65 theme group 1764:1768 arg1 lower 1788:1792 lower 1788:1792 lower 1788:1792 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 8 66 theme composite 1319:1327 arg1 group 1329:1333 composite group 1319:1333 composite group 1319:1333 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 9 67 from group 1456:1460 arg1 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 67 from group 1456:1460 arg1 levels 1408:1413 The levels 1404:1413 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group 1404:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 0 68 dep chitosan 29:36 arg1 zinc 38:41 zinc 38:41 zinc 38:41 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 0 69 from TNF-α 63:67 arg1 fluid 102:106 gingival crevicular fluid 82:106 gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 82:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 6 70 dep RESULTS 1031:1037 arg1 was 1045:1047 was 1045:1047 was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment 1045:1178 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 0 71 theme miniature 111:119 arg1 pigs 121:124 miniature pigs 111:124 miniature pigs 111:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 1 72 theme IL-1 353:356 arg1 change 343:348 the change 339:348 the change 339:348 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 2 73 dep METHODS 530:536 arg1 divided 596:602 divided 596:602 divided into 4 groups 596:616 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 73 dep METHODS 530:536 arg1 selected 558:565 selected 558:565 selected as experimental subjects 558:590 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 9 74 from PGE-2 1434:1438 arg1 group 1456:1460 the material group 1443:1460 the material group 1443:1460 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 74 from PGE-2 1434:1438 arg1 group 1475:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 0 75 from IL-1 58:61 arg1 fluid 102:106 gingival crevicular fluid 82:106 gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 82:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 2 76 theme CMC-Zn 647:652 arg1 group 659:663 CMC-Zn(+)-P group 647:663 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 76 theme CMC-Zn 647:652 arg1 group 675:679 material group 666:679 material group 666:679 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 1 77 theme TNF-α 358:362 arg1 change 343:348 the change 339:348 the change 339:348 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 10 78 theme materials 1562:1570 arg1 group 1572:1576 materials group 1562:1576 materials group 1562:1576 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 10 79 from difference 1680:1689 arg1 level 1698:1702 the level 1694:1702 the level of TNF-α 1694:1711 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 9 80 from TNF-α 1424:1428 arg1 group 1456:1460 the material group 1443:1460 the material group 1443:1460 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 80 from TNF-α 1424:1428 arg1 group 1475:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 8 81 theme IL-1 1297:1300 arg1 levels 1287:1292 The levels 1283:1292 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group 1283:1333 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 8 81 theme IL-1 1297:1300 arg1 significant 1340:1350 significant 1340:1350 significant 1340:1350 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 8 81 theme IL-1 1297:1300 arg1 lower 1352:1356 lower 1352:1356 lower 1352:1356 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 1 82 theme PGE-2 368:372 arg1 level 374:378 PGE-2 level 368:378 PGE-2 level 368:378 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 11 83 theme other 1807:1811 arg1 P<0.05 1821:1826 P<0.05 1821:1826 P<0.05 1821:1826 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 11 83 theme other 1807:1811 arg1 groups 1813:1818 other groups 1807:1818 other groups (P<0.05) 1807:1827 In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 27329879 0 84 from PGE-2 73:77 arg1 fluid 102:106 gingival crevicular fluid 82:106 gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 82:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 2 85 theme -P 656:657 arg1 group 659:663 CMC-Zn(+)-P group 647:663 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 85 theme -P 656:657 arg1 group 675:679 material group 666:679 material group 666:679 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 8 86 from levels 1287:1292 arg1 group 1329:1333 composite group 1319:1333 composite group 1319:1333 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 10 87 theme brushing 1583:1590 arg1 group 1592:1596 the brushing group 1579:1596 the brushing group 1579:1596 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 2 88 theme CMC-Zn 709:714 arg1 group 721:725 brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group 698:725 the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group) 628:743 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 2 88 theme CMC-Zn 709:714 arg1 group 738:742 composite group 728:742 composite group 728:742 METHODS Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). 27329879 6 89 theme significant 1052:1062 arg1 difference 1064:1073 no significant difference 1049:1073 no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment 1049:1178 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 6 90 from difference 1064:1073 arg1 levels 1078:1083 levels 1078:1083 levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index 1078:1139 RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. 27329879 1 91 theme tissue 294:299 arg1 inflammation 301:312 periodontal tissue inflammation 282:312 periodontal tissue inflammation 282:312 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 3 92 theme crevicular 755:764 arg1 fluid 766:770 Gingival crevicular fluid 746:770 Gingival crevicular fluid before and one month after the experiment 746:812 Gingival crevicular fluid before and one month after the experiment was collected. 27329879 4 93 theme IL-1 843:846 arg1 levels 833:838 The levels 829:838 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 829:863 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 0 94 from effect 5:10 arg1 PGE-2 73:77 PGE-2 73:77 PGE-2 73:77 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 0 94 from effect 5:10 arg1 TNF-α 63:67 TNF-α 63:67 TNF-α 63:67 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 0 94 from effect 5:10 arg1 IL-1 58:61 IL-1 58:61 IL-1 58:61 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 4 95 link enzyme-linked 882:894 arg1 assay 911:915 enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay 882:915 enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay 882:915 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 9 96 from levels 1408:1413 arg1 group 1456:1460 the material group 1443:1460 the material group 1443:1460 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 96 from levels 1408:1413 arg1 group 1475:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 brushing group 1466:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 0 97 theme gingival 82:89 arg1 fluid 102:106 gingival crevicular fluid 82:106 gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 82:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 1 98 dep occurrence 252:261 arg1 the 248:250 the 248:250 the 248:250 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 1 99 theme zinc 206:209 arg1 -P） 233:235 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） 183:235 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） 183:235 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 1 100 dep PURPOSE 128:134 arg1 aimed 156:160 aimed 156:160 was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases 152:527 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 0 101 theme carboxymethyl 15:27 arg1 chitosan 29:36 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide 15:53 chitosan 29:36 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 4 102 theme enzyme-linked 882:894 arg1 assay 911:915 enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay 882:915 enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay 882:915 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 4 103 theme TNF-α 849:853 arg1 levels 833:838 The levels 829:838 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 829:863 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 10 104 theme lower 1616:1620 arg1 level 1622:1626 significantly lower level 1602:1626 significantly lower level of IL-1 1602:1634 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 12 105 theme periodontal 1877:1887 arg1 inflammation 1896:1907 periodontal tissue inflammation 1877:1907 periodontal tissue inflammation 1877:1907 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. 27329879 0 106 theme peptide 47:53 arg1 effect 5:10 [The effect 0:10 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs 0:124 [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs]. 27329879 5 107 theme statistical 1009:1019 arg1 analysis 1021:1028 statistical analysis 1009:1028 statistical analysis 1009:1028 SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. 27329879 4 108 theme PGE-2 859:863 arg1 levels 833:838 The levels 829:838 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 829:863 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 10 109 theme higher 1650:1655 arg1 level 1657:1661 significantly higher level 1636:1661 significantly higher level of PGE-2 1636:1670 Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α. 27329879 4 110 theme clinical 928:935 arg1 index 949:953 the clinical periodontal index 924:953 the clinical periodontal index 924:953 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. 27329879 12 111 theme -P 1851:1852 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1830:1840 CONCLUSIONS 1830:1840 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P 1830:1852 CONCLUSIONS CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. 27329879 8 112 dep significant 1340:1350 arg1 levels 1287:1292 The levels 1283:1292 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group 1283:1333 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 8 112 dep significant 1340:1350 arg1 significant 1340:1350 significant 1340:1350 significant 1340:1350 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 8 112 dep significant 1340:1350 arg1 lower 1352:1356 lower 1352:1356 lower 1352:1356 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008). 27329879 9 113 theme IL-1 1418:1421 arg1 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 lower 1500:1504 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 9 113 theme IL-1 1418:1421 arg1 levels 1408:1413 The levels 1404:1413 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group 1404:1479 The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). 27329879 1 114 theme new 458:460 arg1 material 472:479 a new effective material 456:479 a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases 456:527 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 27329879 1 115 theme peptide 215:221 arg1 （CMC-Zn 223:229 carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn 183:229 （CMC-Zn 223:229 PURPOSE This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases. 28709070 2 0 theme reagent 538:544 arg1 evaluation 520:529 the evaluation 516:529 the evaluation of the reagent used in alkaline pretreatment 516:574 Initially, HC was employed for the evaluation of the reagent used in alkaline pretreatment. 28709070 3 1 theme solid 742:746 arg1 composition 748:758 the solid composition 738:758 the solid composition 738:758 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 5 2 theme new 1127:1129 arg1 scheme 1010:1015 This proposed scheme 996:1015 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors 996:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 5 2 theme new 1127:1129 arg1 approach 1131:1138 an interesting new approach 1112:1138 an interesting new approach for biorefineries 1112:1156 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 0 3 theme interconnected 84:97 arg1 reactors 99:106 interconnected reactors 84:106 interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material 84:185 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 0 4 from production 8:17 arg1 saccharification 37:52 a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process 22:77 saccharification 37:52 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 0 4 from production 8:17 arg1 process 71:77 a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process 22:77 process 71:77 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 4 5 theme fractions 869:877 arg1 % 845:845 62.33% 840:845 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions 840:877 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 4 5 theme fractions 869:877 arg1 fractions 869:877 total carbohydrate fractions 850:877 total carbohydrate fractions 850:877 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 4 6 theme SSF 796:798 arg1 process 800:806 SSF process 796:806 SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB 796:837 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 0 7 theme hydrodynamic 118:129 arg1 bagasse 163:169 hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse 118:169 hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse 118:169 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 1 8 theme bioethanol 374:383 arg1 production 385:394 bioethanol production 374:394 bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 374:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 0 9 theme sugarcane 153:161 arg1 bagasse 163:169 hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse 118:169 hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse 118:169 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 0 10 theme cavitation-pretreated 131:151 arg1 bagasse 163:169 hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse 118:169 hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse 118:169 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 1 11 theme interconnected 399:412 arg1 reactors 421:428 interconnected column reactors 399:428 interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 399:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 12 theme sugarcane 203:211 arg1 bagasse 213:219 sugarcane bagasse 203:219 sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) 203:286 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 12 theme sugarcane 203:211 arg1 SCB 222:224 SCB 222:224 SCB 222:224 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 13 theme column 414:419 arg1 reactors 421:428 interconnected column reactors 399:428 interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 399:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 4 14 theme carbohydrate 856:867 arg1 fractions 869:877 total carbohydrate fractions 850:877 total carbohydrate fractions 850:877 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 4 15 theme glucose 953:959 arg1 ethanol/g 940:948 ethanol/g 940:948 ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed 940:979 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 0 16 theme Ethanol 0:6 arg1 production 8:17 Ethanol production 0:17 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 0:186 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 4 17 theme total 850:854 arg1 fractions 869:877 total carbohydrate fractions 850:877 total carbohydrate fractions 850:877 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 3 18 theme Ca 605:606 arg1 OH 608:609 Ca(OH)2 605:611 Ca(OH)2 605:611 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 18 theme Ca 605:606 arg1 NaOH 586:589 NaOH 586:589 NaOH 586:589 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 1 19 from production 385:394 arg1 reactors 421:428 interconnected column reactors 399:428 interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 399:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 5 20 theme proposed 1001:1008 arg1 scheme 1010:1015 This proposed scheme 996:1015 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors 996:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 5 20 theme proposed 1001:1008 arg1 approach 1131:1138 an interesting new approach 1112:1138 an interesting new approach for biorefineries 1112:1156 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 1 21 theme simultaneous 309:320 arg1 saccharification 322:337 simultaneous saccharification 309:337 simultaneous saccharification 309:337 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 5 22 theme column 1083:1088 arg1 reactors 1090:1097 our interconnected column reactors 1064:1097 our interconnected column reactors 1064:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 3 23 dep Alkalis 577:583 arg1 Na2CO3 597:602 Na2CO3 597:602 Na2CO3 597:602 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 23 dep Alkalis 577:583 arg1 KOH 592:594 KOH 592:594 KOH 592:594 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 23 dep Alkalis 577:583 arg1 NaOH 586:589 NaOH 586:589 NaOH 586:589 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 23 dep Alkalis 577:583 arg1 OH 608:609 Ca(OH)2 605:611 Ca(OH)2 605:611 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 1 24 theme saccharification 322:337 arg1 process 362:368 simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process 309:368 simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 309:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 4 25 theme ethanol/g 940:948 arg1 0.48g 931:935 0.48g 931:935 0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed 931:979 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 3 26 theme successive 646:655 arg1 liquor 638:643 NaOH recycled black liquor 618:643 NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) 618:664 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 26 theme successive 646:655 arg1 batches 657:663 successive batches 646:663 successive batches 646:663 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 0 27 theme simultaneous 24:35 arg1 saccharification 37:52 a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process 22:77 saccharification 37:52 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 0 28 theme raw 174:176 arg1 material 178:185 raw material 174:185 raw material 174:185 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 1 29 theme immobilized 436:446 arg1 NRRL-Y7124 473:482 immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 436:482 immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 436:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 4 30 theme pretreatment 822:833 arg1 SCB 835:837 NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB 814:837 NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB 814:837 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 2 31 theme alkaline 554:561 arg1 pretreatment 563:574 alkaline pretreatment 554:574 alkaline pretreatment 554:574 Initially, HC was employed for the evaluation of the reagent used in alkaline pretreatment. 28709070 0 32 theme fermentation 58:69 arg1 process 71:77 a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process 22:77 process 71:77 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 1 33 theme fermentation 343:354 arg1 process 362:368 simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process 309:368 simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 309:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 34 theme Scheffersomyces 448:462 arg1 NRRL-Y7124 473:482 immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 436:482 immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 436:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 5 35 theme NaOH 1032:1035 arg1 pretreatment 1037:1048 HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment 1020:1048 HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors 1020:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 5 36 theme interesting 1115:1125 arg1 scheme 1010:1015 This proposed scheme 996:1015 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors 996:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 5 36 theme interesting 1115:1125 arg1 approach 1131:1138 an interesting new approach 1112:1138 an interesting new approach for biorefineries 1112:1156 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 3 37 used used 671:674 arg2 Alkalis 577:583 Alkalis 577:583 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) 577:612 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 37 used used 671:674 arg2 batches 657:663 successive batches 646:663 successive batches 646:663 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 37 used used 671:674 arg2 liquor 638:643 NaOH recycled black liquor 618:643 NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) 618:664 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 1 38 theme stipitis 464:471 arg1 NRRL-Y7124 473:482 immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 436:482 immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124 436:482 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 5 39 theme pretreatment 1037:1048 arg1 scheme 1010:1015 This proposed scheme 996:1015 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors 996:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 5 39 theme pretreatment 1037:1048 arg1 approach 1131:1138 an interesting new approach 1112:1138 an interesting new approach for biorefineries 1112:1156 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 0 40 with production 8:17 arg1 reactors 99:106 interconnected reactors 84:106 interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material 84:185 Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material. 28709070 3 41 theme black 632:636 arg1 liquor 638:643 NaOH recycled black liquor 618:643 NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) 618:664 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 41 theme black 632:636 arg1 batches 657:663 successive batches 646:663 successive batches 646:663 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 4 42 theme xylose 965:970 arg1 ethanol/g 940:948 ethanol/g 940:948 ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed 940:979 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 3 43 theme enzymatic 768:776 arg1 digestibility 778:790 its enzymatic digestibility 764:790 its enzymatic digestibility 764:790 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 4 44 theme production 919:928 arg1 17.26g/L 899:906 17.26g/L 899:906 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) 899:980 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 3 45 theme NaOH 618:621 arg1 liquor 638:643 NaOH recycled black liquor 618:643 NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) 618:664 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 45 theme NaOH 618:621 arg1 batches 657:663 successive batches 646:663 successive batches 646:663 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 5 46 theme HC-assisted 1020:1030 arg1 pretreatment 1037:1048 HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment 1020:1048 HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors 1020:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 1 47 theme alkali 243:248 arg1 HC 284:285 HC 284:285 HC 284:285 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 47 theme alkali 243:248 arg1 cavitation 272:281 alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation 243:281 alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) 243:286 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 4 48 theme ethanol 911:917 arg1 production 919:928 ethanol production 911:928 ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) 911:980 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 3 49 theme recycled 623:630 arg1 liquor 638:643 NaOH recycled black liquor 618:643 NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) 618:664 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 3 49 theme recycled 623:630 arg1 batches 657:663 successive batches 646:663 successive batches 646:663 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 28709070 1 50 theme assisted 250:257 arg1 HC 284:285 HC 284:285 HC 284:285 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 50 theme assisted 250:257 arg1 cavitation 272:281 alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation 243:281 alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) 243:286 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 4 51 dep production 919:928 arg1 0.48g 931:935 0.48g 931:935 0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed 931:979 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 5 52 theme interconnected 1068:1081 arg1 reactors 1090:1097 our interconnected column reactors 1064:1097 our interconnected column reactors 1064:1097 This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries. 28709070 4 53 theme NaOH-HC 814:820 arg1 SCB 835:837 NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB 814:837 NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB 814:837 In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. 28709070 1 54 theme hydrodynamic 259:270 arg1 HC 284:285 HC 284:285 HC 284:285 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 1 54 theme hydrodynamic 259:270 arg1 cavitation 272:281 alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation 243:281 alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) 243:286 In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. 28709070 3 55 theme pretreatment 686:697 arg1 effectiveness 699:711 their pretreatment effectiveness 680:711 their pretreatment effectiveness 680:711 Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. 25464306 7 0 theme cadmium 1218:1224 arg1 sorption 1231:1238 cadmium (II) sorption 1218:1238 cadmium (II) sorption 1218:1238 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 3 1 theme synthesized 734:744 arg1 organosilicas 746:758 synthesized organosilicas 734:758 synthesized organosilicas 734:758 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 5 2 theme multi-component 909:923 arg1 solutions 925:933 multi-component solutions 909:933 multi-component solutions 909:933 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 1 3 theme thiosemicarbazidoacetyl 278:300 arg1 groups 302:307 thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups 278:307 thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups 278:307 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 1 3 theme thiosemicarbazidoacetyl 278:300 arg1 alcohol 256:262 alcohol 256:262 alcohol 256:262 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 3 4 theme hardness 716:723 arg1 salts 725:729 hardness salts 716:729 hardness salts 716:729 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 6 5 theme Freundlich 1136:1145 arg1 equations 1147:1155 Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1123:1155 Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1123:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 0 6 theme β-cyclodextrin 96:109 arg1 derivatives 81:91 some derivatives 76:91 some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin 76:109 Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of silica modified with some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin. 25464306 3 7 theme salts 725:729 arg1 excess 706:711 ten- and hundred-fold excess 684:711 ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts 684:729 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 5 8 from solutions 925:933 arg1 sorption 862:869 The sorption 858:869 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions 858:933 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 8 9 theme cadmium 1496:1502 arg1 sorption 1509:1516 cadmium (II) sorption 1496:1516 cadmium (II) sorption 1496:1516 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 9 10 theme Chemical 1519:1526 arg1 composition 1528:1538 Chemical composition 1519:1538 Chemical composition of supermolecules 1519:1556 Chemical composition of supermolecules depends on the structure of surface active centers. 25464306 6 11 theme sorption 1100:1107 arg1 parameters 1109:1118 the sorption parameters 1096:1118 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 6 12 theme Langmuir 1123:1130 arg1 equations 1147:1155 Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1123:1155 Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1123:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 6 13 theme equations 1147:1155 arg1 parameters 1109:1118 the sorption parameters 1096:1118 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 6 13 theme equations 1147:1155 arg1 Coefficients 1040:1051 Coefficients 1040:1051 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 6 14 theme distribution 1056:1067 arg1 parameters 1109:1118 the sorption parameters 1096:1118 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 6 14 theme distribution 1056:1067 arg1 Coefficients 1040:1051 Coefficients 1040:1051 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 4 15 theme sorption 812:819 arg1 equilibrium 821:831 the sorption equilibrium 808:831 the sorption equilibrium 808:831 It has been demonstrated that the sorption equilibrium is reached after 30 min. 25464306 1 16 theme wide 200:203 arg1 edge 205:208 wide edge 200:208 wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 200:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 7 17 theme driving 1201:1207 arg1 force 1209:1213 the driving force 1197:1213 the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1197:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 7 17 theme driving 1201:1207 arg1 formation 1310:1318 the formation 1306:1318 the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion" 1306:1372 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 5 18 theme hardness 992:999 arg1 salts 1001:1005 hardness salts 992:1005 hardness salts 992:1005 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 1 19 theme edge 205:208 arg1 substituents 184:195 functional substituents 173:195 functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 173:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 2 20 theme electron 493:500 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 9 21 theme supermolecules 1543:1556 arg1 composition 1528:1538 Chemical composition 1519:1538 Chemical composition of supermolecules 1519:1556 Chemical composition of supermolecules depends on the structure of surface active centers. 25464306 9 22 theme surface 1586:1592 arg1 centers 1601:1607 surface active centers 1586:1607 surface active centers 1586:1607 Chemical composition of supermolecules depends on the structure of surface active centers. 25464306 7 23 theme functional 1258:1267 arg1 silicas 1295:1301 functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1258:1301 functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1258:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 7 24 theme inclusion 1323:1331 arg1 complexes 1333:1341 inclusion complexes 1323:1341 inclusion complexes 1323:1341 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 2 25 theme scanning 484:491 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 26 theme chemical 351:358 arg1 composition 360:370 chemical composition 351:370 chemical composition 351:370 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 1 27 theme attached 213:220 arg1 molecules 245:253 attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules 213:253 attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 213:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 5 28 theme trace 874:878 arg1 cadmium 891:897 cadmium 891:897 cadmium (II) 891:902 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 5 28 theme trace 874:878 arg1 amounts 880:886 trace amounts 874:886 trace amounts of cadmium (II) 874:902 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 5 28 theme trace 874:878 arg1 II 900:901 II 900:901 II 900:901 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 8 29 theme synthesized 1455:1465 arg1 organosilicas 1467:1479 synthesized organosilicas 1455:1479 synthesized organosilicas 1455:1479 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 2 30 theme solid 608:612 arg1 surface 614:620 solid surface 608:620 solid surface 608:620 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 8 31 theme structures 1426:1435 arg1 result 1486:1491 a result 1484:1491 a result of cadmium (II) sorption 1484:1516 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 8 31 theme structures 1426:1435 arg1 formation 1398:1406 the formation 1394:1406 the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas 1394:1479 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 9 32 theme centers 1601:1607 arg1 structure 1573:1581 the structure 1569:1581 the structure of surface active centers 1569:1607 Chemical composition of supermolecules depends on the structure of surface active centers. 25464306 1 33 theme cyclic 222:227 arg1 molecules 245:253 attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules 213:253 attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 213:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 9 34 theme active 1594:1599 arg1 centers 1601:1607 surface active centers 1586:1607 surface active centers 1586:1607 Chemical composition of supermolecules depends on the structure of surface active centers. 25464306 1 35 theme Nanoporous 112:121 arg1 silicas 149:155 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 112:155 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 112:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 1 36 theme oligosaccharide 229:243 arg1 molecules 245:253 attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules 213:253 attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 213:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 2 37 dep structure 337:345 arg1 The 333:335 The 333:335 The 333:335 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 3 38 theme ten- 684:687 arg1 excess 706:711 ten- and hundred-fold excess 684:711 ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts 684:729 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 8 39 theme supramolecular 1411:1424 arg1 structures 1426:1435 supramolecular structures 1411:1435 supramolecular structures 1411:1435 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 5 40 dep hard 1028:1031 arg1 water 1033:1037 water 1033:1037 water 1033:1037 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 1 41 theme molecules 245:253 arg1 edge 205:208 wide edge 200:208 wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 200:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 0 42 theme sorption 32:39 arg1 properties 41:50 sorption properties 32:50 sorption properties 32:50 Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of silica modified with some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin. 25464306 2 43 theme IR 514:515 arg1 spectroscopy 517:528 IR spectroscopy 514:528 IR spectroscopy 514:528 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 7 44 from force 1209:1213 arg1 surface 1247:1253 the surface 1243:1253 the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1243:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 3 45 theme cadmium 652:658 arg1 II 661:662 II 661:662 II 661:662 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 3 45 theme cadmium 652:658 arg1 cadmium 652:658 cadmium 652:658 cadmium (II) 652:663 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 3 45 theme cadmium 652:658 arg1 amounts 641:647 trace amounts 635:647 trace amounts of cadmium (II) 635:663 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 5 46 theme amounts 880:886 arg1 sorption 862:869 The sorption 858:869 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions 858:933 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 2 47 theme thermal 439:445 arg1 stability 447:455 thermal stability 439:455 thermal stability 439:455 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 0 48 theme silica 55:60 arg1 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of silica modified with some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin. 25464306 0 48 theme silica 55:60 arg1 properties 41:50 sorption properties 32:50 sorption properties 32:50 Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of silica modified with some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin. 25464306 0 48 theme silica 55:60 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of silica modified with some derivatives of β-cyclodextrin. 25464306 3 49 theme trace 635:639 arg1 II 661:662 II 661:662 II 661:662 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 3 49 theme trace 635:639 arg1 cadmium 652:658 cadmium 652:658 cadmium (II) 652:663 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 3 49 theme trace 635:639 arg1 amounts 641:647 trace amounts 635:647 trace amounts of cadmium (II) 635:663 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 1 50 theme β-cyclodextrin-containing 123:147 arg1 silicas 149:155 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 112:155 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 112:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 2 51 theme chemical 587:594 arg1 analyses 596:603 chemical analyses 587:603 chemical analyses of solid surface 587:620 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 7 52 theme complexes 1333:1341 arg1 formation 1310:1318 the formation 1306:1318 the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion" 1306:1372 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 7 52 theme complexes 1333:1341 arg1 force 1209:1213 the driving force 1197:1213 the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1197:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 3 53 theme excess 706:711 arg1 presence 672:679 the presence 668:679 the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts 668:729 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 3 54 theme amounts 641:647 arg1 Sorption 623:630 Sorption 623:630 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas 623:758 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 7 55 theme β-cyclodextrin-containing 1269:1293 arg1 silicas 1295:1301 functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1258:1301 functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1258:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 2 56 theme surface 379:385 arg1 stability 447:455 thermal stability 439:455 thermal stability 439:455 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 56 theme surface 379:385 arg1 porosity 388:395 porosity 388:395 porosity of obtained materials 388:417 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 56 theme surface 379:385 arg1 structure 337:345 structure 337:345 structure 337:345 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 56 theme surface 379:385 arg1 composition 360:370 chemical composition 351:370 chemical composition 351:370 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 8 57 theme organosilicas 1467:1479 arg1 surface 1444:1450 the surface 1440:1450 the surface of synthesized organosilicas 1440:1479 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 5 58 theme salts 1001:1005 arg1 presence 980:987 the presence 976:987 the presence of hardness salts 976:1005 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 1 59 dep molecules 245:253 arg1 bromoacetyl 265:275 bromoacetyl 265:275 bromoacetyl 265:275 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 1 59 dep molecules 245:253 arg1 groups 302:307 thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups 278:307 thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups 278:307 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 1 59 dep molecules 245:253 arg1 alcohol 256:262 alcohol 256:262 alcohol 256:262 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 2 60 theme surface 614:620 arg1 elemental 573:581 elemental 573:581 elemental 573:581 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 60 theme surface 614:620 arg1 thermogravimetry 531:546 thermogravimetry 531:546 thermogravimetry 531:546 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 60 theme surface 614:620 arg1 analyses 596:603 chemical analyses 587:603 chemical analyses of solid surface 587:620 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 60 theme surface 614:620 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 60 theme surface 614:620 arg1 ad-desorption 558:570 nitrogen ad-desorption 549:570 nitrogen ad-desorption 549:570 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 60 theme surface 614:620 arg1 spectroscopy 517:528 IR spectroscopy 514:528 IR spectroscopy 514:528 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 6 61 theme selectivity 1073:1083 arg1 parameters 1109:1118 the sorption parameters 1096:1118 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 6 61 theme selectivity 1073:1083 arg1 Coefficients 1040:1051 Coefficients 1040:1051 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations 1040:1155 Coefficients of distribution and selectivity as well as the sorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been calculated. 25464306 2 62 theme obtained 400:407 arg1 materials 409:417 obtained materials 400:417 obtained materials 400:417 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 3 63 from Sorption 623:630 arg1 presence 672:679 the presence 668:679 the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts 668:729 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 2 64 theme nitrogen 549:556 arg1 ad-desorption 558:570 nitrogen ad-desorption 549:570 nitrogen ad-desorption 549:570 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 3 65 theme hundred-fold 693:704 arg1 excess 706:711 ten- and hundred-fold excess 684:711 ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts 684:729 Sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) in the presence of ten- and hundred-fold excess of hardness salts by synthesized organosilicas has been studied. 25464306 7 66 theme " 1372:1372 arg1 formation 1310:1318 the formation 1306:1318 the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion" 1306:1372 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 7 66 theme " 1372:1372 arg1 force 1209:1213 the driving force 1197:1213 the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1197:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 8 67 from formation 1398:1406 arg1 surface 1444:1450 the surface 1440:1450 the surface of synthesized organosilicas 1440:1479 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 2 68 theme materials 409:417 arg1 stability 447:455 thermal stability 439:455 thermal stability 439:455 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 68 theme materials 409:417 arg1 porosity 388:395 porosity 388:395 porosity of obtained materials 388:417 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 68 theme materials 409:417 arg1 structure 337:345 structure 337:345 structure 337:345 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 2 68 theme materials 409:417 arg1 composition 360:370 chemical composition 351:370 chemical composition 351:370 The structure and chemical composition of the surface, porosity of obtained materials, their chemical and thermal stability have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, nitrogen ad-desorption, elemental and chemical analyses of solid surface. 25464306 5 69 theme cadmium 891:897 arg1 cadmium 891:897 cadmium 891:897 cadmium (II) 891:902 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 5 69 theme cadmium 891:897 arg1 amounts 880:886 trace amounts 874:886 trace amounts of cadmium (II) 874:902 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 5 69 theme cadmium 891:897 arg1 II 900:901 II 900:901 II 900:901 The sorption of trace amounts of cadmium (II) from multi-component solutions does not decrease, but even increases in the presence of hardness salts, simulating soft and hard water. 25464306 8 70 theme sorption 1509:1516 arg1 result 1486:1491 a result 1484:1491 a result of cadmium (II) sorption 1484:1516 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 8 70 theme sorption 1509:1516 arg1 formation 1398:1406 the formation 1394:1406 the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas 1394:1479 It has been proved the formation of supramolecular structures on the surface of synthesized organosilicas as a result of cadmium (II) sorption. 25464306 7 71 theme silicas 1295:1301 arg1 surface 1247:1253 the surface 1243:1253 the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1243:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 1 72 theme functional 173:182 arg1 substituents 184:195 functional substituents 173:195 functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) 173:308 Nanoporous β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas which differ by functional substituents of wide edge of attached cyclic oligosaccharide molecules (alcohol, bromoacetyl, thiosemicarbazidoacetyl groups) have been synthesized. 25464306 7 73 theme sorption 1231:1238 arg1 force 1209:1213 the driving force 1197:1213 the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas 1197:1301 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25464306 7 73 theme sorption 1231:1238 arg1 formation 1310:1318 the formation 1306:1318 the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion" 1306:1372 It was found that the driving force of cadmium (II) sorption on the surface of functional β-cyclodextrin-containing silicas is the formation of inclusion complexes "β-cyclodextrin-nitrate-anion". 25256570 3 0 theme conductive 542:551 arg1 thermoplastic 579:591 thermoplastic 579:591 thermoplastic 579:591 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 3 0 theme conductive 542:551 arg1 hydrogel 560:567 a conductive, smart hydrogel 540:567 a conductive, smart hydrogel 540:567 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 2 1 used utilized 305:312 arg2 hydrogels 275:283 conductive hydrogels 264:283 conductive hydrogels 264:283 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 2 1 used utilized 305:312 arg2 bioelectrodes 317:329 bioelectrodes 317:329 bioelectrodes 317:329 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 1 2 theme Conductive 88:97 arg1 hydrogels 99:107 Conductive hydrogels 88:107 Conductive hydrogels 88:107 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 1 2 theme Conductive 88:97 arg1 class 115:119 a class 113:119 a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers 113:191 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 4 3 used utilized 780:787 arg2 hydrogel 762:769 our conductive hydrogel 747:769 our conductive hydrogel 747:769 In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. 25256570 5 4 theme electronic 1015:1024 arg1 skin 1026:1029 electronic skin 1015:1029 electronic skin 1015:1029 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 4 5 theme bendable 802:809 arg1 electrodes 841:850 bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes 802:850 bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes 802:850 In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. 25256570 5 6 theme excellent 880:888 arg1 properties 913:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties 876:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel 876:938 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 2 7 theme mechanical 435:444 arg1 properties 446:455 the mechanical properties 431:455 the mechanical properties 431:455 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 4 8 theme stretchable 812:822 arg1 electrodes 841:850 bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes 802:850 bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes 802:850 In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. 25256570 3 9 dep conductive 542:551 arg1 smart 554:558 smart 554:558 smart 554:558 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 2 10 theme electrodes 488:497 arg1 properties 446:455 the mechanical properties 431:455 the mechanical properties 431:455 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 2 10 theme electrodes 488:497 arg1 stability 471:479 long-term stability 461:479 long-term stability 461:479 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 2 11 theme neuroprosthetic 345:359 arg1 bioelectrodes 317:329 bioelectrodes 317:329 bioelectrodes 317:329 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 2 11 theme neuroprosthetic 345:359 arg1 electrodes 361:370 neuroprosthetic electrodes 345:370 specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes 332:370 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 1 12 theme composite 124:132 arg1 materials 134:142 composite materials 124:142 composite materials 124:142 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 5 13 theme biomedical 983:992 arg1 applications 994:1005 biomedical applications 983:1005 biomedical applications such as electronic skin 983:1029 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 5 13 theme biomedical 983:992 arg1 skin 1026:1029 electronic skin 1015:1029 electronic skin 1015:1029 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 2 14 theme mechanical 205:214 arg1 similarity 216:225 the mechanical similarity 201:225 the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin 201:261 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 1 15 theme materials 134:142 arg1 hydrogels 99:107 Conductive hydrogels 88:107 Conductive hydrogels 88:107 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 1 15 theme materials 134:142 arg1 class 115:119 a class 113:119 a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers 113:191 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 2 16 theme long-term 461:469 arg1 stability 471:479 long-term stability 461:479 long-term stability 461:479 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 3 17 theme thermal 696:702 arg1 stimuli 704:710 thermal stimuli 696:710 thermal stimuli 696:710 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 4 18 theme human 864:868 arg1 skin 870:873 human skin 864:873 human skin 864:873 In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. 25256570 5 19 theme mechanical 890:899 arg1 properties 913:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties 876:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel 876:938 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 5 20 theme thermal 905:911 arg1 properties 913:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties 876:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel 876:938 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 2 21 theme human 252:256 arg1 skin 258:261 human skin 252:261 human skin 252:261 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 4 22 theme conductive 751:760 arg1 hydrogel 762:769 our conductive hydrogel 747:769 our conductive hydrogel 747:769 In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. 25256570 2 23 theme living 506:511 arg1 organisms 513:521 living organisms 506:521 living organisms 506:521 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 3 24 theme unique 623:628 arg1 properties 630:639 its unique properties 619:639 its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation 619:679 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 3 25 theme liquefaction 655:666 arg1 properties 630:639 its unique properties 619:639 its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation 619:679 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 4 26 theme patternable 829:839 arg1 electrodes 841:850 bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes 802:850 bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes 802:850 In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. 25256570 5 27 theme applications 994:1005 arg1 applications 994:1005 biomedical applications 983:1005 biomedical applications such as electronic skin 983:1029 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 5 27 theme applications 994:1005 arg1 skin 1026:1029 electronic skin 1015:1029 electronic skin 1015:1029 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 5 27 theme applications 994:1005 arg1 variety 972:978 a variety 970:978 a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin 970:1029 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 3 28 theme gelation 672:679 arg1 properties 630:639 its unique properties 619:639 its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation 619:679 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 1 29 theme hydrated 160:167 arg1 polymers 184:191 hydrated and conducting polymers 160:191 hydrated and conducting polymers 160:191 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 3 30 theme reversible 644:653 arg1 liquefaction 655:666 reversible liquefaction 644:666 reversible liquefaction 644:666 Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. 25256570 1 31 theme conducting 173:182 arg1 polymers 184:191 hydrated and conducting polymers 160:191 hydrated and conducting polymers 160:191 Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. 25256570 5 32 theme hydrogel 931:938 arg1 properties 913:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties 876:922 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel 876:938 The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin. 25256570 2 33 theme conductive 264:273 arg1 hydrogels 275:283 conductive hydrogels 264:283 conductive hydrogels 264:283 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 2 33 theme conductive 264:273 arg1 bioelectrodes 317:329 bioelectrodes 317:329 bioelectrodes 317:329 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 25256570 2 34 theme metallic 398:405 arg1 electrodes 407:416 metallic electrodes 398:416 metallic electrodes 398:416 Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. 27713974 3 0 theme gastric 410:416 arg1 model 418:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 0 theme gastric 410:416 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 7 1 from colonization 924:935 arg1 intestine 997:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 2 2 theme microbiota 306:315 arg1 composition 277:287 the composition 273:287 the composition of the human gut microbiota 273:315 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 0 3 from effect 4:9 arg1 composition 68:78 the in vitro composition 55:78 the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota 55:100 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 1 4 theme human 121:125 arg1 microbiota 131:140 the human gut microbiota 117:140 the human gut microbiota 117:140 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 6 5 theme acids 848:852 arg1 production 816:825 the greatest production 803:825 the greatest production of short chain fatty acids 803:852 FOS resulted in the greatest production of short chain fatty acids. 27713974 7 6 theme human 985:989 arg1 intestine 997:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 4 7 theme FOS 639:641 arg1 addition 614:621 the addition 610:621 the addition of either SR or FOS 610:641 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 4 8 theme bifidobacteria 532:545 arg1 numbers 521:527 the numbers 517:527 the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli 517:562 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 6 9 theme fatty 842:846 arg1 acids 848:852 short chain fatty acids 830:852 short chain fatty acids 830:852 FOS resulted in the greatest production of short chain fatty acids. 27713974 0 10 theme in 59:60 arg1 composition 68:78 the in vitro composition 55:78 the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota 55:100 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 7 11 theme large 991:995 arg1 intestine 997:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 4 12 dep addition 614:621 arg1 response 598:605 response 598:605 response 598:605 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 4 13 located observed 568:575 arg2 increase 505:512 An increase 502:512 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli 502:562 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 4 13 located observed 568:575 arg1 addition 614:621 the addition 610:621 the addition of either SR or FOS 610:641 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 3 14 theme duodenal 427:434 arg1 model 436:440 a duodenal model 425:440 a duodenal model 425:440 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 14 theme duodenal 427:434 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 4 15 theme lactobacilli 551:562 arg1 numbers 521:527 the numbers 517:527 the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli 517:562 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 1 16 theme gut 127:129 arg1 microbiota 131:140 the human gut microbiota 117:140 the human gut microbiota 117:140 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 6 17 theme chain 836:840 arg1 acids 848:852 short chain fatty acids 830:852 short chain fatty acids 830:852 FOS resulted in the greatest production of short chain fatty acids. 27713974 0 18 dep in 59:60 arg1 vitro 62:66 vitro 62:66 vitro 62:66 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 7 19 dep demonstrated 873:884 arg1 promote 912:918 promote 912:918 to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine 909:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 7 19 dep demonstrated 873:884 arg1 stimulate 1014:1022 stimulate 1014:1022 to stimulate the production of organic acids 1011:1054 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 1 20 theme microbiota 131:140 arg1 Modulation 103:112 Modulation 103:112 Modulation of the human gut microbiota 103:140 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 7 21 theme acids 1050:1054 arg1 production 1028:1037 the production 1024:1037 the production of organic acids 1024:1054 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 7 22 theme beneficial 958:967 arg1 bacteria 969:976 beneficial bacteria 958:976 beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine 958:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 7 23 dep colonization 924:935 arg1 the 920:922 the 920:922 the 920:922 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 2 24 theme sun-dried 247:255 arg1 SR 266:267 SR 266:267 SR 266:267 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 2 24 theme sun-dried 247:255 arg1 raisins 257:263 sun-dried raisins 247:263 sun-dried raisins (SR) 247:268 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 5 25 from decrease 688:695 arg1 Bacteroidetes 715:727 Bacteroidetes 715:727 Bacteroidetes 715:727 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 5 25 from decrease 688:695 arg1 Firmicutes 700:709 Firmicutes 700:709 Firmicutes 700:709 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 2 26 theme human 296:300 arg1 microbiota 306:315 the human gut microbiota 292:315 the human gut microbiota 292:315 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 6 27 theme short 830:834 arg1 acids 848:852 short chain fatty acids 830:852 short chain fatty acids 830:852 FOS resulted in the greatest production of short chain fatty acids. 27713974 7 28 theme bacteria 969:976 arg1 proliferation 941:953 proliferation 941:953 proliferation 941:953 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 7 28 theme bacteria 969:976 arg1 colonization 924:935 colonization 924:935 colonization 924:935 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 5 29 theme SR 745:746 arg1 samples 748:754 SR samples 745:754 SR samples 745:754 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 0 30 theme sun-dried 14:22 arg1 raisins 24:30 sun-dried raisins 14:30 sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) 14:50 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 0 30 theme sun-dried 14:22 arg1 vinifera 39:46 Vitis vinifera L. 33:49 Vitis vinifera L. 33:49 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 7 31 from bacteria 969:976 arg1 intestine 997:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 0 32 theme gut 87:89 arg1 microbiota 91:100 the gut microbiota 83:100 the gut microbiota 83:100 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 3 33 theme colonic 448:454 arg1 model 456:460 a colonic model 446:460 a colonic model 446:460 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 33 theme colonic 448:454 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 34 theme intestine 481:489 arg1 model 456:460 a colonic model 446:460 a colonic model 446:460 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 34 theme intestine 481:489 arg1 model 436:440 a duodenal model 425:440 a duodenal model 425:440 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 34 theme intestine 481:489 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 7 35 theme organic 1042:1048 arg1 acids 1050:1054 organic acids 1042:1054 organic acids 1042:1054 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 5 36 located observed 733:740 arg2 decrease 688:695 A significant decrease 674:695 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes 674:727 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 5 36 located observed 733:740 arg1 samples 748:754 SR samples 745:754 SR samples 745:754 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 3 37 theme simulated 377:385 arg1 mastication 387:397 simulated mastication 377:397 simulated mastication 377:397 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 38 theme full 320:323 arg1 model 418:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 38 theme full 320:323 arg1 model 456:460 a colonic model 446:460 a colonic model 446:460 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 38 theme full 320:323 arg1 model 436:440 a duodenal model 425:440 a duodenal model 425:440 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 38 theme full 320:323 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 6 39 theme greatest 807:814 arg1 production 816:825 the greatest production 803:825 the greatest production of short chain fatty acids 803:852 FOS resulted in the greatest production of short chain fatty acids. 27713974 0 40 dep vinifera 39:46 arg1 L. 48:49 Vitis vinifera L. 33:49 Vitis vinifera L. 33:49 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 4 41 from increase 505:512 arg1 numbers 521:527 the numbers 517:527 the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli 517:562 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 1 42 theme beneficial 161:170 arg1 effects 172:178 beneficial effects 161:178 beneficial effects 161:178 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 0 43 theme raisins 24:30 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 0:101 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 0 44 theme microbiota 91:100 arg1 composition 68:78 the in vitro composition 55:78 the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota 55:100 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 5 45 theme significant 676:686 arg1 decrease 688:695 A significant decrease 674:695 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes 674:727 A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 3 46 theme gastrointestinal 338:353 arg1 tract 355:359 the gastrointestinal tract 334:359 the gastrointestinal tract 334:359 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 47 theme human 469:473 arg1 intestine 481:489 the human large intestine 465:489 the human large intestine 465:489 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 7 48 theme considerable 886:897 arg1 potential 899:907 considerable potential 886:907 considerable potential 886:907 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 0 49 theme Vitis 33:37 arg1 raisins 24:30 sun-dried raisins 14:30 sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) 14:50 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 0 49 theme Vitis 33:37 arg1 vinifera 39:46 Vitis vinifera L. 33:49 Vitis vinifera L. 33:49 The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. 27713974 7 50 from intestine 997:1005 arg1 proliferation 941:953 proliferation 941:953 proliferation 941:953 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 7 50 from intestine 997:1005 arg1 colonization 924:935 colonization 924:935 colonization 924:935 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 3 51 theme large 475:479 arg1 intestine 481:489 the human large intestine 465:489 the human large intestine 465:489 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 7 52 theme Sun-dried 855:863 arg1 raisins 865:871 Sun-dried raisins 855:871 Sun-dried raisins 855:871 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 3 53 theme dynamic 402:408 arg1 model 418:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 53 theme dynamic 402:408 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 4 54 theme SR 633:634 arg1 addition 614:621 the addition 610:621 the addition of either SR or FOS 610:641 An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. 27713974 2 55 theme work 212:215 arg1 aim 200:202 The aim 196:202 The aim of this work 196:215 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 1 56 contain have 156:159 arg2 effects 172:178 beneficial effects 161:178 beneficial effects 161:178 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 1 56 contain have 156:159 arg1 Modulation 103:112 Modulation 103:112 Modulation of the human gut microbiota 103:140 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 2 57 theme raisins 257:263 arg1 effect 237:242 the effect 233:242 the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota 233:315 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 1 58 theme host 183:186 arg1 health 188:193 host health 183:193 host health 183:193 Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. 27713974 3 59 theme tract 355:359 arg1 model 418:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 59 theme tract 355:359 arg1 model 456:460 a colonic model 446:460 a colonic model 446:460 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 59 theme tract 355:359 arg1 model 436:440 a duodenal model 425:440 a duodenal model 425:440 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 59 theme tract 355:359 arg1 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 60 used used 496:499 arg2 model 325:329 A full model 318:329 A full model 318:329 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 60 used used 496:499 arg2 model 418:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 a dynamic gastric model 400:422 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 60 used used 496:499 arg2 model 456:460 a colonic model 446:460 a colonic model 446:460 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 3 60 used used 496:499 arg2 model 436:440 a duodenal model 425:440 a duodenal model 425:440 A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. 27713974 2 61 theme gut 302:304 arg1 microbiota 306:315 the human gut microbiota 292:315 the human gut microbiota 292:315 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 27713974 7 62 from proliferation 941:953 arg1 intestine 997:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 the human large intestine 981:1005 Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids. 27713974 2 63 from effect 237:242 arg1 composition 277:287 the composition 273:287 the composition of the human gut microbiota 273:315 The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. 28437643 3 0 theme high 474:477 arg1 times 465:469 three times 459:469 three times as high as the conversion of BMW80 459:504 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. 28437643 7 1 theme smaller 875:881 arg1 size 892:895 smaller particle size 875:895 smaller particle size 875:895 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 0 2 theme cellulose 59:67 arg1 nanocrystals 69:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 0:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 0:104 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 0 3 theme ball-milled 87:97 arg1 woods 99:103 ball-milled woods 87:103 ball-milled woods 87:103 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 7 4 theme multiple 945:952 arg1 processes 954:962 the multiple processes 941:962 the multiple processes 941:962 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 5 5 theme 88.16g/L 585:592 arg1 concentration 609:621 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration 585:621 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration 585:621 57.72g/L and 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration, respectively, were harvested from HR80 and HR120, and 42.6±0.5% lignin were removed. 28437643 2 6 theme particle 282:289 arg1 sizes 291:295 two particle sizes 278:295 two particle sizes 278:295 Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes were prepared by ball milling for 80min or 120min (BMW80, BMW120) and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. 28437643 1 7 theme large-scale 162:172 arg1 co-production 174:186 the large-scale co-production 158:186 the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 158:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 3 8 theme 78.3 398:401 arg1 % 402:402 % 402:402 % 402:402 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. 28437643 3 9 theme BMW80 500:504 arg1 conversion 486:495 the conversion 482:495 the conversion of BMW80 482:504 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. 28437643 3 10 theme BMW120 428:433 arg1 conversion 414:423 78.3% cellulose conversion 398:423 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 398:433 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. 28437643 0 11 theme co-production 2:14 arg1 nanocrystals 69:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 0:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 0:104 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 3 12 theme cellulose 404:412 arg1 conversion 414:423 78.3% cellulose conversion 398:423 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 398:433 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. 28437643 2 13 theme ball 314:317 arg1 milling 319:325 ball milling 314:325 ball milling 314:325 Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes were prepared by ball milling for 80min or 120min (BMW80, BMW120) and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. 28437643 1 14 theme sugars 191:196 arg1 co-production 174:186 the large-scale co-production 158:186 the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 158:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 0 15 theme sugars 19:24 arg1 cellulose 59:67 cellulose 59:67 cellulose 59:67 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 0 15 theme sugars 19:24 arg1 lignosulfonates 27:41 lignosulfonates 27:41 lignosulfonates 27:41 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 0 15 theme sugars 19:24 arg1 co-production 2:14 A co-production 0:14 A co-production of sugars 0:24 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 0 15 theme sugars 19:24 arg1 cellulose 44:52 cellulose 44:52 cellulose 44:52 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 4 16 theme hydrolyzed 511:520 arg1 residues 522:529 The hydrolyzed residues 507:529 The hydrolyzed residues (HRs) 507:535 The hydrolyzed residues (HRs) were neutrally sulfonated cooking. 28437643 4 16 theme hydrolyzed 511:520 arg1 HRs 532:534 HRs 532:534 HRs 532:534 The hydrolyzed residues (HRs) were neutrally sulfonated cooking. 28437643 2 17 dep 120min 340:345 arg1 BMW120 355:360 BMW120 355:360 BMW120 355:360 Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes were prepared by ball milling for 80min or 120min (BMW80, BMW120) and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. 28437643 7 18 theme average 975:981 arg1 ratio 990:994 the average aspect ratio 971:994 the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals 971:1024 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 7 18 theme average 975:981 arg1 larger 1030:1035 larger 1030:1035 larger 1030:1035 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 1 19 theme lignosulfonates 199:213 arg1 co-production 174:186 the large-scale co-production 158:186 the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 158:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 0 20 theme lignosulfonates 27:41 arg1 nanocrystals 69:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 0:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 0:104 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 5 21 theme 42.6±0.5 678:685 arg1 % 686:686 % 686:686 % 686:686 57.72g/L and 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration, respectively, were harvested from HR80 and HR120, and 42.6±0.5% lignin were removed. 28437643 3 22 theme % 402:402 arg1 conversion 414:423 78.3% cellulose conversion 398:423 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 398:433 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. 28437643 5 23 theme % 686:686 arg1 lignin 688:693 42.6±0.5% lignin 678:693 42.6±0.5% lignin 678:693 57.72g/L and 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration, respectively, were harvested from HR80 and HR120, and 42.6±0.5% lignin were removed. 28437643 6 24 theme cellulose 829:837 arg1 nanocrystals 839:850 cellulose nanocrystals 829:850 cellulose nanocrystals 829:850 The subsequent solid residuals were purified to produce cellulose and then this material was acid-hydrolyzed to produce cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 1 25 theme cellulose 216:224 arg1 co-production 174:186 the large-scale co-production 158:186 the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 158:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 0 26 theme cellulose 44:52 arg1 nanocrystals 69:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 0:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 0:104 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 7 27 theme nanocrystals 1013:1024 arg1 ratio 990:994 the average aspect ratio 971:994 the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals 971:1024 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 7 27 theme nanocrystals 1013:1024 arg1 larger 1030:1035 larger 1030:1035 larger 1030:1035 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 6 28 theme solid 724:728 arg1 residuals 730:738 The subsequent solid residuals 709:738 The subsequent solid residuals 709:738 The subsequent solid residuals were purified to produce cellulose and then this material was acid-hydrolyzed to produce cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 8 29 theme materials 1064:1072 arg1 crystallinity 1042:1054 The crystallinity 1038:1054 The crystallinity of both materials 1038:1072 The crystallinity of both materials increased with each step of wet processing, reaching to 74% for the cellulose. 28437643 5 30 theme lignosulfonate 594:607 arg1 concentration 609:621 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration 585:621 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration 585:621 57.72g/L and 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration, respectively, were harvested from HR80 and HR120, and 42.6±0.5% lignin were removed. 28437643 6 31 theme subsequent 713:722 arg1 residuals 730:738 The subsequent solid residuals 709:738 The subsequent solid residuals 709:738 The subsequent solid residuals were purified to produce cellulose and then this material was acid-hydrolyzed to produce cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 2 32 with woods 267:271 arg1 sizes 291:295 two particle sizes 278:295 two particle sizes 278:295 Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes were prepared by ball milling for 80min or 120min (BMW80, BMW120) and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. 28437643 0 33 from woods 99:103 arg1 nanocrystals 69:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 0:80 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 0:104 A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. 28437643 7 34 theme aspect 983:988 arg1 ratio 990:994 the average aspect ratio 971:994 the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals 971:1024 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 7 34 theme aspect 983:988 arg1 larger 1030:1035 larger 1030:1035 larger 1030:1035 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 7 35 theme aspect 901:906 arg1 ratio 908:912 aspect ratio 901:912 aspect ratio 901:912 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 7 36 theme cellulose 1003:1011 arg1 nanocrystals 1013:1024 its cellulose nanocrystals 999:1024 its cellulose nanocrystals 999:1024 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 7 37 theme particle 883:890 arg1 size 892:895 smaller particle size 875:895 smaller particle size 875:895 The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. 28437643 8 38 theme processing 1106:1115 arg1 step 1094:1097 each step 1089:1097 each step of wet processing 1089:1115 The crystallinity of both materials increased with each step of wet processing, reaching to 74% for the cellulose. 28437643 2 39 theme Ball-milled 255:265 arg1 woods 267:271 Ball-milled woods 255:271 Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes 255:295 Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes were prepared by ball milling for 80min or 120min (BMW80, BMW120) and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. 28437643 1 40 theme technical 134:142 arg1 potential 144:152 the technical potential 130:152 the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 130:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 1 41 theme cellulose 231:239 arg1 nanocrystals 241:252 cellulose nanocrystals 231:252 cellulose nanocrystals 231:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 28437643 8 42 theme wet 1102:1104 arg1 processing 1106:1115 wet processing 1102:1115 wet processing 1102:1115 The crystallinity of both materials increased with each step of wet processing, reaching to 74% for the cellulose. 28437643 1 43 theme nanocrystals 241:252 arg1 co-production 174:186 the large-scale co-production 158:186 the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals 158:252 This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. 24528700 5 0 theme liquid 1079:1084 arg1 drainage 1067:1074 a low drainage 1061:1074 a low drainage of liquid 1061:1084 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 3 1 theme pectin 742:747 arg1 μm 774:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 1 theme pectin 742:747 arg1 55:1 755:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 734:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral 734:801 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 2 theme 8.19 700:703 arg1 size 686:689 larger size 679:689 larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) 679:707 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 2 theme 8.19 700:703 arg1 μm 705:706 95.91 ± 8.19 μm 692:706 95.91 ± 8.19 μm 692:706 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 5 3 theme Soluble 995:1001 arg1 complexes 1003:1011 Soluble complexes 995:1011 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes 995:1028 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 2 4 theme pectin 537:542 arg1 55:1 550:553 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 529:553 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 529:553 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 1 5 theme biopolymer 161:170 arg1 % 226:226 2.0-4.0% 219:226 2.0-4.0% 219:226 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 5 theme biopolymer 161:170 arg1 concentration 172:184 biopolymer concentration 161:184 biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w) 161:232 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 4 6 theme gas 913:915 arg1 permeability 917:928 reduced gas permeability 905:928 reduced gas permeability 905:928 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 0 7 from Influence 0:8 arg1 mechanism 76:84 the foam stability mechanism 57:84 the foam stability mechanism 57:84 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 24528700 2 8 theme growth 482:487 arg1 rate 489:492 the lowest bubble growth rate 464:492 the lowest bubble growth rate 464:492 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 1 9 theme foaming 348:354 arg1 properties 356:365 the foaming properties 344:365 the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate) 344:408 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 9 theme foaming 348:354 arg1 rate 404:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 9 theme foaming 348:354 arg1 drainage 377:384 drainage 377:384 drainage 377:384 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 9 theme foaming 348:354 arg1 overrun 368:374 overrun 368:374 overrun 368:374 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 3 10 theme protein 734:740 arg1 μm 774:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 10 theme protein 734:740 arg1 55:1 755:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 734:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral 734:801 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 11 theme protein 610:616 arg1 ratio 625:629 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 610:634 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 610:634 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 2 12 theme bubble 475:480 arg1 rate 489:492 the lowest bubble growth rate 464:492 the lowest bubble growth rate 464:492 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 2 13 theme protein 529:535 arg1 55:1 550:553 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 529:553 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 529:553 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 1 14 theme protein 235:241 arg1 ratio 250:254 protein:pectin ratio 235:254 protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1) 235:266 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 14 theme protein 235:241 arg1 15:1-55:1 257:265 15:1-55:1 257:265 15:1-55:1 257:265 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 3 15 theme 45.92 761:765 arg1 μm 774:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 15 theme 45.92 761:765 arg1 55:1 755:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 734:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral 734:801 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 16 theme ± 698:698 arg1 size 686:689 larger size 679:689 larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) 679:707 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 16 theme ± 698:698 arg1 μm 705:706 95.91 ± 8.19 μm 692:706 95.91 ± 8.19 μm 692:706 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 5 17 theme low 1063:1065 arg1 drainage 1067:1074 a low drainage 1061:1074 a low drainage of liquid 1061:1084 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 3 18 theme ratio 749:753 arg1 μm 774:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 18 theme ratio 749:753 arg1 55:1 755:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 734:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral 734:801 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 2 19 theme greatest 502:509 arg1 drainage 511:518 the greatest drainage 498:518 the greatest drainage 498:518 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 1 20 theme egg 187:189 arg1 proteins 197:204 egg white proteins 187:204 egg white proteins 187:204 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 5 21 dep viscosity 1040:1048 arg1 inhibiting 1090:1099 inhibiting 1090:1099 inhibiting the bubbles coalescence 1090:1123 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 5 21 dep viscosity 1040:1048 arg1 leading 1050:1056 leading 1050:1056 leading to a low drainage of liquid 1050:1084 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 4 22 with interface 890:898 arg1 permeability 917:928 reduced gas permeability 905:928 reduced gas permeability 905:928 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 4 23 theme viscoelastic 852:863 arg1 network 865:871 an interfacial viscoelastic network 837:871 an interfacial viscoelastic network 837:871 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 1 24 theme white 191:195 arg1 proteins 197:204 egg white proteins 187:204 egg white proteins 187:204 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 0 25 theme electrostatic 28:40 arg1 interaction 42:52 protein-pectin electrostatic interaction 13:52 protein-pectin electrostatic interaction 13:52 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 24528700 1 26 theme pectin 243:248 arg1 ratio 250:254 protein:pectin ratio 235:254 protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1) 235:266 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 26 theme pectin 243:248 arg1 15:1-55:1 257:265 15:1-55:1 257:265 15:1-55:1 257:265 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 2 27 theme ratio 446:450 arg1 15:1 452:455 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 431:455 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 431:455 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 2 28 theme ratio 544:548 arg1 55:1 550:553 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 529:553 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 529:553 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 4 29 theme greater 942:948 arg1 stability 950:958 greater stability 942:958 greater stability concerning the disproportionation 942:992 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 0 30 theme protein-pectin 13:26 arg1 interaction 42:52 protein-pectin electrostatic interaction 13:52 protein-pectin electrostatic interaction 13:52 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 24528700 3 31 theme pectin 618:623 arg1 ratio 625:629 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 610:634 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 610:634 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 2 32 theme pectin 439:444 arg1 15:1 452:455 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 431:455 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 431:455 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 1 33 dep % 226:226 arg1 w/w 229:231 w/w 229:231 w/w 229:231 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 3 34 theme ± 767:767 arg1 μm 774:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 45.92 ± 3.47 μm 761:775 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 34 theme ± 767:767 arg1 55:1 755:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 734:758 protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral 734:801 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 0 35 theme interaction 42:52 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 0:85 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 24528700 2 36 theme protein 431:437 arg1 15:1 452:455 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 431:455 protein:pectin ratio 15:1 431:455 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 4 37 theme air-water 880:888 arg1 interface 890:898 the air-water interface 876:898 the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability 876:928 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 1 38 theme bubble 390:395 arg1 rate 404:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 38 theme bubble 390:395 arg1 properties 356:365 the foaming properties 344:365 the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate) 344:408 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 0 39 theme foam 61:64 arg1 mechanism 76:84 the foam stability mechanism 57:84 the foam stability mechanism 57:84 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 24528700 5 40 theme smaller 1016:1022 arg1 sizes 1024:1028 smaller sizes 1016:1028 smaller sizes 1016:1028 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 2 41 theme lowest 468:473 arg1 rate 489:492 the lowest bubble growth rate 464:492 the lowest bubble growth rate 464:492 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 4 42 theme Larger 804:809 arg1 particles 811:819 Larger particles 804:819 Larger particles 804:819 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 1 43 dep concentration 172:184 arg1 pectin 210:215 pectin 210:215 pectin 210:215 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 43 dep concentration 172:184 arg1 proteins 197:204 egg white proteins 187:204 egg white proteins 187:204 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 44 theme growth 397:402 arg1 rate 404:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 44 theme growth 397:402 arg1 properties 356:365 the foaming properties 344:365 the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate) 344:408 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 4 45 theme interfacial 840:850 arg1 network 865:871 an interfacial viscoelastic network 837:871 an interfacial viscoelastic network 837:871 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 5 46 theme sizes 1024:1028 arg1 complexes 1003:1011 Soluble complexes 995:1011 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes 995:1028 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 1 47 theme central 316:322 arg1 design 334:339 a central composite design 314:339 a central composite design 314:339 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 48 dep properties 356:365 arg1 rate 404:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 bubble growth rate 390:407 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 48 dep properties 356:365 arg1 properties 356:365 the foaming properties 344:365 the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate) 344:408 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 48 dep properties 356:365 arg1 drainage 377:384 drainage 377:384 drainage 377:384 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 48 dep properties 356:365 arg1 overrun 368:374 overrun 368:374 overrun 368:374 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 49 theme composite 324:332 arg1 design 334:339 a central composite design 314:339 a central composite design 314:339 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 2 50 theme lowest 569:574 arg1 drainage 576:583 the lowest drainage 565:583 the lowest drainage 565:583 Foams produced with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 showed the lowest bubble growth rate and the greatest drainage, whereas protein:pectin ratio 55:1 presented the lowest drainage. 24528700 4 51 theme reduced 905:911 arg1 permeability 917:928 reduced gas permeability 905:928 reduced gas permeability 905:928 Larger particles seemed to build an interfacial viscoelastic network at the air-water interface with reduced gas permeability, leading to greater stability concerning the disproportionation. 24528700 1 52 theme independent 138:148 arg1 variables 150:158 three independent variables 132:158 three independent variables 132:158 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 0 53 theme stability 66:74 arg1 mechanism 76:84 the foam stability mechanism 57:84 the foam stability mechanism 57:84 Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism. 24528700 5 54 theme bubbles 1105:1111 arg1 coalescence 1113:1123 the bubbles coalescence 1101:1123 the bubbles coalescence 1101:1123 Soluble complexes of smaller sizes increased viscosity leading to a low drainage of liquid and inhibiting the bubbles coalescence. 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 % 226:226 2.0-4.0% 219:226 2.0-4.0% 219:226 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 ratio 250:254 protein:pectin ratio 235:254 protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1) 235:266 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 temperature 273:283 temperature 273:283 temperature (70-80 °C) 273:294 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 effect 122:127 the effect 118:127 the effect of three independent variables 118:158 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 concentration 172:184 biopolymer concentration 161:184 biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w) 161:232 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 °C 292:293 70-80 °C 286:293 70-80 °C 286:293 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 1 55 theme variables 150:158 arg1 15:1-55:1 257:265 15:1-55:1 257:265 15:1-55:1 257:265 This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.0, using a central composite design on the foaming properties (overrun, drainage and bubble growth rate). 24528700 3 56 theme larger 679:684 arg1 size 686:689 larger size 679:689 larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) 679:707 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24528700 3 56 theme larger 679:684 arg1 μm 705:706 95.91 ± 8.19 μm 692:706 95.91 ± 8.19 μm 692:706 Complexes obtained with protein:pectin ratio 15:1 were close to electroneutrality and showed larger size (95.91 ± 8.19 μm) than those obtained with protein:pectin ratio 55:1 (45.92 ± 3.47 μm) not electrically neutral. 24596082 4 0 from change 769:774 arg1 pathway 792:798 the reaction pathway 779:798 the reaction pathway 779:798 For cellulose the product distribution is considerably different than for glucose or sorbitol, indicating a change in the reaction pathway. 24596082 2 1 theme unified 319:325 arg1 mechanism 336:344 a unified reaction mechanism 317:344 a unified reaction mechanism 317:344 The compositions of liquid-phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. 24596082 5 2 theme oligomers 958:966 arg1 ends 940:943 only the reducing ends 922:943 only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers 922:966 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 1 3 theme aqueous 155:161 arg1 reaction 203:210 the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction 151:210 the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction 151:210 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 4 4 theme product 679:685 arg1 distribution 687:698 the product distribution 675:698 the product distribution 675:698 For cellulose the product distribution is considerably different than for glucose or sorbitol, indicating a change in the reaction pathway. 24596082 4 4 theme product 679:685 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 For cellulose the product distribution is considerably different than for glucose or sorbitol, indicating a change in the reaction pathway. 24596082 2 5 theme product 389:395 arg1 distribution 397:408 the observed product distribution 376:408 the observed product distribution 376:408 The compositions of liquid-phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. 24596082 5 6 theme additional 874:883 arg1 mechanism 902:910 an additional depolymerization mechanism 871:910 an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers 871:966 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 5 7 theme traditional 824:834 arg1 hydrolysis 836:845 the traditional hydrolysis 820:845 the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond 820:868 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 2 8 theme observed 380:387 arg1 distribution 397:408 the observed product distribution 376:408 the observed product distribution 376:408 The compositions of liquid-phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. 24596082 5 9 theme depolymerization 885:900 arg1 mechanism 902:910 an additional depolymerization mechanism 871:910 an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers 871:966 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 3 10 theme carbohydrates 646:658 arg1 selectivity 612:622 the selectivity 608:622 the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates 608:658 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 1 11 theme hydrogenolysis 188:201 arg1 reaction 203:210 the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction 151:210 the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction 151:210 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 1 12 theme polyols 98:104 arg1 series 88:93 A series 86:93 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose 86:134 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 0 13 theme cellulose 18:26 arg1 Hydrogenolysis 0:13 Hydrogenolysis 0:13 Hydrogenolysis of cellulose over Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network. 0:84 Hydrogenolysis of cellulose over Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network. 24596082 3 14 theme polyols 634:640 arg1 selectivity 612:622 the selectivity 608:622 the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates 608:658 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 5 15 theme glycosidic 854:863 arg1 bond 865:868 the glycosidic bond 850:868 the glycosidic bond 850:868 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 5 16 theme reducing 931:938 arg1 ends 940:943 only the reducing ends 922:943 only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers 922:966 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 0 17 theme Cu-based 33:40 arg1 catalysts-analysis 42:59 Cu-based catalysts-analysis 33:59 Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network 33:83 Hydrogenolysis of cellulose over Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network. 24596082 5 18 theme bond 865:868 arg1 hydrolysis 836:845 the traditional hydrolysis 820:845 the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond 820:868 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 3 19 theme Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein 490:517 arg1 isomerization 519:531 Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization 490:531 Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization 490:531 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 1 20 dep aqueous 155:161 arg1 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed 164:186 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed 164:186 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed 164:186 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 1 21 theme carbohydrates 107:119 arg1 series 88:93 A series 86:93 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose 86:134 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 3 22 theme Elementary 411:420 arg1 isomerization 519:531 Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization 490:531 Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization 490:531 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 3 22 theme Elementary 411:420 arg1 dehydrogenation/hydrogenation 459:487 dehydrogenation/hydrogenation 459:487 dehydrogenation/hydrogenation 459:487 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 3 22 theme Elementary 411:420 arg1 transformations 422:436 Elementary transformations 411:436 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage 411:556 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 3 22 theme Elementary 411:420 arg1 dehydration 446:456 dehydration 446:456 dehydration 446:456 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 3 22 theme Elementary 411:420 arg1 cleavage 549:556 retro-aldol cleavage 537:556 retro-aldol cleavage 537:556 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 4 23 theme reaction 783:790 arg1 pathway 792:798 the reaction pathway 779:798 the reaction pathway 779:798 For cellulose the product distribution is considerably different than for glucose or sorbitol, indicating a change in the reaction pathway. 24596082 1 24 dep 245 °C 215:220 arg1 H2 233:234 H2 233:234 H2 233:234 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 2 25 theme products 270:277 arg1 compositions 241:252 The compositions 237:252 The compositions of liquid-phase products 237:277 The compositions of liquid-phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. 24596082 2 26 theme reaction 327:334 arg1 mechanism 336:344 a unified reaction mechanism 317:344 a unified reaction mechanism 317:344 The compositions of liquid-phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. 24596082 3 27 theme simple 627:632 arg1 polyols 634:640 simple polyols 627:640 simple polyols 627:640 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 2 28 theme liquid-phase 257:268 arg1 products 270:277 liquid-phase products 257:277 liquid-phase products 257:277 The compositions of liquid-phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. 24596082 1 29 theme cellulose 126:134 arg1 series 88:93 A series 86:93 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose 86:134 A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. 24596082 3 30 theme retro-aldol 537:547 arg1 cleavage 549:556 retro-aldol cleavage 537:556 retro-aldol cleavage 537:556 Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein isomerization and retro-aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. 24596082 0 31 theme network 77:83 arg1 catalysts-analysis 42:59 Cu-based catalysts-analysis 33:59 Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network 33:83 Hydrogenolysis of cellulose over Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network. 24596082 5 32 theme cellulose 948:956 arg1 oligomers 958:966 cellulose oligomers 948:966 cellulose oligomers 948:966 Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation. 24596082 0 33 theme reaction 68:75 arg1 network 77:83 the reaction network 64:83 the reaction network 64:83 Hydrogenolysis of cellulose over Cu-based catalysts-analysis of the reaction network. 29220819 0 0 theme fixed-bed 80:88 arg1 column 90:95 a continuous fixed-bed column 67:95 a continuous fixed-bed column 67:95 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 29220819 4 1 theme 16.6 mg/g 802:810 arg1 capacity 790:797 a defluoridation capacity 773:797 a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 773:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 2 theme flow 847:850 arg1 rate 852:855 influent flow rate 838:855 influent flow rate of 16 mL/min 838:868 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 3 3 dep pH 537:538 arg1 10 550:551 10 550:551 10 550:551 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 3 dep pH 537:538 arg1 7 544:544 7 544:544 7 544:544 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 0 4 theme continuous 69:78 arg1 column 90:95 a continuous fixed-bed column 67:95 a continuous fixed-bed column 67:95 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 29220819 3 5 theme experimental 674:685 arg1 analysis 692:699 the experimental data analysis 670:699 the experimental data analysis 670:699 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 6 theme influencing 332:342 arg1 parameters 344:353 The influencing parameters 328:353 The influencing parameters 328:353 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 5 7 theme fluoride 935:942 arg1 process 955:961 the fluoride adsorption process 931:961 the fluoride adsorption process 931:961 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 3 8 theme data 687:690 arg1 analysis 692:699 the experimental data analysis 670:699 the experimental data analysis 670:699 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 4 9 theme fluoride 751:758 arg1 removal 760:766 fluoride removal 751:766 fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 751:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 3 10 theme existing 564:571 arg1 Cl- 595:597 Cl- 595:597 Cl- 595:597 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 10 theme existing 564:571 arg1 NO3- 603:606 NO3- 603:606 NO3- 603:606 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 10 theme existing 564:571 arg1 HCO3- 581:585 HCO3- 581:585 HCO3- 581:585 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 10 theme existing 564:571 arg1 SO42- 588:592 SO42- 588:592 SO42- 588:592 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 10 theme existing 564:571 arg1 anions 573:578 other existing anions 558:578 other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-) 558:607 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 4 11 theme 16 mL/min 860:868 arg1 6.0 g 831:835 6.0 g 831:835 6.0 g 831:835 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 11 theme 16 mL/min 860:868 arg1 rate 852:855 influent flow rate 838:855 influent flow rate of 16 mL/min 838:868 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 11 theme 16 mL/min 860:868 arg1 concentration 889:901 inlet fluoride concentration 874:901 inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 874:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 2 12 from scale 321:325 arg1 application 275:285 the application 271:285 the application of the composite at an industrial scale 271:325 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 7 13 theme Mg2+ 1280:1283 arg1 ions 1285:1288 Mg2+ ions 1280:1288 Mg2+ ions 1280:1288 Results indicated the effluent concentration of Mg2+ ions could be kept at a safe level. 29220819 3 14 theme breakthrough 628:639 arg1 curves 641:646 the breakthrough curves 624:646 the breakthrough curves 624:646 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 6 15 theme magnesium 1143:1151 arg1 concentration 1126:1138 the concentration 1122:1138 the concentration of magnesium in the effluent 1122:1167 Moreover, the concentration of magnesium in the effluent was monitored to determine Mg stability in the MgOP composite. 29220819 7 16 theme effluent 1254:1261 arg1 concentration 1263:1275 the effluent concentration 1250:1275 the effluent concentration of Mg2+ ions 1250:1288 Results indicated the effluent concentration of Mg2+ ions could be kept at a safe level. 29220819 5 17 theme better 1042:1047 arg1 predictions 1049:1059 better predictions 1042:1059 better predictions for the breakthrough curves 1042:1087 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 4 18 theme bed 819:821 arg1 mass 823:826 the bed mass 815:826 the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 815:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 5 19 attach presented 1032:1040 arg2 model 1026:1030 the Yan model 1018:1030 the Yan model 1018:1030 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 5 19 attach presented 1032:1040 arg1 models 1001:1006 the Thomas and Yan models 982:1006 the Thomas and Yan models 982:1006 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 3 20 theme influent 395:402 arg1 rate 409:412 influent flow rate 395:412 influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min) 395:434 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 4 21 theme 6.0 g 831:835 arg1 mass 823:826 the bed mass 815:826 the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 815:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 3 22 theme other 558:562 arg1 Cl- 595:597 Cl- 595:597 Cl- 595:597 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 22 theme other 558:562 arg1 NO3- 603:606 NO3- 603:606 NO3- 603:606 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 22 theme other 558:562 arg1 HCO3- 581:585 HCO3- 581:585 HCO3- 581:585 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 22 theme other 558:562 arg1 SO42- 588:592 SO42- 588:592 SO42- 588:592 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 22 theme other 558:562 arg1 anions 573:578 other existing anions 558:578 other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-) 558:607 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 2 23 theme composite 294:302 arg1 application 275:285 the application 271:285 the application of the composite at an industrial scale 271:325 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 3 24 dep temperature 496:506 arg1 40 °C 520:524 40 °C 520:524 40 °C 520:524 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 24 dep temperature 496:506 arg1 30 513:514 30 513:514 30 513:514 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 0 25 theme Fluoride 0:7 arg1 removal 9:15 Fluoride removal 0:15 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 0:96 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 29220819 5 26 theme Yan 997:999 arg1 models 1001:1006 the Thomas and Yan models 982:1006 the Thomas and Yan models 982:1006 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 6 27 from stability 1199:1207 arg1 composite 1221:1229 the MgOP composite 1212:1229 the MgOP composite 1212:1229 Moreover, the concentration of magnesium in the effluent was monitored to determine Mg stability in the MgOP composite. 29220819 7 28 theme ions 1285:1288 arg1 concentration 1263:1275 the effluent concentration 1250:1275 the effluent concentration of Mg2+ ions 1250:1288 Results indicated the effluent concentration of Mg2+ ions could be kept at a safe level. 29220819 4 29 theme 10 mg/L 906:912 arg1 6.0 g 831:835 6.0 g 831:835 6.0 g 831:835 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 29 theme 10 mg/L 906:912 arg1 rate 852:855 influent flow rate 838:855 influent flow rate of 16 mL/min 838:868 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 29 theme 10 mg/L 906:912 arg1 concentration 889:901 inlet fluoride concentration 874:901 inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 874:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 30 theme influent 838:845 arg1 rate 852:855 influent flow rate 838:855 influent flow rate of 16 mL/min 838:868 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 2 31 theme present 206:212 arg1 study 214:218 the present study 202:218 the present study 202:218 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 5 32 theme Thomas 1098:1103 arg1 model 1105:1109 the Thomas model 1094:1109 the Thomas model 1094:1109 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 3 33 theme bed 364:366 arg1 mass 368:371 bed mass 364:371 bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g) 364:392 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 33 theme bed 364:366 arg1 8.0 g 387:391 8.0 g 387:391 8.0 g 387:391 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 33 theme bed 364:366 arg1 4.0 374:376 4.0 374:376 4.0 374:376 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 5 34 theme Thomas 986:991 arg1 models 1001:1006 the Thomas and Yan models 982:1006 the Thomas and Yan models 982:1006 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 1 35 theme magnesia-pullulan 100:116 arg1 MgOP 129:132 MgOP 129:132 MgOP 129:132 A magnesia-pullulan composite (MgOP) was previously shown to effectively remove fluoride from water. 29220819 1 35 theme magnesia-pullulan 100:116 arg1 composite 118:126 A magnesia-pullulan composite 98:126 A magnesia-pullulan composite (MgOP) 98:133 A magnesia-pullulan composite (MgOP) was previously shown to effectively remove fluoride from water. 29220819 8 36 theme MgOP 1352:1355 arg1 Calcination 1321:1331 Calcination 1321:1331 Calcination of fluoride-loaded MgOP 1321:1355 Calcination of fluoride-loaded MgOP effectively regenerated the material. 29220819 8 37 theme fluoride-loaded 1336:1350 arg1 MgOP 1352:1355 fluoride-loaded MgOP 1336:1355 fluoride-loaded MgOP 1336:1355 Calcination of fluoride-loaded MgOP effectively regenerated the material. 29220819 3 38 theme influent 528:535 arg1 pH 537:538 influent pH 528:538 influent pH (4, 7 and 10) 528:552 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 39 theme flow 404:407 arg1 rate 409:412 influent flow rate 395:412 influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min) 395:434 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 4 40 from mass 823:826 arg1 capacity 790:797 a defluoridation capacity 773:797 a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 773:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 40 from mass 823:826 arg1 16.6 mg/g 802:810 16.6 mg/g 802:810 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 802:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 5 41 theme Yan 1022:1024 arg1 model 1026:1030 the Yan model 1018:1030 the Yan model 1018:1030 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 3 42 dep anions 573:578 arg1 anions 573:578 other existing anions 558:578 other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-) 558:607 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 42 dep anions 573:578 arg1 Cl- 595:597 Cl- 595:597 Cl- 595:597 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 42 dep anions 573:578 arg1 SO42- 588:592 SO42- 588:592 SO42- 588:592 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 42 dep anions 573:578 arg1 HCO3- 581:585 HCO3- 581:585 HCO3- 581:585 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 42 dep anions 573:578 arg1 NO3- 603:606 NO3- 603:606 NO3- 603:606 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 6 43 theme Mg 1196:1197 arg1 stability 1199:1207 Mg stability 1196:1207 Mg stability in the MgOP composite 1196:1229 Moreover, the concentration of magnesium in the effluent was monitored to determine Mg stability in the MgOP composite. 29220819 5 44 theme adsorption 944:953 arg1 process 955:961 the fluoride adsorption process 931:961 the fluoride adsorption process 931:961 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 7 45 theme safe 1309:1312 arg1 level 1314:1318 a safe level 1307:1318 a safe level 1307:1318 Results indicated the effluent concentration of Mg2+ ions could be kept at a safe level. 29220819 0 46 theme magnesia-pullulan 36:52 arg1 composite 54:62 a magnesia-pullulan composite 34:62 a magnesia-pullulan composite 34:62 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 29220819 6 47 from concentration 1126:1138 arg1 effluent 1160:1167 the effluent 1156:1167 the effluent 1156:1167 Moreover, the concentration of magnesium in the effluent was monitored to determine Mg stability in the MgOP composite. 29220819 3 48 theme reaction 487:494 arg1 temperature 496:506 reaction temperature 487:506 reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C) 487:525 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 2 49 theme industrial 310:319 arg1 scale 321:325 an industrial scale 307:325 an industrial scale 307:325 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 4 50 theme inlet 874:878 arg1 concentration 889:901 inlet fluoride concentration 874:901 inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 874:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 3 51 dep 8 415:415 arg1 32 mL/min 425:433 32 mL/min 425:433 32 mL/min 425:433 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 51 dep 8 415:415 arg1 16 418:419 16 418:419 16 418:419 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 5 52 theme breakthrough 1069:1080 arg1 curves 1082:1087 the breakthrough curves 1065:1087 the breakthrough curves 1065:1087 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 29220819 3 53 dep rate 409:412 arg1 8 415:415 8 415:415 8 415:415 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 4 54 theme concentration 889:901 arg1 mass 823:826 the bed mass 815:826 the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 815:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 6 55 theme MgOP 1216:1219 arg1 composite 1221:1229 the MgOP composite 1212:1229 the MgOP composite 1212:1229 Moreover, the concentration of magnesium in the effluent was monitored to determine Mg stability in the MgOP composite. 29220819 2 56 theme fixed-bed 234:242 arg1 column 244:249 a continuous fixed-bed column 221:249 a continuous fixed-bed column 221:249 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 4 57 theme rate 852:855 arg1 mass 823:826 the bed mass 815:826 the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 815:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 3 58 theme inlet 437:441 arg1 5 467:467 5 467:467 5 467:467 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 58 theme inlet 437:441 arg1 concentration 452:464 inlet fluoride concentration 437:464 inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) 437:484 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 58 theme inlet 437:441 arg1 20 mg/L 477:483 20 mg/L 477:483 20 mg/L 477:483 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 4 59 theme fluoride 880:887 arg1 concentration 889:901 inlet fluoride concentration 874:901 inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 874:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 60 from capacity 790:797 arg1 mass 823:826 the bed mass 815:826 the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 815:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 4 61 theme defluoridation 775:788 arg1 capacity 790:797 a defluoridation capacity 773:797 a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 773:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 0 62 from water 22:26 arg1 removal 9:15 Fluoride removal 0:15 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 0:96 Fluoride removal from water using a magnesia-pullulan composite in a continuous fixed-bed column. 29220819 2 63 theme continuous 223:232 arg1 column 244:249 a continuous fixed-bed column 221:249 a continuous fixed-bed column 221:249 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 4 64 with removal 760:766 arg1 capacity 790:797 a defluoridation capacity 773:797 a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L 773:912 The results indicated that MgOP is promising for fluoride removal with a defluoridation capacity of 16.6 mg/g at the bed mass of 6.0 g, influent flow rate of 16 mL/min and inlet fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. 29220819 3 65 theme fluoride 443:450 arg1 5 467:467 5 467:467 5 467:467 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 65 theme fluoride 443:450 arg1 concentration 452:464 inlet fluoride concentration 437:464 inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) 437:484 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 3 65 theme fluoride 443:450 arg1 20 mg/L 477:483 20 mg/L 477:483 20 mg/L 477:483 The influencing parameters included bed mass (4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g), influent flow rate (8, 16 and 32 mL/min), inlet fluoride concentration (5, 10 and 20 mg/L), reaction temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), influent pH (4, 7 and 10) and other existing anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), through which the breakthrough curves could be depicted for the experimental data analysis. 29220819 2 66 used used 255:258 arg2 column 244:249 a continuous fixed-bed column 221:249 a continuous fixed-bed column 221:249 In the present study, a continuous fixed-bed column was used to examine the application of the composite at an industrial scale. 29220819 5 67 theme process 955:961 arg1 dynamics 919:926 The dynamics 915:926 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process 915:961 The dynamics of the fluoride adsorption process were modeled using the Thomas and Yan models, in which the Yan model presented better predictions for the breakthrough curves than the Thomas model. 27439026 0 0 theme glabrata 89:96 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 0 0 theme glabrata 89:96 arg1 formation 34:42 biofilm formation 26:42 biofilm formation 26:42 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 4 1 theme wall 849:852 arg1 polysaccharides 854:868 total cell wall polysaccharides 838:868 total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall 838:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 1 2 theme Candida 146:152 arg1 glabrata 154:161 Candida glabrata 146:161 Candida glabrata 146:161 In the present study, three strains of Candida glabrata have been investigated to shed light on the mechanisms involved in azole resistance during adherence and biofilm formation. 27439026 0 3 theme Candida 81:87 arg1 glabrata 89:96 azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata 47:96 azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata 47:96 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 4 4 theme cell 844:847 arg1 polysaccharides 854:868 total cell wall polysaccharides 838:868 total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall 838:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 2 5 theme azole-based 337:347 arg1 drugs 349:353 azole-based drugs 337:353 azole-based drugs 337:353 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 3 6 theme formation 639:647 arg1 expression 582:591 the expression 578:591 the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation 578:647 A proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation varied between the strains. 27439026 2 7 theme wall 510:513 arg1 composition 515:525 their cell wall composition 499:525 their cell wall composition 499:525 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 7 8 theme different 1318:1326 arg1 behaviours 1339:1348 the different pathogenic behaviours 1314:1348 the different pathogenic behaviours 1314:1348 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 7 9 theme pathogenic 1328:1337 arg1 behaviours 1339:1348 the different pathogenic behaviours 1314:1348 the different pathogenic behaviours 1314:1348 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 4 10 theme parental 760:767 arg1 counterpart 769:779 the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562 744:786 the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562 744:786 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 3 11 theme proteomic 545:553 arg1 analysis 555:562 A proteomic analysis 543:562 A proteomic analysis 543:562 A proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation varied between the strains. 27439026 2 12 theme cell 505:508 arg1 composition 515:525 their cell wall composition 499:525 their cell wall composition 499:525 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 4 13 theme susceptible 748:758 arg1 counterpart 769:779 the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562 744:786 the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562 744:786 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 4 14 theme SFY115 692:697 arg1 hydrophobic 727:737 hydrophobic 727:737 hydrophobic 727:737 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 4 14 theme SFY115 692:697 arg1 strains 699:705 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains 677:705 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains 677:705 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 2 15 theme resistant 381:389 arg1 strains 401:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains 367:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115 367:447 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 4 16 from amount 828:833 arg1 polysaccharides 854:868 total cell wall polysaccharides 838:868 total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall 838:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 4 17 theme higher 821:826 arg1 amount 828:833 a higher amount 819:833 a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall 819:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 5 18 theme adherence 967:975 arg1 assays 977:982 the hydrophobicity and adherence assays 944:982 the hydrophobicity and adherence assays 944:982 Accordingly to the results obtained from the hydrophobicity and adherence assays, in the resistant strain SFY115 the biofilm formation decreased compared to the parental strain DSY562. 27439026 2 19 theme different 371:379 arg1 strains 401:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains 367:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115 367:447 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 0 20 theme wall 5:8 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 4 21 theme total 838:842 arg1 polysaccharides 854:868 total cell wall polysaccharides 838:868 total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall 838:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 2 22 theme clinical 304:311 arg1 isolate 313:319 a clinical isolate 302:319 a clinical isolate 302:319 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 7 23 theme C. 1286:1287 arg1 glabrata 1289:1296 C. glabrata 1286:1296 C. glabrata 1286:1296 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 0 24 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 1 25 theme biofilm 268:274 arg1 formation 276:284 biofilm formation 268:284 biofilm formation 268:284 In the present study, three strains of Candida glabrata have been investigated to shed light on the mechanisms involved in azole resistance during adherence and biofilm formation. 27439026 7 26 dep suggest 1221:1227 arg1 Taken 1191:1195 Taken 1191:1195 Taken together 1191:1204 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 7 27 theme glabrata 1289:1296 arg1 composition 1271:1281 the cell wall composition 1257:1281 the cell wall composition of C. glabrata 1257:1296 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 6 28 theme other 1176:1180 arg1 strains 1182:1188 other strains 1176:1188 other strains 1176:1188 Finally, the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 was about halved in comparison to other strains. 27439026 6 29 theme resistant 1125:1133 arg1 SFY115 1135:1140 resistant SFY115 1125:1140 resistant SFY115 1125:1140 Finally, the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 was about halved in comparison to other strains. 27439026 2 30 attach deriving 409:416 arg1 SFY114 431:436 SFY114 431:436 SFY114 431:436 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 2 30 attach deriving 409:416 arg2 strains 401:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains 367:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115 367:447 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 2 30 attach deriving 409:416 arg1 DSY562 423:428 DSY562 423:428 DSY562 423:428 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 2 30 attach deriving 409:416 arg1 SFY115 442:447 SFY115 442:447 SFY115 442:447 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 1 31 theme glabrata 154:161 arg1 strains 135:141 three strains 129:141 three strains of Candida glabrata 129:161 In the present study, three strains of Candida glabrata have been investigated to shed light on the mechanisms involved in azole resistance during adherence and biofilm formation. 27439026 6 32 theme glucose 1107:1113 arg1 amount 1115:1120 the total glucose amount 1097:1120 the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 1097:1140 Finally, the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 was about halved in comparison to other strains. 27439026 5 33 theme resistant 992:1000 arg1 SFY115 1009:1014 the resistant strain SFY115 988:1014 the resistant strain SFY115 988:1014 Accordingly to the results obtained from the hydrophobicity and adherence assays, in the resistant strain SFY115 the biofilm formation decreased compared to the parental strain DSY562. 27439026 7 34 theme cell 1261:1264 arg1 composition 1271:1281 the cell wall composition 1257:1281 the cell wall composition of C. glabrata 1257:1296 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 0 35 theme biofilm 26:32 arg1 formation 34:42 biofilm formation 26:42 biofilm formation 26:42 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 4 36 dep polysaccharides 854:868 arg1 fraction 870:877 fraction 870:877 fraction 870:877 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 5 37 theme parental 1064:1071 arg1 strain 1073:1078 the parental strain DSY562 1060:1085 the parental strain DSY562 1060:1085 Accordingly to the results obtained from the hydrophobicity and adherence assays, in the resistant strain SFY115 the biofilm formation decreased compared to the parental strain DSY562. 27439026 5 38 theme strain 1002:1007 arg1 SFY115 1009:1014 the resistant strain SFY115 988:1014 the resistant strain SFY115 988:1014 Accordingly to the results obtained from the hydrophobicity and adherence assays, in the resistant strain SFY115 the biofilm formation decreased compared to the parental strain DSY562. 27439026 2 39 theme mutagenic 391:399 arg1 strains 401:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains 367:407 two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115 367:447 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 0 40 theme azoles-susceptible 47:64 arg1 glabrata 89:96 azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata 47:96 azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata 47:96 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 3 41 theme biofilm 631:637 arg1 formation 639:647 biofilm formation 631:647 biofilm formation 631:647 A proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation varied between the strains. 27439026 5 42 theme hydrophobicity 948:961 arg1 assays 977:982 the hydrophobicity and adherence assays 944:982 the hydrophobicity and adherence assays 944:982 Accordingly to the results obtained from the hydrophobicity and adherence assays, in the resistant strain SFY115 the biofilm formation decreased compared to the parental strain DSY562. 27439026 1 43 theme present 114:120 arg1 study 122:126 the present study 110:126 the present study 110:126 In the present study, three strains of Candida glabrata have been investigated to shed light on the mechanisms involved in azole resistance during adherence and biofilm formation. 27439026 5 44 theme biofilm 1020:1026 arg1 formation 1028:1036 the biofilm formation 1016:1036 the biofilm formation 1016:1036 Accordingly to the results obtained from the hydrophobicity and adherence assays, in the resistant strain SFY115 the biofilm formation decreased compared to the parental strain DSY562. 27439026 6 45 from amount 1115:1120 arg1 SFY115 1135:1140 resistant SFY115 1125:1140 resistant SFY115 1125:1140 Finally, the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 was about halved in comparison to other strains. 27439026 2 46 theme susceptible 322:332 arg1 isolate 313:319 a clinical isolate 302:319 a clinical isolate 302:319 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 4 47 theme cell 892:895 arg1 wall 897:900 the total cell wall 882:900 the total cell wall 882:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 3 48 theme wall-related 605:616 arg1 proteins 618:625 six cell wall-related proteins 596:625 six cell wall-related proteins 596:625 A proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation varied between the strains. 27439026 6 49 theme total 1101:1105 arg1 amount 1115:1120 the total glucose amount 1097:1120 the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 1097:1140 Finally, the total glucose amount in resistant SFY115 was about halved in comparison to other strains. 27439026 4 50 theme total 886:890 arg1 wall 897:900 the total cell wall 882:900 the total cell wall 882:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 3 51 theme proteins 618:625 arg1 expression 582:591 the expression 578:591 the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation 578:647 A proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation varied between the strains. 27439026 0 52 theme -resistant 70:79 arg1 glabrata 89:96 azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata 47:96 azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata 47:96 Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. 27439026 7 53 theme wall 1266:1269 arg1 composition 1271:1281 the cell wall composition 1257:1281 the cell wall composition of C. glabrata 1257:1296 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 4 54 theme other 796:800 arg1 hand 802:805 the other hand 792:805 the other hand 792:805 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 4 55 theme SFY114 681:686 arg1 hydrophobic 727:737 hydrophobic 727:737 hydrophobic 727:737 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 4 55 theme SFY114 681:686 arg1 strains 699:705 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains 677:705 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains 677:705 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 2 56 theme different 474:482 arg1 approaches 484:493 different approaches 474:493 different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties 474:540 In particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, DSY562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from DSY562, SFY114 and SFY115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. 27439026 4 57 from fraction 870:877 arg1 wall 897:900 the total cell wall 882:900 the total cell wall 882:900 The SFY114 and SFY115 strains resulted to be less hydrophobic than the susceptible parental counterpart DSY562, on the other hand they showed a higher amount in total cell wall polysaccharides fraction in the total cell wall. 27439026 3 58 theme cell 600:603 arg1 proteins 618:625 six cell wall-related proteins 596:625 six cell wall-related proteins 596:625 A proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wall-related proteins and biofilm formation varied between the strains. 27439026 7 59 theme azole 1234:1238 arg1 drugs 1240:1244 azole drugs 1234:1244 azole drugs 1234:1244 Taken together all these data suggest that azole drugs may affect the cell wall composition of C. glabrata, in relation to the different pathogenic behaviours. 27439026 1 60 theme azole 230:234 arg1 resistance 236:245 azole resistance 230:245 azole resistance 230:245 In the present study, three strains of Candida glabrata have been investigated to shed light on the mechanisms involved in azole resistance during adherence and biofilm formation. 25518335 6 0 theme lysostaphin 938:948 arg1 release 927:933 the controlled release 912:933 the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites 912:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 0 theme lysostaphin 938:948 arg1 rate 1002:1005 the highest release rate 982:1005 the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)% 982:1022 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 1 from composites 967:976 arg1 release 927:933 the controlled release 912:933 the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites 912:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 1 from composites 967:976 arg1 rate 1002:1005 the highest release rate 982:1005 the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)% 982:1022 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 8 2 theme HA/CS 1310:1314 arg1 composites 1316:1325 HA/CS composites 1310:1325 HA/CS composites 1310:1325 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 6 3 theme controlled 916:925 arg1 release 927:933 the controlled release 912:933 the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites 912:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 3 theme controlled 916:925 arg1 rate 1002:1005 the highest release rate 982:1005 the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)% 982:1022 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 4 4 theme scanning 595:602 arg1 microscopy 613:622 scanning electron microscopy 595:622 scanning electron microscopy 595:622 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 3 5 theme sample 357:362 arg1 composites 364:373 sample composites 357:373 sample composites 357:373 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 5 theme sample 357:362 arg1 80/20 427:431 80/20 427:431 80/20 427:431 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 5 theme sample 357:362 arg1 60/40 441:445 60/40 441:445 60/40 441:445 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 5 theme sample 357:362 arg1 40/60 452:456 40/60 452:456 40/60 452:456 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 5 theme sample 357:362 arg1 70/30 434:438 70/30 434:438 70/30 434:438 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 6 6 dep rate 1002:1005 arg1 lasted 1031:1036 lasted 1031:1036 lasted for 120 hours 1031:1050 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 7 7 theme liquid 1174:1179 arg1 extract 1166:1172 the extract liquid 1162:1179 the extract liquid from the composites 1162:1199 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 4 8 dep transform 655:663 arg1 infrared 665:672 infrared 665:672 transform infrared spectroscopy 655:685 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 5 9 theme in 755:756 arg1 activity 772:779 in vitro release activity 755:779 in vitro release activity 755:779 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 4 10 theme Multiple 474:481 arg1 analyses 483:490 Multiple analyses 474:490 Multiple analyses 474:490 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 5 11 theme HA/CS 700:704 arg1 composites 706:715 HA/CS composites 700:715 HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin 700:745 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 4 12 theme electron 604:611 arg1 microscopy 613:622 scanning electron microscopy 595:622 scanning electron microscopy 595:622 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 3 13 theme different 380:388 arg1 ratios 397:402 different weight ratios 380:402 different weight ratios of HA 380:408 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 14 theme Hydroxyapatite/chitosan 277:299 arg1 composites 309:318 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites 277:318 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites 277:318 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 15 theme weight 390:395 arg1 ratios 397:402 different weight ratios 380:402 different weight ratios of HA 380:408 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 7 16 theme biocompatibility 1056:1071 arg1 testing 1073:1079 biocompatibility testing 1056:1079 biocompatibility testing 1056:1079 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 5 17 theme biocompatibility 822:837 arg1 test 839:842 biocompatibility test 822:842 biocompatibility test 822:842 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 5 18 theme MC3T3-E1 794:801 arg1 cells 803:807 MC3T3-E1 cells 794:807 MC3T3-E1 cells 794:807 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 3 19 contain carry 335:339 arg1 composites 309:318 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites 277:318 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites 277:318 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 3 19 contain carry 335:339 arg2 lysostaphin 341:351 lysostaphin 341:351 lysostaphin 341:351 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 7 20 from testing 1073:1079 arg1 able 1102:1105 able 1102:1105 able 1102:1105 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 6 21 theme 60/40 955:959 arg1 composites 967:976 60/40 HA/CS composites 955:976 60/40 HA/CS composites 955:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 7 22 theme MC3T3-E1 1082:1089 arg1 cells 1091:1095 MC3T3-E1 cells 1082:1095 MC3T3-E1 cells 1082:1095 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 3 23 theme HA 407:408 arg1 ratios 397:402 different weight ratios 380:402 different weight ratios of HA 380:408 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 6 24 theme release 994:1000 arg1 release 927:933 the controlled release 912:933 the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites 912:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 24 theme release 994:1000 arg1 rate 1002:1005 the highest release rate 982:1005 the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)% 982:1022 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 5 25 theme wt 731:732 arg1 lysostaphin 735:745 1 wt% lysostaphin 729:745 1 wt% lysostaphin 729:745 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 2 26 theme biocompatible 239:251 arg1 carrier 258:264 a biocompatible drug carrier 237:264 a biocompatible drug carrier 237:264 In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. 25518335 8 27 theme potential 1370:1378 arg1 application 1380:1390 the potential application 1366:1390 the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications 1366:1452 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 8 28 theme composites 1401:1410 arg1 application 1380:1390 the potential application 1366:1390 the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications 1366:1452 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 7 29 theme composites 1146:1155 arg1 surface 1129:1135 the surface 1125:1135 the surface of these composites 1125:1155 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 6 30 theme highest 986:992 arg1 release 927:933 the controlled release 912:933 the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites 912:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 30 theme highest 986:992 arg1 rate 1002:1005 the highest release rate 982:1005 the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)% 982:1022 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 5 31 theme % 733:733 arg1 lysostaphin 735:745 1 wt% lysostaphin 729:745 1 wt% lysostaphin 729:745 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 6 32 theme composites 887:896 arg1 behavior 871:878 the release behavior 859:878 the release behavior of the composites 859:896 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 0 33 theme hydroxyapatite/chitosan 47:69 arg1 composites 71:80 novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites 22:80 novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites 22:80 Controlled release by novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites. 25518335 4 34 theme composites 573:582 arg1 properties 555:564 the structural and physicochemical properties 520:564 the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 520:685 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 2 35 theme controlled 202:211 arg1 release 213:219 controlled release 202:219 controlled release of lysostaphin 202:234 In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. 25518335 0 36 theme lysostaphin-loaded 28:45 arg1 composites 71:80 novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites 22:80 novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites 22:80 Controlled release by novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites. 25518335 0 37 theme novel 22:26 arg1 composites 71:80 novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites 22:80 novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites 22:80 Controlled release by novel lysostaphin-loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites. 25518335 5 38 theme release 764:770 arg1 activity 772:779 in vitro release activity 755:779 in vitro release activity 755:779 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 4 39 theme structural 524:533 arg1 properties 555:564 the structural and physicochemical properties 520:564 the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 520:685 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 6 40 theme behavior 871:878 arg1 result 849:854 The result 845:854 The result of the release behavior of the composites 845:896 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 2 41 theme drug 253:256 arg1 carrier 258:264 a biocompatible drug carrier 237:264 a biocompatible drug carrier 237:264 In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. 25518335 6 42 theme HA/CS 961:965 arg1 composites 967:976 60/40 HA/CS composites 955:976 60/40 HA/CS composites 955:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 43 theme release 863:869 arg1 behavior 871:878 the release behavior 859:878 the release behavior of the composites 859:896 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 4 44 dep Fourier 647:653 arg1 transform 655:663 transform 655:663 transform infrared spectroscopy 655:685 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 8 45 dep injury 1420:1425 arg1 applications 1441:1452 applications 1441:1452 applications 1441:1452 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 8 46 from biocompatibility 1337:1352 arg1 release 1282:1288 the controlled release 1267:1288 the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility 1267:1352 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 4 47 theme physicochemical 539:553 arg1 properties 555:564 the structural and physicochemical properties 520:564 the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 520:685 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 7 48 from composites 1190:1199 arg1 extract 1166:1172 the extract liquid 1162:1179 the extract liquid from the composites 1162:1199 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 8 49 theme bone 1415:1418 arg1 injury 1420:1425 bone injury 1415:1425 bone injury 1415:1425 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 7 50 theme cells 1234:1238 arg1 growth 1220:1225 the growth 1216:1225 the growth of the cells 1216:1238 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 25518335 4 51 theme X-ray 625:629 arg1 diffraction 631:641 X-ray diffraction 625:641 X-ray diffraction 625:641 Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25518335 5 52 dep in 755:756 arg1 vitro 758:762 vitro 758:762 vitro 758:762 We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. 25518335 2 53 theme lysostaphin 224:234 arg1 release 213:219 controlled release 202:219 controlled release of lysostaphin 202:234 In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. 25518335 8 54 theme controlled 1271:1280 arg1 release 1282:1288 the controlled release 1267:1288 the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility 1267:1352 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 6 55 theme % 1022:1022 arg1 release 927:933 the controlled release 912:933 the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites 912:976 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 6 55 theme % 1022:1022 arg1 rate 1002:1005 the highest release rate 982:1005 the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)% 982:1022 The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. 25518335 3 56 with composites 364:373 arg1 ratios 397:402 different weight ratios 380:402 different weight ratios of HA 380:408 Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. 25518335 8 57 theme lysostaphin 1293:1303 arg1 release 1282:1288 the controlled release 1267:1288 the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility 1267:1352 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 8 58 from composites 1316:1325 arg1 release 1282:1288 the controlled release 1267:1288 the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility 1267:1352 These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications. 25518335 7 59 from able 1102:1105 arg1 testing 1073:1079 biocompatibility testing 1056:1079 biocompatibility testing 1056:1079 In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. 27236766 5 0 dep 5.75 1081:1084 arg1 to 1078:1079 to 1078:1079 to 1078:1079 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 3 1 from enzyme 674:679 arg1 efficiency 701:710 the efficiency 697:710 the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase 697:751 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 2 2 theme specific 401:408 arg1 substrate 410:418 each specific substrate 396:418 each specific substrate 396:418 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 1 3 theme bioactive 287:295 arg1 oligosaccharides 297:312 bioactive oligosaccharides 287:312 bioactive oligosaccharides 287:312 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 7 4 theme total 1394:1398 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 4 theme total 1394:1398 arg1 amount 1400:1405 The total amount 1390:1405 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides 1390:1431 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 3 5 theme pH 592:593 arg1 effects 581:587 the effects 577:587 the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 577:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 6 theme lower 1223:1227 arg1 40°C 1242:1245 40°C 1242:1245 40°C 1242:1245 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 6 theme lower 1223:1227 arg1 temperature 1229:1239 lower temperature 1223:1239 lower temperature (40°C) 1223:1246 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 4 7 theme central 953:959 arg1 design 981:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design was used. 27236766 6 8 theme 4.5 1162:1164 arg1 pH 1156:1157 A pH 1154:1157 A pH of 4.5 1154:1164 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 3 9 theme lactose 715:721 arg1 hydrolysis 723:732 lactose hydrolysis 715:732 lactose hydrolysis 715:732 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 0 10 theme whey 130:133 arg1 colostrum 120:128 bovine colostrum whey 113:133 bovine colostrum whey permeate 113:142 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 11 dep sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 arg1 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 11 dep sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 arg1 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 11 dep sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides 780:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 780:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 11 dep sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 arg1 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 2 12 theme lactose 333:339 arg1 hydrolysis 341:350 maximum lactose hydrolysis 325:350 maximum lactose hydrolysis 325:350 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 4 13 theme rotatable 971:979 arg1 design 981:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design was used. 27236766 0 14 from preservation 71:82 arg1 colostrum 120:128 bovine colostrum whey 113:133 bovine colostrum whey permeate 113:142 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 5 15 theme operational 1098:1108 arg1 parameters 1110:1119 other operational parameters 1092:1119 other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect 1092:1151 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 3 16 theme reaction 631:638 arg1 min 654:656 6 to 58 min 646:656 6 to 58 min 646:656 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 16 theme reaction 631:638 arg1 time 640:643 reaction time 631:643 reaction time (6 to 58 min) 631:657 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 17 theme enzyme 1271:1276 arg1 time 1208:1211 a shorter reaction time 1189:1211 a shorter reaction time (19 min) 1189:1220 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 17 theme enzyme 1271:1276 arg1 temperature 1229:1239 lower temperature 1223:1239 lower temperature (40°C) 1223:1246 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 17 theme enzyme 1271:1276 arg1 amount 1261:1266 reduced amount 1253:1266 reduced amount of enzyme 1253:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 17 theme enzyme 1271:1276 arg1 40°C 1242:1245 40°C 1242:1245 40°C 1242:1245 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 17 theme enzyme 1271:1276 arg1 enzyme 1271:1276 enzyme 1271:1276 enzyme 1271:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 17 theme enzyme 1271:1276 arg1 min 1217:1219 19 min 1214:1219 19 min 1214:1219 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 4 18 used used 992:995 arg2 design 981:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design was used. 27236766 3 19 theme important 793:801 arg1 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 19 theme important 793:801 arg1 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 19 theme important 793:801 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides 780:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 780:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 19 theme important 793:801 arg1 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 20 theme amount 1261:1266 arg1 use 1182:1184 the use 1178:1184 the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme 1178:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 1 21 theme Enzymatic 145:153 arg1 hydrolysis 155:164 Enzymatic hydrolysis 145:164 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose 145:175 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 6 22 theme reaction 1199:1206 arg1 time 1208:1211 a shorter reaction time 1189:1211 a shorter reaction time (19 min) 1189:1220 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 22 theme reaction 1199:1206 arg1 min 1217:1219 19 min 1214:1219 19 min 1214:1219 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 7 23 theme reaction 1655:1662 arg1 time 1664:1667 reaction time 1655:1667 reaction time 1655:1667 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 6 24 theme time 1208:1211 arg1 use 1182:1184 the use 1178:1184 the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme 1178:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 0 25 theme sialyloligosaccharides 87:108 arg1 preservation 71:82 the preservation 67:82 the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate 67:142 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 7 26 from time 1664:1667 arg1 specificity 1512:1522 specificity 1512:1522 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 26 from time 1664:1667 arg1 stability 1597:1605 the stability 1593:1605 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 26 from time 1664:1667 arg1 oligosaccharides 1614:1629 the oligosaccharides 1610:1629 the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1610:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 0 27 theme bovine 113:118 arg1 colostrum 120:128 bovine colostrum whey 113:133 bovine colostrum whey permeate 113:142 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 5 28 theme β-galactosidase 1010:1024 arg1 activity 1026:1033 β-galactosidase activity 1010:1033 β-galactosidase activity 1010:1033 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 3 29 theme colostrum 926:934 arg1 whey 936:939 bovine colostrum whey 919:939 bovine colostrum whey permeate 919:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 0 30 theme Modeling 0:7 arg1 hydrolysis 17:26 Modeling lactose hydrolysis 0:26 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 0:143 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 1 31 theme oligosaccharides 297:312 arg1 recovery 275:282 the recovery 271:282 the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides 271:312 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 2 32 theme conditions 457:466 arg1 effects 429:435 the effects 425:435 the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides 425:497 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 2 33 from effects 429:435 arg1 oligosaccharides 482:497 the target oligosaccharides 471:497 the target oligosaccharides 471:497 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 3 34 used used 557:560 arg2 methodology 541:551 Response surface methodology 524:551 Response surface methodology 524:551 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 35 theme enzyme 674:679 arg1 effects 581:587 the effects 577:587 the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 577:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 36 theme surface 533:539 arg1 methodology 541:551 Response surface methodology 524:551 Response surface methodology 524:551 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 37 dep 58 651:652 arg1 to 648:649 to 648:649 to 648:649 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 7 38 from oryzae 1560:1565 arg1 specificity 1512:1522 specificity 1512:1522 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 38 from oryzae 1560:1565 arg1 stability 1597:1605 the stability 1593:1605 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 38 from oryzae 1560:1565 arg1 β-galactosidase 1527:1541 β-galactosidase 1527:1541 β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae 1527:1565 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 3 39 theme amount 664:669 arg1 effects 581:587 the effects 577:587 the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 577:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 1 40 theme separations 252:262 arg1 efficiency 207:216 efficiency 207:216 efficiency 207:216 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 1 40 theme separations 252:262 arg1 selectivity 222:232 selectivity 222:232 selectivity 222:232 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 7 41 theme sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 41 theme sialyloligosaccharides 1410:1431 arg1 amount 1400:1405 The total amount 1390:1405 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides 1390:1431 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 6 42 theme reduced 1253:1259 arg1 enzyme 1271:1276 enzyme 1271:1276 enzyme 1271:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 42 theme reduced 1253:1259 arg1 amount 1261:1266 reduced amount 1253:1266 reduced amount of enzyme 1253:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 2 43 theme maximum 325:331 arg1 hydrolysis 341:350 maximum lactose hydrolysis 325:350 maximum lactose hydrolysis 325:350 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 3 44 theme temperature 608:618 arg1 effects 581:587 the effects 577:587 the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 577:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 45 from present 908:914 arg1 whey 936:939 bovine colostrum whey 919:939 bovine colostrum whey permeate 919:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 46 from effects 581:587 arg1 efficiency 701:710 the efficiency 697:710 the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase 697:751 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 46 from effects 581:587 arg1 preservation 764:775 the preservation 760:775 the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 760:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 47 theme temperature 1229:1239 arg1 use 1182:1184 the use 1178:1184 the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme 1178:1276 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 2 48 theme intrinsic 361:369 arg1 optimization 379:390 intrinsic process optimization 361:390 intrinsic process optimization 361:390 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 6 49 dep allowed 1166:1172 arg1 % 1282:1282 0.1% 1279:1282 0.1% 1279:1282 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 3 50 from efficiency 701:710 arg1 effects 581:587 the effects 577:587 the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 577:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 51 theme hydrolysis 723:732 arg1 efficiency 701:710 the efficiency 697:710 the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase 697:751 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 5 52 theme other 1092:1096 arg1 parameters 1110:1119 other operational parameters 1092:1119 other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect 1092:1151 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 4 53 theme composite 961:969 arg1 design 981:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design 951:986 A central composite rotatable design was used. 27236766 7 54 from temperature 1638:1648 arg1 specificity 1512:1522 specificity 1512:1522 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 54 from temperature 1638:1648 arg1 stability 1597:1605 the stability 1593:1605 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 54 from temperature 1638:1648 arg1 oligosaccharides 1614:1629 the oligosaccharides 1610:1629 the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1610:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 3 55 attach present 908:914 arg2 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 55 attach present 908:914 arg2 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 55 attach present 908:914 arg2 sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides 780:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 780:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 55 attach present 908:914 arg1 whey 936:939 bovine colostrum whey 919:939 bovine colostrum whey permeate 919:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 55 attach present 908:914 arg2 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 56 dep whey 936:939 arg1 permeate 941:948 permeate 941:948 permeate 941:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 7 57 from pH 1634:1635 arg1 specificity 1512:1522 specificity 1512:1522 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 57 from pH 1634:1635 arg1 stability 1597:1605 the stability 1593:1605 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 57 from pH 1634:1635 arg1 oligosaccharides 1614:1629 the oligosaccharides 1610:1629 the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1610:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 3 58 from whey 936:939 arg1 present 908:914 present 908:914 present 908:914 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 59 theme sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 arg1 preservation 764:775 the preservation 760:775 the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 760:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 60 theme time 640:643 arg1 effects 581:587 the effects 577:587 the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 577:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 7 61 theme β-galactosidase 1527:1541 arg1 specificity 1512:1522 specificity 1512:1522 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 61 theme β-galactosidase 1527:1541 arg1 stability 1597:1605 the stability 1593:1605 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 6 62 theme shorter 1191:1197 arg1 time 1208:1211 a shorter reaction time 1189:1211 a shorter reaction time (19 min) 1189:1220 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 62 theme shorter 1191:1197 arg1 min 1217:1219 19 min 1214:1219 19 min 1214:1219 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 63 theme higher 1315:1320 arg1 5.75 1326:1329 5.75 1326:1329 5.75 1326:1329 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 6 63 theme higher 1315:1320 arg1 pH 1322:1323 a higher pH 1313:1323 a higher pH (5.75) 1313:1330 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 1 64 theme lactose 169:175 arg1 hydrolysis 155:164 Enzymatic hydrolysis 145:164 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose 145:175 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 3 65 theme bovine 919:924 arg1 whey 936:939 bovine colostrum whey 919:939 bovine colostrum whey permeate 919:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 66 from pH 1322:1323 arg1 hydrolysis 1299:1308 complete hydrolysis 1290:1308 complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) 1290:1330 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 0 67 dep colostrum 120:128 arg1 permeate 135:142 permeate 135:142 permeate 135:142 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 68 theme present 908:914 arg1 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine 867:895 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 68 theme present 908:914 arg1 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 3'-siallylactose 827:842 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 68 theme present 908:914 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 803:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides 780:824 biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate 780:948 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 3 68 theme present 908:914 arg1 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 6'-siallylactose 845:860 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 69 theme complete 1290:1297 arg1 hydrolysis 1299:1308 complete hydrolysis 1290:1308 complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) 1290:1330 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 5 70 contain having 1121:1126 arg2 effect 1146:1151 a less pronounced effect 1128:1151 a less pronounced effect 1128:1151 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 5 70 contain having 1121:1126 arg1 parameters 1110:1119 other operational parameters 1092:1119 other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect 1092:1151 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 0 71 theme lactose 9:15 arg1 hydrolysis 17:26 Modeling lactose hydrolysis 0:26 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 0:143 Modeling lactose hydrolysis for efficiency and selectivity: Toward the preservation of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 5 72 theme pronounced 1135:1144 arg1 effect 1146:1151 a less pronounced effect 1128:1151 a less pronounced effect 1128:1151 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 7 73 from stability 1597:1605 arg1 temperature 1638:1648 temperature 1638:1648 temperature 1638:1648 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 73 from stability 1597:1605 arg1 pH 1634:1635 pH 1634:1635 pH 1634:1635 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 73 from stability 1597:1605 arg1 time 1664:1667 reaction time 1655:1667 reaction time 1655:1667 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 73 from stability 1597:1605 arg1 oryzae 1560:1565 Aspergillus oryzae 1548:1565 Aspergillus oryzae 1548:1565 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 2 74 theme target 475:480 arg1 oligosaccharides 482:497 the target oligosaccharides 471:497 the target oligosaccharides 471:497 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 3 75 theme Response 524:531 arg1 methodology 541:551 Response surface methodology 524:551 Response surface methodology 524:551 Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55°C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6'-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. 27236766 6 76 theme greater 1341:1347 arg1 values 1349:1354 greater values 1341:1354 greater values for these operational parameters 1341:1387 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 27236766 7 77 from specificity 1512:1522 arg1 temperature 1638:1648 temperature 1638:1648 temperature 1638:1648 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 77 from specificity 1512:1522 arg1 pH 1634:1635 pH 1634:1635 pH 1634:1635 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 77 from specificity 1512:1522 arg1 time 1664:1667 reaction time 1655:1667 reaction time 1655:1667 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 77 from specificity 1512:1522 arg1 oryzae 1560:1565 Aspergillus oryzae 1548:1565 Aspergillus oryzae 1548:1565 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 5 78 theme pH 1050:1051 arg1 values 1053:1058 pH values 1050:1058 pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75 1050:1084 In general, β-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. 27236766 7 79 theme oligosaccharides 1614:1629 arg1 specificity 1512:1522 specificity 1512:1522 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 7 79 theme oligosaccharides 1614:1629 arg1 stability 1597:1605 the stability 1593:1605 specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated 1512:1677 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 2 80 theme processing 446:455 arg1 conditions 457:466 those processing conditions 440:466 those processing conditions 440:466 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 7 81 theme reaction 1470:1477 arg1 parameters 1479:1488 the reaction parameters 1466:1488 the reaction parameters evaluated 1466:1498 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. 27236766 2 82 theme process 371:377 arg1 optimization 379:390 intrinsic process optimization 361:390 intrinsic process optimization 361:390 Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. 27236766 1 83 theme membrane-based 237:250 arg1 separations 252:262 membrane-based separations 237:262 membrane-based separations 237:262 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 1 84 dep efficiency 207:216 arg1 the 203:205 the 203:205 the 203:205 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. 27236766 6 85 theme operational 1366:1376 arg1 parameters 1378:1387 these operational parameters 1360:1387 these operational parameters 1360:1387 A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40°C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. 25875737 5 0 theme nebulized 785:793 arg1 iota-carrageenan 801:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 11 1 from conclusion 1523:1532 arg1 safe 1561:1564 safe 1561:1564 safe 1561:1564 In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application. 25875737 3 2 dep native 373:378 arg1 non-degraded 381:392 non-degraded 381:392 non-degraded 381:392 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 6 3 theme iota-carrageenan 902:917 arg1 penetration 887:897 no penetration 884:897 no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa 884:937 Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. 25875737 1 4 theme oral 152:155 arg1 available 169:177 available 169:177 available 169:177 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 1 4 theme oral 152:155 arg1 set 162:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 5 5 theme 0.12 712:715 arg1 % 716:716 % 716:716 % 716:716 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 6 theme 0.12 795:798 arg1 % 799:799 % 799:799 % 799:799 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 7 theme % 799:799 arg1 iota-carrageenan 801:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 7 8 theme toxicity 1160:1167 arg1 studies 1169:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 11 9 theme clinical 1570:1577 arg1 use 1579:1581 clinical use 1570:1581 clinical use 1570:1581 In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application. 25875737 1 10 theme data 157:160 arg1 available 169:177 available 169:177 available 169:177 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 1 10 theme data 157:160 arg1 set 162:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 11 11 theme 0.12 1535:1538 arg1 % 1539:1539 % 1539:1539 % 1539:1539 In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application. 25875737 7 12 theme dose 1155:1158 arg1 studies 1169:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 5 13 from iota-carrageenan 801:816 arg1 rabbits 773:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 10 14 theme in 1419:1420 arg1 assays 1428:1433 in vitro assays 1419:1433 in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan 1419:1517 This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. 25875737 2 15 theme intranasal 272:281 arg1 administration 283:296 intranasal administration 272:296 intranasal administration 272:296 Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. 25875737 10 16 dep in 1419:1420 arg1 vitro 1422:1426 vitro 1422:1426 vitro 1422:1426 This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. 25875737 5 17 theme New 755:757 arg1 rabbits 773:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 18 theme applied 704:710 arg1 iota-carrageenan 718:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan 691:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits 691:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 19 theme repeated 635:642 arg1 tolerance 655:663 repeated dose local tolerance 635:663 repeated dose local tolerance 635:663 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 20 with studies 678:684 arg1 iota-carrageenan 718:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan 691:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits 691:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 20 with studies 678:684 arg1 iota-carrageenan 801:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 7 21 theme due 1086:1088 arg1 effects 1078:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects 1031:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure 1031:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 5 22 theme Zealand 759:765 arg1 rabbits 773:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 6 23 theme nasal 926:930 arg1 mucosa 932:937 nasal mucosa 926:937 nasal mucosa 926:937 Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. 25875737 5 24 theme local 649:653 arg1 tolerance 655:663 repeated dose local tolerance 635:663 repeated dose local tolerance 635:663 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 25 theme dose 644:647 arg1 tolerance 655:663 repeated dose local tolerance 635:663 repeated dose local tolerance 635:663 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 26 theme White 767:771 arg1 rabbits 773:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 27 theme F344 834:837 arg1 rats 839:842 F344 rats 834:842 F344 rats 834:842 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 2 28 theme administration 245:258 arg1 routes 235:240 other routes 229:240 other routes of administration 229:258 Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. 25875737 7 29 dep rabbit 1132:1137 arg1 studies 1169:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 0 30 theme safety 13:18 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Non-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan 0:60 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan. 25875737 4 31 theme applied 510:516 arg1 iota-carrageenan 478:493 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan 457:493 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan 457:493 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 4 31 theme applied 510:516 arg1 compound 534:541 a topically applied, locally acting compound 498:541 a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action 498:604 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 10 32 theme cytokines 1489:1497 arg1 panel 1463:1467 a panel 1461:1467 a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines 1461:1497 This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. 25875737 5 33 theme % 716:716 arg1 iota-carrageenan 718:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan 691:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits 691:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 0 34 theme Non-clinical 0:11 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Non-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan 0:60 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan. 25875737 5 35 theme toxicity 669:676 arg1 studies 678:684 toxicity studies 669:684 toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days 669:853 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 11 36 from safe 1561:1564 arg1 conclusion 1523:1532 conclusion 1523:1532 conclusion 1523:1532 In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application. 25875737 7 37 located observed 1116:1123 arg1 rabbit 1132:1137 the rabbit 1128:1137 the rabbit 1128:1137 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 7 37 located observed 1116:1123 arg1 rat 1142:1144 rat 1142:1144 rat 1142:1144 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 7 37 located observed 1116:1123 arg2 effects 1078:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects 1031:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure 1031:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 10 38 theme panel 1463:1467 arg1 stimulation 1446:1456 no stimulation 1443:1456 no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan 1443:1517 This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. 25875737 3 39 theme native 373:378 arg1 iota-carrageenan 395:410 native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan 373:410 native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan 373:410 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 4 40 theme bioavailability 568:582 arg1 need 551:554 no need 548:554 no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action 548:604 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 5 41 theme Animal 607:612 arg1 experiments 614:624 Animal experiments 607:624 Animal experiments 607:624 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 1 42 theme additive 104:111 arg1 food 99:102 food 99:102 food additive for decades 99:123 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 1 42 theme additive 104:111 arg1 Carrageenan 63:73 Carrageenan 63:73 Carrageenan 63:73 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 10 43 theme pro-inflammatory 1472:1487 arg1 cytokines 1489:1497 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1472:1497 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1472:1497 This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. 25875737 9 44 theme in 1377:1378 arg1 studies 1385:1391 the in vivo studies 1373:1391 the in vivo studies 1373:1391 No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. 25875737 4 45 theme applied 470:476 arg1 compound 534:541 a topically applied, locally acting compound 498:541 a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action 498:604 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 4 45 theme applied 470:476 arg1 iota-carrageenan 478:493 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan 457:493 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan 457:493 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 9 46 located observed 1361:1368 arg2 signs 1308:1312 No signs 1305:1312 No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity 1305:1349 No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. 25875737 9 46 located observed 1361:1368 arg1 studies 1385:1391 the in vivo studies 1373:1391 the in vivo studies 1373:1391 No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. 25875737 1 47 theme public 186:191 arg1 domain 193:198 the public domain 182:198 the public domain 182:198 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 0 48 theme iota-carrageenan 45:60 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Non-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan 0:60 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan. 25875737 6 49 theme blood 995:999 arg1 stream 1001:1006 the blood stream 991:1006 the blood stream 991:1006 Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. 25875737 7 50 theme systemic 1093:1100 arg1 exposure 1102:1109 systemic exposure 1093:1109 systemic exposure 1093:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 0 51 theme intranasal 34:43 arg1 iota-carrageenan 45:60 intranasal iota-carrageenan 34:60 intranasal iota-carrageenan 34:60 Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan. 25875737 1 52 from domain 193:198 arg1 available 169:177 available 169:177 available 169:177 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 1 52 from domain 193:198 arg1 set 162:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 8 53 theme local 1215:1219 arg1 intolerance 1221:1231 local intolerance 1215:1231 local intolerance 1215:1231 Data do not provide any evidence for local intolerance or toxicity, when carrageenan is applied intranasally or by inhalation. 25875737 3 54 theme iota-carrageenan 395:410 arg1 toxicity 361:368 toxicity 361:368 toxicity 361:368 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 3 54 theme iota-carrageenan 395:410 arg1 safety 350:355 non-clinical safety 337:355 non-clinical safety 337:355 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 3 55 dep safety 350:355 arg1 the 333:335 the 333:335 the 333:335 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 4 56 dep applied 510:516 arg1 acting 527:532 acting 527:532 acting 527:532 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 7 57 theme secondary 1052:1060 arg1 effects 1078:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects 1031:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure 1031:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 4 58 theme systemic 559:566 arg1 bioavailability 568:582 systemic bioavailability 559:582 systemic bioavailability 559:582 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 3 59 theme current 303:309 arg1 publication 311:321 The current publication 299:321 The current publication 299:321 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 2 60 theme Less 201:204 arg1 data 206:209 Less data 201:209 Less data 201:209 Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. 25875737 7 61 theme relevant 1034:1041 arg1 effects 1078:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects 1031:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure 1031:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 4 62 with compound 534:541 arg1 need 551:554 no need 548:554 no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action 548:604 Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug's action. 25875737 7 63 with Consistent 1009:1018 arg1 this 1025:1028 this 1025:1028 this 1025:1028 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 7 64 theme pharmacological 1062:1076 arg1 effects 1078:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects 1031:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure 1031:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 6 65 theme Permeation 856:865 arg1 studies 867:873 Permeation studies 856:873 Permeation studies 856:873 Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. 25875737 7 66 theme toxic 1043:1047 arg1 effects 1078:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects 1031:1084 no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure 1031:1109 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 25875737 11 67 theme intranasal 1587:1596 arg1 application 1598:1608 intranasal application 1587:1608 intranasal application 1587:1608 In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application. 25875737 5 68 from iota-carrageenan 718:733 arg1 rabbits 773:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 New Zealand White rabbits 755:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 1 69 from available 169:177 arg1 domain 193:198 the public domain 182:198 the public domain 182:198 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 5 70 with tolerance 655:663 arg1 iota-carrageenan 718:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan 691:733 intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits 691:779 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 5 70 with tolerance 655:663 arg1 iota-carrageenan 801:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan 785:816 Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. 25875737 11 71 theme % 1539:1539 arg1 iota-carrageenan 1541:1556 0.12% iota-carrageenan 1535:1556 0.12% iota-carrageenan 1535:1556 In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application. 25875737 2 72 theme other 229:233 arg1 routes 235:240 other routes 229:240 other routes of administration 229:258 Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. 25875737 1 73 used used 91:94 arg2 Carrageenan 63:73 Carrageenan 63:73 Carrageenan 63:73 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 1 73 used used 91:94 arg2 food 99:102 food 99:102 food additive for decades 99:123 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 3 74 theme non-clinical 337:348 arg1 safety 350:355 non-clinical safety 337:355 non-clinical safety 337:355 The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. 25875737 9 75 dep in 1377:1378 arg1 vivo 1380:1383 vivo 1380:1383 vivo 1380:1383 No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. 25875737 1 76 theme extended 143:150 arg1 available 169:177 available 169:177 available 169:177 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 1 76 theme extended 143:150 arg1 set 162:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 an extended oral data set 140:164 Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. 25875737 7 77 theme repeated 1146:1153 arg1 studies 1169:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 repeated dose toxicity studies 1146:1175 Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. 27381584 5 0 theme particle 803:810 arg1 size 812:815 particle size 803:815 particle size around 20nm 803:827 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 5 1 theme biological 867:876 arg1 applications 878:889 potent biological applications 860:889 potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan 860:968 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 1 2 theme natural 157:163 arg1 Chitosan 112:119 Chitosan 112:119 Chitosan (CS) 112:124 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 1 2 theme natural 157:163 arg1 macromolecule 165:177 a natural macromolecule 155:177 a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 155:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 1 3 theme antimicrobial 257:269 arg1 properties 286:295 its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 241:295 its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 241:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 6 4 theme inhibition 1058:1067 arg1 zone 1050:1053 zone 1050:1053 zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm) 1050:1117 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibits zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm). 27381584 7 5 dep 128μgmL-1 1223:1231 arg1 to 1220:1221 to 1220:1221 to 1220:1221 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 6 from 100μgmL-1 1515:1523 arg1 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 6 from 100μgmL-1 1515:1523 arg1 maximum 1483:1489 a maximum 1481:1489 a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 1481:1523 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 6 from 100μgmL-1 1515:1523 arg1 value 1456:1460 significant IC50 value 1439:1460 significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line 1439:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 3 7 theme reaction 505:512 arg1 temperatures 514:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 8 from concentration 544:556 arg1 temperatures 514:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 7 9 theme bactericidal 1175:1186 arg1 concentration 1188:1200 minimum bactericidal concentration 1167:1200 minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 1167:1206 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 7 9 theme bactericidal 1175:1186 arg1 MBC 1203:1205 MBC 1203:1205 MBC 1203:1205 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 10 theme IC50 1451:1454 arg1 value 1456:1460 significant IC50 value 1439:1460 significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line 1439:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 1 11 theme anticancer 275:284 arg1 properties 286:295 its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 241:295 its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 241:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 7 12 theme Salmonella 1335:1344 arg1 sp 1346:1347 Gram-negative Salmonella sp 1321:1347 Gram-negative Salmonella sp 1321:1347 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 13 theme anticancer 1581:1590 arg1 effect 1592:1597 potent anticancer effect 1574:1597 potent anticancer effect 1574:1597 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 3 14 from temperatures 514:525 arg1 concentration 544:556 an optimised concentration 531:556 an optimised concentration of silver 531:566 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 14 from temperatures 514:525 arg1 reduction 459:467 reduction 459:467 reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures 459:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 14 from temperatures 514:525 arg1 way 452:454 an effective way 439:454 an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures 439:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 15 theme varying 497:503 arg1 temperatures 514:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 1 16 theme properties 286:295 arg1 applications 217:228 medical applications 209:228 medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 209:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 4 17 theme nanocomposites 701:714 arg1 studies 647:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies 584:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 584:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 5 18 theme chitosan 961:968 arg1 biocompatibility 941:956 biocompatibility 941:956 biocompatibility of chitosan 941:968 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 5 18 theme chitosan 961:968 arg1 nanomedicine 894:905 nanomedicine 894:905 nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes 894:935 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 8 19 theme synergistic 1354:1364 arg1 effect 1366:1371 The synergistic effect 1350:1371 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size 1350:1428 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 4 20 theme biosynthesized 662:675 arg1 nanocomposites 701:714 the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 658:714 the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 658:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 5 21 theme CS-Ag 774:778 arg1 nanocomposites 780:793 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 758:793 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 758:793 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 4 22 theme optical 588:594 arg1 studies 647:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies 584:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 584:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 3 23 theme optimised 534:542 arg1 concentration 544:556 an optimised concentration 531:556 an optimised concentration of silver 531:566 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 24 theme effective 442:450 arg1 way 452:454 an effective way 439:454 an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures 439:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 7 25 theme highest 1276:1282 arg1 activity 1298:1305 the highest antimicrobial activity 1272:1305 the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp 1272:1347 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 26 theme significant 1439:1449 arg1 value 1456:1460 significant IC50 value 1439:1460 significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line 1439:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 27 theme potent 1574:1579 arg1 effect 1592:1597 potent anticancer effect 1574:1597 potent anticancer effect 1574:1597 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 0 28 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 investigations 16:29 Physicochemical investigations 0:29 Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver 0:57 Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver nanocomposite as antimicrobial and anticancer agent. 27381584 4 29 theme several 738:744 arg1 techniques 746:755 several techniques 738:755 several techniques 738:755 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 2 30 from usage 372:376 arg1 anticancer 399:408 anticancer 399:408 anticancer 399:408 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 2 30 from usage 372:376 arg1 antimicrobial 381:393 antimicrobial 381:393 antimicrobial 381:393 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 4 31 theme chitosan-silver 677:691 arg1 nanocomposites 701:714 the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 658:714 the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 658:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 0 32 theme biogenic 34:41 arg1 chitosan-silver 43:57 biogenic chitosan-silver 34:57 biogenic chitosan-silver 34:57 Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver nanocomposite as antimicrobial and anticancer agent. 27381584 8 33 theme chitosan 1376:1383 arg1 effect 1366:1371 The synergistic effect 1350:1371 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size 1350:1428 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 3 34 theme silver 561:566 arg1 concentration 544:556 an optimised concentration 531:556 an optimised concentration of silver 531:566 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 34 theme silver 561:566 arg1 way 452:454 an effective way 439:454 an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures 439:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 7 35 theme minimum 1167:1173 arg1 concentration 1188:1200 minimum bactericidal concentration 1167:1200 minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 1167:1206 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 7 35 theme minimum 1167:1173 arg1 MBC 1203:1205 MBC 1203:1205 MBC 1203:1205 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 3 36 theme reduction 459:467 arg1 concentration 544:556 an optimised concentration 531:556 an optimised concentration of silver 531:566 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 36 theme reduction 459:467 arg1 way 452:454 an effective way 439:454 an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures 439:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 5 37 theme potent 860:865 arg1 applications 878:889 potent biological applications 860:889 potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan 860:968 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 6 38 theme nanocomposites 1026:1039 arg1 activity 989:996 The antimicrobial activity 971:996 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 971:1039 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibits zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm). 27381584 2 39 theme noble 308:312 arg1 metal 314:318 a noble metal 306:318 a noble metal 306:318 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 2 39 theme noble 308:312 arg1 Silver 298:303 Silver 298:303 Silver 298:303 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 8 40 theme nanometric 1414:1423 arg1 size 1425:1428 nanometric size 1414:1428 nanometric size 1414:1428 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 6 41 theme CS-Ag 1020:1024 arg1 nanocomposites 1026:1039 the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 1001:1039 the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 1001:1039 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibits zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm). 27381584 7 42 theme minimum 1124:1130 arg1 MIC 1158:1160 MIC 1158:1160 MIC 1158:1160 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 7 42 theme minimum 1124:1130 arg1 concentration 1143:1155 The minimum inhibitory concentration 1120:1155 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1120:1161 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 43 theme cancer 1543:1548 arg1 line 1555:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 44 theme 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 arg1 value 1456:1460 significant IC50 value 1439:1460 significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line 1439:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 5 45 theme nanometric 920:929 arg1 sizes 931:935 their nanometric sizes 914:935 their nanometric sizes 914:935 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 1 46 theme medical 209:215 arg1 applications 217:228 medical applications 209:228 medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 209:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 0 47 theme chitosan-silver 43:57 arg1 investigations 16:29 Physicochemical investigations 0:29 Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver 0:57 Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver nanocomposite as antimicrobial and anticancer agent. 27381584 6 48 theme biosynthesized 1005:1018 arg1 nanocomposites 1026:1039 the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 1001:1039 the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 1001:1039 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibits zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm). 27381584 7 49 theme inhibitory 1132:1141 arg1 MIC 1158:1160 MIC 1158:1160 MIC 1158:1160 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 7 49 theme inhibitory 1132:1141 arg1 concentration 1143:1155 The minimum inhibitory concentration 1120:1155 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1120:1161 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 3 50 from way 452:454 arg1 temperatures 514:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 varying reaction temperatures 497:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 7 51 theme antimicrobial 1284:1296 arg1 activity 1298:1305 the highest antimicrobial activity 1272:1305 the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp 1272:1347 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 3 52 theme chitosan 485:492 arg1 reduction 459:467 reduction 459:467 reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures 459:525 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 7 53 dep 256μgmL-1 1243:1251 arg1 to 1240:1241 to 1240:1241 to 1240:1241 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 54 theme lung 1538:1541 arg1 line 1555:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 1 55 used used 201:204 arg2 macromolecule 165:177 a natural macromolecule 155:177 a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 155:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 1 55 used used 201:204 arg2 Chitosan 112:119 Chitosan 112:119 Chitosan (CS) 112:124 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 2 56 theme wide 339:342 arg1 attention 344:352 wide attention 339:352 wide attention 339:352 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 8 57 theme inhibition 1501:1510 arg1 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 29.35μgmL-1 1465:1475 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 57 theme inhibition 1501:1510 arg1 maximum 1483:1489 a maximum 1481:1489 a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 1481:1523 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 7 58 theme Gram-negative 1321:1333 arg1 sp 1346:1347 Gram-negative Salmonella sp 1321:1347 Gram-negative Salmonella sp 1321:1347 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128μgmL-1 and 16 to 256μgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. 27381584 8 59 theme A549 1533:1536 arg1 line 1555:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 2 60 dep antimicrobial 381:393 arg1 therapeutics 410:421 therapeutics 410:421 therapeutics 410:421 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 4 61 theme CS-Ag 694:698 arg1 nanocomposites 701:714 the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 658:714 the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 658:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 1 62 theme seaweed 129:135 arg1 polysaccharide 137:150 a seaweed polysaccharide 127:150 a seaweed polysaccharide 127:150 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 1 62 theme seaweed 129:135 arg1 Chitosan 112:119 Chitosan 112:119 Chitosan (CS) 112:124 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 27381584 4 63 theme spectral 609:616 arg1 studies 647:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies 584:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 584:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 5 64 from applications 878:889 arg1 biocompatibility 941:956 biocompatibility 941:956 biocompatibility of chitosan 941:968 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 5 64 from applications 878:889 arg1 nanomedicine 894:905 nanomedicine 894:905 nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes 894:935 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 8 65 theme cell 1550:1553 arg1 line 1555:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 A549 lung cancer cell line 1533:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 66 theme maximum 1483:1489 arg1 value 1456:1460 significant IC50 value 1439:1460 significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line 1439:1558 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 3 67 theme using 479:483 arg1 chitosan 485:492 silver using chitosan 472:492 silver using chitosan 472:492 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 3 68 theme silver 472:477 arg1 chitosan 485:492 silver using chitosan 472:492 silver using chitosan 472:492 In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. 27381584 0 69 theme anticancer 94:103 arg1 agent 105:109 anticancer agent 94:109 anticancer agent 94:109 Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver nanocomposite as antimicrobial and anticancer agent. 27381584 5 70 theme synthesized 762:772 arg1 nanocomposites 780:793 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 758:793 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 758:793 The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. 27381584 8 71 theme % 1499:1499 arg1 inhibition 1501:1510 95.56% inhibition 1494:1510 95.56% inhibition 1494:1510 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 4 72 theme elemental 637:645 arg1 studies 647:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies 584:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 584:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 8 73 theme silver 1389:1394 arg1 effect 1366:1371 The synergistic effect 1350:1371 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size 1350:1428 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 8 74 from composite 1401:1409 arg1 size 1425:1428 nanometric size 1414:1428 nanometric size 1414:1428 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 4 75 theme morphological 619:631 arg1 studies 647:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies 584:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 584:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 4 76 theme structural 597:606 arg1 studies 647:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies 584:653 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites 584:714 The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. 27381584 6 77 theme antimicrobial 975:987 arg1 activity 989:996 The antimicrobial activity 971:996 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites 971:1039 The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibits zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm). 27381584 8 78 theme 95.56 1494:1498 arg1 % 1499:1499 % 1499:1499 % 1499:1499 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 2 79 theme potential 362:370 arg1 usage 372:376 its potential usage 358:376 its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics 358:421 Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. 27381584 8 80 from value 1456:1460 arg1 100μgmL-1 1515:1523 100μgmL-1 1515:1523 100μgmL-1 1515:1523 The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35μgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100μgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect. 27381584 1 81 theme distinctive 245:255 arg1 properties 286:295 its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 241:295 its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties 241:295 Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. 28339946 0 0 theme feed 78:81 arg1 amendments 83:92 plum fiber feed amendments 67:92 plum fiber feed amendments 67:92 Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. 28339946 4 1 theme feed 664:667 arg1 additives 669:677 respective feed additives 653:677 respective feed additives 653:677 The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. 28339946 2 2 theme generation 329:338 arg1 NGS 352:354 NGS 352:354 NGS 352:354 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 2 2 theme generation 329:338 arg1 sequencing 340:349 next generation sequencing 324:349 next generation sequencing (NGS) 324:355 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 0 3 theme fiber 72:76 arg1 amendments 83:92 plum fiber feed amendments 67:92 plum fiber feed amendments 67:92 Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. 28339946 3 4 theme 16S 494:496 arg1 data 514:517 16S rRNA sequencing data 494:517 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 494:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 6 5 theme microbiome 1078:1087 arg1 composition 1089:1099 microbiome composition 1078:1099 microbiome composition 1078:1099 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 5 6 theme community 873:881 arg1 data 883:886 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 7 theme taxonomic 932:940 arg1 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 7 theme taxonomic 932:940 arg1 units 942:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units 901:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments 901:1031 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 3 8 theme separate 527:534 arg1 samples 542:548 120 separate cecal samples 523:548 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 523:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 4 9 theme bacterial 699:707 arg1 members 719:725 specific bacterial community members 690:725 specific bacterial community members 690:725 The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. 28339946 5 10 theme learning 794:801 arg1 analysis 832:839 synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis 784:839 synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis 784:839 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 4 11 theme microbiome 761:770 arg1 diversity 744:752 the diversity 740:752 the diversity of the microbiome 740:770 The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. 28339946 5 12 theme bacterial 910:918 arg1 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 12 theme bacterial 910:918 arg1 units 942:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units 901:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments 901:1031 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 13 from learning 794:801 arg1 ecology 816:822 microbial ecology 806:822 microbial ecology 806:822 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 6 14 theme predictable 1106:1116 arg1 way 1118:1120 a predictable way 1104:1120 a predictable way 1104:1120 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 2 15 theme microbiome 407:416 arg1 composition 388:398 the composition 384:398 the composition of the microbiome 384:416 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 1 16 theme feed 173:176 arg1 supplements 178:188 feed supplements 173:188 feed supplements 173:188 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 1 16 theme feed 173:176 arg1 substrates 134:143 other fermentation substrates 115:143 other fermentation substrates 115:143 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 1 16 theme feed 173:176 arg1 prebiotics 100:109 prebiotics 100:109 prebiotics 100:109 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 0 17 theme flock 8:12 arg1 cecal 22:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal 0:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal 0:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. 28339946 2 18 theme flock 289:293 arg1 contents 309:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 6 19 from effects 1155:1161 arg1 gain 1173:1176 weight gain 1166:1176 weight gain 1166:1176 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 6 19 from effects 1155:1161 arg1 conversion 1187:1196 feed conversion 1182:1196 feed conversion 1182:1196 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 5 20 theme 16S 854:856 arg1 rRNA 858:861 16S rRNA 854:861 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 0 21 theme Pasture 0:6 arg1 cecal 22:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal 0:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal 0:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. 28339946 2 22 theme pasture 281:287 arg1 contents 309:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 5 23 theme rRNA 858:861 arg1 data 883:886 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 24 theme microbial 806:814 arg1 ecology 816:822 microbial ecology 806:822 microbial ecology 806:822 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 25 theme operational 920:930 arg1 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 25 theme operational 920:930 arg1 units 942:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units 901:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments 901:1031 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 3 26 theme cecal 536:540 arg1 samples 542:548 120 separate cecal samples 523:548 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 523:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 0 27 theme chicken 14:20 arg1 cecal 22:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal 0:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal 0:26 Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. 28339946 6 28 theme indirect 1146:1153 arg1 effects 1155:1161 indirect effects 1146:1161 indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion 1146:1196 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 3 29 theme additives 618:626 arg1 additives 618:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 3 29 theme additives 618:626 arg1 one 584:586 one 584:586 one 584:586 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 3 29 theme additives 618:626 arg1 prebiotics 593:602 3 prebiotics 591:602 3 prebiotics 591:602 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 2 30 theme next 324:327 arg1 NGS 352:354 NGS 352:354 NGS 352:354 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 2 30 theme next 324:327 arg1 sequencing 340:349 next generation sequencing 324:349 next generation sequencing (NGS) 324:355 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 1 31 theme typical 195:201 arg1 goal 203:206 the typical goal 191:206 the typical goal 191:206 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 5 32 theme specific 901:908 arg1 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 OTU 949:951 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 32 theme specific 901:908 arg1 units 942:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units 901:946 specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments 901:1031 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 33 theme additives 997:1005 arg1 predictive 963:972 predictive 963:972 predictive 963:972 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 2 34 theme fermentation 438:449 arg1 substrates 451:460 fermentation substrates 438:460 fermentation substrates 438:460 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 3 35 theme fiber 607:611 arg1 additives 618:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 5 36 theme microbial 863:871 arg1 data 883:886 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 16S rRNA microbial community data 854:886 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 3 37 theme feed 613:616 arg1 additives 618:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 4 38 theme specific 690:697 arg1 members 719:725 specific bacterial community members 690:725 specific bacterial community members 690:725 The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. 28339946 5 39 theme synthetic 784:792 arg1 SLiME 825:829 SLiME 825:829 SLiME 825:829 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 5 39 theme synthetic 784:792 arg1 learning 794:801 synthetic learning 784:801 synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis 784:839 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 3 40 theme chickens 565:572 arg1 chickens 565:572 chickens 565:572 chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 565:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 3 40 theme chickens 565:572 arg1 groups 555:560 groups 555:560 groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 555:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 1 41 theme other 115:119 arg1 supplements 178:188 feed supplements 173:188 feed supplements 173:188 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 1 41 theme other 115:119 arg1 substrates 134:143 other fermentation substrates 115:143 other fermentation substrates 115:143 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 1 41 theme other 115:119 arg1 prebiotics 100:109 prebiotics 100:109 prebiotics 100:109 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 6 42 theme weight 1166:1171 arg1 gain 1173:1176 weight gain 1166:1176 weight gain 1166:1176 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 6 43 theme feed 1182:1185 arg1 conversion 1187:1196 feed conversion 1182:1196 feed conversion 1182:1196 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 3 44 theme prebiotics 593:602 arg1 additives 618:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 fiber feed additives 607:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 3 44 theme prebiotics 593:602 arg1 one 584:586 one 584:586 one 584:586 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 3 44 theme prebiotics 593:602 arg1 prebiotics 593:602 3 prebiotics 591:602 3 prebiotics 591:602 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 4 45 theme respective 653:662 arg1 additives 669:677 respective feed additives 653:677 respective feed additives 653:677 The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. 28339946 1 46 theme fermentation 121:132 arg1 supplements 178:188 feed supplements 173:188 feed supplements 173:188 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 1 46 theme fermentation 121:132 arg1 substrates 134:143 other fermentation substrates 115:143 other fermentation substrates 115:143 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 1 46 theme fermentation 121:132 arg1 prebiotics 100:109 prebiotics 100:109 prebiotics 100:109 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 6 47 contain have 1141:1144 arg1 diet 1132:1135 diet 1132:1135 diet 1132:1135 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 6 47 contain have 1141:1144 arg2 effects 1155:1161 indirect effects 1146:1161 indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion 1146:1196 The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome. 28339946 4 48 theme community 709:717 arg1 members 719:725 specific bacterial community members 690:725 specific bacterial community members 690:725 The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. 28339946 2 49 theme chicken 295:301 arg1 contents 309:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 2 50 theme cecal 303:307 arg1 contents 309:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 pasture flock chicken cecal contents 281:316 In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. 28339946 0 51 theme plum 67:70 arg1 amendments 83:92 plum fiber feed amendments 67:92 plum fiber feed amendments 67:92 Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. 28339946 5 52 theme particular 981:990 arg1 additives 997:1005 the particular feed additives 977:1005 the particular feed additives used in these experiments 977:1031 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 3 53 theme rRNA 498:501 arg1 data 514:517 16S rRNA sequencing data 494:517 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 494:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 3 54 from groups 555:560 arg1 samples 542:548 120 separate cecal samples 523:548 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 523:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28339946 1 55 theme weight 222:227 arg1 gain 229:232 weight gain 222:232 weight gain 222:232 When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. 28339946 5 56 theme feed 992:995 arg1 additives 997:1005 the particular feed additives 977:1005 the particular feed additives used in these experiments 977:1031 We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. 28339946 3 57 theme sequencing 503:512 arg1 data 514:517 16S rRNA sequencing data 494:517 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives 494:626 We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. 28576004 2 0 theme HT-29 496:500 arg1 cells 502:506 HT-29 cells 496:506 HT-29 cells 496:506 The resultant composite nanocarriers exhibited low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 28576004 1 1 dep poly 293:296 arg1 FA-CS 361:365 FA-CS 361:365 FA-CS 361:365 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 1 1 dep poly 293:296 arg1 chitosan 351:358 modified chitosan 342:358 modified chitosan (FA-CS) 342:366 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 1 2 theme composite 243:251 arg1 nanocarriers 253:264 the composite nanocarriers 239:264 the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) 239:366 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 1 2 theme composite 243:251 arg1 PLGA/FA-CS 267:276 PLGA/FA-CS 267:276 PLGA/FA-CS 267:276 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 3 3 theme fluid 729:733 arg1 presence 644:651 presence 644:651 presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively 644:775 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 1 4 theme insulin 154:160 arg1 bioavailability 162:176 insulin bioavailability 154:176 insulin bioavailability 154:176 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 0 5 theme self 99:102 arg1 assembly 104:111 electrostatic self assembly 85:111 electrostatic self assembly 85:111 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 1 6 theme folic 331:335 arg1 acid 337:340 folic acid 331:340 folic acid 331:340 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 4 7 theme uptake 782:787 arg1 behavior 789:796 The uptake behavior 778:796 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells 778:811 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. 28576004 0 8 theme electrostatic 85:97 arg1 assembly 104:111 electrostatic self assembly 85:111 electrostatic self assembly 85:111 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 5 9 theme insulin 1000:1006 arg1 injection 987:995 subcutaneous injection 974:995 subcutaneous injection of insulin 974:1006 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, an effective hypoglycemic effect was obtained compared with subcutaneous injection of insulin. 28576004 3 10 theme chemical 562:569 arg1 stability 571:579 The chemical stability 558:579 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme 558:622 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 1 11 theme modified 342:349 arg1 FA-CS 361:365 FA-CS 361:365 FA-CS 361:365 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 1 11 theme modified 342:349 arg1 chitosan 351:358 modified chitosan 342:358 modified chitosan (FA-CS) 342:366 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 6 12 theme oral 1116:1119 arg1 administration 1121:1134 oral administration 1116:1134 oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1116:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 2 13 theme excellent 512:520 arg1 stability 522:530 excellent stability 512:530 excellent stability 512:530 The resultant composite nanocarriers exhibited low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 28576004 6 14 theme biomacromolecules 1157:1173 arg1 administration 1121:1134 oral administration 1116:1134 oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1116:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 4 15 theme HT-29 801:805 arg1 cells 807:811 HT-29 cells 801:811 HT-29 cells 801:811 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. 28576004 2 16 theme composite 438:446 arg1 nanocarriers 448:459 The resultant composite nanocarriers 424:459 The resultant composite nanocarriers 424:459 The resultant composite nanocarriers exhibited low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 28576004 3 17 theme loaded 584:589 arg1 insulin 591:597 loaded insulin 584:597 loaded insulin 584:597 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 2 18 theme resultant 428:436 arg1 nanocarriers 448:459 The resultant composite nanocarriers 424:459 The resultant composite nanocarriers 424:459 The resultant composite nanocarriers exhibited low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 28576004 3 19 theme insulin 591:597 arg1 stability 571:579 The chemical stability 558:579 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme 558:622 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 1 20 theme multiple 191:198 arg1 barriers 200:207 multiple barriers 191:207 multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin 191:236 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 4 21 theme laser 839:843 arg1 microscope 854:863 confocal laser scanning microscope 830:863 confocal laser scanning microscope 830:863 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. 28576004 5 22 theme subcutaneous 974:985 arg1 injection 987:995 subcutaneous injection 974:995 subcutaneous injection of insulin 974:1006 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, an effective hypoglycemic effect was obtained compared with subcutaneous injection of insulin. 28576004 6 23 theme drug 1091:1094 arg1 system 1105:1110 a promising drug delivery system 1079:1110 a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1079:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 6 23 theme drug 1091:1094 arg1 nanocarriers 1059:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 0 24 theme poly 15:18 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite 0:66 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 0 25 theme oral 117:120 arg1 delivery 122:129 oral delivery 117:129 oral delivery of insulin 117:140 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 3 26 theme fluid 674:678 arg1 presence 644:651 presence 644:651 presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively 644:775 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 5 27 theme effective 917:925 arg1 effect 940:945 an effective hypoglycemic effect 914:945 an effective hypoglycemic effect 914:945 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, an effective hypoglycemic effect was obtained compared with subcutaneous injection of insulin. 28576004 6 28 theme promising 1081:1089 arg1 system 1105:1110 a promising drug delivery system 1079:1110 a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1079:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 6 28 theme promising 1081:1089 arg1 nanocarriers 1059:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 0 29 theme insulin 134:140 arg1 delivery 122:129 oral delivery 117:129 oral delivery of insulin 117:140 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 4 30 theme confocal 830:837 arg1 microscope 854:863 confocal laser scanning microscope 830:863 confocal laser scanning microscope 830:863 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. 28576004 3 31 contain containing 686:695 arg1 fluid 674:678 simulated gastric fluid 656:678 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin 656:702 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 31 contain containing 686:695 arg2 pepsin 697:702 pepsin 697:702 pepsin 697:702 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 31 contain containing 686:695 arg1 SGF 681:683 SGF 681:683 SGF 681:683 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 1 32 theme oral 213:216 arg1 delivery 218:225 oral delivery 213:225 oral delivery of insulin 213:236 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 2 33 theme low 471:473 arg1 cytotoxicity 475:486 low cytotoxicity 471:486 low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution 471:555 The resultant composite nanocarriers exhibited low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 28576004 0 34 theme lactic-co-glycolic 20:37 arg1 poly 15:18 poly 15:18 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) 15:43 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 0 34 theme lactic-co-glycolic 20:37 arg1 acid 39:42 lactic-co-glycolic acid 20:42 lactic-co-glycolic acid 20:42 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 3 35 theme simulated 656:664 arg1 fluid 674:678 simulated gastric fluid 656:678 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin 656:702 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 35 theme simulated 656:664 arg1 SGF 681:683 SGF 681:683 SGF 681:683 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 5 36 theme oral 872:875 arg1 administration 877:890 oral administration 872:890 oral administration to the diabetic rats 872:911 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, an effective hypoglycemic effect was obtained compared with subcutaneous injection of insulin. 28576004 2 37 theme protein 540:546 arg1 solution 548:555 protein solution 540:555 protein solution 540:555 The resultant composite nanocarriers exhibited low cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 28576004 3 38 theme gastric 666:672 arg1 fluid 674:678 simulated gastric fluid 656:678 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin 656:702 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 38 theme gastric 666:672 arg1 SGF 681:683 SGF 681:683 SGF 681:683 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 4 39 theme scanning 845:852 arg1 microscope 854:863 confocal laser scanning microscope 830:863 confocal laser scanning microscope 830:863 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. 28576004 5 40 theme hypoglycemic 927:938 arg1 effect 940:945 an effective hypoglycemic effect 914:945 an effective hypoglycemic effect 914:945 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, an effective hypoglycemic effect was obtained compared with subcutaneous injection of insulin. 28576004 3 41 theme simulated 708:716 arg1 SIF 736:738 SIF 736:738 SIF 736:738 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 41 theme simulated 708:716 arg1 fluid 729:733 simulated intestinal fluid 708:733 simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively 708:775 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 6 42 theme delivery 1096:1103 arg1 system 1105:1110 a promising drug delivery system 1079:1110 a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1079:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 6 42 theme delivery 1096:1103 arg1 nanocarriers 1059:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 3 43 theme digestive 607:615 arg1 enzyme 617:622 digestive enzyme 607:622 digestive enzyme 607:622 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 1 44 theme electrostatic 388:400 arg1 method 416:421 electrostatic self-assembly method 388:421 electrostatic self-assembly method 388:421 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 4 45 theme cells 807:811 arg1 behavior 789:796 The uptake behavior 778:796 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells 778:811 The uptake behavior of HT-29 cells was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. 28576004 3 46 contain containing 741:750 arg2 pancreatin 752:761 pancreatin 752:761 pancreatin 752:761 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 46 contain containing 741:750 arg1 fluid 729:733 simulated intestinal fluid 708:733 simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively 708:775 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 46 contain containing 741:750 arg1 SIF 736:738 SIF 736:738 SIF 736:738 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 5 47 theme diabetic 899:906 arg1 rats 908:911 the diabetic rats 895:911 the diabetic rats 895:911 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, an effective hypoglycemic effect was obtained compared with subcutaneous injection of insulin. 28576004 1 48 theme self-assembly 402:414 arg1 method 416:421 electrostatic self-assembly method 388:421 electrostatic self-assembly method 388:421 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 0 49 dep poly 15:18 arg1 composite 58:66 composite 58:66 composite 58:66 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 6 50 theme other 1151:1155 arg1 biomacromolecules 1157:1173 other biomacromolecules 1151:1173 other biomacromolecules 1151:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 1 51 theme insulin 230:236 arg1 delivery 218:225 oral delivery 213:225 oral delivery of insulin 213:236 To improve insulin bioavailability and overcome multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin, the composite nanocarriers (PLGA/FA-CS) prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) and folic acid modified chitosan (FA-CS) were fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly method. 28576004 6 52 theme composite 1049:1057 arg1 system 1105:1110 a promising drug delivery system 1079:1110 a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1079:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 6 52 theme composite 1049:1057 arg1 nanocarriers 1059:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 0 53 theme chitosan 49:56 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite 0:66 Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. 28576004 3 54 theme intestinal 718:727 arg1 SIF 736:738 SIF 736:738 SIF 736:738 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 3 54 theme intestinal 718:727 arg1 fluid 729:733 simulated intestinal fluid 708:733 simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively 708:775 The chemical stability of loaded insulin against digestive enzyme were established in presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing pancreatin, respectively. 28576004 6 55 theme insulin 1139:1145 arg1 administration 1121:1134 oral administration 1116:1134 oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1116:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 6 56 theme as-prepared 1037:1047 arg1 system 1105:1110 a promising drug delivery system 1079:1110 a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules 1079:1173 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 28576004 6 56 theme as-prepared 1037:1047 arg1 nanocarriers 1059:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 the as-prepared composite nanocarriers 1033:1070 This work suggests that the as-prepared composite nanocarriers may be a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of insulin and other biomacromolecules. 25766788 9 0 theme cells 1561:1565 arg1 images 1551:1556 in vitro MR images 1539:1556 in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP 1539:1623 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 6 1 theme relaxation 1198:1207 arg1 properties 1209:1218 promising magnetic relaxation properties 1179:1218 promising magnetic relaxation properties 1179:1218 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 3 2 theme co-precipitation 536:551 arg1 methods 553:559 co-precipitation methods 536:559 co-precipitation methods 536:559 Previous studies focused on the adsorption of GA onto MNPs produced by co-precipitation methods. 25766788 1 3 theme seyal 259:263 arg1 exudates 221:228 exudates 221:228 exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 221:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 4 4 theme layer 814:818 arg1 stability 789:797 the stability 785:797 the stability of the coating layer 785:818 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 7 5 theme efficiency 1345:1354 arg1 studies 1356:1362 cell-labeling efficiency studies 1331:1362 cell-labeling efficiency studies 1331:1362 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 4 6 theme uniform 642:648 arg1 particles 650:658 uniform particles 642:658 uniform particles with better crystalline properties 642:693 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 6 7 theme promising 1179:1187 arg1 properties 1209:1218 promising magnetic relaxation properties 1179:1218 promising magnetic relaxation properties 1179:1218 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 10 8 theme obtained 1674:1681 arg1 results 1683:1689 The obtained results 1670:1689 The obtained results 1670:1689 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 6 9 theme cores 1097:1101 arg1 Clusters 1068:1075 Clusters 1068:1075 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA 1068:1128 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 10 10 theme magnetic 1711:1718 arg1 agent 1763:1767 a MRI contrast agent 1748:1767 a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications 1748:1798 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 10 10 theme magnetic 1711:1718 arg1 nanosystem 1720:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 9 11 theme GA-coated 1611:1619 arg1 MNP 1621:1623 GA-coated MNP 1611:1623 GA-coated MNP 1611:1623 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 7 12 theme cytotoxicity 1303:1314 arg1 evaluation 1316:1325 in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation 1294:1325 in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation 1294:1325 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 1 13 theme composite 183:191 arg1 arabic 154:159 Gum arabic 150:159 Gum arabic (GA) 150:164 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 13 theme composite 183:191 arg1 polysaccharide 193:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide 169:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 169:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 2 14 dep biocompatible 278:290 arg1 explored 355:362 explored 355:362 has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 346:462 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 2 14 dep biocompatible 278:290 arg1 possesses 293:301 possesses 293:301 possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties 293:340 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 7 15 theme in 1294:1295 arg1 evaluation 1316:1325 in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation 1294:1325 in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation 1294:1325 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 9 16 theme contrast 1648:1655 arg1 enhancement 1657:1667 dose-dependent contrast enhancement 1633:1667 dose-dependent contrast enhancement 1633:1667 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 5 17 theme acac 875:878 arg1 decomposition 855:867 thermal decomposition 847:867 thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 847:880 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 6 18 theme /r1 1224:1226 arg1 ratio 1228:1232 r2 /r1 ratio 1221:1232 r2 /r1 ratio of 350 1221:1239 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 10 19 theme contrast 1754:1761 arg1 nanosystem 1720:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 10 19 theme contrast 1754:1761 arg1 agent 1763:1767 a MRI contrast agent 1748:1767 a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications 1748:1798 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 7 20 theme carcinoma 1261:1269 arg1 line 1276:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 4 21 theme crystalline 672:682 arg1 properties 684:693 better crystalline properties 665:693 better crystalline properties 665:693 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 0 22 theme oxide 60:64 arg1 nanoparticles 66:78 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 37:78 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling 37:100 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 5 23 theme GA 1055:1056 arg1 moieties 1058:1065 GA moieties 1055:1065 GA moieties 1055:1065 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 1 24 theme Gum 150:152 arg1 polysaccharide 193:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide 169:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 169:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 24 theme Gum 150:152 arg1 GA 162:163 GA 162:163 GA 162:163 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 24 theme Gum 150:152 arg1 arabic 154:159 Gum arabic 150:159 Gum arabic (GA) 150:164 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 25 dep senegal 240:246 arg1 trees 265:269 trees 265:269 trees 265:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 5 26 theme Fe 872:873 arg1 acac 875:878 Fe(acac)3 872:880 Fe(acac)3 872:880 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 8 27 theme GA 1424:1425 arg1 coating 1427:1433 GA coating 1424:1433 GA coating 1424:1433 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 0 28 theme cell 88:91 arg1 labeling 93:100 MRI cell labeling 84:100 MRI cell labeling 84:100 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 5 29 theme bond 1033:1036 arg1 establishment 1005:1017 the establishment 1001:1017 the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties 1001:1065 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 4 30 theme amine 755:759 arg1 groups 761:766 its free amine groups 746:766 its free amine groups 746:766 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 2 31 theme nanomaterials 384:396 arg1 agent 375:379 coating agent 367:379 coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 367:462 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 7 32 theme colorectal 1250:1259 arg1 line 1276:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 8 33 theme cellular 1448:1455 arg1 uptake 1457:1462 MNP cellular uptake 1444:1462 MNP cellular uptake 1444:1462 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 0 34 theme Covalent 0:7 arg1 coupling 9:16 Covalent coupling 0:16 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 0:148 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 5 35 theme organic 885:891 arg1 solvent 893:899 organic solvent 885:899 organic solvent 885:899 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 2 36 theme magnetic 434:441 arg1 nanoparticles 443:455 magnetic nanoparticles 434:455 namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 427:462 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 2 36 theme magnetic 434:441 arg1 nanomaterials 384:396 nanomaterials 384:396 nanomaterials for biomedical applications 384:424 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 2 36 theme magnetic 434:441 arg1 MNPs 458:461 MNPs 458:461 MNPs 458:461 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 6 37 theme GA 1127:1128 arg1 shell 1118:1122 a shell 1116:1122 a shell of GA 1116:1128 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 4 38 theme GA 735:736 arg1 coupling 723:730 the covalent coupling 710:730 the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer 710:818 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 8 39 from IC50 1417:1420 arg1 administration 1384:1397 administration 1384:1397 administration at the respective IC50 1384:1420 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 4 40 with particles 650:658 arg1 properties 684:693 better crystalline properties 665:693 better crystalline properties 665:693 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 2 41 theme biomedical 402:411 arg1 applications 413:424 biomedical applications 402:424 biomedical applications 402:424 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 0 42 theme arabic 25:30 arg1 coupling 9:16 Covalent coupling 0:16 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 0:148 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 0 43 theme superparamagnetic 37:53 arg1 nanoparticles 66:78 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 37:78 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling 37:100 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 2 44 contain possesses 293:301 arg1 It 272:273 It 272:273 It 272:273 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 2 44 contain possesses 293:301 arg2 properties 331:340 emulsifying and stabilizing properties 303:340 emulsifying and stabilizing properties 303:340 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 9 45 theme increasing 1582:1591 arg1 concentrations 1593:1606 increasing concentrations 1582:1606 increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP 1582:1623 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 2 46 theme stabilizing 319:329 arg1 properties 331:340 emulsifying and stabilizing properties 303:340 emulsifying and stabilizing properties 303:340 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 9 47 theme in 1539:1540 arg1 images 1551:1556 in vitro MR images 1539:1556 in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP 1539:1623 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 8 48 theme DMSA 1511:1514 arg1 moieties 1516:1523 only DMSA moieties 1506:1523 only DMSA moieties 1506:1523 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 3 49 theme GA 511:512 arg1 adsorption 497:506 the adsorption 493:506 the adsorption of GA onto MNPs produced by co-precipitation methods 493:559 Previous studies focused on the adsorption of GA onto MNPs produced by co-precipitation methods. 25766788 6 50 dep stability 1165:1173 arg1 ratio 1228:1232 r2 /r1 ratio 1221:1232 r2 /r1 ratio of 350 1221:1239 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 9 51 theme MR 1548:1549 arg1 images 1551:1556 in vitro MR images 1539:1556 in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP 1539:1623 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 4 52 theme thermal 595:601 arg1 method 617:622 a thermal decomposition method 593:622 a thermal decomposition method 593:622 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 6 53 theme r2 1221:1222 arg1 ratio 1228:1232 r2 /r1 ratio 1221:1232 r2 /r1 ratio of 350 1221:1239 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 1 54 theme senegal 240:246 arg1 exudates 221:228 exudates 221:228 exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 221:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 10 55 used used 1740:1743 arg2 nanosystem 1720:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 10 55 used used 1740:1743 arg2 agent 1763:1767 a MRI contrast agent 1748:1767 a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications 1748:1798 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 6 56 theme magnetic 1189:1196 arg1 properties 1209:1218 promising magnetic relaxation properties 1179:1218 promising magnetic relaxation properties 1179:1218 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 4 57 theme coating 806:812 arg1 layer 814:818 the coating layer 802:818 the coating layer 802:818 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 2 58 theme emulsifying 303:313 arg1 properties 331:340 emulsifying and stabilizing properties 303:340 emulsifying and stabilizing properties 303:340 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 7 59 dep in 1294:1295 arg1 vitro 1297:1301 vitro 1297:1301 vitro 1297:1301 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 7 60 theme cell-labeling 1331:1343 arg1 studies 1356:1362 cell-labeling efficiency studies 1331:1362 cell-labeling efficiency studies 1331:1362 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 0 61 theme in 123:124 arg1 characterization 132:147 in vitro characterization 123:147 in vitro characterization 123:147 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 10 62 theme GA 1708:1709 arg1 agent 1763:1767 a MRI contrast agent 1748:1767 a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications 1748:1798 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 10 62 theme GA 1708:1709 arg1 nanosystem 1720:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 1 63 theme hydrophilic 171:181 arg1 arabic 154:159 Gum arabic 150:159 Gum arabic (GA) 150:164 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 63 theme hydrophilic 171:181 arg1 polysaccharide 193:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide 169:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 169:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 6 64 theme magnetic 1088:1095 arg1 cores 1097:1101 several magnetic cores 1080:1101 several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA 1080:1128 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 9 65 theme MNP 1621:1623 arg1 concentrations 1593:1606 increasing concentrations 1582:1606 increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP 1582:1623 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 5 66 with ligand-exchange 912:926 arg1 DMSA 967:970 DMSA 967:970 DMSA 967:970 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 5 66 with ligand-exchange 912:926 arg1 acid 961:964 meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid 933:964 meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) 933:971 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 9 67 theme dose-dependent 1633:1646 arg1 enhancement 1657:1667 dose-dependent contrast enhancement 1633:1667 dose-dependent contrast enhancement 1633:1667 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 6 68 theme good 1150:1153 arg1 stability 1165:1173 good colloidal stability 1150:1173 good colloidal stability 1150:1173 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 9 69 dep in 1539:1540 arg1 vitro 1542:1546 vitro 1542:1546 vitro 1542:1546 Accordingly, in vitro MR images of cells incubated with increasing concentrations of GA-coated MNP present dose-dependent contrast enhancement. 25766788 6 70 theme 350 1237:1239 arg1 ratio 1228:1232 r2 /r1 ratio 1221:1232 r2 /r1 ratio of 350 1221:1239 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 5 71 theme covalent 1024:1031 arg1 bond 1033:1036 a covalent bond 1022:1036 a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties 1022:1065 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 7 72 used used 1285:1288 arg2 line 1276:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 6 73 theme several 1080:1086 arg1 cores 1097:1101 several magnetic cores 1080:1101 several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA 1080:1128 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 8 74 theme respective 1406:1415 arg1 IC50 1417:1420 the respective IC50 1402:1420 the respective IC50 1402:1420 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 10 75 theme MRI 1750:1752 arg1 nanosystem 1720:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 the GA magnetic nanosystem 1704:1729 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 10 75 theme MRI 1750:1752 arg1 agent 1763:1767 a MRI contrast agent 1748:1767 a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications 1748:1798 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 5 76 theme thermal 847:853 arg1 decomposition 855:867 thermal decomposition 847:867 thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 847:880 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 7 77 theme cell 1271:1274 arg1 line 1276:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line 1243:1279 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line was used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell-labeling efficiency studies. 25766788 4 78 theme better 665:670 arg1 properties 684:693 better crystalline properties 665:693 better crystalline properties 665:693 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 0 79 theme MRI 84:86 arg1 labeling 93:100 MRI cell labeling 84:100 MRI cell labeling 84:100 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 0 80 dep in 123:124 arg1 vitro 126:130 vitro 126:130 vitro 126:130 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 8 81 theme MNP 1444:1446 arg1 uptake 1457:1462 MNP cellular uptake 1444:1462 MNP cellular uptake 1444:1462 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 4 82 used used 701:704 arg2 MNPs 576:579 MNPs 576:579 MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, 576:694 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 4 83 theme free 750:753 arg1 groups 761:766 its free amine groups 746:766 its free amine groups 746:766 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 4 84 theme covalent 714:721 arg1 coupling 723:730 the covalent coupling 710:730 the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer 710:818 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 25766788 2 85 theme coating 367:373 arg1 agent 375:379 coating agent 367:379 coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 367:462 It is biocompatible, possesses emulsifying and stabilizing properties and has been explored as coating agent of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, namely magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 25766788 0 86 theme gum 21:23 arg1 arabic 25:30 gum arabic 21:30 gum arabic 21:30 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 6 87 theme colloidal 1155:1163 arg1 stability 1165:1173 good colloidal stability 1150:1173 good colloidal stability 1150:1173 Clusters of several magnetic cores entrapped in a shell of GA were obtained, with good colloidal stability and promising magnetic relaxation properties (r2 /r1 ratio of 350). 25766788 3 88 theme Previous 465:472 arg1 studies 474:480 Previous studies 465:480 Previous studies 465:480 Previous studies focused on the adsorption of GA onto MNPs produced by co-precipitation methods. 25766788 10 89 theme cell-labeling 1773:1785 arg1 applications 1787:1798 cell-labeling applications 1773:1798 cell-labeling applications 1773:1798 The obtained results suggest that the GA magnetic nanosystem could be used as a MRI contrast agent for cell-labeling applications. 25766788 0 90 theme iron 55:58 arg1 nanoparticles 66:78 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 37:78 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling 37:100 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 5 91 theme GA 974:975 arg1 coating 977:983 GA coating 974:983 GA coating 974:983 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 8 92 theme only 1506:1509 arg1 moieties 1516:1523 only DMSA moieties 1506:1523 only DMSA moieties 1506:1523 We show that, upon administration at the respective IC50 , GA coating enhances MNP cellular uptake by 19 times compared to particles bearing only DMSA moieties. 25766788 5 93 theme meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic 933:959 arg1 DMSA 967:970 DMSA 967:970 DMSA 967:970 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 5 93 theme meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic 933:959 arg1 acid 961:964 meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid 933:964 meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) 933:971 The MNPs were produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in organic solvent and, after ligand-exchange with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), GA coating was achieved by the establishment of a covalent bond between DMSA and GA moieties. 25766788 1 94 attach derived 208:214 arg2 arabic 154:159 Gum arabic 150:159 Gum arabic (GA) 150:164 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 94 attach derived 208:214 arg2 polysaccharide 193:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide 169:206 a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 169:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 1 94 attach derived 208:214 arg1 exudates 221:228 exudates 221:228 exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees 221:269 Gum arabic (GA) is a hydrophilic composite polysaccharide derived from exudates of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. 25766788 0 95 dep coupling 9:16 arg1 characterization 132:147 in vitro characterization 123:147 in vitro characterization 123:147 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 0 95 dep coupling 9:16 arg1 physicochemical 103:117 physicochemical 103:117 physicochemical 103:117 Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical and in vitro characterization. 25766788 4 96 theme decomposition 603:615 arg1 method 617:622 a thermal decomposition method 593:622 a thermal decomposition method 593:622 In this work, MNPs produced by a thermal decomposition method, known to produce uniform particles with better crystalline properties, were used for the covalent coupling of GA through its free amine groups, which increases the stability of the coating layer. 26077122 6 0 theme stability 850:858 arg1 constants 860:868  1 stability constants 847:868  1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes 847:907 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 5 1 theme peracetyl 663:671 arg1 γCD 673:675 peracetyl γCD 663:675 peracetyl γCD 663:675 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 1 2 theme aromatic 146:153 arg1 CDs 195:197 CDs 195:197 CDs 195:197 This paper describes the interaction between aromatic esters and peracetylated cyclodextrins (CDs) studied by NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3). 26077122 1 2 theme aromatic 146:153 arg1 esters 155:160 aromatic esters 146:160 aromatic esters 146:160 This paper describes the interaction between aromatic esters and peracetylated cyclodextrins (CDs) studied by NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3). 26077122 4 3 theme signal 570:575 arg1 drifts 577:582 water signal drifts 564:582 water signal drifts in all studied cases 564:603 Higher CD concentrations resulted in water signal drifts in all studied cases. 26077122 5 4 dep showed 724:729 arg1 reversed 731:738 reversed 731:738 reversed 731:738 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 6 5 theme  1 847:848 arg1 constants 860:868  1 stability constants 847:868  1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes 847:907 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 7 6 theme  1 1014:1015 arg1 constants 1027:1035  1 stability constants 1014:1035  1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1014:1074 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 2 7 theme aromatic 345:352 arg1 ester 360:364 an aromatic alkyl ester 342:364 an aromatic alkyl ester 342:364 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 4 8 theme water 564:568 arg1 drifts 577:582 water signal drifts 564:582 water signal drifts in all studied cases 564:603 Higher CD concentrations resulted in water signal drifts in all studied cases. 26077122 0 9 theme residual 85:92 arg1 water 94:98 residual water 85:98 residual water 85:98 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 0 10 from Complexes 0:8 arg1 medium 65:70 a non-aqueous aprotic medium 43:70 a non-aqueous aprotic medium 43:70 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 6 11 from range 933:937 arg1 CDCl3 942:946 CDCl3 942:946 CDCl3 942:946 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 7 12 dep 1  1011:1012 arg1 range 1093:1097 this range 1088:1097 this range 1088:1097 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 7 12 dep 1  1011:1012 arg1 possible 1150:1157 possible 1150:1157 possible 1150:1157 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 2 13 theme shift 280:284 arg1 changes 286:292 The observed chemical shift changes 258:292 The observed chemical shift changes 258:292 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 8 14 theme nanoconfined 1216:1227 arg1 aspects 1199:1205 dynamic aspects 1191:1205 dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined 1191:1227 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 4 15 from drifts 577:582 arg1 cases 599:603 all studied cases 587:603 all studied cases 587:603 Higher CD concentrations resulted in water signal drifts in all studied cases. 26077122 2 16 theme chemical 271:278 arg1 changes 286:292 The observed chemical shift changes 258:292 The observed chemical shift changes 258:292 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 6 17 theme estimated 834:842 arg1 1  844:845 The estimated 1  830:845 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 830:994 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 7 18 theme CD  1055:1057 arg1 complexes 1066:1074 the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1041:1074 the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1041:1074 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 2 19 theme observed 262:269 arg1 changes 286:292 The observed chemical shift changes 258:292 The observed chemical shift changes 258:292 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 3 20 theme chemical 423:430 arg1 determination 438:450 substituent chemical shift determination 411:450 substituent chemical shift determination 411:450 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 0 21 theme water 94:98 arg1 role 77:80 the role 73:80 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 0:99 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 6 22 theme M 927:927 arg1 range 933:937 the 50-150 M(-1) range 916:937 the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3 916:946 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 3 23 theme molecule 517:524 arg1 content 484:490 the low water content 470:490 the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule 470:524 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 6 24 theme calculation 977:987 arg1 error 989:993 a relatively large calculation error 958:993 a relatively large calculation error 958:993 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 2 25 theme peracetylated 377:389 arg1 CDs 391:393 peracetylated CDs 377:393 peracetylated CDs 377:393 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 7 26 dep 1  1104:1105 arg1  2 1107:1108  2 1107:1108  2 1107:1108 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 7 26 dep 1  1104:1105 arg1 compositions 1128:1139  1 complex compositions 1117:1139 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions 1104:1139 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 7 26 dep 1  1104:1105 arg1 2  1114:1115 2  1114:1115 2  1114:1115 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 5 27 theme host 810:813 arg1 concentration 815:827 host concentration 810:827 host concentration 810:827 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 7 28 theme  ester 1059:1064 arg1 complexes 1066:1074 the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1041:1074 the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1041:1074 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 3 29 theme substituent 411:421 arg1 determination 438:450 substituent chemical shift determination 411:450 substituent chemical shift determination 411:450 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 0 30 theme cyclodextrin 27:38 arg1 Complexes 0:8 Complexes 0:8 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 0:99 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 4 31 theme CD 534:535 arg1 concentrations 537:550 Higher CD concentrations 527:550 Higher CD concentrations 527:550 Higher CD concentrations resulted in water signal drifts in all studied cases. 26077122 5 32 theme γCD 673:675 arg1 sample 653:658 a completely dry sample 636:658 a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD 636:675 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 0 33 theme peracetylated 13:25 arg1 cyclodextrin 27:38 peracetylated cyclodextrin 13:38 peracetylated cyclodextrin 13:38 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 6 34 theme CD 896:897 arg1 complexes 899:907 the water : peracetyl CD complexes 874:907 the water : peracetyl CD complexes 874:907 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 3 35 theme host 512:515 arg1 molecule 517:524 the host molecule 508:524 the host molecule 508:524 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 3 36 theme CDCl3 495:499 arg1 content 484:490 the low water content 470:490 the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule 470:524 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 8 37 theme water 1210:1214 arg1 nanoconfined 1216:1227 water nanoconfined 1210:1227 water nanoconfined 1210:1227 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 5 38 theme CD 780:781 arg1 analogues 783:791 the other two CD analogues 766:791 the other two CD analogues 766:791 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 8 39 theme dynamic 1191:1197 arg1 aspects 1199:1205 dynamic aspects 1191:1205 dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined 1191:1227 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 6 40 theme  peracetyl 885:894 arg1 complexes 899:907 the water : peracetyl CD complexes 874:907 the water : peracetyl CD complexes 874:907 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 5 41 theme ∼1 678:679 arg1 mol 681:683 ∼1 mol 678:683 ∼1 mol of water 678:692 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 7 42 theme stability 1017:1025 arg1 constants 1027:1035  1 stability constants 1014:1035  1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1014:1074 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 6 43 theme large 971:975 arg1 error 989:993 a relatively large calculation error 958:993 a relatively large calculation error 958:993 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 6 44 theme 50-150 920:925 arg1 -1 929:930 -1 929:930 -1 929:930 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 6 44 theme 50-150 920:925 arg1 M 927:927 50-150 M 920:927 the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3 916:946 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 8 45 theme few 1312:1314 arg1 molecules 1322:1330 a few water molecules 1310:1330 a few water molecules 1310:1330 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 7 46 theme peracetyl 1045:1053 arg1 complexes 1066:1074 the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1041:1074 the peracetyl CD : ester complexes 1041:1074 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 0 47 theme aprotic 57:63 arg1 medium 65:70 a non-aqueous aprotic medium 43:70 a non-aqueous aprotic medium 43:70 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 6 48 theme water  878:883 arg1 complexes 899:907 the water : peracetyl CD complexes 874:907 the water : peracetyl CD complexes 874:907 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 5 49 theme dry 649:651 arg1 sample 653:658 a completely dry sample 636:658 a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD 636:675 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 3 50 theme water 478:482 arg1 content 484:490 the low water content 470:490 the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule 470:524 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 0 51 theme non-aqueous 45:55 arg1 medium 65:70 a non-aqueous aprotic medium 43:70 a non-aqueous aprotic medium 43:70 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 4 52 theme Higher 527:532 arg1 concentrations 537:550 Higher CD concentrations 527:550 Higher CD concentrations 527:550 Higher CD concentrations resulted in water signal drifts in all studied cases. 26077122 8 53 theme hydrophobic 1241:1251 arg1 environment 1253:1263 a highly hydrophobic environment 1232:1263 a highly hydrophobic environment 1232:1263 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 7 54 theme  1 1117:1118 arg1 compositions 1128:1139  1 complex compositions 1117:1139 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions 1104:1139 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 7 55 theme complex 1120:1126 arg1 compositions 1128:1139  1 complex compositions 1117:1139 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions 1104:1139 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 8 56 theme water 1316:1320 arg1 molecules 1322:1330 a few water molecules 1310:1330 a few water molecules 1310:1330 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 2 57 theme interactions 321:332 arg1 existence 308:316 the existence 304:316 the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs 304:393 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 1 58 theme NMR 211:213 arg1 spectroscopy 215:226 NMR spectroscopy 211:226 NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3) 211:255 This paper describes the interaction between aromatic esters and peracetylated cyclodextrins (CDs) studied by NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3). 26077122 1 59 from spectroscopy 215:226 arg1 CDCl3 250:254 CDCl3 250:254 CDCl3 250:254 This paper describes the interaction between aromatic esters and peracetylated cyclodextrins (CDs) studied by NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3). 26077122 1 59 from spectroscopy 215:226 arg1 deuterochloroform 231:247 deuterochloroform 231:247 deuterochloroform (CDCl3) 231:255 This paper describes the interaction between aromatic esters and peracetylated cyclodextrins (CDs) studied by NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3). 26077122 5 60 theme other 770:774 arg1 analogues 783:791 the other two CD analogues 766:791 the other two CD analogues 766:791 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 7 61 theme calculated 1000:1009 arg1 1  1011:1012 The calculated 1  996:1012 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 996:1158 The calculated 1 : 1 stability constants for the peracetyl CD : ester complexes are also in this range, but 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 complex compositions are also possible. 26077122 3 62 theme low 474:476 arg1 content 484:490 the low water content 470:490 the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule 470:524 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 3 63 theme shift 432:436 arg1 determination 438:450 substituent chemical shift determination 411:450 substituent chemical shift determination 411:450 In some cases, substituent chemical shift determination was influenced by the low water content of CDCl3 and/or the host molecule. 26077122 8 64 theme biological 1281:1290 arg1 recognition 1292:1302 biological recognition 1281:1302 biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role 1281:1356 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 2 65 theme alkyl 354:358 arg1 ester 360:364 an aromatic alkyl ester 342:364 an aromatic alkyl ester 342:364 The observed chemical shift changes highlight the existence of interactions between an aromatic alkyl ester, water and peracetylated CDs. 26077122 1 66 theme peracetylated 166:178 arg1 cyclodextrins 180:192 peracetylated cyclodextrins 166:192 peracetylated cyclodextrins 166:192 This paper describes the interaction between aromatic esters and peracetylated cyclodextrins (CDs) studied by NMR spectroscopy in deuterochloroform (CDCl3). 26077122 6 67 dep 1  844:845 arg1 show 953:956 show 953:956 show a relatively large calculation error 953:993 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 6 67 dep 1  844:845 arg1 range 933:937 the 50-150 M(-1) range 916:937 the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3 916:946 The estimated 1 : 1 stability constants for the water : peracetyl CD complexes are in the 50-150 M(-1) range in CDCl3, but show a relatively large calculation error. 26077122 5 68 theme water 711:715 arg1 signal 717:722 the water signal 707:722 the water signal 707:722 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 26077122 8 69 theme pivotal 1345:1351 arg1 role 1353:1356 a pivotal role 1343:1356 a pivotal role 1343:1356 Overall, our results highlight dynamic aspects of water nanoconfined in a highly hydrophobic environment, thus mimicking biological recognition where a few water molecules often play a pivotal role. 26077122 0 70 dep Complexes 0:8 arg1 role 77:80 the role 73:80 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 0:99 Complexes of peracetylated cyclodextrin in a non-aqueous aprotic medium: the role of residual water. 26077122 4 71 theme studied 591:597 arg1 cases 599:603 all studied cases 587:603 all studied cases 587:603 Higher CD concentrations resulted in water signal drifts in all studied cases. 26077122 5 72 theme water 688:692 arg1 mol 681:683 ∼1 mol 678:683 ∼1 mol of water 678:692 It was not possible to obtain a completely dry sample of peracetyl γCD: ∼1 mol of water remained and the water signal showed reversed movement, with respect to the other two CD analogues, upon increasing host concentration. 30136798 4 0 theme rat 838:840 arg1 joint 825:829 the knee joint 816:829 the knee joint of the rat 816:840 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 3 1 theme samples 627:633 arg1 degradation 608:618 degradation 608:618 degradation 608:618 The study has revealed no migration and degradation of the samples. 30136798 3 1 theme samples 627:633 arg1 migration 594:602 migration 594:602 migration 594:602 The study has revealed no migration and degradation of the samples. 30136798 1 2 theme hydrogel 222:229 arg1 samples 201:207 samples 201:207 samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) 201:309 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 0 3 theme MATERIAL 71:78 arg1 SAMPLES 51:57 THE SAMPLES 47:57 THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL 47:78 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 2 4 from placement 455:463 arg1 muscle 484:489 the muscle 480:489 the muscle 480:489 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 5 from muscle 484:489 arg1 placement 455:463 placement 455:463 placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone 455:565 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 6 theme deep 506:509 arg1 defects 511:517 deep defects 506:517 deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone 506:565 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 6 theme deep 506:509 arg1 implants 468:475 implants 468:475 implants in the muscle 468:489 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 7 theme bone 562:565 arg1 defects 511:517 deep defects 506:517 deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone 506:565 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 7 theme bone 562:565 arg1 implants 468:475 implants 468:475 implants in the muscle 468:489 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 4 8 contain containing 767:776 arg1 sample 760:765 the sample 756:765 the sample containing bacterial cellulose 756:796 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 4 8 contain containing 767:776 arg2 cellulose 788:796 bacterial cellulose 778:796 bacterial cellulose 778:796 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 4 9 theme knee 820:823 arg1 joint 825:829 the knee joint 816:829 the knee joint of the rat 816:840 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 5 10 theme perifocal 938:946 arg1 inflammation 948:959 perifocal inflammation 938:959 perifocal inflammation 938:959 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 2 11 theme subchondral 550:560 arg1 bone 562:565 subchondral bone 550:565 subchondral bone 550:565 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 4 12 theme biointegration 666:679 arg1 signs 651:655 the signs 647:655 the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) 647:708 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 1 13 theme laboratory 330:339 arg1 rats 349:352 48 laboratory outbred rats 327:352 48 laboratory outbred rats 327:352 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 2 14 theme cartilage 536:544 arg1 defects 511:517 deep defects 506:517 deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone 506:565 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 14 theme cartilage 536:544 arg1 implants 468:475 implants 468:475 implants in the muscle 468:489 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 5 15 dep muscle 888:893 arg1 tissues 915:921 tissues 915:921 tissues 915:921 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 0 16 theme TISSUE 11:16 arg1 REACTIONS 18:26 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS 0:26 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL 0:78 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 1 17 theme outbred 341:347 arg1 rats 349:352 48 laboratory outbred rats 327:352 48 laboratory outbred rats 327:352 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 2 18 theme articular 526:534 arg1 cartilage 536:544 the articular cartilage 522:544 the articular cartilage 522:544 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 0 19 dep BASED 80:84 arg1 STUDY 156:160 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 140:160 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 140:160 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 0 20 theme [PERIFOCAL 0:9 arg1 REACTIONS 18:26 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS 0:26 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL 0:78 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 5 21 theme study 1045:1049 arg1 period 1051:1056 the study period 1041:1056 the study period 1041:1056 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 0 22 with POLYACRYLAMIDE 89:102 arg1 ADDITION 113:120 THE ADDITION 109:120 THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE 109:137 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 1 23 theme Tissue 165:170 arg1 reactions 172:180 Tissue reactions 165:180 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) 165:309 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 2 24 theme implants 468:475 arg1 placement 455:463 placement 455:463 placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone 455:565 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 4 25 dep detected 715:722 arg1 sample 760:765 the sample 756:765 the sample containing bacterial cellulose 756:796 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 1 26 theme different 272:280 arg1 origin 282:287 different origin 272:287 different origin (plant and bacterial) 272:309 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 0 27 theme CELLULOSE 129:137 arg1 ADDITION 113:120 THE ADDITION 109:120 THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE 109:137 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 5 28 theme good 861:864 arg1 biocompatibility 866:881 good biocompatibility 861:881 good biocompatibility 861:881 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 1 29 theme origin 282:287 arg1 cellulose 259:267 cellulose 259:267 cellulose 259:267 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 1 29 theme origin 282:287 arg1 polyacrylamide 240:253 polyacrylamide 240:253 polyacrylamide 240:253 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 5 30 theme period 1051:1056 arg1 end 1034:1036 the end 1030:1036 the end of the study period 1030:1056 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 4 31 theme nature 702:707 arg1 biointegration 666:679 their biointegration 660:679 their biointegration (regardless of their nature) 660:708 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 4 32 dep nature 702:707 arg1 regardless 682:691 regardless 682:691 regardless 682:691 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 0 33 theme SAMPLES 51:57 arg1 IMPLANTATION 31:42 IMPLANTATION 31:42 IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL 31:78 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 5 34 theme prosthetic 993:1002 arg1 cartilage 1014:1022 a prosthetic articular cartilage 991:1022 a prosthetic articular cartilage 991:1022 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 5 34 theme prosthetic 993:1002 arg1 materials 847:855 The materials 843:855 The materials 843:855 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 1 35 dep origin 282:287 arg1 bacterial 300:308 bacterial 300:308 bacterial 300:308 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 1 35 dep origin 282:287 arg1 plant 290:294 plant 290:294 plant 290:294 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 2 36 theme joint 492:496 arg1 implants 468:475 implants 468:475 implants in the muscle 468:489 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 2 36 theme joint 492:496 arg1 cavity 498:503 joint cavity 492:503 joint cavity 492:503 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 4 37 theme bacterial 778:786 arg1 cellulose 788:796 bacterial cellulose 778:796 bacterial cellulose 778:796 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 1 38 theme chinchilla 372:381 arg1 breed 383:387 chinchilla breed 372:387 chinchilla breed 372:387 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 2 39 from implants 468:475 arg1 muscle 484:489 the muscle 480:489 the muscle 480:489 The observations were carried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 after placement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity, deep defects of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. 30136798 0 40 theme EXPERIMENTAL 143:154 arg1 STUDY 156:160 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 140:160 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 140:160 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 1 41 theme breed 383:387 arg1 rats 349:352 48 laboratory outbred rats 327:352 48 laboratory outbred rats 327:352 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 1 41 theme breed 383:387 arg1 rabbits 361:367 24 rabbits 358:367 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed 358:387 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 1 42 theme samples 201:207 arg1 grafting 189:196 the grafting 185:196 the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) 185:309 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 30136798 0 43 theme HYDROGEL 62:69 arg1 MATERIAL 71:78 HYDROGEL MATERIAL 62:78 HYDROGEL MATERIAL 62:78 [PERIFOCAL TISSUE REACTIONS TO IMPLANTATION OF THE SAMPLES OF HYDROGEL MATERIAL BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE WITH THE ADDITION OF THE CELLULOSE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]. 30136798 4 44 theme joint 825:829 arg1 cavity 806:811 the cavity 802:811 the cavity of the knee joint of the rat 802:840 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 5 45 theme articular 1004:1012 arg1 cartilage 1014:1022 a prosthetic articular cartilage 991:1022 a prosthetic articular cartilage 991:1022 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 5 45 theme articular 1004:1012 arg1 materials 847:855 The materials 843:855 The materials 843:855 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 4 46 located detected 715:722 arg1 muscles 731:737 the muscles 727:737 the muscles 727:737 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 4 46 located detected 715:722 arg1 Day 639:641 Day 90 639:644 Day 90 639:644 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 4 46 located detected 715:722 arg1 cavity 806:811 the cavity 802:811 the cavity of the knee joint of the rat 802:840 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 4 46 located detected 715:722 arg2 signs 651:655 the signs 647:655 the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) 647:708 On Day 90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless of their nature) were detected in the muscles and in one case (the sample containing bacterial cellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat. 30136798 5 47 contain had 857:859 arg1 materials 847:855 The materials 843:855 The materials 843:855 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 5 47 contain had 857:859 arg1 cartilage 1014:1022 a prosthetic articular cartilage 991:1022 a prosthetic articular cartilage 991:1022 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 5 47 contain had 857:859 arg2 biocompatibility 866:881 good biocompatibility 861:881 good biocompatibility 861:881 The materials had good biocompatibility with muscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not cause perifocal inflammation and effectively functioned as a prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of the study period. 30136798 1 48 theme composite 212:220 arg1 hydrogel 222:229 composite hydrogel 212:229 composite hydrogel 212:229 Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples of composite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and cellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial) were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24 rabbits of chinchilla breed. 28415409 0 0 theme glaziovii 81:89 arg1 fraction 60:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction 30:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 30:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 3 1 theme index 669:673 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 2 2 theme nanocrystal 545:555 arg1 particles 522:530 solid particles 516:530 solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) 516:561 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 8 3 theme effective 1457:1465 arg1 delivery 1472:1479 the effective drug delivery 1453:1479 the effective drug delivery 1453:1479 In summary, EFF-Cg loaded NP exhibited a promising system for the effective drug delivery in the treatment of herpes infections. 28415409 1 4 theme glaziovii 256:264 arg1 nanoparticles 287:299 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles 247:299 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 247:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 1 4 theme glaziovii 256:264 arg1 NP 302:303 NP 302:303 NP 302:303 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 4 5 theme release 899:905 arg1 profile 907:913 drug release profile 894:913 drug release profile 894:913 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 3 6 theme nanoparticles 618:630 arg1 characterization 592:607 The characterization 588:607 The characterization of these nanoparticles 588:630 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 2 7 theme cellulose 535:543 arg1 CNC 558:560 CNC 558:560 CNC 558:560 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 7 theme cellulose 535:543 arg1 nanocrystal 545:555 cellulose nanocrystal 535:555 cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) 535:561 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 1 8 theme novel 154:158 arg1 approach 174:181 a novel and promising approach 152:181 a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 152:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 7 9 from 48h 1375:1377 arg1 effect 1341:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect 1316:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing 1316:1388 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 8 10 theme promising 1432:1440 arg1 system 1442:1447 a promising system 1430:1447 a promising system for the effective drug delivery 1430:1479 In summary, EFF-Cg loaded NP exhibited a promising system for the effective drug delivery in the treatment of herpes infections. 28415409 4 11 theme thermo 802:807 arg1 stability 809:817 thermo stability 802:817 thermo stability 802:817 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 5 12 theme polymer 1025:1031 arg1 structure 1033:1041 the polymer structure 1021:1041 the polymer structure 1021:1041 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 5 13 theme molecular 1086:1094 arg1 weight 1096:1101 the polymer molecular weight 1074:1101 the polymer molecular weight 1074:1101 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 6 14 theme selected 1199:1206 arg1 formulation 1208:1218 the selected formulation 1195:1218 the selected formulation 1195:1218 The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was determined on Vero cells, and the selected formulation did not exhibit cytotoxicity even at the highest tested concentration. 28415409 3 15 theme loading 738:744 arg1 capacity 746:753 loading capacity 738:753 loading capacity 738:753 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 5 16 theme 21-day 1106:1111 arg1 period 1113:1118 21-day period 1106:1118 21-day period 1106:1118 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 3 17 theme polydispersity 654:667 arg1 index 669:673 polydispersity index 654:673 polydispersity index 654:673 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 7 18 theme loaded 1362:1367 arg1 NP 1369:1370 the EFF-Cg loaded NP 1351:1370 the EFF-Cg loaded NP 1351:1370 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 7 19 theme NP 1369:1370 arg1 effect 1341:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect 1316:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing 1316:1388 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 0 20 theme PLGA 107:110 arg1 nanoparticles 112:124 PLGA nanoparticles 107:124 PLGA nanoparticles 107:124 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 7 21 theme testing 1382:1388 arg1 testing 1382:1388 testing 1382:1388 testing 1382:1388 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 7 21 theme testing 1382:1388 arg1 48h 1375:1377 48h 1375:1377 48h 1375:1377 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 3 22 theme capacity 746:753 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 1 23 with nanoparticles 287:299 arg1 properties 322:331 antiherpes properties 311:331 antiherpes properties 311:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 2 24 theme surfactants 418:428 arg1 effect 395:400 the effect 391:400 the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants 391:585 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 3 25 theme morphology 692:701 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 1 26 theme promising 164:172 arg1 approach 174:181 a novel and promising approach 152:181 a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 152:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 3 27 theme size 648:651 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 3 28 theme zeta 676:679 arg1 potential 681:689 zeta potential 676:689 zeta potential 676:689 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 0 29 theme In 0:1 arg1 effect 20:25 In vitro antiherpes effect 0:25 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 0:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 1 30 theme loaded 275:280 arg1 nanoparticles 287:299 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles 247:299 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 247:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 1 30 theme loaded 275:280 arg1 NP 302:303 NP 302:303 NP 302:303 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 2 31 dep surfactants 418:428 arg1 188 441:443 poloxamer 188 431:443 poloxamer 188 (PLU) 431:449 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 31 dep surfactants 418:428 arg1 PVA 474:476 PVA 474:476 PVA 474:476 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 31 dep surfactants 418:428 arg1 alcohol 465:471 polyvinyl alcohol 455:471 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 455:477 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 31 dep surfactants 418:428 arg1 PLU 446:448 PLU 446:448 PLU 446:448 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 4 32 theme antiherpes 933:942 arg1 activity 944:951 antiherpes activity 933:951 antiherpes activity 933:951 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 4 33 theme activity 944:951 arg1 evaluation 880:889 the evaluation 876:889 the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity 876:951 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 4 34 theme TGA 780:782 arg1 analysis 784:791 TGA analysis 780:791 TGA analysis 780:791 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 2 35 theme nonionic 409:416 arg1 surfactants 418:428 two nonionic surfactants 405:428 two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) 405:478 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 1 36 theme PLGA 282:285 arg1 nanoparticles 287:299 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles 247:299 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 247:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 1 36 theme PLGA 282:285 arg1 NP 302:303 NP 302:303 NP 302:303 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 4 37 theme cytotoxicity 916:927 arg1 evaluation 880:889 the evaluation 876:889 the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity 876:951 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 5 38 theme delivery 963:970 arg1 profile 972:978 The drug delivery profile 954:978 The drug delivery profile 954:978 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 7 39 theme antiherpetic 1328:1339 arg1 effect 1341:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect 1316:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing 1316:1388 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 0 40 theme antiherpes 9:18 arg1 effect 20:25 In vitro antiherpes effect 0:25 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 0:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 1 41 theme nanoparticles 287:299 arg1 fraction 235:242 C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction 206:242 C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 206:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 6 42 theme tested 1269:1274 arg1 concentration 1276:1288 the highest tested concentration 1257:1288 the highest tested concentration 1257:1288 The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was determined on Vero cells, and the selected formulation did not exhibit cytotoxicity even at the highest tested concentration. 28415409 5 43 theme sustained 995:1003 arg1 release 1005:1011 a sustained release 993:1011 a sustained release through the polymer structure 993:1041 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 7 44 dep loaded 1362:1367 arg1 EFF-Cg 1355:1360 EFF-Cg 1355:1360 EFF-Cg 1355:1360 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 0 45 theme C-glycosyl 30:39 arg1 fraction 60:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction 30:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 30:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 8 46 theme infections 1508:1517 arg1 treatment 1488:1496 the treatment 1484:1496 the treatment of herpes infections 1484:1517 In summary, EFF-Cg loaded NP exhibited a promising system for the effective drug delivery in the treatment of herpes infections. 28415409 6 47 theme highest 1261:1267 arg1 concentration 1276:1288 the highest tested concentration 1257:1288 the highest tested concentration 1257:1288 The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was determined on Vero cells, and the selected formulation did not exhibit cytotoxicity even at the highest tested concentration. 28415409 6 48 theme Vero 1179:1182 arg1 cells 1184:1188 Vero cells 1179:1188 Vero cells 1179:1188 The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was determined on Vero cells, and the selected formulation did not exhibit cytotoxicity even at the highest tested concentration. 28415409 3 49 theme potential 681:689 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 5 50 theme polymer 1078:1084 arg1 weight 1096:1101 the polymer molecular weight 1074:1101 the polymer molecular weight 1074:1101 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 7 51 theme potential 1318:1326 arg1 effect 1341:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect 1316:1346 a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing 1316:1388 The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. 28415409 1 52 theme C-glycosylflavonoid 206:224 arg1 fraction 235:242 C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction 206:242 C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 206:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 0 53 theme enriched 51:58 arg1 fraction 60:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction 30:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 30:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 3 54 theme thermogravimetric 704:720 arg1 TGA 732:734 TGA 732:734 TGA 732:734 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 3 54 theme thermogravimetric 704:720 arg1 analysis 722:729 thermogravimetric analysis 704:729 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 704:735 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 2 55 theme solid 516:520 arg1 particles 522:530 solid particles 516:530 solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) 516:561 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 56 theme polyvinyl 455:463 arg1 PVA 474:476 PVA 474:476 PVA 474:476 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 56 theme polyvinyl 455:463 arg1 alcohol 465:471 polyvinyl alcohol 455:471 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 455:477 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 8 57 theme drug 1467:1470 arg1 delivery 1472:1479 the effective drug delivery 1453:1479 the effective drug delivery 1453:1479 In summary, EFF-Cg loaded NP exhibited a promising system for the effective drug delivery in the treatment of herpes infections. 28415409 0 58 theme flavonoid 41:49 arg1 fraction 60:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction 30:67 C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 30:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 5 59 theme weight 1096:1101 arg1 release 1005:1011 a sustained release 993:1011 a sustained release through the polymer structure 993:1041 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 5 59 theme weight 1096:1101 arg1 reduction 1061:1069 a significant reduction 1047:1069 a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight 1047:1101 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 5 60 theme significant 1049:1059 arg1 reduction 1061:1069 a significant reduction 1047:1069 a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight 1047:1101 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 2 61 theme poloxamer 431:439 arg1 188 441:443 poloxamer 188 431:443 poloxamer 188 (PLU) 431:449 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 2 61 theme poloxamer 431:439 arg1 PLU 446:448 PLU 446:448 PLU 446:448 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 5 62 theme drug 958:961 arg1 profile 972:978 The drug delivery profile 954:978 The drug delivery profile 954:978 The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. 28415409 1 63 theme antiherpes 311:320 arg1 properties 322:331 antiherpes properties 311:331 antiherpes properties 311:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 6 64 theme nanoparticles 1147:1159 arg1 cytotoxicity 1125:1136 The cytotoxicity 1121:1136 The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles 1121:1159 The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was determined on Vero cells, and the selected formulation did not exhibit cytotoxicity even at the highest tested concentration. 28415409 1 65 theme enriched 226:233 arg1 fraction 235:242 C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction 206:242 C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 206:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 2 66 theme emulsion 493:500 arg1 effect 395:400 the effect 391:400 the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants 391:585 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 8 67 theme herpes 1501:1506 arg1 infections 1508:1517 herpes infections 1501:1517 herpes infections 1501:1517 In summary, EFF-Cg loaded NP exhibited a promising system for the effective drug delivery in the treatment of herpes infections. 28415409 3 68 theme percent 759:765 arg1 yield 767:771 percent yield 759:771 percent yield 759:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 1 69 theme fraction 235:242 arg1 preparation 191:201 the preparation 187:201 the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 187:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 4 70 theme drug 894:897 arg1 profile 907:913 drug release profile 894:913 drug release profile 894:913 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 3 71 theme yield 767:771 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 3 72 theme analysis 722:729 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield 639:771 The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. 28415409 0 73 theme fraction 60:67 arg1 effect 20:25 In vitro antiherpes effect 0:25 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii 0:89 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 4 74 theme profile 907:913 arg1 evaluation 880:889 the evaluation 876:889 the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity 876:951 Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. 28415409 0 75 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. 28415409 2 76 theme study 354:358 arg1 purpose 338:344 The purpose 334:344 The purpose of this study 334:358 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. 28415409 1 77 theme Cecropia 247:254 arg1 EFF-Cg 267:272 EFF-Cg 267:272 EFF-Cg 267:272 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 28415409 1 77 theme Cecropia 247:254 arg1 glaziovii 256:264 Cecropia glaziovii 247:264 Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties 247:331 In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. 27127072 0 0 theme tissue 122:127 arg1 engineering 129:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 9 1 theme regenerative 1736:1747 arg1 therapies 1749:1757 future regenerative therapies 1729:1757 future regenerative therapies 1729:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 8 2 theme cell 1346:1349 arg1 viability 1351:1359 good cell viability 1341:1359 good cell viability 1341:1359 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 1 3 theme gelatin 290:296 arg1 combination 248:258 a combination 246:258 a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) 246:350 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 0 4 theme bone 117:120 arg1 engineering 129:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 8 5 theme composite 1315:1323 arg1 scaffold 1325:1332 the composite scaffold 1311:1332 the composite scaffold 1311:1332 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 2 6 theme natural 390:396 arg1 polymers 398:405 natural polymers 390:405 natural polymers 390:405 This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. 27127072 6 7 theme biodegradability 1037:1052 arg1 properties 1004:1013 excellent properties 994:1013 excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability 994:1052 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 9 8 theme paramount 1661:1669 arg1 importance 1671:1680 the paramount importance 1657:1680 the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies 1657:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 3 9 theme nano-biocomposite 593:609 arg1 scaffold 611:618 the nano-biocomposite scaffold 589:618 the nano-biocomposite scaffold 589:618 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 5 10 with porosity 857:864 arg1 size 890:893 a mean pore size 878:893 a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm 878:907 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 1 11 theme alginate 299:306 arg1 combination 248:258 a combination 246:258 a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) 246:350 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 8 12 theme histological 1493:1504 arg1 staining 1506:1513 histological staining 1493:1513 histological staining 1493:1513 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 6 13 theme degradation 923:933 arg1 studies 935:941 Swelling and degradation studies 910:941 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold 910:957 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 9 14 theme nano-biocomposite 1592:1608 arg1 scaffold 1610:1617 the nano-biocomposite scaffold 1588:1617 the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp 1588:1651 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 3 15 theme scaffold 611:618 arg1 images 579:584 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images 529:584 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold 529:618 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 4 16 theme composite 775:783 arg1 matrix 785:790 the composite matrix 771:790 the composite matrix 771:790 The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. 27127072 7 17 theme scaffold 1238:1245 arg1 stability 1221:1229 good mechanical stability 1205:1229 good mechanical stability of the scaffold 1205:1245 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 3 18 theme electron 552:559 arg1 ESEM 573:576 ESEM 573:576 ESEM 573:576 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 3 18 theme electron 552:559 arg1 microscopy 561:570 Environmental scanning electron microscopy 529:570 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold 529:618 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 4 19 theme rougher 829:835 arg1 surface 805:811 the surface 801:811 the surface of the scaffold rougher 801:835 The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. 27127072 2 20 theme composite 424:432 arg1 scaffold 434:441 the composite scaffold 420:441 the composite scaffold 420:441 This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. 27127072 5 21 theme pore 885:888 arg1 size 890:893 a mean pore size 878:893 a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm 878:907 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 6 22 theme hydrophilicity 1018:1031 arg1 properties 1004:1013 excellent properties 994:1013 excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability 994:1052 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 6 23 theme Swelling 910:917 arg1 studies 935:941 Swelling and degradation studies 910:941 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold 910:957 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 7 24 theme physiological 1153:1165 arg1 conditions 1167:1176 physiological conditions 1153:1176 physiological conditions 1153:1176 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 9 25 theme bone 1702:1705 arg1 tissue-engineering 1707:1724 bone tissue-engineering 1702:1724 bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies 1702:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 4 26 theme scaffold 820:827 arg1 rougher 829:835 the scaffold rougher 816:835 the scaffold rougher 816:835 The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. 27127072 1 27 theme simple 217:222 arg1 method 232:237 simple foaming method 217:237 simple foaming method 217:237 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 9 28 theme chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp 1622:1651 arg1 scaffold 1610:1617 the nano-biocomposite scaffold 1588:1617 the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp 1588:1651 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 9 29 from tissue-engineering 1707:1724 arg1 therapies 1749:1757 future regenerative therapies 1729:1757 future regenerative therapies 1729:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 1 30 theme foaming 224:230 arg1 method 232:237 simple foaming method 217:237 simple foaming method 217:237 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 2 31 theme biological 485:494 arg1 property 496:503 biological property 485:503 biological property 485:503 This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. 27127072 8 32 theme osteoblast 1289:1298 arg1 cells 1300:1304 osteoblast cells 1289:1304 osteoblast cells 1289:1304 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 33 theme phenotype 1423:1431 arg1 viability 1351:1359 good cell viability 1341:1359 good cell viability 1341:1359 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 33 theme phenotype 1423:1431 arg1 rate 1376:1379 proliferation rate 1362:1379 proliferation rate 1362:1379 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 33 theme phenotype 1423:1431 arg1 maintenance 1395:1405 maintenance 1395:1405 maintenance 1395:1405 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 33 theme phenotype 1423:1431 arg1 adhesion 1382:1389 adhesion 1382:1389 adhesion 1382:1389 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 34 theme cell 1257:1260 arg1 studies 1270:1276 In vitro cell culture studies 1248:1276 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold 1248:1332 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 4 35 theme nHAp 725:728 arg1 particulates 730:741 The nHAp particulates 721:741 The nHAp particulates 721:741 The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. 27127072 7 36 theme mechanical 1210:1219 arg1 stability 1221:1229 good mechanical stability 1205:1229 good mechanical stability of the scaffold 1205:1245 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 1 37 theme bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite 314:343 arg1 combination 248:258 a combination 246:258 a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) 246:350 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 8 38 theme culture 1262:1268 arg1 studies 1270:1276 In vitro cell culture studies 1248:1276 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold 1248:1332 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 39 theme proliferation 1362:1374 arg1 rate 1376:1379 proliferation rate 1362:1379 proliferation rate 1362:1379 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 2 40 theme mechanical 461:470 arg1 strength 472:479 good mechanical strength 456:479 good mechanical strength 456:479 This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. 27127072 7 41 theme stability 1221:1229 arg1 any 1117:1119 any 1117:1119 any 1117:1119 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 7 41 theme stability 1221:1229 arg1 indicative 1191:1200 indicative 1191:1200 indicative 1191:1200 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 6 42 theme excellent 994:1002 arg1 properties 1004:1013 excellent properties 994:1013 excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability 994:1052 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 8 43 theme osteoblastic 1410:1421 arg1 phenotype 1423:1431 osteoblastic phenotype 1410:1431 osteoblastic phenotype 1410:1431 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 1 44 theme novel 144:148 arg1 scaffold 168:175 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 142:175 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 142:175 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 9 45 from importance 1671:1680 arg1 tissue-engineering 1707:1724 bone tissue-engineering 1702:1724 bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies 1702:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 2 46 theme good 456:459 arg1 strength 472:479 good mechanical strength 456:479 good mechanical strength 456:479 This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. 27127072 0 47 theme nano-biocomposite 42:58 arg1 scaffold 60:67 novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 36:67 novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite 36:111 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 8 48 theme good 1341:1344 arg1 viability 1351:1359 good cell viability 1341:1359 good cell viability 1341:1359 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 3 49 theme scaffold 711:718 arg1 surface 696:702 the whole surface 686:702 the whole surface of the scaffold 686:718 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 6 50 contain possesses 984:992 arg1 scaffold 975:982 the scaffold 971:982 the scaffold 971:982 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 6 50 contain possesses 984:992 arg2 properties 1004:1013 excellent properties 994:1013 excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability 994:1052 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 5 51 theme 112±19.0μm 898:907 arg1 size 890:893 a mean pore size 878:893 a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm 878:907 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 9 52 contain has 1653:1655 arg1 scaffold 1610:1617 the nano-biocomposite scaffold 1588:1617 the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp 1588:1651 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 9 52 contain has 1653:1655 arg2 importance 1671:1680 the paramount importance 1657:1680 the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies 1657:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 0 53 theme novel 36:40 arg1 scaffold 60:67 novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 36:67 novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite 36:111 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 7 54 theme good 1205:1208 arg1 stability 1221:1229 good mechanical stability 1205:1229 good mechanical stability of the scaffold 1205:1245 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 8 55 theme gene 1519:1522 arg1 studies 1535:1541 gene expression studies 1519:1541 gene expression studies 1519:1541 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 56 theme MTT 1449:1451 arg1 assay 1453:1457 MTT assay 1449:1457 MTT assay 1449:1457 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 7 57 theme mechanical 1066:1075 arg1 testing 1077:1083 Short term mechanical testing 1055:1083 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold 1055:1099 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 5 58 theme mean 880:883 arg1 size 890:893 a mean pore size 878:893 a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm 878:907 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 2 59 theme natural 515:521 arg1 bone 523:526 natural bone 515:526 natural bone 515:526 This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. 27127072 7 60 theme scaffold 1092:1099 arg1 testing 1077:1083 Short term mechanical testing 1055:1083 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold 1055:1099 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 3 61 theme interconnected 645:658 arg1 pores 660:664 interconnected pores 645:664 interconnected pores 645:664 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 1 62 theme nano-biocomposite 150:166 arg1 scaffold 168:175 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 142:175 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 142:175 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 0 63 theme scaffold 60:67 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 0 63 theme scaffold 60:67 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 8 64 dep In 1248:1249 arg1 vitro 1251:1255 vitro 1251:1255 vitro 1251:1255 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 5 65 contain has 851:853 arg1 scaffold 842:849 The scaffold 838:849 The scaffold 838:849 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 5 65 contain has 851:853 arg2 porosity 857:864 a porosity 855:864 a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm 855:907 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 3 66 theme pores 660:664 arg1 presence 633:640 the presence 629:640 the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold 629:718 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 7 67 theme Short 1055:1059 arg1 term 1061:1064 Short term 1055:1064 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold 1055:1099 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 3 68 theme microscopy 561:570 arg1 images 579:584 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images 529:584 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold 529:618 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 4 69 theme matrix 785:790 arg1 surface 760:766 the surface 756:766 the surface of the composite matrix 756:790 The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. 27127072 9 70 theme future 1729:1734 arg1 therapies 1749:1757 future regenerative therapies 1729:1757 future regenerative therapies 1729:1757 Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies. 27127072 8 71 theme expression 1524:1533 arg1 studies 1535:1541 gene expression studies 1519:1541 gene expression studies 1519:1541 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 72 theme cell-scaffold 1468:1480 arg1 construct 1482:1490 cell-scaffold construct 1468:1490 cell-scaffold construct 1468:1490 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 7 73 theme term 1061:1064 arg1 testing 1077:1083 Short term mechanical testing 1055:1083 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold 1055:1099 Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. 27127072 3 74 theme Environmental 529:541 arg1 ESEM 573:576 ESEM 573:576 ESEM 573:576 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 3 74 theme Environmental 529:541 arg1 microscopy 561:570 Environmental scanning electron microscopy 529:570 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold 529:618 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 8 75 theme In 1248:1249 arg1 studies 1270:1276 In vitro cell culture studies 1248:1276 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold 1248:1332 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 3 76 theme whole 690:694 arg1 surface 696:702 the whole surface 686:702 the whole surface of the scaffold 686:718 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 3 77 theme scanning 543:550 arg1 ESEM 573:576 ESEM 573:576 ESEM 573:576 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 3 77 theme scanning 543:550 arg1 microscopy 561:570 Environmental scanning electron microscopy 529:570 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold 529:618 Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. 27127072 1 78 theme natural 263:269 arg1 polymers-chitosan 271:287 natural polymers-chitosan 263:287 natural polymers-chitosan 263:287 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 5 79 theme % 871:871 arg1 porosity 857:864 a porosity 855:864 a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm 855:907 The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. 27127072 1 80 theme polymers-chitosan 271:287 arg1 combination 248:258 a combination 246:258 a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) 246:350 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 27127072 0 81 theme chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite 72:111 arg1 scaffold 60:67 novel nano-biocomposite scaffold 36:67 novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite 36:111 Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. 27127072 6 82 theme scaffold 950:957 arg1 studies 935:941 Swelling and degradation studies 910:941 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold 910:957 Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. 27127072 8 83 theme construct 1482:1490 arg1 studies 1535:1541 gene expression studies 1519:1541 gene expression studies 1519:1541 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 83 theme construct 1482:1490 arg1 ESEM 1460:1463 ESEM 1460:1463 ESEM of cell-scaffold construct 1460:1490 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 83 theme construct 1482:1490 arg1 assay 1453:1457 MTT assay 1449:1457 MTT assay 1449:1457 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 8 83 theme construct 1482:1490 arg1 staining 1506:1513 histological staining 1493:1513 histological staining 1493:1513 In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. 27127072 1 84 theme bead 195:198 arg1 form 200:203 bead form 195:203 bead form 195:203 A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). 28532022 3 0 theme increased 671:679 arg1 properties 692:701 increased mechanical properties 671:701 increased mechanical properties 671:701 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 3 1 with crosslinking 653:664 arg1 properties 692:701 increased mechanical properties 671:701 increased mechanical properties 671:701 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 6 2 theme skin 1119:1122 arg1 wounds 1124:1129 full-thickness skin wounds 1104:1129 full-thickness skin wounds 1104:1129 CC-G-E films were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to characterize their ability to repair full-thickness skin wounds. 28532022 2 3 dep release 483:489 arg1 applications 545:556 in vitro and in vivo applications 524:556 in vitro and in vivo applications 524:556 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 8 4 theme dressing 1429:1436 arg1 material 1438:1445 a wound dressing material 1421:1445 a wound dressing material 1421:1445 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 4 5 theme bFGF 796:799 arg1 release 785:791 the in vitro release 772:791 the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film 772:816 It was shown that the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film continued for more than 28d. 28532022 6 6 theme Sprague-Dawley 1044:1057 arg1 rats 1059:1062 Sprague-Dawley rats 1044:1062 Sprague-Dawley rats 1044:1062 CC-G-E films were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to characterize their ability to repair full-thickness skin wounds. 28532022 3 7 theme improved 605:612 arg1 stability 622:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 8 8 theme wound 1423:1427 arg1 material 1438:1445 a wound dressing material 1421:1445 a wound dressing material 1421:1445 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 3 9 theme thermal 614:620 arg1 stability 622:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 0 10 theme healing 105:111 arg1 applications 113:124 wound healing applications 99:124 wound healing applications 99:124 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 3 11 theme crosslinking 653:664 arg1 stability 622:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 3 11 theme crosslinking 653:664 arg1 rate 645:648 a higher rate 636:648 a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties 636:701 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 5 12 theme excellent 890:898 arg1 biocompatibility 909:924 excellent in vitro biocompatibility 890:924 excellent in vitro biocompatibility 890:924 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 1 13 theme CC-G-E 272:277 arg1 film 279:282 CC-G-E film 272:282 CC-G-E film 272:282 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 0 14 theme wound 99:103 arg1 healing 105:111 wound healing 99:111 wound healing applications 99:124 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 6 15 theme full-thickness 1104:1117 arg1 wounds 1124:1129 full-thickness skin wounds 1104:1129 full-thickness skin wounds 1104:1129 CC-G-E films were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to characterize their ability to repair full-thickness skin wounds. 28532022 4 16 theme CC-G-E 806:811 arg1 film 813:816 CC-G-E film 806:816 CC-G-E film 806:816 It was shown that the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film continued for more than 28d. 28532022 5 17 with culture 936:942 arg1 fibroblasts 954:964 L929 fibroblasts 949:964 L929 fibroblasts 949:964 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 5 18 theme in 900:901 arg1 biocompatibility 909:924 excellent in vitro biocompatibility 890:924 excellent in vitro biocompatibility 890:924 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 5 19 dep in 900:901 arg1 vitro 903:907 vitro 903:907 vitro 903:907 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 2 20 dep in 524:525 arg1 vitro 527:531 vitro 527:531 vitro 527:531 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 5 21 theme CC-G-E 864:869 arg1 films 871:875 the CC-G-E films 860:875 the CC-G-E films 860:875 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 3 22 contain possessed 595:603 arg2 rate 645:648 a higher rate 636:648 a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties 636:701 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 3 22 contain possessed 595:603 arg2 stability 622:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 improved thermal stability 605:630 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 3 22 contain possessed 595:603 arg1 film 590:593 CC-G-E film 583:593 CC-G-E film 583:593 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 0 23 from bio-film 50:57 arg1 applications 113:124 wound healing applications 99:124 wound healing applications 99:124 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 4 24 theme in 776:777 arg1 release 785:791 the in vitro release 772:791 the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film 772:816 It was shown that the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film continued for more than 28d. 28532022 2 25 theme novel 424:428 arg1 system 444:449 a novel drug delivery system 422:449 a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications 422:556 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 0 26 theme novel 2:6 arg1 grapheme 8:15 A novel grapheme 0:15 A novel grapheme 0:15 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 2 27 dep in 537:538 arg1 vivo 540:543 vivo 540:543 vivo 540:543 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 2 28 theme burst 477:481 arg1 release 483:489 the initial burst release 465:489 the initial burst release 465:489 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 1 29 dep oxide 183:187 arg1 GO 190:191 GO 190:191 GO 190:191 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 5 30 from culture 936:942 arg1 terms 969:973 terms 969:973 terms of cell adhesion and proliferation 969:1008 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 6 31 theme CC-G-E 1011:1016 arg1 films 1018:1022 CC-G-E films 1011:1022 CC-G-E films 1011:1022 CC-G-E films were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to characterize their ability to repair full-thickness skin wounds. 28532022 3 32 theme GO 722:723 arg1 dosage 712:717 the dosage 708:717 the dosage of GO 708:723 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 5 33 theme cell 978:981 arg1 adhesion 983:990 cell adhesion 978:990 cell adhesion 978:990 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 8 34 theme wound 1370:1374 arg1 remodeling 1376:1385 wound remodeling 1370:1385 wound remodeling 1370:1385 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 2 35 theme in 524:525 arg1 applications 545:556 in vitro and in vivo applications 524:556 in vitro and in vivo applications 524:556 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 8 36 theme drug 1319:1322 arg1 system 1333:1338 a novel drug delivery system 1311:1338 a novel drug delivery system 1311:1338 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 8 37 from performance 1355:1365 arg1 remodeling 1376:1385 wound remodeling 1370:1385 wound remodeling 1370:1385 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 8 38 dep operates 1299:1306 arg1 has 1388:1390 has 1388:1390 has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material 1388:1445 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 4 39 dep in 776:777 arg1 vitro 779:783 vitro 779:783 vitro 779:783 It was shown that the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film continued for more than 28d. 28532022 2 40 theme drugs 518:522 arg1 bioactivity 503:513 bioactivity 503:513 bioactivity of drugs 503:522 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 1 41 theme efficacious 364:374 arg1 healing 382:388 an efficacious wound healing 361:388 an efficacious wound healing device 361:395 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 8 42 theme novel 1313:1317 arg1 system 1333:1338 a novel drug delivery system 1311:1338 a novel drug delivery system 1311:1338 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 2 43 theme delivery 435:442 arg1 system 444:449 a novel drug delivery system 422:449 a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications 422:556 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 1 44 theme 3-Dimethylaminopropyl 201:221 arg1 EDC 259:261 EDC 259:261 EDC 259:261 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 44 theme 3-Dimethylaminopropyl 201:221 arg1 hydrochloride 244:256 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride 198:256 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) 198:262 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 7 45 theme CC-G-E 1156:1161 arg1 film 1163:1166 the CC-G-E film 1152:1166 the CC-G-E film 1152:1166 Results showed that the CC-G-E film accelerated the wound healing process compared with the blank control. 28532022 1 46 theme wound 376:380 arg1 healing 382:388 an efficacious wound healing 361:388 an efficacious wound healing device 361:395 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 0 47 theme collagen-chitosan 32:48 arg1 bio-film 50:57 collagen-chitosan bio-film 32:57 collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications 32:124 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 1 48 theme basic 301:305 arg1 bFGF 333:336 bFGF 333:336 bFGF 333:336 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 48 theme basic 301:305 arg1 factor 325:330 basic fibroblast growth factor 301:330 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 301:337 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 2 49 theme bioactivity 503:513 arg1 loss 495:498 loss 495:498 loss of bioactivity of drugs 495:522 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 2 49 theme bioactivity 503:513 arg1 release 483:489 the initial burst release 465:489 the initial burst release 465:489 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 1 50 theme healing 382:388 arg1 device 390:395 an efficacious wound healing device 361:395 an efficacious wound healing device 361:395 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 8 51 theme delivery 1324:1331 arg1 system 1333:1338 a novel drug delivery system 1311:1338 a novel drug delivery system 1311:1338 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 1 52 theme -3-ethylcarbodiimide 223:242 arg1 EDC 259:261 EDC 259:261 EDC 259:261 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 52 theme -3-ethylcarbodiimide 223:242 arg1 hydrochloride 244:256 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride 198:256 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) 198:262 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 0 53 theme controlled 63:72 arg1 factor 81:86 controlled growth factor 63:86 controlled growth factor release 63:94 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 1 54 theme fibroblast 307:316 arg1 bFGF 333:336 bFGF 333:336 bFGF 333:336 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 54 theme fibroblast 307:316 arg1 factor 325:330 basic fibroblast growth factor 301:330 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 301:337 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 7 55 theme wound 1184:1188 arg1 healing 1190:1196 wound healing 1184:1196 the wound healing process 1180:1204 Results showed that the CC-G-E film accelerated the wound healing process compared with the blank control. 28532022 1 56 theme device 390:395 arg1 film 155:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film 127:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film 127:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 56 theme device 390:395 arg1 development 346:356 the development 342:356 the development of an efficacious wound healing device 342:395 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 3 57 theme mechanical 681:690 arg1 properties 692:701 increased mechanical properties 671:701 increased mechanical properties 671:701 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 1 58 theme Collagen-chitosan 127:143 arg1 film 155:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film 127:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film 127:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 58 theme Collagen-chitosan 127:143 arg1 development 346:356 the development 342:356 the development of an efficacious wound healing device 342:395 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 2 59 theme drug 430:433 arg1 system 444:449 a novel drug delivery system 422:449 a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications 422:556 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 1 60 theme growth 318:323 arg1 bFGF 333:336 bFGF 333:336 bFGF 333:336 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 60 theme growth 318:323 arg1 factor 325:330 basic fibroblast growth factor 301:330 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 301:337 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 2 61 theme in 537:538 arg1 applications 545:556 in vitro and in vivo applications 524:556 in vitro and in vivo applications 524:556 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 3 62 theme higher 638:643 arg1 rate 645:648 a higher rate 636:648 a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties 636:701 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 1 63 theme composite 145:153 arg1 film 155:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film 127:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film 127:158 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 1 63 theme composite 145:153 arg1 development 346:356 the development 342:356 the development of an efficacious wound healing device 342:395 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 28532022 5 64 theme adhesion 983:990 arg1 terms 969:973 terms 969:973 terms of cell adhesion and proliferation 969:1008 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 3 65 theme CC-G-E 583:588 arg1 film 590:593 CC-G-E film 583:593 CC-G-E film 583:593 The results showed that CC-G-E film possessed improved thermal stability and a higher rate of crosslinking with increased mechanical properties when the dosage of GO was between 0.03% and 0.07%. 28532022 7 66 theme blank 1224:1228 arg1 control 1230:1236 the blank control 1220:1236 the blank control 1220:1236 Results showed that the CC-G-E film accelerated the wound healing process compared with the blank control. 28532022 8 67 theme CC-G-E 1287:1292 arg1 film 1294:1297 CC-G-E film 1287:1297 CC-G-E film 1287:1297 Based on all the results, it was concluded that CC-G-E film operates as a novel drug delivery system and due to its performance in wound remodeling, has potential to be developed as a wound dressing material. 28532022 2 68 theme initial 469:475 arg1 release 483:489 the initial burst release 465:489 the initial burst release 465:489 In this study we report a novel drug delivery system that prevents the initial burst release and loss of bioactivity of drugs in vitro and in vivo applications. 28532022 0 69 theme factor 81:86 arg1 release 88:94 controlled growth factor release 63:94 controlled growth factor release 63:94 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 5 70 theme proliferation 996:1008 arg1 terms 969:973 terms 969:973 terms of cell adhesion and proliferation 969:1008 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 7 71 theme healing 1190:1196 arg1 process 1198:1204 the wound healing process 1180:1204 the wound healing process 1180:1204 Results showed that the CC-G-E film accelerated the wound healing process compared with the blank control. 28532022 0 72 theme growth 74:79 arg1 factor 81:86 controlled growth factor 63:86 controlled growth factor release 63:94 A novel grapheme oxide-modified collagen-chitosan bio-film for controlled growth factor release in wound healing applications. 28532022 4 73 from film 813:816 arg1 release 785:791 the in vitro release 772:791 the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film 772:816 It was shown that the in vitro release of bFGF from CC-G-E film continued for more than 28d. 28532022 5 74 theme L929 949:952 arg1 fibroblasts 954:964 L929 fibroblasts 949:964 L929 fibroblasts 949:964 Furthermore, the CC-G-E films demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility following culture with L929 fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. 28532022 1 75 theme grapheme 174:181 arg1 oxide 183:187 grapheme oxide 174:187 grapheme oxide (GO) 174:192 Collagen-chitosan composite film modified with grapheme oxide (GO) and 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), termed CC-G-E film, was loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the development of an efficacious wound healing device. 27222215 12 0 from composition 1655:1665 arg1 genotypes 1712:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 3 1 theme average 449:455 arg1 BW 465:466 an average initial BW 446:466 an average initial BW of 30±2 kg 446:477 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 13 2 theme SID 1767:1769 arg1 values 1771:1776 present SID values 1759:1776 present SID values 1759:1776 However, as present SID values are lower compared to feed tables, adjustments are required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of barley for pigs. 27222215 3 3 theme 30±2 471:474 arg1 kg 476:477 30±2 kg 471:477 30±2 kg 471:477 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 1 4 theme ileal 175:179 arg1 digestibility 181:193 standardized ileal digestibility 162:193 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 162:199 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 4 theme ileal 175:179 arg1 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 9 5 theme sugar 1351:1355 arg1 content 1357:1363 total sugar content 1345:1363 total sugar content 1345:1363 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 1 6 theme current 237:243 arg1 genotypes 259:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 6 7 theme % 930:930 arg1 % 937:937 69% to 74% 928:937 69% to 74% 928:937 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 3 8 theme simple 507:512 arg1 T-cannulas 514:523 simple T-cannulas 507:523 simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum 507:543 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 10 9 theme CP 1429:1430 arg1 cSID 1421:1424 cSID 1421:1424 cSID 1421:1424 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 10 9 theme CP 1429:1430 arg1 CP 1402:1403 CP 1402:1403 CP 1402:1403 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 10 9 theme CP 1429:1430 arg1 AA 1414:1415 AA 1414:1415 AA 1414:1415 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 5 10 theme kg/hl 871:875 arg1 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 10 theme kg/hl 871:875 arg1 weight 851:856 a mean test weight 839:856 a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl 839:875 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 3 11 theme distal 532:537 arg1 ileum 539:543 the distal ileum 528:543 the distal ileum 528:543 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 1 12 theme CP 204:205 arg1 digestibility 181:193 standardized ileal digestibility 162:193 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 162:199 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 12 theme CP 204:205 arg1 composition 120:130 chemical composition 111:130 chemical composition 111:130 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 12 theme CP 204:205 arg1 characteristics 142:156 physical characteristics 133:156 physical characteristics 133:156 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 12 theme CP 204:205 arg1 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 5 13 theme non-starch 768:777 arg1 NSP 796:798 NSP 796:798 NSP 796:798 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 13 theme non-starch 768:777 arg1 polysaccharides 779:793 total non-starch polysaccharides 762:793 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 14 dep % 806:806 arg1 NDF 808:810 NDF 808:810 NDF 808:810 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 1 15 from digestibility 181:193 arg1 genotypes 259:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 13 16 theme protein 1888:1894 arg1 value 1896:1900 the actual protein value 1877:1900 the actual protein value of barley for pigs 1877:1919 However, as present SID values are lower compared to feed tables, adjustments are required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of barley for pigs. 27222215 12 17 theme current 1697:1703 arg1 genotypes 1712:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 8 18 theme standardized 1190:1201 arg1 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 8 18 theme standardized 1190:1201 arg1 content 1220:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content 1184:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA 1184:1246 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 1 19 theme growing 289:295 arg1 pigs 297:300 growing pigs 289:300 growing pigs 289:300 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 20 theme physical 133:140 arg1 characteristics 142:156 physical characteristics 133:156 physical characteristics 133:156 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 0 21 from digestibility 19:31 arg1 genotypes 57:65 eight genotypes 51:65 eight genotypes of barley 51:75 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 6 22 dep genotypes 969:977 arg1 Anisette 988:995 Anisette 988:995 Anisette 988:995 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 6 22 dep genotypes 969:977 arg1 Metaxa 1001:1006 Metaxa 1001:1006 Metaxa 1001:1006 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 6 22 dep genotypes 969:977 arg1 genotypes 969:977 genotypes 969:977 genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa 969:1006 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 0 23 theme barley 70:75 arg1 genotypes 57:65 eight genotypes 51:65 eight genotypes of barley 51:75 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 1 24 from characteristics 142:156 arg1 genotypes 259:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 4 25 theme dietary 659:665 arg1 source 667:672 the sole dietary source 650:672 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 650:685 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 4 25 theme dietary 659:665 arg1 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 7 26 theme Lys 1076:1078 arg1 digestibility 1059:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility 1040:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr 1040:1115 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr differed between genotypes. 27222215 8 27 theme CP 1238:1239 arg1 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 8 27 theme CP 1238:1239 arg1 content 1220:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content 1184:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA 1184:1246 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg1 genotypes 710:718 the eight genotypes 700:718 the eight genotypes 700:718 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg1 % 806:806 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan 802:828 % 806:806 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg1 average 691:697 average 691:697 average 691:697 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg1 % 760:760 15.2% 756:760 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg2 genotypes 710:718 the eight genotypes 700:718 the eight genotypes 700:718 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg2 weight 851:856 a mean test weight 839:856 a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl 839:875 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg1 % 819:819 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg2 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 28 contain contained 720:728 arg1 % 750:750 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 0 29 theme Standardized 0:11 arg1 digestibility 19:31 Standardized ileal digestibility 0:31 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley 0:75 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 3 30 dep periods 601:607 arg1 each 619:622 each 619:622 each 619:622 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 8 31 theme AA 1245:1246 arg1 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 8 31 theme AA 1245:1246 arg1 content 1220:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content 1184:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA 1184:1246 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 1 32 theme barley 252:257 arg1 genotypes 259:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 7 33 theme Standardized 1040:1051 arg1 digestibility 1059:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility 1040:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr 1040:1115 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr differed between genotypes. 27222215 3 34 theme Youden 569:574 arg1 design 583:588 an 8×9 Youden square design 562:588 an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs 562:636 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 11 35 theme barley 1540:1545 arg1 genotypes 1547:1555 most barley genotypes 1535:1555 most barley genotypes 1535:1555 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 1 36 theme standardized 162:173 arg1 digestibility 181:193 standardized ileal digestibility 162:193 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 162:199 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 36 theme standardized 162:173 arg1 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 0 37 theme amino 36:40 arg1 acids 42:46 amino acids 36:46 amino acids 36:46 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 9 38 theme AA 1290:1291 arg1 cSID 1270:1273 cSID 1270:1273 cSID 1270:1273 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 9 38 theme AA 1290:1291 arg1 SID 1262:1264 SID 1262:1264 SID 1262:1264 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 6 39 theme barley 899:904 arg1 genotypes 906:914 the barley genotypes 895:914 the barley genotypes 895:914 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 10 40 theme Standardized 1366:1377 arg1 digestibility 1385:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility 1366:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA 1366:1442 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 10 41 theme AA 1414:1415 arg1 digestibility 1385:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility 1366:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA 1366:1442 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 5 42 theme β-glucan 821:828 arg1 % 819:819 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 42 theme β-glucan 821:828 arg1 % 750:750 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 3 43 theme initial 457:463 arg1 BW 465:466 an average initial BW 446:466 an average initial BW of 30±2 kg 446:477 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 5 44 theme basis 740:744 arg1 % 819:819 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 44 theme basis 740:744 arg1 % 760:760 15.2% 756:760 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 44 theme basis 740:744 arg1 % 806:806 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan 802:828 % 806:806 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 44 theme basis 740:744 arg1 % 750:750 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 1 45 theme acids 217:221 arg1 digestibility 181:193 standardized ileal digestibility 162:193 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 162:199 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 45 theme acids 217:221 arg1 composition 120:130 chemical composition 111:130 chemical composition 111:130 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 45 theme acids 217:221 arg1 characteristics 142:156 physical characteristics 133:156 physical characteristics 133:156 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 45 theme acids 217:221 arg1 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 SID 196:198 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 3 46 theme days 614:617 arg1 periods 601:607 eight periods 595:607 eight periods of 6 days each 595:622 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 3 46 theme days 614:617 arg1 pigs 633:636 nine pigs 628:636 nine pigs 628:636 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 10 47 theme CP 1402:1403 arg1 digestibility 1385:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility 1366:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA 1366:1442 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 8 48 theme digestible 1209:1218 arg1 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 8 48 theme digestible 1209:1218 arg1 content 1220:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content 1184:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA 1184:1246 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 1 49 with experiment 273:282 arg1 pigs 297:300 growing pigs 289:300 growing pigs 289:300 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 5 50 theme mean 841:844 arg1 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 50 theme mean 841:844 arg1 weight 851:856 a mean test weight 839:856 a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl 839:875 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 3 51 theme kg 476:477 arg1 BW 465:466 an average initial BW 446:466 an average initial BW of 30±2 kg 446:477 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 13 52 theme present 1759:1765 arg1 values 1771:1776 present SID values 1759:1776 present SID values 1759:1776 However, as present SID values are lower compared to feed tables, adjustments are required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of barley for pigs. 27222215 7 53 theme Thr 1113:1115 arg1 digestibility 1059:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility 1040:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr 1040:1115 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr differed between genotypes. 27222215 12 54 from database 1634:1641 arg1 SID 1671:1673 SID 1671:1673 SID 1671:1673 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 12 54 from database 1634:1641 arg1 composition 1655:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 3 55 with design 583:588 arg1 periods 601:607 eight periods 595:607 eight periods of 6 days each 595:622 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 3 55 with design 583:588 arg1 pigs 633:636 nine pigs 628:636 nine pigs 628:636 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 5 56 theme as-fed 733:738 arg1 % 819:819 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 56 theme as-fed 733:738 arg1 % 760:760 15.2% 756:760 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 56 theme as-fed 733:738 arg1 % 806:806 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan 802:828 % 806:806 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 56 theme as-fed 733:738 arg1 % 750:750 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 12 57 theme comprehensive 1620:1632 arg1 database 1634:1641 a comprehensive database 1618:1641 a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes 1618:1720 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 9 58 theme total 1345:1349 arg1 content 1357:1363 total sugar content 1345:1363 total sugar content 1345:1363 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 3 59 with barrows 433:439 arg1 BW 465:466 an average initial BW 446:466 an average initial BW of 30±2 kg 446:477 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 10 60 theme AA 1441:1442 arg1 cSID 1421:1424 cSID 1421:1424 cSID 1421:1424 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 10 60 theme AA 1441:1442 arg1 CP 1402:1403 CP 1402:1403 CP 1402:1403 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 10 60 theme AA 1441:1442 arg1 AA 1414:1415 AA 1414:1415 AA 1414:1415 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 13 61 theme actual 1881:1886 arg1 value 1896:1900 the actual protein value 1877:1900 the actual protein value of barley for pigs 1877:1919 However, as present SID values are lower compared to feed tables, adjustments are required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of barley for pigs. 27222215 5 62 theme test 846:849 arg1 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 62 theme test 846:849 arg1 weight 851:856 a mean test weight 839:856 a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl 839:875 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 10 63 theme most 1436:1439 arg1 AA 1441:1442 most AA 1436:1442 most AA 1436:1442 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 8 64 theme barley 1155:1160 arg1 genotypes 1162:1170 barley genotypes 1155:1170 barley genotypes 1155:1170 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 12 65 theme barley 1705:1710 arg1 genotypes 1712:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 13 66 theme barley 1905:1910 arg1 value 1896:1900 the actual protein value 1877:1900 the actual protein value of barley for pigs 1877:1919 However, as present SID values are lower compared to feed tables, adjustments are required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of barley for pigs. 27222215 9 67 dep decreased 1302:1310 arg1 P<0.05 1313:1318 P<0.05 1313:1318 P<0.05 1313:1318 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 5 68 theme total 762:766 arg1 NSP 796:798 NSP 796:798 NSP 796:798 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 68 theme total 762:766 arg1 polysaccharides 779:793 total non-starch polysaccharides 762:793 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 12 69 theme AA 1685:1686 arg1 SID 1671:1673 SID 1671:1673 SID 1671:1673 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 12 69 theme AA 1685:1686 arg1 composition 1655:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 1 70 theme chemical 111:118 arg1 composition 120:130 chemical composition 111:130 chemical composition 111:130 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 8 71 theme ileal 1203:1207 arg1 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 cSID 1229:1232 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 8 71 theme ileal 1203:1207 arg1 content 1220:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content 1184:1226 their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA 1184:1246 Moreover, barley genotypes differed in their standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP and AA. 27222215 6 72 dep greater 948:954 arg1 P<0.01 957:962 P<0.01 957:962 P<0.01 957:962 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 5 73 theme CP 752:753 arg1 % 819:819 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 4.1% β-glucan 816:828 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 73 theme CP 752:753 arg1 % 760:760 15.2% 756:760 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 73 theme CP 752:753 arg1 % 806:806 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan 802:828 % 806:806 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 73 theme CP 752:753 arg1 % 750:750 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 as-fed basis 10.7% CP 733:753 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 10 74 dep AA 1414:1415 arg1 some 1409:1412 some 1409:1412 some 1409:1412 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 12 75 from SID 1671:1673 arg1 genotypes 1712:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 eight current barley genotypes 1691:1720 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 12 76 theme CP 1678:1679 arg1 SID 1671:1673 SID 1671:1673 SID 1671:1673 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 12 76 theme CP 1678:1679 arg1 composition 1655:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 0 77 theme growing 84:90 arg1 pigs 92:95 growing pigs 84:95 growing pigs 84:95 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 4 78 theme sole 654:657 arg1 source 667:672 the sole dietary source 650:672 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 650:685 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 4 78 theme sole 654:657 arg1 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 3 79 from ileum 539:543 arg1 T-cannulas 514:523 simple T-cannulas 507:523 simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum 507:543 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 11 80 theme most 1535:1538 arg1 genotypes 1547:1555 most barley genotypes 1535:1555 most barley genotypes 1535:1555 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 0 81 theme ileal 13:17 arg1 digestibility 19:31 Standardized ileal digestibility 0:31 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley 0:75 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 1 82 from composition 120:130 arg1 genotypes 259:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 7 83 theme ileal 1053:1057 arg1 digestibility 1059:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility 1040:1071 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr 1040:1115 Standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met and Trp (P<0.05) but not of Thr differed between genotypes. 27222215 5 84 dep % 760:760 arg1 NSP 796:798 NSP 796:798 NSP 796:798 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 84 dep % 760:760 arg1 polysaccharides 779:793 total non-starch polysaccharides 762:793 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 756:799 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 11 85 theme AA 1529:1530 arg1 cSID 1514:1517 cSID 1514:1517 cSID 1514:1517 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 11 85 theme AA 1529:1530 arg1 SID 1506:1508 SID 1506:1508 SID 1506:1508 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 1 86 theme hulled 245:250 arg1 genotypes 259:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 eight current hulled barley genotypes 231:267 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 3 87 theme 8×9 565:567 arg1 design 583:588 an 8×9 Youden square design 562:588 an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs 562:636 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 0 88 theme acids 42:46 arg1 digestibility 19:31 Standardized ileal digestibility 0:31 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley 0:75 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of barley fed to growing pigs. 27222215 9 89 theme CP 1278:1279 arg1 cSID 1270:1273 cSID 1270:1273 cSID 1270:1273 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 9 89 theme CP 1278:1279 arg1 SID 1262:1264 SID 1262:1264 SID 1262:1264 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 11 90 theme genotypes 1547:1555 arg1 cSID 1514:1517 cSID 1514:1517 cSID 1514:1517 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 11 90 theme genotypes 1547:1555 arg1 SID 1506:1508 SID 1506:1508 SID 1506:1508 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 13 91 theme feed 1800:1803 arg1 tables 1805:1810 feed tables 1800:1810 feed tables 1800:1810 However, as present SID values are lower compared to feed tables, adjustments are required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of barley for pigs. 27222215 9 92 theme most 1285:1288 arg1 AA 1290:1291 most AA 1285:1291 most AA 1285:1291 Furthermore, SID and cSID of CP and most AA linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing NDF and total sugar content. 27222215 10 93 theme ileal 1379:1383 arg1 digestibility 1385:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility 1366:1397 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA 1366:1442 Standardized ileal digestibility of CP and some AA and cSID of CP and most AA decreased linearly with increasing TW (P<0.05). 27222215 11 94 theme tabulated 1585:1593 arg1 values 1595:1600 tabulated values 1585:1600 tabulated values 1585:1600 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 3 95 theme square 576:581 arg1 design 583:588 an 8×9 Youden square design 562:588 an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs 562:636 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 4 96 theme CP 677:678 arg1 source 667:672 the sole dietary source 650:672 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 650:685 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 4 96 theme CP 677:678 arg1 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 6 97 from SID 882:884 arg1 genotypes 906:914 the barley genotypes 895:914 the barley genotypes 895:914 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 3 98 theme Growing 425:431 arg1 barrows 433:439 Growing barrows 425:439 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg 425:477 Growing barrows with an average initial BW of 30±2 kg were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, and allotted to an 8×9 Youden square design with eight periods of 6 days each and nine pigs. 27222215 1 99 theme amino 211:215 arg1 acids 217:221 amino acids 211:221 amino acids (AA) 211:226 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 1 99 theme amino 211:215 arg1 AA 224:225 AA 224:225 AA 224:225 To determine chemical composition, physical characteristics and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in eight current hulled barley genotypes, an experiment with growing pigs has been conducted. 27222215 12 100 theme chemical 1646:1653 arg1 composition 1655:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 chemical composition 1646:1665 In conclusion, a comprehensive database on chemical composition and SID of CP and AA in eight current barley genotypes has been made available. 27222215 6 101 dep % 937:937 arg1 to 932:933 to 932:933 to 932:933 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 6 102 theme CP 889:890 arg1 greater 948:954 greater 948:954 greater 948:954 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 6 102 theme CP 889:890 arg1 SID 882:884 The SID 878:884 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes 878:914 The SID of CP in the barley genotypes varied from 69% to 74%, and was greater (P<0.01) for genotypes Travira, Anisette and Metaxa compared to Yool and Campanile. 27222215 5 103 contain had 835:837 arg2 weight 851:856 a mean test weight 839:856 a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl 839:875 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 103 contain had 835:837 arg1 genotypes 710:718 the eight genotypes 700:718 the eight genotypes 700:718 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 5 103 contain had 835:837 arg2 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 TW 859:860 On average, the eight genotypes contained on as-fed basis 10.7% CP, 15.2% total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), 17.1% NDF and 4.1% β-glucan, and had a mean test weight (TW) of 72.2 kg/hl. 27222215 4 104 theme AA 684:685 arg1 source 667:672 the sole dietary source 650:672 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 650:685 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 4 104 theme AA 684:685 arg1 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley 639:644 Barley was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 27222215 11 105 theme CP 1522:1523 arg1 cSID 1514:1517 cSID 1514:1517 cSID 1514:1517 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 27222215 11 105 theme CP 1522:1523 arg1 SID 1506:1508 SID 1506:1508 SID 1506:1508 Additionally, SID and cSID of CP and AA of most barley genotypes were lower when compared to tabulated values. 26050907 2 0 theme polyester 529:537 arg1 matrix 539:544 polyester matrix 529:544 polyester matrix 529:544 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 0 1 from nucleation 18:27 arg1 composites 86:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 4 2 theme 178.84 1069:1074 arg1 ACNC 1086:1089 5 wt% ACNC 1080:1089 5 wt% ACNC 1080:1089 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 2 theme 178.84 1069:1074 arg1 μm 1076:1077 178.84 μm 1069:1077 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1069:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 1 3 theme surface 179:185 arg1 ACNC 222:225 ACNC 222:225 ACNC 222:225 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 3 theme surface 179:185 arg1 nanocrystals 208:219 surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 179:219 surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) 179:226 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 5 4 theme composites 1138:1147 arg1 observation 1112:1122 The microstructure observation 1093:1122 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1093:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 4 theme composites 1138:1147 arg1 advancement 1290:1300 the crystallinity advancement 1272:1300 the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites 1272:1325 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 4 theme composites 1138:1147 arg1 phase 1230:1234 the reinforcing phase 1214:1234 the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer 1214:1258 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 3 5 theme neat 814:817 arg1 material 830:837 the neat PBS foamed material 810:837 the neat PBS foamed material 810:837 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 2 6 theme groups 427:432 arg1 groups 456:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 5 7 theme composites 1316:1325 arg1 observation 1112:1122 The microstructure observation 1093:1122 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1093:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 7 theme composites 1316:1325 arg1 advancement 1290:1300 the crystallinity advancement 1272:1300 the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites 1272:1325 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 7 theme composites 1316:1325 arg1 phase 1230:1234 the reinforcing phase 1214:1234 the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer 1214:1258 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 1 8 theme acetylated 187:196 arg1 ACNC 222:225 ACNC 222:225 ACNC 222:225 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 8 theme acetylated 187:196 arg1 nanocrystals 208:219 surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 179:219 surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) 179:226 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 2 9 from modification 318:329 arg1 nanocrystals 379:390 the cellulose nanocrystals 365:390 the cellulose nanocrystals 365:390 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 3 10 theme PBS 819:821 arg1 material 830:837 the neat PBS foamed material 810:837 the neat PBS foamed material 810:837 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 4 11 theme cell 913:916 arg1 density 918:924 cell density 913:924 cell density 913:924 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 0 12 from Reinforcement 0:12 arg1 composites 86:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 5 13 theme reinforcing 1218:1228 arg1 observation 1112:1122 The microstructure observation 1093:1122 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1093:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 13 theme reinforcing 1218:1228 arg1 advancement 1290:1300 the crystallinity advancement 1272:1300 the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites 1272:1325 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 13 theme reinforcing 1218:1228 arg1 phase 1230:1234 the reinforcing phase 1214:1234 the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer 1214:1258 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 2 14 theme ester 566:570 arg1 components 586:595 two components 582:595 two components 582:595 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 2 14 theme ester 566:570 arg1 groups 572:577 the similar ester groups 554:577 the similar ester groups of two components 554:595 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 3 15 theme foamed 721:726 arg1 composites 728:737 the foamed composites 717:737 the foamed composites 717:737 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 2 16 theme cellulose 369:377 arg1 nanocrystals 379:390 the cellulose nanocrystals 365:390 the cellulose nanocrystals 365:390 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 4 17 theme small 1042:1046 arg1 size 1061:1064 the small average cell size 1038:1064 the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1038:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 2 18 theme similar 558:564 arg1 components 586:595 two components 582:595 two components 582:595 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 2 18 theme similar 558:564 arg1 groups 572:577 the similar ester groups 554:577 the similar ester groups of two components 554:595 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 3 19 theme composites 728:737 arg1 E/ρf 708:711 E/ρf 708:711 E/ρf 708:711 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 19 theme composites 728:737 arg1 σ/ρf 667:670 σ/ρf 667:670 σ/ρf 667:670 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 19 theme composites 728:737 arg1 strength 657:664 the specific flexural strength 635:664 the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) 635:671 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 19 theme composites 728:737 arg1 modulus 699:705 the specific flexural modulus 677:705 the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) 677:712 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 5 20 theme foamed 1131:1136 arg1 composites 1138:1147 the foamed composites 1127:1147 the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1127:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 4 21 theme cells/cm 1018:1025 arg1 density 995:1001 the high cell density 981:1001 the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 981:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 1 22 theme cellulose 198:206 arg1 ACNC 222:225 ACNC 222:225 ACNC 222:225 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 22 theme cellulose 198:206 arg1 nanocrystals 208:219 surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 179:219 surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) 179:226 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 5 23 theme crystallinity 1276:1288 arg1 observation 1112:1122 The microstructure observation 1093:1122 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1093:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 23 theme crystallinity 1276:1288 arg1 advancement 1290:1300 the crystallinity advancement 1272:1300 the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites 1272:1325 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 23 theme crystallinity 1276:1288 arg1 phase 1230:1234 the reinforcing phase 1214:1234 the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer 1214:1258 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 4 24 theme cell 1056:1059 arg1 size 1061:1064 the small average cell size 1038:1064 the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1038:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 1 25 theme nanocrystals 208:219 arg1 reinforcement 162:174 the reinforcement 158:174 the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) 158:226 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 4 26 theme high 985:988 arg1 density 995:1001 the high cell density 981:1001 the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 981:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 27 theme composites 940:949 arg1 density 918:924 cell density 913:924 cell density 913:924 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 27 theme composites 940:949 arg1 size 904:907 cell size 899:907 cell size 899:907 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 28 theme foamed 933:938 arg1 composites 940:949 the foamed composites 929:949 the foamed composites 929:949 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 29 theme average 1048:1054 arg1 size 1061:1064 the small average cell size 1038:1064 the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1038:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 2 30 theme hydrophilic 406:416 arg1 groups 456:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 2 31 theme surface 310:316 arg1 modification 318:329 The surface modification 306:329 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals 306:390 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 5 32 theme rigid 1190:1194 arg1 ACNC 1196:1199 rigid ACNC 1190:1199 rigid ACNC 1190:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 3 33 dep ACNC 629:632 arg1 the 603:605 the 603:605 the 603:605 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 33 dep ACNC 629:632 arg1 introduction 607:618 introduction 607:618 introduction 607:618 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 2 34 mod modification 318:329 arg1 acetylation 350:360 high-efficiency acetylation 334:360 high-efficiency acetylation 334:360 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 2 34 mod modification 318:329 arg3 surface 310:316 The surface modification 306:329 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals 306:390 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 1 35 theme foamed 116:121 arg1 PBS 280:282 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) 250:283 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix 250:303 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 35 theme foamed 116:121 arg1 bionanofillers 231:244 bionanofillers 231:244 bionanofillers 231:244 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 35 theme foamed 116:121 arg1 nanocomposites 123:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites 98:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites 98:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 5 36 theme ACNC 1196:1199 arg1 levels 1180:1185 the moderate loading levels 1159:1185 the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1159:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 1 37 theme biodegradable 102:114 arg1 PBS 280:282 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) 250:283 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix 250:303 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 37 theme biodegradable 102:114 arg1 bionanofillers 231:244 bionanofillers 231:244 bionanofillers 231:244 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 37 theme biodegradable 102:114 arg1 nanocomposites 123:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites 98:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites 98:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 38 theme polymeric 288:296 arg1 matrix 298:303 polymeric matrix 288:303 polymeric matrix 288:303 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 2 39 theme components 586:595 arg1 components 586:595 two components 582:595 two components 582:595 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 2 39 theme components 586:595 arg1 groups 572:577 the similar ester groups 554:577 the similar ester groups of two components 554:595 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 4 40 theme cell 899:902 arg1 size 904:907 cell size 899:907 cell size 899:907 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 2 41 theme acetyl 449:454 arg1 groups 456:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 0 42 theme cellulose 43:51 arg1 nanocrystals 53:64 acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 32:64 acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 32:64 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 4 43 theme 10 1013:1014 arg1 × 1011:1011 × 1011:1011 × 1011:1011 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 3 44 theme % 627:627 arg1 ACNC 629:632 5 wt% ACNC 623:632 5 wt% ACNC 623:632 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 2 45 theme hydrophobic 437:447 arg1 groups 456:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 0 46 theme acetylated 32:41 arg1 nanocrystals 53:64 acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 32:64 acetylated cellulose nanocrystals 32:64 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 2 47 theme rigid 505:509 arg1 nanoparticles 511:523 rigid nanoparticles 505:523 rigid nanoparticles 505:523 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 4 48 dep size 904:907 arg1 the 895:897 the 895:897 the 895:897 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 2 49 dep groups 456:461 arg1 to 434:435 to 434:435 to 434:435 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 0 50 theme nanocrystals 53:64 arg1 nucleation 18:27 nucleation 18:27 nucleation 18:27 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 0 50 theme nanocrystals 53:64 arg1 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 3 51 theme specific 681:688 arg1 E/ρf 708:711 E/ρf 708:711 E/ρf 708:711 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 51 theme specific 681:688 arg1 modulus 699:705 the specific flexural modulus 677:705 the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) 677:712 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 52 theme wt 625:626 arg1 ACNC 629:632 5 wt% ACNC 623:632 5 wt% ACNC 623:632 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 4 53 theme % 1084:1084 arg1 ACNC 1086:1089 5 wt% ACNC 1080:1089 5 wt% ACNC 1080:1089 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 53 theme % 1084:1084 arg1 μm 1076:1077 178.84 μm 1069:1077 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1069:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 2 54 theme acetylation 350:360 arg1 modification 318:329 The surface modification 306:329 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals 306:390 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 5 55 theme moderate 1163:1170 arg1 levels 1180:1185 the moderate loading levels 1159:1185 the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1159:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 56 theme foamed 1309:1314 arg1 composites 1316:1325 the foamed composites 1305:1325 the foamed composites 1305:1325 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 4 57 theme concentrations 879:892 arg1 change 860:865 the change 856:865 the change of the ACNC concentrations 856:892 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 3 58 theme flexural 690:697 arg1 E/ρf 708:711 E/ρf 708:711 E/ρf 708:711 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 58 theme flexural 690:697 arg1 modulus 699:705 the specific flexural modulus 677:705 the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) 677:712 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 59 theme specific 639:646 arg1 σ/ρf 667:670 σ/ρf 667:670 σ/ρf 667:670 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 59 theme specific 639:646 arg1 strength 657:664 the specific flexural strength 635:664 the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) 635:671 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 4 60 theme wt 1082:1083 arg1 ACNC 1086:1089 5 wt% ACNC 1080:1089 5 wt% ACNC 1080:1089 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 60 theme wt 1082:1083 arg1 μm 1076:1077 178.84 μm 1069:1077 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1069:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 2 61 theme high-efficiency 334:348 arg1 acetylation 350:360 high-efficiency acetylation 334:360 high-efficiency acetylation 334:360 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 5 62 theme stress 1244:1249 arg1 transfer 1251:1258 the stress transfer 1240:1258 the stress transfer 1240:1258 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 63 theme microstructure 1097:1110 arg1 observation 1112:1122 The microstructure observation 1093:1122 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1093:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 63 theme microstructure 1097:1110 arg1 advancement 1290:1300 the crystallinity advancement 1272:1300 the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites 1272:1325 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 5 63 theme microstructure 1097:1110 arg1 phase 1230:1234 the reinforcing phase 1214:1234 the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer 1214:1258 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 4 64 theme ACNC 874:877 arg1 concentrations 879:892 the ACNC concentrations 870:892 the ACNC concentrations 870:892 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 3 65 theme flexural 648:655 arg1 σ/ρf 667:670 σ/ρf 667:670 σ/ρf 667:670 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 3 65 theme flexural 648:655 arg1 strength 657:664 the specific flexural strength 635:664 the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) 635:671 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 5 66 theme loading 1172:1178 arg1 levels 1180:1185 the moderate loading levels 1159:1185 the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC 1159:1199 The microstructure observation of the foamed composites indicated the moderate loading levels of rigid ACNC can serve as the reinforcing phase for the stress transfer and promote the crystallinity advancement of the foamed composites. 26050907 3 67 theme foamed 823:828 arg1 material 830:837 the neat PBS foamed material 810:837 the neat PBS foamed material 810:837 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 1 68 theme poly 254:257 arg1 nanocomposites 123:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites 98:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites 98:136 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 68 theme poly 254:257 arg1 PBS 280:282 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) 250:283 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix 250:303 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 0 69 theme polyester 76:84 arg1 composites 86:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 3 70 with comparison 785:794 arg1 those 801:805 those 801:805 those 801:805 With the introduction of 5 wt% ACNC, the specific flexural strength (σ/ρf) and the specific flexural modulus (E/ρf) of the foamed composites significantly increased by 75.7% and 57.2% in comparison with those of the neat PBS foamed material. 26050907 2 71 theme hydroxyl 418:425 arg1 groups 456:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups 402:461 The surface modification of high-efficiency acetylation on the cellulose nanocrystals converted the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the compatibility between rigid nanoparticles and polyester matrix through the similar ester groups of two components. 26050907 0 72 theme foamed 69:74 arg1 composites 86:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 foamed polyester composites 69:95 Reinforcement and nucleation of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals in foamed polyester composites. 26050907 4 73 theme cell 990:993 arg1 density 995:1001 the high cell density 981:1001 the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 981:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 74 theme μm 1076:1077 arg1 size 1061:1064 the small average cell size 1038:1064 the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC) 1038:1090 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 4 75 theme 1.95 1006:1009 arg1 × 1011:1011 × 1011:1011 × 1011:1011 Meanwhile, with the change of the ACNC concentrations, the cell size and cell density of the foamed composites can be regulated and achieved the high cell density of 1.95 × 10(5)cells/cm(3) bearing the small average cell size of 178.84 μm (5 wt% ACNC). 26050907 1 76 theme butylene 259:266 arg1 poly 254:257 poly 254:257 the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix 250:303 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26050907 1 76 theme butylene 259:266 arg1 succinate 268:276 butylene succinate 259:276 butylene succinate 259:276 The biodegradable foamed nanocomposites were developed from the reinforcement of surface acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC) as bionanofillers and the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as polymeric matrix. 26652342 8 0 theme reasonable 1235:1244 arg1 behavior 1256:1263 reasonable non-toxic behavior 1235:1263 reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films 1235:1295 Also cytotoxicity analysis shows reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films. 26652342 8 1 theme non-toxic 1246:1254 arg1 behavior 1256:1263 reasonable non-toxic behavior 1235:1263 reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films 1235:1295 Also cytotoxicity analysis shows reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films. 26652342 7 2 theme charged 1095:1101 arg1 chitosan 1103:1110 positively charged chitosan 1084:1110 positively charged chitosan 1084:1110 It was found that the obtained films including positively charged chitosan reveal enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli. 26652342 1 3 theme friendly 274:281 arg1 process 283:289 an environmental friendly process 257:289 an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer 257:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 0 4 theme generation 74:83 arg1 precursor 57:65 the precursor 53:65 the precursor of new generation of bio-based antibacterial films 53:116 Chitosan and functionalized acrylic nanoparticles as the precursor of new generation of bio-based antibacterial films. 26652342 6 5 theme TGA 948:950 arg1 data 952:955 TGA data 948:955 TGA data 948:955 TGA data showed that introducing chitosan increases the maximum degradation temperature. 26652342 2 6 theme acrylic 408:414 arg1 particles 416:424 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles 374:424 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 374:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 0 7 theme antibacterial 98:110 arg1 films 112:116 bio-based antibacterial films 88:116 bio-based antibacterial films 88:116 Chitosan and functionalized acrylic nanoparticles as the precursor of new generation of bio-based antibacterial films. 26652342 3 8 theme size 674:677 arg1 well 738:741 well 738:741 well 738:741 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 3 8 theme size 674:677 arg1 distribution 679:690 size distribution 674:690 size distribution of particles 674:703 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 4 9 theme chitosan 782:789 arg1 solution 791:798 chitosan solution 782:798 chitosan solution 782:798 Films were prepared through mixing of chitosan solution and the prepared latex for the first time. 26652342 0 10 theme bio-based 88:96 arg1 films 112:116 bio-based antibacterial films 88:116 bio-based antibacterial films 88:116 Chitosan and functionalized acrylic nanoparticles as the precursor of new generation of bio-based antibacterial films. 26652342 8 11 theme composite 1281:1289 arg1 films 1291:1295 the obtained composite films 1268:1295 the obtained composite films 1268:1295 Also cytotoxicity analysis shows reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films. 26652342 5 12 theme EDX 851:853 arg1 analyses 855:862 SEM and EDX analyses 843:862 SEM and EDX analyses 843:862 SEM and EDX analyses revealed that chitosan has been distributed through the polymeric matrix uniformly. 26652342 8 13 theme films 1291:1295 arg1 behavior 1256:1263 reasonable non-toxic behavior 1235:1263 reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films 1235:1295 Also cytotoxicity analysis shows reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films. 26652342 2 14 theme butyl 435:439 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 14 theme butyl 435:439 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 0 15 theme films 112:116 arg1 generation 74:83 new generation 70:83 new generation of bio-based antibacterial films 70:116 Chitosan and functionalized acrylic nanoparticles as the precursor of new generation of bio-based antibacterial films. 26652342 4 16 theme prepared 808:815 arg1 latex 817:821 the prepared latex 804:821 the prepared latex for the first time 804:840 Films were prepared through mixing of chitosan solution and the prepared latex for the first time. 26652342 1 17 theme acrylic/chitosan 173:188 arg1 films 190:194 acrylic/chitosan films 173:194 acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties 173:247 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 2 18 theme MMA 476:478 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 18 theme MMA 476:478 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 8 19 theme obtained 1272:1279 arg1 films 1291:1295 the obtained composite films 1268:1295 the obtained composite films 1268:1295 Also cytotoxicity analysis shows reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films. 26652342 1 20 theme films 190:194 arg1 preparation 158:168 preparation 158:168 preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties 158:247 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 5 21 theme SEM 843:845 arg1 analyses 855:862 SEM and EDX analyses 843:862 SEM and EDX analyses 843:862 SEM and EDX analyses revealed that chitosan has been distributed through the polymeric matrix uniformly. 26652342 1 22 theme water-base 304:313 arg1 resin 323:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 22 theme water-base 304:313 arg1 polymer 365:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 22 theme water-base 304:313 arg1 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 2 23 theme methacrylate 462:473 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 23 theme methacrylate 462:473 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 1 24 theme acrylic 315:321 arg1 resin 323:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 24 theme acrylic 315:321 arg1 polymer 365:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 24 theme acrylic 315:321 arg1 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 7 25 theme antibacterial 1128:1140 arg1 activity 1142:1149 enhanced antibacterial activity 1119:1149 enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli 1119:1199 It was found that the obtained films including positively charged chitosan reveal enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli. 26652342 4 26 theme solution 791:798 arg1 mixing 772:777 mixing 772:777 mixing of chitosan solution 772:798 Films were prepared through mixing of chitosan solution and the prepared latex for the first time. 26652342 4 26 theme solution 791:798 arg1 latex 817:821 the prepared latex 804:821 the prepared latex for the first time 804:840 Films were prepared through mixing of chitosan solution and the prepared latex for the first time. 26652342 1 27 theme antibacterial 201:213 arg1 activity 215:222 antibacterial activity 201:222 antibacterial activity 201:222 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 2 28 theme -methyl 454:460 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 28 theme -methyl 454:460 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 6 29 theme maximum 1004:1010 arg1 temperature 1024:1034 the maximum degradation temperature 1000:1034 the maximum degradation temperature 1000:1034 TGA data showed that introducing chitosan increases the maximum degradation temperature. 26652342 2 30 theme emulsion 577:584 arg1 polymerization 586:599 semi-continuous emulsion polymerization 561:599 semi-continuous emulsion polymerization 561:599 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 3 31 theme particles 695:703 arg1 well 738:741 well 738:741 well 738:741 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 3 31 theme particles 695:703 arg1 distribution 679:690 size distribution 674:690 size distribution of particles 674:703 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 3 32 theme FTIR 602:605 arg1 spectroscopy 607:618 FTIR spectroscopy 602:618 FTIR spectroscopy 602:618 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 2 33 theme BA 451:452 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 33 theme BA 451:452 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 34 theme semi-continuous 561:575 arg1 polymerization 586:599 semi-continuous emulsion polymerization 561:599 semi-continuous emulsion polymerization 561:599 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 4 35 theme first 831:835 arg1 time 837:840 the first time 827:840 the first time 827:840 Films were prepared through mixing of chitosan solution and the prepared latex for the first time. 26652342 2 36 theme methacrylate 490:501 arg1 terpolymer 509:518 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 7 37 theme enhanced 1119:1126 arg1 activity 1142:1149 enhanced antibacterial activity 1119:1149 enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli 1119:1199 It was found that the obtained films including positively charged chitosan reveal enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli. 26652342 3 38 theme epoxy 646:650 arg1 groups 663:668 epoxy functional groups 646:668 epoxy functional groups 646:668 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 7 39 theme obtained 1059:1066 arg1 films 1068:1072 the obtained films 1055:1072 the obtained films including positively charged chitosan 1055:1110 It was found that the obtained films including positively charged chitosan reveal enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli. 26652342 1 40 theme non-toxic 228:236 arg1 properties 238:247 non-toxic properties 228:247 non-toxic properties 228:247 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 2 41 theme -glycidyl 480:488 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 41 theme -glycidyl 480:488 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 1 42 with films 190:194 arg1 activity 215:222 antibacterial activity 201:222 antibacterial activity 201:222 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 42 with films 190:194 arg1 properties 238:247 non-toxic properties 228:247 non-toxic properties 228:247 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 6 43 theme degradation 1012:1022 arg1 temperature 1024:1034 the maximum degradation temperature 1000:1034 the maximum degradation temperature 1000:1034 TGA data showed that introducing chitosan increases the maximum degradation temperature. 26652342 2 44 theme layered 539:545 arg1 structure 547:555 layered structure 539:555 layered structure 539:555 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 45 theme Functional 374:383 arg1 particles 416:424 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles 374:424 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 374:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 1 46 theme abundant 348:355 arg1 resin 323:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 46 theme abundant 348:355 arg1 polymer 365:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 46 theme abundant 348:355 arg1 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 47 contain containing 291:300 arg1 process 283:289 an environmental friendly process 257:289 an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer 257:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 47 contain containing 291:300 arg2 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 47 contain containing 291:300 arg2 polymer 365:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 47 contain containing 291:300 arg2 resin 323:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 5 48 theme polymeric 920:928 arg1 matrix 930:935 the polymeric matrix 916:935 the polymeric matrix 916:935 SEM and EDX analyses revealed that chitosan has been distributed through the polymeric matrix uniformly. 26652342 0 49 theme new 70:72 arg1 generation 74:83 new generation 70:83 new generation of bio-based antibacterial films 70:116 Chitosan and functionalized acrylic nanoparticles as the precursor of new generation of bio-based antibacterial films. 26652342 2 50 theme acrylate 441:448 arg1 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 GMA 504:506 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 2 50 theme acrylate 441:448 arg1 methacrylate 490:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate 435:501 butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 435:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 3 51 theme functional 652:661 arg1 groups 663:668 epoxy functional groups 646:668 epoxy functional groups 646:668 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 1 52 theme new 143:145 arg1 method 147:152 a new method 141:152 a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties 141:247 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 8 53 theme cytotoxicity 1207:1218 arg1 analysis 1220:1227 cytotoxicity analysis 1207:1227 cytotoxicity analysis 1207:1227 Also cytotoxicity analysis shows reasonable non-toxic behavior of the obtained composite films. 26652342 1 54 theme natural 357:363 arg1 resin 323:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 a water-base acrylic resin 302:327 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 54 theme natural 357:363 arg1 polymer 365:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 an abundant natural polymer 345:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 1 54 theme natural 357:363 arg1 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 chitosan 333:340 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 26652342 3 55 theme groups 663:668 arg1 presence 634:641 the presence 630:641 the presence of epoxy functional groups 630:668 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epoxy functional groups and size distribution of particles were evaluated by DLS and SEM as well. 26652342 2 56 theme charged 400:406 arg1 particles 416:424 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles 374:424 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer 374:518 Functional and positively charged acrylic particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer were prepared with layered structure via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. 26652342 1 57 theme environmental 260:272 arg1 process 283:289 an environmental friendly process 257:289 an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer 257:371 This study represents a new method for preparation of acrylic/chitosan films with antibacterial activity and non-toxic properties through an environmental friendly process containing a water-base acrylic resin and chitosan as an abundant natural polymer. 27311674 2 0 theme S. 1219:1220 arg1 strains 1229:1235 different S. aureus strains 1209:1235 different S. aureus strains 1209:1235 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 1 theme inorganic 801:809 arg1 phosphate 811:819 the inorganic phosphate 797:819 the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA 797:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 2 from present 821:827 arg1 linkages 847:854 phosphodiester linkages 832:854 phosphodiester linkages of WTA 832:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 3 theme bacterial 744:752 arg1 surface 759:765 the bacterial cell surface 740:765 the bacterial cell surface 740:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 4 theme telltale 218:225 arg1 molecule 227:234 a telltale molecule 216:234 a telltale molecule 216:234 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 5 theme different 1209:1217 arg1 strains 1229:1235 different S. aureus strains 1209:1235 different S. aureus strains 1209:1235 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 6 link linked 403:408 arg1 molecules 410:418 covalently linked molecules 392:418 covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 392:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 7 theme different 1252:1260 arg1 migration 1262:1270 their different migration 1246:1270 their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 1246:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 0 8 from Analysis 0:7 arg1 aureus 55:60 Staphylococcus aureus 40:60 Staphylococcus aureus 40:60 Analysis of Cell Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus. 27311674 2 9 theme amino 549:553 arg1 acids 555:559 different amino acids 539:559 different amino acids 539:559 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 10 theme high-performance 1020:1035 arg1 analysis 1067:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis 1017:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 1017:1129 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 11 theme anion 1037:1041 arg1 analysis 1067:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis 1017:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 1017:1129 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 12 dep compare 1139:1145 arg1 3 1136:1136 3 1136:1136 3 1136:1136 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 13 theme different 539:547 arg1 acids 555:559 different amino acids 539:559 different amino acids 539:559 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 14 theme linked 403:408 arg1 molecules 410:418 covalently linked molecules 392:418 covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 392:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 15 theme Most 63:66 arg1 cells 78:82 Most bacterial cells 63:82 Most bacterial cells 63:82 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 16 theme molecules 464:472 arg1 molecules 410:418 covalently linked molecules 392:418 covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 392:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 17 theme sugar 883:887 arg1 constituents 889:900 sugar constituents 883:900 sugar constituents 883:900 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 18 attach present 729:735 arg2 amount 715:720 the total amount 705:720 the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface 705:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 18 attach present 729:735 arg1 surface 759:765 the bacterial cell surface 740:765 the bacterial cell surface 740:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 18 attach present 729:735 arg2 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 19 theme bacterial 68:76 arg1 cells 78:82 Most bacterial cells 63:82 Most bacterial cells 63:82 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 20 dep identify 868:875 arg1 2 865:865 2 865:865 2 865:865 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 21 dep order 575:579 arg1 analyze 584:590 analyze 584:590 to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 581:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 22 theme phosphate 811:819 arg1 determination 780:792 the determination 776:792 the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA 776:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 23 theme rich 459:462 arg1 molecules 464:472 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules 423:472 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 423:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 24 theme gram-positive 338:350 arg1 bacteria 352:359 most gram-positive bacteria 333:359 most gram-positive bacteria 333:359 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 25 theme phosphodiester 832:845 arg1 linkages 847:854 phosphodiester linkages 832:854 phosphodiester linkages of WTA 832:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 26 theme sugars.In 565:573 arg1 order 575:579 sugars.In order 565:579 sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 565:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 27 theme WTA 623:625 arg1 composition 608:618 the composition 604:618 the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains 604:1235 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 28 theme chromatography 1052:1065 arg1 analysis 1067:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis 1017:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 1017:1129 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 29 theme total 709:713 arg1 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 29 theme total 709:713 arg1 amount 715:720 the total amount 705:720 the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface 705:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 30 theme most 333:336 arg1 bacteria 352:359 most gram-positive bacteria 333:359 most gram-positive bacteria 333:359 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 0 31 theme Wall 17:20 arg1 Acids 31:35 Cell Wall Teichoic Acids 12:35 Cell Wall Teichoic Acids 12:35 Analysis of Cell Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus. 27311674 2 32 theme polyacrylamide 1277:1290 arg1 electrophoresis 1296:1310 a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1275:1310 a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 1275:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 32 theme polyacrylamide 1277:1290 arg1 PAGE 1313:1316 PAGE 1313:1316 PAGE 1313:1316 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 33 theme exchange 1043:1050 arg1 analysis 1067:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis 1017:1074 an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 1017:1129 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 34 theme responsible 167:177 arg1 peptidoglycan 131:143 peptidoglycan 131:143 peptidoglycan (PGN) 131:149 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 1 34 theme responsible 167:177 arg1 glycopolymer 154:165 a glycopolymer 152:165 a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system 152:298 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 0 35 theme Cell 12:15 arg1 Acids 31:35 Cell Wall Teichoic Acids 12:35 Cell Wall Teichoic Acids 12:35 Analysis of Cell Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus. 27311674 2 36 theme present 821:827 arg1 phosphate 811:819 the inorganic phosphate 797:819 the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA 797:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 37 from surface 759:765 arg1 present 729:735 present 729:735 present 729:735 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 38 theme assembled 921:929 arg1 molecules 935:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 39 attach present 821:827 arg2 phosphate 811:819 the inorganic phosphate 797:819 the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA 797:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 39 attach present 821:827 arg1 linkages 847:854 phosphodiester linkages 832:854 phosphodiester linkages of WTA 832:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 40 theme polymerization 1151:1164 arg1 degree 1166:1171 the polymerization degree 1147:1171 the polymerization degree of WTA 1147:1178 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 0 41 theme Acids 31:35 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of Cell Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus. 0:61 Analysis of Cell Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus. 27311674 1 42 theme bacteria 265:272 arg1 presence 253:260 the presence 249:260 the presence of bacteria to the host immune system 249:298 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 43 theme ribitol 495:501 arg1 phosphates 503:512 ribitol phosphates 495:512 ribitol phosphates 495:512 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 44 attach present 906:912 arg1 molecules 935:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 44 attach present 906:912 arg2 constituents 889:900 sugar constituents 883:900 sugar constituents 883:900 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 45 located present 906:912 arg1 molecules 935:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 45 located present 906:912 arg2 constituents 889:900 sugar constituents 883:900 sugar constituents 883:900 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 0 46 theme Teichoic 22:29 arg1 Acids 31:35 Cell Wall Teichoic Acids 12:35 Cell Wall Teichoic Acids 12:35 Analysis of Cell Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus. 27311674 2 47 from molecules 935:943 arg1 present 906:912 present 906:912 present 906:912 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 48 theme acids 437:441 arg1 molecules 464:472 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules 423:472 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 423:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 49 theme WTA 1176:1178 arg1 degree 1166:1171 the polymerization degree 1147:1171 the polymerization degree of WTA 1147:1178 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 50 dep quantify 696:703 arg1 1 693:693 1 693:693 1 693:693 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 51 theme cell 1193:1196 arg1 surface 1198:1204 the cell surface 1189:1204 the cell surface 1189:1204 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 52 theme WTA 859:861 arg1 linkages 847:854 phosphodiester linkages 832:854 phosphodiester linkages of WTA 832:861 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 53 dep S. 1219:1220 arg1 aureus 1222:1227 aureus 1222:1227 aureus 1222:1227 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 54 theme -phosphate 448:457 arg1 molecules 464:472 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules 423:472 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 423:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 55 theme amperometric 1096:1107 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 1120:1128 HPAEC-PAD 1120:1128 HPAEC-PAD 1120:1128 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 55 theme amperometric 1096:1107 arg1 detection 1109:1117 pulsed amperometric detection 1089:1117 pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 1089:1129 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 56 theme wall 423:426 arg1 WTA 444:446 WTA 444:446 WTA 444:446 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 56 theme wall 423:426 arg1 acids 437:441 wall teichoic acids 423:441 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 423:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 57 theme host 281:284 arg1 system 293:298 the host immune system 277:298 the host immune system 277:298 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 58 dep S. 649:650 arg1 aureus 652:657 aureus 652:657 aureus 652:657 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 59 from linkages 847:854 arg1 present 821:827 present 821:827 present 821:827 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 60 theme S. 649:650 arg1 strains 659:665 different S. aureus strains 639:665 different S. aureus strains 639:665 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 61 theme pulsed 1089:1094 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 1120:1128 HPAEC-PAD 1120:1128 HPAEC-PAD 1120:1128 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 61 theme pulsed 1089:1094 arg1 detection 1109:1117 pulsed amperometric detection 1089:1117 pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 1089:1129 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 62 theme present 729:735 arg1 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 62 theme present 729:735 arg1 amount 715:720 the total amount 705:720 the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface 705:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 63 theme immune 286:291 arg1 system 293:298 the host immune system 277:298 the host immune system 277:298 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 64 theme different 639:647 arg1 strains 659:665 different S. aureus strains 639:665 different S. aureus strains 639:665 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 65 theme WTA 725:727 arg1 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 WTA 725:727 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 65 theme WTA 725:727 arg1 amount 715:720 the total amount 705:720 the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface 705:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 1 66 theme bacterial 196:204 arg1 shape 206:210 the bacterial shape 192:210 the bacterial shape 192:210 Most bacterial cells are surrounded by a surface composed mainly of peptidoglycan (PGN), a glycopolymer responsible for ensuring the bacterial shape and a telltale molecule that betrays the presence of bacteria to the host immune system. 27311674 2 67 theme gel 1292:1294 arg1 electrophoresis 1296:1310 a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1275:1310 a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 1275:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 67 theme gel 1292:1294 arg1 PAGE 1313:1316 PAGE 1313:1316 PAGE 1313:1316 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 68 theme acid 992:995 arg1 hydrolysis 997:1006 acid hydrolysis 992:1006 acid hydrolysis 992:1006 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 69 from migration 1262:1270 arg1 electrophoresis 1296:1310 a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1275:1310 a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 1275:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 69 from migration 1262:1270 arg1 PAGE 1313:1316 PAGE 1313:1316 PAGE 1313:1316 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 70 theme strains 1229:1235 arg1 composition 608:618 the composition 604:618 the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains 604:1235 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 71 theme WTA 931:933 arg1 molecules 935:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 72 dep analyze 584:590 arg1 compare 596:602 compare 596:602 compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains 596:1235 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 73 theme teichoic 428:435 arg1 WTA 444:446 WTA 444:446 WTA 444:446 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 73 theme teichoic 428:435 arg1 acids 437:441 wall teichoic acids 423:441 wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 423:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 74 dep acids 555:559 arg1 be 524:525 be 524:525 may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 520:1317 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 75 theme cell 754:757 arg1 surface 759:765 the bacterial cell surface 740:765 the bacterial cell surface 740:765 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 27311674 2 76 from present 906:912 arg1 molecules 935:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 the assembled WTA molecules 917:943 In Staphylococcus aureus, as in most gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is concealed by covalently linked molecules of wall teichoic acids (WTA)-phosphate rich molecules made of glycerol and ribitol phosphates which may be tailored by different amino acids and sugars.In order to analyze and compare the composition of WTA produced by different S. aureus strains, we describe methods to: (1) quantify the total amount of WTA present at the bacterial cell surface, through the determination of the inorganic phosphate present in phosphodiester linkages of WTA; (2) identify which sugar constituents are present in the assembled WTA molecules, by detecting the monosaccharides, released by acid hydrolysis, through an high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and (3) compare the polymerization degree of WTA found at the cell surface of different S. aureus strains, through their different migration in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 26434605 2 0 from superhydrophilicity 484:502 arg1 surfaces 470:477 the varied wettable surfaces 450:477 the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 450:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 0 from superhydrophilicity 484:502 arg1 gelators 440:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 1 theme self-assembled 399:412 arg1 films 414:418 the self-assembled films 395:418 the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 395:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 1 2 theme duplicated 289:298 arg1 structures 278:287 bioinspired hierarchical structures 253:287 bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures 253:325 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 4 3 theme regulated 991:999 arg1 bioadhesion 1001:1011 wettability regulated bioadhesion 979:1011 wettability regulated bioadhesion 979:1011 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 1 4 theme rose 305:308 arg1 structures 316:325 rose petal structures 305:325 rose petal structures 305:325 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 3 5 theme Gram-positive 639:651 arg1 bacteria 653:660 Gram-positive bacteria 639:660 Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 639:669 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 3 6 theme adhesion 588:595 arg1 investigation 548:560 The investigation 544:560 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces 544:624 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 1 7 theme petal 310:314 arg1 structures 316:325 rose petal structures 305:325 rose petal structures 305:325 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 2 8 from composition 380:390 arg1 surfaces 470:477 the varied wettable surfaces 450:477 the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 450:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 8 from composition 380:390 arg1 gelators 440:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 1 9 theme wettability 181:191 arg1 bacteria 217:224 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 1 10 from topographies 143:154 arg1 influence 121:129 the influence 117:129 the influence from varied topographies 117:154 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 1 11 theme regulated 193:201 arg1 bacteria 217:224 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 0 12 theme Hierarchical 12:23 arg1 Structures 33:42 Hierarchical Surface Structures 12:42 Hierarchical Surface Structures 12:42 Bioinspired Hierarchical Surface Structures with Tunable Wettability for Regulating Bacteria Adhesion. 26434605 3 13 theme hierarchical 604:615 arg1 surfaces 617:624 the hierarchical surfaces 600:624 the hierarchical surfaces 600:624 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 1 14 from structures 316:325 arg1 duplicated 289:298 duplicated 289:298 duplicated 289:298 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 4 15 theme wettability 857:867 arg1 adhesion 888:895 wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 857:895 wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 857:895 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 1 16 theme Gram-positive 203:215 arg1 bacteria 217:224 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 4 17 theme influence 834:842 arg1 mechanism 844:852 the influence mechanism 830:852 the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 830:895 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 2 18 theme tuning 348:353 arg1 process 337:343 the process 333:343 the process of tuning 333:353 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 3 19 with mechanisms 743:752 arg1 surfaces 768:775 wettable surfaces 759:775 wettable surfaces 759:775 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 1 20 theme bacteria 217:224 arg1 study 172:176 the systematic study 157:176 the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 157:233 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 3 21 theme bacteria 653:660 arg1 adhesion 662:669 Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 639:669 Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 639:669 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 0 22 theme Surface 25:31 arg1 Structures 33:42 Hierarchical Surface Structures 12:42 Hierarchical Surface Structures 12:42 Bioinspired Hierarchical Surface Structures with Tunable Wettability for Regulating Bacteria Adhesion. 26434605 3 23 theme wettable 759:766 arg1 surfaces 768:775 wettable surfaces 759:775 wettable surfaces 759:775 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 4 24 theme regulated 869:877 arg1 adhesion 888:895 wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 857:895 wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 857:895 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 0 25 theme Tunable 49:55 arg1 Wettability 57:67 Tunable Wettability 49:67 Tunable Wettability for Regulating Bacteria Adhesion 49:100 Bioinspired Hierarchical Surface Structures with Tunable Wettability for Regulating Bacteria Adhesion. 26434605 3 26 theme bacteria 579:586 arg1 adhesion 588:595 Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 565:595 Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 565:595 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 2 27 theme supramolecular 425:438 arg1 surfaces 470:477 the varied wettable surfaces 450:477 the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 450:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 27 theme supramolecular 425:438 arg1 gelators 440:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 28 theme wettable 461:468 arg1 surfaces 470:477 the varied wettable surfaces 450:477 the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 450:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 28 theme wettable 461:468 arg1 gelators 440:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 4 29 theme adhesion 888:895 arg1 mechanism 844:852 the influence mechanism 830:852 the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 830:895 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 1 30 dep bacteria 217:224 arg1 adhesion 226:233 adhesion 226:233 wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 181:233 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 2 31 from gelators 440:447 arg1 composition 380:390 the interfacial chemical composition 355:390 the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity 355:525 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 31 from gelators 440:447 arg1 films 414:418 the self-assembled films 395:418 the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 395:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 32 theme varied 454:459 arg1 surfaces 470:477 the varied wettable surfaces 450:477 the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity 450:502 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 2 32 theme varied 454:459 arg1 gelators 440:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 supramolecular gelators 425:447 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 4 33 theme wettability 979:989 arg1 bioadhesion 1001:1011 wettability regulated bioadhesion 979:1011 wettability regulated bioadhesion 979:1011 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 3 34 theme Gram-positive 565:577 arg1 bacteria 579:586 Gram-positive bacteria 565:586 Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 565:595 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 1 35 theme systematic 161:170 arg1 study 172:176 the systematic study 157:176 the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion 157:233 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 1 36 theme varied 136:141 arg1 topographies 143:154 varied topographies 136:154 varied topographies 136:154 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 4 37 theme bioinspired 930:940 arg1 topographies 942:953 the bioinspired topographies 926:953 the bioinspired topographies 926:953 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 3 38 from investigation 548:560 arg1 surfaces 617:624 the hierarchical surfaces 600:624 the hierarchical surfaces 600:624 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 3 39 theme different 721:729 arg1 mechanisms 743:752 its different interaction mechanisms 717:752 its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces 717:775 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 3 40 theme due 710:712 arg1 peptidoglycan 696:708 peptidoglycan 696:708 peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces 696:775 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 2 41 theme chemical 371:378 arg1 composition 380:390 the interfacial chemical composition 355:390 the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity 355:525 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 4 42 theme bacteria 879:886 arg1 adhesion 888:895 wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 857:895 wettability regulated bacteria adhesion 857:895 The study makes it possible to systematically study the influence mechanism of wettability regulated bacteria adhesion and provides a sight to make the bioinspired topographies in order to investigate wettability regulated bioadhesion. 26434605 3 43 theme interaction 731:741 arg1 mechanisms 743:752 its different interaction mechanisms 717:752 its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces 717:775 The investigation of Gram-positive bacteria adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces reveals that Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is crucially mediated by peptidoglycan due to its different interaction mechanisms with wettable surfaces. 26434605 2 44 theme interfacial 359:369 arg1 composition 380:390 the interfacial chemical composition 355:390 the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity 355:525 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 26434605 1 45 theme bioinspired 253:263 arg1 structures 278:287 bioinspired hierarchical structures 253:287 bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures 253:325 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 0 46 theme Bacteria 84:91 arg1 Adhesion 93:100 Bacteria Adhesion 84:100 Bacteria Adhesion 84:100 Bioinspired Hierarchical Surface Structures with Tunable Wettability for Regulating Bacteria Adhesion. 26434605 1 47 theme hierarchical 265:276 arg1 structures 278:287 bioinspired hierarchical structures 253:287 bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures 253:325 To circumvent the influence from varied topographies, the systematic study of wettability regulated Gram-positive bacteria adhesion is carried out on bioinspired hierarchical structures duplicated from rose petal structures. 26434605 2 48 theme films 414:418 arg1 composition 380:390 the interfacial chemical composition 355:390 the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity 355:525 With the process of tuning the interfacial chemical composition of the self-assembled films from supramolecular gelators, the varied wettable surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity can be obtained. 28803109 0 0 theme yeast 95:99 arg1 strain 101:106 yeast strain 95:106 yeast strain 95:106 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood isolated yeast strain. 28803109 2 1 theme acid 515:518 arg1 removal 520:526 acetic acid removal 508:526 acetic acid removal 508:526 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 1 2 theme second-generation 154:170 arg1 ethanol 172:178 second-generation ethanol 154:178 second-generation ethanol 154:178 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 2 3 theme acetic 508:513 arg1 acid 515:518 acetic acid 508:518 acetic acid removal 508:526 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 5 4 theme second-generation 942:958 arg1 production 968:977 second-generation ethanol production 942:977 second-generation ethanol production 942:977 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 1 5 theme ethanol 172:178 arg1 production 140:149 the production 136:149 the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate 136:213 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 3 6 used used 558:561 arg2 design 547:552 A Plackett-Burman design 529:552 A Plackett-Burman design 529:552 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 6 7 dep crude 1109:1113 arg1 non-detoxified 1116:1129 non-detoxified 1116:1129 non-detoxified 1116:1129 Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by using crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate. 28803109 4 8 theme initial 803:809 arg1 pH 811:812 the initial pH 799:812 the initial pH 799:812 Two fermentation kinetics were performed, with controlled pH at 5.5, or keeping the initial pH at 4.88. 28803109 6 9 dep Wickerhamomyces 980:994 arg1 sp. 996:998 Wickerhamomyces sp. 980:998 Wickerhamomyces sp. 980:998 Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by using crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate. 28803109 5 10 theme best 918:921 arg1 result 923:928 the best result 914:928 the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production 914:977 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 2 11 theme lignocellulosic 297:311 arg1 materials 313:321 lignocellulosic materials 297:321 lignocellulosic materials 297:321 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 1 12 theme bagasse 195:201 arg1 hydrolysate 203:213 sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate 185:213 sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate 185:213 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 0 13 from hydrolysate 56:66 arg1 ethanol 18:24 Second-generation ethanol 0:24 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood 0:84 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood isolated yeast strain. 28803109 5 14 theme pH 858:859 arg1 adjustment 861:870 pH adjustment 858:870 pH adjustment 858:870 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 1 15 theme sugarcane 185:193 arg1 hydrolysate 203:213 sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate 185:213 sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate 185:213 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 3 16 theme hydrolysate 592:602 arg1 composition 604:614 hydrolysate composition 592:614 hydrolysate composition 592:614 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 2 17 theme rDNA 402:405 arg1 sequences 407:415 large subunit rDNA sequences 388:415 large subunit rDNA sequences 388:415 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 0 18 theme Second-generation 0:16 arg1 ethanol 18:24 Second-generation ethanol 0:24 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood 0:84 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood isolated yeast strain. 28803109 3 19 theme composition 604:614 arg1 influence 579:587 the influence 575:587 the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production 575:716 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 2 20 theme subunit 394:400 arg1 sequences 407:415 large subunit rDNA sequences 388:415 large subunit rDNA sequences 388:415 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 0 21 theme non-detoxified 31:44 arg1 hydrolysate 56:66 non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate 31:66 non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate 31:66 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood isolated yeast strain. 28803109 2 22 theme satisfactory 448:459 arg1 results 461:467 satisfactory results 448:467 satisfactory results 448:467 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 3 23 theme ethanol 699:705 arg1 production 707:716 the second-generation ethanol production 677:716 the second-generation ethanol production 677:716 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 3 24 theme Plackett-Burman 531:545 arg1 design 547:552 A Plackett-Burman design 529:552 A Plackett-Burman design 529:552 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 1 25 theme acetic 223:228 arg1 inhibitor 236:244 inhibitor 236:244 inhibitor 236:244 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 1 25 theme acetic 223:228 arg1 acid 230:233 acetic acid 223:233 acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification 223:260 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 5 26 theme nutrients 895:903 arg1 supplementation 876:890 supplementation 876:890 supplementation of nutrients 876:903 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 5 26 theme nutrients 895:903 arg1 adjustment 861:870 pH adjustment 858:870 pH adjustment 858:870 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 3 27 theme supplementation 630:644 arg1 influence 579:587 the influence 575:587 the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production 575:716 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 4 28 theme fermentation 723:734 arg1 kinetics 736:743 Two fermentation kinetics 719:743 Two fermentation kinetics 719:743 Two fermentation kinetics were performed, with controlled pH at 5.5, or keeping the initial pH at 4.88. 28803109 1 29 theme acid 230:233 arg1 detoxification 247:260 acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification 223:260 acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification 223:260 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 2 30 theme production 489:498 arg1 terms 472:476 terms 472:476 terms of ethanol production 472:498 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 0 31 theme sugarcane 46:54 arg1 hydrolysate 56:66 non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate 31:66 non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate 31:66 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood isolated yeast strain. 28803109 2 32 dep Wickerhamomyces 420:434 arg1 sp. 436:438 Wickerhamomyces sp. 420:438 Wickerhamomyces sp. 420:438 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 6 33 theme crude 1109:1113 arg1 hydrolysate 1142:1152 crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate 1109:1152 crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate 1109:1152 Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by using crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate. 28803109 2 34 theme ethanol 481:487 arg1 production 489:498 ethanol production 481:498 ethanol production 481:498 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 3 35 theme second-generation 681:697 arg1 production 707:716 the second-generation ethanol production 677:716 the second-generation ethanol production 677:716 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 5 36 theme production 968:977 arg1 terms 933:937 terms 933:937 terms of second-generation ethanol production 933:977 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 6 37 theme sugarcane 1132:1140 arg1 hydrolysate 1142:1152 crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate 1109:1152 crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate 1109:1152 Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by using crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate. 28803109 3 38 theme nutrients 620:628 arg1 supplementation 630:644 nutrients supplementation 620:644 nutrients supplementation 620:644 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 4 39 theme controlled 766:775 arg1 pH 777:778 controlled pH 766:778 controlled pH at 5.5 766:785 Two fermentation kinetics were performed, with controlled pH at 5.5, or keeping the initial pH at 4.88. 28803109 3 40 from influence 579:587 arg1 medium 666:671 the fermentation medium 649:671 the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production 649:716 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 5 41 theme ethanol 960:966 arg1 production 968:977 second-generation ethanol production 942:977 second-generation ethanol production 942:977 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 2 42 theme yeast 278:282 arg1 strains 284:290 Three isolated yeast strains 263:290 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials 263:321 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 5 43 from result 923:928 arg1 terms 933:937 terms 933:937 terms of second-generation ethanol production 933:977 The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 4 44 from 5.5 783:785 arg1 pH 777:778 controlled pH 766:778 controlled pH at 5.5 766:785 Two fermentation kinetics were performed, with controlled pH at 5.5, or keeping the initial pH at 4.88. 28803109 2 45 theme isolated 269:276 arg1 strains 284:290 Three isolated yeast strains 263:290 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials 263:321 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 1 46 from hydrolysate 203:213 arg1 production 140:149 the production 136:149 the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate 136:213 This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. 28803109 2 47 theme large 388:392 arg1 sequences 407:415 large subunit rDNA sequences 388:415 large subunit rDNA sequences 388:415 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 2 48 from materials 313:321 arg1 strains 284:290 Three isolated yeast strains 263:290 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials 263:321 Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. 28803109 6 49 theme ethanol 1092:1098 arg1 production 1060:1069 the production 1056:1069 the production of second-generation ethanol 1056:1098 Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by using crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate. 28803109 0 50 theme rotting 73:79 arg1 wood 81:84 a rotting wood 71:84 a rotting wood 71:84 Second-generation ethanol from non-detoxified sugarcane hydrolysate by a rotting wood isolated yeast strain. 28803109 3 51 theme fermentation 653:664 arg1 medium 666:671 the fermentation medium 649:671 the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production 649:716 A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. 28803109 6 52 theme second-generation 1074:1090 arg1 ethanol 1092:1098 second-generation ethanol 1074:1098 second-generation ethanol 1074:1098 Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by using crude (non-detoxified) sugarcane hydrolysate. 28823511 9 0 theme nanocomposite 1630:1642 arg1 films 1644:1648 the nanocomposite films 1626:1648 the nanocomposite films 1626:1648 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 7 1 theme alcohol 1336:1342 arg1 films 1370:1374 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films 1326:1374 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1326:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 6 2 theme hydrolysis 1222:1231 arg1 time 1233:1236 the hydrolysis time 1218:1236 the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min) 1218:1255 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 7 3 theme -based 1349:1354 arg1 films 1370:1374 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films 1326:1374 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1326:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 3 4 theme red 464:466 arg1 algae 468:472 red algae 464:472 red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 464:547 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 7 5 theme nanocomposite 1356:1368 arg1 films 1370:1374 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films 1326:1374 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1326:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 8 6 theme PVA 1506:1508 arg1 matrix 1510:1515 the PVA matrix 1502:1515 the PVA matrix 1502:1515 It is shown that the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215%, the tensile strength by 150%, and the toughness by 45%. 28823511 0 7 theme nanocrystals 57:68 arg1 application 78:88 its application 74:88 its application in polymer nanocomposites 74:114 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 0 7 theme nanocrystals 57:68 arg1 production 33:42 the production 29:42 the production of cellulose nanocrystals 29:68 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 3 8 theme CNC 607:609 arg1 ability 580:586 the ability 576:586 the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer 576:630 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 2 9 theme large 322:326 arg1 quantity 328:335 a large quantity 320:335 a large quantity 320:335 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 5 10 theme analysis 933:940 arg1 techniques 942:951 serval analysis techniques 926:951 serval analysis techniques 926:951 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 7 11 theme improved 1381:1388 arg1 properties 1410:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 5 12 theme treatments 909:918 arg1 stages 899:904 different stages 889:904 different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques 889:951 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 3 13 theme cellulose 520:528 arg1 CNC 544:546 CNC 544:546 CNC 544:546 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 3 13 theme cellulose 520:528 arg1 nanocrystals 530:541 high-quality cellulose nanocrystals 507:541 high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 507:547 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 1 14 theme important 235:243 arg1 industry 245:252 an important industry 232:252 an important industry in recent years 232:268 Red algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. 28823511 0 15 from production 33:42 arg1 nanocomposites 101:114 polymer nanocomposites 93:114 polymer nanocomposites 93:114 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 5 16 theme as-extracted 820:831 arg1 materials 844:852 the as-extracted cellulosic materials 816:852 the as-extracted cellulosic materials 816:852 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 8 17 theme tensile 1560:1566 arg1 strength 1568:1575 the tensile strength 1556:1575 the tensile strength by 150% 1556:1583 It is shown that the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215%, the tensile strength by 150%, and the toughness by 45%. 28823511 0 18 theme polymer 93:99 arg1 nanocomposites 101:114 polymer nanocomposites 93:114 polymer nanocomposites 93:114 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 7 19 used used 1284:1287 arg2 nanofillers 1292:1302 nanofillers 1292:1302 nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1292:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 7 19 used used 1284:1287 arg2 CNC 1275:1277 The as-extracted CNC 1258:1277 The as-extracted CNC 1258:1277 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 3 20 theme raw 483:485 arg1 material 487:494 raw material 483:494 raw material 483:494 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 5 21 theme raw 802:804 arg1 waste 806:810 The raw waste 798:810 The raw waste 798:810 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 5 22 theme cellulosic 833:842 arg1 materials 844:852 the as-extracted cellulosic materials 816:852 the as-extracted cellulosic materials 816:852 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 4 23 theme cellulose 767:775 arg1 microfibers 777:787 pure cellulose microfibers 762:787 pure cellulose microfibers 762:787 Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. 28823511 1 24 theme agar 207:210 arg1 products 212:219 agar products 207:219 agar products 207:219 Red algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. 28823511 6 25 dep % 1202:1202 arg1 to 1197:1198 to 1197:1198 to 1197:1198 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 7 26 theme films 1370:1374 arg1 production 1312:1321 the production 1308:1321 the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1308:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 2 27 theme wastes 354:359 arg1 quantity 328:335 a large quantity 320:335 a large quantity 320:335 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 2 28 theme problems 414:421 arg1 source 382:387 a source 380:387 a source of serious environmental problems 380:421 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 9 29 dep film 1705:1708 arg1 transmittance 1711:1723 transmittance 1711:1723 transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region 1711:1753 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 5 30 theme different 889:897 arg1 stages 899:904 different stages 889:904 different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques 889:951 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 9 31 theme visible 1740:1746 arg1 region 1748:1753 the visible region 1736:1753 the visible region 1736:1753 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 2 32 theme fibrous 346:352 arg1 wastes 354:359 solid fibrous wastes 340:359 solid fibrous wastes 340:359 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 0 33 theme algae 13:17 arg1 waste 19:23 red algae waste 9:23 red algae waste 9:23 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 1 34 theme recent 257:262 arg1 years 264:268 recent years 257:268 recent years 257:268 Red algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. 28823511 2 35 theme industrial 275:284 arg1 processing 286:295 The industrial processing 271:295 The industrial processing of red algae 271:308 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 6 36 dep time 1233:1236 arg1 30 1239:1240 30 1239:1240 30 1239:1240 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 6 36 dep time 1233:1236 arg1 80min 1250:1254 80min 1250:1254 80min 1250:1254 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 6 36 dep time 1233:1236 arg1 40 1243:1244 40 1243:1244 40 1243:1244 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 3 37 theme present 431:437 arg1 work 439:442 the present work 427:442 the present work 427:442 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 0 38 theme red 9:11 arg1 waste 19:23 red algae waste 9:23 red algae waste 9:23 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 1 39 from industry 245:252 arg1 years 264:268 recent years 257:268 recent years 257:268 Red algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. 28823511 7 40 theme optical 1433:1439 arg1 transparency 1441:1452 optical transparency 1433:1452 optical transparency 1433:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 3 41 theme algae 468:472 arg1 waste 474:478 red algae waste 464:478 red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 464:547 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 3 42 theme waste 474:478 arg1 utilization 449:459 the utilization 445:459 the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 445:547 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 9 43 theme % 1731:1731 arg1 transmittance 1711:1723 transmittance 1711:1723 transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region 1711:1753 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 3 44 theme as-isolated 595:605 arg1 CNC 607:609 the as-isolated CNC 591:609 the as-isolated CNC 591:609 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 9 45 theme PVA 1701:1703 arg1 film 1705:1708 the neat PVA film 1692:1708 the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region) 1692:1754 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 0 46 theme waste 19:23 arg1 Reuse 0:4 Reuse 0:4 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 0:115 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 9 47 theme same 1665:1668 arg1 level 1683:1687 the same transparency level 1661:1687 the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region) 1661:1754 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 2 48 theme environmental 400:412 arg1 problems 414:421 serious environmental problems 392:421 serious environmental problems 392:421 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 9 49 from transmittance 1711:1723 arg1 region 1748:1753 the visible region 1736:1753 the visible region 1736:1753 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 6 50 theme nanometric 1025:1034 arg1 scale 1036:1040 nanometric scale 1025:1040 nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively 1025:1151 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 7 51 theme polyvinyl 1326:1334 arg1 alcohol 1336:1342 polyvinyl alcohol 1326:1342 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1326:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 7 51 theme polyvinyl 1326:1334 arg1 PVA 1345:1347 PVA 1345:1347 PVA 1345:1347 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 8 52 theme 8wt 1488:1490 arg1 CNC 1493:1495 8wt% CNC 1488:1495 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix 1488:1515 It is shown that the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215%, the tensile strength by 150%, and the toughness by 45%. 28823511 7 53 theme as-extracted 1262:1273 arg1 CNC 1275:1277 The as-extracted CNC 1258:1277 The as-extracted CNC 1258:1277 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 7 53 theme as-extracted 1262:1273 arg1 nanofillers 1292:1302 nanofillers 1292:1302 nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency 1292:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 6 54 with scale 1036:1040 arg1 lengths 1061:1067 lengths 1061:1067 lengths 1061:1067 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 6 54 with scale 1036:1040 arg1 diameters 1047:1055 diameters 1047:1055 diameters 1047:1055 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 4 55 theme pure 762:765 arg1 microfibers 777:787 pure cellulose microfibers 762:787 pure cellulose microfibers 762:787 Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. 28823511 4 56 theme algae 654:658 arg1 waste 660:664 Red algae waste 650:664 Red algae waste 650:664 Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. 28823511 4 57 theme Red 650:652 arg1 algae 654:658 Red algae 650:658 Red algae waste 650:664 Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. 28823511 8 58 theme Young 1531:1535 arg1 modulus 1539:1545 the Young's modulus 1527:1545 the Young's modulus 1527:1545 It is shown that the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215%, the tensile strength by 150%, and the toughness by 45%. 28823511 7 59 theme tensile 1402:1408 arg1 properties 1410:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 6 60 theme crystallinity 1162:1174 arg1 index 1176:1180 the crystallinity index 1158:1180 the crystallinity index 1158:1180 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 6 61 theme needle-like 972:982 arg1 CNC 991:993 needle-like shaped CNC 972:993 needle-like shaped CNC 972:993 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 1 62 theme Red 117:119 arg1 algae 121:125 Red algae 117:125 Red algae 117:125 Red algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. 28823511 3 63 theme high-quality 507:518 arg1 CNC 544:546 CNC 544:546 CNC 544:546 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 3 63 theme high-quality 507:518 arg1 nanocrystals 530:541 high-quality cellulose nanocrystals 507:541 high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 507:547 In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. 28823511 6 64 theme shaped 984:989 arg1 CNC 991:993 needle-like shaped CNC 972:993 needle-like shaped CNC 972:993 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 4 65 theme acid 715:718 arg1 treatments 731:740 acid hydrolysis treatments 715:740 acid hydrolysis treatments 715:740 Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. 28823511 0 66 from application 78:88 arg1 nanocomposites 101:114 polymer nanocomposites 93:114 polymer nanocomposites 93:114 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 4 67 theme hydrolysis 720:729 arg1 treatments 731:740 acid hydrolysis treatments 715:740 acid hydrolysis treatments 715:740 Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. 28823511 2 68 theme red 300:302 arg1 algae 304:308 red algae 300:308 red algae 300:308 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 9 69 theme neat 1696:1699 arg1 film 1705:1708 the neat PVA film 1692:1708 the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region) 1692:1754 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 2 70 theme algae 304:308 arg1 processing 286:295 The industrial processing 271:295 The industrial processing of red algae 271:308 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 0 71 theme cellulose 47:55 arg1 nanocrystals 57:68 cellulose nanocrystals 47:68 cellulose nanocrystals 47:68 Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites. 28823511 5 72 theme serval 926:931 arg1 techniques 942:951 serval analysis techniques 926:951 serval analysis techniques 926:951 The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. 28823511 6 73 dep 9.1±3.1nm 1092:1100 arg1 to 1089:1090 to 1089:1090 to 1089:1090 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 6 74 dep 315.7±30.3nm 1126:1137 arg1 to 1123:1124 to 1123:1124 to 1123:1124 It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2±2.9 to 9.1±3.1nm, and from 285.4±36.5 to 315.7±30.3nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87%, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80min). 28823511 2 75 theme solid 340:344 arg1 wastes 354:359 solid fibrous wastes 340:359 solid fibrous wastes 340:359 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 7 76 with films 1370:1374 arg1 properties 1410:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 7 76 with films 1370:1374 arg1 transparency 1441:1452 optical transparency 1433:1452 optical transparency 1433:1452 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 1 77 theme products 212:219 arg1 production 193:202 the production 189:202 the production of agar products 189:219 Red algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. 28823511 9 78 theme transparency 1670:1681 arg1 level 1683:1687 the same transparency level 1661:1687 the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region) 1661:1754 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 7 79 theme thermal 1390:1396 arg1 properties 1410:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 improved thermal and tensile properties 1381:1419 The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. 28823511 2 80 theme serious 392:398 arg1 problems 414:421 serious environmental problems 392:421 serious environmental problems 392:421 The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. 28823511 8 81 theme % 1491:1491 arg1 CNC 1493:1495 8wt% CNC 1488:1495 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix 1488:1515 It is shown that the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215%, the tensile strength by 150%, and the toughness by 45%. 28823511 9 82 theme film 1705:1708 arg1 level 1683:1687 the same transparency level 1661:1687 the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region) 1661:1754 Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale. 28823511 8 83 theme CNC 1493:1495 arg1 addition 1476:1483 the addition 1472:1483 the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix 1472:1515 It is shown that the addition of 8wt% CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215%, the tensile strength by 150%, and the toughness by 45%. 26772921 0 0 theme controlled-release 72:89 arg1 delivery 96:103 a controlled-release drug delivery 70:103 a controlled-release drug delivery 70:103 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus cerasoides as mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery. 26772921 1 1 theme diclofenac 312:321 arg1 sodium 323:328 diclofenac sodium 312:328 diclofenac sodium (DS) 312:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 1 theme diclofenac 312:321 arg1 DS 331:332 DS 331:332 DS 331:332 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 6 2 from time 907:910 arg1 tract 948:952 the gastrointestinal tract 927:952 the gastrointestinal tract 927:952 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 4 3 theme mucoadhesive 602:613 arg1 property 615:622 mucoadhesive property 602:622 mucoadhesive property 602:622 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation exhibited mucoadhesive property and the controlled release of DS was achieved 68% in 12h. 26772921 2 4 theme PC-SA 400:404 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 1 5 theme sodium 323:328 arg1 release 301:307 the controlled release 286:307 the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 286:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 6 theme pH-sensitive 154:165 arg1 beads 180:184 pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads 154:184 pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 154:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 0 7 theme drug 91:94 arg1 delivery 96:103 a controlled-release drug delivery 70:103 a controlled-release drug delivery 70:103 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus cerasoides as mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery. 26772921 6 8 theme mucoadhesive 793:804 arg1 preferable 835:844 preferable 835:844 preferable 835:844 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 6 8 theme mucoadhesive 793:804 arg1 beads 806:810 the formulated mucoadhesive beads 778:810 the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum 778:829 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 6 9 theme DS 876:877 arg1 release 865:871 the controlled release 850:871 the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract 850:952 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 1 10 theme sodium 261:266 arg1 SA 278:279 SA 278:279 SA 278:279 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 10 theme sodium 261:266 arg1 alginate 268:275 sodium alginate 261:275 sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 261:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 6 11 theme formulated 782:791 arg1 preferable 835:844 preferable 835:844 preferable 835:844 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 6 11 theme formulated 782:791 arg1 beads 806:810 the formulated mucoadhesive beads 778:810 the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum 778:829 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 4 12 theme optimized 561:569 arg1 formulation 580:590 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation 557:590 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation 557:590 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation exhibited mucoadhesive property and the controlled release of DS was achieved 68% in 12h. 26772921 1 13 theme mucoadhesive 167:178 arg1 beads 180:184 pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads 154:184 pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 154:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 5 14 theme in 686:687 arg1 kinetics 703:710 The in vitro release kinetics 682:710 The in vitro release kinetics 682:710 The in vitro release kinetics follows zero order with anomalous diffusion mechanism. 26772921 5 15 dep in 686:687 arg1 vitro 689:693 vitro 689:693 vitro 689:693 The in vitro release kinetics follows zero order with anomalous diffusion mechanism. 26772921 1 16 theme beads 180:184 arg1 formulation 139:149 the formulation 135:149 the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 135:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 2 17 theme SA 343:344 arg1 composite 346:354 SA composite 343:354 SA composite 343:354 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 5 18 theme release 695:701 arg1 kinetics 703:710 The in vitro release kinetics 682:710 The in vitro release kinetics 682:710 The in vitro release kinetics follows zero order with anomalous diffusion mechanism. 26772921 5 19 theme diffusion 746:754 arg1 mechanism 756:764 anomalous diffusion mechanism 736:764 anomalous diffusion mechanism 736:764 The in vitro release kinetics follows zero order with anomalous diffusion mechanism. 26772921 3 20 theme interaction 483:493 arg1 absence 472:478 The absence 468:478 The absence of interaction between DS and PC-SA 468:514 The absence of interaction between DS and PC-SA was shown by FTIR, DSC and TGA analyses. 26772921 1 21 theme natural 192:198 arg1 gum 200:202 natural gum 192:202 natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 192:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 0 22 theme gum 22:24 arg1 Prunus 26:31 novel gum Prunus 16:31 novel gum Prunus 16:31 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus cerasoides as mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery. 26772921 6 23 theme DS 1033:1034 arg1 forms 1024:1028 the immediate release dosage forms 995:1028 the immediate release dosage forms of DS 995:1034 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 2 24 theme DS 365:366 arg1 DS-SA 379:383 DS-SA 379:383 DS-SA 379:383 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 2 24 theme DS 365:366 arg1 SA 375:376 DS loaded SA 365:376 DS loaded SA (DS-SA) 365:384 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 0 25 theme novel 16:20 arg1 Prunus 26:31 novel gum Prunus 16:31 novel gum Prunus 16:31 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus cerasoides as mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery. 26772921 6 26 theme controlled 854:863 arg1 release 865:871 the controlled release 850:871 the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract 850:952 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 4 27 theme DS 654:655 arg1 release 643:649 the controlled release 628:649 the controlled release of DS 628:655 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation exhibited mucoadhesive property and the controlled release of DS was achieved 68% in 12h. 26772921 2 28 theme loaded 393:398 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 6 29 with beads 806:810 arg1 gum 827:829 the novel gum 817:829 the novel gum 817:829 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 2 30 theme gelation 451:458 arg1 method 460:465 ionotropic gelation method 440:465 ionotropic gelation method 440:465 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 3 31 theme TGA 543:545 arg1 analyses 547:554 TGA analyses 543:554 TGA analyses 543:554 The absence of interaction between DS and PC-SA was shown by FTIR, DSC and TGA analyses. 26772921 0 32 theme Prunus 26:31 arg1 Exploitation 0:11 Exploitation 0:11 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus 0:31 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus cerasoides as mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery. 26772921 2 33 theme DS 390:391 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 2 34 theme SA 375:376 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 1 35 theme Prunus 218:223 arg1 PC 237:238 PC 237:238 PC 237:238 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 35 theme Prunus 218:223 arg1 cerasoides 225:234 Prunus cerasoides 218:234 Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 218:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 0 36 theme mucoadhesive 47:58 arg1 beads 60:64 mucoadhesive beads 47:64 mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery 47:103 Exploitation of novel gum Prunus cerasoides as mucoadhesive beads for a controlled-release drug delivery. 26772921 6 37 theme drug 919:922 arg1 time 907:910 the residence time 893:910 the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract 893:952 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 1 38 theme present 110:116 arg1 study 118:122 The present study 106:122 The present study 106:122 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 2 39 theme ionotropic 440:449 arg1 method 460:465 ionotropic gelation method 440:465 ionotropic gelation method 440:465 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 1 40 theme controlled 290:299 arg1 release 301:307 the controlled release 286:307 the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 286:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 41 attach isolated 204:211 arg1 PC 237:238 PC 237:238 PC 237:238 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 41 attach isolated 204:211 arg1 cerasoides 225:234 Prunus cerasoides 218:234 Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 218:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 41 attach isolated 204:211 arg2 gum 200:202 natural gum 192:202 natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 192:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 6 42 theme dosage 1017:1022 arg1 forms 1024:1028 the immediate release dosage forms 995:1028 the immediate release dosage forms of DS 995:1034 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 1 43 from cerasoides 225:234 arg1 combination 244:254 combination 244:254 combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 244:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 44 with combination 244:254 arg1 SA 278:279 SA 278:279 SA 278:279 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 1 44 with combination 244:254 arg1 alginate 268:275 sodium alginate 261:275 sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) 261:333 The present study deals with the formulation of pH-sensitive mucoadhesive beads using natural gum isolated from Prunus cerasoides (PC) in combination with sodium alginate (SA) for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS). 26772921 4 45 theme controlled 632:641 arg1 release 643:649 the controlled release 628:649 the controlled release of DS 628:655 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation exhibited mucoadhesive property and the controlled release of DS was achieved 68% in 12h. 26772921 6 46 theme immediate 999:1007 arg1 forms 1024:1028 the immediate release dosage forms 995:1028 the immediate release dosage forms of DS 995:1034 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 6 47 theme release 1009:1015 arg1 forms 1024:1028 the immediate release dosage forms 995:1028 the immediate release dosage forms of DS 995:1034 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 5 48 theme anomalous 736:744 arg1 mechanism 756:764 anomalous diffusion mechanism 736:764 anomalous diffusion mechanism 736:764 The in vitro release kinetics follows zero order with anomalous diffusion mechanism. 26772921 6 49 theme gastrointestinal 931:946 arg1 tract 948:952 the gastrointestinal tract 927:952 the gastrointestinal tract 927:952 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 2 50 theme PC 336:337 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 2 51 theme composite 346:354 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 2 52 theme DS-PC-SA 407:414 arg1 beads 417:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads 336:421 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 6 53 theme novel 821:825 arg1 gum 827:829 the novel gum 817:829 the novel gum 817:829 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 26772921 2 54 theme loaded 368:373 arg1 DS-SA 379:383 DS-SA 379:383 DS-SA 379:383 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 2 54 theme loaded 368:373 arg1 SA 375:376 DS loaded SA 365:376 DS loaded SA (DS-SA) 365:384 PC and SA composite (PC-SA), DS loaded SA (DS-SA) and DS loaded PC-SA (DS-PC-SA) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. 26772921 4 55 theme DS-PC-SA 571:578 arg1 formulation 580:590 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation 557:590 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation 557:590 The optimized DS-PC-SA formulation exhibited mucoadhesive property and the controlled release of DS was achieved 68% in 12h. 26772921 6 56 theme residence 897:905 arg1 time 907:910 the residence time 893:910 the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract 893:952 Therefore, the formulated mucoadhesive beads with the novel gum are preferable for the controlled release of DS by prolonging the residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, overcoming the problems associated with the immediate release dosage forms of DS. 29806259 10 0 contain had 1524:1526 arg2 performance 1537:1547 the best performance 1528:1547 the best performance 1528:1547 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 10 0 contain had 1524:1526 arg1 O-CMC/CSC 1514:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC 1503:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC 1503:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 5 1 theme increased 982:990 arg1 concentration 992:1004 increased concentration 982:1004 increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05) 982:1023 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 4 2 theme optimal 601:607 arg1 concentration 609:621 the optimal concentration 597:621 the optimal concentration of O-CMC 597:630 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 4 3 theme compressive 759:769 arg1 strength 771:778 then the compressive strength 750:778 then the compressive strength 750:778 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 1 4 theme bone 151:154 arg1 repair 156:161 bone repair 151:161 bone repair 151:161 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 10 5 theme antibacterial 1658:1670 arg1 effect 1672:1677 antibacterial effect 1658:1677 antibacterial effect 1658:1677 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 9 6 theme mineralization 1428:1441 arg1 ability 1443:1449 the induced mineralization ability 1416:1449 the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC 1416:1462 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 9 6 theme mineralization 1428:1441 arg1 higher 1473:1478 higher 1473:1478 higher 1473:1478 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 1 7 theme repair 156:161 arg1 field 142:146 the field 138:146 the field of bone repair 138:161 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 1 8 theme calcium 254:260 arg1 CSC 278:280 CSC 278:280 CSC 278:280 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 1 8 theme calcium 254:260 arg1 cement 270:275 the calcium sulfate cement 250:275 the calcium sulfate cement (CSC) 250:281 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 11 9 theme antibacterial 1810:1822 arg1 properties 1824:1833 antibacterial properties 1810:1833 antibacterial properties 1810:1833 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 5 10 theme liquid 866:871 arg1 phase 873:877 the CSC liquid phase 858:877 the CSC liquid phase 858:877 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 9 11 theme induced 1420:1426 arg1 ability 1443:1449 the induced mineralization ability 1416:1449 the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC 1416:1462 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 9 11 theme induced 1420:1426 arg1 higher 1473:1478 higher 1473:1478 higher 1473:1478 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 10 12 theme best 1532:1535 arg1 performance 1537:1547 the best performance 1528:1547 the best performance 1528:1547 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 1 13 theme sulfate 262:268 arg1 CSC 278:280 CSC 278:280 CSC 278:280 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 1 13 theme sulfate 262:268 arg1 cement 270:275 the calcium sulfate cement 250:275 the calcium sulfate cement (CSC) 250:281 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 10 14 theme compressive 1554:1564 arg1 strength 1566:1573 the compressive strength 1550:1573 the compressive strength of the composite bone cement 1550:1602 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 4 15 theme different 664:672 arg1 concentrations 674:687 different concentrations 664:687 different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) 664:716 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 6 16 theme modified 1058:1065 arg1 cement 1072:1077 the modified bone cement 1054:1077 the modified bone cement 1054:1077 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 2 17 theme different 340:348 arg1 concentrations 350:363 different concentrations 340:363 different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase 340:432 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 1 18 theme cement 270:275 arg1 modification 234:245 modification 234:245 modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC) 234:281 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 8 19 theme 7.2-7.4 1302:1308 arg1 range 1293:1297 the range 1289:1297 the range of 7.2-7.4 1289:1308 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 8 19 theme 7.2-7.4 1302:1308 arg1 range 1345:1349 the range 1341:1349 the range of 6-8 mmol/L 1341:1363 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 6 20 theme MPa 1105:1107 arg1 range 1090:1094 the range 1086:1094 the range of 11-18 MPa 1086:1107 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 3 21 from effect 439:444 arg1 CSC 462:464 the CSC 458:464 the CSC 458:464 The effect of O-CMC on the CSC was evaluated by testing the injectability, compressive strength, degradation rate, pH value, cytotoxicity and osteogenesis. 29806259 4 22 theme 0.5wt 690:694 arg1 % 695:695 0.5wt% 690:695 0.5wt% 690:695 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 10 23 contain had 1654:1656 arg1 which 1648:1652 which 1648:1652 which 1648:1652 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 10 23 contain had 1654:1656 arg2 effect 1672:1677 antibacterial effect 1658:1677 antibacterial effect 1658:1677 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 2 24 theme 0.3wt 374:378 arg1 % 379:379 0.3wt% 374:379 0.3wt% 374:379 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 8 25 theme 2+ 1317:1318 arg1 concentration 1320:1332 Ca 2+ concentration 1314:1332 Ca 2+ concentration 1314:1332 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 2 26 dep concentrations 350:363 arg1 % 395:395 0.7wt% 390:395 0.7wt% 390:395 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 2 26 dep concentrations 350:363 arg1 % 407:407 1.0wt% 402:407 1.0wt% 402:407 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 2 26 dep concentrations 350:363 arg1 % 371:371 0.1wt% 366:371 0.1wt% 366:371 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 2 26 dep concentrations 350:363 arg1 % 379:379 0.3wt% 374:379 0.3wt% 374:379 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 2 26 dep concentrations 350:363 arg1 % 387:387 0.5wt% 382:387 0.5wt% 382:387 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 8 27 theme mmol/L 1358:1363 arg1 range 1293:1297 the range 1289:1297 the range of 7.2-7.4 1289:1308 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 8 27 theme mmol/L 1358:1363 arg1 range 1345:1349 the range 1341:1349 the range of 6-8 mmol/L 1341:1363 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 8 28 theme Ca 1314:1315 arg1 concentration 1320:1332 Ca 2+ concentration 1314:1332 Ca 2+ concentration 1314:1332 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 2 29 theme liquid 421:426 arg1 phase 428:432 the CSC liquid phase 413:432 the CSC liquid phase 413:432 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 11 30 theme CSC 1792:1794 arg1 injection 1732:1740 the injection 1728:1740 the injection 1728:1740 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 11 30 theme CSC 1792:1794 arg1 strength 1755:1762 compressive strength 1743:1762 compressive strength 1743:1762 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 11 30 theme CSC 1792:1794 arg1 activity 1780:1787 osteogenic activity 1769:1787 osteogenic activity 1769:1787 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 1 31 theme oxygen-carboxymethylated 173:196 arg1 O-CMC 208:212 O-CMC 208:212 O-CMC 208:212 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 1 31 theme oxygen-carboxymethylated 173:196 arg1 chitosan 198:205 oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan 173:205 oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) 173:213 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 10 32 theme composite 1582:1590 arg1 cement 1597:1602 the composite bone cement 1578:1602 the composite bone cement 1578:1602 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 11 33 theme osteogenic 1769:1778 arg1 activity 1780:1787 osteogenic activity 1769:1787 osteogenic activity 1769:1787 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 8 34 theme pH 1273:1274 arg1 value 1276:1280 The pH value 1269:1280 The pH value 1269:1280 The pH value was in the range of 7.2-7.4 and Ca 2+ concentration was in the range of 6-8 mmol/L. 29806259 2 35 theme 0.1wt 366:370 arg1 % 371:371 0.1wt% 366:371 0.1wt% 366:371 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 2 36 theme 0.7wt 390:394 arg1 % 395:395 0.7wt% 390:395 0.7wt% 390:395 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 10 37 theme bone 1592:1595 arg1 cement 1597:1602 the composite bone cement 1578:1602 the composite bone cement 1578:1602 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 4 38 theme antibacterial 784:796 arg1 properties 798:807 antibacterial properties 784:807 antibacterial properties 784:807 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 2 39 from concentrations 350:363 arg1 phase 428:432 the CSC liquid phase 413:432 the CSC liquid phase 413:432 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 7 40 theme degradation 1190:1200 arg1 rate 1202:1205 The degradation rate 1186:1205 The degradation rate of O-CMC/CSC 1186:1218 The degradation rate of O-CMC/CSC was not influenced obviously by O-CMC ( P>0.05). 29806259 0 41 theme calcium 17:23 arg1 cement 38:43 calcium sulfate bone cement 17:43 calcium sulfate bone cement 17:43 [Modification of calcium sulfate bone cement by gentamicin and oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan]. 29806259 10 42 theme 0.5wt 1507:1511 arg1 O-CMC/CSC 1514:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC 1503:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC 1503:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 3 43 theme pH 550:551 arg1 value 553:557 pH value 550:557 pH value 550:557 The effect of O-CMC on the CSC was evaluated by testing the injectability, compressive strength, degradation rate, pH value, cytotoxicity and osteogenesis. 29806259 7 44 theme O-CMC/CSC 1210:1218 arg1 rate 1202:1205 The degradation rate 1186:1205 The degradation rate of O-CMC/CSC 1186:1218 The degradation rate of O-CMC/CSC was not influenced obviously by O-CMC ( P>0.05). 29806259 2 45 theme 0.5wt 382:386 arg1 % 387:387 0.5wt% 382:387 0.5wt% 382:387 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 0 46 theme cement 38:43 arg1 [Modification 0:12 [Modification 0:12 [Modification of calcium sulfate bone cement by gentamicin and oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan 0:95 [Modification of calcium sulfate bone cement by gentamicin and oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan]. 29806259 6 47 theme O-CMC 1158:1162 arg1 % 1173:1173 0.5wt% 1168:1173 0.5wt% ( P<0.05) 1168:1183 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 6 47 theme O-CMC 1158:1162 arg1 concentration 1141:1153 the concentration 1137:1153 the concentration of O-CMC 1137:1162 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 4 48 dep concentrations 674:687 arg1 % 695:695 0.5wt% 690:695 0.5wt% 690:695 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 4 48 dep concentrations 674:687 arg1 % 703:703 1.5wt% 698:703 1.5wt% 698:703 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 4 48 dep concentrations 674:687 arg1 % 715:715 2.5wt% 710:715 2.5wt% 710:715 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 9 49 dep In 1366:1367 arg1 vitro 1369:1373 vitro 1369:1373 vitro 1369:1373 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 0 50 theme bone 33:36 arg1 cement 38:43 calcium sulfate bone cement 17:43 calcium sulfate bone cement 17:43 [Modification of calcium sulfate bone cement by gentamicin and oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan]. 29806259 5 51 theme O-CMC 1009:1013 arg1 concentration 992:1004 increased concentration 982:1004 increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05) 982:1023 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 9 52 theme pure 1493:1496 arg1 CSC 1498:1500 pure CSC 1493:1500 pure CSC 1493:1500 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 0 53 theme sulfate 25:31 arg1 cement 38:43 calcium sulfate bone cement 17:43 calcium sulfate bone cement 17:43 [Modification of calcium sulfate bone cement by gentamicin and oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan]. 29806259 11 54 theme Conclusion 1680:1689 arg1 O-CMC 1691:1695 Conclusion O-CMC 1680:1695 Conclusion O-CMC 1680:1695 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 2 55 theme 1.0wt 402:406 arg1 % 407:407 1.0wt% 402:407 1.0wt% 402:407 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 4 56 with gentamicin 648:657 arg1 concentrations 674:687 different concentrations 664:687 different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) 664:716 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 9 57 theme In 1366:1367 arg1 experiment 1390:1399 In vitro mineralization experiment 1366:1399 In vitro mineralization experiment 1366:1399 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 6 58 theme compressive 1030:1040 arg1 strength 1042:1049 The compressive strength 1026:1049 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement 1026:1077 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 10 59 theme % 1512:1512 arg1 O-CMC/CSC 1514:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC 1503:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC 1503:1522 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 29806259 5 60 theme O-CMC/CSC 902:910 arg1 time 894:897 the injection time 880:897 the injection time of O-CMC/CSC 880:910 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 4 61 theme 2.5wt 710:714 arg1 % 715:715 2.5wt% 710:715 2.5wt% 710:715 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 2 62 dep Methods 284:290 arg1 prepared 310:317 prepared 310:317 was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase 306:432 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 6 63 theme cement 1072:1077 arg1 strength 1042:1049 The compressive strength 1026:1049 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement 1026:1077 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 1 64 from application 123:133 arg1 field 142:146 the field 138:146 the field of bone repair 138:161 Objective To extend its application in the field of bone repair by adding oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMC) and gentamicin for modification of the calcium sulfate cement (CSC). 29806259 6 65 theme bone 1067:1070 arg1 cement 1072:1077 the modified bone cement 1054:1077 the modified bone cement 1054:1077 The compressive strength of the modified bone cement was in the range of 11-18 MPa and it was the highest when the concentration of O-CMC was 0.5wt% ( P<0.05). 29806259 5 66 theme CSC 862:864 arg1 phase 873:877 the CSC liquid phase 858:877 the CSC liquid phase 858:877 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 5 67 theme injection 884:892 arg1 time 894:897 the injection time 880:897 the injection time of O-CMC/CSC 880:910 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 3 68 theme O-CMC 449:453 arg1 effect 439:444 The effect 435:444 The effect of O-CMC on the CSC 435:464 The effect of O-CMC on the CSC was evaluated by testing the injectability, compressive strength, degradation rate, pH value, cytotoxicity and osteogenesis. 29806259 3 69 theme degradation 532:542 arg1 rate 544:547 degradation rate 532:547 degradation rate 532:547 The effect of O-CMC on the CSC was evaluated by testing the injectability, compressive strength, degradation rate, pH value, cytotoxicity and osteogenesis. 29806259 4 70 theme O-CMC 626:630 arg1 concentration 609:621 the optimal concentration 597:621 the optimal concentration of O-CMC 597:630 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 0 71 theme oxygen-carboxymethylated 63:86 arg1 chitosan 88:95 oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan 63:95 oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan 63:95 [Modification of calcium sulfate bone cement by gentamicin and oxygen-carboxymethylated chitosan]. 29806259 3 72 theme compressive 510:520 arg1 strength 522:529 compressive strength 510:529 compressive strength 510:529 The effect of O-CMC on the CSC was evaluated by testing the injectability, compressive strength, degradation rate, pH value, cytotoxicity and osteogenesis. 29806259 11 73 theme compressive 1743:1753 arg1 strength 1755:1762 compressive strength 1743:1762 compressive strength 1743:1762 Conclusion O-CMC is able to effectively improve the injection, compressive strength, and osteogenic activity of CSC; in addition, antibacterial properties is obtained in the CSC after adding gentamicin. 29806259 5 74 dep Results 828:834 arg1 increased 916:924 increased 916:924 was increased to more than 5 minutes 912:947 Results After adding O-CMC in the CSC liquid phase, the injection time of O-CMC/CSC was increased to more than 5 minutes; it significantly prolonged with increased concentration of O-CMC ( P<0.05). 29806259 2 75 theme CSC 417:419 arg1 phase 428:432 the CSC liquid phase 413:432 the CSC liquid phase 413:432 Methods The O-CMC/CSC was prepared by adding O-CMC with different concentrations (0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, and 1.0wt%) in the CSC liquid phase. 29806259 9 76 theme O-CMC/CSC 1454:1462 arg1 ability 1443:1449 the induced mineralization ability 1416:1449 the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC 1416:1462 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 9 76 theme O-CMC/CSC 1454:1462 arg1 higher 1473:1478 higher 1473:1478 higher 1473:1478 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 4 77 theme 1.5wt 698:702 arg1 % 703:703 1.5wt% 698:703 1.5wt% 698:703 After the optimal concentration of O-CMC was determined, gentamicin with different concentrations (0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2.5wt%) was added in the O-CMC/CSC, and then the compressive strength and antibacterial properties were investigated. 29806259 9 78 theme mineralization 1375:1388 arg1 experiment 1390:1399 In vitro mineralization experiment 1366:1399 In vitro mineralization experiment 1366:1399 In vitro mineralization experiment indicated that the induced mineralization ability of O-CMC/CSC was much higher than that of pure CSC. 29806259 10 79 theme cement 1597:1602 arg1 strength 1566:1573 the compressive strength 1550:1573 the compressive strength of the composite bone cement 1550:1602 The 0.5wt% O-CMC/CSC had the best performance; the compressive strength of the composite bone cement was above 5 MPa after gentamicin was added, which had antibacterial effect. 25497797 7 0 theme individual 1770:1779 arg1 samples 1781:1787 individual samples 1770:1787 individual samples within each breed 1770:1805 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 8 1 theme acidic 1878:1883 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 1 theme acidic 1878:1883 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 11 2 with A 2452:2452 arg1 P 2463:2463 1-2 P 2459:2463 1-2 P 2459:2463 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 12 3 theme nonglycosylated 2676:2690 arg1 CMP 2692:2694 nonglycosylated CMP 2676:2694 nonglycosylated CMP 2676:2694 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 4 4 dep variants 970:977 arg1 variants 970:977 the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E 953:989 the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 953:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 4 dep variants 970:977 arg1 B 982:982 B 982:982 B 982:982 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 4 dep variants 970:977 arg1 E 989:989 E 989:989 E 989:989 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 4 dep variants 970:977 arg1 A 979:979 A 979:979 A 979:979 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 8 5 theme N-acetyl-neuraminic 2021:2039 arg1 α2-6 2134:2137 α2-6 2134:2137 α2-6 2134:2137 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 5 theme N-acetyl-neuraminic 2021:2039 arg1 acid 2041:2044 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2021:2131 acid 2041:2044 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 6 theme { 1901:1901 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 6 theme { 1901:1901 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 7 theme various 728:734 arg1 forms 736:740 various forms 728:740 various forms of CMP 728:747 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 5 8 theme κ-CN 1293:1296 arg1 genotype 1298:1305 all κ-CN genotype 1289:1305 all κ-CN genotype 1289:1305 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 1 9 theme C-terminal 287:296 arg1 peptide 298:304 the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide 271:304 the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide 271:304 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 8 10 theme α 2046:2046 arg1 galactose 2077:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 11 theme acid 1922:1925 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 11 theme acid 1922:1925 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 2 12 link O-linked 557:564 arg1 glycosylation 566:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 12 13 theme lower 2622:2626 arg1 rates 2637:2641 lower reaction rates 2622:2641 lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP 2622:2694 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 9 14 theme content 2268:2274 arg1 measurement 2249:2259 the measurement 2245:2259 the measurement of CMP content during renneting 2245:2291 The CMP release was calculated to follow first-order kinetics and was determined by the measurement of CMP content during renneting. 25497797 8 15 attach attached 1841:1848 arg2 glycans 1833:1839 glycans 1833:1839 glycans attached to CMP 1833:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 15 attach attached 1841:1848 arg1 CMP 1853:1855 CMP 1853:1855 CMP 1853:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 16 theme chromatography 603:616 arg1 approach 584:591 An approach 581:591 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry 581:647 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 6 17 theme CMP 1374:1376 arg1 isoforms 1378:1385 multiple CMP isoforms 1365:1385 multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) 1365:1458 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 1 18 theme enzymatic 200:208 arg1 phase 210:214 the first enzymatic phase 190:214 the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation 190:234 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 8 19 theme galactose 2052:2060 arg1 galactose 2077:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 11 20 theme Concurring 2392:2401 arg1 results 2403:2409 Concurring results 2392:2409 Concurring results from both breeds 2392:2426 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 6 21 with isoforms 1378:1385 arg1 glycans 1408:1414 1 to 3 O-linked glycans 1392:1414 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) 1392:1422 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 21 with isoforms 1378:1385 arg1 G 1421:1421 1-3 G 1417:1421 1-3 G 1417:1421 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 21 with isoforms 1378:1385 arg1 groups 1445:1450 1 to 3 phosphate groups 1428:1450 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) 1428:1458 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 21 with isoforms 1378:1385 arg1 P 1457:1457 1-3 P 1453:1457 1-3 P 1453:1457 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 12 22 theme glycosylated 2592:2603 arg1 isoforms 2609:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 7 23 theme CMP 1737:1739 arg1 B 1741:1741 CMP B 1737:1741 CMP B 1737:1741 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 12 24 theme κ-CN 2806:2809 arg1 hydrolysis 2792:2801 chymosin-induced hydrolysis 2775:2801 chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN 2775:2809 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 10 25 theme release 2314:2320 arg1 rate 2306:2309 The highest rate 2294:2309 The highest rate of release for all CMP isoforms 2294:2341 The highest rate of release for all CMP isoforms occurred from 0 to 2min after chymosin addition. 25497797 9 26 theme CMP 2165:2167 arg1 release 2169:2175 The CMP release 2161:2175 The CMP release 2161:2175 The CMP release was calculated to follow first-order kinetics and was determined by the measurement of CMP content during renneting. 25497797 11 27 theme CMP 2498:2500 arg1 release 2502:2508 CMP release 2498:2508 CMP release 2498:2508 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 1 28 from phase 210:214 arg1 coagulation 224:234 milk coagulation 219:234 milk coagulation 219:234 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 7 29 theme identified 1528:1537 arg1 isoforms 1543:1550 identified CMP isoforms 1528:1550 identified CMP isoforms 1528:1550 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 8 30 theme [N-acetyl-neuraminic 1949:1968 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 30 theme [N-acetyl-neuraminic 1949:1968 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 12 31 theme chymosin-induced 2775:2790 arg1 hydrolysis 2792:2801 chymosin-induced hydrolysis 2775:2801 chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN 2775:2809 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 1 32 theme κ-casein 160:167 arg1 cleavage 148:155 Chymosin-induced cleavage 131:155 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) 131:174 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 8 33 theme galactose 2091:2099 arg1 } 2158:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 34 theme α 1975:1975 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 34 theme α 1975:1975 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 35 used used 653:656 arg2 approach 584:591 An approach 581:591 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry 581:647 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 6 36 dep 3 1397:1397 arg1 to 1394:1395 to 1394:1395 to 1394:1395 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 3 37 theme cow 790:792 arg1 samples 799:805 individual cow milk samples 779:805 individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH) 779:873 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 1 38 theme hydrophilic 275:285 arg1 peptide 298:304 the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide 271:304 the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide 271:304 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 6 39 theme O-linked 1399:1406 arg1 glycans 1408:1414 1 to 3 O-linked glycans 1392:1414 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) 1392:1422 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 39 theme O-linked 1399:1406 arg1 G 1421:1421 1-3 G 1417:1421 1-3 G 1417:1421 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 2 40 theme multiple 485:492 arg1 modifications 512:524 multiple posttranslational modifications 485:524 multiple posttranslational modifications 485:524 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 2 40 theme multiple 485:492 arg1 phosphorylation 537:551 phosphorylation 537:551 phosphorylation 537:551 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 2 40 theme multiple 485:492 arg1 glycosylation 566:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 1 41 theme κ-CN 309:312 arg1 peptide 298:304 the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide 271:304 the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide 271:304 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 8 42 theme galactose 2149:2157 arg1 } 2158:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 43 dep acid 2041:2044 arg1 acid 2128:2131 β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2101:2131 β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2101:2131 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 43 dep acid 2041:2044 arg1 galactose 2077:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 12 44 contain had 2618:2620 arg2 rates 2637:2641 lower reaction rates 2622:2641 lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP 2622:2694 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 12 44 contain had 2618:2620 arg1 isoforms 2609:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 4 45 theme distinct 912:919 arg1 types 944:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types 912:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 912:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 11 46 theme release 2502:2508 arg1 rate 2490:2493 the highest reaction rate 2469:2493 the highest reaction rate of CMP release 2469:2508 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 5 47 theme κ-CN 1148:1151 arg1 content 1137:1143 the highest relative content 1116:1143 the highest relative content of κ-CN 1116:1151 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 11 48 contain had 2465:2467 arg2 rate 2490:2493 the highest reaction rate 2469:2493 the highest reaction rate of CMP release 2469:2508 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 11 48 contain had 2465:2467 arg1 A 2452:2452 CMP variant A 2440:2452 CMP variant A with 1-2 P 2440:2463 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 8 49 theme N-acetyl 2140:2147 arg1 } 2158:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 5 50 theme κ-CN 1098:1101 arg1 BB 1103:1104 κ-CN BB 1098:1104 κ-CN BB 1098:1104 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 4 51 theme genetic 962:968 arg1 variants 970:977 the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E 953:989 the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 953:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 51 theme genetic 962:968 arg1 B 982:982 B 982:982 B 982:982 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 51 theme genetic 962:968 arg1 E 989:989 E 989:989 E 989:989 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 51 theme genetic 962:968 arg1 A 979:979 A 979:979 A 979:979 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 51 theme genetic 962:968 arg1 genotypes 998:1006 genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE 998:1029 genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE 998:1029 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 6 52 theme phosphate 1435:1443 arg1 groups 1445:1450 1 to 3 phosphate groups 1428:1450 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) 1428:1458 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 52 theme phosphate 1435:1443 arg1 P 1457:1457 1-3 P 1453:1457 1-3 P 1453:1457 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 53 theme CMP 1500:1502 arg1 isoforms 1504:1511 nonmodified CMP isoforms 1488:1511 nonmodified CMP isoforms 1488:1511 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 11 54 theme reaction 2481:2488 arg1 rate 2490:2493 the highest reaction rate 2469:2493 the highest reaction rate of CMP release 2469:2508 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 2 55 theme CMP 380:382 arg1 peptide 384:390 The CMP peptide 376:390 The CMP peptide 376:390 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 0 56 theme Genetic 0:6 arg1 variation 8:16 Genetic variation 0:16 Genetic variation 0:16 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 7 57 theme CMP 1680:1682 arg1 A 1692:1692 CMP variant A 1680:1692 CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B 1680:1741 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 57 theme CMP 1680:1682 arg1 variants 1670:1677 κ-CN genetic variants 1657:1677 κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E) 1657:1748 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 5 58 theme protein 1065:1071 arg1 profile 1073:1079 the protein profile 1061:1079 the protein profile 1061:1079 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 11 59 from breeds 2421:2426 arg1 results 2403:2409 Concurring results 2392:2409 Concurring results from both breeds 2392:2426 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 6 60 link O-linked 1399:1406 arg1 glycans 1408:1414 1 to 3 O-linked glycans 1392:1414 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) 1392:1422 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 60 link O-linked 1399:1406 arg1 G 1421:1421 1-3 G 1417:1421 1-3 G 1417:1421 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 3 61 dep release 717:723 arg1 2 710:710 2 710:710 2 710:710 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 2 62 theme genetic 463:469 arg1 variation 471:479 genetic variation 463:479 genetic variation 463:479 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 7 63 theme 26CMP 1623:1627 arg1 DJ 1619:1620 DJ 1619:1620 DJ 1619:1620 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 63 theme 26CMP 1623:1627 arg1 isoforms 1629:1636 26CMP isoforms 1623:1636 26CMP isoforms in DH 1623:1642 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 64 from isoforms 1629:1636 arg1 DH 1641:1642 DH 1641:1642 DH 1641:1642 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 2 65 theme posttranslational 494:510 arg1 modifications 512:524 multiple posttranslational modifications 485:524 multiple posttranslational modifications 485:524 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 2 65 theme posttranslational 494:510 arg1 phosphorylation 537:551 phosphorylation 537:551 phosphorylation 537:551 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 2 65 theme posttranslational 494:510 arg1 glycosylation 566:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 5 66 theme κ-CN 1236:1239 arg1 % 1224:1224 >90% 1221:1224 >90% of intact κ-CN 1221:1239 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 5 66 theme κ-CN 1236:1239 arg1 κ-CN 1236:1239 intact κ-CN 1229:1239 intact κ-CN 1229:1239 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 0 67 theme bovine 56:61 arg1 κ-casein 63:70 bovine κ-casein 56:70 bovine κ-casein 56:70 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 11 68 theme B 2527:2527 arg1 P 2533:2533 CMP B 1-2 P 2523:2533 CMP B 1-2 P 2523:2533 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 8 69 theme galactose 1991:1999 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 69 theme galactose 1991:1999 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 11 70 theme variant 2444:2450 arg1 A 2452:2452 CMP variant A 2440:2452 CMP variant A with 1-2 P 2440:2463 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 5 71 with milk 1088:1091 arg1 BB 1103:1104 κ-CN BB 1098:1104 κ-CN BB 1098:1104 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 6 72 theme CMP 1336:1338 arg1 profile 1356:1362 the CMP chromatographic profile 1332:1362 the CMP chromatographic profile 1332:1362 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 12 73 gly nonglycosylated 2676:2690 arg1 CMP 2692:2694 nonglycosylated CMP 2676:2694 nonglycosylated CMP 2676:2694 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 7 74 dep breeds 1582:1587 arg1 isoforms 1596:1603 21CMP isoforms 1590:1603 21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH 1590:1642 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 3 75 theme protein 689:695 arg1 profile 697:703 the overall protein profile 677:703 (1) the overall protein profile 673:703 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 10 76 theme highest 2298:2304 arg1 rate 2306:2309 The highest rate 2294:2309 The highest rate of release for all CMP isoforms 2294:2341 The highest rate of release for all CMP isoforms occurred from 0 to 2min after chymosin addition. 25497797 8 77 theme { 2020:2020 arg1 } 2158:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 12 78 theme hydrolysis 2792:2801 arg1 rate 2767:2770 the reaction rate 2754:2770 the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN 2754:2809 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 7 79 theme 21CMP 1590:1594 arg1 isoforms 1596:1603 21CMP isoforms 1590:1603 21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH 1590:1642 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 6 80 theme in-depth 1311:1318 arg1 analysis 1320:1327 in-depth analysis 1311:1327 in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile 1311:1362 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 8 81 theme glycans 1833:1839 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 81 theme glycans 1833:1839 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 82 theme acid 2041:2044 arg1 } 2158:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 11 83 dep only 2560:2563 arg1 in 2565:2566 in 2565:2566 in 2565:2566 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 3 84 dep profile 697:703 arg1 1 674:674 1 674:674 1 674:674 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 12 85 theme identified 2581:2590 arg1 isoforms 2609:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 8 86 theme tetrasaccharide 1885:1899 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 86 theme tetrasaccharide 1885:1899 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 87 theme forms 736:740 arg1 profile 697:703 the overall protein profile 677:703 (1) the overall protein profile 673:703 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 3 87 theme forms 736:740 arg1 release 717:723 the release 713:723 (2) the release of various forms of CMP 709:747 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 12 88 theme reaction 2628:2635 arg1 rates 2637:2641 lower reaction rates 2622:2641 lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP 2622:2694 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 9 89 theme CMP 2264:2266 arg1 content 2268:2274 CMP content 2264:2274 CMP content 2264:2274 The CMP release was calculated to follow first-order kinetics and was determined by the measurement of CMP content during renneting. 25497797 8 90 theme N-acetyl-neuraminic 1902:1920 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 90 theme N-acetyl-neuraminic 1902:1920 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 12 91 theme release 2646:2652 arg1 rates 2637:2641 lower reaction rates 2622:2641 lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP 2622:2694 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 3 92 theme liquid 596:601 arg1 chromatography 603:616 liquid chromatography 596:616 liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry 596:647 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 1 93 theme first 194:198 arg1 phase 210:214 the first enzymatic phase 190:214 the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation 190:234 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 8 94 theme β 2062:2062 arg1 galactose 2077:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 7 95 theme isoforms 1543:1550 arg1 number 1518:1523 The number 1514:1523 The number of identified CMP isoforms 1514:1550 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 8 96 theme α 1927:1927 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 96 theme α 1927:1927 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 97 dep } 2000:2000 arg1 } 2158:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 2020:2158 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 12 98 theme CMP 2605:2607 arg1 isoforms 2609:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 6 99 theme multiple 1365:1372 arg1 isoforms 1378:1385 multiple CMP isoforms 1365:1385 multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) 1365:1458 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 6 100 theme nonmodified 1488:1498 arg1 isoforms 1504:1511 nonmodified CMP isoforms 1488:1511 nonmodified CMP isoforms 1488:1511 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 8 101 theme 2-3 1929:1931 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 101 theme 2-3 1929:1931 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 102 theme CMP 745:747 arg1 forms 736:740 various forms 728:740 various forms of CMP 728:747 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 3 103 theme mass 631:634 arg1 spectrometry 636:647 mass spectrometry 631:647 mass spectrometry 631:647 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 6 104 theme profile 1356:1362 arg1 analysis 1320:1327 in-depth analysis 1311:1327 in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile 1311:1362 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 1 105 theme milk 219:222 arg1 coagulation 224:234 milk coagulation 219:234 milk coagulation 219:234 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 8 106 theme N-acetyl 2068:2075 arg1 galactose 2077:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose 2046:2085 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 2 107 theme O-linked 557:564 arg1 glycosylation 566:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 O-linked glycosylation 557:578 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 0 108 from effects 73:79 arg1 release 105:111 caseino-macropeptide release 84:111 caseino-macropeptide release 84:111 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 8 109 theme galactose 1933:1941 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 109 theme galactose 1933:1941 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 110 theme individual 779:788 arg1 samples 799:805 individual cow milk samples 779:805 individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH) 779:873 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 1 111 theme Chymosin-induced 131:146 arg1 cleavage 148:155 Chymosin-induced cleavage 131:155 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) 131:174 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 12 112 gly glycosylated 2592:2603 arg1 isoforms 2609:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms 2573:2616 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 3 113 theme chymosin 767:774 arg1 addition 755:762 addition 755:762 addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH) 755:873 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 7 114 theme CMP 1539:1541 arg1 isoforms 1543:1550 identified CMP isoforms 1528:1550 identified CMP isoforms 1528:1550 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 8 115 theme β 2101:2101 arg1 acid 2128:2131 β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2101:2131 β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2101:2131 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 5 116 dep showed 1081:1086 arg1 exhibited 1106:1114 exhibited 1106:1114 exhibited 1106:1114 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 5 117 theme AE 1162:1163 arg1 milk 1165:1168 AE milk 1162:1168 AE milk 1162:1168 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 4 118 theme heterozygous 931:942 arg1 types 944:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types 912:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 912:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 10 119 theme chymosin 2373:2380 arg1 addition 2382:2389 chymosin addition 2373:2389 chymosin addition 2373:2389 The highest rate of release for all CMP isoforms occurred from 0 to 2min after chymosin addition. 25497797 8 120 theme acid 1970:1973 arg1 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 2-6 1977:1979 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 120 theme acid 1970:1973 arg1 α 1975:1975 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α 1902:1975 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 5 121 theme relative 1128:1135 arg1 content 1137:1143 the highest relative content 1116:1143 the highest relative content of κ-CN 1116:1151 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 3 122 theme milk 794:797 arg1 samples 799:805 individual cow milk samples 779:805 individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH) 779:873 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 0 123 theme caseino-macropeptide 84:103 arg1 release 105:111 caseino-macropeptide release 84:111 caseino-macropeptide release 84:111 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 8 124 theme [N-acetyl-neuraminic 2107:2126 arg1 acid 2128:2131 β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2101:2131 β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 2101:2131 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 7 125 dep variants 1670:1677 arg1 E 1747:1747 E 1747:1747 E 1747:1747 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 125 dep variants 1670:1677 arg1 A 1692:1692 CMP variant A 1680:1692 CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B 1680:1741 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 125 dep variants 1670:1677 arg1 variants 1670:1677 κ-CN genetic variants 1657:1677 κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E) 1657:1748 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 12 126 theme glycan 2702:2707 arg1 modifications 2709:2721 glycan modifications 2702:2721 glycan modifications 2702:2721 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 10 127 theme CMP 2330:2332 arg1 isoforms 2334:2341 all CMP isoforms 2326:2341 all CMP isoforms 2326:2341 The highest rate of release for all CMP isoforms occurred from 0 to 2min after chymosin addition. 25497797 12 128 theme reaction 2758:2765 arg1 rate 2767:2770 the reaction rate 2754:2770 the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN 2754:2809 All the identified glycosylated CMP isoforms had lower reaction rates of release compared with that of nonglycosylated CMP, thus glycan modifications seemed to negatively influence the reaction rate of chymosin-induced hydrolysis of κ-CN. 25497797 7 129 theme variant 1684:1690 arg1 A 1692:1692 CMP variant A 1680:1692 CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B 1680:1741 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 129 theme variant 1684:1690 arg1 variants 1670:1677 κ-CN genetic variants 1657:1677 κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E) 1657:1748 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 4 130 theme homo- 921:925 arg1 types 944:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types 912:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 912:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 6 131 dep 3 1433:1433 arg1 to 1430:1431 to 1430:1431 to 1430:1431 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 8 132 theme predominant 1812:1822 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 132 theme predominant 1812:1822 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 11 133 theme E 2551:2551 arg1 P 2557:2557 CMP E 1-2 P 2547:2557 CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH) 2547:2570 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 11 133 theme E 2551:2551 arg1 DH 2568:2569 DH 2568:2569 DH 2568:2569 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 0 134 theme posttranslational 22:38 arg1 modification 40:51 posttranslational modification 22:51 posttranslational modification 22:51 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 7 135 theme genetic 1662:1668 arg1 E 1747:1747 E 1747:1747 E 1747:1747 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 135 theme genetic 1662:1668 arg1 A 1692:1692 CMP variant A 1680:1692 CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B 1680:1741 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 7 135 theme genetic 1662:1668 arg1 variants 1670:1677 κ-CN genetic variants 1657:1677 κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E) 1657:1748 The number of identified CMP isoforms varied to some extent between breeds (21CMP isoforms identified in DJ, 26CMP isoforms in DH) and between κ-CN genetic variants (CMP variant A being the most heterogeneous compared with CMP B and E), as well as between individual samples within each breed. 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 AE 1028:1029 AE 1028:1029 AE 1028:1029 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 i.e. 992:995 i.e. 992:995 i.e. 992:995 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 AB 1016:1017 AB 1016:1017 AB 1016:1017 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 EE 1020:1021 EE 1020:1021 EE 1020:1021 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 genotypes 998:1006 genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE 998:1029 genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE 998:1029 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 AA 1008:1009 AA 1008:1009 AA 1008:1009 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 136 dep genotypes 998:1006 arg1 BB 1012:1013 BB 1012:1013 BB 1012:1013 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 2 137 theme heterogeneous 416:428 arg1 composition 430:440 its rather heterogeneous composition 405:440 its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation 405:578 The CMP peptide is known for its rather heterogeneous composition with respect to both genetic variation and multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation. 25497797 3 138 from breeds 814:819 arg1 samples 799:805 individual cow milk samples 779:805 individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH) 779:873 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 11 139 theme highest 2473:2479 arg1 rate 2490:2493 the highest reaction rate 2469:2493 the highest reaction rate of CMP release 2469:2508 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 5 140 theme profile 1073:1079 arg1 investigation 1044:1056 investigation 1044:1056 investigation of the protein profile 1044:1079 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 4 141 theme κ-CN 957:960 arg1 variants 970:977 the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E 953:989 the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 953:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 141 theme κ-CN 957:960 arg1 B 982:982 B 982:982 B 982:982 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 141 theme κ-CN 957:960 arg1 E 989:989 E 989:989 E 989:989 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 141 theme κ-CN 957:960 arg1 A 979:979 A 979:979 A 979:979 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 4 141 theme κ-CN 957:960 arg1 genotypes 998:1006 genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE 998:1029 genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE 998:1029 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 5 142 theme intact 1229:1234 arg1 κ-CN 1236:1239 intact κ-CN 1229:1239 intact κ-CN 1229:1239 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 0 143 theme κ-casein 63:70 arg1 variation 8:16 Genetic variation 0:16 Genetic variation 0:16 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 0 143 theme κ-casein 63:70 arg1 modification 40:51 posttranslational modification 22:51 posttranslational modification 22:51 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 11 144 theme CMP 2523:2525 arg1 P 2533:2533 CMP B 1-2 P 2523:2533 CMP B 1-2 P 2523:2533 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 4 145 theme variants 970:977 arg1 types 944:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types 912:948 distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE) 912:1030 The cows were selected to represent distinct homo- and heterozygous types of the κ-CN genetic variants A, B, and E (i.e., genotypes AA, BB, AB, EE, and AE). 25497797 6 146 theme chromatographic 1340:1354 arg1 profile 1356:1362 the CMP chromatographic profile 1332:1362 the CMP chromatographic profile 1332:1362 By in-depth analysis of the CMP chromatographic profile, multiple CMP isoforms with 1 to 3 O-linked glycans (1-3 G) and 1 to 3 phosphate groups (1-3 P) were identified, as well as nonmodified CMP isoforms. 25497797 9 147 theme first-order 2202:2212 arg1 kinetics 2214:2221 first-order kinetics 2202:2221 first-order kinetics 2202:2221 The CMP release was calculated to follow first-order kinetics and was determined by the measurement of CMP content during renneting. 25497797 8 148 theme N-acetyl 1982:1989 arg1 } 2000:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} 1874:2000 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 8 148 theme N-acetyl 1982:1989 arg1 forms 1824:1828 The predominant forms 1808:1828 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP 1808:1855 The predominant forms of glycans attached to CMP were found to be the acidic tetrasaccharide {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-6)]N-acetyl galactose} or trisaccharides {N-acetyl-neuraminic acid α(2-3)galactose β(1-3)N-acetyl galactose and galactose β(1-3)[N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (α2-6)]N-acetyl galactose}. 25497797 3 149 theme overall 681:687 arg1 profile 697:703 the overall protein profile 677:703 (1) the overall protein profile 673:703 An approach of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate (1) the overall protein profile and (2) the release of various forms of CMP after addition of chymosin to individual cow milk samples from 2 breeds, Danish Jersey (DJ) and Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH). 25497797 5 150 theme renneting 1211:1219 arg1 40min 1202:1206 40min 1202:1206 40min of renneting 1202:1219 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 25497797 1 151 theme cheese 243:248 arg1 manufacturing 250:262 cheese manufacturing 243:262 cheese manufacturing 243:262 Chymosin-induced cleavage of κ-casein (κ-CN) occurs during the first enzymatic phase in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing, where the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide of κ-CN, named caseino-macropeptide (CMP), is released into the whey. 25497797 0 152 dep variation 8:16 arg1 effects 73:79 effects 73:79 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 0:129 Genetic variation and posttranslational modification of bovine κ-casein: effects on caseino-macropeptide release during renneting. 25497797 11 153 theme CMP 2547:2549 arg1 E 2551:2551 CMP E 1-2 2547:2555 CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH) 2547:2570 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 11 154 theme CMP 2440:2442 arg1 A 2452:2452 CMP variant A 2440:2452 CMP variant A with 1-2 P 2440:2463 Concurring results from both breeds showed that CMP variant A with 1-2 P had the highest reaction rate of CMP release, followed by CMP B 1-2 P and then by CMP E 1-2 P (only in DH). 25497797 5 155 theme highest 1120:1126 arg1 content 1137:1143 the highest relative content 1116:1143 the highest relative content of κ-CN 1116:1151 Initially, investigation of the protein profile showed milk with κ-CN BB exhibited the highest relative content of κ-CN, whereas AE milk exhibited the lowest, and after 40min of renneting >90% of intact κ-CN was hydrolyzed by chymosin in milk representing all κ-CN genotype. 28854489 0 0 theme spheres 84:90 arg1 carrier 49:55 a loaded carrier 40:55 a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions 40:122 Modulating the release of proteins from a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions. 28854489 7 1 theme release 1220:1226 arg1 rates 1228:1232 The release rates 1216:1232 The release rates 1216:1232 The release rates also exhibited linear patterns from 2 h to 24 h in all of the groups. 28854489 3 2 theme phosphate-buffered 772:789 arg1 saline 791:796 phosphate-buffered saline 772:796 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 772:802 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 2 theme phosphate-buffered 772:789 arg1 PBS 799:801 PBS 799:801 PBS 799:801 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 3 theme Morphological 555:567 arg1 characteristics 569:583 Morphological characteristics 555:583 Morphological characteristics 555:583 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 4 4 with Porous-spheres 828:841 arg1 gelatin 866:872 gelatin 866:872 gelatin 866:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 4 4 with Porous-spheres 828:841 arg1 amount 856:861 a large amount 848:861 a large amount of gelatin 848:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 0 5 theme porous 77:82 arg1 spheres 84:90 alginate/gelatin porous spheres 60:90 alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions 60:122 Modulating the release of proteins from a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions. 28854489 8 6 theme release 1357:1363 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1304:1314 CONCLUSIONS 1304:1314 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions 1304:1350 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 8 6 theme release 1357:1363 arg1 rates 1365:1369 BSA release rates 1353:1369 BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d 1353:1417 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 3 7 theme simulated 740:748 arg1 SBF 762:764 SBF 762:764 SBF 762:764 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 7 theme simulated 740:748 arg1 fluid 755:759 simulated body fluid 740:759 simulated body fluid (SBF) 740:765 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 4 8 theme absorption 905:914 arg1 rates 916:920 water absorption rates 899:920 water absorption rates 899:920 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 3 9 theme bovine 603:608 arg1 BSA 625:627 BSA 625:627 BSA 625:627 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 9 theme bovine 603:608 arg1 albumin 616:622 bovine serum albumin 603:622 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 603:628 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 2 10 from Porous-spheres 322:335 arg1 scale 351:355 millimeter scale 340:355 millimeter scale 340:355 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 8 11 theme BSA 1353:1355 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1304:1314 CONCLUSIONS 1304:1314 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions 1304:1350 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 8 11 theme BSA 1353:1355 arg1 rates 1365:1369 BSA release rates 1353:1369 BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d 1353:1417 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 4 12 theme water 899:903 arg1 rates 916:920 water absorption rates 899:920 water absorption rates 899:920 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 3 13 theme serum 610:614 arg1 BSA 625:627 BSA 625:627 BSA 625:627 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 13 theme serum 610:614 arg1 albumin 616:622 bovine serum albumin 603:622 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 603:628 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 2 14 theme millimeter 340:349 arg1 scale 351:355 millimeter scale 340:355 millimeter scale 340:355 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 4 15 theme gelatin 866:872 arg1 gelatin 866:872 gelatin 866:872 gelatin 866:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 4 15 theme gelatin 866:872 arg1 amount 856:861 a large amount 848:861 a large amount of gelatin 848:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 1 16 theme controlled 176:185 arg1 delivery 197:204 the controlled biofactor delivery 172:204 the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors 172:309 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 0 17 theme different 104:112 arg1 solutions 114:122 different solutions 104:122 different solutions 104:122 Modulating the release of proteins from a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions. 28854489 8 18 from d 1324:1324 arg1 solutions 1342:1350 solutions 1342:1350 solutions 1342:1350 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 3 19 dep METHODS 547:553 arg1 detected 810:817 detected 810:817 were detected 805:817 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 7 20 dep 24 h 1277:1280 arg1 to 1274:1275 to 1274:1275 to 1274:1275 The release rates also exhibited linear patterns from 2 h to 24 h in all of the groups. 28854489 1 21 theme biofactor 187:195 arg1 delivery 197:204 the controlled biofactor delivery 172:204 the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors 172:309 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 2 22 theme particulate 525:535 arg1 leaching 537:544 particulate leaching 525:544 particulate leaching 525:544 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 7 23 from 24 h 1277:1280 arg1 patterns 1256:1263 linear patterns 1249:1263 linear patterns from 2 h to 24 h 1249:1280 The release rates also exhibited linear patterns from 2 h to 24 h in all of the groups. 28854489 6 24 theme BSA 1183:1185 arg1 rate 1175:1178 the highest release rate 1155:1178 the highest release rate of BSA in SBF 1155:1192 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 2 25 theme gelatin 401:407 arg1 networks 426:433 sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks 381:433 networks 426:433 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 1 26 theme drugs 287:291 arg1 diffusion 274:282 diffusion 274:282 diffusion 274:282 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 1 26 theme drugs 287:291 arg1 permeation 259:268 permeation 259:268 permeation 259:268 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 6 27 from loss 1102:1105 arg1 PBS 1110:1112 PBS 1110:1112 PBS 1110:1112 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 3 28 dep characteristics 569:583 arg1 rates 638:642 release rates 630:642 release rates 630:642 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 6 29 from rate 1175:1178 arg1 SBF 1190:1192 SBF 1190:1192 SBF 1190:1192 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 9 30 theme porous-spheres 1439:1452 arg1 degradation 1424:1434 The degradation 1420:1434 The degradation of porous-spheres 1420:1452 The degradation of porous-spheres also showed an inverse pattern. 28854489 5 31 theme 100-200 µm 1039:1048 arg1 diameter 1027:1034 a diameter 1025:1034 a diameter of 100-200 µm 1025:1048 Highly interconnected pores with a diameter of 100-200 µm were uniformly distributed in scaffolds. 28854489 2 32 theme OBJECTIVE 312:320 arg1 Porous-spheres 322:335 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres 312:335 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale 312:355 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 2 33 theme interconnected 455:468 arg1 pores 475:479 interconnected open pores 455:479 interconnected open pores 455:479 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 2 34 theme open 470:473 arg1 pores 475:479 interconnected open pores 455:479 interconnected open pores 455:479 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 1 35 theme growth 296:301 arg1 factors 303:309 growth factors 296:309 growth factors 296:309 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 6 36 theme release 1167:1173 arg1 rate 1175:1178 the highest release rate 1155:1178 the highest release rate of BSA in SBF 1155:1192 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 6 37 theme weight 1095:1100 arg1 loss 1102:1105 The weight loss 1091:1105 The weight loss in PBS 1091:1112 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 6 37 theme weight 1095:1100 arg1 faster 1118:1123 faster 1118:1123 faster 1118:1123 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 1 38 theme factors 303:309 arg1 diffusion 274:282 diffusion 274:282 diffusion 274:282 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 1 38 theme factors 303:309 arg1 permeation 259:268 permeation 259:268 permeation 259:268 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 1 39 theme pores 224:228 arg1 assembly 212:219 assembly 212:219 assembly of pores in scaffolds 212:241 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 0 40 theme proteins 26:33 arg1 release 15:21 the release 11:21 the release of proteins 11:33 Modulating the release of proteins from a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions. 28854489 3 41 theme different 684:692 arg1 solutions 694:702 three different solutions 678:702 three different solutions 678:702 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 1 42 from pores 224:228 arg1 scaffolds 233:241 scaffolds 233:241 scaffolds 233:241 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 9 43 theme inverse 1469:1475 arg1 pattern 1477:1483 an inverse pattern 1466:1483 an inverse pattern 1466:1483 The degradation of porous-spheres also showed an inverse pattern. 28854489 2 44 theme solvent 505:511 arg1 casting 513:519 solvent casting 505:519 solvent casting 505:519 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 8 45 theme immersion 1329:1337 arg1 d 1324:1324 1 d 1322:1324 1 d of immersion in solutions 1322:1350 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 3 46 theme release 630:636 arg1 rates 638:642 release rates 630:642 release rates 630:642 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 4 47 theme scaffold 940:947 arg1 strength 949:956 scaffold strength 940:956 scaffold strength 940:956 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 6 48 theme highest 1159:1165 arg1 rate 1175:1178 the highest release rate 1155:1178 the highest release rate of BSA in SBF 1155:1192 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 0 49 theme a loaded 40:47 arg1 carrier 49:55 a loaded carrier 40:55 a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions 40:122 Modulating the release of proteins from a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions. 28854489 3 50 theme distilled 723:731 arg1 water 733:737 deionized distilled water 713:737 deionized distilled water 713:737 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 4 51 theme large 850:854 arg1 gelatin 866:872 gelatin 866:872 gelatin 866:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 4 51 theme large 850:854 arg1 amount 856:861 a large amount 848:861 a large amount of gelatin 848:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 1 52 from assembly 212:219 arg1 scaffolds 233:241 scaffolds 233:241 scaffolds 233:241 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 7 53 theme linear 1249:1254 arg1 patterns 1256:1263 linear patterns 1249:1263 linear patterns from 2 h to 24 h 1249:1280 The release rates also exhibited linear patterns from 2 h to 24 h in all of the groups. 28854489 1 54 from scaffolds 233:241 arg1 assembly 212:219 assembly 212:219 assembly of pores in scaffolds 212:241 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 1 55 dep permeation 259:268 arg1 the 255:257 the 255:257 the 255:257 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 5 56 theme interconnected 999:1012 arg1 pores 1014:1018 Highly interconnected pores 992:1018 Highly interconnected pores with a diameter of 100-200 µm 992:1048 Highly interconnected pores with a diameter of 100-200 µm were uniformly distributed in scaffolds. 28854489 1 57 theme biodegradable 138:150 arg1 particle 159:166 A biodegradable porous particle 136:166 A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors 136:309 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 0 58 theme alginate/gelatin 60:75 arg1 spheres 84:90 alginate/gelatin porous spheres 60:90 alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions 60:122 Modulating the release of proteins from a loaded carrier of alginate/gelatin porous spheres immersed in different solutions. 28854489 3 59 theme deionized 713:721 arg1 water 733:737 deionized distilled water 713:737 deionized distilled water 713:737 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 60 theme porous-spheres 651:664 arg1 characteristics 569:583 Morphological characteristics 555:583 Morphological characteristics 555:583 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 60 theme porous-spheres 651:664 arg1 BSA 625:627 BSA 625:627 BSA 625:627 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 60 theme porous-spheres 651:664 arg1 albumin 616:622 bovine serum albumin 603:622 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 603:628 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 60 theme porous-spheres 651:664 arg1 degradation 586:596 degradation 586:596 degradation 586:596 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 8 61 from rates 1365:1369 arg1 scaffolds 1374:1382 scaffolds 1374:1382 scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d 1374:1417 CONCLUSIONS After 1 d of immersion in solutions, BSA release rates in scaffolds logarithmically decreased for 14 d. 28854489 1 62 theme porous 152:157 arg1 particle 159:166 A biodegradable porous particle 136:166 A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors 136:309 BACKGROUND A biodegradable porous particle for the controlled biofactor delivery which assembly of pores in scaffolds can improve the permeation and diffusion of drugs or growth factors. 28854489 2 63 theme interpenetrating 409:424 arg1 networks 426:433 sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks 381:433 networks 426:433 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 5 64 with pores 1014:1018 arg1 diameter 1027:1034 a diameter 1025:1034 a diameter of 100-200 µm 1025:1048 Highly interconnected pores with a diameter of 100-200 µm were uniformly distributed in scaffolds. 28854489 6 65 theme other 1138:1142 arg1 solutions 1144:1152 other solutions 1138:1152 other solutions 1138:1152 The weight loss in PBS was faster than that in other solutions; the highest release rate of BSA in SBF was observed for 2 h. 28854489 3 66 theme body 750:753 arg1 SBF 762:764 SBF 762:764 SBF 762:764 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 3 66 theme body 750:753 arg1 fluid 755:759 simulated body fluid 740:759 simulated body fluid (SBF) 740:765 METHODS Morphological characteristics, degradation, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release rates of the porous-spheres immersed in three different solutions, namely, deionized distilled water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), were detected. 28854489 4 67 theme RESULTS 820:826 arg1 Porous-spheres 828:841 RESULTS Porous-spheres 820:841 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin 820:872 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 28854489 2 68 theme sodium 381:386 arg1 alginate 388:395 sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks 381:433 alginate 388:395 OBJECTIVE Porous-spheres in millimeter scale were prepared by mixing sodium alginate and gelatin interpenetrating networks with cross-linkers; interconnected open pores were fabricated through solvent casting and particulate leaching. 28854489 4 69 from increase 887:894 arg1 rates 916:920 water absorption rates 899:920 water absorption rates 899:920 RESULTS Porous-spheres with a large amount of gelatin exhibited an increase in water absorption rates without affecting scaffold strength and no cytotoxicity was elicited. 29100363 0 0 theme benign 104:109 arg1 hyperplasia 120:130 benign prostate hyperplasia 104:130 benign prostate hyperplasia 104:130 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 4 1 theme prostate 503:510 arg1 hyperplasia 512:522 benign prostate hyperplasia 496:522 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) 496:528 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 1 theme prostate 503:510 arg1 BPH 525:527 BPH 525:527 BPH 525:527 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 5 2 theme BPH 625:627 arg1 patients 640:647 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 622:647 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 622:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 8 3 theme profiles 916:923 arg1 separation 891:900 no distinct separation 879:900 no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients 879:952 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 29100363 9 4 theme glycan 1002:1007 arg1 FA2 1009:1011 glycan FA2 1002:1011 glycan FA2 1002:1011 However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. 29100363 5 5 from profiles 682:689 arg1 population 702:711 Chinese population 694:711 Chinese population 694:711 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 4 6 theme PSA 402:404 arg1 markers 455:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 6 theme PSA 402:404 arg1 subforms 413:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 9 7 theme FA2 1009:1011 arg1 increase 990:997 a significant increase 976:997 a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa 976:1032 However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. 29100363 10 8 theme advanced 1154:1161 arg1 PCa 1163:1165 advanced PCa 1154:1165 advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa 1154:1267 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 3 9 theme common 351:356 arg1 alteration 335:344 Glycosylation alteration 321:344 Glycosylation alteration 321:344 Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. 29100363 3 9 theme common 351:356 arg1 phenomenon 358:367 a common phenomenon 349:367 a common phenomenon in cancer development 349:389 Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. 29100363 0 10 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 N-glycosylation 54:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 4 11 from hyperplasia 512:522 arg1 PCa 487:489 PCa 487:489 PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) 487:528 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 12 theme Different 392:400 arg1 markers 455:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 12 theme Different 392:400 arg1 subforms 413:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 7 13 theme PSA 840:842 arg1 profiles 851:858 PSA glycan profiles 840:858 PSA glycan profiles 840:858 We observed two major patterns in PSA glycan profiles. 29100363 0 14 theme prostate 111:118 arg1 hyperplasia 120:130 benign prostate hyperplasia 104:130 benign prostate hyperplasia 104:130 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 5 15 theme PCa 636:638 arg1 patients 640:647 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 622:647 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 622:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 5 16 theme EPS 598:600 arg1 samples 609:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples 567:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 567:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 7 17 theme major 822:826 arg1 patterns 828:835 two major patterns 818:835 two major patterns in PSA glycan profiles 818:858 We observed two major patterns in PSA glycan profiles. 29100363 9 18 theme FM5A2G2S1 1017:1025 arg1 increase 990:997 a significant increase 976:997 a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa 976:1032 However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. 29100363 5 19 theme -urine 602:607 arg1 samples 609:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples 567:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 567:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 4 20 theme glycan 406:411 arg1 markers 455:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 20 theme glycan 406:411 arg1 subforms 413:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 10 21 theme Gleason 1172:1178 arg1 score 1180:1184 Gleason score ≥8 1172:1187 Gleason score ≥8 1172:1187 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 10 21 theme Gleason 1172:1178 arg1 marker 1243:1248 a marker 1241:1248 a marker for aggressive PCa 1241:1267 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 6 22 theme type 780:783 arg1 glycans 797:803 complex type biantennary glycans 772:803 complex type biantennary glycans 772:803 We found that most of the PSA glycans from EPS-urine were complex type biantennary glycans. 29100363 4 23 theme benign 496:501 arg1 hyperplasia 512:522 benign prostate hyperplasia 496:522 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) 496:528 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 23 theme benign 496:501 arg1 BPH 525:527 BPH 525:527 BPH 525:527 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 6 24 from EPS-urine 757:765 arg1 glycans 744:750 the PSA glycans 736:750 the PSA glycans from EPS-urine 736:765 We found that most of the PSA glycans from EPS-urine were complex type biantennary glycans. 29100363 5 25 theme expressed 567:575 arg1 samples 609:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples 567:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 567:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 9 26 from increase 990:997 arg1 PCa 1030:1032 PCa 1030:1032 PCa 1030:1032 However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. 29100363 1 27 theme early 193:197 arg1 diagnosis 199:207 early diagnosis 193:207 early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) 193:232 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 0 28 theme prostate 25:32 arg1 N-glycosylation 54:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 6 29 theme PSA 740:742 arg1 glycans 744:750 the PSA glycans 736:750 the PSA glycans from EPS-urine 736:765 We found that most of the PSA glycans from EPS-urine were complex type biantennary glycans. 29100363 5 30 theme PSA 671:673 arg1 profiles 682:689 detailed PSA glycan profiles 662:689 detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population 662:711 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 5 31 theme prostate 577:584 arg1 samples 609:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples 567:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 567:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 10 32 with PCa 1163:1165 arg1 score 1180:1184 Gleason score ≥8 1172:1187 Gleason score ≥8 1172:1187 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 10 32 with PCa 1163:1165 arg1 marker 1243:1248 a marker 1241:1248 a marker for aggressive PCa 1241:1267 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 5 33 theme secretions 586:595 arg1 samples 609:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples 567:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 567:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 3 34 theme cancer 372:377 arg1 development 379:389 cancer development 372:389 cancer development 372:389 Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. 29100363 5 35 theme glycan 675:680 arg1 profiles 682:689 detailed PSA glycan profiles 662:689 detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population 662:711 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 9 36 theme BPH 1053:1055 arg1 patients 1057:1064 BPH patients 1053:1064 BPH patients 1053:1064 However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. 29100363 0 37 theme PSA 50:52 arg1 N-glycosylation 54:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 5 38 from samples 609:615 arg1 PSA 558:560 PSA 558:560 PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 558:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 4 39 theme diagnostic 444:453 arg1 markers 455:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 diagnostic markers 444:461 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 4 39 theme diagnostic 444:453 arg1 subforms 413:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms 392:420 Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 29100363 1 40 theme prostate 212:219 arg1 PCa 229:231 PCa 229:231 PCa 229:231 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 1 40 theme prostate 212:219 arg1 cancer 221:226 prostate cancer 212:226 prostate cancer (PCa) 212:232 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 0 41 theme secretion-urine 34:48 arg1 N-glycosylation 54:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 10 42 theme FA2 1116:1118 arg1 glycan 1120:1125 FA2 glycan 1116:1125 FA2 glycan 1116:1125 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 8 43 theme distinct 882:889 arg1 separation 891:900 no distinct separation 879:900 no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients 879:952 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 29100363 1 44 theme cancer 221:226 arg1 diagnosis 199:207 early diagnosis 193:207 early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) 193:232 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 5 45 theme Chinese 694:700 arg1 population 702:711 Chinese population 694:711 Chinese population 694:711 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 8 46 theme BPH 933:935 arg1 patients 945:952 BPH and PCa patients 933:952 BPH and PCa patients 933:952 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 29100363 3 47 from phenomenon 358:367 arg1 development 379:389 cancer development 372:389 cancer development 372:389 Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. 29100363 1 48 theme prostate 137:144 arg1 antigen 155:161 prostate specific antigen 137:161 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 133:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 1 48 theme prostate 137:144 arg1 PSA 164:166 PSA 164:166 PSA 164:166 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 10 49 theme aggressive 1254:1263 arg1 PCa 1265:1267 aggressive PCa 1254:1267 aggressive PCa 1254:1267 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 1 50 theme specific 146:153 arg1 antigen 155:161 prostate specific antigen 137:161 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 133:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 1 50 theme specific 146:153 arg1 PSA 164:166 PSA 164:166 PSA 164:166 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 7 51 from patterns 828:835 arg1 profiles 851:858 PSA glycan profiles 840:858 PSA glycan profiles 840:858 We observed two major patterns in PSA glycan profiles. 29100363 2 52 theme limited 248:254 arg1 sensitivity 256:266 its limited sensitivity 244:266 its limited sensitivity 244:266 However, its limited sensitivity has led to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PCa. 29100363 6 53 theme complex 772:778 arg1 glycans 797:803 complex type biantennary glycans 772:803 complex type biantennary glycans 772:803 We found that most of the PSA glycans from EPS-urine were complex type biantennary glycans. 29100363 1 54 theme antigen 155:161 arg1 test 169:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 133:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 133:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 5 55 theme detailed 662:669 arg1 profiles 682:689 detailed PSA glycan profiles 662:689 detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population 662:711 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 0 56 from hyperplasia 120:130 arg1 cancer 92:97 prostate cancer 83:97 prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia 83:130 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 8 57 theme glycan 909:914 arg1 profiles 916:923 PSA glycan profiles 905:923 PSA glycan profiles 905:923 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 29100363 2 58 theme PCa 316:318 arg1 over-treatment 298:311 over-treatment 298:311 over-treatment 298:311 However, its limited sensitivity has led to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PCa. 29100363 2 58 theme PCa 316:318 arg1 over-diagnosis 279:292 over-diagnosis 279:292 over-diagnosis 279:292 However, its limited sensitivity has led to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PCa. 29100363 9 59 theme significant 978:988 arg1 increase 990:997 a significant increase 976:997 a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa 976:1032 However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. 29100363 10 60 theme glycan 1120:1125 arg1 composition 1101:1111 the composition 1097:1111 the composition of FA2 glycan 1097:1125 Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa. 29100363 3 61 theme Glycosylation 321:333 arg1 alteration 335:344 Glycosylation alteration 321:344 Glycosylation alteration 321:344 Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. 29100363 3 61 theme Glycosylation 321:333 arg1 phenomenon 358:367 a common phenomenon 349:367 a common phenomenon in cancer development 349:389 Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. 29100363 6 62 theme biantennary 785:795 arg1 glycans 797:803 complex type biantennary glycans 772:803 complex type biantennary glycans 772:803 We found that most of the PSA glycans from EPS-urine were complex type biantennary glycans. 29100363 1 63 used used 184:187 arg2 test 169:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 133:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 133:172 The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). 29100363 8 64 theme PSA 905:907 arg1 profiles 916:923 PSA glycan profiles 905:923 PSA glycan profiles 905:923 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 29100363 8 65 theme PCa 941:943 arg1 patients 945:952 BPH and PCa patients 933:952 BPH and PCa patients 933:952 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 29100363 5 66 from patients 640:647 arg1 samples 609:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples 567:615 expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients 567:647 In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. 29100363 0 67 theme prostate 83:90 arg1 cancer 92:97 prostate cancer 83:97 prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia 83:130 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 0 68 theme expressed 15:23 arg1 N-glycosylation 54:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation 15:68 Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. 29100363 7 69 theme glycan 844:849 arg1 profiles 851:858 PSA glycan profiles 840:858 PSA glycan profiles 840:858 We observed two major patterns in PSA glycan profiles. 29100363 8 70 dep Overall 861:867 arg1 there 869:873 there 869:873 there 869:873 Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. 27987937 4 0 theme cost-effective 782:795 arg1 membranes 832:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 1 1 theme PPy/CuS/BC 279:288 arg1 electrodes 265:274 nanofibrous composite electrodes 243:274 nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications 243:329 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 4 2 theme promising 750:758 arg1 approach 760:767 a promising approach 748:767 a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes 748:887 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 2 3 dep capacitance 389:399 arg1 the 376:378 the 376:378 the 376:378 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 1 4 theme copper 140:145 arg1 CuS 156:158 CuS 156:158 CuS 156:158 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 1 4 theme copper 140:145 arg1 sulfide 147:153 copper sulfide 140:153 copper sulfide (CuS) 140:159 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 4 5 theme flexible 801:808 arg1 membranes 832:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 2 6 theme BC-based 426:433 arg1 electrodes 435:444 BC-based electrodes 426:444 BC-based electrodes 426:444 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 3 7 theme 0.8mAcm-2 581:589 arg1 density 570:576 a current density 560:576 a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 560:589 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 2 8 theme electrodes 435:444 arg1 capacitance 389:399 specific capacitance 380:399 specific capacitance 380:399 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 2 8 theme electrodes 435:444 arg1 stability 413:421 cycling stability 405:421 cycling stability 405:421 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 0 9 theme polypyrrole/copper 9:26 arg1 membranes 78:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes 0:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 0:116 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 2 10 theme CuS 352:354 arg1 introduction 336:347 The introduction 332:347 The introduction of CuS 332:354 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 1 11 theme bacterial 197:205 arg1 membranes 222:230 bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 197:230 bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 197:230 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 0 12 theme Flexible 0:7 arg1 membranes 78:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes 0:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 0:116 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 1 13 theme flexible 294:301 arg1 applications 318:329 flexible supercapacitor applications 294:329 flexible supercapacitor applications 294:329 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 1 14 theme cellulose 207:215 arg1 membranes 222:230 bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 197:230 bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 197:230 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 0 15 theme cellulose 46:54 arg1 membranes 78:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes 0:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 0:116 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 1 16 theme supercapacitor 303:316 arg1 applications 318:329 flexible supercapacitor applications 294:329 flexible supercapacitor applications 294:329 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 4 17 theme supercapacitor 863:876 arg1 electrodes 878:887 high-performance supercapacitor electrodes 846:887 high-performance supercapacitor electrodes 846:887 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 0 18 theme sulfide/bacterial 28:44 arg1 membranes 78:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes 0:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 0:116 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 3 19 theme PPy/BC-based 667:678 arg1 device 680:685 the PPy/BC-based device 663:685 the PPy/BC-based device 663:685 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 1 20 theme BC 218:219 arg1 membranes 222:230 bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 197:230 bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 197:230 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 0 21 theme composite 68:76 arg1 membranes 78:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes 0:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 0:116 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 3 22 theme initial 625:631 arg1 value 633:637 their initial value 619:637 their initial value after 300 cycles 619:654 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 3 23 theme supercapacitors 479:493 arg1 capacitance 460:470 The specific capacitance 447:470 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes 447:528 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 0 24 theme nanofibrous 56:66 arg1 membranes 78:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes 0:86 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 0:116 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 3 25 theme value 633:637 arg1 value 633:637 their initial value 619:637 their initial value after 300 cycles 619:654 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 3 25 theme value 633:637 arg1 % 614:614 about 73% 606:614 about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles 606:654 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 3 26 theme PPy/CuS/BC 508:517 arg1 electrodes 519:528 the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes 504:528 the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes 504:528 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 2 27 theme specific 380:387 arg1 capacitance 389:399 specific capacitance 380:399 specific capacitance 380:399 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 3 28 theme specific 451:458 arg1 capacitance 460:470 The specific capacitance 447:470 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes 447:528 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 4 29 theme composite 822:830 arg1 membranes 832:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 4 30 theme high-performance 846:861 arg1 electrodes 878:887 high-performance supercapacitor electrodes 846:887 high-performance supercapacitor electrodes 846:887 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 4 31 theme nanofibrous 810:820 arg1 membranes 832:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes 782:840 This work provides a promising approach to fabricate cost-effective and flexible nanofibrous composite membranes for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 3 32 theme current 562:568 arg1 density 570:576 a current density 560:576 a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 560:589 The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors based on the PPy/CuS/BC electrodes can reach to about 580Fg-1 at a current density of 0.8mAcm-2 and can retain about 73% of their initial value after 300 cycles, while the PPy/BC-based device could retain only 21.7% after 300 cycles. 27987937 1 33 theme nanofibrous 243:253 arg1 electrodes 265:274 nanofibrous composite electrodes 243:274 nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications 243:329 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 27987937 0 34 theme supercapacitor 91:104 arg1 electrodes 106:115 supercapacitor electrodes 91:115 supercapacitor electrodes 91:115 Flexible polypyrrole/copper sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes as supercapacitor electrodes. 27987937 2 35 theme cycling 405:411 arg1 stability 413:421 cycling stability 405:421 cycling stability 405:421 The introduction of CuS remarkably improves the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BC-based electrodes. 27987937 1 36 theme composite 255:263 arg1 electrodes 265:274 nanofibrous composite electrodes 243:274 nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications 243:329 Polypyrrole (PPy) and copper sulfide (CuS) have been successfully deposited on bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes to prepare nanofibrous composite electrodes of PPy/CuS/BC for flexible supercapacitor applications. 24961302 6 0 theme force 1065:1069 arg1 microscopy 1071:1080 atomic force microscopy 1058:1080 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1058:1086 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 6 0 theme force 1065:1069 arg1 AFM 1083:1085 AFM 1083:1085 AFM 1083:1085 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 7 1 theme Complete 1089:1096 arg1 coverage 1098:1105 Complete coverage 1089:1105 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles 1089:1161 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 11 2 theme controlled 1766:1775 arg1 architecture 1777:1788 highly controlled architecture 1759:1788 highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall 1759:1948 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 1 3 theme polysaccharides 240:254 arg1 polymers 228:235 structural polymers 217:235 structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 217:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 7 4 with coverage 1098:1105 arg1 lignin 1127:1132 lignin 1127:1132 lignin in all the deposition cycles 1127:1161 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 10 5 theme Scanning 1495:1502 arg1 SEM 1525:1527 SEM 1525:1527 SEM 1525:1527 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 10 5 theme Scanning 1495:1502 arg1 microscopy 1513:1522 Scanning electron microscopy 1495:1522 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections 1495:1560 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 1 6 theme lignin 260:265 arg1 polymers 228:235 structural polymers 217:235 structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 217:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 4 7 theme dissipation 833:843 arg1 QCM-D 857:861 QCM-D 857:861 QCM-D 857:861 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 4 7 theme dissipation 833:843 arg1 monitoring 845:854 dissipation monitoring 833:854 dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) 833:862 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 3 8 theme simplified 708:717 arg1 wall 730:733 this simplified model cell wall 703:733 this simplified model cell wall 703:733 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 11 9 theme cell 1940:1943 arg1 wall 1945:1948 the native cell wall 1929:1948 the native cell wall 1929:1948 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 9 10 theme free-standing 1379:1391 arg1 films 1421:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. 24961302 8 11 theme CA 1352:1353 arg1 substrate 1356:1364 a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate 1331:1364 a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate 1331:1364 The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. 24961302 10 12 theme fractured 1537:1545 arg1 cross-sections 1547:1560 the fractured cross-sections 1533:1560 the fractured cross-sections 1533:1560 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 11 13 theme polymer-polymer 1865:1879 arg1 nanoscale 1852:1860 nanoscale 1852:1860 nanoscale 1852:1860 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 11 13 theme polymer-polymer 1865:1879 arg1 nanocomposites 1881:1894 a polymer-polymer nanocomposites 1863:1894 a polymer-polymer nanocomposites 1863:1894 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 9 14 theme assembled 1397:1405 arg1 films 1421:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. 24961302 3 15 theme cell 725:728 arg1 wall 730:733 this simplified model cell wall 703:733 this simplified model cell wall 703:733 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 16 theme polymers 570:577 arg1 assembly 533:540 the assembly 529:540 the assembly of these negatively charged polymers 529:577 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 1 17 theme Woody 112:116 arg1 materials 118:126 Woody materials 112:126 Woody materials 112:126 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 5 18 theme layer 906:910 arg1 mass/thickness 912:925 layer mass/thickness 906:925 layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer 906:944 The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. 24961302 2 19 theme nanofibril 487:496 arg1 NFC 509:511 NFC 509:511 NFC 509:511 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 2 19 theme nanofibril 487:496 arg1 cellulose 498:506 oxidized nanofibril cellulose 478:506 oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 478:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 0 20 theme Nanocellulose 61:73 arg1 films 52:56 free-standing films 38:56 free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation 38:109 Towards biomimicking wood: fabricated free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation. 24961302 3 21 theme charged 593:599 arg1 layer 687:691 a linking layer 677:691 a linking layer 677:691 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 21 theme charged 593:599 arg1 poly 618:621 poly 618:621 poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA) 618:662 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 21 theme charged 593:599 arg1 polyelectrolyte 601:615 a positively charged polyelectrolyte 580:615 a positively charged polyelectrolyte 580:615 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 8 22 theme adsorption 1263:1272 arg1 process 1274:1280 The adsorption process 1259:1280 The adsorption process 1259:1280 The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. 24961302 0 23 theme Lignin 76:81 arg1 films 52:56 free-standing films 38:56 free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation 38:109 Towards biomimicking wood: fabricated free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation. 24961302 1 24 theme cell 151:154 arg1 walls 156:160 plant cell walls 145:160 plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 145:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 4 25 with microbalance 815:826 arg1 QCM-D 857:861 QCM-D 857:861 QCM-D 857:861 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 4 25 with microbalance 815:826 arg1 ellipsometry 868:879 ellipsometry 868:879 ellipsometry 868:879 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 4 25 with microbalance 815:826 arg1 monitoring 845:854 dissipation monitoring 833:854 dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) 833:862 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 7 26 from lignin 1127:1132 arg1 cycles 1156:1161 all the deposition cycles 1137:1161 all the deposition cycles 1137:1161 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 7 27 theme deposition 1145:1154 arg1 cycles 1156:1161 all the deposition cycles 1137:1161 all the deposition cycles 1137:1161 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 2 28 theme aqueous 372:378 arg1 solutions 380:388 aqueous solutions 372:388 aqueous solutions 372:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 6 29 theme layers 1034:1039 arg1 coverage 1009:1016 The surface coverage 997:1016 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers 997:1039 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 2 30 theme composite 423:431 arg1 film 433:436 a freestanding composite film 408:436 a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 408:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 1 31 contain contain 167:173 arg2 wall 200:203 a layered secondary cell wall 175:203 a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 175:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 1 31 contain contain 167:173 arg1 walls 156:160 plant cell walls 145:160 plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 145:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 7 32 theme surface 1114:1120 arg1 coverage 1098:1105 Complete coverage 1089:1105 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles 1089:1161 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 2 33 theme wood 450:453 arg1 polymers 455:462 isolated wood polymers 441:462 isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 441:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 4 34 theme quartz 800:805 arg1 microbalance 815:826 quartz crystal microbalance 800:826 quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry 800:879 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 8 35 theme cellulose 1333:1341 arg1 substrate 1356:1364 a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate 1331:1364 a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate 1331:1364 The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. 24961302 10 36 theme adsorption 1613:1622 arg1 cycle 1624:1628 adsorption cycle 1613:1628 adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) 1613:1650 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 10 36 theme adsorption 1613:1622 arg1 PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC 1631:1649 PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC 1631:1649 PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC 1631:1649 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 5 37 theme total 973:977 arg1 number 979:984 total number 973:984 total number of layers 973:994 The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. 24961302 2 38 theme molecules 357:365 arg1 assembly 326:333 the assembly 322:333 the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 322:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 1 39 theme structural 217:226 arg1 polymers 228:235 structural polymers 217:235 structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 217:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 7 40 theme surface 1198:1204 arg1 coverage 1206:1213 surface coverage 1198:1213 surface coverage by NFC 1198:1220 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 3 41 used used 669:672 arg2 poly 618:621 poly 618:621 poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA) 618:662 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 41 used used 669:672 arg2 layer 687:691 a linking layer 677:691 a linking layer 677:691 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 41 used used 669:672 arg2 polyelectrolyte 601:615 a positively charged polyelectrolyte 580:615 a positively charged polyelectrolyte 580:615 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 6 42 theme atomic 1058:1063 arg1 microscopy 1071:1080 atomic force microscopy 1058:1080 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1058:1086 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 6 42 theme atomic 1058:1063 arg1 AFM 1083:1085 AFM 1083:1085 AFM 1083:1085 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 10 43 theme electron 1504:1511 arg1 SEM 1525:1527 SEM 1525:1527 SEM 1525:1527 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 10 43 theme electron 1504:1511 arg1 microscopy 1513:1522 Scanning electron microscopy 1495:1522 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections 1495:1560 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 2 44 theme LbL 284:286 arg1 process 298:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process 268:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 268:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 11 45 theme native 1933:1938 arg1 wall 1945:1948 the native cell wall 1929:1948 the native cell wall 1929:1948 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 2 46 from assembly 326:333 arg1 solutions 380:388 aqueous solutions 372:388 aqueous solutions 372:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 9 47 theme CA 1450:1451 arg1 substrate 1453:1461 the CA substrate 1446:1461 the CA substrate 1446:1461 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. 24961302 2 48 theme Layer-by-layer 268:281 arg1 process 298:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process 268:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 268:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 4 49 theme crystal 807:813 arg1 microbalance 815:826 quartz crystal microbalance 800:826 quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry 800:879 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 3 50 theme linking 679:685 arg1 polyelectrolyte 601:615 a positively charged polyelectrolyte 580:615 a positively charged polyelectrolyte 580:615 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 50 theme linking 679:685 arg1 layer 687:691 a linking layer 677:691 a linking layer 677:691 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 11 51 with film 1749:1752 arg1 architecture 1777:1788 highly controlled architecture 1759:1788 highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall 1759:1948 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 10 52 theme lignin 1696:1701 arg1 types 1703:1707 two different lignin types 1682:1707 two different lignin types used in the study 1682:1725 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 3 53 theme model 719:723 arg1 wall 730:733 this simplified model cell wall 703:733 this simplified model cell wall 703:733 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 2 54 theme assembly 289:296 arg1 process 298:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process 268:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 268:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 9 55 theme Transparent 1367:1377 arg1 films 1421:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. 24961302 10 56 theme different 1686:1694 arg1 types 1703:1707 two different lignin types 1682:1707 two different lignin types used in the study 1682:1725 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 11 57 located observed 1917:1924 arg1 wall 1945:1948 the native cell wall 1929:1948 the native cell wall 1929:1948 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 11 57 located observed 1917:1924 arg2 what 1909:1912 what 1909:1912 what 1909:1912 The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall. 24961302 9 58 theme LBL 1393:1395 arg1 films 1421:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. 24961302 2 59 used used 394:397 arg2 process 298:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process 268:304 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 268:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 3 60 theme charged 562:568 arg1 polymers 570:577 these negatively charged polymers 545:577 these negatively charged polymers 545:577 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 9 61 theme nanocomposite 1407:1419 arg1 films 1421:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films 1367:1425 Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. 24961302 4 62 theme adsorption 748:757 arg1 process 759:765 The layered adsorption process 736:765 The layered adsorption process 736:765 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 6 63 theme surface 1001:1007 arg1 coverage 1009:1016 The surface coverage 997:1016 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers 997:1039 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 1 64 theme layered 177:183 arg1 wall 200:203 a layered secondary cell wall 175:203 a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 175:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 2 65 theme oxidized 478:485 arg1 NFC 509:511 NFC 509:511 NFC 509:511 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 2 65 theme oxidized 478:485 arg1 cellulose 498:506 oxidized nanofibril cellulose 478:506 oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 478:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 1 66 theme plant 145:149 arg1 walls 156:160 plant cell walls 145:160 plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 145:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 2 67 theme lignin 467:472 arg1 polymers 455:462 isolated wood polymers 441:462 isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 441:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 0 68 theme polycation 100:109 arg1 films 52:56 free-standing films 38:56 free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation 38:109 Towards biomimicking wood: fabricated free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation. 24961302 1 69 theme secondary 185:193 arg1 wall 200:203 a layered secondary cell wall 175:203 a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 175:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 2 70 theme cellulose 498:506 arg1 polymers 455:462 isolated wood polymers 441:462 isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 441:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 10 71 theme cross-sections 1547:1560 arg1 SEM 1525:1527 SEM 1525:1527 SEM 1525:1527 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 10 71 theme cross-sections 1547:1560 arg1 microscopy 1513:1522 Scanning electron microscopy 1495:1522 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections 1495:1560 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 10 72 theme lamellar 1571:1578 arg1 structure 1580:1588 a lamellar structure 1569:1588 a lamellar structure 1569:1588 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. 24961302 7 73 theme layers 1251:1256 arg1 number 1241:1246 the number 1237:1246 the number of layers 1237:1256 Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. 24961302 5 74 theme adsorbed 931:938 arg1 layer 940:944 adsorbed layer 931:944 adsorbed layer 931:944 The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. 24961302 6 75 theme adsorbed 1025:1032 arg1 layers 1034:1039 the adsorbed layers 1021:1039 the adsorbed layers 1021:1039 The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24961302 2 76 theme freestanding 410:421 arg1 film 433:436 a freestanding composite film 408:436 a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 408:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 3 77 theme diallyldimethylammomium 623:645 arg1 poly 618:621 poly 618:621 poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA) 618:662 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 3 77 theme diallyldimethylammomium 623:645 arg1 chloride 647:654 diallyldimethylammomium chloride 623:654 diallyldimethylammomium chloride 623:654 To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. 24961302 0 78 theme free-standing 38:50 arg1 films 52:56 free-standing films 38:56 free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation 38:109 Towards biomimicking wood: fabricated free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation. 24961302 1 79 theme cell 195:198 arg1 wall 200:203 a layered secondary cell wall 175:203 a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin 175:265 Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. 24961302 5 80 theme layers 989:994 arg1 number 979:984 total number 973:984 total number of layers 973:994 The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. 24961302 2 81 theme polymers 455:462 arg1 film 433:436 a freestanding composite film 408:436 a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 408:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 0 82 theme synthetic 90:98 arg1 polycation 100:109 a synthetic polycation 88:109 a synthetic polycation 88:109 Towards biomimicking wood: fabricated free-standing films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a synthetic polycation. 24961302 2 83 theme isolated 441:448 arg1 polymers 455:462 isolated wood polymers 441:462 isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC) 441:512 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 2 84 from solutions 380:388 arg1 assembly 326:333 the assembly 322:333 the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 322:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 2 84 from solutions 380:388 arg1 molecules 357:365 oppositely charged molecules 338:365 oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 338:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 24961302 4 85 theme layered 740:746 arg1 process 759:765 The layered adsorption process 736:765 The layered adsorption process 736:765 The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. 24961302 5 86 theme number 979:984 arg1 function 961:968 a function 959:968 a function of total number of layers 959:994 The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. 24961302 8 87 theme acetate 1343:1349 arg1 substrate 1356:1364 a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate 1331:1364 a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate 1331:1364 The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. 24961302 2 88 theme charged 349:355 arg1 molecules 357:365 oppositely charged molecules 338:365 oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions 338:388 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). 25843879 5 0 theme thrombin 894:901 arg1 TT 909:910 TT 909:910 TT 909:910 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 5 0 theme thrombin 894:901 arg1 time 903:906 thrombin time 894:906 thrombin time (TT) 894:911 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 0 1 from characteristics 9:23 arg1 skull 89:93 sturgeon skull 80:93 sturgeon skull 80:93 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 1 from characteristics 9:23 arg1 backbone 108:115 sturgeon backbone 99:115 sturgeon backbone 99:115 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 1 2 theme sturgeon 165:172 arg1 skull 174:178 sturgeon skull 165:178 sturgeon skull 165:178 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 1 3 theme thrombolysis 259:270 arg1 activities 272:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 3 4 theme nonsulfated 679:689 arg1 disaccharide 691:702 nonsulfated disaccharide 679:702 nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%) 679:710 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 3 4 theme nonsulfated 679:689 arg1 % 709:709 74.2% 705:709 74.2% 705:709 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 2 5 theme average 303:309 arg1 weights 321:327 The average molecular weights 299:327 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone 299:366 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 2 5 theme average 303:309 arg1 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 1 6 theme Chondroitin 118:128 arg1 CSs 140:142 CSs 140:142 CSs 140:142 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 1 6 theme Chondroitin 118:128 arg1 sulfates 130:137 Chondroitin sulfates 118:137 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) 118:143 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 0 7 theme sturgeon 99:106 arg1 backbone 108:115 sturgeon backbone 99:115 sturgeon backbone 99:115 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 6 8 with food 1083:1086 arg1 function 1108:1115 antithrombotic function 1093:1115 antithrombotic function 1093:1115 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 5 9 theme dissolved 961:969 arg1 clots 987:991 dissolved platelet plasma clots 961:991 dissolved platelet plasma clots 961:991 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 4 10 theme stronger 741:748 arg1 effect 765:770 stronger antithrombotic effect 741:770 stronger antithrombotic effect 741:770 Sturgeon backbone CS showed stronger antithrombotic effect than sturgeon skull CS. 25843879 5 11 theme activated 845:853 arg1 time 878:881 activated partial thromboplastin time 845:881 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 845:888 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 5 11 theme activated 845:853 arg1 APTT 884:887 APTT 884:887 APTT 884:887 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 2 12 from skull 349:353 arg1 weights 321:327 The average molecular weights 299:327 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone 299:366 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 2 12 from skull 349:353 arg1 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 5 13 theme platelet 971:978 arg1 clots 987:991 dissolved platelet plasma clots 961:991 dissolved platelet plasma clots 961:991 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 3 14 theme backbone 458:465 arg1 CS 467:468 the sturgeon backbone CS 445:468 the sturgeon backbone CS 445:468 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 5 15 theme plasma 980:985 arg1 clots 987:991 dissolved platelet plasma clots 961:991 dissolved platelet plasma clots 961:991 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 6 16 theme functional 1072:1081 arg1 CS 1048:1049 sturgeon backbone CS 1030:1049 sturgeon backbone CS 1030:1049 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 6 16 theme functional 1072:1081 arg1 food 1083:1086 a functional food 1070:1086 a functional food with antithrombotic function 1070:1115 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 5 17 theme Sturgeon 796:803 arg1 CS 814:815 Sturgeon backbone CS 796:815 Sturgeon backbone CS 796:815 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 0 18 from effect 44:49 arg1 skull 89:93 sturgeon skull 80:93 sturgeon skull 80:93 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 18 from effect 44:49 arg1 backbone 108:115 sturgeon backbone 99:115 sturgeon backbone 99:115 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 2 19 from backbone 359:366 arg1 weights 321:327 The average molecular weights 299:327 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone 299:366 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 2 19 from backbone 359:366 arg1 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 2 20 theme CS 332:333 arg1 weights 321:327 The average molecular weights 299:327 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone 299:366 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 2 20 theme CS 332:333 arg1 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 0 21 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 characteristics 9:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 3 22 theme disaccharide 565:576 arg1 position 525:532 position four 525:537 position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) 525:627 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 6 23 theme backbone 1039:1046 arg1 CS 1048:1049 sturgeon backbone CS 1030:1049 sturgeon backbone CS 1030:1049 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 6 23 theme backbone 1039:1046 arg1 food 1083:1086 a functional food 1070:1086 a functional food with antithrombotic function 1070:1115 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 4 24 theme Sturgeon 713:720 arg1 CS 731:732 Sturgeon backbone CS 713:732 Sturgeon backbone CS 713:732 Sturgeon backbone CS showed stronger antithrombotic effect than sturgeon skull CS. 25843879 4 25 theme antithrombotic 750:763 arg1 effect 765:770 stronger antithrombotic effect 741:770 stronger antithrombotic effect 741:770 Sturgeon backbone CS showed stronger antithrombotic effect than sturgeon skull CS. 25843879 3 26 theme skull 644:648 arg1 CS 650:651 sturgeon skull CS 635:651 sturgeon skull CS 635:651 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 0 27 theme antithrombotic 29:42 arg1 effect 44:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 5 28 theme backbone 805:812 arg1 CS 814:815 Sturgeon backbone CS 796:815 Sturgeon backbone CS 796:815 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 5 29 theme platelet 936:943 arg1 aggregation 945:955 ADP-induced platelet aggregation 924:955 ADP-induced platelet aggregation 924:955 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 5 30 theme ADP-induced 924:934 arg1 aggregation 945:955 ADP-induced platelet aggregation 924:955 ADP-induced platelet aggregation 924:955 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 3 31 theme sturgeon 635:642 arg1 CS 650:651 sturgeon skull CS 635:651 sturgeon skull CS 635:651 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 2 32 theme molecular 311:319 arg1 weights 321:327 The average molecular weights 299:327 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone 299:366 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 2 32 theme molecular 311:319 arg1 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 38.5kDa 373:379 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 0 33 from skull 89:93 arg1 characteristics 9:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 33 from skull 89:93 arg1 effect 44:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 33 from skull 89:93 arg1 sulfates 66:73 chondroitin sulfates 54:73 chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone 54:115 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 3 34 theme sturgeon 449:456 arg1 CS 467:468 the sturgeon backbone CS 445:468 the sturgeon backbone CS 445:468 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 1 35 theme chemical 204:211 arg1 composition 213:223 their chemical composition 198:223 their chemical composition 198:223 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 5 36 theme thromboplastin 863:876 arg1 time 878:881 activated partial thromboplastin time 845:881 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 845:888 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 5 36 theme thromboplastin 863:876 arg1 APTT 884:887 APTT 884:887 APTT 884:887 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 1 37 theme composition 213:223 arg1 activities 272:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 0 38 theme sulfates 66:73 arg1 characteristics 9:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 38 theme sulfates 66:73 arg1 effect 44:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 6 39 theme sturgeon 1030:1037 arg1 CS 1048:1049 sturgeon backbone CS 1030:1049 sturgeon backbone CS 1030:1049 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 6 39 theme sturgeon 1030:1037 arg1 food 1083:1086 a functional food 1070:1086 a functional food with antithrombotic function 1070:1115 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 0 40 theme chondroitin 54:64 arg1 sulfates 66:73 chondroitin sulfates 54:73 chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone 54:115 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 4 41 theme backbone 722:729 arg1 CS 731:732 Sturgeon backbone CS 713:732 Sturgeon backbone CS 713:732 Sturgeon backbone CS showed stronger antithrombotic effect than sturgeon skull CS. 25843879 4 42 theme skull 786:790 arg1 CS 792:793 sturgeon skull CS 777:793 sturgeon skull CS 777:793 Sturgeon backbone CS showed stronger antithrombotic effect than sturgeon skull CS. 25843879 2 43 theme sturgeon 340:347 arg1 skull 349:353 sturgeon skull 340:353 sturgeon skull 340:353 The average molecular weights of CS from sturgeon skull and backbone were 38.5kDa and 49.2kDa, respectively. 25843879 0 44 from backbone 108:115 arg1 characteristics 9:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 44 from backbone 108:115 arg1 effect 44:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 antithrombotic effect 29:49 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 0 44 from backbone 108:115 arg1 sulfates 66:73 chondroitin sulfates 54:73 chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone 54:115 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 4 45 theme sturgeon 777:784 arg1 CS 792:793 sturgeon skull CS 777:793 sturgeon skull CS 777:793 Sturgeon backbone CS showed stronger antithrombotic effect than sturgeon skull CS. 25843879 1 46 theme anticoagulant 226:238 arg1 activities 272:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25843879 0 47 theme sturgeon 80:87 arg1 skull 89:93 sturgeon skull 80:93 sturgeon skull 80:93 Chemical characteristics and antithrombotic effect of chondroitin sulfates from sturgeon skull and sturgeon backbone. 25843879 5 48 theme partial 855:861 arg1 time 878:881 activated partial thromboplastin time 845:881 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 845:888 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 5 48 theme partial 855:861 arg1 APTT 884:887 APTT 884:887 APTT 884:887 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 3 49 theme GalNAc 614:619 arg1 position 594:601 position six 594:605 position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) 594:627 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 6 50 theme antithrombotic 1093:1106 arg1 function 1108:1115 antithrombotic function 1093:1115 antithrombotic function 1093:1115 The results suggested that sturgeon backbone CS can be explored as a functional food with antithrombotic function. 25843879 3 51 theme Disaccharide 408:419 arg1 analysis 421:428 Disaccharide analysis 408:428 Disaccharide analysis 408:428 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 5 52 dep prolong 837:843 arg1 inhibited 914:922 inhibited 914:922 inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro 914:1000 Sturgeon backbone CS could significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dissolved platelet plasma clots in vitro. 25843879 3 53 theme GalNAc 546:551 arg1 position 525:532 position four 525:537 position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) 525:627 Disaccharide analysis indicated that the sturgeon backbone CS was primarily composed of disaccharide monosulfated in position four of the GalNAc (37.8%) and disaccharide monosulfated in position six of the GalNAc (59.6%) while sturgeon skull CS was primarily composed of nonsulfated disaccharide (74.2%). 25843879 1 54 theme anti-platelet 241:253 arg1 activities 272:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities 198:281 Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) were extracted from sturgeon skull and backbone, and their chemical composition, anticoagulant, anti-platelet and thrombolysis activities were evaluated. 25849300 2 0 theme plant 513:517 arg1 growth 519:524 plant growth 513:524 plant growth 513:524 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 0 1 from modification 10:21 arg1 tobacco 26:32 tobacco 26:32 tobacco 26:32 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 7 2 dep CONCLUSIONS 1167:1177 arg1 outlines 1311:1318 outlines 1311:1318 outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing 1311:1406 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 7 2 dep CONCLUSIONS 1167:1177 arg1 give 1193:1196 give 1193:1196 give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development 1193:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 4 3 from level 875:879 arg1 MPS 912:914 MPS 912:914 MPS 912:914 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 4 3 from level 875:879 arg1 polysaccharides 895:909 the matrix polysaccharides 884:909 the matrix polysaccharides (MPS) 884:915 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 7 4 theme cellulase 1256:1264 arg1 expression 1266:1275 heterologous cellulase expression 1243:1275 heterologous cellulase expression 1243:1275 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 0 5 theme endoglucanase 75:87 arg1 targeting 50:58 differential targeting 37:58 differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei 37:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 2 6 from limitation 364:373 arg1 production 388:397 planta production 381:397 planta production 381:397 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 1 7 theme production 167:176 arg1 platform 178:185 a production platform 165:185 a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes 165:215 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 4 8 theme distinct 818:825 arg1 level 875:879 glucose level 867:879 glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS) 867:915 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 4 8 theme distinct 818:825 arg1 changes 827:833 distinct changes 818:833 distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS) 818:915 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 4 9 theme glucose 867:873 arg1 level 875:879 glucose level 867:879 glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS) 867:915 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 7 10 theme complex 1220:1226 arg1 interaction 1228:1238 the complex interaction 1216:1238 the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development 1216:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 3 11 theme planta 576:581 arg1 expression 583:592 the in planta expression 569:592 the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting 569:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 1 12 theme enzymes 280:286 arg1 lignocellulose 299:312 enzymes processing lignocellulose 280:312 enzymes processing lignocellulose 280:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 0 13 theme Trichoderma 94:104 arg1 reesei 106:111 Trichoderma reesei 94:111 Trichoderma reesei 94:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 0 14 from targeting 50:58 arg1 reesei 106:111 Trichoderma reesei 94:111 Trichoderma reesei 94:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 6 15 from changes 1128:1134 arg1 composition 1143:1153 the composition 1139:1153 the composition of the MPS 1139:1164 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 2 16 theme major 358:362 arg1 limitation 364:373 a major limitation 356:373 a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development 356:540 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 2 17 theme Previous 315:322 arg1 research 324:331 Previous research 315:331 Previous research 315:331 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 6 18 theme TrCel5A 1000:1006 arg1 Retention 987:995 Retention 987:995 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 987:1040 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 1 19 theme processing 288:297 arg1 lignocellulose 299:312 enzymes processing lignocellulose 280:312 enzymes processing lignocellulose 280:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 7 20 theme new 1198:1200 arg1 insights 1202:1209 new insights 1198:1209 new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development 1198:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 6 21 theme chosen 1096:1101 arg1 conditions 1103:1112 the chosen conditions 1092:1112 the chosen conditions 1092:1112 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 2 22 from influence 500:508 arg1 growth 519:524 plant growth 513:524 plant growth 513:524 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 2 22 from influence 500:508 arg1 development 530:540 development 530:540 development 530:540 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 4 23 theme cell 838:841 arg1 polysaccharides 843:857 cell polysaccharides 838:857 cell polysaccharides 838:857 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 6 24 from effects 1062:1068 arg1 growth 1079:1084 plant growth 1073:1084 plant growth 1073:1084 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 2 25 theme wall 471:474 arg1 integrity 443:451 integrity 443:451 integrity 443:451 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 2 25 theme wall 471:474 arg1 structure 429:437 structure 429:437 structure 429:437 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 7 26 theme cell 1365:1368 arg1 walls 1370:1374 plant cell walls 1359:1374 plant cell walls 1359:1374 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 0 27 theme wall 5:8 arg1 modification 10:21 Cell wall modification 0:21 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 0:112 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 3 28 from impact 724:729 arg1 composition 756:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 4 29 theme matrix 888:893 arg1 MPS 912:914 MPS 912:914 MPS 912:914 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 4 29 theme matrix 888:893 arg1 polysaccharides 895:909 the matrix polysaccharides 884:909 the matrix polysaccharides (MPS) 884:915 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 5 30 from changes 957:963 arg1 development 974:984 plant development 968:984 plant development 968:984 These effects are combined with severe changes in plant development. 25849300 3 31 from reesei 658:663 arg1 expression 583:592 the in planta expression 569:592 the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting 569:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 31 from reesei 658:663 arg1 TrCel5A 611:617 endoglucanase TrCel5A 597:617 endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting 597:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 1 32 theme biomass-degrading 191:207 arg1 enzymes 209:215 biomass-degrading enzymes 191:215 biomass-degrading enzymes 191:215 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 0 33 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 modification 10:21 Cell wall modification 0:21 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 0:112 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 1 34 theme lignocellulose 299:312 arg1 allocation 266:275 an economically feasible allocation 241:275 an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose 241:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 5 35 theme plant 968:972 arg1 development 974:984 plant development 968:984 plant development 968:984 These effects are combined with severe changes in plant development. 25849300 7 36 theme biomass 1389:1395 arg1 processing 1397:1406 improved biomass processing 1380:1406 improved biomass processing 1380:1406 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 2 37 theme cell 466:469 arg1 wall 471:474 the plant cell wall 456:474 the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development 456:540 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 3 38 theme mesophilic 628:637 arg1 reesei 658:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 39 theme in 573:574 arg1 expression 583:592 the in planta expression 569:592 the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting 569:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 6 40 theme plant 1073:1077 arg1 growth 1079:1084 plant growth 1073:1084 plant growth 1073:1084 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 2 41 theme plant 460:464 arg1 wall 471:474 the plant cell wall 456:474 the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development 456:540 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 6 42 from Retention 987:995 arg1 reticulum 1027:1035 the endoplasmic reticulum 1011:1035 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1011:1040 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 6 42 from Retention 987:995 arg1 ER 1038:1039 ER 1038:1039 ER 1038:1039 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 3 43 theme intracellular 683:695 arg1 targeting 697:705 differential intracellular targeting 670:705 differential intracellular targeting 670:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 2 44 theme planta 381:386 arg1 production 388:397 planta production 381:397 planta production 381:397 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 6 45 theme MPS 1162:1164 arg1 composition 1143:1153 the composition 1139:1153 the composition of the MPS 1139:1164 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 7 46 with interaction 1228:1238 arg1 development 1292:1302 cell wall development 1282:1302 cell wall development 1282:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 1 47 theme promising 222:230 arg1 development 129:139 The development 125:139 The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes 125:215 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 1 47 theme promising 222:230 arg1 tool 232:235 a promising tool 220:235 a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose 220:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 2 48 theme negative 491:498 arg1 influence 500:508 a negative influence 489:508 a negative influence on plant growth and development 489:540 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 7 49 theme plant 1359:1363 arg1 walls 1370:1374 plant cell walls 1359:1374 plant cell walls 1359:1374 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 6 50 theme visible 1054:1060 arg1 effects 1062:1068 visible effects 1054:1068 visible effects on plant growth 1054:1084 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 3 51 theme differential 670:681 arg1 targeting 697:705 differential intracellular targeting 670:705 differential intracellular targeting 670:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 52 theme endoglucanase 597:609 arg1 TrCel5A 611:617 endoglucanase TrCel5A 597:617 endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting 597:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 53 theme wall 751:754 arg1 composition 756:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 0 54 theme differential 37:48 arg1 targeting 50:58 differential targeting 37:58 differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei 37:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 7 55 theme expression 1266:1275 arg1 interaction 1228:1238 the complex interaction 1216:1238 the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development 1216:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 3 56 theme TrCel5A 611:617 arg1 expression 583:592 the in planta expression 569:592 the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting 569:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 57 with TrCel5A 611:617 arg1 targeting 697:705 differential intracellular targeting 670:705 differential intracellular targeting 670:705 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 7 58 theme cell 1282:1285 arg1 development 1292:1302 cell wall development 1282:1302 cell wall development 1282:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 7 59 theme improved 1380:1387 arg1 processing 1397:1406 improved biomass processing 1380:1406 improved biomass processing 1380:1406 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 3 60 theme Trichoderma 646:656 arg1 reesei 658:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 5 61 theme severe 950:955 arg1 changes 957:963 severe changes 950:963 severe changes in plant development 950:984 These effects are combined with severe changes in plant development. 25849300 4 62 from changes 827:833 arg1 polysaccharides 843:857 cell polysaccharides 838:857 cell polysaccharides 838:857 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 0 63 from reesei 106:111 arg1 endoglucanase 75:87 recombinant endoglucanase 63:87 recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei 63:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 0 63 from reesei 106:111 arg1 targeting 50:58 differential targeting 37:58 differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei 37:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 2 64 with interference 407:418 arg1 integrity 443:451 integrity 443:451 integrity 443:451 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 2 64 with interference 407:418 arg1 structure 429:437 structure 429:437 structure 429:437 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 4 65 theme enzyme 786:791 arg1 Targeting 769:777 Targeting 769:777 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast 769:807 Targeting of the enzyme to the apoplast leads to distinct changes in cell polysaccharides such as glucose level in the matrix polysaccharides (MPS). 25849300 1 66 theme transgenic 144:153 arg1 plants 155:160 transgenic plants 144:160 transgenic plants 144:160 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 3 67 from expression 583:592 arg1 reesei 658:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 7 68 theme wall 1287:1290 arg1 development 1292:1302 cell wall development 1282:1302 cell wall development 1282:1302 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 0 69 theme recombinant 63:73 arg1 endoglucanase 75:87 recombinant endoglucanase 63:87 recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei 63:111 Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. 25849300 7 70 theme novel 1320:1324 arg1 strategies 1336:1345 novel promising strategies 1320:1345 novel promising strategies 1320:1345 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 2 71 dep structure 429:437 arg1 the 425:427 the 425:427 the 425:427 Previous research has already identified a major limitation of in planta production such as interference with the structure and integrity of the plant cell wall resulting in a negative influence on plant growth and development. 25849300 7 72 theme promising 1326:1334 arg1 strategies 1336:1345 novel promising strategies 1320:1345 novel promising strategies 1320:1345 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 1 73 theme plants 155:160 arg1 development 129:139 The development 125:139 The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes 125:215 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 1 73 theme plants 155:160 arg1 tool 232:235 a promising tool 220:235 a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose 220:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 7 74 theme heterologous 1243:1254 arg1 expression 1266:1275 heterologous cellulase expression 1243:1275 heterologous cellulase expression 1243:1275 CONCLUSIONS These results give new insights into the complex interaction of heterologous cellulase expression with cell wall development and it outlines novel promising strategies to engineer plant cell walls for improved biomass processing. 25849300 6 75 theme endoplasmic 1015:1025 arg1 reticulum 1027:1035 the endoplasmic reticulum 1011:1035 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1011:1040 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 6 75 theme endoplasmic 1015:1025 arg1 ER 1038:1039 ER 1038:1039 ER 1038:1039 Retention of TrCel5A in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could avoid visible effects on plant growth under the chosen conditions, but exhibits changes in the composition of the MPS. 25849300 3 76 theme tobacco 738:744 arg1 composition 756:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 77 theme fungus 639:644 arg1 reesei 658:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei 624:663 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 3 78 theme cell 746:749 arg1 composition 756:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 the tobacco cell wall composition 734:766 RESULTS Here, we describe the in planta expression of endoglucanase TrCel5A from the mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei with differential intracellular targeting and evaluate its impact on the tobacco cell wall composition. 25849300 1 79 dep BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 development 129:139 The development 125:139 The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes 125:215 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 1 79 dep BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 tool 232:235 a promising tool 220:235 a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose 220:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 25849300 1 80 theme feasible 257:264 arg1 allocation 266:275 an economically feasible allocation 241:275 an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose 241:312 BACKGROUND The development of transgenic plants as a production platform for biomass-degrading enzymes is a promising tool for an economically feasible allocation of enzymes processing lignocellulose. 27035911 6 0 theme different 1024:1032 arg1 products 1038:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 3 1 theme commercial 503:512 arg1 products 518:525 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 491:525 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 491:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 6 2 theme structural 1103:1112 arg1 characterization 1114:1129 detailed structural characterization 1094:1129 detailed structural characterization 1094:1129 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 1 3 theme Many 96:99 arg1 enzymes 117:123 Many β-galactosidase enzymes 96:123 Many β-galactosidase enzymes 96:123 Many β-galactosidase enzymes convert lactose into a mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) when incubated under the right conditions. 27035911 2 4 theme Bacillus 297:304 arg1 β-galactosidase 316:330 Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 297:330 Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 297:330 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 9 5 dep DP4 1533:1535 arg1 up 1527:1528 up 1527:1528 up 1527:1528 The newly characterized products enhance the quality of the database with GOS structures up to DP4. 27035911 4 6 from units 653:657 arg1 relation 662:669 relation 662:669 relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder 662:703 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 4 7 theme HPAEC-PAD 624:632 arg1 profiling 634:642 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling 613:642 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder) 613:704 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 10 8 theme microbial 1624:1632 arg1 enzymes 1650:1656 microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1624:1656 microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1624:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 1 9 theme right 215:219 arg1 conditions 221:230 the right conditions 211:230 the right conditions 211:230 Many β-galactosidase enzymes convert lactose into a mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) when incubated under the right conditions. 27035911 9 10 theme database 1498:1505 arg1 quality 1483:1489 the quality 1479:1489 the quality of the database with GOS structures up to DP4 1479:1535 The newly characterized products enhance the quality of the database with GOS structures up to DP4. 27035911 8 11 theme HPAEC-PAD 1370:1378 arg1 values 1404:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 5 12 dep NMR 986:988 arg1 1 982:982 1 982:982 1 982:982 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 8 13 theme glucose 1386:1392 arg1 values 1404:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 5 14 theme DP-pure 865:871 arg1 subpools 873:880 DP-pure subpools 865:880 DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis 865:997 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 8 15 theme G.U. 1399:1402 arg1 values 1404:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 4 16 theme 1D 711:712 arg1 spectroscopy 723:734 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 711:734 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 711:734 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 4 17 theme H 717:717 arg1 spectroscopy 723:734 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 711:734 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 711:734 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 5 18 theme H 984:984 arg1 NMR 986:988 (1)H NMR 981:988 (1)H NMR 981:988 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 2 19 theme Vivinal 273:279 arg1 GOS 281:283 commercial Vivinal GOS 262:283 commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 262:330 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 7 20 from differences 1149:1159 arg1 terms 1197:1201 terms 1197:1201 terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages 1197:1252 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 0 21 theme GOS 81:83 arg1 products 86:93 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products 43:93 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products 43:93 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 27035911 9 22 theme characterized 1448:1460 arg1 products 1462:1469 The newly characterized products 1438:1469 The newly characterized products 1438:1469 The newly characterized products enhance the quality of the database with GOS structures up to DP4. 27035911 8 23 theme analytical 1418:1427 arg1 toolbox 1429:1435 the analytical toolbox 1414:1435 the analytical toolbox 1414:1435 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 0 24 theme products 86:93 arg1 characterization 23:38 Comparative structural characterization 0:38 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 0:94 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 27035911 5 25 from subpools 873:880 arg1 P-2 893:895 Bio-Gel P-2 885:895 Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis) 885:919 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 5 25 from subpools 873:880 arg1 analysis 911:918 MALDI-TOF-MS analysis 898:918 MALDI-TOF-MS analysis 898:918 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 6 26 theme Unidentified 1000:1011 arg1 peaks 1013:1017 Unidentified peaks 1000:1017 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, 1000:1074 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 10 27 theme firm 1566:1569 arg1 basis 1571:1575 a firm basis 1564:1575 a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1564:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 0 28 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 characterization 23:38 Comparative structural characterization 0:38 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 0:94 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 27035911 1 29 theme β-galactosidase 101:115 arg1 enzymes 117:123 Many β-galactosidase enzymes 96:123 Many β-galactosidase enzymes 96:123 Many β-galactosidase enzymes convert lactose into a mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) when incubated under the right conditions. 27035911 7 30 theme glycosidic 1234:1243 arg1 linkages 1245:1252 glycosidic linkages 1234:1252 glycosidic linkages 1234:1252 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 8 31 theme GOS 1290:1292 arg1 structures 1294:1303 13 new GOS structures 1283:1303 13 new GOS structures 1283:1303 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 5 32 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 898:909 arg1 P-2 893:895 Bio-Gel P-2 885:895 Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis) 885:919 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 5 32 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 898:909 arg1 analysis 911:918 MALDI-TOF-MS analysis 898:918 MALDI-TOF-MS analysis 898:918 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 7 33 theme type 1226:1229 arg1 terms 1197:1201 terms 1197:1201 terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages 1197:1252 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 10 34 theme rapid 1585:1589 arg1 profiling 1591:1599 the rapid profiling 1581:1599 the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1581:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 3 35 theme developed 439:447 arg1 strategy 460:467 the developed analytical strategy 435:467 the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 435:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 3 35 theme developed 439:447 arg1 spin-off 403:410 a spin-off 401:410 a spin-off of this study 401:424 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 4 36 dep profiling 634:642 arg1 units 653:657 glucose units 645:657 glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder 645:703 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 7 37 theme distribution 1209:1220 arg1 terms 1197:1201 terms 1197:1201 terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages 1197:1252 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 0 38 theme galacto-oligosaccharide 56:78 arg1 products 86:93 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products 43:93 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products 43:93 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 27035911 6 39 theme present 1052:1058 arg1 products 1038:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 8 40 theme structural-reporter-group 1332:1356 arg1 signals 1358:1364 structural-reporter-group signals 1332:1364 structural-reporter-group signals 1332:1364 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 6 41 from present 1052:1058 arg1 GOS 1071:1073 Vivinal GOS 1063:1073 Vivinal GOS 1063:1073 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 10 42 theme GOS 1608:1610 arg1 products 1612:1619 the GOS products 1604:1619 the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1604:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 10 43 theme β-galactosidase 1634:1648 arg1 enzymes 1650:1656 microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1624:1656 microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1624:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 1 44 theme galacto-oligosaccharides 159:182 arg1 mixture 148:154 a mixture 146:154 a mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 146:188 Many β-galactosidase enzymes convert lactose into a mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) when incubated under the right conditions. 27035911 6 45 theme GOS 1034:1036 arg1 products 1038:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 2 46 theme Leeuwen 383:389 arg1 et al 391:395 van Leeuwen et al 379:395 van Leeuwen et al 379:395 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 5 47 theme detailed 748:755 arg1 analysis 757:764 a more detailed analysis 741:764 a more detailed analysis 741:764 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 5 48 theme calibrated 946:955 arg1 profiling 967:975 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling 946:975 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling 946:975 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 7 49 theme GOS 1181:1183 arg1 products 1185:1192 the various GOS products 1169:1192 the various GOS products 1169:1192 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 3 50 theme anonymous 493:501 arg1 products 518:525 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 491:525 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 491:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 4 51 theme GOS 566:568 arg1 products 570:577 These GOS products 560:577 These GOS products 560:577 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 2 52 theme circulans 306:314 arg1 β-galactosidase 316:330 Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 297:330 Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 297:330 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 6 53 theme detailed 1094:1101 arg1 characterization 1114:1129 detailed structural characterization 1094:1129 detailed structural characterization 1094:1129 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 5 54 theme initial 810:816 arg1 analysis 818:825 the initial analysis 806:825 the initial analysis 806:825 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 4 55 theme glucose 645:651 arg1 units 653:657 glucose units 645:657 glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder 645:703 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 5 56 dep profiling 967:975 arg1 analysis 990:997 analysis 990:997 analysis 990:997 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 9 57 with database 1498:1505 arg1 structures 1516:1525 GOS structures 1512:1525 GOS structures 1512:1525 The newly characterized products enhance the quality of the database with GOS structures up to DP4. 27035911 3 58 theme Vivinal 547:553 arg1 GOS 555:557 Vivinal GOS 547:557 Vivinal GOS 547:557 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 5 59 theme conclusions 785:795 arg1 support 770:776 support 770:776 support 770:776 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 5 59 theme conclusions 785:795 arg1 analysis 757:764 a more detailed analysis 741:764 a more detailed analysis 741:764 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 8 60 theme based 1380:1384 arg1 values 1404:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 6 61 theme Vivinal 1063:1069 arg1 GOS 1071:1073 Vivinal GOS 1063:1073 Vivinal GOS 1063:1073 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 4 62 theme calibrated 613:622 arg1 profiling 634:642 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling 613:642 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder) 613:704 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 8 63 theme unit 1394:1397 arg1 values 1404:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values 1370:1409 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 10 64 theme combined 1542:1549 arg1 data 1551:1554 The combined data 1538:1554 The combined data 1538:1554 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 10 65 theme enzymes 1650:1656 arg1 products 1612:1619 the GOS products 1604:1619 the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1604:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 2 66 theme GOS 281:283 arg1 composition 247:257 the composition 243:257 the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 243:330 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 2 67 theme commercial 262:271 arg1 GOS 281:283 commercial Vivinal GOS 262:283 commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 262:330 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 5 68 theme GOS 832:834 arg1 products 836:843 the GOS products 828:843 the GOS products 828:843 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 4 69 theme malto-oligosaccharide 676:696 arg1 ladder 698:703 a malto-oligosaccharide ladder 674:703 a malto-oligosaccharide ladder 674:703 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 4 70 theme NMR 719:721 arg1 spectroscopy 723:734 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 711:734 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 711:734 These GOS products were first subjected to HPLC-SEC, calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling (glucose units in relation to a malto-oligosaccharide ladder), and 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 27035911 7 71 theme linkages 1245:1252 arg1 type 1226:1229 type 1226:1229 type 1226:1229 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 7 71 theme linkages 1245:1252 arg1 distribution 1209:1220 DP distribution 1206:1220 DP distribution 1206:1220 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 3 72 used used 430:433 arg2 we 427:428 we 427:428 we 427:428 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 0 73 theme structural 12:21 arg1 characterization 23:38 Comparative structural characterization 0:38 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 0:94 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 27035911 5 74 theme Bio-Gel 885:891 arg1 P-2 893:895 Bio-Gel P-2 885:895 Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis) 885:919 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 5 74 theme Bio-Gel 885:891 arg1 analysis 911:918 MALDI-TOF-MS analysis 898:918 MALDI-TOF-MS analysis 898:918 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 6 75 from GOS 1071:1073 arg1 present 1052:1058 present 1052:1058 present 1052:1058 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 9 76 theme GOS 1512:1514 arg1 structures 1516:1525 GOS structures 1512:1525 GOS structures 1512:1525 The newly characterized products enhance the quality of the database with GOS structures up to DP4. 27035911 8 77 theme new 1286:1288 arg1 structures 1294:1303 13 new GOS structures 1283:1303 13 new GOS structures 1283:1303 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 3 78 theme GOS 514:516 arg1 products 518:525 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 491:525 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 491:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 0 79 theme commercial 45:54 arg1 products 86:93 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products 43:93 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products 43:93 Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. 27035911 5 80 theme HPAEC-PAD 957:965 arg1 profiling 967:975 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling 946:975 calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling 946:975 For a more detailed analysis and support of the conclusions based on the initial analysis, the GOS products were separated into DP-pure subpools on Bio-Gel P-2 (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis), which were subjected to calibrated HPAEC-PAD profiling and (1)H NMR analysis. 27035911 7 81 theme DP 1206:1207 arg1 distribution 1209:1220 DP distribution 1206:1220 DP distribution 1206:1220 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 3 82 theme study 420:424 arg1 strategy 460:467 the developed analytical strategy 435:467 the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 435:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 3 82 theme study 420:424 arg1 spin-off 403:410 a spin-off 401:410 a spin-off of this study 401:424 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 8 83 theme structures 1294:1303 arg1 total 1274:1278 A total 1272:1278 A total of 13 new GOS structures 1272:1303 A total of 13 new GOS structures were characterized, adding structural-reporter-group signals and HPAEC-PAD based glucose unit G.U. values to the analytical toolbox. 27035911 3 84 theme analytical 449:458 arg1 strategy 460:467 the developed analytical strategy 435:467 the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 435:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 3 84 theme analytical 449:458 arg1 spin-off 403:410 a spin-off 401:410 a spin-off of this study 401:424 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 3 85 with comparison 531:540 arg1 GOS 555:557 Vivinal GOS 547:557 Vivinal GOS 547:557 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 27035911 2 86 theme van 379:381 arg1 et al 391:395 van Leeuwen et al 379:395 van Leeuwen et al 379:395 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 6 87 attach present 1052:1058 arg2 products 1038:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 different GOS products 1024:1045 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 6 87 attach present 1052:1058 arg1 GOS 1071:1073 Vivinal GOS 1063:1073 Vivinal GOS 1063:1073 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 10 88 theme products 1612:1619 arg1 profiling 1591:1599 the rapid profiling 1581:1599 the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes 1581:1656 The combined data provide a firm basis for the rapid profiling of the GOS products of microbial β-galactosidase enzymes. 27035911 2 89 theme much 347:350 arg1 detail 352:357 much detail 347:357 much detail 347:357 Recently, the composition of commercial Vivinal GOS produced by Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was studied in much detail in another study by van Leeuwen et al. 27035911 7 90 theme various 1173:1179 arg1 products 1185:1192 the various GOS products 1169:1192 the various GOS products 1169:1192 In this way, the differences between the various GOS products in terms of DP distribution and type of glycosidic linkages were established. 27035911 6 91 from products 1038:1045 arg1 peaks 1013:1017 Unidentified peaks 1000:1017 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, 1000:1074 Unidentified peaks from different GOS products, not present in Vivinal GOS, were isolated for detailed structural characterization. 27035911 3 92 theme products 518:525 arg1 evaluation 477:486 the evaluation 473:486 the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products 473:525 As a spin-off of this study, we used the developed analytical strategy for the evaluation of 6 anonymous commercial GOS products, in comparison with Vivinal GOS. 28371768 5 0 theme treatment 975:983 arg1 right 999:1003 right 999:1003 right 999:1003 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 5 0 theme treatment 975:983 arg1 condition 985:993 a treatment condition 973:993 a treatment condition 973:993 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 2 1 theme determining 311:321 arg1 parameters 323:332 determining parameters 311:332 determining parameters varied 311:339 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 5 2 theme hydrolysis 950:959 arg1 yield 941:945 a high yield 934:945 a high yield of hydrolysis 934:959 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 3 3 theme pretreatment 596:607 arg1 time 609:612 pretreatment time 596:612 pretreatment time 596:612 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 4 4 theme corresponding 765:777 arg1 number 790:795 corresponding cavitation number 765:795 corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048 765:814 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 0 5 theme parametric 91:100 arg1 study 102:106 A parametric study 89:106 A parametric study 89:106 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study. 28371768 2 6 theme HC 250:251 arg1 efficacy 238:245 The efficacy 234:245 The efficacy of HC 234:251 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 5 7 theme short 1047:1051 arg1 time 1061:1064 short running time 1047:1064 short running time 1047:1064 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 4 8 theme higher 837:842 arg1 yield 855:859 higher hydrolysis yield 837:859 higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process 837:888 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 9 theme higher 639:644 arg1 time 634:637 pretreatment time 621:637 pretreatment time higher than 10min 621:655 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 0 10 dep study 102:106 arg1 cavitation 13:22 Hydrodynamic cavitation 0:22 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass 0:86 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study. 28371768 3 11 theme 0.3M 470:473 arg1 NaOH 475:478 0.3M NaOH 470:478 0.3M NaOH 470:478 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 1 12 theme destructive 157:167 arg1 force 169:173 a highly destructive force 148:173 a highly destructive force 148:173 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 1 12 theme destructive 157:167 arg1 cavitation 122:131 Hydrodynamic cavitation 109:131 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) 109:136 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 2 13 theme alkaline 396:403 arg1 concentration 405:417 alkaline concentration 396:417 alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M 396:429 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 14 theme surface 280:286 arg1 RSM 301:303 RSM 301:303 RSM 301:303 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 14 theme surface 280:286 arg1 methodology 288:298 response surface methodology 271:298 response surface methodology (RSM) 271:304 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 15 theme inlet 342:346 arg1 pressure 348:355 inlet pressure 342:355 inlet pressure of 1-3bar 342:365 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 0 16 theme Hydrodynamic 0:11 arg1 cavitation 13:22 Hydrodynamic cavitation 0:22 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass 0:86 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study. 28371768 2 17 theme response 271:278 arg1 RSM 301:303 RSM 301:303 RSM 301:303 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 17 theme response 271:278 arg1 methodology 288:298 response surface methodology 271:298 response surface methodology (RSM) 271:304 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 4 18 contain had 657:659 arg2 little 661:666 little 661:666 little 661:666 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 18 contain had 657:659 arg1 time 634:637 pretreatment time 621:637 pretreatment time higher than 10min 621:655 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 19 theme 0.048 810:814 arg1 number 790:795 corresponding cavitation number 765:795 corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048 765:814 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 20 dep plates 735:740 arg1 holes 753:757 16 and 27 holes 743:757 16 and 27 holes 743:757 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 2 21 theme 40-70°C 383:389 arg1 pressure 348:355 inlet pressure 342:355 inlet pressure of 1-3bar 342:365 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 21 theme 40-70°C 383:389 arg1 temperature 368:378 temperature 368:378 temperature of 40-70°C 368:389 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 21 theme 40-70°C 383:389 arg1 concentration 405:417 alkaline concentration 396:417 alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M 396:429 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 5 22 theme high 936:939 arg1 yield 941:945 a high yield 934:945 a high yield of hydrolysis 934:959 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 1 23 theme Hydrodynamic 109:120 arg1 HC 134:135 HC 134:135 HC 134:135 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 1 23 theme Hydrodynamic 109:120 arg1 force 169:173 a highly destructive force 148:173 a highly destructive force 148:173 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 1 23 theme Hydrodynamic 109:120 arg1 cavitation 122:131 Hydrodynamic cavitation 109:131 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) 109:136 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 0 24 theme pretreatment 40:51 arg1 method 53:58 an efficient pretreatment method 27:58 an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass 27:86 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study. 28371768 5 25 theme mild 1024:1027 arg1 conditions 1029:1038 mild conditions 1024:1038 mild conditions 1024:1038 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 4 26 theme different 717:725 arg1 plates 735:740 different orifice plates 717:740 different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively) 717:829 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 0 27 theme efficient 30:38 arg1 method 53:58 an efficient pretreatment method 27:58 an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass 27:86 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study. 28371768 2 28 theme 0.1-0.3M 422:429 arg1 pressure 348:355 inlet pressure 342:355 inlet pressure of 1-3bar 342:365 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 28 theme 0.1-0.3M 422:429 arg1 temperature 368:378 temperature 368:378 temperature of 40-70°C 368:389 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 28 theme 0.1-0.3M 422:429 arg1 concentration 405:417 alkaline concentration 396:417 alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M 396:429 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 3 29 theme hemicellulose 537:549 arg1 yield 514:518 hydrolysis yield 503:518 hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose 503:549 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 3 30 theme hydrolysis 503:512 arg1 yield 514:518 hydrolysis yield 503:518 hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose 503:549 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 2 31 theme 1-3bar 360:365 arg1 pressure 348:355 inlet pressure 342:355 inlet pressure of 1-3bar 342:365 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 31 theme 1-3bar 360:365 arg1 temperature 368:378 temperature 368:378 temperature of 40-70°C 368:389 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 31 theme 1-3bar 360:365 arg1 concentration 405:417 alkaline concentration 396:417 alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M 396:429 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 4 32 theme hydrolysis 844:853 arg1 yield 855:859 higher hydrolysis yield 837:859 higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process 837:888 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 5 33 theme HC-based 902:909 arg1 approach 911:918 HC-based approach 902:918 HC-based approach 902:918 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 3 34 theme best 439:442 arg1 condition 444:452 the best condition 435:452 the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH) 435:479 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 4 35 theme process 882:888 arg1 20min 873:877 20min 873:877 20min of process 873:888 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 36 theme cavitation 779:788 arg1 number 790:795 corresponding cavitation number 765:795 corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048 765:814 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 37 theme orifice 727:733 arg1 plates 735:740 different orifice plates 717:740 different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively) 717:829 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 38 located observed 861:868 arg1 20min 873:877 20min 873:877 20min of process 873:888 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 38 located observed 861:868 arg2 yield 855:859 higher hydrolysis yield 837:859 higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process 837:888 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 2 39 dep studied 257:263 arg1 pressure 348:355 inlet pressure 342:355 inlet pressure of 1-3bar 342:365 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 39 dep studied 257:263 arg1 temperature 368:378 temperature 368:378 temperature of 40-70°C 368:389 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 2 39 dep studied 257:263 arg1 concentration 405:417 alkaline concentration 396:417 alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M 396:429 The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. 28371768 4 40 theme 0.017 800:804 arg1 number 790:795 corresponding cavitation number 765:795 corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048 765:814 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 4 41 theme SCB 687:689 arg1 changes 703:709 SCB composition changes 687:709 SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively) 687:829 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 3 42 theme cellulose 523:531 arg1 yield 514:518 hydrolysis yield 503:518 hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose 503:549 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 5 43 theme running 1053:1059 arg1 time 1061:1064 short running time 1047:1064 short running time 1047:1064 Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time. 28371768 3 44 dep condition 444:452 arg1 NaOH 475:478 0.3M NaOH 470:478 0.3M NaOH 470:478 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 3 44 dep condition 444:452 arg1 3bar 455:458 3bar 455:458 3bar 455:458 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 3 44 dep condition 444:452 arg1 70°C 461:464 70°C 461:464 70°C 461:464 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 4 45 theme pretreatment 621:632 arg1 time 634:637 pretreatment time 621:637 pretreatment time higher than 10min 621:655 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 1 46 theme sugarcane 209:217 arg1 bagasse 219:225 sugarcane bagasse 209:225 sugarcane bagasse (SCB) 209:231 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 1 46 theme sugarcane 209:217 arg1 SCB 228:230 SCB 228:230 SCB 228:230 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 3 47 theme yield 514:518 arg1 % 487:487 93.05% 482:487 93.05% 482:487 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 3 47 theme yield 514:518 arg1 % 498:498 94.45% 493:498 94.45% 493:498 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 3 47 theme yield 514:518 arg1 yield 514:518 hydrolysis yield 503:518 hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose 503:549 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 4 48 with holes 753:757 arg1 number 790:795 corresponding cavitation number 765:795 corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048 765:814 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 28371768 1 49 theme bagasse 219:225 arg1 pretreatment 193:204 pretreatment 193:204 pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) 193:231 Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). 28371768 0 50 theme lignocellulosic 64:78 arg1 biomass 80:86 lignocellulosic biomass 64:86 lignocellulosic biomass 64:86 Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study. 28371768 3 51 theme time 609:612 arg1 30min 587:591 30min 587:591 30min of pretreatment time 587:612 At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. 28371768 4 52 theme composition 691:701 arg1 changes 703:709 SCB composition changes 687:709 SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively) 687:829 Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. 27987903 0 0 theme amination 97:105 arg1 route 107:111 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 63:111 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 63:111 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 1 1 theme optimal 180:186 arg1 environments 199:210 both optimal biological environments 175:210 both optimal biological environments 175:210 Biomaterials based on peptide-coupled alginates must provide both optimal biological environments and tuneable stability/degradation profiles. 27987903 0 2 theme reductive 87:95 arg1 amination 97:105 the periodate oxidation reductive amination 63:105 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 63:111 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 5 3 theme acid 793:796 arg1 hydrolysis 798:807 acid hydrolysis 793:807 acid hydrolysis 793:807 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 1 4 theme biological 188:197 arg1 environments 199:210 both optimal biological environments 175:210 both optimal biological environments 175:210 Biomaterials based on peptide-coupled alginates must provide both optimal biological environments and tuneable stability/degradation profiles. 27987903 5 5 theme reduced 1025:1031 arg1 dialdehydes 1033:1043 fully reduced dialdehydes 1019:1043 fully reduced dialdehydes 1019:1043 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 5 6 theme substitution 871:882 arg1 degree 861:866 the degree 857:866 the degree of substitution 857:882 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 7 7 theme biodegradability 1246:1261 arg1 profiles 1263:1270 the biodegradability profiles 1242:1270 the biodegradability profiles 1242:1270 These results demonstrate how the various chemistries introduced by the coupling provide useful means to tune the biodegradability profiles. 27987903 2 8 theme alginates 343:351 arg1 kinetics 315:322 kinetics 315:322 kinetics 315:322 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 2 8 theme alginates 343:351 arg1 pattern 303:309 degradation pattern 291:309 degradation pattern 291:309 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 2 9 theme peptide-coupled 327:341 arg1 alginates 343:351 peptide-coupled alginates 327:351 peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 327:414 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 2 10 dep pattern 303:309 arg1 the 287:289 the 287:289 the 287:289 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 3 11 theme physiological 468:480 arg1 conditions 482:491 physiological conditions 468:491 physiological conditions 468:491 Alginates degrade slowly (non-enzymatically) under physiological conditions by acid-catalysed hydrolysis and alkali-catalysed β-elimination, both operating simultaneously but dominated by the latter. 27987903 2 12 theme reductive 390:398 arg1 amination 400:408 the periodate oxidation reductive amination 366:408 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 366:414 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 3 13 theme alkali-catalysed 526:541 arg1 β-elimination 543:555 alkali-catalysed β-elimination 526:555 alkali-catalysed β-elimination 526:555 Alginates degrade slowly (non-enzymatically) under physiological conditions by acid-catalysed hydrolysis and alkali-catalysed β-elimination, both operating simultaneously but dominated by the latter. 27987903 0 14 theme Degradation 0:10 arg1 kinetics 12:19 Degradation kinetics 0:19 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates 0:48 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 4 15 theme β-elimination 679:691 arg1 rate 671:674 the rate 667:674 the rate of β-elimination 667:691 While periodate oxidation alone largely increases the rate of β-elimination, substitution restores the susceptibility towards β-elimination to that of the parent alginate. 27987903 2 16 theme oxidation 380:388 arg1 amination 400:408 the periodate oxidation reductive amination 366:408 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 366:414 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 1 17 theme stability/degradation 225:245 arg1 profiles 247:254 stability/degradation profiles 225:254 stability/degradation profiles 225:254 Biomaterials based on peptide-coupled alginates must provide both optimal biological environments and tuneable stability/degradation profiles. 27987903 0 18 theme peptide-coupled 24:38 arg1 alginates 40:48 peptide-coupled alginates 24:48 peptide-coupled alginates 24:48 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 6 19 from C2 1122:1123 arg1 substitution 1106:1117 substitution 1106:1117 substitution at C2 or C3 1106:1129 Results also suggest a composition-dependent preference for substitution at C2 or C3. 27987903 2 20 theme periodate 370:378 arg1 oxidation 380:388 the periodate oxidation 366:388 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 366:414 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 4 21 theme parent 772:777 arg1 alginate 779:786 the parent alginate 768:786 the parent alginate 768:786 While periodate oxidation alone largely increases the rate of β-elimination, substitution restores the susceptibility towards β-elimination to that of the parent alginate. 27987903 5 22 theme lower 971:975 arg1 order 909:913 approximately one order 891:913 approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes 891:1043 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 5 23 theme magnitude 918:926 arg1 order 909:913 approximately one order 891:913 approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes 891:1043 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 6 24 from C3 1128:1129 arg1 substitution 1106:1117 substitution 1106:1117 substitution at C2 or C3 1106:1129 Results also suggest a composition-dependent preference for substitution at C2 or C3. 27987903 2 25 theme degradation 291:301 arg1 pattern 303:309 degradation pattern 291:309 degradation pattern 291:309 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 0 26 theme alginates 40:48 arg1 kinetics 12:19 Degradation kinetics 0:19 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates 0:48 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 5 27 theme larger 928:933 arg1 order 909:913 approximately one order 891:913 approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes 891:1043 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 7 28 theme various 1166:1172 arg1 chemistries 1174:1184 the various chemistries 1162:1184 the various chemistries introduced by the coupling 1162:1211 These results demonstrate how the various chemistries introduced by the coupling provide useful means to tune the biodegradability profiles. 27987903 5 29 with materials 1004:1012 arg1 dialdehydes 1033:1043 fully reduced dialdehydes 1019:1043 fully reduced dialdehydes 1019:1043 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 7 30 theme useful 1221:1226 arg1 means 1228:1232 useful means 1221:1232 useful means to tune the biodegradability profiles 1221:1270 These results demonstrate how the various chemistries introduced by the coupling provide useful means to tune the biodegradability profiles. 27987903 3 31 theme acid-catalysed 496:509 arg1 hydrolysis 511:520 acid-catalysed hydrolysis 496:520 acid-catalysed hydrolysis 496:520 Alginates degrade slowly (non-enzymatically) under physiological conditions by acid-catalysed hydrolysis and alkali-catalysed β-elimination, both operating simultaneously but dominated by the latter. 27987903 3 32 dep slowly 435:440 arg1 non-enzymatically 443:459 non-enzymatically 443:459 non-enzymatically 443:459 Alginates degrade slowly (non-enzymatically) under physiological conditions by acid-catalysed hydrolysis and alkali-catalysed β-elimination, both operating simultaneously but dominated by the latter. 27987903 2 33 theme present 261:267 arg1 work 269:272 The present work 257:272 The present work 257:272 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 1 34 theme peptide-coupled 136:150 arg1 alginates 152:160 peptide-coupled alginates 136:160 peptide-coupled alginates 136:160 Biomaterials based on peptide-coupled alginates must provide both optimal biological environments and tuneable stability/degradation profiles. 27987903 6 35 theme composition-dependent 1069:1089 arg1 preference 1091:1100 a composition-dependent preference 1067:1100 a composition-dependent preference for substitution at C2 or C3 1067:1129 Results also suggest a composition-dependent preference for substitution at C2 or C3. 27987903 5 36 theme depolymerization 821:836 arg1 rate 813:816 the rate 809:816 the rate of depolymerization 809:836 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 5 36 theme depolymerization 821:836 arg1 proportional 841:852 proportional 841:852 proportional 841:852 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 2 37 theme amination 400:408 arg1 route 410:414 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 366:414 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 366:414 The present work investigates the degradation pattern and kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 0 38 theme oxidation 77:85 arg1 amination 97:105 the periodate oxidation reductive amination 63:105 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 63:111 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 5 39 theme corresponding 990:1002 arg1 materials 1004:1012 the corresponding materials 986:1012 the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes 986:1043 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 27987903 0 40 theme periodate 67:75 arg1 oxidation 77:85 periodate oxidation 67:85 the periodate oxidation reductive amination route 63:111 Degradation kinetics of peptide-coupled alginates prepared via the periodate oxidation reductive amination route. 27987903 4 41 theme periodate 623:631 arg1 oxidation 633:641 periodate oxidation 623:641 periodate oxidation alone 623:647 While periodate oxidation alone largely increases the rate of β-elimination, substitution restores the susceptibility towards β-elimination to that of the parent alginate. 27987903 5 42 theme parent 944:949 arg1 alginate 951:958 the parent alginate 940:958 the parent alginate 940:958 For acid hydrolysis the rate of depolymerization is proportional to the degree of substitution, being approximately one order of magnitude larger than the parent alginate, but still lower than for the corresponding materials with fully reduced dialdehydes. 25842188 3 0 theme enzyme 947:952 arg1 5.2mg/mL 969:976 5.2mg/mL 969:976 5.2mg/mL 969:976 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 0 theme enzyme 947:952 arg1 concentration 954:966 enzyme concentration 947:966 enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) 947:977 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 1 from pH 807:808 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 1 from pH 807:808 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 2 theme chloride 913:920 arg1 concentration 922:934 calcium chloride concentration 905:934 calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) 905:941 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 2 theme chloride 913:920 arg1 % 940:940 5.9% 937:940 5.9% 937:940 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 2 3 theme alginate 531:538 arg1 concentration 540:552 sodium alginate concentration 524:552 sodium alginate concentration 524:552 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 4 theme lactose 749:755 arg1 hydrolysis 757:766 lactose hydrolysis 749:766 lactose hydrolysis 749:766 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 2 5 theme calcium 562:568 arg1 parameters 389:398 three parameters 383:398 three parameters 383:398 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 5 theme calcium 562:568 arg1 concentration 579:591 calcium chloride concentration 562:591 calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) 562:598 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 5 theme calcium 562:568 arg1 % 597:597 3-6% 594:597 3-6% 594:597 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 6 theme chloride 570:577 arg1 parameters 389:398 three parameters 383:398 three parameters 383:398 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 6 theme chloride 570:577 arg1 concentration 579:591 calcium chloride concentration 562:591 calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) 562:598 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 6 theme chloride 570:577 arg1 % 597:597 3-6% 594:597 3-6% 594:597 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 7 theme free 855:858 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 2 8 theme enzyme 462:467 arg1 concentration 469:481 β-galactosidase enzyme concentration 446:481 β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) 446:492 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 8 theme enzyme 462:467 arg1 2-8mg/mL 484:491 2-8mg/mL 484:491 2-8mg/mL 484:491 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 9 theme enzyme 604:609 arg1 2-8mg/mL 626:633 2-8mg/mL 626:633 2-8mg/mL 626:633 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 9 theme enzyme 604:609 arg1 concentration 611:623 enzyme concentration 604:623 enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) 604:634 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 9 theme enzyme 604:609 arg1 parameters 389:398 three parameters 383:398 three parameters 383:398 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 10 theme hydrolysis 361:370 arg1 degree 351:356 the degree 347:356 the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process 347:658 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 11 theme β-galactosidase 446:460 arg1 concentration 469:481 β-galactosidase enzyme concentration 446:481 β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) 446:492 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 11 theme β-galactosidase 446:460 arg1 2-8mg/mL 484:491 2-8mg/mL 484:491 2-8mg/mL 484:491 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 1 12 theme hydrolysis 165:174 arg1 process 146:152 the process 142:152 the process of lactose hydrolysis 142:174 In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized β-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. 25842188 0 13 theme Lactose 0:6 arg1 hydrolysis 8:17 Lactose hydrolysis 0:17 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 0:93 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 25842188 2 14 theme composite 299:307 arg1 CCD 317:319 CCD 317:319 CCD 317:319 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 14 theme composite 299:307 arg1 design 309:314 central composite design 291:314 central composite design (CCD) 291:320 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 0 15 theme β-galactosidase 22:36 arg1 enzyme 38:43 β-galactosidase enzyme 22:43 β-galactosidase enzyme 22:43 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 25842188 1 16 theme present 102:108 arg1 study 110:114 the present study 98:114 the present study 98:114 In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized β-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. 25842188 1 17 theme free 182:185 arg1 β-galactosidase 203:217 free and immobilized β-galactosidase 182:217 free and immobilized β-galactosidase 182:217 In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized β-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. 25842188 2 18 theme free 498:501 arg1 mode 503:506 free mode 498:506 free mode of analysis 498:518 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 19 from temperature 785:795 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 19 from temperature 785:795 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 20 from concentration 954:966 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 20 from concentration 954:966 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 21 theme enzyme 820:825 arg1 6.7mg/mL 842:849 6.7mg/mL 842:849 6.7mg/mL 842:849 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 21 theme enzyme 820:825 arg1 concentration 827:839 enzyme concentration 820:839 enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) 820:850 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 1 22 theme immobilized 191:201 arg1 β-galactosidase 203:217 free and immobilized β-galactosidase 182:217 free and immobilized β-galactosidase 182:217 In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized β-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. 25842188 3 23 from concentration 922:934 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 23 from concentration 922:934 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 2 24 theme solution 424:431 arg1 parameters 389:398 three parameters 383:398 three parameters 383:398 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 24 theme solution 424:431 arg1 5-9 437:439 5-9 437:439 5-9 437:439 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 24 theme solution 424:431 arg1 pH 433:434 solution pH 424:434 solution pH (5-9) 424:440 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 24 theme solution 424:431 arg1 % 558:558 2-4% 555:558 2-4% 555:558 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 25 theme sodium 524:529 arg1 concentration 540:552 sodium alginate concentration 524:552 sodium alginate concentration 524:552 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 26 from concentration 827:839 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 26 from concentration 827:839 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 27 theme immobilized 982:992 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 28 theme variance 680:687 arg1 analysis 689:696 variance analysis 680:696 variance analysis 680:696 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 2 29 theme analysis 511:518 arg1 mode 503:506 free mode 498:506 free mode of analysis 498:518 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 30 theme calcium 905:911 arg1 concentration 922:934 calcium chloride concentration 905:934 calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) 905:941 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 30 theme calcium 905:911 arg1 % 940:940 5.9% 937:940 5.9% 937:940 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 2 31 theme surface 262:268 arg1 RSM 283:285 RSM 283:285 RSM 283:285 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 31 theme surface 262:268 arg1 methodology 270:280 Response surface methodology 253:280 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) 253:320 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 32 theme central 291:297 arg1 CCD 317:319 CCD 317:319 CCD 317:319 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 32 theme central 291:297 arg1 design 309:314 central composite design 291:314 central composite design (CCD) 291:320 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 33 theme Response 253:260 arg1 RSM 283:285 RSM 283:285 RSM 283:285 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 2 33 theme Response 253:260 arg1 methodology 270:280 Response surface methodology 253:280 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) 253:320 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 34 theme sodium 869:874 arg1 concentration 885:897 sodium alginate concentration 869:897 sodium alginate concentration 869:897 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 0 35 theme surface 74:80 arg1 methodology 82:92 response surface methodology 65:92 response surface methodology 65:92 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 25842188 0 36 dep hydrolysis 8:17 arg1 optimization 46:57 optimization 46:57 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 0:93 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 25842188 3 37 theme alginate 876:883 arg1 concentration 885:897 sodium alginate concentration 869:897 sodium alginate concentration 869:897 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 38 from concentration 885:897 arg1 mode 994:997 immobilized mode 982:997 immobilized mode 982:997 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 38 from concentration 885:897 arg1 mode 860:863 free mode 855:863 free mode 855:863 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 1 39 theme lactose 157:163 arg1 hydrolysis 165:174 lactose hydrolysis 157:174 lactose hydrolysis 157:174 In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized β-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. 25842188 3 40 theme optimum 703:709 arg1 conditions 723:732 the optimum operational conditions 699:732 the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis 699:766 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 40 theme optimum 703:709 arg1 temperature 785:795 temperature 785:795 temperature (35.5°C) 785:804 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 0 41 theme response 65:72 arg1 methodology 82:92 response surface methodology 65:92 response surface methodology 65:92 Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. 25842188 2 42 theme immobilized 640:650 arg1 process 652:658 immobilized process 640:658 immobilized process 640:658 Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. 25842188 3 43 theme operational 711:721 arg1 conditions 723:732 the optimum operational conditions 699:732 the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis 699:766 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 25842188 3 43 theme operational 711:721 arg1 temperature 785:795 temperature 785:795 temperature (35.5°C) 785:804 Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode. 27286189 7 0 theme live 1156:1159 arg1 imaging 1168:1174 a non-invasive live animal imaging 1141:1174 a non-invasive live animal imaging technology 1141:1185 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 6 1 theme transmittance 948:960 arg1 TEM 983:985 TEM 983:985 TEM 983:985 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 6 1 theme transmittance 948:960 arg1 microscopy 971:980 transmittance electron microscopy 948:980 transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) 948:986 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 4 2 theme DOX 640:642 arg1 exposure 628:635 a small exposure 620:635 a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells 620:661 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 8 3 theme composite 1415:1423 arg1 NPs 1425:1427 the composite NPs 1411:1427 the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1411:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 5 4 theme caspase-3 850:858 arg1 activation 836:845 repetitive activation 825:845 repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site 825:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 5 5 theme repetitive 825:834 arg1 activation 836:845 repetitive activation 825:845 repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site 825:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 7 6 theme drug 1051:1054 arg1 release 1056:1062 the nanoparticle drug release 1034:1062 the nanoparticle drug release 1034:1062 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 4 7 from exposure 628:635 arg1 cells 657:661 the tumor cells 647:661 the tumor cells 647:661 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 8 8 theme apoptosis-targeted 1274:1291 arg1 chemotherapy 1293:1304 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy 1262:1304 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) 1262:1312 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 8 8 theme apoptosis-targeted 1274:1291 arg1 DIATC 1307:1311 DIATC 1307:1311 DIATC 1307:1311 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 4 9 from tissue 558:563 arg1 accumulation 511:522 the accumulation 507:522 the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 507:617 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 8 10 theme uptake 1392:1397 arg1 behavior 1399:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior 1370:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1370:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 7 11 theme nanoparticle 1038:1049 arg1 release 1056:1062 the nanoparticle drug release 1034:1062 the nanoparticle drug release 1034:1062 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 5 12 from activation 836:845 arg1 site 900:903 the tumor site 890:903 the tumor site 890:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 2 13 theme peptide 304:310 arg1 DEVD 320:323 DEVD 320:323 DEVD 320:323 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 2 13 theme peptide 304:310 arg1 moiety 312:317 a peptide moiety 302:317 a peptide moiety (DEVD) 302:324 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 5 14 from site 900:903 arg1 caspase-3 850:858 caspase-3 850:858 caspase-3 850:858 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 5 14 from site 900:903 arg1 activation 836:845 repetitive activation 825:845 repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site 825:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 5 14 from site 900:903 arg1 cleavage 864:871 cleavage 864:871 cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site 864:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 5 15 theme tumor 894:898 arg1 site 900:903 the tumor site 890:903 the tumor site 890:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 7 16 theme non-invasive 1143:1154 arg1 imaging 1168:1174 a non-invasive live animal imaging 1141:1174 a non-invasive live animal imaging technology 1141:1185 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 4 17 theme localized 688:696 arg1 area 698:701 a localized area 686:701 a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation 686:757 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 1 18 theme prodrug 106:112 arg1 chemotherapy 114:125 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 88:125 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 88:125 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy is introduced and demonstrated using the composite nanoparticles (NPs), which deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and DEVD-S-DOX together to the tumor tissue. 27286189 4 19 theme tumor 651:655 arg1 cells 657:661 the tumor cells 647:661 the tumor cells 647:661 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 9 20 theme antitumor 1471:1479 arg1 efficacy 1481:1488 Significant antitumor efficacy 1459:1488 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity 1459:1516 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity was also observed, which supported DIATC for improved chemotherapy. 27286189 3 21 theme therapeutic 417:427 arg1 efficacy 429:436 no therapeutic efficacy 414:436 no therapeutic efficacy 414:436 DEVD-S-DOX has no therapeutic efficacy, but it changes into free DOX with the expression of caspase-3. 27286189 4 22 theme tumor 552:556 arg1 tissue 558:563 the tumor tissue 548:563 the tumor tissue 548:563 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 4 23 from accumulation 511:522 arg1 tissue 558:563 the tumor tissue 548:563 the tumor tissue 548:563 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 7 24 theme tumor 1119:1123 arg1 targeting 1125:1133 tumor targeting 1119:1133 tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology 1119:1185 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 4 25 from NPs 541:543 arg1 tissue 558:563 the tumor tissue 548:563 the tumor tissue 548:563 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 7 26 theme animal 1161:1166 arg1 imaging 1168:1174 a non-invasive live animal imaging 1141:1174 a non-invasive live animal imaging technology 1141:1185 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 8 27 theme free 1370:1373 arg1 behavior 1399:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior 1370:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1370:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 1 28 theme Caspase-activated 88:104 arg1 chemotherapy 114:125 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 88:125 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 88:125 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy is introduced and demonstrated using the composite nanoparticles (NPs), which deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and DEVD-S-DOX together to the tumor tissue. 27286189 6 29 theme size 1001:1004 arg1 analyzer 1006:1013 particle size analyzer 992:1013 particle size analyzer 992:1013 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 0 30 theme Doxorubicin/heparin 0:18 arg1 composite 20:28 Doxorubicin/heparin composite 0:28 Doxorubicin/heparin composite 0:28 Doxorubicin/heparin composite nanoparticles for caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy. 27286189 9 31 with efficacy 1481:1488 arg1 cardiotoxicity 1503:1516 minimal cardiotoxicity 1495:1516 minimal cardiotoxicity 1495:1516 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity was also observed, which supported DIATC for improved chemotherapy. 27286189 5 32 theme free 788:791 arg1 DOX 793:795 free DOX 788:795 free DOX 788:795 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 5 33 theme DEVD-S-DOX 876:885 arg1 caspase-3 850:858 caspase-3 850:858 caspase-3 850:858 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 5 33 theme DEVD-S-DOX 876:885 arg1 cleavage 864:871 cleavage 864:871 cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site 864:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 2 34 theme free 361:364 arg1 DOX 366:368 free DOX 361:368 free DOX 361:368 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 7 35 theme in vivo 1091:1097 arg1 biodistribution 1099:1113 in vivo biodistribution 1091:1113 in vivo biodistribution 1091:1113 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 8 36 theme DOX-induced 1262:1272 arg1 chemotherapy 1293:1304 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy 1262:1304 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) 1262:1312 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 8 36 theme DOX-induced 1262:1272 arg1 DIATC 1307:1311 DIATC 1307:1311 DIATC 1307:1311 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 5 37 theme cleavage 864:871 arg1 activation 836:845 repetitive activation 825:845 repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site 825:903 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 8 38 theme DOX 1375:1377 arg1 behavior 1399:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior 1370:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1370:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 4 39 theme retention 596:604 arg1 effect 612:617 the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 568:617 the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 568:617 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 8 40 theme DEVD-S-DOX 1347:1356 arg1 response 1358:1365 in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response 1330:1365 in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1330:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 4 41 theme NPs 541:543 arg1 accumulation 511:522 the accumulation 507:522 the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 507:617 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 8 42 theme NPs 1425:1427 arg1 behavior 1399:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior 1370:1406 free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1370:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 9 43 theme improved 1563:1570 arg1 chemotherapy 1572:1583 improved chemotherapy 1563:1583 improved chemotherapy 1563:1583 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity was also observed, which supported DIATC for improved chemotherapy. 27286189 0 44 theme prodrug 66:72 arg1 chemotherapy 74:85 caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 48:85 caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 48:85 Doxorubicin/heparin composite nanoparticles for caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy. 27286189 4 45 theme composite 531:539 arg1 NPs 541:543 the composite NPs 527:543 the composite NPs in the tumor tissue 527:563 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 7 46 theme liquid 1239:1244 arg1 chromatography 1246:1259 high performance liquid chromatography 1222:1259 high performance liquid chromatography 1222:1259 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 4 47 theme caspase-3 738:746 arg1 activation 748:757 caspase-3 activation 738:757 caspase-3 activation 738:757 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 6 48 theme particle 992:999 arg1 analyzer 1006:1013 particle size analyzer 992:1013 particle size analyzer 992:1013 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 5 49 theme DEVD-S-DOX 772:781 arg1 Cleavage 760:767 Cleavage 760:767 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 760:808 Cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX into free DOX by caspase-3 continued with repetitive activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of DEVD-S-DOX at the tumor site. 27286189 0 50 theme caspase-activated 48:64 arg1 chemotherapy 74:85 caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 48:85 caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy 48:85 Doxorubicin/heparin composite nanoparticles for caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy. 27286189 8 51 theme flow 1434:1437 arg1 analysis 1449:1456 flow cytometry analysis 1434:1456 flow cytometry analysis 1434:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 1 52 theme tumor 262:266 arg1 tissue 268:273 the tumor tissue 258:273 the tumor tissue 258:273 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy is introduced and demonstrated using the composite nanoparticles (NPs), which deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and DEVD-S-DOX together to the tumor tissue. 27286189 9 53 theme Significant 1459:1469 arg1 efficacy 1481:1488 Significant antitumor efficacy 1459:1488 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity 1459:1516 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity was also observed, which supported DIATC for improved chemotherapy. 27286189 7 54 theme therapeutic 1065:1075 arg1 efficacy 1077:1084 therapeutic efficacy 1065:1084 therapeutic efficacy 1065:1084 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 8 55 theme cellular 1383:1390 arg1 uptake 1392:1397 cellular uptake 1383:1397 cellular uptake 1383:1397 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 8 56 theme in vitro/in vivo 1330:1345 arg1 response 1358:1365 in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response 1330:1365 in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis 1330:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 7 57 theme high 1222:1225 arg1 chromatography 1246:1259 high performance liquid chromatography 1222:1259 high performance liquid chromatography 1222:1259 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 9 58 theme minimal 1495:1501 arg1 cardiotoxicity 1503:1516 minimal cardiotoxicity 1495:1516 minimal cardiotoxicity 1495:1516 Significant antitumor efficacy with minimal cardiotoxicity was also observed, which supported DIATC for improved chemotherapy. 27286189 2 59 attach linked 292:297 arg2 DOX 288:290 DOX 288:290 DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD) 288:324 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 2 59 attach linked 292:297 arg2 DEVD-S-DOX 276:285 DEVD-S-DOX 276:285 DEVD-S-DOX 276:285 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 2 59 attach linked 292:297 arg1 DEVD 320:323 DEVD 320:323 DEVD 320:323 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 2 59 attach linked 292:297 arg1 moiety 312:317 a peptide moiety 302:317 a peptide moiety (DEVD) 302:324 DEVD-S-DOX, DOX linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD), is a prodrug that is cleaved into free DOX by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. 27286189 8 60 theme cytometry 1439:1447 arg1 analysis 1449:1456 flow cytometry analysis 1434:1456 flow cytometry analysis 1434:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 1 61 theme composite 168:176 arg1 nanoparticles 178:190 the composite nanoparticles 164:190 the composite nanoparticles (NPs) 164:196 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy is introduced and demonstrated using the composite nanoparticles (NPs), which deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and DEVD-S-DOX together to the tumor tissue. 27286189 1 61 theme composite 168:176 arg1 NPs 193:195 NPs 193:195 NPs 193:195 Caspase-activated prodrug chemotherapy is introduced and demonstrated using the composite nanoparticles (NPs), which deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and DEVD-S-DOX together to the tumor tissue. 27286189 8 62 with NPs 1425:1427 arg1 analysis 1449:1456 flow cytometry analysis 1434:1456 flow cytometry analysis 1434:1456 DOX-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (DIATC) was verified by in vitro/in vivo DEVD-S-DOX response to free DOX and cellular uptake behavior of the composite NPs with flow cytometry analysis. 27286189 3 63 contain has 410:412 arg2 efficacy 429:436 no therapeutic efficacy 414:436 no therapeutic efficacy 414:436 DEVD-S-DOX has no therapeutic efficacy, but it changes into free DOX with the expression of caspase-3. 27286189 3 63 contain has 410:412 arg1 DEVD-S-DOX 399:408 DEVD-S-DOX 399:408 DEVD-S-DOX 399:408 DEVD-S-DOX has no therapeutic efficacy, but it changes into free DOX with the expression of caspase-3. 27286189 4 64 theme tissue 716:721 arg1 area 698:701 a localized area 686:701 a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation 686:757 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 4 65 theme small 622:626 arg1 exposure 628:635 a small exposure 620:635 a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells 620:661 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 7 66 theme DOX 1213:1215 arg1 quantification 1195:1208 the quantification 1191:1208 the quantification of DOX 1191:1215 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 7 66 theme DOX 1213:1215 arg1 biodistribution 1099:1113 in vivo biodistribution 1091:1113 in vivo biodistribution 1091:1113 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 7 66 theme DOX 1213:1215 arg1 release 1056:1062 the nanoparticle drug release 1034:1062 the nanoparticle drug release 1034:1062 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 7 66 theme DOX 1213:1215 arg1 efficacy 1077:1084 therapeutic efficacy 1065:1084 therapeutic efficacy 1065:1084 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 6 67 theme composite 910:918 arg1 NPs 920:922 The composite NPs 906:922 The composite NPs 906:922 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 4 68 theme tumor 710:714 arg1 tissue 716:721 the tumor tissue 706:721 the tumor tissue 706:721 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 3 69 theme free 459:462 arg1 DOX 464:466 free DOX 459:466 free DOX 459:466 DEVD-S-DOX has no therapeutic efficacy, but it changes into free DOX with the expression of caspase-3. 27286189 6 70 theme electron 962:969 arg1 TEM 983:985 TEM 983:985 TEM 983:985 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 6 70 theme electron 962:969 arg1 microscopy 971:980 transmittance electron microscopy 948:980 transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) 948:986 The composite NPs were characterized with transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. 27286189 7 71 theme imaging 1168:1174 arg1 technology 1176:1185 a non-invasive live animal imaging technology 1141:1185 a non-invasive live animal imaging technology 1141:1185 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 4 72 theme permeation 581:590 arg1 effect 612:617 the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 568:617 the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 568:617 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 27286189 7 73 theme performance 1227:1237 arg1 chromatography 1246:1259 high performance liquid chromatography 1222:1259 high performance liquid chromatography 1222:1259 We then evaluated the nanoparticle drug release, therapeutic efficacy, and in vivo biodistribution for tumor targeting using a non-invasive live animal imaging technology and the quantification of DOX with high performance liquid chromatography. 27286189 3 74 theme caspase-3 491:499 arg1 expression 477:486 the expression 473:486 the expression of caspase-3 473:499 DEVD-S-DOX has no therapeutic efficacy, but it changes into free DOX with the expression of caspase-3. 27286189 4 75 theme enhanced 572:579 arg1 effect 612:617 the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 568:617 the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 568:617 With the accumulation of the composite NPs in the tumor tissue by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, a small exposure of DOX in the tumor cells initiated apoptosis in a localized area of the tumor tissue, which induced caspase-3 activation. 29128532 9 0 theme subcutaneous 1285:1296 arg1 pockets 1298:1304 subcutaneous pockets 1285:1304 subcutaneous pockets of nude mice 1285:1317 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 10 1 theme Histological 1320:1331 arg1 analysis 1333:1340 Histological analysis 1320:1340 Histological analysis of the composite constructs 1320:1368 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 12 2 from treatment 1852:1860 arg1 model 1901:1905 a large animal model 1886:1905 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1886:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 17 3 theme large 2769:2773 arg1 model 2782:2786 a large animal model 2767:2786 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 2767:2817 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 13 4 theme cartilage 1975:1983 arg1 STATEMENT 1939:1947 STATEMENT 1939:1947 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage 1939:1983 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage is a tissue that fails to heal spontaneously. 29128532 13 4 theme cartilage 1975:1983 arg1 tissue 1990:1995 a tissue 1988:1995 a tissue that fails to heal spontaneously 1988:2028 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage is a tissue that fails to heal spontaneously. 29128532 9 5 from implantation 1269:1280 arg1 pockets 1298:1304 subcutaneous pockets 1285:1304 subcutaneous pockets of nude mice 1285:1317 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 9 6 theme mice 1314:1317 arg1 pockets 1298:1304 subcutaneous pockets 1285:1304 subcutaneous pockets of nude mice 1285:1317 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 6 7 theme interpenetrating 842:857 arg1 network 859:865 a hybrid interpenetrating network 833:865 a hybrid interpenetrating network 833:865 Laponites (XLG) were mixed with Si-HPMC to prepare composite hydrogels leading to the development of a hybrid interpenetrating network. 29128532 12 8 theme cartilage 1920:1928 arg1 defects 1930:1936 articular cartilage defects 1910:1936 articular cartilage defects 1910:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 11 9 theme cells 1717:1721 arg1 cytocompatibility 1649:1665 its cytocompatibility 1645:1665 its cytocompatibility 1645:1665 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 11 9 theme cells 1717:1721 arg1 diffusion 1675:1683 oxygen diffusion 1668:1683 oxygen diffusion 1668:1683 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 11 9 theme cells 1717:1721 arg1 ability 1693:1699 the ability 1689:1699 the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components 1689:1797 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 13 10 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1952:1963 arg1 cartilage 1975:1983 SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage 1952:1983 SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage 1952:1983 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage is a tissue that fails to heal spontaneously. 29128532 9 11 contain containing 1140:1149 arg1 scaffold 1131:1138 the hybrid scaffold 1120:1138 the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells 1120:1195 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 9 11 contain containing 1140:1149 arg2 hydrogel 1165:1172 the composite hydrogel 1151:1172 the composite hydrogel 1151:1172 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 9 11 contain containing 1140:1149 arg2 cells 1191:1195 chondrogenic cells 1178:1195 chondrogenic cells 1178:1195 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 14 12 theme biomaterial-assisted 2074:2093 arg1 therapy 2100:2106 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 2074:2106 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 2074:2106 To address this clinically relevant issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy is considered promising but often lacks adequate mechanical properties. 29128532 12 13 from model 1901:1905 arg1 treatment 1852:1860 the treatment 1848:1860 the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1848:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 17 14 theme defects 2729:2735 arg1 treatment 2706:2714 the treatment 2702:2714 the treatment of cartilage defects 2702:2735 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 11 15 theme new 1508:1510 arg1 construct 1519:1527 this new hybrid construct 1503:1527 this new hybrid construct 1503:1527 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 2 16 theme biomaterial-assisted 268:287 arg1 therapy 294:300 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 268:300 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 268:300 To address this issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy has been researched with promising advances. 29128532 1 17 theme Articular 167:175 arg1 cartilage 177:185 Articular cartilage 167:185 Articular cartilage 167:185 Articular cartilage is a connective tissue which does not spontaneously heal. 29128532 1 17 theme Articular 167:175 arg1 tissue 203:208 a connective tissue 190:208 a connective tissue which does not spontaneously heal 190:242 Articular cartilage is a connective tissue which does not spontaneously heal. 29128532 12 18 theme large 1888:1892 arg1 model 1901:1905 a large animal model 1886:1905 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1886:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 9 19 theme hybrid 1124:1129 arg1 scaffold 1131:1138 the hybrid scaffold 1120:1138 the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells 1120:1195 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 16 20 theme hybrid 2368:2373 arg1 construct 2375:2383 This new hybrid construct 2359:2383 This new hybrid construct 2359:2383 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 10 21 theme composite 1349:1357 arg1 constructs 1359:1368 the composite constructs 1345:1368 the composite constructs 1345:1368 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 0 22 theme reinforced 88:97 arg1 hydrogel 124:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel 74:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering 74:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 0 22 theme reinforced 88:97 arg1 cellulose 61:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 1 23 theme connective 192:201 arg1 cartilage 177:185 Articular cartilage 167:185 Articular cartilage 167:185 Articular cartilage is a connective tissue which does not spontaneously heal. 29128532 1 23 theme connective 192:201 arg1 tissue 203:208 a connective tissue 190:208 a connective tissue which does not spontaneously heal 190:242 Articular cartilage is a connective tissue which does not spontaneously heal. 29128532 12 24 theme cartilage 1865:1873 arg1 defects 1875:1881 cartilage defects 1865:1881 cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1865:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 3 25 theme mechanical 366:375 arg1 properties 377:386 strong mechanical properties 359:386 strong mechanical properties 359:386 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 4 26 theme nano-reinforcement 553:570 arg1 clay 572:575 nano-reinforcement clay 553:575 nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites 553:594 This article's objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites. 29128532 9 27 theme composite 1155:1163 arg1 hydrogel 1165:1172 the composite hydrogel 1151:1172 the composite hydrogel 1151:1172 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 0 28 theme network 116:122 arg1 hydrogel 124:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel 74:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering 74:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 0 28 theme network 116:122 arg1 cellulose 61:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 3 29 from progress 427:434 arg1 scaffolds 457:465 three-dimensional scaffolds 439:465 three-dimensional scaffolds 439:465 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 5 30 theme silated 674:680 arg1 hydrogel 722:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 These laponites were capable of self-setting within the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. 29128532 17 31 theme articular 2791:2799 arg1 defects 2811:2817 articular cartilage defects 2791:2817 articular cartilage defects 2791:2817 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 10 32 theme tissue 1413:1418 arg1 formation 1383:1391 the formation 1379:1391 the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens 1379:1491 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 0 33 theme tissue 147:152 arg1 engineering 154:164 cartilage tissue engineering 137:164 cartilage tissue engineering 137:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 15 34 theme reinforcement 2259:2271 arg1 amount 2244:2249 a small amount 2236:2249 a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2236:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 34 theme reinforcement 2259:2271 arg1 reinforcement 2259:2271 nano reinforcement 2254:2271 nano reinforcement (laponite) 2254:2282 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 34 theme reinforcement 2259:2271 arg1 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 10 35 theme constructs 1359:1368 arg1 analysis 1333:1340 Histological analysis 1320:1340 Histological analysis of the composite constructs 1320:1368 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 3 36 theme three-dimensional 439:455 arg1 scaffolds 457:465 three-dimensional scaffolds 439:465 three-dimensional scaffolds 439:465 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 17 37 theme defects 2811:2817 arg1 model 2782:2786 a large animal model 2767:2786 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 2767:2817 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 11 38 theme hydrogel 1589:1596 arg1 properties 1609:1618 the hydrogel mechanical properties 1585:1618 the hydrogel mechanical properties 1585:1618 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 5 39 theme gel 653:655 arg1 structure 657:665 the gel structure 649:665 the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 649:729 These laponites were capable of self-setting within the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. 29128532 8 40 theme side 989:992 arg1 effects 994:1000 no side effects 986:1000 no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion 986:1061 The in vitro investigations showed no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion within the composite after cross-linking. 29128532 11 41 theme chondrogenic 1704:1715 arg1 cells 1717:1721 chondrogenic cells 1704:1721 chondrogenic cells 1704:1721 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 9 42 theme cartilaginous 1207:1219 arg1 tissue 1221:1226 a cartilaginous tissue 1205:1226 a cartilaginous tissue 1205:1226 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 16 43 theme mechanical 2460:2469 arg1 properties 2471:2480 the hydrogel mechanical properties 2447:2480 the hydrogel mechanical properties 2447:2480 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 0 44 theme silated 33:39 arg1 hydrogel 124:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel 74:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering 74:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 0 44 theme silated 33:39 arg1 cellulose 61:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 15 45 theme small 2238:2242 arg1 amount 2244:2249 a small amount 2236:2249 a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2236:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 45 theme small 2238:2242 arg1 reinforcement 2259:2271 nano reinforcement 2254:2271 nano reinforcement (laponite) 2254:2282 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 45 theme small 2238:2242 arg1 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 46 theme self-crosslinking 2331:2347 arg1 hydrogel 2349:2356 polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2310:2356 polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2310:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 11 47 theme matrix 1781:1786 arg1 components 1788:1797 extracellular matrix components 1767:1797 extracellular matrix components 1767:1797 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 14 48 theme mechanical 2157:2166 arg1 properties 2168:2177 adequate mechanical properties 2148:2177 adequate mechanical properties 2148:2177 To address this clinically relevant issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy is considered promising but often lacks adequate mechanical properties. 29128532 10 49 with formation 1383:1391 arg1 matrix 1442:1447 an extracellular matrix 1425:1447 an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens 1425:1491 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 8 50 theme oxygen 1046:1051 arg1 diffusion 1053:1061 oxygen diffusion 1046:1061 oxygen diffusion 1046:1061 The in vitro investigations showed no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion within the composite after cross-linking. 29128532 9 51 theme 6-week 1262:1267 arg1 implantation 1269:1280 a 6-week implantation 1260:1280 a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice 1260:1317 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 15 52 theme capable 2284:2290 arg1 amount 2244:2249 a small amount 2236:2249 a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2236:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 52 theme capable 2284:2290 arg1 reinforcement 2259:2271 nano reinforcement 2254:2271 nano reinforcement (laponite) 2254:2282 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 52 theme capable 2284:2290 arg1 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 11 53 theme hybrid 1512:1517 arg1 construct 1519:1527 this new hybrid construct 1503:1527 this new hybrid construct 1503:1527 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 5 54 theme hydrogel 722:729 arg1 structure 657:665 the gel structure 649:665 the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 649:729 These laponites were capable of self-setting within the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. 29128532 6 55 theme composite 783:791 arg1 hydrogels 793:801 composite hydrogels 783:801 composite hydrogels leading to the development of a hybrid interpenetrating network 783:865 Laponites (XLG) were mixed with Si-HPMC to prepare composite hydrogels leading to the development of a hybrid interpenetrating network. 29128532 13 56 theme Articular 1965:1973 arg1 cartilage 1975:1983 SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage 1952:1983 SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage 1952:1983 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Articular cartilage is a tissue that fails to heal spontaneously. 29128532 16 57 theme cells 2575:2579 arg1 diffusion 2533:2541 O2 diffusion 2530:2541 O2 diffusion 2530:2541 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 16 57 theme cells 2575:2579 arg1 ability 2551:2557 the ability 2547:2557 the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components 2547:2651 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 16 57 theme cells 2575:2579 arg1 cytocompatibility 2511:2527 its cytocompatibility 2507:2527 its cytocompatibility 2507:2527 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 16 58 theme matrix 2635:2640 arg1 components 2642:2651 extracellular matrix components 2621:2651 extracellular matrix components 2621:2651 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 11 59 theme interpenetrating 1545:1560 arg1 network 1562:1568 an interpenetrating network 1542:1568 an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components 1542:1797 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 5 60 theme cellulose 702:710 arg1 hydrogel 722:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 These laponites were capable of self-setting within the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. 29128532 9 61 theme nude 1309:1312 arg1 mice 1314:1317 nude mice 1309:1317 nude mice 1309:1317 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 2 62 theme promising 327:335 arg1 advances 337:344 promising advances 327:344 promising advances 327:344 To address this issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy has been researched with promising advances. 29128532 12 63 theme articular 1910:1918 arg1 defects 1930:1936 articular cartilage defects 1910:1936 articular cartilage defects 1910:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 5 64 theme Si-HPMC 713:719 arg1 hydrogel 722:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 These laponites were capable of self-setting within the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. 29128532 6 65 theme network 859:865 arg1 development 818:828 the development 814:828 the development of a hybrid interpenetrating network 814:865 Laponites (XLG) were mixed with Si-HPMC to prepare composite hydrogels leading to the development of a hybrid interpenetrating network. 29128532 7 66 theme hydrogel 941:948 arg1 properties 923:932 the mechanical properties 908:932 the mechanical properties of the hydrogel 908:948 This interpenetrating network increases the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. 29128532 12 67 theme defects 1930:1936 arg1 model 1901:1905 a large animal model 1886:1905 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1886:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 16 68 theme new 2364:2366 arg1 construct 2375:2383 This new hybrid construct 2359:2383 This new hybrid construct 2359:2383 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 16 69 theme extracellular 2621:2633 arg1 components 2642:2651 extracellular matrix components 2621:2651 extracellular matrix components 2621:2651 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 6 70 theme hybrid 835:840 arg1 network 859:865 a hybrid interpenetrating network 833:865 a hybrid interpenetrating network 833:865 Laponites (XLG) were mixed with Si-HPMC to prepare composite hydrogels leading to the development of a hybrid interpenetrating network. 29128532 14 71 theme cell 2095:2098 arg1 therapy 2100:2106 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 2074:2106 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 2074:2106 To address this clinically relevant issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy is considered promising but often lacks adequate mechanical properties. 29128532 12 72 theme composite 1805:1813 arg1 hydrogel 1815:1822 This composite hydrogel 1800:1822 This composite hydrogel 1800:1822 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 4 73 theme composite 510:518 arg1 hydrogel 520:527 a composite hydrogel 508:527 a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites 508:594 This article's objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites. 29128532 17 74 theme cartilage 2719:2727 arg1 defects 2729:2735 cartilage defects 2719:2735 cartilage defects 2719:2735 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 2 75 theme cell 289:292 arg1 therapy 294:300 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 268:300 biomaterial-assisted cell therapy 268:300 To address this issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy has been researched with promising advances. 29128532 7 76 theme mechanical 912:921 arg1 properties 923:932 the mechanical properties 908:932 the mechanical properties of the hydrogel 908:948 This interpenetrating network increases the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. 29128532 14 77 theme relevant 2058:2065 arg1 issue 2067:2071 this clinically relevant issue 2042:2071 this clinically relevant issue 2042:2071 To address this clinically relevant issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy is considered promising but often lacks adequate mechanical properties. 29128532 3 78 theme strong 359:364 arg1 properties 377:386 strong mechanical properties 359:386 strong mechanical properties 359:386 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 15 79 theme polysaccharide 2310:2323 arg1 hydrogel 2349:2356 polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2310:2356 polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2310:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 11 80 theme oxygen 1668:1673 arg1 diffusion 1675:1683 oxygen diffusion 1668:1683 oxygen diffusion 1668:1683 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 8 81 dep in 955:956 arg1 vitro 958:962 vitro 958:962 vitro 958:962 The in vitro investigations showed no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion within the composite after cross-linking. 29128532 12 82 from defects 1875:1881 arg1 model 1901:1905 a large animal model 1886:1905 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1886:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 9 83 theme scaffold 1131:1138 arg1 ability 1109:1115 The ability 1105:1115 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo 1105:1234 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 0 84 theme interpenetrating 99:114 arg1 hydrogel 124:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel 74:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering 74:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 0 84 theme interpenetrating 99:114 arg1 cellulose 61:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 12 85 theme animal 1894:1899 arg1 model 1901:1905 a large animal model 1886:1905 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1886:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 4 86 theme clay 572:575 arg1 amount 543:548 a small amount 535:548 a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites 535:594 This article's objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites. 29128532 4 86 theme clay 572:575 arg1 clay 572:575 nano-reinforcement clay 553:575 nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites 553:594 This article's objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites. 29128532 3 87 theme properties 377:386 arg1 lack 351:354 The lack 347:354 The lack of strong mechanical properties 347:386 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 3 87 theme properties 377:386 arg1 concern 399:405 a concern 397:405 a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds 397:465 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 17 88 theme animal 2775:2780 arg1 model 2782:2786 a large animal model 2767:2786 a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 2767:2817 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 16 89 theme chondrogenic 2562:2573 arg1 cells 2575:2579 chondrogenic cells 2562:2579 chondrogenic cells 2562:2579 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 0 90 theme cartilage 137:145 arg1 engineering 154:164 cartilage tissue engineering 137:164 cartilage tissue engineering 137:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 12 91 theme defects 1875:1881 arg1 treatment 1852:1860 the treatment 1848:1860 the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects 1848:1936 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 3 92 theme significant 415:425 arg1 progress 427:434 significant progress 415:434 significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds 415:465 The lack of strong mechanical properties is still a concern despite significant progress in three-dimensional scaffolds. 29128532 4 93 theme small 537:541 arg1 amount 543:548 a small amount 535:548 a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites 535:594 This article's objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites. 29128532 4 93 theme small 537:541 arg1 clay 572:575 nano-reinforcement clay 553:575 nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites 553:594 This article's objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano-reinforcement clay known as laponites. 29128532 9 94 theme chondrogenic 1178:1189 arg1 cells 1191:1195 chondrogenic cells 1178:1195 chondrogenic cells 1178:1195 The ability of the hybrid scaffold containing the composite hydrogel and chondrogenic cells to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo was investigated during a 6-week implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. 29128532 11 95 theme mechanical 1598:1607 arg1 properties 1609:1618 the hydrogel mechanical properties 1585:1618 the hydrogel mechanical properties 1585:1618 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 5 96 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 682:700 arg1 hydrogel 722:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel 670:729 These laponites were capable of self-setting within the gel structure of the silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. 29128532 15 97 theme nano 2254:2257 arg1 reinforcement 2259:2271 nano reinforcement 2254:2271 nano reinforcement (laponite) 2254:2282 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 15 97 theme nano 2254:2257 arg1 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 laponite 2274:2281 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 8 98 theme in 955:956 arg1 investigations 964:977 The in vitro investigations 951:977 The in vitro investigations 951:977 The in vitro investigations showed no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion within the composite after cross-linking. 29128532 17 99 theme cartilage 2801:2809 arg1 defects 2811:2817 articular cartilage defects 2791:2817 articular cartilage defects 2791:2817 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 10 100 theme cartilage-like 1398:1411 arg1 tissue 1413:1418 a cartilage-like tissue 1396:1418 a cartilage-like tissue 1396:1418 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 16 101 theme hydrogel 2451:2458 arg1 properties 2471:2480 the hydrogel mechanical properties 2447:2480 the hydrogel mechanical properties 2447:2480 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 10 102 contain containing 1449:1458 arg2 glycosaminoglycans 1460:1477 glycosaminoglycans 1460:1477 glycosaminoglycans 1460:1477 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 10 102 contain containing 1449:1458 arg1 matrix 1442:1447 an extracellular matrix 1425:1447 an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens 1425:1491 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 10 102 contain containing 1449:1458 arg2 collagens 1483:1491 collagens 1483:1491 collagens 1483:1491 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 8 103 from XLG 1011:1013 arg1 effects 994:1000 no side effects 986:1000 no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion 986:1061 The in vitro investigations showed no side effects from the XLG regarding cytocompatibility or oxygen diffusion within the composite after cross-linking. 29128532 0 104 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 41:59 arg1 hydrogel 124:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel 74:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering 74:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 0 104 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 41:59 arg1 cellulose 61:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 10 105 theme extracellular 1428:1440 arg1 matrix 1442:1447 an extracellular matrix 1425:1447 an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens 1425:1491 Histological analysis of the composite constructs revealed the formation of a cartilage-like tissue with an extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagens. 29128532 7 106 theme interpenetrating 873:888 arg1 network 890:896 This interpenetrating network 868:896 This interpenetrating network 868:896 This interpenetrating network increases the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. 29128532 15 107 theme based 2325:2329 arg1 hydrogel 2349:2356 polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2310:2356 polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2310:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 17 108 theme composite 2659:2667 arg1 hydrogel 2669:2676 This composite hydrogel 2654:2676 This composite hydrogel 2654:2676 This composite hydrogel may be of relevance for the treatment of cartilage defects and will now be considered in a large animal model of articular cartilage defects. 29128532 15 109 theme composite 2211:2219 arg1 hydrogel 2221:2228 a composite hydrogel 2209:2228 a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel 2209:2356 Our objective was to develop a composite hydrogel using a small amount of nano reinforcement (laponite) capable of gelling within polysaccharide based self-crosslinking hydrogel. 29128532 11 110 theme extracellular 1767:1779 arg1 components 1788:1797 extracellular matrix components 1767:1797 extracellular matrix components 1767:1797 Overall, this new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, oxygen diffusion, or the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in the cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 0 111 theme injectable 77:86 arg1 hydrogel 124:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel 74:131 an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering 74:164 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 0 111 theme injectable 77:86 arg1 cellulose 61:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 33:69 Laponite nanoparticle-associated silated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose as an injectable reinforced interpenetrating network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 29128532 14 112 theme adequate 2148:2155 arg1 properties 2168:2177 adequate mechanical properties 2148:2177 adequate mechanical properties 2148:2177 To address this clinically relevant issue, biomaterial-assisted cell therapy is considered promising but often lacks adequate mechanical properties. 29128532 16 113 theme interpenetrating 2401:2416 arg1 IPN 2427:2429 IPN 2427:2429 IPN 2427:2429 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 29128532 16 113 theme interpenetrating 2401:2416 arg1 network 2418:2424 an interpenetrating network 2398:2424 an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components 2398:2651 This new hybrid construct demonstrates an interpenetrating network (IPN) which enhances the hydrogel mechanical properties without interfering with its cytocompatibility, O2 diffusion and the ability of chondrogenic cells to self-organize in cluster and produce extracellular matrix components. 28251198 3 0 theme @ 322:322 arg1 composites 340:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 3 1 theme Ca3 323:325 arg1 composites 340:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 3 2 theme hybrid 333:338 arg1 composites 340:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 2 3 theme Kcat 296:299 arg1 values 301:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 2 4 contain has 277:279 arg1 CPO 272:274 CPO 272:274 CPO 272:274 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 2 4 contain has 277:279 arg1 chloroperoxidase 254:269 immobilized chloroperoxidase 242:269 immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) 242:275 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 2 4 contain has 277:279 arg2 values 301:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 2 5 theme Km 289:290 arg1 values 301:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 1 6 theme self-repairing 106:119 arg1 nanocatalyst 141:152 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst 104:152 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating 104:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 28251198 0 7 theme metal-organic 15:27 arg1 complexes 36:44 metal-organic hybrid complexes 15:44 metal-organic hybrid complexes 15:44 Self-repairing metal-organic hybrid complexes for reinforcing immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability. 28251198 1 8 theme metal-enzyme 121:132 arg1 nanocatalyst 141:152 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst 104:152 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating 104:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 28251198 1 9 theme hybrid 134:139 arg1 nanocatalyst 141:152 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst 104:152 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating 104:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 28251198 3 10 theme catalytic 438:446 arg1 activity 448:455 the catalytic activity 434:455 the catalytic activity 434:455 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 0 11 theme hybrid 29:34 arg1 complexes 36:44 metal-organic hybrid complexes 15:44 metal-organic hybrid complexes 15:44 Self-repairing metal-organic hybrid complexes for reinforcing immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability. 28251198 3 12 theme activity 448:455 arg1 % 429:429 more than 85% 417:429 more than 85% of the catalytic activity 417:455 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 3 12 theme activity 448:455 arg1 activity 448:455 the catalytic activity 434:455 the catalytic activity 434:455 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 2 13 theme immobilized 242:252 arg1 CPO 272:274 CPO 272:274 CPO 272:274 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 2 13 theme immobilized 242:252 arg1 chloroperoxidase 254:269 immobilized chloroperoxidase 242:269 immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) 242:275 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 0 14 theme chloroperoxidase 74:89 arg1 reusability 91:101 immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability 62:101 immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability 62:101 Self-repairing metal-organic hybrid complexes for reinforcing immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability. 28251198 3 15 theme SA-coated 309:317 arg1 composites 340:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 0 16 theme immobilized 62:72 arg1 reusability 91:101 immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability 62:101 immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability 62:101 Self-repairing metal-organic hybrid complexes for reinforcing immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability. 28251198 3 17 theme CPO 319:321 arg1 composites 340:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites 309:349 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 2 18 theme free 232:235 arg1 CPO 237:239 free CPO 232:239 free CPO 232:239 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 1 19 theme sodium 161:166 arg1 coating 182:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 28251198 1 20 theme alginate 168:175 arg1 coating 182:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 28251198 2 21 theme similar 281:287 arg1 values 301:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 similar Km and Kcat values 281:306 Compared with free CPO, immobilized chloroperoxidase (CPO) has similar Km and Kcat values. 28251198 1 22 theme SA 178:179 arg1 coating 182:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 28251198 3 23 theme acidic 386:391 arg1 conditions 393:402 acidic conditions 386:402 acidic conditions 386:402 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 3 24 theme robust 361:366 arg1 reusability 368:378 robust reusability 361:378 robust reusability 361:378 SA-coated CPO@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid composites displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions, maintaining more than 85% of the catalytic activity after 12 recycles. 28251198 1 25 with nanocatalyst 141:152 arg1 coating 182:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 a sodium alginate (SA) coating 159:188 A self-repairing metal-enzyme hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating was reported in this study. 26706799 5 0 theme glass 712:716 arg1 support 718:724 glass support 712:724 glass support 712:724 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 1 1 theme clear 259:263 arg1 gels 265:268 clear gels 259:268 clear gels 259:268 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 0 2 theme protein 90:96 arg1 assays 98:103 solid-phase protein assays 78:103 solid-phase protein assays 78:103 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard support for solid-phase protein assays. 26706799 4 3 theme dry 521:523 arg1 film 525:528 a dry film 519:528 a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides 519:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 5 4 theme protein-fixing 638:651 arg1 solution 653:660 protein-fixing solution 638:660 protein-fixing solution 638:660 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 3 5 theme low-cost 376:383 arg1 alternative 427:437 an alternative 424:437 an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays 424:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 3 5 theme low-cost 376:383 arg1 matrix 397:402 a low-cost transparent matrix 374:402 a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays 374:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 4 6 theme Protein 486:492 arg1 samples 494:500 Protein samples 486:500 Protein samples 486:500 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 3 7 theme polymeric 442:450 arg1 membranes 452:460 polymeric membranes 442:460 polymeric membranes 442:460 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 2 8 theme membrane 275:282 arg1 opacity 284:290 The membrane opacity 271:290 The membrane opacity 271:290 The membrane opacity complicates imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems. 26706799 0 9 theme composite 2:10 arg1 matrix 35:40 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix 0:40 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard 0:64 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard support for solid-phase protein assays. 26706799 5 10 theme protein 675:681 arg1 samples 683:689 protein samples 675:689 protein samples 675:689 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 2 11 theme standard 326:333 arg1 systems 353:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 The membrane opacity complicates imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems. 26706799 4 12 theme standard 582:589 arg1 slides 609:614 standard glass microscopic slides 582:614 standard glass microscopic slides 582:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 3 13 theme transparent 385:395 arg1 alternative 427:437 an alternative 424:437 an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays 424:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 3 13 theme transparent 385:395 arg1 matrix 397:402 a low-cost transparent matrix 374:402 a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays 374:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 2 14 theme results 315:321 arg1 imaging 304:310 imaging 304:310 imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems 304:359 The membrane opacity complicates imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems. 26706799 1 15 theme low 205:207 arg1 background 209:218 low background 205:218 low background 205:218 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 0 16 theme agarose-polyacrylamide 12:33 arg1 matrix 35:40 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix 0:40 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard 0:64 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard support for solid-phase protein assays. 26706799 4 17 theme microscopic 597:607 arg1 slides 609:614 standard glass microscopic slides 582:614 standard glass microscopic slides 582:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 5 18 theme conventional 741:752 arg1 gels 777:780 conventional protein polyacrylamide gels 741:780 conventional protein polyacrylamide gels 741:780 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 5 18 theme conventional 741:752 arg1 matrix 663:668 matrix 663:668 matrix with protein samples 663:689 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 1 19 theme protein 122:128 arg1 assays 130:135 The solid-phase protein assays 106:135 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support 106:176 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 0 20 theme two-dimensional 45:59 arg1 hard 61:64 two-dimensional hard 45:64 two-dimensional hard 45:64 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard support for solid-phase protein assays. 26706799 4 21 theme glass 591:595 arg1 slides 609:614 standard glass microscopic slides 582:614 standard glass microscopic slides 582:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 5 22 theme protein 754:760 arg1 gels 777:780 conventional protein polyacrylamide gels 741:780 conventional protein polyacrylamide gels 741:780 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 5 22 theme protein 754:760 arg1 matrix 663:668 matrix 663:668 matrix with protein samples 663:689 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 4 23 theme composite 533:541 arg1 matrix 566:571 composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix 533:571 composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides 533:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 5 24 theme polyacrylamide 762:775 arg1 gels 777:780 conventional protein polyacrylamide gels 741:780 conventional protein polyacrylamide gels 741:780 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 5 24 theme polyacrylamide 762:775 arg1 matrix 663:668 matrix 663:668 matrix with protein samples 663:689 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 1 25 theme protein 239:245 arg1 staining 247:254 protein staining 239:254 protein staining 239:254 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 3 26 used used 416:419 arg2 alternative 427:437 an alternative 424:437 an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays 424:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 3 26 used used 416:419 arg2 matrix 397:402 a low-cost transparent matrix 374:402 a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays 374:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 1 27 from sensitivity 224:234 arg1 gels 265:268 clear gels 259:268 clear gels 259:268 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 4 28 theme matrix 566:571 arg1 film 525:528 a dry film 519:528 a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides 519:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 5 29 from rehydration 623:633 arg1 solution 653:660 protein-fixing solution 638:660 protein-fixing solution 638:660 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 4 30 theme agarose-polyacrylamide 543:564 arg1 matrix 566:571 composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix 533:571 composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides 533:614 Protein samples are spotted onto a dry film of composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix covering standard glass microscopic slides. 26706799 5 31 with matrix 663:668 arg1 samples 683:689 protein samples 675:689 protein samples 675:689 After rehydration in protein-fixing solution, matrix with protein samples can be detached from glass support and stained as conventional protein polyacrylamide gels. 26706799 1 32 from background 209:218 arg1 gels 265:268 clear gels 259:268 clear gels 259:268 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 1 33 theme blotting 143:150 arg1 membranes 152:160 blotting membranes 143:160 blotting membranes 143:160 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 1 34 theme solid-phase 110:120 arg1 assays 130:135 The solid-phase protein assays 106:135 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support 106:176 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 2 35 theme lab 335:337 arg1 systems 353:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 The membrane opacity complicates imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems. 26706799 2 36 from imaging 304:310 arg1 systems 353:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 The membrane opacity complicates imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems. 26706799 2 37 theme documentation 339:351 arg1 systems 353:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 standard lab documentation systems 326:359 The membrane opacity complicates imaging of results on standard lab documentation systems. 26706799 0 38 theme solid-phase 78:88 arg1 assays 98:103 solid-phase protein assays 78:103 solid-phase protein assays 78:103 A composite agarose-polyacrylamide matrix as two-dimensional hard support for solid-phase protein assays. 26706799 3 39 theme solid-phase 466:476 arg1 assays 478:483 solid-phase assays 466:483 solid-phase assays 466:483 We describe a low-cost transparent matrix that can be used as an alternative to polymeric membranes for solid-phase assays. 26706799 1 40 theme staining 247:254 arg1 background 209:218 low background 205:218 low background 205:218 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 1 40 theme staining 247:254 arg1 sensitivity 224:234 sensitivity 224:234 sensitivity 224:234 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 1 41 dep background 209:218 arg1 the 201:203 the 201:203 the 201:203 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26706799 1 42 theme hard 165:168 arg1 support 170:176 hard support 165:176 hard support 165:176 The solid-phase protein assays using blotting membranes as hard support do not allow achieving the low background and sensitivity of protein staining in clear gels. 26572356 0 0 theme small 93:97 arg1 saccharides 99:109 small saccharides 93:109 small saccharides 93:109 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 1 1 theme continuous 264:273 arg1 chromatography 275:288 continuous chromatography 264:288 continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB) 264:316 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 1 1 theme continuous 264:273 arg1 SMB 313:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 9 2 from broth 1414:1418 arg1 FOS 1392:1394 FOS 1392:1394 FOS from this culture broth 1392:1418 The sucrose amount was reduced from 13.5 to 5.4% in total sugars, which suggests that FOS from this culture broth will be more efficiently separated by SMB. 26572356 8 3 theme weight 1237:1242 arg1 basis 1244:1248 a dry weight basis 1231:1248 a dry weight basis 1231:1248 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 9 4 theme culture 1406:1412 arg1 broth 1414:1418 this culture broth 1401:1418 this culture broth 1401:1418 The sucrose amount was reduced from 13.5 to 5.4% in total sugars, which suggests that FOS from this culture broth will be more efficiently separated by SMB. 26572356 3 5 theme salts 528:532 arg1 salts 528:532 salts 528:532 salts 528:532 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 3 5 theme salts 528:532 arg1 amount 518:523 reduced amount 510:523 reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, 510:576 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 5 6 theme small 934:938 arg1 saccharides 940:950 the small saccharides 930:950 A. pullulans and then the small saccharides 908:950 Two approaches were evaluated, namely a co-culture of A. pullulans with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and a two-step fermentation in which FOS were first synthesized by A. pullulans and then the small saccharides were metabolized by S. cerevisiae. 26572356 0 7 theme saccharides 99:109 arg1 removal 82:88 the removal 78:88 the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast 78:161 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 3 8 theme whole 565:569 arg1 cells 571:575 Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells 541:575 Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells 541:575 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 1 9 theme Simulated 291:299 arg1 chromatography 275:288 continuous chromatography 264:288 continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB) 264:316 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 1 9 theme Simulated 291:299 arg1 SMB 313:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 2 10 theme fermentative 414:425 arg1 composition 433:443 the fermentative broth composition 410:443 the fermentative broth composition 410:443 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 8 11 theme second-step 1261:1271 arg1 fermentation 1273:1284 the second-step fermentation 1257:1284 the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae 1257:1303 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 4 12 from amount 699:704 arg1 mixture 734:740 the mixture 730:740 the mixture 730:740 Additionally, a microbial treatment was proposed to reduce the amount of small saccharides in the mixture. 26572356 7 13 theme co-culture 1157:1166 arg1 ones 1168:1171 the co-culture ones 1153:1171 the co-culture ones 1153:1171 Fermentations in two-step were found to be more efficient than the co-culture ones. 26572356 3 14 theme Aureobasidium 541:553 arg1 cells 571:575 Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells 541:575 Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells 541:575 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 0 15 with co-culture 114:123 arg1 yeast 157:161 yeast 157:161 yeast 157:161 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 5 16 theme two-step 847:854 arg1 fermentation 856:867 a two-step fermentation 845:867 a two-step fermentation in which FOS were first synthesized by A. pullulans and then the small saccharides 845:950 Two approaches were evaluated, namely a co-culture of A. pullulans with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and a two-step fermentation in which FOS were first synthesized by A. pullulans and then the small saccharides were metabolized by S. cerevisiae. 26572356 1 17 theme Moving 301:306 arg1 chromatography 275:288 continuous chromatography 264:288 continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB) 264:316 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 1 17 theme Moving 301:306 arg1 SMB 313:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 4 18 theme saccharides 715:725 arg1 amount 699:704 the amount 695:704 the amount of small saccharides in the mixture 695:740 Additionally, a microbial treatment was proposed to reduce the amount of small saccharides in the mixture. 26572356 4 18 theme saccharides 715:725 arg1 saccharides 715:725 small saccharides 709:725 small saccharides 709:725 Additionally, a microbial treatment was proposed to reduce the amount of small saccharides in the mixture. 26572356 8 19 theme ± 1214:1214 arg1 w/w 1222:1224 w/w 1222:1224 w/w 1222:1224 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 8 19 theme ± 1214:1214 arg1 % 1219:1219 81.6 ± 0.8% 1209:1219 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w) 1209:1225 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 2 20 theme purification 376:387 arg1 efficiency 343:352 the efficiency 339:352 the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification 339:387 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 1 21 theme Bed 308:310 arg1 chromatography 275:288 continuous chromatography 264:288 continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB) 264:316 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 1 21 theme Bed 308:310 arg1 SMB 313:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Simulated Moving Bed: SMB 291:315 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 3 22 dep salts 528:532 arg1 using 535:539 using 535:539 using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells 535:575 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 2 23 theme broth 427:431 arg1 composition 433:443 the fermentative broth composition 410:443 the fermentative broth composition 410:443 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 2 24 theme composition 433:443 arg1 optimization 394:405 the optimization 390:405 the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars 390:463 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 0 25 theme successive 128:137 arg1 fermentation 139:150 successive fermentation 128:150 successive fermentation 128:150 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 1 26 theme sucrose 222:228 arg1 fermentation 206:217 fermentation 206:217 fermentation of sucrose 206:228 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). 26572356 0 27 theme high-content 33:44 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharides 46:68 high-content fructo-oligosaccharides 33:68 high-content fructo-oligosaccharides 33:68 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 3 28 dep Aureobasidium 541:553 arg1 pullulans 555:563 pullulans 555:563 pullulans 555:563 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 8 29 theme dry 1233:1235 arg1 basis 1244:1248 a dry weight basis 1231:1248 a dry weight basis 1231:1248 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 4 30 theme microbial 652:660 arg1 treatment 662:670 a microbial treatment 650:670 a microbial treatment 650:670 Additionally, a microbial treatment was proposed to reduce the amount of small saccharides in the mixture. 26572356 6 31 theme shaken 1018:1023 arg1 flasks 1025:1030 100mL shaken flasks 1012:1030 100mL shaken flasks 1012:1030 Assays were performed in 100mL shaken flasks and further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor. 26572356 3 32 theme initial 619:625 arg1 sucrose 627:633 initial sucrose 619:633 initial sucrose 619:633 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 6 33 theme 100mL 1012:1016 arg1 flasks 1025:1030 100mL shaken flasks 1012:1030 100mL shaken flasks 1012:1030 Assays were performed in 100mL shaken flasks and further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor. 26572356 3 34 theme sucrose 627:633 arg1 gram 611:614 gram 611:614 gram of initial sucrose 611:633 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 3 35 theme ± 591:591 arg1 g 598:598 0.63 ± 0.03 g 586:598 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose 586:633 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 6 36 theme volume 1071:1076 arg1 bioreactor 1078:1087 a 3 L working volume bioreactor 1057:1087 a 3 L working volume bioreactor 1057:1087 Assays were performed in 100mL shaken flasks and further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor. 26572356 0 37 theme fructo-oligosaccharides 46:68 arg1 production 19:28 the production 15:28 the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast 15:161 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 7 38 from Fermentations 1090:1102 arg1 two-step 1107:1114 two-step 1107:1114 two-step 1107:1114 Fermentations in two-step were found to be more efficient than the co-culture ones. 26572356 9 39 dep 5.4 1350:1352 arg1 to 1347:1348 to 1347:1348 to 1347:1348 The sucrose amount was reduced from 13.5 to 5.4% in total sugars, which suggests that FOS from this culture broth will be more efficiently separated by SMB. 26572356 2 40 from optimization 394:405 arg1 salts 448:452 salts 448:452 salts 448:452 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 2 40 from optimization 394:405 arg1 sugars 458:463 sugars 458:463 sugars 458:463 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 3 41 theme reduced 510:516 arg1 salts 528:532 salts 528:532 salts 528:532 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 3 41 theme reduced 510:516 arg1 amount 518:523 reduced amount 510:523 reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, 510:576 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 4 42 theme small 709:713 arg1 saccharides 715:725 small saccharides 709:725 small saccharides 709:725 Additionally, a microbial treatment was proposed to reduce the amount of small saccharides in the mixture. 26572356 5 43 with co-culture 783:792 arg1 cerevisiae 829:838 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 815:838 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 815:838 Two approaches were evaluated, namely a co-culture of A. pullulans with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and a two-step fermentation in which FOS were first synthesized by A. pullulans and then the small saccharides were metabolized by S. cerevisiae. 26572356 8 44 with fermentation 1273:1284 arg1 cerevisiae 1294:1303 S. cerevisiae 1291:1303 S. cerevisiae 1291:1303 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 6 45 theme further 1036:1042 arg1 scaled-up 1044:1052 further scaled-up 1036:1052 further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor 1036:1087 Assays were performed in 100mL shaken flasks and further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor. 26572356 6 46 theme working 1063:1069 arg1 bioreactor 1078:1087 a 3 L working volume bioreactor 1057:1087 a 3 L working volume bioreactor 1057:1087 Assays were performed in 100mL shaken flasks and further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor. 26572356 0 47 with fermentation 139:150 arg1 yeast 157:161 yeast 157:161 yeast 157:161 Strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast. 26572356 8 48 theme % 1219:1219 arg1 purity 1199:1204 a purity 1197:1204 a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w) 1197:1225 FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. 26572356 3 49 theme FOS 603:605 arg1 g 598:598 0.63 ± 0.03 g 586:598 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose 586:633 Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. 26572356 9 50 theme total 1358:1362 arg1 sugars 1364:1369 total sugars 1358:1369 total sugars 1358:1369 The sucrose amount was reduced from 13.5 to 5.4% in total sugars, which suggests that FOS from this culture broth will be more efficiently separated by SMB. 26572356 2 51 theme SMB 372:374 arg1 purification 376:387 the subsequent SMB purification 357:387 the subsequent SMB purification 357:387 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 26572356 9 52 theme sucrose 1310:1316 arg1 amount 1318:1323 The sucrose amount 1306:1323 The sucrose amount 1306:1323 The sucrose amount was reduced from 13.5 to 5.4% in total sugars, which suggests that FOS from this culture broth will be more efficiently separated by SMB. 26572356 5 53 theme pullulans 800:808 arg1 co-culture 783:792 a co-culture 781:792 a co-culture of A. pullulans with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 781:838 Two approaches were evaluated, namely a co-culture of A. pullulans with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and a two-step fermentation in which FOS were first synthesized by A. pullulans and then the small saccharides were metabolized by S. cerevisiae. 26572356 2 54 theme subsequent 361:370 arg1 purification 376:387 the subsequent SMB purification 357:387 the subsequent SMB purification 357:387 In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. 23846557 6 0 theme caecal 1614:1619 arg1 mass 1629:1632 the caecal digesta mass 1610:1632 the caecal digesta mass 1610:1632 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 5 1 theme caecal 1391:1396 arg1 mass 1406:1409 the caecal digesta mass 1387:1409 the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) 1387:1433 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 1 theme caecal 1391:1396 arg1 BW 1431:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 1 2 theme preparations 268:279 arg1 composition 240:250 the composition 236:250 the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 236:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 4 3 dep higher 1262:1267 arg1 = 1313:1313 = 1313:1313 = 1313:1313 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 4 4 theme β-glucuronidase 1187:1201 arg1 activity 1175:1182 the activity 1171:1182 the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta 1171:1219 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 % 603:603 5.1% 600:603 5.1% of ellagic acid 600:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 % 625:625 0.2% 622:625 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part 622:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 extract 710:716 water-alcohol extract 696:716 water-alcohol extract (PTE) 696:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 acid 616:619 ellagic acid 608:619 ellagic acid 608:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 carbohydrates 661:673 soluble carbohydrates 653:673 soluble carbohydrates as a major part 653:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 6 6 theme β-glucuronidase 1582:1596 arg1 activity 1570:1577 the activity 1566:1577 the activity of β-glucuronidase 1566:1596 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 5 7 theme total 1443:1447 arg1 production 1449:1458 the total production 1439:1458 the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW) 1439:1496 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 2 8 theme Freeze-dried 555:566 arg1 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 8 theme Freeze-dried 555:566 arg1 extract 574:580 Freeze-dried water extract 555:580 Freeze-dried water extract (PTW) 555:586 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 0 9 from effect 79:84 arg1 properties 103:112 physiological properties 89:112 physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats 89:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 0 10 theme different 141:149 arg1 types 151:155 different types 141:155 different types of dietary fibre in rats 141:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 8 11 theme certain 1803:1809 arg1 enzymes 1811:1817 certain enzymes 1803:1817 certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products 1803:1874 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 1 12 theme study 213:217 arg1 objective 195:203 The objective 191:203 The objective of this study 191:217 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 3 13 theme experimental 1098:1109 arg1 rats 1111:1114 experimental rats 1098:1114 experimental rats 1098:1114 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 2 14 theme AIN-93 937:942 arg1 diets 944:948 modified AIN-93 diets 928:948 modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS 928:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 0 15 theme fibre 168:172 arg1 types 151:155 different types 141:155 different types of dietary fibre in rats 141:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 5 16 with comparison 1326:1335 arg1 PTE 1342:1344 PTE 1342:1344 PTE 1342:1344 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 6 17 theme physiological 1524:1536 arg1 effect 1538:1543 the physiological effect 1520:1543 the physiological effect of FOS 1520:1550 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 1 18 from effects 420:426 arg1 tract 452:456 the gastrointestinal tract 431:456 the gastrointestinal tract 431:456 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 18 from effects 420:426 arg1 composition 475:485 the composition 471:485 the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 471:544 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 2 19 theme 8-week-old 871:880 arg1 rats 882:885 8-week-old rats 871:885 8-week-old rats 871:885 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 % 603:603 5.1% 600:603 5.1% of ellagic acid 600:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 % 625:625 0.2% 622:625 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part 622:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 extract 710:716 water-alcohol extract 696:716 water-alcohol extract (PTE) 696:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 acid 616:619 ellagic acid 608:619 ellagic acid 608:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 20 theme proanthocyanidins 630:646 arg1 carbohydrates 661:673 soluble carbohydrates 653:673 soluble carbohydrates as a major part 653:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 0 21 theme physiological 89:101 arg1 properties 103:112 physiological properties 89:112 physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats 89:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 7 22 theme PTE 1706:1708 arg1 preparation 1710:1720 the PTE preparation 1702:1720 the PTE preparation 1702:1720 Such an effect was not recorded in the case of the PTE preparation. 23846557 1 23 dep methods 333:339 arg1 one 390:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 23 dep methods 333:339 arg1 water 360:364 the water 356:364 the water 356:364 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 23 dep methods 333:339 arg1 methods 333:339 two methods 329:339 two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 329:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 5 24 theme 71.4 1478:1481 arg1 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW) 1463:1496 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 24 theme 71.4 1478:1481 arg1 BW 1494:1495 86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW 1469:1495 BW 1494:1495 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 8 25 theme extracts 1769:1776 arg1 addition 1739:1746 The addition 1735:1746 The addition of strawberry pomace extracts 1735:1776 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 2 26 theme % 843:843 arg1 quantity 827:834 the equivalent quantity 812:834 the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid 812:859 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 4 27 from activity 1175:1182 arg1 digesta 1213:1219 caecal digesta 1206:1219 caecal digesta 1206:1219 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 % 603:603 5.1% 600:603 5.1% of ellagic acid 600:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 % 625:625 0.2% 622:625 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part 622:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 extract 710:716 water-alcohol extract 696:716 water-alcohol extract (PTE) 696:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 acid 616:619 ellagic acid 608:619 ellagic acid 608:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 28 theme carbohydrates 661:673 arg1 carbohydrates 661:673 soluble carbohydrates 653:673 soluble carbohydrates as a major part 653:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 5 29 theme g 1492:1492 arg1 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW) 1463:1496 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 29 theme g 1492:1492 arg1 BW 1494:1495 86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW 1469:1495 BW 1494:1495 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 0 30 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of polyphenols 0:34 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 2 31 theme ellagic 848:854 arg1 acid 856:859 ellagic acid 848:859 ellagic acid 848:859 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 5 32 theme PTW 1351:1353 arg1 extract 1355:1361 the PTW extract 1347:1361 the PTW extract 1347:1361 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 33 theme SCFA 1463:1466 arg1 mass 1406:1409 the caecal digesta mass 1387:1409 the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) 1387:1433 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 33 theme SCFA 1463:1466 arg1 production 1449:1458 the total production 1439:1458 the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW) 1439:1496 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 33 theme SCFA 1463:1466 arg1 BW 1431:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 1 34 theme industrial 295:304 arg1 pomace 317:322 industrial strawberry pomace 295:322 industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 295:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 8 35 theme products 1867:1874 arg1 enzymes 1811:1817 certain enzymes 1803:1817 certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products 1803:1874 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 0 36 from rats 177:180 arg1 types 151:155 different types 141:155 different types of dietary fibre in rats 141:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 0 36 from rats 177:180 arg1 fibre 168:172 fibre 168:172 fibre 168:172 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 1 37 dep PURPOSE 183:189 arg1 was 219:221 was 219:221 was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 219:544 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 5 38 theme 86.1 1469:1472 arg1 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW) 1463:1496 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 38 theme 86.1 1469:1472 arg1 BW 1494:1495 86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW 1469:1495 BW 1494:1495 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 8 39 theme enzymes 1811:1817 arg1 activity 1791:1798 the activity 1787:1798 the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products 1787:1874 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 6 40 dep inhibiting 1555:1564 arg1 increasing 1599:1608 increasing 1599:1608 increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production 1599:1652 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 1 41 theme fibre-cellulose 498:512 arg1 composition 475:485 the composition 471:485 the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 471:544 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 0 42 theme strawberry 51:60 arg1 pomace 62:67 strawberry pomace 51:67 strawberry pomace 51:67 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 1 43 theme fructooligosaccharides 517:538 arg1 composition 475:485 the composition 471:485 the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 471:544 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 3 44 theme pomace 1020:1025 arg1 extracts 1027:1034 strawberry pomace extracts 1009:1034 strawberry pomace extracts 1009:1034 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 6 45 theme digesta 1621:1627 arg1 mass 1629:1632 the caecal digesta mass 1610:1632 the caecal digesta mass 1610:1632 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 2 46 theme proanthocyanidins 771:787 arg1 % 740:740 17.1% 736:740 17.1% of ellagic acid 736:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 46 theme proanthocyanidins 771:787 arg1 acid 753:756 ellagic acid 745:756 ellagic acid 745:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 46 theme proanthocyanidins 771:787 arg1 % 766:766 10.9% 762:766 10.9% of proanthocyanidins 762:787 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 46 theme proanthocyanidins 771:787 arg1 proanthocyanidins 771:787 proanthocyanidins 771:787 proanthocyanidins 771:787 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 0 47 from fibre 168:172 arg1 rats 177:180 rats 177:180 rats 177:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 2 48 dep 4- 865:866 arg1 animals 890:896 8 animals 888:896 8 animals per group 888:906 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 1 49 theme gastrointestinal 435:450 arg1 tract 452:456 the gastrointestinal tract 431:456 the gastrointestinal tract 431:456 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 50 theme polyphenolic 255:266 arg1 preparations 268:279 polyphenolic preparations 255:279 polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 255:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 2 51 dep METHODS 547:553 arg1 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 51 dep METHODS 547:553 arg1 extract 574:580 Freeze-dried water extract 555:580 Freeze-dried water extract (PTW) 555:586 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 1 52 with pomace 317:322 arg1 one 390:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 52 with pomace 317:322 arg1 water 360:364 the water 356:364 the water 356:364 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 52 with pomace 317:322 arg1 methods 333:339 two methods 329:339 two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 329:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 2 53 theme equivalent 816:825 arg1 quantity 827:834 the equivalent quantity 812:834 the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid 812:859 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 5 54 theme digesta 1398:1404 arg1 mass 1406:1409 the caecal digesta mass 1387:1409 the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) 1387:1433 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 54 theme digesta 1398:1404 arg1 BW 1431:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 3 55 theme diet 1064:1067 arg1 intake 1069:1074 the diet intake 1060:1074 the diet intake 1060:1074 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 3 56 contain had 1036:1038 arg1 addition 997:1004 The addition 993:1004 The addition of strawberry pomace extracts 993:1034 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 3 56 contain had 1036:1038 arg2 effect 1043:1048 no effect 1040:1048 no effect 1040:1048 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 2 57 theme ellagic 608:614 arg1 acid 616:619 ellagic acid 608:619 ellagic acid 608:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 58 theme ellagic 745:751 arg1 acid 753:756 ellagic acid 745:756 ellagic acid 745:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 3 59 theme body 1083:1086 arg1 weight 1088:1093 the body weight 1079:1093 the body weight 1079:1093 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 2 60 theme water 568:572 arg1 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 60 theme water 568:572 arg1 extract 574:580 Freeze-dried water extract 555:580 Freeze-dried water extract (PTW) 555:586 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 5 61 theme k/kg 1426:1429 arg1 mass 1406:1409 the caecal digesta mass 1387:1409 the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) 1387:1433 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 61 theme k/kg 1426:1429 arg1 BW 1431:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW 1412:1432 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 4 62 dep = 1313:1313 arg1 μmol/h/g 1301:1308 7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g 1287:1308 7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g 1287:1308 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 8 63 dep CONCLUSIONS 1723:1733 arg1 affected 1778:1785 affected 1778:1785 affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products 1778:1874 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 3 64 theme rats 1111:1114 arg1 weight 1088:1093 the body weight 1079:1093 the body weight 1079:1093 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 3 64 theme rats 1111:1114 arg1 intake 1069:1074 the diet intake 1060:1074 the diet intake 1060:1074 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 2 65 theme diets 944:948 arg1 METHODS 547:553 METHODS 547:553 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE) 547:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 65 theme diets 944:948 arg1 component 915:923 a component 913:923 a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS 913:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 66 theme major 680:684 arg1 part 686:689 a major part 678:689 a major part 678:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg1 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 PTW 583:585 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 carbohydrates 661:673 soluble carbohydrates 653:673 soluble carbohydrates as a major part 653:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 extract 710:716 water-alcohol extract 696:716 water-alcohol extract (PTE) 696:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 % 603:603 5.1% 600:603 5.1% of ellagic acid 600:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 % 625:625 0.2% 622:625 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part 622:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 acid 616:619 ellagic acid 608:619 ellagic acid 608:619 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg1 extract 574:580 Freeze-dried water extract 555:580 Freeze-dried water extract (PTW) 555:586 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 67 contain containing 589:598 arg2 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 proanthocyanidins 630:646 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 4 68 theme PTW 1231:1233 arg1 effect 1235:1240 the PTW effect 1227:1240 the PTW effect 1227:1240 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 4 68 theme PTW 1231:1233 arg1 higher 1262:1267 higher 1262:1267 higher 1262:1267 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 2 69 contain containing 950:959 arg2 FOS 980:982 FOS 980:982 FOS 980:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 69 contain containing 950:959 arg2 % 962:962 5% 961:962 5% of cellulose or FOS 961:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 69 contain containing 950:959 arg2 cellulose 967:975 cellulose 967:975 cellulose 967:975 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 69 contain containing 950:959 arg1 diets 944:948 modified AIN-93 diets 928:948 modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS 928:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 70 theme modified 928:935 arg1 diets 944:948 modified AIN-93 diets 928:948 modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS 928:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 3 71 dep RESULTS 985:991 arg1 had 1036:1038 had 1036:1038 had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats 1036:1114 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 2 72 theme water-alcohol 696:708 arg1 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 PTE 719:721 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 72 theme water-alcohol 696:708 arg1 extract 710:716 water-alcohol extract 696:716 water-alcohol extract (PTE) 696:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 6 73 theme SCFA 1638:1641 arg1 production 1643:1652 SCFA production 1638:1652 SCFA production 1638:1652 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 8 74 theme strawberry 1751:1760 arg1 extracts 1769:1776 strawberry pomace extracts 1751:1776 strawberry pomace extracts 1751:1776 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 1 75 theme extraction 344:353 arg1 one 390:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 75 theme extraction 344:353 arg1 water 360:364 the water 356:364 the water 356:364 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 75 theme extraction 344:353 arg1 methods 333:339 two methods 329:339 two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 329:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 7 76 theme preparation 1710:1720 arg1 case 1694:1697 the case 1690:1697 the case of the PTE preparation 1690:1720 Such an effect was not recorded in the case of the PTE preparation. 23846557 8 77 theme pomace 1762:1767 arg1 extracts 1769:1776 strawberry pomace extracts 1751:1776 strawberry pomace extracts 1751:1776 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 0 78 from pomace 62:67 arg1 properties 103:112 physiological properties 89:112 physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats 89:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 0 79 theme diets 117:121 arg1 properties 103:112 physiological properties 89:112 physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats 89:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 8 80 theme intestinal 1822:1831 arg1 microflora 1833:1842 intestinal microflora 1822:1842 intestinal microflora 1822:1842 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 5 81 theme μmol/100 1483:1490 arg1 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA 1463:1466 SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW) 1463:1496 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 5 81 theme μmol/100 1483:1490 arg1 BW 1494:1495 86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW 1469:1495 BW 1494:1495 In comparison with PTE, the PTW extract significantly increased the caecal digesta mass (1.45 vs. 1.27 k/kg BW) and the total production of SCFA (86.1 vs. 71.4 μmol/100 g BW). 23846557 1 82 theme water-alcoholic 374:388 arg1 one 390:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 the water-alcoholic one 370:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 1 82 theme water-alcoholic 374:388 arg1 methods 333:339 two methods 329:339 two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 329:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 8 83 theme important 1857:1865 arg1 products 1867:1874 its most important products 1848:1874 its most important products 1848:1874 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 2 84 theme acid 856:859 arg1 % 843:843 0.06% 839:843 0.06% of ellagic acid 839:859 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 84 theme acid 856:859 arg1 acid 856:859 ellagic acid 848:859 ellagic acid 848:859 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 85 theme soluble 653:659 arg1 carbohydrates 661:673 soluble carbohydrates 653:673 soluble carbohydrates as a major part 653:689 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 0 86 theme polyphenols 24:34 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of polyphenols 0:34 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 1 87 theme strawberry 306:315 arg1 pomace 317:322 industrial strawberry pomace 295:322 industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one 295:392 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 2 88 contain containing 725:734 arg1 component 915:923 a component 913:923 a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS 913:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 88 contain containing 725:734 arg2 % 740:740 17.1% 736:740 17.1% of ellagic acid 736:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 88 contain containing 725:734 arg2 acid 753:756 ellagic acid 745:756 ellagic acid 745:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 88 contain containing 725:734 arg1 METHODS 547:553 METHODS 547:553 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE) 547:722 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 88 contain containing 725:734 arg2 % 766:766 10.9% 762:766 10.9% of proanthocyanidins 762:787 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 88 contain containing 725:734 arg2 proanthocyanidins 771:787 proanthocyanidins 771:787 proanthocyanidins 771:787 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 1 89 theme dietary 490:496 arg1 fibre-cellulose 498:512 dietary fibre-cellulose 490:512 dietary fibre-cellulose 490:512 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish the composition of polyphenolic preparations obtained from industrial strawberry pomace with two methods of extraction: the water and the water-alcoholic one and then to analyse their effects in the gastrointestinal tract depending on the composition of dietary fibre-cellulose or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). 23846557 8 90 theme microflora 1833:1842 arg1 enzymes 1811:1817 certain enzymes 1803:1817 certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products 1803:1874 CONCLUSIONS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts affected the activity of certain enzymes of intestinal microflora and its most important products. 23846557 3 91 theme extracts 1027:1034 arg1 addition 997:1004 The addition 993:1004 The addition of strawberry pomace extracts 993:1034 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 6 92 theme FOS 1548:1550 arg1 effect 1538:1543 the physiological effect 1520:1543 the physiological effect of FOS 1520:1550 The extract enhanced the physiological effect of FOS by inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase, increasing the caecal digesta mass and SCFA production. 23846557 3 93 theme strawberry 1009:1018 arg1 extracts 1027:1034 strawberry pomace extracts 1009:1034 strawberry pomace extracts 1009:1034 RESULTS The addition of strawberry pomace extracts had no effect on either the diet intake or the body weight of experimental rats. 23846557 0 94 from types 151:155 arg1 rats 177:180 rats 177:180 rats 177:180 Chemical composition of polyphenols extracted from strawberry pomace and their effect on physiological properties of diets supplemented with different types of dietary fibre in rats. 23846557 2 95 theme FOS 980:982 arg1 % 962:962 5% 961:962 5% of cellulose or FOS 961:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 95 theme FOS 980:982 arg1 FOS 980:982 FOS 980:982 FOS 980:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 95 theme FOS 980:982 arg1 cellulose 967:975 cellulose 967:975 cellulose 967:975 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 96 theme acid 753:756 arg1 % 740:740 17.1% 736:740 17.1% of ellagic acid 736:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 96 theme acid 753:756 arg1 acid 753:756 ellagic acid 745:756 ellagic acid 745:756 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 96 theme acid 753:756 arg1 % 766:766 10.9% 762:766 10.9% of proanthocyanidins 762:787 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 96 theme acid 753:756 arg1 proanthocyanidins 771:787 proanthocyanidins 771:787 proanthocyanidins 771:787 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 4 97 theme caecal 1206:1211 arg1 digesta 1213:1219 caecal digesta 1206:1219 caecal digesta 1206:1219 Both extracts, similarly to FOS, beneficially reduced the activity of β-glucuronidase in caecal digesta, with the PTW effect being significantly higher than that of PTE (7.59 vs. 9.20 μmol/h/g, P = 0.001). 23846557 2 98 theme cellulose 967:975 arg1 % 962:962 5% 961:962 5% of cellulose or FOS 961:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 98 theme cellulose 967:975 arg1 FOS 980:982 FOS 980:982 FOS 980:982 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 23846557 2 98 theme cellulose 967:975 arg1 cellulose 967:975 cellulose 967:975 cellulose 967:975 METHODS Freeze-dried water extract (PTW), containing 5.1% of ellagic acid, 0.2% of proanthocyanidins, and soluble carbohydrates as a major part, and water-alcohol extract (PTE), containing 17.1% of ellagic acid and 10.9% of proanthocyanidins, were administered, in the equivalent quantity of 0.06% of ellagic acid, to 4- to 8-week-old rats (8 animals per group), as a component of modified AIN-93 diets containing 5% of cellulose or FOS. 26005147 3 0 theme segment 704:710 arg1 weight 686:691 controlled molecular weight 665:691 controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment 665:710 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 7 1 theme segment 1270:1276 arg1 length 1242:1247 the chain length 1232:1247 the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment 1232:1276 It suggests that the properties of biocomposite materials can be tailored by adjusting the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 6 2 theme maximum 1016:1022 arg1 temperature 1036:1046 maximum degradation temperature 1016:1046 maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites 1016:1068 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 0 3 theme -based 60:65 arg1 copolymers 67:76 poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers 43:76 poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers 43:76 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 4 4 from Fourier 771:777 arg1 results 717:723 The results 713:723 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) 713:816 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 5 5 theme resultant 912:920 arg1 biocomposite 922:933 The resultant biocomposite 908:933 The resultant biocomposite 908:933 The resultant biocomposite could form a transparent and uniform film after casting. 26005147 1 6 theme cationic 264:271 arg1 copolymers 273:282 cationic copolymers 264:282 cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA) 264:378 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 1 6 theme cationic 264:271 arg1 PLA-b-PDMAEMA 365:377 PLA-b-PDMAEMA 365:377 PLA-b-PDMAEMA 365:377 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 0 7 theme carboxymethyl 82:94 arg1 cellulose 96:104 carboxymethyl cellulose 82:104 carboxymethyl cellulose 82:104 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 4 8 theme CMC 894:896 arg1 networks 898:905 anionic CMC networks 886:905 anionic CMC networks 886:905 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 3 9 theme molecular 676:684 arg1 weight 686:691 controlled molecular weight 665:691 controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment 665:710 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 5 10 theme transparent 948:958 arg1 film 972:975 a transparent and uniform film 946:975 a transparent and uniform film 946:975 The resultant biocomposite could form a transparent and uniform film after casting. 26005147 4 11 theme anionic 886:892 arg1 networks 898:905 anionic CMC networks 886:905 anionic CMC networks 886:905 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 6 12 theme storage 997:1003 arg1 moduli 1005:1010 storage moduli 997:1010 storage moduli 997:1010 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 6 13 theme molecular 1107:1115 arg1 weight 1117:1122 molecular weight 1107:1122 molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments 1107:1142 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 1 14 with Biocomposites 126:138 arg1 properties 153:162 tunable properties 145:162 tunable properties 145:162 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 3 15 dep NMR 568:570 arg1 1 564:564 1 564:564 1 564:564 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 4 16 theme copolymer 863:871 arg1 micelles 873:880 quaternized copolymer micelles 851:880 quaternized copolymer micelles 851:880 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 4 17 from microscopy 750:759 arg1 results 717:723 The results 713:723 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) 713:816 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 4 18 theme electronic 739:748 arg1 microscopy 750:759 scanning electronic microscopy 730:759 scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) 730:765 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 4 18 theme electronic 739:748 arg1 SEM 762:764 SEM 762:764 SEM 762:764 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 2 19 theme PDMAEMA 397:403 arg1 segment 405:411 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment 381:411 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment 381:411 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 2 19 theme PDMAEMA 397:403 arg1 lubricant 512:520 lubricant 512:520 lubricant 512:520 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 2 20 theme hydrophilic 456:466 arg1 CMC 468:470 hydrophilic CMC 456:470 hydrophilic CMC 456:470 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 4 21 theme quaternized 851:861 arg1 micelles 873:880 quaternized copolymer micelles 851:880 quaternized copolymer micelles 851:880 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 0 22 dep -based 60:65 arg1 acid 55:58 lactic acid 48:58 lactic acid 48:58 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 1 23 theme ionic 199:203 arg1 assembly 205:212 ionic assembly 199:212 ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA) 199:378 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 7 24 theme materials 1193:1201 arg1 properties 1166:1175 the properties 1162:1175 the properties of biocomposite materials 1162:1201 It suggests that the properties of biocomposite materials can be tailored by adjusting the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 4 25 theme scanning 730:737 arg1 microscopy 750:759 scanning electronic microscopy 730:759 scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) 730:765 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 4 25 theme scanning 730:737 arg1 SEM 762:764 SEM 762:764 SEM 762:764 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 5 26 theme uniform 964:970 arg1 film 972:975 a transparent and uniform film 946:975 a transparent and uniform film 946:975 The resultant biocomposite could form a transparent and uniform film after casting. 26005147 0 27 theme tunable 19:25 arg1 properties 27:36 tunable properties 19:36 tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose 19:104 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 0 28 theme ionic 110:114 arg1 assembly 116:123 ionic assembly 110:123 ionic assembly 110:123 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 0 29 from copolymers 67:76 arg1 properties 27:36 tunable properties 19:36 tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose 19:104 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 6 30 theme weight 1117:1122 arg1 reduction 1094:1102 the reduction 1090:1102 the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments 1090:1142 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 6 31 theme segments 1135:1142 arg1 weight 1117:1122 molecular weight 1107:1122 molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments 1107:1142 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 2 32 theme rigid 540:544 arg1 biopolymers 546:556 these two rigid biopolymers 530:556 these two rigid biopolymers 530:556 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 2 33 theme quaternized 385:395 arg1 segment 405:411 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment 381:411 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment 381:411 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 2 33 theme quaternized 385:395 arg1 lubricant 512:520 lubricant 512:520 lubricant 512:520 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 1 34 theme anionic 222:228 arg1 CMC 255:257 anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 222:258 anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 222:258 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 6 35 theme PLA/CMC 1051:1057 arg1 composites 1059:1068 PLA/CMC composites 1051:1068 PLA/CMC composites 1051:1068 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 7 36 theme biocomposite 1180:1191 arg1 materials 1193:1201 biocomposite materials 1180:1201 biocomposite materials 1180:1201 It suggests that the properties of biocomposite materials can be tailored by adjusting the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 37 theme nuclear 573:579 arg1 resonance 590:598 nuclear magnetic resonance 573:598 nuclear magnetic resonance 573:598 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 37 theme nuclear 573:579 arg1 NMR 568:570 (1)H NMR 563:570 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra 559:607 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 1 38 theme carboxymethyl 230:242 arg1 CMC 255:257 anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 222:258 anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 222:258 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 2 39 theme hydrophobic 476:486 arg1 PLA 488:490 hydrophobic PLA 476:490 hydrophobic PLA 476:490 The quaternized PDMAEMA segment not only works as a compatibilizer between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PLA, but also acts as a lubricant between these two rigid biopolymers. 26005147 1 40 theme -block-poly 312:322 arg1 N 324:324 quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N 285:324 quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N 285:324 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 1 40 theme -block-poly 312:322 arg1 methacrylate 350:361 N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate 326:361 N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate 326:361 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 3 41 theme successful 622:631 arg1 synthesis 633:641 successful synthesis 622:641 successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA 622:658 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 42 theme H 566:566 arg1 resonance 590:598 nuclear magnetic resonance 573:598 nuclear magnetic resonance 573:598 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 42 theme H 566:566 arg1 NMR 568:570 (1)H NMR 563:570 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra 559:607 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 43 theme PDMAEMA 696:702 arg1 segment 704:710 PDMAEMA segment 696:710 PDMAEMA segment 696:710 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 1 44 dep copolymers 273:282 arg1 N 324:324 quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N 285:324 quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N 285:324 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 1 44 dep copolymers 273:282 arg1 methacrylate 350:361 N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate 326:361 N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate 326:361 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 3 45 theme NMR 568:570 arg1 spectra 601:607 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra 559:607 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra 559:607 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 7 46 theme chain 1236:1240 arg1 length 1242:1247 the chain length 1232:1247 the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment 1232:1276 It suggests that the properties of biocomposite materials can be tailored by adjusting the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 0 47 from cellulose 96:104 arg1 properties 27:36 tunable properties 19:36 tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose 19:104 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 1 48 theme cellulose 244:252 arg1 CMC 255:257 anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 222:258 anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 222:258 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 3 49 theme PLA-b-PDMAEMA 646:658 arg1 synthesis 633:641 successful synthesis 622:641 successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA 622:658 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 6 50 theme PDMAEMA 1127:1133 arg1 segments 1135:1142 PDMAEMA segments 1127:1142 PDMAEMA segments 1127:1142 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 7 51 theme inclusive 1252:1260 arg1 segment 1270:1276 inclusive PDMAEMA segment 1252:1276 inclusive PDMAEMA segment 1252:1276 It suggests that the properties of biocomposite materials can be tailored by adjusting the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 6 52 theme composites 1059:1068 arg1 temperature 1036:1046 maximum degradation temperature 1016:1046 maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites 1016:1068 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 6 52 theme composites 1059:1068 arg1 moduli 1005:1010 storage moduli 997:1010 storage moduli 997:1010 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 3 53 theme magnetic 581:588 arg1 resonance 590:598 nuclear magnetic resonance 573:598 nuclear magnetic resonance 573:598 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 53 theme magnetic 581:588 arg1 NMR 568:570 (1)H NMR 563:570 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra 559:607 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 4 54 dep Fourier 771:777 arg1 transform 779:787 transform 779:787 transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) 779:816 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 26005147 7 55 theme PDMAEMA 1262:1268 arg1 segment 1270:1276 inclusive PDMAEMA segment 1252:1276 inclusive PDMAEMA segment 1252:1276 It suggests that the properties of biocomposite materials can be tailored by adjusting the chain length of inclusive PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 3 56 theme controlled 665:674 arg1 weight 686:691 controlled molecular weight 665:691 controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment 665:710 The (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra demonstrated successful synthesis of PLA-b-PDMAEMA with controlled molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment. 26005147 0 57 theme lactic 48:53 arg1 acid 55:58 lactic acid 48:58 lactic acid 48:58 Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. 26005147 1 58 theme N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl 326:348 arg1 N 324:324 quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N 285:324 quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N 285:324 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 1 58 theme N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl 326:348 arg1 methacrylate 350:361 N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate 326:361 N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate 326:361 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 6 59 theme degradation 1024:1034 arg1 temperature 1036:1046 maximum degradation temperature 1016:1046 maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites 1016:1068 Both storage moduli and maximum degradation temperature of PLA/CMC composites were increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segments. 26005147 1 60 theme tunable 145:151 arg1 properties 153:162 tunable properties 145:162 tunable properties 145:162 Biocomposites with tunable properties were successfully prepared through ionic assembly between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cationic copolymers (quaternized poly(l-lactide)-block-poly N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (PLA-b-PDMAEMA). 26005147 4 61 dep transform 779:787 arg1 infrared 789:796 infrared 789:796 transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) 779:816 The results from scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the interaction between quaternized copolymer micelles and anionic CMC networks. 28629070 0 0 theme tissue 96:101 arg1 engineering 103:113 cartilage tissue engineering 86:113 cartilage tissue engineering 86:113 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 8 1 theme artificial 1141:1150 arg1 nanofiber 1090:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 1 theme artificial 1141:1150 arg1 cartilage 1152:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 0 2 theme cartilage 86:94 arg1 engineering 103:113 cartilage tissue engineering 86:113 cartilage tissue engineering 86:113 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 5 3 theme mechanical 684:693 arg1 properties 695:704 the mechanical properties 680:704 the mechanical properties of nanofibers 680:718 The tensile strength experiments revealed that the incorporation of GO increased the mechanical properties of nanofibers. 28629070 7 4 theme cells 990:994 arg1 growth 974:979 the growth 970:979 the growth of ATDC5 cells 970:994 The obtained results revealed that the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) is found to deliver the most appropriate environment for the growth of ATDC5 cells when compared with chitosan/PVA/GO (4wt%) and chitosan/PVA. 28629070 4 5 theme spectra 535:541 arg1 results 518:524 the results 514:524 the results of raman spectra 514:541 Additionally, the results of raman spectra confirmed the existence of GO sheets in the nanofibers. 28629070 6 6 theme chitosan/PVA/GO 759:773 arg1 biocompatibilities 733:750 Further the biocompatibilities 721:750 Further the biocompatibilities of the chitosan/PVA/GO towards ATDC5 cells 721:793 Further the biocompatibilities of the chitosan/PVA/GO towards ATDC5 cells was studied in a cell proliferation assay after day 14. 28629070 3 7 theme FESEM 354:358 arg1 images 360:365 FESEM images 354:365 FESEM images 354:365 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 8 8 theme chitosan/PVA/GO 1067:1081 arg1 nanofiber 1090:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 8 theme chitosan/PVA/GO 1067:1081 arg1 cartilage 1152:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 8 theme chitosan/PVA/GO 1067:1081 arg1 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 7 9 theme ATDC5 984:988 arg1 cells 990:994 ATDC5 cells 984:994 ATDC5 cells 984:994 The obtained results revealed that the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) is found to deliver the most appropriate environment for the growth of ATDC5 cells when compared with chitosan/PVA/GO (4wt%) and chitosan/PVA. 28629070 1 10 theme PVA 160:162 arg1 oxide 174:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide 130:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 8 11 used used 1107:1110 arg2 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 11 used used 1107:1110 arg2 cartilage 1152:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 11 used used 1107:1110 arg2 nanofiber 1090:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 3 12 from distributions 394:406 arg1 nanofibers 444:453 the nanofibers 440:453 the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains 440:497 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 3 13 theme nanosheets 426:435 arg1 distributions 394:406 the uniform distributions 382:406 the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains 382:497 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 2 14 theme prepared 256:263 arg1 nanofibers 265:274 The prepared nanofibers 252:274 The prepared nanofibers 252:274 The prepared nanofibers were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. 28629070 8 15 dep possible 1115:1122 arg1 substitute 1124:1133 substitute 1124:1133 substitute 1124:1133 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 4 16 dep sheets 573:578 arg1 GO 570:571 GO 570:571 GO 570:571 Additionally, the results of raman spectra confirmed the existence of GO sheets in the nanofibers. 28629070 5 17 theme GO 667:668 arg1 incorporation 650:662 the incorporation 646:662 the incorporation of GO 646:668 The tensile strength experiments revealed that the incorporation of GO increased the mechanical properties of nanofibers. 28629070 2 18 theme spectroscopic 312:324 arg1 techniques 342:351 various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques 304:351 various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques 304:351 The prepared nanofibers were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. 28629070 1 19 theme /graphene 164:172 arg1 oxide 174:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide 130:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 5 20 theme tensile 603:609 arg1 experiments 620:630 The tensile strength experiments 599:630 The tensile strength experiments 599:630 The tensile strength experiments revealed that the incorporation of GO increased the mechanical properties of nanofibers. 28629070 2 21 theme various 304:310 arg1 techniques 342:351 various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques 304:351 various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques 304:351 The prepared nanofibers were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. 28629070 1 22 theme oxide 174:178 arg1 nanofibers 195:204 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 0 23 theme oxide 33:37 arg1 nanofiber 47:55 chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 15:55 chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 15:55 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 4 24 theme sheets 573:578 arg1 existence 557:565 the existence 553:565 the existence of GO sheets in the nanofibers 553:596 Additionally, the results of raman spectra confirmed the existence of GO sheets in the nanofibers. 28629070 5 25 theme strength 611:618 arg1 experiments 620:630 The tensile strength experiments 599:630 The tensile strength experiments 599:630 The tensile strength experiments revealed that the incorporation of GO increased the mechanical properties of nanofibers. 28629070 0 26 theme chitosan/graphene 15:31 arg1 nanofiber 47:55 chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 15:55 chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 15:55 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 8 27 theme % 1087:1087 arg1 nanofiber 1090:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 27 theme % 1087:1087 arg1 cartilage 1152:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 27 theme % 1087:1087 arg1 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 0 28 theme nanofiber 47:55 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 0:55 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 0 28 theme nanofiber 47:55 arg1 biocompatibility 65:80 its biocompatibility 61:80 its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering 61:113 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 0 29 theme polymer 39:45 arg1 nanofiber 47:55 chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 15:55 chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber 15:55 Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. 28629070 1 30 dep oxide 174:178 arg1 GO 181:182 GO 181:182 GO 181:182 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 6 31 theme cell 812:815 arg1 assay 831:835 a cell proliferation assay 810:835 a cell proliferation assay 810:835 Further the biocompatibilities of the chitosan/PVA/GO towards ATDC5 cells was studied in a cell proliferation assay after day 14. 28629070 1 32 theme composite 185:193 arg1 nanofibers 195:204 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 3 33 theme graphene 411:418 arg1 nanosheets 426:435 graphene oxide nanosheets 411:435 graphene oxide nanosheets 411:435 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 5 34 theme nanofibers 709:718 arg1 properties 695:704 the mechanical properties 680:704 the mechanical properties of nanofibers 680:718 The tensile strength experiments revealed that the incorporation of GO increased the mechanical properties of nanofibers. 28629070 7 35 theme obtained 855:862 arg1 results 864:870 The obtained results 851:870 The obtained results 851:870 The obtained results revealed that the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) is found to deliver the most appropriate environment for the growth of ATDC5 cells when compared with chitosan/PVA/GO (4wt%) and chitosan/PVA. 28629070 3 36 theme oxide 420:424 arg1 nanosheets 426:435 graphene oxide nanosheets 411:435 graphene oxide nanosheets 411:435 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 3 37 with nanofibers 444:453 arg1 self-assembly 460:472 self-assembly 460:472 self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains 460:497 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 8 38 theme 6wt 1084:1086 arg1 nanofiber 1090:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber 1063:1098 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 38 theme 6wt 1084:1086 arg1 cartilage 1152:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 an artificial cartilage 1138:1160 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 8 38 theme 6wt 1084:1086 arg1 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 possible 1115:1122 Hence, the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) nanofiber can be used as possible substitute as an artificial cartilage. 28629070 6 39 theme proliferation 817:829 arg1 assay 831:835 a cell proliferation assay 810:835 a cell proliferation assay 810:835 Further the biocompatibilities of the chitosan/PVA/GO towards ATDC5 cells was studied in a cell proliferation assay after day 14. 28629070 1 40 theme Chitosan/Poly 130:142 arg1 oxide 174:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide 130:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 7 41 theme appropriate 942:952 arg1 environment 954:964 the most appropriate environment 933:964 the most appropriate environment for the growth of ATDC5 cells 933:994 The obtained results revealed that the chitosan/PVA/GO (6wt%) is found to deliver the most appropriate environment for the growth of ATDC5 cells when compared with chitosan/PVA/GO (4wt%) and chitosan/PVA. 28629070 3 42 with self-assembly 460:472 arg1 chains 492:497 chitosan/PVA chains 479:497 chitosan/PVA chains 479:497 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 2 43 theme microscopic 330:340 arg1 techniques 342:351 various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques 304:351 various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques 304:351 The prepared nanofibers were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. 28629070 3 44 theme chitosan/PVA 479:490 arg1 chains 492:497 chitosan/PVA chains 479:497 chitosan/PVA chains 479:497 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 1 45 theme vinyl 144:148 arg1 oxide 174:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide 130:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28629070 4 46 from existence 557:565 arg1 nanofibers 587:596 the nanofibers 583:596 the nanofibers 583:596 Additionally, the results of raman spectra confirmed the existence of GO sheets in the nanofibers. 28629070 4 47 theme raman 529:533 arg1 spectra 535:541 raman spectra 529:541 raman spectra 529:541 Additionally, the results of raman spectra confirmed the existence of GO sheets in the nanofibers. 28629070 3 48 theme uniform 386:392 arg1 distributions 394:406 the uniform distributions 382:406 the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains 382:497 FESEM images have confirmed the uniform distributions of graphene oxide nanosheets in the nanofibers with self-assembly with chitosan/PVA chains. 28629070 6 49 theme ATDC5 783:787 arg1 cells 789:793 ATDC5 cells 783:793 ATDC5 cells 783:793 Further the biocompatibilities of the chitosan/PVA/GO towards ATDC5 cells was studied in a cell proliferation assay after day 14. 28629070 1 50 theme alcohol 150:156 arg1 oxide 174:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide 130:178 Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers 130:204 In this work, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. 28024531 0 0 theme lead 97:100 arg1 ions 102:105 lead ions 97:105 lead ions 97:105 Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites protects against toxicity induced by lead ions. 28024531 6 1 from effect 1060:1065 arg1 activation 1083:1092 Pb2+-induced activation 1070:1092 Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1070:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 4 2 theme PC12 681:684 arg1 viability 668:676 the cell viability 659:676 the cell viability of PC12 659:684 The MTT assay results showed that the cell viability of PC12 was remarkably decreased when exposed to Pb2+, but significantly retained after adding CS-OREC composites compared to that of the control. 28024531 5 3 from ability 923:929 arg1 part 910:913 part 910:913 part 910:913 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 6 4 theme inhibitory 1049:1058 arg1 effect 1060:1065 the inhibitory effect 1045:1065 the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1045:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 6 5 theme caspase-3 1118:1126 arg1 pathways 1128:1135 Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1097:1135 Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1097:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 2 6 theme chitosan-organic 288:303 arg1 composites 325:334 chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites 288:334 chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites 288:334 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 3 7 with combination 500:510 arg1 composites 525:534 CS-OREC composites 517:534 CS-OREC composites 517:534 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 4 8 theme CS-OREC 773:779 arg1 composites 781:790 CS-OREC composites 773:790 CS-OREC composites 773:790 The MTT assay results showed that the cell viability of PC12 was remarkably decreased when exposed to Pb2+, but significantly retained after adding CS-OREC composites compared to that of the control. 28024531 6 9 theme Pb2+-induced 1070:1081 arg1 activation 1083:1092 Pb2+-induced activation 1070:1092 Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1070:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 6 10 theme Bax/Bcl-2 1097:1105 arg1 pathways 1128:1135 Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1097:1135 Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1097:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 3 11 dep Pb2+ 476:479 arg1 either 481:486 either 481:486 either 481:486 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 3 11 dep Pb2+ 476:479 arg1 combination 500:510 combination 500:510 combination with CS-OREC composites 500:534 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 5 12 theme CS-OREC 850:856 arg1 composites 858:867 CS-OREC composites 850:867 CS-OREC composites 850:867 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 2 13 theme PC12 410:413 arg1 cells 415:419 PC12 cells 410:419 PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+) 410:447 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 3 14 theme CS-OREC 517:523 arg1 composites 525:534 CS-OREC composites 517:534 CS-OREC composites 517:534 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 1 15 theme toxic 179:183 arg1 metals 191:196 toxic heavy metals 179:196 toxic heavy metals 179:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 2 16 from effects 361:367 arg1 parameter 397:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 2 16 from effects 361:367 arg1 cells 415:419 PC12 cells 410:419 PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+) 410:447 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 1 17 theme heavy 185:189 arg1 metals 191:196 toxic heavy metals 179:196 toxic heavy metals 179:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 2 18 theme CS-OREC 316:322 arg1 composites 325:334 chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites 288:334 chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites 288:334 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 2 19 theme stress 390:395 arg1 parameter 397:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 0 20 theme chitosan-layered 23:38 arg1 composites 49:58 nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 12:58 nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 12:58 Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites protects against toxicity induced by lead ions. 28024531 5 21 theme PC12 963:966 arg1 cells 968:972 PC12 cells 963:972 PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+ 963:993 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 3 22 theme designated 540:549 arg1 time 551:554 designated time 540:554 designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity 540:622 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 3 23 from efficacy 572:579 arg1 toxicity 615:622 Pb2+-induced toxicity 602:622 Pb2+-induced toxicity 602:622 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 2 24 theme lead 432:435 arg1 Pb2+ 443:446 Pb2+ 443:446 Pb2+ 443:446 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 2 24 theme lead 432:435 arg1 ions 437:440 lead ions 432:440 lead ions (Pb2+) 432:447 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 0 25 theme nano-sized 12:21 arg1 composites 49:58 nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 12:58 nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 12:58 Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites protects against toxicity induced by lead ions. 28024531 6 26 theme pathways 1128:1135 arg1 activation 1083:1092 Pb2+-induced activation 1070:1092 Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1070:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 2 27 theme rectorite 305:313 arg1 composites 325:334 chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites 288:334 chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites 288:334 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 6 28 theme protective 1002:1011 arg1 effect 1013:1018 Their protective effect 996:1018 Their protective effect 996:1018 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 0 29 theme composites 49:58 arg1 Presence 0:7 Presence 0:7 Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 0:58 Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites protects against toxicity induced by lead ions. 28024531 1 30 theme metals 191:196 arg1 metals 191:196 toxic heavy metals 179:196 toxic heavy metals 179:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 1 30 theme metals 191:196 arg1 variety 168:174 a variety 166:174 a variety of toxic heavy metals 166:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 4 31 theme assay 633:637 arg1 results 639:645 The MTT assay results 625:645 The MTT assay results 625:645 The MTT assay results showed that the cell viability of PC12 was remarkably decreased when exposed to Pb2+, but significantly retained after adding CS-OREC composites compared to that of the control. 28024531 0 32 theme silicate 40:47 arg1 composites 49:58 nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 12:58 nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites 12:58 Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites protects against toxicity induced by lead ions. 28024531 5 33 theme beneficial 829:838 arg1 related 889:895 related 889:895 related 889:895 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 5 33 theme beneficial 829:838 arg1 effect 840:845 The beneficial effect 825:845 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity 825:883 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 1 34 theme more 217:220 arg1 attentions 231:240 more and more attentions 217:240 more and more attentions 217:240 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 5 35 theme 50μM 985:988 arg1 Pb2+ 990:993 50μM Pb2+ 985:993 50μM Pb2+ 985:993 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 2 36 theme protective 350:359 arg1 effects 361:367 any protective effects 346:367 any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+) 346:447 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 6 37 theme P-38 1108:1111 arg1 pathways 1128:1135 Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1097:1135 Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways 1097:1135 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 1 38 theme toxicosis 130:138 arg1 apoptosis 145:153 toxicosis even apoptosis 130:153 toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals 130:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 3 39 theme Pb2+-induced 602:613 arg1 toxicity 615:622 Pb2+-induced toxicity 602:622 Pb2+-induced toxicity 602:622 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 1 40 dep drawn 211:215 arg1 Protecting 108:117 Protecting 108:117 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals 108:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 1 41 theme even 140:143 arg1 apoptosis 145:153 toxicosis even apoptosis 130:153 toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals 130:196 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 5 42 theme composites 858:867 arg1 related 889:895 related 889:895 related 889:895 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 5 42 theme composites 858:867 arg1 effect 840:845 The beneficial effect 825:845 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity 825:883 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 3 43 dep either 481:486 arg1 alone 488:492 alone 488:492 alone 488:492 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 6 44 theme JNK 1163:1165 arg1 pathway 1167:1173 JNK pathway 1163:1173 JNK pathway 1163:1173 Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway. 28024531 4 45 theme cell 663:666 arg1 viability 668:676 the cell viability 659:676 the cell viability of PC12 659:684 The MTT assay results showed that the cell viability of PC12 was remarkably decreased when exposed to Pb2+, but significantly retained after adding CS-OREC composites compared to that of the control. 28024531 1 46 theme more 226:229 arg1 attentions 231:240 more and more attentions 217:240 more and more attentions 217:240 Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. 28024531 4 47 theme MTT 629:631 arg1 results 639:645 The MTT assay results 625:645 The MTT assay results 625:645 The MTT assay results showed that the cell viability of PC12 was remarkably decreased when exposed to Pb2+, but significantly retained after adding CS-OREC composites compared to that of the control. 28024531 3 48 theme composites 588:597 arg1 efficacy 572:579 the efficacy 568:579 the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity 568:622 The cells were exposed to Pb2+ either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. 28024531 2 49 theme oxidative 380:388 arg1 parameter 397:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28024531 5 50 from effect 840:845 arg1 cytotoxicity 872:883 cytotoxicity 872:883 cytotoxicity 872:883 The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. 28024531 2 51 theme altered 372:378 arg1 parameter 397:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 altered oxidative stress parameter 372:405 This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). 28532064 0 0 theme aerosol 82:88 arg1 technique 90:98 a double novel aerosol technique 67:98 a double novel aerosol technique 67:98 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 1 1 theme cross 322:326 arg1 agent 336:340 cross linking agent 322:340 cross linking agent 322:340 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 10 2 theme gastric 1424:1430 arg1 environment 1432:1442 the gastric environment 1420:1442 the gastric environment 1420:1442 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 1 3 theme principal 159:167 arg1 bacteria 169:176 the principal bacteria 155:176 the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink 155:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 0 4 theme novel 76:80 arg1 technique 90:98 a double novel aerosol technique 67:98 a double novel aerosol technique 67:98 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 1 5 contain containing 122:131 arg1 beads 116:120 Alginate micro beads 101:120 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) 101:214 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 5 contain containing 122:131 arg2 kefiri 147:152 Lactobacillus kefiri 133:152 Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) 133:214 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 10 6 theme microcapsules 1398:1410 arg1 efficacy 1382:1389 the protective efficacy 1367:1389 the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment 1367:1442 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 6 7 from stability 875:883 arg1 conditions 898:907 different conditions 888:907 different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 888:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 0 8 from Encapsulation 0:12 arg1 microbeads 50:59 alginate microbeads 41:59 alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique 41:98 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 7 9 theme active 1096:1101 arg1 ingredient 1103:1112 active ingredient 1096:1112 active ingredient 1096:1112 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 6 10 theme chemical 850:857 arg1 composition 859:869 chemical composition 850:869 chemical composition 850:869 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 2 11 theme microbeads 494:503 arg1 permeability 473:484 permeability 473:484 permeability 473:484 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 2 11 theme microbeads 494:503 arg1 viscosity 459:467 viscosity 459:467 viscosity 459:467 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 2 11 theme microbeads 494:503 arg1 properties 447:456 the physic-chemical properties 427:456 the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads 427:503 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 6 12 theme different 888:896 arg1 conditions 898:907 different conditions 888:907 different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 888:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 2 13 dep properties 447:456 arg1 permeability 473:484 permeability 473:484 permeability 473:484 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 2 13 dep properties 447:456 arg1 viscosity 459:467 viscosity 459:467 viscosity 459:467 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 2 13 dep properties 447:456 arg1 properties 447:456 the physic-chemical properties 427:456 the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads 427:503 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 1 14 dep kefiri 147:152 arg1 bacteria 169:176 the principal bacteria 155:176 the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink 155:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 15 theme dual 260:263 arg1 aerosols 265:272 dual aerosols 260:272 dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent 260:340 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 8 16 theme aerosols 1158:1165 arg1 use 1142:1144 the use 1138:1144 the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent 1138:1224 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 6 17 theme loaded 784:789 arg1 microbeads 791:800 The loaded microbeads 780:800 The loaded microbeads 780:800 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 3 18 theme Calcium 506:512 arg1 biopolymers 535:545 biopolymers 535:545 biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems 535:604 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 3 18 theme Calcium 506:512 arg1 CMC 527:529 CMC 527:529 CMC 527:529 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 3 18 theme Calcium 506:512 arg1 alginate 514:521 Calcium alginate 506:521 Calcium alginate 506:521 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 8 19 theme based 1179:1183 arg1 solution 1185:1192 alginate based solution 1170:1192 alginate based solution 1170:1192 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 1 20 theme present 178:184 arg1 bacteria 169:176 the principal bacteria 155:176 the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink 155:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 8 21 theme double 1151:1156 arg1 aerosols 1158:1165 a double aerosols 1149:1165 a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 1149:1202 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 6 22 theme stability 875:883 arg1 terms 829:833 terms 829:833 terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 829:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 5 23 theme mucoadhesive 757:768 arg1 property 770:777 an excellent mucoadhesive property 744:777 an excellent mucoadhesive property 744:777 Calcium alginate and CMC have also been known to possess an excellent mucoadhesive property. 28532064 6 24 from morphology 838:847 arg1 conditions 898:907 different conditions 888:907 different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 888:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 8 25 theme alginate 1170:1177 arg1 solution 1185:1192 alginate based solution 1170:1192 alginate based solution 1170:1192 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 5 26 theme excellent 747:755 arg1 property 770:777 an excellent mucoadhesive property 744:777 an excellent mucoadhesive property 744:777 Calcium alginate and CMC have also been known to possess an excellent mucoadhesive property. 28532064 1 27 theme linking 328:334 arg1 agent 336:340 cross linking agent 322:340 cross linking agent 322:340 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 9 28 theme bacteria 1313:1320 arg1 viability 1322:1330 bacteria viability 1313:1330 bacteria viability 1313:1330 Moreover, the encapsulation process was proved to be effective and not detrimental to bacteria viability. 28532064 7 29 theme L. 1083:1084 arg1 kefiri 1086:1091 L. kefiri 1083:1091 L. kefiri 1083:1091 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 1 30 theme kefir 193:197 arg1 drink 209:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 0 31 theme kefiri 31:36 arg1 Encapsulation 0:12 Encapsulation 0:12 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 0:99 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 5 32 theme Calcium 687:693 arg1 alginate 695:702 Calcium alginate 687:702 Calcium alginate 687:702 Calcium alginate and CMC have also been known to possess an excellent mucoadhesive property. 28532064 8 33 theme solution 1185:1192 arg1 aerosols 1158:1165 a double aerosols 1149:1165 a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 1149:1202 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 1 34 theme Alginate 101:108 arg1 beads 116:120 Alginate micro beads 101:120 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) 101:214 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 35 theme probiotic 199:207 arg1 drink 209:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 0 36 theme Lactobacillus 17:29 arg1 kefiri 31:36 Lactobacillus kefiri 17:36 Lactobacillus kefiri 17:36 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 10 37 theme fasted 1466:1471 arg1 state 1473:1477 fasted state 1466:1477 fasted state 1466:1477 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 10 37 theme fasted 1466:1471 arg1 SGF 1455:1457 SGF pH1.2 1455:1463 SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) 1455:1478 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 6 38 theme composition 859:869 arg1 terms 829:833 terms 829:833 terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 829:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 1 39 theme micro 110:114 arg1 beads 116:120 Alginate micro beads 101:120 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) 101:214 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 0 40 theme alginate 41:48 arg1 microbeads 50:59 alginate microbeads 41:59 alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique 41:98 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 1 41 theme alginate 285:292 arg1 solution 300:307 alginate based solution 285:307 alginate based solution 285:307 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 42 attach present 178:184 arg2 bacteria 169:176 the principal bacteria 155:176 the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink 155:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 42 attach present 178:184 arg1 drink 209:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 43 theme based 294:298 arg1 solution 300:307 alginate based solution 285:307 alginate based solution 285:307 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 7 44 theme 50-70μm 1055:1061 arg1 size 1063:1066 50-70μm size 1055:1066 50-70μm size 1055:1066 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 6 45 from composition 859:869 arg1 conditions 898:907 different conditions 888:907 different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 888:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 2 46 theme physic-chemical 431:445 arg1 permeability 473:484 permeability 473:484 permeability 473:484 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 2 46 theme physic-chemical 431:445 arg1 viscosity 459:467 viscosity 459:467 viscosity 459:467 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 2 46 theme physic-chemical 431:445 arg1 properties 447:456 the physic-chemical properties 427:456 the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads 427:503 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. 28532064 6 47 theme morphology 838:847 arg1 terms 829:833 terms 829:833 terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 829:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 7 48 theme alginate 1021:1028 arg1 microbeads 1030:1039 alginate microbeads 1021:1039 alginate microbeads 1021:1039 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 3 49 used used 559:562 arg2 biopolymers 535:545 biopolymers 535:545 biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems 535:604 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 3 49 used used 559:562 arg2 CMC 527:529 CMC 527:529 CMC 527:529 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 3 49 used used 559:562 arg2 alginate 514:521 Calcium alginate 506:521 Calcium alginate 506:521 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 6 50 from terms 829:833 arg1 conditions 898:907 different conditions 888:907 different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 888:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 7 51 theme size 1063:1066 arg1 range 1046:1050 a range 1044:1050 a range of 50-70μm size 1044:1066 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 7 52 theme continuous 995:1004 arg1 fabrication 1006:1016 a continuous fabrication 993:1016 a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads 993:1039 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 8 53 theme CaCl2 1198:1202 arg1 aerosols 1158:1165 a double aerosols 1149:1165 a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 1149:1202 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 5 54 contain possess 736:742 arg1 alginate 695:702 Calcium alginate 687:702 Calcium alginate 687:702 Calcium alginate and CMC have also been known to possess an excellent mucoadhesive property. 28532064 5 54 contain possess 736:742 arg2 property 770:777 an excellent mucoadhesive property 744:777 an excellent mucoadhesive property 744:777 Calcium alginate and CMC have also been known to possess an excellent mucoadhesive property. 28532064 5 54 contain possess 736:742 arg1 CMC 708:710 CMC 708:710 CMC 708:710 Calcium alginate and CMC have also been known to possess an excellent mucoadhesive property. 28532064 10 55 theme protective 1371:1380 arg1 efficacy 1382:1389 the protective efficacy 1367:1389 the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment 1367:1442 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 7 56 theme microbeads 1030:1039 arg1 fabrication 1006:1016 a continuous fabrication 993:1016 a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads 993:1039 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 9 57 theme encapsulation 1241:1253 arg1 effective 1280:1288 effective 1280:1288 effective 1280:1288 Moreover, the encapsulation process was proved to be effective and not detrimental to bacteria viability. 28532064 9 57 theme encapsulation 1241:1253 arg1 process 1255:1261 the encapsulation process 1237:1261 the encapsulation process 1237:1261 Moreover, the encapsulation process was proved to be effective and not detrimental to bacteria viability. 28532064 1 58 from drink 209:213 arg1 present 178:184 present 178:184 present 178:184 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 1 59 theme Lactobacillus 133:145 arg1 kefiri 147:152 Lactobacillus kefiri 133:152 Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) 133:214 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 10 60 theme same 1340:1343 arg1 time 1345:1348 the same time 1336:1348 the same time 1336:1348 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 7 61 theme fabrication 1006:1016 arg1 feasibility 978:988 the feasibility 974:988 the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads 974:1039 In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous fabrication of alginate microbeads in a range of 50-70μm size, encapsulating L. kefiri as active ingredient. 28532064 8 62 theme crosslinking 1207:1218 arg1 agent 1220:1224 crosslinking agent 1207:1224 crosslinking agent 1207:1224 The technique involves the use of a double aerosols of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as crosslinking agent. 28532064 0 63 theme double 69:74 arg1 technique 90:98 a double novel aerosol technique 67:98 a double novel aerosol technique 67:98 Encapsulation of Lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique. 28532064 3 64 theme oral 579:582 arg1 systems 598:604 oral drug-delivery systems 579:604 oral drug-delivery systems 579:604 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 4 65 theme swelling 667:674 arg1 behaviour 676:684 a pH-dependent swelling behaviour 652:684 a pH-dependent swelling behaviour 652:684 These biopolymers have been reported to show a pH-dependent swelling behaviour. 28532064 10 66 theme feed 1491:1494 arg1 pH2.2 1484:1488 pH2.2 1484:1488 pH2.2 1484:1488 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 10 66 theme feed 1491:1494 arg1 state 1496:1500 feed state 1491:1500 feed state 1491:1500 At the same time, it was verified the protective efficacy of the microcapsules against the gastric environment using both SGF pH1.2 (fasted state) and pH2.2 (feed state). 28532064 6 67 from conditions 898:907 arg1 terms 829:833 terms 829:833 terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment 829:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 6 68 theme gastric 923:929 arg1 environment 931:941 the gastric environment 919:941 the gastric environment 919:941 The loaded microbeads have been characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition and stability in different conditions mimicking the gastric environment. 28532064 3 69 theme drug-delivery 584:596 arg1 systems 598:604 oral drug-delivery systems 579:604 oral drug-delivery systems 579:604 Calcium alginate and CMC are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems. 28532064 1 70 from present 178:184 arg1 drink 209:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 the kefir probiotic drink 189:213 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28532064 4 71 theme pH-dependent 654:665 arg1 behaviour 676:684 a pH-dependent swelling behaviour 652:684 a pH-dependent swelling behaviour 652:684 These biopolymers have been reported to show a pH-dependent swelling behaviour. 28532064 1 72 theme novel 235:239 arg1 technique 241:249 a novel technique 233:249 a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent 233:340 Alginate micro beads containing Lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and CaCl2 as cross linking agent. 28629082 0 0 theme matrix 83:88 arg1 properties 55:64 properties 55:64 properties 55:64 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 0 0 theme matrix 83:88 arg1 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 1 1 theme matrix 153:158 arg1 hydrolysates 123:134 hydrolysates 123:134 hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) 123:165 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 2 theme bovine 208:213 arg1 TAB 232:234 TAB 232:234 TAB 232:234 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 2 theme bovine 208:213 arg1 tendon 224:229 bovine Achilles tendon 208:229 bovine Achilles tendon (TAB) 208:235 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 0 3 theme extracellular 69:81 arg1 matrix 83:88 extracellular matrix 69:88 extracellular matrix 69:88 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 8 4 dep engineering 1500:1510 arg1 applications 1538:1549 applications 1538:1549 applications 1538:1549 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 1 5 theme Achilles 215:222 arg1 TAB 232:234 TAB 232:234 TAB 232:234 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 5 theme Achilles 215:222 arg1 tendon 224:229 bovine Achilles tendon 208:229 bovine Achilles tendon (TAB) 208:235 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 7 6 theme factor 1141:1146 arg1 TGF-β1 1156:1161 TGF-β1 1156:1161 TGF-β1 1156:1161 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 7 6 theme factor 1141:1146 arg1 beta-1 1148:1153 transforming growth factor beta-1 1121:1153 transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) 1121:1162 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 0 7 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 55:64 properties 55:64 properties 55:64 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 0 7 from Influence 0:8 arg1 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 5 8 from differences 809:819 arg1 composition 829:839 hECM composition 824:839 hECM composition 824:839 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 5 9 theme structural 879:888 arg1 characteristics 890:904 the structural characteristics 875:904 the structural characteristics 875:904 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 2 10 theme glycosaminoglycans 439:456 arg1 content 418:424 the content 414:424 the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin 414:488 The composition of hECM was evaluated by quantifying the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin. 28629082 8 11 dep derived 1404:1410 arg1 tissue 1397:1402 tissue 1397:1402 tissue 1397:1402 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 6 12 theme direct 1016:1021 arg1 relationship 1023:1034 a direct relationship 1014:1034 a direct relationship with the remaining composition 1014:1065 Consequently, the swelling, mechanics and degradation of the hydrogels showed a direct relationship with the remaining composition. 28629082 2 13 theme sulphated 429:437 arg1 laminin 482:488 laminin 482:488 laminin 482:488 The composition of hECM was evaluated by quantifying the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin. 28629082 2 13 theme sulphated 429:437 arg1 sGAG 459:462 sGAG 459:462 sGAG 459:462 The composition of hECM was evaluated by quantifying the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin. 28629082 2 13 theme sulphated 429:437 arg1 fibronectin 466:476 fibronectin 466:476 fibronectin 466:476 The composition of hECM was evaluated by quantifying the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin. 28629082 2 13 theme sulphated 429:437 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 439:456 sulphated glycosaminoglycans 429:456 sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) 429:463 The composition of hECM was evaluated by quantifying the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin. 28629082 7 14 with hydrogels 1196:1204 arg1 content 1232:1238 the highest residual content 1211:1238 the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules 1211:1258 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 7 15 theme ECM 1243:1245 arg1 biomolecules 1247:1258 ECM biomolecules 1243:1258 ECM biomolecules 1243:1258 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 7 16 theme growth 1134:1139 arg1 TGF-β1 1156:1161 TGF-β1 1156:1161 TGF-β1 1156:1161 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 7 16 theme growth 1134:1139 arg1 beta-1 1148:1153 transforming growth factor beta-1 1121:1153 transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) 1121:1162 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 8 17 theme work 1281:1284 arg1 results 1265:1271 The results 1261:1271 The results of this work 1261:1284 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 6 18 theme hydrogels 997:1005 arg1 degradation 978:988 degradation 978:988 degradation 978:988 Consequently, the swelling, mechanics and degradation of the hydrogels showed a direct relationship with the remaining composition. 28629082 6 18 theme hydrogels 997:1005 arg1 mechanics 964:972 mechanics 964:972 mechanics 964:972 Consequently, the swelling, mechanics and degradation of the hydrogels showed a direct relationship with the remaining composition. 28629082 6 18 theme hydrogels 997:1005 arg1 swelling 954:961 swelling 954:961 swelling 954:961 Consequently, the swelling, mechanics and degradation of the hydrogels showed a direct relationship with the remaining composition. 28629082 6 19 with relationship 1023:1034 arg1 composition 1055:1065 the remaining composition 1041:1065 the remaining composition 1041:1065 Consequently, the swelling, mechanics and degradation of the hydrogels showed a direct relationship with the remaining composition. 28629082 7 20 theme biomolecules 1247:1258 arg1 content 1232:1238 the highest residual content 1211:1238 the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules 1211:1258 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 0 21 theme composition 22:32 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix 0:88 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 8 22 theme hydrolysis 1369:1378 arg1 steps 1380:1384 both decellularization and hydrolysis steps 1342:1384 both decellularization and hydrolysis steps 1342:1384 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 0 23 theme residual 13:20 arg1 composition 22:32 residual composition 13:32 residual composition 13:32 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 8 24 theme regenerative 1516:1527 arg1 medicine 1529:1536 regenerative medicine 1516:1536 regenerative medicine 1516:1536 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 1 25 theme rat 186:188 arg1 TR 203:204 TR 203:204 TR 203:204 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 25 theme rat 186:188 arg1 tendon 195:200 rat tail tendon 186:200 rat tail tendon (TR) 186:205 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 26 theme porcine 238:244 arg1 SIS 274:276 SIS 274:276 SIS 274:276 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 26 theme porcine 238:244 arg1 submucosa 263:271 porcine small intestinal submucosa 238:271 porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) 238:277 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 7 27 theme residual 1223:1230 arg1 content 1232:1238 the highest residual content 1211:1238 the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules 1211:1258 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 8 28 theme molecules 1316:1324 arg1 role 1300:1303 the role 1296:1303 the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps 1296:1384 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 1 29 theme tail 190:193 arg1 TR 203:204 TR 203:204 TR 203:204 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 29 theme tail 190:193 arg1 tendon 195:200 rat tail tendon 186:200 rat tail tendon (TR) 186:205 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 8 30 from performance 1478:1488 arg1 engineering 1500:1510 tissue engineering 1493:1510 tissue engineering 1493:1510 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 8 30 from performance 1478:1488 arg1 medicine 1529:1536 regenerative medicine 1516:1536 regenerative medicine 1516:1536 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 1 31 theme small 246:250 arg1 SIS 274:276 SIS 274:276 SIS 274:276 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 31 theme small 246:250 arg1 submucosa 263:271 porcine small intestinal submucosa 238:271 porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) 238:277 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 3 32 theme in 558:559 arg1 degradation 567:577 in vitro degradation 558:577 in vitro degradation 558:577 The polymerization process, structure, physicochemical properties, in vitro degradation and biocompatibility were studied and related to their composition. 28629082 0 33 dep structure 41:49 arg1 the 37:39 the 37:39 the 37:39 Influence of residual composition on the structure and properties of extracellular matrix derived hydrogels. 28629082 8 34 link derived 1404:1410 arg1 hydrogels 1412:1420 tissue derived hydrogels 1397:1420 tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications 1397:1549 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 2 35 theme hECM 380:383 arg1 composition 365:375 The composition 361:375 The composition of hECM 361:383 The composition of hECM was evaluated by quantifying the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), fibronectin and laminin. 28629082 1 36 theme intestinal 252:261 arg1 SIS 274:276 SIS 274:276 SIS 274:276 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 36 theme intestinal 252:261 arg1 submucosa 263:271 porcine small intestinal submucosa 238:271 porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) 238:277 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 8 37 theme tissue 1493:1498 arg1 engineering 1500:1510 tissue engineering 1493:1510 tissue engineering 1493:1510 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 3 38 theme polymerization 495:508 arg1 process 510:516 The polymerization process 491:516 The polymerization process 491:516 The polymerization process, structure, physicochemical properties, in vitro degradation and biocompatibility were studied and related to their composition. 28629082 1 39 theme bovine 283:288 arg1 PB 303:304 PB 303:304 PB 303:304 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 39 theme bovine 283:288 arg1 pericardium 290:300 bovine pericardium 283:300 bovine pericardium (PB) 283:305 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 8 40 theme derived 1404:1410 arg1 hydrogels 1412:1420 tissue derived hydrogels 1397:1420 tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications 1397:1549 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 5 41 theme hECM 824:827 arg1 composition 829:839 hECM composition 824:839 hECM composition 824:839 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 4 42 attach derived 778:784 arg1 TAB 791:793 TAB 791:793 TAB 791:793 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 4 42 attach derived 778:784 arg1 TR 799:800 TR 799:800 TR 799:800 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 4 42 attach derived 778:784 arg2 those 772:776 those 772:776 those 772:776 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 4 43 attach derived 683:689 arg1 SIS 696:698 SIS 696:698 SIS 696:698 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 4 43 attach derived 683:689 arg1 PB 704:705 PB 704:705 PB 704:705 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 4 43 attach derived 683:689 arg2 richer 726:731 richer 726:731 richer 726:731 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 4 43 attach derived 683:689 arg2 hECM 678:681 the hECM 674:681 the hECM derived from SIS and PB 674:705 The results indicated that the hECM derived from SIS and PB were significantly richer in sGAG, fibronectin and laminin, than those derived from TAB and TR. 28629082 8 44 theme decellularization 1347:1363 arg1 steps 1380:1384 both decellularization and hydrolysis steps 1342:1384 both decellularization and hydrolysis steps 1342:1384 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 5 45 theme fibrillar 913:921 arg1 network 927:933 the fibrillar gel network 909:933 the fibrillar gel network 909:933 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 8 46 theme ECM 1312:1314 arg1 molecules 1316:1324 the ECM molecules 1308:1324 the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps 1308:1384 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 6 47 theme remaining 1045:1053 arg1 composition 1055:1065 the remaining composition 1041:1065 the remaining composition 1041:1065 Consequently, the swelling, mechanics and degradation of the hydrogels showed a direct relationship with the remaining composition. 28629082 3 48 dep in 558:559 arg1 vitro 561:565 vitro 561:565 vitro 561:565 The polymerization process, structure, physicochemical properties, in vitro degradation and biocompatibility were studied and related to their composition. 28629082 7 49 theme highest 1215:1221 arg1 content 1232:1238 the highest residual content 1211:1238 the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules 1211:1258 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 5 50 theme gel 923:925 arg1 network 927:933 the fibrillar gel network 909:933 the fibrillar gel network 909:933 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 1 51 theme ECM 346:348 arg1 hydrogels 350:358 ECM hydrogels 346:358 ECM hydrogels 346:358 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 5 52 theme network 927:933 arg1 characteristics 890:904 the structural characteristics 875:904 the structural characteristics 875:904 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 5 52 theme network 927:933 arg1 polymerization 856:869 the polymerization 852:869 the polymerization 852:869 These differences in hECM composition influenced the polymerization and the structural characteristics of the fibrillar gel network. 28629082 8 53 with hydrogels 1412:1420 arg1 properties 1441:1450 properties 1441:1450 properties 1441:1450 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 8 53 with hydrogels 1412:1420 arg1 structure 1427:1435 structure 1427:1435 structure 1427:1435 The results of this work evidenced the role of the ECM molecules remaining after both decellularization and hydrolysis steps to produce tissue derived hydrogels with structure and properties tailored to enhance their performance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 28629082 7 54 theme transforming 1121:1132 arg1 TGF-β1 1156:1161 TGF-β1 1156:1161 TGF-β1 1156:1161 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 7 54 theme transforming 1121:1132 arg1 beta-1 1148:1153 transforming growth factor beta-1 1121:1153 transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) 1121:1162 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 3 55 theme physicochemical 530:544 arg1 properties 546:555 physicochemical properties 530:555 physicochemical properties 530:555 The polymerization process, structure, physicochemical properties, in vitro degradation and biocompatibility were studied and related to their composition. 28629082 1 56 theme extracellular 139:151 arg1 hECM 161:164 hECM 161:164 hECM 161:164 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 1 56 theme extracellular 139:151 arg1 matrix 153:158 extracellular matrix 139:158 extracellular matrix (hECM) 139:165 In this work, hydrolysates of extracellular matrix (hECM) were obtained from rat tail tendon (TR), bovine Achilles tendon (TAB), porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and bovine pericardium (PB), and they were polymerized to generate ECM hydrogels. 28629082 7 57 theme beta-1 1148:1153 arg1 cytocompatibility 1082:1098 the cytocompatibility 1078:1098 the cytocompatibility 1078:1098 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28629082 7 57 theme beta-1 1148:1153 arg1 secretion 1108:1116 the secretion 1104:1116 the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages 1104:1177 Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) by macrophages were enhanced in hydrogels with the highest residual content of ECM biomolecules. 28925690 3 0 theme continuous 1015:1024 arg1 birefringence 1026:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence 1002:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1002:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 3 0 theme continuous 1015:1024 arg1 phases 1070:1075 nematic phases 1062:1075 nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1062:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 2 1 theme versatile 851:859 arg1 collector 865:873 a simple and versatile gap collector 838:873 a simple and versatile gap collector 838:873 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 2 2 with nanofibers 768:777 arg1 diameter 792:799 average diameter 784:799 average diameter of 270 nm 784:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 1 3 theme field 445:449 arg1 potential 391:399 ionic potential 385:399 ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 385:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 1 4 theme particle 275:282 arg1 size 284:287 particle size 275:287 particle size 275:287 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 3 5 theme nematic 1062:1068 arg1 birefringence 1026:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence 1002:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1002:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 3 5 theme nematic 1062:1068 arg1 phases 1070:1075 nematic phases 1062:1075 nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1062:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 2 6 theme simple 840:845 arg1 collector 865:873 a simple and versatile gap collector 838:873 a simple and versatile gap collector 838:873 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 4 7 theme nanofibrous 1371:1381 arg1 mats 1383:1386 the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 1334:1386 the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 1334:1386 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 6 8 theme structure-effect 1591:1606 arg1 relationship 1608:1619 the structure-effect relationship 1587:1619 the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers 1587:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 8 theme structure-effect 1591:1606 arg1 favorable 1788:1796 favorable 1788:1796 favorable 1788:1796 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 2 9 theme average 784:790 arg1 diameter 792:799 average diameter 784:799 average diameter of 270 nm 784:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 1 10 theme shearing 467:474 arg1 potential 391:399 ionic potential 385:399 ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 385:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 1 11 theme self-assembled 182:195 arg1 mesophases 209:218 specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases 173:218 specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 173:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 12 theme core-sheath 643:653 arg1 mats 667:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 601:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA 601:701 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 4 13 theme rigidness 1179:1187 arg1 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 13 theme rigidness 1179:1187 arg1 strength 1309:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 13 theme rigidness 1179:1187 arg1 effect 1169:1174 a synergic effect 1158:1174 a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases 1158:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 2 14 theme high-voltage 572:583 arg1 field 594:598 high-voltage electric field 572:598 high-voltage electric field 572:598 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 2 15 theme nm 808:809 arg1 diameter 792:799 average diameter 784:799 average diameter of 270 nm 784:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 6 16 from orientation 1644:1654 arg1 nanofibers 1698:1707 polymer-based fine nanofibers 1679:1707 polymer-based fine nanofibers 1679:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 17 theme array 1774:1778 arg1 relationship 1608:1619 the structure-effect relationship 1587:1619 the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers 1587:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 17 theme array 1774:1778 arg1 flexibility 1717:1727 flexibility 1717:1727 flexibility 1717:1727 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 17 theme array 1774:1778 arg1 integrity 1743:1751 mechanical integrity 1732:1751 mechanical integrity 1732:1751 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 17 theme array 1774:1778 arg1 favorable 1788:1796 favorable 1788:1796 favorable 1788:1796 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 1 18 theme added 404:408 arg1 electrolytes 410:421 added electrolytes 404:421 added electrolytes 404:421 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 6 19 theme nanorods 1667:1674 arg1 orientation 1644:1654 liquid crystal orientation 1629:1654 liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers 1629:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 20 theme aligned 1760:1766 arg1 array 1774:1778 the aligned fiber array 1756:1778 the aligned fiber array 1756:1778 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 1 21 theme nanocrystal 128:138 arg1 dispersions 146:156 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions 110:156 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions 110:156 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 4 22 theme phases 1243:1248 arg1 nanocrystals 1192:1203 nanocrystals 1192:1203 nanocrystals 1192:1203 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 22 theme phases 1243:1248 arg1 orientation 1220:1230 stretching orientation 1209:1230 stretching orientation of nematic phases 1209:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 6 23 theme crystal 1636:1642 arg1 orientation 1644:1654 liquid crystal orientation 1629:1654 liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers 1629:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 24 theme mechanical 1732:1741 arg1 integrity 1743:1751 mechanical integrity 1732:1751 mechanical integrity 1732:1751 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 4 25 theme nanocrystals 1192:1203 arg1 rigidness 1179:1187 rigidness 1179:1187 rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases 1179:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 0 26 theme Nanocrystals 60:71 arg1 Orientation 35:45 Liquid Crystal Orientation 20:45 Liquid Crystal Orientation 20:45 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 0 26 theme Nanocrystals 60:71 arg1 Alignment 6:14 Fiber Alignment 0:14 Fiber Alignment 0:14 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 6 27 theme functional 1827:1836 arg1 fabrics 1853:1859 functional liquid crystal fabrics 1827:1859 functional liquid crystal fabrics 1827:1859 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 2 28 theme specific 737:744 arg1 nanofibers 768:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers 737:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm 737:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 1 29 theme external 349:356 arg1 force 364:368 external field force 349:368 external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 349:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 3 30 theme arrayed 886:892 arg1 nanofibers 904:913 arrayed composite nanofibers 886:913 arrayed composite nanofibers 886:913 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 1 31 theme force 364:368 arg1 properties 261:270 the inherent properties 248:270 the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 248:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 32 theme crystal 526:532 arg1 orientation 534:544 the liquid crystal orientation 515:544 the liquid crystal orientation 515:544 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 4 33 theme higher 1294:1299 arg1 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 33 theme higher 1294:1299 arg1 strength 1309:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 33 theme higher 1294:1299 arg1 effect 1169:1174 a synergic effect 1158:1174 a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases 1158:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 5 34 theme core-sheath 1518:1528 arg1 nanofibers 1530:1539 the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers 1499:1539 the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers 1499:1539 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 0 35 theme Fiber 0:4 arg1 Alignment 6:14 Fiber Alignment 0:14 Fiber Alignment 0:14 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 1 36 theme surface 290:296 arg1 charge 298:303 surface charge 290:303 surface charge 290:303 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 3 37 theme high-voltage 1126:1137 arg1 field 1148:1152 high-voltage electric field 1126:1152 high-voltage electric field 1126:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 6 38 theme polymer-based 1679:1691 arg1 nanofibers 1698:1707 polymer-based fine nanofibers 1679:1707 polymer-based fine nanofibers 1679:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 3 39 theme gap 965:967 arg1 plates 969:974 gap plates 965:974 gap plates 965:974 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 4 40 theme nanofibrous 1263:1273 arg1 arrays 1275:1280 the aligned nanofibrous arrays 1251:1280 the aligned nanofibrous arrays 1251:1280 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 2 41 theme arrayed 755:761 arg1 nanofibers 768:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers 737:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm 737:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 1 42 theme Sulfate 110:116 arg1 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 1 42 theme Sulfate 110:116 arg1 nanocrystal 128:138 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal 110:138 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions 110:156 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 0 43 theme Crystal 27:33 arg1 Orientation 35:45 Liquid Crystal Orientation 20:45 Liquid Crystal Orientation 20:45 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 1 44 theme repulsion 310:318 arg1 properties 261:270 the inherent properties 248:270 the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 248:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 5 45 theme long-ranged 1554:1564 arg1 twist 1573:1577 long-ranged chiral twist 1554:1577 long-ranged chiral twist 1554:1577 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 4 46 theme oriented 1347:1354 arg1 mats 1383:1386 the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 1334:1386 the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 1334:1386 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 5 47 theme mesophase 1430:1438 arg1 transition 1440:1449 mesophase transition 1430:1449 mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic 1430:1485 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 1 48 theme affinity 323:330 arg1 interaction 332:342 affinity interaction 323:342 affinity interaction 323:342 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 6 49 theme crystal 1845:1851 arg1 fabrics 1853:1859 functional liquid crystal fabrics 1827:1859 functional liquid crystal fabrics 1827:1859 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 5 50 theme twist 1573:1577 arg1 loss 1546:1549 a loss 1544:1549 a loss of long-ranged chiral twist 1544:1577 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 5 51 theme CNCs 1454:1457 arg1 transition 1440:1449 mesophase transition 1430:1449 mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic 1430:1485 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 2 52 theme straight 746:753 arg1 nanofibers 768:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers 737:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm 737:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 1 53 theme inherent 252:259 arg1 properties 261:270 the inherent properties 248:270 the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 248:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 54 theme gap 861:863 arg1 collector 865:873 a simple and versatile gap collector 838:873 a simple and versatile gap collector 838:873 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 2 55 theme uniform-aligned 623:637 arg1 mats 667:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 601:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA 601:701 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 4 56 theme stretching 1209:1218 arg1 orientation 1220:1230 stretching orientation 1209:1230 stretching orientation of nematic phases 1209:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 1 57 theme size 284:287 arg1 properties 261:270 the inherent properties 248:270 the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 248:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 58 theme distributed 610:620 arg1 mats 667:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 601:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA 601:701 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 4 59 theme core-sheath 1359:1369 arg1 mats 1383:1386 the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 1334:1386 the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 1334:1386 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 1 60 theme mechanical 456:465 arg1 shearing 467:474 mechanical shearing 456:474 mechanical shearing 456:474 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 1 61 theme specific 173:180 arg1 mesophases 209:218 specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases 173:218 specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 173:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 62 theme nanofibrous 655:665 arg1 mats 667:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats 601:670 randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA 601:701 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 3 63 theme CNCs 1080:1083 arg1 birefringence 1026:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence 1002:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1002:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 3 63 theme CNCs 1080:1083 arg1 phases 1070:1075 nematic phases 1062:1075 nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1062:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 1 64 theme cholesteric 197:207 arg1 mesophases 209:218 specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases 173:218 specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 173:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 4 65 theme synergic 1160:1167 arg1 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 65 theme synergic 1160:1167 arg1 strength 1309:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 65 theme synergic 1160:1167 arg1 effect 1169:1174 a synergic effect 1158:1174 a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases 1158:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 2 66 theme fiber 550:554 arg1 alignment 556:564 fiber alignment 550:564 fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field 550:598 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 6 67 theme fiber 1768:1772 arg1 array 1774:1778 the aligned fiber array 1756:1778 the aligned fiber array 1756:1778 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 4 68 theme nematic 1235:1241 arg1 phases 1243:1248 nematic phases 1235:1248 nematic phases 1235:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 69 theme CNCs 1411:1414 arg1 loading 1400:1406 the same loading 1391:1406 the same loading of CNCs 1391:1414 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 1 70 theme electrolytes 410:421 arg1 potential 391:399 ionic potential 385:399 ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 385:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 6 71 theme charged 1659:1665 arg1 nanorods 1667:1674 charged nanorods 1659:1674 charged nanorods 1659:1674 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 1 72 theme cellulose 118:126 arg1 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 CNC 141:143 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 1 72 theme cellulose 118:126 arg1 nanocrystal 128:138 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal 110:138 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions 110:156 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 1 73 theme magnetic 424:431 arg1 field 445:449 magnetic or electric field 424:449 field 445:449 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 74 theme electric 585:592 arg1 field 594:598 high-voltage electric field 572:598 high-voltage electric field 572:598 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 2 75 theme fine 763:766 arg1 nanofibers 768:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers 737:777 specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm 737:809 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 1 76 theme electric 436:443 arg1 field 445:449 magnetic or electric field 424:449 field 445:449 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 6 77 theme liquid 1629:1634 arg1 orientation 1644:1654 liquid crystal orientation 1629:1654 liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers 1629:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 6 78 theme liquid 1838:1843 arg1 fabrics 1853:1859 functional liquid crystal fabrics 1827:1859 functional liquid crystal fabrics 1827:1859 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 4 79 theme orientation 1220:1230 arg1 rigidness 1179:1187 rigidness 1179:1187 rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases 1179:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 3 80 theme uniaxial 1100:1107 arg1 stretching 1109:1118 the uniaxial stretching 1096:1118 the uniaxial stretching 1096:1118 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 0 81 from Alignment 6:14 arg1 Mats 104:107 Mats 104:107 Mats 104:107 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 1 82 theme field 358:362 arg1 force 364:368 external field force 349:368 external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 349:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 2 83 theme charged 682:688 arg1 CNCs 690:693 charged CNCs 682:693 charged CNCs 682:693 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 3 84 theme composite 894:902 arg1 nanofibers 904:913 arrayed composite nanofibers 886:913 arrayed composite nanofibers 886:913 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 6 85 theme strategic 1802:1810 arg1 development 1812:1822 strategic development 1802:1822 strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics 1802:1859 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 4 86 theme tensile 1301:1307 arg1 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 strain 1322:1327 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 86 theme tensile 1301:1307 arg1 strength 1309:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 a higher tensile strength 1292:1316 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 4 86 theme tensile 1301:1307 arg1 effect 1169:1174 a synergic effect 1158:1174 a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases 1158:1248 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 3 87 theme electric 1139:1146 arg1 field 1148:1152 high-voltage electric field 1126:1152 high-voltage electric field 1126:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 3 88 theme vertical 943:950 arg1 direction 952:960 the vertical direction 939:960 the vertical direction of gap plates 939:974 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 2 89 theme liquid 519:524 arg1 orientation 534:544 the liquid crystal orientation 515:544 the liquid crystal orientation 515:544 Aiming at understanding the liquid crystal orientation and fiber alignment under high-voltage electric field, randomly distributed, uniform-aligned, or core-sheath nanofibrous mats involving charged CNCs and PVA were electrospun; and among them, specific straight arrayed fine nanofibers with average diameter of 270 nm were manufactured by using a simple and versatile gap collector. 28925690 0 90 from Orientation 35:45 arg1 Mats 104:107 Mats 104:107 Mats 104:107 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 5 91 theme spun 1513:1516 arg1 nanofibers 1530:1539 the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers 1499:1539 the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers 1499:1539 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 4 92 theme aligned 1255:1261 arg1 arrays 1275:1280 the aligned nanofibrous arrays 1251:1280 the aligned nanofibrous arrays 1251:1280 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 28925690 1 93 theme ionic 385:389 arg1 potential 391:399 ionic potential 385:399 ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 385:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 6 94 theme fine 1693:1696 arg1 nanofibers 1698:1707 polymer-based fine nanofibers 1679:1707 polymer-based fine nanofibers 1679:1707 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 0 95 theme Liquid 20:25 arg1 Orientation 35:45 Liquid Crystal Orientation 20:45 Liquid Crystal Orientation 20:45 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 1 96 theme charge 298:303 arg1 properties 261:270 the inherent properties 248:270 the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching 248:488 Sulfate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions always present specific self-assembled cholesteric mesophases which is easily affected by the inherent properties of particle size, surface charge, and repulsion or affinity interaction, and external field force generated from ionic potential of added electrolytes, magnetic or electric field, and mechanical shearing or stretching. 28925690 3 97 theme plates 969:974 arg1 direction 952:960 the vertical direction 939:960 the vertical direction of gap plates 939:974 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 6 98 dep flexibility 1717:1727 arg1 the 1713:1715 the 1713:1715 the 1713:1715 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 0 99 theme Cellulose 50:58 arg1 Nanocrystals 60:71 Cellulose Nanocrystals 50:71 Cellulose Nanocrystals 50:71 Fiber Alignment and Liquid Crystal Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats. 28925690 3 100 theme frequent 1002:1009 arg1 birefringence 1026:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence 1002:1038 frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1002:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 3 100 theme frequent 1002:1009 arg1 phases 1070:1075 nematic phases 1062:1075 nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field 1062:1152 Moreover, arrayed composite nanofibers regularly aligned along the vertical direction of gap plates and selectively reflected frequent and continuous birefringence which was regarded as nematic phases of CNCs induced by the uniaxial stretching under high-voltage electric field. 28925690 5 101 from cholesteric 1464:1474 arg1 transition 1440:1449 mesophase transition 1430:1449 mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic 1430:1485 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 6 102 theme fabrics 1853:1859 arg1 development 1812:1822 strategic development 1802:1822 strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics 1802:1859 Hence, the structure-effect relationship between liquid crystal orientation of charged nanorods in polymer-based fine nanofibers and the flexibility or mechanical integrity of the aligned fiber array will be favorable for strategic development of functional liquid crystal fabrics. 28925690 5 103 theme chiral 1566:1571 arg1 twist 1573:1577 long-ranged chiral twist 1554:1577 long-ranged chiral twist 1554:1577 By contrast, mesophase transition of CNCs from cholesteric to nematic occurred in the coaxially spun core-sheath nanofibers at a loss of long-ranged chiral twist. 28925690 4 104 theme same 1395:1398 arg1 loading 1400:1406 the same loading 1391:1406 the same loading of CNCs 1391:1414 As a synergic effect of rigidness of nanocrystals and stretching orientation of nematic phases, the aligned nanofibrous arrays exhibited a higher tensile strength and strain than the randomly oriented or core-sheath nanofibrous mats at the same loading of CNCs. 26070414 3 0 theme protein-energy 340:353 arg1 undernutrition 355:368 protein-energy undernutrition 340:368 protein-energy undernutrition 340:368 We sought to understand how protein-energy undernutrition alters the microbiome and to propose mechanisms by which these alterations influence the malnourished phenotype. 26070414 4 1 theme lactating 554:562 arg1 dams 564:567 lactating dams 554:567 lactating dams 554:567 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 9 2 dep community 1421:1429 arg1 diversity 1444:1452 diversity 1444:1452 diversity 1444:1452 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 2 dep community 1421:1429 arg1 richness 1431:1438 richness 1431:1438 richness 1431:1438 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 3 theme community 1421:1429 arg1 loss 1403:1406 an overall loss 1392:1406 an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity 1392:1452 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 4 from pathways 1502:1509 arg1 deficient 1462:1470 deficient 1462:1470 deficient 1462:1470 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 11 5 theme poor 1924:1927 arg1 nutrition 1929:1937 poor nutrition 1924:1937 poor nutrition 1924:1937 Thus, the microbiome of an undernourished host may perpetuate states of poor nutrition via multiple mechanisms. 26070414 5 6 theme cecum 715:719 arg1 contents 696:703 luminal contents 688:703 luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon 688:729 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 6 7 theme body 894:897 arg1 determinant 853:863 the most important determinant 834:863 the most important determinant of microbiome composition 834:889 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 6 7 theme body 894:897 arg1 compartment 899:909 body compartment 894:909 body compartment 894:909 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 8 8 from Bacteroidetes 1217:1229 arg1 intestine 1245:1253 the distal intestine 1234:1253 the distal intestine 1234:1253 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 9 9 from deficient 1462:1470 arg1 pathways 1502:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways 1475:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism 1475:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 9 from deficient 1462:1470 arg1 metabolism 1565:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 9 from deficient 1462:1470 arg1 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 9 from deficient 1462:1470 arg1 phosphate 1540:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 11 10 theme nutrition 1929:1937 arg1 states 1914:1919 states 1914:1919 states of poor nutrition 1914:1937 Thus, the microbiome of an undernourished host may perpetuate states of poor nutrition via multiple mechanisms. 26070414 5 11 theme gene 795:798 arg1 content 800:806 microbial gene content 785:806 microbial gene content 785:806 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 9 12 theme overall 1395:1401 arg1 loss 1403:1406 an overall loss 1392:1406 an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity 1392:1452 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 4 13 from dams 564:567 arg1 separation 538:547 timed separation 532:547 timed separation from lactating dams 532:567 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 9 14 theme inositol 1531:1538 arg1 phosphate 1540:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 8 15 theme phylum 1146:1151 arg1 level 1153:1157 the phylum level 1142:1157 the phylum level 1142:1157 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 4 16 theme timed 532:536 arg1 separation 538:547 timed separation 532:547 timed separation from lactating dams 532:567 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 5 17 theme colon 725:729 arg1 contents 696:703 luminal contents 688:703 luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon 688:729 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 6 18 theme composition 879:889 arg1 determinant 853:863 the most important determinant 834:863 the most important determinant of microbiome composition 834:889 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 6 18 theme composition 879:889 arg1 compartment 899:909 body compartment 894:909 body compartment 894:909 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 10 19 from components 1683:1692 arg1 extraction 1635:1644 less efficient extraction 1620:1644 less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates 1620:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 5 20 theme luminal 688:694 arg1 contents 696:703 luminal contents 688:703 luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon 688:729 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 6 21 theme microbiome 868:877 arg1 composition 879:889 microbiome composition 868:889 microbiome composition 868:889 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 7 22 dep undernourished 1087:1100 arg1 mice 1114:1117 mice 1114:1117 mice 1114:1117 However, within each compartment, microbiota from undernourished and control mice cluster separately. 26070414 11 23 theme multiple 1943:1950 arg1 mechanisms 1952:1961 multiple mechanisms 1943:1961 multiple mechanisms 1943:1961 Thus, the microbiome of an undernourished host may perpetuate states of poor nutrition via multiple mechanisms. 26070414 8 24 theme Akkermansia 1299:1309 arg1 muciniphila 1311:1321 Akkermansia muciniphila 1299:1321 Akkermansia muciniphila 1299:1321 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 9 25 theme microbial 1411:1419 arg1 community 1421:1429 microbial community richness and diversity 1411:1452 microbial community richness and diversity 1411:1452 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 26 theme Undernourished 1367:1380 arg1 mice 1382:1385 Undernourished mice 1367:1385 Undernourished mice 1367:1385 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 5 27 theme gene 620:623 arg1 sequencing 625:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing 611:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing 611:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 9 28 contain have 1387:1390 arg1 mice 1382:1385 Undernourished mice 1367:1385 Undernourished mice 1367:1385 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 28 contain have 1387:1390 arg2 loss 1403:1406 an overall loss 1392:1406 an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity 1392:1452 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 6 29 theme phylogenetic 1003:1014 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 phylogenetic clustering analysis 1003:1034 phylogenetic clustering analysis 1003:1034 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 8 30 from increase 1287:1294 arg1 Alistipes 1356:1364 Alistipes 1356:1364 Alistipes 1356:1364 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 8 30 from increase 1287:1294 arg1 Bacteroides 1340:1350 Bacteroides 1340:1350 Bacteroides 1340:1350 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 8 30 from increase 1287:1294 arg1 muciniphila 1311:1321 Akkermansia muciniphila 1299:1321 Akkermansia muciniphila 1299:1321 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 10 31 theme efficient 1625:1633 arg1 extraction 1635:1644 less efficient extraction 1620:1644 less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates 1620:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 10 32 theme epigenetic 1734:1743 arg1 alterations 1745:1755 epigenetic alterations 1734:1755 epigenetic alterations 1734:1755 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 6 33 from those 961:965 arg1 distinct 947:954 distinct 947:954 distinct 947:954 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 5 34 theme ileum 708:712 arg1 contents 696:703 luminal contents 688:703 luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon 688:729 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 6 35 theme important 843:851 arg1 determinant 853:863 the most important determinant 834:863 the most important determinant of microbiome composition 834:889 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 6 35 theme important 843:851 arg1 compartment 899:909 body compartment 894:909 body compartment 894:909 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 10 36 theme microbial 1593:1601 arg1 genes 1603:1607 these microbial genes 1587:1607 these microbial genes 1587:1607 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 8 37 theme distal 1238:1243 arg1 intestine 1245:1253 the distal intestine 1234:1253 the distal intestine 1234:1253 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 5 38 theme shotgun 755:761 arg1 sequencing 763:772 whole metagenome shotgun sequencing 738:772 whole metagenome shotgun sequencing 738:772 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 5 39 theme compositional 640:652 arg1 analysis 654:661 compositional analysis 640:661 compositional analysis 640:661 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 10 40 theme energy 1649:1654 arg1 extraction 1635:1644 less efficient extraction 1620:1644 less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates 1620:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 8 41 from decreases 1327:1335 arg1 Alistipes 1356:1364 Alistipes 1356:1364 Alistipes 1356:1364 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 8 41 from decreases 1327:1335 arg1 Bacteroides 1340:1350 Bacteroides 1340:1350 Bacteroides 1340:1350 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 8 41 from decreases 1327:1335 arg1 muciniphila 1311:1321 Akkermansia muciniphila 1299:1321 Akkermansia muciniphila 1299:1321 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 10 42 theme dietary 1675:1681 arg1 glycans 1704:1710 glycans 1704:1710 glycans 1704:1710 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 10 42 theme dietary 1675:1681 arg1 components 1683:1692 nondigestible dietary components 1661:1692 nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates 1661:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 10 42 theme dietary 1675:1681 arg1 phytates 1716:1723 phytates 1716:1723 phytates 1716:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 7 43 from undernourished 1087:1100 arg1 microbiota 1071:1080 microbiota 1071:1080 microbiota from undernourished and control mice 1071:1117 However, within each compartment, microbiota from undernourished and control mice cluster separately. 26070414 0 44 theme undernourished 32:45 arg1 microbiome 73:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 Composition and function of the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome. 26070414 6 45 attach derived 924:930 arg1 ileum 937:941 ileum 937:941 ileum 937:941 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 6 45 attach derived 924:930 arg2 communities 912:922 communities 912:922 communities derived from ileum 912:941 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26070414 4 46 theme neonatal 495:502 arg1 mice 504:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice 483:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice 483:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 10 47 theme adequate 1820:1827 arg1 nutrition 1829:1837 adequate nutrition 1820:1837 adequate nutrition 1820:1837 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 3 48 theme malnourished 459:470 arg1 phenotype 472:480 the malnourished phenotype 455:480 the malnourished phenotype 455:480 We sought to understand how protein-energy undernutrition alters the microbiome and to propose mechanisms by which these alterations influence the malnourished phenotype. 26070414 5 49 theme microbial 785:793 arg1 content 800:806 microbial gene content 785:806 microbial gene content 785:806 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 2 50 theme microbial 180:188 arg1 profiles 190:197 Distinct microbial profiles 171:197 Distinct microbial profiles 171:197 Distinct microbial profiles have been associated with obesity and undernutrition, although mechanisms behind these associations are unknown. 26070414 7 51 from control 1106:1112 arg1 microbiota 1071:1080 microbiota 1071:1080 microbiota from undernourished and control mice 1071:1117 However, within each compartment, microbiota from undernourished and control mice cluster separately. 26070414 0 52 theme mouse 56:60 arg1 microbiome 73:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 Composition and function of the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome. 26070414 4 53 theme control 576:582 arg1 animals 584:590 control animals 576:590 control animals 576:590 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 8 54 theme Verrucomicrobia 1192:1206 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1217:1229 more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes 1187:1229 more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine 1187:1253 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 2 55 theme Distinct 171:178 arg1 profiles 190:197 Distinct microbial profiles 171:197 Distinct microbial profiles 171:197 Distinct microbial profiles have been associated with obesity and undernutrition, although mechanisms behind these associations are unknown. 26070414 8 56 theme less 1212:1215 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1217:1229 more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes 1187:1229 more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine 1187:1253 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 1 57 theme key 119:121 arg1 challenges 137:146 the key global health challenges 115:146 the key global health challenges facing children today 115:168 Undernutrition remains one of the key global health challenges facing children today. 26070414 0 58 theme neonatal 47:54 arg1 microbiome 73:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 Composition and function of the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome. 26070414 4 59 theme ad 599:600 arg1 libitum 602:608 ad libitum 599:608 ad libitum 599:608 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 8 60 theme undernourished 1160:1173 arg1 mice 1175:1178 undernourished mice 1160:1178 undernourished mice 1160:1178 At the phylum level, undernourished mice harbor more Verrucomicrobia and less Bacteroidetes in the distal intestine; these changes are driven by an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in Bacteroides and Alistipes. 26070414 10 61 theme nondigestible 1661:1673 arg1 glycans 1704:1710 glycans 1704:1710 glycans 1704:1710 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 10 61 theme nondigestible 1661:1673 arg1 components 1683:1692 nondigestible dietary components 1661:1692 nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates 1661:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 10 61 theme nondigestible 1661:1673 arg1 phytates 1716:1723 phytates 1716:1723 phytates 1716:1723 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 5 62 theme 16S 611:613 arg1 sequencing 625:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing 611:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing 611:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 1 63 theme global 123:128 arg1 challenges 137:146 the key global health challenges 115:146 the key global health challenges facing children today 115:168 Undernutrition remains one of the key global health challenges facing children today. 26070414 9 64 theme multiple 1475:1482 arg1 pathways 1502:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways 1475:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism 1475:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 64 theme multiple 1475:1482 arg1 metabolism 1565:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 64 theme multiple 1475:1482 arg1 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 64 theme multiple 1475:1482 arg1 phosphate 1540:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 5 65 theme whole 738:742 arg1 sequencing 763:772 whole metagenome shotgun sequencing 738:772 whole metagenome shotgun sequencing 738:772 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 10 66 from Losses 1577:1582 arg1 genes 1603:1607 these microbial genes 1587:1607 these microbial genes 1587:1607 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 10 67 dep altering 1789:1796 arg1 restored 1842:1849 restored 1842:1849 altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored 1789:1849 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 5 68 theme rRNA 615:618 arg1 sequencing 625:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing 611:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing 611:634 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 1 69 theme health 130:135 arg1 challenges 137:146 the key global health challenges 115:146 the key global health challenges facing children today 115:168 Undernutrition remains one of the key global health challenges facing children today. 26070414 9 70 theme microbial 1484:1492 arg1 pathways 1502:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways 1475:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism 1475:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 70 theme microbial 1484:1492 arg1 metabolism 1565:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 70 theme microbial 1484:1492 arg1 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 70 theme microbial 1484:1492 arg1 phosphate 1540:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 5 71 theme metagenome 744:753 arg1 sequencing 763:772 whole metagenome shotgun sequencing 738:772 whole metagenome shotgun sequencing 738:772 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compositional analysis identified microbes from luminal contents of ileum, cecum and colon, while whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified microbial gene content. 26070414 4 72 theme CD1 491:493 arg1 mice 504:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice 483:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice 483:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 1 73 theme challenges 137:146 arg1 one 108:110 one 108:110 one 108:110 Undernutrition remains one of the key global health challenges facing children today. 26070414 1 73 theme challenges 137:146 arg1 challenges 137:146 the key global health challenges 115:146 the key global health challenges facing children today 115:168 Undernutrition remains one of the key global health challenges facing children today. 26070414 9 74 theme genetic 1494:1500 arg1 pathways 1502:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways 1475:1509 multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism 1475:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 74 theme genetic 1494:1500 arg1 metabolism 1565:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 74 theme genetic 1494:1500 arg1 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 N-glycan 1521:1528 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 9 74 theme genetic 1494:1500 arg1 phosphate 1540:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 inositol phosphate 1531:1548 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 0 75 theme microbiome 73:82 arg1 function 16:23 function 16:23 function 16:23 Composition and function of the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome. 26070414 0 75 theme microbiome 73:82 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and function of the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome. 26070414 4 76 theme Outbred 483:489 arg1 mice 504:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice 483:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice 483:507 Outbred CD1 neonatal mice were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams, while control animals nursed ad libitum. 26070414 10 77 dep confer 1613:1618 arg1 whereas 1726:1732 whereas 1726:1732 whereas 1726:1732 Losses in these microbial genes may confer less efficient extraction of energy from nondigestible dietary components including glycans and phytates, whereas epigenetic alterations provide a means of persistently altering metabolism even after adequate nutrition is restored. 26070414 9 78 theme one-carbon 1554:1563 arg1 metabolism 1565:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 one-carbon metabolism 1554:1574 Undernourished mice have an overall loss of microbial community richness and diversity and are deficient in multiple microbial genetic pathways including N-glycan, inositol phosphate and one-carbon metabolism. 26070414 11 79 theme undernourished 1879:1892 arg1 host 1894:1897 an undernourished host 1876:1897 an undernourished host 1876:1897 Thus, the microbiome of an undernourished host may perpetuate states of poor nutrition via multiple mechanisms. 26070414 0 80 theme intestinal 62:71 arg1 microbiome 73:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome 28:82 Composition and function of the undernourished neonatal mouse intestinal microbiome. 26070414 11 81 theme host 1894:1897 arg1 microbiome 1862:1871 the microbiome 1858:1871 the microbiome of an undernourished host 1858:1897 Thus, the microbiome of an undernourished host may perpetuate states of poor nutrition via multiple mechanisms. 26070414 1 82 theme children 155:162 arg1 today 164:168 children today 155:168 children today 155:168 Undernutrition remains one of the key global health challenges facing children today. 26070414 6 83 theme clustering 1016:1025 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 phylogenetic clustering analysis 1003:1034 phylogenetic clustering analysis 1003:1034 Our results suggest that the most important determinant of microbiome composition is body compartment; communities derived from ileum are distinct from those from cecum and colon as observed by phylogenetic clustering analysis. 26263455 5 0 theme practical 1133:1141 arg1 applications 1143:1154 practical applications 1133:1154 practical applications 1133:1154 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 2 1 theme wick 462:465 arg1 fluids 467:472 wick fluids 462:472 wick fluids 462:472 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 4 2 theme cross-coupling 850:863 arg1 reaction 865:872 the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction 839:872 the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction 839:872 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 0 3 dep System 125:130 arg1 Paper 40:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 4 4 theme paper 725:729 arg1 substrates 731:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates 699:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates 699:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 0 5 theme Self-Assembled 90:103 arg1 System 125:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 3 6 theme der 518:520 arg1 forces 528:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 4 7 theme excellent 955:963 arg1 recyclability 965:977 excellent recyclability 955:977 excellent recyclability 955:977 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 0 8 theme Recyclable 79:88 arg1 System 125:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 3 9 theme Waals 522:526 arg1 forces 528:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 0 10 theme Catalytic 115:123 arg1 System 125:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 2 11 theme cellulose 407:415 arg1 paper 424:428 cellulose filter paper 407:428 cellulose filter paper 407:428 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 3 12 theme Strong 507:512 arg1 forces 528:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 0 13 theme Composite 105:113 arg1 System 125:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 5 14 theme catalytic 1111:1119 arg1 support 1121:1127 catalytic support 1111:1127 catalytic support for practical applications 1111:1154 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 4 15 theme acids 832:836 arg1 homocoupling 804:815 the oxidative homocoupling 790:815 the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids 790:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 1 16 with system 272:277 arg1 efficiency 289:298 high efficiency 284:298 high efficiency 284:298 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 1 16 with system 272:277 arg1 recyclability 304:316 recyclability 304:316 recyclability 304:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 3 17 theme van 514:516 arg1 forces 528:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces 507:533 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 2 18 theme microfiber 485:494 arg1 structure 496:504 its microfiber structure 481:504 its microfiber structure 481:504 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 0 19 theme Nanoparticle-Loaded 10:28 arg1 Paper 40:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 5 20 theme support 1121:1127 arg1 types 1102:1106 new types 1098:1106 new types of catalytic support for practical applications 1098:1154 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 4 21 theme Suzuki 843:848 arg1 reaction 865:872 the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction 839:872 the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction 839:872 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 3 22 theme hydrophobic 539:549 arg1 interactions 551:562 hydrophobic interactions 539:562 hydrophobic interactions 539:562 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 0 23 theme Palladium 0:8 arg1 Paper 40:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 4 24 theme NP-loaded 715:723 arg1 paper 725:729 Pd NP-loaded paper 712:729 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates 699:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 2 25 theme organic 371:377 arg1 solvent 379:385 an organic solvent 368:385 an organic solvent 368:385 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 1 26 theme catalytic 262:270 arg1 system 272:277 a catalytic system 260:277 a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability 260:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 1 27 theme palladium 192:200 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 palladium nanoparticles 192:214 palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) 192:223 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 1 27 theme palladium 192:200 arg1 NPs 220:222 Pd NPs 217:222 Pd NPs 217:222 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 0 28 theme Cellulose 30:38 arg1 Paper 40:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper 0:44 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 1 29 theme system 272:277 arg1 development 245:255 development 245:255 development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability 245:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 4 30 theme model 766:770 arg1 homocoupling 804:815 the oxidative homocoupling 790:815 the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids 790:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 4 30 theme model 766:770 arg1 reactions 772:780 several model reactions 758:780 several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids 758:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 5 31 theme open 1083:1086 arg1 doors 1088:1092 open doors 1083:1092 open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications 1083:1154 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 1 32 theme nanoparticles 202:214 arg1 immobilization 174:187 the immobilization 170:187 the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability 170:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 3 33 from immersion 673:681 arg1 solvent 690:696 any solvent 686:696 any solvent 686:696 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 4 34 theme catalytic 932:940 arg1 activity 942:949 efficient catalytic activity 922:949 efficient catalytic activity 922:949 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 5 35 theme paper 1029:1033 arg1 substrates 1035:1044 NP-loaded paper substrates 1019:1044 NP-loaded paper substrates 1019:1044 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 5 35 theme paper 1029:1033 arg1 catalysts 1058:1066 reusable catalysts 1049:1066 reusable catalysts 1049:1066 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 1 36 theme high 284:287 arg1 efficiency 289:298 high efficiency 284:298 high efficiency 284:298 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 4 37 theme efficient 922:930 arg1 activity 942:949 efficient catalytic activity 922:949 efficient catalytic activity 922:949 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 3 38 theme nanoparticle 612:623 arg1 immobilization 625:638 nanoparticle immobilization 612:638 nanoparticle immobilization 612:638 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 4 39 theme oxidative 794:802 arg1 homocoupling 804:815 the oxidative homocoupling 790:815 the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids 790:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 1 40 theme Pd 217:218 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 palladium nanoparticles 192:214 palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) 192:223 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 1 40 theme Pd 217:218 arg1 NPs 220:222 Pd NPs 217:222 Pd NPs 217:222 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 0 41 theme Efficient 56:64 arg1 System 125:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 5 42 theme new 1098:1100 arg1 types 1102:1106 new types 1098:1106 new types of catalytic support for practical applications 1098:1154 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 4 43 theme arylboronic 820:830 arg1 acids 832:836 arylboronic acids 820:836 arylboronic acids 820:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 4 44 theme nitro-to-amine 879:892 arg1 reduction 894:902 nitro-to-amine reduction 879:902 nitro-to-amine reduction 879:902 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 5 45 theme reusable 1049:1056 arg1 substrates 1035:1044 NP-loaded paper substrates 1019:1044 NP-loaded paper substrates 1019:1044 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 5 45 theme reusable 1049:1056 arg1 catalysts 1058:1066 reusable catalysts 1049:1066 reusable catalysts 1049:1066 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 2 46 theme Pd 337:338 arg1 nanoparticles 340:352 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles 319:352 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles 319:352 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 3 47 theme further 665:671 arg1 immersion 673:681 further immersion 665:681 further immersion in any solvent 665:696 Strong van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the particles and the substrate lead to nanoparticle immobilization, with no desorption upon further immersion in any solvent. 26263455 2 48 theme Oleylamine-capped 319:335 arg1 nanoparticles 340:352 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles 319:352 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles 319:352 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 4 49 theme several 758:764 arg1 homocoupling 804:815 the oxidative homocoupling 790:815 the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids 790:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 4 49 theme several 758:764 arg1 reactions 772:780 several model reactions 758:780 several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids 758:836 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 1 50 from immobilization 174:187 arg1 paper 235:239 filter paper 228:239 filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability 228:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 4 51 theme prepared 703:710 arg1 substrates 731:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates 699:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates 699:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 4 52 theme Pd 712:713 arg1 paper 725:729 Pd NP-loaded paper 712:729 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates 699:740 The prepared Pd NP-loaded paper substrates were tested for several model reactions such as the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and nitro-to-amine reduction, and they display efficient catalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability. 26263455 0 53 theme Robust 67:72 arg1 System 125:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System 47:130 Palladium Nanoparticle-Loaded Cellulose Paper: A Highly Efficient, Robust, and Recyclable Self-Assembled Composite Catalytic System. 26263455 2 54 theme filter 417:422 arg1 paper 424:428 cellulose filter paper 407:428 cellulose filter paper 407:428 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 2 55 theme great 445:449 arg1 ability 451:457 a great ability 443:457 a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure 443:504 Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles, dispersed in an organic solvent, strongly adsorb on cellulose filter paper, which shows a great ability to wick fluids due to its microfiber structure. 26263455 5 56 theme NP-loaded 1019:1027 arg1 substrates 1035:1044 NP-loaded paper substrates 1019:1044 NP-loaded paper substrates 1019:1044 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 5 56 theme NP-loaded 1019:1027 arg1 catalysts 1058:1066 reusable catalysts 1049:1066 reusable catalysts 1049:1066 This approach of using NP-loaded paper substrates as reusable catalysts is expected to open doors for new types of catalytic support for practical applications. 26263455 1 57 theme novel 146:150 arg1 strategy 152:159 a novel strategy 144:159 a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability 144:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 26263455 1 58 theme filter 228:233 arg1 paper 235:239 filter paper 228:239 filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability 228:316 We present a novel strategy based on the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on filter paper for development of a catalytic system with high efficiency and recyclability. 28349375 9 0 theme biopolymer 1359:1368 arg1 composites 1370:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites 1344:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites 1344:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 3 1 theme film-forming 501:512 arg1 solutions 514:522 The film-forming solutions 497:522 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) 497:550 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 3 1 theme film-forming 501:512 arg1 gelatin 543:549 gelatin 543:549 gelatin 543:549 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 3 1 theme film-forming 501:512 arg1 C4S 535:537 C4S 535:537 C4S 535:537 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 3 1 theme film-forming 501:512 arg1 chitosan 525:532 chitosan 525:532 chitosan 525:532 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 6 2 with film 894:897 arg1 toxicity 908:915 low toxicity 904:915 low toxicity 904:915 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 6 2 with film 894:897 arg1 ability 924:930 an ability 921:930 an ability to release components 921:952 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 2 3 theme processing 353:362 arg1 waste 364:368 shrimp-head processing waste 341:368 shrimp-head processing waste 341:368 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 6 4 theme biocompatible 983:995 arg1 microenvironment 997:1012 a biocompatible microenvironment 981:1012 a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth 981:1028 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 5 5 theme Film 727:730 arg1 components 732:741 Film components 727:741 Film components 727:741 Film components were released into solution when incubated in PBS as demonstrated by protein and sugar determination. 28349375 6 6 theme low 904:906 arg1 toxicity 908:915 low toxicity 904:915 low toxicity 904:915 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 8 7 from tissue 1289:1294 arg1 chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO 1312:1335 chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO 1312:1335 chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO 1312:1335 Moreover, histological analysis showed increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films. 28349375 8 7 from tissue 1289:1294 arg1 chitosan 1299:1306 chitosan 1299:1306 chitosan 1299:1306 Moreover, histological analysis showed increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films. 28349375 0 8 theme Wound 89:93 arg1 Healing 95:101 Wound Healing 89:101 Wound Healing 89:101 Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Films Containing Gelatin, Chondroitin 4-Sulfate and ZnO for Wound Healing. 28349375 8 9 theme granulation 1277:1287 arg1 tissue 1289:1294 increased granulation tissue 1267:1294 increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films 1267:1341 Moreover, histological analysis showed increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films. 28349375 7 10 theme wound 1109:1113 arg1 contraction 1115:1125 wound contraction 1109:1125 wound contraction 1109:1125 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 4 11 theme red 661:663 arg1 cells 671:675 red blood cells 661:675 red blood cells 661:675 Chitosan was able to agglutinate red blood cells, and film-forming solutions induced no hemolysis. 28349375 1 12 contain containing 139:148 arg2 chondroitin-4-sulfate 162:182 chondroitin-4-sulfate 162:182 chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) 162:188 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 1 12 contain containing 139:148 arg2 gelatin 150:156 gelatin 150:156 gelatin 150:156 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 1 12 contain containing 139:148 arg1 films 133:137 chitosan-based films 118:137 chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles 118:219 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 1 12 contain containing 139:148 arg2 C4S 185:187 C4S 185:187 C4S 185:187 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 2 13 theme chitin 399:404 arg1 deacetylation 382:394 alkaline deacetylation 373:394 alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%) 373:494 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 7 14 theme healing 1100:1106 arg1 percentage 1080:1089 the percentage 1076:1089 the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin 1076:1149 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 3 15 theme ZnO 556:558 arg1 suspension 560:569 ZnO suspension 556:569 ZnO suspension 556:569 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 9 16 theme enhanced 1469:1476 arg1 properties 1478:1487 enhanced properties 1469:1487 them enhanced properties 1464:1487 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 9 17 used used 1390:1393 arg2 composites 1370:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites 1344:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites 1344:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 3 18 dep solutions 514:522 arg1 solutions 514:522 The film-forming solutions 497:522 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) 497:550 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 3 18 dep solutions 514:522 arg1 gelatin 543:549 gelatin 543:549 gelatin 543:549 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 3 18 dep solutions 514:522 arg1 C4S 535:537 C4S 535:537 C4S 535:537 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 3 18 dep solutions 514:522 arg1 chitosan 525:532 chitosan 525:532 chitosan 525:532 The film-forming solutions (chitosan, C4S and gelatin) and ZnO suspension showed no toxicity towards fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 28349375 4 19 theme blood 665:669 arg1 cells 671:675 red blood cells 661:675 red blood cells 661:675 Chitosan was able to agglutinate red blood cells, and film-forming solutions induced no hemolysis. 28349375 0 20 theme Films 29:33 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Films 0:33 Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Films Containing Gelatin, Chondroitin 4-Sulfate and ZnO for Wound Healing. 28349375 9 21 theme Chitosan-based 1344:1357 arg1 composites 1370:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites 1344:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites 1344:1379 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 9 22 dep them 1464:1467 arg1 properties 1478:1487 enhanced properties 1469:1487 them enhanced properties 1464:1487 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 8 23 theme histological 1238:1249 arg1 analysis 1251:1258 histological analysis 1238:1258 histological analysis 1238:1258 Moreover, histological analysis showed increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films. 28349375 2 24 theme molecular 439:447 arg1 weight 449:454 molecular weight 439:454 molecular weight 439:454 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 1 25 theme potential 276:284 arg1 healing 292:298 their potential wound healing 270:298 their potential wound healing properties 270:309 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 7 26 theme wound 1094:1098 arg1 healing 1100:1106 wound healing 1094:1106 wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) 1094:1141 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 6 27 theme stable 871:876 arg1 film 894:897 a stable, chitosan-based film 869:897 a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components 869:952 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 6 27 theme stable 871:876 arg1 able 963:966 able 963:966 able 963:966 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 4 28 theme film-forming 682:693 arg1 solutions 695:703 film-forming solutions 682:703 film-forming solutions 682:703 Chitosan was able to agglutinate red blood cells, and film-forming solutions induced no hemolysis. 28349375 7 29 dep healing 1100:1106 arg1 contraction 1115:1125 wound contraction 1109:1125 wound contraction 1109:1125 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 1 30 theme wound 286:290 arg1 healing 292:298 their potential wound healing 270:298 their potential wound healing properties 270:309 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 1 31 theme healing 292:298 arg1 properties 300:309 their potential wound healing properties 270:309 their potential wound healing properties 270:309 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 7 32 from percentage 1080:1089 arg1 skin 1146:1149 skin 1146:1149 skin 1146:1149 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 1 33 theme ZnO 207:209 arg1 particles 211:219 ZnO particles 207:219 ZnO particles 207:219 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 0 34 theme Chondroitin 55:65 arg1 4-Sulfate 67:75 Chondroitin 4-Sulfate 55:75 Chondroitin 4-Sulfate 55:75 Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Films Containing Gelatin, Chondroitin 4-Sulfate and ZnO for Wound Healing. 28349375 7 35 dep 86 1138:1139 arg1 to 1135:1136 to 1135:1136 to 1135:1136 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 2 36 theme shrimp-head 341:351 arg1 waste 364:368 shrimp-head processing waste 341:368 shrimp-head processing waste 341:368 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 6 37 dep stable 871:876 arg1 chitosan-based 879:892 chitosan-based 879:892 chitosan-based 879:892 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 8 38 dep chitosan 1299:1306 arg1 films 1337:1341 films 1337:1341 films 1337:1341 Moreover, histological analysis showed increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films. 28349375 8 39 theme increased 1267:1275 arg1 tissue 1289:1294 increased granulation tissue 1267:1294 increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films 1267:1341 Moreover, histological analysis showed increased granulation tissue in chitosan and chitosan/gelatin/C4S/ZnO films. 28349375 7 40 theme Chitosan-based 1031:1044 arg1 films 1046:1050 Chitosan-based films 1031:1050 Chitosan-based films 1031:1050 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 9 41 theme improved 1399:1406 arg1 applications 1419:1430 improved biomedical applications 1399:1430 improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings 1399:1454 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 9 41 theme improved 1399:1406 arg1 dressings 1446:1454 wound dressings 1440:1454 wound dressings 1440:1454 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 9 42 theme wound 1440:1444 arg1 dressings 1446:1454 wound dressings 1440:1454 wound dressings 1440:1454 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 5 43 theme sugar 824:828 arg1 determination 830:842 sugar determination 824:842 sugar determination 824:842 Film components were released into solution when incubated in PBS as demonstrated by protein and sugar determination. 28349375 1 44 theme chitosan-based 118:131 arg1 films 133:137 chitosan-based films 118:137 chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles 118:219 In this work, chitosan-based films containing gelatin and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) with and without ZnO particles were produced and tested in vitro to investigate their potential wound healing properties. 28349375 9 45 theme biomedical 1408:1417 arg1 applications 1419:1430 improved biomedical applications 1399:1430 improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings 1399:1454 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 9 45 theme biomedical 1408:1417 arg1 dressings 1446:1454 wound dressings 1440:1454 wound dressings 1440:1454 Chitosan-based biopolymer composites could be used for improved biomedical applications such as wound dressings, giving them enhanced properties. 28349375 2 46 theme alkaline 373:380 arg1 deacetylation 382:394 alkaline deacetylation 373:394 alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%) 373:494 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 6 47 theme cell 1018:1021 arg1 growth 1023:1028 cell growth 1018:1028 cell growth 1018:1028 These data suggest that a stable, chitosan-based film with low toxicity and an ability to release components would be able to establish a biocompatible microenvironment for cell growth. 28349375 2 48 theme deacetylation 470:482 arg1 % 493:493 80 ± 0.5% 485:493 80 ± 0.5% 485:493 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 2 48 theme deacetylation 470:482 arg1 degree 460:465 degree 460:465 degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%) 460:494 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 2 48 theme deacetylation 470:482 arg1 weight 449:454 molecular weight 439:454 molecular weight 439:454 Chitosans were produced from shrimp-head processing waste by alkaline deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosans differing in molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (80 ± 0.5%). 28349375 7 49 from % 1140:1140 arg1 contraction 1115:1125 wound contraction 1109:1125 wound contraction 1109:1125 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 28349375 0 50 theme Chitosan-Based 14:27 arg1 Films 29:33 Chitosan-Based Films 14:33 Chitosan-Based Films 14:33 Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Films Containing Gelatin, Chondroitin 4-Sulfate and ZnO for Wound Healing. 28349375 7 51 theme full-thickness 1156:1169 arg1 excision 1171:1178 full-thickness excision 1156:1178 full-thickness excision 1156:1178 Chitosan-based films significantly increased the percentage of wound healing (wound contraction from 65 to 86%) in skin with full-thickness excision when compared with control (51%), after 6 days. 24470377 3 0 theme trace 706:710 arg1 residues 738:745 ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 702:745 ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 702:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 3 1 theme pesticide 728:736 arg1 residues 738:745 ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 702:745 ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 702:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 1 2 theme O3 156:157 arg1 microspheres 178:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 1 3 theme thermogravimetric 249:265 arg1 analysis 267:274 thermogravimetric analysis 249:274 thermogravimetric analysis 249:274 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 0 4 theme gas 82:84 arg1 chromatography 86:99 gas chromatography 82:99 gas chromatography 82:99 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 0 5 from determination 13:25 arg1 fruits 72:77 fruits 72:77 fruits 72:77 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 1 6 theme /chitosan 159:167 arg1 microspheres 178:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 2 7 theme omethoate 522:530 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 8 8 theme peach 1376:1380 arg1 samples 1382:1388 peach samples 1376:1388 peach samples 1376:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 7 9 theme apple 1076:1080 arg1 samples 1082:1088 The pear and apple samples 1063:1088 samples 1082:1088 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 8 10 from determination 1313:1325 arg1 samples 1382:1388 peach samples 1376:1388 peach samples 1376:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 2 11 theme phosphamidon 533:544 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 3 12 theme residues 738:745 arg1 determination 685:697 the simultaneous determination 668:697 the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 668:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 4 13 theme optimal 772:778 arg1 conditions 780:789 the optimal conditions 768:789 the optimal conditions 768:789 Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factor for ten organophosphorus pesticides was 10.1-364.7 and linear range was 0.001-10.0 mg/L. 24470377 7 14 theme good 1210:1213 arg1 recoveries 1215:1224 good recoveries 1210:1224 good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7% 1210:1251 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 2 15 theme good 380:383 arg1 ability 396:402 good adsorption ability 380:402 good adsorption ability 380:402 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 0 16 from residues 60:67 arg1 fruits 72:77 fruits 72:77 fruits 72:77 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 4 17 theme linear 869:874 arg1 range 876:880 linear range 869:880 linear range 869:880 Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factor for ten organophosphorus pesticides was 10.1-364.7 and linear range was 0.001-10.0 mg/L. 24470377 8 18 from residues 1364:1371 arg1 samples 1382:1388 peach samples 1376:1388 peach samples 1376:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 1 19 theme magnetic 169:176 arg1 microspheres 178:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 0 20 theme magnetic 114:121 arg1 separation 123:132 magnetic separation 114:132 magnetic separation 114:132 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 3 21 theme organophosphate 712:726 arg1 residues 738:745 ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 702:745 ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 702:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 2 22 theme methyl 492:497 arg1 parathion 499:507 methyl parathion 492:507 methyl parathion 492:507 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 7 23 theme μg/kg 1147:1151 arg1 levels 1153:1158 20 and 200 μg/kg levels 1136:1158 20 and 200 μg/kg levels 1136:1158 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 2 24 theme methamidophos 466:478 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 2 25 theme parathion 499:507 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 5 26 theme method 928:933 arg1 S/N 912:914 S/N = 3 912:918 S/N = 3 912:918 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides was 0.31-3.59 μg/kg. 24470377 5 26 theme method 928:933 arg1 LOD 907:909 The LOD 903:909 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides 903:956 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides was 0.31-3.59 μg/kg. 24470377 5 26 theme method 928:933 arg1 μg/kg 972:976 0.31-3.59 μg/kg 962:976 0.31-3.59 μg/kg 962:976 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides was 0.31-3.59 μg/kg. 24470377 0 27 theme Simultaneous 0:11 arg1 determination 13:25 Simultaneous determination 0:25 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography 0:99 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 1 28 theme static 281:286 arg1 experiments 311:321 static and kinetic adsorption experiments 281:321 experiments 311:321 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 7 29 theme pear 1067:1070 arg1 samples 1082:1088 The pear and apple samples 1063:1088 samples 1082:1088 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 2 30 theme trichlorfon 453:463 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 8 31 theme residues 1364:1371 arg1 determination 1313:1325 the determination 1309:1325 the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples 1309:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 1 32 theme kinetic 292:298 arg1 experiments 311:321 static and kinetic adsorption experiments 281:321 experiments 311:321 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 2 33 theme isocarbophos 556:567 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 7 34 from levels 1153:1158 arg1 pesticides 1122:1131 ten organophosphate pesticides 1102:1131 ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels 1102:1158 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 5 35 theme = 916:916 arg1 S/N 912:914 S/N = 3 912:918 S/N = 3 912:918 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides was 0.31-3.59 μg/kg. 24470377 5 35 theme = 916:916 arg1 LOD 907:909 The LOD 903:909 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides 903:956 The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method for the ten pesticides was 0.31-3.59 μg/kg. 24470377 8 36 from samples 1382:1388 arg1 determination 1313:1325 the determination 1309:1325 the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples 1309:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 6 37 dep extractions 1007:1017 arg1 replicate 997:1005 replicate 997:1005 replicate 997:1005 The RSD for three replicate extractions of spiked samples was between 2.5 and 6.3%. 24470377 0 38 theme pesticide 50:58 arg1 residues 60:67 ten organophosphate pesticide residues 30:67 ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits 30:77 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 1 39 theme adsorption 300:309 arg1 experiments 311:321 static and kinetic adsorption experiments 281:321 experiments 311:321 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 8 40 theme pesticide 1354:1362 arg1 residues 1364:1371 the ten organophosphate pesticide residues 1330:1371 the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples 1330:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 6 41 theme samples 1029:1035 arg1 extractions 1007:1017 three replicate extractions 991:1017 three replicate extractions of spiked samples 991:1035 The RSD for three replicate extractions of spiked samples was between 2.5 and 6.3%. 24470377 0 42 theme organophosphate 34:48 arg1 residues 60:67 ten organophosphate pesticide residues 30:67 ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits 30:77 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 2 43 theme phorate 547:553 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 3 44 theme magnetic 637:644 arg1 SPE 646:648 magnetic SPE 637:648 magnetic SPE coupled to GC 637:662 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 4 45 theme organophosphorus 822:837 arg1 pesticides 839:848 ten organophosphorus pesticides 818:848 ten organophosphorus pesticides 818:848 Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factor for ten organophosphorus pesticides was 10.1-364.7 and linear range was 0.001-10.0 mg/L. 24470377 1 46 theme X-ray 225:229 arg1 diffraction 231:241 X-ray diffraction 225:241 X-ray diffraction 225:241 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 24470377 2 47 theme malathion 481:489 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 0 48 from fruits 72:77 arg1 determination 13:25 Simultaneous determination 0:25 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography 0:99 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 0 49 theme residues 60:67 arg1 determination 13:25 Simultaneous determination 0:25 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography 0:99 Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. 24470377 2 50 theme fast 417:420 arg1 kinetics 422:429 fast kinetics 417:429 fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 417:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 3 51 theme SPE 646:648 arg1 method 627:632 a simple method 618:632 a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 618:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 3 52 theme magnetic 597:604 arg1 separation 606:615 magnetic separation 597:615 magnetic separation 597:615 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 2 53 theme magnetic 348:355 arg1 microspheres 357:368 the magnetic microspheres 344:368 the magnetic microspheres 344:368 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 2 54 theme chlorpyrifos 574:585 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 3 55 theme simultaneous 672:683 arg1 determination 685:697 the simultaneous determination 668:697 the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 668:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 7 56 theme organophosphate 1106:1120 arg1 pesticides 1122:1131 ten organophosphate pesticides 1102:1131 ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels 1102:1158 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 8 57 theme organophosphate 1338:1352 arg1 residues 1364:1371 the ten organophosphate pesticide residues 1330:1371 the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples 1330:1388 Moreover, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of the ten organophosphate pesticide residues in peach samples. 24470377 7 58 dep 98.7 1247:1250 arg1 to 1244:1245 to 1244:1245 to 1244:1245 The pear and apple samples spiked with ten organophosphate pesticides at 20 and 200 μg/kg levels were extracted and determined by this method with good recoveries ranging from 79.9 to 98.7%. 24470377 4 59 theme enrichment 796:805 arg1 factor 807:812 the enrichment factor 792:812 the enrichment factor for ten organophosphorus pesticides 792:848 Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factor for ten organophosphorus pesticides was 10.1-364.7 and linear range was 0.001-10.0 mg/L. 24470377 4 59 theme enrichment 796:805 arg1 10.1-364.7 854:863 10.1-364.7 854:863 10.1-364.7 854:863 Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factor for ten organophosphorus pesticides was 10.1-364.7 and linear range was 0.001-10.0 mg/L. 24470377 2 60 theme adsorption 385:394 arg1 ability 396:402 good adsorption ability 380:402 good adsorption ability 380:402 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 6 61 theme spiked 1022:1027 arg1 samples 1029:1035 spiked samples 1022:1035 spiked samples 1022:1035 The RSD for three replicate extractions of spiked samples was between 2.5 and 6.3%. 24470377 2 62 theme dimethoate 510:519 arg1 adsorption 439:448 the adsorption 435:448 the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos 435:585 Results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited good adsorption ability, and offered fast kinetics for the adsorption of trichlorfon, methamidophos, malathion, methyl parathion, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphamidon, phorate, isocarbophos, and chlorpyrifos. 24470377 3 63 theme simple 620:625 arg1 method 627:632 a simple method 618:632 a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues 618:745 Based on magnetic separation, a simple method of magnetic SPE coupled to GC for the simultaneous determination of ten trace organophosphate pesticide residues was developed. 24470377 1 64 theme γ-Fe2 150:154 arg1 microspheres 178:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres 150:189 In this study, γ-Fe2 O3 /chitosan magnetic microspheres were synthesized and evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. 26824830 8 0 theme typical 978:984 arg1 crystallites 993:1004 typical A-type crystallites 978:1004 typical A-type crystallites 978:1004 All displayed typical A-type crystallites. 26824830 4 1 theme physiochemical 537:550 arg1 properties 567:576 the physiochemical and structural properties 533:576 the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 533:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 10 2 theme enthalpy 1225:1232 arg1 changes 1234:1240 different enthalpy changes 1215:1240 different enthalpy changes 1215:1240 Granules differing in gelatinization temperature (ΔH) and transition temperature (ΔT), showed different enthalpy changes during heating. 26824830 2 3 theme textural 261:268 arg1 classes 270:276 the two textural classes 253:276 the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft 253:304 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 17 4 theme wheat 1976:1980 arg1 granules 1959:1966 starch granules 1952:1966 starch granules of hard wheat 1952:1980 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 7 5 theme birefringence 919:931 arg1 pattern 933:939 symmetrical birefringence pattern 907:939 symmetrical birefringence pattern 907:939 All had symmetrical birefringence pattern with varied intensity. 26824830 5 6 theme % 779:779 arg1 purity 781:786 >95% purity 776:786 >95% purity 776:786 A-, B- and C-type granules were separated with >95% purity. 26824830 6 7 theme Average 789:795 arg1 number 797:802 Average number 789:802 Average number 789:802 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 17 8 theme clear 1989:1993 arg1 paste 1995:1999 clear paste 1989:1999 clear paste 1989:1999 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 18 9 contain have 2110:2113 arg2 differences 2115:2125 differences 2115:2125 differences in starch composition 2115:2147 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 18 9 contain have 2110:2113 arg1 lines 2104:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 4 10 theme sized 591:595 arg1 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 10 theme sized 591:595 arg1 granules 604:611 different sized starch granules 581:611 different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 581:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 10 theme sized 591:595 arg1 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 10 theme sized 591:595 arg1 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 12 11 theme hard 1506:1509 arg1 wheat 1511:1515 hard wheat 1506:1515 hard wheat 1506:1515 Birefringence, percentage crystallinity, transmittance, gelatinization enthalpy and substitution decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in hard wheat than soft wheat. 26824830 4 12 theme granules 604:611 arg1 properties 567:576 the physiochemical and structural properties 533:576 the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 533:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 13 13 theme hard 1610:1613 arg1 wheat 1615:1619 hard wheat 1610:1619 hard wheat 1610:1619 Amylose content decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in soft wheat than hard wheat. 26824830 9 14 theme complexes 1085:1093 arg1 indicative 1064:1073 indicative 1064:1073 indicative 1064:1073 A-type granules also showed V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins. 26824830 18 15 theme wheat 2098:2102 arg1 lines 2104:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 6 16 theme C-type 834:839 arg1 granules 841:848 C-type granules 834:848 C-type granules 834:848 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 17 17 theme granules 1925:1932 arg1 Transmittance 1897:1909 Transmittance 1897:1909 Transmittance of the starch granules paste 1897:1938 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 15 18 theme total 1773:1777 arg1 starch 1779:1784 total starch 1773:1784 total starch 1773:1784 Addition of A-granules to total starch significantly affected its thermal properties. 26824830 18 19 from differences 2046:2056 arg1 concentration 2069:2081 protein concentration 2061:2081 protein concentration 2061:2081 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 12 20 theme A>B>C 1484:1488 arg1 order 1475:1479 order 1475:1479 order of A>B>C 1475:1488 Birefringence, percentage crystallinity, transmittance, gelatinization enthalpy and substitution decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in hard wheat than soft wheat. 26824830 2 21 dep hard 292:295 arg1 i.e. 287:290 i.e. 287:290 i.e. 287:290 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 17 22 theme starch 1952:1957 arg1 granules 1959:1966 starch granules 1952:1966 starch granules of hard wheat 1952:1980 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 11 23 theme granules 1355:1362 arg1 pattern 1327:1333 relative substitution pattern 1305:1333 relative substitution pattern of different starch granules 1305:1362 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 4 24 dep soft 708:711 arg1 wheat 722:726 wheat 722:726 wheat 722:726 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 3 25 contain have 458:461 arg1 It 449:450 It 449:450 It 449:450 It might have impact on starch granules properties. 26824830 3 25 contain have 458:461 arg2 impact 463:468 impact 463:468 impact 463:468 It might have impact on starch granules properties. 26824830 18 26 theme protein 2061:2067 arg1 concentration 2069:2081 protein concentration 2061:2081 protein concentration 2061:2081 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 13 27 theme soft 1594:1597 arg1 wheat 1599:1603 soft wheat 1594:1603 soft wheat 1594:1603 Amylose content decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in soft wheat than hard wheat. 26824830 0 28 theme Trimodal 73:80 arg1 Distribution 82:93 Trimodal Distribution 73:93 Trimodal Distribution 73:93 Soft and Hard Textured Wheat Differ in Starch Properties as Indicated by Trimodal Distribution, Morphology, Thermal and Crystalline Properties. 26824830 12 29 theme gelatinization 1421:1434 arg1 enthalpy 1436:1443 gelatinization enthalpy 1421:1443 gelatinization enthalpy 1421:1443 Birefringence, percentage crystallinity, transmittance, gelatinization enthalpy and substitution decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in hard wheat than soft wheat. 26824830 11 30 theme relative 1305:1312 arg1 pattern 1327:1333 relative substitution pattern 1305:1333 relative substitution pattern of different starch granules 1305:1362 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 13 31 theme A>B>C 1572:1576 arg1 order 1563:1567 order 1563:1567 order of A>B>C 1563:1576 Amylose content decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in soft wheat than hard wheat. 26824830 12 32 theme soft 1522:1525 arg1 wheat 1527:1531 soft wheat 1522:1531 soft wheat 1522:1531 Birefringence, percentage crystallinity, transmittance, gelatinization enthalpy and substitution decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in hard wheat than soft wheat. 26824830 13 33 theme Amylose 1534:1540 arg1 content 1542:1548 Amylose content 1534:1548 Amylose content 1534:1548 Amylose content decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in soft wheat than hard wheat. 26824830 9 34 theme V-type 1035:1040 arg1 crystallinity 1042:1054 V-type crystallinity 1035:1054 V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins 1035:1118 A-type granules also showed V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins. 26824830 11 35 theme different 1338:1346 arg1 granules 1355:1362 different starch granules 1338:1362 different starch granules 1338:1362 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 5 36 theme C-type 740:745 arg1 granules 747:754 C-type granules 740:754 C-type granules 740:754 A-, B- and C-type granules were separated with >95% purity. 26824830 12 37 theme percentage 1380:1389 arg1 crystallinity 1391:1403 percentage crystallinity 1380:1403 percentage crystallinity 1380:1403 Birefringence, percentage crystallinity, transmittance, gelatinization enthalpy and substitution decreased in order of A>B>C being higher in hard wheat than soft wheat. 26824830 2 38 theme softness 430:437 arg1 proteins 439:446 interfering grain softness proteins 412:446 interfering grain softness proteins 412:446 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 2 39 theme interfering 412:422 arg1 proteins 439:446 interfering grain softness proteins 412:446 interfering grain softness proteins 412:446 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 2 40 theme starch 307:312 arg1 granules 314:321 starch granules 307:321 starch granules 307:321 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 11 41 from differences 1290:1300 arg1 pattern 1327:1333 relative substitution pattern 1305:1333 relative substitution pattern of different starch granules 1305:1362 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 14 42 theme starch 1730:1735 arg1 granules 1737:1744 starch granules 1730:1744 starch granules 1730:1744 Reconstitution experiment showed that starch properties could be manipulated by changing the composition of starch granules. 26824830 6 43 theme B- 826:827 arg1 proportion 808:817 proportion 808:817 proportion 808:817 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 6 43 theme B- 826:827 arg1 number 797:802 Average number 789:802 Average number 789:802 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 0 44 dep Soft 0:3 arg1 Wheat 23:27 Textured Wheat 14:27 Textured Wheat 14:27 Soft and Hard Textured Wheat Differ in Starch Properties as Indicated by Trimodal Distribution, Morphology, Thermal and Crystalline Properties. 26824830 7 45 theme varied 946:951 arg1 intensity 953:961 varied intensity 946:961 varied intensity 946:961 All had symmetrical birefringence pattern with varied intensity. 26824830 9 46 theme A-type 1007:1012 arg1 granules 1014:1021 A-type granules 1007:1021 A-type granules 1007:1021 A-type granules also showed V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins. 26824830 1 47 theme product 228:234 arg1 quality 236:242 its end product quality 220:242 its end product quality 220:242 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 1 48 theme end 224:226 arg1 quality 236:242 its end product quality 220:242 its end product quality 220:242 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 6 49 theme A- 822:823 arg1 proportion 808:817 proportion 808:817 proportion 808:817 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 6 49 theme A- 822:823 arg1 number 797:802 Average number 789:802 Average number 789:802 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 4 50 theme first 522:526 arg1 time 528:531 the first time 518:531 the first time 518:531 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 11 51 theme Substitution 1258:1269 arg1 analysis 1271:1278 Substitution analysis 1258:1278 Substitution analysis 1258:1278 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 8 52 theme A-type 986:991 arg1 crystallites 993:1004 typical A-type crystallites 978:1004 typical A-type crystallites 978:1004 All displayed typical A-type crystallites. 26824830 7 53 theme symmetrical 907:917 arg1 pattern 933:939 symmetrical birefringence pattern 907:939 symmetrical birefringence pattern 907:939 All had symmetrical birefringence pattern with varied intensity. 26824830 10 54 theme different 1215:1223 arg1 changes 1234:1240 different enthalpy changes 1215:1240 different enthalpy changes 1215:1240 Granules differing in gelatinization temperature (ΔH) and transition temperature (ΔT), showed different enthalpy changes during heating. 26824830 3 55 theme granules 480:487 arg1 properties 489:498 starch granules properties 473:498 starch granules properties 473:498 It might have impact on starch granules properties. 26824830 5 56 theme >95 776:778 arg1 % 779:779 % 779:779 % 779:779 A-, B- and C-type granules were separated with >95% purity. 26824830 17 57 theme starch 1918:1923 arg1 granules 1925:1932 the starch granules paste 1914:1938 the starch granules paste 1914:1938 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 15 58 theme thermal 1813:1819 arg1 properties 1821:1830 its thermal properties 1809:1830 its thermal properties 1809:1830 Addition of A-granules to total starch significantly affected its thermal properties. 26824830 18 59 from differences 2115:2125 arg1 composition 2137:2147 starch composition 2130:2147 starch composition 2130:2147 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 1 60 theme major 168:172 arg1 proteins 155:162 proteins 155:162 proteins 155:162 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 1 60 theme major 168:172 arg1 components 174:183 major components 168:183 major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality 168:242 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 1 60 theme major 168:172 arg1 Starch 144:149 Starch 144:149 Starch 144:149 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 18 61 theme soft 2093:2096 arg1 lines 2104:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 2 62 theme wheat 281:285 arg1 classes 270:276 the two textural classes 253:276 the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft 253:304 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 18 63 theme hard 2084:2087 arg1 lines 2104:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 hard and soft wheat lines 2084:2108 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 4 64 theme different 581:589 arg1 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 64 theme different 581:589 arg1 granules 604:611 different sized starch granules 581:611 different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 581:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 64 theme different 581:589 arg1 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 64 theme different 581:589 arg1 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 0 65 theme Crystalline 120:130 arg1 Properties 132:141 Crystalline Properties 120:141 Crystalline Properties 120:141 Soft and Hard Textured Wheat Differ in Starch Properties as Indicated by Trimodal Distribution, Morphology, Thermal and Crystalline Properties. 26824830 9 66 theme starch 1078:1083 arg1 complexes 1085:1093 starch complexes 1078:1093 starch complexes with lipids and proteins 1078:1118 A-type granules also showed V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins. 26824830 1 67 theme wheat 192:196 arg1 endosperm 198:206 the wheat endosperm 188:206 the wheat endosperm 188:206 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 6 68 theme granules 841:848 arg1 proportion 808:817 proportion 808:817 proportion 808:817 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 6 68 theme granules 841:848 arg1 number 797:802 Average number 789:802 Average number 789:802 Average number and proportion of A-, B-, and C-type granules was 18%, 56%, 26% and 76%, 19%, 5% respectively. 26824830 4 69 theme starch 597:602 arg1 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 69 theme starch 597:602 arg1 granules 604:611 different sized starch granules 581:611 different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 581:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 69 theme starch 597:602 arg1 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 69 theme starch 597:602 arg1 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 17 70 theme paste 1934:1938 arg1 granules 1925:1932 the starch granules paste 1914:1938 the starch granules paste 1914:1938 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 7 71 contain had 903:905 arg1 All 899:901 All 899:901 All 899:901 All had symmetrical birefringence pattern with varied intensity. 26824830 7 71 contain had 903:905 arg2 pattern 933:939 symmetrical birefringence pattern 907:939 symmetrical birefringence pattern 907:939 All had symmetrical birefringence pattern with varied intensity. 26824830 11 72 theme starch 1348:1353 arg1 granules 1355:1362 different starch granules 1338:1362 different starch granules 1338:1362 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 1 73 from components 174:183 arg1 endosperm 198:206 the wheat endosperm 188:206 the wheat endosperm 188:206 Starch and proteins are major components in the wheat endosperm that affect its end product quality. 26824830 14 74 theme granules 1737:1744 arg1 composition 1715:1725 the composition 1711:1725 the composition of starch granules 1711:1744 Reconstitution experiment showed that starch properties could be manipulated by changing the composition of starch granules. 26824830 2 75 theme proteins 439:446 arg1 expression 398:407 higher expression 391:407 higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins 391:446 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 17 76 theme hard 1971:1974 arg1 wheat 1976:1980 hard wheat 1971:1980 hard wheat 1971:1980 Transmittance of the starch granules paste showed that starch granules of hard wheat formed clear paste. 26824830 16 77 theme addition 1853:1860 arg1 Effect 1833:1838 Effect 1833:1838 Effect of A-granule addition 1833:1860 Effect of A-granule addition was higher than B- and C-granules. 26824830 10 78 theme gelatinization 1143:1156 arg1 ΔH 1171:1172 ΔH 1171:1172 ΔH 1171:1172 Granules differing in gelatinization temperature (ΔH) and transition temperature (ΔT), showed different enthalpy changes during heating. 26824830 10 78 theme gelatinization 1143:1156 arg1 temperature 1158:1168 gelatinization temperature 1143:1168 gelatinization temperature (ΔH) 1143:1173 Granules differing in gelatinization temperature (ΔH) and transition temperature (ΔT), showed different enthalpy changes during heating. 26824830 2 79 theme higher 391:396 arg1 expression 398:407 higher expression 391:407 higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins 391:446 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 9 80 with complexes 1085:1093 arg1 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 A-type granules also showed V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins. 26824830 9 80 with complexes 1085:1093 arg1 lipids 1100:1105 lipids 1100:1105 lipids 1100:1105 A-type granules also showed V-type crystallinity that is indicative of starch complexes with lipids and proteins. 26824830 0 81 theme Textured 14:21 arg1 Wheat 23:27 Textured Wheat 14:27 Textured Wheat 14:27 Soft and Hard Textured Wheat Differ in Starch Properties as Indicated by Trimodal Distribution, Morphology, Thermal and Crystalline Properties. 26824830 4 82 from differences 668:678 arg1 starches 683:690 starches 683:690 starches with respect to soft and hard wheat 683:726 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 11 83 theme substitution 1314:1325 arg1 pattern 1327:1333 relative substitution pattern 1305:1333 relative substitution pattern of different starch granules 1305:1362 Substitution analysis indicated differences in relative substitution pattern of different starch granules. 26824830 2 84 theme soft 373:376 arg1 wheat 378:382 soft wheat 373:382 soft wheat 373:382 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 4 85 dep granules 604:611 arg1 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 A- 614:615 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 85 dep granules 604:611 arg1 granules 604:611 different sized starch granules 581:611 different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 581:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 85 dep granules 604:611 arg1 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 C-granules 625:634 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 4 85 dep granules 604:611 arg1 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 B- 618:619 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 2 86 theme grain 424:428 arg1 proteins 439:446 interfering grain softness proteins 412:446 interfering grain softness proteins 412:446 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 0 87 theme Starch 39:44 arg1 Properties 46:55 Starch Properties 39:55 Starch Properties 39:55 Soft and Hard Textured Wheat Differ in Starch Properties as Indicated by Trimodal Distribution, Morphology, Thermal and Crystalline Properties. 26824830 16 88 theme A-granule 1843:1851 arg1 addition 1853:1860 A-granule addition 1843:1860 A-granule addition 1843:1860 Effect of A-granule addition was higher than B- and C-granules. 26824830 10 89 theme transition 1179:1188 arg1 temperature 1190:1200 transition temperature 1179:1200 transition temperature (ΔT) 1179:1205 Granules differing in gelatinization temperature (ΔH) and transition temperature (ΔT), showed different enthalpy changes during heating. 26824830 10 89 theme transition 1179:1188 arg1 ΔT 1203:1204 ΔT 1203:1204 ΔT 1203:1204 Granules differing in gelatinization temperature (ΔH) and transition temperature (ΔT), showed different enthalpy changes during heating. 26824830 14 90 theme starch 1660:1665 arg1 properties 1667:1676 starch properties 1660:1676 starch properties 1660:1676 Reconstitution experiment showed that starch properties could be manipulated by changing the composition of starch granules. 26824830 2 91 from lipids 350:355 arg1 wheat 378:382 soft wheat 373:382 soft wheat 373:382 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 18 92 theme starch 2130:2135 arg1 composition 2137:2147 starch composition 2130:2147 starch composition 2130:2147 These results suggested that in addition to differences in protein concentration, hard and soft wheat lines have differences in starch composition also. 26824830 4 93 theme structural 556:565 arg1 properties 567:576 the physiochemical and structural properties 533:576 the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) 533:635 In this work for the first time the physiochemical and structural properties of different sized starch granules (A-, B- and C-granules) were studied to understand the differences in starches with respect to soft and hard wheat. 26824830 2 94 from proteins 361:368 arg1 wheat 378:382 soft wheat 373:382 soft wheat 373:382 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 15 95 theme A-granules 1759:1768 arg1 Addition 1747:1754 Addition 1747:1754 Addition of A-granules to total starch 1747:1784 Addition of A-granules to total starch significantly affected its thermal properties. 26824830 2 96 dep lipids 350:355 arg1 the 346:348 the 346:348 the 346:348 Between the two textural classes of wheat i.e. hard and soft, starch granules are loosely bound with the lipids and proteins in soft wheat due to higher expression of interfering grain softness proteins. 26824830 3 97 theme starch 473:478 arg1 properties 489:498 starch granules properties 473:498 starch granules properties 473:498 It might have impact on starch granules properties. 26824830 14 98 theme Reconstitution 1622:1635 arg1 experiment 1637:1646 Reconstitution experiment 1622:1646 Reconstitution experiment 1622:1646 Reconstitution experiment showed that starch properties could be manipulated by changing the composition of starch granules. 28274867 0 0 theme Sepia 85:89 arg1 prashadi 91:98 Sepia prashadi 85:98 Sepia prashadi 85:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 2 1 from content 306:312 arg1 chitosan 317:324 chitosan 317:324 chitosan 317:324 The sulfate content in chitosan was found to be 18.9%. 28274867 7 2 theme metal-ion 919:927 arg1 effect 939:944 metal-ion chelating effect 919:944 metal-ion chelating effect 919:944 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 0 3 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 prashadi 91:98 Sepia prashadi 85:98 Sepia prashadi 85:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 8 4 theme human 1008:1012 arg1 plasma 1014:1019 human plasma 1008:1019 human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) 1008:1106 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 7 5 theme chelating 929:937 arg1 effect 939:944 metal-ion chelating effect 919:944 metal-ion chelating effect 919:944 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 2 6 theme sulfate 298:304 arg1 % 346:346 18.9% 342:346 18.9% 342:346 The sulfate content in chitosan was found to be 18.9%. 28274867 2 6 theme sulfate 298:304 arg1 content 306:312 The sulfate content 294:312 The sulfate content in chitosan 294:324 The sulfate content in chitosan was found to be 18.9%. 28274867 7 7 dep in 768:769 arg1 vitro 771:775 vitro 771:775 vitro 771:775 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 5 8 theme sulfated 570:577 arg1 chitosan 579:586 sulfated chitosan 570:586 sulfated chitosan 570:586 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 7 9 theme chitosan 810:817 arg1 activity 789:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity 756:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan 756:817 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 8 10 theme Prothrombin 1086:1096 arg1 PT 1104:1105 PT 1104:1105 PT 1104:1105 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 8 10 theme Prothrombin 1086:1096 arg1 Time 1098:1101 Prothrombin Time 1086:1101 Prothrombin Time (PT) 1086:1106 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 0 11 from analysis 50:57 arg1 prashadi 91:98 Sepia prashadi 85:98 Sepia prashadi 85:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 5 12 theme chitosan 579:586 arg1 curves 560:565 The DSC curves 552:565 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan 552:586 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 7 13 theme radical 893:899 arg1 assay 912:916 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 884:916 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 884:916 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 7 14 theme assay 912:916 arg1 activity 846:853 scavenging activity 835:853 scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power 835:963 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 5 15 theme large 597:601 arg1 peak 615:618 a large endothermic peak 595:618 a large endothermic peak 595:618 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 7 16 theme scavenging 901:910 arg1 assay 912:916 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 884:916 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 884:916 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 7 17 theme sulfated 801:808 arg1 chitosan 810:817 sulfated chitosan 801:817 sulfated chitosan 801:817 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 3 18 theme chitosan 411:418 arg1 nitrogen 374:381 nitrogen 374:381 nitrogen 374:381 The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. 28274867 3 18 theme chitosan 411:418 arg1 hydrogen 361:368 hydrogen 361:368 hydrogen 361:368 The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. 28274867 3 18 theme chitosan 411:418 arg1 carbon 353:358 carbon 353:358 carbon 353:358 The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. 28274867 5 19 theme endothermic 603:613 arg1 peak 615:618 a large endothermic peak 595:618 a large endothermic peak 595:618 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 7 20 theme hydroxyl 884:891 arg1 radical 893:899 hydroxyl radical 884:899 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 884:916 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 7 21 theme antioxidant 777:787 arg1 activity 789:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity 756:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan 756:817 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 0 22 theme activities 26:35 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of antioxidant activities 0:35 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 0 22 theme activities 26:35 arg1 analysis 50:57 chemical analysis 41:57 chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi 41:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 4 23 theme FT-IR 514:518 arg1 spectroscopy 528:539 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 514:539 spectroscopy 528:539 The structural analysis was done by using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique. 28274867 5 24 theme TP 658:659 arg1 value 661:665 TP value 658:665 TP value of 97.46°C 658:676 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 5 25 theme DSC 556:558 arg1 curves 560:565 The DSC curves 552:565 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan 552:586 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 9 26 theme sulfated 1128:1135 arg1 chitosan 1137:1144 sulfated chitosan 1128:1144 sulfated chitosan 1128:1144 Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. 28274867 1 27 theme deacetylation 196:208 arg1 process 210:216 deacetylation process 196:216 deacetylation process 196:216 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 1 27 theme deacetylation 196:208 arg1 demineralization 161:176 demineralization 161:176 demineralization 161:176 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 0 28 theme antioxidant 14:24 arg1 activities 26:35 antioxidant activities 14:35 antioxidant activities 14:35 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 4 29 theme spectroscopy 528:539 arg1 technique 541:549 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique 514:549 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique 514:549 The structural analysis was done by using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique. 28274867 8 30 theme Activated 1037:1045 arg1 APTT 1076:1079 APTT 1076:1079 APTT 1076:1079 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 8 30 theme Activated 1037:1045 arg1 Time 1070:1073 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1037:1073 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 1037:1080 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 8 31 theme Thromboplastin 1055:1068 arg1 APTT 1076:1079 APTT 1076:1079 APTT 1076:1079 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 8 31 theme Thromboplastin 1055:1068 arg1 Time 1070:1073 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1037:1073 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 1037:1080 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 7 32 theme in 768:769 arg1 activity 789:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity 756:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan 756:817 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 0 33 theme chemical 41:48 arg1 analysis 50:57 chemical analysis 41:57 chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi 41:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 4 34 theme NMR 524:526 arg1 spectroscopy 528:539 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 514:539 spectroscopy 528:539 The structural analysis was done by using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique. 28274867 1 35 from acid 263:266 arg1 N-dimethylformamide 273:291 N-dimethylformamide 273:291 N-dimethylformamide 273:291 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 1 35 from acid 263:266 arg1 N 271:271 N 271:271 N 271:271 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 3 36 theme sulfated 402:409 arg1 chitosan 411:418 the sulfated chitosan 398:418 the sulfated chitosan 398:418 The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. 28274867 5 37 theme 97.46°C 670:676 arg1 value 661:665 TP value 658:665 TP value of 97.46°C 658:676 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 5 37 theme 97.46°C 670:676 arg1 value 637:641 value 637:641 value of 54.57°C 637:652 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 8 38 theme anticoagulant 970:982 arg1 activity 984:991 Its anticoagulant activity 966:991 Its anticoagulant activity 966:991 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 6 39 theme sulfated 717:724 arg1 chitosan 726:733 sulfated chitosan 717:733 sulfated chitosan 717:733 The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan were studied by SEM. 28274867 7 40 theme Further 760:766 arg1 activity 789:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity 756:796 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan 756:817 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 9 41 theme anticoagulant 1173:1185 arg1 activity 1187:1194 anticoagulant activity 1173:1194 anticoagulant activity 1173:1194 Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. 28274867 4 42 theme structural 476:485 arg1 analysis 487:494 The structural analysis 472:494 The structural analysis 472:494 The structural analysis was done by using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique. 28274867 8 43 theme Partial 1047:1053 arg1 APTT 1076:1079 APTT 1076:1079 APTT 1076:1079 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 8 43 theme Partial 1047:1053 arg1 Time 1070:1073 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1037:1073 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 1037:1080 Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). 28274867 6 44 theme chitin 706:711 arg1 morphology 683:692 The morphology 679:692 The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan 679:733 The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan were studied by SEM. 28274867 7 45 theme radical 869:875 arg1 assay 877:881 superoxide radical assay 858:881 superoxide radical assay 858:881 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 6 46 theme chitosan 726:733 arg1 morphology 683:692 The morphology 679:692 The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan 679:733 The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan were studied by SEM. 28274867 5 47 theme 54.57°C 646:652 arg1 value 661:665 TP value 658:665 TP value of 97.46°C 658:676 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 5 47 theme 54.57°C 646:652 arg1 value 637:641 value 637:641 value of 54.57°C 637:652 The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. 28274867 9 48 theme potent 1150:1155 arg1 antioxidant 1157:1167 potent antioxidant 1150:1167 potent antioxidant 1150:1167 Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. 28274867 6 49 theme sulfated 697:704 arg1 chitin 706:711 sulfated chitin 697:711 sulfated chitin 697:711 The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan were studied by SEM. 28274867 7 50 theme assay 877:881 arg1 activity 846:853 scavenging activity 835:853 scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power 835:963 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 9 51 contain has 1146:1148 arg1 chitosan 1137:1144 sulfated chitosan 1128:1144 sulfated chitosan 1128:1144 Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. 28274867 9 51 contain has 1146:1148 arg2 activity 1187:1194 anticoagulant activity 1173:1194 anticoagulant activity 1173:1194 Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. 28274867 9 51 contain has 1146:1148 arg2 antioxidant 1157:1167 potent antioxidant 1150:1167 potent antioxidant 1150:1167 Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. 28274867 3 52 dep carbon 353:358 arg1 The 349:351 The 349:351 The 349:351 The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. 28274867 3 52 dep carbon 353:358 arg1 composition 383:393 composition 383:393 composition 383:393 The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. 28274867 7 53 theme reducing 950:957 arg1 power 959:963 reducing power 950:963 reducing power 950:963 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 0 54 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of antioxidant activities 0:35 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 0 54 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 analysis 50:57 chemical analysis 41:57 chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi 41:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 0 55 from prashadi 91:98 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of antioxidant activities 0:35 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 0 55 from prashadi 91:98 arg1 analysis 50:57 chemical analysis 41:57 chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi 41:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 0 55 from prashadi 91:98 arg1 chitosan 71:78 sulfated chitosan 62:78 sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi 62:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 7 56 theme power 959:963 arg1 activity 846:853 scavenging activity 835:853 scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power 835:963 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 1 57 theme prashadi 131:138 arg1 chitosan 116:123 chitosan 116:123 chitosan 116:123 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 1 57 theme prashadi 131:138 arg1 chitin 105:110 chitin 105:110 chitin 105:110 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 7 58 theme superoxide 858:867 arg1 assay 877:881 superoxide radical assay 858:881 superoxide radical assay 858:881 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 0 59 theme sulfated 62:69 arg1 chitosan 71:78 sulfated chitosan 62:78 sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi 62:98 Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi. 28274867 7 60 theme effect 939:944 arg1 activity 846:853 scavenging activity 835:853 scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power 835:963 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 1 61 dep chitin 105:110 arg1 The 101:103 The 101:103 The 101:103 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28274867 7 62 theme scavenging 835:844 arg1 activity 846:853 scavenging activity 835:853 scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power 835:963 The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. 28274867 1 63 theme chlorosulfonic 248:261 arg1 acid 263:266 chlorosulfonic acid 248:266 chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide 248:291 The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. 28922604 5 0 dep ASDs 987:990 arg1 ASDs 987:990 ITR and POS ASDs 975:990 ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD) 975:1022 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 5 0 dep ASDs 987:990 arg1 POS 983:985 POS 983:985 POS 983:985 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 5 0 dep ASDs 987:990 arg1 ITR 975:977 ITR 975:977 ITR 975:977 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 8 1 theme drug 1617:1620 arg1 crystallization 1594:1608 crystallization 1594:1608 crystallization of the drug from the ASDs 1594:1634 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 10 2 theme release 1973:1979 arg1 properties 1981:1990 the drug release properties 1964:1990 the drug release properties 1964:1990 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 8 3 theme thermal 1557:1563 arg1 investigation 1565:1577 nanoscale thermal investigation 1547:1577 nanoscale thermal investigation 1547:1577 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 10 4 theme proper 2000:2005 arg1 critical 2037:2044 critical 2037:2044 critical 2037:2044 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 10 4 theme proper 2000:2005 arg1 selection 2007:2015 the proper selection 1996:2015 the proper selection of carrier beads 1996:2032 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 1 5 theme potential 181:189 arg1 platform 219:226 a formulation platform 205:226 a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs 205:289 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 1 5 theme potential 181:189 arg1 advantages 191:200 potential advantages 181:200 potential advantages 181:200 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 9 6 from gap 1840:1842 arg1 FaSSIF 1872:1877 FaSSIF 1872:1877 FaSSIF 1872:1877 In contrast, ASDs coated on CEL underwent phase separation and drug-rich nanospecies were formed in the matrix due to the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF. 28922604 1 7 theme phase 362:366 arg1 separation 368:377 phase separation 362:377 phase separation 362:377 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 10 8 theme beads 2028:2032 arg1 critical 2037:2044 critical 2037:2044 critical 2037:2044 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 10 8 theme beads 2028:2032 arg1 selection 2007:2015 the proper selection 1996:2015 the proper selection of carrier beads 1996:2032 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 1 9 theme formulation 207:217 arg1 platform 219:226 a formulation platform 205:226 a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs 205:289 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 1 9 theme formulation 207:217 arg1 advantages 191:200 potential advantages 181:200 potential advantages 181:200 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 7 10 theme coated 1256:1261 arg1 spheres 1267:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres 1240:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1240:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 3 11 theme beads 715:719 arg1 spheres 659:665 tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres 602:665 tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres 602:665 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 3 11 theme beads 715:719 arg1 examples 682:689 examples 682:689 examples of functional and inert beads, respectively 682:733 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 0 12 theme Antifungal 138:147 arg1 Drugs 149:153 Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs 113:153 Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs 113:153 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 1 13 theme multiple 395:402 arg1 approaches 423:432 multiple step manufacturing approaches 395:432 multiple step manufacturing approaches 395:432 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 7 14 from FaSSGF 1278:1283 arg1 comparison 1334:1343 comparison 1334:1343 comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1334:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 4 15 theme model 841:845 arg1 antifungals 770:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals 736:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals 736:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 15 theme model 841:845 arg1 drugs 847:851 model drugs 841:851 model drugs 841:851 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 7 16 theme POS/EUD 1244:1250 arg1 spheres 1267:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres 1240:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1240:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 8 17 used used 1689:1692 arg2 carriers 1697:1704 carriers 1697:1704 carriers 1697:1704 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 8 17 used used 1689:1692 arg2 spheres 1676:1682 TAP spheres 1672:1682 TAP spheres 1672:1682 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 1 18 theme manufacturing 409:421 arg1 approaches 423:432 multiple step manufacturing approaches 395:432 multiple step manufacturing approaches 395:432 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 5 19 theme Solid-state 854:864 arg1 investigations 866:879 Solid-state investigations 854:879 Solid-state investigations 854:879 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 2 20 theme carriers 498:505 arg1 nature 478:483 the physicochemical nature 458:483 the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers 458:505 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 1 21 theme manufacturing 309:321 arg1 process 323:329 a one-step manufacturing process 298:329 a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches 298:432 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 0 22 from Study 14:18 arg1 Performance 27:37 the Performance 23:37 the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres 23:73 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 0 23 theme Spheres 67:73 arg1 Performance 27:37 the Performance 23:37 the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres 23:73 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 1 24 theme Fluid 156:160 arg1 coating 166:172 Fluid bed coating 156:172 Fluid bed coating 156:172 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 7 25 from release 1323:1329 arg1 comparison 1334:1343 comparison 1334:1343 comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1334:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 8 26 theme resolution 1382:1391 arg1 investigations 1393:1406 High resolution investigations 1377:1406 High resolution investigations 1377:1406 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 7 27 theme Infrared 1105:1112 arg1 studies 1114:1120 Infrared studies 1105:1120 Infrared studies 1105:1120 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 2 28 from impact 448:453 arg1 properties 514:523 properties 514:523 properties 514:523 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 2 28 from impact 448:453 arg1 release 534:540 drug release 529:540 drug release 529:540 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 7 29 theme POS 1231:1233 arg1 release 1220:1226 premature release 1210:1226 premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1210:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 8 30 theme changes 1443:1449 arg1 investigations 1393:1406 High resolution investigations 1377:1406 High resolution investigations 1377:1406 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 1 31 theme soluble 277:283 arg1 drugs 285:289 poorly soluble drugs 270:289 poorly soluble drugs 270:289 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 5 32 theme fluidized 899:907 arg1 process 913:919 the fluidized bed process 895:919 the fluidized bed process 895:919 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 7 33 from spheres 1267:1273 arg1 release 1220:1226 premature release 1210:1226 premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1210:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 7 33 from spheres 1267:1273 arg1 FaSSGF 1278:1283 FaSSGF 1278:1283 FaSSGF 1278:1283 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 7 33 from spheres 1267:1273 arg1 release 1323:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 2 34 theme physicochemical 462:476 arg1 nature 478:483 the physicochemical nature 458:483 the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers 458:505 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 2 35 dep properties 514:523 arg1 the 510:512 the 510:512 the 510:512 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 9 36 theme underwent 1739:1747 arg1 separation 1755:1764 CEL underwent phase separation 1735:1764 CEL underwent phase separation 1735:1764 In contrast, ASDs coated on CEL underwent phase separation and drug-rich nanospecies were formed in the matrix due to the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF. 28922604 3 37 theme acid 611:614 arg1 spheres 659:665 tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres 602:665 tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres 602:665 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 3 37 theme acid 611:614 arg1 examples 682:689 examples 682:689 examples of functional and inert beads, respectively 682:733 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 6 38 theme transition 1040:1049 arg1 Tg 1064:1065 Tg 1064:1065 Tg 1064:1065 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined for each of the ASDs. 28922604 6 38 theme transition 1040:1049 arg1 temperature 1051:1061 A single glass transition temperature 1025:1061 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) 1025:1066 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined for each of the ASDs. 28922604 10 39 theme drug 1968:1971 arg1 properties 1981:1990 the drug release properties 1964:1990 the drug release properties 1964:1990 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 8 40 theme electron 1486:1493 arg1 microscopy 1495:1504 scanning electron microscopy 1477:1504 scanning electron microscopy 1477:1504 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 3 41 theme cellulose 643:651 arg1 spheres 659:665 tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres 602:665 tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres 602:665 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 3 41 theme cellulose 643:651 arg1 examples 682:689 examples 682:689 examples of functional and inert beads, respectively 682:733 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 6 42 theme single 1027:1032 arg1 Tg 1064:1065 Tg 1064:1065 Tg 1064:1065 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined for each of the ASDs. 28922604 6 42 theme single 1027:1032 arg1 temperature 1051:1061 A single glass transition temperature 1025:1061 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) 1025:1066 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined for each of the ASDs. 28922604 9 43 theme drug-rich 1770:1778 arg1 nanospecies 1780:1790 drug-rich nanospecies 1770:1790 drug-rich nanospecies 1770:1790 In contrast, ASDs coated on CEL underwent phase separation and drug-rich nanospecies were formed in the matrix due to the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF. 28922604 4 44 theme triazole 761:768 arg1 posaconazole 806:817 posaconazole 806:817 posaconazole (POS) 806:823 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 44 theme triazole 761:768 arg1 itraconazole 783:794 itraconazole 783:794 itraconazole (ITR) 783:800 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 44 theme triazole 761:768 arg1 drugs 847:851 model drugs 841:851 model drugs 841:851 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 44 theme triazole 761:768 arg1 antifungals 770:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals 736:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals 736:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 1 45 theme amorphous 232:240 arg1 ASDs 261:264 ASDs 261:264 ASDs 261:264 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 1 45 theme amorphous 232:240 arg1 dispersions 248:258 amorphous solid dispersions 232:258 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs 232:289 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 7 46 theme CEL 1366:1368 arg1 beads 1370:1374 CEL beads 1366:1374 CEL beads 1366:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 5 47 theme spheres 945:951 arg1 types 936:940 both types 931:940 both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD) 931:1022 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 7 48 theme interaction 1155:1165 arg1 presence 1136:1143 the presence 1132:1143 the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1132:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 8 49 theme force 1517:1521 arg1 microscopy 1523:1532 atomic force microscopy 1510:1532 atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation 1510:1577 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 2 50 from ASDs 551:554 arg1 properties 514:523 properties 514:523 properties 514:523 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 2 50 from ASDs 551:554 arg1 release 534:540 drug release 529:540 drug release 529:540 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 10 51 theme carrier 2020:2026 arg1 beads 2028:2032 carrier beads 2020:2032 carrier beads 2020:2032 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 8 52 theme nanoscale 1547:1555 arg1 investigation 1565:1577 nanoscale thermal investigation 1547:1577 nanoscale thermal investigation 1547:1577 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 1 53 theme bed 162:164 arg1 coating 166:172 Fluid bed coating 156:172 Fluid bed coating 156:172 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 7 54 theme cumulative 1312:1321 arg1 release 1323:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 7 55 theme lower 1302:1306 arg1 release 1323:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 9 56 theme solubility 1829:1838 arg1 gap 1840:1842 the solubility gap 1825:1842 the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF 1825:1877 In contrast, ASDs coated on CEL underwent phase separation and drug-rich nanospecies were formed in the matrix due to the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF. 28922604 3 57 theme inert 709:713 arg1 beads 715:719 functional and inert beads 694:719 functional and inert beads 694:719 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 3 58 theme functional 694:703 arg1 beads 715:719 functional and inert beads 694:719 functional and inert beads 694:719 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 0 59 theme Related 130:136 arg1 Drugs 149:153 Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs 113:153 Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs 113:153 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 1 60 theme separation 368:377 arg1 risk 354:357 the risk 350:357 the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches 350:432 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 2 61 theme drug 529:532 arg1 release 534:540 drug release 529:540 drug release 529:540 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 8 62 theme TAP 1672:1674 arg1 carriers 1697:1704 carriers 1697:1704 carriers 1697:1704 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 8 62 theme TAP 1672:1674 arg1 spheres 1676:1682 TAP spheres 1672:1682 TAP spheres 1672:1682 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 7 63 theme TAP 1263:1265 arg1 spheres 1267:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres 1240:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1240:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 10 64 theme product 2056:2062 arg1 quality 2064:2070 product quality 2056:2070 product quality 2056:2070 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 1 65 theme step 404:407 arg1 approaches 423:432 multiple step manufacturing approaches 395:432 multiple step manufacturing approaches 395:432 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 7 66 dep release 1323:1329 arg1 POS 1308:1310 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 subsequently lower POS cumulative release 1289:1329 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 7 67 theme ASD 1252:1254 arg1 spheres 1267:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres 1240:1273 the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1240:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 0 68 theme Functionalized 52:65 arg1 Spheres 67:73 Inert and Functionalized Spheres 42:73 Inert and Functionalized Spheres 42:73 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 2 69 theme nonpareil 488:496 arg1 carriers 498:505 nonpareil carriers 488:505 nonpareil carriers 488:505 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 8 70 theme High 1377:1380 arg1 investigations 1393:1406 High resolution investigations 1377:1406 High resolution investigations 1377:1406 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 2 71 theme nature 478:483 arg1 impact 448:453 the impact 444:453 the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs 444:554 However, the impact of the physicochemical nature of nonpareil carriers on the properties and drug release from the ASDs has not been studied in detail. 28922604 0 72 theme Solid 87:91 arg1 Dispersions 93:103 Solid Dispersions 87:103 Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs 87:153 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 5 73 theme bed 909:911 arg1 process 913:919 the fluidized bed process 895:919 the fluidized bed process 895:919 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 8 74 theme morphological 1411:1423 arg1 changes 1443:1449 morphological and compositional changes 1411:1449 morphological and compositional changes during dissolution 1411:1468 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 10 75 theme carrier 1923:1929 arg1 properties 1909:1918 properties 1909:1918 properties of carrier for the ASD 1909:1941 This study demonstrates that properties of carrier for the ASD fundamentally affect the drug release properties and the proper selection of carrier beads is critical to ensure product quality. 28922604 8 76 theme compositional 1429:1441 arg1 changes 1443:1449 morphological and compositional changes 1411:1449 morphological and compositional changes during dissolution 1411:1468 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 0 77 theme Comparative 2:12 arg1 Study 14:18 A Comparative Study 0:18 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres 0:73 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 7 78 theme premature 1210:1218 arg1 release 1220:1226 premature release 1210:1226 premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads 1210:1374 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 5 79 theme Eudragit 1001:1008 arg1 EUD 1019:1021 EUD 1019:1021 EUD 1019:1021 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 5 79 theme Eudragit 1001:1008 arg1 L100-55 1010:1016 Eudragit L100-55 1001:1016 Eudragit L100-55 (EUD) 1001:1022 Solid-state investigations revealed that the fluidized bed process result in both types of spheres uniformly coated with ITR and POS ASDs based on Eudragit L100-55 (EUD). 28922604 1 80 theme drugs 285:289 arg1 ASDs 261:264 ASDs 261:264 ASDs 261:264 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 1 80 theme drugs 285:289 arg1 dispersions 248:258 amorphous solid dispersions 232:258 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs 232:289 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 9 81 theme CEL 1735:1737 arg1 separation 1755:1764 CEL underwent phase separation 1735:1764 CEL underwent phase separation 1735:1764 In contrast, ASDs coated on CEL underwent phase separation and drug-rich nanospecies were formed in the matrix due to the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF. 28922604 8 82 theme scanning 1477:1484 arg1 microscopy 1495:1504 scanning electron microscopy 1477:1504 scanning electron microscopy 1477:1504 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 3 83 theme tartaric 602:609 arg1 TAP 617:619 TAP 617:619 TAP 617:619 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 3 83 theme tartaric 602:609 arg1 acid 611:614 tartaric acid 602:614 tartaric acid (TAP) 602:620 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 8 84 from ASDs 1631:1634 arg1 crystallization 1594:1608 crystallization 1594:1608 crystallization of the drug from the ASDs 1594:1634 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 0 85 theme Inert 42:46 arg1 Spheres 67:73 Inert and Functionalized Spheres 42:73 Inert and Functionalized Spheres 42:73 A Comparative Study on the Performance of Inert and Functionalized Spheres Coated with Solid Dispersions Made of Two Structurally Related Antifungal Drugs. 28922604 9 86 theme phase 1749:1753 arg1 separation 1755:1764 CEL underwent phase separation 1735:1764 CEL underwent phase separation 1735:1764 In contrast, ASDs coated on CEL underwent phase separation and drug-rich nanospecies were formed in the matrix due to the solubility gap between the drug and EUD in FaSSIF. 28922604 3 87 theme microcrystalline 626:641 arg1 CEL 654:656 CEL 654:656 CEL 654:656 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 3 87 theme microcrystalline 626:641 arg1 cellulose 643:651 microcrystalline cellulose 626:651 microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) 626:657 In this work, tartaric acid (TAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (CEL) spheres were chosen as examples of functional and inert beads, respectively. 28922604 1 88 theme one-step 300:307 arg1 process 323:329 a one-step manufacturing process 298:329 a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches 298:432 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 6 89 theme glass 1034:1038 arg1 Tg 1064:1065 Tg 1064:1065 Tg 1064:1065 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined for each of the ASDs. 28922604 6 89 theme glass 1034:1038 arg1 temperature 1051:1061 A single glass transition temperature 1025:1061 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) 1025:1066 A single glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined for each of the ASDs. 28922604 8 90 theme atomic 1510:1515 arg1 microscopy 1523:1532 atomic force microscopy 1510:1532 atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation 1510:1577 High resolution investigations of morphological and compositional changes during dissolution, using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale thermal investigation, revealed that crystallization of the drug from the ASDs was induced during dissolution when TAP spheres were used as carriers. 28922604 7 91 theme weak 1150:1153 arg1 interaction 1155:1165 a weak interaction 1148:1165 a weak interaction 1148:1165 Infrared studies suggested the presence of a weak interaction between POS and TAP, which translated into premature release of POS from the POS/EUD ASD coated TAP spheres in FaSSGF and subsequently lower POS cumulative release in comparison to the ASD coated on CEL beads. 28922604 4 92 theme related 753:759 arg1 posaconazole 806:817 posaconazole 806:817 posaconazole (POS) 806:823 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 92 theme related 753:759 arg1 itraconazole 783:794 itraconazole 783:794 itraconazole (ITR) 783:800 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 92 theme related 753:759 arg1 drugs 847:851 model drugs 841:851 model drugs 841:851 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 4 92 theme related 753:759 arg1 antifungals 770:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals 736:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals 736:780 Two structurally related triazole antifungals, itraconazole (ITR) and posaconazole (POS), were chosen as model drugs. 28922604 1 93 theme solid 242:246 arg1 ASDs 261:264 ASDs 261:264 ASDs 261:264 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 28922604 1 93 theme solid 242:246 arg1 dispersions 248:258 amorphous solid dispersions 232:258 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs 232:289 Fluid bed coating offers potential advantages as a formulation platform for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble drugs, being a one-step manufacturing process which could reduce the risk of phase separation associated with multiple step manufacturing approaches. 23533149 5 0 theme tri-component 729:741 arg1 scaffold 743:750 the tri-component scaffold 725:750 the tri-component scaffold 725:750 To evaluate the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold, three bi-component scaffolds, CS/SF, CS/nHA, and SF/nHA, were simultaneously prepared for comparison. 23533149 10 1 theme CS/SF/nHA 1458:1466 arg1 effective 1507:1515 effective 1507:1515 effective 1507:1515 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 10 1 theme CS/SF/nHA 1458:1466 arg1 scaffold 1485:1492 the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold 1454:1492 the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold 1454:1492 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 3 2 theme CS/SF/nHA 483:491 arg1 scaffold 493:500 CS/SF/nHA scaffold 483:500 CS/SF/nHA scaffold 483:500 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 4 3 theme porous 579:584 arg1 structure 586:594 The porous structure 575:594 The porous structure 575:594 The porous structure was achieved using a porogen (salt), and the pore size was controlled by the size of porogen. 23533149 5 4 theme scaffold 743:750 arg1 characteristics 706:720 the characteristics 702:720 the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold 702:750 To evaluate the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold, three bi-component scaffolds, CS/SF, CS/nHA, and SF/nHA, were simultaneously prepared for comparison. 23533149 10 5 theme porous 1478:1483 arg1 effective 1507:1515 effective 1507:1515 effective 1507:1515 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 10 5 theme porous 1478:1483 arg1 scaffold 1485:1492 the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold 1454:1492 the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold 1454:1492 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 10 6 dep cell 1410:1413 arg1 attachment 1415:1424 attachment 1415:1424 attachment 1415:1424 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 8 7 theme biomedical 1137:1146 arg1 materials 1148:1156 good biomedical materials 1132:1156 good biomedical materials 1132:1156 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds meet the requirements of good biomedical materials. 23533149 3 8 theme fractionation 524:536 arg1 method 538:543 salt fractionation method 519:543 salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization 519:572 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 0 9 theme bi-component 109:120 arg1 scaffolds 122:130 bi-component scaffolds 109:130 bi-component scaffolds 109:130 Preparation of chitosan/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite porous scaffold and its characteristics in comparison to bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 10 10 dep in 1304:1305 arg1 vitro 1307:1311 vitro 1307:1311 vitro 1307:1311 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 1 11 theme biomedical 202:211 arg1 field 222:226 the biomedical material field 198:226 the biomedical material field 198:226 Composite porous scaffolds have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical material field. 23533149 7 12 contain had 996:998 arg1 all 975:977 all 975:977 all 975:977 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 7 12 contain had 996:998 arg2 sizes 1005:1009 pore sizes 1000:1009 pore sizes of 100-300 μm 1000:1023 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 7 12 contain had 996:998 arg2 porosity 1031:1038 a porosity 1029:1038 a porosity of 90.5-96.1% 1029:1052 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 7 12 contain had 996:998 arg1 scaffolds 986:994 the scaffolds 982:994 the scaffolds 982:994 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 9 13 theme mechanical 1184:1193 arg1 properties 1195:1204 the mechanical properties 1180:1204 the mechanical properties 1180:1204 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 2 14 theme porous 301:306 arg1 scaffold 308:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 The aim of this research was to prepare a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold and to evaluate its relevant properties. 23533149 1 15 theme material 213:220 arg1 field 222:226 the biomedical material field 198:226 the biomedical material field 198:226 Composite porous scaffolds have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical material field. 23533149 7 16 theme % 1052:1052 arg1 porosity 1031:1038 a porosity 1029:1038 a porosity of 90.5-96.1% 1029:1052 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 7 16 theme % 1052:1052 arg1 sizes 1005:1009 pore sizes 1000:1009 pore sizes of 100-300 μm 1000:1023 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 9 17 theme properties 1195:1204 arg1 investigation 1163:1175 The investigation 1159:1175 The investigation of the mechanical properties 1159:1204 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 10 18 theme composite 1468:1476 arg1 effective 1507:1515 effective 1507:1515 effective 1507:1515 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 10 18 theme composite 1468:1476 arg1 scaffold 1485:1492 the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold 1454:1492 the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold 1454:1492 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 2 19 theme relevant 337:344 arg1 properties 346:355 its relevant properties 333:355 its relevant properties 333:355 The aim of this research was to prepare a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold and to evaluate its relevant properties. 23533149 4 20 theme pore 641:644 arg1 size 646:649 the pore size 637:649 the pore size 637:649 The porous structure was achieved using a porogen (salt), and the pore size was controlled by the size of porogen. 23533149 0 21 theme chitosan/silk 15:27 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of chitosan/silk 0:27 Preparation of chitosan/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite porous scaffold and its characteristics in comparison to bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 1 22 theme Composite 133:141 arg1 scaffolds 150:158 Composite porous scaffolds 133:158 Composite porous scaffolds 133:158 Composite porous scaffolds have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical material field. 23533149 6 23 theme biodegradation 924:937 arg1 analyses 939:946 biodegradation analyses 924:946 biodegradation analyses 924:946 The scaffolds were subjected to morphological, micro-structural, and biodegradation analyses. 23533149 8 24 theme biodegradation 1059:1072 arg1 characteristics 1074:1088 The biodegradation characteristics 1055:1088 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds 1055:1105 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds meet the requirements of good biomedical materials. 23533149 9 25 theme tri-component 1222:1234 arg1 scaffold 1236:1243 the tri-component scaffold 1218:1243 the tri-component scaffold 1218:1243 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 10 26 theme in 1304:1305 arg1 biocompatibility 1313:1328 The in vitro biocompatibility 1300:1328 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1300:1361 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 0 27 theme porous 52:57 arg1 scaffold 59:66 porous scaffold 52:66 porous scaffold 52:66 Preparation of chitosan/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite porous scaffold and its characteristics in comparison to bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 8 28 theme materials 1148:1156 arg1 requirements 1116:1127 the requirements 1112:1127 the requirements of good biomedical materials 1112:1156 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds meet the requirements of good biomedical materials. 23533149 3 29 theme silk 409:412 arg1 fibroin 414:420 silk fibroin 409:420 silk fibroin (SF) 409:425 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 3 29 theme silk 409:412 arg1 SF 423:424 SF 423:424 SF 423:424 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 10 30 with biocompatibility 1313:1328 arg1 cells 1357:1361 osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1335:1361 osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1335:1361 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 7 31 theme 100-300 μm 1014:1023 arg1 porosity 1031:1038 a porosity 1029:1038 a porosity of 90.5-96.1% 1029:1052 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 7 31 theme 100-300 μm 1014:1023 arg1 sizes 1005:1009 pore sizes 1000:1009 pore sizes of 100-300 μm 1000:1023 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 7 32 theme pore 1000:1003 arg1 sizes 1005:1009 pore sizes 1000:1009 pore sizes of 100-300 μm 1000:1023 Results demonstrated that all of the scaffolds had pore sizes of 100-300 μm and a porosity of 90.5-96.1%. 23533149 1 33 theme porous 143:148 arg1 scaffolds 150:158 Composite porous scaffolds 133:158 Composite porous scaffolds 133:158 Composite porous scaffolds have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical material field. 23533149 9 34 theme better 1249:1254 arg1 properties 1256:1265 better properties 1249:1265 better properties 1249:1265 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 2 35 theme research 245:252 arg1 aim 233:235 The aim 229:235 The aim of this research 229:252 The aim of this research was to prepare a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold and to evaluate its relevant properties. 23533149 10 36 theme MG-63 1351:1355 arg1 cells 1357:1361 osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1335:1361 osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1335:1361 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 9 37 contain has 1245:1247 arg1 scaffold 1236:1243 the tri-component scaffold 1218:1243 the tri-component scaffold 1218:1243 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 9 37 contain has 1245:1247 arg2 properties 1256:1265 better properties 1249:1265 better properties 1249:1265 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 8 38 theme scaffolds 1097:1105 arg1 characteristics 1074:1088 The biodegradation characteristics 1055:1088 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds 1055:1105 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds meet the requirements of good biomedical materials. 23533149 2 39 theme composite 291:299 arg1 scaffold 308:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 The aim of this research was to prepare a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold and to evaluate its relevant properties. 23533149 10 40 theme osteoblast-like 1335:1349 arg1 cells 1357:1361 osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1335:1361 osteoblast-like MG-63 cells 1335:1361 The in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells showed that all the scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and proliferation; however, the CS/SF/nHA composite porous scaffold is much more effective than the others. 23533149 3 41 theme salt 519:522 arg1 method 538:543 salt fractionation method 519:543 salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization 519:572 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 2 42 theme tri-component 277:289 arg1 scaffold 308:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 The aim of this research was to prepare a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold and to evaluate its relevant properties. 23533149 4 43 theme porogen 681:687 arg1 size 673:676 the size 669:676 the size of porogen 669:687 The porous structure was achieved using a porogen (salt), and the pore size was controlled by the size of porogen. 23533149 3 44 theme porous 362:367 arg1 scaffold 369:376 The porous scaffold 358:376 The porous scaffold 358:376 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 2 45 theme novel 271:275 arg1 scaffold 308:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold 269:315 The aim of this research was to prepare a novel tri-component composite porous scaffold and to evaluate its relevant properties. 23533149 1 46 theme extensive 175:183 arg1 attention 185:193 extensive attention 175:193 extensive attention 175:193 Composite porous scaffolds have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical material field. 23533149 3 47 theme nanohydroxyapatite 432:449 arg1 nHA 462:464 nHA 462:464 nHA 462:464 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 3 47 theme nanohydroxyapatite 432:449 arg1 particles 451:459 nanohydroxyapatite particles 432:459 nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) 432:465 The porous scaffold was composed of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA), which we named CS/SF/nHA scaffold and prepared via salt fractionation method combined with lyophilization. 23533149 5 48 theme bi-component 759:770 arg1 SF/nHA 802:807 SF/nHA 802:807 SF/nHA 802:807 To evaluate the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold, three bi-component scaffolds, CS/SF, CS/nHA, and SF/nHA, were simultaneously prepared for comparison. 23533149 5 48 theme bi-component 759:770 arg1 CS/SF 783:787 CS/SF 783:787 CS/SF 783:787 To evaluate the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold, three bi-component scaffolds, CS/SF, CS/nHA, and SF/nHA, were simultaneously prepared for comparison. 23533149 5 48 theme bi-component 759:770 arg1 scaffolds 772:780 three bi-component scaffolds 753:780 three bi-component scaffolds 753:780 To evaluate the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold, three bi-component scaffolds, CS/SF, CS/nHA, and SF/nHA, were simultaneously prepared for comparison. 23533149 5 48 theme bi-component 759:770 arg1 CS/nHA 790:795 CS/nHA 790:795 CS/nHA 790:795 To evaluate the characteristics of the tri-component scaffold, three bi-component scaffolds, CS/SF, CS/nHA, and SF/nHA, were simultaneously prepared for comparison. 23533149 9 49 theme bi-component 1276:1287 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the bi-component scaffolds 1272:1297 the bi-component scaffolds 1272:1297 The investigation of the mechanical properties showed that the tri-component scaffold has better properties than the bi-component scaffolds. 23533149 8 50 theme good 1132:1135 arg1 materials 1148:1156 good biomedical materials 1132:1156 good biomedical materials 1132:1156 The biodegradation characteristics of all scaffolds meet the requirements of good biomedical materials. 25549203 0 0 theme neoformans 84:93 arg1 phagocytosis 55:66 the phagocytosis 51:66 the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans 51:93 Macrophage cholesterol depletion and its effect on the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans. 25549203 0 1 from depletion 23:31 arg1 phagocytosis 55:66 the phagocytosis 51:66 the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans 51:93 Macrophage cholesterol depletion and its effect on the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans. 25549203 5 2 theme macrophage 652:661 arg1 infectivity 663:673 macrophage infectivity 652:673 macrophage infectivity 652:673 The present study describes a step-by-step protocol to study macrophage infectivity by C. neoformansin vitro. 25549203 7 3 theme cell 923:926 arg1 line 928:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line 882:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 882:939 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 4 4 theme infection 580:588 arg1 progression 561:571 the progression 557:571 the progression of the infection 557:588 Therefore, study of the association between Cryptococcus and macrophages is important to understanding the progression of the infection. 25549203 0 5 theme Cryptococcus 71:82 arg1 neoformans 84:93 Cryptococcus neoformans 71:93 Cryptococcus neoformans 71:93 Macrophage cholesterol depletion and its effect on the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans. 25549203 10 6 with hr 1349:1350 arg1 neoformans 1374:1383 C. neoformans 1371:1383 C. neoformans 1371:1383 Infected cells were monitored after 2 hr of incubation with C. neoformans and their phagocytic index was calculated. 25549203 5 7 theme present 595:601 arg1 study 603:607 The present study 591:607 The present study 591:607 The present study describes a step-by-step protocol to study macrophage infectivity by C. neoformansin vitro. 25549203 7 8 theme reticulum 889:897 arg1 line 928:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line 882:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 882:939 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 12 9 from role 1652:1655 arg1 infectivity 1686:1696 infectivity 1686:1696 infectivity 1686:1696 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 11 10 theme phagocytic 1493:1502 arg1 index 1504:1508 the phagocytic index 1489:1508 the phagocytic index 1489:1508 Cholesterol depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the phagocytic index. 25549203 12 11 theme convenient 1543:1552 arg1 method 1554:1559 a convenient method 1541:1559 a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity 1541:1696 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 9 12 theme H99 1262:1264 arg1 cells 1266:1270 wild-type H99 cells 1252:1270 wild-type H99 cells 1252:1270 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 7 13 theme sarcoma 899:905 arg1 line 928:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line 882:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 882:939 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 8 14 theme quantification 1041:1054 arg1 kit 1056:1058 a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit 1004:1058 a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit 1004:1058 Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. 25549203 8 15 theme available 1019:1027 arg1 kit 1056:1058 a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit 1004:1058 a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit 1004:1058 Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. 25549203 12 16 theme laboratory 1615:1624 arg1 environment 1626:1636 a laboratory environment 1613:1636 a laboratory environment 1613:1636 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 5 17 theme step-by-step 621:632 arg1 protocol 634:641 a step-by-step protocol 619:641 a step-by-step protocol to study macrophage infectivity by C. neoformansin vitro 619:698 The present study describes a step-by-step protocol to study macrophage infectivity by C. neoformansin vitro. 25549203 8 18 theme cholesterol 1029:1039 arg1 kit 1056:1058 a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit 1004:1058 a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit 1004:1058 Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. 25549203 2 19 theme deep 276:279 arg1 lung 281:284 the deep lung 272:284 the deep lung 272:284 Infection occurs upon inhalation of spores, which are able to replicate in the deep lung. 25549203 7 20 theme murine 882:887 arg1 line 928:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line 882:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 882:939 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 1 21 theme genus 177:181 arg1 Cryptococcus 183:194 the genus Cryptococcus 173:194 the genus Cryptococcus 173:194 Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. 25549203 3 22 theme ways 345:348 arg1 one 334:336 one 334:336 one 334:336 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. 25549203 3 22 theme ways 345:348 arg1 ways 345:348 the ways 341:348 the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis 341:451 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. 25549203 0 23 from effect 41:46 arg1 phagocytosis 55:66 the phagocytosis 51:66 the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans 51:93 Macrophage cholesterol depletion and its effect on the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans. 25549203 1 24 theme Cryptococcus 183:194 arg1 fungi 164:168 pathogenic fungi 153:168 pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus 153:194 Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. 25549203 0 25 theme cholesterol 11:21 arg1 depletion 23:31 Macrophage cholesterol depletion 0:31 Macrophage cholesterol depletion 0:31 Macrophage cholesterol depletion and its effect on the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans. 25549203 12 26 theme presented 1515:1523 arg1 protocols 1525:1533 The presented protocols 1511:1533 The presented protocols 1511:1533 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 9 27 theme effector-to-target 1278:1295 arg1 ratio 1297:1301 an effector-to-target ratio 1275:1301 an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1 1275:1308 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 3 28 theme nervous 402:408 arg1 system 410:415 the central nervous system 390:415 the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis 390:451 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. 25549203 0 29 theme Macrophage 0:9 arg1 depletion 23:31 Macrophage cholesterol depletion 0:31 Macrophage cholesterol depletion 0:31 Macrophage cholesterol depletion and its effect on the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans. 25549203 8 30 theme layer 1069:1073 arg1 chromatography 1075:1088 thin layer chromatography 1064:1088 thin layer chromatography 1064:1088 Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. 25549203 4 31 theme association 478:488 arg1 study 465:469 study 465:469 study of the association between Cryptococcus and macrophages 465:525 Therefore, study of the association between Cryptococcus and macrophages is important to understanding the progression of the infection. 25549203 10 32 theme incubation 1355:1364 arg1 hr 1349:1350 2 hr 1347:1350 2 hr of incubation with C. neoformans 1347:1383 Infected cells were monitored after 2 hr of incubation with C. neoformans and their phagocytic index was calculated. 25549203 7 33 used used 849:852 arg2 concentrations 799:812 Different concentrations 789:812 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) 789:842 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 7 34 dep line 928:931 arg1 J774A.1 933:939 J774A.1 933:939 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 882:939 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 9 35 theme antibody-opsonized 1209:1226 arg1 neoformans 1241:1250 antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans 1209:1250 antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans 1209:1250 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 9 36 theme 1:1 1306:1308 arg1 ratio 1297:1301 an effector-to-target ratio 1275:1301 an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1 1275:1308 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 8 37 theme Cholesterol 942:952 arg1 depletion 954:962 Cholesterol depletion 942:962 Cholesterol depletion 942:962 Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. 25549203 12 38 from initiation 1574:1583 arg1 environment 1626:1636 a laboratory environment 1613:1636 a laboratory environment 1613:1636 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 7 39 theme methyl--cyclodextrin 817:836 arg1 concentrations 799:812 Different concentrations 789:812 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) 789:842 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 3 40 theme lethal 426:431 arg1 meningoencephalitis 433:451 lethal meningoencephalitis 426:451 lethal meningoencephalitis 426:451 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. 25549203 3 41 theme central 394:400 arg1 system 410:415 the central nervous system 390:415 the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis 390:451 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. 25549203 7 42 theme Different 789:797 arg1 concentrations 799:812 Different concentrations 789:812 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) 789:842 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 25549203 9 43 theme wild-type 1252:1260 arg1 cells 1266:1270 wild-type H99 cells 1252:1270 wild-type H99 cells 1252:1270 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 12 44 theme lipid 1665:1669 arg1 composition 1671:1681 host lipid composition 1660:1681 host lipid composition 1660:1681 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 12 45 theme host 1660:1663 arg1 composition 1671:1681 host lipid composition 1660:1681 host lipid composition 1660:1681 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 3 46 theme Cryptococcus 303:314 arg1 Phagocytosis 287:298 Phagocytosis 287:298 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages 287:329 Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. 25549203 12 47 theme infection 1592:1600 arg1 process 1602:1608 the infection process 1588:1608 the infection process 1588:1608 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 1 48 theme life-threatening 116:131 arg1 Cryptococcosis 96:109 Cryptococcosis 96:109 Cryptococcosis 96:109 Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. 25549203 1 48 theme life-threatening 116:131 arg1 infection 133:141 a life-threatening infection 114:141 a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus 114:194 Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. 25549203 11 49 theme Cholesterol 1428:1438 arg1 depletion 1440:1448 Cholesterol depletion 1428:1448 Cholesterol depletion 1428:1448 Cholesterol depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the phagocytic index. 25549203 12 50 theme composition 1671:1681 arg1 role 1652:1655 the role 1648:1655 the role of host lipid composition on infectivity 1648:1696 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 2 51 theme spores 233:238 arg1 inhalation 219:228 inhalation 219:228 inhalation 219:228 Infection occurs upon inhalation of spores, which are able to replicate in the deep lung. 25549203 6 52 theme host-pathogen 750:762 arg1 interactions 764:775 host-pathogen interactions 750:775 host-pathogen interactions 750:775 Using this protocol, the role of host sterols on host-pathogen interactions is studied. 25549203 12 53 theme process 1602:1608 arg1 initiation 1574:1583 the initiation 1570:1583 the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment 1570:1636 The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity. 25549203 9 54 dep cells 1266:1270 arg1 ratio 1297:1301 an effector-to-target ratio 1275:1301 an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1 1275:1308 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 8 55 theme thin 1064:1067 arg1 chromatography 1075:1088 thin layer chromatography 1064:1088 thin layer chromatography 1064:1088 Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. 25549203 9 56 dep depleted 1103:1110 arg1 Cholesterol 1091:1101 Cholesterol 1091:1101 Cholesterol 1091:1101 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 10 57 theme Infected 1311:1318 arg1 cells 1320:1324 Infected cells 1311:1324 Infected cells 1311:1324 Infected cells were monitored after 2 hr of incubation with C. neoformans and their phagocytic index was calculated. 25549203 10 58 theme phagocytic 1395:1404 arg1 index 1406:1410 their phagocytic index 1389:1410 their phagocytic index 1389:1410 Infected cells were monitored after 2 hr of incubation with C. neoformans and their phagocytic index was calculated. 25549203 6 59 theme sterols 739:745 arg1 role 726:729 the role 722:729 the role of host sterols on host-pathogen interactions 722:775 Using this protocol, the role of host sterols on host-pathogen interactions is studied. 25549203 9 60 theme Interferon 1167:1176 arg1 IFNγ 1185:1188 IFNγ 1185:1188 IFNγ 1185:1188 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 9 60 theme Interferon 1167:1176 arg1 gamma 1178:1182 Interferon gamma 1167:1182 Interferon gamma (IFNγ) 1167:1189 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 11 61 theme significant 1464:1474 arg1 reduction 1476:1484 a significant reduction 1462:1484 a significant reduction in the phagocytic index 1462:1508 Cholesterol depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the phagocytic index. 25549203 11 62 from reduction 1476:1484 arg1 index 1504:1508 the phagocytic index 1489:1508 the phagocytic index 1489:1508 Cholesterol depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the phagocytic index. 25549203 6 63 theme host 734:737 arg1 sterols 739:745 host sterols 734:745 host sterols 734:745 Using this protocol, the role of host sterols on host-pathogen interactions is studied. 25549203 1 64 theme pathogenic 153:162 arg1 fungi 164:168 pathogenic fungi 153:168 pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus 153:194 Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. 25549203 9 65 theme depleted 1103:1110 arg1 cells 1112:1116 Cholesterol depleted cells 1091:1116 Cholesterol depleted cells 1091:1116 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 9 66 theme Cryptococcus 1228:1239 arg1 neoformans 1241:1250 antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans 1209:1250 antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans 1209:1250 Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. 25549203 6 67 from role 726:729 arg1 interactions 764:775 host-pathogen interactions 750:775 host-pathogen interactions 750:775 Using this protocol, the role of host sterols on host-pathogen interactions is studied. 25549203 7 68 theme macrophage-like 907:921 arg1 line 928:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line 882:931 murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 882:939 Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. 26644007 9 0 theme food 1556:1559 arg1 conditions 1572:1581 reduced food and low pH conditions 1548:1581 reduced food and low pH conditions 1548:1581 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 9 1 theme calcifiers 1802:1811 arg1 performance 1781:1791 the future performance 1770:1791 the future performance of these calcifiers 1770:1811 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 4 2 theme additive 787:794 arg1 effects 796:802 additive effects 787:802 additive effects 787:802 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 6 3 theme food 1107:1110 arg1 supply 1112:1117 food supply 1107:1117 food supply 1107:1117 These physiological responses increased significantly in organisms exposed to intermediate and high levels of food supply. 26644007 2 4 theme energy 285:290 arg1 demands 292:298 high energy demands 280:298 high energy demands 280:298 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 10 5 theme key 2000:2002 arg1 insights 2004:2011 key insights 2000:2011 key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers 2000:2046 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 1 6 theme physiological 171:183 arg1 traits 185:190 physiological traits 171:190 physiological traits of marine species 171:208 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 3 7 dep Argopecten 588:597 arg1 purpuratus 599:608 Argopecten purpuratus 588:608 Argopecten purpuratus 588:608 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 9 8 theme organismal 1597:1606 arg1 response 1608:1615 the adaptive organismal response 1584:1615 the adaptive organismal response 1584:1615 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 9 9 theme OA 1853:1854 arg1 trajectories 1832:1843 the trajectories 1828:1843 the trajectories of both OA and food supply 1828:1870 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 1 10 theme species 202:208 arg1 traits 185:190 physiological traits 171:190 physiological traits of marine species 171:208 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 9 11 theme low 1565:1567 arg1 pH 1569:1570 low pH 1565:1570 low pH 1565:1570 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 4 12 theme juvenile 841:848 arg1 scallops 850:857 the juvenile scallops 837:857 the juvenile scallops 837:857 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 9 13 theme food 1860:1863 arg1 supply 1865:1870 food supply 1860:1870 food supply 1860:1870 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 3 14 theme supply 701:706 arg1 treatments 708:717 three food supply treatments 690:717 three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 690:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 15 theme scallop 579:585 arg1 juveniles 554:562 juveniles 554:562 juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 554:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 1 16 theme Future 127:132 arg1 OA 155:156 OA 155:156 OA 155:156 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 1 16 theme Future 127:132 arg1 acidification 140:152 Future ocean acidification 127:152 Future ocean acidification (OA) 127:157 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 4 17 theme physiological 811:823 arg1 response 825:832 the physiological response 807:832 the physiological response of the juvenile scallops 807:857 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 7 18 theme OA 1271:1272 arg1 stress 1274:1279 OA stress 1271:1279 OA stress 1271:1279 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 5 19 theme Metabolic 860:868 arg1 rates 870:874 Metabolic rates 860:874 Metabolic rates 860:874 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 10 20 theme stressors 1924:1932 arg1 suite 1895:1899 a suite 1893:1899 incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1879:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 5 21 theme pH 961:962 arg1 conditions 964:973 low pH conditions 957:973 low pH conditions 957:973 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 9 22 theme shell 1734:1738 arg1 periostracum 1740:1751 shell periostracum 1734:1751 shell periostracum 1734:1751 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 4 23 contain had 783:785 arg1 pH 764:765 pH 764:765 pH 764:765 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 4 23 contain had 783:785 arg2 effects 796:802 additive effects 787:802 additive effects 787:802 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 4 23 contain had 783:785 arg1 levels 776:781 food levels 771:781 food levels 771:781 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 9 24 theme biomineralization 1663:1679 arg1 molecules 1681:1689 biomineralization molecules 1663:1689 biomineralization molecules 1663:1689 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 10 25 theme traits 1904:1909 arg1 suite 1895:1899 a suite 1893:1899 incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1879:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 10 26 theme future 1937:1942 arg1 studies 1944:1950 future studies 1937:1950 future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1937:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 5 27 theme shell 877:881 arg1 growth 883:888 shell growth 877:888 shell growth 877:888 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 8 28 theme low 1435:1437 arg1 supply 1444:1449 low food supply 1435:1449 low food supply 1435:1449 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 0 29 theme ocean 106:110 arg1 acidification 112:124 ocean acidification 106:124 ocean acidification 106:124 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 7 30 theme physiological 1245:1257 arg1 response 1259:1266 the physiological response 1241:1266 the physiological response of OA stress 1241:1279 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 9 31 theme organic 1711:1717 arg1 composition 1719:1729 the organic composition 1707:1729 the organic composition of shell periostracum 1707:1751 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 0 32 theme Biomineralization 0:16 arg1 changes 18:24 Biomineralization changes 0:24 Biomineralization changes with food supply 0:41 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 10 33 from suite 1895:1899 arg1 studies 1944:1950 future studies 1937:1950 future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1937:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 2 34 theme organisms 412:420 arg1 response 393:400 the response 389:400 the response of marine organisms to OA 389:426 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 8 35 theme low 1455:1457 arg1 pH 1459:1460 low pH 1455:1460 low pH 1455:1460 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 10 36 from insights 2004:2011 arg1 impacts 2019:2025 OA impacts 2016:2025 OA impacts on marine calcifiers 2016:2046 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 10 37 from traits 1904:1909 arg1 studies 1944:1950 future studies 1937:1950 future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1937:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 9 38 theme periostracum 1740:1751 arg1 composition 1719:1729 the organic composition 1707:1729 the organic composition of shell periostracum 1707:1751 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 0 39 theme juvenile 50:57 arg1 Argopecten 69:78 Argopecten 69:78 Argopecten 69:78 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 0 39 theme juvenile 50:57 arg1 scallops 59:66 juvenile scallops 50:66 juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification 50:124 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 10 40 theme response 1979:1986 arg1 studies 1944:1950 future studies 1937:1950 future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1937:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 8 41 theme chitin 1326:1331 arg1 molecule 1356:1363 a functional molecule 1343:1363 a functional molecule for biomineralization 1343:1385 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 8 41 theme chitin 1326:1331 arg1 synthase 1333:1340 chitin synthase 1326:1340 chitin synthase 1326:1340 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 2 42 theme juvenile 331:338 arg1 phase 347:351 the rapid juvenile growth phase 321:351 the rapid juvenile growth phase 321:351 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 1 43 theme calcifying 216:225 arg1 species 227:233 calcifying species 216:233 calcifying species 216:233 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 10 44 from studies 1944:1950 arg1 suite 1895:1899 a suite 1893:1899 incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1879:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 7 45 theme organismal 1177:1186 arg1 response 1188:1195 organismal response 1177:1195 organismal response 1177:1195 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 10 46 theme adaptive 1959:1966 arg1 response 1979:1986 the adaptive organismal response 1955:1986 the adaptive organismal response 1955:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 3 47 theme ~ 644:644 arg1 control 632:638 control 632:638 control (pH ~ 8.0) 632:649 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 47 theme ~ 644:644 arg1 pH 641:642 pH ~ 8.0 641:648 pH ~ 8.0 641:648 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 9 48 theme reduced 1548:1554 arg1 conditions 1572:1581 reduced food and low pH conditions 1548:1581 reduced food and low pH conditions 1548:1581 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 6 49 theme physiological 1003:1015 arg1 responses 1017:1025 These physiological responses 997:1025 These physiological responses 997:1025 These physiological responses increased significantly in organisms exposed to intermediate and high levels of food supply. 26644007 2 50 theme food 354:357 arg1 supply 359:364 food supply 354:364 food supply 354:364 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 4 51 theme food 771:774 arg1 levels 776:781 food levels 771:781 food levels 771:781 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 3 52 theme low 655:657 arg1 pH 659:660 low pH 655:660 low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 655:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 52 theme low 655:657 arg1 pH 663:664 pH ~ 7.6 663:670 pH ~ 7.6 663:670 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 53 theme biomineralization 523:539 arg1 processes 541:549 biomineralization processes 523:549 biomineralization processes 523:549 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 9 54 theme pH 1569:1570 arg1 conditions 1572:1581 reduced food and low pH conditions 1548:1581 reduced food and low pH conditions 1548:1581 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 2 55 theme high 280:283 arg1 demands 292:298 high energy demands 280:298 high energy demands 280:298 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 6 56 theme high 1092:1095 arg1 levels 1097:1102 intermediate and high levels 1075:1102 intermediate and high levels of food supply 1075:1117 These physiological responses increased significantly in organisms exposed to intermediate and high levels of food supply. 26644007 10 57 theme OA 2016:2017 arg1 impacts 2019:2025 OA impacts 2016:2025 OA impacts on marine calcifiers 2016:2046 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 3 58 theme ~ 666:666 arg1 pH 659:660 low pH 655:660 low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 655:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 58 theme ~ 666:666 arg1 pH 663:664 pH ~ 7.6 663:670 pH ~ 7.6 663:670 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 9 59 theme adaptive 1588:1595 arg1 response 1608:1615 the adaptive organismal response 1584:1615 the adaptive organismal response 1584:1615 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 6 60 theme intermediate 1075:1086 arg1 levels 1097:1102 intermediate and high levels 1075:1102 intermediate and high levels of food supply 1075:1117 These physiological responses increased significantly in organisms exposed to intermediate and high levels of food supply. 26644007 3 61 theme food 696:699 arg1 treatments 708:717 three food supply treatments 690:717 three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 690:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 10 62 from impacts 2019:2025 arg1 calcifiers 2037:2046 marine calcifiers 2030:2046 marine calcifiers 2030:2046 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 1 63 theme marine 195:200 arg1 species 202:208 marine species 195:208 marine species 195:208 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 8 64 theme functional 1345:1354 arg1 molecule 1356:1363 a functional molecule 1343:1363 a functional molecule for biomineralization 1343:1385 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 8 64 theme functional 1345:1354 arg1 synthase 1333:1340 chitin synthase 1326:1340 chitin synthase 1326:1340 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 3 65 theme supply 474:479 arg1 role 461:464 the role 457:464 the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 457:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 2 66 theme growth 340:345 arg1 phase 347:351 the rapid juvenile growth phase 321:351 the rapid juvenile growth phase 321:351 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 5 67 theme independent 976:986 arg1 conditions 964:973 low pH conditions 957:973 low pH conditions 957:973 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 9 68 theme supply 1865:1870 arg1 trajectories 1832:1843 the trajectories 1828:1843 the trajectories of both OA and food supply 1828:1870 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 5 69 theme food 991:994 arg1 independent 976:986 independent 976:986 independent 976:986 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 3 70 theme Chilean 571:577 arg1 Argopecten 588:597 Argopecten 588:597 Argopecten 588:597 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 70 theme Chilean 571:577 arg1 scallop 579:585 the Chilean scallop 567:585 the Chilean scallop 567:585 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 10 71 theme incorporating 1879:1891 arg1 suite 1895:1899 a suite 1893:1899 incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1879:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 5 72 theme low 957:959 arg1 conditions 964:973 low pH conditions 957:973 low pH conditions 957:973 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 1 73 theme ocean 134:138 arg1 OA 155:156 OA 155:156 OA 155:156 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 1 73 theme ocean 134:138 arg1 acidification 140:152 Future ocean acidification 127:152 Future ocean acidification (OA) 127:157 Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. 26644007 7 74 theme stress 1274:1279 arg1 response 1259:1266 the physiological response 1241:1266 the physiological response of OA stress 1241:1279 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 10 75 theme multiple 1915:1922 arg1 stressors 1924:1932 multiple stressors 1915:1932 multiple stressors 1915:1932 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 10 76 theme organismal 1968:1977 arg1 response 1979:1986 the adaptive organismal response 1955:1986 the adaptive organismal response 1955:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 6 77 theme supply 1112:1117 arg1 levels 1097:1102 intermediate and high levels 1075:1102 intermediate and high levels of food supply 1075:1117 These physiological responses increased significantly in organisms exposed to intermediate and high levels of food supply. 26644007 9 78 theme altering 1695:1702 arg1 expression 1649:1658 the expression 1645:1658 the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum 1645:1751 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 7 79 theme food 1127:1130 arg1 supply 1132:1137 food supply 1127:1137 food supply 1127:1137 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 9 80 theme molecules 1681:1689 arg1 expression 1649:1658 the expression 1645:1658 the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum 1645:1751 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 4 81 theme scallops 850:857 arg1 response 825:832 the physiological response 807:832 the physiological response of the juvenile scallops 807:857 We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. 26644007 8 82 theme food 1439:1442 arg1 supply 1444:1449 low food supply 1435:1449 low food supply 1435:1449 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 3 83 dep treatments 708:717 arg1 intermediate 726:737 intermediate 726:737 intermediate 726:737 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 83 dep treatments 708:717 arg1 low 744:746 low 744:746 low 744:746 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 3 83 dep treatments 708:717 arg1 high 720:723 high 720:723 high 720:723 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 2 84 theme key 377:379 arg1 role 381:384 a key role 375:384 a key role 375:384 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 0 85 theme food 31:34 arg1 supply 36:41 food supply 31:41 food supply 31:41 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 0 86 dep Argopecten 69:78 arg1 purpuratus 80:89 Argopecten purpuratus 69:89 Argopecten purpuratus 69:89 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 7 87 theme energetic 1214:1222 arg1 means 1224:1228 the energetic means 1210:1228 the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress 1210:1279 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 2 88 theme marine 405:410 arg1 organisms 412:420 marine organisms 405:420 marine organisms 405:420 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 10 89 theme marine 2030:2035 arg1 calcifiers 2037:2046 marine calcifiers 2030:2046 marine calcifiers 2030:2046 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 10 90 from stressors 1924:1932 arg1 studies 1944:1950 future studies 1937:1950 future studies of the adaptive organismal response 1937:1986 Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers. 26644007 5 91 theme ingestion 914:922 arg1 rates 924:928 ingestion rates 914:928 ingestion rates 914:928 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 0 92 theme scallops 59:66 arg1 resistance 92:101 juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance 50:101 juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification 50:124 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 8 93 theme thicker 1483:1489 arg1 periostracum 1491:1502 a thicker periostracum 1481:1502 a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides 1481:1539 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 8 94 theme relative 1303:1310 arg1 expression 1312:1321 the relative expression 1299:1321 the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, 1299:1386 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 0 95 with changes 18:24 arg1 supply 36:41 food supply 31:41 food supply 31:41 Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. 26644007 3 96 theme food 469:472 arg1 supply 474:479 food supply 469:479 food supply 469:479 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 5 97 theme net 891:893 arg1 calcification 895:907 net calcification 891:907 net calcification 891:907 Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. 26644007 9 98 theme future 1774:1779 arg1 performance 1781:1791 the future performance 1770:1791 the future performance of these calcifiers 1770:1811 Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. 26644007 2 99 theme rapid 325:329 arg1 phase 347:351 the rapid juvenile growth phase 321:351 the rapid juvenile growth phase 321:351 As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. 26644007 7 100 theme major 1155:1159 arg1 role 1161:1164 a major role 1153:1164 a major role 1153:1164 Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. 26644007 8 101 theme chitin 1518:1523 arg1 polysaccharides 1525:1539 chitin polysaccharides 1518:1539 chitin polysaccharides 1518:1539 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 3 102 theme pH 659:660 arg1 conditions 673:682 low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions 655:682 low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low) 655:747 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 26644007 8 103 theme synthase 1333:1340 arg1 expression 1312:1321 the relative expression 1299:1321 the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, 1299:1386 On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. 26644007 3 104 theme physiological 495:507 arg1 responses 509:517 physiological responses 495:517 physiological responses 495:517 We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). 25218206 3 0 theme physiological 286:298 arg1 analyses 300:307 biochemical and physiological analyses 270:307 rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses 243:307 This novel flocculant was derived Klebsiella, which was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses. 25218206 7 1 theme main 882:885 arg1 mechanism 887:895 the main mechanism 878:895 the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin 878:924 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 7 1 theme main 882:885 arg1 bridging 865:872 bridging 865:872 bridging 865:872 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 7 2 with flocculation 901:912 arg1 kaolin 919:924 kaolin 919:924 kaolin 919:924 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 8 3 theme additional 1038:1047 arg1 cations 1049:1055 additional cations 1038:1055 additional cations 1038:1055 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 4 theme high 938:941 arg1 efficiency 956:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 4 theme high 938:941 arg1 stability 976:984 thermal stability 968:984 thermal stability 968:984 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 4 theme high 938:941 arg1 tolerance 990:998 pH tolerance 987:998 pH tolerance 987:998 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 4 5 dep % 354:354 arg1 polysaccharides 356:370 polysaccharides 356:370 84.6% polysaccharides 350:370 The composition of ZZ-3 was found to be 84.6% polysaccharides and 6.1% protein. 25218206 6 6 dep show 566:569 arg1 contains 634:641 contains 634:641 contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation 634:745 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 6 dep show 566:569 arg1 has 576:578 has 576:578 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) 576:628 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 4 7 theme 6.1 376:378 arg1 % 379:379 % 379:379 % 379:379 The composition of ZZ-3 was found to be 84.6% polysaccharides and 6.1% protein. 25218206 6 8 theme functional 648:657 arg1 groups 659:664 many functional groups 643:664 many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation 643:745 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 8 theme functional 648:657 arg1 carboxyl 684:691 carboxyl 684:691 carboxyl 684:691 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 8 theme functional 648:657 arg1 methoxyl 698:705 methoxyl 698:705 methoxyl 698:705 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 8 theme functional 648:657 arg1 amide 677:681 amide 677:681 amide 677:681 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 8 theme functional 648:657 arg1 hydroxyl 667:674 hydroxyl 667:674 hydroxyl 667:674 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 2.47 507:510 2.47 507:510 2.47 507:510 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 polysaccharides 435:449 the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose 431:482 the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose 431:482 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 rhamnose 451:458 rhamnose 451:458 rhamnose 451:458 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 moles 421:425 moles 421:425 moles 421:425 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 mannose 461:467 mannose 461:467 mannose 461:467 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 galactose 474:482 galactose 474:482 galactose 474:482 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 9 theme polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 amount 413:418 the amount 409:418 the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose 409:482 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 8 10 theme flocculation 943:954 arg1 efficiency 956:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 10 theme flocculation 943:954 arg1 stability 976:984 thermal stability 968:984 thermal stability 968:984 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 10 theme flocculation 943:954 arg1 tolerance 990:998 pH tolerance 987:998 pH tolerance 987:998 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 3 11 theme novel 174:178 arg1 flocculant 180:189 This novel flocculant 169:189 This novel flocculant 169:189 This novel flocculant was derived Klebsiella, which was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses. 25218206 8 12 theme industrial 1083:1092 arg1 application 1094:1104 industrial application 1083:1104 industrial application 1083:1104 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 13 theme thermal 968:974 arg1 efficiency 956:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 13 theme thermal 968:974 arg1 stability 976:984 thermal stability 968:984 thermal stability 968:984 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 7 14 theme structure 840:848 arg1 results 752:758 The results 748:758 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 748:848 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 6 15 theme molecular 598:606 arg1 weight 608:613 a relatively high molecular weight 580:613 a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) 580:628 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 15 theme molecular 598:606 arg1 kDa 625:627 603-1820 kDa 616:627 603-1820 kDa 616:627 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 7 16 theme ZZ-3 821:824 arg1 structure 840:848 ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 821:848 ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 821:848 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 6 17 theme high 593:596 arg1 weight 608:613 a relatively high molecular weight 580:613 a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) 580:628 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 17 theme high 593:596 arg1 kDa 625:627 603-1820 kDa 616:627 603-1820 kDa 616:627 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 0 18 theme efficiency 40:49 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Production and characterization of high efficiency bioflocculant isolated from Klebsiella sp. 25218206 0 18 theme efficiency 40:49 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production and characterization of high efficiency bioflocculant isolated from Klebsiella sp. 25218206 0 19 theme high 35:38 arg1 efficiency 40:49 high efficiency 35:49 high efficiency 35:49 Production and characterization of high efficiency bioflocculant isolated from Klebsiella sp. 25218206 3 20 theme rDNA 243:246 arg1 sequencing 248:257 rDNA sequencing 243:257 rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses 243:307 This novel flocculant was derived Klebsiella, which was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses. 25218206 0 21 dep bioflocculant 51:63 arg1 isolated 65:72 isolated 65:72 bioflocculant isolated from Klebsiella sp 51:91 Production and characterization of high efficiency bioflocculant isolated from Klebsiella sp. 25218206 3 22 theme biochemical 270:280 arg1 analyses 300:307 biochemical and physiological analyses 270:307 rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses 243:307 This novel flocculant was derived Klebsiella, which was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as well as biochemical and physiological analyses. 25218206 8 23 theme pH 987:988 arg1 efficiency 956:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 a high flocculation efficiency 936:965 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 8 23 theme pH 987:988 arg1 tolerance 990:998 pH tolerance 987:998 pH tolerance 987:998 Based on a high flocculation efficiency, thermal stability, pH tolerance and the ability to flocculate without additional cations, ZZ-3 shows potential for industrial application. 25218206 7 24 theme bioflocculant 826:838 arg1 structure 840:848 ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 821:848 ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 821:848 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 7 25 theme measurements 803:814 arg1 results 752:758 The results 748:758 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 748:848 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 4 26 theme % 379:379 arg1 protein 381:387 6.1% protein 376:387 6.1% protein 376:387 The composition of ZZ-3 was found to be 84.6% polysaccharides and 6.1% protein. 25218206 4 27 theme ZZ-3 329:332 arg1 % 354:354 84.6% 350:354 84.6% polysaccharides 350:370 The composition of ZZ-3 was found to be 84.6% polysaccharides and 6.1% protein. 25218206 4 27 theme ZZ-3 329:332 arg1 composition 314:324 The composition 310:324 The composition of ZZ-3 310:332 The composition of ZZ-3 was found to be 84.6% polysaccharides and 6.1% protein. 25218206 7 28 theme observation 775:785 arg1 results 752:758 The results 748:758 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure 748:848 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 5 29 dep polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 polysaccharides 435:449 the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose 431:482 the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose 431:482 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 29 dep polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 mannose 461:467 mannose 461:467 mannose 461:467 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 29 dep polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 galactose 474:482 galactose 474:482 galactose 474:482 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 5 29 dep polysaccharides 435:449 arg1 rhamnose 451:458 rhamnose 451:458 rhamnose 451:458 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 6 30 theme many 643:646 arg1 groups 659:664 many functional groups 643:664 many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation 643:745 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 30 theme many 643:646 arg1 carboxyl 684:691 carboxyl 684:691 carboxyl 684:691 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 30 theme many 643:646 arg1 methoxyl 698:705 methoxyl 698:705 methoxyl 698:705 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 30 theme many 643:646 arg1 amide 677:681 amide 677:681 amide 677:681 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 30 theme many 643:646 arg1 hydroxyl 667:674 hydroxyl 667:674 hydroxyl 667:674 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 7 31 theme zeta 788:791 arg1 measurements 803:814 zeta potential measurements 788:814 zeta potential measurements 788:814 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 0 32 theme Klebsiella 79:88 arg1 sp 90:91 Klebsiella sp 79:91 Klebsiella sp 79:91 Production and characterization of high efficiency bioflocculant isolated from Klebsiella sp. 25218206 7 33 theme microscopic 763:773 arg1 observation 775:785 microscopic observation 763:785 microscopic observation 763:785 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 5 34 dep 2.47 507:510 arg1 greater 522:528 greater 522:528 greater 522:528 More specifically, the amount (moles) of the polysaccharides rhamnose, mannose, and galactose were found to be 6.48, 2.47, and 1.74 greater than glucose, respectively. 25218206 7 35 theme potential 793:801 arg1 measurements 803:814 zeta potential measurements 788:814 zeta potential measurements 788:814 The results of microscopic observation, zeta potential measurements, and ZZ-3 bioflocculant structure suggested that bridging was the main mechanism for flocculation with kaolin. 25218206 2 36 theme new 117:119 arg1 ZZ-3 136:139 ZZ-3 136:139 ZZ-3 136:139 In this study, a new bioflocculant (ZZ-3) is isolated and evaluated. 25218206 2 36 theme new 117:119 arg1 bioflocculant 121:133 a new bioflocculant 115:133 a new bioflocculant (ZZ-3) 115:140 In this study, a new bioflocculant (ZZ-3) is isolated and evaluated. 25218206 6 37 dep groups 659:664 arg1 groups 659:664 many functional groups 643:664 many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation 643:745 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 37 dep groups 659:664 arg1 carboxyl 684:691 carboxyl 684:691 carboxyl 684:691 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 37 dep groups 659:664 arg1 methoxyl 698:705 methoxyl 698:705 methoxyl 698:705 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 37 dep groups 659:664 arg1 amide 677:681 amide 677:681 amide 677:681 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 25218206 6 37 dep groups 659:664 arg1 hydroxyl 667:674 hydroxyl 667:674 hydroxyl 667:674 Results show ZZ-3 has a relatively high molecular weight (603-1820 kDa) and contains many functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, and methoxyl) that likely contribute to flocculation. 27960053 1 0 with Microlasers 37:47 arg1 biocompatibility 59:74 good biocompatibility 54:74 good biocompatibility 54:74 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 4 1 theme dye 501:503 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 1 theme dye 501:503 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 3 2 used used 336:339 arg2 we 333:334 we 333:334 we 333:334 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 2 3 from application 314:324 arg1 increase 286:293 an increase 283:293 an increase of difficulties in application 283:324 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 5 4 theme obtained 666:673 arg1 related 699:705 related 699:705 related 699:705 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 5 4 theme obtained 666:673 arg1 signal 681:686 The obtained laser signal 662:686 The obtained laser signal 662:686 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 4 5 theme starch 505:510 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 5 theme starch 505:510 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 5 6 theme laser 675:679 arg1 related 699:705 related 699:705 related 699:705 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 5 6 theme laser 675:679 arg1 signal 681:686 The obtained laser signal 662:686 The obtained laser signal 662:686 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 4 7 theme whispering 602:611 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 7 theme whispering 602:611 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 5 8 theme starch 747:752 arg1 matrix 754:759 the starch matrix 743:759 the starch matrix 743:759 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 2 9 theme current 163:169 arg1 biolasers 171:179 Most current biolasers 158:179 Most current biolasers 158:179 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 1 10 from systems 149:155 arg1 detection 109:117 the detection 105:117 the detection of tiny changes in biological systems 105:155 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 2 11 theme difficulties 298:309 arg1 increase 286:293 an increase 283:293 an increase of difficulties in application 283:324 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 4 12 with system 512:517 arg1 transparency 529:540 high transparency 524:540 high transparency 524:540 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 12 with system 512:517 arg1 surface 568:574 ultrasmooth spherical surface 546:574 ultrasmooth spherical surface 546:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 13 theme efficient 592:600 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 13 theme efficient 592:600 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 5 14 theme matrix 754:759 arg1 transformation 725:738 the structural transformation 710:738 the structural transformation of the starch matrix 710:759 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 2 15 theme Most 158:161 arg1 biolasers 171:179 Most current biolasers 158:179 Most current biolasers 158:179 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 4 16 theme low 640:642 arg1 lasing 654:659 low threshold lasing 640:659 low threshold lasing 640:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 1 17 theme great 83:87 arg1 significance 89:100 great significance 83:100 great significance 83:100 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 6 18 from variances 915:923 arg1 processes 939:947 biological processes 928:947 biological processes 928:947 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 4 19 theme as-prepared 489:499 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 19 theme as-prepared 489:499 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 0 20 theme Biological 13:22 arg1 Microlasers 24:34 Starch-Based Biological Microlasers 0:34 Starch-Based Biological Microlasers. 0:35 Starch-Based Biological Microlasers. 27960053 6 21 theme variances 915:923 arg1 monitoring 886:895 the monitoring 882:895 the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes 882:947 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 3 22 theme laser 423:427 arg1 dye 429:431 guest organic laser dye 409:431 guest organic laser dye 409:431 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 0 23 theme Starch-Based 0:11 arg1 Microlasers 24:34 Starch-Based Biological Microlasers 0:34 Starch-Based Biological Microlasers. 0:35 Starch-Based Biological Microlasers. 27960053 4 24 theme spherical 558:566 arg1 surface 568:574 ultrasmooth spherical surface 546:574 ultrasmooth spherical surface 546:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 6 25 theme deep 790:793 arg1 insight 795:801 a deep insight 788:801 a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties 788:866 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 3 26 theme dye 369:371 arg1 microlasers 380:390 dye@starch microlasers 369:390 dye@starch microlasers 369:390 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 4 27 theme ultrasmooth 546:556 arg1 surface 568:574 ultrasmooth spherical surface 546:574 ultrasmooth spherical surface 546:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 1 28 from changes 127:133 arg1 systems 149:155 biological systems 138:155 biological systems 138:155 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 4 29 theme threshold 644:652 arg1 lasing 654:659 low threshold lasing 640:659 low threshold lasing 640:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 3 30 theme @ 372:372 arg1 microlasers 380:390 dye@starch microlasers 369:390 dye@starch microlasers 369:390 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 5 31 theme structural 714:723 arg1 transformation 725:738 the structural transformation 710:738 the structural transformation of the starch matrix 710:759 The obtained laser signal is closely related to the structural transformation of the starch matrix. 27960053 3 32 theme starch 468:473 arg1 granules 475:482 starch granules 468:482 starch granules 468:482 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 3 33 theme guest 409:413 arg1 dye 429:431 guest organic laser dye 409:431 guest organic laser dye 409:431 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 3 34 theme interhelical 442:453 arg1 structure 455:463 the interhelical structure 438:463 the interhelical structure of starch granules 438:482 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 3 35 theme organic 415:421 arg1 dye 429:431 guest organic laser dye 409:431 guest organic laser dye 409:431 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 4 36 theme high 524:527 arg1 transparency 529:540 high transparency 524:540 high transparency 524:540 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 2 37 theme external 249:256 arg1 resonators 258:267 various external resonators 241:267 various external resonators 241:267 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 2 38 theme various 241:247 arg1 resonators 258:267 various external resonators 241:267 various external resonators 241:267 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 6 39 theme structural 904:913 arg1 variances 915:923 the structural variances 900:923 the structural variances in biological processes 900:947 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 1 40 theme tiny 122:125 arg1 changes 127:133 tiny changes 122:133 tiny changes in biological systems 122:155 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 6 41 theme biological 928:937 arg1 processes 939:947 biological processes 928:947 biological processes 928:947 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 6 42 theme lasing 957:962 arg1 signals 964:970 lasing signals 957:970 lasing signals 957:970 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 2 43 theme biomaterials 223:234 arg1 introduction 207:218 the introduction 203:218 the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators 203:267 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 1 44 theme changes 127:133 arg1 detection 109:117 the detection 105:117 the detection of tiny changes in biological systems 105:155 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 1 45 from detection 109:117 arg1 systems 149:155 biological systems 138:155 biological systems 138:155 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 3 46 theme granules 475:482 arg1 structure 455:463 the interhelical structure 438:463 the interhelical structure of starch granules 438:482 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 2 47 from increase 286:293 arg1 application 314:324 application 314:324 application 314:324 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 6 48 theme lasing 850:855 arg1 properties 857:866 lasing properties 850:866 lasing properties 850:866 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 1 49 theme biological 138:147 arg1 systems 149:155 biological systems 138:155 biological systems 138:155 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 4 50 theme gallery 613:619 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 50 theme gallery 613:619 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 6 51 from processes 939:947 arg1 monitoring 886:895 the monitoring 882:895 the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes 882:947 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 1 52 theme good 54:57 arg1 biocompatibility 59:74 good biocompatibility 54:74 good biocompatibility 54:74 Microlasers with good biocompatibility are of great significance to the detection of tiny changes in biological systems. 27960053 2 53 from difficulties 298:309 arg1 application 314:324 application 314:324 application 314:324 Most current biolasers were realized through the introduction of biomaterials into various external resonators, resulting in an increase of difficulties in application. 27960053 4 54 theme @ 504:504 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 54 theme @ 504:504 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 6 55 from monitoring 886:895 arg1 processes 939:947 biological processes 928:947 biological processes 928:947 Our results would provide a deep insight into the relationship between biostructure and lasing properties, facilitating the monitoring of the structural variances in biological processes through lasing signals. 27960053 3 56 theme starch 373:378 arg1 microlasers 380:390 dye@starch microlasers 369:390 dye@starch microlasers 369:390 Here, we used starch as the host to build dye@starch microlasers by encapsulating guest organic laser dye into the interhelical structure of starch granules. 27960053 4 57 theme resonator 626:634 arg1 mode 621:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode 589:624 an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing 589:659 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 27960053 4 57 theme resonator 626:634 arg1 system 512:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system 485:517 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface 485:574 The as-prepared dye@starch system with high transparency and ultrasmooth spherical surface functions as an efficient whispering gallery mode resonator for low threshold lasing. 29272773 3 0 theme ball 393:396 arg1 samples 410:416 ball milled wood samples 393:416 ball milled wood samples 393:416 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 6 1 theme required 962:969 arg1 energy 971:976 The required energy 958:976 The required energy 958:976 The required energy ranged from 0.50 to 2.15 kWh/kg for 7-30 min of milling respectively. 29272773 1 2 theme milling 155:161 arg1 Impact 130:135 Impact 130:135 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber 130:186 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 4 3 theme 23.82 717:721 arg1 % 712:712 % 712:712 % 712:712 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 0 4 theme energy 78:83 arg1 consumption 85:95 lower energy consumption 72:95 lower energy consumption 72:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 5 5 theme forest 840:845 arg1 residuals 847:855 the forest residuals 836:855 the forest residuals 836:855 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 2 6 theme ball 356:359 arg1 milling 361:367 ball milling 356:367 ball milling 356:367 Crystalline cellulose decreased from 40.73% to 11.70% by ball milling. 29272773 6 7 dep 0.50 990:993 arg1 to 995:996 to 995:996 to 995:996 The required energy ranged from 0.50 to 2.15 kWh/kg for 7-30 min of milling respectively. 29272773 6 7 dep 0.50 990:993 arg1 2.15 kWh/kg 998:1008 2.15 kWh/kg 998:1008 2.15 kWh/kg 998:1008 The required energy ranged from 0.50 to 2.15 kWh/kg for 7-30 min of milling respectively. 29272773 4 8 theme xylose/mannose 624:637 arg1 yield 639:643 xylose/mannose yield 624:643 xylose/mannose yield 624:643 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 1 9 theme post-harvest 268:279 arg1 residuals 288:296 post-harvest forest residuals 268:296 post-harvest forest residuals 268:296 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 3 10 theme Crystallinity 370:382 arg1 index 384:388 Crystallinity index 370:388 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples 370:416 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 0 11 from residuals 57:65 arg1 yield 16:20 sugar yield 10:20 sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption 10:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 2 12 theme Crystalline 299:309 arg1 cellulose 311:319 Crystalline cellulose 299:319 Crystalline cellulose 299:319 Crystalline cellulose decreased from 40.73% to 11.70% by ball milling. 29272773 1 13 theme forest 281:286 arg1 residuals 288:296 post-harvest forest residuals 268:296 post-harvest forest residuals 268:296 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 0 14 theme ball 116:119 arg1 milling 121:127 planetary ball milling 106:127 planetary ball milling 106:127 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 3 15 contain had 418:420 arg1 index 384:388 Crystallinity index 370:388 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples 370:416 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 15 contain had 418:420 arg2 correlation 433:443 a negative correlation 422:443 a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size 422:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 16 theme fiber 819:823 arg1 bundles 825:831 the compact fiber bundles 807:831 the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals 807:855 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 1 17 theme pre-milled 166:175 arg1 fiber 182:186 pre-milled wood fiber 166:186 pre-milled wood fiber 166:186 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 0 18 theme planetary 106:114 arg1 milling 121:127 planetary ball milling 106:127 planetary ball milling 106:127 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 5 19 theme residuals 847:855 arg1 bundles 825:831 the compact fiber bundles 807:831 the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals 807:855 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 1 20 from Impact 130:135 arg1 fiber 182:186 pre-milled wood fiber 166:186 pre-milled wood fiber 166:186 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 3 21 with correlation 538:548 arg1 size 571:574 median particle size 555:574 median particle size 555:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 1 22 theme wood 177:180 arg1 fiber 182:186 pre-milled wood fiber 166:186 pre-milled wood fiber 166:186 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 0 23 theme sugar 10:14 arg1 yield 16:20 sugar yield 10:20 sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption 10:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 3 24 dep had 418:420 arg1 r = 0.77 577:584 r = 0.77 577:584 r = 0.77 577:584 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 25 theme samples 410:416 arg1 index 384:388 Crystallinity index 370:388 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples 370:416 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 26 theme negative 424:431 arg1 correlation 433:443 a negative correlation 422:443 a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size 422:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 27 theme milled 398:403 arg1 samples 410:416 ball milled wood samples 393:416 ball milled wood samples 393:416 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 28 with xylose/mannose 486:499 arg1 size 571:574 median particle size 555:574 median particle size 555:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 2 29 theme 40.73 336:340 arg1 % 341:341 % 341:341 % 341:341 Crystalline cellulose decreased from 40.73% to 11.70% by ball milling. 29272773 3 30 dep r = 0.77 577:584 arg1 p < .01 587:593 p < .01 587:593 p < .01 587:593 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 31 with particles 881:889 arg1 ratio 909:913 lower aspect ratio 896:913 lower aspect ratio 896:913 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 3 32 with yield 458:462 arg1 size 571:574 median particle size 555:574 median particle size 555:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 33 theme smaller 873:879 arg1 particles 881:889 smaller particles 873:889 smaller particles with lower aspect ratio 873:913 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 3 34 theme positive 529:536 arg1 correlation 538:548 a positive correlation 527:548 a positive correlation with median particle size 527:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 2 35 dep % 341:341 arg1 to 343:344 to 343:344 to 343:344 Crystalline cellulose decreased from 40.73% to 11.70% by ball milling. 29272773 5 36 theme biomass 784:790 arg1 changes 753:759 Morphological changes 739:759 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass 739:790 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 3 37 theme median 555:560 arg1 particle 562:569 median particle 555:569 median particle size 555:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 38 theme aspect 902:907 arg1 ratio 909:913 lower aspect ratio 896:913 lower aspect ratio 896:913 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 4 39 dep % 712:712 arg1 to 714:715 to 714:715 to 714:715 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 4 40 theme milled 654:659 arg1 samples 661:667 ball milled samples 649:667 ball milled samples 649:667 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 0 41 theme Douglas-fir 38:48 arg1 residuals 57:65 pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals 27:65 pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption 27:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 4 42 theme yield 639:643 arg1 Range 597:601 Range 597:601 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples 597:667 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 4 43 theme yield 614:618 arg1 Range 597:601 Range 597:601 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples 597:667 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 0 44 theme pre-milled 27:36 arg1 residuals 57:65 pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals 27:65 pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption 27:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 5 45 theme compact 811:817 arg1 bundles 825:831 the compact fiber bundles 807:831 the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals 807:855 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 6 46 theme milling 1026:1032 arg1 7-30 min 1014:1021 7-30 min 1014:1021 7-30 min of milling 1014:1032 The required energy ranged from 0.50 to 2.15 kWh/kg for 7-30 min of milling respectively. 29272773 4 47 theme glucose 606:612 arg1 yield 614:618 glucose yield 606:618 glucose yield 606:618 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 3 48 theme wood 405:408 arg1 samples 410:416 ball milled wood samples 393:416 ball milled wood samples 393:416 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 49 theme Morphological 739:751 arg1 changes 753:759 Morphological changes 739:759 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass 739:790 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 3 50 theme particle 562:569 arg1 size 571:574 median particle size 555:574 median particle size 555:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 0 51 theme forest 50:55 arg1 residuals 57:65 pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals 27:65 pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption 27:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 3 52 with correlation 433:443 arg1 correlation 538:548 a positive correlation 527:548 a positive correlation with median particle size 527:574 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 52 with correlation 433:443 arg1 xylose/mannose 486:499 xylose/mannose 486:499 xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01) 486:520 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 3 52 with correlation 433:443 arg1 yield 458:462 glucose yield 450:462 glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01) 450:483 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 53 theme lower 896:900 arg1 ratio 909:913 lower aspect ratio 896:913 lower aspect ratio 896:913 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 3 54 dep yield 458:462 arg1 p < .01 476:482 p < .01 476:482 p < .01 476:482 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 2 55 theme 11.70 346:350 arg1 % 341:341 % 341:341 % 341:341 Crystalline cellulose decreased from 40.73% to 11.70% by ball milling. 29272773 4 56 theme 11.92 707:711 arg1 % 712:712 % 712:712 % 712:712 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 3 57 dep xylose/mannose 486:499 arg1 p < .01 513:519 p < .01 513:519 p < .01 513:519 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 5 58 theme ball 944:947 arg1 milling 949:955 ball milling 944:955 ball milling 944:955 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 0 59 with residuals 57:65 arg1 consumption 85:95 lower energy consumption 72:95 lower energy consumption 72:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 4 60 theme ball 649:652 arg1 samples 661:667 ball milled samples 649:667 ball milled samples 649:667 Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. 29272773 1 61 theme energy 225:230 arg1 consumption 232:242 energy consumption 225:242 energy consumption 225:242 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 0 62 theme lower 72:76 arg1 consumption 85:95 lower energy consumption 72:95 lower energy consumption 72:95 Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. 29272773 5 63 theme milling 949:955 arg1 intensity 931:939 intensity 931:939 intensity of ball milling 931:955 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 1 64 theme planetary 140:148 arg1 milling 155:161 planetary ball milling 140:161 planetary ball milling 140:161 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 3 65 theme glucose 450:456 arg1 yield 458:462 glucose yield 450:462 glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01) 450:483 Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). 29272773 1 66 theme consumption 232:242 arg1 efficiency 211:220 efficiency 211:220 efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals 211:296 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 29272773 5 67 theme lignocellulosic 768:782 arg1 biomass 784:790 the lignocellulosic biomass 764:790 the lignocellulosic biomass 764:790 Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. 29272773 1 68 theme ball 150:153 arg1 milling 155:161 planetary ball milling 140:161 planetary ball milling 140:161 Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. 23681169 2 0 from complex 406:412 arg1 map 339:341 a detailed map 328:341 a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 328:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 3 1 theme ECM 479:481 arg1 pattern 492:498 the ECM staining pattern 475:498 the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 475:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 9 2 theme nuclei 1554:1559 arg1 cytoarchitecture 1490:1505 variable cytoarchitecture 1481:1505 variable cytoarchitecture 1481:1505 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 9 2 theme nuclei 1554:1559 arg1 organization 1523:1534 hodological organization 1511:1534 hodological organization 1511:1534 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 6 3 theme DVN 1087:1089 arg1 part 1075:1078 The caudal part 1064:1078 The caudal part of the DVN 1064:1089 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 4 4 theme lateral 777:783 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 1 5 theme extracellular 171:183 arg1 matrix 185:190 the extracellular matrix 167:190 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 167:196 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 1 5 theme extracellular 171:183 arg1 ECM 193:195 ECM 193:195 ECM 193:195 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 4 6 theme medial 789:794 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 6 7 theme caudal 1068:1073 arg1 part 1075:1078 The caudal part 1064:1078 The caudal part of the DVN 1064:1089 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 9 8 with cases 1466:1470 arg1 cytoarchitecture 1490:1505 variable cytoarchitecture 1481:1505 variable cytoarchitecture 1481:1505 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 9 8 with cases 1466:1470 arg1 organization 1523:1534 hodological organization 1511:1534 hodological organization 1511:1534 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 3 9 from characteristics 456:470 arg1 VNC 507:509 the VNC 503:509 the VNC 503:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 10 theme differences 527:537 arg1 characteristics 456:470 observed common characteristics 440:470 observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 440:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 10 theme differences 527:537 arg1 number 517:522 a number 515:522 a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions 515:599 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 9 11 theme vestibular 1543:1552 arg1 nuclei 1554:1559 the vestibular nuclei 1539:1559 the vestibular nuclei 1539:1559 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 9 12 from differences 1579:1589 arg1 composition 1602:1612 the ECM composition 1594:1612 the ECM composition 1594:1612 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 2 13 from distribution 350:361 arg1 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 13 from distribution 350:361 arg1 complex 406:412 the vestibular nuclear complex 383:412 the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 383:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 9 14 theme ECM 1598:1600 arg1 composition 1602:1612 the ECM composition 1594:1612 the ECM composition 1594:1612 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 8 15 theme individual 1315:1324 arg1 nuclei 1337:1342 the individual vestibular nuclei 1311:1342 the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity 1311:1380 The neuropil also exhibited heterogeneity among the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity. 23681169 7 16 theme punctuate 1241:1249 arg1 appearance 1251:1260 its punctuate appearance 1237:1260 its punctuate appearance 1237:1260 Throughout the VNC, versican staining in the PNN, when present, was distinctive due to its punctuate appearance. 23681169 3 17 theme vestibular 560:569 arg1 nuclei 571:576 the individual vestibular nuclei 545:576 the individual vestibular nuclei 545:576 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 1 18 theme regional 204:211 arg1 differences 213:223 regional differences 204:223 regional differences in the central nervous system 204:253 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 4 19 theme HAPLN1 827:832 arg1 protein 839:845 the HAPLN1 link protein 823:845 the HAPLN1 link protein 823:845 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 8 20 theme ECM 1347:1349 arg1 pattern 1360:1366 ECM staining pattern 1347:1366 ECM staining pattern 1347:1366 The neuropil also exhibited heterogeneity among the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity. 23681169 3 21 from number 517:522 arg1 VNC 507:509 the VNC 503:509 the VNC 503:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 9 22 dep gaze 1676:1679 arg1 control 1693:1699 control 1693:1699 control 1693:1699 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 5 23 theme staining 983:990 arg1 pattern 992:998 a similar staining pattern 973:998 a similar staining pattern 973:998 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 1 24 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 composition 152:162 the molecular and structural composition 123:162 the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 123:196 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 9 25 theme specific 1632:1639 arg1 functions 1650:1658 specific neuronal functions 1632:1658 specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation 1632:1727 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 8 26 from nuclei 1337:1342 arg1 intensity 1372:1380 intensity 1372:1380 intensity 1372:1380 The neuropil also exhibited heterogeneity among the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity. 23681169 8 26 from nuclei 1337:1342 arg1 pattern 1360:1366 ECM staining pattern 1347:1366 ECM staining pattern 1347:1366 The neuropil also exhibited heterogeneity among the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity. 23681169 5 27 theme brevican 1034:1041 arg1 exception 1021:1029 the exception 1017:1029 the exception 1017:1029 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 5 27 theme brevican 1034:1041 arg1 negative 1054:1061 negative 1054:1061 negative 1054:1061 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 1 28 theme structural 141:150 arg1 composition 152:162 the molecular and structural composition 123:162 the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 123:196 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 4 29 theme pericellular 643:654 arg1 net 619:621 net 619:621 net 619:621 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 4 29 theme pericellular 643:654 arg1 condensation 656:667 the pericellular condensation 639:667 the pericellular condensation of ECM 639:674 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 4 30 theme staining 883:890 arg1 intensity 892:900 moderate staining intensity 874:900 moderate staining intensity 874:900 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 9 31 theme ECM 1430:1432 arg1 molecules 1434:1442 ECM molecules 1430:1442 ECM molecules 1430:1442 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 4 32 dep showed 677:682 arg1 whereas 815:821 whereas 815:821 whereas 815:821 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 2 33 theme molecules 370:378 arg1 distribution 350:361 the distribution 346:361 the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 346:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 0 34 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 composition 10:20 Molecular composition 0:20 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat 0:80 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat. 23681169 1 35 theme Previous 83:90 arg1 studies 92:98 Previous studies 83:98 Previous studies 83:98 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 9 36 theme vestibular 1705:1714 arg1 compensation 1716:1727 vestibular compensation 1705:1727 vestibular compensation 1705:1727 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 2 37 theme distribution 350:361 arg1 map 339:341 a detailed map 328:341 a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 328:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 4 38 theme intense 693:699 arg1 staining 701:708 the most intense staining 684:708 the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 684:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 2 39 theme nuclear 398:404 arg1 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 39 theme nuclear 398:404 arg1 complex 406:412 the vestibular nuclear complex 383:412 the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 383:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 0 40 theme matrix 39:44 arg1 composition 10:20 Molecular composition 0:20 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat 0:80 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat. 23681169 4 41 theme superior 767:774 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 3 42 theme observed 440:447 arg1 characteristics 456:470 observed common characteristics 440:470 observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 440:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 5 43 theme descending 927:936 arg1 DVN 958:960 DVN 958:960 DVN 958:960 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 5 43 theme descending 927:936 arg1 nucleus 949:955 the descending vestibular nucleus 923:955 the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) 923:961 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 3 44 theme staining 483:490 arg1 pattern 492:498 the ECM staining pattern 475:498 the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 475:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 5 45 theme nucleus 949:955 arg1 part 915:918 The rostral part 903:918 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) 903:961 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 1 46 theme nervous 240:246 arg1 system 248:253 the central nervous system 228:253 the central nervous system 228:253 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 4 47 theme vestibular 796:805 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 2 48 theme immunohistochemical 283:301 arg1 methods 303:309 histochemical and immunohistochemical methods 265:309 histochemical and immunohistochemical methods 265:309 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 49 from map 339:341 arg1 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 49 from map 339:341 arg1 complex 406:412 the vestibular nuclear complex 383:412 the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 383:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 3 50 from pattern 492:498 arg1 VNC 507:509 the VNC 503:509 the VNC 503:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 2 51 theme histochemical 265:277 arg1 methods 303:309 histochemical and immunohistochemical methods 265:309 histochemical and immunohistochemical methods 265:309 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 9 52 dep cytoarchitecture 1490:1505 arg1 the 1477:1479 the 1477:1479 the 1477:1479 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 1 53 theme matrix 185:190 arg1 composition 152:162 the molecular and structural composition 123:162 the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 123:196 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 8 54 theme vestibular 1326:1335 arg1 nuclei 1337:1342 the individual vestibular nuclei 1311:1342 the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity 1311:1380 The neuropil also exhibited heterogeneity among the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity. 23681169 6 55 from staining 1107:1114 arg1 PNN 1145:1147 the PNN 1141:1147 the PNN 1141:1147 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 3 56 theme individual 549:558 arg1 nuclei 571:576 the individual vestibular nuclei 545:576 the individual vestibular nuclei 545:576 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 57 contain have 435:438 arg2 number 517:522 a number 515:522 a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions 515:599 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 57 contain have 435:438 arg1 We 432:433 We 432:433 We 432:433 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 57 contain have 435:438 arg2 characteristics 456:470 observed common characteristics 440:470 observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 440:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 6 58 theme ECM 1124:1126 arg1 molecules 1128:1136 all ECM molecules 1120:1136 all ECM molecules 1120:1136 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 8 59 theme staining 1351:1358 arg1 pattern 1360:1366 ECM staining pattern 1347:1366 ECM staining pattern 1347:1366 The neuropil also exhibited heterogeneity among the individual vestibular nuclei in ECM staining pattern and intensity. 23681169 1 60 from differences 213:223 arg1 system 248:253 the central nervous system 228:253 the central nervous system 228:253 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 23681169 5 61 theme similar 975:981 arg1 pattern 992:998 a similar staining pattern 973:998 a similar staining pattern 973:998 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 4 62 from tenascin-R 749:758 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 4 63 theme link 834:837 arg1 protein 839:845 the HAPLN1 link protein 823:845 the HAPLN1 link protein 823:845 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 6 64 theme weakest 1099:1105 arg1 staining 1107:1114 the weakest staining 1095:1114 the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN 1095:1147 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 4 65 theme ECM 672:674 arg1 net 619:621 net 619:621 net 619:621 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 4 65 theme ECM 672:674 arg1 condensation 656:667 the pericellular condensation 639:667 the pericellular condensation of ECM 639:674 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 4 66 from brevican 736:743 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 5 67 attach presented 963:971 arg2 part 915:918 The rostral part 903:918 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) 903:961 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 5 67 attach presented 963:971 arg1 PNN 1007:1009 the PNN 1003:1009 the PNN 1003:1009 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 9 68 theme neuronal 1641:1648 arg1 functions 1650:1658 specific neuronal functions 1632:1658 specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation 1632:1727 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 0 69 theme rat 78:80 arg1 nuclei 64:69 the vestibular nuclei 49:69 the vestibular nuclei of the rat 49:80 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat. 23681169 4 70 from aggrecan 726:733 arg1 nuclei 807:812 the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei 763:812 nuclei 807:812 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 9 71 theme heterogeneous 1400:1412 arg1 distribution 1414:1425 the heterogeneous distribution 1396:1425 the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules 1396:1442 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 0 72 from composition 10:20 arg1 nuclei 64:69 the vestibular nuclei 49:69 the vestibular nuclei of the rat 49:80 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat. 23681169 3 73 from VNC 507:509 arg1 characteristics 456:470 observed common characteristics 440:470 observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 440:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 73 from VNC 507:509 arg1 number 517:522 a number 515:522 a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions 515:599 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 9 74 theme hodological 1511:1521 arg1 organization 1523:1534 hodological organization 1511:1534 hodological organization 1511:1534 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 4 75 theme moderate 874:881 arg1 intensity 892:900 moderate staining intensity 874:900 moderate staining intensity 874:900 The perineuronal net (PNN), which is the pericellular condensation of ECM, showed the most intense staining for hyaluronan, aggrecan, brevican and tenascin-R in the superior, lateral and medial vestibular nuclei, whereas the HAPLN1 link protein and the neurocan exhibited moderate staining intensity. 23681169 5 76 theme rostral 907:913 arg1 part 915:918 The rostral part 903:918 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) 903:961 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 9 77 theme molecules 1434:1442 arg1 distribution 1414:1425 the heterogeneous distribution 1396:1425 the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules 1396:1442 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 2 78 theme ECM 366:368 arg1 molecules 370:378 ECM molecules 366:378 ECM molecules 366:378 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 0 79 theme extracellular 25:37 arg1 matrix 39:44 extracellular matrix 25:44 extracellular matrix 25:44 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat. 23681169 9 80 theme many 1461:1464 arg1 cases 1466:1470 many cases 1461:1470 many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei 1461:1559 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 7 81 theme versican 1170:1177 arg1 staining 1179:1186 versican staining 1170:1186 versican staining in the PNN, when present, 1170:1212 Throughout the VNC, versican staining in the PNN, when present, was distinctive due to its punctuate appearance. 23681169 6 82 contain had 1091:1093 arg2 staining 1107:1114 the weakest staining 1095:1114 the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN 1095:1147 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 6 82 contain had 1091:1093 arg1 part 1075:1078 The caudal part 1064:1078 The caudal part of the DVN 1064:1089 The caudal part of the DVN had the weakest staining for all ECM molecules in the PNN. 23681169 2 83 theme vestibular 387:396 arg1 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 83 theme vestibular 387:396 arg1 complex 406:412 the vestibular nuclear complex 383:412 the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 383:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 0 84 theme vestibular 53:62 arg1 nuclei 64:69 the vestibular nuclei 49:69 the vestibular nuclei of the rat 49:80 Molecular composition of extracellular matrix in the vestibular nuclei of the rat. 23681169 9 85 theme variable 1481:1488 arg1 cytoarchitecture 1490:1505 variable cytoarchitecture 1481:1505 variable cytoarchitecture 1481:1505 We find that the heterogeneous distribution of ECM molecules is associated in many cases with the variable cytoarchitecture and hodological organization of the vestibular nuclei, and propose that differences in the ECM composition may be related to specific neuronal functions associated with gaze and posture control and vestibular compensation. 23681169 7 86 from staining 1179:1186 arg1 PNN 1195:1197 PNN 1195:1197 PNN 1195:1197 Throughout the VNC, versican staining in the PNN, when present, was distinctive due to its punctuate appearance. 23681169 2 87 theme rat 427:429 arg1 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 VNC 415:417 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 87 theme rat 427:429 arg1 complex 406:412 the vestibular nuclear complex 383:412 the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 383:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 2 88 theme detailed 330:337 arg1 map 339:341 a detailed map 328:341 a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat 328:429 By using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we provide here a detailed map of the distribution of ECM molecules in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. 23681169 3 89 theme common 449:454 arg1 characteristics 456:470 observed common characteristics 440:470 observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 440:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 5 90 theme vestibular 938:947 arg1 DVN 958:960 DVN 958:960 DVN 958:960 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 5 90 theme vestibular 938:947 arg1 nucleus 949:955 the descending vestibular nucleus 923:955 the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) 923:961 The rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN) presented a similar staining pattern in the PNN, with the exception of brevican, which was negative. 23681169 3 91 theme pattern 492:498 arg1 characteristics 456:470 observed common characteristics 440:470 observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC 440:509 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 3 91 theme pattern 492:498 arg1 number 517:522 a number 515:522 a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions 515:599 We have observed common characteristics of the ECM staining pattern in the VNC and a number of differences among the individual vestibular nuclei and their subdivisions. 23681169 1 92 theme central 232:238 arg1 system 248:253 the central nervous system 228:253 the central nervous system 228:253 Previous studies have demonstrated that the molecular and structural composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) shows regional differences in the central nervous system. 25843858 3 0 theme clear 669:673 arg1 retardation 689:699 clear reaction rate retardation 669:699 clear reaction rate retardation 669:699 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 3 1 theme normal 709:714 arg1 maize 731:735 normal maize and waxy maize 709:735 normal maize and waxy maize 709:735 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 1 2 theme fractal-like 146:157 arg1 model 179:183 a fractal-like first-order kinetic model 144:183 a fractal-like first-order kinetic model 144:183 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 3 3 theme amylose-extender 637:652 arg1 curves 654:659 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 618:659 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 618:659 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 4 4 theme maize 816:820 arg1 mutants 822:828 the maize mutants 812:828 the maize mutants 812:828 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 1 5 theme first-order 159:169 arg1 model 179:183 a fractal-like first-order kinetic model 144:183 a fractal-like first-order kinetic model 144:183 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 6 theme single 243:248 arg1 mutants 261:267 single and double mutants 243:267 single and double mutants of maize starch 243:283 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 6 theme single 243:248 arg1 type 237:240 13 wild type 229:240 13 wild type 229:240 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 2 7 theme rate 486:489 arg1 coefficient 491:501 the reaction rate coefficient 473:501 the reaction rate coefficient 473:501 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 3 8 theme curves 654:659 arg1 mutants 603:609 10 mutants 600:609 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 600:659 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 2 9 theme reaction 477:484 arg1 coefficient 491:501 the reaction rate coefficient 473:501 the reaction rate coefficient 473:501 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 10 theme major 328:332 arg1 parameter 385:393 an additional parameter 371:393 an additional parameter 371:393 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 10 theme major 328:332 arg1 difference 334:343 The major difference 324:343 The major difference between the two models 324:366 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 1 11 theme double 254:259 arg1 mutants 261:267 single and double mutants 243:267 single and double mutants of maize starch 243:283 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 11 theme double 254:259 arg1 type 237:240 13 wild type 229:240 13 wild type 229:240 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 4 12 theme other 894:898 arg1 hand 900:903 the other hand 890:903 the other hand 890:903 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 4 13 theme kinetics 799:806 arg1 kinetics 799:806 kinetics 799:806 kinetics for the maize mutants 799:828 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 4 13 theme kinetics 799:806 arg1 groups 789:794 two groups 785:794 two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy 785:863 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 5 14 theme Possible 906:913 arg1 relations 915:923 Possible relations 906:923 Possible relations between the parameters of the model and granule composition and structure 906:997 Possible relations between the parameters of the model and granule composition and structure are discussed. 25843858 1 15 theme kinetic 171:177 arg1 model 179:183 a fractal-like first-order kinetic model 144:183 a fractal-like first-order kinetic model 144:183 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 4 16 from sugary-2 878:885 arg1 hand 900:903 the other hand 890:903 the other hand 890:903 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 3 17 theme reaction 675:682 arg1 retardation 689:699 clear reaction rate retardation 669:699 clear reaction rate retardation 669:699 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 3 18 theme waxy 726:729 arg1 maize 731:735 normal maize and waxy maize 709:735 normal maize and waxy maize 709:735 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 5 19 theme model 955:959 arg1 parameters 937:946 the parameters 933:946 the parameters of the model 933:959 Possible relations between the parameters of the model and granule composition and structure are discussed. 25843858 5 19 theme model 955:959 arg1 structure 989:997 structure 989:997 structure 989:997 Possible relations between the parameters of the model and granule composition and structure are discussed. 25843858 5 19 theme model 955:959 arg1 composition 973:983 granule composition 965:983 granule composition 965:983 Possible relations between the parameters of the model and granule composition and structure are discussed. 25843858 3 20 theme rate 684:687 arg1 retardation 689:699 clear reaction rate retardation 669:699 clear reaction rate retardation 669:699 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 2 21 dep exponent 417:424 arg1 h 426:426 h 426:426 the fractal kinetics exponent h 396:426 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 3 22 theme kinetic 531:537 arg1 model 539:543 The fractal-like kinetic model 514:543 The fractal-like kinetic model 514:543 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 2 23 theme kinetics 408:415 arg1 exponent 417:424 the fractal kinetics exponent 396:424 the fractal kinetics exponent h 396:426 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 23 theme kinetics 408:415 arg1 parameter 385:393 an additional parameter 371:393 an additional parameter 371:393 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 3 24 theme maize 716:720 arg1 maize 731:735 normal maize and waxy maize 709:735 normal maize and waxy maize 709:735 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 1 25 theme empirical 86:94 arg1 models 96:101 Two empirical models 82:101 Two empirical models 82:101 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 0 26 theme mutant 20:25 arg1 starches 27:34 maize mutant starches 14:34 maize mutant starches 14:34 Amylolysis of maize mutant starches described with a fractal-like kinetics model. 25843858 3 27 dep curves 654:659 arg1 out 611:613 out 611:613 out 611:613 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 4 28 dep groups 789:794 arg1 waxy 860:863 waxy 860:863 waxy 860:863 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 4 28 dep groups 789:794 arg1 normal 849:854 normal 849:854 normal 849:854 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 4 28 dep groups 789:794 arg1 amylose-extender 831:846 amylose-extender 831:846 amylose-extender 831:846 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 0 29 theme maize 14:18 arg1 starches 27:34 maize mutant starches 14:34 maize mutant starches 14:34 Amylolysis of maize mutant starches described with a fractal-like kinetics model. 25843858 1 30 theme maize 272:276 arg1 starch 278:283 maize starch 272:283 maize starch 272:283 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 3 31 theme fractal-like 518:529 arg1 model 539:543 The fractal-like kinetic model 514:543 The fractal-like kinetic model 514:543 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 1 32 theme starch 278:283 arg1 mutants 261:267 single and double mutants 243:267 single and double mutants of maize starch 243:283 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 32 theme starch 278:283 arg1 type 237:240 13 wild type 229:240 13 wild type 229:240 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 2 33 theme additional 374:383 arg1 difference 334:343 The major difference 324:343 The major difference between the two models 324:366 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 33 theme additional 374:383 arg1 exponent 417:424 the fractal kinetics exponent 396:424 the fractal kinetics exponent h 396:426 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 33 theme additional 374:383 arg1 parameter 385:393 an additional parameter 371:393 an additional parameter 371:393 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 0 34 theme starches 27:34 arg1 Amylolysis 0:9 Amylolysis 0:9 Amylolysis of maize mutant starches 0:34 Amylolysis of maize mutant starches described with a fractal-like kinetics model. 25843858 2 35 theme coefficient 491:501 arg1 decrease 461:468 a decrease 459:468 a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient 459:501 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 36 theme fractal 400:406 arg1 exponent 417:424 the fractal kinetics exponent 396:424 the fractal kinetics exponent h 396:426 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 2 36 theme fractal 400:406 arg1 parameter 385:393 an additional parameter 371:393 an additional parameter 371:393 The major difference between the two models is an additional parameter, the fractal kinetics exponent h, which enables to characterise a decrease of the reaction rate coefficient over time. 25843858 1 37 theme porcine 288:294 arg1 PPA 318:320 PPA 318:320 PPA 318:320 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 37 theme porcine 288:294 arg1 α-amylase 307:315 porcine pancreatic α-amylase 288:315 porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) 288:321 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 38 theme pancreatic 296:305 arg1 PPA 318:320 PPA 318:320 PPA 318:320 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 38 theme pancreatic 296:305 arg1 α-amylase 307:315 porcine pancreatic α-amylase 288:315 porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) 288:321 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 3 39 theme sugary-2 624:631 arg1 curves 654:659 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 618:659 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 618:659 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 5 40 theme granule 965:971 arg1 composition 973:983 granule composition 965:983 granule composition 965:983 Possible relations between the parameters of the model and granule composition and structure are discussed. 25843858 1 41 theme conventional 106:117 arg1 kinetics 131:138 a conventional first-order kinetics 104:138 a conventional first-order kinetics 104:138 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 4 42 theme values 770:775 arg1 Analysis 738:745 Analysis 738:745 Analysis of the model parameter values 738:775 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 1 43 theme first-order 119:129 arg1 kinetics 131:138 a conventional first-order kinetics 104:138 a conventional first-order kinetics 104:138 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 0 44 theme kinetics 66:73 arg1 model 75:79 a fractal-like kinetics model 51:79 a fractal-like kinetics model 51:79 Amylolysis of maize mutant starches described with a fractal-like kinetics model. 25843858 3 45 theme as 621:622 arg1 curves 654:659 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 618:659 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves 618:659 The fractal-like kinetic model should be preferred to characterise the amylolysis for 10 mutants out of 13 as sugary-2 and amylose-extender curves exhibit clear reaction rate retardation, unlike normal maize and waxy maize. 25843858 4 46 theme parameter 760:768 arg1 values 770:775 the model parameter values 750:775 the model parameter values 750:775 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 1 47 theme wild 232:235 arg1 mutants 261:267 single and double mutants 243:267 single and double mutants of maize starch 243:283 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 1 47 theme wild 232:235 arg1 type 237:240 13 wild type 229:240 13 wild type 229:240 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25843858 0 48 theme fractal-like 53:64 arg1 model 75:79 a fractal-like kinetics model 51:79 a fractal-like kinetics model 51:79 Amylolysis of maize mutant starches described with a fractal-like kinetics model. 25843858 4 49 theme model 754:758 arg1 values 770:775 the model parameter values 750:775 the model parameter values 750:775 Analysis of the model parameter values reveals two groups of kinetics for the maize mutants: amylose-extender, normal and waxy on one hand, sugary-2 on the other hand. 25843858 1 50 theme type 237:240 arg1 hydrolysis 215:224 the hydrolysis 211:224 the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch 211:283 Two empirical models, a conventional first-order kinetics and a fractal-like first-order kinetic model were tested for analysing the hydrolysis of 13 wild type, single and double mutants of maize starch by porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). 25272744 4 0 theme higher 459:464 arg1 level 476:480 a higher stability level 457:480 a higher stability level 457:480 The complexes formed at pH 3.0 differed by a higher stability level. 25272744 5 1 theme complexes 599:607 arg1 formation 586:594 the formation 582:594 the formation of complexes 582:607 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 7 2 theme composition 885:895 arg1 products 942:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products 881:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products 881:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 0 3 from complexes 17:25 arg1 basis 83:87 their basis 77:87 their basis 77:87 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin and pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis]. 25272744 6 4 theme protamine 814:822 arg1 solutions 838:846 protamine and chitosane solutions 814:846 protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses 814:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 3 5 from efficiency 277:286 arg1 complex 306:312 a complex 304:312 a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 304:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 5 6 theme IR-spectrometry 684:698 arg1 data 700:703 IR-spectrometry data 684:703 IR-spectrometry data 684:703 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 6 7 theme LF-DS 793:797 arg1 complexes 799:807 negatively charged LF-DS complexes 774:807 negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses 774:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 7 8 theme humans 1221:1226 arg1 passage 1175:1181 the passage 1171:1181 the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans 1171:1226 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 5 9 theme LF 569:570 arg1 activity 557:564 the antioxidant activity 541:564 the antioxidant activity of LF 541:570 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 8 10 theme LF 1370:1371 arg1 administration 1352:1365 oral administration 1347:1365 oral administration of LF to target cells 1347:1387 These data indicate that this approach is promising for the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells. 25272744 3 11 from LF 291:292 arg1 pH 317:318 pH 3.0 and 4.0 317:330 pH 317:318 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 11 from LF 291:292 arg1 4.0 328:330 4.0 328:330 4.0 328:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 11 from LF 291:292 arg1 complex 306:312 a complex 304:312 a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 304:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 7 12 theme gastrointestinal 1195:1210 arg1 tract 1212:1216 the gastrointestinal tract 1191:1216 the gastrointestinal tract 1191:1216 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 0 13 from microparticles 59:72 arg1 basis 83:87 their basis 77:87 their basis 77:87 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin and pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis]. 25272744 5 14 from decrease 529:536 arg1 activity 557:564 the antioxidant activity 541:564 the antioxidant activity of LF 541:570 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 8 15 theme target 1376:1381 arg1 cells 1383:1387 target cells 1376:1387 target cells 1376:1387 These data indicate that this approach is promising for the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells. 25272744 6 16 with solutions 838:846 arg1 masses 873:878 different molecular masses 853:878 different molecular masses 853:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 7 17 theme interaction 930:940 arg1 size 898:901 size 898:901 size 898:901 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 7 17 theme interaction 930:940 arg1 composition 885:895 composition 885:895 composition 885:895 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 7 17 theme interaction 930:940 arg1 zeta-potential 912:925 the zeta-potential 908:925 the zeta-potential of interaction 908:940 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 7 18 theme polyelectrolyte 1043:1057 arg1 microparticles 1059:1072 pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles 1030:1072 pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans 1030:1226 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 0 19 theme [Polyelectrolyte 0:15 arg1 complexes 17:25 [Polyelectrolyte complexes 0:25 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin 0:40 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin and pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis]. 25272744 6 20 theme chitosane 828:836 arg1 solutions 838:846 protamine and chitosane solutions 814:846 protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses 814:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 3 21 from 4.0 328:330 arg1 DS 298:299 DS 298:299 DS 298:299 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 21 from 4.0 328:330 arg1 complex 306:312 a complex 304:312 a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 304:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 21 from 4.0 328:330 arg1 LF 291:292 LF 291:292 LF 291:292 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 0 22 theme lactoferrin 30:40 arg1 microparticles 59:72 pH-sensitive microparticles 46:72 pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis 46:87 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin and pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis]. 25272744 0 22 theme lactoferrin 30:40 arg1 complexes 17:25 [Polyelectrolyte complexes 0:25 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin 0:40 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin and pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis]. 25272744 8 23 theme suitable 1334:1341 arg1 biopolyelectrolytes 1314:1332 pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes 1301:1332 pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells 1301:1387 These data indicate that this approach is promising for the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells. 25272744 5 24 theme LF 658:659 arg1 molecules 661:669 LF molecules 658:669 LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data 658:703 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 5 25 theme antioxidant 545:555 arg1 activity 557:564 the antioxidant activity 541:564 the antioxidant activity of LF 541:570 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 1 26 theme insoluble 106:114 arg1 Suspensions 91:101 Suspensions 91:101 Suspensions of insoluble 91:114 Suspensions of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes of dextran sulfate? 25272744 7 27 gly glycoprotein 1130:1141 arg1 glycoprotein 1130:1141 glycoprotein 1130:1141 glycoprotein 1130:1141 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 7 28 theme microparticles 1059:1072 arg1 preparation 1015:1025 the preparation 1011:1025 the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans 1011:1226 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 3 29 theme LF 291:292 arg1 efficiency 277:286 The encapsulation efficiency 259:286 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 259:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 2 30 theme masses 190:195 arg1 DS 163:164 (DS) 162:165 (DS) of different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) 162:217 (DS) of different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) have been fabricated and characterized. 25272744 0 31 theme pH-sensitive 46:57 arg1 microparticles 59:72 pH-sensitive microparticles 46:72 pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis 46:87 [Polyelectrolyte complexes of lactoferrin and pH-sensitive microparticles on their basis]. 25272744 3 32 theme encapsulation 263:275 arg1 efficiency 277:286 The encapsulation efficiency 259:286 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 259:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 2 33 theme molecular 180:188 arg1 masses 190:195 different molecular masses 170:195 different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) 170:217 (DS) of different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) have been fabricated and characterized. 25272744 2 34 theme different 170:178 arg1 masses 190:195 different molecular masses 170:195 different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) 170:217 (DS) of different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) have been fabricated and characterized. 25272744 6 35 with complexes 799:807 arg1 solutions 838:846 protamine and chitosane solutions 814:846 protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses 814:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 8 36 theme biopolyelectrolytes 1314:1332 arg1 creation 1289:1296 the creation 1285:1296 the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells 1285:1387 These data indicate that this approach is promising for the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells. 25272744 6 37 theme charged 785:791 arg1 complexes 799:807 negatively charged LF-DS complexes 774:807 negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses 774:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 6 38 theme molecular 863:871 arg1 masses 873:878 different molecular masses 853:878 different molecular masses 853:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 8 39 theme pH-sensitive 1301:1312 arg1 biopolyelectrolytes 1314:1332 pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes 1301:1332 pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells 1301:1387 These data indicate that this approach is promising for the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells. 25272744 5 40 theme conformational 632:645 arg1 changes 647:653 conformational changes 632:653 conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data 632:703 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 3 41 from complex 306:312 arg1 efficiency 277:286 The encapsulation efficiency 259:286 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 259:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 7 42 theme zeta-potential 912:925 arg1 products 942:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products 881:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products 881:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 5 43 theme twofold 521:527 arg1 decrease 529:536 a twofold decrease 519:536 a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF 519:570 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 1 44 theme dextran 145:151 arg1 sulfate 153:159 dextran sulfate 145:159 dextran sulfate 145:159 Suspensions of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes of dextran sulfate? 25272744 5 45 from changes 647:653 arg1 molecules 661:669 LF molecules 658:669 LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data 658:703 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 25272744 3 46 theme DS 298:299 arg1 efficiency 277:286 The encapsulation efficiency 259:286 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 259:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 47 from pH 317:318 arg1 DS 298:299 DS 298:299 DS 298:299 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 47 from pH 317:318 arg1 complex 306:312 a complex 304:312 a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 304:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 47 from pH 317:318 arg1 LF 291:292 LF 291:292 LF 291:292 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 1 48 theme sulfate 153:159 arg1 complexes 132:140 complexes 132:140 complexes of dextran sulfate 132:159 Suspensions of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes of dextran sulfate? 25272744 3 49 from DS 298:299 arg1 pH 317:318 pH 3.0 and 4.0 317:330 pH 317:318 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 49 from DS 298:299 arg1 4.0 328:330 4.0 328:330 4.0 328:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 3 49 from DS 298:299 arg1 complex 306:312 a complex 304:312 a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 304:330 The encapsulation efficiency of LF and DS in a complex at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was assessed, and particles were characterized by their sizes and zeta-potential. 25272744 6 50 theme different 853:861 arg1 masses 873:878 different molecular masses 853:878 different molecular masses 853:878 Microencapsulation was carried out by treating the suspensions with negatively charged LF-DS complexes with protamine and chitosane solutions with different molecular masses. 25272744 7 51 theme pH-sensitive 1030:1041 arg1 microparticles 1059:1072 pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles 1030:1072 pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans 1030:1226 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 2 52 with masses 190:195 arg1 lactoferrin 202:212 lactoferrin 202:212 lactoferrin (LF) 202:217 (DS) of different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) have been fabricated and characterized. 25272744 2 52 with masses 190:195 arg1 LF 215:216 LF 215:216 LF 215:216 (DS) of different molecular masses with lactoferrin (LF) have been fabricated and characterized. 25272744 8 53 theme oral 1347:1350 arg1 administration 1352:1365 oral administration 1347:1365 oral administration of LF to target cells 1347:1387 These data indicate that this approach is promising for the creation of pH-sensitive biopolyelectrolytes suitable for oral administration of LF to target cells. 25272744 7 54 theme size 898:901 arg1 products 942:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products 881:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products 881:949 The composition, size, and the zeta-potential of interaction products were assessed which allowed us to select the conditions for the preparation of pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte microparticles loaded with LF which would be able to gradually release glycoprotein under conditions that model the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of humans. 25272744 4 55 theme stability 466:474 arg1 level 476:480 a higher stability level 457:480 a higher stability level 457:480 The complexes formed at pH 3.0 differed by a higher stability level. 25272744 5 56 with interaction 487:497 arg1 DS 504:505 DS 504:505 DS 504:505 The interaction with DS resulted in a twofold decrease in the antioxidant activity of LF, although the formation of complexes was not accompanied by conformational changes in LF molecules according to IR-spectrometry data. 26300406 3 0 theme konjac 720:725 arg1 components 611:620 the following components 597:620 the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 597:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 0 theme konjac 720:725 arg1 gum 727:729 konjac gum 720:729 konjac gum 720:729 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 6 1 theme release 1292:1298 arg1 mechanism 1300:1308 the release mechanism 1288:1308 the release mechanism 1288:1308 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 2 2 theme xanthan 371:377 arg1 gum 390:392 xanthan and konjac gum 371:392 gum 390:392 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 5 3 theme sustained 1126:1134 arg1 way 1136:1138 a slow and sustained way 1115:1138 a slow and sustained way 1115:1138 This buried starch within the three-dimensional structure thereby releasing glucose in a slow and sustained way. 26300406 1 4 from rate 171:174 arg1 digestibility 133:145 the digestibility 129:145 the digestibility 129:145 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 4 5 theme composite 920:928 arg1 colloids 942:949 the composite hydrophilic colloids 916:949 the composite hydrophilic colloids 916:949 The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. 26300406 3 6 theme xanthan 712:718 arg1 ratio 703:707 a 1:1 mass ratio 692:707 a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 692:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 4 7 theme hydrophilic 930:940 arg1 colloids 942:949 the composite hydrophilic colloids 916:949 the composite hydrophilic colloids 916:949 The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. 26300406 6 8 theme glucose 1177:1183 arg1 release 1185:1191 glucose release 1177:1191 glucose release from noodles 1177:1204 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 1 9 theme BACKGROUND 68:77 arg1 carbohydrates 89:101 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates 68:101 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates 68:101 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 1 10 theme different 264:272 arg1 carbohydrates 274:286 different carbohydrates 264:286 different carbohydrates 264:286 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 1 11 theme Different 79:87 arg1 carbohydrates 89:101 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates 68:101 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates 68:101 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 7 12 from use 1366:1368 arg1 noodles 1424:1430 manufacturing noodles 1410:1430 manufacturing noodles 1410:1430 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 2 13 theme lowest 490:495 arg1 rate 515:518 the lowest average digestion rate 486:518 the lowest average digestion rate 486:518 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 4 14 theme gluten 992:997 arg1 network 999:1005 the gluten network 988:1005 the gluten network 988:1005 The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. 26300406 7 15 theme glucose 1451:1457 arg1 sustained-release 1459:1475 the glucose sustained-release 1447:1475 the glucose sustained-release 1447:1475 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 2 16 theme excellent 404:412 arg1 properties 448:457 excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties 404:457 excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties 404:457 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 3 17 dep components 611:620 arg1 components 611:620 the following components 597:620 the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 597:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 17 dep components 611:620 arg1 50 g 623:626 50 g 623:626 the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 597:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 17 dep components 611:620 arg1 100 g 735:739 100 g 735:739 100 g 735:739 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 17 dep components 611:620 arg1 gum 727:729 konjac gum 720:729 konjac gum 720:729 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 5 18 theme slow 1117:1120 arg1 way 1136:1138 a slow and sustained way 1115:1138 a slow and sustained way 1115:1138 This buried starch within the three-dimensional structure thereby releasing glucose in a slow and sustained way. 26300406 6 19 dep model 1159:1163 arg1 describe 1168:1175 describe 1168:1175 to describe glucose release from noodles 1165:1204 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 4 20 theme starch 1011:1016 arg1 granules 1018:1025 starch granules 1011:1025 starch granules 1011:1025 The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. 26300406 1 21 theme carbohydrates 274:286 arg1 combination 249:259 the combination 245:259 the combination of different carbohydrates 245:286 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 1 22 theme various 110:116 arg1 effects 118:124 various effects 110:124 various effects on the digestibility 110:145 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 7 23 theme hydrophilic 1373:1383 arg1 colloids 1385:1392 hydrophilic colloids 1373:1392 hydrophilic colloids 1373:1392 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 7 24 dep CONCLUSION 1311:1320 arg1 indicate 1337:1344 indicate 1337:1344 indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release 1337:1475 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 4 25 theme noodles 894:900 arg1 structure 881:889 The morphological structure 863:889 The morphological structure of noodles 863:900 The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. 26300406 6 26 theme Ritger-Peppas 1214:1226 arg1 equation 1228:1235 the Ritger-Peppas equation 1210:1235 the Ritger-Peppas equation 1210:1235 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 6 26 theme Ritger-Peppas 1214:1226 arg1 model 1159:1163 The most suitable model 1141:1163 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles 1141:1204 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 5 27 theme buried 1033:1038 arg1 starch 1040:1045 This buried starch 1028:1045 This buried starch within the three-dimensional structure 1028:1084 This buried starch within the three-dimensional structure thereby releasing glucose in a slow and sustained way. 26300406 7 28 theme starches 1398:1405 arg1 use 1366:1368 the controlled use 1351:1368 the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles 1351:1430 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 6 29 theme suitable 1150:1157 arg1 equation 1228:1235 the Ritger-Peppas equation 1210:1235 the Ritger-Peppas equation 1210:1235 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 6 29 theme suitable 1150:1157 arg1 model 1159:1163 The most suitable model 1141:1163 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles 1141:1204 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 3 30 theme reconstructed 744:756 arg1 flour 758:762 reconstructed flour 744:762 reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 744:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 5 31 theme three-dimensional 1058:1074 arg1 structure 1076:1084 the three-dimensional structure 1054:1084 the three-dimensional structure 1054:1084 This buried starch within the three-dimensional structure thereby releasing glucose in a slow and sustained way. 26300406 3 32 theme following 601:609 arg1 100 g 735:739 100 g 735:739 100 g 735:739 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 32 theme following 601:609 arg1 components 611:620 the following components 597:620 the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 597:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 32 theme following 601:609 arg1 gum 727:729 konjac gum 720:729 konjac gum 720:729 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 1 33 theme glucose 155:161 arg1 rate 171:174 the glucose release rate 151:174 the glucose release rate 151:174 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 0 34 theme sustained-release 32:48 arg1 buckwheat 50:58 a sustained-release buckwheat 30:58 a sustained-release buckwheat 30:58 Preparation and evaluation of a sustained-release buckwheat noodle. 26300406 3 35 theme flour 758:762 arg1 components 611:620 the following components 597:620 the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 597:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 35 theme flour 758:762 arg1 100 g 735:739 100 g 735:739 100 g 735:739 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 35 theme flour 758:762 arg1 gum 727:729 konjac gum 720:729 konjac gum 720:729 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 36 theme 25 g kg 631:637 arg1 solution 671:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution 631:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 631:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 2 37 theme sustained-release 430:446 arg1 properties 448:457 excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties 404:457 excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties 404:457 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 2 38 theme digestion 505:513 arg1 rate 515:518 the lowest average digestion rate 486:518 the lowest average digestion rate 486:518 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 1 39 theme sustained-release 303:319 arg1 mechanism 321:329 the sustained-release mechanism 299:329 the sustained-release mechanism 299:329 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 3 40 theme mixture 663:669 arg1 solution 671:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution 631:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 631:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 2 41 theme synergistic 418:428 arg1 properties 448:457 excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties 404:457 excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties 404:457 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 2 42 theme average 497:503 arg1 rate 515:518 the lowest average digestion rate 486:518 the lowest average digestion rate 486:518 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 3 43 theme solution 671:678 arg1 50 g 623:626 50 g 623:626 the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 597:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 7 44 theme colloids 1385:1392 arg1 use 1366:1368 the controlled use 1351:1368 the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles 1351:1430 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 3 45 theme sustained 525:533 arg1 release 535:541 The sustained release 521:541 The sustained release 521:541 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 45 theme sustained 525:533 arg1 evident 560:566 evident 560:566 evident 560:566 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 0 46 theme buckwheat 50:58 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of a sustained-release buckwheat noodle. 26300406 0 46 theme buckwheat 50:58 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of a sustained-release buckwheat noodle. 26300406 3 47 theme 200 g kg 778:785 arg1 flour 801:805 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour 778:805 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour 778:805 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 48 theme mass 698:701 arg1 ratio 703:707 a 1:1 mass ratio 692:707 a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 692:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 6 49 theme matrix 1258:1263 arg1 erosion 1265:1271 matrix erosion 1258:1271 matrix erosion 1258:1271 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 1 50 from effects 118:124 arg1 digestibility 133:145 the digestibility 129:145 the digestibility 129:145 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 3 51 theme 400 g kg 837:844 arg1 flour 856:860 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 837:860 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 837:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 52 theme hydrophilic 643:653 arg1 solution 671:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution 631:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 631:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 2 53 dep RESULTS 332:338 arg1 data 344:347 The data 340:347 RESULTS The data obtained 332:356 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 7 54 theme manufacturing 1410:1422 arg1 noodles 1424:1430 manufacturing noodles 1410:1430 manufacturing noodles 1410:1430 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 1 55 theme sustained-release 211:227 arg1 noodle 229:234 a sustained-release noodle 209:234 a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates 209:286 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 4 56 theme morphological 867:879 arg1 structure 881:889 The morphological structure 863:889 The morphological structure of noodles 863:900 The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. 26300406 3 57 theme colloid 655:661 arg1 solution 671:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution 631:678 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 631:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 8 58 theme Chemical 1496:1503 arg1 Industry 1505:1512 Chemical Industry 1496:1512 Chemical Industry 1496:1512 © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. 26300406 3 59 theme 400 g kg 808:815 arg1 cornstarch 821:830 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch 808:830 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch 808:830 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 3 60 theme 1:1 694:696 arg1 ratio 703:707 a 1:1 mass ratio 692:707 a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan 692:718 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 7 61 theme controlled 1355:1364 arg1 use 1366:1368 the controlled use 1351:1368 the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles 1351:1430 CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. 26300406 6 62 from noodles 1198:1204 arg1 release 1185:1191 glucose release 1177:1191 glucose release from noodles 1177:1204 The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. 26300406 2 63 theme konjac 383:388 arg1 gum 390:392 xanthan and konjac gum 371:392 gum 390:392 RESULTS The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. 26300406 3 64 theme buckwheat 791:799 arg1 flour 801:805 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour 778:805 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour 778:805 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 26300406 1 65 theme release 163:169 arg1 rate 171:174 the glucose release rate 151:174 the glucose release rate 151:174 BACKGROUND Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. 26300406 3 66 theme plain 850:854 arg1 flour 856:860 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 837:860 400 g kg(-1) plain flour 837:860 The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. 28266842 4 0 theme slower 955:960 arg1 rate 972:975 much slower clearance rate 950:975 much slower clearance rate 950:975 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 6 1 theme partner 1282:1288 arg1 nanocarriers 1290:1301 these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers 1266:1301 these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers 1266:1301 In addition, these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice. 28266842 3 2 theme small 698:702 arg1 nanoparticles 725:737 the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 694:737 the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) 694:761 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 3 theme DOX-loaded 704:713 arg1 nanoparticles 725:737 the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 694:737 the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) 694:761 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 4 from h 676:676 arg1 advance 681:687 advance 681:687 advance 681:687 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 6 5 theme HES-g-PLA 1272:1280 arg1 nanocarriers 1290:1301 these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers 1266:1301 these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers 1266:1301 In addition, these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice. 28266842 7 6 with combination 1506:1516 arg1 mode 1544:1547 their administration mode 1523:1547 their administration mode 1523:1547 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 5 7 theme enhanced 1198:1205 arg1 efficacy 1217:1224 remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy 1187:1224 remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy 1187:1224 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 4 8 theme prolonged 914:922 arg1 time 941:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 5 9 theme DOX-loaded 1106:1115 arg1 nanoparticles 1127:1139 the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1102:1139 the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner 1102:1175 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 7 10 theme nanoparticles 1447:1459 arg1 performance 1411:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance 1382:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1382:1459 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 3 11 dep 700 553:555 arg1 ca. 549:551 ca. 549:551 ca. 549:551 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 5 12 theme antitumor 1207:1215 arg1 efficacy 1217:1224 remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy 1187:1224 remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy 1187:1224 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 6 13 theme treated 1356:1362 arg1 mice 1364:1367 the treated mice 1352:1367 the treated mice 1352:1367 In addition, these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice. 28266842 2 14 used utilized 463:470 arg2 nanocarriers 483:494 partner nanocarriers 475:494 partner nanocarriers 475:494 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 2 14 used utilized 463:470 arg2 kinds 287:291 two kinds 283:291 two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties 283:351 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 3 15 dep nanoparticles 523:535 arg1 nm 557:558 ca. 700 nm 549:558 ca. 700 nm 549:558 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 15 dep nanoparticles 523:535 arg1 size 543:546 mean size 538:546 mean size 538:546 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 2 16 with nanoparticles 296:308 arg1 properties 342:351 properties 342:351 properties 342:351 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 2 16 with nanoparticles 296:308 arg1 compositions 325:336 desirable compositions 315:336 desirable compositions 315:336 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 3 17 from system 643:648 arg1 mice 667:670 tumor-bearing mice 653:670 tumor-bearing mice 653:670 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 18 theme HES-g-PLA 715:723 arg1 nanoparticles 725:737 the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 694:737 the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) 694:761 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 19 theme empty 507:511 arg1 nanoparticles 523:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 497:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm) 497:559 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 7 20 theme DOX-loaded 1426:1435 arg1 nanoparticles 1447:1459 DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1426:1459 DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1426:1459 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 1 21 theme side 186:189 arg1 effects 191:197 severe side effects 179:197 severe side effects 179:197 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 4 22 theme plasma 924:929 arg1 time 941:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 3 23 dep 130 755:757 arg1 ca. 751:753 ca. 751:753 ca. 751:753 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 2 24 theme side 269:272 arg1 effects 274:280 the side effects 265:280 the side effects 265:280 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 1 25 theme severe 179:184 arg1 effects 191:197 severe side effects 179:197 severe side effects 179:197 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 0 26 theme Doxorubicin 10:20 arg1 Delivery 22:29 Doxorubicin Delivery 10:29 Doxorubicin Delivery toward Tumor by Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 10:100 Enhancing Doxorubicin Delivery toward Tumor by Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers. 28266842 1 27 theme wide-spectrum 132:144 arg1 drug 163:166 wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug 132:166 wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug 132:166 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 6 28 theme negligible 1310:1319 arg1 damage 1321:1326 negligible damage 1310:1326 negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice 1310:1367 In addition, these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice. 28266842 2 29 theme hydroxyethyl 396:407 arg1 copolymers 448:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 2 30 theme partner 475:481 arg1 nanocarriers 483:494 partner nanocarriers 475:494 partner nanocarriers 475:494 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 2 30 theme partner 475:481 arg1 kinds 287:291 two kinds 283:291 two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties 283:351 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 3 31 theme mean 740:743 arg1 size 745:748 mean size 740:748 mean size 740:748 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 31 theme mean 740:743 arg1 nm 759:760 ca. 130 nm 751:760 ca. 130 nm 751:760 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 4 32 theme partner 813:819 arg1 nanocarriers 821:832 these partner nanocarriers 807:832 these partner nanocarriers 807:832 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 5 33 dep DOX 1248:1250 arg1 comparison 1229:1238 comparison 1229:1238 comparison 1229:1238 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 2 34 theme nanoparticles 296:308 arg1 nanocarriers 483:494 partner nanocarriers 475:494 partner nanocarriers 475:494 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 2 34 theme nanoparticles 296:308 arg1 kinds 287:291 two kinds 283:291 two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties 283:351 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 4 35 contain had 894:896 arg1 DOX 890:892 the released DOX 877:892 the released DOX 877:892 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 4 35 contain had 894:896 arg2 rate 972:975 much slower clearance rate 950:975 much slower clearance rate 950:975 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 4 35 contain had 894:896 arg2 time 941:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 4 35 contain had 894:896 arg2 accumulation 1020:1031 a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation 988:1031 a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation 988:1031 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 2 36 theme synthesized 384:394 arg1 copolymers 448:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 4 37 theme enhanced 998:1005 arg1 accumulation 1020:1031 a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation 988:1031 a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation 988:1031 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 3 38 theme mg/kg 590:594 arg1 dose 578:581 an optimized dose 565:581 an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg 565:594 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 7 39 theme efficient 1391:1399 arg1 performance 1411:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance 1382:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1382:1459 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 7 40 theme safe 1382:1385 arg1 performance 1411:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance 1382:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1382:1459 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 3 41 theme large 501:505 arg1 nanoparticles 523:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 497:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm) 497:559 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 4 42 theme intratumoral 1007:1018 arg1 accumulation 1020:1031 a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation 988:1031 a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation 988:1031 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 4 43 theme released 881:888 arg1 DOX 890:892 the released DOX 877:892 the released DOX 877:892 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 3 44 theme optimized 568:576 arg1 dose 578:581 an optimized dose 565:581 an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg 565:594 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 1 45 theme clinical 202:209 arg1 use 211:213 clinical use 202:213 clinical use 202:213 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 7 46 from nanocarriers 1490:1501 arg1 combination 1506:1516 combination 1506:1516 combination with their administration mode 1506:1547 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 6 47 theme normal 1335:1340 arg1 organs 1342:1347 the normal organs 1331:1347 the normal organs of the treated mice 1331:1367 In addition, these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice. 28266842 7 48 theme clinical 1577:1584 arg1 chemotherapy 1593:1604 clinical cancer chemotherapy 1577:1604 clinical cancer chemotherapy 1577:1604 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 2 49 theme antitumor 231:239 arg1 efficacy 241:248 its antitumor efficacy 227:248 its antitumor efficacy 227:248 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 4 50 theme clearance 962:970 arg1 rate 972:975 much slower clearance rate 950:975 much slower clearance rate 950:975 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 5 51 theme HES-g-PLA 1117:1125 arg1 nanoparticles 1127:1139 the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1102:1139 the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner 1102:1175 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 7 52 theme partner 1482:1488 arg1 nanocarriers 1490:1501 the newly developed partner nanocarriers 1462:1501 the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode 1462:1547 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 2 53 theme HES-g-PLA 437:445 arg1 copolymers 448:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 0 54 theme Starch-g-Polylactide 60:79 arg1 Nanocarriers 89:100 Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 47:100 Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 47:100 Enhancing Doxorubicin Delivery toward Tumor by Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers. 28266842 6 55 theme mice 1364:1367 arg1 organs 1342:1347 the normal organs 1331:1347 the normal organs of the treated mice 1331:1367 In addition, these HES-g-PLA partner nanocarriers showed negligible damage to the normal organs of the treated mice. 28266842 5 56 theme In 1058:1059 arg1 studies 1076:1082 In vivo antitumor studies 1058:1082 In vivo antitumor studies 1058:1082 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 3 57 theme reticuloendothelial 623:641 arg1 system 643:648 the reticuloendothelial system 619:648 the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 619:670 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 5 58 theme antitumor 1066:1074 arg1 studies 1076:1082 In vivo antitumor studies 1058:1082 In vivo antitumor studies 1058:1082 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 7 59 theme cancer 1586:1591 arg1 chemotherapy 1593:1604 clinical cancer chemotherapy 1577:1604 clinical cancer chemotherapy 1577:1604 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 0 60 theme Hydroxyethyl 47:58 arg1 Nanocarriers 89:100 Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 47:100 Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 47:100 Enhancing Doxorubicin Delivery toward Tumor by Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers. 28266842 5 61 dep In 1058:1059 arg1 vivo 1061:1064 vivo 1061:1064 vivo 1061:1064 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 4 62 theme sequential 860:869 arg1 mode 871:874 this sequential mode 855:874 this sequential mode 855:874 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 1 63 theme drug 163:166 arg1 Doxorubicin 103:113 Doxorubicin 103:113 Doxorubicin (DOX) 103:119 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 1 63 theme drug 163:166 arg1 kind 124:127 a kind 122:127 a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug 122:166 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 3 64 theme mean 538:541 arg1 nm 557:558 ca. 700 nm 549:558 ca. 700 nm 549:558 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 64 theme mean 538:541 arg1 size 543:546 mean size 538:546 mean size 538:546 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 4 65 theme half-life 931:939 arg1 time 941:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time 898:944 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 7 66 contain have 1549:1552 arg2 potential 1564:1572 promising potential 1554:1572 promising potential 1554:1572 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 7 66 contain have 1549:1552 arg1 nanocarriers 1490:1501 the newly developed partner nanocarriers 1462:1501 the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode 1462:1547 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 3 67 theme HES-g-PLA 513:521 arg1 nanoparticles 523:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 497:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm) 497:559 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 4 68 theme free 1048:1051 arg1 DOX 1053:1055 free DOX 1048:1055 free DOX 1048:1055 When these partner nanocarriers were administered in this sequential mode, the released DOX had a significantly prolonged plasma half-life time and much slower clearance rate as well as a largely enhanced intratumoral accumulation as compared to free DOX. 28266842 7 69 theme antitumor 1401:1409 arg1 performance 1411:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance 1382:1421 safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1382:1459 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 7 70 theme HES-g-PLA 1437:1445 arg1 nanoparticles 1447:1459 DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1426:1459 DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 1426:1459 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 3 71 theme tumor-bearing 653:665 arg1 mice 667:670 tumor-bearing mice 653:670 tumor-bearing mice 653:670 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 2 72 theme desirable 315:323 arg1 compositions 325:336 desirable compositions 315:336 desirable compositions 315:336 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 3 73 from dose 578:581 arg1 nanoparticles 523:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 497:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm) 497:559 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 7 74 theme developed 1472:1480 arg1 nanocarriers 1490:1501 the newly developed partner nanocarriers 1462:1501 the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode 1462:1547 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 7 75 theme administration 1529:1542 arg1 mode 1544:1547 their administration mode 1523:1547 their administration mode 1523:1547 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 5 76 dep nanoparticles 1127:1139 arg1 working 1141:1147 working 1141:1147 working 1141:1147 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 28266842 1 77 theme chemotherapeutic 146:161 arg1 drug 163:166 wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug 132:166 wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug 132:166 Doxorubicin (DOX), a kind of wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, can cause severe side effects in clinical use. 28266842 2 78 theme starch-grafted-polylactide 409:434 arg1 copolymers 448:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers 374:457 To enhance its antitumor efficacy while reducing the side effects, two kinds of nanoparticles with desirable compositions and properties were assembled using optimally synthesized hydroxyethyl starch-grafted-polylactide (HES-g-PLA) copolymers and utilized as partner nanocarriers. 28266842 0 79 theme Partner 81:87 arg1 Nanocarriers 89:100 Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 47:100 Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers 47:100 Enhancing Doxorubicin Delivery toward Tumor by Hydroxyethyl Starch-g-Polylactide Partner Nanocarriers. 28266842 3 80 dep nanoparticles 725:737 arg1 size 745:748 mean size 740:748 mean size 740:748 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 80 dep nanoparticles 725:737 arg1 nm 759:760 ca. 130 nm 751:760 ca. 130 nm 751:760 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 7 81 theme promising 1554:1562 arg1 potential 1564:1572 promising potential 1554:1572 promising potential 1554:1572 Considering safe and efficient antitumor performance of DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles, the newly developed partner nanocarriers in combination with their administration mode have promising potential in clinical cancer chemotherapy. 28266842 3 82 used used 602:605 arg2 dose 578:581 an optimized dose 565:581 an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg 565:594 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 3 82 used used 602:605 arg2 nanoparticles 523:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles 497:535 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm) 497:559 The large empty HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 700 nm), at an optimized dose of 400 mg/kg, were used to block up the reticuloendothelial system in tumor-bearing mice 1.5 h in advance, and the small DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles (mean size, ca. 130 nm) were subsequently applied to the mice. 28266842 5 83 theme free 1243:1246 arg1 DOX 1248:1250 free DOX 1243:1250 free DOX 1243:1250 In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the DOX-loaded HES-g-PLA nanoparticles working together with their partner exhibited remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy in comparison to free DOX. 27987825 0 0 theme tissue 90:95 arg1 engineering 97:107 blood vessel tissue engineering 77:107 blood vessel tissue engineering 77:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 1 1 theme tubular 191:197 arg1 architecture 199:210 bi-layered tubular architecture 180:210 bi-layered tubular architecture 180:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 0 2 theme vessel 83:88 arg1 engineering 97:107 blood vessel tissue engineering 77:107 blood vessel tissue engineering 77:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 5 3 theme Cellular 723:730 arg1 attachment 732:741 Cellular attachment 723:741 Cellular attachment 723:741 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 2 4 theme cellular 407:414 arg1 adhesion 416:423 cellular adhesion 407:423 cellular adhesion 407:423 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 4 5 theme fluid 639:643 arg1 uptake 645:650 fluid uptake 639:650 fluid uptake 639:650 The fluid uptake and biodegradation in the presence of lysozymes was also investigated. 27987825 4 6 from biodegradation 656:669 arg1 presence 678:685 the presence 674:685 the presence of lysozymes 674:698 The fluid uptake and biodegradation in the presence of lysozymes was also investigated. 27987825 3 7 theme rheology 604:611 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 2 8 with matrix 378:383 arg1 adhesion 416:423 cellular adhesion 407:423 cellular adhesion 407:423 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 2 8 with matrix 378:383 arg1 proliferation 429:441 proliferation 429:441 proliferation 429:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 5 9 theme dermal 786:791 arg1 HDF-a 806:810 HDF-a 806:810 HDF-a 806:810 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 5 9 theme dermal 786:791 arg1 fibroblasts 793:803 human dermal fibroblasts 780:803 human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy 780:893 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 2 10 theme outer 349:353 arg1 layer 355:359 a non-porous outer layer 336:359 a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation 336:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 4 11 from uptake 645:650 arg1 presence 678:685 the presence 674:685 the presence of lysozymes 674:698 The fluid uptake and biodegradation in the presence of lysozymes was also investigated. 27987825 3 12 theme FTIR 573:576 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 7 13 theme tubular 1199:1205 arg1 scaffold 1170:1177 scaffold 1170:1177 scaffold 1170:1177 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 7 13 theme tubular 1199:1205 arg1 archetype 1207:1215 an excellent tubular archetype 1186:1215 an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering 1186:1251 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 2 14 theme non-porous 338:347 arg1 layer 355:359 a non-porous outer layer 336:359 a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation 336:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 7 15 theme vessel 1227:1232 arg1 engineering 1241:1251 blood vessel tissue engineering 1221:1251 blood vessel tissue engineering 1221:1251 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 6 16 theme desirable 941:949 arg1 elongation 981:990 elongation 981:990 elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm 981:1055 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 16 theme desirable 941:949 arg1 strength=95.81±11kPa 959:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 16 theme desirable 941:949 arg1 % 1060:1060 50% 1058:1060 50% in vitro biodegradation 1058:1084 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 1 17 with scaffold 166:173 arg1 architecture 199:210 bi-layered tubular architecture 180:210 bi-layered tubular architecture 180:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 7 18 theme tissue 1234:1239 arg1 engineering 1241:1251 blood vessel tissue engineering 1221:1251 blood vessel tissue engineering 1221:1251 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 3 19 theme physicomechanical 511:527 arg1 properties 547:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties 475:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 475:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 0 20 theme composite 2:10 arg1 bi-layered 29:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 0 20 theme composite 2:10 arg1 scaffold 64:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold 41:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering 41:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 6 21 dep % 1060:1060 arg1 biodegradation 1071:1084 in vitro biodegradation 1062:1084 50% in vitro biodegradation 1058:1084 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 5 22 dep fibroblasts 793:803 arg1 seeded 813:818 seeded 813:818 seeded onto the scaffold 813:836 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 5 22 dep fibroblasts 793:803 arg1 evaluated 842:850 evaluated 842:850 evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy 842:893 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 6 23 theme tensile 951:957 arg1 elongation 981:990 elongation 981:990 elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm 981:1055 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 23 theme tensile 951:957 arg1 strength=95.81±11kPa 959:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 23 theme tensile 951:957 arg1 % 1060:1060 50% 1058:1060 50% in vitro biodegradation 1058:1084 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 2 24 theme 3D 375:376 arg1 matrix 378:383 the 3D matrix 371:383 the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation 371:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 1 25 theme solvent 230:236 arg1 leaching 261:268 solvent casting-co-particulate leaching 230:268 solvent casting-co-particulate leaching 230:268 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 7 26 theme excellent 1189:1197 arg1 scaffold 1170:1177 scaffold 1170:1177 scaffold 1170:1177 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 7 26 theme excellent 1189:1197 arg1 archetype 1207:1215 an excellent tubular archetype 1186:1215 an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering 1186:1251 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 5 27 theme human 780:784 arg1 HDF-a 806:810 HDF-a 806:810 HDF-a 806:810 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 5 27 theme human 780:784 arg1 fibroblasts 793:803 human dermal fibroblasts 780:803 human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy 780:893 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 3 28 theme texture 617:623 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 1 29 theme casting-co-particulate 238:259 arg1 leaching 261:268 solvent casting-co-particulate leaching 230:268 solvent casting-co-particulate leaching 230:268 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 0 30 theme chitosan-gelatin 12:27 arg1 bi-layered 29:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 0 30 theme chitosan-gelatin 12:27 arg1 scaffold 64:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold 41:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering 41:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 3 31 theme porositometry 589:601 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 1 32 theme composite 112:120 arg1 scaffold 166:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold 110:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture 110:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 4 33 theme lysozymes 690:698 arg1 presence 678:685 the presence 674:685 the presence of lysozymes 674:698 The fluid uptake and biodegradation in the presence of lysozymes was also investigated. 27987825 0 34 theme biomimetic 41:50 arg1 bi-layered 29:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 0 34 theme biomimetic 41:50 arg1 scaffold 64:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold 41:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering 41:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 2 35 theme vessels 394:400 arg1 matrix 378:383 the 3D matrix 371:383 the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation 371:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 6 36 from pores 1029:1033 arg1 elongation 981:990 elongation 981:990 elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm 981:1055 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 36 from pores 1029:1033 arg1 strength=95.81±11kPa 959:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 2 37 theme inner 299:303 arg1 layer 317:321 an inner macroporous layer 296:321 an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation 296:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 3 38 theme physicochemical 494:508 arg1 properties 547:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties 475:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 475:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 3 39 theme morphological 479:491 arg1 properties 547:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties 475:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 475:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 6 40 theme porosity 1012:1019 arg1 % 1023:1023 porosity 82% 1012:1023 porosity 82% 1012:1023 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 5 41 theme MTT 855:857 arg1 assay 859:863 MTT assay 855:863 MTT assay 855:863 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 3 42 theme biodurability 533:545 arg1 properties 547:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties 475:556 its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 475:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 3 43 theme DSC 579:581 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 6 44 from % 1009:1009 arg1 elongation 981:990 elongation 981:990 elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm 981:1055 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 44 from % 1009:1009 arg1 strength=95.81±11kPa 959:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 45 dep in 1062:1063 arg1 vitro 1065:1069 vitro 1065:1069 vitro 1065:1069 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 1 46 theme chitosan-gelatin 122:137 arg1 scaffold 166:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold 110:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture 110:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 0 47 theme macroporous 52:62 arg1 bi-layered 29:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered 0:38 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 0 47 theme macroporous 52:62 arg1 scaffold 64:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold 41:71 biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering 41:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 3 48 theme SEM 568:570 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 1 49 theme macroporous 139:149 arg1 scaffold 166:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold 110:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture 110:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 1 50 theme hydrogel-based 151:164 arg1 scaffold 166:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold 110:173 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture 110:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 27987825 6 51 theme in 1062:1063 arg1 biodegradation 1071:1084 in vitro biodegradation 1062:1084 50% in vitro biodegradation 1058:1084 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 5 52 theme confocal 875:882 arg1 microscopy 884:893 confocal microscopy 875:893 confocal microscopy 875:893 Cellular attachment and proliferation was analysed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a) seeded onto the scaffold and evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy. 27987825 6 53 contain had 935:937 arg2 strength=95.81±11kPa 959:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 53 contain had 935:937 arg2 elongation 981:990 elongation 981:990 elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm 981:1055 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 53 contain had 935:937 arg2 % 1060:1060 50% 1058:1060 50% in vitro biodegradation 1058:1084 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 53 contain had 935:937 arg1 scaffold 926:933 the scaffold 922:933 the scaffold 922:933 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 2 54 theme blood 388:392 arg1 vessels 394:400 blood vessels 388:400 blood vessels 388:400 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 0 55 theme blood 77:81 arg1 engineering 97:107 blood vessel tissue engineering 77:107 blood vessel tissue engineering 77:107 A composite chitosan-gelatin bi-layered, biomimetic macroporous scaffold for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 3 56 theme XRD 584:586 arg1 analysis 625:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis 568:632 The scaffold was evaluated for its morphological, physicochemical, physicomechanical and biodurability properties employing SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, porositometry, rheology and texture analysis. 27987825 6 57 from % 1023:1023 arg1 elongation 981:990 elongation 981:990 elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm 981:1055 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 6 57 from % 1023:1023 arg1 strength=95.81±11kPa 959:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa 939:978 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 7 58 theme blood 1221:1225 arg1 engineering 1241:1251 blood vessel tissue engineering 1221:1251 blood vessel tissue engineering 1221:1251 These results demonstrate that scaffold may be an excellent tubular archetype for blood vessel tissue engineering. 27987825 6 59 theme break 995:999 arg1 % 1009:1009 break 112.5±13% 995:1009 break 112.5±13% 995:1009 Results demonstrated that the scaffold had a desirable tensile strength=95.81±11kPa, elongation at break 112.5±13%, porosity 82% and pores between 100 and 230μm, 50% in vitro biodegradation at day 16 and proliferated fibroblasts over 20 days. 27987825 2 60 theme macroporous 305:315 arg1 layer 317:321 an inner macroporous layer 296:321 an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation 296:441 The scaffold constituted an inner macroporous layer concealed by a non-porous outer layer mimicking the 3D matrix of blood vessels with cellular adhesion and proliferation. 27987825 1 61 theme bi-layered 180:189 arg1 architecture 199:210 bi-layered tubular architecture 180:210 bi-layered tubular architecture 180:210 A composite chitosan-gelatin macroporous hydrogel-based scaffold with bi-layered tubular architecture was engineered by solvent casting-co-particulate leaching. 24447999 9 0 from lack 1574:1577 arg1 fibroblasts 1626:1636 the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1613:1636 the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1613:1636 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 4 1 theme wild-type 792:800 arg1 skin 808:811 wild-type mouse skin 792:811 wild-type mouse skin 792:811 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 11 2 theme Fgf7 1784:1787 arg1 binding 1773:1779 the binding 1769:1779 the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes 1769:1804 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 3 3 theme factor 639:644 arg1 binding 646:652 growth factor binding 632:652 growth factor binding 632:652 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 3 4 theme Ehlers-Danlos 468:480 arg1 patients 482:489 Ehlers-Danlos patients 468:489 Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS 468:550 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 5 5 theme 2-O 1059:1061 arg1 sulfotransferase 1063:1078 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase 1052:1078 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) 1052:1084 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 5 theme 2-O 1059:1061 arg1 Ust 1081:1083 Ust 1081:1083 Ust 1081:1083 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 14 6 theme keratinocytes 2186:2198 arg1 co-cultures 2155:2165 3D co-cultures 2152:2165 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 2152:2198 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that, unlike Dcn(-/-) CS/DS, wild-type CS/DS promoted differentiation of keratinocytes. 24447999 4 7 theme skin 808:811 arg1 content 768:774 the glycosaminoglycan content 746:774 the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin 746:811 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 16 8 theme altered 2504:2510 arg1 composition 2518:2528 an altered CS/DS composition 2501:2528 an altered CS/DS composition 2501:2528 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 2 9 theme targeted 270:277 arg1 disruption 279:288 targeted disruption 270:288 targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) 270:319 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 14 10 theme fibroblasts 2170:2180 arg1 co-cultures 2155:2165 3D co-cultures 2152:2165 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 2152:2198 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that, unlike Dcn(-/-) CS/DS, wild-type CS/DS promoted differentiation of keratinocytes. 24447999 15 11 theme mechanistic 2335:2345 arg1 explanations 2347:2358 novel mechanistic explanations 2329:2358 novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients 2329:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 7 12 theme binding 1273:1279 arg1 CS/DS 1340:1344 -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1270:1344 -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1270:1344 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 11 13 theme dependent 1825:1833 arg1 manner 1835:1840 a concentration dependent manner 1809:1840 a concentration dependent manner 1809:1840 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 2 14 theme decorin 297:303 arg1 gene 305:308 the decorin gene 293:308 the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) 293:319 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 13 15 theme Higher 2059:2064 arg1 concentration 2066:2078 Higher concentration 2059:2078 Higher concentration of Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 2059:2096 Higher concentration of Dcn(-/-) CS/DS induced proliferation in contrast to wild-type CS/DS. 24447999 7 16 theme fibroblast 1233:1242 arg1 factor 1251:1256 altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 1225:1264 altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 1225:1264 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 7 16 theme fibroblast 1233:1242 arg1 Fgf 1259:1261 Fgf 1259:1261 Fgf 1259:1261 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 10 17 theme total 1665:1669 arg1 CS/DS 1671:1675 total CS/DS 1665:1675 total CS/DS 1665:1675 Moreover, Ffg7 binding to total CS/DS was attenuated in the Dcn(-/-) samples. 24447999 7 18 from changes 1288:1294 arg1 micro-heterogeneity 1303:1321 the micro-heterogeneity 1299:1321 the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn 1299:1333 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 15 19 from defects 2377:2383 arg1 healing 2394:2400 wound healing 2388:2400 wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients 2388:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 10 20 theme Dcn 1699:1701 arg1 samples 1708:1714 the Dcn(-/-) samples 1695:1714 the Dcn(-/-) samples 1695:1714 Moreover, Ffg7 binding to total CS/DS was attenuated in the Dcn(-/-) samples. 24447999 5 21 theme bisulfated 969:978 arg1 units 1012:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 21 theme bisulfated 969:978 arg1 ΔDiS2 980:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 3 22 theme similar 562:568 arg1 phenotype 570:578 a similar phenotype 560:578 a similar phenotype 560:578 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 9 23 theme wild-type 1477:1485 arg1 fibroblasts 1500:1510 wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1477:1510 wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1477:1510 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 5 24 theme chondroitin/dermatan 834:853 arg1 CS/DS 864:868 CS/DS 864:868 CS/DS 864:868 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 24 theme chondroitin/dermatan 834:853 arg1 sulfate 855:861 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 834:861 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) 834:869 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 9 25 theme Dcn 1491:1493 arg1 fibroblasts 1500:1510 wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1477:1510 wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1477:1510 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 16 26 theme decorin-derived 2478:2492 arg1 DS 2494:2495 decorin-derived DS 2478:2495 decorin-derived DS 2478:2495 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 2 27 dep gene 305:308 arg1 -/- 315:317 -/- 315:317 -/- 315:317 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 2 27 dep gene 305:308 arg1 Dcn 311:313 Dcn 311:313 Dcn(-/-) 311:318 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 6 28 theme Dcn 1137:1139 arg1 CS/DS 1146:1150 Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1137:1150 Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1137:1150 With increasing age, sulfation declined; however, Dcn(-/-) CS/DS was constantly undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type. 24447999 3 29 theme recent 585:590 arg1 studies 592:598 recent studies 585:598 recent studies 585:598 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 2 30 with mice 260:263 arg1 disruption 279:288 targeted disruption 270:288 targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) 270:319 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 10 31 theme -/- 1703:1705 arg1 samples 1708:1714 the Dcn(-/-) samples 1695:1714 the Dcn(-/-) samples 1695:1714 Moreover, Ffg7 binding to total CS/DS was attenuated in the Dcn(-/-) samples. 24447999 1 32 theme glycosaminoglycan 167:183 arg1 chain 185:189 a single glycosaminoglycan chain 158:189 a single glycosaminoglycan chain 158:189 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 14 33 theme keratinocytes 2280:2292 arg1 differentiation 2261:2275 differentiation 2261:2275 differentiation of keratinocytes 2261:2292 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that, unlike Dcn(-/-) CS/DS, wild-type CS/DS promoted differentiation of keratinocytes. 24447999 9 34 theme fibroblasts 1500:1510 arg1 extracts 1465:1472 the CS/DS extracts 1455:1472 the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1455:1510 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 9 34 theme fibroblasts 1500:1510 arg1 similar 1517:1523 similar 1517:1523 similar 1517:1523 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 15 35 from healing 2394:2400 arg1 mice 2414:2417 Dcn(-/-) mice 2405:2417 Dcn(-/-) mice 2405:2417 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 15 35 from healing 2394:2400 arg1 patients 2446:2453 Ehlers-Danlos patients 2432:2453 Ehlers-Danlos patients 2432:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 12 36 theme higher 1980:1985 arg1 concentrations 1987:2000 higher concentrations 1980:2000 higher concentrations 1980:2000 Although binding to cell-surfaces was quite similar at higher concentrations, keratinocyte proliferation was differentially affected. 24447999 4 37 theme DS-decorin 708:717 arg1 loss 700:703 the loss 696:703 the loss of DS-decorin 696:717 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 15 38 theme wound 2388:2392 arg1 healing 2394:2400 wound healing 2388:2400 wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients 2388:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 6 39 theme vis-à-vis 1181:1189 arg1 wild-type 1191:1199 undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type 1167:1199 undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type 1167:1199 With increasing age, sulfation declined; however, Dcn(-/-) CS/DS was constantly undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type. 24447999 12 40 from concentrations 1987:2000 arg1 similar 1969:1975 similar 1969:1975 similar 1969:1975 Although binding to cell-surfaces was quite similar at higher concentrations, keratinocyte proliferation was differentially affected. 24447999 2 41 theme collagen 341:348 arg1 architecture 350:361 an abnormal collagen architecture 329:361 an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis 329:375 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 7 42 gly micro-heterogeneity 1303:1321 arg1 Dcn 1331:1333 skin Dcn 1326:1333 skin Dcn 1326:1333 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 11 43 theme Dcn 1853:1855 arg1 -/- 1857:1859 -/- 1857:1859 -/- 1857:1859 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 11 43 theme Dcn 1853:1855 arg1 CS/DS 1862:1866 the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1849:1866 the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations 1849:1922 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 4 44 theme loss 700:703 arg1 impact 686:691 the impact 682:691 the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis 682:731 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 2 45 theme reduced 381:387 arg1 strength 397:404 reduced tensile strength 381:404 reduced tensile strength 381:404 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 15 46 theme Ehlers-Danlos 2432:2444 arg1 patients 2446:2453 Ehlers-Danlos patients 2432:2453 Ehlers-Danlos patients 2432:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 14 47 theme wild-type 2236:2244 arg1 CS/DS 2246:2250 wild-type CS/DS 2236:2250 wild-type CS/DS 2236:2250 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that, unlike Dcn(-/-) CS/DS, wild-type CS/DS promoted differentiation of keratinocytes. 24447999 1 48 theme small 116:120 arg1 proteoglycan 135:146 a small leucine-rich proteoglycan 114:146 a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS) 114:250 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 1 48 theme small 116:120 arg1 Decorin 103:109 Decorin 103:109 Decorin 103:109 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 2 49 theme skin 433:436 arg1 phenotype 448:456 a skin fragility phenotype 431:456 a skin fragility phenotype 431:456 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 4 50 theme glycosaminoglycan 750:766 arg1 content 768:774 the glycosaminoglycan content 746:774 the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin 746:811 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 0 51 theme skin 35:38 arg1 levels 69:74 skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels 35:74 skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels 35:74 A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function. 24447999 0 52 theme sulfate 61:67 arg1 levels 69:74 skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels 35:74 skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels 35:74 A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function. 24447999 7 53 dep due 1281:1283 arg1 -/- 1335:1337 -/- 1335:1337 -/- 1335:1337 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 7 54 theme Dcn 1331:1333 arg1 micro-heterogeneity 1303:1321 the micro-heterogeneity 1299:1321 the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn 1299:1333 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 8 55 theme decorin 1379:1385 arg1 role 1371:1374 the role 1367:1374 the role of decorin 1367:1385 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 3 56 theme growth 632:637 arg1 binding 646:652 growth factor binding 632:652 growth factor binding 632:652 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 8 57 theme fibroblast 1410:1419 arg1 model 1434:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 9 58 theme 2-O 1589:1591 arg1 sulfotransferase 1593:1608 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase 1582:1608 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase 1582:1608 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 8 59 theme culture 1426:1432 arg1 model 1434:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 5 60 theme uronyl 1052:1057 arg1 sulfotransferase 1063:1078 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase 1052:1078 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) 1052:1084 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 60 theme uronyl 1052:1057 arg1 Ust 1081:1083 Ust 1081:1083 Ust 1081:1083 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 9 61 theme Dcn 1617:1619 arg1 fibroblasts 1626:1636 the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1613:1636 the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1613:1636 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 8 62 theme Dcn 1401:1403 arg1 model 1434:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 8 63 used used 1391:1394 arg2 we 1388:1389 we 1388:1389 we 1388:1389 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 3 64 with patients 482:489 arg1 mutations 496:504 mutations 496:504 mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS 496:550 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 5 65 theme sulfotransferase 1063:1078 arg1 expression 1038:1047 the reduced expression 1026:1047 the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) 1026:1084 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 7 66 theme due 1281:1283 arg1 CS/DS 1340:1344 -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1270:1344 -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 1270:1344 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 4 67 theme mouse 802:806 arg1 skin 808:811 wild-type mouse skin 792:811 wild-type mouse skin 792:811 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 9 68 theme -/- 1621:1623 arg1 fibroblasts 1626:1636 the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1613:1636 the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1613:1636 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 8 69 theme -/- 1405:1407 arg1 model 1434:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 10 70 theme Ffg7 1649:1652 arg1 binding 1654:1660 Ffg7 binding 1649:1660 Ffg7 binding to total CS/DS 1649:1675 Moreover, Ffg7 binding to total CS/DS was attenuated in the Dcn(-/-) samples. 24447999 4 71 theme Dcn 779:781 arg1 content 768:774 the glycosaminoglycan content 746:774 the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin 746:811 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 16 72 theme CS/DS 2512:2516 arg1 composition 2518:2528 an altered CS/DS composition 2501:2528 an altered CS/DS composition 2501:2528 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 5 73 theme due 1019:1021 arg1 units 1012:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 73 theme due 1019:1021 arg1 ΔDiS2 980:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 2 74 theme gene 305:308 arg1 disruption 279:288 targeted disruption 270:288 targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) 270:319 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 6 75 theme undersulfated 1167:1179 arg1 wild-type 1191:1199 undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type 1167:1199 undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type 1167:1199 With increasing age, sulfation declined; however, Dcn(-/-) CS/DS was constantly undersulfated vis-à-vis wild-type. 24447999 15 76 theme novel 2329:2333 arg1 explanations 2347:2358 novel mechanistic explanations 2329:2358 novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients 2329:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 11 77 theme wild-type 1731:1739 arg1 CS/DS 1741:1745 wild-type CS/DS 1731:1745 wild-type CS/DS 1731:1745 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 9 78 theme CS/DS 1459:1463 arg1 extracts 1465:1472 the CS/DS extracts 1455:1472 the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1455:1510 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 9 78 theme CS/DS 1459:1463 arg1 similar 1517:1523 similar 1517:1523 similar 1517:1523 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 7 79 theme growth 1244:1249 arg1 factor 1251:1256 altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 1225:1264 altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 1225:1264 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 7 79 theme growth 1244:1249 arg1 Fgf 1259:1261 Fgf 1259:1261 Fgf 1259:1261 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 7 80 theme altered 1225:1231 arg1 factor 1251:1256 altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 1225:1264 altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 1225:1264 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 7 80 theme altered 1225:1231 arg1 Fgf 1259:1261 Fgf 1259:1261 Fgf 1259:1261 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 5 81 dep X 986:986 arg1 6 996:996 6 996:996 6 996:996 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 81 dep X 986:986 arg1 X=4 989:991 X=4 989:991 X=4 989:991 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 3 82 theme DS 549:550 arg1 biosynthesis 533:544 the biosynthesis 529:544 the biosynthesis of DS 529:550 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 1 83 theme leucine-rich 122:133 arg1 proteoglycan 135:146 a small leucine-rich proteoglycan 114:146 a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS) 114:250 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 1 83 theme leucine-rich 122:133 arg1 Decorin 103:109 Decorin 103:109 Decorin 103:109 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 12 84 theme keratinocyte 2003:2014 arg1 proliferation 2016:2028 keratinocyte proliferation 2003:2028 keratinocyte proliferation 2003:2028 Although binding to cell-surfaces was quite similar at higher concentrations, keratinocyte proliferation was differentially affected. 24447999 2 85 theme Mutant 253:258 arg1 mice 260:263 Mutant mice 253:263 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) 253:319 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 5 86 theme sulfate 855:861 arg1 CS/DS 864:868 CS/DS 864:868 CS/DS 864:868 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 86 theme sulfate 855:861 arg1 amount 824:829 The total amount 814:829 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) 814:869 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 86 theme sulfate 855:861 arg1 sulfate 855:861 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 834:861 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) 834:869 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 86 theme sulfate 855:861 arg1 sulfated 928:935 sulfated 928:935 sulfated 928:935 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 15 87 theme reported 2368:2375 arg1 defects 2377:2383 the reported defects 2364:2383 the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients 2364:2453 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 0 88 theme keratinocyte 80:91 arg1 function 93:100 keratinocyte function 80:100 keratinocyte function 80:100 A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function. 24447999 5 89 theme significant 944:954 arg1 reduction 956:964 a significant reduction 942:964 a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) 942:1084 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 1 90 theme single 160:165 arg1 chain 185:189 a single glycosaminoglycan chain 158:189 a single glycosaminoglycan chain 158:189 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 11 91 theme higher 1902:1907 arg1 concentrations 1909:1922 higher concentrations 1902:1922 higher concentrations 1902:1922 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 2 92 from strength 397:404 arg1 dermis 370:375 the dermis 366:375 the dermis 366:375 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 16 93 theme DS 2494:2495 arg1 composition 2518:2528 an altered CS/DS composition 2501:2528 an altered CS/DS composition 2501:2528 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 16 93 theme DS 2494:2495 arg1 lack 2470:2473 the lack 2466:2473 the lack of decorin-derived DS 2466:2495 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 3 94 from mutations 496:504 arg1 enzymes 509:515 enzymes 509:515 enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS 509:550 Notably, Ehlers-Danlos patients with mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DS display a similar phenotype, and recent studies indicate that DS is involved in growth factor binding and signaling. 24447999 5 95 theme total 818:822 arg1 CS/DS 864:868 CS/DS 864:868 CS/DS 864:868 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 95 theme total 818:822 arg1 amount 824:829 The total amount 814:829 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) 814:869 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 95 theme total 818:822 arg1 sulfate 855:861 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 834:861 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) 834:869 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 95 theme total 818:822 arg1 sulfated 928:935 sulfated 928:935 sulfated 928:935 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 2 96 theme fragility 438:446 arg1 phenotype 448:456 a skin fragility phenotype 431:456 a skin fragility phenotype 431:456 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 5 97 theme disaccharide 999:1010 arg1 units 1012:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 97 theme disaccharide 999:1010 arg1 ΔDiS2 980:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 13 98 theme wild-type 2135:2143 arg1 CS/DS 2145:2149 wild-type CS/DS 2135:2149 wild-type CS/DS 2135:2149 Higher concentration of Dcn(-/-) CS/DS induced proliferation in contrast to wild-type CS/DS. 24447999 16 99 theme keratinocyte 2555:2566 arg1 behavior 2568:2575 keratinocyte behavior 2555:2575 keratinocyte behavior 2555:2575 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 16 100 link decorin-derived 2478:2492 arg1 DS 2494:2495 decorin-derived DS 2478:2495 decorin-derived DS 2478:2495 Moreover, the lack of decorin-derived DS and an altered CS/DS composition differentially influence keratinocyte behavior. 24447999 5 101 from reduction 956:964 arg1 units 1012:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 101 from reduction 956:964 arg1 ΔDiS2 980:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 102 theme X 986:986 arg1 units 1012:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units 986:1016 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 102 theme X 986:986 arg1 ΔDiS2 980:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 bisulfated ΔDiS2 969:984 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 5 103 theme Dcn 892:894 arg1 skin 901:904 the Dcn(-/-) skin 888:904 the Dcn(-/-) skin 888:904 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 9 104 theme skin 1532:1535 arg1 sugars 1537:1542 the skin sugars 1528:1542 the skin sugars 1528:1542 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 5 105 with sulfated 928:935 arg1 reduction 956:964 a significant reduction 942:964 a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) 942:1084 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 9 106 dep wild-type 1477:1485 arg1 -/- 1495:1497 -/- 1495:1497 -/- 1495:1497 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 0 107 theme decorin-deficient 2:18 arg1 matrix 20:25 A decorin-deficient matrix 0:25 A decorin-deficient matrix 0:25 A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function. 24447999 2 108 theme abnormal 332:339 arg1 architecture 350:361 an abnormal collagen architecture 329:361 an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis 329:375 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 5 109 theme reduced 1030:1036 arg1 expression 1038:1047 the reduced expression 1026:1047 the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) 1026:1084 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 4 110 from impact 686:691 arg1 dermis 726:731 the dermis 722:731 the dermis 722:731 To determine the impact of the loss of DS-decorin in the dermis, we analyzed the glycosaminoglycan content of Dcn(-/-) and wild-type mouse skin. 24447999 2 111 theme tensile 389:395 arg1 strength 397:404 reduced tensile strength 381:404 reduced tensile strength 381:404 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 11 112 from concentrations 1909:1922 arg1 binding 1891:1897 the binding 1887:1897 the binding at higher concentrations 1887:1922 Surprisingly, wild-type CS/DS significantly reduced the binding of Fgf7 to keratinocytes in a concentration dependent manner unlike the Dcn(-/-) CS/DS that only affected the binding at higher concentrations. 24447999 0 113 theme chondroitin/dermatan 40:59 arg1 levels 69:74 skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels 35:74 skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels 35:74 A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function. 24447999 15 114 theme Dcn 2405:2407 arg1 mice 2414:2417 Dcn(-/-) mice 2405:2417 Dcn(-/-) mice 2405:2417 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 14 115 theme 3D 2152:2153 arg1 co-cultures 2155:2165 3D co-cultures 2152:2165 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 2152:2198 3D co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that, unlike Dcn(-/-) CS/DS, wild-type CS/DS promoted differentiation of keratinocytes. 24447999 15 116 theme -/- 2409:2411 arg1 mice 2414:2417 Dcn(-/-) mice 2405:2417 Dcn(-/-) mice 2405:2417 Collectively, our results provide novel mechanistic explanations for the reported defects in wound healing in Dcn(-/-) mice and possibly Ehlers-Danlos patients. 24447999 8 117 theme cell 1421:1424 arg1 model 1434:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 24447999 5 118 theme -/- 896:898 arg1 skin 901:904 the Dcn(-/-) skin 888:904 the Dcn(-/-) skin 888:904 The total amount of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was increased in the Dcn(-/-) skin, but was overall less sulfated with a significant reduction in bisulfated ΔDiS2,X (X=4 or 6) disaccharide units, due to the reduced expression of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase (Ust). 24447999 2 119 from architecture 350:361 arg1 dermis 370:375 the dermis 366:375 the dermis 366:375 Mutant mice with targeted disruption of the decorin gene (Dcn(-/-)) exhibit an abnormal collagen architecture in the dermis and reduced tensile strength, collectively leading to a skin fragility phenotype. 24447999 9 120 theme uronyl 1582:1587 arg1 sulfotransferase 1593:1608 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase 1582:1608 uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase 1582:1608 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 1 121 theme dermatan 230:237 arg1 sulfate 239:245 dermatan sulfate 230:245 dermatan sulfate (DS) 230:250 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 1 121 theme dermatan 230:237 arg1 DS 248:249 DS 248:249 DS 248:249 Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan harboring a single glycosaminoglycan chain, which, in skin, is mainly composed of dermatan sulfate (DS). 24447999 7 122 theme skin 1326:1329 arg1 Dcn 1331:1333 skin Dcn 1326:1333 skin Dcn 1326:1333 Functionally, we found altered fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-7 and -2 binding due to changes in the micro-heterogeneity of skin Dcn(-/-) CS/DS. 24447999 13 123 theme Dcn 2083:2085 arg1 concentration 2066:2078 Higher concentration 2059:2078 Higher concentration of Dcn(-/-) CS/DS 2059:2096 Higher concentration of Dcn(-/-) CS/DS induced proliferation in contrast to wild-type CS/DS. 24447999 9 124 theme sulfotransferase 1593:1608 arg1 lack 1574:1577 the lack 1570:1577 the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts 1570:1636 We found that the CS/DS extracts of wild-type and Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts were similar to the skin sugars, and this correlated with the lack of uronyl 2-O sulfotransferase in the Dcn(-/-) fibroblasts. 24447999 8 125 theme 3D 1398:1399 arg1 model 1434:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model 1396:1438 To better delineate the role of decorin, we used a 3D Dcn(-/-) fibroblast cell culture model. 28652153 7 0 theme antimicrobial 1103:1115 arg1 packaging 1144:1152 food packaging 1139:1152 food packaging 1139:1152 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 7 0 theme antimicrobial 1103:1115 arg1 applications 1117:1128 antimicrobial applications 1103:1128 antimicrobial applications 1103:1128 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 2 1 theme chemical 362:369 arg1 composition 371:381 chemical composition 362:381 chemical composition 362:381 The EEO was characterized by chemical composition and antimicrobial tests against three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria. 28652153 0 2 theme inclusion 102:110 arg1 complex 112:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 1 3 theme β-cyclodextrin 251:264 arg1 complex 205:211 a complex 203:211 a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties 203:301 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 3 4 theme inclusion 472:480 arg1 IC 491:492 IC 491:492 IC 491:492 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 3 4 theme inclusion 472:480 arg1 complex 482:488 The inclusion complex 468:488 The inclusion complex (IC) 468:493 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 5 5 theme IC 942:943 arg1 addition 930:937 addition 930:937 addition of IC 930:943 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 5 6 theme composite 818:826 arg1 membranes 828:836 The composite membranes 814:836 The composite membranes containing 24% IC 814:854 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 4 7 theme thermal 669:675 arg1 properties 677:686 thermal properties 669:686 thermal properties 669:686 The morphology, thermal properties, functional groups, and antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus of the ultrafine fibers were evaluated. 28652153 0 8 from zein 48:51 arg1 fibers 36:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers 0:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein 0:51 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 3 9 theme co-precipitation 529:544 arg1 technique 546:554 co-precipitation technique 529:554 co-precipitation technique 529:554 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 0 10 theme electrospun 14:24 arg1 fibers 36:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers 0:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein 0:51 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 3 11 theme different 569:577 arg1 concentrations 579:592 different concentrations 569:592 different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent 569:650 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 0 12 theme Antimicrobial 0:12 arg1 fibers 36:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers 0:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein 0:51 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 2 13 theme antimicrobial 387:399 arg1 tests 401:405 antimicrobial tests 387:405 antimicrobial tests 387:405 The EEO was characterized by chemical composition and antimicrobial tests against three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria. 28652153 2 14 theme negative 449:456 arg1 bacteria 458:465 three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria 415:465 three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria 415:465 The EEO was characterized by chemical composition and antimicrobial tests against three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria. 28652153 6 15 theme growth 971:976 arg1 % 996:996 28.5% 992:996 28.5% 992:996 For L. monocytogenes the growth reduction was 28.5% and for S. aureus it was 24.3%. 28652153 6 15 theme growth 971:976 arg1 reduction 978:986 the growth reduction 967:986 the growth reduction 967:986 For L. monocytogenes the growth reduction was 28.5% and for S. aureus it was 24.3%. 28652153 7 16 theme IC-β-CD/EEO 1046:1056 arg1 promising 1082:1090 promising 1082:1090 promising 1082:1090 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 7 16 theme IC-β-CD/EEO 1046:1056 arg1 membranes 1068:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes 1030:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes 1030:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 5 17 theme % 851:851 arg1 IC 853:854 24% IC 849:854 24% IC 849:854 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 0 18 theme ultrafine 26:34 arg1 fibers 36:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers 0:41 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein 0:51 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 1 19 theme antimicrobial 278:290 arg1 properties 292:301 antimicrobial properties 278:301 antimicrobial properties 278:301 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 7 20 theme composite 1058:1066 arg1 promising 1082:1090 promising 1082:1090 promising 1082:1090 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 7 20 theme composite 1058:1066 arg1 membranes 1068:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes 1030:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes 1030:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 4 21 theme antimicrobial 712:724 arg1 activity 726:733 antimicrobial activity 712:733 antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus of the ultrafine fibers 712:796 The morphology, thermal properties, functional groups, and antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus of the ultrafine fibers were evaluated. 28652153 1 22 with complex 205:211 arg1 properties 292:301 antimicrobial properties 278:301 antimicrobial properties 278:301 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 1 23 theme eucalyptus 216:225 arg1 EEO 242:244 EEO 242:244 EEO 242:244 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 1 23 theme eucalyptus 216:225 arg1 oil 237:239 eucalyptus essential oil 216:239 eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) 216:245 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 3 24 theme polymer 602:608 arg1 solution 610:617 zein polymer solution 597:617 zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent 597:650 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 5 25 theme growth 889:894 arg1 reduction 876:884 a greater reduction 866:884 a greater reduction of growth 866:894 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 2 26 theme positive 426:433 arg1 bacteria 458:465 three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria 415:465 three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria 415:465 The EEO was characterized by chemical composition and antimicrobial tests against three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria. 28652153 5 27 theme greater 868:874 arg1 reduction 876:884 a greater reduction 866:884 a greater reduction of growth 866:894 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 7 28 from use 1096:1098 arg1 packaging 1144:1152 food packaging 1139:1152 food packaging 1139:1152 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 7 28 from use 1096:1098 arg1 applications 1117:1128 antimicrobial applications 1103:1128 antimicrobial applications 1103:1128 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 7 29 theme food 1139:1142 arg1 packaging 1144:1152 food packaging 1139:1152 food packaging 1139:1152 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 1 30 theme essential 227:235 arg1 EEO 242:244 EEO 242:244 EEO 242:244 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 1 30 theme essential 227:235 arg1 oil 237:239 eucalyptus essential oil 216:239 eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) 216:245 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 0 31 theme eucalyptus 64:73 arg1 complex 112:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 7 32 theme electrospun 1034:1044 arg1 promising 1082:1090 promising 1082:1090 promising 1082:1090 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 7 32 theme electrospun 1034:1044 arg1 membranes 1068:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes 1030:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes 1030:1076 The electrospun IC-β-CD/EEO composite membranes are promising for use in antimicrobial applications, such as food packaging. 28652153 3 33 theme zein 597:600 arg1 solution 610:617 zein polymer solution 597:617 zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent 597:650 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 1 34 theme study 137:141 arg1 aim 125:127 The aim 121:127 The aim of this study 121:141 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 1 35 theme oil 237:239 arg1 complex 205:211 a complex 203:211 a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties 203:301 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 4 36 theme ultrafine 781:789 arg1 fibers 791:796 the ultrafine fibers 777:796 the ultrafine fibers 777:796 The morphology, thermal properties, functional groups, and antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus of the ultrafine fibers were evaluated. 28652153 5 37 theme 24 849:850 arg1 % 851:851 % 851:851 % 851:851 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 4 38 theme functional 689:698 arg1 groups 700:705 functional groups 689:705 functional groups 689:705 The morphology, thermal properties, functional groups, and antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus of the ultrafine fibers were evaluated. 28652153 0 39 theme oil/cyclodextrin 85:100 arg1 complex 112:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 2 40 theme Gram 421:424 arg1 bacteria 458:465 three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria 415:465 three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria 415:465 The EEO was characterized by chemical composition and antimicrobial tests against three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria. 28652153 5 41 contain containing 838:847 arg1 membranes 828:836 The composite membranes 814:836 The composite membranes containing 24% IC 814:854 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 5 41 contain containing 838:847 arg2 IC 853:854 24% IC 849:854 24% IC 849:854 The composite membranes containing 24% IC exhibited a greater reduction of growth as compared to the fibers without addition of IC. 28652153 3 42 from concentrations 579:592 arg1 solution 610:617 zein polymer solution 597:617 zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent 597:650 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 0 43 theme essential 75:83 arg1 complex 112:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex 64:118 Antimicrobial electrospun ultrafine fibers from zein containing eucalyptus essential oil/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. 28652153 3 44 theme aqueous 625:631 arg1 ethanol 633:639 aqueous ethanol 625:639 aqueous ethanol 625:639 The inclusion complex (IC) was prepared with β-CD and EEO by co-precipitation technique and added at different concentrations in zein polymer solution using aqueous ethanol as solvent. 28652153 1 45 from zein 180:183 arg1 fibers 168:173 ultrafine fibers 158:173 ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique 158:330 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 28652153 1 46 theme ultrafine 158:166 arg1 fibers 168:173 ultrafine fibers 158:173 ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique 158:330 The aim of this study was to produce ultrafine fibers from zein incorporated with a complex of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with antimicrobial properties by electrospinning technique. 24262527 1 0 theme mucilages 158:166 arg1 composition 91:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 1 0 theme mucilages 158:166 arg1 properties 144:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties 104:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages 104:166 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 9 1 theme high 1005:1008 arg1 viscosity 1010:1018 their high viscosity 999:1018 their high viscosity 999:1018 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 2 2 theme protein 297:303 arg1 content 305:311 a low protein content 291:311 a low protein content 291:311 All samples were composed of neutral and acidic sugars, with a low protein content. 24262527 3 3 theme NMR 323:325 arg1 data 327:330 the NMR data 319:330 the NMR data 319:330 From the NMR data, a rhamnogalacturonan backbone could be inferred as a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations depending on the cultivar. 24262527 9 4 theme surface-active 1084:1097 arg1 properties 1099:1108 their good surface-active properties 1073:1108 their good surface-active properties 1073:1108 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 2 5 theme acidic 271:276 arg1 sugars 278:283 neutral and acidic sugars 259:283 neutral and acidic sugars 259:283 All samples were composed of neutral and acidic sugars, with a low protein content. 24262527 5 6 theme proteins 698:705 arg1 proteins 698:705 proteins 698:705 proteins 698:705 The viscosity seemed to be positively correlated with the neutral sugars and negatively with the amount of proteins. 24262527 5 6 theme proteins 698:705 arg1 amount 688:693 the amount 684:693 the amount of proteins 684:705 The viscosity seemed to be positively correlated with the neutral sugars and negatively with the amount of proteins. 24262527 9 7 theme Solal 932:936 arg1 cultivars 951:959 Solal and Festival cultivars 932:959 Solal and Festival cultivars 932:959 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 1 8 theme chemical 82:89 arg1 composition 91:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 1 8 theme chemical 82:89 arg1 properties 144:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties 104:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages 104:166 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 3 9 theme structural 393:402 arg1 feature 404:410 a common structural feature 384:410 a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations 384:454 From the NMR data, a rhamnogalacturonan backbone could be inferred as a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations depending on the cultivar. 24262527 7 10 theme sensory 766:772 arg1 analysis 774:781 The sensory analysis 762:781 The sensory analysis 762:781 The sensory analysis showed that most mucilages are tasteless. 24262527 2 11 theme low 293:295 arg1 content 305:311 a low protein content 291:311 a low protein content 291:311 All samples were composed of neutral and acidic sugars, with a low protein content. 24262527 7 12 theme most 795:798 arg1 tasteless 814:822 tasteless 814:822 tasteless 814:822 The sensory analysis showed that most mucilages are tasteless. 24262527 7 12 theme most 795:798 arg1 mucilages 800:808 most mucilages 795:808 most mucilages 795:808 The sensory analysis showed that most mucilages are tasteless. 24262527 1 13 theme Italian 190:196 arg1 cultivars 203:211 seven Italian flax cultivars 184:211 seven Italian flax cultivars 184:211 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 3 14 theme rhamnogalacturonan 335:352 arg1 backbone 354:361 a rhamnogalacturonan backbone 333:361 a rhamnogalacturonan backbone 333:361 From the NMR data, a rhamnogalacturonan backbone could be inferred as a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations depending on the cultivar. 24262527 4 15 theme poor 512:515 arg1 stability 517:525 a poor stability 510:525 a poor stability 510:525 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 24262527 4 15 theme poor 512:515 arg1 consistent 538:547 consistent 538:547 consistent 538:547 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 24262527 9 16 theme good 1079:1082 arg1 properties 1099:1108 their good surface-active properties 1073:1108 their good surface-active properties 1073:1108 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 1 17 theme flax 198:201 arg1 cultivars 203:211 seven Italian flax cultivars 184:211 seven Italian flax cultivars 184:211 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 0 18 theme mucilages 20:28 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of mucilages 0:28 Characterisation of mucilages extracted from seven Italian cultivars of flax. 24262527 3 19 with mucilages 424:432 arg1 variations 445:454 some variations 440:454 some variations 440:454 From the NMR data, a rhamnogalacturonan backbone could be inferred as a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations depending on the cultivar. 24262527 9 20 from particular 920:929 arg1 useful 970:975 useful 970:975 useful 970:975 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 1 21 theme physicochemical 104:118 arg1 composition 91:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 1 21 theme physicochemical 104:118 arg1 properties 144:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties 104:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages 104:166 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 8 22 theme flaxseed 869:876 arg1 mucilages 878:886 flaxseed mucilages 869:886 flaxseed mucilages 869:886 All these outcomes could support the use of flaxseed mucilages for industrial applications. 24262527 3 23 theme common 386:391 arg1 feature 404:410 a common structural feature 384:410 a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations 384:454 From the NMR data, a rhamnogalacturonan backbone could be inferred as a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations depending on the cultivar. 24262527 9 24 theme Festival 942:949 arg1 cultivars 951:959 Solal and Festival cultivars 932:959 Solal and Festival cultivars 932:959 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 8 25 theme mucilages 878:886 arg1 use 862:864 the use 858:864 the use of flaxseed mucilages for industrial applications 858:914 All these outcomes could support the use of flaxseed mucilages for industrial applications. 24262527 0 26 theme Italian 51:57 arg1 cultivars 59:67 seven Italian cultivars 45:67 seven Italian cultivars of flax 45:75 Characterisation of mucilages extracted from seven Italian cultivars of flax. 24262527 6 27 theme Functional 708:717 arg1 properties 719:728 Functional properties 708:728 Functional properties 708:728 Functional properties were dependent on the cultivar. 24262527 1 28 theme functional 121:130 arg1 composition 91:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 1 28 theme functional 121:130 arg1 properties 144:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties 104:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages 104:166 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 2 29 theme neutral 259:265 arg1 sugars 278:283 neutral and acidic sugars 259:283 neutral and acidic sugars 259:283 All samples were composed of neutral and acidic sugars, with a low protein content. 24262527 8 30 theme industrial 892:901 arg1 applications 903:914 industrial applications 892:914 industrial applications 892:914 All these outcomes could support the use of flaxseed mucilages for industrial applications. 24262527 4 31 theme zeta 560:563 arg1 value 584:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 24262527 5 32 theme neutral 649:655 arg1 sugars 657:662 the neutral sugars 645:662 the neutral sugars 645:662 The viscosity seemed to be positively correlated with the neutral sugars and negatively with the amount of proteins. 24262527 1 33 theme sensory 136:142 arg1 composition 91:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition 78:101 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 1 33 theme sensory 136:142 arg1 properties 144:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties 104:153 physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages 104:166 The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. 24262527 4 34 theme low 556:558 arg1 value 584:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 24262527 0 35 theme flax 72:75 arg1 cultivars 59:67 seven Italian cultivars 45:67 seven Italian cultivars of flax 45:75 Characterisation of mucilages extracted from seven Italian cultivars of flax. 24262527 4 36 with consistent 538:547 arg1 value 584:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 24262527 4 37 theme absolute 575:582 arg1 value 584:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 24262527 9 38 from useful 970:975 arg1 particular 920:929 particular 920:929 particular 920:929 In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. 24262527 4 39 theme potential 565:573 arg1 value 584:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 a low zeta potential absolute value 554:588 All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. 26808017 5 0 theme HPMC 824:827 arg1 concentrations 829:842 HPMC concentrations 824:842 HPMC concentrations below 20% 824:852 The flexibility of composite films decreased at HPMC concentrations below 20%. 26808017 1 1 theme immiscible 176:185 arg1 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 1 theme immiscible 176:185 arg1 methylcellulose 128:142 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 114:142 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 114:149 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 1 theme immiscible 176:185 arg1 biopolymers 187:197 two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers 155:197 two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods 155:263 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 5 2 theme films 805:809 arg1 flexibility 780:790 The flexibility 776:790 The flexibility of composite films 776:809 The flexibility of composite films decreased at HPMC concentrations below 20%. 26808017 6 3 theme hydrophobic 963:973 arg1 nature 975:980 its hydrophobic nature 959:980 its hydrophobic nature 959:980 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 9 4 theme incompatible 1268:1279 arg1 polymers 1281:1288 two incompatible polymers 1264:1288 two incompatible polymers alongside each other within a homogeneous film network 1264:1343 Therefore, W/W emulsions are capable of holding two incompatible polymers alongside each other within a homogeneous film network without weakening the physical properties. 26808017 2 5 theme gelatin-HPMC 310:321 arg1 emulsion 344:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 3 6 theme dispersed 585:593 arg1 phase 595:599 dispersed phase 585:599 dispersed phase 585:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 6 7 theme depletion 859:867 arg1 layer 869:873 The depletion layer 855:873 The depletion layer at the droplets interface 855:899 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 2 8 theme transparent 374:384 arg1 films 396:400 transparent composite films 374:400 transparent composite films 374:400 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 5 9 theme composite 795:803 arg1 films 805:809 composite films 795:809 composite films 795:809 The flexibility of composite films decreased at HPMC concentrations below 20%. 26808017 2 10 theme HPMC 420:423 arg1 droplets 435:442 the HPMC dispersed droplets 416:442 the HPMC dispersed droplets 416:442 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 3 11 theme mechanical 499:508 arg1 properties 510:519 The physicochemical and mechanical properties 475:519 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 475:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 12 contain containing 545:554 arg1 films 539:543 emulsion-based films 524:543 emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 524:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 12 contain containing 545:554 arg2 % 579:579 5-30% 575:579 5-30% 575:579 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 12 contain containing 545:554 arg2 amounts 566:572 different amounts 556:572 different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 556:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 12 contain containing 545:554 arg2 phase 595:599 dispersed phase 585:599 dispersed phase 585:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 2 13 theme phase 292:296 arg1 separation 298:307 phase separation 292:307 phase separation 292:307 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 4 14 theme emulsion-based 704:717 arg1 films 719:723 W/W emulsion-based films 700:723 W/W emulsion-based films 700:723 Incorporating HPMC into W/W emulsion-based films had no significant effect on the tensile strength. 26808017 0 15 theme methylcellulose 22:36 arg1 water-in-water 38:51 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water 0:51 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water 0:51 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water emulsions as a new bio-based packaging material. 26808017 6 16 theme vapor 932:936 arg1 molecules 938:946 water vapor molecules 926:946 water vapor molecules 926:946 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 6 17 from interface 891:899 arg1 layer 869:873 The depletion layer 855:873 The depletion layer at the droplets interface 855:899 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 2 18 theme W/W 339:341 arg1 emulsion 344:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 0 19 theme Gelatin-hydroxypropyl 0:20 arg1 water-in-water 38:51 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water 0:51 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water 0:51 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water emulsions as a new bio-based packaging material. 26808017 2 20 used utilized 357:364 arg2 emulsion 344:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 1 21 theme hydroxypropyl 114:126 arg1 HPMC 145:148 HPMC 145:148 HPMC 145:148 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 21 theme hydroxypropyl 114:126 arg1 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 21 theme hydroxypropyl 114:126 arg1 methylcellulose 128:142 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 114:142 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 114:149 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 21 theme hydroxypropyl 114:126 arg1 biopolymers 187:197 two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers 155:197 two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods 155:263 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 22 theme homogeneous 217:227 arg1 films 239:243 homogeneous composite films 217:243 homogeneous composite films using usual methods 217:263 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 3 23 theme phase 595:599 arg1 amounts 566:572 different amounts 556:572 different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 556:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 23 theme phase 595:599 arg1 % 579:579 5-30% 575:579 5-30% 575:579 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 23 theme phase 595:599 arg1 phase 595:599 dispersed phase 585:599 dispersed phase 585:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 2 24 theme gelatin 447:453 arg1 network 466:472 gelatin continuous network 447:472 gelatin continuous network 447:472 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 2 25 theme continuous 455:464 arg1 network 466:472 gelatin continuous network 447:472 gelatin continuous network 447:472 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 6 26 dep reduced 901:907 arg1 so 983:984 so 983:984 so 983:984 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 6 27 theme water 926:930 arg1 molecules 938:946 water vapor molecules 926:946 water vapor molecules 926:946 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 2 28 theme water-in-water 323:336 arg1 emulsion 344:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion 310:351 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 3 29 theme different 556:564 arg1 amounts 566:572 different amounts 556:572 different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 556:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 29 theme different 556:564 arg1 % 579:579 5-30% 575:579 5-30% 575:579 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 3 29 theme different 556:564 arg1 phase 595:599 dispersed phase 585:599 dispersed phase 585:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 8 30 theme HPMC 1157:1160 arg1 entrapment 1143:1152 The entrapment 1139:1152 The entrapment of HPMC in continuous gelatin phase 1139:1188 The entrapment of HPMC in continuous gelatin phase decreased its solubility. 26808017 4 31 theme W/W 700:702 arg1 films 719:723 W/W emulsion-based films 700:723 W/W emulsion-based films 700:723 Incorporating HPMC into W/W emulsion-based films had no significant effect on the tensile strength. 26808017 7 32 from content 1054:1060 arg1 films 1078:1082 the emulsion films 1065:1082 the emulsion films 1065:1082 Increasing the HPMC content in the emulsion films increased the swelling and decreased the transparency. 26808017 3 33 theme physicochemical 479:493 arg1 properties 510:519 The physicochemical and mechanical properties 475:519 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 475:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 6 34 theme vapor 996:1000 arg1 permeability 1002:1013 the water vapor permeability 986:1013 the water vapor permeability 986:1013 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 2 35 from entrapment 405:414 arg1 network 466:472 gelatin continuous network 447:472 gelatin continuous network 447:472 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 2 36 theme dispersed 425:433 arg1 droplets 435:442 the HPMC dispersed droplets 416:442 the HPMC dispersed droplets 416:442 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 26808017 0 37 theme bio-based 72:80 arg1 material 92:99 a new bio-based packaging material 66:99 a new bio-based packaging material 66:99 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water emulsions as a new bio-based packaging material. 26808017 6 38 theme water 990:994 arg1 permeability 1002:1013 the water vapor permeability 986:1013 the water vapor permeability 986:1013 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 8 39 theme continuous 1165:1174 arg1 phase 1184:1188 continuous gelatin phase 1165:1188 continuous gelatin phase 1165:1188 The entrapment of HPMC in continuous gelatin phase decreased its solubility. 26808017 6 40 theme molecules 938:946 arg1 diffusion 913:921 the diffusion 909:921 the diffusion of water vapor molecules 909:946 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 3 41 theme films 539:543 arg1 properties 510:519 The physicochemical and mechanical properties 475:519 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 475:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 0 42 theme new 68:70 arg1 material 92:99 a new bio-based packaging material 66:99 a new bio-based packaging material 66:99 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water emulsions as a new bio-based packaging material. 26808017 9 43 theme homogeneous 1320:1330 arg1 network 1337:1343 a homogeneous film network 1318:1343 a homogeneous film network 1318:1343 Therefore, W/W emulsions are capable of holding two incompatible polymers alongside each other within a homogeneous film network without weakening the physical properties. 26808017 4 44 theme tensile 758:764 arg1 strength 766:773 the tensile strength 754:773 the tensile strength 754:773 Incorporating HPMC into W/W emulsion-based films had no significant effect on the tensile strength. 26808017 9 45 theme film 1332:1335 arg1 network 1337:1343 a homogeneous film network 1318:1343 a homogeneous film network 1318:1343 Therefore, W/W emulsions are capable of holding two incompatible polymers alongside each other within a homogeneous film network without weakening the physical properties. 26808017 4 46 theme significant 732:742 arg1 effect 744:749 no significant effect 729:749 no significant effect 729:749 Incorporating HPMC into W/W emulsion-based films had no significant effect on the tensile strength. 26808017 9 47 theme W/W 1227:1229 arg1 emulsions 1231:1239 W/W emulsions 1227:1239 W/W emulsions 1227:1239 Therefore, W/W emulsions are capable of holding two incompatible polymers alongside each other within a homogeneous film network without weakening the physical properties. 26808017 8 48 theme gelatin 1176:1182 arg1 phase 1184:1188 continuous gelatin phase 1165:1188 continuous gelatin phase 1165:1188 The entrapment of HPMC in continuous gelatin phase decreased its solubility. 26808017 6 49 theme droplets 882:889 arg1 interface 891:899 the droplets interface 878:899 the droplets interface 878:899 The depletion layer at the droplets interface reduced the diffusion of water vapor molecules because of its hydrophobic nature, so the water vapor permeability remained constant. 26808017 7 50 theme emulsion 1069:1076 arg1 films 1078:1082 the emulsion films 1065:1082 the emulsion films 1065:1082 Increasing the HPMC content in the emulsion films increased the swelling and decreased the transparency. 26808017 7 51 theme HPMC 1049:1052 arg1 content 1054:1060 the HPMC content 1045:1060 Increasing the HPMC content in the emulsion films 1034:1082 Increasing the HPMC content in the emulsion films increased the swelling and decreased the transparency. 26808017 3 52 theme emulsion-based 524:537 arg1 films 539:543 emulsion-based films 524:543 emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase 524:599 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 1 53 theme usual 251:255 arg1 methods 257:263 usual methods 251:263 usual methods 251:263 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 3 54 theme individual 644:653 arg1 films 669:673 individual polymer-based films 644:673 individual polymer-based films 644:673 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 1 55 theme composite 229:237 arg1 films 239:243 homogeneous composite films 217:243 homogeneous composite films using usual methods 217:263 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 56 theme incompatible 159:170 arg1 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin 102:108 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 56 theme incompatible 159:170 arg1 methylcellulose 128:142 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 114:142 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 114:149 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 1 56 theme incompatible 159:170 arg1 biopolymers 187:197 two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers 155:197 two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods 155:263 Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. 26808017 8 57 from entrapment 1143:1152 arg1 phase 1184:1188 continuous gelatin phase 1165:1188 continuous gelatin phase 1165:1188 The entrapment of HPMC in continuous gelatin phase decreased its solubility. 26808017 0 58 theme packaging 82:90 arg1 material 92:99 a new bio-based packaging material 66:99 a new bio-based packaging material 66:99 Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water emulsions as a new bio-based packaging material. 26808017 9 59 theme physical 1367:1374 arg1 properties 1376:1385 the physical properties 1363:1385 the physical properties 1363:1385 Therefore, W/W emulsions are capable of holding two incompatible polymers alongside each other within a homogeneous film network without weakening the physical properties. 26808017 3 60 theme polymer-based 655:667 arg1 films 669:673 individual polymer-based films 644:673 individual polymer-based films 644:673 The physicochemical and mechanical properties of emulsion-based films containing different amounts (5-30%) of dispersed phase were determined and compared with those of individual polymer-based films. 26808017 7 61 theme Increasing 1034:1043 arg1 content 1054:1060 the HPMC content 1045:1060 Increasing the HPMC content in the emulsion films 1034:1082 Increasing the HPMC content in the emulsion films increased the swelling and decreased the transparency. 26808017 2 62 theme composite 386:394 arg1 films 396:400 transparent composite films 374:400 transparent composite films 374:400 In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films by entrapment the HPMC dispersed droplets in gelatin continuous network. 25592843 3 0 theme substitution 494:505 arg1 degree 484:489 an increased degree 471:489 an increased degree of substitution 471:505 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 1 1 theme H 264:264 arg1 NMR 266:268 (1)H NMR 261:268 (1)H NMR 261:268 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 3 2 from increase 415:422 arg1 time 440:443 the reaction time 427:443 the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis 427:462 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 3 2 from increase 415:422 arg1 ratio 364:368 the molar ratio 354:368 the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis 354:406 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 4 3 theme basic 583:587 arg1 conditions 592:601 basic pH conditions 583:601 basic pH conditions 583:601 QGCMC demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity at acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and could significantly lengthen the shelf life of strawberries. 25592843 2 4 theme elemental 288:296 arg1 composition 298:308 The elemental composition 284:308 The elemental composition of QGCMC 284:317 The elemental composition of QGCMC was also investigated. 25592843 3 5 theme increased 474:482 arg1 degree 484:489 an increased degree 471:489 an increased degree of substitution 471:505 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 3 6 theme reaction 431:438 arg1 time 440:443 the reaction time 427:443 the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis 427:462 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 3 7 theme molar 358:362 arg1 ratio 364:368 the molar ratio 354:368 the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis 354:406 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 3 8 theme QGCMC 392:396 arg1 synthesis 398:406 QGCMC synthesis 392:406 QGCMC synthesis 392:406 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 1 9 theme chitosan 108:115 arg1 chitosan 155:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 129:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC) 129:198 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 9 theme chitosan 108:115 arg1 derivative 117:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 4 10 theme strawberries 654:665 arg1 life 646:649 the shelf life 636:649 the shelf life of strawberries 636:665 QGCMC demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity at acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and could significantly lengthen the shelf life of strawberries. 25592843 3 11 theme materials 373:381 arg1 ratio 364:368 the molar ratio 354:368 the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis 354:406 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 2 12 theme QGCMC 313:317 arg1 composition 298:308 The elemental composition 284:308 The elemental composition of QGCMC 284:317 The elemental composition of QGCMC was also investigated. 25592843 3 13 theme synthesis 454:462 arg1 time 440:443 the reaction time 427:443 the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis 427:462 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 0 14 theme quaternized 42:52 arg1 chitosan 68:75 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 42:75 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 42:75 Synthesis and preservative application of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups. 25592843 4 15 theme shelf 640:644 arg1 life 646:649 the shelf life 636:649 the shelf life of strawberries 636:665 QGCMC demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity at acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and could significantly lengthen the shelf life of strawberries. 25592843 3 16 theme QGCMC 448:452 arg1 synthesis 454:462 QGCMC synthesis 448:462 QGCMC synthesis 448:462 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 0 17 theme chitosan 68:75 arg1 preservative 14:25 preservative 14:25 preservative 14:25 Synthesis and preservative application of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups. 25592843 0 17 theme chitosan 68:75 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and preservative application of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups. 25592843 1 18 theme quaternized 129:139 arg1 chitosan 155:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 129:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC) 129:198 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 18 theme quaternized 129:139 arg1 derivative 117:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 0 19 theme carboxymethyl 54:66 arg1 chitosan 68:75 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 42:75 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 42:75 Synthesis and preservative application of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups. 25592843 4 20 theme antimicrobial 536:548 arg1 activity 550:557 a strong antimicrobial activity 527:557 a strong antimicrobial activity 527:557 QGCMC demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity at acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and could significantly lengthen the shelf life of strawberries. 25592843 1 21 dep NMR 266:268 arg1 1 262:262 1 262:262 1 262:262 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 22 theme carboxymethyl 141:153 arg1 chitosan 155:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 129:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC) 129:198 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 22 theme carboxymethyl 141:153 arg1 derivative 117:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 4 23 theme strong 529:534 arg1 activity 550:557 a strong antimicrobial activity 527:557 a strong antimicrobial activity 527:557 QGCMC demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity at acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and could significantly lengthen the shelf life of strawberries. 25592843 1 24 dep spectroscopy 270:281 arg1 NMR 266:268 (1)H NMR 261:268 (1)H NMR 261:268 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 25 theme FT-IR 254:258 arg1 spectroscopy 270:281 FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy 254:281 spectroscopy 270:281 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 3 26 from Increase 342:349 arg1 time 440:443 the reaction time 427:443 the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis 427:462 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 3 26 from Increase 342:349 arg1 ratio 364:368 the molar ratio 354:368 the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis 354:406 Increase in the molar ratio of materials used for QGCMC synthesis and an increase in the reaction time of QGCMC synthesis led to an increased degree of substitution. 25592843 4 27 theme pH 589:590 arg1 conditions 592:601 basic pH conditions 583:601 basic pH conditions 583:601 QGCMC demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity at acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and could significantly lengthen the shelf life of strawberries. 25592843 0 28 theme guanidine 88:96 arg1 groups 98:103 guanidine groups 88:103 guanidine groups 88:103 Synthesis and preservative application of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups. 25592843 1 29 theme guanidine 175:183 arg1 groups 185:190 guanidine groups 175:190 guanidine groups (QGCMC) 175:198 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 29 theme guanidine 175:183 arg1 QGCMC 193:197 QGCMC 193:197 QGCMC 193:197 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 30 contain containing 164:173 arg1 chitosan 155:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 129:162 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC) 129:198 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 30 contain containing 164:173 arg2 QGCMC 193:197 QGCMC 193:197 QGCMC 193:197 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 30 contain containing 164:173 arg2 groups 185:190 guanidine groups 175:190 guanidine groups (QGCMC) 175:198 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 1 30 contain containing 164:173 arg1 derivative 117:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative 106:126 A chitosan derivative, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups (QGCMC), was synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25592843 0 31 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 application 27:37 application 27:37 application 27:37 Synthesis and preservative application of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan containing guanidine groups. 27771794 3 0 theme surface 540:546 arg1 HS 548:549 cell surface HS 535:549 cell surface HS 535:549 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 7 1 from combination 1009:1019 arg1 instances 1049:1057 many instances 1044:1057 many instances 1044:1057 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 1 2 attach present 147:153 arg1 surface 162:168 the surface 158:168 the surface of cells 158:177 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 2 attach present 147:153 arg2 sulfate 113:119 Heparan sulfate 105:119 Heparan sulfate (HS) 105:124 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 2 attach present 147:153 arg2 glycosaminoglycan 129:145 a glycosaminoglycan 127:145 a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells 127:177 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 9 3 theme HS 1407:1408 arg1 chains 1410:1415 partially digested HS chains 1388:1415 partially digested HS chains 1388:1415 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 7 4 theme many 1044:1047 arg1 instances 1049:1057 many instances 1044:1057 many instances 1044:1057 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 3 5 theme HS 493:494 arg1 Characterization 473:488 Characterization 473:488 Characterization of HS 473:494 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 5 6 theme techniques 819:828 arg1 techniques 819:828 orthogonal analytical techniques 797:828 orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 797:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 6 theme techniques 819:828 arg1 variety 786:792 a variety 784:792 a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 784:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 7 7 dep provides 1059:1066 arg1 provides 1139:1146 provides 1139:1146 provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives 1139:1213 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 7 8 theme techniques 1030:1039 arg1 combination 1009:1019 The combination 1005:1019 The combination of these techniques in many instances 1005:1057 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 3 9 theme cell 535:538 arg1 HS 548:549 cell surface HS 535:549 cell surface HS 535:549 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 9 10 theme chains 1410:1415 arg1 Analysis 1376:1383 Analysis 1376:1383 Analysis of partially digested HS chains 1376:1415 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 2 11 theme chemical 282:289 arg1 structure 291:299 The chemical structure 278:299 The chemical structure 278:299 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 4 12 theme additional 600:609 arg1 modification 620:631 additional chemical modification 600:631 additional chemical modification of the native residues 600:654 This process may introduce additional chemical modification of the native residues. 27771794 5 13 theme orthogonal 797:806 arg1 techniques 819:828 orthogonal analytical techniques 797:828 orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 797:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 8 14 theme quantitative 1252:1263 arg1 determination 1265:1277 quantitative determination 1252:1277 quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains 1252:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 3 15 theme HS 548:549 arg1 purification 519:530 purification 519:530 purification 519:530 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 3 15 theme HS 548:549 arg1 isolation 505:513 isolation 505:513 isolation 505:513 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 3 15 theme HS 548:549 arg1 mixture 564:570 a complex mixture 554:570 a complex mixture 554:570 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 9 16 theme structures 1465:1474 arg1 understanding 1437:1449 a better understanding 1428:1449 a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture 1428:1494 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 11 17 from characterization 1869:1884 arg1 sources 1912:1918 different sources 1902:1918 different sources 1902:1918 In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources. 27771794 4 18 theme residues 647:654 arg1 modification 620:631 additional chemical modification 600:631 additional chemical modification of the native residues 600:654 This process may introduce additional chemical modification of the native residues. 27771794 1 19 theme normal 240:245 arg1 physiologies 264:275 both normal and pathological physiologies 235:275 both normal and pathological physiologies 235:275 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 20 theme present 147:153 arg1 sulfate 113:119 Heparan sulfate 105:119 Heparan sulfate (HS) 105:124 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 20 theme present 147:153 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 129:145 a glycosaminoglycan 127:145 a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells 127:177 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 8 21 theme saccharide 1303:1312 arg1 residues 1314:1321 natural and modified saccharide residues 1282:1321 natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains 1282:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 0 22 theme sulfate 86:92 arg1 structure 94:102 heparan sulfate structure 78:102 heparan sulfate structure 78:102 An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. 27771794 10 23 from involvement 1772:1782 arg1 progression 1795:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 6 24 theme various 921:927 arg1 properties 993:1002 overall chain properties 979:1002 overall chain properties 979:1002 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 6 24 theme various 921:927 arg1 level 968:972 fragment level 959:972 fragment level 959:972 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 6 24 theme various 921:927 arg1 levels 929:934 various levels 921:934 various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties 921:1002 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 6 24 theme various 921:927 arg1 composition 946:956 composition 946:956 composition 946:956 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 2 25 theme disease 464:470 arg1 context 453:459 the context 449:459 the context of disease 449:470 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 8 26 theme HS 1330:1331 arg1 chains 1333:1338 the HS chains 1326:1338 the HS chains 1326:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 7 27 theme other 1123:1127 arg1 instances 1129:1137 other instances 1123:1137 other instances 1123:1137 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 5 28 theme kidney 740:745 arg1 sulfate 755:761 bovine kidney heparan sulfate 733:761 bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 733:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 28 theme kidney 740:745 arg1 BKHS 764:767 BKHS 764:767 BKHS 764:767 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 0 29 theme heparan 78:84 arg1 sulfate 86:92 heparan sulfate 78:92 heparan sulfate structure 78:102 An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. 27771794 1 30 theme pathological 251:262 arg1 physiologies 264:275 both normal and pathological physiologies 235:275 both normal and pathological physiologies 235:275 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 31 theme Heparan 105:111 arg1 HS 122:123 HS 122:123 HS 122:123 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 31 theme Heparan 105:111 arg1 sulfate 113:119 Heparan sulfate 105:119 Heparan sulfate (HS) 105:124 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 31 theme Heparan 105:111 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 129:145 a glycosaminoglycan 127:145 a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells 127:177 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 7 32 dep overlapping 1148:1158 arg1 confirmatory 1162:1173 confirmatory 1162:1173 confirmatory 1162:1173 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 5 33 dep NMR 836:838 arg1 e.g. 831:834 e.g. 831:834 e.g. 831:834 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 7 34 theme HS 1112:1113 arg1 structure 1099:1107 the fine structure 1090:1107 the fine structure of HS 1090:1113 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 9 35 theme reducing 1556:1563 arg1 end 1565:1567 reducing end 1556:1567 reducing end 1556:1567 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 6 36 theme chain 987:991 arg1 properties 993:1002 overall chain properties 979:1002 overall chain properties 979:1002 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 0 37 theme orthogonal 29:38 arg1 techniques 51:60 orthogonal analytical techniques 29:60 orthogonal analytical techniques 29:60 An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. 27771794 5 38 theme heparan 747:753 arg1 sulfate 755:761 bovine kidney heparan sulfate 733:761 bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 733:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 38 theme heparan 747:753 arg1 BKHS 764:767 BKHS 764:767 BKHS 764:767 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 1 39 contain have 203:206 arg1 HS 122:123 HS 122:123 HS 122:123 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 39 contain have 203:206 arg1 sulfate 113:119 Heparan sulfate 105:119 Heparan sulfate (HS) 105:124 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 39 contain have 203:206 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 129:145 a glycosaminoglycan 127:145 a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells 127:177 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 1 39 contain have 203:206 arg2 roles 218:222 important roles 208:222 important roles 208:222 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 4 40 theme native 640:645 arg1 residues 647:654 the native residues 636:654 the native residues 636:654 This process may introduce additional chemical modification of the native residues. 27771794 11 41 theme different 1902:1910 arg1 sources 1912:1918 different sources 1902:1918 different sources 1902:1918 In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources. 27771794 8 42 from residues 1314:1321 arg1 chains 1333:1338 the HS chains 1326:1338 the HS chains 1326:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 7 43 theme orthogonal 1068:1077 arg1 views 1079:1083 orthogonal views 1068:1083 orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS 1068:1113 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 7 44 theme different 1192:1200 arg1 perspectives 1202:1213 different perspectives 1192:1213 different perspectives 1192:1213 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 8 45 from chains 1333:1338 arg1 determination 1265:1277 quantitative determination 1252:1277 quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains 1252:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 9 46 theme digested 1398:1405 arg1 chains 1410:1415 partially digested HS chains 1388:1415 partially digested HS chains 1388:1415 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 7 47 from perspectives 1202:1213 arg1 information 1175:1185 overlapping / confirmatory information 1148:1185 overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives 1148:1213 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 5 48 theme analytical 808:817 arg1 techniques 819:828 orthogonal analytical techniques 797:828 orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 797:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 4 49 theme chemical 611:618 arg1 modification 620:631 additional chemical modification 600:631 additional chemical modification of the native residues 600:654 This process may introduce additional chemical modification of the native residues. 27771794 5 50 theme bovine 733:738 arg1 sulfate 755:761 bovine kidney heparan sulfate 733:761 bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 733:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 50 theme bovine 733:738 arg1 BKHS 764:767 BKHS 764:767 BKHS 764:767 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 2 51 theme sulfation 305:313 arg1 pattern 315:321 sulfation pattern 305:321 sulfation pattern 305:321 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 1 52 theme cells 173:177 arg1 surface 162:168 the surface 158:168 the surface of cells 158:177 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 10 53 theme biological 1742:1751 arg1 role 1753:1756 its biological role 1738:1756 its biological role 1738:1756 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 9 54 theme better 1430:1435 arg1 understanding 1437:1449 a better understanding 1428:1449 a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture 1428:1494 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 10 55 theme role 1753:1756 arg1 understanding 1721:1733 understanding 1721:1733 understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression 1721:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 8 56 theme modified 1294:1301 arg1 residues 1314:1321 natural and modified saccharide residues 1282:1321 natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains 1282:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 2 57 theme domain 324:329 arg1 structure 331:339 domain structure 324:339 domain structure 324:339 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 10 58 theme disease 1787:1793 arg1 progression 1795:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 10 59 theme involvement 1772:1782 arg1 understanding 1721:1733 understanding 1721:1733 understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression 1721:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 9 60 theme domain 1458:1463 arg1 structures 1465:1474 the domain structures 1454:1474 the domain structures within this mixture 1454:1494 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 11 61 from sources 1912:1918 arg1 heparin 1889:1895 heparin 1889:1895 heparin from different sources 1889:1918 In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources. 27771794 11 61 from sources 1912:1918 arg1 characterization 1869:1884 characterization 1869:1884 characterization of heparin from different sources 1869:1918 In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources. 27771794 0 62 theme analytical 40:49 arg1 techniques 51:60 orthogonal analytical techniques 29:60 orthogonal analytical techniques 29:60 An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. 27771794 5 63 theme thorough 704:711 arg1 characterization 713:728 thorough characterization 704:728 thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 704:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 3 64 theme complex 556:562 arg1 mixture 564:570 a complex mixture 554:570 a complex mixture 554:570 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 3 64 theme complex 556:562 arg1 isolation 505:513 isolation 505:513 isolation 505:513 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 3 64 theme complex 556:562 arg1 purification 519:530 purification 519:530 purification 519:530 Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. 27771794 10 65 from understanding 1721:1733 arg1 progression 1795:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 6 66 theme fragment 959:966 arg1 level 968:972 fragment level 959:972 fragment level 959:972 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 8 67 theme natural 1282:1288 arg1 residues 1314:1321 natural and modified saccharide residues 1282:1321 natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains 1282:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 7 68 theme overlapping 1148:1158 arg1 information 1175:1185 overlapping / confirmatory information 1148:1185 overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives 1148:1213 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 9 69 dep end 1548:1550 arg1 structures 1569:1578 structures 1569:1578 structures 1569:1578 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 8 70 from determination 1265:1277 arg1 chains 1333:1338 the HS chains 1326:1338 the HS chains 1326:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 9 71 theme specific 1508:1515 arg1 insights 1517:1524 specific insights 1508:1524 specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains 1508:1592 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 10 72 from role 1753:1756 arg1 progression 1795:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 disease progression 1787:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 8 73 theme residues 1314:1321 arg1 determination 1265:1277 quantitative determination 1252:1277 quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains 1252:1338 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 10 74 theme useful 1620:1625 arg1 framework 1627:1635 a useful framework 1618:1635 a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure 1618:1681 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 0 75 theme integrated 3:12 arg1 approach 14:21 An integrated approach 0:21 An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques 0:60 An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. 27771794 9 76 theme non-reducing 1535:1546 arg1 end 1548:1550 the non-reducing end 1531:1550 the non-reducing end 1531:1550 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 2 77 theme tissue 413:418 arg1 types 420:424 tissue types 413:424 tissue types 413:424 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 10 78 from progression 1795:1805 arg1 understanding 1721:1733 understanding 1721:1733 understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression 1721:1805 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 7 79 theme fine 1094:1097 arg1 structure 1099:1107 the fine structure 1090:1107 the fine structure of HS 1090:1113 The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. 27771794 10 80 theme potential 1762:1770 arg1 involvement 1772:1782 potential involvement 1762:1782 potential involvement 1762:1782 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 6 81 theme overall 979:985 arg1 properties 993:1002 overall chain properties 979:1002 overall chain properties 979:1002 These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. 27771794 8 82 theme unusual 1356:1362 arg1 structures 1364:1373 unusual structures 1356:1373 unusual structures 1356:1373 Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. 27771794 2 83 theme biological 377:386 arg1 function 388:395 its biological function 373:395 its biological function 373:395 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 5 84 theme sulfate 755:761 arg1 characterization 713:728 thorough characterization 704:728 thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS) 704:857 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 85 dep techniques 819:828 arg1 IP-RPHPLC 841:849 IP-RPHPLC 841:849 IP-RPHPLC 841:849 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 85 dep techniques 819:828 arg1 NMR 836:838 NMR 836:838 NMR 836:838 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 5 85 dep techniques 819:828 arg1 LC-MS 852:856 LC-MS 852:856 LC-MS 852:856 In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). 27771794 10 86 theme HS 1670:1671 arg1 structure 1673:1681 HS structure 1670:1681 HS structure 1670:1681 This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. 27771794 9 87 theme chains 1587:1592 arg1 end 1548:1550 the non-reducing end 1531:1550 the non-reducing end 1531:1550 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 9 87 theme chains 1587:1592 arg1 end 1565:1567 reducing end 1556:1567 reducing end 1556:1567 Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. 27771794 1 88 theme important 208:216 arg1 roles 218:222 important roles 208:222 important roles 208:222 Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. 27771794 11 89 theme heparin 1889:1895 arg1 characterization 1869:1884 characterization 1869:1884 characterization of heparin from different sources 1869:1918 In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources. 27771794 2 90 theme HS 345:346 arg1 structure 291:299 The chemical structure 278:299 The chemical structure 278:299 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 2 90 theme HS 345:346 arg1 pattern 315:321 sulfation pattern 305:321 sulfation pattern 305:321 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 27771794 2 90 theme HS 345:346 arg1 structure 331:339 domain structure 324:339 domain structure 324:339 The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. 29260387 2 0 theme Triton 491:496 arg1 X-100 498:502 the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 461:502 X-100 498:502 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 9 1 theme enzyme 1356:1361 arg1 activity 1363:1370 the initial enzyme activity 1344:1370 the initial enzyme activity 1344:1370 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 2 2 theme low 367:369 arg1 levels 371:376 only very low levels 357:376 only very low levels of amylolytic activity 357:399 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 1 3 theme high 248:251 arg1 level 253:257 a high level 246:257 a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme 246:306 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 2 4 theme detergent 481:489 arg1 X-100 498:502 the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 461:502 X-100 498:502 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 7 5 theme extracellular 1191:1203 arg1 enzyme 1205:1210 The crude extracellular enzyme 1181:1210 The crude extracellular enzyme 1181:1210 The crude extracellular enzyme was thereafter partially characterized. 29260387 5 6 theme experimental 944:955 arg1 parameters 957:966 the experimental parameters 940:966 the experimental parameters 940:966 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 1 7 theme study 164:168 arg1 objective 146:154 The objective 142:154 The objective of this study 142:168 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 5 8 theme extracellular 994:1006 arg1 production 1026:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 8 9 theme optimal 1256:1262 arg1 80 °C 1307:1311 80 °C 1307:1311 80 °C 1307:1311 The optimal temperature and pH values were found to be 80 °C and 9.0, respectively. 29260387 8 9 theme optimal 1256:1262 arg1 temperature 1264:1274 The optimal temperature 1252:1274 The optimal temperature 1252:1274 The optimal temperature and pH values were found to be 80 °C and 9.0, respectively. 29260387 4 10 theme temperature 804:814 arg1 level 733:737 the optimal level 721:737 the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 721:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 7 11 theme crude 1185:1189 arg1 enzyme 1205:1210 The crude extracellular enzyme 1181:1210 The crude extracellular enzyme 1181:1210 The crude extracellular enzyme was thereafter partially characterized. 29260387 4 12 theme medium 781:786 arg1 composition 788:798 culture medium composition 773:798 culture medium composition 773:798 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 4 13 theme concentration 758:770 arg1 level 733:737 the optimal level 721:737 the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 721:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 6 14 theme extracellular 1062:1074 arg1 accumulation 1094:1105 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 1062:1105 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 1062:1105 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 0 15 theme Thermus 89:95 arg1 HB8 110:112 Thermus thermophilus HB8 89:112 Thermus thermophilus HB8 89:112 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 4 16 theme culture 773:779 arg1 composition 788:798 culture medium composition 773:798 culture medium composition 773:798 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 3 17 theme statistical 550:560 arg1 designs 562:568 statistical designs 550:568 statistical designs 550:568 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 1 18 theme extracellular 262:274 arg1 enzyme 301:306 extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme 262:306 enzyme 301:306 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 5 19 theme amylolytic 1008:1017 arg1 production 1026:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 9 20 theme preparation 1490:1500 arg1 thermostability 1460:1474 the very high thermostability 1446:1474 the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation 1446:1500 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 5 21 theme parameters 957:966 arg1 interactions 978:989 their interactions 972:989 their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 972:1035 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 5 21 theme parameters 957:966 arg1 effects 929:935 the effects 925:935 the effects of the experimental parameters 925:966 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 6 22 theme enzyme 1087:1092 arg1 accumulation 1094:1105 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 1062:1105 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 1062:1105 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 5 23 from interactions 978:989 arg1 production 1026:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 0 24 dep Thermus 89:95 arg1 thermophilus 97:108 thermophilus 97:108 thermophilus 97:108 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 6 25 theme 76 U/mL 1166:1172 arg1 range 1174:1178 the 76 U/mL range 1162:1178 the 76 U/mL range 1162:1178 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 0 26 theme enzyme 79:84 arg1 production 20:29 the production 16:29 the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme 16:84 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 4 27 theme biomass 750:756 arg1 concentration 758:770 initial biomass concentration 742:770 initial biomass concentration 742:770 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 2 28 theme activity 392:399 arg1 levels 371:376 only very low levels 357:376 only very low levels of amylolytic activity 357:399 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 8 29 theme pH 1280:1281 arg1 values 1283:1288 pH values 1280:1288 pH values 1280:1288 The optimal temperature and pH values were found to be 80 °C and 9.0, respectively. 29260387 9 30 theme enzyme 1483:1488 arg1 preparation 1490:1500 the enzyme preparation 1479:1500 the enzyme preparation 1479:1500 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 2 31 theme production 317:326 arg1 tests 328:332 Initial production tests 309:332 Initial production tests 309:332 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 2 32 theme amylolytic 381:390 arg1 activity 392:399 amylolytic activity 381:399 amylolytic activity 381:399 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 0 33 theme production 20:29 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 0:140 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 1 34 theme thermostable 277:288 arg1 enzyme 301:306 extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme 262:306 enzyme 301:306 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 2 35 theme Initial 309:315 arg1 tests 328:332 Initial production tests 309:332 Initial production tests 309:332 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 6 36 from titers 1152:1157 arg1 range 1174:1178 the 76 U/mL range 1162:1178 the 76 U/mL range 1162:1178 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 5 37 theme Empirical 877:885 arg1 models 887:892 Empirical models 877:892 Empirical models 877:892 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 4 38 theme initial 742:748 arg1 concentration 758:770 initial biomass concentration 742:770 initial biomass concentration 742:770 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 1 39 theme amylolytic 290:299 arg1 enzyme 301:306 extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme 262:306 enzyme 301:306 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 0 40 theme basic 118:122 arg1 characterization 124:139 basic characterization 118:139 basic characterization 118:139 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 3 41 theme sequential 507:516 arg1 strategy 531:538 A sequential optimization strategy 505:538 A sequential optimization strategy 505:538 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 2 42 theme non-ionic 471:479 arg1 X-100 498:502 the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 461:502 X-100 498:502 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 1 43 theme enzyme 301:306 arg1 level 253:257 a high level 246:257 a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme 246:306 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 3 44 used used 575:578 arg2 strategy 531:538 A sequential optimization strategy 505:538 A sequential optimization strategy 505:538 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 4 45 theme enzyme 856:861 arg1 accumulation 863:874 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 831:874 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 831:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 6 46 theme enzyme 1145:1150 arg1 titers 1152:1157 enzyme titers 1145:1157 enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range 1145:1178 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 1 47 theme Thermus 204:210 arg1 HB8 225:227 Thermus thermophilus HB8 204:227 Thermus thermophilus HB8 204:227 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 6 48 theme amylolytic 1076:1085 arg1 accumulation 1094:1105 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 1062:1105 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 1062:1105 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 3 49 theme activity 642:649 arg1 production 603:612 the production 599:612 the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers 599:698 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 4 50 theme amylolytic 845:854 arg1 accumulation 863:874 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 831:874 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 831:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 2 51 theme mild 465:468 arg1 X-100 498:502 the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 461:502 X-100 498:502 Initial production tests indicated clearly that only very low levels of amylolytic activity could be detected, solely from cells after extraction using the mild, non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. 29260387 6 52 theme such 1048:1051 arg1 efforts 1053:1059 such efforts 1048:1059 such efforts 1048:1059 Following such efforts, extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation was increased more than 70-fold, with enzyme titers in the 76 U/mL range. 29260387 4 53 theme optimal 725:731 arg1 level 733:737 the optimal level 721:737 the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 721:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 0 54 theme extracellular 37:49 arg1 production 20:29 the production 16:29 the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme 16:84 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 9 55 theme initial 1348:1354 arg1 activity 1363:1370 the initial enzyme activity 1344:1370 the initial enzyme activity 1344:1370 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 3 56 theme extracellular 617:629 arg1 activity 642:649 extracellular amylolytic activity 617:649 extracellular amylolytic activity 617:649 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 1 57 dep Thermus 204:210 arg1 thermophilus 212:223 thermophilus 212:223 thermophilus 212:223 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 5 58 theme enzyme 1019:1024 arg1 production 1026:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 1 59 theme HB8 225:227 arg1 potential 191:199 the potential 187:199 the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme 187:306 The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Thermus thermophilus HB8 for accumulating a high level of extracellular, thermostable amylolytic enzyme. 29260387 4 60 theme composition 788:798 arg1 level 733:737 the optimal level 721:737 the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 721:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 3 61 theme attractive 675:684 arg1 titers 693:698 industrially attractive enzyme titers 662:698 industrially attractive enzyme titers 662:698 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 3 62 theme amylolytic 631:640 arg1 activity 642:649 extracellular amylolytic activity 617:649 extracellular amylolytic activity 617:649 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 0 63 theme amylolytic 68:77 arg1 enzyme 79:84 an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme 34:84 enzyme 79:84 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 3 64 theme enzyme 686:691 arg1 titers 693:698 industrially attractive enzyme titers 662:698 industrially attractive enzyme titers 662:698 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 4 65 theme extracellular 831:843 arg1 accumulation 863:874 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 831:874 extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation 831:874 Focus was placed on the optimal level of initial biomass concentration, culture medium composition and temperature for maximizing extracellular amylolytic enzyme accumulation. 29260387 5 66 from effects 929:935 arg1 production 1026:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 extracellular amylolytic enzyme production 994:1035 Empirical models were then developed describing the effects of the experimental parameters and their interactions on extracellular amylolytic enzyme production. 29260387 3 67 theme optimization 518:529 arg1 strategy 531:538 A sequential optimization strategy 505:538 A sequential optimization strategy 505:538 A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was used to enhance greatly the production of extracellular amylolytic activity to achieve industrially attractive enzyme titers. 29260387 9 68 theme high 1455:1458 arg1 thermostability 1460:1474 the very high thermostability 1446:1474 the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation 1446:1500 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 0 69 theme thermostable 55:66 arg1 enzyme 79:84 an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme 34:84 enzyme 79:84 Optimization of the production of an extracellular and thermostable amylolytic enzyme by Thermus thermophilus HB8 and basic characterization. 29260387 9 70 theme activity 1363:1370 arg1 activity 1363:1370 the initial enzyme activity 1344:1370 the initial enzyme activity 1344:1370 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 9 70 theme activity 1363:1370 arg1 % 1339:1339 100% 1336:1339 100% of the initial enzyme activity 1336:1370 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 29260387 9 71 dep 24 h 1412:1415 arg1 proving 1438:1444 proving 1438:1444 proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation 1438:1500 100% of the initial enzyme activity could be recovered after incubation for 24 h at 80 °C, therefore, proving the very high thermostability of the enzyme preparation. 26652382 0 0 theme morphogenetic 87:99 arg1 protein-2 101:109 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 72:109 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 2 1 theme bone 370:373 arg1 regeneration 375:386 bone regeneration 370:386 bone regeneration 370:386 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 0 2 theme bone 82:85 arg1 protein-2 101:109 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 72:109 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 7 3 theme osteoconductive 1414:1428 arg1 composition 1430:1440 its osteoconductive composition 1410:1440 its osteoconductive composition 1410:1440 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 4 4 theme membrane 812:819 arg1 behaviors 781:789 the cellular behaviors 768:789 the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane 768:819 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 4 5 theme BMP-2 665:669 arg1 BMP-2 665:669 BMP-2 665:669 BMP-2 665:669 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 4 5 theme BMP-2 665:669 arg1 less 714:717 less 714:717 less 714:717 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 4 5 theme BMP-2 665:669 arg1 amount 655:660 The amount 651:660 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane 651:708 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 7 6 theme successful 1377:1386 arg1 delivery 1388:1395 the successful delivery 1373:1395 the successful delivery of BMP-2 1373:1404 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 7 7 theme bone 1344:1347 arg1 process 1357:1363 the bone healing process 1340:1363 the bone healing process 1340:1363 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 0 8 theme protein-2 101:109 arg1 delivery 111:118 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 5 9 theme excellent 915:923 arg1 affinity 925:932 excellent affinity 915:932 excellent affinity toward BMP-2 915:945 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 6 10 theme hybrid 1210:1215 arg1 membrane 1217:1224 the hybrid membrane 1206:1224 the hybrid membrane without BMP-2 1206:1238 Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that bone regeneration was significantly enhanced when using the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 as compared to the hybrid membrane without BMP-2. 26652382 3 11 theme hybrid 541:546 arg1 membrane 548:555 the hybrid membrane 537:555 the hybrid membrane 537:555 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 3 12 theme pure 485:488 arg1 membrane 499:506 the pure chitosan membrane 481:506 the pure chitosan membrane 481:506 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 5 13 theme hybrid 1041:1046 arg1 membrane 1048:1055 the hybrid membrane 1037:1055 the hybrid membrane 1037:1055 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 3 14 from effect 517:522 arg1 ability 588:594 its bone healing ability 571:594 its bone healing ability 571:594 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 2 15 theme membrane 292:299 arg1 hybrid 265:270 a hybrid 263:270 a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane 263:299 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 3 16 theme BMP-2 448:452 arg1 carrier 437:443 a carrier 435:443 a carrier of BMP-2 435:452 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 3 17 theme membrane 423:430 arg1 characteristics 393:407 The characteristics 389:407 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 389:452 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 5 18 theme membrane 1048:1055 arg1 responses 1024:1032 the cellular responses 1011:1032 the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane 1011:1055 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 2 19 theme chitosan-xerogel 275:290 arg1 membrane 292:299 chitosan-xerogel membrane 275:299 chitosan-xerogel membrane 275:299 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 0 20 theme bony 12:15 arg1 healing 24:30 bony defect healing 12:30 bony defect healing 12:30 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 7 21 theme BMP-2 1400:1404 arg1 composition 1430:1440 its osteoconductive composition 1410:1440 its osteoconductive composition 1410:1440 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 7 21 theme BMP-2 1400:1404 arg1 delivery 1388:1395 the successful delivery 1373:1395 the successful delivery of BMP-2 1373:1404 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 4 22 theme chitosan 803:810 arg1 membrane 812:819 the pure chitosan membrane 794:819 the pure chitosan membrane 794:819 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 5 23 from improvement 996:1006 arg1 responses 1024:1032 the cellular responses 1011:1032 the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane 1011:1055 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 7 24 theme healing 1349:1355 arg1 process 1357:1363 the bone healing process 1340:1363 the bone healing process 1340:1363 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 4 25 theme pure 798:801 arg1 membrane 812:819 the pure chitosan membrane 794:819 the pure chitosan membrane 794:819 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 2 26 theme morphogenetic 324:336 arg1 BMP-2 349:353 BMP-2 349:353 BMP-2 349:353 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 2 26 theme morphogenetic 324:336 arg1 protein-2 338:346 bone morphogenetic protein-2 319:346 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 319:354 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 1 27 theme bone 199:202 arg1 regeneration 204:215 bone regeneration 199:215 bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials 199:245 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors have been widely applied to promote bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials. 26652382 4 28 theme cellular 772:779 arg1 behaviors 781:789 the cellular behaviors 768:789 the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane 768:819 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 2 29 theme bone 319:322 arg1 BMP-2 349:353 BMP-2 349:353 BMP-2 349:353 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 2 29 theme bone 319:322 arg1 protein-2 338:346 bone morphogenetic protein-2 319:346 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 319:354 In this study, a hybrid of chitosan-xerogel membrane was combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for enhancing bone regeneration. 26652382 0 30 theme defect 17:22 arg1 healing 24:30 bony defect healing 12:30 bony defect healing 12:30 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 4 31 theme hybrid 736:741 arg1 membrane 743:750 the hybrid membrane 732:750 the hybrid membrane 732:750 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 3 32 theme in 629:630 arg1 tests 644:648 in vitro and in vivo animal tests 616:648 in vitro and in vivo animal tests 616:648 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 1 33 theme Therapeutic 121:131 arg1 agents 133:138 Therapeutic agents 121:138 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors 121:161 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors have been widely applied to promote bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials. 26652382 1 33 theme Therapeutic 121:131 arg1 factors 155:161 growth factors 148:161 growth factors 148:161 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors have been widely applied to promote bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials. 26652382 0 34 theme chitosan/silica 35:49 arg1 membrane 58:65 chitosan/silica hybrid membrane 35:65 chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 35:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 1 35 with regeneration 204:215 arg1 biomaterials 234:245 implantable biomaterials 222:245 implantable biomaterials 222:245 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors have been widely applied to promote bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials. 26652382 5 36 theme cellular 1015:1022 arg1 responses 1024:1032 the cellular responses 1011:1032 the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane 1011:1055 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 3 37 theme healing 580:586 arg1 ability 588:594 its bone healing ability 571:594 its bone healing ability 571:594 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 1 38 theme implantable 222:232 arg1 biomaterials 234:245 implantable biomaterials 222:245 implantable biomaterials 222:245 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors have been widely applied to promote bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials. 26652382 7 39 theme hybrid 1272:1277 arg1 efficient 1296:1304 efficient 1296:1304 efficient 1296:1304 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 7 39 theme hybrid 1272:1277 arg1 membrane 1279:1286 the hybrid membrane 1268:1286 the hybrid membrane 1268:1286 These results suggest that the hybrid membrane is very efficient in carrying BMP-2 and accelerates the bone healing process through the successful delivery of BMP-2 and its osteoconductive composition. 26652382 3 40 dep in 616:617 arg1 vitro 619:623 vitro 619:623 vitro 619:623 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 3 41 theme hybrid 416:421 arg1 membrane 423:430 the hybrid membrane 412:430 the hybrid membrane 412:430 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 5 42 theme BMP-2 970:974 arg1 adsorption 956:965 the adsorption 952:965 the adsorption of BMP-2 952:974 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 3 43 theme chitosan 490:497 arg1 membrane 499:506 the pure chitosan membrane 481:506 the pure chitosan membrane 481:506 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 0 44 theme hybrid 51:56 arg1 membrane 58:65 chitosan/silica hybrid membrane 35:65 chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 35:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 3 45 theme bone 575:578 arg1 ability 588:594 its bone healing ability 571:594 its bone healing ability 571:594 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 6 46 theme hybrid 1164:1169 arg1 membrane 1171:1178 the hybrid membrane 1160:1178 the hybrid membrane 1160:1178 Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that bone regeneration was significantly enhanced when using the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 as compared to the hybrid membrane without BMP-2. 26652382 4 47 theme protein 856:862 arg1 treatment 864:872 the protein treatment 852:872 the protein treatment 852:872 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 5 48 theme dramatic 987:994 arg1 improvement 996:1006 a dramatic improvement 985:1006 a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane 985:1055 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 4 49 theme chitosan 692:699 arg1 membrane 701:708 the pure chitosan membrane 683:708 the pure chitosan membrane 683:708 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 5 50 theme hybrid 892:897 arg1 membrane 899:906 the hybrid membrane 888:906 the hybrid membrane 888:906 In contrast, the hybrid membrane showed excellent affinity toward BMP-2, and the adsorption of BMP-2 elicited a dramatic improvement in the cellular responses of the hybrid membrane. 26652382 6 51 theme bone 1104:1107 arg1 regeneration 1109:1120 bone regeneration 1104:1120 bone regeneration 1104:1120 Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that bone regeneration was significantly enhanced when using the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 as compared to the hybrid membrane without BMP-2. 26652382 3 52 theme animal 637:642 arg1 tests 644:648 in vitro and in vivo animal tests 616:648 in vitro and in vivo animal tests 616:648 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 3 53 theme in 616:617 arg1 tests 644:648 in vitro and in vivo animal tests 616:648 in vitro and in vivo animal tests 616:648 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26652382 0 54 with membrane 58:65 arg1 delivery 111:118 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 1 55 theme growth 148:153 arg1 factors 155:161 growth factors 148:161 growth factors 148:161 Therapeutic agents such as growth factors have been widely applied to promote bone regeneration with implantable biomaterials. 26652382 6 56 theme in 1072:1073 arg1 study 1080:1084 the in vivo study 1068:1084 the in vivo study 1068:1084 Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that bone regeneration was significantly enhanced when using the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 as compared to the hybrid membrane without BMP-2. 26652382 4 57 theme pure 687:690 arg1 membrane 701:708 the pure chitosan membrane 683:708 the pure chitosan membrane 683:708 The amount of BMP-2 adsorbed on the pure chitosan membrane was less than that on the hybrid membrane and, therefore, the cellular behaviors of the pure chitosan membrane were only slightly improved by the protein treatment. 26652382 0 58 theme localized 72:80 arg1 protein-2 101:109 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 72:109 localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery 72:118 Accelerated bony defect healing by chitosan/silica hybrid membrane with localized bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. 26652382 6 59 dep in 1072:1073 arg1 vivo 1075:1078 vivo 1075:1078 vivo 1075:1078 Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that bone regeneration was significantly enhanced when using the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 as compared to the hybrid membrane without BMP-2. 26652382 3 60 dep in 629:630 arg1 vivo 632:635 vivo 632:635 vivo 632:635 The characteristics of the hybrid membrane as a carrier of BMP-2 were compared with that of the pure chitosan membrane, and the effect of combining the hybrid membrane with BMP-2 on its bone healing ability was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo animal tests. 26076625 8 0 theme new 1320:1322 arg1 method 1324:1329 a new method 1318:1329 a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields 1318:1413 Since CNCs, gelatin and glycerol are all bio-based, this study offers a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields. 26076625 5 1 from dispersion 821:830 arg1 matrix 846:851 GG matrix 843:851 GG matrix 843:851 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 1 2 theme saving 185:190 arg1 demand 137:142 the growing demand 125:142 the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving 125:190 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 8 3 theme performance 1347:1357 arg1 DE 1359:1360 high performance DE 1342:1360 high performance DE 1342:1360 Since CNCs, gelatin and glycerol are all bio-based, this study offers a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields. 26076625 5 4 theme good 747:750 arg1 adhesion 764:771 A good interfacial adhesion 745:771 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG 745:791 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 7 5 from field 1198:1202 arg1 increase 1150:1157 a 230% increase 1143:1157 a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG 1143:1208 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 7 5 from field 1198:1202 arg1 result 1135:1140 a result 1133:1140 a result 1133:1140 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 5 6 dep formed 797:802 arg1 obtained 857:864 obtained 857:864 obtained 857:864 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 5 7 from matrix 846:851 arg1 dispersion 821:830 a good dispersion 814:830 a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix 814:851 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 4 8 theme gelatin 664:670 arg1 molecules 672:680 gelatin molecules 664:680 gelatin molecules 664:680 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 2 9 theme GG 343:344 arg1 elastomer 347:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 2 9 theme GG 343:344 arg1 matrix 367:372 the DE matrix 360:372 the DE matrix 360:372 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 6 10 theme bonds 1112:1116 arg1 disruption 1089:1098 the disruption 1085:1098 the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 1085:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 8 11 from application 1370:1380 arg1 fields 1408:1413 biological and medical fields 1385:1413 biological and medical fields 1385:1413 Since CNCs, gelatin and glycerol are all bio-based, this study offers a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields. 26076625 5 12 theme GG 843:844 arg1 matrix 846:851 GG matrix 843:851 GG matrix 843:851 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 3 13 theme GG 545:546 arg1 elastomer 548:556 GG elastomer 545:556 GG elastomer 545:556 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 6 14 theme gelatin 1060:1066 arg1 chains 1068:1073 gelatin chains 1060:1073 gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 1060:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 5 15 theme GG 914:915 arg1 strength 902:909 the improved mechanical strength 878:909 the improved mechanical strength of GG 878:915 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 3 16 theme mechanical 522:531 arg1 strength 533:540 the mechanical strength 518:540 the mechanical strength of GG elastomer 518:556 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 4 17 theme new 693:695 arg1 bonds 715:719 new stronger hydrogen bonds 693:719 new stronger hydrogen bonds 693:719 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 8 18 theme high 1342:1345 arg1 DE 1359:1360 high performance DE 1342:1360 high performance DE 1342:1360 Since CNCs, gelatin and glycerol are all bio-based, this study offers a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields. 26076625 4 19 theme large 595:599 arg1 number 601:606 a large number 593:606 a large number of hydroxyl groups 593:625 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 7 20 theme wt 1235:1236 arg1 CNCs 1242:1245 CNCs 1242:1245 CNCs 1242:1245 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 7 20 theme wt 1235:1236 arg1 % 1237:1237 5 wt% 1233:1237 5 wt% of CNCs 1233:1245 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 6 21 theme wt 997:998 arg1 CNCs 1004:1007 CNCs 1004:1007 CNCs 1004:1007 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 6 21 theme wt 997:998 arg1 % 999:999 5 wt% 995:999 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 995:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 2 22 theme high 394:397 arg1 constant 410:417 high dielectric constant 394:417 high dielectric constant (ɛr) 394:422 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 2 22 theme high 394:397 arg1 ɛr 420:421 ɛr 420:421 ɛr 420:421 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 5 23 theme interfacial 752:762 arg1 adhesion 764:771 A good interfacial adhesion 745:771 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG 745:791 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 7 24 theme low 1185:1187 arg1 field 1198:1202 low electric field 1185:1202 low electric field of GG 1185:1208 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 6 25 theme elastomer 951:959 arg1 ɛr 942:943 the ɛr 938:943 the ɛr of GG elastomer 938:959 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 6 26 theme CNCs 1004:1007 arg1 CNCs 1004:1007 CNCs 1004:1007 CNCs 1004:1007 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 6 26 theme CNCs 1004:1007 arg1 % 999:999 5 wt% 995:999 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 995:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 4 27 theme groups 620:625 arg1 number 601:606 a large number 593:606 a large number of hydroxyl groups 593:625 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 0 28 theme electromechanical 9:25 arg1 performance 27:37 electromechanical performance 9:37 electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 9:88 Enhanced electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer by cellulose nanocrystals. 26076625 6 29 theme chains 1068:1073 arg1 polarizability 1042:1055 the polarizability 1038:1055 the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 1038:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 7 30 from increase 1150:1157 arg1 strain 1175:1180 the actuated strain 1162:1180 the actuated strain 1162:1180 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 2 31 theme gelatin/glycerin 325:340 arg1 elastomer 347:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 2 31 theme gelatin/glycerin 325:340 arg1 matrix 367:372 the DE matrix 360:372 the DE matrix 360:372 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 4 32 theme hydrogen 641:648 arg1 bonds 650:654 the hydrogen bonds 637:654 the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules 637:680 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 6 33 theme hydrogen 1103:1110 arg1 bonds 1112:1116 hydrogen bonds 1103:1116 hydrogen bonds 1103:1116 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 5 34 theme good 816:819 arg1 dispersion 821:830 a good dispersion 814:830 a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix 814:851 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 2 35 theme bio-based 315:323 arg1 elastomer 347:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 2 35 theme bio-based 315:323 arg1 matrix 367:372 the DE matrix 360:372 the DE matrix 360:372 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 5 36 theme CNCs 835:838 arg1 dispersion 821:830 a good dispersion 814:830 a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix 814:851 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 4 37 theme hydrogen 706:713 arg1 bonds 715:719 new stronger hydrogen bonds 693:719 new stronger hydrogen bonds 693:719 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 6 38 theme gelatin 1121:1127 arg1 disruption 1089:1098 the disruption 1085:1098 the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 1085:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 4 39 theme gelatin 726:732 arg1 molecules 734:742 gelatin molecules 726:742 gelatin molecules 726:742 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 3 40 theme elastomer 548:556 arg1 strength 533:540 the mechanical strength 518:540 the mechanical strength of GG elastomer 518:556 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 8 41 theme biological 1385:1394 arg1 fields 1408:1413 biological and medical fields 1385:1413 biological and medical fields 1385:1413 Since CNCs, gelatin and glycerol are all bio-based, this study offers a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields. 26076625 5 42 theme improved 882:889 arg1 strength 902:909 the improved mechanical strength 878:909 the improved mechanical strength of GG 878:915 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 1 43 theme growing 129:135 arg1 demand 137:142 the growing demand 125:142 the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving 125:190 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 1 44 theme bio-based 221:229 arg1 elastomers 272:281 next-generation dielectric elastomers 245:281 next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs) 245:287 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 1 44 theme bio-based 221:229 arg1 elastomers 231:240 bio-based elastomers 221:240 bio-based elastomers 221:240 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 0 45 theme gelatin/glycerin 52:67 arg1 elastomer 80:88 bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 42:88 bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 42:88 Enhanced electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer by cellulose nanocrystals. 26076625 7 46 theme actuated 1166:1173 arg1 strain 1175:1180 the actuated strain 1162:1180 the actuated strain 1162:1180 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 4 47 theme hydroxyl 611:618 arg1 groups 620:625 hydroxyl groups 611:625 hydroxyl groups 611:625 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 0 48 theme bio-based 42:50 arg1 elastomer 80:88 bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 42:88 bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 42:88 Enhanced electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer by cellulose nanocrystals. 26076625 8 49 theme medical 1400:1406 arg1 fields 1408:1413 biological and medical fields 1385:1413 biological and medical fields 1385:1413 Since CNCs, gelatin and glycerol are all bio-based, this study offers a new method to prepare high performance DE for its application in biological and medical fields. 26076625 7 50 theme CNCs 1242:1245 arg1 CNCs 1242:1245 CNCs 1242:1245 CNCs 1242:1245 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 7 50 theme CNCs 1242:1245 arg1 % 1237:1237 5 wt% 1233:1237 5 wt% of CNCs 1233:1245 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 6 51 from increase 1026:1033 arg1 polarizability 1042:1055 the polarizability 1038:1055 the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin 1038:1127 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 2 52 theme dielectric 399:408 arg1 constant 410:417 high dielectric constant 394:417 high dielectric constant (ɛr) 394:422 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 2 52 theme dielectric 399:408 arg1 ɛr 420:421 ɛr 420:421 ɛr 420:421 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 0 53 theme elastomer 80:88 arg1 performance 27:37 electromechanical performance 9:37 electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 9:88 Enhanced electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer by cellulose nanocrystals. 26076625 3 54 theme Cellulose 425:433 arg1 CNCs 449:452 CNCs 449:452 CNCs 449:452 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 3 54 theme Cellulose 425:433 arg1 nanocrystals 435:446 Cellulose nanocrystals 425:446 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 425:453 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 4 55 with CNCs 583:586 arg1 number 601:606 a large number 593:606 a large number of hydroxyl groups 593:625 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 3 56 theme natural 471:477 arg1 fibers 489:494 natural cellulose fibers 471:494 natural cellulose fibers 471:494 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 0 57 theme dielectric 69:78 arg1 elastomer 80:88 bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 42:88 bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer 42:88 Enhanced electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer by cellulose nanocrystals. 26076625 1 58 theme resource 176:183 arg1 saving 185:190 resource saving 176:190 resource saving 176:190 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 3 59 theme cellulose 479:487 arg1 fibers 489:494 natural cellulose fibers 471:494 natural cellulose fibers 471:494 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 2 60 used used 308:311 arg2 we 305:306 we 305:306 we 305:306 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 7 61 theme 230 1145:1147 arg1 % 1148:1148 % 1148:1148 % 1148:1148 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 1 62 theme environmental 147:159 arg1 protection 161:170 environmental protection 147:170 environmental protection 147:170 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 5 63 theme mechanical 891:900 arg1 strength 902:909 the improved mechanical strength 878:909 the improved mechanical strength of GG 878:915 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 1 64 theme next-generation 245:259 arg1 elastomers 272:281 next-generation dielectric elastomers 245:281 next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs) 245:287 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 1 64 theme next-generation 245:259 arg1 elastomers 231:240 bio-based elastomers 221:240 bio-based elastomers 221:240 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 1 64 theme next-generation 245:259 arg1 DEs 284:286 DEs 284:286 DEs 284:286 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 4 65 theme stronger 697:704 arg1 bonds 715:719 new stronger hydrogen bonds 693:719 new stronger hydrogen bonds 693:719 The results showed that CNCs with a large number of hydroxyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonds between gelatin molecules and formed new stronger hydrogen bonds with gelatin molecules. 26076625 1 66 theme protection 161:170 arg1 demand 137:142 the growing demand 125:142 the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving 125:190 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 7 67 theme electric 1189:1196 arg1 field 1198:1202 low electric field 1185:1202 low electric field of GG 1185:1208 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 1 68 theme dielectric 261:270 arg1 elastomers 272:281 next-generation dielectric elastomers 245:281 next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs) 245:287 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 1 68 theme dielectric 261:270 arg1 elastomers 231:240 bio-based elastomers 221:240 bio-based elastomers 221:240 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 1 68 theme dielectric 261:270 arg1 DEs 284:286 DEs 284:286 DEs 284:286 To meet the growing demand of environmental protection and resource saving, it is imperative to explore bio-based elastomers as next-generation dielectric elastomers (DEs). 26076625 0 69 theme cellulose 93:101 arg1 nanocrystals 103:114 cellulose nanocrystals 93:114 cellulose nanocrystals 93:114 Enhanced electromechanical performance of bio-based gelatin/glycerin dielectric elastomer by cellulose nanocrystals. 26076625 3 70 used used 502:505 arg2 CNCs 449:452 CNCs 449:452 CNCs 449:452 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 3 70 used used 502:505 arg2 nanocrystals 435:446 Cellulose nanocrystals 425:446 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 425:453 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural cellulose fibers, were used to improve the mechanical strength of GG elastomer. 26076625 5 71 from CNCs 835:838 arg1 matrix 846:851 GG matrix 843:851 GG matrix 843:851 A good interfacial adhesion between CNCs and GG was formed, and thus a good dispersion of CNCs in GG matrix was obtained, leading to the improved mechanical strength of GG. 26076625 7 72 theme GG 1207:1208 arg1 field 1198:1202 low electric field 1185:1202 low electric field of GG 1185:1208 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 6 73 theme GG 948:949 arg1 elastomer 951:959 GG elastomer 948:959 GG elastomer 948:959 More interestingly, the ɛr of GG elastomer was obviously increased by adding 5 wt% of CNCs, ascribed to the increase in the polarizability of gelatin chains caused by the disruption of hydrogen bonds of gelatin. 26076625 7 74 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 increase 1150:1157 a 230% increase 1143:1157 a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG 1143:1208 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 7 74 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 result 1135:1140 a result 1133:1140 a result 1133:1140 As a result, a 230% increase in the actuated strain at low electric field of GG was obtained by adding 5 wt% of CNCs. 26076625 2 75 theme DE 364:365 arg1 elastomer 347:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer 313:355 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 26076625 2 75 theme DE 364:365 arg1 matrix 367:372 the DE matrix 360:372 the DE matrix 360:372 In this study, we used a bio-based gelatin/glycerin (GG) elastomer as the DE matrix because GG exhibits high dielectric constant (ɛr). 28576057 8 0 dep crystallinity 1273:1285 arg1 the 1269:1271 the 1269:1271 the 1269:1271 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 2 1 theme CoFe2O4 357:363 arg1 NPs 380:382 NPs 380:382 NPs 380:382 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 1 theme CoFe2O4 357:363 arg1 nanoparticles 365:377 already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles 340:377 second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 324:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 2 theme hollow 476:481 arg1 M2 492:493 M2 492:493 M2 492:493 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 2 theme hollow 476:481 arg1 spheres 483:489 the hollow spheres 472:489 the hollow spheres (M2) 472:494 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 7 3 theme surface 1066:1072 arg1 size 1099:1102 the average particle size 1078:1102 the average particle size of the spheres 1078:1117 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 7 3 theme surface 1066:1072 arg1 structure 1049:1057 The structure 1045:1057 The structure of the surface 1045:1072 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 1 4 theme different 152:160 arg1 approaches 162:171 two different approaches 148:171 two different approaches using the solvothermal method 148:201 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 8 5 theme magnetic 1314:1321 arg1 properties 1323:1332 magnetic properties 1314:1332 magnetic properties 1314:1332 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 3 6 theme samples 530:536 arg1 identification 508:521 Structural identification 497:521 Structural identification of the samples 497:536 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 2 7 dep approach 331:338 arg1 NPs 380:382 NPs 380:382 NPs 380:382 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 7 dep approach 331:338 arg1 nanoparticles 365:377 already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles 340:377 second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 324:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 7 8 theme CoFe2O4 1178:1184 arg1 component 1186:1194 the CoFe2O4 component 1174:1194 the CoFe2O4 component 1174:1194 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 5 9 theme hollow 912:917 arg1 sphere 919:924 the hollow sphere 908:924 the hollow sphere 908:924 The presence of chitosan on the hollow sphere was confirmed by FTIR. 28576057 2 10 theme solvothermal 290:301 arg1 M1 313:314 M1 313:314 M1 313:314 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 10 theme solvothermal 290:301 arg1 reaction 303:310 the solvothermal reaction 286:310 the solvothermal reaction (M1) 286:315 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 9 11 theme structural 1454:1463 arg1 properties 1478:1487 structural and magnetic properties 1454:1487 structural and magnetic properties 1454:1487 This work demonstrates that the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have better structural and magnetic properties. 28576057 6 12 theme synthesized 982:992 arg1 samples 994:1000 the synthesized samples 978:1000 the synthesized samples 978:1000 The XRD analyses proved that the synthesized samples were cobalt ferrite with spinel structure. 28576057 6 12 theme synthesized 982:992 arg1 ferrite 1014:1020 ferrite 1014:1020 ferrite 1014:1020 The XRD analyses proved that the synthesized samples were cobalt ferrite with spinel structure. 28576057 1 13 theme Cobalt 71:76 arg1 spheres 93:99 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres 71:99 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) 71:126 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 3 14 theme transmission 671:682 arg1 TEM 705:707 TEM 705:707 TEM 705:707 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 14 theme transmission 671:682 arg1 microscopy 693:702 transmission electron microscopy 671:702 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 671:708 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 14 theme transmission 671:682 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 7 15 theme average 1082:1088 arg1 size 1099:1102 the average particle size 1078:1102 the average particle size of the spheres 1078:1117 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 1 16 theme ferrite 78:84 arg1 spheres 93:99 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres 71:99 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) 71:126 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 2 17 from incorporation 240:252 arg1 approach 331:338 second approach 324:338 second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 324:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 17 from incorporation 240:252 arg1 M1 313:314 M1 313:314 M1 313:314 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 17 from incorporation 240:252 arg1 reaction 303:310 the solvothermal reaction 286:310 the solvothermal reaction (M1) 286:315 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 18 theme solvothermal 442:453 arg1 reaction 455:462 the solvothermal reaction 438:462 the solvothermal reaction 438:462 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 3 19 theme electron 684:691 arg1 TEM 705:707 TEM 705:707 TEM 705:707 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 19 theme electron 684:691 arg1 microscopy 693:702 transmission electron microscopy 671:702 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 671:708 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 19 theme electron 684:691 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 1 20 theme hollow 86:91 arg1 spheres 93:99 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres 71:99 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) 71:126 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 4 21 theme vibrating 843:851 arg1 magnetometer 860:871 a vibrating sample magnetometer 841:871 a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 841:877 The magnetic properties were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 28576057 4 21 theme vibrating 843:851 arg1 VSM 874:876 VSM 874:876 VSM 874:876 The magnetic properties were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 28576057 0 22 theme Solvothermal 0:11 arg1 synthesis 13:21 Solvothermal synthesis 0:21 Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt 0:31 Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan. 28576057 4 23 theme magnetic 800:807 arg1 properties 809:818 The magnetic properties 796:818 The magnetic properties 796:818 The magnetic properties were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 28576057 3 24 theme electron 644:651 arg1 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 24 theme electron 644:651 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 24 theme electron 644:651 arg1 microscopy 653:662 scanning electron microscopy 635:662 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 635:668 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 1 25 theme solvothermal 183:194 arg1 method 196:201 the solvothermal method 179:201 the solvothermal method 179:201 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 0 26 theme cobalt 26:31 arg1 synthesis 13:21 Solvothermal synthesis 0:21 Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt 0:31 Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan. 28576057 3 27 theme thermogravimetric 711:727 arg1 DSC-TGA 739:745 DSC-TGA 739:745 DSC-TGA 739:745 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 27 theme thermogravimetric 711:727 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 27 theme thermogravimetric 711:727 arg1 analyses 729:736 thermogravimetric analyses 711:736 thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) 711:746 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 5 28 theme chitosan 896:903 arg1 presence 884:891 The presence 880:891 The presence of chitosan on the hollow sphere 880:924 The presence of chitosan on the hollow sphere was confirmed by FTIR. 28576057 1 29 with spheres 93:99 arg1 CoFe2O4/CS 116:125 CoFe2O4/CS 116:125 CoFe2O4/CS 116:125 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 1 29 with spheres 93:99 arg1 chitosan 106:113 chitosan 106:113 chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) 106:126 Cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan (CoFe2O4/CS) were synthesized by two different approaches using the solvothermal method. 28576057 9 30 theme synthesized 1418:1428 arg1 NPs 1438:1440 the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs 1411:1440 the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs 1411:1440 This work demonstrates that the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have better structural and magnetic properties. 28576057 2 31 theme prepared 348:355 arg1 NPs 380:382 NPs 380:382 NPs 380:382 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 31 theme prepared 348:355 arg1 nanoparticles 365:377 already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles 340:377 second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 324:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 32 dep approach 214:221 arg1 involves 223:230 involves 223:230 involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 223:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 0 33 theme hollow 41:46 arg1 spheres 48:54 hollow spheres 41:54 hollow spheres 41:54 Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt ferrite hollow spheres with chitosan. 28576057 9 34 contain have 1442:1445 arg2 properties 1478:1487 structural and magnetic properties 1454:1487 structural and magnetic properties 1454:1487 This work demonstrates that the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have better structural and magnetic properties. 28576057 9 34 contain have 1442:1445 arg1 CoFe2O4/CS 1385:1394 the CoFe2O4/CS 1381:1394 the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs 1381:1440 This work demonstrates that the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have better structural and magnetic properties. 28576057 7 35 theme spheres 1111:1117 arg1 size 1099:1102 the average particle size 1078:1102 the average particle size of the spheres 1078:1117 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 7 35 theme spheres 1111:1117 arg1 structure 1049:1057 The structure 1045:1057 The structure of the surface 1045:1072 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 6 36 theme spinel 1027:1032 arg1 structure 1034:1042 spinel structure 1027:1042 spinel structure 1027:1042 The XRD analyses proved that the synthesized samples were cobalt ferrite with spinel structure. 28576057 2 37 theme decomposition 403:415 arg1 method 417:422 the thermal decomposition method 391:422 the thermal decomposition method 391:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 7 38 theme particle 1090:1097 arg1 size 1099:1102 the average particle size 1078:1102 the average particle size of the spheres 1078:1117 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 8 39 theme Structural 1197:1206 arg1 characterization 1208:1223 Structural characterization 1197:1223 Structural characterization 1197:1223 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 2 40 theme in-situ 232:238 arg1 incorporation 240:252 in-situ incorporation 232:252 in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 232:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 41 theme thermal 395:401 arg1 method 417:422 the thermal decomposition method 391:422 the thermal decomposition method 391:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 5 42 attach presence 884:891 arg1 sphere 919:924 the hollow sphere 908:924 the hollow sphere 908:924 The presence of chitosan on the hollow sphere was confirmed by FTIR. 28576057 5 42 attach presence 884:891 arg2 chitosan 896:903 chitosan 896:903 chitosan 896:903 The presence of chitosan on the hollow sphere was confirmed by FTIR. 28576057 4 43 theme sample 853:858 arg1 magnetometer 860:871 a vibrating sample magnetometer 841:871 a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 841:877 The magnetic properties were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 28576057 4 43 theme sample 853:858 arg1 VSM 874:876 VSM 874:876 VSM 874:876 The magnetic properties were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 28576057 6 44 with ferrite 1014:1020 arg1 structure 1034:1042 spinel structure 1027:1042 spinel structure 1027:1042 The XRD analyses proved that the synthesized samples were cobalt ferrite with spinel structure. 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 diffraction 616:626 powder X-ray diffraction 603:626 powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) 603:632 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 FTIR 596:599 FTIR 596:599 FTIR 596:599 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 microscopy 693:702 transmission electron microscopy 671:702 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 671:708 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 analyses 729:736 thermogravimetric analyses 711:736 thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) 711:746 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 spectroscopy 776:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 752:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 752:793 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 45 theme infrared 578:585 arg1 microscopy 653:662 scanning electron microscopy 635:662 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 635:668 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 46 dep Fourier 560:566 arg1 transform 568:576 transform 568:576 transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 568:793 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 2 47 theme first 208:212 arg1 approach 214:221 The first approach 204:221 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 204:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 8 48 theme CoFe2O4/CS 1341:1350 arg1 crystallinity 1273:1285 crystallinity 1273:1285 crystallinity 1273:1285 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 8 48 theme CoFe2O4/CS 1341:1350 arg1 composition 1297:1307 chemical composition 1288:1307 chemical composition 1288:1307 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 8 48 theme CoFe2O4/CS 1341:1350 arg1 properties 1323:1332 magnetic properties 1314:1332 magnetic properties 1314:1332 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 3 49 theme powder 603:608 arg1 XRD 629:631 XRD 629:631 XRD 629:631 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 49 theme powder 603:608 arg1 diffraction 616:626 powder X-ray diffraction 603:626 powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) 603:632 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 49 theme powder 603:608 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 2 50 theme CoNO3:6H2O 272:281 arg1 incorporation 240:252 in-situ incorporation 232:252 in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 232:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 2 51 theme second 324:329 arg1 approach 331:338 second approach 324:338 second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 324:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 3 52 theme dispersive 759:768 arg1 EDX 790:792 EDX 790:792 EDX 790:792 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 52 theme dispersive 759:768 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 52 theme dispersive 759:768 arg1 spectroscopy 776:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 752:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 752:793 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 8 53 theme chemical 1288:1295 arg1 composition 1297:1307 chemical composition 1288:1307 chemical composition 1288:1307 Structural characterization demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/CS. 28576057 3 54 theme X-ray 610:614 arg1 XRD 629:631 XRD 629:631 XRD 629:631 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 54 theme X-ray 610:614 arg1 diffraction 616:626 powder X-ray diffraction 603:626 powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) 603:632 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 54 theme X-ray 610:614 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 7 55 theme component 1186:1194 arg1 scale 1165:1169 the nano scale 1156:1169 the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component 1156:1194 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 5 56 from presence 884:891 arg1 sphere 919:924 the hollow sphere 908:924 the hollow sphere 908:924 The presence of chitosan on the hollow sphere was confirmed by FTIR. 28576057 3 57 theme X-ray 770:774 arg1 EDX 790:792 EDX 790:792 EDX 790:792 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 57 theme X-ray 770:774 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 57 theme X-ray 770:774 arg1 spectroscopy 776:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 752:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 752:793 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 9 58 theme CoFe2O4 1430:1436 arg1 NPs 1438:1440 the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs 1411:1440 the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs 1411:1440 This work demonstrates that the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have better structural and magnetic properties. 28576057 3 59 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 59 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 59 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 microscopy 653:662 scanning electron microscopy 635:662 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 635:668 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 2 60 theme FeCl3:6H2O 257:266 arg1 incorporation 240:252 in-situ incorporation 232:252 in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method 232:422 The first approach involves in-situ incorporation of FeCl3:6H2O and CoNO3:6H2O in the solvothermal reaction (M1) and in second approach already prepared CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using the thermal decomposition method was placed in the solvothermal reaction to form the hollow spheres (M2). 28576057 3 61 theme Structural 497:506 arg1 identification 508:521 Structural identification 497:521 Structural identification of the samples 497:536 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 6 62 theme XRD 953:955 arg1 analyses 957:964 The XRD analyses 949:964 The XRD analyses 949:964 The XRD analyses proved that the synthesized samples were cobalt ferrite with spinel structure. 28576057 9 63 theme magnetic 1469:1476 arg1 properties 1478:1487 structural and magnetic properties 1454:1487 structural and magnetic properties 1454:1487 This work demonstrates that the CoFe2O4/CS prepared using the as synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have better structural and magnetic properties. 28576057 7 64 theme nano 1160:1163 arg1 scale 1165:1169 the nano scale 1156:1169 the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component 1156:1194 The structure of the surface and the average particle size of the spheres were observed by SEM and TEM showing the nano scale of the CoFe2O4 component. 28576057 3 65 theme energy 752:757 arg1 EDX 790:792 EDX 790:792 EDX 790:792 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 65 theme energy 752:757 arg1 spectra 587:593 infrared spectra 578:593 infrared spectra (FTIR) 578:600 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 28576057 3 65 theme energy 752:757 arg1 spectroscopy 776:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 752:787 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 752:793 Structural identification of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (DSC-TGA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 26268558 9 0 theme solution 1869:1876 arg1 structure 1878:1886 the IgA1 solution structure 1860:1886 the IgA1 solution structure 1860:1886 Whereas no link between O-galactosylation and the IgA1 solution structure was detected, an increase in IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation may relate to IgAN. 26268558 6 1 theme scattering 1230:1239 arg1 curves 1241:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 3 2 theme solution 459:466 arg1 structures 468:477 the solution structures 455:477 the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject 455:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 8 3 theme Fc 1670:1671 arg1 regions 1673:1679 the Fab and Fc regions 1658:1679 regions 1673:1679 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 1 4 theme hinge 244:248 arg1 region 250:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region 213:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions 213:289 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 1 5 contain contains 204:211 arg2 region 250:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region 213:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions 213:289 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 1 5 contain contains 204:211 arg1 IgA1 157:160 Native IgA1 150:160 Native IgA1 150:160 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 6 6 theme atomistic 1090:1098 arg1 procedure 1110:1118 A new atomistic modelling procedure 1084:1118 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves 1084:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 4 7 with monomeric 673:681 arg1 s 724:724 s(0)20 724:729 s(0)20 724:729 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 4 7 with monomeric 673:681 arg1 coefficients 710:721 similar sedimentation coefficients 688:721 similar sedimentation coefficients 688:721 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 6 8 theme individual 1206:1215 arg1 curves 1241:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 3 9 from structures 468:477 arg1 subject 512:518 a healthy subject 502:518 a healthy subject 502:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 3 10 theme IgA1 492:495 arg1 structures 468:477 the solution structures 455:477 the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject 455:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 3 10 theme IgA1 492:495 arg1 patients 535:542 three IgAN patients 524:542 three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels 524:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 6 11 theme IgA1 1181:1184 arg1 structures 1186:1195 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures 1146:1195 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves 1146:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 4 12 with unchanged 920:928 arg1 concentration 935:947 concentration 935:947 concentration 935:947 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 9 13 theme IgA1 1917:1920 arg1 aggregation 1922:1932 IgA1 aggregation 1917:1932 IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation 1917:1963 Whereas no link between O-galactosylation and the IgA1 solution structure was detected, an increase in IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation may relate to IgAN. 26268558 4 14 theme distribution 888:899 arg1 P 909:909 P 909:909 P(r) 909:912 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 4 14 theme distribution 888:899 arg1 curves 901:906 their distance distribution curves 873:906 their distance distribution curves 873:906 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 6 15 theme conformationally-randomized 1153:1179 arg1 structures 1186:1195 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures 1146:1195 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves 1146:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 6 16 theme solution 1283:1290 arg1 structures 1292:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures 1257:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1257:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 4 17 theme similar 688:694 arg1 s 724:724 s(0)20 724:729 s(0)20 724:729 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 4 17 theme similar 688:694 arg1 coefficients 710:721 similar sedimentation coefficients 688:721 similar sedimentation coefficients 688:721 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 6 18 theme extended 1265:1272 arg1 structures 1292:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures 1257:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1257:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 5 19 theme Rg 987:988 arg1 values 990:995 similar Rg values 979:995 similar Rg values 979:995 Neutron scattering indicated similar Rg values and P(r) curves, although IgA1 showed a propensity to aggregate in heavy water buffer. 26268558 6 20 theme experimental 1217:1228 arg1 curves 1241:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 3 21 from subject 512:518 arg1 structures 468:477 the solution structures 455:477 the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject 455:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 3 21 from subject 512:518 arg1 patients 535:542 three IgAN patients 524:542 three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels 524:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 3 21 from subject 512:518 arg1 IgA1 492:495 monomeric IgA1 482:495 monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject 482:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 6 22 with comparisons 1129:1139 arg1 structures 1186:1195 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures 1146:1195 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves 1146:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 0 23 theme human 56:60 arg1 IgA1 62:65 native and patient monomeric human IgA1 27:65 IgA1 62:65 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 3 24 theme O-galactosylation 564:580 arg1 levels 582:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 8 25 theme receptors 1786:1794 arg1 binding 1766:1772 the functionally-important binding 1739:1772 the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region 1739:1811 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 7 26 theme little 1545:1550 arg1 effect 1552:1557 little effect 1545:1557 little effect 1545:1557 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 0 27 theme extended 85:92 arg1 structures 94:103 asymmetric extended structures 74:103 asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease 74:147 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 4 28 theme w. 731:732 arg1 scattering 740:749 w. X-ray scattering 731:749 w. X-ray scattering 731:749 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 2 29 theme disease 352:358 arg1 nephropathy 296:306 IgA nephropathy 292:306 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 292:313 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 2 29 theme disease 352:358 arg1 cause 328:332 a leading cause 318:332 a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries 318:381 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 7 30 theme solution 1566:1573 arg1 structure 1575:1583 the solution structure 1562:1583 the solution structure 1562:1583 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 2 31 theme chronic 337:343 arg1 disease 352:358 chronic kidney disease 337:358 chronic kidney disease 337:358 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 3 32 from patients 535:542 arg1 subject 512:518 a healthy subject 502:518 a healthy subject 502:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 2 33 theme developed 363:371 arg1 countries 373:381 developed countries 363:381 developed countries 363:381 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 0 34 theme native 27:32 arg1 IgA1 62:65 native and patient monomeric human IgA1 27:65 IgA1 62:65 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 1 35 theme Fc 280:281 arg1 regions 283:289 its Fab and Fc regions 268:289 regions 283:289 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 4 36 theme gyration 777:784 arg1 radius 767:772 the radius 763:772 the radius of gyration (Rg) 763:789 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 0 37 theme patient 38:44 arg1 IgA1 62:65 native and patient monomeric human IgA1 27:65 IgA1 62:65 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 5 38 theme water 1070:1074 arg1 buffer 1076:1081 heavy water buffer 1064:1081 heavy water buffer 1064:1081 Neutron scattering indicated similar Rg values and P(r) curves, although IgA1 showed a propensity to aggregate in heavy water buffer. 26268558 7 39 theme C-terminal 1463:1472 arg1 undefined 1503:1511 undefined 1503:1511 undefined 1503:1511 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 7 39 theme C-terminal 1463:1472 arg1 conformations 1484:1496 the C-terminal tailpiece conformations 1459:1496 the C-terminal tailpiece conformations 1459:1496 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 7 40 contain had 1541:1543 arg1 O-galactosylation 1523:1539 hinge O-galactosylation 1517:1539 hinge O-galactosylation 1517:1539 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 7 40 contain had 1541:1543 arg2 effect 1552:1557 little effect 1545:1557 little effect 1545:1557 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 3 41 theme O-galactosylated 424:439 arg1 region 447:452 a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region 415:452 a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region 415:452 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 3 42 from IgA1 392:395 arg1 IgAN 400:403 IgAN 400:403 IgAN 400:403 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 7 43 theme Fc 1447:1448 arg1 surface 1450:1456 the Fc surface 1443:1456 the Fc surface 1443:1456 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 9 44 theme IgA1 1864:1867 arg1 structure 1878:1886 the IgA1 solution structure 1860:1886 the IgA1 solution structure 1860:1886 Whereas no link between O-galactosylation and the IgA1 solution structure was detected, an increase in IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation may relate to IgAN. 26268558 1 45 theme 23-residue 233:242 arg1 region 250:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region 213:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions 213:289 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 3 46 with structures 468:477 arg1 levels 582:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 4 47 theme IgA1 815:818 arg1 concentration 820:832 IgA1 concentration 815:832 IgA1 concentration 815:832 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 6 48 theme new 1086:1088 arg1 procedure 1110:1118 A new atomistic modelling procedure 1084:1118 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves 1084:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 8 49 theme full-length 1614:1624 arg1 IgA1 1626:1629 full-length IgA1 1614:1629 full-length IgA1 1614:1629 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 3 50 theme monomeric 482:490 arg1 IgA1 492:495 monomeric IgA1 482:495 monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject 482:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 2 51 theme IgA 292:294 arg1 IgAN 309:312 IgAN 309:312 IgAN 309:312 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 2 51 theme IgA 292:294 arg1 nephropathy 296:306 IgA nephropathy 292:306 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 292:313 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 2 51 theme IgA 292:294 arg1 cause 328:332 a leading cause 318:332 a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries 318:381 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 2 52 from cause 328:332 arg1 countries 373:381 developed countries 363:381 developed countries 363:381 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 6 53 gly differentially-glycosylated 1316:1342 arg1 molecules 1349:1357 all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1307:1357 all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1307:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 3 54 theme healthy 504:510 arg1 subject 512:518 a healthy subject 502:518 a healthy subject 502:518 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 1 55 theme crystal 176:182 arg1 structure 184:192 no crystal structure 173:192 no crystal structure 173:192 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 3 56 contain has 411:413 arg1 IgA1 392:395 IgA1 392:395 IgA1 in IgAN 392:403 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 3 56 contain has 411:413 arg2 region 447:452 a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region 415:452 a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region 415:452 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 0 57 theme IgAN 136:139 arg1 disease 141:147 IgAN disease 136:147 IgAN disease 136:147 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 8 58 theme ample 1723:1727 arg1 space 1729:1733 ample space 1723:1733 ample space 1723:1733 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 4 59 theme distance 879:886 arg1 P 909:909 P 909:909 P(r) 909:912 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 4 59 theme distance 879:886 arg1 curves 901:906 their distance distribution curves 873:906 their distance distribution curves 873:906 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 9 60 theme reduced 1939:1945 arg1 O-galactosylation 1947:1963 reduced O-galactosylation 1939:1963 reduced O-galactosylation 1939:1963 Whereas no link between O-galactosylation and the IgA1 solution structure was detected, an increase in IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation may relate to IgAN. 26268558 4 61 theme Analytical 603:612 arg1 ultracentrifugation 614:632 Analytical ultracentrifugation 603:632 Analytical ultracentrifugation 603:632 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 6 62 theme Y-shaped 1274:1281 arg1 structures 1292:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures 1257:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1257:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 3 63 theme IgAN 530:533 arg1 patients 535:542 three IgAN patients 524:542 three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels 524:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 6 64 theme similar 1257:1263 arg1 structures 1292:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures 1257:1301 similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1257:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 8 65 theme functionally-important 1743:1764 arg1 binding 1766:1772 the functionally-important binding 1739:1772 the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region 1739:1811 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 9 66 from increase 1905:1912 arg1 aggregation 1922:1932 IgA1 aggregation 1917:1932 IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation 1917:1963 Whereas no link between O-galactosylation and the IgA1 solution structure was detected, an increase in IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation may relate to IgAN. 26268558 4 67 theme sedimentation 696:708 arg1 s 724:724 s(0)20 724:729 s(0)20 724:729 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 4 67 theme sedimentation 696:708 arg1 coefficients 710:721 similar sedimentation coefficients 688:721 similar sedimentation coefficients 688:721 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 0 68 theme IgA1 62:65 arg1 structures 13:22 The solution structures 0:22 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 0:65 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 5 69 theme P 1001:1001 arg1 curves 1006:1011 P(r) curves 1001:1011 P(r) curves 1001:1011 Neutron scattering indicated similar Rg values and P(r) curves, although IgA1 showed a propensity to aggregate in heavy water buffer. 26268558 3 70 theme different 554:562 arg1 levels 582:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 6 71 theme modelling 1100:1108 arg1 procedure 1110:1118 A new atomistic modelling procedure 1084:1118 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves 1084:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 4 72 theme IgA1 655:658 arg1 samples 660:666 all four IgA1 samples 646:666 all four IgA1 samples 646:666 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 3 73 with patients 535:542 arg1 levels 582:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 four different O-galactosylation levels 549:587 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 0 74 theme asymmetric 74:83 arg1 structures 94:103 asymmetric extended structures 74:103 asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease 74:147 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 8 75 theme FcαR 1781:1784 arg1 receptors 1786:1794 two FcαR receptors 1777:1794 two FcαR receptors 1777:1794 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 1 76 theme Native 150:155 arg1 IgA1 157:160 Native IgA1 150:160 Native IgA1 150:160 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 26268558 7 77 from Asn 1409:1411 arg1 N-glycans 1396:1404 the N-glycans 1392:1404 the N-glycans at Asn(263) 1392:1416 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 7 78 theme hinge 1517:1521 arg1 O-galactosylation 1523:1539 hinge O-galactosylation 1517:1539 hinge O-galactosylation 1517:1539 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 6 79 theme differentially-glycosylated 1316:1342 arg1 molecules 1349:1357 all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1307:1357 all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1307:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 8 80 theme Fc 1803:1804 arg1 region 1806:1811 its Fc region 1799:1811 its Fc region 1799:1811 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 0 81 dep structures 94:103 arg1 implications 106:117 implications 106:117 asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease 74:147 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 2 82 theme kidney 345:350 arg1 disease 352:358 chronic kidney disease 337:358 chronic kidney disease 337:358 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 0 83 theme solution 4:11 arg1 structures 13:22 The solution structures 0:22 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 0:65 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 4 84 dep coefficients 710:721 arg1 showed 751:756 showed 751:756 showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration 751:832 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 7 85 theme final 1364:1368 arg1 models 1370:1375 The final models 1360:1375 The final models 1360:1375 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 9 86 with aggregation 1922:1932 arg1 O-galactosylation 1947:1963 reduced O-galactosylation 1939:1963 reduced O-galactosylation 1939:1963 Whereas no link between O-galactosylation and the IgA1 solution structure was detected, an increase in IgA1 aggregation with reduced O-galactosylation may relate to IgAN. 26268558 5 87 theme Neutron 950:956 arg1 scattering 958:967 Neutron scattering 950:967 Neutron scattering 950:967 Neutron scattering indicated similar Rg values and P(r) curves, although IgA1 showed a propensity to aggregate in heavy water buffer. 26268558 0 88 theme monomeric 46:54 arg1 IgA1 62:65 native and patient monomeric human IgA1 27:65 IgA1 62:65 The solution structures of native and patient monomeric human IgA1 reveal asymmetric extended structures: implications for function and IgAN disease. 26268558 5 89 theme heavy 1064:1068 arg1 buffer 1076:1081 heavy water buffer 1064:1081 heavy water buffer 1064:1081 Neutron scattering indicated similar Rg values and P(r) curves, although IgA1 showed a propensity to aggregate in heavy water buffer. 26268558 5 90 theme similar 979:985 arg1 values 990:995 similar Rg values 979:995 similar Rg values 979:995 Neutron scattering indicated similar Rg values and P(r) curves, although IgA1 showed a propensity to aggregate in heavy water buffer. 26268558 8 91 theme extended 1638:1645 arg1 hinges 1647:1652 extended hinges 1638:1652 extended hinges 1638:1652 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 7 92 theme tailpiece 1474:1482 arg1 undefined 1503:1511 undefined 1503:1511 undefined 1503:1511 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 7 92 theme tailpiece 1474:1482 arg1 conformations 1484:1496 the C-terminal tailpiece conformations 1459:1496 the C-terminal tailpiece conformations 1459:1496 The final models indicated that the N-glycans at Asn(263) were folded back against the Fc surface, the C-terminal tailpiece conformations were undefined and hinge O-galactosylation had little effect on the solution structure. 26268558 4 93 theme X-ray 734:738 arg1 scattering 740:749 w. X-ray scattering 731:749 w. X-ray scattering 731:749 Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all four IgA1 samples were monomeric with similar sedimentation coefficients, s(0)20,w. X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) slightly increased with IgA1 concentration, indicating self-association, although their distance distribution curves, P(r), were unchanged with concentration. 26268558 3 94 theme hinge 441:445 arg1 region 447:452 a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region 415:452 a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region 415:452 Because IgA1 in IgAN often has a poorly O-galactosylated hinge region, the solution structures of monomeric IgA1 from a healthy subject and three IgAN patients with four different O-galactosylation levels were studied. 26268558 6 95 theme IgA1 1344:1347 arg1 molecules 1349:1357 all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1307:1357 all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules 1307:1357 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 6 96 with structures 1186:1195 arg1 curves 1241:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 the individual experimental scattering curves 1202:1246 A new atomistic modelling procedure based on comparisons with 177000 conformationally-randomized IgA1 structures with the individual experimental scattering curves revealed similar extended Y-shaped solution structures for all four differentially-glycosylated IgA1 molecules. 26268558 8 97 theme solution 1590:1597 arg1 structures 1599:1608 The solution structures 1586:1608 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 1586:1629 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 2 98 theme leading 320:326 arg1 nephropathy 296:306 IgA nephropathy 292:306 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 292:313 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 2 98 theme leading 320:326 arg1 cause 328:332 a leading cause 318:332 a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries 318:381 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. 26268558 8 99 theme Fab 1662:1664 arg1 regions 1673:1679 the Fab and Fc regions 1658:1679 regions 1673:1679 The solution structures for full-length IgA1 showed extended hinges and the Fab and Fc regions were positioned asymmetrically to provide ample space for the functionally-important binding of two FcαR receptors to its Fc region. 26268558 1 100 theme O-galactosylated 216:231 arg1 region 250:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region 213:255 an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions 213:289 Native IgA1, for which no crystal structure is known, contains an O-galactosylated 23-residue hinge region that joins its Fab and Fc regions. 27019195 7 0 theme % 1140:1140 arg1 release 1147:1153 100% drug release 1137:1153 100% drug release 1137:1153 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 9 1 theme thickness 1566:1574 arg1 Optimization 1514:1525 CONCLUSION Optimization 1503:1525 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness 1503:1574 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 10 2 theme targeted 1713:1720 arg1 formulation 1722:1732 colon targeted formulation 1707:1732 colon targeted formulation of MTZ 1707:1739 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 8 3 theme in 1292:1293 arg1 study 1300:1304 in vivo study 1292:1304 in vivo study in rabbits 1292:1315 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 4 4 theme optimized 760:768 arg1 formulation 770:780 optimized formulation 760:780 optimized formulation 760:780 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 3 5 theme drug 638:641 arg1 release 643:649 initial drug release 630:649 initial drug release 630:649 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 10 6 theme in 1651:1652 arg1 results 1659:1665 in vivo results 1651:1665 in vivo results 1651:1665 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 1 7 theme investigation 163:175 arg1 objective 138:146 The objective 134:146 The objective of the present investigation 134:175 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 9 8 theme sensitive 1591:1599 arg1 release 1611:1617 pH sensitive pulsatile release 1588:1617 pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs 1588:1626 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 2 9 theme sensitive 508:516 arg1 delivery 533:540 pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery 505:540 pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery 505:540 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 6 10 theme batches 1056:1062 arg1 results 1038:1044 the results 1034:1044 the results of design batches 1034:1062 RESULTS The optimized coating composition was selected from the results of design batches. 27019195 7 11 theme drug 1142:1145 arg1 release 1147:1153 100% drug release 1137:1153 100% drug release 1137:1153 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 4 12 theme targeting 840:848 arg1 ability 850:856 colon targeting ability 834:856 colon targeting ability of the developed system 834:880 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 7 13 theme optimized 1069:1077 arg1 formulation 1079:1089 The optimized formulation 1065:1089 The optimized formulation 1065:1089 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 1 14 theme multiunit 217:225 arg1 formulation 227:237 systematically optimized multiunit formulation 192:237 systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) 192:288 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 10 15 theme colon 1707:1711 arg1 formulation 1722:1732 colon targeted formulation 1707:1732 colon targeted formulation of MTZ 1707:1739 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 2 16 theme drug 528:531 arg1 delivery 533:540 pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery 505:540 pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery 505:540 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 5 17 theme ICH 958:960 arg1 guidelines 962:971 ICH guidelines 958:971 ICH guidelines 958:971 Stability study of optimized formulation was performed for 6 months as per ICH guidelines. 27019195 3 18 theme ethyl 568:572 arg1 EC 585:586 EC 585:586 EC 585:586 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 18 theme ethyl 568:572 arg1 cellulose 574:582 ethyl cellulose 568:582 ethyl cellulose (EC) 568:587 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 18 theme ethyl 568:572 arg1 polymers 610:617 coating polymers 602:617 coating polymers 602:617 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 18 theme ethyl 568:572 arg1 S 553:553 Eudragit® S 100 543:557 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) 543:562 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 8 19 theme Similar 1233:1239 arg1 profile 1254:1260 Similar drug release profile 1233:1260 Similar drug release profile 1233:1260 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 8 20 theme patterns 1493:1500 arg1 properties 1448:1457 properties 1448:1457 properties of tablets and their drug release patterns 1448:1500 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 7 21 theme 100 1137:1139 arg1 % 1140:1140 % 1140:1140 % 1140:1140 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 10 22 theme MTZ 1737:1739 arg1 formulation 1722:1732 colon targeted formulation 1707:1732 colon targeted formulation of MTZ 1707:1739 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 8 23 theme Stability 1394:1402 arg1 study 1404:1408 7 h. Stability study 1389:1408 7 h. Stability study 1389:1408 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 8 24 theme release 1246:1252 arg1 profile 1254:1260 Similar drug release profile 1233:1260 Similar drug release profile 1233:1260 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 1 25 theme release 383:389 arg1 study 391:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 0 26 theme in 94:95 arg1 studies 115:121 in vitro and in vivo studies 94:121 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 0:122 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 2 27 theme suitable 469:476 arg1 agents 487:492 suitable swelling agents 469:492 drug along with suitable swelling agents 453:492 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 7 28 theme drug 1110:1113 arg1 release 1115:1121 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release 1098:1121 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h 1098:1131 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 1 29 theme in 350:351 arg1 study 391:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 0 30 dep in 94:95 arg1 vitro 97:101 vitro 97:101 vitro 97:101 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 6 31 dep RESULTS 974:980 arg1 selected 1020:1027 selected 1020:1027 was selected from the results of design batches 1016:1062 RESULTS The optimized coating composition was selected from the results of design batches. 27019195 7 32 theme 6.99 ± 1.5 1098:1107 arg1 % 1108:1108 % 1108:1108 % 1108:1108 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 2 33 theme METHODS 398:404 arg1 Core 406:409 METHODS Core 398:409 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ 398:432 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 8 34 theme tablets 1462:1468 arg1 properties 1448:1457 properties 1448:1457 properties of tablets and their drug release patterns 1448:1500 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 4 35 theme coating 674:680 arg1 composition 682:692 The coating composition 670:692 The coating composition 670:692 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 0 36 theme experiment 10:19 arg1 approach 21:28 experiment approach 10:28 experiment approach 10:28 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 9 37 theme CONCLUSION 1503:1512 arg1 Optimization 1514:1525 CONCLUSION Optimization 1503:1525 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness 1503:1574 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 7 38 theme formulation 1220:1230 arg1 behavior 1208:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior 1185:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation 1185:1230 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 1 39 dep in 350:351 arg1 vitro 353:357 vitro 353:357 vitro 353:357 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 4 40 theme -full 733:737 arg1 design 749:754 3(2)-full factorial design 729:754 3(2)-full factorial design 729:754 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 8 41 theme release 1485:1491 arg1 patterns 1493:1500 their drug release patterns 1474:1500 their drug release patterns 1474:1500 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 0 42 theme drug 72:75 arg1 system 86:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 0 43 theme multi-unit 46:55 arg1 system 86:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 1 44 theme experiment 313:322 arg1 design 303:308 design 303:308 design of experiment (DoE) 303:328 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 9 45 theme composition 1538:1548 arg1 Optimization 1514:1525 CONCLUSION Optimization 1503:1525 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness 1503:1574 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 7 46 theme sensitive 1188:1196 arg1 behavior 1208:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior 1185:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation 1185:1230 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 3 47 theme coating 602:608 arg1 polymers 610:617 coating polymers 602:617 coating polymers 602:617 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 47 theme coating 602:608 arg1 S 553:553 Eudragit® S 100 543:557 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) 543:562 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 47 theme coating 602:608 arg1 cellulose 574:582 ethyl cellulose 568:582 ethyl cellulose (EC) 568:587 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 5 48 theme optimized 902:910 arg1 formulation 912:922 optimized formulation 902:922 optimized formulation 902:922 Stability study of optimized formulation was performed for 6 months as per ICH guidelines. 27019195 1 49 dep in 370:371 arg1 vivo 373:376 vivo 373:376 vivo 373:376 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 8 50 theme 4 h 1336:1338 arg1 time 1328:1331 a lag time 1322:1331 a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml 1322:1366 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 1 51 theme colon 243:247 arg1 delivery 258:265 colon targeted delivery 243:265 colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) 243:288 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 7 52 theme % 1108:1108 arg1 release 1115:1121 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release 1098:1121 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h 1098:1131 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 0 53 dep Design 0:5 arg1 studies 115:121 in vitro and in vivo studies 94:121 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 0:122 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 3 54 theme initial 630:636 arg1 release 643:649 initial drug release 630:649 initial drug release 630:649 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 6 55 theme coating 996:1002 arg1 composition 1004:1014 The optimized coating composition 982:1014 The optimized coating composition 982:1014 RESULTS The optimized coating composition was selected from the results of design batches. 27019195 1 56 theme metronidazole 270:282 arg1 delivery 258:265 colon targeted delivery 243:265 colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) 243:288 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 3 57 theme gastric 654:660 arg1 region 662:667 gastric region 654:667 gastric region 654:667 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 1 58 theme present 155:161 arg1 investigation 163:175 the present investigation 151:175 the present investigation 151:175 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 8 59 from difference 1434:1443 arg1 properties 1448:1457 properties 1448:1457 properties of tablets and their drug release patterns 1448:1500 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 9 60 dep composition 1538:1548 arg1 EC 1551:1552 EC 1551:1552 EC 1551:1552 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 9 60 dep composition 1538:1548 arg1 ES 1558:1559 ES 1558:1559 ES 1558:1559 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 8 61 dep in 1292:1293 arg1 vivo 1295:1298 vivo 1295:1298 vivo 1295:1298 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 9 62 theme pulsatile 1601:1609 arg1 release 1611:1617 pH sensitive pulsatile release 1588:1617 pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs 1588:1626 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 10 63 theme successful 1681:1690 arg1 development 1692:1702 the successful development 1677:1702 the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ 1677:1739 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 8 64 theme Cmax 1344:1347 arg1 time 1328:1331 a lag time 1322:1331 a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml 1322:1366 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 6 65 theme design 1049:1054 arg1 batches 1056:1062 design batches 1049:1062 design batches 1049:1062 RESULTS The optimized coating composition was selected from the results of design batches. 27019195 1 66 theme optimized 207:215 arg1 formulation 227:237 systematically optimized multiunit formulation 192:237 systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) 192:288 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 4 67 theme colon 834:838 arg1 ability 850:856 colon targeting ability 834:856 colon targeting ability of the developed system 834:880 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 8 68 theme 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml 1352:1366 arg1 Cmax 1344:1347 Cmax 1344:1347 Cmax 1344:1347 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 8 68 theme 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml 1352:1366 arg1 4 h 1336:1338 4 h 1336:1338 4 h 1336:1338 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 1 69 theme in 370:371 arg1 study 391:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 3 70 theme Eudragit® 543:551 arg1 polymers 610:617 coating polymers 602:617 coating polymers 602:617 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 70 theme Eudragit® 543:551 arg1 cellulose 574:582 ethyl cellulose 568:582 ethyl cellulose (EC) 568:587 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 70 theme Eudragit® 543:551 arg1 S 553:553 Eudragit® S 100 543:557 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) 543:562 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 70 theme Eudragit® 543:551 arg1 ES 560:561 ES 560:561 ES 560:561 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 1 71 theme drug 378:381 arg1 study 391:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 350:395 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 2 72 theme pulsatile 518:526 arg1 delivery 533:540 pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery 505:540 pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery 505:540 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 8 73 theme 7 h. 1389:1392 arg1 study 1404:1408 7 h. Stability study 1389:1408 7 h. Stability study 1389:1408 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 0 74 theme delivery 77:84 arg1 system 86:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 4 75 theme system 875:880 arg1 ability 850:856 colon targeting ability 834:856 colon targeting ability of the developed system 834:880 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 10 76 dep in 1651:1652 arg1 vivo 1654:1657 vivo 1654:1657 vivo 1654:1657 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 8 77 theme insignificant 1420:1432 arg1 difference 1434:1443 insignificant difference 1420:1443 insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns 1420:1500 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 8 78 theme drug 1241:1244 arg1 profile 1254:1260 Similar drug release profile 1233:1260 Similar drug release profile 1233:1260 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 0 79 dep in 107:108 arg1 vivo 110:113 vivo 110:113 vivo 110:113 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 2 80 theme swelling 478:485 arg1 agents 487:492 suitable swelling agents 469:492 drug along with suitable swelling agents 453:492 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 1 81 dep OBJECTIVE 124:132 arg1 was 177:179 was 177:179 was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study 177:395 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 27019195 0 82 theme in 107:108 arg1 studies 115:121 in vitro and in vivo studies 94:121 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 0:122 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 5 83 theme Stability 883:891 arg1 study 893:897 Stability study 883:897 Stability study of optimized formulation 883:922 Stability study of optimized formulation was performed for 6 months as per ICH guidelines. 27019195 6 84 theme optimized 986:994 arg1 composition 1004:1014 The optimized coating composition 982:1014 The optimized coating composition 982:1014 RESULTS The optimized coating composition was selected from the results of design batches. 27019195 4 85 theme developed 865:873 arg1 system 875:880 the developed system 861:880 the developed system 861:880 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 9 86 theme drugs 1622:1626 arg1 release 1611:1617 pH sensitive pulsatile release 1588:1617 pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs 1588:1626 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 0 87 theme approach 21:28 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 0:122 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 8 88 theme drug 1480:1483 arg1 patterns 1493:1500 their drug release patterns 1474:1500 their drug release patterns 1474:1500 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 7 89 dep 5 h 1129:1131 arg1 up 1123:1124 up 1123:1124 up 1123:1124 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 7 90 theme pulsatile 1198:1206 arg1 behavior 1208:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior 1185:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation 1185:1230 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 2 91 theme MTZ 430:432 arg1 mini-tablets 414:425 mini-tablets 414:425 mini-tablets of MTZ 414:432 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 3 92 used used 594:597 arg2 cellulose 574:582 ethyl cellulose 568:582 ethyl cellulose (EC) 568:587 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 92 used used 594:597 arg2 EC 585:586 EC 585:586 EC 585:586 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 92 used used 594:597 arg2 ES 560:561 ES 560:561 ES 560:561 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 92 used used 594:597 arg2 S 553:553 Eudragit® S 100 543:557 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) 543:562 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 3 92 used used 594:597 arg2 polymers 610:617 coating polymers 602:617 coating polymers 602:617 Eudragit® S 100 (ES) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as coating polymers to prevent initial drug release in gastric region. 27019195 0 93 theme colon-targeted 57:70 arg1 system 86:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system 46:91 Design of experiment approach for formulating multi-unit colon-targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. 27019195 9 94 theme coating 1530:1536 arg1 composition 1538:1548 coating composition 1530:1548 coating composition (EC and ES) 1530:1560 CONCLUSION Optimization of coating composition (EC and ES) and thickness could offer pH sensitive pulsatile release of drugs at colon. 27019195 7 95 theme pH 1185:1186 arg1 behavior 1208:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior 1185:1215 pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation 1185:1230 The optimized formulation showed 6.99 ± 1.5% drug release up to 5 h and 100% drug release within 7.2 ± 0.2 h indicating pH sensitive pulsatile behavior of formulation. 27019195 2 96 theme mini-tablets 414:425 arg1 Core 406:409 METHODS Core 398:409 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ 398:432 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 4 97 theme factorial 739:747 arg1 design 749:754 3(2)-full factorial design 729:754 3(2)-full factorial design 729:754 The coating composition was systematically optimized using 3(2)-full factorial design and optimized formulation was evaluated in vitro and then in vivo, to confirm colon targeting ability of the developed system. 27019195 2 98 dep along 458:462 arg1 with 464:467 with 464:467 with 464:467 METHODS Core of mini-tablets of MTZ was prepared using drug along with suitable swelling agents to provide pH sensitive pulsatile drug delivery. 27019195 10 99 theme formulation 1722:1732 arg1 development 1692:1702 the successful development 1677:1702 the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ 1677:1739 Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the successful development of colon targeted formulation of MTZ. 27019195 8 100 theme lag 1324:1326 arg1 time 1328:1331 a lag time 1322:1331 a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml 1322:1366 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 5 101 theme formulation 912:922 arg1 study 893:897 Stability study 883:897 Stability study of optimized formulation 883:922 Stability study of optimized formulation was performed for 6 months as per ICH guidelines. 27019195 8 102 from study 1300:1304 arg1 rabbits 1309:1315 rabbits 1309:1315 rabbits 1309:1315 Similar drug release profile was observed while performing in vivo study in rabbits with a lag time of 4 h and Cmax of 190 ± 4.9 ng/ml being achieved after 7 h. Stability study indicated insignificant difference in properties of tablets and their drug release patterns. 27019195 1 103 theme targeted 249:256 arg1 delivery 258:265 colon targeted delivery 243:265 colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) 243:288 OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to develop systematically optimized multiunit formulation for colon targeted delivery of metronidazole (MTZ) by employing design of experiment (DoE) and evaluate it for in vitro as well as in vivo drug release study. 25721859 6 0 from use 1310:1312 arg1 harvests 1337:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 0 from use 1310:1312 arg1 cells 1358:1362 biofuel cells 1350:1362 biofuel cells 1350:1362 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 7 1 theme variable 1551:1558 arg1 films 1570:1574 variable thickness films 1551:1574 variable thickness films 1551:1574 Furthermore the material can be engineered into various forms from spheres to variable thickness films, broadening its potential applications. 25721859 6 2 theme chemical 1328:1335 arg1 harvests 1337:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 1 3 theme hybrid 263:268 arg1 beads 270:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads 188:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation 188:297 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 6 4 theme high 1317:1320 arg1 harvests 1337:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 2 5 theme semi-permeable 630:643 arg1 membrane 654:661 a semi-permeable external membrane 628:661 a semi-permeable external membrane 628:661 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 0 6 theme compounds 133:141 arg1 production 108:117 the sustainable production 92:117 the sustainable production of high value compounds 92:141 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 3 7 theme textural 778:785 arg1 properties 787:796 their porosity and textural properties 759:796 their porosity and textural properties 759:796 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 8 theme porosity 765:772 arg1 properties 787:796 their porosity and textural properties 759:796 their porosity and textural properties 759:796 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 6 9 theme energy 1395:1400 arg1 transformation 1402:1415 energy transformation 1395:1415 energy transformation 1395:1415 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 1 10 theme porous 195:200 arg1 beads 270:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads 188:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation 188:297 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 2 11 theme coacervation 558:569 arg1 process 571:577 a coacervation process 556:577 a coacervation process 556:577 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 0 12 theme high 122:125 arg1 compounds 133:141 high value compounds 122:141 high value compounds 122:141 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 1 13 theme metabolites 409:419 arg1 manufacture 383:393 a sustainable manufacture 369:393 a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 369:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 6 14 dep transformation 1402:1415 arg1 production 1430:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 14 dep transformation 1402:1415 arg1 technologies 1458:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 15 theme photosynthetic 1367:1380 arg1 cells 1388:1392 photosynthetic solar cells 1367:1392 photosynthetic solar cells 1367:1392 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 2 16 from acid 531:534 arg1 combination 539:549 combination 539:549 combination with a coacervation process 539:577 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 4 17 theme exceptional 1012:1022 arg1 protection 1024:1033 exceptional protection 1012:1033 exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination 1012:1088 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 2 18 from combination 539:549 arg1 mineralisation 505:518 mineralisation 505:518 mineralisation 505:518 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 2 18 from combination 539:549 arg1 biopolymer 490:499 alginate biopolymer 481:499 alginate biopolymer 481:499 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 0 19 theme robust 42:47 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 5 20 theme core-shell 1181:1190 arg1 system 1192:1197 this hybrid core-shell system 1169:1197 this hybrid core-shell system 1169:1197 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 2 21 theme mineralisation 505:518 arg1 crosslinking 462:473 crosslinking 462:473 crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol 462:617 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 6 22 dep find 1305:1308 arg1 transformation 1402:1415 energy transformation 1395:1415 energy transformation 1395:1415 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 3 23 theme polycation 856:865 arg1 silica 827:832 silica 827:832 silica 827:832 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 23 theme polycation 856:865 arg1 concentration 867:879 polycation concentration 856:879 polycation concentration 856:879 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 0 24 theme hybrid 64:69 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 1 25 theme active 349:354 arg1 material 356:363 a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material 309:363 a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 309:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 1 26 theme efficient 147:155 arg1 process 166:172 An efficient one-step process 144:172 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 144:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 4 27 theme hybrid 983:988 arg1 material 990:997 a remarkably robust hybrid material 963:997 a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications 963:1123 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 1 28 theme sustainable 371:381 arg1 manufacture 383:393 a sustainable manufacture 369:393 a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 369:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 2 29 theme silicic 523:529 arg1 acid 531:534 silicic acid 523:534 silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process 523:577 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 5 30 theme long 1243:1246 arg1 duration 1248:1255 a long duration 1241:1255 a long duration (>1 year) 1241:1265 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 5 30 theme long 1243:1246 arg1 year 1261:1264 >1 year 1258:1264 >1 year 1258:1264 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 6 31 theme water 1442:1446 arg1 production 1430:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 31 theme water 1442:1446 arg1 technologies 1458:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 1 32 theme cell 280:283 arg1 encapsulation 285:297 cell encapsulation 280:297 cell encapsulation 280:297 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 2 33 theme biopolymer 490:499 arg1 crosslinking 462:473 crosslinking 462:473 crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol 462:617 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 3 34 theme mechanical 678:687 arg1 strength 689:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 0 35 theme life 23:26 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 5 36 theme photosynthetic 1212:1225 arg1 activity 1227:1234 high photosynthetic activity 1207:1234 high photosynthetic activity 1207:1234 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 2 37 theme alginate 481:488 arg1 biopolymer 490:499 alginate biopolymer 481:499 alginate biopolymer 481:499 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 4 38 theme sheer 1057:1061 arg1 stresses 1063:1070 sheer stresses 1057:1070 sheer stresses 1057:1070 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 0 39 theme reusable 29:36 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 1 40 theme long-life 320:328 arg1 material 356:363 a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material 309:363 a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 309:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 0 41 dep life 23:26 arg1 long 18:21 long 18:21 long 18:21 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 7 42 theme thickness 1560:1568 arg1 films 1570:1574 variable thickness films 1551:1574 variable thickness films 1551:1574 Furthermore the material can be engineered into various forms from spheres to variable thickness films, broadening its potential applications. 25721859 4 43 theme diverse 1095:1101 arg1 range 1103:1107 a diverse range 1093:1107 a diverse range of applications 1093:1123 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 6 44 theme splitting 1448:1456 arg1 production 1430:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 44 theme splitting 1448:1456 arg1 technologies 1458:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 45 theme biofuel 1350:1356 arg1 cells 1358:1362 biofuel cells 1350:1362 biofuel cells 1350:1362 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 3 46 dep strength 689:696 arg1 The 664:666 The 664:666 The 664:666 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 47 theme monodispersed 720:732 arg1 beads 734:738 the monodispersed beads 716:738 the monodispersed beads 716:738 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 1 48 theme core 258:261 arg1 beads 270:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads 188:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation 188:297 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 2 49 theme silica 608:613 arg1 sol 615:617 a polycation and the silica sol 587:617 sol 615:617 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 6 50 theme value 1322:1326 arg1 harvests 1337:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 high value chemical harvests 1317:1344 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 1 51 theme one-step 157:164 arg1 process 166:172 An efficient one-step process 144:172 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 144:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 7 52 theme various 1521:1527 arg1 forms 1529:1533 various forms 1521:1533 various forms from spheres to variable thickness films 1521:1574 Furthermore the material can be engineered into various forms from spheres to variable thickness films, broadening its potential applications. 25721859 2 53 theme external 645:652 arg1 membrane 654:661 a semi-permeable external membrane 628:661 a semi-permeable external membrane 628:661 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 3 54 theme control 748:754 arg1 durability 702:711 durability 702:711 durability 702:711 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 54 theme control 748:754 arg1 strength 689:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 55 theme properties 787:796 arg1 control 748:754 control 748:754 control 748:754 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 7 56 from spheres 1540:1546 arg1 forms 1529:1533 various forms 1521:1533 various forms from spheres to variable thickness films 1521:1574 Furthermore the material can be engineered into various forms from spheres to variable thickness films, broadening its potential applications. 25721859 2 57 from mineralisation 505:518 arg1 combination 539:549 combination 539:549 combination with a coacervation process 539:577 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 0 58 theme value 127:131 arg1 compounds 133:141 high value compounds 122:141 high value compounds 122:141 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 1 59 theme high-value 398:407 arg1 metabolites 409:419 high-value metabolites 398:419 high-value metabolites 398:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 6 60 theme solar 1382:1386 arg1 cells 1388:1392 photosynthetic solar cells 1367:1392 photosynthetic solar cells 1367:1392 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 61 theme sustainable 1273:1283 arg1 biotechnology 1285:1297 This sustainable biotechnology 1268:1297 This sustainable biotechnology 1268:1297 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 3 62 theme alginate 838:845 arg1 loading 847:853 alginate loading 838:853 alginate loading 838:853 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 0 63 theme photosynthetic 49:62 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 3 64 theme incubation 885:894 arg1 time 896:899 incubation time 885:899 incubation time 885:899 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 64 theme incubation 885:894 arg1 silica 827:832 silica 827:832 silica 827:832 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 0 65 theme core-shell 71:80 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 5 66 theme high 1207:1210 arg1 activity 1227:1234 high photosynthetic activity 1207:1234 high photosynthetic activity 1207:1234 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 2 67 dep biopolymer 490:499 arg1 an 478:479 an 478:479 an 478:479 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 4 68 theme robust 976:981 arg1 material 990:997 a remarkably robust hybrid material 963:997 a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications 963:1123 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 0 69 theme sustainable 96:106 arg1 production 108:117 the sustainable production 92:117 the sustainable production of high value compounds 92:141 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 2 70 theme acid 531:534 arg1 mineralisation 505:518 mineralisation 505:518 mineralisation 505:518 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 2 70 theme acid 531:534 arg1 biopolymer 490:499 alginate biopolymer 481:499 alginate biopolymer 481:499 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 2 71 from biopolymer 490:499 arg1 combination 539:549 combination 539:549 combination with a coacervation process 539:577 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 6 72 theme electricity 1418:1428 arg1 production 1430:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 electricity production 1418:1439 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 6 72 theme electricity 1418:1428 arg1 technologies 1458:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 water splitting technologies 1442:1469 This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). 25721859 0 73 theme efficient 7:15 arg1 beads 82:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads 0:86 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 0:142 Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. 25721859 5 74 theme hybrid 1174:1179 arg1 system 1192:1197 this hybrid core-shell system 1169:1197 this hybrid core-shell system 1169:1197 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 2 75 with combination 539:549 arg1 process 571:577 a coacervation process 556:577 a coacervation process 556:577 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 3 76 theme excellent 668:676 arg1 strength 689:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 2 77 theme Bead 435:438 arg1 formation 440:448 Bead formation 435:448 Bead formation 435:448 Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. 25721859 4 78 theme live 1038:1041 arg1 cells 1043:1047 live cells 1038:1047 live cells 1038:1047 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 4 79 theme material 990:997 arg1 formation 950:958 the formation 946:958 the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications 946:1123 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 1 80 dep process 166:172 arg1 synthesize 177:186 synthesize 177:186 synthesize 177:186 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 5 81 theme Dunaliella 1126:1135 arg1 tertiolecta 1137:1147 Dunaliella tertiolecta 1126:1147 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system 1126:1197 Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core-shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). 25721859 1 82 theme reusable 311:318 arg1 material 356:363 a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material 309:363 a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites 309:419 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 7 83 theme potential 1592:1600 arg1 applications 1602:1613 its potential applications 1588:1613 its potential applications 1588:1613 Furthermore the material can be engineered into various forms from spheres to variable thickness films, broadening its potential applications. 25721859 4 84 theme applications 1112:1123 arg1 range 1103:1107 a diverse range 1093:1107 a diverse range of applications 1093:1123 This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. 25721859 1 85 theme shell 232:236 arg1 beads 270:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads 188:274 highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation 188:297 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 25721859 3 86 theme beads 734:738 arg1 durability 702:711 durability 702:711 durability 702:711 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 3 86 theme beads 734:738 arg1 strength 689:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 excellent mechanical strength 668:696 The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. 25721859 1 87 dep porous 195:200 arg1 Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation 203:229 Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation 203:229 Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation 203:229 An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate-SiO2-polycation) shell: (Na-alginate-SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. 28416216 0 0 theme fascinating 55:65 arg1 framework 77:85 A fascinating molecular framework 53:85 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 0:194 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 7 1 theme pyrazolines 1221:1231 arg1 chain 1208:1212 alkyl chain 1202:1212 alkyl chain of the pyrazolines 1202:1231 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 0 2 theme chiral 171:176 arg1 phase 189:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 3 from mechanism 1130:1138 arg1 operative 1103:1111 operative 1103:1111 operative 1103:1111 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 6 4 theme retention 1120:1128 arg1 mechanism 1130:1138 the retention mechanism 1116:1138 the retention mechanism 1116:1138 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 3 5 dep compounds 287:295 arg1 differing 380:388 differing 380:388 differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom 380:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 5 dep compounds 287:295 arg1 incorporating 297:309 incorporating 297:309 incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold 297:374 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 7 6 attach linked 1178:1183 arg2 trend 1153:1157 The unusual trend 1141:1157 The unusual trend of such curves 1141:1172 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 7 6 attach linked 1178:1183 arg1 nature 1192:1197 the nature 1188:1197 the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines 1188:1231 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 7 7 theme unusual 1145:1151 arg1 trend 1153:1157 The unusual trend 1141:1157 The unusual trend of such curves 1141:1172 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 3 8 theme -pyrazole 357:365 arg1 scaffold 367:374 the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold 311:374 the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold 311:374 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 0 9 theme phase 189:193 arg1 ability 118:124 the enantioseparation ability 96:124 the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 96:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 10 from percentage 953:962 arg1 phases 1014:1019 n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 990:1019 n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 990:1019 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 6 10 from percentage 953:962 arg1 n-pentane-methanol 967:984 n-pentane-methanol 967:984 n-pentane-methanol 967:984 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 6 11 theme mobile 1007:1012 arg1 phases 1014:1019 n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 990:1019 n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 990:1019 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 0 12 theme molecular 67:75 arg1 framework 77:85 A fascinating molecular framework 53:85 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 0:194 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 0 13 theme stationary 178:187 arg1 phase 189:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 2 14 from effects 217:223 arg1 process 247:253 enantiorecognition process 228:253 enantiorecognition process 228:253 Solvophobic effects in enantiorecognition process. 28416216 6 15 theme n-hexane-ethanol 990:1005 arg1 phases 1014:1019 n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 990:1019 n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 990:1019 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 7 16 theme alkyl 1202:1206 arg1 chain 1208:1212 alkyl chain 1202:1212 alkyl chain of the pyrazolines 1202:1231 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 6 17 from operative 1103:1111 arg1 mechanism 1130:1138 the retention mechanism 1116:1138 the retention mechanism 1116:1138 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 0 18 dep framework 77:85 arg1 study 90:94 study 90:94 to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 87:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 4 19 theme phase 633:637 arg1 composition 639:649 the mobile phase composition 622:649 the mobile phase composition 622:649 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 7 20 theme chain 1208:1212 arg1 nature 1192:1197 the nature 1188:1197 the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines 1188:1231 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 6 21 theme U-shape 871:877 arg1 curves 879:884 U-shape curves 871:884 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data 871:930 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 6 22 from concentrations 1057:1070 arg1 operative 1103:1111 operative 1103:1111 operative 1103:1111 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 4 23 theme mobile 626:631 arg1 composition 639:649 the mobile phase composition 622:649 the mobile phase composition 622:649 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 5 24 theme enantiomeric 779:790 arg1 separations 792:802 the enantiomeric separations 775:802 the enantiomeric separations 775:802 It was found that the enantiomeric separations were in all cases enthalpy-driven and disfavored by entropic term. 28416216 5 25 theme entropic 856:863 arg1 term 865:868 entropic term 856:868 entropic term 856:868 It was found that the enantiomeric separations were in all cases enthalpy-driven and disfavored by entropic term. 28416216 4 26 dep retention 705:713 arg1 the 701:703 the 701:703 the 701:703 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 4 27 theme composition 639:649 arg1 effects 611:617 The effects 607:617 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity 607:736 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 0 28 theme enantioseparation 100:116 arg1 ability 118:124 the enantioseparation ability 96:124 the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 96:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 29 theme Chiralpak 567:575 arg1 phase 600:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 30 theme solvophobic 1073:1083 arg1 interactions 1085:1096 solvophobic interactions 1073:1096 solvophobic interactions 1073:1096 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 3 31 theme compounds 287:295 arg1 enantiomers 260:270 The enantiomers 256:270 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom 256:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 0 32 dep -pyrazole 42:50 arg1 framework 77:85 A fascinating molecular framework 53:85 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 0:194 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 4 33 from effects 611:617 arg1 enantioselectivity 719:736 enantioselectivity 719:736 enantioselectivity 719:736 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 4 33 from effects 611:617 arg1 retention 705:713 retention 705:713 retention 705:713 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 4 34 theme structure 656:664 arg1 effects 611:617 The effects 607:617 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity 607:736 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 3 35 theme alkyl 409:413 arg1 chain 415:419 the linear alkyl chain 398:419 the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom 398:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 36 dep -5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 331:352 arg1 1H 354:355 1H 354:355 1H 354:355 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 2 37 theme enantiorecognition 228:245 arg1 process 247:253 enantiorecognition process 228:253 enantiorecognition process 228:253 Solvophobic effects in enantiorecognition process. 28416216 7 38 theme enantioseparation 1326:1342 arg1 degree 1316:1321 a high degree 1309:1321 a high degree of enantioseparation 1309:1342 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 0 39 theme -5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 16:37 arg1 -pyrazole 42:50 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole 0:50 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 0:194 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 40 theme alcoholic 943:951 arg1 percentage 953:962 the alcoholic percentage 939:962 the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases 939:1019 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 3 41 theme AD-3 577:580 arg1 phase 600:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 42 theme alcohol 1049:1055 arg1 concentrations 1057:1070 higher alcohol concentrations 1042:1070 higher alcohol concentrations 1042:1070 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 7 43 theme such 1162:1165 arg1 curves 1167:1172 such curves 1162:1172 such curves 1162:1172 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 0 44 theme amylose 133:139 arg1 phase 189:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 45 theme linear 402:407 arg1 chain 415:419 the linear alkyl chain 398:419 the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom 398:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 46 theme chiral 280:285 arg1 compounds 287:295 five chiral compounds 275:295 five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom 275:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 0 47 dep -5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 16:37 arg1 1H 39:40 1H 39:40 1H 39:40 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 4 48 theme analytes 673:680 arg1 temperature 686:696 temperature 686:696 temperature 686:696 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 4 48 theme analytes 673:680 arg1 composition 639:649 the mobile phase composition 622:649 the mobile phase composition 622:649 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 4 48 theme analytes 673:680 arg1 structure 656:664 the structure 652:664 the structure of the analytes 652:680 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 3 49 dep 5 450:450 arg1 to 447:448 to 447:448 to 447:448 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 0 50 theme 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 142:168 arg1 phase 189:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 129:193 3-(Phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole: A fascinating molecular framework to study the enantioseparation ability of the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. 28416216 7 51 theme curves 1167:1172 arg1 trend 1153:1157 The unusual trend 1141:1157 The unusual trend of such curves 1141:1172 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 3 52 theme carbon 452:457 arg1 atoms 459:463 1 to 5 carbon atoms 445:463 1 to 5 carbon atoms 445:463 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 53 theme higher 1042:1047 arg1 concentrations 1057:1070 higher alcohol concentrations 1042:1070 higher alcohol concentrations 1042:1070 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 5 54 dep cases 816:820 arg1 enthalpy-driven 822:836 enthalpy-driven 822:836 enthalpy-driven 822:836 It was found that the enantiomeric separations were in all cases enthalpy-driven and disfavored by entropic term. 28416216 5 54 dep cases 816:820 arg1 disfavored 842:851 disfavored 842:851 disfavored by entropic term 842:868 It was found that the enantiomeric separations were in all cases enthalpy-driven and disfavored by entropic term. 28416216 3 55 attach linked 466:471 arg2 chain 415:419 the linear alkyl chain 398:419 the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom 398:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 55 attach linked 466:471 arg1 atom 487:490 the oxygen atom 476:490 the oxygen atom 476:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 4 56 theme temperature 686:696 arg1 effects 611:617 The effects 607:617 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity 607:736 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the structure of the analytes and temperature on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. 28416216 3 57 dep separated 506:514 arg1 based 561:565 based 561:565 based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 561:604 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 3 58 theme -5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 331:352 arg1 scaffold 367:374 the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold 311:374 the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold 311:374 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 7 59 theme degree 1316:1321 arg1 achievement 1294:1304 the achievement 1290:1304 the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation 1290:1342 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 3 60 theme chiral 582:587 arg1 phase 600:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 7 61 theme high 1311:1314 arg1 degree 1316:1321 a high degree 1309:1321 a high degree of enantioseparation 1309:1342 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 3 62 theme oxygen 480:485 arg1 atom 487:490 the oxygen atom 476:490 the oxygen atom 476:490 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 6 63 theme chromatographic 911:925 arg1 data 927:930 the chromatographic data 907:930 the chromatographic data 907:930 U-shape curves obtained by plotting the chromatographic data versus the alcoholic percentage in n-pentane-methanol and n-hexane-ethanol mobile phases highlighted that, at higher alcohol concentrations, solvophobic interactions were operative in the retention mechanism. 28416216 3 64 theme stationary 589:598 arg1 phase 600:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase 567:604 The enantiomers of five chiral compounds incorporating the 3-(phenyl-4-oxy)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole scaffold and differing only in the linear alkyl chain (varying in length from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) linked to the oxygen atom were directly separated on the amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) based Chiralpak AD-3 chiral stationary phase. 28416216 7 65 theme contribution 1274:1285 arg1 indicative 1244:1253 indicative 1244:1253 indicative 1244:1253 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 28416216 7 66 theme solvophobic 1262:1272 arg1 contribution 1274:1285 the solvophobic contribution 1258:1285 the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation 1258:1342 The unusual trend of such curves was linked to the nature of alkyl chain of the pyrazolines and it was indicative of the solvophobic contribution to the achievement of a high degree of enantioseparation. 26415423 5 0 theme higher 1055:1060 arg1 sensitivity 1062:1072 a higher sensitivity 1053:1072 a higher sensitivity 1053:1072 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 3 1 theme solutions 509:517 arg1 kinds 500:504 the three kinds 490:504 the three kinds of solutions 490:517 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 1 2 theme visible 156:162 arg1 range 164:168 the visible range 152:168 the visible range 152:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 3 3 contain have 523:526 arg1 spectra 479:485 The spectra 475:485 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions 475:517 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 3 3 contain have 523:526 arg2 value 540:544 strong peak value 528:544 strong peak value 528:544 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 5 4 theme same 918:921 arg1 solution 923:930 the same solution 914:930 the same solution 914:930 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 1 5 from solutions 139:147 arg1 range 164:168 the visible range 152:168 the visible range 152:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 5 6 theme photoacoustic 1022:1034 arg1 spectrometry 1036:1047 photoacoustic spectrometry 1022:1047 photoacoustic spectrometry 1022:1047 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 1 7 from method 294:299 arg1 spectra 263:269 the spectra 259:269 the spectra from spedtrophotometry method 259:299 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 3 8 theme peak 535:538 arg1 value 540:544 strong peak value 528:544 strong peak value 528:544 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 2 9 theme spectral 402:409 arg1 profile 411:417 spectral profile 402:417 spectral profile 402:417 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 2 10 theme solutions 464:472 arg1 kinds 455:459 different kinds 445:459 different kinds of solutions 445:472 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 0 11 from Identification 27:40 arg1 Honey 45:49 Honey 45:49 Honey 45:49 The Application of Quality Identification in Honey by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. 26415423 1 12 theme photoacoustic 86:98 arg1 spectrum 100:107 The photoacoustic spectrum 82:107 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range 82:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 4 13 theme characteristic 646:659 arg1 peak 661:664 characteristic peak 646:664 characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose 646:699 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 5 14 theme composition 1098:1108 arg1 test 1081:1084 the test 1077:1084 the test of material composition 1077:1108 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 5 15 theme spectrum 964:971 arg1 intensity 937:945 the intensity 933:945 the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum 933:971 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 5 15 theme spectrum 964:971 arg1 responsive 981:990 responsive 981:990 responsive 981:990 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 0 16 theme Quality 19:25 arg1 Application 4:14 The Application 0:14 The Application of Quality 0:25 The Application of Quality Identification in Honey by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. 26415423 1 17 theme spedtrophotometry 276:292 arg1 method 294:299 spedtrophotometry method 276:299 spedtrophotometry method 276:299 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 1 18 from sucrose 121:127 arg1 range 164:168 the visible range 152:168 the visible range 152:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 2 19 theme spectral 306:313 arg1 characteristics 315:329 The spectral characteristics 302:329 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions 302:352 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 2 20 theme different 445:453 arg1 kinds 455:459 different kinds 445:459 different kinds of solutions 445:472 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 4 21 theme apparent 722:729 arg1 peak 746:749 apparent characteristic peak 722:749 apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm 722:759 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 1 22 theme glucose 112:118 arg1 spectrum 100:107 The photoacoustic spectrum 82:107 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range 82:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 1 23 theme solutions 139:147 arg1 spectrum 100:107 The photoacoustic spectrum 82:107 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range 82:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 2 24 theme solutions 344:352 arg1 characteristics 315:329 The spectral characteristics 302:329 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions 302:352 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 3 25 theme intensity 573:581 arg1 ratios 583:588 the intensity ratios 569:588 the intensity ratios between the two peaks 569:610 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 3 25 theme intensity 573:581 arg1 different 616:624 different 616:624 different 616:624 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 1 26 theme single-light 196:207 arg1 spectrometer 223:234 the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer 192:234 the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer 192:234 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 4 27 contain has 718:720 arg1 sucrose 710:716 the sucrose 706:716 the sucrose 706:716 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 4 27 contain has 718:720 arg2 peak 746:749 apparent characteristic peak 722:749 apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm 722:759 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 1 28 theme photoacoustic 209:221 arg1 spectrometer 223:234 the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer 192:234 the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer 192:234 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 4 29 used used 796:799 arg2 peaks 783:787 these characteristic peaks 762:787 these characteristic peaks 762:787 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 4 30 theme characteristic 768:781 arg1 peaks 783:787 these characteristic peaks 762:787 these characteristic peaks 762:787 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 3 31 theme kinds 500:504 arg1 spectra 479:485 The spectra 475:485 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions 475:517 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 5 32 dep indicating 1011:1020 arg1 has 1049:1051 has 1049:1051 indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition 1011:1108 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 4 33 theme natural 827:833 arg1 honey 835:839 the natural honey 823:839 the natural honey 823:839 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 2 34 contain have 419:422 arg1 intensity 388:396 the spectral background intensity 364:396 the spectral background intensity 364:396 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 2 34 contain have 419:422 arg1 profile 411:417 spectral profile 402:417 spectral profile 402:417 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 2 34 contain have 419:422 arg2 differences 429:439 some differences 424:439 some differences for different kinds of solutions 424:472 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 5 35 theme photoacoustic 950:962 arg1 spectrum 964:971 photoacoustic spectrum 950:971 photoacoustic spectrum 950:971 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 1 36 theme sucrose 121:127 arg1 spectrum 100:107 The photoacoustic spectrum 82:107 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range 82:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 4 37 from nm 686:687 arg1 peak 661:664 characteristic peak 646:664 characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose 646:699 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 5 38 theme material 1089:1096 arg1 composition 1098:1108 material composition 1089:1108 material composition 1089:1108 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 3 39 theme strong 528:533 arg1 value 540:544 strong peak value 528:544 strong peak value 528:544 The spectra of the three kinds of solutions all have strong peak value at 485 and 655 nm, but the intensity ratios between the two peaks are different. 26415423 4 40 from nm 758:759 arg1 peak 746:749 apparent characteristic peak 722:749 apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm 722:759 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 2 41 theme above 338:342 arg1 solutions 344:352 the above solutions 334:352 the above solutions 334:352 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 1 42 from glucose 112:118 arg1 range 164:168 the visible range 152:168 the visible range 152:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 4 43 theme characteristic 731:744 arg1 peak 746:749 apparent characteristic peak 722:749 apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm 722:759 Besides, there are characteristic peak at 475, 576 and 630 nm for glucose, and the sucrose has apparent characteristic peak at 632 nm, these characteristic peaks can be used for detecting whether the natural honey has been added glucose or sucrose. 26415423 1 44 theme honey 133:137 arg1 solutions 139:147 honey solutions 133:147 honey solutions 133:147 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 5 45 theme spectrum 902:909 arg1 kinds 893:897 two kinds 889:897 two kinds of spectrum of the same solution 889:930 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 5 46 theme solution 923:930 arg1 spectrum 902:909 spectrum 902:909 spectrum of the same solution 902:930 By comparing two kinds of spectrum of the same solution, the intensity of photoacoustic spectrum is more responsive to the wavelength, indicating photoacoustic spectrometry has a higher sensitivity in the test of material composition. 26415423 2 47 theme background 377:386 arg1 intensity 388:396 the spectral background intensity 364:396 the spectral background intensity 364:396 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 26415423 1 48 from spectrum 100:107 arg1 range 164:168 the visible range 152:168 the visible range 152:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 0 49 theme Photoacoustic 54:66 arg1 Spectroscopy 68:79 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy 54:79 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy 54:79 The Application of Quality Identification in Honey by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. 26415423 1 50 from range 164:168 arg1 spectrum 100:107 The photoacoustic spectrum 82:107 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range 82:168 The photoacoustic spectrum of glucose, sucrose and honey solutions in the visible range are measured by using the single-light photoacoustic spectrometer, and are compared with the spectra from spedtrophotometry method. 26415423 2 51 theme spectral 368:375 arg1 intensity 388:396 the spectral background intensity 364:396 the spectral background intensity 364:396 The spectral characteristics of the above solutions show that the spectral background intensity and spectral profile have some differences for different kinds of solutions. 25544040 3 0 theme chitosan 526:533 arg1 classes 427:433 two classes 423:433 two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 423:581 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 5 1 theme degradation 764:774 arg1 profile 776:782 degradation profile 764:782 degradation profile 764:782 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 5 2 theme compressive 785:795 arg1 strength 797:804 compressive strength 785:804 compressive strength 785:804 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 6 3 theme better 905:910 arg1 blend 912:916 a better blend 903:916 a better blend for tissue engineering applications 903:952 From these preliminary findings, it was concluded that Alginate/O-CMC formed a better blend for tissue engineering applications. 25544040 7 4 theme formed 976:981 arg1 hydrogel 983:990 the formed hydrogel 972:990 the formed hydrogel 972:990 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 9 5 theme injectable 1323:1332 arg1 gels 1334:1337 These injectable gels 1317:1337 These injectable gels 1317:1337 These injectable gels have potential in soft tissue regeneration. 25544040 2 6 theme uniform 304:310 arg1 distribution 312:323 uniform distribution 304:323 uniform distribution of cells 304:332 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 3 7 theme vinyl 562:566 arg1 Alginate/poly 547:559 Alginate/poly 547:559 Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 547:581 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 3 7 theme vinyl 562:566 arg1 alcohol 568:574 vinyl alcohol 562:574 vinyl alcohol 562:574 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 8 8 theme Oil 1287:1289 arg1 O 1295:1295 Oil Red O 1287:1295 Oil Red O staining technique 1287:1314 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 8 9 theme Cell 1169:1172 arg1 studies 1190:1196 Cell differentiation studies 1169:1196 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1169:1238 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 8 10 theme staining 1297:1304 arg1 technique 1306:1314 Oil Red O staining technique 1287:1314 Oil Red O staining technique 1287:1314 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 8 11 theme scaffolds 1230:1238 arg1 studies 1190:1196 Cell differentiation studies 1169:1196 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1169:1238 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 8 12 theme hydrogel 1221:1228 arg1 scaffolds 1230:1238 fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1201:1238 fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1201:1238 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 1 13 theme Injectable 109:118 arg1 scaffolds 135:143 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds 109:143 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds 109:143 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds are required for soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach. 25544040 1 14 theme invasive 212:219 arg1 approach 221:228 its minimally invasive approach 198:228 its minimally invasive approach 198:228 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds are required for soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach. 25544040 0 15 theme alginate-O-carboxymethyl 11:34 arg1 composite 57:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering. 25544040 7 16 theme adipose 1050:1056 arg1 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 7 16 theme adipose 1050:1056 arg1 cells 1071:1075 adipose derived stem cells 1050:1075 adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) 1050:1083 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 4 17 theme ionic 666:670 arg1 method 686:691 ionic cross-linking method 666:691 ionic cross-linking method 666:691 The hydrogels were prepared by ionic cross-linking method. 25544040 0 18 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 composite 57:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering. 25544040 0 19 theme fibrin 50:55 arg1 composite 57:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering. 25544040 5 20 theme elastic 810:816 arg1 moduli 818:823 elastic moduli 810:823 elastic moduli 810:823 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 5 21 theme developed 698:706 arg1 hydrogels 708:716 The developed hydrogels 694:716 The developed hydrogels 694:716 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 8 22 theme fibrin 1201:1206 arg1 scaffolds 1230:1238 fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1201:1238 fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1201:1238 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 2 23 theme cells 328:332 arg1 distribution 312:323 uniform distribution 304:323 uniform distribution of cells 304:332 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 9 24 contain have 1339:1342 arg2 potential 1344:1352 potential 1344:1352 potential 1344:1352 These injectable gels have potential in soft tissue regeneration. 25544040 9 24 contain have 1339:1342 arg1 gels 1334:1337 These injectable gels 1317:1337 These injectable gels 1317:1337 These injectable gels have potential in soft tissue regeneration. 25544040 3 25 theme hydrogel 470:477 arg1 systems 485:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 0 26 theme chitosan/nano 36:48 arg1 composite 57:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite 0:65 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering. 25544040 9 27 theme tissue 1362:1367 arg1 regeneration 1369:1380 soft tissue regeneration 1357:1380 soft tissue regeneration 1357:1380 These injectable gels have potential in soft tissue regeneration. 25544040 3 28 theme Alginate/O-carboxymethyl 501:524 arg1 O-CMC 536:540 O-CMC 536:540 O-CMC 536:540 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 3 28 theme Alginate/O-carboxymethyl 501:524 arg1 chitosan 526:533 Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan 501:533 Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) 501:541 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 3 29 theme blend 479:483 arg1 systems 485:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 5 30 theme profile 776:782 arg1 terms 735:739 terms 735:739 terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli 735:823 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 2 31 theme donor 364:368 arg1 etc 399:401 etc 399:401 etc 399:401 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 31 theme donor 364:368 arg1 morbidity 375:383 donor site morbidity 364:383 donor site morbidity 364:383 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 31 theme donor 364:368 arg1 loss 393:396 volume loss 386:396 volume loss 386:396 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 7 32 theme derived 1058:1064 arg1 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 7 32 theme derived 1058:1064 arg1 cells 1071:1075 adipose derived stem cells 1050:1075 adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) 1050:1083 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 2 33 theme extracellular 268:280 arg1 ECM 290:292 ECM 290:292 ECM 290:292 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 33 theme extracellular 268:280 arg1 matrix 282:287 the native extracellular matrix 257:287 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 257:293 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 3 34 from inclusion 592:600 arg1 each 629:632 each 629:632 each 629:632 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 8 35 theme O 1295:1295 arg1 technique 1306:1314 Oil Red O staining technique 1287:1314 Oil Red O staining technique 1287:1314 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 8 36 theme better 1247:1252 arg1 differentiation 1254:1268 better differentiation 1247:1268 better differentiation 1247:1268 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 7 37 theme stem 1066:1069 arg1 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 7 37 theme stem 1066:1069 arg1 cells 1071:1075 adipose derived stem cells 1050:1075 adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) 1050:1083 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 2 38 theme native 261:266 arg1 ECM 290:292 ECM 290:292 ECM 290:292 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 38 theme native 261:266 arg1 matrix 282:287 the native extracellular matrix 257:287 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 257:293 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 3 39 theme biodegradable 456:468 arg1 systems 485:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 0 40 theme adipose 81:87 arg1 engineering 96:106 adipose tissue engineering 81:106 adipose tissue engineering 81:106 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering. 25544040 8 41 theme incorporated 1208:1219 arg1 scaffolds 1230:1238 fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1201:1238 fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1201:1238 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 5 42 theme ratio 757:761 arg1 terms 735:739 terms 735:739 terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli 735:823 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 7 43 from survival 1038:1045 arg1 scaffold 1092:1099 the scaffold 1088:1099 the scaffold 1088:1099 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 2 44 theme site 370:373 arg1 etc 399:401 etc 399:401 etc 399:401 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 44 theme site 370:373 arg1 morbidity 375:383 donor site morbidity 364:383 donor site morbidity 364:383 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 44 theme site 370:373 arg1 loss 393:396 volume loss 386:396 volume loss 386:396 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 5 45 theme strength 797:804 arg1 terms 735:739 terms 735:739 terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli 735:823 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 7 46 theme cells 1071:1075 arg1 survival 1038:1045 the survival 1034:1045 the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold 1034:1099 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 5 47 theme moduli 818:823 arg1 terms 735:739 terms 735:739 terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli 735:823 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 1 48 dep Injectable 109:118 arg1 biodegradable 121:133 biodegradable 121:133 biodegradable 121:133 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds are required for soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach. 25544040 6 49 theme engineering 929:939 arg1 applications 941:952 tissue engineering applications 922:952 tissue engineering applications 922:952 From these preliminary findings, it was concluded that Alginate/O-CMC formed a better blend for tissue engineering applications. 25544040 6 50 theme preliminary 837:847 arg1 findings 849:856 these preliminary findings 831:856 these preliminary findings 831:856 From these preliminary findings, it was concluded that Alginate/O-CMC formed a better blend for tissue engineering applications. 25544040 3 51 theme nanoparticles 612:624 arg1 inclusion 592:600 the inclusion 588:600 the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each 588:632 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 4 52 theme cross-linking 672:684 arg1 method 686:691 ionic cross-linking method 666:691 ionic cross-linking method 666:691 The hydrogels were prepared by ionic cross-linking method. 25544040 1 53 theme soft 162:165 arg1 reconstruction 174:187 soft tissue reconstruction 162:187 soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach 162:228 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds are required for soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach. 25544040 3 54 theme Alginate/poly 547:559 arg1 classes 427:433 two classes 423:433 two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 423:581 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 8 55 theme differentiation 1174:1188 arg1 studies 1190:1196 Cell differentiation studies 1169:1196 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds 1169:1238 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 9 56 theme soft 1357:1360 arg1 regeneration 1369:1380 soft tissue regeneration 1357:1380 soft tissue regeneration 1357:1380 These injectable gels have potential in soft tissue regeneration. 25544040 1 57 theme tissue 167:172 arg1 reconstruction 174:187 soft tissue reconstruction 162:187 soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach 162:228 Injectable, biodegradable scaffolds are required for soft tissue reconstruction owing to its minimally invasive approach. 25544040 3 58 theme systems 485:491 arg1 classes 427:433 two classes 423:433 two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 423:581 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 5 59 theme swelling 748:755 arg1 ratio 757:761 its swelling ratio 744:761 its swelling ratio 744:761 The developed hydrogels were compared in terms of its swelling ratio, degradation profile, compressive strength and elastic moduli. 25544040 8 60 theme Red 1291:1293 arg1 O 1295:1295 Oil Red O 1287:1295 Oil Red O staining technique 1287:1314 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 25544040 7 61 theme injectable 998:1007 arg1 scaffold 1009:1016 an injectable scaffold 995:1016 an injectable scaffold 995:1016 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 7 62 link derived 1058:1064 arg1 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 ADSCs 1078:1082 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 7 62 link derived 1058:1064 arg1 cells 1071:1075 adipose derived stem cells 1050:1075 adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) 1050:1083 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 3 63 theme biocompatible 438:450 arg1 systems 485:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems 438:491 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 0 64 theme tissue 89:94 arg1 engineering 96:106 adipose tissue engineering 81:106 adipose tissue engineering 81:106 Injectable alginate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan/nano fibrin composite hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering. 25544040 6 65 theme tissue 922:927 arg1 applications 941:952 tissue engineering applications 922:952 tissue engineering applications 922:952 From these preliminary findings, it was concluded that Alginate/O-CMC formed a better blend for tissue engineering applications. 25544040 3 66 theme fibrin 605:610 arg1 nanoparticles 612:624 fibrin nanoparticles 605:624 fibrin nanoparticles 605:624 So, here we report two classes of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel blend systems namely, Alginate/O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and Alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the inclusion of fibrin nanoparticles in each. 25544040 7 67 theme hydrogel 983:990 arg1 potential 959:967 The potential 955:967 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold 955:1016 The potential of the formed hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was revealed by the survival of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the scaffold by its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes. 25544040 2 68 theme volume 386:391 arg1 morbidity 375:383 donor site morbidity 364:383 donor site morbidity 364:383 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 2 68 theme volume 386:391 arg1 loss 393:396 volume loss 386:396 volume loss 386:396 Such a scaffold can mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), provide uniform distribution of cells and overcome limitations like donor site morbidity, volume loss, etc. 25544040 8 69 dep showed 1240:1245 arg1 confirmed 1274:1282 confirmed 1274:1282 showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique 1240:1314 Cell differentiation studies of fibrin incorporated hydrogel scaffolds showed better differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining technique. 28748313 7 0 theme new 1026:1028 arg1 tissue 1035:1040 a new bone tissue 1024:1040 a new bone tissue 1024:1040 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 8 1 theme Raman 1187:1191 arg1 spectroscopy 1193:1204 Raman spectroscopy 1187:1204 Raman spectroscopy 1187:1204 Our study demonstrated that the composite may serve as a biocompatible background for collagen ingrowth and exhibits the advantages of applying Raman spectroscopy, SEM and microCT in studying these samples. 28748313 8 2 theme biocompatible 1100:1112 arg1 composite 1075:1083 the composite 1071:1083 the composite 1071:1083 Our study demonstrated that the composite may serve as a biocompatible background for collagen ingrowth and exhibits the advantages of applying Raman spectroscopy, SEM and microCT in studying these samples. 28748313 8 2 theme biocompatible 1100:1112 arg1 background 1114:1123 a biocompatible background 1098:1123 a biocompatible background for collagen ingrowth 1098:1145 Our study demonstrated that the composite may serve as a biocompatible background for collagen ingrowth and exhibits the advantages of applying Raman spectroscopy, SEM and microCT in studying these samples. 28748313 8 2 theme biocompatible 1100:1112 arg1 advantages 1164:1173 the advantages 1160:1173 the advantages of applying Raman spectroscopy, SEM and microCT in studying these samples 1160:1247 Our study demonstrated that the composite may serve as a biocompatible background for collagen ingrowth and exhibits the advantages of applying Raman spectroscopy, SEM and microCT in studying these samples. 28748313 7 3 theme Microscopic 912:922 arg1 images 924:929 Microscopic images 912:929 Microscopic images 912:929 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 6 4 theme defect 853:858 arg1 area 860:863 the defect area 849:863 the defect area 849:863 SEM analyses showed the mineralization degree in the defect area and that the gap size decreased significantly. 28748313 5 5 used used 704:707 arg2 spectroscopy 682:693 Raman spectroscopy 676:693 Raman spectroscopy 676:693 Raman spectroscopy was also used to assess the chemical changes in the composite before and after the implantation process. 28748313 7 6 theme mineralized 998:1008 arg1 side 1016:1019 the poorly mineralized inner side 987:1019 the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue 987:1040 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 7 7 theme inner 1010:1014 arg1 side 1016:1019 the poorly mineralized inner side 987:1019 the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue 987:1040 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 3 8 theme bone/implant 480:491 arg1 sections 493:500 non-decalcified bone/implant sections 464:500 non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period 464:537 The bone repair process was analyzed on non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period. 28748313 5 9 theme implantation 778:789 arg1 process 791:797 the implantation process 774:797 the implantation process 774:797 Raman spectroscopy was also used to assess the chemical changes in the composite before and after the implantation process. 28748313 0 10 theme New 0:2 arg1 approach 4:11 New approach 0:11 New approach 0:11 New approach in evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility. 28748313 4 11 theme spectroscopic 546:558 arg1 methods 560:566 spectroscopic methods 546:566 spectroscopic methods 546:566 Using spectroscopic methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides, lipids and assign the areas of newly formed bone tissue. 28748313 5 12 theme Raman 676:680 arg1 spectroscopy 682:693 Raman spectroscopy 676:693 Raman spectroscopy 676:693 Raman spectroscopy was also used to assess the chemical changes in the composite before and after the implantation process. 28748313 6 13 theme mineralization 824:837 arg1 degree 839:844 the mineralization degree 820:844 the mineralization degree in the defect area 820:863 SEM analyses showed the mineralization degree in the defect area and that the gap size decreased significantly. 28748313 1 14 theme Raman 208:212 arg1 spectroscopy 214:225 Raman spectroscopy 208:225 Raman spectroscopy 208:225 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 3 15 theme bone 428:431 arg1 process 440:446 The bone repair process 424:446 The bone repair process 424:446 The bone repair process was analyzed on non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period. 28748313 4 16 theme amides 611:616 arg1 presence 599:606 the presence 595:606 the presence of amides, lipids 595:624 Using spectroscopic methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides, lipids and assign the areas of newly formed bone tissue. 28748313 1 17 theme bone 106:109 arg1 defects 111:117 bone defects 106:117 bone defects 106:117 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 3 18 theme non-decalcified 464:478 arg1 sections 493:500 non-decalcified bone/implant sections 464:500 non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period 464:537 The bone repair process was analyzed on non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period. 28748313 2 19 theme tissue 340:345 arg1 engineering 347:357 bone tissue engineering 335:357 bone tissue engineering 335:357 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability was developed for bone tissue engineering and implanted into the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae. 28748313 3 20 theme regeneration 519:530 arg1 period 532:537 6-month regeneration period 511:537 6-month regeneration period 511:537 The bone repair process was analyzed on non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period. 28748313 2 21 theme bone 335:338 arg1 engineering 347:357 bone tissue engineering 335:357 bone tissue engineering 335:357 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability was developed for bone tissue engineering and implanted into the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae. 28748313 4 22 theme tissue 668:673 arg1 areas 641:645 the areas 637:645 the areas of newly formed bone tissue 637:673 Using spectroscopic methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides, lipids and assign the areas of newly formed bone tissue. 28748313 0 23 theme ceramic-polymer 30:44 arg1 bioactivity 56:66 ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity 30:66 ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity 30:66 New approach in evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility. 28748313 2 24 theme elastic 265:271 arg1 biomaterial 273:283 The elastic biomaterial 261:283 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability 261:315 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability was developed for bone tissue engineering and implanted into the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae. 28748313 6 25 from degree 839:844 arg1 area 860:863 the defect area 849:863 the defect area 849:863 SEM analyses showed the mineralization degree in the defect area and that the gap size decreased significantly. 28748313 8 26 theme collagen 1129:1136 arg1 ingrowth 1138:1145 collagen ingrowth 1129:1145 collagen ingrowth 1129:1145 Our study demonstrated that the composite may serve as a biocompatible background for collagen ingrowth and exhibits the advantages of applying Raman spectroscopy, SEM and microCT in studying these samples. 28748313 1 27 theme electron 240:247 arg1 microscopy 249:258 electron microscopy 240:258 electron microscopy 240:258 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 3 28 theme repair 433:438 arg1 process 440:446 The bone repair process 424:446 The bone repair process 424:446 The bone repair process was analyzed on non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period. 28748313 2 29 with biomaterial 273:283 arg1 ability 309:315 an apatite-forming ability 290:315 an apatite-forming ability 290:315 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability was developed for bone tissue engineering and implanted into the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae. 28748313 6 30 theme SEM 800:802 arg1 analyses 804:811 SEM analyses 800:811 SEM analyses 800:811 SEM analyses showed the mineralization degree in the defect area and that the gap size decreased significantly. 28748313 2 31 theme critical-size 382:394 arg1 defects 396:402 the critical-size defects 378:402 the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae 378:421 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability was developed for bone tissue engineering and implanted into the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae. 28748313 0 32 theme composite 46:54 arg1 bioactivity 56:66 ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity 30:66 ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity 30:66 New approach in evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility. 28748313 6 33 theme gap 878:880 arg1 size 882:885 the gap size 874:885 the gap size 874:885 SEM analyses showed the mineralization degree in the defect area and that the gap size decreased significantly. 28748313 5 34 theme chemical 723:730 arg1 changes 732:738 the chemical changes 719:738 the chemical changes in the composite before and after the implantation process 719:797 Raman spectroscopy was also used to assess the chemical changes in the composite before and after the implantation process. 28748313 2 35 theme apatite-forming 293:307 arg1 ability 309:315 an apatite-forming ability 290:315 an apatite-forming ability 290:315 The elastic biomaterial with an apatite-forming ability was developed for bone tissue engineering and implanted into the critical-size defects of rabbits' tibiae. 28748313 1 36 theme defects 111:117 arg1 Regeneration 90:101 Regeneration 90:101 Regeneration of bone defects 90:117 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 7 37 theme bone 1030:1033 arg1 tissue 1035:1040 a new bone tissue 1024:1040 a new bone tissue 1024:1040 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 1 38 theme novel 137:141 arg1 composite 177:185 a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite 135:185 a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite 135:185 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 5 39 from changes 732:738 arg1 composite 747:755 the composite 743:755 the composite 743:755 Raman spectroscopy was also used to assess the chemical changes in the composite before and after the implantation process. 28748313 0 40 theme biocompatibility 72:87 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility 16:87 New approach in evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility. 28748313 3 41 theme 6-month 511:517 arg1 period 532:537 6-month regeneration period 511:537 6-month regeneration period 511:537 The bone repair process was analyzed on non-decalcified bone/implant sections during a 6-month regeneration period. 28748313 0 42 dep approach 4:11 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility 16:87 New approach in evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility. 28748313 7 43 theme tissue 1035:1040 arg1 side 1016:1019 the poorly mineralized inner side 987:1019 the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue 987:1040 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 1 44 theme β-glucan/carbonate 143:160 arg1 composite 177:185 a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite 135:185 a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite 135:185 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 7 45 theme implant 949:955 arg1 debris 957:962 the implant debris 945:962 the implant debris 945:962 Microscopic images revealed that the implant debris were interconnected to the poorly mineralized inner side of a new bone tissue. 28748313 4 46 theme bone 663:666 arg1 tissue 668:673 newly formed bone tissue 650:673 newly formed bone tissue 650:673 Using spectroscopic methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides, lipids and assign the areas of newly formed bone tissue. 28748313 0 47 theme bioactivity 56:66 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility 16:87 New approach in evaluation of ceramic-polymer composite bioactivity and biocompatibility. 28748313 1 48 theme hydroxyapatite 162:175 arg1 composite 177:185 a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite 135:185 a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite 135:185 Regeneration of bone defects was promoted by a novel β-glucan/carbonate hydroxyapatite composite and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, microCT and electron microscopy. 28748313 4 49 theme formed 656:661 arg1 tissue 668:673 newly formed bone tissue 650:673 newly formed bone tissue 650:673 Using spectroscopic methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides, lipids and assign the areas of newly formed bone tissue. 24586916 4 0 from domains 615:621 arg1 grain 632:636 wheat grain 626:636 wheat grain 626:636 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 7 1 from function 1163:1170 arg1 grain 1191:1195 wheat grain 1185:1195 wheat grain 1185:1195 Our findings raise questions about the function of pectin in wheat grain. 24586916 4 2 theme cell 711:714 arg1 polymers 721:728 the major cell wall polymers 701:728 the major cell wall polymers 701:728 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 2 3 theme simple 345:350 arg1 walls 305:309 cell walls 300:309 cell walls in wheat grains 300:325 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 2 3 theme simple 345:350 arg1 walls 352:356 simple walls 345:356 simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans 345:421 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 1 4 theme cell 254:257 arg1 types 259:263 cell types 254:263 cell types 254:263 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 0 5 theme development-associated 72:93 arg1 distribution 95:106 specific spatial and development-associated distribution 51:106 specific spatial and development-associated distribution 51:106 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 6 6 from bodies 1048:1053 arg1 testa 1073:1077 testa 1073:1077 testa 1073:1077 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 6 6 from bodies 1048:1053 arg1 coat 1067:1070 the seed coat 1058:1070 the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development 1058:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 4 7 theme major 705:709 arg1 polymers 721:728 the major cell wall polymers 701:728 the major cell wall polymers 701:728 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 6 8 theme large 1032:1036 arg1 bodies 1048:1053 large vesicular bodies 1032:1053 large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development 1032:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 5 9 theme spatial 740:746 arg1 distributions 748:760 Distinct spatial distributions 731:760 Distinct spatial distributions 731:760 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 2 10 from walls 305:309 arg1 grains 320:325 wheat grains 314:325 wheat grains 314:325 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 4 11 from discovery 595:603 arg1 grain 632:636 wheat grain 626:636 wheat grain 626:636 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 3 12 theme wheat 560:564 arg1 grains 566:571 the wheat grains 556:571 the wheat grains 556:571 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 1 13 theme development 269:279 arg1 stages 281:286 development stages 269:286 development stages 269:286 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 5 14 theme present 801:807 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 780:797 rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 780:915 rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 780:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 15 theme developmental 928:940 arg1 regulations 942:952 tight developmental regulations 922:952 tight developmental regulations 922:952 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 3 16 theme polysaccharides 537:551 arg1 synthesis 504:512 the synthesis 500:512 the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains 500:571 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 3 17 theme transcriptomic 438:451 arg1 studies 453:459 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies 424:459 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies 424:459 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 6 18 theme homogalacturonan 1011:1026 arg1 deposition 997:1006 a massive deposition 987:1006 a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development 987:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 6 19 theme vesicular 1038:1046 arg1 bodies 1048:1053 large vesicular bodies 1032:1053 large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development 1032:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 6 20 theme thick 1090:1094 arg1 cuticle 1096:1102 a thick cuticle 1088:1102 a thick cuticle during development 1088:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 0 21 theme wheat 4:8 arg1 grain 10:14 The wheat grain 0:14 The wheat grain 0:14 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 1 22 theme plant 155:159 arg1 cells 161:165 plant cells 155:165 plant cells 155:165 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 0 23 contain contains 16:23 arg1 grain 10:14 The wheat grain 0:14 The wheat grain 0:14 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 0 23 contain contains 16:23 arg2 domains 32:38 pectic domains 25:38 pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution 25:106 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 3 24 dep many 517:520 arg1 more 522:525 more 522:525 more 522:525 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 3 25 theme Proteomic 424:432 arg1 studies 453:459 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies 424:459 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies 424:459 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 6 26 theme seed 1062:1065 arg1 testa 1073:1077 testa 1073:1077 testa 1073:1077 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 6 26 theme seed 1062:1065 arg1 coat 1067:1070 the seed coat 1058:1070 the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development 1058:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 7 27 theme pectin 1175:1180 arg1 function 1163:1170 the function 1159:1170 the function of pectin in wheat grain 1159:1195 Our findings raise questions about the function of pectin in wheat grain. 24586916 3 28 from synthesis 504:512 arg1 grains 566:571 the wheat grains 556:571 the wheat grains 556:571 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 1 29 theme Cell 109:112 arg1 walls 114:118 Cell walls 109:118 Cell walls 109:118 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 1 29 theme Cell 109:112 arg1 structures 132:141 complex structures 124:141 complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages 124:286 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 5 30 theme outer 904:908 arg1 layers 910:915 the outer layers 900:915 the outer layers 900:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 2 31 theme cell 300:303 arg1 walls 352:356 simple walls 345:356 simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans 345:421 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 2 31 theme cell 300:303 arg1 walls 305:309 cell walls 300:309 cell walls in wheat grains 300:325 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 5 32 theme aleurone 844:851 arg1 layer 853:857 the aleurone layer 840:857 the aleurone layer 840:857 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 6 33 theme massive 989:995 arg1 deposition 997:1006 a massive deposition 987:1006 a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development 987:1121 We also uncovered a massive deposition of homogalacturonan via large vesicular bodies in the seed coat (testa) beneath a thick cuticle during development. 24586916 5 34 from layer 853:857 arg1 present 801:807 present 801:807 present 801:807 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 35 theme tight 922:926 arg1 regulations 942:952 tight developmental regulations 922:952 tight developmental regulations 922:952 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 3 36 theme many 517:520 arg1 polysaccharides 537:551 many more cell wall polysaccharides 517:551 many more cell wall polysaccharides 517:551 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 5 37 located found 891:895 arg1 layers 910:915 the outer layers 900:915 the outer layers 900:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 37 located found 891:895 arg2 homogalacturonan 863:878 homogalacturonan 863:878 homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 863:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 4 38 theme monoclonal 644:653 arg1 antibodies 655:664 monoclonal antibodies 644:664 monoclonal antibodies 644:664 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 4 39 from grain 632:636 arg1 discovery 595:603 the discovery 591:603 the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain 591:636 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 2 40 theme beta 410:413 arg1 glucans 415:421 mixed-linked beta glucans 397:421 mixed-linked beta glucans 397:421 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 0 41 theme pectic 25:30 arg1 domains 32:38 pectic domains 25:38 pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution 25:106 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 5 42 theme Distinct 731:738 arg1 distributions 748:760 Distinct spatial distributions 731:760 Distinct spatial distributions 731:760 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 43 from homogalacturonan 863:878 arg1 present 801:807 present 801:807 present 801:807 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 3 44 theme enzyme 472:477 arg1 families 479:486 enzyme families 472:486 enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains 472:571 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 0 45 theme specific 51:58 arg1 distribution 95:106 specific spatial and development-associated distribution 51:106 specific spatial and development-associated distribution 51:106 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 1 46 theme complex 124:130 arg1 walls 114:118 Cell walls 109:118 Cell walls 109:118 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 1 46 theme complex 124:130 arg1 structures 132:141 complex structures 124:141 complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages 124:286 Cell walls are complex structures surrounding plant cells with a composition that varies among species and even within a species between organs, cell types and development stages. 24586916 5 47 from present 801:807 arg1 endosperm 816:824 the endosperm 812:824 the endosperm 812:824 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 47 from present 801:807 arg1 homogalacturonan 863:878 homogalacturonan 863:878 homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 863:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 47 from present 801:807 arg1 layer 853:857 the aleurone layer 840:857 the aleurone layer 840:857 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 48 attach present 801:807 arg1 endosperm 816:824 the endosperm 812:824 the endosperm 812:824 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 48 attach present 801:807 arg1 homogalacturonan 863:878 homogalacturonan 863:878 homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 863:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 48 attach present 801:807 arg2 rhamnogalacturonan 780:797 rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 780:915 rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers 780:915 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 5 48 attach present 801:807 arg1 layer 853:857 the aleurone layer 840:857 the aleurone layer 840:857 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 4 49 theme wall 716:719 arg1 polymers 721:728 the major cell wall polymers 701:728 the major cell wall polymers 701:728 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 2 50 link mixed-linked 397:408 arg1 glucans 415:421 mixed-linked beta glucans 397:421 mixed-linked beta glucans 397:421 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 4 51 theme domains 615:621 arg1 discovery 595:603 the discovery 591:603 the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain 591:636 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 2 52 theme wheat 314:318 arg1 grains 320:325 wheat grains 314:325 wheat grains 314:325 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 4 53 theme pectic 608:613 arg1 domains 615:621 pectic domains 608:621 pectic domains in wheat grain 608:636 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 2 54 theme mixed-linked 397:408 arg1 glucans 415:421 mixed-linked beta glucans 397:421 mixed-linked beta glucans 397:421 For years, cell walls in wheat grains were described as simple walls consisting mostly of arabinoxylans and mixed-linked beta glucans. 24586916 3 55 theme cell 527:530 arg1 polysaccharides 537:551 many more cell wall polysaccharides 517:551 many more cell wall polysaccharides 517:551 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 24586916 4 56 theme enzymatic 670:678 arg1 treatment 680:688 enzymatic treatment 670:688 enzymatic treatment 670:688 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 4 57 theme wheat 626:630 arg1 grain 632:636 wheat grain 626:636 wheat grain 626:636 Here we describe the discovery of pectic domains in wheat grain using monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic treatment to degrade the major cell wall polymers. 24586916 0 58 theme spatial 60:66 arg1 distribution 95:106 specific spatial and development-associated distribution 51:106 specific spatial and development-associated distribution 51:106 The wheat grain contains pectic domains exhibiting specific spatial and development-associated distribution. 24586916 5 59 from endosperm 816:824 arg1 present 801:807 present 801:807 present 801:807 Distinct spatial distributions were observed for rhamnogalacturonan I present in the endosperm and mostly in the aleurone layer and homogalacturonan especially found in the outer layers, and tight developmental regulations were unveiled. 24586916 7 60 theme wheat 1185:1189 arg1 grain 1191:1195 wheat grain 1185:1195 wheat grain 1185:1195 Our findings raise questions about the function of pectin in wheat grain. 24586916 3 61 theme wall 532:535 arg1 polysaccharides 537:551 many more cell wall polysaccharides 517:551 many more cell wall polysaccharides 517:551 Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified enzyme families involved in the synthesis of many more cell wall polysaccharides in the wheat grains. 26305273 4 0 theme active 809:814 arg1 ingredients 816:826 both active ingredients 804:826 both active ingredients 804:826 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 3 1 from level 512:516 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 7 2 theme alginate 1282:1289 arg1 derivatives 1291:1301 alginate derivatives 1282:1301 alginate derivatives 1282:1301 However, it will be necessary to use alginate derivatives to reduce its solubility and improve its mechanical behaviour. 26305273 1 3 theme alginate 151:158 arg1 nano-composite 160:173 alginate nano-composite 151:173 alginate nano-composite 151:173 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 6 4 theme good 1128:1131 arg1 parameters 1147:1156 good encapsulation parameters 1128:1156 good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability 1128:1213 The results obtained with SFDA were promising because this NP showed good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability by E. coli and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 5 from yield 492:496 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 2 6 theme Spray 286:290 arg1 alternative 366:376 an alternative 363:376 an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP) 363:437 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). 26305273 2 6 theme Spray 286:290 arg1 freeze-drying 292:304 Spray freeze-drying 286:304 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) 286:345 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). 26305273 3 7 from prednisolone 521:532 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 4 8 dep properties 694:703 arg1 structure 712:720 structure 712:720 structure 712:720 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 4 8 dep properties 694:703 arg1 behaviour 736:744 viscoelastic behaviour 723:744 viscoelastic behaviour 723:744 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 4 8 dep properties 694:703 arg1 size 706:709 size 706:709 size 706:709 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 4 9 theme ingredients 816:826 arg1 release 793:799 a higher mean release 779:799 a higher mean release of both active ingredients 779:826 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 3 10 theme prednisolone 521:532 arg1 yield 492:496 their yield 486:496 their yield of particles 486:509 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 10 theme prednisolone 521:532 arg1 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry 589:654 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 10 theme prednisolone 521:532 arg1 level 512:516 level 512:516 level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers 512:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 4 11 theme similar 686:692 arg1 properties 694:703 similar properties 686:703 similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour) 686:745 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 4 12 theme mean 788:791 arg1 release 793:799 a higher mean release 779:799 a higher mean release of both active ingredients 779:826 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 7 13 theme mechanical 1344:1353 arg1 behaviour 1355:1363 its mechanical behaviour 1340:1363 its mechanical behaviour 1340:1363 However, it will be necessary to use alginate derivatives to reduce its solubility and improve its mechanical behaviour. 26305273 1 14 theme nano-composite 160:173 arg1 carriers 180:187 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers 138:187 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin 138:252 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 0 15 theme Alginate 91:98 arg1 Nano-Particles 100:113 Alginate Nano-Particles 91:113 Alginate Nano-Particles 91:113 Spray Freeze-Drying as an Alternative to the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon. 26305273 4 16 theme higher 781:786 arg1 release 793:799 a higher mean release 779:799 a higher mean release of both active ingredients 779:826 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 3 17 from sensitivity 589:599 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 18 theme release 545:551 arg1 yield 492:496 their yield 486:496 their yield of particles 486:509 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 18 theme release 545:551 arg1 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry 589:654 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 18 theme release 545:551 arg1 level 512:516 level 512:516 level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers 512:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 0 19 dep Method 60:65 arg1 Produce 70:76 Produce 70:76 to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon 67:135 Spray Freeze-Drying as an Alternative to the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon. 26305273 6 20 theme active 1167:1172 arg1 ingredients 1174:1184 active ingredients 1167:1184 active ingredients 1167:1184 The results obtained with SFDA were promising because this NP showed good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability by E. coli and faecal slurry. 26305273 2 21 theme chitosan-tripolyphosphate 397:421 arg1 CTPP 433:436 CTPP 433:436 CTPP 433:436 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). 26305273 2 21 theme chitosan-tripolyphosphate 397:421 arg1 platform 423:430 the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform 381:430 the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP) 381:437 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). 26305273 1 22 contain containing 219:228 arg1 delivery 210:217 colonic delivery 202:217 colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin 202:252 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 1 22 contain containing 219:228 arg2 inulin 247:252 inulin 247:252 inulin 247:252 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 1 22 contain containing 219:228 arg2 prednisolone 230:241 prednisolone 230:241 prednisolone 230:241 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 4 23 theme encapsulation 856:868 arg1 efficiency 842:851 similar efficiency 834:851 similar efficiency of encapsulation 834:868 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 4 23 theme encapsulation 856:868 arg1 capacity 882:889 loading capacity 874:889 loading capacity for prednisolone 874:906 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 3 24 theme inulin 538:543 arg1 release 545:551 inulin release 538:551 inulin release 538:551 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 2 25 theme traditional 385:395 arg1 CTPP 433:436 CTPP 433:436 CTPP 433:436 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). 26305273 2 25 theme traditional 385:395 arg1 platform 423:430 the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform 381:430 the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP) 381:437 Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). 26305273 3 26 theme Krebs 570:574 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 27 from buffers 576:582 arg1 yield 492:496 their yield 486:496 their yield of particles 486:509 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 27 from buffers 576:582 arg1 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry 589:654 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 27 from buffers 576:582 arg1 level 512:516 level 512:516 level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers 512:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 6 28 theme biological 1190:1199 arg1 degradability 1201:1213 biological degradability 1190:1213 biological degradability 1190:1213 The results obtained with SFDA were promising because this NP showed good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability by E. coli and faecal slurry. 26305273 4 29 theme loading 874:880 arg1 capacity 882:889 loading capacity 874:889 loading capacity for prednisolone 874:906 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 1 30 theme colonic 202:208 arg1 delivery 210:217 colonic delivery 202:217 colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin 202:252 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 0 31 theme Ionic 45:49 arg1 Method 60:65 the Ionic Gelation Method 41:65 the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon 41:135 Spray Freeze-Drying as an Alternative to the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon. 26305273 4 32 theme similar 834:840 arg1 efficiency 842:851 similar efficiency 834:851 similar efficiency of encapsulation 834:868 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 5 33 theme B. 1013:1014 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 1016:1031 B. thetaiotaomicron 1013:1031 B. thetaiotaomicron 1013:1031 SFDC was less degraded in the presence of lysozyme and E. coli and was degraded by B. thetaiotaomicron but not by faecal slurry. 26305273 3 34 theme phosphate 556:564 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 35 theme faecal 642:647 arg1 slurry 649:654 faecal slurry 642:654 faecal slurry 642:654 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 5 36 theme lysozyme 972:979 arg1 presence 960:967 the presence 956:967 the presence of lysozyme and E. coli 956:991 SFDC was less degraded in the presence of lysozyme and E. coli and was degraded by B. thetaiotaomicron but not by faecal slurry. 26305273 6 37 theme encapsulation 1133:1145 arg1 parameters 1147:1156 good encapsulation parameters 1128:1156 good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability 1128:1213 The results obtained with SFDA were promising because this NP showed good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability by E. coli and faecal slurry. 26305273 6 38 theme faecal 1230:1235 arg1 slurry 1237:1242 faecal slurry 1230:1242 faecal slurry 1230:1242 The results obtained with SFDA were promising because this NP showed good encapsulation parameters for both active ingredients and biological degradability by E. coli and faecal slurry. 26305273 5 39 theme coli 988:991 arg1 presence 960:967 the presence 956:967 the presence of lysozyme and E. coli 956:991 SFDC was less degraded in the presence of lysozyme and E. coli and was degraded by B. thetaiotaomicron but not by faecal slurry. 26305273 4 40 theme viscoelastic 723:734 arg1 behaviour 736:744 viscoelastic behaviour 723:744 viscoelastic behaviour 723:744 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 4 40 theme viscoelastic 723:734 arg1 size 706:709 size 706:709 size 706:709 NPs based on chitosan showed similar properties (size, structure, viscoelastic behaviour), but those based on SFDC showed a higher mean release of both active ingredients, with similar efficiency of encapsulation and loading capacity for prednisolone but lower for inulin. 26305273 1 41 theme Chitosan 138:145 arg1 carriers 180:187 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers 138:187 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin 138:252 Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. 26305273 3 42 from release 545:551 arg1 buffers 576:582 phosphate and Krebs buffers 556:582 buffers 576:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 0 43 theme Gelation 51:58 arg1 Method 60:65 the Ionic Gelation Method 41:65 the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon 41:135 Spray Freeze-Drying as an Alternative to the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon. 26305273 5 44 theme faecal 1044:1049 arg1 slurry 1051:1056 faecal slurry 1044:1056 faecal slurry 1044:1056 SFDC was less degraded in the presence of lysozyme and E. coli and was degraded by B. thetaiotaomicron but not by faecal slurry. 26305273 3 45 theme particles 501:509 arg1 yield 492:496 their yield 486:496 their yield of particles 486:509 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 45 theme particles 501:509 arg1 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity 589:599 sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry 589:654 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 26305273 3 45 theme particles 501:509 arg1 level 512:516 level 512:516 level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers 512:582 NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry. 27526028 7 0 theme muscular 1254:1261 arg1 dystrophy 1263:1271 muscular dystrophy 1254:1271 muscular dystrophy 1254:1271 These results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. 27526028 5 1 from ion 891:893 arg1 domain 906:911 the LG4 domain 898:911 the LG4 domain 898:911 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 6 2 theme chelating 993:1001 arg1 mode 1011:1014 The chelating binding mode 989:1014 The chelating binding mode 989:1014 The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. 27526028 7 3 theme uncharacterized 1123:1137 arg1 mechanism 1139:1147 a previously uncharacterized mechanism 1110:1147 a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition 1110:1175 These results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. 27526028 1 4 from functions 157:165 arg1 system 202:207 the nervous system 190:207 the nervous system 190:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 1 4 from functions 157:165 arg1 muscle 179:184 skeletal muscle 170:184 skeletal muscle 170:184 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 2 5 theme dystrophy 344:352 arg1 forms 326:330 several forms 318:330 several forms of muscular dystrophy 318:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 5 6 theme water 972:976 arg1 molecules 978:986 Ca(2+)-bound water molecules 959:986 Ca(2+)-bound water molecules 959:986 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 4 7 dep 5 739:739 arg1 LG4 742:744 LG4 742:744 LG4 742:744 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 7 dep 5 739:739 arg1 LG5 750:752 LG5 750:752 LG5 750:752 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 8 theme binding 641:647 arg1 details 623:629 The atomic details 612:629 The atomic details of matrix binding 612:647 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 3 9 located present 567:573 arg1 α-DG 585:588 native α-DG 578:588 native α-DG from skeletal muscle 578:609 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 3 9 located present 567:573 arg2 polysaccharide 549:562 this polysaccharide 544:562 this polysaccharide 544:562 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 3 10 theme skeletal 595:602 arg1 muscle 604:609 skeletal muscle 595:609 skeletal muscle 595:609 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 4 11 theme matrix 634:639 arg1 binding 641:647 matrix binding 634:647 matrix binding 634:647 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 1 12 theme glycosylated 99:110 arg1 receptor 133:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor 90:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system 90:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 1 12 theme glycosylated 99:110 arg1 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 5 13 theme Ca 884:885 arg1 ion 891:893 a Ca(2+) ion 882:893 a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain 882:911 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 2 14 theme perturbed 265:273 arg1 glycosylation 275:287 perturbed glycosylation 265:287 perturbed glycosylation 265:287 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 1 15 theme skeletal 170:177 arg1 muscle 179:184 skeletal muscle 170:184 skeletal muscle 170:184 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 5 16 theme glucuronic 824:833 arg1 repeat 865:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 1 17 with receptor 133:140 arg1 functions 157:165 essential functions 147:165 essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system 147:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 7 18 theme carbohydrate 1152:1163 arg1 recognition 1165:1175 carbohydrate recognition 1152:1175 carbohydrate recognition 1152:1175 These results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. 27526028 4 19 theme LARGE-synthesized 780:796 arg1 oligosaccharide 798:812 a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 778:812 a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 778:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 20 theme laminin-G-like 705:718 arg1 laminin-α2 758:767 laminin-α2 758:767 laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 758:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 20 theme laminin-G-like 705:718 arg1 domains 725:731 laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) 705:753 laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 705:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 20 theme laminin-G-like 705:718 arg1 LG 721:722 LG 721:722 LG 721:722 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 5 21 theme acid-β1,3-xylose 835:850 arg1 repeat 865:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 3 22 theme native 578:583 arg1 α-DG 585:588 native α-DG 578:588 native α-DG from skeletal muscle 578:609 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 6 23 theme protein-carbohydrate 1055:1074 arg1 interaction 1076:1086 this protein-carbohydrate interaction 1050:1086 this protein-carbohydrate interaction 1050:1086 The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. 27526028 0 24 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 basis 11:15 Structural basis 0:15 Structural basis of laminin 0:26 Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan. 27526028 0 25 theme laminin 20:26 arg1 basis 11:15 Structural basis 0:15 Structural basis of laminin 0:26 Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan. 27526028 5 26 theme disaccharide 852:863 arg1 repeat 865:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 2 27 theme pathological 294:305 arg1 feature 307:313 a pathological feature 292:313 a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy 292:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 2 27 theme pathological 294:305 arg1 binding 225:231 Reduced matrix binding 210:231 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation 210:287 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 1 28 theme nervous 194:200 arg1 system 202:207 the nervous system 190:207 the nervous system 190:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 7 29 theme structural 1191:1200 arg1 framework 1202:1210 a structural framework 1189:1210 a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy 1189:1271 These results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. 27526028 4 30 theme atomic 616:621 arg1 details 623:629 The atomic details 612:629 The atomic details of matrix binding 612:647 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 1 31 gly glycosylated 99:110 arg1 receptor 133:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor 90:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system 90:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 1 31 gly glycosylated 99:110 arg1 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 4 32 theme laminin-α2 758:767 arg1 laminin-α2 758:767 laminin-α2 758:767 laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 758:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 32 theme laminin-α2 758:767 arg1 domains 725:731 laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) 705:753 laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 705:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 32 theme laminin-α2 758:767 arg1 LG 721:722 LG 721:722 LG 721:722 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 33 theme high-resolution 668:682 arg1 structure 692:700 a high-resolution crystal structure 666:700 a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 666:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 3 34 theme [-glucuronic 450:461 arg1 n. 486:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. 410:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion 410:525 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 6 35 theme high 1033:1036 arg1 affinity 1038:1045 the high affinity 1029:1045 the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction 1029:1086 The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. 27526028 3 36 theme dual 497:500 arg1 digestion 517:525 a dual exoglycosidase digestion 495:525 a dual exoglycosidase digestion 495:525 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 3 37 theme acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3- 463:484 arg1 n. 486:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. 410:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion 410:525 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 3 38 theme exoglycosidase 502:515 arg1 digestion 517:525 a dual exoglycosidase digestion 495:525 a dual exoglycosidase digestion 495:525 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 0 39 theme LARGE 43:47 arg1 glycans 49:55 the LARGE glycans 39:55 the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan 39:71 Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan. 27526028 0 40 from glycans 49:55 arg1 dystroglycan 60:71 dystroglycan 60:71 dystroglycan 60:71 Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan. 27526028 3 41 attach present 567:573 arg2 polysaccharide 549:562 this polysaccharide 544:562 this polysaccharide 544:562 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 3 41 attach present 567:573 arg1 α-DG 585:588 native α-DG 578:588 native α-DG from skeletal muscle 578:609 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 2 42 theme muscular 335:342 arg1 dystrophy 344:352 muscular dystrophy 335:352 muscular dystrophy 335:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 3 43 theme heteropolysaccharide 429:448 arg1 n. 486:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. 410:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion 410:525 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 2 44 theme Reduced 210:216 arg1 feature 307:313 a pathological feature 292:313 a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy 292:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 2 44 theme Reduced 210:216 arg1 binding 225:231 Reduced matrix binding 210:231 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation 210:287 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 2 45 theme matrix 218:223 arg1 feature 307:313 a pathological feature 292:313 a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy 292:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 2 45 theme matrix 218:223 arg1 binding 225:231 Reduced matrix binding 210:231 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation 210:287 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 1 46 theme extracellular 112:124 arg1 receptor 133:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor 90:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system 90:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 1 46 theme extracellular 112:124 arg1 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 3 47 from muscle 604:609 arg1 α-DG 585:588 native α-DG 578:588 native α-DG from skeletal muscle 578:609 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 3 48 dep Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 355:388 arg1 LARGE 391:395 LARGE 391:395 LARGE 391:395 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 5 49 theme single 817:822 arg1 repeat 865:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat 815:870 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 7 50 theme recognition 1165:1175 arg1 mechanism 1139:1147 a previously uncharacterized mechanism 1110:1147 a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition 1110:1175 These results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. 27526028 4 51 theme domains 725:731 arg1 structure 692:700 a high-resolution crystal structure 666:700 a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 666:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 1 52 theme matrix 126:131 arg1 receptor 133:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor 90:140 a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system 90:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 1 52 theme matrix 126:131 arg1 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan 74:85 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 4 53 dep domains 725:731 arg1 5 739:739 5 739:739 5 739:739 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 4 53 dep domains 725:731 arg1 4 733:733 4 733:733 4 733:733 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 5 54 theme oxygen 919:924 arg1 atoms 926:930 oxygen atoms 919:930 oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules 919:986 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 5 55 theme -bound 965:970 arg1 molecules 978:986 Ca(2+)-bound water molecules 959:986 Ca(2+)-bound water molecules 959:986 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 2 56 theme several 318:324 arg1 forms 326:330 several forms 318:330 several forms of muscular dystrophy 318:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 5 57 from sugars 942:947 arg1 atoms 926:930 oxygen atoms 919:930 oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules 919:986 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 2 58 theme forms 326:330 arg1 feature 307:313 a pathological feature 292:313 a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy 292:352 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 2 58 theme forms 326:330 arg1 binding 225:231 Reduced matrix binding 210:231 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation 210:287 Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. 27526028 5 59 theme 2+ 887:888 arg1 ion 891:893 a Ca(2+) ion 882:893 a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain 882:911 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 4 60 theme crystal 684:690 arg1 structure 692:700 a high-resolution crystal structure 666:700 a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide 666:812 The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin-G-like (LG) domains 4 and 5 (LG4 and LG5) of laminin-α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. 27526028 5 61 theme LG4 902:904 arg1 domain 906:911 the LG4 domain 898:911 the LG4 domain 898:911 A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca(2+) ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca(2+)-bound water molecules. 27526028 6 62 theme interaction 1076:1086 arg1 affinity 1038:1045 the high affinity 1029:1045 the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction 1029:1086 The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. 27526028 3 63 theme matrix-binding 414:427 arg1 n. 486:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. 410:487 the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion 410:525 Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. 27526028 1 64 theme essential 147:155 arg1 functions 157:165 essential functions 147:165 essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system 147:207 Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. 27526028 6 65 theme binding 1003:1009 arg1 mode 1011:1014 The chelating binding mode 989:1014 The chelating binding mode 989:1014 The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. 24803351 0 0 theme trehalose-water 92:106 arg1 mixtures 108:115 amorphous trehalose-water mixtures 82:115 amorphous trehalose-water mixtures 82:115 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures. 24803351 8 1 theme scattered 1517:1525 arg1 clusters 1527:1534 small, scattered clusters 1510:1534 clusters 1527:1534 It was also found that trehalose molecules preferred to form small, scattered clusters above Tg, but self-aggregation was substantially increased below Tg. 24803351 7 2 theme magnitude 1270:1278 arg1 order 1261:1265 an order 1258:1265 an order of magnitude 1258:1278 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 0 3 theme amorphous 82:90 arg1 mixtures 108:115 amorphous trehalose-water mixtures 82:115 amorphous trehalose-water mixtures 82:115 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures. 24803351 5 4 theme phase 974:978 arg1 diagram 980:986 the supplemented phase diagram 957:986 the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data 957:1094 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 5 5 theme mixtures 1007:1014 arg1 diagram 980:986 the supplemented phase diagram 957:986 the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data 957:1094 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 3 6 theme trehalose 588:596 arg1 solutions 598:606 aqueous trehalose solutions 580:606 aqueous trehalose solutions 580:606 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 3 6 theme trehalose 588:596 arg1 subject 611:617 a subject 609:617 a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches 609:690 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 0 7 theme mixtures 108:115 arg1 transition 68:77 the glass transition 58:77 the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures 58:115 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures. 24803351 9 8 theme cluster 1617:1623 arg1 size 1625:1628 The average cluster size 1605:1628 The average cluster size in the glassy state 1605:1648 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 9 8 theme cluster 1617:1623 arg1 dependent 1669:1677 dependent 1669:1677 dependent 1669:1677 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 10 9 theme trehalose 1795:1803 arg1 solutions 1805:1813 aqueous trehalose solutions 1787:1813 aqueous trehalose solutions 1787:1813 Our findings provided insights into the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions as they relate to biopreservation. 24803351 6 10 from structure 1101:1109 arg1 systems 1179:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 10 11 theme glass 1751:1755 arg1 characteristics 1768:1782 the glass transition characteristics 1747:1782 the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions 1747:1813 Our findings provided insights into the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions as they relate to biopreservation. 24803351 5 12 theme supplemented 961:972 arg1 diagram 980:986 the supplemented phase diagram 957:986 the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data 957:1094 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 2 13 with Tg 437:438 arg1 water 487:491 water 487:491 water 487:491 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 9 14 theme trehalose 1686:1694 arg1 concentration 1696:1708 the trehalose concentration 1682:1708 the trehalose concentration 1682:1708 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 5 15 theme molecular 855:863 arg1 simulations 874:884 molecular dynamics simulations 855:884 molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 855:932 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 3 16 theme glass 551:555 arg1 behavior 568:575 the glass transition behavior 547:575 the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches 547:690 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 7 17 theme hydrogen-bonding 1211:1226 arg1 lifetime 1228:1235 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime 1207:1235 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime 1207:1235 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 7 17 theme hydrogen-bonding 1211:1226 arg1 higher 1280:1285 higher 1280:1285 higher 1280:1285 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 0 18 theme Dynamic 0:6 arg1 characteristics 26:40 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics 0:40 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics 0:40 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures. 24803351 4 19 theme Important 693:701 arg1 behavior 703:710 Important behavior 693:710 Important behavior 693:710 Important behavior, such as hydrogen-bonding dynamics and self-aggregation has yet to be explored in detail, particularly below, or in the vicinity of, Tg. 24803351 10 20 theme solutions 1805:1813 arg1 characteristics 1768:1782 the glass transition characteristics 1747:1782 the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions 1747:1813 Our findings provided insights into the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions as they relate to biopreservation. 24803351 6 21 dep structure 1101:1109 arg1 The 1097:1099 The 1097:1099 The 1097:1099 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 3 22 theme solutions 598:606 arg1 behavior 568:575 the glass transition behavior 547:575 the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches 547:690 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 9 23 theme glassy 1637:1642 arg1 state 1644:1648 the glassy state 1633:1648 the glassy state 1633:1648 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 5 24 theme dynamic 897:903 arg1 properties 923:932 several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 889:932 several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 889:932 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 2 25 theme mixtures 473:480 arg1 Tg 437:438 the Tg 433:438 the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water 433:491 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 8 26 theme small 1510:1514 arg1 clusters 1527:1534 small, scattered clusters 1510:1534 clusters 1527:1534 It was also found that trehalose molecules preferred to form small, scattered clusters above Tg, but self-aggregation was substantially increased below Tg. 24803351 7 27 theme network 1380:1386 arg1 constitution 1343:1354 the constitution 1339:1354 the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network 1339:1386 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 6 28 from systems 1179:1185 arg1 dynamics 1115:1122 dynamics 1115:1122 dynamics 1115:1122 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 6 28 from systems 1179:1185 arg1 structure 1101:1109 structure 1101:1109 structure 1101:1109 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 1 29 theme long-term 218:226 arg1 storage 228:234 the long-term storage 214:234 the long-term storage of biological specimens 214:258 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 4 30 dep such 713:716 arg1 as 718:719 as 718:719 as 718:719 Important behavior, such as hydrogen-bonding dynamics and self-aggregation has yet to be explored in detail, particularly below, or in the vicinity of, Tg. 24803351 5 31 theme composition 1056:1066 arg1 function 1031:1038 a function 1029:1038 a function of the solution composition 1029:1066 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 3 32 theme aqueous 580:586 arg1 solutions 598:606 aqueous trehalose solutions 580:606 aqueous trehalose solutions 580:606 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 3 32 theme aqueous 580:586 arg1 subject 611:617 a subject 609:617 a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches 609:690 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 5 33 theme trehalose-water 991:1005 arg1 mixtures 1007:1014 trehalose-water mixtures 991:1014 trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) 991:1067 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 2 34 theme protectants 451:461 arg1 Tg 437:438 the Tg 433:438 the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water 433:491 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 0 35 theme thermodynamic 12:24 arg1 characteristics 26:40 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics 0:40 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics 0:40 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures. 24803351 10 36 theme aqueous 1787:1793 arg1 solutions 1805:1813 aqueous trehalose solutions 1787:1813 aqueous trehalose solutions 1787:1813 Our findings provided insights into the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions as they relate to biopreservation. 24803351 8 37 theme trehalose 1472:1480 arg1 molecules 1482:1490 trehalose molecules 1472:1490 trehalose molecules 1472:1490 It was also found that trehalose molecules preferred to form small, scattered clusters above Tg, but self-aggregation was substantially increased below Tg. 24803351 1 38 theme glass 122:126 arg1 Tg 151:152 The glass transition temperature Tg 118:152 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations 118:184 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 1 38 theme glass 122:126 arg1 important 189:197 important 189:197 important 189:197 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 9 39 from size 1625:1628 arg1 state 1644:1648 the glassy state 1633:1648 the glassy state 1633:1648 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 3 40 theme molecular 500:508 arg1 analyses 510:517 These molecular analyses 494:517 These molecular analyses 494:517 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 7 41 theme liquid 1319:1324 arg1 state 1326:1330 the liquid state 1315:1330 the liquid state 1315:1330 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 2 42 theme molecular 360:368 arg1 tool 280:283 a complementary tool 264:283 a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg 264:357 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 2 42 theme molecular 360:368 arg1 simulations 379:389 molecular dynamics simulations 360:389 molecular dynamics simulations 360:389 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 9 43 theme average 1609:1615 arg1 size 1625:1628 The average cluster size 1605:1628 The average cluster size in the glassy state 1605:1648 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 9 43 theme average 1609:1615 arg1 dependent 1669:1677 dependent 1669:1677 dependent 1669:1677 The average cluster size in the glassy state was observed to be dependent on the trehalose concentration. 24803351 5 44 theme dynamics 865:872 arg1 simulations 874:884 molecular dynamics simulations 855:884 molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 855:932 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 2 45 theme complementary 266:278 arg1 simulations 379:389 molecular dynamics simulations 360:389 molecular dynamics simulations 360:389 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 2 45 theme complementary 266:278 arg1 tool 280:283 a complementary tool 264:283 a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg 264:357 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 1 46 theme biological 239:248 arg1 specimens 250:258 biological specimens 239:258 biological specimens 239:258 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 4 47 theme hydrogen-bonding 721:736 arg1 dynamics 738:745 hydrogen-bonding dynamics 721:745 hydrogen-bonding dynamics 721:745 Important behavior, such as hydrogen-bonding dynamics and self-aggregation has yet to be explored in detail, particularly below, or in the vicinity of, Tg. 24803351 5 48 dep Tg 1023:1024 arg1 i.e. 1017:1020 i.e. 1017:1020 i.e. 1017:1020 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 6 49 from network 1148:1154 arg1 systems 1179:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 1 50 theme specimens 250:258 arg1 storage 228:234 the long-term storage 214:234 the long-term storage of biological specimens 214:258 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 0 51 theme glass 62:66 arg1 transition 68:77 the glass transition 58:77 the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures 58:115 Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics associated with the glass transition of amorphous trehalose-water mixtures. 24803351 5 52 theme thermodynamic 909:921 arg1 properties 923:932 several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 889:932 several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 889:932 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 3 53 theme experimental 668:679 arg1 approaches 681:690 experimental approaches 668:690 experimental approaches 668:690 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 5 54 theme solution 1047:1054 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the solution composition 1043:1066 the solution composition 1043:1066 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 2 55 theme dynamics 370:377 arg1 tool 280:283 a complementary tool 264:283 a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg 264:357 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 2 55 theme dynamics 370:377 arg1 simulations 379:389 molecular dynamics simulations 360:389 molecular dynamics simulations 360:389 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 10 56 theme transition 1757:1766 arg1 characteristics 1768:1782 the glass transition characteristics 1747:1782 the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions 1747:1813 Our findings provided insights into the glass transition characteristics of aqueous trehalose solutions as they relate to biopreservation. 24803351 1 57 theme transition 128:137 arg1 Tg 151:152 The glass transition temperature Tg 118:152 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations 118:184 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 1 57 theme transition 128:137 arg1 important 189:197 important 189:197 important 189:197 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 4 58 theme Tg 845:846 arg1 vicinity 832:839 the vicinity 828:839 the vicinity of, Tg 828:846 Important behavior, such as hydrogen-bonding dynamics and self-aggregation has yet to be explored in detail, particularly below, or in the vicinity of, Tg. 24803351 1 59 theme temperature 139:149 arg1 Tg 151:152 The glass transition temperature Tg 118:152 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations 118:184 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 1 59 theme temperature 139:149 arg1 important 189:197 important 189:197 important 189:197 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 7 60 theme hydrogen-bonding 1363:1378 arg1 network 1380:1386 the hydrogen-bonding network 1359:1386 the hydrogen-bonding network 1359:1386 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 3 61 theme scientific 643:652 arg1 attention 654:662 wide scientific attention 638:662 wide scientific attention 638:662 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 2 62 theme analysis 296:303 arg1 mainstay 331:338 the mainstay 327:338 the mainstay for determining Tg 327:357 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 2 62 theme analysis 296:303 arg1 techniques 305:314 thermal analysis techniques 288:314 thermal analysis techniques 288:314 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 6 63 theme network 1148:1154 arg1 dynamics 1115:1122 dynamics 1115:1122 dynamics 1115:1122 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 6 63 theme network 1148:1154 arg1 structure 1101:1109 structure 1101:1109 structure 1101:1109 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 6 64 theme hydrogen-bonding 1131:1146 arg1 network 1148:1154 the hydrogen-bonding network 1127:1154 the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems 1127:1185 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 7 65 theme glass 1431:1435 arg1 transition 1437:1446 the glass transition 1427:1446 the glass transition 1427:1446 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 3 66 theme transition 557:566 arg1 behavior 568:575 the glass transition behavior 547:575 the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches 547:690 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 2 67 theme thermal 288:294 arg1 mainstay 331:338 the mainstay 327:338 the mainstay for determining Tg 327:357 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 2 67 theme thermal 288:294 arg1 techniques 305:314 thermal analysis techniques 288:314 thermal analysis techniques 288:314 As a complementary tool to thermal analysis techniques, which are the mainstay for determining Tg, molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully applied to predict the Tg of several protectants and their mixtures with water. 24803351 6 68 from dynamics 1115:1122 arg1 systems 1179:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 5 69 theme properties 923:932 arg1 simulations 874:884 molecular dynamics simulations 855:884 molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 855:932 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 7 70 theme glassy 1294:1299 arg1 state 1301:1305 the glassy state 1290:1305 the glassy state 1290:1305 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 24803351 5 71 theme experimental 1078:1089 arg1 data 1091:1094 experimental data 1078:1094 experimental data 1078:1094 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 1 72 theme biopreservative 157:171 arg1 formulations 173:184 biopreservative formulations 157:184 biopreservative formulations 157:184 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 5 73 theme several 889:895 arg1 properties 923:932 several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 889:932 several dynamic and thermodynamic properties 889:932 Using molecular dynamics simulations of several dynamic and thermodynamic properties, this study reproduced the supplemented phase diagram of trehalose-water mixtures (i.e., Tg as a function of the solution composition) based on experimental data. 24803351 6 74 theme trehalose-water 1163:1177 arg1 systems 1179:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 the trehalose-water systems 1159:1185 The structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bonding network in the trehalose-water systems were also analyzed. 24803351 3 75 theme wide 638:641 arg1 attention 654:662 wide scientific attention 638:662 wide scientific attention 638:662 These molecular analyses, however, rarely focused on the glass transition behavior of aqueous trehalose solutions, a subject that has attracted wide scientific attention via experimental approaches. 24803351 1 76 theme formulations 173:184 arg1 Tg 151:152 The glass transition temperature Tg 118:152 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations 118:184 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 1 76 theme formulations 173:184 arg1 important 189:197 important 189:197 important 189:197 The glass transition temperature Tg of biopreservative formulations is important for predicting the long-term storage of biological specimens. 24803351 7 77 theme noticeable 1401:1410 arg1 change 1412:1417 no noticeable change 1398:1417 no noticeable change 1398:1417 The hydrogen-bonding lifetime was determined to be an order of magnitude higher in the glassy state than in the liquid state, while the constitution of the hydrogen-bonding network exhibited no noticeable change through the glass transition. 25449923 4 0 from microstructure 555:568 arg1 effects 511:517 The effects 507:517 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility 507:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 6 1 theme hydrogen 889:896 arg1 bonding 898:904 enhanced hydrogen bonding 880:904 enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation 880:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 6 2 theme enhanced 880:887 arg1 bonding 898:904 enhanced hydrogen bonding 880:904 enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation 880:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 3 3 theme narrow 472:477 arg1 36±8nm 498:503 36±8nm 498:503 36±8nm 498:503 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 3 3 theme narrow 472:477 arg1 distribution 484:495 a narrow size distribution 470:495 a narrow size distribution (36±8nm) 470:504 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 4 4 theme loading 526:532 arg1 effects 511:517 The effects 507:517 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility 507:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 5 from composites 541:550 arg1 microstructure 555:568 microstructure 555:568 microstructure 555:568 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 5 from composites 541:550 arg1 biocompatibility 588:603 biocompatibility 588:603 biocompatibility 588:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 5 from composites 541:550 arg1 transparency 571:582 transparency 571:582 transparency 571:582 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 5 6 theme 2 714:714 arg1 % 715:715 % 715:715 % 715:715 A 2% loading of NCC increases the transparency of collagen while producing an ordered microstructure. 25449923 3 7 theme cellulose 336:344 arg1 addition 308:315 The addition 304:315 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation 304:428 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 1 8 theme length 168:173 arg1 scale 175:179 a similar length scale 158:179 a similar length scale to those in the cornea 158:202 This study demonstrates a method for producing ordered collagen fibrils on a similar length scale to those in the cornea, using a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis. 25449923 5 9 theme % 715:715 arg1 loading 717:723 A 2% loading 712:723 A 2% loading of NCC 712:730 A 2% loading of NCC increases the transparency of collagen while producing an ordered microstructure. 25449923 3 10 theme biocompatible 355:367 arg1 material 390:397 a biocompatible and widely available material 353:397 a biocompatible and widely available material 353:397 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 3 10 theme biocompatible 355:367 arg1 cellulose 336:344 nanocrystalline cellulose 320:344 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) 320:350 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 4 11 from transparency 571:582 arg1 effects 511:517 The effects 507:517 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility 507:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 0 12 theme In 0:1 arg1 alignment 25:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment 0:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment 0:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment via incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose. 25449923 4 13 theme electron 629:636 arg1 microscopy 638:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 0 14 theme fibril 18:23 arg1 alignment 25:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment 0:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment 0:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment via incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose. 25449923 2 15 theme mm 294:295 arg1 scale 297:301 the mm scale 290:301 the mm scale 290:301 The alignment persists throughout samples on the mm scale. 25449923 0 16 theme collagen 9:16 arg1 alignment 25:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment 0:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment 0:33 In vitro collagen fibril alignment via incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose. 25449923 4 17 theme NCC 522:524 arg1 loading 526:532 NCC loading 522:532 NCC loading 522:532 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 6 18 theme ordering 846:853 arg1 behavior 855:862 the ordering behavior 842:862 the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation 842:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 1 19 theme similar 160:166 arg1 scale 175:179 a similar length scale 158:179 a similar length scale to those in the cornea 158:202 This study demonstrates a method for producing ordered collagen fibrils on a similar length scale to those in the cornea, using a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis. 25449923 4 20 from biocompatibility 588:603 arg1 effects 511:517 The effects 507:517 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility 507:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 21 theme ultraviolet-visible 650:668 arg1 spectroscopy 670:681 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy 650:681 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy 650:681 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 6 22 from behavior 855:862 arg1 basis 871:875 the basis 867:875 the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation 867:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 4 23 theme scanning 620:627 arg1 microscopy 638:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 24 from effects 511:517 arg1 microstructure 555:568 microstructure 555:568 microstructure 555:568 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 24 from effects 511:517 arg1 composites 541:550 the composites 537:550 the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility 537:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 24 from effects 511:517 arg1 biocompatibility 588:603 biocompatibility 588:603 biocompatibility 588:603 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 4 24 from effects 511:517 arg1 transparency 571:582 transparency 571:582 transparency 571:582 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 5 25 theme ordered 790:796 arg1 microstructure 798:811 an ordered microstructure 787:811 an ordered microstructure 787:811 A 2% loading of NCC increases the transparency of collagen while producing an ordered microstructure. 25449923 5 26 theme collagen 762:769 arg1 transparency 746:757 the transparency 742:757 the transparency of collagen 742:769 A 2% loading of NCC increases the transparency of collagen while producing an ordered microstructure. 25449923 6 27 theme gel 922:924 arg1 formation 926:934 collagen gel formation 913:934 collagen gel formation 913:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 0 28 theme nanocrystalline 56:70 arg1 cellulose 72:80 nanocrystalline cellulose 56:80 nanocrystalline cellulose 56:80 In vitro collagen fibril alignment via incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose. 25449923 4 29 theme growth 692:697 arg1 experiments 699:709 cell growth experiments 687:709 cell growth experiments 687:709 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 3 30 theme available 380:388 arg1 material 390:397 a biocompatible and widely available material 353:397 a biocompatible and widely available material 353:397 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 3 30 theme available 380:388 arg1 cellulose 336:344 nanocrystalline cellulose 320:344 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) 320:350 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 6 31 theme collagen 913:920 arg1 formation 926:934 collagen gel formation 913:934 collagen gel formation 913:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 4 32 theme cell 687:690 arg1 experiments 699:709 cell growth experiments 687:709 cell growth experiments 687:709 The effects of NCC loading in the composites on microstructure, transparency and biocompatibility are studied by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cell growth experiments. 25449923 5 33 theme NCC 728:730 arg1 loading 717:723 A 2% loading 712:723 A 2% loading of NCC 712:730 A 2% loading of NCC increases the transparency of collagen while producing an ordered microstructure. 25449923 1 34 theme ordered 130:136 arg1 fibrils 147:153 ordered collagen fibrils 130:153 ordered collagen fibrils 130:153 This study demonstrates a method for producing ordered collagen fibrils on a similar length scale to those in the cornea, using a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis. 25449923 1 35 theme collagen 138:145 arg1 fibrils 147:153 ordered collagen fibrils 130:153 ordered collagen fibrils 130:153 This study demonstrates a method for producing ordered collagen fibrils on a similar length scale to those in the cornea, using a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis. 25449923 0 36 theme cellulose 72:80 arg1 incorporation 39:51 incorporation 39:51 incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose 39:80 In vitro collagen fibril alignment via incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose. 25449923 3 37 theme size 479:482 arg1 36±8nm 498:503 36±8nm 498:503 36±8nm 498:503 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 3 37 theme size 479:482 arg1 distribution 484:495 a narrow size distribution 470:495 a narrow size distribution (36±8nm) 470:504 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 1 38 theme one-pot 213:219 arg1 synthesis 234:242 a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis 211:242 a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis 211:242 This study demonstrates a method for producing ordered collagen fibrils on a similar length scale to those in the cornea, using a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis. 25449923 3 39 theme nanocrystalline 320:334 arg1 material 390:397 a biocompatible and widely available material 353:397 a biocompatible and widely available material 353:397 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 3 39 theme nanocrystalline 320:334 arg1 NCC 347:349 NCC 347:349 NCC 347:349 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 3 39 theme nanocrystalline 320:334 arg1 cellulose 336:344 nanocrystalline cellulose 320:344 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) 320:350 The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a biocompatible and widely available material, to collagen prior to gelation causes the fibrils to align and achieve a narrow size distribution (36±8nm). 25449923 6 40 theme bonding 898:904 arg1 basis 871:875 the basis 867:875 the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation 867:934 A mechanism is proposed for the ordering behavior on the basis of enhanced hydrogen bonding during collagen gel formation. 25449923 0 41 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro collagen fibril alignment via incorporation of nanocrystalline cellulose. 25449923 1 42 theme liquid-phase 221:232 arg1 synthesis 234:242 a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis 211:242 a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis 211:242 This study demonstrates a method for producing ordered collagen fibrils on a similar length scale to those in the cornea, using a one-pot liquid-phase synthesis. 24047541 3 0 theme prepared 416:423 arg1 cryogels 425:432 the prepared cryogels 412:432 the prepared cryogels 412:432 Thermoresponsivity of the prepared cryogels was investigated by DSC, imaging NMR, and swelling studies. 24047541 4 1 theme hydrophobic 585:595 arg1 simvastatin 597:607 either hydrophobic simvastatin 578:607 either hydrophobic simvastatin 578:607 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 5 2 theme simvastatin 820:830 arg1 hydrophilicity 795:808 hydrophilicity 795:808 hydrophilicity 795:808 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 5 2 theme simvastatin 820:830 arg1 hydrophobicity 777:790 hydrophobicity 777:790 hydrophobicity 777:790 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 5 2 theme simvastatin 820:830 arg1 composition 764:774 their composition 758:774 their composition 758:774 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 3 3 theme cryogels 425:432 arg1 Thermoresponsivity 390:407 Thermoresponsivity 390:407 Thermoresponsivity of the prepared cryogels 390:432 Thermoresponsivity of the prepared cryogels was investigated by DSC, imaging NMR, and swelling studies. 24047541 5 4 theme simvastatin 704:714 arg1 profiles 692:699 Release profiles 684:699 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin 684:830 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 5 4 theme simvastatin 704:714 arg1 temperature 847:857 the medium temperature 836:857 the medium temperature 836:857 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 3 5 theme imaging 459:465 arg1 NMR 467:469 imaging NMR 459:469 imaging NMR 459:469 Thermoresponsivity of the prepared cryogels was investigated by DSC, imaging NMR, and swelling studies. 24047541 4 6 theme possible 498:505 arg1 use 507:509 possible use 498:509 possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications 498:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 4 7 theme engineering 552:562 arg1 applications 564:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 5 8 theme cryogel 727:733 arg1 scaffolds 735:743 cryogel scaffolds 727:743 cryogel scaffolds 727:743 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 1 9 theme Abstract 108:115 arg1 NIPA 117:120 Abstract NIPA 108:120 Abstract NIPA 108:120 Abstract NIPA and HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels were synthesized at different compositions by cryogelation. 24047541 0 10 theme Thermoresponsive 0:15 arg1 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 31:58 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 0:58 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 0:58 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogels for controlled release of simvastatin. 24047541 0 11 theme biodegradable 17:29 arg1 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 31:58 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 0:58 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 0:58 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogels for controlled release of simvastatin. 24047541 3 12 theme swelling 476:483 arg1 studies 485:491 swelling studies 476:491 swelling studies 476:491 Thermoresponsivity of the prepared cryogels was investigated by DSC, imaging NMR, and swelling studies. 24047541 5 13 theme Release 684:690 arg1 profiles 692:699 Release profiles 684:699 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin 684:830 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 1 14 theme HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based 126:151 arg1 cryogels 188:195 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels 126:195 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels 126:195 Abstract NIPA and HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels were synthesized at different compositions by cryogelation. 24047541 1 15 theme biodegradable 153:165 arg1 cryogels 188:195 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels 126:195 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels 126:195 Abstract NIPA and HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels were synthesized at different compositions by cryogelation. 24047541 4 16 theme potential 530:538 arg1 applications 564:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 0 17 theme controlled 73:82 arg1 release 84:90 controlled release 73:90 controlled release of simvastatin 73:105 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogels for controlled release of simvastatin. 24047541 5 18 theme medium 840:845 arg1 temperature 847:857 the medium temperature 836:857 the medium temperature 836:857 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 2 19 theme Chemical 257:264 arg1 properties 284:293 Chemical and morphological properties 257:293 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 257:346 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices were demonstrated by FTIR, SEM, and ESEM. 24047541 4 20 theme tissue 545:550 arg1 applications 564:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 2 21 theme matrices 339:346 arg1 properties 284:293 Chemical and morphological properties 257:293 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 257:346 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices were demonstrated by FTIR, SEM, and ESEM. 24047541 4 22 theme bone 540:543 arg1 applications 564:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 2 23 theme cryogel 331:337 arg1 matrices 339:346 the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 298:346 the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 298:346 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices were demonstrated by FTIR, SEM, and ESEM. 24047541 1 24 theme thermoresponsive 171:186 arg1 cryogels 188:195 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels 126:195 HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels 126:195 Abstract NIPA and HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels were synthesized at different compositions by cryogelation. 24047541 2 25 theme HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA 302:329 arg1 matrices 339:346 the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 298:346 the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 298:346 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices were demonstrated by FTIR, SEM, and ESEM. 24047541 4 26 theme hydrophilic 626:636 arg1 simvastatin 638:648 hydrophilic simvastatin 626:648 hydrophilic simvastatin 626:648 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 5 27 theme loaded 813:818 arg1 simvastatin 820:830 loaded simvastatin 813:830 loaded simvastatin 813:830 Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated. 24047541 4 28 from use 507:509 arg1 applications 564:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 potential bone tissue engineering applications 530:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 4 29 theme cryogels 518:525 arg1 use 507:509 possible use 498:509 possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications 498:575 For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. 24047541 2 30 theme morphological 270:282 arg1 properties 284:293 Chemical and morphological properties 257:293 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices 257:346 Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices were demonstrated by FTIR, SEM, and ESEM. 24047541 0 31 theme simvastatin 95:105 arg1 release 84:90 controlled release 73:90 controlled release of simvastatin 73:105 Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogels for controlled release of simvastatin. 24047541 1 32 theme different 217:225 arg1 compositions 227:238 different compositions 217:238 different compositions 217:238 Abstract NIPA and HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels were synthesized at different compositions by cryogelation. 27211301 7 0 theme CA-PES 1119:1124 arg1 membranes 1126:1134 CA-PES membranes 1119:1134 CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc 1119:1151 This study provided a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc. 27211301 4 1 theme analysis 783:790 arg1 methods 690:696 the methods 686:696 the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM 686:798 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 1 2 theme improved 236:243 arg1 hydrophilicity 245:258 improved hydrophilicity 236:258 improved hydrophilicity 236:258 In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to endow the ultrafiltration membrane with the improved hydrophilicity and antifouling property by using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. 27211301 5 3 with comparison 922:931 arg1 membranes 951:959 the pure PES membranes 938:959 the pure PES membranes 938:959 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 4 4 theme gravimetric 771:781 arg1 analysis 783:790 thermo gravimetric analysis 764:790 thermo gravimetric analysis 764:790 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 3 5 theme optimal 481:487 arg1 % 534:534 18wt% 530:534 18wt% (PES) 530:540 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 3 5 theme optimal 481:487 arg1 composition 489:499 the optimal composition 477:499 the optimal composition of the casting solution 477:523 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 4 6 theme SEM 796:798 arg1 methods 690:696 the methods 686:696 the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM 686:798 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 3 7 theme solution 516:523 arg1 % 534:534 18wt% 530:534 18wt% (PES) 530:540 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 3 7 theme solution 516:523 arg1 composition 489:499 the optimal composition 477:499 the optimal composition of the casting solution 477:523 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 5 8 theme CA-PES 872:877 arg1 membranes 895:903 CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes 872:903 CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes 872:903 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 5 9 theme antifouling 848:858 arg1 property 860:867 antifouling property 848:867 antifouling property 848:867 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 5 10 theme membranes 895:903 arg1 hydrophilicity 829:842 hydrophilicity 829:842 hydrophilicity 829:842 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 5 10 theme membranes 895:903 arg1 property 860:867 antifouling property 848:867 antifouling property 848:867 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 1 11 theme antifouling 264:274 arg1 property 276:283 antifouling property 264:283 antifouling property 264:283 In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to endow the ultrafiltration membrane with the improved hydrophilicity and antifouling property by using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. 27211301 4 12 theme compatibility 749:761 arg1 methods 690:696 the methods 686:696 the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM 686:798 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 2 13 theme evaporation 376:386 arg1 time 388:391 evaporation time 376:391 evaporation time 376:391 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 7 14 theme application 1095:1105 arg1 prospect 1107:1114 a potential industrial application prospect 1072:1114 a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc 1072:1151 This study provided a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc. 27211301 3 15 theme casting 508:514 arg1 solution 516:523 the casting solution 504:523 the casting solution 504:523 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 6 16 theme good 1016:1019 arg1 stability 1029:1037 good thermal stability 1016:1037 good thermal stability 1016:1037 The CA-PES membranes exhibited semi-compatibility and good thermal stability below 270°C. 27211301 2 17 theme water 429:433 arg1 flux 435:438 pure water flux 424:438 pure water flux 424:438 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 4 18 theme thermo 764:769 arg1 analysis 783:790 thermo gravimetric analysis 764:790 thermo gravimetric analysis 764:790 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 4 19 theme CA-PES 637:642 arg1 membranes 650:658 CA-PES blend membranes 637:658 CA-PES blend membranes 637:658 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 2 20 theme composition 360:370 arg1 effects 343:349 The effects 339:349 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux 339:438 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 2 21 theme pure 424:427 arg1 flux 435:438 pure water flux 424:438 pure water flux 424:438 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 2 22 theme blend 354:358 arg1 composition 360:370 blend composition 354:370 blend composition 354:370 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 2 23 from effects 343:349 arg1 strength 411:418 the mechanical strength 396:418 the mechanical strength 396:418 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 2 23 from effects 343:349 arg1 flux 435:438 pure water flux 424:438 pure water flux 424:438 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 4 24 theme membranes 650:658 arg1 characteristics 618:632 The characteristics 614:632 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes 614:658 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 2 25 theme mechanical 400:409 arg1 strength 411:418 the mechanical strength 396:418 the mechanical strength 396:418 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 0 26 theme antifouling 19:29 arg1 property 31:38 antifouling property 19:38 antifouling property 19:38 Hydrophilicity and antifouling property of membrane materials from cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc. 27211301 4 27 theme blend 644:648 arg1 membranes 650:658 CA-PES blend membranes 637:658 CA-PES blend membranes 637:658 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 0 28 theme membrane 43:50 arg1 Hydrophilicity 0:13 Hydrophilicity 0:13 Hydrophilicity 0:13 Hydrophilicity and antifouling property of membrane materials from cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc. 27211301 0 28 theme membrane 43:50 arg1 property 31:38 antifouling property 19:38 antifouling property 19:38 Hydrophilicity and antifouling property of membrane materials from cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc. 27211301 5 29 theme pure 942:945 arg1 membranes 951:959 the pure PES membranes 938:959 the pure PES membranes 938:959 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 6 30 theme CA-PES 966:971 arg1 membranes 973:981 The CA-PES membranes 962:981 The CA-PES membranes 962:981 The CA-PES membranes exhibited semi-compatibility and good thermal stability below 270°C. 27211301 6 31 theme thermal 1021:1027 arg1 stability 1029:1037 good thermal stability 1016:1037 good thermal stability 1016:1037 The CA-PES membranes exhibited semi-compatibility and good thermal stability below 270°C. 27211301 0 32 from acetate/polyethersulfone 77:100 arg1 DMAc 105:108 DMAc 105:108 DMAc 105:108 Hydrophilicity and antifouling property of membrane materials from cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc. 27211301 0 32 from acetate/polyethersulfone 77:100 arg1 materials 52:60 materials 52:60 materials 52:60 Hydrophilicity and antifouling property of membrane materials from cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc. 27211301 4 33 theme goniometer 715:724 arg1 methods 690:696 the methods 686:696 the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM 686:798 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 2 34 theme time 388:391 arg1 effects 343:349 The effects 339:349 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux 339:438 The effects of blend composition and evaporation time on the mechanical strength and pure water flux were investigated. 27211301 7 35 theme potential 1074:1082 arg1 application 1095:1105 a potential industrial application 1072:1105 a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc 1072:1151 This study provided a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc. 27211301 5 36 dep hydrophilicity 829:842 arg1 the 825:827 the 825:827 the 825:827 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 4 37 theme property 739:746 arg1 methods 690:696 the methods 686:696 the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM 686:798 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 7 38 theme industrial 1084:1093 arg1 application 1095:1105 a potential industrial application 1072:1105 a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc 1072:1151 This study provided a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc. 27211301 4 39 theme antifouling 727:737 arg1 property 739:746 antifouling property 727:746 antifouling property 727:746 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 1 40 theme cellulose 126:134 arg1 acetate 136:142 cellulose acetate 126:142 cellulose acetate (CA) 126:147 In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to endow the ultrafiltration membrane with the improved hydrophilicity and antifouling property by using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. 27211301 1 40 theme cellulose 126:134 arg1 CA 145:146 CA 145:146 CA 145:146 In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to endow the ultrafiltration membrane with the improved hydrophilicity and antifouling property by using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. 27211301 3 41 theme Polyvinylpyrrolidone 549:568 arg1 % 546:546 4wt% 543:546 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30) 543:573 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 3 41 theme Polyvinylpyrrolidone 549:568 arg1 K30 570:572 Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 549:572 Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 549:572 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 5 42 theme PES 947:949 arg1 membranes 951:959 the pure PES membranes 938:959 the pure PES membranes 938:959 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 1 43 theme ultrafiltration 202:216 arg1 membrane 218:225 the ultrafiltration membrane 198:225 the ultrafiltration membrane 198:225 In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to endow the ultrafiltration membrane with the improved hydrophilicity and antifouling property by using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. 27211301 5 44 theme ultrafiltration 879:893 arg1 membranes 895:903 CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes 872:903 CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes 872:903 The results showed that the hydrophilicity and antifouling property of CA-PES ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced in comparison with the pure PES membranes. 27211301 1 45 dep hydrophilicity 245:258 arg1 the 232:234 the 232:234 the 232:234 In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to endow the ultrafiltration membrane with the improved hydrophilicity and antifouling property by using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. 27211301 4 46 theme angle 709:713 arg1 goniometer 715:724 contact angle goniometer 701:724 contact angle goniometer 701:724 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 0 47 theme cellulose 67:75 arg1 acetate/polyethersulfone 77:100 cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone 67:100 cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc 67:108 Hydrophilicity and antifouling property of membrane materials from cellulose acetate/polyethersulfone in DMAc. 27211301 3 48 theme Evaporation 595:605 arg1 20s 590:592 20s 590:592 20s (Evaporation time) 590:611 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 3 48 theme Evaporation 595:605 arg1 time 607:610 Evaporation time 595:610 Evaporation time 595:610 It was found that the optimal composition of the casting solution was: 18wt% (PES), 4wt% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30), 3wt% (CA) and 20s (Evaporation time). 27211301 4 49 theme contact 701:707 arg1 goniometer 715:724 contact angle goniometer 701:724 contact angle goniometer 701:724 The characteristics of CA-PES blend membranes were investigated through the methods of contact angle goniometer, antifouling property, compatibility, thermo gravimetric analysis and SEM. 27211301 7 50 theme membranes 1126:1134 arg1 prospect 1107:1114 a potential industrial application prospect 1072:1114 a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc 1072:1151 This study provided a potential industrial application prospect of CA-PES membranes prepared in DMAc. 28787675 1 0 theme environmental 147:159 arg1 approach 170:177 an environmental friendly approach 144:177 an environmental friendly approach using chitosan 144:192 Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully deoxygenated via an environmental friendly approach using chitosan. 28787675 4 1 theme future 546:551 arg1 applications 582:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 4 2 theme prepared 449:456 arg1 composite 471:479 prepared RGO/chitosan composite 449:479 prepared RGO/chitosan composite 449:479 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 1 3 theme friendly 161:168 arg1 approach 170:177 an environmental friendly approach 144:177 an environmental friendly approach using chitosan 144:192 Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully deoxygenated via an environmental friendly approach using chitosan. 28787675 4 4 from use 539:541 arg1 applications 582:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 4 5 theme cytotoxicity 393:404 arg1 results 406:412 the in-vitro cytotoxicity results 380:412 the in-vitro cytotoxicity results 380:412 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 4 6 theme articular 499:507 arg1 chondrocytes 509:520 the human articular chondrocytes 489:520 the human articular chondrocytes 489:520 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 1 7 dep oxide 94:98 arg1 GO 101:102 GO 101:102 GO 101:102 Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully deoxygenated via an environmental friendly approach using chitosan. 28787675 4 8 theme human 493:497 arg1 chondrocytes 509:520 the human articular chondrocytes 489:520 the human articular chondrocytes 489:520 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 1 9 theme Graphene 85:92 arg1 oxide 94:98 Graphene oxide 85:98 Graphene oxide (GO) 85:103 Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully deoxygenated via an environmental friendly approach using chitosan. 28787675 4 10 theme in-vitro 384:391 arg1 results 406:412 the in-vitro cytotoxicity results 380:412 the in-vitro cytotoxicity results 380:412 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 3 11 with film 351:354 arg1 chitosan 361:368 chitosan 361:368 chitosan 361:368 Also, the synthesized RGO is used to develop a highly compatible film with chitosan. 28787675 3 12 theme synthesized 296:306 arg1 RGO 308:310 the synthesized RGO 292:310 the synthesized RGO 292:310 Also, the synthesized RGO is used to develop a highly compatible film with chitosan. 28787675 4 13 theme composite 471:479 arg1 nature 439:444 the biocompatible nature 421:444 the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes 421:520 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 0 14 theme film 49:52 arg1 fabrication 21:31 fabrication 21:31 fabrication 21:31 Biocompatibility and fabrication of RGO/chitosan film for cartilage tissue recovery. 28787675 0 14 theme film 49:52 arg1 Biocompatibility 0:15 Biocompatibility 0:15 Biocompatibility 0:15 Biocompatibility and fabrication of RGO/chitosan film for cartilage tissue recovery. 28787675 4 15 theme RGO/chitosan 458:469 arg1 composite 471:479 prepared RGO/chitosan composite 449:479 prepared RGO/chitosan composite 449:479 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 2 16 theme microscopic 244:254 arg1 techniques 274:283 several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques 236:283 several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques 236:283 The prepared RGO was characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. 28787675 0 17 theme RGO/chitosan 36:47 arg1 film 49:52 RGO/chitosan film 36:52 RGO/chitosan film 36:52 Biocompatibility and fabrication of RGO/chitosan film for cartilage tissue recovery. 28787675 4 18 theme tissue 563:568 arg1 applications 582:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 2 19 theme several 236:242 arg1 techniques 274:283 several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques 236:283 several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques 236:283 The prepared RGO was characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. 28787675 0 20 theme cartilage 58:66 arg1 recovery 75:82 cartilage tissue recovery 58:82 cartilage tissue recovery 58:82 Biocompatibility and fabrication of RGO/chitosan film for cartilage tissue recovery. 28787675 4 21 theme cartilage 553:561 arg1 applications 582:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 0 22 theme tissue 68:73 arg1 recovery 75:82 cartilage tissue recovery 58:82 cartilage tissue recovery 58:82 Biocompatibility and fabrication of RGO/chitosan film for cartilage tissue recovery. 28787675 3 23 used used 315:318 arg2 RGO 308:310 the synthesized RGO 292:310 the synthesized RGO 292:310 Also, the synthesized RGO is used to develop a highly compatible film with chitosan. 28787675 4 24 theme engineering 570:580 arg1 applications 582:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 future cartilage tissue engineering applications 546:593 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 4 25 theme biocompatible 425:437 arg1 nature 439:444 the biocompatible nature 421:444 the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes 421:520 Further, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed the biocompatible nature of prepared RGO/chitosan composite towards the human articular chondrocytes indicating their use in future cartilage tissue engineering applications. 28787675 2 26 theme prepared 199:206 arg1 RGO 208:210 The prepared RGO 195:210 The prepared RGO 195:210 The prepared RGO was characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. 28787675 2 27 theme spectroscopic 260:272 arg1 techniques 274:283 several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques 236:283 several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques 236:283 The prepared RGO was characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. 28787675 3 28 theme compatible 340:349 arg1 film 351:354 a highly compatible film 331:354 a highly compatible film with chitosan 331:368 Also, the synthesized RGO is used to develop a highly compatible film with chitosan. 24299851 6 0 theme unbleached 942:951 arg1 pulps 966:970 both unbleached and bleached pulps 937:970 both unbleached and bleached pulps 937:970 Microscopy studies revealed that applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps. 24299851 8 1 from properties 1179:1188 arg1 fibers 1193:1198 fibers 1193:1198 fibers 1193:1198 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 3 2 theme pulped 302:307 arg1 fibers 322:327 both pulped and bleached fibers 297:327 both pulped and bleached fibers 297:327 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 9 3 theme bleached 1358:1365 arg1 nanofibers 1367:1376 characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1329:1376 characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1329:1376 Interestingly no significant evolution was observed between obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers. 24299851 6 4 theme Microscopy 830:839 arg1 studies 841:847 Microscopy studies 830:847 Microscopy studies 830:847 Microscopy studies revealed that applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps. 24299851 5 5 theme hierarchy 592:600 arg1 crystallinity 547:559 crystallinity 547:559 crystallinity 547:559 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 5 theme hierarchy 592:600 arg1 morphology 516:525 morphology 516:525 morphology 516:525 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 5 theme hierarchy 592:600 arg1 groups 539:544 functional groups 528:544 functional groups 528:544 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 5 theme hierarchy 592:600 arg1 behavior 574:581 thermal behavior 566:581 thermal behavior 566:581 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 5 theme hierarchy 592:600 arg1 hierarchy 592:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 1 6 theme distinct 142:149 arg1 stages 151:156 three distinct stages 136:156 three distinct stages 136:156 Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast were isolated in three distinct stages. 24299851 4 7 theme treatment 441:449 arg1 influence 423:431 The influence 419:431 The influence of each treatment on the chemical composition of fibers 419:487 The influence of each treatment on the chemical composition of fibers was investigated. 24299851 9 8 theme nanofibers 1367:1376 arg1 data 1321:1324 obtained data 1312:1324 obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1312:1376 Interestingly no significant evolution was observed between obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers. 24299851 7 9 theme composition 982:992 arg1 analysis 994:1001 Chemical composition analysis 973:1001 Chemical composition analysis 973:1001 Chemical composition analysis and FTIR spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed by the applied treatments. 24299851 8 10 from enhancement 1164:1174 arg1 fibers 1193:1198 fibers 1193:1198 fibers 1193:1198 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 5 11 dep Fourier 706:712 arg1 transform 714:722 transform 714:722 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 714:813 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 12 theme transmission 670:681 arg1 microscopies 692:703 transmission electron microscopies 670:703 transmission electron microscopies 670:703 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 13 theme different 605:613 arg1 stages 615:620 different stages 605:620 different stages of purification 605:636 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 9 14 theme significant 1269:1279 arg1 evolution 1281:1289 no significant evolution 1266:1289 no significant evolution 1266:1289 Interestingly no significant evolution was observed between obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers. 24299851 4 15 theme chemical 458:465 arg1 composition 467:477 the chemical composition 454:477 the chemical composition of fibers 454:487 The influence of each treatment on the chemical composition of fibers was investigated. 24299851 8 16 theme nano 1240:1243 arg1 scale 1245:1249 nano scale 1240:1249 nano scale 1240:1249 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 5 17 theme X-ray 754:758 arg1 XRD 773:775 XRD 773:775 XRD 773:775 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 17 theme X-ray 754:758 arg1 diffraction 760:770 X-ray diffraction 754:770 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 754:776 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 4 18 theme fibers 482:487 arg1 composition 467:477 the chemical composition 454:477 the chemical composition of fibers 454:487 The influence of each treatment on the chemical composition of fibers was investigated. 24299851 5 19 theme purification 625:636 arg1 stages 615:620 different stages 605:620 different stages of purification 605:636 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 1 20 from bast 114:117 arg1 fibers 96:101 Cellulosic fibers 85:101 Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast 85:117 Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast were isolated in three distinct stages. 24299851 0 21 theme Kenaf 0:4 arg1 fibers 22:27 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers 0:27 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 0 22 theme bast 6:9 arg1 fibers 22:27 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers 0:27 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 8 23 theme XRD 1118:1120 arg1 analyses 1130:1137 XRD and TGA analyses 1118:1137 analyses 1130:1137 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 7 24 theme Chemical 973:980 arg1 analysis 994:1001 Chemical composition analysis 973:1001 Chemical composition analysis 973:1001 Chemical composition analysis and FTIR spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed by the applied treatments. 24299851 6 25 theme cellulosic 914:923 arg1 fibers 925:930 nanoscale cellulosic fibers 904:930 nanoscale cellulosic fibers 904:930 Microscopy studies revealed that applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps. 24299851 3 26 theme cellulosic 377:386 arg1 fibers 388:393 their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers 349:393 their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers 349:393 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 8 27 theme progressive 1152:1162 arg1 enhancement 1164:1174 progressive enhancement 1152:1174 progressive enhancement of properties in fibers 1152:1198 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 9 28 theme characterized 1329:1341 arg1 nanofibers 1367:1376 characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1329:1376 characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1329:1376 Interestingly no significant evolution was observed between obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers. 24299851 0 29 theme fibers 22:27 arg1 hierarchy 29:37 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy 0:37 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 8 30 theme TGA 1126:1128 arg1 analyses 1130:1137 XRD and TGA analyses 1118:1137 analyses 1130:1137 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 5 31 theme fiber 586:590 arg1 hierarchy 592:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 1 32 theme Cellulosic 85:94 arg1 fibers 96:101 Cellulosic fibers 85:101 Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast 85:117 Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast were isolated in three distinct stages. 24299851 3 33 theme constituent 355:365 arg1 fibers 388:393 their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers 349:393 their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers 349:393 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 7 34 theme applied 1098:1104 arg1 treatments 1106:1115 the applied treatments 1094:1115 the applied treatments 1094:1115 Chemical composition analysis and FTIR spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed by the applied treatments. 24299851 5 35 theme infrared 724:731 arg1 FTIR 747:750 FTIR 747:750 FTIR 747:750 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 35 theme infrared 724:731 arg1 spectroscopy 733:744 infrared spectroscopy 724:744 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 724:751 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 2 36 theme raw 169:171 arg1 fibers 184:189 raw kenaf bast fibers 169:189 raw kenaf bast fibers 169:189 Initially raw kenaf bast fibers were subjected to an alkali pulping process. 24299851 3 37 theme mechanical 398:407 arg1 shearing 409:416 mechanical shearing 398:416 mechanical shearing 398:416 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 3 38 theme pulped 241:246 arg1 fibers 248:253 pulped fibers 241:253 pulped fibers 241:253 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 0 39 from micro 70:74 arg1 approach 56:63 a comprehensive approach 40:63 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 2 40 theme alkali 212:217 arg1 process 227:233 an alkali pulping process 209:233 an alkali pulping process 209:233 Initially raw kenaf bast fibers were subjected to an alkali pulping process. 24299851 0 41 theme cellulosic 11:20 arg1 fibers 22:27 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers 0:27 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 6 42 dep applied 863:869 arg1 isolated 895:902 isolated 895:902 applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps 863:970 Microscopy studies revealed that applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps. 24299851 5 43 theme thermogravimetric 782:798 arg1 analysis 800:807 thermogravimetric analysis 782:807 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 782:813 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 43 theme thermogravimetric 782:798 arg1 TGA 810:812 TGA 810:812 TGA 810:812 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 8 44 from fibers 1193:1198 arg1 enhancement 1164:1174 progressive enhancement 1152:1174 progressive enhancement of properties in fibers 1152:1198 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 0 45 theme comprehensive 42:54 arg1 approach 56:63 a comprehensive approach 40:63 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 5 46 theme electron 683:690 arg1 microscopies 692:703 transmission electron microscopies 670:703 transmission electron microscopies 670:703 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 6 47 theme nanoscale 904:912 arg1 fibers 925:930 nanoscale cellulosic fibers 904:930 nanoscale cellulosic fibers 904:930 Microscopy studies revealed that applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps. 24299851 4 48 from influence 423:431 arg1 composition 467:477 the chemical composition 454:477 the chemical composition of fibers 454:487 The influence of each treatment on the chemical composition of fibers was investigated. 24299851 9 49 theme obtained 1312:1319 arg1 data 1321:1324 obtained data 1312:1324 obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1312:1376 Interestingly no significant evolution was observed between obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers. 24299851 0 50 dep hierarchy 29:37 arg1 approach 56:63 a comprehensive approach 40:63 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 0:83 Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano. 24299851 1 51 theme kenaf 108:112 arg1 bast 114:117 kenaf bast 108:117 kenaf bast 108:117 Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast were isolated in three distinct stages. 24299851 6 52 theme bleached 957:964 arg1 pulps 966:970 both unbleached and bleached pulps 937:970 both unbleached and bleached pulps 937:970 Microscopy studies revealed that applied procedures successfully isolated nanoscale cellulosic fibers from both unbleached and bleached pulps. 24299851 3 53 theme bleaching 267:275 arg1 process 277:283 a bleaching process 265:283 a bleaching process 265:283 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 5 54 theme thermal 566:572 arg1 behavior 574:581 thermal behavior 566:581 thermal behavior 566:581 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 7 55 theme FTIR 1007:1010 arg1 spectroscopy 1012:1023 FTIR spectroscopy 1007:1023 FTIR spectroscopy 1007:1023 Chemical composition analysis and FTIR spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed by the applied treatments. 24299851 2 56 theme bast 179:182 arg1 fibers 184:189 raw kenaf bast fibers 169:189 raw kenaf bast fibers 169:189 Initially raw kenaf bast fibers were subjected to an alkali pulping process. 24299851 8 57 theme properties 1179:1188 arg1 enhancement 1164:1174 progressive enhancement 1152:1174 progressive enhancement of properties in fibers 1152:1198 XRD and TGA analyses demonstrated progressive enhancement of properties in fibers, hierarchically, in going from micro to nano scale. 24299851 5 58 from stages 615:620 arg1 crystallinity 547:559 crystallinity 547:559 crystallinity 547:559 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 58 from stages 615:620 arg1 morphology 516:525 morphology 516:525 morphology 516:525 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 58 from stages 615:620 arg1 groups 539:544 functional groups 528:544 functional groups 528:544 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 58 from stages 615:620 arg1 behavior 574:581 thermal behavior 566:581 thermal behavior 566:581 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 58 from stages 615:620 arg1 hierarchy 592:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 2 59 theme kenaf 173:177 arg1 fibers 184:189 raw kenaf bast fibers 169:189 raw kenaf bast fibers 169:189 Initially raw kenaf bast fibers were subjected to an alkali pulping process. 24299851 3 60 theme bleached 313:320 arg1 fibers 322:327 both pulped and bleached fibers 297:327 both pulped and bleached fibers 297:327 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24299851 9 61 theme ubnleached 1343:1352 arg1 nanofibers 1367:1376 characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1329:1376 characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers 1329:1376 Interestingly no significant evolution was observed between obtained data of characterized ubnleached and bleached nanofibers. 24299851 2 62 theme pulping 219:225 arg1 process 227:233 an alkali pulping process 209:233 an alkali pulping process 209:233 Initially raw kenaf bast fibers were subjected to an alkali pulping process. 24299851 5 63 theme functional 528:537 arg1 groups 539:544 functional groups 528:544 functional groups 528:544 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 5 63 theme functional 528:537 arg1 hierarchy 592:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 fiber hierarchy 586:600 Moreover morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of fiber hierarchy at different stages of purification were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. 24299851 3 64 theme nanoscale 367:375 arg1 fibers 388:393 their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers 349:393 their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers 349:393 Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing. 24376222 5 0 theme sodium 738:743 arg1 variables 727:735 three independent variables 709:735 three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time 709:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 0 theme sodium 738:743 arg1 hydroxide 745:753 sodium hydroxide 738:753 sodium hydroxide 738:753 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 7 1 theme treatment 1185:1193 arg1 time 1195:1198 25 min treatment time 1178:1198 25 min treatment time 1178:1198 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 2 theme best 1209:1212 arg1 results 1214:1220 the best results 1205:1220 the best results 1205:1220 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 4 3 theme alkaline 559:566 arg1 pretreatment 568:579 alkaline pretreatment 559:579 alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation 559:655 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 0 4 theme bioethanol 71:80 arg1 production 57:66 production 57:66 production of bioethanol 57:80 Optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp for production of bioethanol. 24376222 6 5 theme hemicellulose 909:921 arg1 hydrolysis 977:986 the subsequent hydrolysis 962:986 the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component 962:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 5 theme hemicellulose 909:921 arg1 concentration 881:893 the concentration 877:893 the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material 877:959 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 5 theme hemicellulose 909:921 arg1 fermentation 1023:1034 its fermentation 1019:1034 its fermentation of substrate 1019:1047 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 3 6 theme green 490:494 arg1 grains 496:501 green grains 490:501 green grains 490:501 Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. 24376222 7 7 theme cellulose 1230:1238 arg1 sugars 1331:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 7 theme cellulose 1230:1238 arg1 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 7 theme cellulose 1230:1238 arg1 % 1228:1228 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 3 8 theme important 351:359 arg1 product 374:380 the most important agricultural product 342:380 the most important agricultural product 342:380 Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. 24376222 4 9 with pretreatment 568:579 arg1 aim 605:607 the aim 601:607 the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation 601:655 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 7 10 theme % 1112:1112 arg1 solution 1137:1144 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution 1111:1144 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution 1111:1144 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 3 11 theme agricultural 361:372 arg1 product 374:380 the most important agricultural product 342:380 the most important agricultural product 342:380 Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. 24376222 6 12 theme cellulose 898:906 arg1 hydrolysis 977:986 the subsequent hydrolysis 962:986 the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component 962:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 12 theme cellulose 898:906 arg1 concentration 881:893 the concentration 877:893 the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material 877:959 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 12 theme cellulose 898:906 arg1 fermentation 1023:1034 its fermentation 1019:1034 its fermentation of substrate 1019:1047 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 5 13 used used 699:702 arg2 design 688:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 3 14 theme dry 465:467 arg1 processing 469:478 the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively 453:515 the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively 453:515 Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 g/L 1349:1351 27.02 g/L 1343:1351 27.02 g/L of glucose 1343:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 % 1289:1289 25.19% 1284:1289 25.19% lignin remaining 1284:1306 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 sugars 1331:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 % 1256:1256 44.15% 1251:1256 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining 1251:1281 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 % 1228:1228 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 15 dep gave 1200:1203 arg1 g/L 1315:1317 38.13 g/L 1309:1317 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars 1309:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 16 theme ethanol 1391:1397 arg1 g/L 1384:1386 13.66 g/L 1378:1386 13.66 g/L of ethanol 1378:1397 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 g/L 1349:1351 27.02 g/L 1343:1351 27.02 g/L of glucose 1343:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 % 1289:1289 25.19% 1284:1289 25.19% lignin remaining 1284:1306 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 sugars 1331:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 % 1256:1256 44.15% 1251:1256 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining 1251:1281 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 % 1228:1228 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 17 theme glucose 1356:1362 arg1 g/L 1315:1317 38.13 g/L 1309:1317 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars 1309:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 4 18 theme alcoholic 634:642 arg1 fermentation 644:655 the alcoholic fermentation 630:655 the alcoholic fermentation 630:655 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 4 19 theme pretreatment 568:579 arg1 optimization 543:554 the optimization 539:554 the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation 539:655 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 6 20 theme cellulose 995:1003 arg1 component 1005:1013 the cellulose component 991:1013 the cellulose component 991:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 7 21 theme calcium 1155:1161 arg1 hydroxide 1163:1171 no calcium hydroxide 1152:1171 no calcium hydroxide 1152:1171 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 4 22 from use 623:625 arg1 fermentation 644:655 the alcoholic fermentation 630:655 the alcoholic fermentation 630:655 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 1 23 theme recent 186:191 arg1 years 193:197 recent years 186:197 recent years 186:197 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. 24376222 5 24 theme alkaline 796:803 arg1 variables 727:735 three independent variables 709:735 three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time 709:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 24 theme alkaline 796:803 arg1 time 818:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 6 25 theme subsequent 966:975 arg1 hydrolysis 977:986 the subsequent hydrolysis 962:986 the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component 962:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 3 26 theme coffee 420:425 arg1 husk 427:430 coffee husk 420:430 coffee husk 420:430 Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. 24376222 0 27 theme pretreatment 25:36 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp for production of bioethanol. 0:81 Optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp for production of bioethanol. 24376222 7 28 theme remaining 1298:1306 arg1 lignin 1291:1296 lignin remaining 1291:1306 25.19% lignin remaining 1284:1306 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 5 29 theme composite 668:676 arg1 design 688:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 7 30 theme reducing 1322:1329 arg1 sugars 1331:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 31 theme 4 1111:1111 arg1 % 1112:1112 % 1112:1112 % 1112:1112 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 0 32 theme alkaline 16:23 arg1 pretreatment 25:36 alkaline pretreatment 16:36 alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp 16:51 Optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp for production of bioethanol. 24376222 5 33 theme rotatable 678:686 arg1 design 688:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 1 34 theme lignocellulosic 94:108 arg1 materials 114:122 lignocellulosic raw materials 94:122 lignocellulosic raw materials 94:122 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. 24376222 3 35 theme wet 457:459 arg1 processing 469:478 the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively 453:515 the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively 453:515 Coffee stands out as the most important agricultural product in Brazil and wastes such as pulp and coffee husk are generated during the wet and dry processing to obtain green grains, respectively. 24376222 0 36 theme coffee 41:46 arg1 pulp 48:51 coffee pulp 41:51 coffee pulp 41:51 Optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp for production of bioethanol. 24376222 7 37 with pretreatment 1092:1103 arg1 time 1195:1198 25 min treatment time 1178:1198 25 min treatment time 1178:1198 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 37 with pretreatment 1092:1103 arg1 hydroxide 1163:1171 no calcium hydroxide 1152:1171 no calcium hydroxide 1152:1171 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 5 38 dep variables 727:735 arg1 hydroxide 745:753 sodium hydroxide 738:753 sodium hydroxide 738:753 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 38 dep variables 727:735 arg1 concentrations 777:790 calcium hydroxide concentrations 759:790 calcium hydroxide concentrations 759:790 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 38 dep variables 727:735 arg1 variables 727:735 three independent variables 709:735 three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time 709:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 38 dep variables 727:735 arg1 time 818:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 6 39 theme alkaline 855:862 arg1 pretreatment 864:875 alkaline pretreatment 855:875 alkaline pretreatment 855:875 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 g/L 1349:1351 27.02 g/L 1343:1351 27.02 g/L of glucose 1343:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 % 1289:1289 25.19% 1284:1289 25.19% lignin remaining 1284:1306 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 sugars 1331:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 % 1256:1256 44.15% 1251:1256 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining 1251:1281 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 % 1228:1228 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 40 theme sugars 1331:1336 arg1 g/L 1315:1317 38.13 g/L 1309:1317 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars 1309:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 6 41 theme substrate 1039:1047 arg1 hydrolysis 977:986 the subsequent hydrolysis 962:986 the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component 962:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 41 theme substrate 1039:1047 arg1 concentration 881:893 the concentration 877:893 the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material 877:959 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 41 theme substrate 1039:1047 arg1 fermentation 1023:1034 its fermentation 1019:1034 its fermentation of substrate 1019:1047 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 5 42 theme calcium 759:765 arg1 concentrations 777:790 calcium hydroxide concentrations 759:790 calcium hydroxide concentrations 759:790 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 43 theme pretreatment 805:816 arg1 variables 727:735 three independent variables 709:735 three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time 709:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 43 theme pretreatment 805:816 arg1 time 818:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 44 theme independent 715:725 arg1 hydroxide 745:753 sodium hydroxide 738:753 sodium hydroxide 738:753 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 44 theme independent 715:725 arg1 variables 727:735 three independent variables 709:735 three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time 709:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 44 theme independent 715:725 arg1 time 818:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 alkaline pretreatment time 796:821 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 5 45 theme hydroxide 767:775 arg1 concentrations 777:790 calcium hydroxide concentrations 759:790 calcium hydroxide concentrations 759:790 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 7 46 theme 25 1178:1179 arg1 min 1181:1183 min 1181:1183 min 1181:1183 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 47 theme remaining 1240:1248 arg1 sugars 1331:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 reducing sugars 1322:1336 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 47 theme remaining 1240:1248 arg1 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 glucose 1356:1362 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 47 theme remaining 1240:1248 arg1 % 1228:1228 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 69.18% cellulose remaining 1223:1248 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 48 dep % 1289:1289 arg1 lignin 1291:1296 lignin remaining 1291:1306 25.19% lignin remaining 1284:1306 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 1 49 theme raw 110:112 arg1 materials 114:122 lignocellulosic raw materials 94:122 lignocellulosic raw materials 94:122 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. 24376222 0 50 theme pulp 48:51 arg1 pretreatment 25:36 alkaline pretreatment 16:36 alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp 16:51 Optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp for production of bioethanol. 24376222 7 51 theme ethanol/g 1421:1429 arg1 glucose 1431:1437 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose 1415:1437 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose 1415:1437 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 2 52 theme efficient 213:221 arg1 conversion 223:232 efficient conversion 213:232 efficient conversion to ethanol 213:243 However, for efficient conversion to ethanol, many pretreatment steps are required prior to hydrolysis and fermentation. 24376222 7 53 theme min 1181:1183 arg1 time 1195:1198 25 min treatment time 1178:1198 25 min treatment time 1178:1198 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 1 54 theme materials 114:122 arg1 use 87:89 The use 83:89 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production 83:147 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. 24376222 6 55 theme lignin 928:933 arg1 hydrolysis 977:986 the subsequent hydrolysis 962:986 the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component 962:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 55 theme lignin 928:933 arg1 concentration 881:893 the concentration 877:893 the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material 877:959 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 55 theme lignin 928:933 arg1 fermentation 1023:1034 its fermentation 1019:1034 its fermentation of substrate 1019:1047 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 7 56 theme glucose 1431:1437 arg1 yield 1406:1410 a yield 1404:1410 a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose 1404:1437 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 57 theme hydroxide 1127:1135 arg1 solution 1137:1144 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution 1111:1144 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution 1111:1144 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 4 58 theme pulp 591:594 arg1 pretreatment 568:579 alkaline pretreatment 559:579 alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation 559:655 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 5 59 theme central 660:666 arg1 design 688:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design 658:693 A central composite rotatable design was used with three independent variables: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide concentrations and alkaline pretreatment time, totaling 17 experiments. 24376222 7 60 theme 0.4 1415:1417 arg1 g 1419:1419 g 1419:1419 g 1419:1419 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 2 61 theme pretreatment 251:262 arg1 steps 264:268 many pretreatment steps 246:268 many pretreatment steps 246:268 However, for efficient conversion to ethanol, many pretreatment steps are required prior to hydrolysis and fermentation. 24376222 1 62 theme bioethanol 127:136 arg1 production 138:147 bioethanol production 127:147 bioethanol production 127:147 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. 24376222 7 63 dep % 1256:1256 arg1 hemicelluloses 1258:1271 hemicelluloses 1258:1271 hemicelluloses remaining 1258:1281 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 4 64 theme coffee 584:589 arg1 pulp 591:594 coffee pulp 584:594 coffee pulp 584:594 This work focused on the optimization of alkaline pretreatment of coffee pulp with the aim of making its use in the alcoholic fermentation. 24376222 7 65 theme g 1419:1419 arg1 glucose 1431:1437 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose 1415:1437 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose 1415:1437 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 2 66 theme many 246:249 arg1 steps 264:268 many pretreatment steps 246:268 many pretreatment steps 246:268 However, for efficient conversion to ethanol, many pretreatment steps are required prior to hydrolysis and fermentation. 24376222 1 67 from use 87:89 arg1 production 138:147 bioethanol production 127:147 bioethanol production 127:147 The use of lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production has been intensively investigated in recent years. 24376222 7 68 theme sodium 1120:1125 arg1 solution 1137:1144 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution 1111:1144 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution 1111:1144 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 7 69 dep % 1112:1112 arg1 w/v 1115:1117 w/v 1115:1117 w/v 1115:1117 The results indicated that pretreatment using 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution, with no calcium hydroxide, and 25 min treatment time gave the best results (69.18% cellulose remaining, 44.15% hemicelluloses remaining, 25.19% lignin remaining, 38.13 g/L of reducing sugars, and 27.02 g/L of glucose) and produced 13.66 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 0.4 g ethanol/g glucose. 24376222 6 70 theme component 1005:1013 arg1 hydrolysis 977:986 the subsequent hydrolysis 962:986 the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component 962:1013 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 70 theme component 1005:1013 arg1 concentration 881:893 the concentration 877:893 the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material 877:959 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24376222 6 70 theme component 1005:1013 arg1 fermentation 1023:1034 its fermentation 1019:1034 its fermentation of substrate 1019:1047 After alkaline pretreatment the concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin remaining in the material, the subsequent hydrolysis of the cellulose component and its fermentation of substrate were evaluated. 24875148 4 0 theme targeting 925:933 arg1 potential 935:943 targeting potential 925:943 targeting potential 925:943 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 8 1 theme VL 1651:1652 arg1 treatment 1638:1646 the effective treatment 1624:1646 the effective treatment of VL 1624:1652 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 3 2 theme Cur-MCNPs 736:744 arg1 polymer 696:702 a conjugate polymer 684:702 a conjugate polymer 684:702 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 3 2 theme Cur-MCNPs 736:744 arg1 amination 637:645 reductive amination 627:645 reductive amination 627:645 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 3 2 theme Cur-MCNPs 736:744 arg1 formulation 721:731 a subsequent formulation 708:731 a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs 708:744 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 1 3 theme curcumin 310:317 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 3 theme curcumin 310:317 arg1 nanoparticles 281:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles 223:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 223:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 7 4 theme system 1484:1489 arg1 macrophages 1449:1459 the macrophages 1445:1459 the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system 1445:1489 In vivo uptake study indicated that endocytosis took place effectively within the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. 24875148 6 5 theme optimized 1220:1228 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 1230:1238 optimized Cur-MCNPs 1220:1238 optimized Cur-MCNPs 1220:1238 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 3 6 gly mannosylated 661:672 arg1 chitosan 674:681 a mannosylated chitosan 659:681 a mannosylated chitosan 659:681 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 6 7 theme time 1301:1304 arg1 value 1278:1282 the value 1274:1282 the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) 1274:1314 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 3 8 theme reductive 627:635 arg1 polymer 696:702 a conjugate polymer 684:702 a conjugate polymer 684:702 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 3 8 theme reductive 627:635 arg1 amination 637:645 reductive amination 627:645 reductive amination 627:645 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 3 8 theme reductive 627:635 arg1 formulation 721:731 a subsequent formulation 708:731 a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs 708:744 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 0 9 theme visceral 139:146 arg1 leishmaniasis 148:160 visceral leishmaniasis 139:160 visceral leishmaniasis 139:160 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 1 10 theme curcumin-loaded 243:257 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 10 theme curcumin-loaded 243:257 arg1 nanoparticles 281:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles 223:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 223:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 5 11 theme RESULTS 988:994 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 1006:1014 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs 988:1014 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs 988:1014 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 2 12 from effect 511:516 arg1 characteristics 570:584 physicochemical-dependent characteristics 544:584 physicochemical-dependent characteristics 544:584 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 7 13 theme uptake 1375:1380 arg1 study 1382:1386 In vivo uptake study 1367:1386 In vivo uptake study 1367:1386 In vivo uptake study indicated that endocytosis took place effectively within the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. 24875148 6 14 dep showed 1240:1245 arg1 compared 1316:1323 compared 1316:1323 showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05) 1240:1364 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 1 15 theme chitosan 272:279 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 15 theme chitosan 272:279 arg1 nanoparticles 281:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles 223:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 223:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 7 16 theme In 1367:1368 arg1 study 1382:1386 In vivo uptake study 1367:1386 In vivo uptake study 1367:1386 In vivo uptake study indicated that endocytosis took place effectively within the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. 24875148 4 17 dep in 806:807 arg1 vitro 809:813 vitro 809:813 vitro 809:813 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 6 18 theme CUR 1333:1335 arg1 < 1358:1358 p < 0.05 1356:1363 p < 0.05 1356:1363 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 18 theme CUR 1333:1335 arg1 solution 1337:1344 free CUR solution 1328:1344 free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05) 1328:1364 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 18 theme CUR 1333:1335 arg1 h 1352:1352 0.30 h 1347:1352 0.30 h 1347:1352 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 2 19 theme factors 533:539 arg1 effect 511:516 the effect 507:516 the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics 507:584 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 1 20 dep curcumin 310:317 arg1 improve 328:334 improve 328:334 to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 325:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 3 21 theme mannosylated 661:672 arg1 chitosan 674:681 a mannosylated chitosan 659:681 a mannosylated chitosan 659:681 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 0 22 theme surface 99:105 arg1 methodology 107:117 response surface methodology 90:117 response surface methodology 90:117 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 1 23 theme visceral 382:389 arg1 VL 406:407 VL 406:407 VL 406:407 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 23 theme visceral 382:389 arg1 leishmaniasis 391:403 visceral leishmaniasis 382:403 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 382:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 5 24 theme mV 1149:1150 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 % entrapment efficiency 1156:1178 % entrapment efficiency of 82.12% 1156:1188 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 24 theme mV 1149:1150 arg1 potential 1128:1136 zeta potential 1123:1136 zeta potential of + 24.37 mV 1123:1150 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 24 theme mV 1149:1150 arg1 index 1107:1111 polydispersity index 1092:1111 polydispersity index of 0.381 1092:1120 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 2 25 theme physicochemical-dependent 544:568 arg1 characteristics 570:584 physicochemical-dependent characteristics 544:584 physicochemical-dependent characteristics 544:584 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 4 26 theme physiological 835:847 arg1 pH 849:850 physiological pH 7.4 835:854 physiological pH 7.4 835:854 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 5 27 theme % 1156:1156 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 % entrapment efficiency 1156:1178 % entrapment efficiency of 82.12% 1156:1188 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 28 theme mean 1062:1065 arg1 size 1076:1079 a mean particle size 1060:1079 a mean particle size of 215 nm 1060:1089 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 8 29 theme promising 1545:1553 arg1 strategy 1564:1571 a promising delivery strategy 1543:1571 a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL 1543:1652 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 8 29 theme promising 1545:1553 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 1510:1518 Cur-MCNPs 1510:1518 Cur-MCNPs 1510:1518 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 2 30 theme Response 419:426 arg1 RSM 449:451 RSM 449:451 RSM 449:451 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 2 30 theme Response 419:426 arg1 methodology 436:446 METHODS Response surface methodology 411:446 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design 411:483 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 5 31 theme spherical 1026:1034 arg1 surface 1047:1053 spherical and smooth surface 1026:1053 spherical and smooth surface 1026:1053 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 2 32 theme composite 468:476 arg1 design 478:483 central composite design 460:483 central composite design 460:483 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 4 33 dep in 889:890 arg1 vivo 892:895 vivo 892:895 vivo 892:895 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 8 34 dep CONCLUSIONS 1492:1502 arg1 considered 1529:1538 considered 1529:1538 could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL 1520:1652 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 5 35 theme smooth 1040:1045 arg1 surface 1047:1053 spherical and smooth surface 1026:1053 spherical and smooth surface 1026:1053 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 8 36 theme active 1581:1586 arg1 targeting 1588:1596 active targeting 1581:1596 active targeting of CUR to macrophages 1581:1618 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 0 37 theme curcumin-loaded 32:46 arg1 chitosan 61:68 curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan 32:68 curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan 32:68 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 1 38 theme therapeutic 340:350 arg1 potential 352:360 its therapeutic potential 336:360 its therapeutic potential 336:360 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 3 39 theme conjugate 686:694 arg1 polymer 696:702 a conjugate polymer 684:702 a conjugate polymer 684:702 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 3 39 theme conjugate 686:694 arg1 amination 637:645 reductive amination 627:645 reductive amination 627:645 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 0 40 theme chitosan 61:68 arg1 optimization 16:27 optimization 16:27 optimization 16:27 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 0 40 theme chitosan 61:68 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 1 41 theme nanoparticles 281:293 arg1 optimization 207:218 optimization 207:218 optimization 207:218 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 41 theme nanoparticles 281:293 arg1 formulation 191:201 formulation 191:201 formulation 191:201 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 0 42 gly mannosylated 48:59 arg1 chitosan 61:68 curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan 32:68 curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan 32:68 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 3 43 theme subsequent 710:719 arg1 amination 637:645 reductive amination 627:645 reductive amination 627:645 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 3 43 theme subsequent 710:719 arg1 formulation 721:731 a subsequent formulation 708:731 a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs 708:744 Chitosan was coupled with d-mannose, by reductive amination, to prepare a mannosylated chitosan, a conjugate polymer and a subsequent formulation of Cur-MCNPs. 24875148 4 44 theme endosomal 860:868 arg1 pH 881:882 endosomal macrophage pH 4.5 860:886 endosomal macrophage pH 4.5 860:886 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 8 45 theme effective 1628:1636 arg1 treatment 1638:1646 the effective treatment 1624:1646 the effective treatment of VL 1624:1652 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 6 46 theme free 1328:1331 arg1 < 1358:1358 p < 0.05 1356:1363 p < 0.05 1356:1363 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 46 theme free 1328:1331 arg1 solution 1337:1344 free CUR solution 1328:1344 free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05) 1328:1364 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 46 theme free 1328:1331 arg1 h 1352:1352 0.30 h 1347:1352 0.30 h 1347:1352 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 7 47 theme reticuloendothelial 1464:1482 arg1 system 1484:1489 reticuloendothelial system 1464:1489 reticuloendothelial system 1464:1489 In vivo uptake study indicated that endocytosis took place effectively within the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. 24875148 6 48 theme Cur-MCNPs 1230:1238 arg1 study 1211:1215 The pharmacokinetic study 1191:1215 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs 1191:1238 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 7 49 dep In 1367:1368 arg1 vivo 1370:1373 vivo 1370:1373 vivo 1370:1373 In vivo uptake study indicated that endocytosis took place effectively within the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. 24875148 4 50 theme in 889:890 arg1 profile 913:919 in vivo pharmacokinetic profile 889:919 in vivo pharmacokinetic profile 889:919 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 1 51 gly mannosylated 259:270 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 51 gly mannosylated 259:270 arg1 nanoparticles 281:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles 223:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 223:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 6 52 theme pharmacokinetic 1195:1209 arg1 study 1211:1215 The pharmacokinetic study 1191:1215 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs 1191:1238 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 0 53 theme leishmaniasis 148:160 arg1 treatment 126:134 the treatment 122:134 the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis 122:160 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 1 54 theme macrophage-targeted 223:241 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 54 theme macrophage-targeted 223:241 arg1 nanoparticles 281:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles 223:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 223:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 55 theme mannosylated 259:270 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 Cur-MCNPs 296:304 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 55 theme mannosylated 259:270 arg1 nanoparticles 281:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles 223:293 macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 223:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 6 56 theme mean 1287:1290 arg1 time 1301:1304 mean resident time 1287:1304 mean resident time (39.38 h) 1287:1314 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 56 theme mean 1287:1290 arg1 h 1313:1313 39.38 h 1307:1313 39.38 h 1307:1313 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 5 57 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 % entrapment efficiency 1156:1178 % entrapment efficiency of 82.12% 1156:1188 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 57 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 potential 1128:1136 zeta potential 1123:1136 zeta potential of + 24.37 mV 1123:1150 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 57 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 index 1107:1111 polydispersity index 1092:1111 polydispersity index of 0.381 1092:1120 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 6 58 theme p 1356:1356 arg1 < 1358:1358 p < 0.05 1356:1363 p < 0.05 1356:1363 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 58 theme p 1356:1356 arg1 solution 1337:1344 free CUR solution 1328:1344 free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05) 1328:1364 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 5 59 theme 0.381 1116:1120 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 % entrapment efficiency 1156:1178 % entrapment efficiency of 82.12% 1156:1188 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 59 theme 0.381 1116:1120 arg1 potential 1128:1136 zeta potential 1123:1136 zeta potential of + 24.37 mV 1123:1150 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 59 theme 0.381 1116:1120 arg1 index 1107:1111 polydispersity index 1092:1111 polydispersity index of 0.381 1092:1120 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 60 theme Optimized 996:1004 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 1006:1014 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs 988:1014 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs 988:1014 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 4 61 theme fluorescence 963:974 arg1 microscopy 976:985 fluorescence microscopy 963:985 fluorescence microscopy 963:985 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 0 62 theme response 90:97 arg1 methodology 107:117 response surface methodology 90:117 response surface methodology 90:117 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 5 63 theme zeta 1123:1126 arg1 potential 1128:1136 zeta potential 1123:1136 zeta potential of + 24.37 mV 1123:1150 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 2 64 theme formulation 521:531 arg1 factors 533:539 formulation factors 521:539 formulation factors 521:539 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 6 65 theme significant 1247:1257 arg1 improvement 1259:1269 significant improvement 1247:1269 significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) 1247:1314 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 66 from improvement 1259:1269 arg1 value 1278:1282 the value 1274:1282 the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) 1274:1314 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 4 67 theme Optimized 747:755 arg1 formulation 757:767 Optimized formulation 747:767 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM 747:786 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 1 68 theme leishmaniasis 391:403 arg1 treatment 369:377 the treatment 365:377 the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 365:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 1 69 dep OBJECTIVE 163:171 arg1 aims 183:186 aims 183:186 aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 183:408 OBJECTIVE The study aims at formulation and optimization of macrophage-targeted curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-MCNPs) of curcumin (CUR) to improve its therapeutic potential in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). 24875148 4 70 theme release 815:821 arg1 kinetics 823:830 in vitro release kinetics 806:830 in vitro release kinetics 806:830 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 8 71 theme delivery 1555:1562 arg1 strategy 1564:1571 a promising delivery strategy 1543:1571 a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL 1543:1652 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 8 71 theme delivery 1555:1562 arg1 Cur-MCNPs 1510:1518 Cur-MCNPs 1510:1518 Cur-MCNPs 1510:1518 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 2 72 theme surface 428:434 arg1 RSM 449:451 RSM 449:451 RSM 449:451 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 2 72 theme surface 428:434 arg1 methodology 436:446 METHODS Response surface methodology 411:446 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design 411:483 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 5 73 theme entrapment 1158:1167 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 % entrapment efficiency 1156:1178 % entrapment efficiency of 82.12% 1156:1188 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 2 74 theme METHODS 411:417 arg1 RSM 449:451 RSM 449:451 RSM 449:451 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 2 74 theme METHODS 411:417 arg1 methodology 436:446 METHODS Response surface methodology 411:446 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design 411:483 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 6 75 theme resident 1292:1299 arg1 time 1301:1304 mean resident time 1287:1304 mean resident time (39.38 h) 1287:1314 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 6 75 theme resident 1292:1299 arg1 h 1313:1313 39.38 h 1307:1313 39.38 h 1307:1313 The pharmacokinetic study of optimized Cur-MCNPs showed significant improvement in the value of mean resident time (39.38 h) compared to free CUR solution (0.30 h) (p < 0.05). 24875148 2 76 theme central 460:466 arg1 design 478:483 central composite design 460:483 central composite design 460:483 METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was employed to study the effect of formulation factors on physicochemical-dependent characteristics. 24875148 4 77 theme in 806:807 arg1 kinetics 823:830 in vitro release kinetics 806:830 in vitro release kinetics 806:830 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 0 78 theme mannosylated 48:59 arg1 chitosan 61:68 curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan 32:68 curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan 32:68 Development and optimization of curcumin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. 24875148 5 79 theme nm 1088:1089 arg1 size 1076:1079 a mean particle size 1060:1079 a mean particle size of 215 nm 1060:1089 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 8 80 theme CUR 1601:1603 arg1 targeting 1588:1596 active targeting 1581:1596 active targeting of CUR to macrophages 1581:1618 CONCLUSIONS Thus, Cur-MCNPs could be considered as a promising delivery strategy towards active targeting of CUR to macrophages for the effective treatment of VL. 24875148 4 81 theme macrophage 870:879 arg1 pH 881:882 endosomal macrophage pH 4.5 860:886 endosomal macrophage pH 4.5 860:886 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 5 82 theme polydispersity 1092:1105 arg1 index 1107:1111 polydispersity index 1092:1111 polydispersity index of 0.381 1092:1120 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 4 83 theme pharmacokinetic 897:911 arg1 profile 913:919 in vivo pharmacokinetic profile 889:919 in vivo pharmacokinetic profile 889:919 Optimized formulation prepared using RSM was evaluated for in vitro release kinetics at physiological pH 7.4 and endosomal macrophage pH 4.5; in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and targeting potential were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. 24875148 5 84 dep mV 1149:1150 arg1 24.37 1143:1147 24.37 1143:1147 24.37 1143:1147 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 24875148 5 85 theme particle 1067:1074 arg1 size 1076:1079 a mean particle size 1060:1079 a mean particle size of 215 nm 1060:1089 RESULTS Optimized Cur-MCNPs exhibited spherical and smooth surface with a mean particle size of 215 nm, polydispersity index of 0.381, zeta potential of + 24.37 mV and % entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. 25129743 8 0 theme cell 911:914 arg1 studies 924:930 in vitro cell culture studies 902:930 in vitro cell culture studies 902:930 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 9 1 theme potential 1055:1063 arg1 use 1065:1067 potential use 1055:1067 potential use in biomedical applications 1055:1094 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 9 2 from use 1065:1067 arg1 applications 1083:1094 biomedical applications 1072:1094 biomedical applications 1072:1094 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 5 3 theme heterogeneous 582:594 arg1 pores 629:633 interconnected pores 614:633 interconnected pores 614:633 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 3 theme heterogeneous 582:594 arg1 porosity 644:651 good porosity 639:651 good porosity (72-77%) 639:660 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 3 theme heterogeneous 582:594 arg1 formation 603:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 6 4 theme swelling 725:732 arg1 behavior 734:741 swelling behavior 725:741 swelling behavior 725:741 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 8 5 theme culture 916:922 arg1 studies 924:930 in vitro cell culture studies 902:930 in vitro cell culture studies 902:930 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 3 6 theme gel 342:344 arg1 structure 354:362 AV gel complex structure 339:362 AV gel complex structure 339:362 This work proposes using AV gel complex structure and chemical composition, associated with freeze-drying, to produce sponges. 25129743 5 7 theme porous 596:601 arg1 pores 629:633 interconnected pores 614:633 interconnected pores 614:633 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 7 theme porous 596:601 arg1 porosity 644:651 good porosity 639:651 good porosity (72-77%) 639:660 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 7 theme porous 596:601 arg1 formation 603:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 2 8 from nutrients 283:291 arg1 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 1 9 theme Chemical 60:67 arg1 composition 69:79 Chemical composition 60:79 Chemical composition 60:79 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 2 10 from compounds 272:280 arg1 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 4 11 from stability 468:476 arg1 media 489:493 aqueous media 481:493 aqueous media 481:493 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 9 12 theme biomedical 1072:1081 arg1 applications 1083:1094 biomedical applications 1072:1094 biomedical applications 1072:1094 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 8 13 dep in 902:903 arg1 vitro 905:909 vitro 905:909 vitro 905:909 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 2 14 from polysaccharides 297:311 arg1 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 4 15 theme structures 457:466 arg1 stability 468:476 the structures stability 453:476 the structures stability in aqueous media 453:493 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 5 16 theme AV-based 556:563 arg1 sponges 565:571 AV-based sponges 556:571 AV-based sponges 556:571 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 1 17 theme biological 85:94 arg1 properties 96:105 biological properties 85:105 biological properties 85:105 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 0 18 theme Aloe 13:16 arg1 sponges 23:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges 0:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges 0:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges for biomedical applications. 25129743 8 19 theme mouse 979:983 arg1 line 1006:1009 a mouse fibroblast-like cell line 977:1009 a mouse fibroblast-like cell line 977:1009 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 1 20 theme potential 156:164 arg1 use 166:168 its potential use 152:168 its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 152:222 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 0 21 theme Bio-inspired 0:11 arg1 sponges 23:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges 0:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges 0:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges for biomedical applications. 25129743 4 22 theme gellan 514:519 arg1 GG 526:527 GG 526:527 GG 526:527 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 4 22 theme gellan 514:519 arg1 gum 521:523 gellan gum 514:523 gellan gum (GG) 514:528 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 8 23 theme in 902:903 arg1 studies 924:930 in vitro cell culture studies 902:930 in vitro cell culture studies 902:930 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 3 24 theme AV 339:340 arg1 structure 354:362 AV gel complex structure 339:362 AV gel complex structure 339:362 This work proposes using AV gel complex structure and chemical composition, associated with freeze-drying, to produce sponges. 25129743 5 25 theme good 639:642 arg1 porosity 644:651 good porosity 639:651 good porosity (72-77%) 639:660 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 25 theme good 639:642 arg1 % 659:659 72-77% 654:659 72-77% 654:659 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 25 theme good 639:642 arg1 formation 603:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 7 26 theme BSA-FTIC 847:854 arg1 release 836:842 the sustained release 822:842 the sustained release of BSA-FTIC, used as a model protein, 822:880 Moreover, sponges provided the sustained release of BSA-FTIC, used as a model protein, over 3 weeks. 25129743 2 27 theme several 264:270 arg1 compounds 272:280 several compounds 264:280 several compounds 264:280 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 7 28 theme model 867:871 arg1 protein 873:879 a model protein 865:879 a model protein 865:879 Moreover, sponges provided the sustained release of BSA-FTIC, used as a model protein, over 3 weeks. 25129743 0 29 theme vera 18:21 arg1 sponges 23:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges 0:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges 0:29 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges for biomedical applications. 25129743 6 30 theme sponges 786:792 arg1 stability 714:722 the stability 710:722 the stability 710:722 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 6 30 theme sponges 786:792 arg1 behavior 734:741 swelling behavior 725:741 swelling behavior 725:741 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 6 30 theme sponges 786:792 arg1 properties 758:767 mechanical properties 747:767 mechanical properties 747:767 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 1 31 theme vera 115:118 arg1 composition 69:79 Chemical composition 60:79 Chemical composition 60:79 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 1 31 theme vera 115:118 arg1 properties 96:105 biological properties 85:105 biological properties 85:105 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 1 32 theme cosmetic 174:181 arg1 applications 211:222 cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 174:222 cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 174:222 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 0 33 theme biomedical 35:44 arg1 applications 46:57 biomedical applications 35:57 biomedical applications 35:57 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges for biomedical applications. 25129743 4 34 theme gum 521:523 arg1 coating 503:509 a thin coating 496:509 a thin coating 496:509 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 6 35 theme resulting 776:784 arg1 sponges 786:792 the resulting sponges 772:792 the resulting sponges 772:792 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 2 36 from present 232:238 arg1 AV 243:244 AV 243:244 AV 243:244 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 6 37 theme GG 682:683 arg1 layer 685:689 a GG layer 680:689 a GG layer onto AV 680:697 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 1 38 theme nutritional 184:194 arg1 applications 211:222 cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 174:222 cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 174:222 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 9 39 contain have 1050:1053 arg1 sponges 1042:1048 developed AV-based sponges 1023:1048 developed AV-based sponges 1023:1048 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 9 39 contain have 1050:1053 arg2 use 1065:1067 potential use 1055:1067 potential use in biomedical applications 1055:1094 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 8 40 theme fibroblast-like 985:999 arg1 line 1006:1009 a mouse fibroblast-like cell line 977:1009 a mouse fibroblast-like cell line 977:1009 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 3 41 theme chemical 368:375 arg1 composition 377:387 chemical composition 368:387 chemical composition 368:387 This work proposes using AV gel complex structure and chemical composition, associated with freeze-drying, to produce sponges. 25129743 5 42 theme interconnected 614:627 arg1 pores 629:633 interconnected pores 614:633 interconnected pores 614:633 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 5 42 theme interconnected 614:627 arg1 formation 603:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 a heterogeneous porous formation 580:611 AV-based sponges showed a heterogeneous porous formation, interconnected pores and good porosity (72-77%). 25129743 7 43 theme sustained 826:834 arg1 release 836:842 the sustained release 822:842 the sustained release of BSA-FTIC, used as a model protein, 822:880 Moreover, sponges provided the sustained release of BSA-FTIC, used as a model protein, over 3 weeks. 25129743 4 44 theme thin 498:501 arg1 coating 503:509 a thin coating 496:509 a thin coating 496:509 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 6 45 theme mechanical 747:756 arg1 properties 758:767 mechanical properties 747:767 mechanical properties 747:767 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 0 46 dep sponges 23:29 arg1 applications 46:57 biomedical applications 35:57 biomedical applications 35:57 Bio-inspired Aloe vera sponges for biomedical applications. 25129743 9 47 theme developed 1023:1031 arg1 sponges 1042:1048 developed AV-based sponges 1023:1048 developed AV-based sponges 1023:1048 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 1 48 theme Aloe 110:113 arg1 plant 137:141 a tropical plant 126:141 a tropical plant 126:141 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 1 48 theme Aloe 110:113 arg1 AV 121:122 AV 121:122 AV 121:122 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 1 48 theme Aloe 110:113 arg1 vera 115:118 Aloe vera 110:118 Aloe vera (AV) 110:123 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 8 49 theme cell 1001:1004 arg1 line 1006:1009 a mouse fibroblast-like cell line 977:1009 a mouse fibroblast-like cell line 977:1009 Also, in vitro cell culture studies evidenced that sponges are not cytotoxic for a mouse fibroblast-like cell line. 25129743 4 50 theme aqueous 481:487 arg1 media 489:493 aqueous media 481:493 aqueous media 481:493 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 25129743 9 51 theme AV-based 1033:1040 arg1 sponges 1042:1048 developed AV-based sponges 1023:1048 developed AV-based sponges 1023:1048 Therefore, developed AV-based sponges have potential use in biomedical applications. 25129743 2 52 from rich 256:259 arg1 polysaccharides 297:311 polysaccharides 297:311 polysaccharides 297:311 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 2 52 from rich 256:259 arg1 nutrients 283:291 nutrients 283:291 nutrients 283:291 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 2 52 from rich 256:259 arg1 compounds 272:280 several compounds 264:280 several compounds 264:280 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 1 53 theme biomedical 200:209 arg1 applications 211:222 cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 174:222 cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications 174:222 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 2 54 theme gel 228:230 arg1 present 232:238 AV gel present 225:238 AV gel present in AV 225:244 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 2 55 dep leaves 246:251 arg1 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 rich 256:259 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 3 56 theme complex 346:352 arg1 structure 354:362 AV gel complex structure 339:362 AV gel complex structure 339:362 This work proposes using AV gel complex structure and chemical composition, associated with freeze-drying, to produce sponges. 25129743 6 57 with coating 667:673 arg1 layer 685:689 a GG layer 680:689 a GG layer onto AV 680:697 The coating with a GG layer onto AV influenced the stability, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the resulting sponges. 25129743 2 58 theme AV 225:226 arg1 present 232:238 AV gel present 225:238 AV gel present in AV 225:244 AV gel present in AV leaves is rich in several compounds, nutrients and polysaccharides. 25129743 1 59 theme tropical 128:135 arg1 plant 137:141 a tropical plant 126:141 a tropical plant 126:141 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 1 59 theme tropical 128:135 arg1 vera 115:118 Aloe vera 110:118 Aloe vera (AV) 110:123 Chemical composition and biological properties of Aloe vera (AV), a tropical plant, explain its potential use for cosmetic, nutritional and biomedical applications. 25129743 4 60 theme AV 548:549 arg1 gel 551:553 AV gel 548:553 AV gel 548:553 To increase the structures stability in aqueous media, a thin coating of gellan gum (GG), was applied onto AV gel. 26988403 13 0 from implants 2072:2079 arg1 9 2035:2035 9 2035:2035 9 2035:2035 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 9 1 theme Fluorochrome 1171:1182 arg1 labels 1189:1194 Fluorochrome bone labels 1171:1194 Fluorochrome bone labels 1171:1194 Fluorochrome bone labels, calcein green and alizarin red S were given intravenously after 9 and 12 days, respectively. 26988403 3 2 theme wall-derived 501:512 arg1 polysaccharides 514:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 3 2 theme wall-derived 501:512 arg1 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 1 3 theme surrounding 248:258 arg1 tissues 260:266 the surrounding tissues 244:266 the surrounding tissues 244:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 11 4 theme surface 1513:1519 arg1 composition 1530:1540 the surface chemical composition 1509:1540 the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness 1509:1567 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 3 5 theme cell 496:499 arg1 polysaccharides 514:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 3 5 theme cell 496:499 arg1 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 4 6 theme nanocoating 640:650 arg1 implants 661:668 nanocoating titanium implants 640:668 nanocoating titanium implants 640:668 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 13 7 theme fluorochromes 1921:1933 arg1 analyses 1905:1912 the qualitative analyses 1889:1912 the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes 1889:1933 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 6 8 theme surface 898:904 arg1 properties 906:915 Chemical and physical surface properties 876:915 Chemical and physical surface properties 876:915 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 12 9 theme RG-I 1734:1737 arg1 modifications 1710:1722 The different modifications 1696:1722 The different modifications of pectin RG-I 1696:1737 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 4 10 link wall-derived 686:697 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 699:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 4 11 theme implants 661:668 arg1 effect 630:635 the effect 626:635 the effect of nanocoating titanium implants 626:668 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 13 12 theme nanocoated 2061:2070 arg1 implants 2072:2079 the RG-I nanocoated implants 2052:2079 the RG-I nanocoated implants 2052:2079 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 6 13 theme left 989:992 arg1 tibia 1004:1008 the left and right tibia 985:1008 the left and right tibia of rabbits 985:1019 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 14 14 theme rabbit 2351:2356 arg1 bone 2364:2367 rabbit tibia bone 2351:2367 rabbit tibia bone 2351:2367 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 3 15 with Nanocoating 464:474 arg1 polysaccharides 514:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 3 15 with Nanocoating 464:474 arg1 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 7 16 theme titanium 1031:1038 arg1 controls 1087:1094 controls 1087:1094 controls (n = 32) 1087:1103 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 7 16 theme titanium 1031:1038 arg1 implants 1040:1047 Machined titanium implants 1022:1047 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating 1022:1072 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 4 17 dep was 610:612 arg1 AIM 585:587 AIM 585:587 AIM 585:587 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 6 18 theme implants 962:969 arg1 insertion 938:946 insertion 938:946 insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits 938:1019 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 4 19 theme bone 724:727 arg1 healing 729:735 bone healing 724:735 bone healing 724:735 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 7 20 theme RG-I 1057:1060 arg1 nanocoating 1062:1072 RG-I nanocoating 1057:1072 RG-I nanocoating 1057:1072 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 1 21 theme osseointegration 131:146 arg1 determinant 105:115 A major determinant 97:115 A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants 97:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 1 21 theme osseointegration 131:146 arg1 surface 178:184 the surface 174:184 the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues 174:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 12 22 theme pectin 1727:1732 arg1 RG-I 1734:1737 pectin RG-I 1727:1737 pectin RG-I 1727:1737 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 4 23 theme plant 675:679 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 699:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 0 24 theme experimental 53:64 arg1 study 66:70 an experimental study 50:70 an experimental study in rabbits 50:81 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces - an experimental study in rabbits. 26988403 1 25 theme endosseous 151:160 arg1 implants 162:169 endosseous implants 151:169 endosseous implants 151:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 4 26 theme wall-derived 686:697 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 699:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 5 27 theme Machined 780:787 arg1 implants 798:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants were coated with three modifications of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 13 28 theme bone 1966:1969 arg1 formation 1971:1979 bone formation 1966:1979 bone formation 1966:1979 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 14 29 theme bone 2302:2305 arg1 healing 2307:2313 bone healing 2302:2313 bone healing 2302:2313 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 6 30 theme right 998:1002 arg1 tibia 1004:1008 the left and right tibia 985:1008 the left and right tibia of rabbits 985:1019 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 10 31 theme histomorphometric 1446:1462 arg1 methods 1464:1470 histomorphometric methods 1446:1470 histomorphometric methods 1446:1470 The bone response to the nanocoated implants was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing using light microscopy and histomorphometric methods. 26988403 0 32 theme surfaces 39:46 arg1 nanocoating 7:17 Pectin nanocoating 0:17 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces 0:46 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces - an experimental study in rabbits. 26988403 0 33 theme Pectin 0:5 arg1 nanocoating 7:17 Pectin nanocoating 0:17 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces 0:46 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces - an experimental study in rabbits. 26988403 2 34 theme cells 434:438 arg1 adhesion 398:405 adhesion 398:405 adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells 398:438 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 13 35 theme formation 1971:1979 arg1 activity 1954:1961 a higher activity 1945:1961 a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front 1945:2007 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 14 36 theme pectin 2259:2264 arg1 RG-Is 2266:2270 pectin RG-Is 2259:2270 pectin RG-Is 2259:2270 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 12 37 theme healing 1842:1848 arg1 2 1818:1818 2 1818:1818 2 1818:1818 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 12 37 theme healing 1842:1848 arg1 healing 1842:1848 healing 1842:1848 healing 1842:1848 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 6 38 theme physical 889:896 arg1 properties 906:915 Chemical and physical surface properties 876:915 Chemical and physical surface properties 876:915 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 1 39 theme major 99:103 arg1 determinant 105:115 A major determinant 97:115 A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants 97:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 1 39 theme major 99:103 arg1 surface 178:184 the surface 174:184 the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues 174:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 11 40 from effect 1624:1629 arg1 roughness 1648:1656 surface micro roughness 1634:1656 surface micro roughness 1634:1656 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 14 41 theme implants 2245:2252 arg1 nanocoating 2221:2231 nanocoating 2221:2231 nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is 2221:2270 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 2 42 theme proteins 415:422 arg1 adhesion 398:405 adhesion 398:405 adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells 398:438 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 0 43 theme implant 31:37 arg1 surfaces 39:46 titanium implant surfaces 22:46 titanium implant surfaces 22:46 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces - an experimental study in rabbits. 26988403 6 44 theme Chemical 876:883 arg1 properties 906:915 Chemical and physical surface properties 876:915 Chemical and physical surface properties 876:915 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 14 45 dep CONCLUSION 2180:2189 arg1 showed 2209:2214 showed 2209:2214 showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone 2209:2367 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 11 46 dep composition 1530:1540 arg1 roughness 1559:1567 roughness 1559:1567 roughness 1559:1567 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 11 46 dep composition 1530:1540 arg1 wettability 1543:1553 wettability 1543:1553 wettability 1543:1553 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 14 47 theme titanium 2236:2243 arg1 implants 2245:2252 titanium implants 2236:2252 titanium implants 2236:2252 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 11 48 theme major 1618:1622 arg1 effect 1624:1629 any major effect 1614:1629 any major effect on surface micro roughness 1614:1656 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 6 49 theme nanocoated 951:960 arg1 n = 96 972:977 n = 96 972:977 n = 96 972:977 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 6 49 theme nanocoated 951:960 arg1 implants 962:969 nanocoated implants 951:969 nanocoated implants (n = 96) 951:978 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 4 50 theme study 604:608 arg1 aim 593:595 The aim 589:595 The aim of the study 589:608 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 11 51 theme micro 1642:1646 arg1 roughness 1648:1656 surface micro roughness 1634:1656 surface micro roughness 1634:1656 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 2 52 theme surface 359:365 arg1 nanocoatings 367:378 surface nanocoatings 359:378 surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface 359:461 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 12 53 theme bone 1769:1772 arg1 healing 1774:1780 bone healing 1769:1780 bone healing 1769:1780 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 9 54 theme bone 1184:1187 arg1 labels 1189:1194 Fluorochrome bone labels 1171:1194 Fluorochrome bone labels 1171:1194 Fluorochrome bone labels, calcein green and alizarin red S were given intravenously after 9 and 12 days, respectively. 26988403 1 55 theme tissues 260:266 arg1 response 232:239 the cellular response 219:239 the cellular response of the surrounding tissues 219:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 13 56 from activity 1954:1961 arg1 front 2003:2007 the mineralization front 1984:2007 the mineralization front 1984:2007 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 14 57 theme present 2195:2201 arg1 study 2203:2207 The present study 2191:2207 The present study 2191:2207 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 11 58 theme control 1670:1676 arg1 surfaces 1686:1693 control implant surfaces 1670:1693 control implant surfaces 1670:1693 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 11 59 theme chemical 1521:1528 arg1 composition 1530:1540 the surface chemical composition 1509:1540 the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness 1509:1567 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 2 60 theme new 271:273 arg1 strategy 275:282 A new strategy 269:282 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing 269:327 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 2 60 theme new 271:273 arg1 stimulation 344:354 biochemical stimulation 332:354 biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface 332:461 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 8 61 theme rabbits 1162:1168 arg1 tibias 1149:1154 tibias 1149:1154 tibias of 16 rabbits 1149:1168 Total number of 128 implants was placed in tibias of 16 rabbits. 26988403 2 62 dep strategy 275:282 arg1 improve 287:293 improve 287:293 to improve osseointegration and bone healing 284:327 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 2 63 theme bone 316:319 arg1 healing 321:327 bone healing 316:327 bone healing 316:327 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 7 64 used used 1079:1082 arg2 implants 1040:1047 Machined titanium implants 1022:1047 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating 1022:1072 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 7 64 used used 1079:1082 arg2 controls 1087:1094 controls 1087:1094 controls (n = 32) 1087:1103 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 4 65 theme titanium 652:659 arg1 implants 661:668 nanocoating titanium implants 640:668 nanocoating titanium implants 640:668 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 13 66 theme higher 1947:1952 arg1 activity 1954:1961 a higher activity 1945:1961 a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front 1945:2007 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 1 67 theme implant 193:199 arg1 determinant 105:115 A major determinant 97:115 A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants 97:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 1 67 theme implant 193:199 arg1 surface 178:184 the surface 174:184 the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues 174:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 3 68 link wall-derived 501:512 arg1 polysaccharides 514:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 3 68 link wall-derived 501:512 arg1 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 4 69 theme cell 681:684 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 699:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I 675:718 AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanocoating titanium implants with plant cell wall-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I, on bone healing and osseointegration. 26988403 2 70 theme biochemical 332:342 arg1 strategy 275:282 A new strategy 269:282 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing 269:327 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 2 70 theme biochemical 332:342 arg1 stimulation 344:354 biochemical stimulation 332:354 biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface 332:461 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 13 71 theme control 2097:2103 arg1 implants 2105:2112 the control implants 2093:2112 the control implants 2093:2112 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 0 72 from study 66:70 arg1 rabbits 75:81 rabbits 75:81 rabbits 75:81 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces - an experimental study in rabbits. 26988403 8 73 theme implants 1126:1133 arg1 number 1112:1117 Total number 1106:1117 Total number of 128 implants 1106:1133 Total number of 128 implants was placed in tibias of 16 rabbits. 26988403 13 74 theme significant 2126:2136 arg1 difference 2151:2160 no significant quantitative difference 2123:2160 no significant quantitative difference 2123:2160 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 13 75 theme qualitative 1893:1903 arg1 analyses 1905:1912 the qualitative analyses 1889:1912 the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes 1889:1933 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 14 76 theme tibia 2358:2362 arg1 bone 2364:2367 rabbit tibia bone 2351:2367 rabbit tibia bone 2351:2367 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 7 77 theme Machined 1022:1029 arg1 controls 1087:1094 controls 1087:1094 controls (n = 32) 1087:1103 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 7 77 theme Machined 1022:1029 arg1 implants 1040:1047 Machined titanium implants 1022:1047 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating 1022:1072 Machined titanium implants without RG-I nanocoating were used as controls (n = 32). 26988403 1 78 theme successful 120:129 arg1 osseointegration 131:146 successful osseointegration 120:146 successful osseointegration of endosseous implants 120:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 12 79 theme different 1700:1708 arg1 modifications 1710:1722 The different modifications 1696:1722 The different modifications of pectin RG-I 1696:1737 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 5 80 theme MATERIAL 759:766 arg1 implants 798:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants were coated with three modifications of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 5 81 theme rhamnogalacturonan-I 847:866 arg1 modifications 830:842 three modifications 824:842 three modifications of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) 824:873 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants were coated with three modifications of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 5 82 theme METHODS 772:778 arg1 implants 798:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants were coated with three modifications of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 13 83 theme early 2016:2020 arg1 stage 2022:2026 the early stage 2012:2026 the early stage 2012:2026 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 1 84 theme implants 162:169 arg1 osseointegration 131:146 successful osseointegration 120:146 successful osseointegration of endosseous implants 120:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 6 85 theme rabbits 1013:1019 arg1 tibia 1004:1008 the left and right tibia 985:1008 the left and right tibia of rabbits 985:1019 Chemical and physical surface properties were examined before insertion of nanocoated implants (n = 96) into the left and right tibia of rabbits. 26988403 10 86 theme healing 1411:1417 arg1 healing 1411:1417 healing 1411:1417 healing 1411:1417 The bone response to the nanocoated implants was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing using light microscopy and histomorphometric methods. 26988403 10 86 theme healing 1411:1417 arg1 2 1387:1387 2 1387:1387 2 1387:1387 The bone response to the nanocoated implants was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing using light microscopy and histomorphometric methods. 26988403 1 87 dep INTRODUCTION 84:95 arg1 determinant 105:115 A major determinant 97:115 A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants 97:169 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 1 87 dep INTRODUCTION 84:95 arg1 surface 178:184 the surface 174:184 the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues 174:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 11 88 theme RG-I 1485:1488 arg1 coating 1490:1496 The RG-I coating 1481:1496 The RG-I coating 1481:1496 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 13 89 theme RG-I 2056:2059 arg1 implants 2072:2079 the RG-I nanocoated implants 2052:2079 the RG-I nanocoated implants 2052:2079 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 9 90 dep green 1205:1209 arg1 S 1228:1228 S 1228:1228 S 1228:1228 Fluorochrome bone labels, calcein green and alizarin red S were given intravenously after 9 and 12 days, respectively. 26988403 11 91 dep RESULTS 1473:1479 arg1 influenced 1498:1507 influenced 1498:1507 influenced 1498:1507 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 10 92 theme light 1425:1429 arg1 microscopy 1431:1440 light microscopy 1425:1440 light microscopy 1425:1440 The bone response to the nanocoated implants was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing using light microscopy and histomorphometric methods. 26988403 0 93 theme titanium 22:29 arg1 surfaces 39:46 titanium implant surfaces 22:46 titanium implant surfaces 22:46 Pectin nanocoating of titanium implant surfaces - an experimental study in rabbits. 26988403 2 94 theme bone 429:432 arg1 cells 434:438 bone cells 429:438 bone cells 429:438 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 10 95 theme bone 1294:1297 arg1 response 1299:1306 The bone response 1290:1306 The bone response to the nanocoated implants 1290:1333 The bone response to the nanocoated implants was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing using light microscopy and histomorphometric methods. 26988403 5 96 theme titanium 789:796 arg1 implants 798:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants 759:805 MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined titanium implants were coated with three modifications of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 12 97 theme control 1862:1868 arg1 implants 1870:1877 control implants 1862:1877 control implants 1862:1877 The different modifications of pectin RG-I did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing compared to control implants. 26988403 11 98 theme implant 1678:1684 arg1 surfaces 1686:1693 control implant surfaces 1670:1693 control implant surfaces 1670:1693 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 2 99 theme bone 410:413 arg1 proteins 415:422 bone proteins 410:422 bone proteins 410:422 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 2 100 theme implant 447:453 arg1 surface 455:461 the implant surface 443:461 the implant surface 443:461 A new strategy to improve osseointegration and bone healing is biochemical stimulation by surface nanocoatings that may increase adhesion of bone proteins, and bone cells at the implant surface. 26988403 10 101 theme nanocoated 1315:1324 arg1 implants 1326:1333 the nanocoated implants 1311:1333 the nanocoated implants 1311:1333 The bone response to the nanocoated implants was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of healing using light microscopy and histomorphometric methods. 26988403 3 102 theme plant 490:494 arg1 polysaccharides 514:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides 490:528 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 3 102 theme plant 490:494 arg1 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 pectins 481:487 Nanocoating with pectins, plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides, is frequently done using rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). 26988403 8 103 theme Total 1106:1110 arg1 number 1112:1117 Total number 1106:1117 Total number of 128 implants 1106:1133 Total number of 128 implants was placed in tibias of 16 rabbits. 26988403 13 104 theme mineralization 1988:2001 arg1 front 2003:2007 the mineralization front 1984:2007 the mineralization front 1984:2007 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 14 105 with nanocoating 2221:2231 arg1 RG-Is 2266:2270 pectin RG-Is 2259:2270 pectin RG-Is 2259:2270 CONCLUSION The present study showed that nanocoating of titanium implants with pectin RG-Is did not significantly enhance bone healing and osseointegration when placed in rabbit tibia bone. 26988403 1 106 theme cellular 223:230 arg1 response 232:239 the cellular response 219:239 the cellular response of the surrounding tissues 219:266 INTRODUCTION A major determinant of successful osseointegration of endosseous implants is the surface of the implant, which influences the cellular response of the surrounding tissues. 26988403 13 107 theme quantitative 2138:2149 arg1 difference 2151:2160 no significant quantitative difference 2123:2160 no significant quantitative difference 2123:2160 Although the qualitative analyses of the fluorochromes indicated a higher activity of bone formation in the mineralization front at the early stage, after 9 and 12 days at the RG-I nanocoated implants compared to the control implants although no significant quantitative difference was demonstrated. 26988403 11 108 theme surface 1634:1640 arg1 roughness 1648:1656 surface micro roughness 1634:1656 surface micro roughness 1634:1656 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 26988403 11 109 theme hydrophilic 1594:1604 arg1 surface 1581:1587 the surface 1577:1587 the surface more hydrophilic 1577:1604 RESULTS The RG-I coating influenced the surface chemical composition; wettability and roughness, making the surface more hydrophilic without any major effect on surface micro roughness compared to control implant surfaces. 29036932 0 0 theme Hydrogen 108:115 arg1 Peroxide 117:124 a Hydrogen Peroxide 106:124 a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor 106:134 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 5 1 from immobilization 849:862 arg1 nanofibers 905:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 4 2 from effects 560:566 arg1 response 677:684 the current response 665:684 the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 665:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 3 3 from average 455:461 arg1 diameter 475:482 diameter 475:482 diameter 475:482 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 5 4 theme high 976:979 arg1 response 939:946 fast response 934:946 fast response 934:946 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 4 theme high 976:979 arg1 stability 981:989 high stability 976:989 high stability 976:989 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 7 5 theme enzyme-based 1547:1558 arg1 biosensors 1560:1569 other enzyme-based biosensors 1541:1569 other enzyme-based biosensors 1541:1569 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 1 6 theme hydrogen 292:299 arg1 peroxide 301:308 hydrogen peroxide 292:308 hydrogen peroxide 292:308 A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. 29036932 3 7 from nm 469:470 arg1 diameter 475:482 diameter 475:482 diameter 475:482 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 4 8 theme hydrogen 730:737 arg1 peroxide 739:746 hydrogen peroxide 730:746 hydrogen peroxide 730:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 5 9 theme linear 1005:1010 arg1 response 1012:1019 a linear response 1003:1019 a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1003:1086 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 6 10 from level 1381:1385 arg1 differences 1344:1354 significant differences 1332:1354 significant differences at the 0.05 significance level 1332:1385 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 5 11 theme hydrogen 1024:1031 arg1 peroxide 1033:1040 hydrogen peroxide 1024:1040 hydrogen peroxide 1024:1040 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 3 12 theme biopolymers 428:438 arg1 nanofibers 440:449 biopolymers nanofibers 428:449 biopolymers nanofibers 428:449 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 3 12 theme biopolymers 428:438 arg1 average 455:461 an average 452:461 an average of 80 nm in diameter 452:482 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 5 13 theme chitosan-gelatin 867:882 arg1 nanofibers 905:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 6 14 theme significant 1332:1342 arg1 differences 1344:1354 significant differences 1332:1354 significant differences at the 0.05 significance level 1332:1385 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 6 15 theme samples 1237:1243 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 analysis 1212:1219 analysis of disinfectant samples 1212:1243 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 3 16 theme synthesis 406:414 arg1 parameters 416:425 synthesis parameters 406:425 synthesis parameters 406:425 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 7 17 theme biosensors 1560:1569 arg1 development 1526:1536 the development 1522:1536 the development of other enzyme-based biosensors 1522:1569 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 6 18 theme disinfectant 1224:1235 arg1 samples 1237:1243 disinfectant samples 1224:1243 disinfectant samples 1224:1243 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 5 19 dep 1.7 1081:1083 arg1 to 1078:1079 to 1078:1079 to 1078:1079 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 20 theme fast 934:937 arg1 response 939:946 fast response 934:946 fast response 934:946 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 20 theme fast 934:937 arg1 reproducibility 959:973 excellent reproducibility 949:973 excellent reproducibility 949:973 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 20 theme fast 934:937 arg1 stability 981:989 high stability 976:989 high stability 976:989 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 3 21 theme parameters 416:425 arg1 optimization 390:401 optimization 390:401 optimization of synthesis parameters 390:425 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 4 22 theme concentration 608:620 arg1 effects 560:566 The effects 556:566 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 556:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 2 23 theme biopolymer 315:324 arg1 nanofibers 326:335 The biopolymer nanofibers 311:335 The biopolymer nanofibers 311:335 The biopolymer nanofibers were fabricated by an electrospining technique. 29036932 7 24 theme other 1541:1545 arg1 biosensors 1560:1569 other enzyme-based biosensors 1541:1569 other enzyme-based biosensors 1541:1569 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 5 25 theme response 939:946 arg1 advantages 920:929 advantages 920:929 advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, 920:990 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 0 26 theme Chitosan-Gelatin 12:27 arg1 Nanofibers 50:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers 0:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 0:135 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 0 27 from Nanofibers 50:59 arg1 Biosensor 126:134 a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor 106:134 a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor 106:134 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 6 28 theme titration 1307:1315 arg1 method 1317:1322 the titration method 1303:1322 the titration method 1303:1322 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 4 29 theme maximal 777:783 arg1 response 793:800 the maximal current response 773:800 the maximal current response 773:800 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 30 theme nanofibers-modified 693:711 arg1 electrode 713:721 the nanofibers-modified electrode 689:721 the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 689:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 0 31 theme Electrospun 0:10 arg1 Nanofibers 50:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers 0:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 0:135 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 5 32 contain had 916:918 arg1 immobilization 849:862 horseradish peroxidase immobilization 826:862 horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 826:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 32 contain had 916:918 arg2 advantages 920:929 advantages 920:929 advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, 920:990 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 2 33 theme electrospining 359:372 arg1 technique 374:382 an electrospining technique 356:382 an electrospining technique 356:382 The biopolymer nanofibers were fabricated by an electrospining technique. 29036932 5 34 theme excellent 949:957 arg1 response 939:946 fast response 934:946 fast response 934:946 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 34 theme excellent 949:957 arg1 reproducibility 959:973 excellent reproducibility 949:973 excellent reproducibility 949:973 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 0 35 theme Composite 40:48 arg1 Nanofibers 50:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers 0:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 0:135 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 4 36 theme enzyme 592:597 arg1 concentration 575:587 the concentration 571:587 the concentration of enzyme 571:597 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 36 theme enzyme 592:597 arg1 potential 652:660 the working potential 640:660 the working potential 640:660 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 36 theme enzyme 592:597 arg1 pH 600:601 pH 600:601 pH 600:601 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 36 theme enzyme 592:597 arg1 concentration 608:620 concentration 608:620 concentration 608:620 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 7 37 theme proposed 1392:1399 arg1 strategy 1401:1408 The proposed strategy 1388:1408 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes 1388:1500 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 0 38 theme Biopolymer 29:38 arg1 Nanofibers 50:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers 0:59 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 0:135 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 5 39 theme mM 1119:1120 arg1 limit 1105:1109 a detection limit 1093:1109 a detection limit of 0.05 mM 1093:1120 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 4 40 theme current 785:791 arg1 response 793:800 the maximal current response 773:800 the maximal current response 773:800 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 41 theme potential 652:660 arg1 effects 560:566 The effects 556:566 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 556:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 3 42 theme nm 469:470 arg1 nanofibers 440:449 biopolymers nanofibers 428:449 biopolymers nanofibers 428:449 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 3 42 theme nm 469:470 arg1 average 455:461 an average 452:461 an average of 80 nm in diameter 452:482 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 4 43 theme pH 600:601 arg1 effects 560:566 The effects 556:566 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 556:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 6 44 theme developed 1177:1185 arg1 system 1187:1192 The developed system 1173:1192 The developed system 1173:1192 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 5 45 from mM 1085:1086 arg1 range 1063:1067 the concentration range 1045:1067 the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1045:1086 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 45 from mM 1085:1086 arg1 response 1012:1019 a linear response 1003:1019 a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1003:1086 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 4 46 theme current 669:675 arg1 response 677:684 the current response 665:684 the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 665:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 5 47 theme horseradish 826:836 arg1 immobilization 849:862 horseradish peroxidase immobilization 826:862 horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 826:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 48 theme composite 884:892 arg1 nanofibers 905:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 6 49 theme 0.05 1363:1366 arg1 significance 1368:1379 significance 1368:1379 significance 1368:1379 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 0 50 theme Peroxidase 77:86 arg1 Immobilization 88:101 Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization 65:101 Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization 65:101 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 5 51 theme high 1136:1139 arg1 sensitivity 1141:1151 high sensitivity 1136:1151 high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2 1136:1170 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 3 52 theme working 529:535 arg1 surface 547:553 the working electrode surface 525:553 the working electrode surface 525:553 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 0 53 theme Horseradish 65:75 arg1 Peroxidase 77:86 Horseradish Peroxidase 65:86 Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization 65:101 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29036932 5 54 theme µA∙mM-1∙cm-2 1159:1170 arg1 sensitivity 1141:1151 high sensitivity 1136:1151 high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2 1136:1170 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 55 theme detection 1095:1103 arg1 limit 1105:1109 a detection limit 1093:1109 a detection limit of 0.05 mM 1093:1120 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 7 56 theme enzymes 1494:1500 arg1 immobilization 1476:1489 the immobilization 1472:1489 the immobilization of enzymes 1472:1500 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 3 57 theme electrode 537:545 arg1 surface 547:553 the working electrode surface 525:553 the working electrode surface 525:553 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 4 58 theme concentration 575:587 arg1 effects 560:566 The effects 556:566 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 556:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 6 59 theme significance 1368:1379 arg1 level 1381:1385 the 0.05 significance level 1359:1385 the 0.05 significance level 1359:1385 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 7 60 theme composite 1436:1444 arg1 nanofibers 1457:1466 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 1419:1466 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes 1419:1500 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 7 61 theme chitosan-gelatin 1419:1434 arg1 nanofibers 1457:1466 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 1419:1466 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes 1419:1500 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 4 62 theme electrode 713:721 arg1 response 677:684 the current response 665:684 the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide 665:746 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 1 63 theme horseradish 259:269 arg1 peroxidase 271:280 horseradish peroxidase 259:280 horseradish peroxidase 259:280 A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. 29036932 5 64 theme concentration 1049:1061 arg1 range 1063:1067 the concentration range 1045:1067 the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1045:1086 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 7 65 theme biopolymer 1446:1455 arg1 nanofibers 1457:1466 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 1419:1466 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes 1419:1500 The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors. 29036932 3 66 from diameter 475:482 arg1 nanofibers 440:449 biopolymers nanofibers 428:449 biopolymers nanofibers 428:449 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 3 66 from diameter 475:482 arg1 average 455:461 an average 452:461 an average of 80 nm in diameter 452:482 Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. 29036932 1 67 theme chitosan-gelatin 158:173 arg1 nanofibers 197:206 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers 158:206 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers 158:206 A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. 29036932 1 68 theme peroxidase 271:280 arg1 immobilization 241:254 the immobilization 237:254 the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide 237:308 A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. 29036932 6 69 theme good 1256:1259 arg1 agreement 1261:1269 good agreement 1256:1269 good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level 1256:1385 The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. 29036932 1 70 theme composite 175:183 arg1 nanofibers 197:206 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers 158:206 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers 158:206 A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. 29036932 5 71 from response 1012:1019 arg1 mM 1085:1086 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1074:1086 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1074:1086 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 71 from response 1012:1019 arg1 range 1063:1067 the concentration range 1045:1067 the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM 1045:1086 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 4 72 theme working 644:650 arg1 potential 652:660 the working potential 640:660 the working potential 640:660 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 5 73 theme peroxidase 838:847 arg1 immobilization 849:862 horseradish peroxidase immobilization 826:862 horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 826:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 5 74 theme biopolymer 894:903 arg1 nanofibers 905:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers 867:914 The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM-1∙cm-2. 29036932 4 75 theme buffer 629:634 arg1 concentration 575:587 the concentration 571:587 the concentration of enzyme 571:597 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 75 theme buffer 629:634 arg1 potential 652:660 the working potential 640:660 the working potential 640:660 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 75 theme buffer 629:634 arg1 pH 600:601 pH 600:601 pH 600:601 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 4 75 theme buffer 629:634 arg1 concentration 608:620 concentration 608:620 concentration 608:620 The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. 29036932 1 76 theme biopolymers 185:195 arg1 nanofibers 197:206 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers 158:206 chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers 158:206 A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. 29036932 0 77 theme Peroxide 117:124 arg1 Biosensor 126:134 a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor 106:134 a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor 106:134 Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. 29074204 1 0 theme ionic 140:144 arg1 ILs 155:157 ILs 155:157 ILs 155:157 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 1 0 theme ionic 140:144 arg1 liquids 146:152 ionic liquids 140:152 ionic liquids (ILs) 140:158 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 4 1 theme [Cho 586:589 arg1 interaction 571:581 a synergistic interaction 557:581 a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 557:605 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 0 2 from effects 12:18 arg1 pretreatment 58:69 the pretreatment 54:69 the pretreatment of sugarcane 54:82 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 5 3 theme delignification 640:654 arg1 capacity 682:689 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity 636:689 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 636:723 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 1 4 theme liquids 146:152 arg1 cost 132:135 High cost 127:135 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) 127:158 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 5 5 theme % 714:714 arg1 solution 716:723 aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 694:723 aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 694:723 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 2 6 theme economic 269:276 arg1 technology 278:287 a simple and economic technology 256:287 a simple and economic technology for the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose 256:334 In this study, a simple and economic technology for the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose was developed. 29074204 0 7 theme sugarcane 74:82 arg1 pretreatment 58:69 the pretreatment 54:69 the pretreatment of sugarcane 54:82 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 6 8 theme [Orn 845:848 arg1 use 823:825 The combination use 807:825 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] 807:849 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 5 9 theme hemicellulose-removal 660:680 arg1 capacity 682:689 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity 636:689 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 636:723 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 3 10 theme FeCl2 471:475 arg1 capacity 371:378 The delignification capacity 351:378 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 351:475 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 0 11 theme enhanced 96:103 arg1 hydrolysis 115:124 enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 96:124 enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 96:124 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 7 12 theme metal 946:950 arg1 salts 952:956 metal salts 946:956 metal salts 946:956 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency was proved. 29074204 3 13 theme metal 460:464 arg1 FeCl2 471:475 metal salt FeCl2 460:475 metal salt FeCl2 460:475 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 2 14 theme simple 258:263 arg1 technology 278:287 a simple and economic technology 256:287 a simple and economic technology for the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose 256:334 In this study, a simple and economic technology for the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose was developed. 29074204 5 15 theme FeCl2 771:775 arg1 presence 759:766 the presence 755:766 the presence of FeCl2 755:775 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 6 16 theme [Cho 840:843 arg1 use 823:825 The combination use 807:825 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] 807:849 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 6 17 from pretreatment 902:913 arg1 half 918:921 half 918:921 half 918:921 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 0 18 theme Synergistic 0:10 arg1 effects 12:18 Synergistic effects 0:18 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane 0:82 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 7 19 theme salts 952:956 arg1 effect 936:941 Enhancement effect 924:941 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency 924:990 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency was proved. 29074204 3 20 theme aqueous 383:389 arg1 [Cho 410:413 aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity 383:455 [Cho 410:413 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 7 21 theme IL-pretreatment 965:979 arg1 efficiency 981:990 the IL-pretreatment efficiency 961:990 the IL-pretreatment efficiency 961:990 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency was proved. 29074204 3 22 theme [Orn 415:418 arg1 [Cho 410:413 aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity 383:455 [Cho 410:413 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 3 23 theme choline 391:397 arg1 [Cho 410:413 aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity 383:455 [Cho 410:413 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 0 24 theme metal 23:27 arg1 salt 29:32 metal salt 23:32 metal salt 23:32 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 4 25 theme pretreatment 614:625 arg1 process 627:633 the pretreatment process 610:633 the pretreatment process 610:633 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 6 26 theme IL 890:891 arg1 IL 890:891 IL 890:891 IL 890:891 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 6 26 theme IL 890:891 arg1 amount 880:885 the amount 876:885 the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half 876:921 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 0 27 theme enzymatic 105:113 arg1 hydrolysis 115:124 enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 96:124 enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 96:124 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 6 28 theme FeCl2 830:834 arg1 use 823:825 The combination use 807:825 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] 807:849 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 1 29 theme industrial 174:183 arg1 application 185:195 the industrial application 170:195 the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment 170:238 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 3 30 theme [Cho 410:413 arg1 capacity 371:378 The delignification capacity 351:378 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 351:475 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 4 31 theme synergistic 559:569 arg1 interaction 571:581 a synergistic interaction 557:581 a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 557:605 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 7 32 from effect 936:941 arg1 efficiency 981:990 the IL-pretreatment efficiency 961:990 the IL-pretreatment efficiency 961:990 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency was proved. 29074204 3 33 theme hemicellulose-removal 426:446 arg1 capacity 448:455 aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity 383:455 capacity 448:455 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 0 34 theme salt 29:32 arg1 effects 12:18 Synergistic effects 0:18 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane 0:82 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 4 35 theme structure 521:529 arg1 changes 496:502 The changes 492:502 The changes of morphological structure and composition 492:545 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 5 36 theme 50 712:713 arg1 % 714:714 % 714:714 % 714:714 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 5 37 theme solution 716:723 arg1 capacity 682:689 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity 636:689 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 636:723 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 3 38 theme capacity 448:455 arg1 capacity 371:378 The delignification capacity 351:378 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 351:475 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 0 39 theme liquid 44:49 arg1 effects 12:18 Synergistic effects 0:18 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane 0:82 Synergistic effects of metal salt and ionic liquid on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. 29074204 4 40 theme morphological 507:519 arg1 structure 521:529 morphological structure 507:529 morphological structure 507:529 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 6 41 theme combination 811:821 arg1 use 823:825 The combination use 807:825 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] 807:849 The combination use of FeCl2 and [Cho][Orn] made it possible to save the amount of IL used for pretreatment in half. 29074204 5 42 dep % 714:714 arg1 [Orn 707:710 [Orn 707:710 [Orn 707:710 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 5 42 dep % 714:714 arg1 [Cho 702:705 [Cho 702:705 [Cho 702:705 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 4 43 theme composition 535:545 arg1 changes 496:502 The changes 492:502 The changes of morphological structure and composition 492:545 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 3 44 theme salt 466:469 arg1 FeCl2 471:475 metal salt FeCl2 460:475 metal salt FeCl2 460:475 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 7 45 theme Enhancement 924:934 arg1 effect 936:941 Enhancement effect 924:941 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency 924:990 Enhancement effect of metal salts on the IL-pretreatment efficiency was proved. 29074204 2 46 theme lignocellulose 321:334 arg1 pretreatment 297:308 the pretreatment 293:308 the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose 293:334 In this study, a simple and economic technology for the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose was developed. 29074204 5 47 theme aqueous 694:700 arg1 solution 716:723 aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 694:723 aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution 694:723 The delignification and hemicellulose-removal capacity of aqueous [Cho][Orn]50% solution was significantly improved in the presence of FeCl2 by 28% and 53%, respectively. 29074204 2 48 theme natural 313:319 arg1 lignocellulose 321:334 natural lignocellulose 313:334 natural lignocellulose 313:334 In this study, a simple and economic technology for the pretreatment of natural lignocellulose was developed. 29074204 1 49 theme IL-mediated 200:210 arg1 pretreatment 227:238 IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment 200:238 IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment 200:238 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 1 50 theme High 127:130 arg1 cost 132:135 High cost 127:135 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) 127:158 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 1 51 theme lignocellulose 212:225 arg1 pretreatment 227:238 IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment 200:238 IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment 200:238 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 1 52 theme pretreatment 227:238 arg1 application 185:195 the industrial application 170:195 the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment 170:238 High cost of ionic liquids (ILs) restricts the industrial application of IL-mediated lignocellulose pretreatment. 29074204 3 53 theme ornithine 399:407 arg1 [Cho 410:413 aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity 383:455 [Cho 410:413 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29074204 4 54 theme FeCl2 601:605 arg1 interaction 571:581 a synergistic interaction 557:581 a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 557:605 The changes of morphological structure and composition indicated a synergistic interaction of [Cho][Orn] and FeCl2 in the pretreatment process. 29074204 3 55 theme delignification 355:369 arg1 capacity 371:378 The delignification capacity 351:378 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 351:475 The delignification capacity of aqueous choline ornithine ([Cho][Orn]) and hemicellulose-removal capacity of metal salt FeCl2 were combined. 29199127 3 0 theme composite 525:533 arg1 microspheres 535:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres were used for enzyme immobilization through adsorption. 29199127 2 1 from ink-bottle-shape 357:372 arg1 wedge-shape 340:350 wedge-shape 340:350 wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres 340:399 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 5 2 theme loading 725:731 arg1 capacity 733:740 The loading capacity 721:740 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres 721:782 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres was up to 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier). 29199127 5 2 theme loading 725:731 arg1 79.0mg/g 794:801 79.0mg/g 794:801 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier) 794:818 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres was up to 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier). 29199127 4 3 theme model 661:665 arg1 dehydrogenase 622:634 yeast alcohol dehydrogenase 608:634 yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) 608:641 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 3 theme model 661:665 arg1 multimer 686:693 a multimer 684:693 a multimer consisting of 4 subunits 684:718 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 3 theme model 661:665 arg1 enzyme 667:672 the model enzyme 657:672 the model enzyme 657:672 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 3 4 theme enzyme 562:567 arg1 immobilization 569:582 enzyme immobilization 562:582 enzyme immobilization through adsorption 562:601 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres were used for enzyme immobilization through adsorption. 29199127 6 5 theme catalytic 867:875 arg1 activity 877:884 a comparable catalytic activity 854:884 a comparable catalytic activity 854:884 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 1 6 theme chitin 192:197 arg1 solution 199:206 chitin solution 192:206 chitin solution followed by self-assembly via thermally-induced phase separation 192:271 In this study, all-natural composite microspheres were fabricated through adding shellac into chitin solution followed by self-assembly via thermally-induced phase separation. 29199127 6 7 theme initial 947:953 arg1 activity 955:962 its initial activity 943:962 its initial activity 943:962 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 6 8 theme comparable 856:865 arg1 activity 877:884 a comparable catalytic activity 854:884 a comparable catalytic activity 854:884 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 2 9 theme microspheres 310:321 arg1 structure 283:291 The pore structure 274:291 The pore structure of the composite microspheres 274:321 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 3 10 theme as-fabricated 496:508 arg1 microspheres 535:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres were used for enzyme immobilization through adsorption. 29199127 6 11 theme activity 955:962 arg1 activity 955:962 its initial activity 943:962 its initial activity 943:962 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 6 11 theme activity 955:962 arg1 % 938:938 49.3% 934:938 49.3% of its initial activity 934:962 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 0 12 theme One-pot 0:6 arg1 fabrication 8:18 One-pot fabrication 0:18 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 0:96 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 29199127 0 13 theme chitin-shellac 23:36 arg1 microspheres 48:59 chitin-shellac composite microspheres 23:59 chitin-shellac composite microspheres 23:59 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 29199127 5 14 theme composite 761:769 arg1 microspheres 771:782 the as-prepared composite microspheres 745:782 the as-prepared composite microspheres 745:782 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres was up to 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier). 29199127 5 15 theme microspheres 771:782 arg1 capacity 733:740 The loading capacity 721:740 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres 721:782 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres was up to 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier). 29199127 5 15 theme microspheres 771:782 arg1 79.0mg/g 794:801 79.0mg/g 794:801 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier) 794:818 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres was up to 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier). 29199127 1 16 theme all-natural 113:123 arg1 microspheres 135:146 all-natural composite microspheres 113:146 all-natural composite microspheres 113:146 In this study, all-natural composite microspheres were fabricated through adding shellac into chitin solution followed by self-assembly via thermally-induced phase separation. 29199127 2 17 theme microspheres 459:470 arg1 kinds 450:454 these two kinds 440:454 these two kinds of microspheres 440:470 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 0 18 theme microspheres 48:59 arg1 fabrication 8:18 One-pot fabrication 0:18 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 0:96 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 29199127 3 19 theme chitin-shellac 510:523 arg1 microspheres 535:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres were used for enzyme immobilization through adsorption. 29199127 2 20 theme pore 278:281 arg1 structure 283:291 The pore structure 274:291 The pore structure of the composite microspheres 274:321 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 1 21 theme thermally-induced 238:254 arg1 separation 262:271 thermally-induced phase separation 238:271 thermally-induced phase separation 238:271 In this study, all-natural composite microspheres were fabricated through adding shellac into chitin solution followed by self-assembly via thermally-induced phase separation. 29199127 0 22 theme composite 38:46 arg1 microspheres 48:59 chitin-shellac composite microspheres 23:59 chitin-shellac composite microspheres 23:59 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 29199127 4 23 theme alcohol 614:620 arg1 dehydrogenase 622:634 yeast alcohol dehydrogenase 608:634 yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) 608:641 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 23 theme alcohol 614:620 arg1 multimer 686:693 a multimer 684:693 a multimer consisting of 4 subunits 684:718 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 23 theme alcohol 614:620 arg1 enzyme 667:672 the model enzyme 657:672 the model enzyme 657:672 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 23 theme alcohol 614:620 arg1 YADH 637:640 YADH 637:640 YADH 637:640 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 3 24 used used 553:556 arg2 microspheres 535:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres 492:546 The as-fabricated chitin-shellac composite microspheres were used for enzyme immobilization through adsorption. 29199127 6 25 theme immobilized 825:835 arg1 enzyme 837:842 The immobilized enzyme 821:842 The immobilized enzyme 821:842 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 1 26 theme phase 256:260 arg1 separation 262:271 thermally-induced phase separation 238:271 thermally-induced phase separation 238:271 In this study, all-natural composite microspheres were fabricated through adding shellac into chitin solution followed by self-assembly via thermally-induced phase separation. 29199127 0 27 theme efficient 65:73 arg1 immobilization 82:95 efficient enzyme immobilization 65:95 efficient enzyme immobilization 65:95 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 29199127 4 28 theme yeast 608:612 arg1 dehydrogenase 622:634 yeast alcohol dehydrogenase 608:634 yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) 608:641 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 28 theme yeast 608:612 arg1 multimer 686:693 a multimer 684:693 a multimer consisting of 4 subunits 684:718 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 28 theme yeast 608:612 arg1 enzyme 667:672 the model enzyme 657:672 the model enzyme 657:672 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 4 28 theme yeast 608:612 arg1 YADH 637:640 YADH 637:640 YADH 637:640 And yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was chosen as the model enzyme, which is a multimer consisting of 4 subunits. 29199127 1 29 theme composite 125:133 arg1 microspheres 135:146 all-natural composite microspheres 113:146 all-natural composite microspheres 113:146 In this study, all-natural composite microspheres were fabricated through adding shellac into chitin solution followed by self-assembly via thermally-induced phase separation. 29199127 6 30 from 4°C 989:991 arg1 storage 978:984 54days' storage 970:984 54days' storage at 4°C 970:991 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 2 31 theme microspheres 388:399 arg1 ink-bottle-shape 357:372 ink-bottle-shape 357:372 ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres 357:399 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 6 32 theme free 1003:1006 arg1 enzyme 1008:1013 the free enzyme 999:1013 the free enzyme 999:1013 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 2 33 theme composite 300:308 arg1 microspheres 310:321 the composite microspheres 296:321 the composite microspheres 296:321 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 2 34 theme chitin 381:386 arg1 microspheres 388:399 the chitin microspheres 377:399 the chitin microspheres 377:399 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 5 35 theme as-prepared 749:759 arg1 microspheres 771:782 the as-prepared composite microspheres 745:782 the as-prepared composite microspheres 745:782 The loading capacity of the as-prepared composite microspheres was up to 79.0mg/g (enzyme/carrier). 29199127 6 36 theme free 902:905 arg1 counterpart 907:917 its free counterpart 898:917 its free counterpart 898:917 The immobilized enzyme exhibited a comparable catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart and maintained 49.3% of its initial activity after 54days' storage at 4°C while the free enzyme lost all its activity. 29199127 2 37 theme kinds 450:454 arg1 structure 427:435 the crystalline structure 411:435 the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres 411:470 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 2 38 theme crystalline 415:425 arg1 structure 427:435 the crystalline structure 411:435 the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres 411:470 The pore structure of the composite microspheres was altered into wedge-shape from ink-bottle-shape of the chitin microspheres, whereas, the crystalline structure of these two kinds of microspheres remained unaltered. 29199127 0 39 theme enzyme 75:80 arg1 immobilization 82:95 efficient enzyme immobilization 65:95 efficient enzyme immobilization 65:95 One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. 24629951 8 0 from effect 1188:1193 arg1 composition 1250:1260 wine oligosaccharide composition 1229:1260 wine oligosaccharide composition 1229:1260 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 7 1 from ratios 979:984 arg1 Judío 996:1000 Judío 996:1000 Judío 996:1000 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 7 1 from ratios 979:984 arg1 terroirs 1015:1022 terroirs 1015:1022 terroirs 1015:1022 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 7 2 dep Arabinose/Galactose 924:942 arg1 the 920:922 the 920:922 the 920:922 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 0 3 theme red 76:78 arg1 composition 50:60 the oligosaccharide composition 30:60 the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red 30:78 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 5 4 theme significant 637:647 arg1 differences 649:659 significant differences 637:659 significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 637:708 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 8 5 theme terroir 1167:1173 arg1 " 1174:1174 the "terroir" 1162:1174 the "terroir" 1162:1174 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 1 6 theme oligosaccharides 152:167 arg1 release 141:147 The release 137:147 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking 137:185 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. 24629951 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 50:60 the oligosaccharide composition 30:60 the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red 30:78 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 2 8 from composition 315:325 arg1 wine 330:333 wine 330:333 wine 330:333 Oligosaccharide quantities and composition in wine could be influenced by the "terroir" effect. 24629951 3 9 dep " 452:452 arg1 " 452:452 terroirs" 444:452 four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre) 428:511 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 9 dep " 452:452 arg1 Judío 462:466 Judío 462:466 Judío 462:466 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 9 dep " 452:452 arg1 Montealegre 500:510 Montealegre 500:510 Montealegre 500:510 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 9 dep " 452:452 arg1 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 2 10 from quantities 300:309 arg1 wine 330:333 wine 330:333 wine 330:333 Oligosaccharide quantities and composition in wine could be influenced by the "terroir" effect. 24629951 4 11 theme enzyme 570:575 arg1 addition 577:584 β-galactosidase enzyme addition 554:584 β-galactosidase enzyme addition 554:584 Monastrell wines were also treated with β-galactosidase enzyme addition and commercial enzyme addition. 24629951 5 12 theme geographical 728:739 arg1 origin 741:746 the geographical origin 724:746 the geographical origin of grapes 724:756 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 7 13 theme Rhamnose/Galacturonic 952:972 arg1 ratios 979:984 the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios 948:984 the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios 948:984 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 4 14 theme β-galactosidase 554:568 arg1 addition 577:584 β-galactosidase enzyme addition 554:584 β-galactosidase enzyme addition 554:584 Monastrell wines were also treated with β-galactosidase enzyme addition and commercial enzyme addition. 24629951 0 15 theme wine-growing 106:117 arg1 origins 119:125 four different wine-growing origins 91:125 four different wine-growing origins in Spain 91:134 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 3 16 theme terroirs 444:451 arg1 " 452:452 terroirs" 444:452 four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre) 428:511 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 16 theme terroirs 444:451 arg1 Judío 462:466 Judío 462:466 Judío 462:466 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 16 theme terroirs 444:451 arg1 Montealegre 500:510 Montealegre 500:510 Montealegre 500:510 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 16 theme terroirs 444:451 arg1 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 8 17 theme oligosaccharide 1234:1248 arg1 composition 1250:1260 wine oligosaccharide composition 1229:1260 wine oligosaccharide composition 1229:1260 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 0 18 theme different 96:104 arg1 origins 119:125 four different wine-growing origins 91:125 four different wine-growing origins in Spain 91:134 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 3 19 from " 452:452 arg1 grapes 416:421 grapes 416:421 grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre) 416:511 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 2 20 theme " 370:370 arg1 effect 372:377 the "terroir" effect 358:377 the "terroir" effect 358:377 Oligosaccharide quantities and composition in wine could be influenced by the "terroir" effect. 24629951 7 21 dep Albatana 1105:1112 arg1 wines 1144:1148 wines 1144:1148 wines 1144:1148 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 6 22 theme oligosaccharides 780:795 arg1 quantity 768:775 A higher quantity 759:775 A higher quantity of oligosaccharides 759:795 A higher quantity of oligosaccharides was found for three out of four terroirs studied when commercial enzymes were added. 24629951 2 23 theme terroir 363:369 arg1 effect 372:377 the "terroir" effect 358:377 the "terroir" effect 358:377 Oligosaccharide quantities and composition in wine could be influenced by the "terroir" effect. 24629951 0 24 theme oligosaccharide 34:48 arg1 composition 50:60 the oligosaccharide composition 30:60 the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red 30:78 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 0 25 theme additions 17:25 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red 0:78 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 4 26 theme Monastrell 514:523 arg1 wines 525:529 Monastrell wines 514:529 Monastrell wines 514:529 Monastrell wines were also treated with β-galactosidase enzyme addition and commercial enzyme addition. 24629951 7 27 theme /Rhamnose 1072:1080 arg1 ratio 1082:1086 the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio 1047:1086 the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio 1047:1086 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 7 28 theme acid 974:977 arg1 ratios 979:984 the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios 948:984 the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios 948:984 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 2 29 theme Oligosaccharide 284:298 arg1 quantities 300:309 Oligosaccharide quantities 284:309 Oligosaccharide quantities 284:309 Oligosaccharide quantities and composition in wine could be influenced by the "terroir" effect. 24629951 7 30 dep Judío 996:1000 arg1 wines 1024:1028 wines 1024:1028 wines 1024:1028 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 0 31 theme enzyme 10:15 arg1 additions 17:25 enzyme additions 10:25 enzyme additions 10:25 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 24629951 1 32 theme grape 202:206 arg1 degradation 223:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. 24629951 8 33 theme enzyme 1209:1214 arg1 treatment 1216:1224 commercial enzyme treatment 1198:1224 commercial enzyme treatment 1198:1224 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 1 34 theme enzymes 275:281 arg1 use 268:270 the use 264:270 the use of enzymes 264:281 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. 24629951 7 35 theme Arabinose+Galactose 1052:1070 arg1 ratio 1082:1086 the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio 1047:1086 the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio 1047:1086 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 1 36 theme skin 208:211 arg1 degradation 223:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. 24629951 8 37 theme wine 1229:1232 arg1 composition 1250:1260 wine oligosaccharide composition 1229:1260 wine oligosaccharide composition 1229:1260 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 5 38 from differences 649:659 arg1 fractions 700:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 8 39 theme commercial 1198:1207 arg1 treatment 1216:1224 commercial enzyme treatment 1198:1224 commercial enzyme treatment 1198:1224 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 6 40 theme commercial 851:860 arg1 enzymes 862:868 commercial enzymes 851:868 commercial enzymes 851:868 A higher quantity of oligosaccharides was found for three out of four terroirs studied when commercial enzymes were added. 24629951 6 41 theme higher 761:766 arg1 quantity 768:775 A higher quantity 759:775 A higher quantity of oligosaccharides 759:795 A higher quantity of oligosaccharides was found for three out of four terroirs studied when commercial enzymes were added. 24629951 3 42 theme different 433:441 arg1 " 452:452 terroirs" 444:452 four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre) 428:511 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 42 theme different 433:441 arg1 Judío 462:466 Judío 462:466 Judío 462:466 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 42 theme different 433:441 arg1 Montealegre 500:510 Montealegre 500:510 Montealegre 500:510 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 42 theme different 433:441 arg1 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Chaparral-Bullas 479:494 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 3 43 theme Monastrell 380:389 arg1 wine 391:394 Monastrell wine 380:394 Monastrell wine 380:394 Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre). 24629951 5 44 theme Monastrell 668:677 arg1 fractions 700:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 7 45 from Arabinose/Galactose 924:942 arg1 Judío 996:1000 Judío 996:1000 Judío 996:1000 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 7 45 from Arabinose/Galactose 924:942 arg1 terroirs 1015:1022 terroirs 1015:1022 terroirs 1015:1022 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 7 46 theme enzyme 904:909 arg1 use 886:888 The use 882:888 The use of commercial enzyme 882:909 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 5 47 theme wine 679:682 arg1 fractions 700:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 1 48 theme wall 218:221 arg1 degradation 223:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. 24629951 5 49 theme oligosaccharide 684:698 arg1 fractions 700:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions 664:708 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 8 50 theme treatment 1216:1224 arg1 effect 1188:1193 the effect 1184:1193 the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition 1184:1260 Therefore, the "terroir" impacts the effect of commercial enzyme treatment on wine oligosaccharide composition. 24629951 5 51 theme grapes 751:756 arg1 origin 741:746 the geographical origin 724:746 the geographical origin of grapes 724:756 The results showed significant differences in the Monastrell wine oligosaccharide fractions, according to the geographical origin of grapes. 24629951 1 52 theme cell 213:216 arg1 degradation 223:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 the grape skin cell wall degradation 198:233 The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. 24629951 7 53 theme commercial 893:902 arg1 enzyme 904:909 commercial enzyme 893:909 commercial enzyme 893:909 The use of commercial enzyme modified the Arabinose/Galactose and the Rhamnose/Galacturonic acid ratios in Cañada Judío and Albatana terroirs wines, and it modified the (Arabinose+Galactose)/Rhamnose ratio in Cañada Judío, Albatana and Chaparral-Bullas terroirs wines. 24629951 4 54 theme enzyme 601:606 arg1 addition 608:615 commercial enzyme addition 590:615 commercial enzyme addition 590:615 Monastrell wines were also treated with β-galactosidase enzyme addition and commercial enzyme addition. 24629951 4 55 theme commercial 590:599 arg1 addition 608:615 commercial enzyme addition 590:615 commercial enzyme addition 590:615 Monastrell wines were also treated with β-galactosidase enzyme addition and commercial enzyme addition. 24629951 0 56 from origins 119:125 arg1 Spain 130:134 Spain 130:134 Spain 130:134 Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain. 26850145 11 0 theme orthogonal 1765:1774 arg1 manner 1758:1763 a manner 1756:1763 a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself 1756:1826 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 9 1 theme peak 1284:1287 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 1 theme peak 1284:1287 arg1 stress 1289:1294 peak stress 1284:1294 peak stress 1284:1294 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 8 2 theme acrylonitrile 1073:1085 arg1 fibers 1111:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 17 3 theme collagen 2748:2755 arg1 design 2766:2771 the collagen scaffold design 2744:2771 the collagen scaffold design 2744:2771 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 11 4 theme collagen 1803:1810 arg1 scaffold 1812:1819 the collagen scaffold itself 1799:1826 the collagen scaffold itself 1799:1826 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 2 5 theme million 255:261 arg1 injuries 270:277 more than 32 million tendon injuries 242:277 more than 32 million tendon injuries 242:277 Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. 26850145 7 6 theme insufficient 937:948 arg1 strength 964:971 insufficient biomechanical strength 937:971 insufficient biomechanical strength 937:971 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 8 7 theme styrene 1097:1103 arg1 fibers 1111:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 17 8 theme composite 2666:2674 arg1 performance 2632:2642 the mechanical performance 2617:2642 the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite 2617:2674 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 2 9 dep US 231:232 arg1 sustain 234:240 sustain 234:240 sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries 234:277 Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. 26850145 18 10 theme growth 2824:2829 arg1 delivery 2838:2845 growth factor delivery 2824:2845 growth factor delivery 2824:2845 Further, the fiber array provides a substrate for growth factor delivery to aid healing. 26850145 5 11 theme differentiation 647:661 arg1 capable 626:632 capable 626:632 capable 626:632 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 9 12 theme at 1304:1305 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 12 theme at 1304:1305 arg1 stress 1312:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 8 13 theme ABS 1106:1108 arg1 fibers 1111:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 10 14 theme ABS 1521:1523 arg1 fibers 1525:1530 ABS fibers 1521:1530 ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors 1521:1568 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 15 15 theme insufficient 2350:2361 arg1 strength 2377:2384 insufficient biomechanical strength 2350:2384 insufficient biomechanical strength 2350:2384 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 8 16 theme fibers 1111:1116 arg1 arrays 1063:1068 customizable arrays 1050:1068 customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair 1050:1202 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 16 17 theme fiber 2478:2482 arg1 arrays 2484:2489 customizable fiber arrays 2465:2489 customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications 2465:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 4 18 theme engineering 429:439 arg1 methods 441:447 tissue engineering methods 422:447 tissue engineering methods 422:447 Biomaterial platforms and tissue engineering methods offer an alternative approach to address these injuries. 26850145 17 19 theme fiber 2698:2702 arg1 array 2704:2708 the fiber array 2694:2708 the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design 2694:2771 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 18 20 theme fiber 2787:2791 arg1 array 2793:2797 the fiber array 2783:2797 the fiber array 2783:2797 Further, the fiber array provides a substrate for growth factor delivery to aid healing. 26850145 9 21 from stress 1312:1317 arg1 peak 1307:1310 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 21 from stress 1312:1317 arg1 strain 1297:1302 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 21 from stress 1312:1317 arg1 at 1304:1305 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 12 22 theme Tendon 1855:1860 arg1 injuries 1862:1869 SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries 1842:1869 SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries 1842:1869 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries account for more than 32 million injuries each year in the US alone. 26850145 4 23 theme Biomaterial 396:406 arg1 platforms 408:416 Biomaterial platforms 396:416 Biomaterial platforms 396:416 Biomaterial platforms and tissue engineering methods offer an alternative approach to address these injuries. 26850145 12 24 theme million 1896:1902 arg1 injuries 1904:1911 more than 32 million injuries 1883:1911 more than 32 million injuries 1883:1911 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries account for more than 32 million injuries each year in the US alone. 26850145 16 25 theme ABS 2496:2498 arg1 polymer 2500:2506 ABS polymer 2496:2506 ABS polymer 2496:2506 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 5 26 theme structural 538:547 arg1 features 549:556 aligned structural features 530:556 aligned structural features 530:556 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 1 27 theme connective 145:154 arg1 Tendon 118:123 Tendon 118:123 Tendon 118:123 Tendon is a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone. 26850145 1 27 theme connective 145:154 arg1 tissue 156:161 a highly aligned connective tissue 128:161 a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone 128:203 Tendon is a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone. 26850145 3 28 theme poor 292:295 arg1 outcomes 308:315 poor functional outcomes 292:315 poor functional outcomes 292:315 To mitigate poor functional outcomes due to scar formation, current surgical techniques rely heavily on autografts. 26850145 5 29 theme stem 615:618 arg1 cells 620:624 mesenchymal stem cells 603:624 mesenchymal stem cells 603:624 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 10 30 theme growth 1555:1560 arg1 factors 1562:1568 activity-inducing growth factors 1537:1568 activity-inducing growth factors 1537:1568 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 17 31 theme design 2766:2771 arg1 bioactivity 2729:2739 the bioactivity 2725:2739 the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design 2725:2771 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 0 32 theme 3D-printed 91:100 arg1 fibers 110:115 3D-printed polymer fibers 91:115 3D-printed polymer fibers 91:115 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 5 33 theme capable 626:632 arg1 tenocytes 589:597 adult tenocytes 583:597 adult tenocytes 583:597 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 4 34 theme alternative 458:468 arg1 approach 470:477 an alternative approach 455:477 an alternative approach to address these injuries 455:503 Biomaterial platforms and tissue engineering methods offer an alternative approach to address these injuries. 26850145 13 35 theme functional 2050:2059 arg1 regeneration 2061:2072 functional regeneration 2050:2072 functional regeneration 2050:2072 Current techniques use allografts to mitigate poor functional outcomes, but are not ideal platforms to induce functional regeneration following injury. 26850145 0 36 theme fibers 110:115 arg1 arrays 81:86 customizable arrays 68:86 customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers 68:115 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 9 37 theme native 1428:1433 arg1 bioactivity 1435:1445 the native bioactivity 1424:1445 the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold 1424:1470 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 5 38 theme adult 583:587 arg1 tenocytes 589:597 adult tenocytes 583:597 adult tenocytes 583:597 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 18 39 theme factor 2831:2836 arg1 delivery 2838:2845 growth factor delivery 2824:2845 growth factor delivery 2824:2845 Further, the fiber array provides a substrate for growth factor delivery to aid healing. 26850145 10 40 theme oxygen 1585:1590 arg1 plasma 1592:1597 sequential oxygen plasma 1574:1597 sequential oxygen plasma 1574:1597 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 14 41 contain have 2151:2154 arg1 approaches 2111:2120 Tissue engineering approaches 2092:2120 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates 2092:2149 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. 26850145 14 41 contain have 2151:2154 arg2 potential 2168:2176 significant potential 2156:2176 significant potential 2156:2176 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. 26850145 7 42 theme oxygen 860:865 arg1 biotransport 867:878 oxygen biotransport 860:878 oxygen biotransport 860:878 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 14 43 theme significant 2156:2166 arg1 potential 2168:2176 significant potential 2156:2176 significant potential 2156:2176 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. 26850145 3 44 theme current 340:346 arg1 techniques 357:366 current surgical techniques 340:366 current surgical techniques 340:366 To mitigate poor functional outcomes due to scar formation, current surgical techniques rely heavily on autografts. 26850145 11 45 theme adaptable 1664:1672 arg1 approach 1674:1681 an adaptable approach 1661:1681 an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself 1661:1826 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 16 46 theme customizable 2465:2476 arg1 arrays 2484:2489 customizable fiber arrays 2465:2489 customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications 2465:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 9 47 theme collagen 1454:1461 arg1 scaffold 1463:1470 the collagen scaffold 1450:1470 the collagen scaffold 1450:1470 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 6 48 theme scaffold 701:708 arg1 bioactivity 710:720 scaffold bioactivity 701:720 scaffold bioactivity 701:720 However, appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs remains challenging. 26850145 10 49 theme crosslinking 1616:1627 arg1 treatments 1629:1638 carbodiimide crosslinking treatments 1603:1638 carbodiimide crosslinking treatments 1603:1638 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 9 50 theme mechanical 1214:1223 arg1 performance 1225:1235 mechanical performance 1214:1235 mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1214:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 8 51 theme tendon 1190:1195 arg1 repair 1197:1202 tendon repair 1190:1202 tendon repair 1190:1202 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 8 52 theme printing 1020:1027 arg1 techniques 1029:1038 three-dimensional printing techniques 1002:1038 three-dimensional printing techniques 1002:1038 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 11 53 theme biomolecular 1735:1746 arg1 cues 1748:1751 biomolecular cues 1735:1751 biomolecular cues 1735:1751 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 0 54 theme collagen 43:50 arg1 scaffolds 52:60 collagen scaffolds 43:60 collagen scaffolds 43:60 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 14 55 theme engineering 2099:2109 arg1 approaches 2111:2120 Tissue engineering approaches 2092:2120 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates 2092:2149 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. 26850145 11 56 theme mechanical 1699:1708 arg1 strength 1710:1717 mechanical strength 1699:1717 mechanical strength 1699:1717 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 9 57 theme composites 1255:1264 arg1 performance 1225:1235 mechanical performance 1214:1235 mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1214:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 0 58 dep strength 15:22 arg1 the 11:13 the 11:13 the 11:13 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 8 59 theme customizable 1050:1061 arg1 arrays 1063:1068 customizable arrays 1050:1068 customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair 1050:1202 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 9 60 theme elastic 1267:1273 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 60 theme elastic 1267:1273 arg1 modulus 1275:1281 elastic modulus 1267:1281 elastic modulus 1267:1281 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 7 61 theme high 791:794 arg1 porosity 796:803 The high porosity 787:803 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs 787:914 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 15 62 theme cell 2258:2261 arg1 infiltration 2263:2274 cell infiltration 2258:2274 cell infiltration 2258:2274 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 17 63 theme bioactivity 2729:2739 arg1 independent 2710:2720 independent 2710:2720 independent 2710:2720 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 8 64 theme butadiene 1087:1095 arg1 fibers 1111:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers 1073:1116 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 16 65 theme techniques 2442:2451 arg1 use 2408:2410 the use 2404:2410 the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications 2404:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 16 66 theme collagen 2540:2547 arg1 scaffold 2549:2556 a collagen scaffold 2538:2556 a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications 2538:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 2 67 theme tendon 263:268 arg1 injuries 270:277 more than 32 million tendon injuries 242:277 more than 32 million tendon injuries 242:277 Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. 26850145 17 68 theme fiber-scaffold 2651:2664 arg1 composite 2666:2674 the fiber-scaffold composite 2647:2674 the fiber-scaffold composite 2647:2674 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 16 69 theme tendon 2580:2585 arg1 applications 2594:2605 tendon repair applications 2580:2605 tendon repair applications 2580:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 16 70 theme three-dimensional 2415:2431 arg1 techniques 2442:2451 three-dimensional printing techniques 2415:2451 three-dimensional printing techniques 2415:2451 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 11 71 theme scaffold 1812:1819 arg1 architecture 1783:1794 the architecture 1779:1794 the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself 1779:1826 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 5 72 theme tenogenic 637:645 arg1 differentiation 647:661 tenogenic differentiation 637:661 tenogenic differentiation 637:661 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 9 73 theme strain 1297:1302 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 73 theme strain 1297:1302 arg1 stress 1312:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 7 74 theme biomechanical 950:962 arg1 strength 964:971 insufficient biomechanical strength 937:971 insufficient biomechanical strength 937:971 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 15 75 theme biomechanical 2363:2375 arg1 strength 2377:2384 insufficient biomechanical strength 2350:2384 insufficient biomechanical strength 2350:2384 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 10 76 with fibers 1525:1530 arg1 factors 1562:1568 activity-inducing growth factors 1537:1568 activity-inducing growth factors 1537:1568 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 9 77 theme peak 1307:1310 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 77 theme peak 1307:1310 arg1 stress 1312:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 16 78 theme repair 2587:2592 arg1 applications 2594:2605 tendon repair applications 2580:2605 tendon repair applications 2580:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 15 79 theme resultant 2323:2331 arg1 biomaterials 2333:2344 the resultant biomaterials 2319:2344 the resultant biomaterials 2319:2344 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 7 80 theme three-dimensional 887:903 arg1 constructs 905:914 three-dimensional constructs 887:914 three-dimensional constructs 887:914 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 12 81 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1842:1853 arg1 injuries 1862:1869 SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries 1842:1869 SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries 1842:1869 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries account for more than 32 million injuries each year in the US alone. 26850145 4 82 theme tissue 422:427 arg1 methods 441:447 tissue engineering methods 422:447 tissue engineering methods 422:447 Biomaterial platforms and tissue engineering methods offer an alternative approach to address these injuries. 26850145 6 83 theme appropriate 673:683 arg1 balance 685:691 appropriate balance 673:691 appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs 673:764 However, appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs remains challenging. 26850145 0 84 theme customizable 68:79 arg1 arrays 81:86 customizable arrays 68:86 customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers 68:115 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 5 85 theme aligned 530:536 arg1 features 549:556 aligned structural features 530:556 aligned structural features 530:556 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 1 86 theme aligned 137:143 arg1 Tendon 118:123 Tendon 118:123 Tendon 118:123 Tendon is a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone. 26850145 1 86 theme aligned 137:143 arg1 tissue 156:161 a highly aligned connective tissue 128:161 a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone 128:203 Tendon is a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone. 26850145 12 87 theme injuries 1862:1869 arg1 STATEMENT 1829:1837 STATEMENT 1829:1837 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries 1829:1869 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries account for more than 32 million injuries each year in the US alone. 26850145 9 88 theme fiber-reinforcement 1377:1395 arg1 geometry 1397:1404 fiber-reinforcement geometry 1377:1404 fiber-reinforcement geometry 1377:1404 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 3 89 theme functional 297:306 arg1 outcomes 308:315 poor functional outcomes 292:315 poor functional outcomes 292:315 To mitigate poor functional outcomes due to scar formation, current surgical techniques rely heavily on autografts. 26850145 17 90 theme scaffold 2757:2764 arg1 design 2766:2771 the collagen scaffold design 2744:2771 the collagen scaffold design 2744:2771 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 13 91 theme ideal 2024:2028 arg1 platforms 2030:2038 ideal platforms 2024:2038 ideal platforms 2024:2038 Current techniques use allografts to mitigate poor functional outcomes, but are not ideal platforms to induce functional regeneration following injury. 26850145 0 92 theme polymer 102:108 arg1 fibers 110:115 3D-printed polymer fibers 91:115 3D-printed polymer fibers 91:115 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 5 93 theme cells 620:624 arg1 expansion 570:578 expansion 570:578 expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation 570:661 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 10 94 theme activity-inducing 1537:1553 arg1 factors 1562:1568 activity-inducing growth factors 1537:1568 activity-inducing growth factors 1537:1568 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 6 95 theme constructs 755:764 arg1 balance 685:691 appropriate balance 673:691 appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs 673:764 However, appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs remains challenging. 26850145 13 96 theme functional 1991:2000 arg1 outcomes 2002:2009 poor functional outcomes 1986:2009 poor functional outcomes 1986:2009 Current techniques use allografts to mitigate poor functional outcomes, but are not ideal platforms to induce functional regeneration following injury. 26850145 8 97 theme collagen 1150:1157 arg1 scaffold 1159:1166 a collagen scaffold 1148:1166 a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair 1148:1202 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 15 98 theme high 2221:2224 arg1 porosity 2226:2233 the high porosity 2217:2233 the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport 2217:2297 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 9 99 dep composites 1255:1264 arg1 modulus 1275:1281 elastic modulus 1267:1281 elastic modulus 1267:1281 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 99 dep composites 1255:1264 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 99 dep composites 1255:1264 arg1 stress 1312:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 99 dep composites 1255:1264 arg1 toughness 1324:1332 toughness 1324:1332 toughness 1324:1332 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 99 dep composites 1255:1264 arg1 stress 1289:1294 peak stress 1284:1294 peak stress 1284:1294 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 12 100 from year 1918:1921 arg1 US 1930:1931 US 1930:1931 US 1930:1931 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries account for more than 32 million injuries each year in the US alone. 26850145 3 101 theme scar 324:327 arg1 formation 329:337 scar formation 324:337 scar formation 324:337 To mitigate poor functional outcomes due to scar formation, current surgical techniques rely heavily on autografts. 26850145 13 102 theme poor 1986:1989 arg1 outcomes 2002:2009 poor functional outcomes 1986:2009 poor functional outcomes 1986:2009 Current techniques use allografts to mitigate poor functional outcomes, but are not ideal platforms to induce functional regeneration following injury. 26850145 16 103 theme printing 2433:2440 arg1 techniques 2442:2451 three-dimensional printing techniques 2415:2451 three-dimensional printing techniques 2415:2451 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 5 104 theme tenocytes 589:597 arg1 expansion 570:578 expansion 570:578 expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation 570:661 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 2 105 from people 217:222 arg1 US 231:232 US 231:232 US 231:232 Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. 26850145 10 106 theme sequential 1574:1583 arg1 plasma 1592:1597 sequential oxygen plasma 1574:1597 sequential oxygen plasma 1574:1597 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 6 107 theme mechanical 726:735 arg1 strength 737:744 mechanical strength 726:744 mechanical strength 726:744 However, appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs remains challenging. 26850145 5 108 theme mesenchymal 603:613 arg1 cells 620:624 mesenchymal stem cells 603:624 mesenchymal stem cells 603:624 Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. 26850145 3 109 theme surgical 348:355 arg1 techniques 357:366 current surgical techniques 340:366 current surgical techniques 340:366 To mitigate poor functional outcomes due to scar formation, current surgical techniques rely heavily on autografts. 26850145 16 110 from polymer 2500:2506 arg1 arrays 2484:2489 customizable fiber arrays 2465:2489 customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications 2465:2605 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. 26850145 9 111 theme scaffold 1463:1470 arg1 bioactivity 1435:1445 the native bioactivity 1424:1445 the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold 1424:1470 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 14 112 theme biomaterial 2128:2138 arg1 substrates 2140:2149 biomaterial substrates 2128:2149 biomaterial substrates 2128:2149 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. 26850145 17 113 theme mechanical 2621:2630 arg1 performance 2632:2642 the mechanical performance 2617:2642 the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite 2617:2674 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 10 114 theme carbodiimide 1603:1614 arg1 treatments 1629:1638 carbodiimide crosslinking treatments 1603:1638 carbodiimide crosslinking treatments 1603:1638 Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. 26850145 0 115 theme scaffolds 52:60 arg1 strength 15:22 strength 15:22 strength 15:22 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 0 115 theme scaffolds 52:60 arg1 bioactivity 28:38 bioactivity 28:38 bioactivity 28:38 Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. 26850145 15 116 theme nutrient 2280:2287 arg1 transport 2289:2297 nutrient transport 2280:2297 nutrient transport 2280:2297 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 8 117 theme three-dimensional 1002:1018 arg1 techniques 1029:1038 three-dimensional printing techniques 1002:1038 three-dimensional printing techniques 1002:1038 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 2 118 theme Each 206:209 arg1 people 217:222 people 217:222 people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries 217:277 Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. 26850145 2 118 theme Each 206:209 arg1 year 211:214 Each year 206:214 Each year 206:214 Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. 26850145 9 119 theme scaffold-fiber 1240:1253 arg1 modulus 1275:1281 elastic modulus 1267:1281 elastic modulus 1267:1281 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 119 theme scaffold-fiber 1240:1253 arg1 composites 1255:1264 scaffold-fiber composites 1240:1264 scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) 1240:1333 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 119 theme scaffold-fiber 1240:1253 arg1 stress 1312:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 strain at peak stress 1297:1317 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 119 theme scaffold-fiber 1240:1253 arg1 toughness 1324:1332 toughness 1324:1332 toughness 1324:1332 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 9 119 theme scaffold-fiber 1240:1253 arg1 stress 1289:1294 peak stress 1284:1294 peak stress 1284:1294 Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. 26850145 7 120 theme cell 828:831 arg1 infiltration 833:844 cell infiltration 828:844 cell infiltration 828:844 The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 15 121 contain has 2346:2348 arg2 strength 2377:2384 insufficient biomechanical strength 2350:2384 insufficient biomechanical strength 2350:2384 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 15 121 contain has 2346:2348 arg1 biomaterials 2333:2344 the resultant biomaterials 2319:2344 the resultant biomaterials 2319:2344 However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. 26850145 14 122 theme Tissue 2092:2097 arg1 approaches 2111:2120 Tissue engineering approaches 2092:2120 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates 2092:2149 Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. 26850145 8 123 theme techniques 1029:1038 arg1 use 995:997 the use 991:997 the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair 991:1202 Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. 26850145 17 124 theme independent 2710:2720 arg1 array 2704:2708 the fiber array 2694:2708 the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design 2694:2771 Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. 26850145 13 125 theme Current 1940:1946 arg1 techniques 1948:1957 Current techniques 1940:1957 Current techniques 1940:1957 Current techniques use allografts to mitigate poor functional outcomes, but are not ideal platforms to induce functional regeneration following injury. 26850145 11 126 theme cues 1748:1751 arg1 presence 1723:1730 presence 1723:1730 presence 1723:1730 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 26850145 11 126 theme cues 1748:1751 arg1 strength 1710:1717 mechanical strength 1699:1717 mechanical strength 1699:1717 Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. 27319171 8 0 theme baseline 1330:1337 arg1 separations 1346:1356 The baseline chiral separations 1326:1356 The baseline chiral separations for five chiral compounds 1326:1382 The baseline chiral separations for five chiral compounds were obtained under the optimal conditions. 27319171 10 1 theme phases 1622:1627 arg1 process 1593:1599 the traditional preparation process 1565:1599 the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases 1565:1627 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 3 2 theme polymerization 629:642 arg1 reaction 644:651 one-step polymerization reaction 620:651 one-step polymerization reaction 620:651 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 6 3 theme β-cyclodextrin 1080:1093 arg1 performance 1065:1075 the chiral recognition performance 1042:1075 the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin 1042:1093 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 6 3 theme β-cyclodextrin 1080:1093 arg1 performance 1115:1125 the outstanding performance 1099:1125 the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material 1099:1162 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 4 4 theme high 738:741 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 4 theme high 738:741 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 10 5 theme chiral 1604:1609 arg1 phases 1622:1627 chiral stationary phases 1604:1627 chiral stationary phases 1604:1627 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 2 6 theme base 367:370 arg1 condition 372:380 weak base condition 362:380 weak base condition 362:380 Firstly, the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin under weak base condition. 27319171 7 7 theme chiral 1277:1282 arg1 conditions 1295:1304 the best chiral separation conditions 1268:1304 the best chiral separation conditions 1268:1304 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 6 8 theme chiral 1046:1051 arg1 performance 1065:1075 the chiral recognition performance 1042:1075 the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin 1042:1093 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 3 9 from materials 422:430 arg1 surface 459:465 the surface 455:465 the surface of pores by covalent bonding 455:494 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 5 10 theme regular 869:875 arg1 morphology 887:896 regular spherical morphology 869:896 regular spherical morphology 869:896 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 11 theme simple 1002:1007 arg1 process 1021:1027 simple preparation process 1002:1027 simple preparation process 1002:1027 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 6 12 theme material 1155:1162 arg1 performance 1065:1075 the chiral recognition performance 1042:1075 the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin 1042:1093 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 6 12 theme material 1155:1162 arg1 performance 1115:1125 the outstanding performance 1099:1125 the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material 1099:1162 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 7 13 theme pH 1206:1207 arg1 effect 1169:1174 The effect 1165:1174 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation 1165:1244 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 6 14 theme organic-inorganic 1130:1146 arg1 material 1155:1162 organic-inorganic hybrid material 1130:1162 organic-inorganic hybrid material 1130:1162 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 3 15 theme β-cyclodextrin-silica 393:413 arg1 materials 422:430 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials 383:430 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding 383:494 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 7 16 theme chiral 1228:1233 arg1 separation 1235:1244 chiral separation 1228:1244 chiral separation 1228:1244 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 9 17 theme enantioseparation 1443:1459 arg1 results 1432:1438 The results 1428:1438 The results of enantioseparation 1428:1459 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 7 18 theme ratio 1196:1200 arg1 effect 1169:1174 The effect 1165:1174 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation 1165:1244 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 1 19 theme β-cyclodextrin-silica 138:158 arg1 phases 185:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases was developed. 27319171 3 20 with materials 422:430 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 437:450 β-cyclodextrin 437:450 β-cyclodextrin 437:450 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 4 21 used used 730:733 arg2 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 21 used used 730:733 arg2 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 2 22 theme monochlorotriazinyl 321:339 arg1 reaction 276:283 the reaction 272:283 the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin 272:354 Firstly, the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin under weak base condition. 27319171 7 23 theme composition 1183:1193 arg1 effect 1169:1174 The effect 1165:1174 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation 1165:1244 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 1 24 theme chiral 167:172 arg1 phases 185:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases was developed. 27319171 5 25 theme specific 925:932 arg1 area 942:945 high specific surface area 920:945 high specific surface area 920:945 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 9 26 theme hybrid 1477:1482 arg1 phases 1502:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 2 27 theme 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 288:315 arg1 reaction 276:283 the reaction 272:283 the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin 272:354 Firstly, the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin under weak base condition. 27319171 7 28 theme phase 1219:1223 arg1 composition 1183:1193 composition 1183:1193 composition 1183:1193 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 7 28 theme phase 1219:1223 arg1 pH 1206:1207 pH 1206:1207 pH 1206:1207 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 7 28 theme phase 1219:1223 arg1 ratio 1196:1200 ratio 1196:1200 ratio 1196:1200 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 9 29 theme stationary 1491:1500 arg1 phases 1502:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 10 30 theme new 1648:1650 arg1 type 1652:1655 new type 1648:1655 new type of chiral stationary phase 1648:1682 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 5 31 theme good 899:902 arg1 monodispersion 904:917 good monodispersion 899:917 good monodispersion 899:917 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 9 32 theme chiral 1523:1528 arg1 ability 1542:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 10 33 theme stationary 1667:1676 arg1 phase 1678:1682 chiral stationary phase 1660:1682 chiral stationary phase 1660:1682 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 0 34 theme phases 97:102 arg1 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 0 34 theme phases 97:102 arg1 performance 35:45 enantioseparation performance 17:45 enantioseparation performance 17:45 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 3 35 theme triethoxysilyl 524:537 arg1 ethane 540:545 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane 516:545 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane 516:545 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 5 36 theme high 974:977 arg1 stability 988:996 high chemical stability 974:996 high chemical stability 974:996 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 1 37 theme simple 108:113 arg1 method 127:132 A simple preparation method 106:132 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 106:190 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases was developed. 27319171 4 38 theme stationary 694:703 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 38 theme stationary 694:703 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 10 39 theme present 1703:1709 arg1 method 1711:1716 the present method 1699:1716 the present method 1699:1716 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 0 40 theme enantioseparation 17:33 arg1 performance 35:45 enantioseparation performance 17:45 enantioseparation performance 17:45 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 3 41 theme 1,2-bis 516:522 arg1 ethane 540:545 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane 516:545 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane 516:545 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 stability 988:996 high chemical stability 974:996 high chemical stability 974:996 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 monodispersion 904:917 good monodispersion 899:917 good monodispersion 899:917 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 morphology 887:896 regular spherical morphology 869:896 regular spherical morphology 869:896 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 property 964:971 good mechanical property 948:971 good mechanical property 948:971 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 area 942:945 high specific surface area 920:945 high specific surface area 920:945 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 process 1021:1027 simple preparation process 1002:1027 simple preparation process 1002:1027 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 42 contain possessed 859:867 arg1 materials 826:834 The hybrid materials 815:834 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper 815:857 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 9 43 contain had 1509:1511 arg2 ability 1542:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 9 43 contain had 1509:1511 arg1 phases 1502:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 5 44 theme good 948:951 arg1 property 964:971 good mechanical property 948:971 good mechanical property 948:971 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 0 45 theme stationary 86:95 arg1 phases 97:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 0 46 theme hybrid 72:77 arg1 phases 97:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 4 47 theme hybrid 680:685 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 47 theme hybrid 680:685 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 7 48 theme separation 1284:1293 arg1 conditions 1295:1304 the best chiral separation conditions 1268:1304 the best chiral separation conditions 1268:1304 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 4 49 theme performance 743:753 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 49 theme performance 743:753 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 2 50 theme β-cyclodextrin-silica 220:240 arg1 derivative 242:251 the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative 216:251 the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative 216:251 Firstly, the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin under weak base condition. 27319171 10 51 theme preparation 1581:1591 arg1 process 1593:1599 the traditional preparation process 1565:1599 the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases 1565:1627 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 0 52 theme chiral 79:84 arg1 phases 97:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 6 53 theme outstanding 1103:1113 arg1 performance 1115:1125 the outstanding performance 1099:1125 the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material 1099:1162 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 4 54 theme chromatographic 762:776 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 54 theme chromatographic 762:776 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 3 55 theme one-step 620:627 arg1 reaction 644:651 one-step polymerization reaction 620:651 one-step polymerization reaction 620:651 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 5 56 theme hybrid 819:824 arg1 materials 826:834 The hybrid materials 815:834 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper 815:857 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 10 57 theme stationary 1611:1620 arg1 phases 1622:1627 chiral stationary phases 1604:1627 chiral stationary phases 1604:1627 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 8 58 theme chiral 1339:1344 arg1 separations 1346:1356 The baseline chiral separations 1326:1356 The baseline chiral separations for five chiral compounds 1326:1382 The baseline chiral separations for five chiral compounds were obtained under the optimal conditions. 27319171 7 59 theme best 1272:1275 arg1 conditions 1295:1304 the best chiral separation conditions 1268:1304 the best chiral separation conditions 1268:1304 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 2 60 theme weak 362:365 arg1 condition 372:380 weak base condition 362:380 weak base condition 362:380 Firstly, the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin under weak base condition. 27319171 6 61 theme recognition 1053:1063 arg1 performance 1065:1075 the chiral recognition performance 1042:1075 the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin 1042:1093 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 2 62 dep 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 288:315 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 341:354 β-cyclodextrin 341:354 β-cyclodextrin 341:354 Firstly, the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin under weak base condition. 27319171 8 63 theme chiral 1367:1372 arg1 compounds 1374:1382 five chiral compounds 1362:1382 five chiral compounds 1362:1382 The baseline chiral separations for five chiral compounds were obtained under the optimal conditions. 27319171 5 64 theme spherical 877:885 arg1 morphology 887:896 regular spherical morphology 869:896 regular spherical morphology 869:896 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 5 65 theme preparation 1009:1019 arg1 process 1021:1027 simple preparation process 1002:1027 simple preparation process 1002:1027 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 6 66 theme hybrid 1148:1153 arg1 material 1155:1162 organic-inorganic hybrid material 1130:1162 organic-inorganic hybrid material 1130:1162 It combined the chiral recognition performance of β-cyclodextrin and the outstanding performance of organic-inorganic hybrid material. 27319171 4 67 theme template 797:804 arg1 removal 806:812 the template removal 793:812 the template removal 793:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 8 68 theme optimal 1408:1414 arg1 conditions 1416:1425 the optimal conditions 1404:1425 the optimal conditions 1404:1425 The baseline chiral separations for five chiral compounds were obtained under the optimal conditions. 27319171 3 69 theme hybrid 415:420 arg1 materials 422:430 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials 383:430 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding 383:494 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 7 70 theme mobile 1212:1217 arg1 phase 1219:1223 mobile phase 1212:1223 mobile phase 1212:1223 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 1 71 theme hybrid 160:165 arg1 phases 185:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases was developed. 27319171 3 72 theme Spherical 383:391 arg1 materials 422:430 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials 383:430 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding 383:494 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 5 73 theme high 920:923 arg1 area 942:945 high specific surface area 920:945 high specific surface area 920:945 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 1 74 theme stationary 174:183 arg1 phases 185:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 138:190 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases was developed. 27319171 5 75 theme surface 934:940 arg1 area 942:945 high specific surface area 920:945 high specific surface area 920:945 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 9 76 theme chiral 1484:1489 arg1 phases 1502:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 the hybrid chiral stationary phases 1473:1507 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 7 77 from effect 1169:1174 arg1 separation 1235:1244 chiral separation 1228:1244 chiral separation 1228:1244 The effect of the composition, ratio and pH of mobile phase on chiral separation was investigated, and the best chiral separation conditions had been optimized. 27319171 3 78 theme pores 470:474 arg1 surface 459:465 the surface 455:465 the surface of pores by covalent bonding 455:494 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 9 79 theme favorable 1513:1521 arg1 ability 1542:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 10 80 theme phase 1678:1682 arg1 type 1652:1655 new type 1648:1655 new type of chiral stationary phase 1648:1682 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 9 81 theme recognition 1530:1540 arg1 ability 1542:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 favorable chiral recognition ability 1513:1548 The results of enantioseparation showed that the hybrid chiral stationary phases had favorable chiral recognition ability. 27319171 10 82 theme chiral 1660:1665 arg1 phase 1678:1682 chiral stationary phase 1660:1682 chiral stationary phase 1660:1682 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 27319171 5 83 theme chemical 979:986 arg1 stability 988:996 high chemical stability 974:996 high chemical stability 974:996 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 1 84 theme preparation 115:125 arg1 method 127:132 A simple preparation method 106:132 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 106:190 A simple preparation method for β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases was developed. 27319171 3 85 theme covalent 479:486 arg1 bonding 488:494 covalent bonding 479:494 covalent bonding 479:494 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 0 86 theme β-cyclodextrin-silica 50:70 arg1 phases 97:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 50:102 [Preparation and enantioseparation performance of β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases]. 27319171 4 87 theme β-Cyclodextrin-silica 658:678 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 87 theme β-Cyclodextrin-silica 658:678 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 3 88 theme β-cyclodextrin-silica 555:575 arg1 derivative 577:586 the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative 551:586 the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative 551:586 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 5 89 theme mechanical 953:962 arg1 property 964:971 good mechanical property 948:971 good mechanical property 948:971 The hybrid materials prepared in this paper possessed regular spherical morphology, good monodispersion, high specific surface area, good mechanical property, high chemical stability and simple preparation process. 27319171 4 90 theme chiral 687:692 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 90 theme chiral 687:692 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 91 theme liquid 755:760 arg1 phases 705:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases 654:710 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 4 91 theme liquid 755:760 arg1 packings 778:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings 738:785 high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal 738:812 The β-Cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phases could be directly used as high performance liquid chromatographic packings after the template removal. 27319171 3 92 theme alkaline 598:605 arg1 condition 607:615 the alkaline condition 594:615 the alkaline condition 594:615 Spherical β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid materials with β-cyclodextrin in the surface of pores by covalent bonding were prepared using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane and the β-cyclodextrin-silica derivative under the alkaline condition by one-step polymerization reaction. 27319171 10 93 theme traditional 1569:1579 arg1 process 1593:1599 the traditional preparation process 1565:1599 the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases 1565:1627 Compared with the traditional preparation process of chiral stationary phases, a new thought for new type of chiral stationary phase is provided by the present method in this paper. 26572479 6 0 theme soluble 868:874 arg1 DFO 848:850 DFO 848:850 DFO 848:850 Spray-dried microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were able to encapsulate DFO, a highly water soluble drug. 26572479 6 0 theme soluble 868:874 arg1 drug 876:879 a highly water soluble drug 853:879 a highly water soluble drug 853:879 Spray-dried microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were able to encapsulate DFO, a highly water soluble drug. 26572479 4 1 theme Hydrogel 518:525 arg1 microspheres 586:597 Hydrogel alone or co-formulated with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres 518:597 Hydrogel alone or co-formulated with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres 518:597 Hydrogel alone or co-formulated with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared and studied in vitro. 26572479 1 2 from application 160:170 arg1 diseases 224:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 Recently, the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases has been highlighted. 26572479 5 3 theme DFO 732:734 arg1 release 736:742 controlled DFO release 721:742 controlled DFO release 721:742 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 5 4 theme preparation 656:666 arg1 methods 668:674 the preparation methods 652:674 the preparation methods 652:674 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 8 5 theme microspheres 985:996 arg1 inclusion 972:980 The inclusion 968:980 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel 968:1039 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 8 6 theme efficient 1059:1067 arg1 system 1078:1083 the most efficient delivery system 1050:1083 the most efficient delivery system 1050:1083 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 5 7 theme methods 668:674 arg1 influence 639:647 The influence 635:647 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release 635:742 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 7 8 theme sustained 944:952 arg1 release 959:965 sustained drug release 944:965 sustained drug release 944:965 Nevertheless, only the composite hydrogels managed to provide sustained drug release. 26572479 6 9 dep poly 792:795 arg1 L-lactide-co-glycolide 799:820 L-lactide-co-glycolide 799:820 L-lactide-co-glycolide 799:820 Spray-dried microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were able to encapsulate DFO, a highly water soluble drug. 26572479 6 9 dep poly 792:795 arg1 D 797:797 D 797:797 D 797:797 Spray-dried microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were able to encapsulate DFO, a highly water soluble drug. 26572479 0 10 theme dysregulation 112:124 arg1 diseases 126:133 iron dysregulation diseases 107:133 iron dysregulation diseases 107:133 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 2 11 from absorption 333:342 arg1 gut 351:353 the gut 347:353 the gut 347:353 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 2 12 theme significant 277:287 arg1 limitations 289:299 significant limitations 277:299 significant limitations 277:299 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 1 13 theme deferoxamine 175:186 arg1 application 160:170 the potential application 146:170 the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases 146:231 Recently, the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases has been highlighted. 26572479 0 14 theme iron 107:110 arg1 diseases 126:133 iron dysregulation diseases 107:133 iron dysregulation diseases 107:133 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 8 15 theme delivery 1069:1076 arg1 system 1078:1083 the most efficient delivery system 1050:1083 the most efficient delivery system 1050:1083 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 8 16 theme pre-formed 1003:1012 arg1 hydrogel 1032:1039 pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel 1003:1039 pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel 1003:1039 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 0 17 theme chitosan/alginate 10:26 arg1 hydrogel 28:35 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel 0:35 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 0:134 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 4 18 dep poly 555:558 arg1 L-lactide-co-glycolide 562:583 L-lactide-co-glycolide 562:583 L-lactide-co-glycolide 562:583 Hydrogel alone or co-formulated with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared and studied in vitro. 26572479 4 18 dep poly 555:558 arg1 D 560:560 D 560:560 D 560:560 Hydrogel alone or co-formulated with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared and studied in vitro. 26572479 2 19 theme plasma 370:375 arg1 half-life 377:385 very short plasma half-life 359:385 very short plasma half-life 359:385 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 0 20 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 hydrogel 28:35 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel 0:35 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 0:134 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 0 21 dep system 79:84 arg1 treat 101:105 treat 101:105 to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases 86:133 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 2 22 theme short 364:368 arg1 half-life 377:385 very short plasma half-life 359:385 very short plasma half-life 359:385 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 5 23 from influence 639:647 arg1 performance 683:693 the performance 679:693 the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release 679:742 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 5 24 theme composite 698:706 arg1 hydrogels 708:716 composite hydrogels 698:716 composite hydrogels 698:716 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 7 25 theme drug 954:957 arg1 release 959:965 sustained drug release 944:965 sustained drug release 944:965 Nevertheless, only the composite hydrogels managed to provide sustained drug release. 26572479 4 26 with co-formulated 536:548 arg1 poly 555:558 poly 555:558 poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 555:584 Hydrogel alone or co-formulated with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared and studied in vitro. 26572479 5 27 theme hydrogels 708:716 arg1 performance 683:693 the performance 679:693 the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release 679:742 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 2 28 theme clinical 304:311 arg1 use 313:315 clinical use 304:315 clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life 304:385 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 1 29 theme several 197:203 arg1 diseases 224:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 Recently, the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases has been highlighted. 26572479 8 30 attach released 1095:1102 arg2 drug 1090:1093 the drug 1086:1093 the drug released from microspheres 1086:1120 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 8 30 attach released 1095:1102 arg1 microspheres 1109:1120 microspheres 1109:1120 microspheres 1109:1120 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 3 31 theme chitosan/alginate 435:451 arg1 hydrogels 453:461 chitosan/alginate hydrogels 435:461 chitosan/alginate hydrogels 435:461 To overcome these problems, the feasibility of chitosan/alginate hydrogels as prolonged delivery systems of DFO was investigated. 26572479 1 32 theme iron 205:208 arg1 diseases 224:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 Recently, the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases has been highlighted. 26572479 0 33 theme controlled 41:50 arg1 release 52:58 controlled release 41:58 controlled release of deferoxamine 41:74 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 5 34 theme controlled 721:730 arg1 release 736:742 controlled DFO release 721:742 controlled DFO release 721:742 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 1 35 theme dysregulation 210:222 arg1 diseases 224:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 several iron dysregulation diseases 197:231 Recently, the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases has been highlighted. 26572479 0 36 theme deferoxamine 63:74 arg1 release 52:58 controlled release 41:58 controlled release of deferoxamine 41:74 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 3 37 theme prolonged 466:474 arg1 systems 485:491 prolonged delivery systems 466:491 prolonged delivery systems of DFO 466:498 To overcome these problems, the feasibility of chitosan/alginate hydrogels as prolonged delivery systems of DFO was investigated. 26572479 2 38 attach presents 268:275 arg2 DFO 264:266 DFO 264:266 DFO 264:266 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 2 38 attach presents 268:275 arg1 use 313:315 clinical use 304:315 clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life 304:385 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 6 39 theme Spray-dried 758:768 arg1 microspheres 770:781 Spray-dried microspheres 758:781 Spray-dried microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 758:821 Spray-dried microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were able to encapsulate DFO, a highly water soluble drug. 26572479 3 40 theme DFO 496:498 arg1 systems 485:491 prolonged delivery systems 466:491 prolonged delivery systems of DFO 466:498 To overcome these problems, the feasibility of chitosan/alginate hydrogels as prolonged delivery systems of DFO was investigated. 26572479 8 41 theme chitosan/alginate 1014:1030 arg1 hydrogel 1032:1039 pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel 1003:1039 pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel 1003:1039 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 2 42 from half-life 377:385 arg1 gut 351:353 the gut 347:353 the gut 347:353 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 2 43 theme poor 328:331 arg1 absorption 333:342 its poor absorption 324:342 its poor absorption in the gut 324:353 However, DFO presents significant limitations in clinical use due to its poor absorption in the gut and very short plasma half-life. 26572479 7 44 theme composite 905:913 arg1 hydrogels 915:923 only the composite hydrogels 896:923 only the composite hydrogels 896:923 Nevertheless, only the composite hydrogels managed to provide sustained drug release. 26572479 5 45 from performance 683:693 arg1 release 736:742 controlled DFO release 721:742 controlled DFO release 721:742 The influence of the preparation methods on the performance of composite hydrogels on controlled DFO release was explored. 26572479 0 46 dep hydrogel 28:35 arg1 system 79:84 A system 77:84 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 0:134 Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. 26572479 3 47 theme delivery 476:483 arg1 systems 485:491 prolonged delivery systems 466:491 prolonged delivery systems of DFO 466:498 To overcome these problems, the feasibility of chitosan/alginate hydrogels as prolonged delivery systems of DFO was investigated. 26572479 8 48 theme hydrogel 1151:1158 arg1 network 1160:1166 the hydrogel network 1147:1166 the hydrogel network 1147:1166 The inclusion of microspheres into pre-formed chitosan/alginate hydrogel provided the most efficient delivery system; the drug released from microspheres is strongly entrapped in the hydrogel network and slowly released by diffusion. 26572479 3 49 theme hydrogels 453:461 arg1 feasibility 420:430 the feasibility 416:430 the feasibility of chitosan/alginate hydrogels as prolonged delivery systems of DFO 416:498 To overcome these problems, the feasibility of chitosan/alginate hydrogels as prolonged delivery systems of DFO was investigated. 26572479 1 50 theme potential 150:158 arg1 application 160:170 the potential application 146:170 the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases 146:231 Recently, the potential application of deferoxamine (DFO) in several iron dysregulation diseases has been highlighted. 28504174 4 0 contain had 618:620 arg1 papain 611:616 The immobilized papain 595:616 The immobilized papain 595:616 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 4 0 contain had 618:620 arg2 activity 630:637 maximum activity 622:637 maximum activity 622:637 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 1 1 theme polyvinyl 198:206 arg1 alcohol 208:214 polyvinyl alcohol 198:214 polyvinyl alcohol 198:214 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 1 2 theme freeze-thaw 300:310 arg1 cycles 312:317 repeated freeze-thaw cycles 291:317 repeated freeze-thaw cycles 291:317 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 0 3 theme papain 106:111 arg1 immobilization 113:126 papain immobilization 106:126 papain immobilization 106:126 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 6 4 theme initial 968:974 arg1 activity 976:983 its initial activity 964:983 its initial activity 964:983 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 7 5 theme free 1142:1145 arg1 papain 1147:1152 the free papain 1138:1152 the free papain 1138:1152 After 10days of storage, 79% of the initial activity was retained for the immobilized papain while only 27% for the free papain. 28504174 2 6 theme efficient 407:415 arg1 carrier 439:445 an efficient papain immobilization carrier 404:445 an efficient papain immobilization carrier 404:445 The experiment was optimized to obtain an efficient papain immobilization carrier. 28504174 1 7 theme cycles 312:317 arg1 method 281:286 an eco-friendly method 265:286 an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization 265:362 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 5 8 theme free 807:810 arg1 papain 812:817 the free papain 803:817 the free papain 803:817 Compared with the free papain, the immobilized papain revealed enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability. 28504174 6 9 theme free 995:998 arg1 papain 1000:1005 the free papain 991:1005 the free papain 991:1005 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 2 10 theme papain 417:422 arg1 carrier 439:445 an efficient papain immobilization carrier 404:445 an efficient papain immobilization carrier 404:445 The experiment was optimized to obtain an efficient papain immobilization carrier. 28504174 4 11 from pH 771:772 arg1 range 760:764 a narrow range 751:764 a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5 751:786 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 6 12 from 80°C 919:922 arg1 incubation 905:914 2h incubation 902:914 2h incubation at 80°C 902:922 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 5 13 theme storage 877:883 arg1 stability 885:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 Compared with the free papain, the immobilized papain revealed enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability. 28504174 4 14 theme 40°C 670:673 arg1 temperature 655:665 low reaction temperature 642:665 low reaction temperature of 40°C 642:673 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 5 15 theme pH 861:862 arg1 stability 885:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 Compared with the free papain, the immobilized papain revealed enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability. 28504174 3 16 theme immobilization 467:480 arg1 pH 526:527 pH 526:527 pH 526:527 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 3 16 theme immobilization 467:480 arg1 concentration 542:554 crosslinker concentration 530:554 crosslinker concentration 530:554 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 3 16 theme immobilization 467:480 arg1 time 574:577 cross-linking time 560:577 cross-linking time 560:577 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 3 16 theme immobilization 467:480 arg1 concentration 511:523 enzyme concentration 504:523 enzyme concentration 504:523 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 3 16 theme immobilization 467:480 arg1 conditions 482:491 the immobilization conditions 463:491 the immobilization conditions 463:491 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 1 17 theme mesoporous 220:229 arg1 silica 231:236 mesoporous silica SBA-15 220:243 mesoporous silica SBA-15 220:243 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 0 18 theme peel 10:13 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 5 19 theme enhanced 852:859 arg1 stability 885:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 Compared with the free papain, the immobilized papain revealed enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability. 28504174 0 20 theme Pineapple 0:8 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 1 21 theme Hydrogel 129:136 arg1 composites 138:147 Hydrogel composites 129:147 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 129:243 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 0 22 theme cellulose/polyvinyl 29:47 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 4 23 theme reaction 646:653 arg1 temperature 655:665 low reaction temperature 642:665 low reaction temperature of 40°C 642:673 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 4 24 theme activity 735:742 arg1 decrease 723:730 a rapid decrease 715:730 a rapid decrease of activity 715:742 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 0 25 theme carboxymethyl 15:27 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 1 26 theme papain 342:347 arg1 immobilization 349:362 papain immobilization 342:362 papain immobilization 342:362 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 7 27 theme immobilized 1100:1110 arg1 papain 1112:1117 the immobilized papain 1096:1117 the immobilized papain 1096:1117 After 10days of storage, 79% of the initial activity was retained for the immobilized papain while only 27% for the free papain. 28504174 6 28 theme activity 976:983 arg1 % 959:959 56% 957:959 56% of its initial activity 957:983 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 6 28 theme activity 976:983 arg1 activity 976:983 its initial activity 964:983 its initial activity 964:983 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 3 29 theme cross-linking 560:572 arg1 time 574:577 cross-linking time 560:577 cross-linking time 560:577 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 0 30 theme silica 68:73 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 1 31 theme immobilization 349:362 arg1 application 327:337 the application 323:337 the application of papain immobilization 323:362 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 6 32 theme immobilized 929:939 arg1 papain 941:946 the immobilized papain 925:946 the immobilized papain 925:946 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 3 33 theme crosslinker 530:540 arg1 concentration 542:554 crosslinker concentration 530:554 crosslinker concentration 530:554 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 0 34 theme alcohol/mesoporous 49:66 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 3 35 theme enzyme 504:509 arg1 concentration 511:523 enzyme concentration 504:523 enzyme concentration 504:523 Simultaneously the immobilization conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH, crosslinker concentration and cross-linking time were optimized. 28504174 0 36 theme hydrogel 82:89 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 4 37 theme maximum 622:628 arg1 activity 630:637 maximum activity 622:637 maximum activity 622:637 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 7 38 theme activity 1070:1077 arg1 activity 1070:1077 the initial activity 1058:1077 the initial activity 1058:1077 After 10days of storage, 79% of the initial activity was retained for the immobilized papain while only 27% for the free papain. 28504174 7 38 theme activity 1070:1077 arg1 % 1053:1053 79% 1051:1053 79% of the initial activity 1051:1077 After 10days of storage, 79% of the initial activity was retained for the immobilized papain while only 27% for the free papain. 28504174 0 39 theme SBA-15 75:80 arg1 composites 91:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites 0:100 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 0:127 Pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/mesoporous silica SBA-15 hydrogel composites for papain immobilization. 28504174 4 40 theme low 642:644 arg1 temperature 655:665 low reaction temperature 642:665 low reaction temperature of 40°C 642:673 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 1 41 theme pineapple 158:166 arg1 cellulose 187:195 pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose 158:195 pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose 158:195 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 1 42 theme peel 168:171 arg1 cellulose 187:195 pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose 158:195 pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose 158:195 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 1 43 theme eco-friendly 268:279 arg1 method 281:286 an eco-friendly method 265:286 an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization 265:362 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 7 44 theme initial 1062:1068 arg1 activity 1070:1077 the initial activity 1058:1077 the initial activity 1058:1077 After 10days of storage, 79% of the initial activity was retained for the immobilized papain while only 27% for the free papain. 28504174 1 45 theme carboxymethyl 173:185 arg1 cellulose 187:195 pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose 158:195 pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose 158:195 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 28504174 5 46 theme immobilized 824:834 arg1 papain 836:841 the immobilized papain 820:841 the immobilized papain 820:841 Compared with the free papain, the immobilized papain revealed enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability. 28504174 6 47 theme 2h 902:903 arg1 incubation 905:914 2h incubation 902:914 2h incubation at 80°C 902:922 After 2h incubation at 80°C, the immobilized papain retained 56% of its initial activity while the free papain only retained 16%. 28504174 7 48 theme storage 1042:1048 arg1 10days 1032:1037 10days 1032:1037 10days of storage 1032:1048 After 10days of storage, 79% of the initial activity was retained for the immobilized papain while only 27% for the free papain. 28504174 4 49 theme narrow 753:758 arg1 range 760:764 a narrow range 751:764 a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5 751:786 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 5 50 theme thermal 865:871 arg1 stability 885:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability 852:893 Compared with the free papain, the immobilized papain revealed enhanced pH, thermal and storage stability. 28504174 4 51 theme immobilized 599:609 arg1 papain 611:616 The immobilized papain 595:616 The immobilized papain 595:616 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 4 52 theme rapid 717:721 arg1 decrease 723:730 a rapid decrease 715:730 a rapid decrease of activity 715:742 The immobilized papain had maximum activity at low reaction temperature of 40°C and showed pH-sensitivity by exhibiting a rapid decrease of activity within a narrow range from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. 28504174 2 53 theme immobilization 424:437 arg1 carrier 439:445 an efficient papain immobilization carrier 404:445 an efficient papain immobilization carrier 404:445 The experiment was optimized to obtain an efficient papain immobilization carrier. 28504174 1 54 theme repeated 291:298 arg1 cycles 312:317 repeated freeze-thaw cycles 291:317 repeated freeze-thaw cycles 291:317 Hydrogel composites based on pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and mesoporous silica SBA-15 were synthesized by an eco-friendly method of repeated freeze-thaw cycles for the application of papain immobilization. 27178902 0 0 theme chondroitin 95:105 arg1 sulfate 107:113 fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 83:113 fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 83:113 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 4 1 theme similar 655:661 arg1 ratio 669:673 similar molar ratio 655:673 similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg 655:736 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 7 2 theme hepatic 1118:1124 arg1 synthesis 1135:1143 hepatic glycogen synthesis 1118:1143 hepatic glycogen synthesis 1118:1143 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 8 3 theme low 1265:1267 arg1 LDL 1290:1292 LDL 1290:1292 LDL 1290:1292 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 8 3 theme low 1265:1267 arg1 lipoprotein 1277:1287 low density lipoprotein 1265:1287 low density lipoprotein (LDL) 1265:1293 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 0 4 theme fucosylated 83:93 arg1 sulfate 107:113 fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 83:113 fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 83:113 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 7 5 theme glycogen 1126:1133 arg1 synthesis 1135:1143 hepatic glycogen synthesis 1118:1143 hepatic glycogen synthesis 1118:1143 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 4 6 theme molar 663:667 arg1 ratio 669:673 similar molar ratio 655:673 similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg 655:736 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 1 7 theme sulfated 265:272 arg1 branches 281:288 sulfated fucose branches 265:288 sulfated fucose branches 265:288 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 5 8 theme sulfation 767:775 arg1 patterns 777:784 different sulfation patterns 757:784 different sulfation patterns 757:784 The two fCSs have different sulfation patterns on their fucose branches, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation while fCS-Ib with 2,4-O-disulfation. 27178902 1 9 theme fucose 274:279 arg1 branches 281:288 sulfated fucose branches 265:288 sulfated fucose branches 265:288 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 0 10 theme sulfate 107:113 arg1 activities 69:78 the anti-hyperlipidemic activities 45:78 the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 45:113 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 4 11 with ratio 669:673 arg1 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 680:694 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 680:694 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 680:694 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 4 11 with ratio 669:673 arg1 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 711:725 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 711:725 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 711:725 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 2 12 theme biological 295:304 arg1 properties 306:315 The biological properties 291:315 The biological properties of fCSs 291:323 The biological properties of fCSs could be affected by the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches. 27178902 6 13 theme mice 982:985 arg1 model 987:991 a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model 932:991 a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model 932:991 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 7 14 contain had 1017:1019 arg1 fCS-Pg 1010:1015 fCS-Pg 1010:1015 fCS-Pg 1010:1015 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 7 14 contain had 1017:1019 arg2 effects 1033:1039 significant effects 1021:1039 significant effects 1021:1039 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 7 14 contain had 1017:1019 arg1 fCS-Ib 999:1004 fCS-Ib 999:1004 fCS-Ib 999:1004 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 6 15 theme antihyperlipidemic 885:902 arg1 effects 904:910 Their antihyperlipidemic effects 879:910 Their antihyperlipidemic effects 879:910 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 7 16 theme blood 1089:1093 arg1 diminution 1103:1112 blood glucose diminution 1089:1112 blood glucose diminution 1089:1112 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 0 17 gly fucosylated 83:93 arg1 sulfate 107:113 fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 83:113 fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 83:113 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 1 18 theme sea 194:196 arg1 cucumbers 198:206 sea cucumbers 194:206 sea cucumbers 194:206 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 8 19 theme 3,4-O-disulfation 1172:1188 arg1 branches 1197:1204 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches 1172:1204 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches 1172:1204 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 8 20 from reduction 1228:1236 arg1 effective 1215:1223 effective 1215:1223 effective 1215:1223 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 7 21 theme glucose 1095:1101 arg1 diminution 1103:1112 blood glucose diminution 1089:1112 blood glucose diminution 1089:1112 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 6 22 theme high-fructose 943:955 arg1 diet 957:960 high-fat high-fructose diet 934:960 high-fat high-fructose diet 934:960 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 3 23 attach isolated 430:437 arg2 fCSs 420:423 two fCSs 416:423 two fCSs 416:423 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 3 23 attach isolated 430:437 arg1 cucumbers 448:456 sea cucumbers 444:456 sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg) 444:526 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 9 24 theme anti-hyperlipidemic 1408:1426 arg1 drug 1428:1431 a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug 1396:1431 a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug 1396:1431 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 9 24 theme anti-hyperlipidemic 1408:1426 arg1 fCSs 1354:1357 both fCSs 1349:1357 both fCSs 1349:1357 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 0 25 theme Sulfation 0:8 arg1 pattern 10:16 Sulfation pattern 0:16 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches 0:35 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 6 26 theme C57BL/6J 973:980 arg1 model 987:991 a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model 932:991 a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model 932:991 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 6 27 dep -fed 968:971 arg1 diet 957:960 high-fat high-fructose diet 934:960 high-fat high-fructose diet 934:960 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 2 28 theme branches 384:391 arg1 pattern 360:366 the sulfation pattern 346:366 the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches 346:391 The biological properties of fCSs could be affected by the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches. 27178902 0 29 theme fucose 21:26 arg1 branches 28:35 fucose branches 21:35 fucose branches 21:35 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 6 30 theme -fed 968:971 arg1 model 987:991 a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model 932:991 a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model 932:991 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 8 31 with fCS-Pg 1160:1165 arg1 branches 1197:1204 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches 1172:1204 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches 1172:1204 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 2 32 theme fCSs 320:323 arg1 properties 306:315 The biological properties 291:315 The biological properties of fCSs 291:323 The biological properties of fCSs could be affected by the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches. 27178902 4 33 theme fucose 622:627 arg1 compositions 550:561 Their monosaccharide compositions 529:561 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate 529:645 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 4 34 theme acid 577:580 arg1 compositions 550:561 Their monosaccharide compositions 529:561 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate 529:645 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 7 35 theme liver 1071:1075 arg1 protection 1077:1086 liver protection 1071:1086 liver protection 1071:1086 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 1 36 theme chondroitin 128:138 arg1 fCSs 150:153 fCSs 150:153 fCSs 150:153 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 36 theme chondroitin 128:138 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 160:177 glycosaminoglycans 160:177 glycosaminoglycans 160:177 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 36 theme chondroitin 128:138 arg1 sulfates 140:147 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates 116:147 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) 116:154 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 37 theme chondroitin 223:233 arg1 CSE 246:248 CSE 246:248 CSE 246:248 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 37 theme chondroitin 223:233 arg1 E 243:243 chondroitin sulfate E 223:243 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones 223:259 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 4 38 theme glucuronic 566:575 arg1 GlcA 583:586 GlcA 583:586 GlcA 583:586 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 4 38 theme glucuronic 566:575 arg1 acid 577:580 glucuronic acid 566:580 glucuronic acid (GlcA) 566:587 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 3 39 theme sea 444:446 arg1 cucumbers 448:456 sea cucumbers 444:456 sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg) 444:526 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 8 40 theme index 1311:1315 arg1 reduction 1228:1236 reduction 1228:1236 reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI) 1228:1320 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 4 41 theme sulfate 639:645 arg1 compositions 550:561 Their monosaccharide compositions 529:561 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate 529:645 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 1 42 theme sulfate 235:241 arg1 CSE 246:248 CSE 246:248 CSE 246:248 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 42 theme sulfate 235:241 arg1 E 243:243 chondroitin sulfate E 223:243 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones 223:259 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 0 43 theme branches 28:35 arg1 pattern 10:16 Sulfation pattern 0:16 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches 0:35 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 5 44 theme different 757:765 arg1 patterns 777:784 different sulfation patterns 757:784 different sulfation patterns 757:784 The two fCSs have different sulfation patterns on their fucose branches, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation while fCS-Ib with 2,4-O-disulfation. 27178902 8 45 theme lipoprotein 1277:1287 arg1 reduction 1228:1236 reduction 1228:1236 reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI) 1228:1320 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 5 46 theme fucose 795:800 arg1 branches 802:809 their fucose branches 789:809 their fucose branches 789:809 The two fCSs have different sulfation patterns on their fucose branches, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation while fCS-Ib with 2,4-O-disulfation. 27178902 1 47 theme E 243:243 arg1 backbones 251:259 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones 223:259 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones 223:259 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 0 48 theme anti-hyperlipidemic 49:67 arg1 activities 69:78 the anti-hyperlipidemic activities 45:78 the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate 45:113 Sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. 27178902 9 49 theme potential 1398:1406 arg1 drug 1428:1431 a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug 1396:1431 a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug 1396:1431 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 9 49 theme potential 1398:1406 arg1 fCSs 1354:1357 both fCSs 1349:1357 both fCSs 1349:1357 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 9 50 used used 1388:1391 arg2 fCSs 1354:1357 both fCSs 1349:1357 both fCSs 1349:1357 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 9 50 used used 1388:1391 arg2 drug 1428:1431 a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug 1396:1431 a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug 1396:1431 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 9 50 used used 1388:1391 arg2 fCS-Pg 1371:1376 fCS-Pg 1371:1376 especially fCS-Pg 1360:1376 Our results indicate that both fCSs, especially fCS-Pg, could be used as a potential anti-hyperlipidemic drug. 27178902 2 51 theme sulfation 350:358 arg1 pattern 360:366 the sulfation pattern 346:366 the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches 346:391 The biological properties of fCSs could be affected by the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches. 27178902 4 52 theme monosaccharide 535:548 arg1 compositions 550:561 Their monosaccharide compositions 529:561 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate 529:645 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 7 53 theme lipid 1044:1048 arg1 profile 1050:1056 lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis 1044:1143 profile 1050:1056 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 6 54 theme high-fat 934:941 arg1 diet 957:960 high-fat high-fructose diet 934:960 high-fat high-fructose diet 934:960 Their antihyperlipidemic effects were compared using a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice model. 27178902 7 55 theme significant 1021:1031 arg1 effects 1033:1039 significant effects 1021:1039 significant effects 1021:1039 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 1 56 theme Fucosylated 116:126 arg1 fCSs 150:153 fCSs 150:153 fCSs 150:153 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 56 theme Fucosylated 116:126 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 160:177 glycosaminoglycans 160:177 glycosaminoglycans 160:177 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 1 56 theme Fucosylated 116:126 arg1 sulfates 140:147 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates 116:147 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) 116:154 Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fCSs) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. 27178902 8 57 theme density 1269:1275 arg1 LDL 1290:1292 LDL 1290:1292 LDL 1290:1292 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 8 57 theme density 1269:1275 arg1 lipoprotein 1277:1287 low density lipoprotein 1265:1287 low density lipoprotein (LDL) 1265:1293 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 5 58 with fCS-Ib 848:853 arg1 2,4-O-disulfation 860:876 2,4-O-disulfation 860:876 2,4-O-disulfation 860:876 The two fCSs have different sulfation patterns on their fucose branches, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation while fCS-Ib with 2,4-O-disulfation. 27178902 3 59 dep cucumbers 448:456 arg1 graeffei 510:517 Pearsonothuria graeffei 495:517 Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg) 495:526 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 3 59 dep cucumbers 448:456 arg1 fCS-Pg 520:525 fCS-Pg 520:525 fCS-Pg 520:525 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 3 59 dep cucumbers 448:456 arg1 fCS-Ib 483:488 fCS-Ib 483:488 fCS-Ib 483:488 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 3 59 dep cucumbers 448:456 arg1 badionotus 471:480 Isostichopus badionotus 458:480 Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) 458:489 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 8 60 theme blood 1241:1245 arg1 TC 1260:1261 TC 1260:1261 TC 1260:1261 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 8 60 theme blood 1241:1245 arg1 cholesterol 1247:1257 blood cholesterol 1241:1257 blood cholesterol (TC) 1241:1262 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 4 61 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 590:610 arg1 compositions 550:561 Their monosaccharide compositions 529:561 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate 529:645 Their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (GlcA), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sulfate were at similar molar ratio with 1.0/0.7/0.9/3.1 for fCS-Ib and 1.0/0.8/1.5/2.6 for fCS-Pg. 27178902 7 62 dep profile 1050:1056 arg1 improvement 1058:1068 improvement 1058:1068 improvement 1058:1068 Both fCS-Ib and fCS-Pg had significant effects on lipid profile improvement, liver protection, blood glucose diminution and hepatic glycogen synthesis. 27178902 5 63 contain have 752:755 arg2 patterns 777:784 different sulfation patterns 757:784 different sulfation patterns 757:784 The two fCSs have different sulfation patterns on their fucose branches, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation while fCS-Ib with 2,4-O-disulfation. 27178902 5 63 contain have 752:755 arg1 fCSs 747:750 The two fCSs 739:750 The two fCSs 739:750 The two fCSs have different sulfation patterns on their fucose branches, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation while fCS-Ib with 2,4-O-disulfation. 27178902 8 64 theme fucose 1190:1195 arg1 branches 1197:1204 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches 1172:1204 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches 1172:1204 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 2 65 theme fucose 377:382 arg1 branches 384:391 their fucose branches 371:391 their fucose branches 371:391 The biological properties of fCSs could be affected by the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches. 27178902 8 66 theme cholesterol 1247:1257 arg1 reduction 1228:1236 reduction 1228:1236 reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI) 1228:1320 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 3 67 theme present 401:407 arg1 study 409:413 the present study 397:413 the present study 397:413 In the present study, two fCSs were isolated from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) and Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg). 27178902 8 68 from effective 1215:1223 arg1 reduction 1228:1236 reduction 1228:1236 reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI) 1228:1320 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 8 69 theme atherogenic 1299:1309 arg1 index 1311:1315 atherogenic index 1299:1315 atherogenic index (AI) 1299:1320 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27178902 8 69 theme atherogenic 1299:1309 arg1 AI 1318:1319 AI 1318:1319 AI 1318:1319 Specifically, fCS-Pg with 3,4-O-disulfation fucose branches was more effective in reduction of blood cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI). 27474662 0 0 theme anionic 115:121 arg1 dyes 123:126 cationic and anionic dyes 102:126 cationic and anionic dyes 102:126 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 1 theme dye 396:398 arg1 NC 413:414 NC 413:414 NC 413:414 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 1 theme dye 396:398 arg1 coccine 404:410 anionic dye new coccine 388:410 anionic dye new coccine (NC) 388:415 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 2 theme anionic 388:394 arg1 NC 413:414 NC 413:414 NC 413:414 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 2 theme anionic 388:394 arg1 coccine 404:410 anionic dye new coccine 388:410 anionic dye new coccine (NC) 388:415 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 0 3 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 adsorption 88:97 adsorption 88:97 adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 88:148 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 0 4 theme dyes 123:126 arg1 adsorption 88:97 adsorption 88:97 adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 88:148 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 7 5 theme reused 930:935 arg1 times 943:947 reused three times 930:947 reused three times 930:947 It can keep almost 98% of the adsorption capacity after reused three times. 27474662 8 6 theme cationic 1027:1034 arg1 dyes 1048:1051 cationic and anionic dyes 1027:1051 cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents 1027:1075 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 1 7 theme nanofibrillated 206:220 arg1 composites 241:250 nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 206:250 nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 206:250 A multi-functional adsorbent was prepared by modifying nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites with ethylenediamine (E-NFC/CS). 27474662 0 8 theme aqueous 133:139 arg1 solution 141:148 aqueous solution 133:148 aqueous solution 133:148 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 6 9 theme adsorption 843:852 arg1 performance 854:864 excellent adsorption performance 833:864 excellent adsorption performance for NC 833:871 In addition, the regenerated E-NFC/CS exhibited excellent adsorption performance for NC. 27474662 1 10 theme cellulose/chitosan 222:239 arg1 composites 241:250 nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 206:250 nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 206:250 A multi-functional adsorbent was prepared by modifying nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites with ethylenediamine (E-NFC/CS). 27474662 8 11 theme anionic 1040:1046 arg1 dyes 1048:1051 cationic and anionic dyes 1027:1051 cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents 1027:1075 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 2 12 theme blue 374:377 arg1 methylene 364:372 methylene blue 364:377 methylene blue (MB) 364:382 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 12 theme blue 374:377 arg1 MB 380:381 MB 380:381 MB 380:381 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 3 13 theme FTIR 444:447 arg1 results 449:455 The FTIR results 440:455 The FTIR results 440:455 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 6 14 theme excellent 833:841 arg1 performance 854:864 excellent adsorption performance 833:864 excellent adsorption performance for NC 833:871 In addition, the regenerated E-NFC/CS exhibited excellent adsorption performance for NC. 27474662 0 15 theme nanofibrillated 39:53 arg1 composites 74:83 ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 14:83 ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 14:83 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 8 16 theme industrial 1056:1065 arg1 effluents 1067:1075 industrial effluents 1056:1075 industrial effluents 1056:1075 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 7 17 theme adsorption 904:913 arg1 capacity 915:922 the adsorption capacity 900:922 the adsorption capacity 900:922 It can keep almost 98% of the adsorption capacity after reused three times. 27474662 2 18 theme dye 360:362 arg1 adsorption 337:346 adsorption 337:346 adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution 337:437 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 8 19 used used 993:996 arg2 adsorbent 1014:1022 adsorbent 1014:1022 adsorbent 1014:1022 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 8 19 used used 993:996 arg2 E-NFC/CS 965:972 the E-NFC/CS 961:972 the E-NFC/CS 961:972 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 0 20 theme ethylenediamine-modified 14:37 arg1 composites 74:83 ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 14:83 ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 14:83 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 8 21 theme dyes 1048:1051 arg1 adsorbent 1014:1022 adsorbent 1014:1022 adsorbent 1014:1022 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 8 21 theme dyes 1048:1051 arg1 E-NFC/CS 965:972 the E-NFC/CS 961:972 the E-NFC/CS 961:972 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 27474662 2 22 theme cationic 351:358 arg1 dye 360:362 cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) 351:415 dye 360:362 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 3 23 theme more 492:495 arg1 groups 503:508 more amino groups 492:508 more amino groups 492:508 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 0 24 theme composites 74:83 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 0:149 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 5 25 theme adsorption 711:720 arg1 time 734:737 The adsorption equilibrium time 707:737 The adsorption equilibrium time for MB and NC 707:751 The adsorption equilibrium time for MB and NC was 30 and 50min, respectively. 27474662 5 25 theme adsorption 711:720 arg1 30 757:758 30 757:758 30 757:758 The adsorption equilibrium time for MB and NC was 30 and 50min, respectively. 27474662 0 26 theme cellulose/chitosan 55:72 arg1 composites 74:83 ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 14:83 ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites 14:83 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 5 27 theme equilibrium 722:732 arg1 time 734:737 The adsorption equilibrium time 707:737 The adsorption equilibrium time for MB and NC 707:751 The adsorption equilibrium time for MB and NC was 30 and 50min, respectively. 27474662 5 27 theme equilibrium 722:732 arg1 30 757:758 30 757:758 30 757:758 The adsorption equilibrium time for MB and NC was 30 and 50min, respectively. 27474662 2 28 theme aqueous 422:428 arg1 solution 430:437 aqueous solution 422:437 aqueous solution 422:437 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 3 29 contain contained 482:490 arg1 E-NFC/CS 473:480 the E-NFC/CS 469:480 the E-NFC/CS 469:480 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 3 29 contain contained 482:490 arg2 groups 503:508 more amino groups 492:508 more amino groups 492:508 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 2 30 dep dye 360:362 arg1 methylene 364:372 methylene blue 364:377 methylene blue (MB) 364:382 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 30 dep dye 360:362 arg1 MB 380:381 MB 380:381 MB 380:381 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 3 31 with NFC/CS 558:563 arg1 ethylenediamine 570:584 ethylenediamine 570:584 ethylenediamine 570:584 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 0 32 from solution 141:148 arg1 adsorption 88:97 adsorption 88:97 adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 88:148 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 3 33 theme due 526:528 arg1 NFC/CS 519:524 the NFC/CS 515:524 the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine 515:584 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 7 34 theme capacity 915:922 arg1 capacity 915:922 the adsorption capacity 900:922 the adsorption capacity 900:922 It can keep almost 98% of the adsorption capacity after reused three times. 27474662 7 34 theme capacity 915:922 arg1 % 895:895 almost 98% 886:895 almost 98% of the adsorption capacity 886:922 It can keep almost 98% of the adsorption capacity after reused three times. 27474662 3 35 theme amino 497:501 arg1 groups 503:508 more amino groups 492:508 more amino groups 492:508 The FTIR results showed that the E-NFC/CS contained more amino groups than the NFC/CS due to the modification for the NFC/CS with ethylenediamine. 27474662 4 36 theme adsorption 626:635 arg1 capacities 637:646 the maximum adsorption capacities 614:646 the maximum adsorption capacities 614:646 The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities occurred at pH 4.0 for MB and pH 2.0 for NC, respectively. 27474662 2 37 from solution 430:437 arg1 adsorption 337:346 adsorption 337:346 adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution 337:437 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 4 38 theme maximum 618:624 arg1 capacities 637:646 the maximum adsorption capacities 614:646 the maximum adsorption capacities 614:646 The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities occurred at pH 4.0 for MB and pH 2.0 for NC, respectively. 27474662 0 39 theme cationic 102:109 arg1 dyes 123:126 cationic and anionic dyes 102:126 cationic and anionic dyes 102:126 Evaluation of ethylenediamine-modified nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan composites on adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27474662 6 40 theme regenerated 802:812 arg1 E-NFC/CS 814:821 the regenerated E-NFC/CS 798:821 the regenerated E-NFC/CS 798:821 In addition, the regenerated E-NFC/CS exhibited excellent adsorption performance for NC. 27474662 2 41 theme coccine 404:410 arg1 adsorption 337:346 adsorption 337:346 adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution 337:437 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 42 theme new 400:402 arg1 NC 413:414 NC 413:414 NC 413:414 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 42 theme new 400:402 arg1 coccine 404:410 anionic dye new coccine 388:410 anionic dye new coccine (NC) 388:415 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 2 43 used used 328:331 arg2 E-NFC/CS 289:296 The E-NFC/CS 285:296 The E-NFC/CS 285:296 The E-NFC/CS was characterized by FTIR and used for adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye new coccine (NC) from aqueous solution. 27474662 8 44 from dyes 1048:1051 arg1 effluents 1067:1075 industrial effluents 1056:1075 industrial effluents 1056:1075 Therefore, the E-NFC/CS can be potentially used as an effective adsorbent of cationic and anionic dyes in industrial effluents. 24268651 3 0 theme composite 448:456 arg1 films 458:462 amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films 416:462 amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films 416:462 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 4 1 from presence 630:637 arg1 films 670:674 the cast films 661:674 the cast films 661:674 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 1 2 theme metal 128:132 arg1 ions 134:137 metal ions 128:137 metal ions 128:137 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 5 3 dep films 785:789 arg1 Yellow 797:802 Basic Yellow 28 791:805 these films Basic Yellow 28 779:805 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 5 4 dep evaluate 739:746 arg1 to 736:737 to 736:737 to 736:737 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 6 5 dep isotherms 984:992 arg1 setting 1031:1037 setting 1031:1037 setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1031:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 6 5 dep isotherms 984:992 arg1 indicating 994:1003 indicating 994:1003 indicating an exothermic process 994:1025 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 2 6 used used 361:364 arg2 films 323:327 films 323:327 films based on amidated pectin 323:352 Its dye-capturing properties have been much less investigated, and this paper is the first to show how films based on amidated pectin can be used for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 7 7 theme maximum 1152:1158 arg1 capacity 1171:1178 the maximum adsorption capacity 1148:1178 the maximum adsorption capacity 1148:1178 According to the Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity is 571.4 mg/g. 24268651 7 7 theme maximum 1152:1158 arg1 mg/g 1189:1192 571.4 mg/g 1183:1192 571.4 mg/g 1183:1192 According to the Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity is 571.4 mg/g. 24268651 0 8 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 films 16:20 Novel composite films 0:20 Novel composite films 0:20 Novel composite films based on amidated pectin for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 1 9 theme ions 134:137 arg1 presence 116:123 the presence 112:123 the presence of metal ions 112:137 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 4 10 attach presence 630:637 arg1 films 670:674 the cast films 661:674 the cast films 661:674 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 4 10 attach presence 630:637 arg2 montmorillonite 642:656 montmorillonite 642:656 montmorillonite 642:656 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 6 11 theme optimum 1043:1049 arg1 montmorillonite 1061:1075 montmorillonite 1061:1075 montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1061:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 6 11 theme optimum 1043:1049 arg1 amount 1051:1056 the optimum amount 1039:1056 the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1039:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 4 12 from interactions 684:695 arg1 films 670:674 the cast films 661:674 the cast films 661:674 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 2 13 theme dye-capturing 224:236 arg1 properties 238:247 Its dye-capturing properties 220:247 Its dye-capturing properties 220:247 Its dye-capturing properties have been much less investigated, and this paper is the first to show how films based on amidated pectin can be used for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 6 14 theme exothermic 1008:1017 arg1 process 1019:1025 an exothermic process 1005:1025 an exothermic process 1005:1025 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 0 15 theme composite 6:14 arg1 films 16:20 Novel composite films 0:20 Novel composite films 0:20 Novel composite films based on amidated pectin for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 7 16 theme Langmuir 1130:1137 arg1 isotherm 1139:1146 the Langmuir isotherm 1126:1146 the Langmuir isotherm 1126:1146 According to the Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity is 571.4 mg/g. 24268651 5 17 theme adsorption 852:861 arg1 capacity 863:870 higher adsorption capacity 845:870 higher adsorption capacity 845:870 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 3 18 dep solution 533:540 arg1 both 542:545 both 542:545 both 542:545 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 2 19 theme cationic 370:377 arg1 adsorption 383:392 cationic dye adsorption 370:392 cationic dye adsorption 370:392 Its dye-capturing properties have been much less investigated, and this paper is the first to show how films based on amidated pectin can be used for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 1 20 from tendency 93:100 arg1 presence 116:123 the presence 112:123 the presence of metal ions 112:137 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 1 21 with Pectin 76:81 arg1 tendency 93:100 its tendency 89:100 its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions 89:137 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 6 22 from montmorillonite 1061:1075 arg1 films 1084:1088 the films 1080:1088 the films 1080:1088 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 5 23 theme dye 761:763 arg1 adsorption 765:774 the cationic dye adsorption 748:774 the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 748:805 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 6 24 theme montmorillonite 1061:1075 arg1 montmorillonite 1061:1075 montmorillonite 1061:1075 montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1061:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 6 24 theme montmorillonite 1061:1075 arg1 amount 1051:1056 the optimum amount 1039:1056 the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1039:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 3 25 from solution 533:540 arg1 stable 515:520 stable 515:520 stable 515:520 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 1 26 theme used 159:162 arg1 material 164:171 a widely used material 150:171 a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters 150:217 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 0 27 theme amidated 31:38 arg1 pectin 40:45 amidated pectin 31:45 amidated pectin for cationic dye adsorption 31:73 Novel composite films based on amidated pectin for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 4 28 theme montmorillonite 642:656 arg1 presence 630:637 the presence 626:637 the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films 626:674 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 4 28 theme montmorillonite 642:656 arg1 interactions 684:695 the interactions 680:695 the interactions between the two constituents 680:724 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 5 29 theme Basic 791:795 arg1 Yellow 797:802 Basic Yellow 28 791:805 these films Basic Yellow 28 779:805 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 1 30 from wastewaters 207:217 arg1 ions 197:200 the metal ions 187:200 the metal ions from wastewaters 187:217 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 5 31 theme cationic 752:759 arg1 adsorption 765:774 the cationic dye adsorption 748:774 the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 748:805 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 2 32 theme amidated 338:345 arg1 pectin 347:352 amidated pectin 338:352 amidated pectin 338:352 Its dye-capturing properties have been much less investigated, and this paper is the first to show how films based on amidated pectin can be used for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 5 33 contain have 840:843 arg1 films 834:838 the films 830:838 the films 830:838 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 5 33 contain have 840:843 arg2 capacity 863:870 higher adsorption capacity 845:870 higher adsorption capacity 845:870 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 3 34 theme amidated 416:423 arg1 films 458:462 amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films 416:462 amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films 416:462 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 6 35 from films 1084:1088 arg1 montmorillonite 1061:1075 montmorillonite 1061:1075 montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1061:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 6 35 from films 1084:1088 arg1 amount 1051:1056 the optimum amount 1039:1056 the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 1039:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 3 36 theme aqueous 525:531 arg1 solution 533:540 aqueous solution 525:540 aqueous solution 525:540 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 3 37 theme pectin/montmorillonite 425:446 arg1 films 458:462 amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films 416:462 amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films 416:462 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 6 38 from amount 1051:1056 arg1 films 1084:1088 the films 1080:1088 the films 1080:1088 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 3 39 theme present 402:408 arg1 study 410:414 the present study 398:414 the present study 398:414 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 3 40 theme membrane 484:491 arg1 casting 493:499 membrane casting 484:499 membrane casting 484:499 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 3 41 theme pectin 563:568 arg1 pKa 570:572 pectin pKa 563:572 pectin pKa 563:572 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 5 42 theme higher 845:850 arg1 capacity 863:870 higher adsorption capacity 845:870 higher adsorption capacity 845:870 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 4 43 theme cast 665:668 arg1 films 670:674 the cast films 661:674 the cast films 661:674 FTIR, thermogravimetry and SEM-EDAX have confirmed the presence of montmorillonite in the cast films and the interactions between the two constituents. 24268651 0 44 theme dye 60:62 arg1 adsorption 64:73 cationic dye adsorption 51:73 cationic dye adsorption 51:73 Novel composite films based on amidated pectin for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 5 45 theme films 785:789 arg1 adsorption 765:774 the cationic dye adsorption 748:774 the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 748:805 In order to evaluate the cationic dye adsorption of these films Basic Yellow 28 was used, showing that the films have higher adsorption capacity compared to the others reported in the literature. 24268651 6 46 theme mass 1107:1110 arg1 % 1095:1095 30% 1093:1095 30% of pectin mass 1093:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 6 46 theme mass 1107:1110 arg1 mass 1107:1110 pectin mass 1100:1110 pectin mass 1100:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 6 47 dep Freundlich 962:971 arg1 isotherms 984:992 isotherms 984:992 isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass 984:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 7 48 theme adsorption 1160:1169 arg1 capacity 1171:1178 the maximum adsorption capacity 1148:1178 the maximum adsorption capacity 1148:1178 According to the Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity is 571.4 mg/g. 24268651 7 48 theme adsorption 1160:1169 arg1 mg/g 1189:1192 571.4 mg/g 1183:1192 571.4 mg/g 1183:1192 According to the Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity is 571.4 mg/g. 24268651 3 49 from stable 515:520 arg1 solution 533:540 aqueous solution 525:540 aqueous solution 525:540 In the present study amidated pectin/montmorillonite composite films were synthesized by membrane casting, and they are stable in aqueous solution both below and above pectin pKa. 24268651 1 50 theme metal 191:195 arg1 ions 197:200 the metal ions 187:200 the metal ions from wastewaters 187:217 Pectin, with its tendency to gel in the presence of metal ions has become a widely used material for capturing the metal ions from wastewaters. 24268651 0 51 theme cationic 51:58 arg1 adsorption 64:73 cationic dye adsorption 51:73 cationic dye adsorption 51:73 Novel composite films based on amidated pectin for cationic dye adsorption. 24268651 6 52 theme pectin 1100:1105 arg1 mass 1107:1110 pectin mass 1100:1110 pectin mass 1100:1110 The results were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms indicating an exothermic process and setting the optimum amount of montmorillonite in the films to 30% of pectin mass. 24268651 2 53 theme dye 379:381 arg1 adsorption 383:392 cationic dye adsorption 370:392 cationic dye adsorption 370:392 Its dye-capturing properties have been much less investigated, and this paper is the first to show how films based on amidated pectin can be used for cationic dye adsorption. 25423718 2 0 theme composition 493:503 arg1 ratio 520:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio 484:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A 484:535 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 3 1 from fragment 718:725 arg1 chain 760:764 the main chain 751:764 the main chain 751:764 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 1 from fragment 718:725 arg1 residue 792:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 2 theme α-L-Rhap 730:737 arg1 residues 739:746 α-L-Rhap residues 730:746 α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 730:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 2 3 theme serological 354:364 arg1 characteristics 366:380 altered serological characteristics 346:380 altered serological characteristics of the bacteria 346:396 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 3 theme serological 354:364 arg1 heterogeneity 409:421 increased heterogeneity 399:421 increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 399:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 0 4 theme Azospirillum 69:80 arg1 lipoferum 82:90 Azospirillum lipoferum 69:90 Azospirillum lipoferum 69:90 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 4 5 theme determined 881:890 arg1 structure 892:900 the previously determined structure 866:900 the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin 866:973 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 2 6 theme altered 346:352 arg1 characteristics 366:380 altered serological characteristics 346:380 altered serological characteristics of the bacteria 346:396 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 6 theme altered 346:352 arg1 heterogeneity 409:421 increased heterogeneity 399:421 increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 399:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 1 7 theme bacterial 248:256 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 258:275 the bacterial lipopolysaccharide 244:275 the bacterial lipopolysaccharide 244:275 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 2 8 theme lipid 529:533 arg1 A 535:535 lipid A 529:535 lipid A 529:535 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 0 9 from [Effect 0:6 arg1 composition 29:39 the composition 25:39 the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum 25:90 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 2 10 gly heterogeneity 409:421 arg1 pool 464:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 5 11 theme structural 997:1006 arg1 composition 1008:1018 the structural composition 993:1018 the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin 993:1101 Modifications in the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin were revealed. 25423718 1 12 theme lipopolysaccharide 258:275 arg1 structure 231:239 the structure 227:239 the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide 227:275 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 3 13 theme residues 739:746 arg1 fragment 718:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment 695:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 695:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 14 from residue 792:798 arg1 fragment 718:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment 695:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 695:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 2 15 theme increased 399:407 arg1 characteristics 366:380 altered serological characteristics 346:380 altered serological characteristics of the bacteria 346:396 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 15 theme increased 399:407 arg1 heterogeneity 409:421 increased heterogeneity 399:421 increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 399:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 16 theme acid 515:518 arg1 ratio 520:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio 484:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A 484:535 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 0 17 from composition 29:39 arg1 lipoferum 82:90 Azospirillum lipoferum 69:90 Azospirillum lipoferum 69:90 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 0 18 dep Sp59b 92:96 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum 0:90 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 2 19 theme modified 484:491 arg1 ratio 520:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio 484:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A 484:535 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 3 20 from chain 760:764 arg1 fragment 718:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment 695:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 695:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 2 21 theme bacteria 389:396 arg1 characteristics 366:380 altered serological characteristics 346:380 altered serological characteristics of the bacteria 346:396 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 21 theme bacteria 389:396 arg1 heterogeneity 409:421 increased heterogeneity 399:421 increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 399:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 22 theme pool 464:467 arg1 characteristics 366:380 altered serological characteristics 346:380 altered serological characteristics of the bacteria 346:396 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 22 theme pool 464:467 arg1 heterogeneity 409:421 increased heterogeneity 399:421 increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 399:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 23 theme flavonoid 313:321 arg1 presence 297:304 the presence 293:304 the presence of the flavonoid 293:321 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 2 24 theme lipopolysaccharide 445:462 arg1 pool 464:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 1 25 theme flavonoid 183:191 arg1 quercetin 193:201 the flavonoid quercetin 179:201 the flavonoid quercetin 179:201 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 2 26 theme membrane 436:443 arg1 pool 464:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 4 27 theme bacteria 942:949 arg1 polysaccharide 918:931 the capsular polysaccharide 905:931 the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin 905:973 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 1 28 theme quercetin 193:201 arg1 presence 167:174 the presence 163:174 the presence of the flavonoid quercetin 163:201 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 3 29 theme main 755:758 arg1 chain 760:764 the main chain 751:764 the main chain 751:764 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 4 30 theme O-specific 823:832 arg1 polysaccharide 834:847 this O-specific polysaccharide 818:847 this O-specific polysaccharide 818:847 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 5 31 from Modifications 976:988 arg1 composition 1008:1018 the structural composition 993:1018 the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin 993:1101 Modifications in the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin were revealed. 25423718 3 32 theme β-D-Glcp 783:790 arg1 residue 792:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 2 33 theme A 535:535 arg1 ratio 520:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio 484:524 modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A 484:535 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 3 34 theme repeating 628:636 arg1 structure 638:646 the repeating structure 624:646 the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 624:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 35 from residues 739:746 arg1 chain 760:764 the main chain 751:764 the main chain 751:764 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 35 from residues 739:746 arg1 residue 792:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 36 theme terminal 774:781 arg1 residue 792:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 770:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 0 37 theme surface 44:50 arg1 glycopolymers 52:64 surface glycopolymers 44:64 surface glycopolymers 44:64 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 4 38 theme polysaccharide 918:931 arg1 structure 892:900 the previously determined structure 866:900 the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin 866:973 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 3 39 with polysaccharide 604:617 arg1 structure 638:646 the repeating structure 624:646 the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 624:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 3 40 theme linear 697:702 arg1 fragment 718:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment 695:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 695:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 4 41 theme capsular 909:916 arg1 polysaccharide 918:931 the capsular polysaccharide 905:931 the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin 905:973 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 4 42 theme polysaccharide 834:847 arg1 structure 805:813 The structure 801:813 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide 801:847 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 4 42 theme polysaccharide 834:847 arg1 identical 853:861 identical 853:861 identical 853:861 The structure of this O-specific polysaccharide was identical to the previously determined structure of the capsular polysaccharide of these bacteria grown without quercetin. 25423718 3 43 theme polysaccharide 604:617 arg1 synthesis 576:584 the synthesis 572:584 the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 572:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 5 44 theme quercetin 1093:1101 arg1 presence 1081:1088 the presence 1077:1088 the presence of quercetin 1077:1101 Modifications in the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin were revealed. 25423718 5 45 theme capsular 1027:1034 arg1 polysaccharide 1036:1049 the capsular polysaccharide 1023:1049 the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin 1023:1101 Modifications in the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin were revealed. 25423718 1 46 theme type 119:122 arg1 lipoferum 144:152 the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b 115:158 the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b 115:158 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 1 47 from Cultivation 100:110 arg1 presence 167:174 the presence 163:174 the presence of the flavonoid quercetin 163:201 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 5 48 theme polysaccharide 1036:1049 arg1 composition 1008:1018 the structural composition 993:1018 the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin 993:1101 Modifications in the structural composition of the capsular polysaccharide induced by cultivation in the presence of quercetin were revealed. 25423718 1 49 theme strain 124:129 arg1 lipoferum 144:152 the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b 115:158 the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b 115:158 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 2 50 theme fatty 509:513 arg1 acid 515:518 fatty acid 509:518 fatty acid 509:518 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 3 51 theme O-specific 593:602 arg1 polysaccharide 604:617 the O-specific polysaccharide 589:617 the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 589:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 2 52 theme outer 430:434 arg1 pool 464:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool 426:467 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 1 53 theme Azospirillum 131:142 arg1 lipoferum 144:152 the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b 115:158 the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b 115:158 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 2 54 from Cultivation 278:288 arg1 presence 297:304 the presence 293:304 the presence of the flavonoid 293:321 Cultivation in the presence of the flavonoid was shown to result in altered serological characteristics of the bacteria, increased heterogeneity of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide pool, as well as in modified composition and fatty acid ratio of lipid A. 25423718 1 55 theme structure 231:239 arg1 modification 211:222 modification 211:222 modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide 211:275 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 25423718 0 56 theme glycopolymers 52:64 arg1 composition 29:39 the composition 25:39 the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum 25:90 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 3 57 theme trisaccharide 704:716 arg1 fragment 718:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment 695:725 a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue 695:798 The flavonoid was shown to induce the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide with the repeating structure represented by a tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear trisaccharide fragment of α-L-Rhap residues in the main chain and the terminal β-D-Glcp residue. 25423718 0 58 theme flavonoids 11:20 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum 0:90 [Effect of flavonoids on the composition of surface glycopolymers in Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b]. 25423718 1 59 theme lipoferum 144:152 arg1 Cultivation 100:110 Cultivation 100:110 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin 100:201 Cultivation of the type strain Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b in the presence of the flavonoid quercetin induced modification of the structure of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 28916445 4 0 theme protein-solubilizing 862:881 arg1 power 883:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 8 1 theme electrophoresis-based 1541:1561 arg1 proteomics 1563:1572 two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics 1525:1572 two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics 1525:1572 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 3 2 theme compound 733:740 arg1 presence 695:702 the presence 691:702 the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound 691:740 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 1 3 theme white-rot 275:283 arg1 fungi 285:289 many white-rot fungi 270:289 many white-rot fungi 270:289 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 0 4 theme polysaccharide 76:89 arg1 sheath 91:96 polysaccharide sheath 76:96 polysaccharide sheath 76:96 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 4 5 theme high 857:860 arg1 power 883:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 2 6 theme fungal 358:363 arg1 hyphae 365:370 fungal hyphae 358:370 fungal hyphae 358:370 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 4 7 with solution 841:848 arg1 power 883:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 4 8 from subvermispora 963:975 arg1 extraction 918:927 the efficient extraction 904:927 the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath 904:996 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 7 9 theme gel 1419:1421 arg1 electrophoresis 1423:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 8 10 from fungi 1671:1675 arg1 composition 1601:1611 the composition 1597:1611 the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1597:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 8 10 from fungi 1671:1675 arg1 proteins 1630:1637 intracellular proteins 1616:1637 intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1616:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 3 11 theme easy 540:543 arg1 method 545:550 a rapid and easy method 528:550 a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath 528:586 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 0 12 from fungus 55:60 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus 0:60 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 3 13 link lignin-derived 709:722 arg1 compound 733:740 a lignin-derived aromatic compound 707:740 a lignin-derived aromatic compound 707:740 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 8 14 theme intracellular 1616:1628 arg1 proteins 1630:1637 intracellular proteins 1616:1637 intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1616:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 6 15 theme proteome 1310:1317 arg1 map 1319:1321 a high-resolution proteome map 1292:1321 a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora 1292:1341 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 6 16 from gel 1238:1240 arg1 dimension 1256:1264 the second dimension 1245:1264 the second dimension 1245:1264 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 3 17 theme rapid 530:534 arg1 method 545:550 a rapid and easy method 528:550 a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath 528:586 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 7 18 theme fluorescence 1379:1390 arg1 electrophoresis 1423:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 3 19 theme lignin-derived 709:722 arg1 compound 733:740 a lignin-derived aromatic compound 707:740 a lignin-derived aromatic compound 707:740 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 6 20 theme high-resolution 1294:1308 arg1 map 1319:1321 a high-resolution proteome map 1292:1321 a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora 1292:1341 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 8 21 theme proteins 1630:1637 arg1 composition 1601:1611 the composition 1597:1611 the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1597:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 4 22 theme thorough 776:783 arg1 removal 785:791 thorough removal 776:791 thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads 776:833 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 8 23 theme white-rot 1661:1669 arg1 fungi 1671:1675 sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1644:1675 sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1644:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 3 24 theme aromatic 724:731 arg1 compound 733:740 a lignin-derived aromatic compound 707:740 a lignin-derived aromatic compound 707:740 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 7 25 theme expression 1474:1483 arg1 profiles 1485:1492 the quantitative protein expression profiles 1449:1492 the quantitative protein expression profiles 1449:1492 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 2 26 theme major 383:387 arg1 impediment 389:398 a major impediment 381:398 a major impediment 381:398 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 2 26 theme major 383:387 arg1 adherence 331:339 the strong adherence 320:339 the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae 320:370 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 4 27 theme proteins 946:953 arg1 extraction 918:927 the efficient extraction 904:927 the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath 904:996 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 4 28 with removal 785:791 arg1 power 883:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 a high protein-solubilizing power 855:887 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 2 29 theme strong 324:329 arg1 impediment 389:398 a major impediment 381:398 a major impediment 381:398 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 2 29 theme strong 324:329 arg1 adherence 331:339 the strong adherence 320:339 the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae 320:370 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 1 30 theme fungal 211:216 arg1 polysaccharide 243:256 an extracellular polysaccharide 226:256 an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi 226:289 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 1 30 theme fungal 211:216 arg1 sheath 218:223 fungal sheath 211:223 fungal sheath 211:223 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 0 31 theme proteins 29:36 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus 0:60 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 4 32 theme cell 807:810 arg1 disruption 812:821 cell disruption 807:821 cell disruption 807:821 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 0 33 theme electrophoresis 140:154 arg1 optimization 102:113 optimization 102:113 optimization 102:113 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 0 33 theme electrophoresis 140:154 arg1 sheath 91:96 polysaccharide sheath 76:96 polysaccharide sheath 76:96 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 7 34 theme two-dimensional 1392:1406 arg1 electrophoresis 1423:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 7 35 used used 1352:1355 arg2 We 1344:1345 We 1344:1345 We 1344:1345 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 1 36 theme sheath 218:223 arg1 properties 197:206 properties 197:206 properties 197:206 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 1 36 theme sheath 218:223 arg1 functions 183:191 functions 183:191 functions 183:191 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 1 37 dep functions 183:191 arg1 The 179:181 The 179:181 The 179:181 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 0 38 theme two-dimensional 124:138 arg1 electrophoresis 140:154 their two-dimensional electrophoresis 118:154 their two-dimensional electrophoresis 118:154 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 6 39 theme stacking 1229:1236 arg1 gel 1238:1240 a stacking gel 1227:1240 a stacking gel in the second dimension 1227:1264 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 7 40 theme protein 1466:1472 arg1 profiles 1485:1492 the quantitative protein expression profiles 1449:1492 the quantitative protein expression profiles 1449:1492 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 6 41 theme first 1201:1205 arg1 dimension 1207:1215 the first dimension 1197:1215 the first dimension 1197:1215 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 6 42 theme protein 1171:1177 arg1 solubilization 1179:1192 protein solubilization 1171:1192 protein solubilization 1171:1192 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 0 43 theme proteomic 160:168 arg1 studies 170:176 proteomic studies 160:176 proteomic studies 160:176 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 6 44 theme subvermispora 1329:1341 arg1 map 1319:1321 a high-resolution proteome map 1292:1321 a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora 1292:1341 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 5 45 with compatible 1090:1099 arg1 electrophoresis 1122:1136 two-dimensional electrophoresis 1106:1136 two-dimensional electrophoresis 1106:1136 In addition, for proteomic analysis, we investigated whether these extracted proteins were compatible with two-dimensional electrophoresis. 28916445 2 46 theme intracellular 413:425 arg1 proteins 427:434 intracellular proteins 413:434 intracellular proteins from the fungi 413:449 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 8 47 used used 1581:1584 arg2 proteomics 1563:1572 two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics 1525:1572 two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics 1525:1572 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 4 48 theme intracellular 932:944 arg1 proteins 946:953 intracellular proteins 932:953 intracellular proteins 932:953 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 3 49 theme selective 596:604 arg1 degrader 613:620 a selective lignin degrader 594:620 a selective lignin degrader 594:620 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 3 49 theme selective 596:604 arg1 subvermispora 637:649 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 623:649 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 623:649 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 8 50 theme two-dimensional 1525:1539 arg1 proteomics 1563:1572 two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics 1525:1572 two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics 1525:1572 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 1 51 theme extracellular 229:241 arg1 polysaccharide 243:256 an extracellular polysaccharide 226:256 an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi 226:289 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 1 51 theme extracellular 229:241 arg1 sheath 218:223 fungal sheath 211:223 fungal sheath 211:223 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 28916445 2 52 theme cellular 471:478 arg1 responses 480:488 their cellular responses 465:488 their cellular responses 465:488 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 7 53 theme difference 1408:1417 arg1 electrophoresis 1423:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1379:1437 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 5 54 theme two-dimensional 1106:1120 arg1 electrophoresis 1122:1136 two-dimensional electrophoresis 1106:1136 two-dimensional electrophoresis 1106:1136 In addition, for proteomic analysis, we investigated whether these extracted proteins were compatible with two-dimensional electrophoresis. 28916445 8 55 theme sheath-producing 1644:1659 arg1 fungi 1671:1675 sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1644:1675 sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1644:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 0 56 theme white-rot 45:53 arg1 fungus 55:60 a white-rot fungus 43:60 a white-rot fungus 43:60 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 7 57 theme same 1361:1364 arg1 proteins 1366:1373 the same proteins 1357:1373 the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 1357:1437 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 8 58 from composition 1601:1611 arg1 fungi 1671:1675 sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1644:1675 sheath-producing white-rot fungi 1644:1675 These steps demonstrated that two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics can be used to clarify the composition of intracellular proteins from sheath-producing white-rot fungi. 28916445 2 59 theme sheath 348:353 arg1 impediment 389:398 a major impediment 381:398 a major impediment 381:398 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 2 59 theme sheath 348:353 arg1 adherence 331:339 the strong adherence 320:339 the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae 320:370 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 5 60 theme proteomic 1016:1024 arg1 analysis 1026:1033 proteomic analysis 1016:1033 proteomic analysis 1016:1033 In addition, for proteomic analysis, we investigated whether these extracted proteins were compatible with two-dimensional electrophoresis. 28916445 4 61 theme efficient 908:916 arg1 extraction 918:927 the efficient extraction 904:927 the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath 904:996 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 6 62 theme second 1249:1254 arg1 dimension 1256:1264 the second dimension 1245:1264 the second dimension 1245:1264 By efficiently concentrating on protein solubilization in the first dimension and using a stacking gel in the second dimension, we successfully obtained a high-resolution proteome map of C. subvermispora. 28916445 4 63 theme sheath 796:801 arg1 solution 841:848 a solution 839:848 a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath 839:996 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 4 63 theme sheath 796:801 arg1 removal 785:791 thorough removal 776:791 thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads 776:833 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 4 64 theme disruption 812:821 arg1 solution 841:848 a solution 839:848 a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath 839:996 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 4 64 theme disruption 812:821 arg1 removal 785:791 thorough removal 776:791 thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads 776:833 Using this approach, we achieved thorough removal of sheath and cell disruption using beads and a solution with a high protein-solubilizing power, which enabled the efficient extraction of intracellular proteins from C. subvermispora surrounded by sheath. 28916445 7 65 theme quantitative 1453:1464 arg1 profiles 1485:1492 the quantitative protein expression profiles 1449:1492 the quantitative protein expression profiles 1449:1492 We also used the same proteins for fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to obtain the quantitative protein expression profiles. 28916445 3 66 theme large 667:671 arg1 amounts 680:686 large sheath amounts 667:686 large sheath amounts 667:686 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 3 67 theme Ceriporiopsis 623:635 arg1 degrader 613:620 a selective lignin degrader 594:620 a selective lignin degrader 594:620 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 3 67 theme Ceriporiopsis 623:635 arg1 subvermispora 637:649 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 623:649 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 623:649 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 5 68 theme extracted 1066:1074 arg1 proteins 1076:1083 these extracted proteins 1060:1083 these extracted proteins 1060:1083 In addition, for proteomic analysis, we investigated whether these extracted proteins were compatible with two-dimensional electrophoresis. 28916445 3 69 theme sheath 673:678 arg1 amounts 680:686 large sheath amounts 667:686 large sheath amounts 667:686 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 3 70 theme lignin 606:611 arg1 degrader 613:620 a selective lignin degrader 594:620 a selective lignin degrader 594:620 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 3 70 theme lignin 606:611 arg1 subvermispora 637:649 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 623:649 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 623:649 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 2 71 from fungi 445:449 arg1 proteins 427:434 intracellular proteins 413:434 intracellular proteins from the fungi 413:449 However, the strong adherence of the sheath to fungal hyphae had been a major impediment in preparing intracellular proteins from the fungi and analyzing their cellular responses. 28916445 0 72 theme intracellular 15:27 arg1 proteins 29:36 intracellular proteins 15:36 intracellular proteins 15:36 Preparation of intracellular proteins from a white-rot fungus surrounded by polysaccharide sheath and optimization of their two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies. 28916445 3 73 theme polysaccharide 566:579 arg1 sheath 581:586 the polysaccharide sheath 562:586 the polysaccharide sheath 562:586 To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and easy method to remove the polysaccharide sheath using a selective lignin degrader, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produces large sheath amounts in the presence of a lignin-derived aromatic compound. 28916445 1 74 theme many 270:273 arg1 fungi 285:289 many white-rot fungi 270:289 many white-rot fungi 270:289 The functions and properties of fungal sheath, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by many white-rot fungi, have been studied. 27163166 4 0 theme PDEGA/CNC 527:535 arg1 bionanocomposite 537:552 the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite 523:552 the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite 523:552 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 6 1 theme electronic 1028:1037 arg1 devices 1051:1057 future electronic and optical devices 1021:1057 future electronic and optical devices 1021:1057 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 6 2 theme optical 836:842 arg1 transparency 844:855 high optical transparency 831:855 high optical transparency 831:855 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 2 3 theme transmittance 349:361 arg1 terms 328:332 terms 328:332 terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity 328:375 The bionanocomposites were made using CNCs extracted from cotton and by optimizing its concentration in terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity. 27163166 6 4 theme future 1021:1026 arg1 devices 1051:1057 future electronic and optical devices 1021:1057 future electronic and optical devices 1021:1057 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 6 5 theme power 920:924 arg1 consumption 926:936 low power consumption 916:936 low power consumption 916:936 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 6 6 theme high 831:834 arg1 transparency 844:855 high optical transparency 831:855 high optical transparency 831:855 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 2 7 from concentration 311:323 arg1 terms 328:332 terms 328:332 terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity 328:375 The bionanocomposites were made using CNCs extracted from cotton and by optimizing its concentration in terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity. 27163166 4 8 theme robust 620:625 arg1 structure 659:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 6 9 theme low 916:918 arg1 consumption 926:936 low power consumption 916:936 low power consumption 916:936 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 3 10 theme angle 453:457 arg1 measurements 459:470 contact angle measurements 445:470 contact angle measurements 445:470 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 6 11 theme simple 813:818 arg1 structure 820:828 The simple structure 809:828 The simple structure 809:828 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 6 12 theme reconfigurable 997:1010 arg1 lens 1012:1015 a reconfigurable lens 995:1015 a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices 995:1057 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 1 13 theme electroactive 109:121 arg1 bionanocomposite 123:138 an electroactive bionanocomposite 106:138 an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 106:221 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 3 14 theme contact 445:451 arg1 measurements 459:470 contact angle measurements 445:470 contact angle measurements 445:470 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 0 15 theme Adaptive 28:35 arg1 Bionanocomposite 37:52 Optically Adaptive Bionanocomposite 18:52 Optically Adaptive Bionanocomposite for Reconfigurable Microlens 18:81 Electroactive and Optically Adaptive Bionanocomposite for Reconfigurable Microlens. 27163166 4 16 theme CNCs 585:588 arg1 concentration 568:580 a very low concentration 557:580 a very low concentration of CNCs 557:588 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 5 17 theme device 730:735 arg1 shape 688:692 shape 688:692 shape 688:692 The shape and curvature of the soft PDEGA/CNC device were controlled by applying voltage, and the focal length was measured. 27163166 5 17 theme device 730:735 arg1 curvature 698:706 curvature 698:706 curvature 698:706 The shape and curvature of the soft PDEGA/CNC device were controlled by applying voltage, and the focal length was measured. 27163166 3 18 theme transformation 484:497 arg1 spectra 508:514 Fourier transformation infrared spectra 476:514 Fourier transformation infrared spectra 476:514 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 3 19 theme characteristic 382:395 arg1 properties 397:406 The characteristic properties 378:406 The characteristic properties of the materials 378:423 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 4 20 theme configurable 593:604 arg1 lens 606:609 a configurable lens 591:609 a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 591:667 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 4 21 dep robust 620:625 arg1 self-contained 628:641 self-contained 628:641 self-contained 628:641 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 3 22 theme infrared 499:506 arg1 spectra 508:514 Fourier transformation infrared spectra 476:514 Fourier transformation infrared spectra 476:514 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 1 23 theme cellulose 193:201 arg1 CNCs 217:220 CNCs 217:220 CNCs 217:220 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 1 23 theme cellulose 193:201 arg1 nanocrystals 203:214 cellulose nanocrystals 193:214 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 193:221 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 4 24 theme low 564:566 arg1 concentration 568:580 a very low concentration 557:580 a very low concentration of CNCs 557:588 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 6 25 theme optical 1043:1049 arg1 devices 1051:1057 future electronic and optical devices 1021:1057 future electronic and optical devices 1021:1057 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 3 26 theme Fourier 476:482 arg1 spectra 508:514 Fourier transformation infrared spectra 476:514 Fourier transformation infrared spectra 476:514 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 6 27 theme useful 973:978 arg1 material 951:958 the new material 943:958 the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices 943:1057 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 6 28 theme thermal 876:882 arg1 stability 884:892 thermal stability 876:892 thermal stability 876:892 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 6 29 theme high 895:898 arg1 durability 900:909 high durability 895:909 high durability 895:909 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 2 30 theme optical 341:347 arg1 transmittance 349:361 the optical transmittance 337:361 the optical transmittance 337:361 The bionanocomposites were made using CNCs extracted from cotton and by optimizing its concentration in terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity. 27163166 3 31 theme materials 415:423 arg1 properties 397:406 The characteristic properties 378:406 The characteristic properties of the materials 378:423 The characteristic properties of the materials were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Fourier transformation infrared spectra. 27163166 4 32 contain having 611:616 arg2 structure 659:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 4 32 contain having 611:616 arg1 lens 606:609 a configurable lens 591:609 a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 591:667 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 6 33 theme new 947:949 arg1 material 951:958 the new material 943:958 the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices 943:1057 The simple structure, high optical transparency, biodegradability, thermal stability, high durability, and low power consumption make the new material particularly useful in fabricating a reconfigurable lens for future electronic and optical devices. 27163166 5 34 theme soft 715:718 arg1 device 730:735 the soft PDEGA/CNC device 711:735 the soft PDEGA/CNC device 711:735 The shape and curvature of the soft PDEGA/CNC device were controlled by applying voltage, and the focal length was measured. 27163166 5 35 theme PDEGA/CNC 720:728 arg1 device 730:735 the soft PDEGA/CNC device 711:735 the soft PDEGA/CNC device 711:735 The shape and curvature of the soft PDEGA/CNC device were controlled by applying voltage, and the focal length was measured. 27163166 1 36 theme diethylene 154:163 arg1 adipate 172:178 diethylene glycol adipate 154:178 diethylene glycol adipate 154:178 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 1 36 theme diethylene 154:163 arg1 poly 149:152 poly 149:152 poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) 149:187 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 1 37 theme glycol 165:170 arg1 adipate 172:178 diethylene glycol adipate 154:178 diethylene glycol adipate 154:178 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 1 37 theme glycol 165:170 arg1 poly 149:152 poly 149:152 poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) 149:187 This paper introduces an electroactive bionanocomposite based on poly(diethylene glycol adipate) (PDEGA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). 27163166 4 38 theme optical 651:657 arg1 structure 659:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 27163166 5 39 theme focal 782:786 arg1 length 788:793 the focal length 778:793 the focal length 778:793 The shape and curvature of the soft PDEGA/CNC device were controlled by applying voltage, and the focal length was measured. 27163166 2 40 theme viscosity 367:375 arg1 terms 328:332 terms 328:332 terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity 328:375 The bionanocomposites were made using CNCs extracted from cotton and by optimizing its concentration in terms of the optical transmittance and viscosity. 27163166 4 41 theme tunable 643:649 arg1 structure 659:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure 618:667 Using the PDEGA/CNC bionanocomposite at a very low concentration of CNCs, a configurable lens having a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure was developed. 26586655 8 0 theme bone 1197:1200 arg1 model 1209:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 8 1 theme comparable 1243:1252 arg1 formation 1233:1241 bone formation 1228:1241 bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R 1228:1280 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 11 2 theme PPL/β-TCP 1536:1544 arg1 composite 1546:1554 PPL/β-TCP composite 1536:1554 PPL/β-TCP composite 1536:1554 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 4 3 theme PPL 525:527 arg1 properties 511:520 the mechanical properties 496:520 the mechanical properties of PPL 496:527 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 4 4 dep in 473:474 arg1 vitro 476:480 vitro 476:480 vitro 476:480 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 4 5 theme PPL 547:549 arg1 composites 565:574 both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites 542:574 both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R 542:743 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 12 6 theme PPL/β-TCP 1687:1695 arg1 composite 1697:1705 PPL/β-TCP composite 1687:1705 PPL/β-TCP composite 1687:1705 Collectively, our results suggest PPL/β-TCP composite may be useful for bone engineering. 26586655 6 7 theme in 849:850 arg1 osteoconductivity 857:873 in vivo osteoconductivity 849:873 in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite 849:896 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 7 8 theme bone 1085:1088 arg1 formation 1090:1098 no bone formation 1082:1098 no bone formation 1082:1098 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 1 9 theme multifunctional 67:81 arg1 biomaterial 83:93 A multifunctional biomaterial 65:93 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, 65:158 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 1 9 theme multifunctional 67:81 arg1 need 170:173 a real need 163:173 a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 163:257 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 9 10 theme PPL/β-TCP 1299:1307 arg1 composite 1309:1317 PPL/β-TCP composite 1299:1317 PPL/β-TCP composite 1299:1317 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite induced new bone formation at 4 weeks, which was remarkably evident at 8 weeks. 26586655 8 11 theme bone 1228:1231 arg1 formation 1233:1241 bone formation 1228:1241 bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R 1228:1280 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 3 12 theme bone 445:448 arg1 engineering 450:460 bone engineering 445:460 bone engineering 445:460 In the present study, we employed PPL as a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering. 26586655 5 13 theme PPL/β-TCP 783:791 arg1 composite 793:801 PPL/β-TCP composite 783:801 PPL/β-TCP composite 783:801 Further, the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite was significantly higher than Biopex-R. 26586655 4 14 theme higher 581:586 arg1 strength 599:606 higher shear bond strength 581:606 higher shear bond strength 581:606 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 8 15 theme rabbit 1184:1189 arg1 model 1209:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 7 16 from weeks 1066:1070 arg1 evident 1053:1059 evident 1053:1059 evident 1053:1059 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 7 17 theme PPL 1132:1134 arg1 injection 1119:1127 injection 1119:1127 injection of PPL alone 1119:1140 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 1 18 with biomaterial 83:93 arg1 bond 113:116 the capacity bond 100:116 the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, 100:158 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 4 19 from materials 613:621 arg1 use 643:645 current clinical use 626:645 current clinical use 626:645 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 6 20 theme injection 940:948 arg1 model 950:954 a murine intramedular injection model 918:954 a murine intramedular injection model 918:954 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 7 21 dep weeks 987:991 arg1 injection 999:1007 injection 999:1007 injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks 999:1070 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 4 22 theme current 626:632 arg1 use 643:645 current clinical use 626:645 current clinical use 626:645 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 11 23 theme new 1591:1593 arg1 bone 1595:1598 new bone 1591:1598 new bone 1591:1598 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 4 24 theme mechanical 500:509 arg1 properties 511:520 the mechanical properties 496:520 the mechanical properties of PPL 496:527 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 1 25 theme capacity 104:111 arg1 bond 113:116 the capacity bond 100:116 the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, 100:158 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 8 26 theme ulnar 1191:1195 arg1 model 1209:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 1 27 theme real 165:168 arg1 biomaterial 83:93 A multifunctional biomaterial 65:93 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, 65:158 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 1 27 theme real 165:168 arg1 need 170:173 a real need 163:173 a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 163:257 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 5 28 theme compressive 759:769 arg1 higher 821:826 higher 821:826 higher 821:826 Further, the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite was significantly higher than Biopex-R. 26586655 5 28 theme compressive 759:769 arg1 strength 771:778 the compressive strength 755:778 the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite 755:801 Further, the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite was significantly higher than Biopex-R. 26586655 6 29 theme intramedular 927:938 arg1 model 950:954 a murine intramedular injection model 918:954 a murine intramedular injection model 918:954 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 2 30 from hydroxyapatite 334:347 arg1 teeth 362:366 teeth 362:366 teeth 362:366 Recently, we created phosphorylated-pullulan (PPL), capable of binding to hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth. 26586655 2 30 from hydroxyapatite 334:347 arg1 bones 352:356 bones 352:356 bones 352:356 Recently, we created phosphorylated-pullulan (PPL), capable of binding to hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth. 26586655 4 31 theme shear 588:592 arg1 strength 599:606 higher shear bond strength 581:606 higher shear bond strength 581:606 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 11 32 theme pig 1482:1484 arg1 model 1508:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 6 33 theme murine 920:925 arg1 model 950:954 a murine intramedular injection model 918:954 a murine intramedular injection model 918:954 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 12 34 theme bone 1725:1728 arg1 engineering 1730:1740 bone engineering 1725:1740 bone engineering 1725:1740 Collectively, our results suggest PPL/β-TCP composite may be useful for bone engineering. 26586655 3 35 theme biocompatible 418:430 arg1 material 432:439 a novel biocompatible material 410:439 a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering 410:460 In the present study, we employed PPL as a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering. 26586655 3 35 theme biocompatible 418:430 arg1 PPL 403:405 PPL 403:405 PPL 403:405 In the present study, we employed PPL as a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering. 26586655 3 36 theme present 376:382 arg1 study 384:388 the present study 372:388 the present study 372:388 In the present study, we employed PPL as a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering. 26586655 4 37 theme properties 511:520 arg1 evaluation 482:491 an in vitro evaluation 470:491 an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL 470:527 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 7 38 theme composite 1022:1030 arg1 injection 999:1007 injection 999:1007 injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks 999:1070 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 5 39 theme composite 793:801 arg1 higher 821:826 higher 821:826 higher 821:826 Further, the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite was significantly higher than Biopex-R. 26586655 5 39 theme composite 793:801 arg1 strength 771:778 the compressive strength 755:778 the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite 755:801 Further, the compressive strength of PPL/β-TCP composite was significantly higher than Biopex-R. 26586655 1 40 theme medical 179:185 arg1 applications 198:209 medical and dental applications 179:209 medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 179:257 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 11 41 theme defect 1501:1506 arg1 model 1508:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 4 42 theme bond 594:597 arg1 strength 599:606 higher shear bond strength 581:606 higher shear bond strength 581:606 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 8 43 theme PPL/β-TCP 1159:1167 arg1 composite 1169:1177 PPL/β-TCP composite 1159:1177 PPL/β-TCP composite 1159:1177 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 4 44 theme in 473:474 arg1 evaluation 482:491 an in vitro evaluation 470:491 an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL 470:527 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 10 45 theme surrounding 1448:1458 arg1 bone 1460:1463 the surrounding bone 1444:1463 the surrounding bone 1444:1463 In contrast, Biopex-R remained isolated from the surrounding bone at 8 weeks. 26586655 9 46 dep induced 1319:1325 arg1 evident 1379:1385 evident 1379:1385 evident 1379:1385 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite induced new bone formation at 4 weeks, which was remarkably evident at 8 weeks. 26586655 11 47 theme bone 1496:1499 arg1 model 1508:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 1 48 theme hard 121:124 arg1 bones 143:147 bones 143:147 bones 143:147 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 1 48 theme hard 121:124 arg1 tissues 126:132 hard tissues 121:132 hard tissues 121:132 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 1 48 theme hard 121:124 arg1 teeth 153:157 teeth 153:157 teeth 153:157 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 9 49 theme composite 1309:1317 arg1 Implantation 1283:1294 Implantation 1283:1294 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite 1283:1317 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite induced new bone formation at 4 weeks, which was remarkably evident at 8 weeks. 26586655 7 50 theme PPL/β-TCP 1012:1020 arg1 composite 1022:1030 PPL/β-TCP composite 1012:1030 PPL/β-TCP composite 1012:1030 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 11 51 theme vertebral 1486:1494 arg1 model 1508:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 a pig vertebral bone defect model 1480:1512 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 2 52 theme capable 312:318 arg1 phosphorylated-pullulan 281:303 phosphorylated-pullulan 281:303 phosphorylated-pullulan (PPL) 281:309 Recently, we created phosphorylated-pullulan (PPL), capable of binding to hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth. 26586655 2 52 theme capable 312:318 arg1 PPL 306:308 PPL 306:308 PPL 306:308 Recently, we created phosphorylated-pullulan (PPL), capable of binding to hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth. 26586655 6 53 theme composite 888:896 arg1 osteoconductivity 857:873 in vivo osteoconductivity 849:873 in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite 849:896 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 4 54 dep composites 565:574 arg1 have 576:579 have 576:579 have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R 576:743 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 0 55 dep phosphorylated-pullulan 20:42 arg1 composite 54:62 composite 54:62 composite 54:62 Bone engineering by phosphorylated-pullulan and β-TCP composite. 26586655 9 56 from weeks 1392:1396 arg1 evident 1379:1385 evident 1379:1385 evident 1379:1385 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite induced new bone formation at 4 weeks, which was remarkably evident at 8 weeks. 26586655 9 57 theme new 1327:1329 arg1 formation 1336:1344 new bone formation 1327:1344 new bone formation 1327:1344 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite induced new bone formation at 4 weeks, which was remarkably evident at 8 weeks. 26586655 4 58 theme PPL/β-TCP 555:563 arg1 composites 565:574 both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites 542:574 both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R 542:743 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 1 59 from applications 198:209 arg1 engineering 221:231 tissue engineering 214:231 tissue engineering 214:231 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 1 59 from applications 198:209 arg1 medicine 250:257 regenerative medicine 237:257 regenerative medicine 237:257 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 12 60 dep suggest 1679:1685 arg1 useful 1714:1719 useful 1714:1719 useful 1714:1719 Collectively, our results suggest PPL/β-TCP composite may be useful for bone engineering. 26586655 7 61 theme Bone 957:960 arg1 formation 962:970 Bone formation 957:970 Bone formation 957:970 Bone formation was observed 5 weeks after injection of PPL/β-TCP composite, which was even more evident at 8 weeks; whereas, no bone formation was detected after injection of PPL alone. 26586655 4 62 theme clinical 634:641 arg1 use 643:645 current clinical use 626:645 current clinical use 626:645 First, an in vitro evaluation of the mechanical properties of PPL demonstrated both PPL and PPL/β-TCP composites have higher shear bond strength than materials in current clinical use, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement, Biopex-R. 26586655 9 63 theme bone 1331:1334 arg1 formation 1336:1344 new bone formation 1327:1344 new bone formation 1327:1344 Implantation of PPL/β-TCP composite induced new bone formation at 4 weeks, which was remarkably evident at 8 weeks. 26586655 8 64 theme defect 1202:1207 arg1 model 1209:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 a rabbit ulnar bone defect model 1182:1213 We then applied PPL/β-TCP composite to a rabbit ulnar bone defect model and observed bone formation comparable to that induced by Biopex-R. 26586655 3 65 theme novel 412:416 arg1 material 432:439 a novel biocompatible material 410:439 a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering 410:460 In the present study, we employed PPL as a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering. 26586655 3 65 theme novel 412:416 arg1 PPL 403:405 PPL 403:405 PPL 403:405 In the present study, we employed PPL as a novel biocompatible material for bone engineering. 26586655 6 66 dep in 849:850 arg1 vivo 852:855 vivo 852:855 vivo 852:855 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 1 67 theme regenerative 237:248 arg1 medicine 250:257 regenerative medicine 237:257 regenerative medicine 237:257 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 6 68 theme PPL/β-TCP 878:886 arg1 composite 888:896 PPL/β-TCP composite 878:896 PPL/β-TCP composite 878:896 Next, in vivo osteoconductivity of PPL/β-TCP composite was investigated in a murine intramedular injection model. 26586655 11 69 theme bone 1637:1640 arg1 formation 1642:1650 bone formation 1637:1650 bone formation 1637:1650 In a pig vertebral bone defect model, defects treated with PPL/β-TCP composite were almost completely replaced by new bone; whereas, PPL alone failed to induce bone formation. 26586655 1 70 theme dental 191:196 arg1 applications 198:209 medical and dental applications 179:209 medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 179:257 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26586655 1 71 theme tissue 214:219 arg1 engineering 221:231 tissue engineering 214:231 tissue engineering 214:231 A multifunctional biomaterial with the capacity bond to hard tissues, such as bones and teeth, is a real need for medical and dental applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 24099535 1 0 theme resonance 353:361 arg1 techniques 369:378 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques 336:378 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques 336:378 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 4 1 dep structure 809:817 arg1 thus 804:807 thus 804:807 thus 804:807 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 7 2 theme different 936:944 arg1 glycerol 1000:1007 glycerol 1000:1007 glycerol 1000:1007 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed, water and glycerol were observed: the first is predominantly moving free in the matrix, while glycerol is mainly bounded to the chitosan chain. 24099535 7 2 theme different 936:944 arg1 water 990:994 water 990:994 water 990:994 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed, water and glycerol were observed: the first is predominantly moving free in the matrix, while glycerol is mainly bounded to the chitosan chain. 24099535 7 2 theme different 936:944 arg1 behaviours 946:955 Two different behaviours 932:955 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed 932:987 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed, water and glycerol were observed: the first is predominantly moving free in the matrix, while glycerol is mainly bounded to the chitosan chain. 24099535 1 3 theme systems 270:276 arg1 microstructure 214:227 microstructure 214:227 microstructure 214:227 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 3 theme systems 270:276 arg1 dynamics 243:250 molecular dynamics 233:250 molecular dynamics 233:250 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 0 4 theme chitosan 79:86 arg1 films 88:92 chitosan films 79:92 chitosan films 79:92 Molecular mobility, composition and structure analysis in glycerol plasticised chitosan films. 24099535 0 5 from mobility 10:17 arg1 glycerol 58:65 glycerol 58:65 glycerol 58:65 Molecular mobility, composition and structure analysis in glycerol plasticised chitosan films. 24099535 4 6 theme plasticiser 740:750 arg1 ratio 752:756 polymer/total plasticiser ratio 726:756 polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution 726:772 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 1 7 from effect 156:161 arg1 microstructure 214:227 microstructure 214:227 microstructure 214:227 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 7 from effect 156:161 arg1 dynamics 243:250 molecular dynamics 233:250 molecular dynamics 233:250 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 4 8 theme glycerol 629:636 arg1 quantities 638:647 glycerol quantities 629:647 glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions 629:678 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 3 9 theme thickness 581:589 arg1 terms 559:563 terms 559:563 terms of composition, thickness and water activity 559:608 The films obtained after drying and equilibration were characterised in terms of composition, thickness and water activity. 24099535 1 10 theme transmission 285:296 arg1 microscope 307:316 transmission electron microscope 285:316 transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) 285:330 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 0 11 from analysis 46:53 arg1 glycerol 58:65 glycerol 58:65 glycerol 58:65 Molecular mobility, composition and structure analysis in glycerol plasticised chitosan films. 24099535 7 12 theme chitosan 1118:1125 arg1 chain 1127:1131 the chitosan chain 1114:1131 the chitosan chain 1114:1131 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed, water and glycerol were observed: the first is predominantly moving free in the matrix, while glycerol is mainly bounded to the chitosan chain. 24099535 4 13 theme films 701:705 arg1 composition 707:717 films composition 701:717 films composition 701:717 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 2 14 theme different 464:472 arg1 composition 474:484 different composition 464:484 different composition 464:484 Experiments were carried out in chitosan/glycerol films prepared with solutions of different composition. 24099535 1 15 theme polysaccharide/plasticiser 166:191 arg1 concentration 193:205 polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration 166:205 polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration 166:205 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 2 16 theme composition 474:484 arg1 solutions 451:459 solutions 451:459 solutions of different composition 451:484 Experiments were carried out in chitosan/glycerol films prepared with solutions of different composition. 24099535 1 17 theme concentration 193:205 arg1 effect 156:161 the effect 152:161 the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems 152:276 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 0 18 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 mobility 10:17 Molecular mobility 0:17 Molecular mobility 0:17 Molecular mobility, composition and structure analysis in glycerol plasticised chitosan films. 24099535 1 19 theme electron 298:305 arg1 microscope 307:316 transmission electron microscope 285:316 transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) 285:330 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 20 theme microscope 307:316 arg1 imaging 318:324 transmission electron microscope imaging 285:324 transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) 285:330 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 20 theme microscope 307:316 arg1 TEM 327:329 TEM 327:329 TEM 327:329 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 6 21 theme molecular 907:915 arg1 rearrangement 917:929 the films molecular rearrangement 897:929 the films molecular rearrangement 897:929 NMR allowed understanding the films molecular rearrangement. 24099535 3 22 theme water 595:599 arg1 terms 559:563 terms 559:563 terms of composition, thickness and water activity 559:608 The films obtained after drying and equilibration were characterised in terms of composition, thickness and water activity. 24099535 4 23 theme forming 662:668 arg1 solutions 670:678 film forming solutions 657:678 film forming solutions 657:678 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 0 24 theme structure 36:44 arg1 analysis 46:53 structure analysis 36:53 structure analysis 36:53 Molecular mobility, composition and structure analysis in glycerol plasticised chitosan films. 24099535 6 25 theme films 901:905 arg1 rearrangement 917:929 the films molecular rearrangement 897:929 the films molecular rearrangement 897:929 NMR allowed understanding the films molecular rearrangement. 24099535 7 26 from free 1058:1061 arg1 matrix 1070:1075 the matrix 1066:1075 the matrix 1066:1075 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed, water and glycerol were observed: the first is predominantly moving free in the matrix, while glycerol is mainly bounded to the chitosan chain. 24099535 4 27 theme film 657:660 arg1 solutions 670:678 film forming solutions 657:678 film forming solutions 657:678 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 1 28 theme molecular 233:241 arg1 dynamics 243:250 molecular dynamics 233:250 molecular dynamics 233:250 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 0 29 from composition 20:30 arg1 glycerol 58:65 glycerol 58:65 glycerol 58:65 Molecular mobility, composition and structure analysis in glycerol plasticised chitosan films. 24099535 3 30 dep composition 568:578 arg1 activity 601:608 activity 601:608 activity 601:608 The films obtained after drying and equilibration were characterised in terms of composition, thickness and water activity. 24099535 1 31 theme nuclear 336:342 arg1 NMR 364:366 NMR 364:366 NMR 364:366 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 31 theme nuclear 336:342 arg1 resonance 353:361 nuclear magnetic resonance 336:361 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques 336:378 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 4 32 theme films 827:831 arg1 structure 809:817 structure 809:817 structure 809:817 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 4 32 theme films 827:831 arg1 thickness 789:797 the thickness 785:797 the thickness (and thus structure) of the films 785:831 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 3 33 theme composition 568:578 arg1 terms 559:563 terms 559:563 terms of composition, thickness and water activity 559:608 The films obtained after drying and equilibration were characterised in terms of composition, thickness and water activity. 24099535 7 34 from matrix 1070:1075 arg1 free 1058:1061 free 1058:1061 free 1058:1061 Two different behaviours for the two components analysed, water and glycerol were observed: the first is predominantly moving free in the matrix, while glycerol is mainly bounded to the chitosan chain. 24099535 2 35 theme chitosan/glycerol 413:429 arg1 films 431:435 chitosan/glycerol films 413:435 chitosan/glycerol films prepared with solutions of different composition 413:484 Experiments were carried out in chitosan/glycerol films prepared with solutions of different composition. 24099535 4 36 theme polymer/total 726:738 arg1 ratio 752:756 polymer/total plasticiser ratio 726:756 polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution 726:772 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 1 37 theme polymeric 255:263 arg1 systems 270:276 polymeric film systems 255:276 polymeric film systems 255:276 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 38 theme magnetic 344:351 arg1 NMR 364:366 NMR 364:366 NMR 364:366 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 38 theme magnetic 344:351 arg1 resonance 353:361 nuclear magnetic resonance 336:361 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques 336:378 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 1 39 dep microstructure 214:227 arg1 the 210:212 the 210:212 the 210:212 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 24099535 4 40 from ratio 752:756 arg1 solution 765:772 the solution 761:772 the solution 761:772 Results show that glycerol quantities used in film forming solutions were responsible for films composition; while polymer/total plasticiser ratio in the solution determined the thickness (and thus structure) of the films. 24099535 1 41 theme film 265:268 arg1 systems 270:276 polymeric film systems 255:276 polymeric film systems 255:276 This study was developed with the purpose to investigate the effect of polysaccharide/plasticiser concentration on the microstructure and molecular dynamics of polymeric film systems, using transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 28504159 8 0 theme CS 986:987 arg1 film 989:992 the pure CS film 977:992 the pure CS film 977:992 The antioxidant capacities of the films were greater than that of the pure CS film. 28504159 3 1 theme group 415:419 arg1 interactions 421:432 functional group interactions 404:432 functional group interactions 404:432 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 8 2 theme pure 981:984 arg1 film 989:992 the pure CS film 977:992 the pure CS film 977:992 The antioxidant capacities of the films were greater than that of the pure CS film. 28504159 4 3 dep strength 447:454 arg1 The 435:437 The 435:437 The 435:437 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 1.19 to 2.42MPa, and from 42.10 to 78.84%, respectively, with increasing RN loading. 28504159 5 4 dep permeability 683:694 arg1 the 667:669 the 667:669 the 667:669 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 1 5 theme Edible 83:88 arg1 films 97:101 Edible active films 83:101 Edible active films 83:101 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 1 6 theme corn 171:174 arg1 CS 184:185 CS 184:185 CS 184:185 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 1 6 theme corn 171:174 arg1 starch 176:181 corn starch 171:181 corn starch (CS) 171:186 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 0 7 theme nanoparticle/corn 51:67 arg1 films 76:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 Preparation and properties of zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films. 28504159 6 8 theme rutin 761:765 arg1 % 808:808 27.1-36.9% 799:808 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin 799:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 8 theme rutin 761:765 arg1 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 8 theme rutin 761:765 arg1 amount 823:828 the total amount 813:828 the total amount of rutin 813:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 8 theme rutin 761:765 arg1 rutin 761:765 rutin 761:765 rutin 761:765 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 8 theme rutin 761:765 arg1 amount 751:756 The cumulative amount 736:756 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h 736:793 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 0 9 theme composite 41:49 arg1 films 76:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 Preparation and properties of zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films. 28504159 1 10 theme active 90:95 arg1 films 97:101 Edible active films 83:101 Edible active films 83:101 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 2 11 theme natural 270:276 arg1 antioxidant 278:288 a natural antioxidant 268:288 a natural antioxidant 268:288 RNs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10%, w/w) were incorporated into CS films, to act as a natural antioxidant. 28504159 2 11 theme natural 270:276 arg1 RNs 189:191 RNs 189:191 RNs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10%, w/w) 189:223 RNs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10%, w/w) were incorporated into CS films, to act as a natural antioxidant. 28504159 6 12 theme total 817:821 arg1 amount 823:828 the total amount 813:828 the total amount of rutin 813:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 12 theme total 817:821 arg1 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 8 13 theme antioxidant 915:925 arg1 greater 956:962 greater 956:962 greater 956:962 The antioxidant capacities of the films were greater than that of the pure CS film. 28504159 8 13 theme antioxidant 915:925 arg1 capacities 927:936 The antioxidant capacities 911:936 The antioxidant capacities of the films 911:949 The antioxidant capacities of the films were greater than that of the pure CS film. 28504159 3 14 used used 369:372 arg2 microscopy 309:318 Scanning electron microscopy 291:318 Scanning electron microscopy 291:318 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 3 14 used used 369:372 arg2 spectroscopy 351:362 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 324:362 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 324:362 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 4 15 theme RN 568:569 arg1 loading 571:577 RN loading 568:577 RN loading 568:577 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 1.19 to 2.42MPa, and from 42.10 to 78.84%, respectively, with increasing RN loading. 28504159 8 16 theme films 945:949 arg1 greater 956:962 greater 956:962 greater 956:962 The antioxidant capacities of the films were greater than that of the pure CS film. 28504159 8 16 theme films 945:949 arg1 capacities 927:936 The antioxidant capacities 911:936 The antioxidant capacities of the films 911:949 The antioxidant capacities of the films were greater than that of the pure CS film. 28504159 6 17 theme rutin 833:837 arg1 amount 823:828 the total amount 813:828 the total amount of rutin 813:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 17 theme rutin 833:837 arg1 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 3 18 theme Fourier-transform 324:340 arg1 spectroscopy 351:362 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 324:362 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 324:362 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 4 19 from break 474:478 arg1 elongation 460:469 elongation 460:469 elongation 460:469 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 1.19 to 2.42MPa, and from 42.10 to 78.84%, respectively, with increasing RN loading. 28504159 4 19 from break 474:478 arg1 strength 447:454 tensile strength 439:454 tensile strength 439:454 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 1.19 to 2.42MPa, and from 42.10 to 78.84%, respectively, with increasing RN loading. 28504159 5 20 theme water 671:675 arg1 permeability 683:694 water vapor permeability 671:694 water vapor permeability 671:694 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 6 21 theme amount 823:828 arg1 amount 823:828 the total amount 813:828 the total amount of rutin 813:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 21 theme amount 823:828 arg1 amount 751:756 The cumulative amount 736:756 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h 736:793 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 21 theme amount 823:828 arg1 rutin 761:765 rutin 761:765 rutin 761:765 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 21 theme amount 823:828 arg1 % 808:808 27.1-36.9% 799:808 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin 799:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 21 theme amount 823:828 arg1 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 5 22 theme RNs 601:603 arg1 incorporation 584:596 The incorporation 580:596 The incorporation of RNs 580:603 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 3 23 theme electron 300:307 arg1 microscopy 309:318 Scanning electron microscopy 291:318 Scanning electron microscopy 291:318 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 3 24 theme functional 404:413 arg1 interactions 421:432 functional group interactions 404:432 functional group interactions 404:432 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 7 25 theme rutin 904:908 arg1 release 893:899 controlled release 882:899 controlled release of rutin 882:908 The RNs dispersed in the CS film provided controlled release of rutin. 28504159 6 26 theme cumulative 740:749 arg1 % 808:808 27.1-36.9% 799:808 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin 799:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 26 theme cumulative 740:749 arg1 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 rutin 833:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 26 theme cumulative 740:749 arg1 amount 823:828 the total amount 813:828 the total amount of rutin 813:837 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 26 theme cumulative 740:749 arg1 rutin 761:765 rutin 761:765 rutin 761:765 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 6 26 theme cumulative 740:749 arg1 amount 751:756 The cumulative amount 736:756 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h 736:793 The cumulative amount of rutin detected in vitro after 12h was 27.1-36.9% of the total amount of rutin. 28504159 5 27 theme RN-CS 724:728 arg1 film 730:733 the RN-CS film 720:733 the RN-CS film 720:733 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 0 28 theme zein-rutin 30:39 arg1 films 76:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 Preparation and properties of zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films. 28504159 5 29 theme water 700:704 arg1 solubility 706:715 water solubility 700:715 water solubility 700:715 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 7 30 theme CS 865:866 arg1 film 868:871 the CS film 861:871 the CS film 861:871 The RNs dispersed in the CS film provided controlled release of rutin. 28504159 5 31 theme film 730:733 arg1 permeability 683:694 water vapor permeability 671:694 water vapor permeability 671:694 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 5 31 theme film 730:733 arg1 solubility 706:715 water solubility 700:715 water solubility 700:715 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 0 32 theme starch 69:74 arg1 films 76:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films 30:80 Preparation and properties of zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films. 28504159 4 33 theme tensile 439:445 arg1 strength 447:454 tensile strength 439:454 tensile strength 439:454 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 1.19 to 2.42MPa, and from 42.10 to 78.84%, respectively, with increasing RN loading. 28504159 5 34 theme vapor 677:681 arg1 permeability 683:694 water vapor permeability 671:694 water vapor permeability 671:694 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 3 35 theme infrared 342:349 arg1 spectroscopy 351:362 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 324:362 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 324:362 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 2 36 theme CS 248:249 arg1 films 251:255 CS films 248:255 CS films 248:255 RNs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10%, w/w) were incorporated into CS films, to act as a natural antioxidant. 28504159 3 37 theme Scanning 291:298 arg1 microscopy 309:318 Scanning electron microscopy 291:318 Scanning electron microscopy 291:318 Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and functional group interactions. 28504159 4 38 dep 78.84 530:534 arg1 to 527:528 to 527:528 to 527:528 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 1.19 to 2.42MPa, and from 42.10 to 78.84%, respectively, with increasing RN loading. 28504159 1 39 theme zein-rutin 126:135 arg1 RNs 162:164 RNs 162:164 RNs 162:164 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 1 39 theme zein-rutin 126:135 arg1 nanoparticles 147:159 zein-rutin composite nanoparticles 126:159 zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) 126:165 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 5 40 theme structure 640:648 arg1 formation 616:624 the formation 612:624 the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film 612:733 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 1 41 theme composite 137:145 arg1 RNs 162:164 RNs 162:164 RNs 162:164 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 1 41 theme composite 137:145 arg1 nanoparticles 147:159 zein-rutin composite nanoparticles 126:159 zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) 126:165 Edible active films were prepared based on zein-rutin composite nanoparticles (RNs) and corn starch (CS). 28504159 7 42 theme controlled 882:891 arg1 release 893:899 controlled release 882:899 controlled release of rutin 882:908 The RNs dispersed in the CS film provided controlled release of rutin. 28504159 5 43 theme net-like 631:638 arg1 structure 640:648 a net-like structure 629:648 a net-like structure 629:648 The incorporation of RNs led to the formation of a net-like structure, which decreased the water vapor permeability and water solubility of the RN-CS film. 28504159 0 44 theme films 76:80 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films. 28504159 0 44 theme films 76:80 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of zein-rutin composite nanoparticle/corn starch films. 28504159 2 45 dep RNs 189:191 arg1 w/w 220:222 w/w 220:222 w/w 220:222 RNs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10%, w/w) were incorporated into CS films, to act as a natural antioxidant. 28504159 2 45 dep RNs 189:191 arg1 % 217:217 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10% 194:217 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10% 194:217 RNs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10%, w/w) were incorporated into CS films, to act as a natural antioxidant. 24394634 2 0 theme new 640:642 arg1 bone 644:647 new bone 640:647 new bone 640:647 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 3 1 theme differentiations 718:733 arg1 study 682:686 An in vitro study 670:686 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 670:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 5 2 theme test 1304:1307 arg1 assay 1250:1254 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 5 2 theme test 1304:1307 arg1 activity/staining 1199:1215 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 7 3 theme high 1576:1579 arg1 level 1581:1585 a high level 1574:1585 a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 1574:1675 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 2 4 theme formation 627:635 arg1 level 618:622 a high level 611:622 a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization 611:667 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 1 5 theme scaffold 308:315 arg1 implants 317:324 scaffold implants 308:324 scaffold implants 308:324 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 5 6 with groups 1097:1102 arg1 RGD 1109:1111 RGD 1109:1111 RGD 1109:1111 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 3 7 theme stem 776:779 arg1 cells 781:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 738:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 738:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 3 7 theme stem 776:779 arg1 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 6 8 from effect 1360:1365 arg1 enhancement 1391:1401 the enhancement 1387:1401 the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1387:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 7 9 theme RGD 1509:1511 arg1 modification 1513:1524 RGD modification 1509:1524 RGD modification 1509:1524 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 0 10 theme modification 176:187 arg1 ultrasound 214:223 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 193:223 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 193:223 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 0 10 theme modification 176:187 arg1 effects 161:167 synergistic effects 149:167 synergistic effects of RGD modification 149:187 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 6 11 theme synergistic 1348:1358 arg1 effect 1360:1365 The positive synergistic effect 1335:1365 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1335:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 6 12 theme hMSCs 1443:1447 arg1 proliferation 1406:1418 proliferation 1406:1418 proliferation 1406:1418 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 6 12 theme hMSCs 1443:1447 arg1 differentiation 1424:1438 differentiation 1424:1438 differentiation 1424:1438 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 5 13 theme control 1130:1136 arg1 ones 1138:1141 the control ones 1126:1141 the control ones 1126:1141 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 1 14 theme formation 239:247 arg1 level 230:234 The level 226:234 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 226:324 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 1 14 theme formation 239:247 arg1 factor 354:359 a critical factor 343:359 a critical factor for clinical application 343:384 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 6 15 theme positive 1339:1346 arg1 effect 1360:1365 The positive synergistic effect 1335:1365 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1335:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 6 16 theme differentiation 1424:1438 arg1 enhancement 1391:1401 the enhancement 1387:1401 the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1387:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 1 17 theme new 252:254 arg1 bone 256:259 new bone 252:259 new bone 252:259 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 7 18 from level 1581:1585 arg1 tissue 1640:1645 bone tissue 1635:1645 bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 1635:1675 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 4 19 theme cells 970:974 arg1 proliferation 933:945 proliferation 933:945 proliferation 933:945 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 4 19 theme cells 970:974 arg1 attachment 921:930 attachment 921:930 attachment 921:930 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 4 19 theme cells 970:974 arg1 differentiation 951:965 differentiation 951:965 differentiation 951:965 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 6 20 theme proliferation 1406:1418 arg1 enhancement 1391:1401 the enhancement 1387:1401 the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1387:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 5 21 theme cell 985:988 arg1 assay 1000:1004 The MTT cell viability assay 977:1004 The MTT cell viability assay 977:1004 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 0 22 theme low-intensity 193:205 arg1 ultrasound 214:223 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 193:223 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 193:223 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 4 23 attach presented 881:889 arg1 proliferation 933:945 proliferation 933:945 proliferation 933:945 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 4 23 attach presented 881:889 arg2 hydrogels 871:879 RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels 849:879 RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels 849:879 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 4 23 attach presented 881:889 arg1 attachment 921:930 attachment 921:930 attachment 921:930 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 4 23 attach presented 881:889 arg1 differentiation 951:965 differentiation 951:965 differentiation 951:965 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 0 24 theme cells 81:85 arg1 differentiation 19:33 bilineage differentiation 9:33 bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 9:85 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 5 25 theme alkaline 1178:1185 arg1 phosphatase 1187:1197 alkaline phosphatase 1178:1197 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 2 26 theme pulsed 535:540 arg1 ultrasound 542:551 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 521:551 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) 521:559 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 26 theme pulsed 535:540 arg1 LIPUS 554:558 LIPUS 554:558 LIPUS 554:558 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 27 theme oxidized 90:97 arg1 chitosan 126:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 2 28 theme mechanical 564:573 arg1 stimulation 575:585 mechanical stimulation 564:585 mechanical stimulation 564:585 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 29 from Study 0:4 arg1 chitosan 126:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 0 30 theme alginate/N-succinyl 106:124 arg1 chitosan 126:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 2 31 theme RGD-grafted 423:433 arg1 hydrogel 494:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 31 theme RGD-grafted 423:433 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a scaffold 506:515 a scaffold 506:515 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 5 32 theme endothelial 1312:1322 arg1 induction 1324:1332 endothelial induction 1312:1332 endothelial induction 1312:1332 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 2 33 theme RGD-OSA/NSC 481:491 arg1 hydrogel 494:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 33 theme RGD-OSA/NSC 481:491 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a scaffold 506:515 a scaffold 506:515 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 34 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 hydrogel 494:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 34 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a scaffold 506:515 a scaffold 506:515 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 35 theme bilineage 9:17 arg1 differentiation 19:33 bilineage differentiation 9:33 bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 9:85 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 5 36 theme induction 1270:1278 arg1 assay 1250:1254 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 5 36 theme induction 1270:1278 arg1 activity/staining 1199:1215 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 5 37 theme total 1022:1026 arg1 number 1028:1033 the total number 1018:1033 the total number of cells 1018:1042 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 2 38 theme sodium 444:449 arg1 hydrogel 494:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 38 theme sodium 444:449 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a scaffold 506:515 a scaffold 506:515 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 5 39 theme mineralized 1221:1231 arg1 formation 1240:1248 mineralized nodule formation 1221:1248 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 3 40 theme in 673:674 arg1 study 682:686 An in vitro study 670:686 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 670:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 4 41 theme good 891:894 arg1 properties 907:916 good biological properties 891:916 good biological properties 891:916 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 0 42 theme mesenchymal 64:74 arg1 cells 81:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 5 43 theme formation 1240:1248 arg1 assay 1250:1254 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 1 44 theme clinical 365:372 arg1 application 374:384 clinical application 365:384 clinical application 365:384 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 7 45 theme new 1603:1605 arg1 bone 1607:1610 new bone 1603:1610 new bone 1603:1610 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 4 46 theme biological 896:905 arg1 properties 907:916 good biological properties 891:916 good biological properties 891:916 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 3 47 theme osteogenic 707:716 arg1 differentiations 718:733 osteogenic differentiations 707:733 osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 707:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 1 48 theme bone 256:259 arg1 formation 239:247 formation 239:247 formation of new bone and vascularization 239:279 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 7 49 theme formation 1590:1598 arg1 level 1581:1585 a high level 1574:1585 a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 1574:1675 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 3 50 theme endothelial 691:701 arg1 study 682:686 An in vitro study 670:686 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 670:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 4 51 theme RGD-OSA/NSC 849:859 arg1 hydrogels 871:879 RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels 849:879 RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels 849:879 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 1 52 theme vascularization 265:279 arg1 formation 239:247 formation 239:247 formation of new bone and vascularization 239:279 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 5 53 theme nodule 1233:1238 arg1 formation 1240:1248 mineralized nodule formation 1221:1248 mineralized nodule formation assay 1221:1254 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 3 54 theme mesenchymal 764:774 arg1 cells 781:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 738:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 738:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 3 54 theme mesenchymal 764:774 arg1 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 1 55 theme bone 284:287 arg1 tissue 289:294 bone tissue 284:294 bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 284:324 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 6 56 theme RGD 1380:1382 arg1 effect 1360:1365 The positive synergistic effect 1335:1365 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1335:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 6 57 theme LIPUS 1370:1374 arg1 effect 1360:1365 The positive synergistic effect 1335:1365 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs 1335:1447 The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. 24394634 2 58 theme vascularization 653:667 arg1 formation 627:635 formation 627:635 formation of new bone and vascularization 627:667 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 7 59 theme LIPUS 1530:1534 arg1 use 1502:1504 the hybrid use 1491:1504 the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS 1491:1534 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 3 60 theme cells 781:785 arg1 endothelial 691:701 endothelial 691:701 endothelial 691:701 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 3 60 theme cells 781:785 arg1 differentiations 718:733 osteogenic differentiations 707:733 osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 707:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 5 61 theme immunohistochemical 1284:1302 arg1 test 1304:1307 immunohistochemical test 1284:1307 immunohistochemical test 1284:1307 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 2 62 theme bone 644:647 arg1 formation 627:635 formation 627:635 formation of new bone and vascularization 627:667 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 63 link human-bone-marrow-derived 38:62 arg1 cells 81:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 7 64 theme modification 1513:1524 arg1 use 1502:1504 the hybrid use 1491:1504 the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS 1491:1534 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 3 65 link human-bone-marrow-derived 738:762 arg1 cells 781:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 738:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 738:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 3 65 link human-bone-marrow-derived 738:762 arg1 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 0 66 theme RGD 172:174 arg1 modification 176:187 RGD modification 172:187 RGD modification 172:187 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 7 67 theme hybrid 1495:1500 arg1 use 1502:1504 the hybrid use 1491:1504 the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS 1491:1534 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 5 68 theme similar 1144:1150 arg1 results 1152:1158 similar results 1144:1158 similar results 1144:1158 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 5 69 theme MTT 981:983 arg1 assay 1000:1004 The MTT cell viability assay 977:1004 The MTT cell viability assay 977:1004 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 2 70 theme high 613:616 arg1 level 618:622 a high level 611:622 a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization 611:667 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 71 theme pulsed 207:212 arg1 ultrasound 214:223 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 193:223 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 193:223 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 5 72 theme viability 990:998 arg1 assay 1000:1004 The MTT cell viability assay 977:1004 The MTT cell viability assay 977:1004 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 1 73 from level 230:234 arg1 tissue 289:294 bone tissue 284:294 bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 284:324 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 5 74 theme induction 1324:1332 arg1 induction 1270:1278 osteogenic induction 1259:1278 osteogenic induction 1259:1278 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 5 74 theme induction 1324:1332 arg1 test 1304:1307 immunohistochemical test 1284:1307 immunohistochemical test 1284:1307 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 0 75 theme sodium 99:104 arg1 chitosan 126:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 90:133 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 5 76 theme phosphatase 1187:1197 arg1 activity/staining 1199:1215 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 alkaline phosphatase activity/staining 1178:1215 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 7 77 theme scaffold 1659:1666 arg1 implants 1668:1675 scaffold implants 1659:1675 scaffold implants 1659:1675 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 2 78 theme low-intensity 521:533 arg1 ultrasound 542:551 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 521:551 low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) 521:559 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 78 theme low-intensity 521:533 arg1 LIPUS 554:558 LIPUS 554:558 LIPUS 554:558 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 5 79 theme cells 1038:1042 arg1 number 1028:1033 the total number 1018:1033 the total number of cells 1018:1042 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 0 80 theme differentiation 19:33 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan 0:133 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 5 81 theme osteogenic 1259:1268 arg1 induction 1270:1278 osteogenic induction 1259:1278 osteogenic induction 1259:1278 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 2 82 theme alginate/N-succinyl 451:469 arg1 hydrogel 494:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 82 theme alginate/N-succinyl 451:469 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a scaffold 506:515 a scaffold 506:515 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 83 theme human-bone-marrow-derived 38:62 arg1 cells 81:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 7 84 theme bone 1635:1638 arg1 tissue 1640:1645 bone tissue 1635:1645 bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 1635:1675 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 5 85 theme LIPUS-stimulated 1080:1095 arg1 groups 1097:1102 the LIPUS-stimulated groups 1076:1102 the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD 1076:1111 The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. 24394634 4 86 theme composite 861:869 arg1 hydrogels 871:879 RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels 849:879 RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels 849:879 The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. 24394634 2 87 theme oxidized 435:442 arg1 hydrogel 494:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel 420:501 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 2 87 theme oxidized 435:442 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a scaffold 506:515 a scaffold 506:515 In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. 24394634 0 88 theme stem 76:79 arg1 cells 81:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 38:85 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 1 89 theme critical 345:352 arg1 level 230:234 The level 226:234 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants 226:324 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 1 89 theme critical 345:352 arg1 factor 354:359 a critical factor 343:359 a critical factor for clinical application 343:384 The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. 24394634 7 90 theme vascularization 1616:1630 arg1 formation 1590:1598 formation 1590:1598 formation of new bone and vascularization 1590:1630 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 7 91 theme bone 1607:1610 arg1 formation 1590:1598 formation 1590:1598 formation of new bone and vascularization 1590:1630 These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants. 24394634 3 92 dep in 673:674 arg1 vitro 676:680 vitro 676:680 vitro 676:680 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 0 93 theme synergistic 149:159 arg1 effects 161:167 synergistic effects 149:167 synergistic effects of RGD modification 149:187 Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. 24394634 3 94 theme human-bone-marrow-derived 738:762 arg1 cells 781:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 738:785 human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 738:793 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 24394634 3 94 theme human-bone-marrow-derived 738:762 arg1 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 hMSCs 788:792 An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. 26003301 3 0 theme surface 586:592 arg1 wettability 594:604 surface wettability 586:604 surface wettability 586:604 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 1 contain have 510:513 arg2 effect 528:533 shape memory effect 515:533 shape memory effect 515:533 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 1 contain have 510:513 arg1 CNMs 505:508 The obtained CNMs 492:508 The obtained CNMs 492:508 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 4 2 theme fixation-assisted 923:939 arg1 processing 946:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 4 3 theme recovery-assisted 967:983 arg1 closure 985:991 shape recovery-assisted closure 961:991 shape recovery-assisted closure 961:991 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 1 4 theme desirable 169:177 arg1 characteristics 179:193 desirable characteristics 169:193 desirable characteristics in biomedical applications 169:220 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 4 5 theme shape 917:921 arg1 processing 946:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 2 6 theme chitosan 356:363 arg1 blends 346:351 blends 346:351 blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution 346:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 1 7 from characteristics 179:193 arg1 applications 209:220 biomedical applications 198:220 biomedical applications 198:220 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 3 8 theme desirable 544:552 arg1 ratio 579:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 4 9 theme easy 941:944 arg1 processing 946:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 3 10 theme water 554:558 arg1 ratio 579:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 11 theme obtained 496:503 arg1 CNMs 505:508 The obtained CNMs 492:508 The obtained CNMs 492:508 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 4 12 theme wound 895:899 arg1 healing 901:907 the wound healing 891:907 the wound healing 891:907 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 2 13 theme polyurethane 391:402 arg1 blends 346:351 blends 346:351 blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution 346:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 5 14 used used 1107:1110 arg2 dressings 1137:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 5 14 used used 1107:1110 arg2 CNMs 1071:1074 the CNMs 1067:1074 the CNMs presented in this study 1067:1098 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 1 15 theme Composite 90:98 arg1 nanofibers 100:109 Composite nanofibers 90:109 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers 90:153 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 2 16 theme memory 384:389 arg1 polyurethane 391:402 shape memory polyurethane 378:402 shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) 378:409 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 16 theme memory 384:389 arg1 SMPU 405:408 SMPU 405:408 SMPU 405:408 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 17 theme shape 378:382 arg1 polyurethane 391:402 shape memory polyurethane 378:402 shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) 378:409 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 17 theme shape 378:382 arg1 SMPU 405:408 SMPU 405:408 SMPU 405:408 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 0 18 theme electrospun 26:36 arg1 nanofibrous 48:58 multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 9:58 multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 9:58 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing. 26003301 4 19 theme such 860:863 arg1 CNMs 865:868 such CNMs 860:868 such CNMs 860:868 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 4 20 theme cracked 996:1002 arg1 wounds 1004:1009 cracked wounds 996:1009 cracked wounds 996:1009 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 2 21 theme nm 312:313 arg1 diameters 288:296 diameters 288:296 diameters of around 300 nm 288:313 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 22 theme electrospinning 414:428 arg1 post-treatment 445:458 electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment 414:458 electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution 414:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 0 23 theme multi-functional 9:24 arg1 nanofibrous 48:58 multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 9:58 multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 9:58 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing. 26003301 3 24 theme hemostatic 790:799 arg1 property 801:808 the hemostatic property 786:808 the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test 786:844 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 5 25 theme smart 1125:1129 arg1 CNMs 1071:1074 the CNMs 1067:1074 the CNMs presented in this study 1067:1098 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 5 25 theme smart 1125:1129 arg1 dressings 1137:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 3 26 theme transmission 566:577 arg1 ratio 579:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 0 27 theme nanofibrous 48:58 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 0:58 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing. 26003301 2 28 with mats 260:263 arg1 diameters 288:296 diameters 288:296 diameters of around 300 nm 288:313 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 3 29 theme common 687:692 arg1 bacteria 726:733 the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 683:733 the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 683:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 0 30 theme composite 38:46 arg1 nanofibrous 48:58 multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 9:58 multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous 9:58 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing. 26003301 2 31 theme nitrate 474:480 arg1 solution 482:489 a silver nitrate solution 465:489 a silver nitrate solution 465:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 32 theme subsequent 434:443 arg1 post-treatment 445:458 electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment 414:458 electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution 414:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 33 dep mats 260:263 arg1 denoted 266:272 denoted 266:272 denoted as CNMs 266:280 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 2 34 theme silver 467:472 arg1 solution 482:489 a silver nitrate solution 465:489 a silver nitrate solution 465:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 4 35 theme shape 961:965 arg1 closure 985:991 shape recovery-assisted closure 961:991 shape recovery-assisted closure 961:991 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 2 36 theme nanofibrous 248:258 arg1 mats 260:263 composite nanofibrous mats 238:263 composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm 238:313 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 1 37 theme synthetic 124:132 arg1 polymers 146:153 synthetic and natural polymers 124:153 synthetic and natural polymers 124:153 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 4 38 theme wounds 1004:1009 arg1 closure 985:991 shape recovery-assisted closure 961:991 shape recovery-assisted closure 961:991 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 4 38 theme wounds 1004:1009 arg1 processing 946:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 shape fixation-assisted easy processing 917:955 In addition, such CNMs can possibly benefit the wound healing through shape fixation-assisted easy processing and shape recovery-assisted closure of cracked wounds, which can be fine-tuned by pre-programming. 26003301 3 39 theme whole-blood 820:830 arg1 test 841:844 a whole-blood clotting test 818:844 a whole-blood clotting test 818:844 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 40 theme Gram-positive 712:724 arg1 bacteria 726:733 the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 683:733 the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 683:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 2 41 theme composite 238:246 arg1 mats 260:263 composite nanofibrous mats 238:263 composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm 238:313 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 3 42 theme shape 515:519 arg1 effect 528:533 shape memory effect 515:533 shape memory effect 515:533 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 1 43 attach derived 111:117 arg2 nanofibers 100:109 Composite nanofibers 90:109 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers 90:153 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 1 43 attach derived 111:117 arg1 polymers 146:153 synthetic and natural polymers 124:153 synthetic and natural polymers 124:153 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 3 44 theme satisfactory 607:618 arg1 properties 631:640 satisfactory biological properties 607:640 satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 607:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 44 theme satisfactory 607:618 arg1 activity 666:673 antibacterial activity 652:673 antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 652:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 2 45 with post-treatment 445:458 arg1 solution 482:489 a silver nitrate solution 465:489 a silver nitrate solution 465:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 26003301 1 46 theme natural 138:144 arg1 polymers 146:153 synthetic and natural polymers 124:153 synthetic and natural polymers 124:153 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 3 47 theme vapor 560:564 arg1 ratio 579:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 desirable water vapor transmission ratio 544:583 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 48 theme clotting 832:839 arg1 test 841:844 a whole-blood clotting test 818:844 a whole-blood clotting test 818:844 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 49 theme Gram-negative 694:706 arg1 bacteria 726:733 the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 683:733 the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 683:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 50 theme antibacterial 652:664 arg1 activity 666:673 antibacterial activity 652:673 antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 652:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 5 51 theme wound 1131:1135 arg1 CNMs 1071:1074 the CNMs 1067:1074 the CNMs presented in this study 1067:1098 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 5 51 theme wound 1131:1135 arg1 dressings 1137:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 0 52 theme wound 75:79 arg1 healing 81:87 smart wound healing 69:87 smart wound healing 69:87 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing. 26003301 5 53 theme potential 1115:1123 arg1 CNMs 1071:1074 the CNMs 1067:1074 the CNMs presented in this study 1067:1098 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 5 53 theme potential 1115:1123 arg1 dressings 1137:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 potential smart wound dressings 1115:1145 Therefore, the CNMs presented in this study can be used as potential smart wound dressings. 26003301 3 54 theme biological 620:629 arg1 properties 631:640 satisfactory biological properties 607:640 satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 607:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 54 theme biological 620:629 arg1 activity 666:673 antibacterial activity 652:673 antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 652:733 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 3 55 theme memory 521:526 arg1 effect 528:533 shape memory effect 515:533 shape memory effect 515:533 The obtained CNMs have shape memory effect and show desirable water vapor transmission ratio, surface wettability, satisfactory biological properties including antibacterial activity against the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility demonstrated to fibroblast, and the hemostatic property through a whole-blood clotting test. 26003301 1 56 theme biomedical 198:207 arg1 applications 209:220 biomedical applications 198:220 biomedical applications 198:220 Composite nanofibers derived from synthetic and natural polymers normally show desirable characteristics in biomedical applications. 26003301 0 57 theme smart 69:73 arg1 healing 81:87 smart wound healing 69:87 smart wound healing 69:87 Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing. 26003301 2 58 theme gelatin 366:372 arg1 blends 346:351 blends 346:351 blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution 346:489 In this study, composite nanofibrous mats (denoted as CNMs) with diameters of around 300 nm were fabricated facilely using blends of chitosan, gelatin and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment with a silver nitrate solution. 27089426 1 0 theme CED 308:310 arg1 degree 326:331 CED and cellulose degree 308:331 CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 308:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 4 1 theme SO2-ethanol-water 778:794 arg1 process 796:802 SO2-ethanol-water process 778:802 SO2-ethanol-water process 778:802 Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP. 27089426 1 2 from straw 158:162 arg1 terms 167:171 terms 167:171 terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization) 167:350 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 4 3 theme SC 829:830 arg1 straw 832:836 SC straw 829:836 SC straw 829:836 Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP. 27089426 2 4 theme liquor 429:434 arg1 composition 436:446 fixed liquor composition 423:446 fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) 423:484 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 1 5 dep properties 254:263 arg1 number 272:277 kappa number 266:277 kappa number 266:277 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 5 dep properties 254:263 arg1 viscosity 295:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity 280:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 280:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 6 from viscosity 295:303 arg1 degree 326:331 CED and cellulose degree 308:331 CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 308:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 3 7 theme wheat 755:759 arg1 straw 761:765 wheat straw 755:765 wheat straw 755:765 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 7 theme wheat 755:759 arg1 substrates 725:734 other lignocellulosic substrates 703:734 other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw) 703:766 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 8 theme cellulose 316:324 arg1 degree 326:331 CED and cellulose degree 308:331 CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 308:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 4 9 from components 889:898 arg1 cellulose 852:860 cellulose 852:860 cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components 852:898 Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP. 27089426 4 9 from components 889:898 arg1 xylan 904:908 xylan 904:908 xylan 904:908 Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP. 27089426 4 10 theme non-carbohydrate 872:887 arg1 components 889:898 both non-carbohydrate components 867:898 both non-carbohydrate components 867:898 Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP. 27089426 3 11 theme acid 654:657 arg1 hydrolysis 659:668 acid hydrolysis 654:668 acid hydrolysis of cellulose 654:681 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 12 theme hydrolysis 659:668 arg1 terms 553:557 terms 553:557 terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, 553:682 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 2 13 theme temperature 363:373 arg1 Effect 353:358 Effect 353:358 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) 353:406 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 1 14 theme polymerization 336:349 arg1 degree 326:331 CED and cellulose degree 308:331 CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 308:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 4 15 theme cellulose 925:933 arg1 DP 935:936 cellulose DP 925:936 cellulose DP 925:936 Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP. 27089426 3 16 theme xylan 636:640 arg1 reactions 582:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 16 theme xylan 636:640 arg1 removal 593:599 removal 593:599 removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan 593:640 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 16 theme xylan 636:640 arg1 hydrolysis 659:668 acid hydrolysis 654:668 acid hydrolysis of cellulose 654:681 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 17 theme properties 254:263 arg1 terms 167:171 terms 167:171 terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization) 167:350 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 18 theme SO2-ethanol-water 84:100 arg1 fractionation 110:122 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 84:122 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 84:122 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 0 19 theme SO2-ethanol-water 12:28 arg1 fractionation 38:50 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 12:50 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw 12:69 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. 27089426 1 20 theme kappa 266:270 arg1 number 272:277 kappa number 266:277 kappa number 266:277 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 20 theme kappa 266:270 arg1 viscosity 295:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity 280:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 280:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 3 21 theme reactions 582:590 arg1 terms 553:557 terms 553:557 terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, 553:682 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 22 theme AVAP® 103:107 arg1 fractionation 110:122 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 84:122 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 84:122 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 23 theme pulp 176:179 arg1 composition 181:191 pulp composition 176:191 pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) 176:248 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 2 24 theme fixed 423:427 arg1 composition 436:446 fixed liquor composition 423:446 fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) 423:484 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 3 25 theme cellulose 673:681 arg1 reactions 582:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 25 theme cellulose 673:681 arg1 removal 593:599 removal 593:599 removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan 593:640 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 25 theme cellulose 673:681 arg1 hydrolysis 659:668 acid hydrolysis 654:668 acid hydrolysis of cellulose 654:681 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 2 26 theme liquor-to-solid 492:506 arg1 ratio 508:512 a liquor-to-solid ratio 490:512 a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)) 490:523 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 2 26 theme liquor-to-solid 492:506 arg1 4Lkg 515:518 4Lkg(-1) 515:522 4Lkg(-1) 515:522 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 3 27 dep substrates 725:734 arg1 spruce 744:749 spruce 744:749 spruce 744:749 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 27 dep substrates 725:734 arg1 straw 761:765 wheat straw 755:765 wheat straw 755:765 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 27 dep substrates 725:734 arg1 beech 737:741 beech 737:741 beech 737:741 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 27 dep substrates 725:734 arg1 substrates 725:734 other lignocellulosic substrates 703:734 other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw) 703:766 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 28 theme composition 181:191 arg1 terms 167:171 terms 167:171 terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization) 167:350 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 0 29 theme AVAP® 31:35 arg1 fractionation 38:50 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 12:50 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw 12:69 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. 27089426 3 30 theme major 562:566 arg1 reactions 582:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 31 theme pulp 280:283 arg1 number 272:277 kappa number 266:277 kappa number 266:277 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 31 theme pulp 280:283 arg1 viscosity 295:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity 280:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 280:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 2 32 dep composition 436:446 arg1 w/w 481:483 w/w 481:483 w/w 481:483 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 2 32 dep composition 436:446 arg1 SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5 449:478 SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5 449:478 SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5 449:478 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 3 33 theme fractionation 568:580 arg1 reactions 582:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 0 34 theme fractionation 38:50 arg1 Kinetics 0:7 Kinetics 0:7 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. 0:70 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. 27089426 1 35 theme intrinsic 285:293 arg1 number 272:277 kappa number 266:277 kappa number 266:277 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 35 theme intrinsic 285:293 arg1 viscosity 295:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity 280:303 pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization 280:349 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 3 36 theme non-carbohydrate 604:619 arg1 components 621:630 non-carbohydrate components 604:630 non-carbohydrate components 604:630 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 37 theme fractionation 110:122 arg1 Kinetics 72:79 Kinetics 72:79 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 72:122 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 3 38 theme components 621:630 arg1 reactions 582:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 major fractionation reactions 562:590 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 38 theme components 621:630 arg1 removal 593:599 removal 593:599 removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan 593:640 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 38 theme components 621:630 arg1 hydrolysis 659:668 acid hydrolysis 654:668 acid hydrolysis of cellulose 654:681 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 1 39 dep composition 181:191 arg1 hemicelluloses 234:247 hemicelluloses 234:247 hemicelluloses 234:247 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 39 dep composition 181:191 arg1 cellulose 223:231 cellulose 223:231 cellulose 223:231 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 39 dep composition 181:191 arg1 components 211:220 non-carbohydrate components 194:220 non-carbohydrate components 194:220 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 40 theme non-carbohydrate 194:209 arg1 hemicelluloses 234:247 hemicelluloses 234:247 hemicelluloses 234:247 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 40 theme non-carbohydrate 194:209 arg1 cellulose 223:231 cellulose 223:231 cellulose 223:231 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 1 40 theme non-carbohydrate 194:209 arg1 components 211:220 non-carbohydrate components 194:220 non-carbohydrate components 194:220 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 3 41 theme removal 593:599 arg1 terms 553:557 terms 553:557 terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, 553:682 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 0 42 theme straw 65:69 arg1 fractionation 38:50 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation 12:50 SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw 12:69 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. 27089426 3 43 theme lignocellulosic 709:723 arg1 spruce 744:749 spruce 744:749 spruce 744:749 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 43 theme lignocellulosic 709:723 arg1 straw 761:765 wheat straw 755:765 wheat straw 755:765 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 43 theme lignocellulosic 709:723 arg1 beech 737:741 beech 737:741 beech 737:741 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 43 theme lignocellulosic 709:723 arg1 substrates 725:734 other lignocellulosic substrates 703:734 other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw) 703:766 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 0 44 theme sugarcane 55:63 arg1 straw 65:69 sugarcane straw 55:69 sugarcane straw 55:69 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. 27089426 2 45 theme time 391:394 arg1 Effect 353:358 Effect 353:358 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) 353:406 Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). 27089426 1 46 theme sugarcane 143:151 arg1 straw 158:162 sugarcane (SC) straw 143:162 sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization) 143:350 Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). 27089426 3 47 theme other 703:707 arg1 spruce 744:749 spruce 744:749 spruce 744:749 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 47 theme other 703:707 arg1 straw 761:765 wheat straw 755:765 wheat straw 755:765 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 47 theme other 703:707 arg1 beech 737:741 beech 737:741 beech 737:741 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 27089426 3 47 theme other 703:707 arg1 substrates 725:734 other lignocellulosic substrates 703:734 other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw) 703:766 Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). 25214211 6 0 theme apoptotic 802:810 arg1 index 812:816 the apoptotic index 798:816 the apoptotic index in the OVX-CH-BG group 798:839 In vivo, the apoptotic index in the OVX-CH-BG group was decreased by 80%. 25214211 7 1 theme CH-BG 943:947 arg1 implantation 949:960 CH-BG implantation 943:960 CH-BG implantation (40%) 943:966 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 7 1 theme CH-BG 943:947 arg1 % 965:965 40% 963:965 40% 963:965 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 7 2 theme hardness 876:883 arg1 test 885:888 A mechanical hardness test 863:888 A mechanical hardness test 863:888 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 7 3 theme significant 899:909 arg1 improvement 925:935 a significant bone strength improvement 897:935 a significant bone strength improvement 897:935 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 0 4 theme bioglass-chitosan 160:176 arg1 composite 178:186 a bioglass-chitosan composite 158:186 a bioglass-chitosan composite 158:186 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 1 5 theme -doped 229:234 arg1 BG 253:254 BG 253:254 BG 253:254 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 1 5 theme -doped 229:234 arg1 glass 246:250 -doped bioactive glass 229:250 chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) 216:255 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 1 6 theme bioactive 236:244 arg1 BG 253:254 BG 253:254 BG 253:254 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 1 6 theme bioactive 236:244 arg1 glass 246:250 -doped bioactive glass 229:250 chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) 216:255 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 0 7 theme 31 81:82 arg1 P 84:84 P 84:84 P 84:84 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 6 8 from index 812:816 arg1 group 835:839 the OVX-CH-BG group 821:839 the OVX-CH-BG group 821:839 In vivo, the apoptotic index in the OVX-CH-BG group was decreased by 80%. 25214211 3 9 dep ovariectomized 401:414 arg1 OVX 417:419 OVX 417:419 OVX 417:419 In vivo, Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and CH, BG and CH-BG were implanted in bone tissue. 25214211 2 10 theme CH-BG 322:326 arg1 effect 312:317 the effect 308:317 the effect of CH-BG 308:326 In vitro, the effect of CH-BG was assessed on human Saos-2 osteoblast cells. 25214211 5 11 theme transcription 611:623 arg1 factor 625:630 runt-related transcription factor 2 598:632 runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) 598:646 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 5 11 theme transcription 611:623 arg1 RUNX2/Cbfa1 635:645 RUNX2/Cbfa1 635:645 RUNX2/Cbfa1 635:645 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 7 12 theme bone 911:914 arg1 improvement 925:935 a significant bone strength improvement 897:935 a significant bone strength improvement 897:935 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 4 13 theme Saos-2 523:528 arg1 osteoblast 530:539 Saos-2 osteoblast 523:539 Saos-2 osteoblast 523:539 After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. 25214211 0 14 with treatment 143:151 arg1 composite 178:186 a bioglass-chitosan composite 158:186 a bioglass-chitosan composite 158:186 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 3 15 theme bone 461:464 arg1 tissue 466:471 bone tissue 461:471 bone tissue 461:471 In vivo, Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and CH, BG and CH-BG were implanted in bone tissue. 25214211 2 16 theme osteoblast 357:366 arg1 cells 368:372 human Saos-2 osteoblast cells 344:372 human Saos-2 osteoblast cells 344:372 In vitro, the effect of CH-BG was assessed on human Saos-2 osteoblast cells. 25214211 0 17 theme P 84:84 arg1 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 0 17 theme P 84:84 arg1 studies 125:131 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 6 18 theme OVX-CH-BG 825:833 arg1 group 835:839 the OVX-CH-BG group 821:839 the OVX-CH-BG group 821:839 In vivo, the apoptotic index in the OVX-CH-BG group was decreased by 80%. 25214211 2 19 theme human 344:348 arg1 cells 368:372 human Saos-2 osteoblast cells 344:372 human Saos-2 osteoblast cells 344:372 In vitro, the effect of CH-BG was assessed on human Saos-2 osteoblast cells. 25214211 2 20 theme Saos-2 350:355 arg1 cells 368:372 human Saos-2 osteoblast cells 344:372 human Saos-2 osteoblast cells 344:372 In vitro, the effect of CH-BG was assessed on human Saos-2 osteoblast cells. 25214211 1 21 dep chitosan 216:223 arg1 BG 253:254 BG 253:254 BG 253:254 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 1 21 dep chitosan 216:223 arg1 glass 246:250 -doped bioactive glass 229:250 chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) 216:255 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 5 22 theme gene 669:672 arg1 expressions 674:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions 594:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions 594:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 3 23 theme Wistar 384:389 arg1 rats 391:394 Wistar rats 384:394 Wistar rats 384:394 In vivo, Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and CH, BG and CH-BG were implanted in bone tissue. 25214211 0 24 theme nuclear 98:104 arg1 resonance 115:123 nuclear magnetic resonance 98:123 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 4 25 theme osteoblast 530:539 arg1 viability 510:518 cell viability 505:518 cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast 505:539 After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. 25214211 0 26 theme solid-state 86:96 arg1 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 0 26 theme solid-state 86:96 arg1 studies 125:131 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 4 27 theme contact 496:502 arg1 days 482:485 3 days 480:485 3 days of CH-BG contact 480:502 After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. 25214211 1 28 theme performance 193:203 arg1 therapy 205:211 The performance therapy 189:211 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) 189:255 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 5 29 theme osteocalcin 652:662 arg1 expressions 674:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions 594:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions 594:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 0 30 theme resonance 115:123 arg1 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 0 30 theme resonance 115:123 arg1 studies 125:131 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 0 31 dep apoptotic 46:54 arg1 mechanical 57:66 mechanical 57:66 mechanical 57:66 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 7 32 theme mechanical 865:874 arg1 test 885:888 A mechanical hardness test 863:888 A mechanical hardness test 863:888 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 0 33 theme magnetic 106:113 arg1 resonance 115:123 nuclear magnetic resonance 98:123 (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies 80:131 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 7 34 theme strength 916:923 arg1 improvement 925:935 a significant bone strength improvement 897:935 a significant bone strength improvement 897:935 A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). 25214211 5 35 theme CH-BG 762:766 arg1 contact 751:757 contact 751:757 contact of CH-BG 751:766 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 8 36 dep bone 1042:1045 arg1 substitute 1047:1056 substitute 1047:1056 substitute 1047:1056 The CH-BG composite may therefore prove clinically useful as a bioactive bone substitute. 25214211 5 37 theme runt-related 598:609 arg1 factor 625:630 runt-related transcription factor 2 598:632 runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) 598:646 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 5 37 theme runt-related 598:609 arg1 RUNX2/Cbfa1 635:645 RUNX2/Cbfa1 635:645 RUNX2/Cbfa1 635:645 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 8 38 theme CH-BG 973:977 arg1 composite 979:987 The CH-BG composite 969:987 The CH-BG composite 969:987 The CH-BG composite may therefore prove clinically useful as a bioactive bone substitute. 25214211 4 39 theme control 579:585 arg1 group 587:591 the control group 575:591 the control group 575:591 After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. 25214211 5 40 theme factor 625:630 arg1 expressions 674:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions 594:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions 594:684 The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. 25214211 4 41 theme cell 505:508 arg1 viability 510:518 cell viability 505:518 cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast 505:539 After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. 25214211 8 42 theme bioactive 1032:1040 arg1 bone 1042:1045 a bioactive bone 1030:1045 a bioactive bone substitute 1030:1056 The CH-BG composite may therefore prove clinically useful as a bioactive bone substitute. 25214211 1 43 theme chitosan 216:223 arg1 therapy 205:211 The performance therapy 189:211 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) 189:255 The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 25214211 0 44 theme gene-expression 19:33 arg1 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility 0:16 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 0 44 theme gene-expression 19:33 arg1 profiling 35:43 gene-expression profiling 19:43 gene-expression profiling 19:43 Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. 25214211 4 45 theme CH-BG 490:494 arg1 contact 496:502 CH-BG contact 490:502 CH-BG contact 490:502 After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. 24815402 6 0 theme particle 710:717 arg1 distribution 724:735 particle size distribution 710:735 particle size distribution 710:735 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 2 1 theme NaCl 369:372 arg1 concentration 344:356 concentration 344:356 concentration 344:356 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 2 1 theme NaCl 369:372 arg1 pH 337:338 pH 337:338 pH 337:338 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 6 2 theme leading 821:827 arg1 role 829:832 a leading role 819:832 a leading role 819:832 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 2 3 theme conjugates 311:320 arg1 related 326:332 related 326:332 related 326:332 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 2 3 theme conjugates 311:320 arg1 behavior 291:298 the phase behavior 281:298 the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates 281:320 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 2 4 theme OVA-CMC 303:309 arg1 conjugates 311:320 OVA-CMC conjugates 303:320 OVA-CMC conjugates 303:320 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 1 5 theme phase 77:81 arg1 behavior 83:90 The phase behavior 73:90 The phase behavior 73:90 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 6 6 theme CLSM 701:704 arg1 results 771:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results 701:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results 701:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 1 7 theme conjugates 185:194 arg1 microstructure 120:133 microstructure 120:133 microstructure 120:133 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 1 7 theme conjugates 185:194 arg1 behavior 83:90 The phase behavior 73:90 The phase behavior 73:90 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 1 7 theme conjugates 185:194 arg1 properties 105:114 rheological properties 93:114 rheological properties 93:114 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 3 8 theme phase 406:410 arg1 separation 412:421 discrete phase separation 397:421 discrete phase separation 397:421 When pH was over 5.0, discrete phase separation occurred in the mixture system, which indicated that OVA and CMC were thermodynamic incompatible. 24815402 3 9 theme mixture 439:445 arg1 system 447:452 the mixture system 435:452 the mixture system 435:452 When pH was over 5.0, discrete phase separation occurred in the mixture system, which indicated that OVA and CMC were thermodynamic incompatible. 24815402 5 10 theme NaCl 626:629 arg1 addition 614:621 The addition 610:621 The addition of NaCl 610:629 The addition of NaCl can improve the stability of composite system against pH sensitivity. 24815402 6 11 theme emptying 792:799 arg1 interactions 801:812 emptying interactions 792:812 emptying interactions 792:812 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 0 12 theme Phase 0:4 arg1 behavior 6:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose 0:53 Phase behavior of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose composite system. 24815402 4 13 theme uniform 552:558 arg1 system 576:581 uniform stable emulsion system 552:581 uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0 552:607 The mixture system turned into uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0. 24815402 1 14 theme rheological 93:103 arg1 properties 105:114 rheological properties 93:114 rheological properties 93:114 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 0 15 theme ovalbumin 18:26 arg1 behavior 6:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose 0:53 Phase behavior of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose composite system. 24815402 4 16 theme emulsion 567:574 arg1 system 576:581 uniform stable emulsion system 552:581 uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0 552:607 The mixture system turned into uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0. 24815402 1 17 theme influence 217:225 arg1 parameters 227:236 the influence parameters 213:236 the influence parameters 213:236 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 0 18 theme carboxymethylcellulose 32:53 arg1 behavior 6:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose 0:53 Phase behavior of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose composite system. 24815402 4 19 theme stable 560:565 arg1 system 576:581 uniform stable emulsion system 552:581 uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0 552:607 The mixture system turned into uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0. 24815402 4 20 theme mixture 525:531 arg1 system 533:538 The mixture system 521:538 The mixture system 521:538 The mixture system turned into uniform stable emulsion system when pH reduced below 5.0. 24815402 5 21 theme composite 660:668 arg1 system 670:675 composite system 660:675 composite system 660:675 The addition of NaCl can improve the stability of composite system against pH sensitivity. 24815402 6 22 theme analysis 762:769 arg1 results 771:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results 701:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results 701:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 2 23 theme CMC 361:363 arg1 concentration 344:356 concentration 344:356 concentration 344:356 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 2 23 theme CMC 361:363 arg1 pH 337:338 pH 337:338 pH 337:338 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 3 24 theme discrete 397:404 arg1 separation 412:421 discrete phase separation 397:421 discrete phase separation 397:421 When pH was over 5.0, discrete phase separation occurred in the mixture system, which indicated that OVA and CMC were thermodynamic incompatible. 24815402 5 25 theme system 670:675 arg1 stability 647:655 the stability 643:655 the stability of composite system against pH sensitivity 643:698 The addition of NaCl can improve the stability of composite system against pH sensitivity. 24815402 6 26 theme spectrum 753:760 arg1 analysis 762:769 ultraviolet spectrum analysis 741:769 ultraviolet spectrum analysis 741:769 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 6 27 theme separation 841:850 arg1 system 852:857 the separation system 837:857 the separation system 837:857 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 2 28 theme phase 285:289 arg1 related 326:332 related 326:332 related 326:332 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 2 28 theme phase 285:289 arg1 behavior 291:298 the phase behavior 281:298 the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates 281:320 The results showed that the phase behavior of OVA-CMC conjugates was related to pH and concentration of CMC and NaCl. 24815402 6 29 theme ultraviolet 741:751 arg1 analysis 762:769 ultraviolet spectrum analysis 741:769 ultraviolet spectrum analysis 741:769 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 1 30 theme ovalbumin 138:146 arg1 conjugates 185:194 ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates 138:194 ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates 138:194 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 5 31 theme pH 685:686 arg1 sensitivity 688:698 pH sensitivity 685:698 pH sensitivity 685:698 The addition of NaCl can improve the stability of composite system against pH sensitivity. 24815402 6 32 theme distribution 724:735 arg1 results 771:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results 701:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results 701:777 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 24815402 1 33 theme carboxymethylcellulose 152:173 arg1 conjugates 185:194 ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates 138:194 ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates 138:194 The phase behavior, rheological properties and microstructure of ovalbumin and carboxymethylcellulose (OVA-CMC) conjugates were studied and the influence parameters were investigated. 24815402 6 34 theme size 719:722 arg1 distribution 724:735 particle size distribution 710:735 particle size distribution 710:735 CLSM and particle size distribution and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results confirm that emptying interactions play a leading role in the separation system. 27253722 3 0 theme 60-m 600:603 arg1 column 620:625 a 60-m HP-5 capillary column 598:625 a 60-m HP-5 capillary column 598:625 GC/MS was performed using a 60-m HP-5 capillary column. 27253722 5 1 theme VOC 787:789 arg1 mixture 791:797 the VOC mixture 783:797 the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi 783:823 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 0 2 theme Various 57:63 arg1 Substrates 65:74 Various Substrates 57:74 Various Substrates 57:74 Study of the Vapor Phase Over Fusarium Fungi Cultured on Various Substrates. 27253722 6 3 theme VOCs 1089:1092 arg1 VOCs 1089:1092 VOCs 1089:1092 VOCs 1089:1092 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 6 3 theme VOCs 1089:1092 arg1 spectrum 1059:1066 a wider spectrum 1051:1066 a wider spectrum 1051:1066 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 6 3 theme VOCs 1089:1092 arg1 amount 1079:1084 larger amount 1072:1084 larger amount of VOCs 1072:1092 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 2 4 theme carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane 535:563 arg1 fiber 565:569 a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 527:569 a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 527:569 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 5 5 theme mixture 791:797 arg1 terpenes 916:923 EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes 829:923 EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136 829:934 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 5 theme mixture 791:797 arg1 components 769:778 The most abundant components 751:778 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi 751:823 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 8 6 theme species 1294:1300 arg1 differentiation 1268:1282 differentiation 1268:1282 differentiation of fungal species and strains 1268:1312 The use of SPME and GC/MS also offers the potential for differentiation of fungal species and strains. 27253722 5 7 theme 25 981:982 arg1 total 966:970 a total 964:970 a total of about 25 964:982 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 2 8 theme μm 532:533 arg1 fiber 565:569 a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 527:569 a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 527:569 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 1 9 dep compounds 114:122 arg1 compounds 114:122 volatile organic compounds 97:122 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 97:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 9 dep compounds 114:122 arg1 sporotrichioides 204:219 sporotrichioides 204:219 sporotrichioides 204:219 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 9 dep compounds 114:122 arg1 F. 174:175 F. 174:175 F. 174:175 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 9 dep compounds 114:122 arg1 F. 188:189 F. 188:189 F. 188:189 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 9 dep compounds 114:122 arg1 langsethiae 161:171 langsethiae 161:171 langsethiae 161:171 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 2 10 theme room 435:438 arg1 °C 461:462 23 - 24 °C 453:462 23 - 24 °C 453:462 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 2 10 theme room 435:438 arg1 temperature 440:450 room temperature 435:450 room temperature (23 - 24 °C) 435:463 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 5 11 theme M 957:957 arg1 204 959:961 M 204 957:961 M 204 (a total of about 25) 957:983 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 2 12 theme 85 529:530 arg1 μm 532:533 μm 532:533 μm 532:533 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 4 13 theme mixture 650:656 arg1 Components 628:637 Components 628:637 Components of the VOC mixture 628:656 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 2 14 dep 24 458:459 arg1 - 456:456 - 456:456 - 456:456 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 1 15 theme autoclaved 287:296 arg1 WK 313:314 WK 313:314 WK 313:314 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 15 theme autoclaved 287:296 arg1 kernels 304:310 autoclaved wheat kernels 287:310 autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 287:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 6 16 theme larger 1072:1077 arg1 VOCs 1089:1092 VOCs 1089:1092 VOCs 1089:1092 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 6 16 theme larger 1072:1077 arg1 amount 1079:1084 larger amount 1072:1084 larger amount of VOCs 1072:1092 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 1 17 theme Fusarium 142:149 arg1 fungi 151:155 Fusarium fungi 142:155 Fusarium fungi 142:155 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 18 theme wheat 298:302 arg1 WK 313:314 WK 313:314 WK 313:314 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 18 theme wheat 298:302 arg1 kernels 304:310 autoclaved wheat kernels 287:310 autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 287:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 7 19 theme F. 1138:1139 arg1 strain 1153:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 7 19 theme F. 1138:1139 arg1 producer 1183:1190 the most active VOC producer 1163:1190 the most active VOC producer on both substrates 1163:1209 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 2 20 theme study 363:367 arg1 culturing 340:348 The culturing 336:348 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions 336:390 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 3 21 theme capillary 610:618 arg1 column 620:625 a 60-m HP-5 capillary column 598:625 a 60-m HP-5 capillary column 598:625 GC/MS was performed using a 60-m HP-5 capillary column. 27253722 2 22 theme solid-phase 496:506 arg1 microextraction 508:522 a solid-phase microextraction 494:522 a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 494:569 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 5 23 with terpenes 916:923 arg1 M 930:930 M 136 930:934 M 136 930:934 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 23 with terpenes 916:923 arg1 204 959:961 M 204 957:961 M 204 (a total of about 25) 957:983 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 24 theme abundant 760:767 arg1 terpenes 916:923 EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes 829:923 EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136 829:934 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 24 theme abundant 760:767 arg1 components 769:778 The most abundant components 751:778 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi 751:823 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 6 25 theme wider 1053:1057 arg1 spectrum 1059:1066 a wider spectrum 1051:1066 a wider spectrum 1051:1066 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 5 26 theme EtOH 829:832 arg1 terpenes 916:923 EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes 829:923 EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136 829:934 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 26 theme EtOH 829:832 arg1 components 769:778 The most abundant components 751:778 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi 751:823 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 27 with sesquiterpenes 937:950 arg1 M 930:930 M 136 930:934 M 136 930:934 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 27 with sesquiterpenes 937:950 arg1 204 959:961 M 204 957:961 M 204 (a total of about 25) 957:983 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 2 28 theme fungi 353:357 arg1 culturing 340:348 The culturing 336:348 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions 336:390 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 8 29 theme SPME 1223:1226 arg1 use 1216:1218 The use 1212:1218 The use of SPME and GC/MS 1212:1236 The use of SPME and GC/MS also offers the potential for differentiation of fungal species and strains. 27253722 7 30 theme active 1172:1177 arg1 strain 1153:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 7 30 theme active 1172:1177 arg1 producer 1183:1190 the most active VOC producer 1163:1190 the most active VOC producer on both substrates 1163:1209 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 4 31 theme VOC 646:648 arg1 mixture 650:656 the VOC mixture 642:656 the VOC mixture 642:656 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 5 32 dep 204 959:961 arg1 total 966:970 a total 964:970 a total of about 25 964:982 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 8 33 theme strains 1306:1312 arg1 differentiation 1268:1282 differentiation 1268:1282 differentiation of fungal species and strains 1268:1312 The use of SPME and GC/MS also offers the potential for differentiation of fungal species and strains. 27253722 8 34 theme GC/MS 1232:1236 arg1 use 1216:1218 The use 1212:1218 The use of SPME and GC/MS 1212:1236 The use of SPME and GC/MS also offers the potential for differentiation of fungal species and strains. 27253722 2 35 theme emissions 382:390 arg1 study 363:367 study 363:367 study 363:367 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 2 35 theme emissions 382:390 arg1 fungi 353:357 fungi 353:357 fungi 353:357 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 1 36 theme nutritive 235:243 arg1 substrates 245:254 two nutritive substrates 231:254 two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 231:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 4 37 theme chromatographic 710:724 arg1 RIs 745:747 RIs 745:747 RIs 745:747 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 4 37 theme chromatographic 710:724 arg1 indices 736:742 chromatographic retention indices 710:742 chromatographic retention indices (RIs) 710:748 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 7 38 from producer 1183:1190 arg1 substrates 1200:1209 both substrates 1195:1209 both substrates 1195:1209 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 5 39 dep BuOH 845:848 arg1 i 842:842 i 842:842 i 842:842 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 0 40 theme Phase 19:23 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of the Vapor Phase Over Fusarium Fungi 0:43 Study of the Vapor Phase Over Fusarium Fungi Cultured on Various Substrates. 27253722 2 41 theme VOC 378:380 arg1 emissions 382:390 their VOC emissions 372:390 their VOC emissions 372:390 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 0 42 theme Vapor 13:17 arg1 Phase 19:23 the Vapor Phase 9:23 the Vapor Phase 9:23 Study of the Vapor Phase Over Fusarium Fungi Cultured on Various Substrates. 27253722 2 43 from microextraction 508:522 arg1 fiber 565:569 a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 527:569 a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber 527:569 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 1 44 dep F. 188:189 arg1 poae 191:194 F. poae 188:194 F. poae 188:194 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 5 45 theme ethyl 891:895 arg1 EtOH 829:832 EtOH 829:832 EtOH 829:832 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 45 theme ethyl 891:895 arg1 3-methylbutanoate 897:913 ethyl 3-methylbutanoate 891:913 ethyl 3-methylbutanoate 891:913 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 1 46 dep substrates 245:254 arg1 PSA 278:280 PSA 278:280 PSA 278:280 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 46 dep substrates 245:254 arg1 agar 272:275 potato sucrose agar 257:275 potato sucrose agar (PSA) 257:281 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 46 dep substrates 245:254 arg1 WK 313:314 WK 313:314 WK 313:314 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 46 dep substrates 245:254 arg1 kernels 304:310 autoclaved wheat kernels 287:310 autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 287:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 47 theme volatile 97:104 arg1 F. 188:189 F. 188:189 F. 188:189 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 47 theme volatile 97:104 arg1 VOCs 125:128 VOCs 125:128 VOCs 125:128 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 47 theme volatile 97:104 arg1 langsethiae 161:171 langsethiae 161:171 langsethiae 161:171 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 47 theme volatile 97:104 arg1 F. 174:175 F. 174:175 F. 174:175 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 47 theme volatile 97:104 arg1 compounds 114:122 volatile organic compounds 97:122 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 97:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 47 theme volatile 97:104 arg1 sporotrichioides 204:219 sporotrichioides 204:219 sporotrichioides 204:219 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 0 48 theme Fusarium 30:37 arg1 Fungi 39:43 Fusarium Fungi 30:43 Fusarium Fungi 30:43 Study of the Vapor Phase Over Fusarium Fungi Cultured on Various Substrates. 27253722 1 49 theme potato 257:262 arg1 PSA 278:280 PSA 278:280 PSA 278:280 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 49 theme potato 257:262 arg1 agar 272:275 potato sucrose agar 257:275 potato sucrose agar (PSA) 257:281 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 4 50 theme retention 726:734 arg1 RIs 745:747 RIs 745:747 RIs 745:747 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 4 50 theme retention 726:734 arg1 indices 736:742 chromatographic retention indices 710:742 chromatographic retention indices (RIs) 710:748 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 1 51 theme organic 106:112 arg1 F. 188:189 F. 188:189 F. 188:189 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 51 theme organic 106:112 arg1 VOCs 125:128 VOCs 125:128 VOCs 125:128 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 51 theme organic 106:112 arg1 langsethiae 161:171 langsethiae 161:171 langsethiae 161:171 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 51 theme organic 106:112 arg1 F. 174:175 F. 174:175 F. 174:175 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 51 theme organic 106:112 arg1 compounds 114:122 volatile organic compounds 97:122 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 97:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 51 theme organic 106:112 arg1 sporotrichioides 204:219 sporotrichioides 204:219 sporotrichioides 204:219 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 52 theme sucrose 264:270 arg1 PSA 278:280 PSA 278:280 PSA 278:280 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 1 52 theme sucrose 264:270 arg1 agar 272:275 potato sucrose agar 257:275 potato sucrose agar (PSA) 257:281 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 4 53 theme impact 686:691 arg1 spectra 698:704 electron impact mass spectra 677:704 electron impact mass spectra 677:704 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 1 54 dep F. 174:175 arg1 sibiricum 177:185 F. sibiricum 174:185 F. sibiricum 174:185 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 5 55 with trichodiene 990:1000 arg1 M 930:930 M 136 930:934 M 136 930:934 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 5 55 with trichodiene 990:1000 arg1 204 959:961 M 204 957:961 M 204 (a total of about 25) 957:983 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 1 56 theme compounds 114:122 arg1 compositions 81:92 The compositions 77:92 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) 77:315 The compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Fusarium fungi (F. langsethiae, F. sibiricum, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) grown on two nutritive substrates: potato sucrose agar (PSA) and autoclaved wheat kernels (WK) were investigated. 27253722 6 57 theme wheat 1123:1127 arg1 kernels 1129:1135 wheat kernels 1123:1135 wheat kernels 1123:1135 It was found that the strains grown on PSA emit a wider spectrum and larger amount of VOCs compared with those grown on wheat kernels. 27253722 4 58 theme electron 677:684 arg1 spectra 698:704 electron impact mass spectra 677:704 electron impact mass spectra 677:704 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 7 59 theme VOC 1179:1181 arg1 strain 1153:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 7 59 theme VOC 1179:1181 arg1 producer 1183:1190 the most active VOC producer 1163:1190 the most active VOC producer on both substrates 1163:1209 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 5 60 theme Fusarium 810:817 arg1 fungi 819:823 Fusarium fungi 810:823 Fusarium fungi 810:823 The most abundant components of the VOC mixture emitted by Fusarium fungi are EtOH, AcOH, (i) BuOH, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, terpenes with M 136, sesquiterpenes with M 204 (a total of about 25), and trichodiene. 27253722 2 61 theme chromatographic 410:424 arg1 vials 426:430 chromatographic vials 410:430 chromatographic vials 410:430 The culturing of fungi and study of their VOC emissions were performed in chromatographic vials at room temperature (23 - 24 °C) and the VOCs were sampled by a solid-phase microextraction on a 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. 27253722 7 62 theme langsethiae 1141:1151 arg1 strain 1153:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain 1138:1158 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 7 62 theme langsethiae 1141:1151 arg1 producer 1183:1190 the most active VOC producer 1163:1190 the most active VOC producer on both substrates 1163:1209 F. langsethiae strain is the most active VOC producer on both substrates. 27253722 8 63 theme fungal 1287:1292 arg1 species 1294:1300 fungal species 1287:1300 fungal species 1287:1300 The use of SPME and GC/MS also offers the potential for differentiation of fungal species and strains. 27253722 4 64 theme mass 693:696 arg1 spectra 698:704 electron impact mass spectra 677:704 electron impact mass spectra 677:704 Components of the VOC mixture were identified by electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic retention indices (RIs). 27253722 3 65 theme HP-5 605:608 arg1 column 620:625 a 60-m HP-5 capillary column 598:625 a 60-m HP-5 capillary column 598:625 GC/MS was performed using a 60-m HP-5 capillary column. 24866935 3 0 theme fang 542:545 arg1 architecture 547:558 the naturally evolved fang architecture 520:558 the naturally evolved fang architecture 520:558 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 0 1 theme fang 86:89 arg1 functionality 58:70 the biomechanical functionality 40:70 the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang 40:89 Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang. 24866935 3 2 theme effective 586:594 arg1 stiffness 607:615 highly adapted effective structural stiffness 571:615 highly adapted effective structural stiffness 571:615 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 4 3 theme elements 822:829 arg1 architecture 762:773 architecture 762:773 architecture 762:773 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 3 theme elements 822:829 arg1 motifs 790:795 structural motifs 779:795 structural motifs 779:795 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 4 dep architecture 762:773 arg1 the 758:760 the 758:760 the 758:760 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 3 5 theme structural 596:605 arg1 stiffness 607:615 highly adapted effective structural stiffness 571:615 highly adapted effective structural stiffness 571:615 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 4 6 theme analysis 644:651 arg1 methods 653:659 The analysis methods 640:659 The analysis methods 640:659 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 6 theme analysis 644:651 arg1 important 712:720 important 712:720 important 712:720 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 3 7 theme structural 373:382 arg1 modelling 384:392 experiment-based structural modelling 356:392 experiment-based structural modelling of the fang 356:404 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 3 8 theme Finite-Element 457:470 arg1 simulations 472:482 Finite-Element simulations 457:482 Finite-Element simulations 457:482 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 3 9 theme adapted 578:584 arg1 stiffness 607:615 highly adapted effective structural stiffness 571:615 highly adapted effective structural stiffness 571:615 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 1 10 theme complex 167:173 arg1 material 185:192 a complex composite material 165:192 a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients 165:238 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 0 11 theme structural 11:20 arg1 gradients 22:30 Multiscale structural gradients 0:30 Multiscale structural gradients 0:30 Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang. 24866935 3 12 theme damage 621:626 arg1 resilience 628:637 damage resilience 621:637 damage resilience 621:637 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 1 13 theme composite 175:183 arg1 material 185:192 a complex composite material 165:192 a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients 165:238 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 0 14 theme Multiscale 0:9 arg1 gradients 22:30 Multiscale structural gradients 0:30 Multiscale structural gradients 0:30 Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang. 24866935 1 15 theme spider 96:101 arg1 needle 131:136 a natural injection needle 111:136 a natural injection needle 111:136 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 1 15 theme spider 96:101 arg1 fang 103:106 The spider fang 92:106 The spider fang 92:106 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 3 16 theme simulations 472:482 arg1 results 489:495 the results 485:495 the results 485:495 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 3 17 theme fang 401:404 arg1 modelling 384:392 experiment-based structural modelling 356:392 experiment-based structural modelling of the fang 356:404 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 2 18 theme mechanical 324:333 arg1 loads 335:339 significant mechanical loads 312:339 significant mechanical loads 312:339 Considering its biomechanical function, the spider fang has to sustain significant mechanical loads. 24866935 4 19 theme work 691:694 arg1 methods 653:659 The analysis methods 640:659 The analysis methods 640:659 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 19 theme work 691:694 arg1 insights 674:681 physical insights 665:681 physical insights 665:681 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 19 theme work 691:694 arg1 important 712:720 important 712:720 important 712:720 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 20 theme biological 811:820 arg1 more 866:869 more 866:869 more 866:869 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 20 theme biological 811:820 arg1 claws 856:860 claws 856:860 claws 856:860 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 20 theme biological 811:820 arg1 teeth 849:853 teeth 849:853 teeth 849:853 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 20 theme biological 811:820 arg1 elements 822:829 sharp-edge biological elements 800:829 sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more 800:869 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 20 theme biological 811:820 arg1 stingers 839:846 stingers 839:846 stingers 839:846 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 2 21 theme significant 312:322 arg1 loads 335:339 significant mechanical loads 312:339 significant mechanical loads 312:339 Considering its biomechanical function, the spider fang has to sustain significant mechanical loads. 24866935 1 22 theme multiscale 205:214 arg1 gradients 230:238 multiscale architectural gradients 205:238 multiscale architectural gradients 205:238 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 0 23 theme biomechanical 44:56 arg1 functionality 58:70 the biomechanical functionality 40:70 the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang 40:89 Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang. 24866935 3 24 theme evolved 534:540 arg1 architecture 547:558 the naturally evolved fang architecture 520:558 the naturally evolved fang architecture 520:558 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 2 25 theme biomechanical 257:269 arg1 function 271:278 its biomechanical function 253:278 its biomechanical function 253:278 Considering its biomechanical function, the spider fang has to sustain significant mechanical loads. 24866935 1 26 theme architectural 216:228 arg1 gradients 230:238 multiscale architectural gradients 205:238 multiscale architectural gradients 205:238 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 3 27 theme analytical 419:428 arg1 description 441:451 analytical mechanical description 419:451 analytical mechanical description 419:451 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 3 28 theme mechanical 430:439 arg1 description 441:451 analytical mechanical description 419:451 analytical mechanical description 419:451 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 1 29 theme natural 113:119 arg1 needle 131:136 a natural injection needle 111:136 a natural injection needle 111:136 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 1 29 theme natural 113:119 arg1 fang 103:106 The spider fang 92:106 The spider fang 92:106 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 2 30 theme spider 285:290 arg1 fang 292:295 the spider fang 281:295 the spider fang 281:295 Considering its biomechanical function, the spider fang has to sustain significant mechanical loads. 24866935 1 31 theme injection 121:129 arg1 needle 131:136 a natural injection needle 111:136 a natural injection needle 111:136 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 1 31 theme injection 121:129 arg1 fang 103:106 The spider fang 92:106 The spider fang 92:106 The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. 24866935 4 32 theme physical 665:672 arg1 insights 674:681 physical insights 665:681 physical insights 665:681 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 33 theme sharp-edge 800:809 arg1 more 866:869 more 866:869 more 866:869 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 33 theme sharp-edge 800:809 arg1 claws 856:860 claws 856:860 claws 856:860 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 33 theme sharp-edge 800:809 arg1 teeth 849:853 teeth 849:853 teeth 849:853 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 33 theme sharp-edge 800:809 arg1 elements 822:829 sharp-edge biological elements 800:829 sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more 800:869 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 4 33 theme sharp-edge 800:809 arg1 stingers 839:846 stingers 839:846 stingers 839:846 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 24866935 0 34 theme spider 79:84 arg1 fang 86:89 the spider fang 75:89 the spider fang 75:89 Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang. 24866935 3 35 theme experiment-based 356:371 arg1 modelling 384:392 experiment-based structural modelling 356:392 experiment-based structural modelling of the fang 356:404 Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. 24866935 4 36 theme structural 779:788 arg1 motifs 790:795 structural motifs 779:795 structural motifs 779:795 The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more. 26572389 3 0 theme release 335:341 arg1 period 343:348 A prolonged release period 323:348 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 323:420 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 6 1 theme delivery 1025:1032 arg1 system 1034:1039 a hydrophobic drug delivery system 1006:1039 a hydrophobic drug delivery system 1006:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 4 2 theme distinct 538:545 arg1 dissimilarities 547:561 distinct dissimilarities 538:561 distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink 538:671 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 3 3 from saline 399:404 arg1 period 343:348 A prolonged release period 323:348 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 323:420 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 4 4 from differences 470:480 arg1 patterns 493:500 release patterns 485:500 release patterns in water and PBS 485:517 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 1 5 theme hydrophobic 172:182 arg1 drugs 184:188 hydrophobic drugs 172:188 hydrophobic drugs 172:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 6 6 theme water 923:927 arg1 microemulsions 929:942 water microemulsions 923:942 water microemulsions 923:942 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 5 7 dep Fourier 828:834 arg1 transform 836:844 transform 836:844 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments 836:885 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 4 8 from dissimilarities 547:561 arg1 behaviors 579:587 the swelling behaviors 566:587 the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink 566:671 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 3 9 theme h 356:356 arg1 period 343:348 A prolonged release period 323:348 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 323:420 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 5 10 theme spectroscopy 855:866 arg1 experiments 875:885 spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments 855:885 spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments 855:885 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 6 11 theme hydrophobic 1008:1018 arg1 system 1034:1039 a hydrophobic drug delivery system 1006:1039 a hydrophobic drug delivery system 1006:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 1 12 theme drugs 184:188 arg1 release 161:167 sustained release 151:167 sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 151:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 5 13 theme intermolecular 737:750 arg1 bonding 752:758 intermolecular bonding 737:758 intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network 737:809 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 3 14 from 24h 375:377 arg1 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 14 from 24h 375:377 arg1 saline 399:404 phosphate buffer saline 382:404 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 382:410 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 6 15 from oil 916:918 arg1 microemulsions 929:942 water microemulsions 923:942 water microemulsions 923:942 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 2 16 theme non-ionic 293:301 arg1 ME 318:319 ME 318:319 ME 318:319 The design is based on chitosan crosslinked with genipin with embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME). 26572389 2 16 theme non-ionic 293:301 arg1 microemulsion 303:315 embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion 270:315 embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME) 270:320 The design is based on chitosan crosslinked with genipin with embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME). 26572389 6 17 theme drug 1020:1023 arg1 system 1034:1039 a hydrophobic drug delivery system 1006:1039 a hydrophobic drug delivery system 1006:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 3 18 theme pH 415:416 arg1 h 356:356 48 h 353:356 48 h in water 353:365 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 19 theme 24h 375:377 arg1 period 343:348 A prolonged release period 323:348 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 323:420 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 1 20 theme chitosan 84:91 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 A composite chitosan hydrogel 72:100 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 72:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 0 21 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 chitosan 10:17 Composite chitosan 0:17 Composite chitosan 0:17 Composite chitosan hydrogels for extended release of hydrophobic drugs. 26572389 5 22 dep transform 836:844 arg1 infrared 846:853 infrared 846:853 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments 836:885 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 6 23 dep time 906:909 arg1 introduced 949:958 introduced 949:958 were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system 944:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 1 24 from conditions 127:136 arg1 durable 102:108 durable 102:108 durable 102:108 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 1 25 theme durable 102:108 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 A composite chitosan hydrogel 72:100 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 72:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 5 26 theme oil 772:774 arg1 droplets 776:783 the oil droplets 768:783 the oil droplets 768:783 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 6 27 theme first 900:904 arg1 This 888:891 This 888:891 This 888:891 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 6 27 theme first 900:904 arg1 time 906:909 the first time 896:909 the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system 896:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 3 28 from h 356:356 arg1 water 361:365 water 361:365 water 361:365 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 4 29 from patterns 493:500 arg1 PBS 515:517 PBS 515:517 PBS 515:517 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 4 29 from patterns 493:500 arg1 water 505:509 water 505:509 water 505:509 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 0 30 theme extended 33:40 arg1 release 42:48 extended release 33:48 extended release of hydrophobic drugs 33:69 Composite chitosan hydrogels for extended release of hydrophobic drugs. 26572389 3 31 from water 361:365 arg1 period 343:348 A prolonged release period 323:348 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 323:420 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 5 32 theme polymeric 793:801 arg1 network 803:809 the polymeric network 789:809 the polymeric network 789:809 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 3 33 theme phosphate 382:390 arg1 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 33 theme phosphate 382:390 arg1 saline 399:404 phosphate buffer saline 382:404 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 382:410 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 4 34 theme release 485:491 arg1 patterns 493:500 release patterns 485:500 release patterns in water and PBS 485:517 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 0 35 theme drugs 65:69 arg1 release 42:48 extended release 33:48 extended release of hydrophobic drugs 33:69 Composite chitosan hydrogels for extended release of hydrophobic drugs. 26572389 1 36 theme physiological 113:125 arg1 conditions 127:136 physiological conditions 113:136 physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 113:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 3 37 theme buffer 392:397 arg1 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 37 theme buffer 392:397 arg1 saline 399:404 phosphate buffer saline 382:404 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 382:410 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 38 theme prolonged 325:333 arg1 period 343:348 A prolonged release period 323:348 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 323:420 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 4 39 dep behaviors 579:587 arg1 swell 614:618 swell 614:618 swell 614:618 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 1 40 from durable 102:108 arg1 conditions 127:136 physiological conditions 113:136 physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 113:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 3 41 from period 343:348 arg1 water 361:365 water 361:365 water 361:365 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 41 from period 343:348 arg1 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 PBS 407:409 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 3 41 from period 343:348 arg1 saline 399:404 phosphate buffer saline 382:404 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 382:410 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 2 42 theme biocompatible 279:291 arg1 ME 318:319 ME 318:319 ME 318:319 The design is based on chitosan crosslinked with genipin with embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME). 26572389 2 42 theme biocompatible 279:291 arg1 microemulsion 303:315 embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion 270:315 embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME) 270:320 The design is based on chitosan crosslinked with genipin with embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME). 26572389 4 43 theme swelling 570:577 arg1 behaviors 579:587 the swelling behaviors 566:587 the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink 566:671 The differences in release patterns in water and PBS were attributed to distinct dissimilarities in the swelling behaviors; in water, the hydrogels swell enormously, while in PBS they expel water and shrink. 26572389 1 44 theme composite 74:82 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 A composite chitosan hydrogel 72:100 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 72:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 2 45 theme embedded 270:277 arg1 ME 318:319 ME 318:319 ME 318:319 The design is based on chitosan crosslinked with genipin with embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME). 26572389 2 45 theme embedded 270:277 arg1 microemulsion 303:315 embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion 270:315 embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME) 270:320 The design is based on chitosan crosslinked with genipin with embedded biocompatible non-ionic microemulsion (ME). 26572389 3 46 theme red 448:450 arg1 Nile 443:446 Nile red 443:450 Nile red 443:450 A prolonged release period of 48 h in water, and of 24h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 7.4 was demonstrated for Nile red and curcumin. 26572389 6 47 theme chitosan 967:974 arg1 hydrogels 976:984 a chitosan hydrogels 965:984 a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system 965:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 1 48 theme sustained 151:159 arg1 release 161:167 sustained release 151:167 sustained release of hydrophobic drugs 151:188 A composite chitosan hydrogel durable in physiological conditions intended for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs was investigated. 26572389 0 49 theme hydrophobic 53:63 arg1 drugs 65:69 hydrophobic drugs 53:69 hydrophobic drugs 53:69 Composite chitosan hydrogels for extended release of hydrophobic drugs. 26572389 6 50 theme system 1034:1039 arg1 creation 994:1001 the creation 990:1001 the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system 990:1039 This is the first time that oil in water microemulsions were introduced into a chitosan hydrogels for the creation of a hydrophobic drug delivery system. 26572389 5 51 theme release 678:684 arg1 complex 722:728 complex 722:728 complex 722:728 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 26572389 5 51 theme release 678:684 arg1 mechanism 686:694 The release mechanism 674:694 The release mechanism dominating this system 674:717 The release mechanism dominating this system is complex due to intermolecular bonding between the oil droplets and the polymeric network, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments. 28625837 0 0 theme H2SO4 65:69 arg1 environment 71:81 15% H2SO4 environment 61:81 15% H2SO4 environment 61:81 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 5 1 theme redox 657:661 arg1 reactions 663:671 both anodic and cathodic redox reactions 632:671 both anodic and cathodic redox reactions 632:671 AgNPs-Chi retards both anodic and cathodic redox reactions. 28625837 1 2 theme 15 237:238 arg1 % 239:239 % 239:239 % 239:239 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 0 3 theme % 63:63 arg1 environment 71:81 15% H2SO4 environment 61:81 15% H2SO4 environment 61:81 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 1 4 theme silver 151:156 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 chitosan and silver nanoparticles 138:170 chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite 138:203 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 5 theme % 239:239 arg1 solution 247:254 15% H2SO4 solution 237:254 15% H2SO4 solution 237:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 6 theme surface 332:338 arg1 examination 354:364 surface morphological examination 332:364 surface morphological examination 332:364 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 7 theme H2SO4 241:245 arg1 solution 247:254 15% H2SO4 solution 237:254 15% H2SO4 solution 237:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 8 theme morphological 340:352 arg1 examination 354:364 surface morphological examination 332:364 surface morphological examination 332:364 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 6 9 theme St37 715:718 arg1 surface 720:726 St37 surface 715:726 St37 surface 715:726 The mode of adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface has been described using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 28625837 1 10 theme nanoparticles 158:170 arg1 performance 123:133 The inhibitive performance 108:133 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution 108:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 0 11 theme silver 86:91 arg1 nanoparticles 93:105 silver nanoparticles 86:105 silver nanoparticles 86:105 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 5 12 theme anodic 637:642 arg1 reactions 663:671 both anodic and cathodic redox reactions 632:671 both anodic and cathodic redox reactions 632:671 AgNPs-Chi retards both anodic and cathodic redox reactions. 28625837 7 13 theme Surface 783:789 arg1 results 801:807 Surface screening results 783:807 Surface screening results 783:807 Surface screening results ascertain the adsorption of AgNPs-Chi molecules on St37 surface. 28625837 0 14 theme corrosion 9:17 arg1 effect 30:35 corrosion inhibition effect 9:35 corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 9:56 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 7 15 theme screening 791:799 arg1 results 801:807 Surface screening results 783:807 Surface screening results 783:807 Surface screening results ascertain the adsorption of AgNPs-Chi molecules on St37 surface. 28625837 6 16 theme AgNPs-Chi 700:708 arg1 adsorption 686:695 adsorption 686:695 adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface 686:726 The mode of adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface has been described using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 28625837 5 17 theme cathodic 648:655 arg1 reactions 663:671 both anodic and cathodic redox reactions 632:671 both anodic and cathodic redox reactions 632:671 AgNPs-Chi retards both anodic and cathodic redox reactions. 28625837 7 18 theme AgNPs-Chi 837:845 arg1 molecules 847:855 AgNPs-Chi molecules 837:855 AgNPs-Chi molecules 837:855 Surface screening results ascertain the adsorption of AgNPs-Chi molecules on St37 surface. 28625837 6 19 theme adsorption 686:695 arg1 mode 678:681 The mode 674:681 The mode of adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface 674:726 The mode of adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface has been described using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 28625837 2 20 theme St37 424:427 arg1 surface 435:441 St37 steel surface 424:441 St37 steel surface 424:441 Results obtained show that chitosan could fairly protect St37 steel surface by 45%. 28625837 0 21 theme inhibition 19:28 arg1 effect 30:35 corrosion inhibition effect 9:35 corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 9:56 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 4 22 theme longer 566:571 arg1 time 583:586 longer immersion time 566:586 longer immersion time 566:586 AgNPs-Chi composite performs better at longer immersion time and elevated temperature. 28625837 7 23 theme molecules 847:855 arg1 adsorption 823:832 the adsorption 819:832 the adsorption of AgNPs-Chi molecules on St37 surface 819:871 Surface screening results ascertain the adsorption of AgNPs-Chi molecules on St37 surface. 28625837 0 24 theme chitosan 40:47 arg1 effect 30:35 corrosion inhibition effect 9:35 corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 9:56 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 1 25 theme weight 274:279 arg1 loss 281:284 weight loss 274:284 weight loss 274:284 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 26 theme composite 195:203 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 chitosan and silver nanoparticles 138:170 chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite 138:203 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 4 27 theme immersion 573:581 arg1 time 583:586 longer immersion time 566:586 longer immersion time 566:586 AgNPs-Chi composite performs better at longer immersion time and elevated temperature. 28625837 4 28 theme AgNPs-Chi 527:535 arg1 composite 537:545 AgNPs-Chi composite 527:545 AgNPs-Chi composite 527:545 AgNPs-Chi composite performs better at longer immersion time and elevated temperature. 28625837 1 29 from corrosion 224:232 arg1 solution 247:254 15% H2SO4 solution 237:254 15% H2SO4 solution 237:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 30 theme electrochemical 290:304 arg1 techniques 306:315 electrochemical techniques 290:315 electrochemical techniques 290:315 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 7 31 from adsorption 823:832 arg1 surface 865:871 St37 surface 860:871 St37 surface 860:871 Surface screening results ascertain the adsorption of AgNPs-Chi molecules on St37 surface. 28625837 6 32 theme adsorption 762:771 arg1 isotherm 773:780 Langmuir adsorption isotherm 753:780 Langmuir adsorption isotherm 753:780 The mode of adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface has been described using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 28625837 1 33 dep examination 354:364 arg1 addition 320:327 addition 320:327 addition 320:327 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 6 34 theme Langmuir 753:760 arg1 adsorption 762:771 Langmuir adsorption 753:771 Langmuir adsorption isotherm 753:780 The mode of adsorption of AgNPs-Chi onto St37 surface has been described using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 28625837 1 35 theme inhibitive 112:121 arg1 performance 123:133 The inhibitive performance 108:133 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution 108:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 1 36 theme St37 213:216 arg1 corrosion 224:232 St37 steel corrosion 213:232 St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution 213:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 3 37 theme AgNPs-Chi 506:514 arg1 composite 516:524 AgNPs-Chi composite 506:524 AgNPs-Chi composite 506:524 Inhibition efficiency above 94% has been achieved with AgNPs-Chi composite. 28625837 1 38 theme steel 218:222 arg1 corrosion 224:232 St37 steel corrosion 213:232 St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution 213:254 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 28625837 0 39 theme 15 61:62 arg1 % 63:63 % 63:63 % 63:63 Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of chitosan for St37 in 15% H2SO4 environment by silver nanoparticles. 28625837 3 40 theme Inhibition 451:460 arg1 efficiency 462:471 Inhibition efficiency 451:471 Inhibition efficiency above 94% 451:481 Inhibition efficiency above 94% has been achieved with AgNPs-Chi composite. 28625837 4 41 theme elevated 592:599 arg1 temperature 601:611 elevated temperature 592:611 elevated temperature 592:611 AgNPs-Chi composite performs better at longer immersion time and elevated temperature. 28625837 2 42 theme steel 429:433 arg1 surface 435:441 St37 steel surface 424:441 St37 steel surface 424:441 Results obtained show that chitosan could fairly protect St37 steel surface by 45%. 28625837 1 43 theme chitosan 138:145 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 chitosan and silver nanoparticles 138:170 chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite 138:203 The inhibitive performance of chitosan and silver nanoparticles - chitosan (AgNPs-Chi) composite towards St37 steel corrosion in 15% H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss and electrochemical techniques in addition to surface morphological examination. 25439914 8 0 theme mechanical 1218:1227 arg1 barrier 1251:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 1 1 dep HA 299:300 arg1 a 278:278 a 278:278 a 278:278 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 7 2 dep shielding 925:933 arg1 properties 1012:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 6 3 theme film 775:778 arg1 properties 757:766 properties 757:766 properties 757:766 The microstructure and properties of the film were analyzed by SEM, optical transmittance, DSC, XRD and tensile testing. 25439914 6 3 theme film 775:778 arg1 microstructure 738:751 microstructure 738:751 microstructure 738:751 The microstructure and properties of the film were analyzed by SEM, optical transmittance, DSC, XRD and tensile testing. 25439914 7 4 theme visible 939:945 arg1 light 947:951 visible light 939:951 visible light transparency 939:964 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 0 5 theme resulting 96:104 arg1 films 106:110 resulting films 96:110 resulting films 96:110 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 7 6 theme mechanical 977:986 arg1 properties 1012:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 3 7 theme HA/PVA-SbQ 538:547 arg1 micelles 557:564 HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles 538:564 HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles 538:564 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 7 8 theme light 919:923 arg1 shielding 925:933 higher UV light shielding 909:933 higher UV light shielding 909:933 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 7 9 theme vapor 998:1002 arg1 properties 1012:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 6 10 dep microstructure 738:751 arg1 The 734:736 The 734:736 The 734:736 The microstructure and properties of the film were analyzed by SEM, optical transmittance, DSC, XRD and tensile testing. 25439914 7 11 theme thermal 1034:1040 arg1 stability 1042:1050 thermal stability 1034:1050 higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability 909:1050 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 5 12 theme casting 718:724 arg1 method 726:731 a casting method 716:731 a casting method 716:731 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films were prepared by a casting method. 25439914 6 13 theme tensile 838:844 arg1 testing 846:852 tensile testing 838:852 tensile testing 838:852 The microstructure and properties of the film were analyzed by SEM, optical transmittance, DSC, XRD and tensile testing. 25439914 7 14 theme higher 909:914 arg1 light 919:923 higher UV light 909:923 higher UV light shielding 909:933 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 0 15 theme UV 127:128 arg1 irradiation 130:140 UV irradiation 127:140 UV irradiation time 127:145 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 5 16 theme HA/PVA-SbQ 671:680 arg1 films 693:697 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 671:697 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 671:697 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films were prepared by a casting method. 25439914 7 17 theme UV 916:917 arg1 light 919:923 higher UV light 909:923 higher UV light shielding 909:933 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 3 18 theme potential 465:473 arg1 measurements 475:486 Zeta potential measurements 460:486 Zeta potential measurements 460:486 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 4 19 dep spectra 590:596 arg1 experiments 606:616 experiments 606:616 experiments 606:616 UV spectra and DLS experiments confirmed that the micelles are photo-crosslinkable. 25439914 5 20 theme composites 682:691 arg1 films 693:697 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 671:697 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 671:697 HA/PVA-SbQ composites films were prepared by a casting method. 25439914 7 21 theme network 1150:1156 arg1 structure 1158:1166 three-dimensional network structure 1132:1166 three-dimensional network structure 1132:1166 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 3 22 theme aqueous 569:575 arg1 solution 577:584 aqueous solution 569:584 aqueous solution 569:584 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 1 23 theme vinyl 170:174 arg1 alcohol 176:182 vinyl alcohol 170:182 vinyl alcohol 170:182 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 1 23 theme vinyl 170:174 arg1 Hyaluronan 148:157 Hyaluronan 148:157 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 7 24 theme barrier 1004:1010 arg1 properties 1012:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 966:1021 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 3 25 theme micelles 557:564 arg1 formation 525:533 the formation 521:533 the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution 521:584 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 7 26 theme structure 1158:1166 arg1 formation 1119:1127 the formation 1115:1127 the formation of three-dimensional network structure 1115:1166 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 2 27 from properties 353:362 arg1 solution 432:439 aqueous solution 424:439 aqueous solution 424:439 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 2 28 theme HA/PVA-SbQ 399:408 arg1 composites 410:419 HA/PVA-SbQ composites 399:419 HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution 399:439 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 0 29 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films 0:110 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 2 30 from characterization 379:394 arg1 solution 432:439 aqueous solution 424:439 aqueous solution 424:439 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 8 31 dep mechanical 1218:1227 arg1 thermal 1230:1236 thermal 1230:1236 thermal 1230:1236 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 7 32 theme HA/PVA-SbQ 871:880 arg1 films 893:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 3 33 theme Zeta 460:463 arg1 measurements 475:486 Zeta potential measurements 460:486 Zeta potential measurements 460:486 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 4 34 theme UV 587:588 arg1 spectra 590:596 UV spectra 587:596 UV spectra 587:596 UV spectra and DLS experiments confirmed that the micelles are photo-crosslinkable. 25439914 7 35 theme three-dimensional 1132:1148 arg1 structure 1158:1166 three-dimensional network structure 1132:1166 three-dimensional network structure 1132:1166 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 3 36 from formation 525:533 arg1 solution 577:584 aqueous solution 569:584 aqueous solution 569:584 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 3 37 used utilized 501:508 arg2 TEM 492:494 TEM 492:494 TEM 492:494 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 3 37 used utilized 501:508 arg2 measurements 475:486 Zeta potential measurements 460:486 Zeta potential measurements 460:486 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 7 38 theme composites 882:891 arg1 films 893:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 7 39 theme composites 1086:1095 arg1 films 1097:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 0 40 theme structural 16:25 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films 0:110 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 1 41 theme charged 291:297 arg1 HA 299:300 HA 299:300 HA 299:300 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 0 42 theme irradiation 130:140 arg1 time 142:145 UV irradiation time 127:145 UV irradiation time 127:145 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 1 43 theme styrylpyridinium 193:208 arg1 groups 210:215 styrylpyridinium groups 193:215 styrylpyridinium groups 193:215 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 0 44 theme HA/PVA-SbQ 47:56 arg1 composites 58:67 HA/PVA-SbQ composites 47:67 HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films 47:110 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 7 45 theme crosslinked 859:869 arg1 films 893:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 8 46 theme materials 1289:1297 arg1 properties 1272:1281 optical properties 1264:1281 optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material 1264:1324 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 8 46 theme materials 1289:1297 arg1 barrier 1251:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 8 47 theme optical 1264:1270 arg1 properties 1272:1281 optical properties 1264:1281 optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material 1264:1324 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 7 48 theme HA/PVA-SbQ 1075:1084 arg1 films 1097:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 2 49 theme aqueous 424:430 arg1 solution 432:439 aqueous solution 424:439 aqueous solution 424:439 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 8 50 theme HA 1286:1287 arg1 materials 1289:1297 HA materials 1286:1297 HA materials for the packaging material 1286:1324 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 7 51 link uncrosslinked 1061:1073 arg1 films 1097:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 6 52 theme optical 802:808 arg1 transmittance 810:822 optical transmittance 802:822 optical transmittance 802:822 The microstructure and properties of the film were analyzed by SEM, optical transmittance, DSC, XRD and tensile testing. 25439914 2 53 theme rheological 341:351 arg1 properties 353:362 The rheological properties 337:362 The rheological properties 337:362 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 0 54 theme composites 58:67 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films 0:110 Rheological and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites film-forming solutions and resulting films as affected by UV irradiation time. 25439914 8 55 theme packaging 1307:1315 arg1 material 1317:1324 the packaging material 1303:1324 the packaging material 1303:1324 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 1 56 theme charged 320:326 arg1 PVA-SbQ 328:334 an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ 306:334 an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ 306:334 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 8 57 dep barrier 1251:1257 arg1 the 1214:1216 the 1214:1216 the 1214:1216 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 2 58 from composites 410:419 arg1 solution 432:439 aqueous solution 424:439 aqueous solution 424:439 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 7 59 theme uncrosslinked 1061:1073 arg1 films 1097:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 1057:1101 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 7 60 link crosslinked 859:869 arg1 films 893:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films 855:897 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 8 61 theme vapor 1245:1249 arg1 barrier 1251:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 2 62 from solution 432:439 arg1 properties 353:362 The rheological properties 337:362 The rheological properties 337:362 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 2 62 from solution 432:439 arg1 characterization 379:394 structural characterization 368:394 structural characterization 368:394 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 1 63 theme Hyaluronan 148:157 arg1 solutions 251:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 7 64 theme light 947:951 arg1 transparency 953:964 visible light transparency 939:964 visible light transparency 939:964 The crosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films exhibited higher UV light shielding and visible light transparency and better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties as well as thermal stability than the uncrosslinked HA/PVA-SbQ composites films, indicating the formation of three-dimensional network structure. 25439914 8 65 theme water 1239:1243 arg1 barrier 1251:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 water vapor barrier 1239:1257 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 3 66 theme complex 549:555 arg1 micelles 557:564 HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles 538:564 HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles 538:564 Zeta potential measurements and TEM were utilized to explore the formation of HA/PVA-SbQ complex micelles in aqueous solution. 25439914 2 67 theme composites 410:419 arg1 properties 353:362 The rheological properties 337:362 The rheological properties 337:362 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 2 67 theme composites 410:419 arg1 characterization 379:394 structural characterization 368:394 structural characterization 368:394 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 1 68 theme composites 227:236 arg1 solutions 251:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 25439914 2 69 theme structural 368:377 arg1 characterization 379:394 structural characterization 368:394 structural characterization 368:394 The rheological properties and structural characterization of HA/PVA-SbQ composites in aqueous solution were investigated. 25439914 8 70 theme good 1190:1193 arg1 way 1195:1197 a good way 1188:1197 a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material 1188:1324 This work provided a good way for increasing the mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier, and optical properties of HA materials for the packaging material. 25439914 1 71 theme film-forming 238:249 arg1 solutions 251:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions 148:259 Hyaluronan (HA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) composites film-forming solutions were prepared by a negatively charged HA and an oppositely charged PVA-SbQ. 26917373 7 0 theme digital 979:985 arg1 observation 1000:1010 digital photographic observation 979:1010 digital photographic observation 979:1010 The formation of various core-shell particles was confirmed with digital photographic observation, thermogravimetric and fluorescence analyses. 26917373 3 1 theme aqueous 480:486 arg1 alginate 495:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 5 2 theme obtained 625:632 arg1 particles 634:642 obtained particles 625:642 obtained particles 625:642 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 1 3 theme aqueous 163:169 arg1 cores 184:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 6 4 dep transform 881:889 arg1 infrared 891:898 infrared 891:898 transform infrared spectroscopy 881:911 The composition of the shell was verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26917373 3 5 theme polyelectrolyte 348:362 arg1 complexes 364:372 polyelectrolyte complexes 348:372 polyelectrolyte complexes 348:372 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 5 6 theme particles 634:642 arg1 cores 616:620 The cores 612:620 The cores of obtained particles at this step 612:655 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 8 7 theme whole 1062:1066 arg1 one 1093:1095 one 1093:1095 one 1093:1095 The whole process was a chain-like one and was able to stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target. 26917373 8 7 theme whole 1062:1066 arg1 able 1105:1108 able 1105:1108 able 1105:1108 The whole process was a chain-like one and was able to stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target. 26917373 8 7 theme whole 1062:1066 arg1 process 1068:1074 The whole process 1058:1074 The whole process 1058:1074 The whole process was a chain-like one and was able to stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target. 26917373 8 8 theme corresponding 1144:1156 arg1 target 1158:1163 a corresponding target 1142:1163 a corresponding target 1142:1163 The whole process was a chain-like one and was able to stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target. 26917373 7 9 theme core-shell 939:948 arg1 particles 950:958 various core-shell particles 931:958 various core-shell particles 931:958 The formation of various core-shell particles was confirmed with digital photographic observation, thermogravimetric and fluorescence analyses. 26917373 2 10 theme WSC 290:292 arg1 solution 294:301 the aqueous WSC solution 278:301 the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL 278:314 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 7 11 theme particles 950:958 arg1 formation 918:926 The formation 914:926 The formation of various core-shell particles 914:958 The formation of various core-shell particles was confirmed with digital photographic observation, thermogravimetric and fluorescence analyses. 26917373 2 12 theme aqueous 282:288 arg1 solution 294:301 the aqueous WSC solution 278:301 the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL 278:314 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 3 13 theme gel 430:432 arg1 particles 434:442 WSC gel particles 426:442 WSC gel particles 426:442 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 5 14 theme sulfate 767:773 arg1 solutions 802:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 1 15 with particles 142:150 arg1 cores 184:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 1 16 theme chain-like 82:91 arg1 route 93:97 A chain-like route 80:97 A chain-like route 80:97 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 1 17 theme inorganic 174:182 arg1 cores 184:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 0 18 theme core-shell 8:17 arg1 particles 19:27 Tunable core-shell particles 0:27 Tunable core-shell particles 0:27 Tunable core-shell particles generated from smart water-soluble chitosan seeds. 26917373 7 19 theme various 931:937 arg1 particles 950:958 various core-shell particles 931:958 various core-shell particles 931:958 The formation of various core-shell particles was confirmed with digital photographic observation, thermogravimetric and fluorescence analyses. 26917373 0 20 theme Tunable 0:6 arg1 particles 19:27 Tunable core-shell particles 0:27 Tunable core-shell particles 0:27 Tunable core-shell particles generated from smart water-soluble chitosan seeds. 26917373 4 21 theme core-shell 529:538 arg1 particles 540:548 these core-shell particles 523:548 these core-shell particles 523:548 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles disappeared after maintaining the particles in 1M HCl for 6h. 26917373 2 22 theme g/mL 311:314 arg1 solution 294:301 the aqueous WSC solution 278:301 the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL 278:314 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 4 23 from particles 584:592 arg1 HCl 600:602 1M HCl 597:602 1M HCl for 6h 597:609 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles disappeared after maintaining the particles in 1M HCl for 6h. 26917373 3 24 theme WSC 426:428 arg1 particles 434:442 WSC gel particles 426:442 WSC gel particles 426:442 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 5 25 theme sulfide 786:792 arg1 solutions 802:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 5 26 theme sodium 779:784 arg1 sulfide 786:792 sodium sulfide 779:792 sodium sulfide 779:792 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 5 27 theme aqueous 794:800 arg1 solutions 802:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 5 28 with particles 745:753 arg1 solutions 802:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions 760:810 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 6 29 theme shell 849:853 arg1 composition 830:840 The composition 826:840 The composition of the shell 826:853 The composition of the shell was verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26917373 3 30 theme sodium 488:493 arg1 alginate 495:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 0 31 theme smart 44:48 arg1 seeds 73:77 smart water-soluble chitosan seeds 44:77 smart water-soluble chitosan seeds 44:77 Tunable core-shell particles generated from smart water-soluble chitosan seeds. 26917373 3 32 theme % 478:478 arg1 alginate 495:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 7 33 dep observation 1000:1010 arg1 analyses 1048:1055 analyses 1048:1055 analyses 1048:1055 The formation of various core-shell particles was confirmed with digital photographic observation, thermogravimetric and fluorescence analyses. 26917373 4 34 from cores 514:518 arg1 particles 540:548 these core-shell particles 523:548 these core-shell particles 523:548 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles disappeared after maintaining the particles in 1M HCl for 6h. 26917373 4 35 theme WSC 510:512 arg1 cores 514:518 Soft WSC cores 505:518 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles 505:548 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles disappeared after maintaining the particles in 1M HCl for 6h. 26917373 2 36 theme gel 233:235 arg1 particles 237:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles 204:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles 204:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 5 37 theme inorganic 711:719 arg1 ones 721:724 inorganic ones 711:724 inorganic ones 711:724 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 0 38 theme chitosan 64:71 arg1 seeds 73:77 smart water-soluble chitosan seeds 44:77 smart water-soluble chitosan seeds 44:77 Tunable core-shell particles generated from smart water-soluble chitosan seeds. 26917373 4 39 theme Soft 505:508 arg1 cores 514:518 Soft WSC cores 505:518 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles 505:548 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles disappeared after maintaining the particles in 1M HCl for 6h. 26917373 8 40 from stage 1125:1129 arg1 stop 1113:1116 stop 1113:1116 stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target 1113:1163 The whole process was a chain-like one and was able to stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target. 26917373 3 41 theme wt 476:477 arg1 alginate 495:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 0 42 theme water-soluble 50:62 arg1 seeds 73:77 smart water-soluble chitosan seeds 44:77 smart water-soluble chitosan seeds 44:77 Tunable core-shell particles generated from smart water-soluble chitosan seeds. 26917373 8 43 dep harvest 1134:1140 arg1 target 1158:1163 a corresponding target 1142:1163 a corresponding target 1142:1163 The whole process was a chain-like one and was able to stop at any stage to harvest a corresponding target. 26917373 3 44 theme outer 408:412 arg1 surfaces 414:421 the outer surfaces 404:421 the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles 404:442 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 1 45 theme various 123:129 arg1 particles 142:150 various core-shell particles 123:150 various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 123:188 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 2 46 theme chitosan 218:225 arg1 particles 237:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles 204:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles 204:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 3 47 from particles 461:469 arg1 alginate 495:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate 474:502 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 1 48 theme core-shell 131:140 arg1 particles 142:150 various core-shell particles 123:150 various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 123:188 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 4 49 theme 1M 597:598 arg1 HCl 600:602 1M HCl 597:602 1M HCl for 6h 597:609 Soft WSC cores in these core-shell particles disappeared after maintaining the particles in 1M HCl for 6h. 26917373 2 50 theme Water-soluble 204:216 arg1 WSC 228:230 WSC 228:230 WSC 228:230 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 2 50 theme Water-soluble 204:216 arg1 chitosan 218:225 Water-soluble chitosan 204:225 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles 204:245 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 7 51 theme photographic 987:998 arg1 observation 1000:1010 digital photographic observation 979:1010 digital photographic observation 979:1010 The formation of various core-shell particles was confirmed with digital photographic observation, thermogravimetric and fluorescence analyses. 26917373 2 52 theme isoelectric 323:333 arg1 point 335:339 its isoelectric point 319:339 its isoelectric point 319:339 Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) gel particles were obtained through gelating the aqueous WSC solution of 0.02 g/mL at its isoelectric point. 26917373 3 53 theme particles 434:442 arg1 surfaces 414:421 the outer surfaces 404:421 the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles 404:442 Then, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed and surrounded on the outer surfaces of WSC gel particles by immersing the particles in 2 wt% aqueous sodium alginate. 26917373 6 54 dep Fourier 873:879 arg1 transform 881:889 transform 881:889 transform infrared spectroscopy 881:911 The composition of the shell was verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26917373 5 55 theme copper 760:765 arg1 sulfate 767:773 copper sulfate 760:773 copper sulfate 760:773 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 26917373 1 56 theme soft 157:160 arg1 cores 184:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 soft, aqueous or inorganic cores 157:188 A chain-like route was presented to create various core-shell particles with soft, aqueous or inorganic cores respectively. 26917373 5 57 from step 652:655 arg1 cores 616:620 The cores 612:620 The cores of obtained particles at this step 612:655 The cores of obtained particles at this step became aqueous, and could be further transformed into inorganic ones via contacting the particles with copper sulfate and sodium sulfide aqueous solutions successively. 27596411 6 0 theme X-ray 909:913 arg1 diffraction 915:925 X-ray diffraction 909:925 X-ray diffraction results 909:933 Moreover, X-ray diffraction results indicated that except for high amylose starch, the crystallinity of both starch and collagen was significantly decreased when subject to heating. 27596411 5 1 theme film 893:896 arg1 stability 867:875 the thermal stability 855:875 the thermal stability of the collagen film 855:896 DSC thermograms demonstrated that addition of all starches improved the thermal stability of the collagen film. 27596411 1 2 theme waxy 246:249 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 2 theme waxy 246:249 arg1 starch 257:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 0 3 theme films 80:84 arg1 water 40:44 water 40:44 water of corn starch-collagen composite films 40:84 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 0 4 from properties 11:20 arg1 water 40:44 water 40:44 water of corn starch-collagen composite films 40:84 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 4 5 theme amylose 680:686 arg1 content 688:694 the amylose content 676:694 the amylose content 676:694 Depending upon the amylose content and starch concentrations, film solubility in water decreased with the addition of starch. 27596411 2 6 contain had 377:379 arg2 surface 391:397 a rougher surface 381:397 a rougher surface 381:397 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 2 6 contain had 377:379 arg1 films 371:375 starch-collagen films 355:375 starch-collagen films 355:375 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 3 7 theme collagen 635:642 arg1 film 644:647 collagen film 635:647 collagen film 635:647 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 3 8 theme collagen 543:550 arg1 films 552:556 unheated collagen films 534:556 unheated collagen films 534:556 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 3 9 theme films 552:556 arg1 strength 522:529 the tensile strength 510:529 the tensile strength of unheated collagen films 510:556 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 0 10 theme type 104:107 arg1 concentrations 113:126 concentrations 113:126 concentrations 113:126 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 0 10 theme type 104:107 arg1 Effect 87:92 Effect 87:92 Effect of starch type 87:107 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 4 11 theme starch 700:705 arg1 concentrations 707:720 starch concentrations 700:720 starch concentrations 700:720 Depending upon the amylose content and starch concentrations, film solubility in water decreased with the addition of starch. 27596411 2 12 theme pure 411:414 arg1 films 425:429 pure collagen films 411:429 pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating 411:464 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 0 13 theme starch 97:102 arg1 type 104:107 starch type 97:107 starch type 97:107 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 3 14 theme unheated 534:541 arg1 films 552:556 unheated collagen films 534:556 unheated collagen films 534:556 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 2 15 theme rougher 383:389 arg1 surface 391:397 a rougher surface 381:397 a rougher surface 381:397 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 7 16 theme FTIR 1081:1084 arg1 spectra 1086:1092 FTIR spectra 1081:1092 FTIR spectra 1081:1092 FTIR spectra indicated that intermolecular interactions between starch and collagen were enhanced upon heating. 27596411 3 17 theme dry 566:568 arg1 states 578:583 both dry and wet states 561:583 both dry and wet states 561:583 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 0 18 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 4 19 from solubility 728:737 arg1 water 742:746 water 742:746 water 742:746 Depending upon the amylose content and starch concentrations, film solubility in water decreased with the addition of starch. 27596411 4 20 theme film 723:726 arg1 solubility 728:737 film solubility 723:737 film solubility in water 723:746 Depending upon the amylose content and starch concentrations, film solubility in water decreased with the addition of starch. 27596411 6 21 theme amylose 966:972 arg1 starch 974:979 high amylose starch 961:979 high amylose starch 961:979 Moreover, X-ray diffraction results indicated that except for high amylose starch, the crystallinity of both starch and collagen was significantly decreased when subject to heating. 27596411 2 22 theme collagen 416:423 arg1 films 425:429 pure collagen films 411:429 pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating 411:464 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 6 23 theme high 961:964 arg1 starch 974:979 high amylose starch 961:979 high amylose starch 961:979 Moreover, X-ray diffraction results indicated that except for high amylose starch, the crystallinity of both starch and collagen was significantly decreased when subject to heating. 27596411 1 24 dep starches 236:243 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 24 dep starches 236:243 arg1 starch 297:302 high amylose starch 284:302 high amylose starch 284:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 24 dep starches 236:243 arg1 starch 257:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 24 dep starches 236:243 arg1 starch 272:277 starch 272:277 starch 272:277 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 25 theme collagen 200:207 arg1 properties 186:195 the properties 182:195 the properties of collagen 182:207 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 3 26 theme film 644:647 arg1 strength 623:630 tensile strength 615:630 tensile strength of collagen film 615:647 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 5 27 theme starches 837:844 arg1 addition 821:828 addition 821:828 addition of all starches 821:844 DSC thermograms demonstrated that addition of all starches improved the thermal stability of the collagen film. 27596411 6 28 theme collagen 1019:1026 arg1 crystallinity 986:998 the crystallinity 982:998 the crystallinity of both starch and collagen 982:1026 Moreover, X-ray diffraction results indicated that except for high amylose starch, the crystallinity of both starch and collagen was significantly decreased when subject to heating. 27596411 1 29 theme high 284:287 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 29 theme high 284:287 arg1 starch 297:302 high amylose starch 284:302 high amylose starch 284:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 30 theme maize 251:255 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 30 theme maize 251:255 arg1 starch 257:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 0 31 theme corn 49:52 arg1 films 80:84 corn starch-collagen composite films 49:84 corn starch-collagen composite films 49:84 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 1 32 theme amylose 289:295 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 32 theme amylose 289:295 arg1 starch 297:302 high amylose starch 284:302 high amylose starch 284:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 3 33 theme wet 574:576 arg1 states 578:583 both dry and wet states 561:583 both dry and wet states 561:583 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 3 34 theme Amylose 467:473 arg1 starch 475:480 Amylose starch 467:480 Amylose starch 467:480 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 5 35 theme DSC 787:789 arg1 thermograms 791:801 DSC thermograms 787:801 DSC thermograms 787:801 DSC thermograms demonstrated that addition of all starches improved the thermal stability of the collagen film. 27596411 6 36 theme diffraction 915:925 arg1 results 927:933 X-ray diffraction results 909:933 X-ray diffraction results 909:933 Moreover, X-ray diffraction results indicated that except for high amylose starch, the crystallinity of both starch and collagen was significantly decreased when subject to heating. 27596411 2 37 theme microscopy 323:332 arg1 images 334:339 Scanning electron microscopy images 305:339 Scanning electron microscopy images 305:339 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 4 38 theme starch 779:784 arg1 addition 767:774 the addition 763:774 the addition of starch 763:784 Depending upon the amylose content and starch concentrations, film solubility in water decreased with the addition of starch. 27596411 2 39 theme electron 314:321 arg1 microscopy 323:332 Scanning electron microscopy 305:332 Scanning electron microscopy images 305:339 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 1 40 theme different 220:228 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 40 theme different 220:228 arg1 starch 297:302 high amylose starch 284:302 high amylose starch 284:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 40 theme different 220:228 arg1 starch 257:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 3 41 theme tensile 615:621 arg1 strength 623:630 tensile strength 615:630 tensile strength of collagen film 615:647 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 7 42 theme intermolecular 1109:1122 arg1 interactions 1124:1135 intermolecular interactions 1109:1135 intermolecular interactions between starch and collagen 1109:1163 FTIR spectra indicated that intermolecular interactions between starch and collagen were enhanced upon heating. 27596411 2 43 theme Scanning 305:312 arg1 microscopy 323:332 Scanning electron microscopy 305:332 Scanning electron microscopy images 305:339 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 27596411 1 44 theme maize 230:234 arg1 starches 236:243 three different maize starches 214:243 three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch 214:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 44 theme maize 230:234 arg1 starch 297:302 high amylose starch 284:302 high amylose starch 284:302 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 1 44 theme maize 230:234 arg1 starch 257:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 waxy maize starch 246:262 This study investigated the possibility of enhancing the properties of collagen with three different maize starches: waxy maize starch, normal starch, and high amylose starch. 27596411 0 45 theme composite 70:78 arg1 films 80:84 corn starch-collagen composite films 49:84 corn starch-collagen composite films 49:84 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 5 46 theme collagen 884:891 arg1 film 893:896 the collagen film 880:896 the collagen film 880:896 DSC thermograms demonstrated that addition of all starches improved the thermal stability of the collagen film. 27596411 0 47 dep properties 11:20 arg1 concentrations 113:126 concentrations 113:126 concentrations 113:126 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 0 47 dep properties 11:20 arg1 Effect 87:92 Effect 87:92 Effect of starch type 87:107 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 3 48 theme tensile 514:520 arg1 strength 522:529 the tensile strength 510:529 the tensile strength of unheated collagen films 510:556 Amylose starch and normal starch increased the tensile strength of unheated collagen films in both dry and wet states, while all starches increased tensile strength of collagen film by heating. 27596411 5 49 theme thermal 859:865 arg1 stability 867:875 the thermal stability 855:875 the thermal stability of the collagen film 855:896 DSC thermograms demonstrated that addition of all starches improved the thermal stability of the collagen film. 27596411 6 50 theme starch 1008:1013 arg1 crystallinity 986:998 the crystallinity 982:998 the crystallinity of both starch and collagen 982:1026 Moreover, X-ray diffraction results indicated that except for high amylose starch, the crystallinity of both starch and collagen was significantly decreased when subject to heating. 27596411 0 51 theme starch-collagen 54:68 arg1 films 80:84 corn starch-collagen composite films 49:84 corn starch-collagen composite films 49:84 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 0 52 from solubility 26:35 arg1 water 40:44 water 40:44 water of corn starch-collagen composite films 40:84 Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. 27596411 2 53 theme starch-collagen 355:369 arg1 films 371:375 starch-collagen films 355:375 starch-collagen films 355:375 Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that starch-collagen films had a rougher surface compared to pure collagen films which became smoother upon heating. 29169945 2 0 theme X-ray 490:494 arg1 spectroscopy 502:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 3 1 dep S.aureus 716:723 arg1 B.cereus 736:743 B.cereus 736:743 B.cereus 736:743 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 3 1 dep S.aureus 716:723 arg1 1015 752:755 1015 752:755 1015 752:755 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 6 2 theme vapor 1417:1421 arg1 permeability 1423:1434 the water vapor permeability 1407:1434 the water vapor permeability 1407:1434 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 5 3 theme small 1018:1022 arg1 amount 1024:1029 small amount 1018:1029 small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films 1018:1055 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 1 4 theme optical 249:255 arg1 properties 287:296 its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties 245:296 its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties 245:296 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 2 5 theme dispersive 479:488 arg1 spectroscopy 502:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 3 6 theme PTCC 671:674 arg1 P.aeruginosa 657:668 P.aeruginosa 657:668 P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430) 657:680 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 3 6 theme PTCC 671:674 arg1 1430 676:679 PTCC 1430 671:679 PTCC 1430 671:679 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 1 7 theme eco-friendly 173:184 arg1 method 186:191 a facile and eco-friendly method 160:191 a facile and eco-friendly method 160:191 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 6 8 theme E 1352:1352 arg1 values 1356:1361 break (E%) values 1345:1361 break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4% 1345:1377 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 5 9 theme water 1132:1136 arg1 solubility 1138:1147 water solubility 1132:1147 water solubility 1132:1147 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 4 10 theme physical 865:872 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 1 11 theme mechanical 258:267 arg1 properties 287:296 its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties 245:296 its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties 245:296 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 3 12 theme Gram-positive 691:703 arg1 bacterium 705:713 two Gram-positive bacterium 687:713 two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)) 687:757 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 4 13 theme chitosan 945:952 arg1 films 954:958 chitosan films 945:958 chitosan films 945:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 3 14 theme MMT-CuO 546:552 arg1 nanocomposites 554:567 MMT-CuO nanocomposites 546:567 MMT-CuO nanocomposites 546:567 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 6 15 theme water 1411:1415 arg1 permeability 1423:1434 the water vapor permeability 1407:1434 the water vapor permeability 1407:1434 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 6 16 dep values 1356:1361 arg1 % 1367:1367 58.5% 1363:1367 58.5% 1363:1367 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 6 16 dep values 1356:1361 arg1 % 1377:1377 52.4% 1373:1377 52.4% 1373:1377 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 4 17 theme optical 875:881 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 6 18 theme % 1353:1353 arg1 values 1356:1361 break (E%) values 1345:1361 break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4% 1345:1377 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 1 19 theme Montmorillonite 88:102 arg1 MMT-CuO 119:125 MMT-CuO 119:125 MMT-CuO 119:125 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 1 19 theme Montmorillonite 88:102 arg1 oxide 112:116 Montmorillonite -copper oxide 88:116 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites 88:141 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 7 20 theme intense 1521:1527 arg1 activity 1543:1550 intense antibacterial activity 1521:1550 intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus 1521:1630 CSG3MMT-CuO-90 films showed intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus. 29169945 6 21 theme nanocomposite 1263:1275 arg1 incorporation 1228:1240 The incorporation 1224:1240 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films 1224:1290 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 5 22 theme MMT-CuO 1031:1037 arg1 amount 1024:1029 small amount 1018:1029 small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films 1018:1055 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 4 23 theme fraction 781:788 arg1 effect 764:769 The effect 760:769 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 760:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 1 24 theme -copper 104:110 arg1 MMT-CuO 119:125 MMT-CuO 119:125 MMT-CuO 119:125 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 1 24 theme -copper 104:110 arg1 oxide 112:116 Montmorillonite -copper oxide 88:116 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites 88:141 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 3 25 dep % 588:588 arg1 99 586:587 99 586:587 99 586:587 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 0 26 theme Antibacterial 9:21 arg1 effect 23:28 Antibacterial effect 9:28 Antibacterial effect of chitosan film 9:45 Enhanced Antibacterial effect of chitosan film using Montmorillonite/CuO nanocomposite. 29169945 7 27 theme effective 1591:1599 arg1 borne 1565:1569 food borne 1560:1569 food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus 1560:1630 CSG3MMT-CuO-90 films showed intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus. 29169945 4 28 theme nanocomposites 801:814 arg1 fraction 781:788 weight fraction 774:788 weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller 774:860 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 4 29 theme mechanical 884:893 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 1 30 theme oxide 112:116 arg1 nanocomposites 128:141 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites 88:141 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites 88:141 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 7 31 theme food 1560:1563 arg1 borne 1565:1569 food borne 1560:1569 food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus 1560:1630 CSG3MMT-CuO-90 films showed intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus. 29169945 3 32 dep mortality 590:598 arg1 % 588:588 % 588:588 % 588:588 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 1 33 theme antibacterial 273:285 arg1 properties 287:296 its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties 245:296 its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties 245:296 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 4 34 theme MMT-CuO 793:799 arg1 % 827:827 1, 3 and 5% w/w 817:831 1, 3 and 5% w/w 817:831 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 4 34 theme MMT-CuO 793:799 arg1 nanocomposites 801:814 MMT-CuO nanocomposites 793:814 MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller 793:860 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 6 35 theme w/w 1248:1250 arg1 nanocomposite 1263:1275 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite 1245:1275 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite 1245:1275 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 2 36 theme X-ray 391:395 arg1 XRD 410:412 XRD 410:412 XRD 410:412 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 36 theme X-ray 391:395 arg1 diffraction 397:407 X-ray diffraction 391:407 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 391:413 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 37 theme electron 440:447 arg1 microscopy 449:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy 416:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 416:466 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 37 theme electron 440:447 arg1 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 6 38 theme MMT-CuO-90 1252:1261 arg1 nanocomposite 1263:1275 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite 1245:1275 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite 1245:1275 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 3 39 theme nanocomposites 554:567 arg1 activity 534:541 The antimicrobial activity 516:541 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites 516:567 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 2 40 theme emission 422:429 arg1 microscopy 449:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy 416:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 416:466 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 40 theme emission 422:429 arg1 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 41 theme scanning 431:438 arg1 microscopy 449:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy 416:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 416:466 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 41 theme scanning 431:438 arg1 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 3 42 theme antimicrobial 520:532 arg1 activity 534:541 The antimicrobial activity 516:541 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites 516:567 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 2 43 theme synthesized 303:313 arg1 composites 315:324 The synthesized composites 299:324 The synthesized composites 299:324 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 44 theme field 416:420 arg1 microscopy 449:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy 416:458 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 416:466 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 44 theme field 416:420 arg1 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 FESEM 461:465 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 45 theme energy 472:477 arg1 spectroscopy 502:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 7 46 theme pathogenic 1571:1580 arg1 borne 1565:1569 food borne 1560:1569 food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus 1560:1630 CSG3MMT-CuO-90 films showed intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus. 29169945 6 47 theme % 1246:1246 arg1 nanocomposite 1263:1275 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite 1245:1275 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite 1245:1275 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 6 48 theme break 1345:1349 arg1 values 1356:1361 break (E%) values 1345:1361 break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4% 1345:1377 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 6 49 theme 3 1245:1245 arg1 % 1246:1246 % 1246:1246 % 1246:1246 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 3 50 dep bacterium 626:634 arg1 PTCC 645:648 PTCC 1270 645:653 PTCC 1270 645:653 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 3 50 dep bacterium 626:634 arg1 E.coli 637:642 E.coli 637:642 E.coli (PTCC 1270) 637:654 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 3 50 dep bacterium 626:634 arg1 P.aeruginosa 657:668 P.aeruginosa 657:668 P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430) 657:680 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 0 51 theme chitosan 33:40 arg1 effect 23:28 Antibacterial effect 9:28 Antibacterial effect of chitosan film 9:45 Enhanced Antibacterial effect of chitosan film using Montmorillonite/CuO nanocomposite. 29169945 4 52 theme antibacterial 837:849 arg1 nanofiller 851:860 antibacterial nanofiller 837:860 antibacterial nanofiller 837:860 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 5 53 theme antibacterial 1087:1099 arg1 properties 1101:1110 the mechanical, antibacterial properties 1071:1110 properties 1101:1110 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 0 54 theme Montmorillonite/CuO 53:71 arg1 nanocomposite 73:85 Montmorillonite/CuO nanocomposite 53:85 Montmorillonite/CuO nanocomposite 53:85 Enhanced Antibacterial effect of chitosan film using Montmorillonite/CuO nanocomposite. 29169945 5 55 theme mechanical 1075:1084 arg1 properties 1101:1110 the mechanical, antibacterial properties 1071:1110 properties 1101:1110 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 7 56 theme antibacterial 1529:1541 arg1 activity 1543:1550 intense antibacterial activity 1521:1550 intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus 1521:1630 CSG3MMT-CuO-90 films showed intense antibacterial activity against food borne pathogenic and more effective against S. aureus and B.cereus. 29169945 4 57 theme weight 774:779 arg1 fraction 781:788 weight fraction 774:788 weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller 774:860 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 4 58 theme antibacterial 917:929 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 5 59 theme chitosan 1042:1049 arg1 films 1051:1055 chitosan films 1042:1055 chitosan films 1042:1055 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 4 60 from effect 764:769 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 2 61 theme reflectance 359:369 arg1 DRS 385:387 DRS 385:387 DRS 385:387 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 61 theme reflectance 359:369 arg1 spectroscopy 371:382 diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 351:382 diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) 351:388 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 3 62 dep bacterium 705:713 arg1 PTCC1112 726:733 PTCC1112 726:733 PTCC1112 726:733 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 3 62 dep bacterium 705:713 arg1 S.aureus 716:723 S.aureus 716:723 S.aureus 716:723 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 4 63 theme films 954:958 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 2 64 theme diffuse 351:357 arg1 DRS 385:387 DRS 385:387 DRS 385:387 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 2 64 theme diffuse 351:357 arg1 spectroscopy 371:382 diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 351:382 diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) 351:388 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 5 65 theme UV 1153:1154 arg1 transition 1156:1165 UV transition 1153:1165 UV transition 1153:1165 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 5 66 from effect 1183:1188 arg1 transparency 1197:1208 the transparency 1193:1208 the transparency of the films 1193:1221 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 6 67 theme strong 1314:1319 arg1 tensile 1306:1312 the tensile strong 1302:1319 the tensile strong (TS) 1302:1324 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 6 67 theme strong 1314:1319 arg1 TS 1322:1323 TS 1322:1323 TS 1322:1323 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 6 68 theme oxygen 1440:1445 arg1 permeability 1447:1458 oxygen permeability 1440:1458 oxygen permeability 1440:1458 The incorporation of 3% w/w MMT-CuO-90 nanocomposite into the films increased the tensile strong (TS), and elongation at break (E%) values 58.5% and 52.4%, respectively while reduced the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability about 55% and 32%, respectively. 29169945 2 69 theme EDX 497:499 arg1 spectroscopy 502:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 472:513 The synthesized composites were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 29169945 5 70 theme obtained 980:987 arg1 data 989:992 The obtained data 976:992 The obtained data 976:992 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 1 71 theme chitosan 213:220 arg1 matrix 227:232 chitosan (Cs) matrix 213:232 chitosan (Cs) matrix 213:232 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 5 72 theme films 1217:1221 arg1 transparency 1197:1208 the transparency 1193:1208 the transparency of the films 1193:1221 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 29169945 4 73 theme microstructural 896:910 arg1 properties 931:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties 865:940 physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films 865:958 The effect of weight fraction of MMT-CuO nanocomposites (1, 3 and 5% w/w) as antibacterial nanofiller on physical, optical, mechanical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were evaluated. 29169945 3 74 theme Gram-negative 612:624 arg1 bacterium 626:634 two Gram-negative bacterium 608:634 two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) 608:681 The antimicrobial activity of MMT-CuO nanocomposites showed more than 99% mortality against two Gram-negative bacterium (E.coli (PTCC 1270), P.aeruginosa (PTCC 1430)) and two Gram-positive bacterium (S.aureus (PTCC1112) B.cereus (PTCC- 1015)). 29169945 1 75 theme facile 162:167 arg1 method 186:191 a facile and eco-friendly method 160:191 a facile and eco-friendly method 160:191 Montmorillonite -copper oxide (MMT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and eco-friendly method and introduced into chitosan (Cs) matrix to enhance its optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. 29169945 5 76 theme lowest 1176:1181 arg1 effect 1183:1188 the lowest effect 1172:1188 the lowest effect on the transparency of the films 1172:1221 The obtained data showed that introducing small amount MMT-CuO to chitosan films could enhance the mechanical, antibacterial properties, and decreased both water solubility and UV transition with the lowest effect on the transparency of the films. 25882010 1 0 theme chitosan 167:174 arg1 ratio 158:162 a 1:1 weight ratio 145:162 a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 145:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 3 1 theme disintegration 809:822 arg1 dissolution 736:746 the dissolution 732:746 the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet 732:836 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 2 theme interpolymer 755:766 arg1 complex 768:774 the interpolymer complex 751:774 the interpolymer complex 751:774 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 1 3 theme original 316:323 arg1 components 325:334 the original components 312:334 the original components 312:334 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 4 4 theme release 931:937 arg1 formation 880:888 the formation 876:888 the formation of a gel by CS 876:903 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 4 4 theme release 931:937 arg1 cause 913:917 the cause 909:917 the cause of the slow release 909:937 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 2 5 from pH 447:448 arg1 media 438:442 media 438:442 media at pH 1.2 438:452 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 4 6 theme medium 858:863 arg1 case 846:849 the case 842:849 the case of the medium at pH 6.8 842:873 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 3 7 theme CS/SBE-β-CyD 623:634 arg1 complex 636:642 the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex 606:642 the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water 606:714 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 5 8 theme CS/SBE-β-CyD 1123:1134 arg1 tablet 1136:1141 the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet 1119:1141 the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet 1119:1141 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 5 9 dep in 1164:1165 arg1 vivo 1167:1170 vivo 1167:1170 vivo 1167:1170 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 3 10 theme tablets 494:500 arg1 observation 479:489 Macroscopic observation 467:489 Macroscopic observation of tablets 467:500 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 10 theme tablets 494:500 arg1 analysis 516:523 a kinetic analysis 506:523 a kinetic analysis of release profiles 506:543 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 11 theme erosion 797:803 arg1 dissolution 736:746 the dissolution 732:746 the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet 732:836 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 5 12 theme in 1077:1078 arg1 characteristic 1101:1114 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic 1073:1114 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet 1073:1141 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 3 13 theme tablet 831:836 arg1 erosion 797:803 the erosion 793:803 the erosion 793:803 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 13 theme tablet 831:836 arg1 disintegration 809:822 disintegration 809:822 disintegration of the tablet 809:836 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 13 theme tablet 831:836 arg1 complex 768:774 the interpolymer complex 751:774 the interpolymer complex 751:774 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 5 14 theme drug 1190:1193 arg1 absorption 1172:1181 the in vivo absorption 1160:1181 the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats 1160:1227 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 2 15 theme simple 390:395 arg1 mixture 397:403 a simple mixture 388:403 a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD 388:423 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 6 16 theme simple 1259:1264 arg1 useful 1308:1313 useful 1308:1313 useful 1308:1313 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 6 16 theme simple 1259:1264 arg1 mixing 1266:1271 a simple mixing 1257:1271 a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD 1257:1291 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 4 17 from pH 868:869 arg1 case 846:849 the case 842:849 the case of the medium at pH 6.8 842:873 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 4 17 from pH 868:869 arg1 medium 858:863 the medium 854:863 the medium at pH 6.8 854:873 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 5 18 theme releasing 1091:1099 arg1 characteristic 1101:1114 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic 1073:1114 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet 1073:1141 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 5 19 theme oral 1201:1204 arg1 administration 1206:1219 oral administration 1201:1219 oral administration to rats 1201:1227 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 2 20 theme SBE-β-CyD 415:423 arg1 mixture 397:403 a simple mixture 388:403 a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD 388:423 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 0 21 from tablets 32:38 arg1 famotidine 16:25 famotidine 16:25 famotidine from tablets consisting of chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 16:104 Slow-release of famotidine from tablets consisting of chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites. 25882010 4 22 from cause 913:917 arg1 case 846:849 the case 842:849 the case of the medium at pH 6.8 842:873 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 1 23 dep chitosan 167:174 arg1 CS 177:178 CS 177:178 CS 177:178 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 23 dep chitosan 167:174 arg1 weight 191:196 molecular weight 181:196 molecular weight 30 kDa 181:203 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 4 24 dep diameter 1022:1029 arg1 the 1018:1020 the 1018:1020 the 1018:1020 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 1 25 theme molecular 181:189 arg1 CS 177:178 CS 177:178 CS 177:178 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 25 theme molecular 181:189 arg1 weight 191:196 molecular weight 181:196 molecular weight 30 kDa 181:203 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 3 26 theme less-soluble 610:621 arg1 complex 636:642 the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex 606:642 the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water 606:714 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 1 27 theme substitution 264:275 arg1 degree 254:259 degree 254:259 degree of substitution 7 254:277 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 27 theme substitution 264:275 arg1 SBE-β-CyD 243:251 SBE-β-CyD 243:251 SBE-β-CyD 243:251 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 28 theme intermolecular 110:123 arg1 soluble 289:295 soluble 289:295 soluble 289:295 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 28 theme intermolecular 110:123 arg1 complex 125:131 An intermolecular complex 107:131 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 107:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 2 29 theme famotidine 352:361 arg1 slower 428:433 slower 428:433 slower 428:433 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 2 29 theme famotidine 352:361 arg1 release 341:347 The release 337:347 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD 337:423 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 2 30 theme CS 408:409 arg1 mixture 397:403 a simple mixture 388:403 a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD 388:423 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 1 31 theme 30 198:199 arg1 kDa 201:203 kDa 201:203 kDa 201:203 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 0 32 theme famotidine 16:25 arg1 Slow-release 0:11 Slow-release 0:11 Slow-release 0:11 Slow-release of famotidine from tablets consisting of chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites. 25882010 6 33 theme SBE-β-CyD 1283:1291 arg1 useful 1308:1313 useful 1308:1313 useful 1308:1313 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 6 33 theme SBE-β-CyD 1283:1291 arg1 mixing 1266:1271 a simple mixing 1257:1271 a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD 1257:1291 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 1 34 dep β-cyclodextrin 227:240 arg1 degree 254:259 degree 254:259 degree of substitution 7 254:277 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 34 dep β-cyclodextrin 227:240 arg1 SBE-β-CyD 243:251 SBE-β-CyD 243:251 SBE-β-CyD 243:251 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 3 35 theme kinetic 508:514 arg1 analysis 516:523 a kinetic analysis 506:523 a kinetic analysis of release profiles 506:543 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 5 36 theme tablet 1136:1141 arg1 characteristic 1101:1114 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic 1073:1114 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet 1073:1141 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 1 37 theme kDa 201:203 arg1 CS 177:178 CS 177:178 CS 177:178 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 37 theme kDa 201:203 arg1 weight 191:196 molecular weight 181:196 molecular weight 30 kDa 181:203 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 6 38 theme CS 1276:1277 arg1 useful 1308:1313 useful 1308:1313 useful 1308:1313 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 6 38 theme CS 1276:1277 arg1 mixing 1266:1271 a simple mixing 1257:1271 a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD 1257:1291 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 3 39 theme tablet 673:678 arg1 surface 658:664 the surface 654:664 the surface of the tablet 654:678 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 4 40 from case 846:849 arg1 pH 868:869 pH 6.8 868:873 pH 6.8 868:873 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 3 41 theme complex 768:774 arg1 dissolution 736:746 the dissolution 732:746 the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet 732:836 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 42 attach released 592:599 arg1 complex 636:642 the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex 606:642 the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water 606:714 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 42 attach released 592:599 arg2 drug 576:579 the drug 572:579 the drug 572:579 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 4 43 theme tablet 1052:1057 arg1 thickness 1035:1043 thickness 1035:1043 thickness 1035:1043 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 4 43 theme tablet 1052:1057 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 diameter 1022:1029 diameter 1022:1029 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 0 44 theme chitosan/sulfobutyl 54:72 arg1 composites 95:104 chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 54:104 chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 54:104 Slow-release of famotidine from tablets consisting of chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites. 25882010 3 45 theme release 528:534 arg1 profiles 536:543 release profiles 528:543 release profiles 528:543 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 4 46 theme gel 895:897 arg1 cause 913:917 the cause 909:917 the cause of the slow release 909:937 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 4 46 theme gel 895:897 arg1 formation 880:888 the formation 876:888 the formation of a gel by CS 876:903 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 5 47 dep in 1077:1078 arg1 vitro 1080:1084 vitro 1080:1084 vitro 1080:1084 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 5 47 dep in 1077:1078 arg1 slow 1086:1089 slow 1086:1089 slow 1086:1089 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 3 48 theme profiles 536:543 arg1 observation 479:489 Macroscopic observation 467:489 Macroscopic observation of tablets 467:500 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 3 48 theme profiles 536:543 arg1 analysis 516:523 a kinetic analysis 506:523 a kinetic analysis of release profiles 506:543 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 6 49 theme drug 1347:1350 arg1 release 1334:1340 the controlled release 1319:1340 the controlled release of a drug 1319:1350 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 25882010 2 50 from tablets 368:374 arg1 slower 428:433 slower 428:433 slower 428:433 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 2 50 from tablets 368:374 arg1 release 341:347 The release 337:347 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD 337:423 The release of famotidine from tablets composed of a simple mixture of CS and SBE-β-CyD is slower in media at pH 1.2 than at 6.8. 25882010 1 51 theme 1:1 147:149 arg1 ratio 158:162 a 1:1 weight ratio 145:162 a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 145:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 1 52 theme sulfobutyl 210:219 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 227:240 sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin 210:240 sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 210:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 3 53 dep released 592:599 arg1 accompanied 717:727 accompanied 717:727 accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet 717:836 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 1 54 theme weight 151:156 arg1 ratio 158:162 a 1:1 weight ratio 145:162 a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 145:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 4 55 theme CS/SBE-β-CyD 955:966 arg1 tablets 968:974 CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets 955:974 CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated 955:1007 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 1 56 theme ether 221:225 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 227:240 sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin 210:240 sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 210:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 0 57 theme β-cyclodextrin 80:93 arg1 composites 95:104 chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 54:104 chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 54:104 Slow-release of famotidine from tablets consisting of chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites. 25882010 4 58 theme slow 926:929 arg1 release 931:937 the slow release 922:937 the slow release 922:937 In the case of the medium at pH 6.8, the formation of a gel by CS was the cause of the slow release, especially for CS/SBE-β-CyD tablets which were significantly gelated and both the diameter and thickness of the tablet had expanded. 25882010 5 59 theme in 1164:1165 arg1 absorption 1172:1181 the in vivo absorption 1160:1181 the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats 1160:1227 The in vitro slow releasing characteristic of the CS/SBE-β-CyD tablet was reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after oral administration to rats. 25882010 1 60 theme β-cyclodextrin 227:240 arg1 ratio 158:162 a 1:1 weight ratio 145:162 a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) 145:278 An intermolecular complex formed from a 1:1 weight ratio of chitosan (CS, molecular weight 30 kDa) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD, degree of substitution 7) was less soluble than either of the original components. 25882010 0 61 theme ether 74:78 arg1 composites 95:104 chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 54:104 chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites 54:104 Slow-release of famotidine from tablets consisting of chitosan/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin composites. 25882010 3 62 theme Macroscopic 467:477 arg1 observation 479:489 Macroscopic observation 467:489 Macroscopic observation of tablets 467:500 Macroscopic observation of tablets and a kinetic analysis of release profiles suggested that, at pH 1.2, the drug was slowly released from the less-soluble CS/SBE-β-CyD complex formed on the surface of the tablet immediately after exposure to water, accompanied by the dissolution of the interpolymer complex and, ultimately, the erosion and disintegration of the tablet. 25882010 6 63 theme controlled 1323:1332 arg1 release 1334:1340 the controlled release 1319:1340 the controlled release of a drug 1319:1350 These results suggest that a simple mixing of CS and SBE-β-CyD is potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug. 26099260 2 0 theme analytes 660:667 arg1 nature 496:501 the nature 492:501 the nature 492:501 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 0 theme analytes 660:667 arg1 temperature 622:632 temperature 622:632 temperature 622:632 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 0 theme analytes 660:667 arg1 structures 642:651 the structures 638:651 the structures of the analytes 638:667 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 0 theme analytes 660:667 arg1 concentration 507:519 concentration 507:519 concentration 507:519 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 0 theme analytes 660:667 arg1 composition 479:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 1 theme mobile 466:471 arg1 composition 479:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 0 2 theme macrocyclic 109:119 arg1 glycopeptide 121:132 macrocyclic glycopeptide 109:132 macrocyclic glycopeptide 109:132 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 3 3 theme mobile 748:753 arg1 compositions 761:772 constant mobile phase compositions 739:772 constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C 739:805 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 3 4 theme free 938:941 arg1 energy 943:948 free energy 938:948 free energy 938:948 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 1 5 theme chiral 346:351 arg1 phases 364:369 chiral stationary phases 346:369 chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors 346:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 0 6 theme cyclofructan-based 138:155 arg1 phases 175:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 4 7 theme elution 980:986 arg1 sequence 988:995 The elution sequence 976:995 The elution sequence 976:995 The elution sequence was determined in most cases; no general rule could be observed. 26099260 1 8 theme stationary 353:362 arg1 phases 364:369 chiral stationary phases 346:369 chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors 346:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 2 9 theme temperature 622:632 arg1 effects 451:457 The effects 447:457 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations 447:686 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 10 from nature 496:501 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 0 11 theme stationary 164:173 arg1 phases 175:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 3 12 theme cyclofructan-based 853:870 arg1 columns 872:878 cyclofructan-based columns 853:878 cyclofructan-based columns 853:878 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 2 13 dep additives 547:555 arg1 amines 568:573 amines 568:573 amines 568:573 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 13 dep additives 547:555 arg1 alcohols 558:565 alcohols 558:565 alcohols 558:565 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 13 dep additives 547:555 arg1 acids 579:583 acids 579:583 acids 579:583 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 14 theme different 524:532 arg1 additives 547:555 different mobile phase additives 524:555 different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes 524:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 0 15 theme chiral 157:162 arg1 phases 175:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 4 16 theme general 1030:1036 arg1 rule 1038:1041 no general rule 1027:1041 no general rule 1027:1041 The elution sequence was determined in most cases; no general rule could be observed. 26099260 0 17 gly glycopeptide 121:132 arg2 glycopeptide 121:132 macrocyclic glycopeptide 109:132 macrocyclic glycopeptide 109:132 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 2 18 theme nature 496:501 arg1 effects 451:457 The effects 447:457 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations 447:686 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 0 19 theme liquid 17:22 arg1 separation 40:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation 0:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 0:181 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 4 20 theme most 1015:1018 arg1 cases 1020:1024 most cases 1015:1024 most cases 1015:1024 The elution sequence was determined in most cases; no general rule could be observed. 26099260 0 21 theme High-performance 0:15 arg1 separation 40:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation 0:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 0:181 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 3 22 from changes 888:894 arg1 enthalpy 899:906 enthalpy 899:906 enthalpy 899:906 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 3 22 from changes 888:894 arg1 entropy 917:923 entropy 917:923 entropy 917:923 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 3 22 from changes 888:894 arg1 Δ 909:909 Δ(ΔH°) 909:914 Δ(ΔH°) 909:914 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 3 22 from changes 888:894 arg1 Δ 926:926 Δ(ΔS°) 926:931 Δ(ΔS°) 926:931 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 3 22 from changes 888:894 arg1 energy 943:948 free energy 938:948 free energy 938:948 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 3 22 from changes 888:894 arg1 Δ 951:951 Δ 951:951 Δ(ΔG°) 951:956 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 2 23 from composition 479:489 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 24 theme additives 547:555 arg1 nature 496:501 the nature 492:501 the nature 492:501 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 24 theme additives 547:555 arg1 temperature 622:632 temperature 622:632 temperature 622:632 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 24 theme additives 547:555 arg1 structures 642:651 the structures 638:651 the structures of the analytes 638:667 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 24 theme additives 547:555 arg1 concentration 507:519 concentration 507:519 concentration 507:519 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 24 theme additives 547:555 arg1 composition 479:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 1 25 theme macrocyclic 382:392 arg1 glycopeptides 394:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 25 theme macrocyclic 382:392 arg1 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 25 theme macrocyclic 382:392 arg1 selectors 436:444 chiral selectors 429:444 chiral selectors 429:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 2 26 from effects 451:457 arg1 separations 676:686 the separations 672:686 the separations 672:686 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 1 27 theme enantiomers 268:278 arg1 separation 254:263 the separation 250:263 the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors 250:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 0 28 theme chromatographic 24:38 arg1 separation 40:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation 0:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 0:181 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 3 29 theme phase 755:759 arg1 compositions 761:772 constant mobile phase compositions 739:772 constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C 739:805 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 2 30 theme composition 479:489 arg1 effects 451:457 The effects 447:457 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations 447:686 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 0 31 theme paclitaxel 54:63 arg1 derivatives 94:104 paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives 54:104 paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives 54:104 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 2 32 theme structures 642:651 arg1 effects 451:457 The effects 447:457 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations 447:686 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 33 from concentration 507:519 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 3 34 theme constant 739:746 arg1 compositions 761:772 constant mobile phase compositions 739:772 constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C 739:805 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 1 35 theme unnatural 288:296 arg1 analogs 335:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 0 36 theme phenylisoserine 78:92 arg1 derivatives 94:104 paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives 54:104 paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives 54:104 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 2 37 theme different 589:597 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 0 38 theme intermediate 65:76 arg1 derivatives 94:104 paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives 54:104 paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives 54:104 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 1 39 theme chiral 429:434 arg1 glycopeptides 394:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 39 theme chiral 429:434 arg1 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 39 theme chiral 429:434 arg1 selectors 436:444 chiral selectors 429:444 chiral selectors 429:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 2 40 from additives 547:555 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 3 41 theme temperature 781:791 arg1 range 793:797 the temperature range 10-50°C 777:805 the temperature range 10-50°C 777:805 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 2 42 from structures 642:651 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 3 43 from compositions 761:772 arg1 range 793:797 the temperature range 10-50°C 777:805 the temperature range 10-50°C 777:805 Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. 26099260 2 44 from modes 615:619 arg1 nature 496:501 the nature 492:501 the nature 492:501 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 44 from modes 615:619 arg1 temperature 622:632 temperature 622:632 temperature 622:632 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 44 from modes 615:619 arg1 structures 642:651 the structures 638:651 the structures of the analytes 638:667 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 44 from modes 615:619 arg1 concentration 507:519 concentration 507:519 concentration 507:519 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 44 from modes 615:619 arg1 composition 479:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 1 45 gly glycopeptides 394:406 arg2 selectors 436:444 chiral selectors 429:444 chiral selectors 429:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 45 gly glycopeptides 394:406 arg2 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 45 gly glycopeptides 394:406 arg2 glycopeptides 394:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 46 theme High-performance 183:198 arg1 methods 223:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods 183:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods 183:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 47 theme paclitaxel 298:307 arg1 analogs 335:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 48 contain containing 371:380 arg2 selectors 436:444 chiral selectors 429:444 chiral selectors 429:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 48 contain containing 371:380 arg2 glycopeptides 394:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 macrocyclic glycopeptides 382:406 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 48 contain containing 371:380 arg2 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 cyclofructans 412:424 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 48 contain containing 371:380 arg1 phases 364:369 chiral stationary phases 346:369 chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors 346:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 49 from separation 254:263 arg1 phases 364:369 chiral stationary phases 346:369 chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors 346:444 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 50 theme liquid 200:205 arg1 methods 223:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods 183:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods 183:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 51 theme precursor 309:317 arg1 analogs 335:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 2 52 theme chromatographic 599:613 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 53 from temperature 622:632 arg1 modes 615:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 different chromatographic modes 589:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 54 theme mobile 534:539 arg1 additives 547:555 different mobile phase additives 524:555 different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes 524:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 1 55 theme chromatographic 207:221 arg1 methods 223:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods 183:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods 183:229 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 1 56 theme phenylisoserine 319:333 arg1 analogs 335:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 283:341 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 26099260 0 57 theme derivatives 94:104 arg1 separation 40:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation 0:49 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 0:181 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 0 58 from separation 40:49 arg1 phases 175:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 138:180 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 0 58 from separation 40:49 arg1 glycopeptide 121:132 macrocyclic glycopeptide 109:132 macrocyclic glycopeptide 109:132 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. 26099260 2 59 theme phase 541:545 arg1 additives 547:555 different mobile phase additives 524:555 different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes 524:619 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 2 60 theme phase 473:477 arg1 composition 479:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 the mobile phase composition 462:489 The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. 26099260 1 61 theme analogs 335:341 arg1 enantiomers 268:278 enantiomers 268:278 enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs 268:341 High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. 28690164 3 0 theme field 347:351 arg1 microscopy 380:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 10 1 theme initial 1095:1101 arg1 concentration 1103:1115 the dye's initial concentration 1085:1115 the dye's initial concentration 1085:1115 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 6 2 theme higher 735:740 arg1 DD 742:743 higher DD 735:743 higher DD of chitosan 735:755 Furthermore, it also showed that higher DD of chitosan required less time to reach equilibrium for methyl orange. 28690164 3 3 theme emission 353:360 arg1 microscopy 380:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 5 4 theme deacetylation 666:678 arg1 degree 656:661 higher degree 649:661 higher degree of deacetylation 649:678 It was found that, chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation has better stability. 28690164 8 5 theme Langmuir 883:890 arg1 models 916:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 879:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 879:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted well for isotherm study. 28690164 4 6 theme chemical 597:604 arg1 reaction 606:613 any chemical reaction 593:613 any chemical reaction 593:613 The FTIR and XRD results proved the interaction among chitosan, PVA and TiO2 without any chemical reaction. 28690164 0 7 theme chitosan/polyvinyl 88:105 arg1 reusability 73:83 reusability 73:83 reusability 73:83 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 0 7 theme chitosan/polyvinyl 88:105 arg1 capacity 60:67 adsorption capacity 49:67 adsorption capacity 49:67 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 reusability 73:83 reusability 73:83 reusability 73:83 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 capacity 60:67 adsorption capacity 49:67 adsorption capacity 49:67 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 11 9 theme containing 1231:1240 arg1 reusable 1274:1281 reusable 1274:1281 reusable 1274:1281 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 11 9 theme containing 1231:1240 arg1 chitosan 1242:1249 the composite containing chitosan 1217:1249 the composite containing chitosan with higher DD 1217:1264 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 4 10 theme FTIR 512:515 arg1 results 525:531 The FTIR and XRD results 508:531 The FTIR and XRD results 508:531 The FTIR and XRD results proved the interaction among chitosan, PVA and TiO2 without any chemical reaction. 28690164 8 11 theme Freundlich 896:905 arg1 models 916:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 879:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 879:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted well for isotherm study. 28690164 0 12 theme nano 120:123 arg1 composite 125:133 nano composite 120:133 nano composite 120:133 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 13 13 theme chitosan/PVA/TiO2 1359:1375 arg1 composite 1377:1385 chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite 1359:1385 chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite 1359:1385 Therefore, chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite can be a very useful material for dye removal. 28690164 13 13 theme chitosan/PVA/TiO2 1359:1375 arg1 material 1408:1415 a very useful material 1394:1415 a very useful material for dye removal 1394:1431 Therefore, chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite can be a very useful material for dye removal. 28690164 2 14 theme them 310:313 arg1 effectiveness 293:305 the effectiveness 289:305 the effectiveness of them 289:313 Two different degrees of deacetylation of chitosan were prepared by hydrolysis to compare the effectiveness of them. 28690164 3 15 theme loss 476:479 arg1 test 481:484 weight loss test 469:484 weight loss test 469:484 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 0 16 theme chitosan 37:44 arg1 deacetylation 20:32 deacetylation 20:32 deacetylation of chitosan 20:44 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 4 17 theme XRD 521:523 arg1 results 525:531 The FTIR and XRD results 508:531 The FTIR and XRD results 508:531 The FTIR and XRD results proved the interaction among chitosan, PVA and TiO2 without any chemical reaction. 28690164 6 18 theme methyl 801:806 arg1 orange 808:813 methyl orange 801:813 methyl orange 801:813 Furthermore, it also showed that higher DD of chitosan required less time to reach equilibrium for methyl orange. 28690164 11 19 theme reusability 1195:1205 arg1 test 1207:1210 reusability test 1195:1210 reusability test 1195:1210 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 3 20 theme X-ray 420:424 arg1 diffraction 426:436 X-ray diffraction 420:436 X-ray diffraction 420:436 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 9 21 theme Adsorption 960:969 arg1 capacity 971:978 Adsorption capacity 960:978 Adsorption capacity 960:978 Adsorption capacity was higher for the composite containing chitosan with higher DD. 28690164 5 22 theme higher 649:654 arg1 degree 656:661 higher degree 649:661 higher degree of deacetylation 649:678 It was found that, chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation has better stability. 28690164 10 23 theme removal 1053:1059 arg1 independent 1070:1080 independent 1070:1080 independent 1070:1080 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 10 23 theme removal 1053:1059 arg1 rate 1061:1064 The dye removal rate 1045:1064 The dye removal rate 1045:1064 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 8 24 theme isotherm 907:914 arg1 models 916:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 879:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 879:921 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted well for isotherm study. 28690164 9 25 theme composite 999:1007 arg1 chitosan 1020:1027 the composite containing chitosan 995:1027 the composite containing chitosan with higher DD 995:1042 Adsorption capacity was higher for the composite containing chitosan with higher DD. 28690164 9 26 with chitosan 1020:1027 arg1 DD 1041:1042 higher DD 1034:1042 higher DD 1034:1042 Adsorption capacity was higher for the composite containing chitosan with higher DD. 28690164 7 27 theme pseudo-second-order 844:862 arg1 model 872:876 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 840:876 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 840:876 The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28690164 3 28 theme weight 469:474 arg1 loss 476:479 weight loss 469:479 weight loss test 469:484 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 9 29 theme containing 1009:1018 arg1 chitosan 1020:1027 the composite containing chitosan 995:1027 the composite containing chitosan with higher DD 995:1042 Adsorption capacity was higher for the composite containing chitosan with higher DD. 28690164 7 30 theme kinetic 864:870 arg1 model 872:876 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 840:876 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 840:876 The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28690164 11 31 theme adsorption 1122:1131 arg1 capacity 1133:1140 The adsorption capacity 1118:1140 The adsorption capacity 1118:1140 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 0 32 theme degree 10:15 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl 0:105 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 13 33 theme dye 1421:1423 arg1 removal 1425:1431 dye removal 1421:1431 dye removal 1421:1431 Therefore, chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite can be a very useful material for dye removal. 28690164 11 34 theme higher 1256:1261 arg1 DD 1263:1264 higher DD 1256:1264 higher DD 1256:1264 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 11 35 theme composite 1221:1229 arg1 reusable 1274:1281 reusable 1274:1281 reusable 1274:1281 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 11 35 theme composite 1221:1229 arg1 chitosan 1242:1249 the composite containing chitosan 1217:1249 the composite containing chitosan with higher DD 1217:1264 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 28690164 3 36 theme gravimetric 447:457 arg1 analysis 459:466 thermal gravimetric analysis 439:466 thermal gravimetric analysis 439:466 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 2 37 theme different 203:211 arg1 degrees 213:219 Two different degrees 199:219 Two different degrees of deacetylation of chitosan 199:248 Two different degrees of deacetylation of chitosan were prepared by hydrolysis to compare the effectiveness of them. 28690164 12 38 theme adsorption 1304:1313 arg1 capacity 1315:1322 adsorption capacity 1304:1322 adsorption capacity 1304:1322 It was notable that adsorption capacity was even after 15 runs. 28690164 0 39 theme deacetylation 20:32 arg1 degree 10:15 degree 10:15 degree of deacetylation of chitosan 10:44 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 9 40 theme higher 1034:1039 arg1 DD 1041:1042 higher DD 1034:1042 higher DD 1034:1042 Adsorption capacity was higher for the composite containing chitosan with higher DD. 28690164 10 41 theme dye 1049:1051 arg1 independent 1070:1080 independent 1070:1080 independent 1070:1080 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 10 41 theme dye 1049:1051 arg1 rate 1061:1064 The dye removal rate 1045:1064 The dye removal rate 1045:1064 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 3 42 theme adsorption 490:499 arg1 study 501:505 adsorption study 490:505 adsorption study 490:505 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 0 43 theme adsorption 49:58 arg1 capacity 60:67 adsorption capacity 49:67 adsorption capacity 49:67 Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. 28690164 8 44 theme isotherm 944:951 arg1 study 953:957 isotherm study 944:957 isotherm study 944:957 The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted well for isotherm study. 28690164 3 45 theme thermal 439:445 arg1 analysis 459:466 thermal gravimetric analysis 439:466 thermal gravimetric analysis 439:466 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 2 46 theme chitosan 241:248 arg1 deacetylation 224:236 deacetylation 224:236 deacetylation of chitosan 224:248 Two different degrees of deacetylation of chitosan were prepared by hydrolysis to compare the effectiveness of them. 28690164 6 47 theme less 766:769 arg1 time 771:774 less time 766:774 less time 766:774 Furthermore, it also showed that higher DD of chitosan required less time to reach equilibrium for methyl orange. 28690164 13 48 theme useful 1401:1406 arg1 composite 1377:1385 chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite 1359:1385 chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite 1359:1385 Therefore, chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite can be a very useful material for dye removal. 28690164 13 48 theme useful 1401:1406 arg1 material 1408:1415 a very useful material 1394:1415 a very useful material for dye removal 1394:1431 Therefore, chitosan/PVA/TiO2 composite can be a very useful material for dye removal. 28690164 3 49 dep Fourier 392:398 arg1 transform 400:408 transform 400:408 transform infrared 400:417 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 5 50 with chitosan 635:642 arg1 degree 656:661 higher degree 649:661 higher degree of deacetylation 649:678 It was found that, chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation has better stability. 28690164 3 51 dep transform 400:408 arg1 infrared 410:417 infrared 410:417 transform infrared 400:417 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 2 52 theme deacetylation 224:236 arg1 degrees 213:219 Two different degrees 199:219 Two different degrees of deacetylation of chitosan 199:248 Two different degrees of deacetylation of chitosan were prepared by hydrolysis to compare the effectiveness of them. 28690164 6 53 theme chitosan 748:755 arg1 DD 742:743 higher DD 735:743 higher DD of chitosan 735:755 Furthermore, it also showed that higher DD of chitosan required less time to reach equilibrium for methyl orange. 28690164 1 54 theme chitosan/polyvinyl 140:157 arg1 composite 172:180 The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite 136:180 The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite 136:180 The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite was synthesized. 28690164 5 55 contain has 680:682 arg2 stability 691:699 stability 691:699 stability 691:699 It was found that, chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation has better stability. 28690164 5 55 contain has 680:682 arg1 chitosan 635:642 chitosan 635:642 chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation 635:678 It was found that, chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation has better stability. 28690164 3 56 theme scanning 362:369 arg1 microscopy 380:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 1 57 theme alcohol/TiO2 159:170 arg1 composite 172:180 The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite 136:180 The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite 136:180 The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite was synthesized. 28690164 3 58 theme electron 371:378 arg1 microscopy 380:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 field emission scanning electron microscopy 347:389 The composite was analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, weight loss test and adsorption study. 28690164 10 59 theme concentration 1103:1115 arg1 independent 1070:1080 independent 1070:1080 independent 1070:1080 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 10 59 theme concentration 1103:1115 arg1 rate 1061:1064 The dye removal rate 1045:1064 The dye removal rate 1045:1064 The dye removal rate was independent of the dye's initial concentration. 28690164 11 60 with chitosan 1242:1249 arg1 DD 1263:1264 higher DD 1256:1264 higher DD 1256:1264 The adsorption capacity was increased with temperature and it was found from reusability test that the composite containing chitosan with higher DD is more reusable. 25615864 0 0 theme high-throughput 80:94 arg1 screening 96:104 high-throughput screening 80:104 high-throughput screening 80:104 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose pedestals to micromeshes for high-throughput screening. 25615864 11 1 theme nanolitre 1673:1681 arg1 method 1683:1688 a fast nanolitre method 1666:1688 a fast nanolitre method for crystal mounting and high-throughput screening 1666:1739 The results point towards a fast nanolitre method for crystal mounting and high-throughput screening. 25615864 1 2 theme emerging 145:152 arg1 ejection 124:131 Acoustic droplet ejection 107:131 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) 107:137 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 2 theme emerging 145:152 arg1 technology 154:163 an emerging technology 142:163 an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 142:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 11 3 theme fast 1668:1671 arg1 method 1683:1688 a fast nanolitre method 1666:1688 a fast nanolitre method for crystal mounting and high-throughput screening 1666:1739 The results point towards a fast nanolitre method for crystal mounting and high-throughput screening. 25615864 1 4 theme manipulating 246:257 arg1 crystals 267:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 8 5 theme agarose 1132:1138 arg1 compatible 1165:1174 compatible 1165:1174 compatible 1165:1174 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 8 5 theme agarose 1132:1138 arg1 pedestal 1140:1147 an agarose pedestal 1129:1147 an agarose pedestal of this type 1129:1160 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 8 6 with compatible 1165:1174 arg1 conditions 1225:1234 most commercially available crystallization conditions 1181:1234 most commercially available crystallization conditions 1181:1234 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 1 7 with technology 154:163 arg1 applications 176:187 broad applications 170:187 broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 170:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 3 8 theme fragment 514:521 arg1 library 523:529 a fragment library 512:529 a fragment library 512:529 Once mounted on a micromesh, each crystal can be combined with different chemicals such as crystal-improving additives or a fragment library. 25615864 1 9 theme protein 259:265 arg1 crystals 267:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 6 10 theme bowl-shaped 959:969 arg1 impenetrable 978:989 impenetrable 978:989 impenetrable 978:989 The bowl-shaped CAP is impenetrable to crystals. 25615864 6 10 theme bowl-shaped 959:969 arg1 CAP 971:973 The bowl-shaped CAP 955:973 The bowl-shaped CAP 955:973 The bowl-shaped CAP is impenetrable to crystals. 25615864 8 11 theme agarose 1295:1301 arg1 pedestal 1303:1310 the agarose pedestal 1291:1310 the agarose pedestal 1291:1310 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 2 12 theme technology 301:310 arg1 application 281:291 One application 277:291 One application of this technology 277:310 One application of this technology is to gently transfer crystals onto MiTeGen micromeshes with minimal solvent. 25615864 10 13 theme heavy 1627:1631 arg1 atoms 1633:1637 anomalously scattering heavy atoms 1604:1637 anomalously scattering heavy atoms 1604:1637 This technology has been used to combine thermolysin and lysozyme crystals with an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms. 25615864 5 14 theme same 899:902 arg1 composition 913:923 the same chemical composition 895:923 the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor 895:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 8 15 theme protein 1245:1251 arg1 crystals 1253:1260 protein crystals 1245:1260 protein crystals 1245:1260 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 4 16 theme mother 675:680 arg1 liquor 682:687 the mother liquor 671:687 the mother liquor 671:687 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 0 17 from agarose 43:49 arg1 transfer 9:16 Acoustic transfer 0:16 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose 0:49 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose pedestals to micromeshes for high-throughput screening. 25615864 5 18 theme chemical 904:911 arg1 composition 913:923 the same chemical composition 895:923 the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor 895:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 11 19 theme high-throughput 1715:1729 arg1 screening 1731:1739 high-throughput screening 1715:1739 high-throughput screening 1715:1739 The results point towards a fast nanolitre method for crystal mounting and high-throughput screening. 25615864 8 20 with micromeshes 1317:1327 arg1 loss 1337:1340 no loss 1334:1340 no loss in diffraction quality 1334:1363 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 5 21 with pedestal 875:882 arg1 composition 913:923 the same chemical composition 895:923 the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor 895:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 9 22 theme hanging 1484:1490 arg1 drop 1492:1495 the hanging drop 1480:1495 the hanging drop 1480:1495 It is also shown that crystals can be grown directly on CAPs, which avoids the need to transfer the crystals from the hanging drop to a CAP. 25615864 1 23 theme broad 170:174 arg1 applications 176:187 broad applications 170:187 broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 170:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 4 24 dep fast 561:564 arg1 -1 584:585 -1 584:585 -1 584:585 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 4 24 dep fast 561:564 arg1 2.33 transfers s 567:582 2.33 transfers s 567:582 2.33 transfers s(-1) 567:586 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 5 25 theme well 825:828 arg1 bottom 811:816 the bottom 807:816 the bottom of the well 807:828 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 0 26 theme Acoustic 0:7 arg1 transfer 9:16 Acoustic transfer 0:16 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose 0:49 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose pedestals to micromeshes for high-throughput screening. 25615864 4 27 theme vapor 648:652 arg1 equilibrium 654:664 vapor equilibrium 648:664 vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor 648:687 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 0 28 theme protein 21:27 arg1 crystals 29:36 protein crystals 21:36 protein crystals 21:36 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose pedestals to micromeshes for high-throughput screening. 25615864 11 29 theme crystal 1694:1700 arg1 mounting 1702:1709 crystal mounting 1694:1709 crystal mounting 1694:1709 The results point towards a fast nanolitre method for crystal mounting and high-throughput screening. 25615864 1 30 theme Acoustic 107:114 arg1 ADE 134:136 ADE 134:136 ADE 134:136 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 30 theme Acoustic 107:114 arg1 ejection 124:131 Acoustic droplet ejection 107:131 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) 107:137 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 30 theme Acoustic 107:114 arg1 technology 154:163 an emerging technology 142:163 an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 142:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 31 theme serial 192:197 arg1 crystallography 199:213 serial crystallography 192:213 serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 192:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 5 32 theme dead 792:795 arg1 volume 797:802 the inaccessible dead volume 775:802 the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well 775:828 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 8 33 theme available 1199:1207 arg1 conditions 1225:1234 most commercially available crystallization conditions 1181:1234 most commercially available crystallization conditions 1181:1234 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 4 34 with equilibrium 654:664 arg1 liquor 682:687 the mother liquor 671:687 the mother liquor 671:687 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 1 35 theme droplet 116:122 arg1 ADE 134:136 ADE 134:136 ADE 134:136 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 35 theme droplet 116:122 arg1 ejection 124:131 Acoustic droplet ejection 107:131 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) 107:137 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 35 theme droplet 116:122 arg1 technology 154:163 an emerging technology 142:163 an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 142:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 5 36 theme ejection 746:753 arg1 point 755:759 the ejection point 742:759 the ejection point 742:759 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 10 37 used used 1532:1535 arg2 technology 1512:1521 This technology 1507:1521 This technology 1507:1521 This technology has been used to combine thermolysin and lysozyme crystals with an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms. 25615864 8 38 theme diffraction 1345:1355 arg1 quality 1357:1363 diffraction quality 1345:1363 diffraction quality 1345:1363 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 10 39 theme thermolysin 1548:1558 arg1 crystals 1573:1580 thermolysin and lysozyme crystals 1548:1580 thermolysin and lysozyme crystals 1548:1580 This technology has been used to combine thermolysin and lysozyme crystals with an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms. 25615864 0 40 theme crystals 29:36 arg1 transfer 9:16 Acoustic transfer 0:16 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose 0:49 Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose pedestals to micromeshes for high-throughput screening. 25615864 4 41 theme crystal 541:547 arg1 mounting 549:556 Acoustic crystal mounting 532:556 Acoustic crystal mounting 532:556 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 7 42 theme acoustic 1086:1093 arg1 ejection 1095:1102 acoustic ejection 1086:1102 acoustic ejection 1086:1102 Consequently, gravity will gently move the crystals into the optimal location for acoustic ejection. 25615864 5 43 theme inaccessible 779:790 arg1 volume 797:802 the inaccessible dead volume 775:802 the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well 775:828 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 3 44 theme different 453:461 arg1 additives 499:507 crystal-improving additives 481:507 crystal-improving additives 481:507 Once mounted on a micromesh, each crystal can be combined with different chemicals such as crystal-improving additives or a fragment library. 25615864 3 44 theme different 453:461 arg1 library 523:529 a fragment library 512:529 a fragment library 512:529 Once mounted on a micromesh, each crystal can be combined with different chemicals such as crystal-improving additives or a fragment library. 25615864 3 44 theme different 453:461 arg1 chemicals 463:471 different chemicals 453:471 different chemicals such as crystal-improving additives or a fragment library 453:529 Once mounted on a micromesh, each crystal can be combined with different chemicals such as crystal-improving additives or a fragment library. 25615864 7 45 theme optimal 1065:1071 arg1 location 1073:1080 the optimal location 1061:1080 the optimal location for acoustic ejection 1061:1102 Consequently, gravity will gently move the crystals into the optimal location for acoustic ejection. 25615864 4 46 theme Acoustic 532:539 arg1 mounting 549:556 Acoustic crystal mounting 532:556 Acoustic crystal mounting 532:556 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 10 47 theme atoms 1633:1637 arg1 assortment 1590:1599 an assortment 1587:1599 an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms 1587:1637 This technology has been used to combine thermolysin and lysozyme crystals with an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms. 25615864 5 48 from bottom 811:816 arg1 volume 797:802 the inaccessible dead volume 775:802 the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well 775:828 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 2 49 theme MiTeGen 348:354 arg1 micromeshes 356:366 MiTeGen micromeshes 348:366 MiTeGen micromeshes with minimal solvent 348:387 One application of this technology is to gently transfer crystals onto MiTeGen micromeshes with minimal solvent. 25615864 5 50 from volume 797:802 arg1 crystals 728:735 crystals 728:735 crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well 728:828 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 5 51 theme concave 859:865 arg1 CAP 885:887 CAP 885:887 CAP 885:887 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 5 51 theme concave 859:865 arg1 pedestal 875:882 a concave agarose pedestal 857:882 a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor 857:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 2 52 with micromeshes 356:366 arg1 solvent 381:387 minimal solvent 373:387 minimal solvent 373:387 One application of this technology is to gently transfer crystals onto MiTeGen micromeshes with minimal solvent. 25615864 5 53 theme agarose 867:873 arg1 CAP 885:887 CAP 885:887 CAP 885:887 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 5 53 theme agarose 867:873 arg1 pedestal 875:882 a concave agarose pedestal 857:882 a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor 857:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 1 54 theme growing 223:229 arg1 crystals 267:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 1 55 from applications 176:187 arg1 crystallography 199:213 serial crystallography 192:213 serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 192:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 3 56 theme crystal-improving 481:497 arg1 additives 499:507 crystal-improving additives 481:507 crystal-improving additives 481:507 Once mounted on a micromesh, each crystal can be combined with different chemicals such as crystal-improving additives or a fragment library. 25615864 10 57 theme scattering 1616:1625 arg1 atoms 1633:1637 anomalously scattering heavy atoms 1604:1637 anomalously scattering heavy atoms 1604:1637 This technology has been used to combine thermolysin and lysozyme crystals with an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms. 25615864 8 58 theme crystallization 1209:1223 arg1 conditions 1225:1234 most commercially available crystallization conditions 1181:1234 most commercially available crystallization conditions 1181:1234 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 5 59 theme crystal 932:938 arg1 liquor 947:952 the crystal mother liquor 928:952 the crystal mother liquor 928:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 4 60 theme sealed 618:623 arg1 environment 625:635 a sealed environment 616:635 a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor 616:687 Acoustic crystal mounting is fast (2.33 transfers s(-1)) and all transfers occur in a sealed environment that is in vapor equilibrium with the mother liquor. 25615864 10 61 theme lysozyme 1564:1571 arg1 crystals 1573:1580 thermolysin and lysozyme crystals 1548:1580 thermolysin and lysozyme crystals 1548:1580 This technology has been used to combine thermolysin and lysozyme crystals with an assortment of anomalously scattering heavy atoms. 25615864 1 62 theme improving 232:240 arg1 crystals 267:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals 223:274 Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) is an emerging technology with broad applications in serial crystallography such as growing, improving and manipulating protein crystals. 25615864 8 63 theme type 1157:1160 arg1 compatible 1165:1174 compatible 1165:1174 compatible 1165:1174 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 8 63 theme type 1157:1160 arg1 pedestal 1140:1147 an agarose pedestal 1129:1147 an agarose pedestal of this type 1129:1160 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25615864 5 64 theme mother 940:945 arg1 liquor 947:952 the crystal mother liquor 928:952 the crystal mother liquor 928:952 Here, a system is presented to retain crystals near the ejection point and away from the inaccessible dead volume at the bottom of the well by placing the crystals on a concave agarose pedestal (CAP) with the same chemical composition as the crystal mother liquor. 25615864 2 65 theme minimal 373:379 arg1 solvent 381:387 minimal solvent 373:387 minimal solvent 373:387 One application of this technology is to gently transfer crystals onto MiTeGen micromeshes with minimal solvent. 25615864 8 66 from loss 1337:1340 arg1 quality 1357:1363 diffraction quality 1345:1363 diffraction quality 1345:1363 It is demonstrated that an agarose pedestal of this type is compatible with most commercially available crystallization conditions and that protein crystals are readily transferred from the agarose pedestal onto micromeshes with no loss in diffraction quality. 25066937 3 0 from present 397:403 arg1 samples 418:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 6 1 theme % 978:978 arg1 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 2 theme mM 991:992 arg1 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 0 3 theme capillary 85:93 arg1 electrophoresis 95:109 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 63:109 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 63:109 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 7 4 from concentrations 1071:1084 arg1 a 1089:1089 a 1089:1089 a 1089:1089 Their concentrations in a crystallizing and a noncrystallizing rosin sample were determined. 25066937 0 5 from Determination 0:12 arg1 samples 49:55 rosin samples 43:55 rosin samples 43:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 7 6 theme rosin 1128:1132 arg1 sample 1134:1139 a noncrystallizing rosin sample 1109:1139 a noncrystallizing rosin sample 1109:1139 Their concentrations in a crystallizing and a noncrystallizing rosin sample were determined. 25066937 1 7 from varnishes 163:171 arg1 industries 149:158 industries 149:158 industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc 149:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 7 from varnishes 163:171 arg1 variety 138:144 a wide variety 131:144 a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc 131:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 6 8 theme methanol 980:987 arg1 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 0 9 from samples 49:55 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples 0:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 4 10 theme capillary 572:580 arg1 electrophoresis 582:596 capillary electrophoresis 572:596 The capillary electrophoresis method 568:603 The capillary electrophoresis method successfully separated nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated. 25066937 1 11 from industries 149:158 arg1 etc 200:202 etc 200:202 etc 200:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 11 from industries 149:158 arg1 adhesives 174:182 adhesives 174:182 adhesives 174:182 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 11 from industries 149:158 arg1 coatings 190:197 drug coatings 185:197 drug coatings 185:197 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 11 from industries 149:158 arg1 varnishes 163:171 varnishes 163:171 varnishes 163:171 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 3 12 theme acids 519:523 arg1 concentration 496:508 concentration 496:508 concentration 496:508 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 12 theme acids 519:523 arg1 presence 483:490 presence 483:490 presence 483:490 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 12 theme acids 519:523 arg1 tendency 533:540 the tendency 529:540 the tendency of rosins to crystallize 529:565 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 13 theme present 397:403 arg1 acids 391:395 individual acids 380:395 individual acids present in gum rosin samples 380:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 6 14 theme 7-oxo-dehydroabietic 889:908 arg1 acids 910:914 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids 889:914 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids 889:914 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 7 15 theme noncrystallizing 1111:1126 arg1 sample 1134:1139 a noncrystallizing rosin sample 1109:1139 a noncrystallizing rosin sample 1109:1139 Their concentrations in a crystallizing and a noncrystallizing rosin sample were determined. 25066937 3 16 dep presence 483:490 arg1 the 479:481 the 479:481 the 479:481 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 4 17 theme rosin 656:660 arg1 samples 662:668 various rosin samples 648:668 various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated 648:717 The capillary electrophoresis method successfully separated nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated. 25066937 0 18 from composition 28:38 arg1 samples 49:55 rosin samples 43:55 rosin samples 43:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 1 19 from variety 138:144 arg1 etc 200:202 etc 200:202 etc 200:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 19 from variety 138:144 arg1 adhesives 174:182 adhesives 174:182 adhesives 174:182 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 19 from variety 138:144 arg1 coatings 190:197 drug coatings 185:197 drug coatings 185:197 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 19 from variety 138:144 arg1 varnishes 163:171 varnishes 163:171 varnishes 163:171 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 6 20 dep dehydroabietic 794:807 arg1 isopimaric 831:840 isopimaric 831:840 isopimaric 831:840 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 20 dep dehydroabietic 794:807 arg1 levopimaric 843:853 levopimaric 843:853 levopimaric 843:853 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 20 dep dehydroabietic 794:807 arg1 neoabietic 810:819 neoabietic 810:819 neoabietic 810:819 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 20 dep dehydroabietic 794:807 arg1 pimaric 822:828 pimaric 822:828 pimaric 822:828 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 20 dep dehydroabietic 794:807 arg1 sandaracopimaric 856:871 sandaracopimaric 856:871 sandaracopimaric 856:871 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 20 dep dehydroabietic 794:807 arg1 palustric 874:882 palustric 874:882 palustric 874:882 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 3 21 theme rosin 412:416 arg1 samples 418:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 22 theme individual 380:389 arg1 acids 391:395 individual acids 380:395 individual acids present in gum rosin samples 380:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 6 23 theme 15 976:977 arg1 % 978:978 % 978:978 % 978:978 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 2 24 theme acid 301:304 arg1 composition 306:316 the resin acid composition 291:316 the resin acid composition of rosins 291:326 In this project a novel capillary electrophoresis method was developed to investigate the resin acid composition of rosins. 25066937 1 25 theme drug 185:188 arg1 coatings 190:197 drug coatings 185:197 drug coatings 185:197 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 25 theme drug 185:188 arg1 varnishes 163:171 varnishes 163:171 varnishes 163:171 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 0 26 theme acid 23:26 arg1 composition 28:38 resin acid composition 17:38 resin acid composition in rosin samples 17:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 2 27 theme resin 295:299 arg1 composition 306:316 the resin acid composition 291:316 the resin acid composition of rosins 291:326 In this project a novel capillary electrophoresis method was developed to investigate the resin acid composition of rosins. 25066937 0 28 theme resin 17:21 arg1 composition 28:38 resin acid composition 17:38 resin acid composition in rosin samples 17:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 6 29 from pH 960:961 arg1 buffer 950:955 a 20 mM tris buffer 937:955 a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 937:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 4 30 dep electrophoresis 582:596 arg1 method 598:603 method 598:603 The capillary electrophoresis method 568:603 The capillary electrophoresis method successfully separated nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated. 25066937 3 31 theme rosins 545:550 arg1 concentration 496:508 concentration 496:508 concentration 496:508 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 31 theme rosins 545:550 arg1 presence 483:490 presence 483:490 presence 483:490 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 31 theme rosins 545:550 arg1 tendency 533:540 the tendency 529:540 the tendency of rosins to crystallize 529:565 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 4 32 from acids 639:643 arg1 samples 662:668 various rosin samples 648:668 various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated 648:717 The capillary electrophoresis method successfully separated nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated. 25066937 4 33 theme resin 633:637 arg1 acids 639:643 nine resin acids 628:643 nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated 628:717 The capillary electrophoresis method successfully separated nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated. 25066937 6 34 theme mM 1030:1031 arg1 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 5 35 theme Calibration 720:730 arg1 curves 732:737 Calibration curves 720:737 Calibration curves 720:737 Calibration curves were created to determine acid concentration. 25066937 4 36 theme various 648:654 arg1 samples 662:668 various rosin samples 648:668 various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated 648:717 The capillary electrophoresis method successfully separated nine resin acids in various rosin samples where previously they could not all be separated. 25066937 0 37 theme composition 28:38 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples 0:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 3 38 theme gum 408:410 arg1 samples 418:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 39 attach present 397:403 arg2 acids 391:395 individual acids 380:395 individual acids present in gum rosin samples 380:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 39 attach present 397:403 arg1 samples 418:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 gum rosin samples 408:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 3 40 theme acids 391:395 arg1 concentrations 362:375 the concentrations 358:375 the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples 358:424 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 7 41 from sample 1134:1139 arg1 a 1089:1089 a 1089:1089 a 1089:1089 Their concentrations in a crystallizing and a noncrystallizing rosin sample were determined. 25066937 6 42 contain containing 965:974 arg1 buffer 950:955 a 20 mM tris buffer 937:955 a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 937:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 42 contain containing 965:974 arg2 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 1 43 used used 123:126 arg2 Rosins 112:117 Rosins 112:117 Rosins 112:117 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 0 44 theme rosin 43:47 arg1 samples 49:55 rosin samples 43:55 rosin samples 43:55 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 6 45 theme tris 945:948 arg1 buffer 950:955 a 20 mM tris buffer 937:955 a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 937:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 6 46 theme mM 942:943 arg1 buffer 950:955 a 20 mM tris buffer 937:955 a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 937:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 1 47 theme wide 133:136 arg1 industries 149:158 industries 149:158 industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc 149:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 47 theme wide 133:136 arg1 variety 138:144 a wide variety 131:144 a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc 131:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 6 48 theme -γ-cyclodextrin 1011:1025 arg1 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 2 49 theme electrophoresis 239:253 arg1 method 255:260 a novel capillary electrophoresis method 221:260 a novel capillary electrophoresis method 221:260 In this project a novel capillary electrophoresis method was developed to investigate the resin acid composition of rosins. 25066937 3 50 dep rosins 545:550 arg1 crystallize 555:565 crystallize 555:565 to crystallize 552:565 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 2 51 theme rosins 321:326 arg1 composition 306:316 the resin acid composition 291:316 the resin acid composition of rosins 291:326 In this project a novel capillary electrophoresis method was developed to investigate the resin acid composition of rosins. 25066937 0 52 theme cyclodextrin-modified 63:83 arg1 electrophoresis 95:109 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 63:109 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 63:109 Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. 25066937 2 53 theme capillary 229:237 arg1 electrophoresis 239:253 capillary electrophoresis 229:253 a novel capillary electrophoresis method 221:260 In this project a novel capillary electrophoresis method was developed to investigate the resin acid composition of rosins. 25066937 3 54 from samples 418:424 arg1 present 397:403 present 397:403 present 397:403 The acids were separated and the concentrations of individual acids present in gum rosin samples determined in order to investigate any links between the presence and concentration of these acids and the tendency of rosins to crystallize. 25066937 6 55 theme 2-hydroxypropyl 995:1009 arg1 sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 1033:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 976:1062 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 5 56 theme acid 765:768 arg1 concentration 770:782 acid concentration 765:782 acid concentration 765:782 Calibration curves were created to determine acid concentration. 25066937 6 57 theme 20 939:940 arg1 mM 942:943 mM 942:943 mM 942:943 Abietic, dehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acids were separated using a 20 mM tris buffer at pH 9 containing 15% methanol 5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 10 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. 25066937 2 58 theme novel 223:227 arg1 method 255:260 a novel capillary electrophoresis method 221:260 a novel capillary electrophoresis method 221:260 In this project a novel capillary electrophoresis method was developed to investigate the resin acid composition of rosins. 25066937 1 59 theme industries 149:158 arg1 industries 149:158 industries 149:158 industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc 149:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 25066937 1 59 theme industries 149:158 arg1 variety 138:144 a wide variety 131:144 a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc 131:202 Rosins are used in a wide variety of industries in varnishes, adhesives, drug coatings, etc. 28410328 5 0 dep small 955:959 arg1 large 983:987 large 983:987 large 983:987 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 3 1 theme g·kg 610:613 arg1 BM 615:616 12 v 6 g·kg BM 603:616 12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h 603:633 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 6 2 theme mass 1259:1262 arg1 estimates 1177:1185 estimates 1177:1185 estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) 1177:1292 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 2 3 theme muscle 285:290 arg1 glycogen 292:299 muscle glycogen 285:299 muscle glycogen 285:299 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 3 4 theme loading 508:514 arg1 maintenance 523:533 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 504:533 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 504:533 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 8 5 theme substantial 1440:1450 arg1 increases 1452:1460 substantial increases 1440:1460 substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%) 1440:1570 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 4 6 theme muscle 748:753 arg1 glycogen 755:762 muscle glycogen 748:762 muscle glycogen 748:762 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 8 7 theme combined 1539:1546 arg1 % 1569:1569 2.3% ± 1.1% 1559:1569 2.3% ± 1.1% 1559:1569 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 7 theme combined 1539:1546 arg1 treatment 1548:1556 the combined treatment 1535:1556 the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%) 1535:1570 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 6 8 theme creatine 1122:1129 arg1 loading 1131:1137 creatine loading 1122:1137 creatine loading 1122:1137 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 6 9 theme ± 1286:1286 arg1 % 1291:1291 3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0% 1265:1291 % 1291:1291 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 4 10 theme bioelectrical 808:820 arg1 spectroscopy 832:843 bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy 808:843 bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy 808:843 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 9 11 theme CONCLUSIONS 1573:1583 arg1 Changes 1585:1591 CONCLUSIONS Changes 1573:1591 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content 1573:1631 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 6 12 theme mean 1206:1209 arg1 % 1227:1227 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1227:1227 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 1 13 theme reliable 191:198 arg1 measurement 200:210 a reliable measurement 189:210 a reliable measurement of body composition 189:230 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 7 14 theme depleting 1380:1388 arg1 condition 1390:1398 the glycogen depleting condition 1367:1398 the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%) 1367:1413 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 7 14 theme depleting 1380:1388 arg1 % 1412:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 8 15 theme Total 1416:1420 arg1 water 1427:1431 Total body water 1416:1431 Total body water 1416:1431 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 9 16 from Changes 1585:1591 arg1 metabolites 1603:1613 muscle metabolites 1596:1613 muscle metabolites 1596:1613 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 9 16 from Changes 1585:1591 arg1 content 1625:1631 water content 1619:1631 water content 1619:1631 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 2 17 dep PURPOSE 233:239 arg1 investigated 244:255 investigated 244:255 investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass 244:379 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 6 18 theme mass 1200:1203 arg1 estimates 1177:1185 estimates 1177:1185 estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) 1177:1292 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 3 19 theme = 550:550 arg1 n 548:548 n = 9 548:552 n = 9 548:552 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 19 theme = 550:550 arg1 placebo 539:545 placebo 539:545 placebo (n = 9) 539:553 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 10 20 from athletes 1855:1862 arg1 estimates 1822:1830 DXA-derived estimates 1810:1830 DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes 1810:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 3 21 theme larger 649:654 arg1 study 656:660 a larger study 647:660 a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol 647:709 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 6 22 theme lean 1190:1193 arg1 mass 1200:1203 lean body mass 1190:1203 lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) 1190:1244 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 8 23 theme ± 1491:1491 arg1 % 1496:1496 2.3% ± 2.3% 1486:1496 2.3% ± 2.3% 1486:1496 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 23 theme ± 1491:1491 arg1 loading 1477:1483 glycogen loading 1468:1483 glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%) 1468:1497 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 1 24 theme dual 126:129 arg1 DXA 153:155 DXA 153:155 DXA 153:155 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 1 24 theme dual 126:129 arg1 absorptiometry 137:150 dual x-ray absorptiometry 126:150 a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol 124:165 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 9 25 theme water 1619:1623 arg1 content 1625:1631 water content 1619:1631 water content 1619:1631 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 3 26 theme crossover 560:568 arg1 application 570:580 crossover application 560:580 crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 560:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 1 27 theme absorptiometry 137:150 arg1 protocol 158:165 a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol 124:165 a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol 124:165 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 6 28 theme lean 1254:1257 arg1 mass 1259:1262 leg lean mass 1250:1262 leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) 1250:1292 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 6 29 theme Glycogen 1082:1089 arg1 loading 1091:1097 RESULTS Glycogen loading 1074:1097 RESULTS Glycogen loading 1074:1097 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 10 30 theme body 1835:1838 arg1 composition 1840:1850 body composition 1835:1850 body composition in athletes 1835:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 3 31 theme glycogen-depleting 674:691 arg1 protocol 702:709 a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol 672:709 a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol 672:709 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 0 32 theme X-ray 58:62 arg1 Absorptiometry 64:77 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry 53:77 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition 53:107 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 7 33 theme leg 1334:1336 arg1 mass 1343:1346 leg lean mass 1334:1346 leg lean mass 1334:1346 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 10 34 link DXA-derived 1810:1820 arg1 estimates 1822:1830 DXA-derived estimates 1810:1830 DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes 1810:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 10 35 theme estimates 1822:1830 arg1 results 1799:1805 the results 1795:1805 the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes 1795:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 6 36 theme ± 1222:1222 arg1 % 1227:1227 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1227:1227 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 4 37 theme standard 849:856 arg1 techniques 865:874 standard biopsy techniques 849:874 standard biopsy techniques 849:874 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 9 38 theme lean 1656:1659 arg1 mass 1661:1664 lean mass 1656:1664 lean mass 1656:1664 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 0 39 theme Body 92:95 arg1 Composition 97:107 Body Composition 92:107 Body Composition 92:107 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 6 40 theme SD 1213:1214 arg1 % 1227:1227 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1227:1227 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 8 41 theme ± 1523:1523 arg1 loading 1509:1515 creatine loading 1500:1515 creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) 1500:1529 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 41 theme ± 1523:1523 arg1 % 1528:1528 1.4% ± 1.9% 1518:1528 1.4% ± 1.9% 1518:1528 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 9 42 from likely 1731:1736 arg1 periods 1673:1679 periods 1673:1679 periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely 1673:1736 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 3 43 theme parallel 437:444 arg1 application 452:462 a parallel group application 435:462 a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 435:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 7 44 theme ± 1407:1407 arg1 condition 1390:1398 the glycogen depleting condition 1367:1398 the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%) 1367:1413 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 7 44 theme ± 1407:1407 arg1 % 1412:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 9 45 theme minimal 1690:1696 arg1 change 1698:1703 minimal change 1690:1703 minimal change in muscle protein mass 1690:1726 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 0 46 theme Muscle 16:21 arg1 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen 0:43 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 5 47 theme treatment 1063:1071 arg1 effect 1049:1054 the smallest worthwhile effect 1025:1054 the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment 1025:1071 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 2 48 from effects 261:267 arg1 estimates 358:366 DXA estimates 354:366 DXA estimates of lean mass 354:379 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 3 49 theme loading 594:600 arg1 application 570:580 crossover application 560:580 crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 560:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 50 theme creatine 467:474 arg1 loading 476:482 creatine loading 467:482 creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) 467:534 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 50 theme creatine 467:474 arg1 n 485:485 n = 9 485:489 n = 9 485:489 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 6 51 theme ± 1238:1238 arg1 % 1243:1243 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1243:1243 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 7 52 from decrease 1322:1329 arg1 mass 1343:1346 leg lean mass 1334:1346 leg lean mass 1334:1346 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 5 53 theme following 921:929 arg1 scale 943:947 the following effect-size scale 917:947 the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large 917:987 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 6 54 dep mass 1259:1262 arg1 % 1291:1291 3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0% 1265:1291 % 1291:1291 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 6 54 dep mass 1259:1262 arg1 % 1275:1275 3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0% 1265:1291 % 1275:1275 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 3 55 theme male 411:414 arg1 cyclists 416:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists 382:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists 382:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 9 56 theme protein 1715:1721 arg1 mass 1723:1726 muscle protein mass 1708:1726 muscle protein mass 1708:1726 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 4 57 theme total 730:734 arg1 water 741:745 total body water 730:745 total body water 730:745 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 2 58 theme DXA 354:356 arg1 estimates 358:366 DXA estimates 354:366 DXA estimates of lean mass 354:379 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 5 59 theme worthwhile 1038:1047 arg1 effect 1049:1054 the smallest worthwhile effect 1025:1054 the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment 1025:1071 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 3 60 theme = 487:487 arg1 loading 476:482 creatine loading 467:482 creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) 467:534 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 60 theme = 487:487 arg1 n 485:485 n = 9 485:489 n = 9 485:489 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 1 61 theme body 215:218 arg1 composition 220:230 body composition 215:230 body composition 215:230 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 3 62 dep loading 476:482 arg1 g·d 496:498 20 g·d 493:498 20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 493:533 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 2 63 theme mass 376:379 arg1 estimates 358:366 DXA estimates 354:366 DXA estimates of lean mass 354:379 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 6 64 theme % 1268:1268 arg1 % 1275:1275 3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0% 1265:1291 % 1275:1275 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 0 65 theme Dual 53:56 arg1 Absorptiometry 64:77 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry 53:77 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition 53:107 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 6 66 theme substantial 1152:1162 arg1 increases 1164:1172 substantial increases 1152:1172 substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) 1152:1292 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 5 67 from Changes 877:883 arg1 mean 892:895 the mean 888:895 the mean 888:895 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 4 68 theme creatine 768:775 arg1 content 777:783 creatine content 768:783 creatine content 768:783 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 3 69 theme d 506:506 arg1 maintenance 523:533 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 504:533 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 504:533 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 8 70 theme body 1422:1425 arg1 water 1427:1431 Total body water 1416:1431 Total body water 1416:1431 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 4 71 theme body 736:739 arg1 water 741:745 total body water 730:745 total body water 730:745 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 5 72 dep scale 943:947 arg1 >0.2 950:953 >0.2 950:953 >0.2 950:953 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 8 73 theme % 1562:1562 arg1 % 1569:1569 2.3% ± 1.1% 1559:1569 2.3% ± 1.1% 1559:1569 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 73 theme % 1562:1562 arg1 treatment 1548:1556 the combined treatment 1535:1556 the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%) 1535:1570 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 6 74 theme ± 1211:1211 arg1 % 1227:1227 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1227:1227 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 2 75 theme creatine 305:312 arg1 content 314:320 creatine content 305:320 creatine content 305:320 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 6 76 theme % 1284:1284 arg1 % 1291:1291 3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0% 1265:1291 % 1291:1291 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 7 77 theme glycogen 1371:1378 arg1 condition 1390:1398 the glycogen depleting condition 1367:1398 the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%) 1367:1413 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 7 77 theme glycogen 1371:1378 arg1 % 1412:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 10 78 from estimates 1822:1830 arg1 athletes 1855:1862 athletes 1855:1862 athletes 1855:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 8 79 theme glycogen 1468:1475 arg1 % 1496:1496 2.3% ± 2.3% 1486:1496 2.3% ± 2.3% 1486:1496 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 79 theme glycogen 1468:1475 arg1 loading 1477:1483 glycogen loading 1468:1483 glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%) 1468:1497 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 6 80 dep mass 1200:1203 arg1 % 1227:1227 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1227:1227 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 6 80 dep mass 1200:1203 arg1 % 1243:1243 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1243:1243 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 4 81 theme impedance 822:830 arg1 spectroscopy 832:843 bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy 808:843 bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy 808:843 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 9 82 theme muscle 1596:1601 arg1 metabolites 1603:1613 muscle metabolites 1596:1613 muscle metabolites 1596:1613 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 0 83 theme Composition 97:107 arg1 Estimates 79:87 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates 53:87 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition 53:107 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 6 84 theme body 1195:1198 arg1 mass 1200:1203 lean body mass 1190:1203 lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) 1190:1244 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 3 85 theme placebo 539:545 arg1 application 452:462 a parallel group application 435:462 a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 435:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 86 theme study 656:660 arg1 part 639:642 part 639:642 part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol 639:709 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 87 with application 452:462 arg1 application 570:580 crossover application 560:580 crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 560:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 8 88 theme % 1489:1489 arg1 % 1496:1496 2.3% ± 2.3% 1486:1496 2.3% ± 2.3% 1486:1496 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 88 theme % 1489:1489 arg1 loading 1477:1483 glycogen loading 1468:1483 glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%) 1468:1497 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 1 89 theme x-ray 131:135 arg1 DXA 153:155 DXA 153:155 DXA 153:155 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 1 89 theme x-ray 131:135 arg1 absorptiometry 137:150 dual x-ray absorptiometry 126:150 a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol 124:165 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 3 90 theme g·d 519:521 arg1 maintenance 523:533 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 504:533 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance 504:533 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 7 91 theme lean 1338:1341 arg1 mass 1343:1346 leg lean mass 1334:1346 leg lean mass 1334:1346 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 10 92 theme composition 1840:1850 arg1 estimates 1822:1830 DXA-derived estimates 1810:1830 DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes 1810:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 0 93 theme Absorptiometry 64:77 arg1 Estimates 79:87 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates 53:87 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition 53:107 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 6 94 theme RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 loading 1091:1097 RESULTS Glycogen loading 1074:1097 RESULTS Glycogen loading 1074:1097 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 9 95 theme DXA 1639:1641 arg1 estimates 1643:1651 DXA estimates 1639:1651 DXA estimates of lean mass 1639:1664 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 3 96 theme exercise 693:700 arg1 protocol 702:709 a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol 672:709 a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol 672:709 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 7 97 theme substantial 1310:1320 arg1 decrease 1322:1329 A substantial decrease 1308:1329 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass 1308:1346 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 8 98 theme ± 1564:1564 arg1 % 1569:1569 2.3% ± 1.1% 1559:1569 2.3% ± 1.1% 1559:1569 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 98 theme ± 1564:1564 arg1 treatment 1548:1556 the combined treatment 1535:1556 the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%) 1535:1570 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 6 99 theme % 1220:1220 arg1 % 1227:1227 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1227:1227 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 0 100 dep Muscle 16:21 arg1 Creatine 23:30 Creatine 23:30 Creatine 23:30 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 8 101 theme creatine 1500:1507 arg1 loading 1509:1515 creatine loading 1500:1515 creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) 1500:1529 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 101 theme creatine 1500:1507 arg1 % 1528:1528 1.4% ± 1.9% 1518:1528 1.4% ± 1.9% 1518:1528 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 9 102 theme mass 1661:1664 arg1 estimates 1643:1651 DXA estimates 1639:1651 DXA estimates of lean mass 1639:1664 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 9 103 from change 1698:1703 arg1 mass 1723:1726 muscle protein mass 1708:1726 muscle protein mass 1708:1726 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 4 104 theme biopsy 858:863 arg1 techniques 865:874 standard biopsy techniques 849:874 standard biopsy techniques 849:874 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 6 105 theme leg 1250:1252 arg1 mass 1259:1262 leg lean mass 1250:1262 leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) 1250:1292 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 8 106 theme % 1521:1521 arg1 loading 1509:1515 creatine loading 1500:1515 creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) 1500:1529 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 8 106 theme % 1521:1521 arg1 % 1528:1528 1.4% ± 1.9% 1518:1528 1.4% ± 1.9% 1518:1528 Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). 28410328 3 107 theme well-trained 398:409 arg1 cyclists 416:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists 382:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists 382:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 108 theme group 446:450 arg1 application 452:462 a parallel group application 435:462 a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 435:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 109 theme METHOD 382:387 arg1 cyclists 416:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists 382:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists 382:423 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 3 110 theme glycogen 585:592 arg1 loading 594:600 glycogen loading 585:600 glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 585:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 0 111 theme Glycogen 36:43 arg1 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen 0:43 Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition. 28410328 10 112 from composition 1840:1850 arg1 athletes 1855:1862 athletes 1855:1862 athletes 1855:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 7 113 theme % 1405:1405 arg1 condition 1390:1398 the glycogen depleting condition 1367:1398 the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%) 1367:1413 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 7 113 theme % 1405:1405 arg1 % 1412:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 -1.4% ± 1.6% 1401:1412 A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). 28410328 9 114 theme muscle 1708:1713 arg1 mass 1723:1726 muscle protein mass 1708:1726 muscle protein mass 1708:1726 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 4 115 theme Body 712:715 arg1 composition 717:727 Body composition 712:727 Body composition 712:727 Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. 28410328 3 116 theme loading 476:482 arg1 application 452:462 a parallel group application 435:462 a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) 435:634 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 6 117 theme % 1236:1236 arg1 % 1243:1243 mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9% 1206:1243 % 1243:1243 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 5 118 theme smallest 1029:1036 arg1 effect 1049:1054 the smallest worthwhile effect 1025:1054 the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment 1025:1071 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 5 119 theme effect-size 931:941 arg1 scale 943:947 the following effect-size scale 917:947 the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large 917:987 Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. 28410328 3 120 theme v 606:606 arg1 BM 615:616 12 v 6 g·kg BM 603:616 12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h 603:633 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28410328 9 121 from periods 1673:1679 arg1 likely 1731:1736 likely 1731:1736 likely 1731:1736 CONCLUSIONS Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. 28410328 10 122 theme DXA-derived 1810:1820 arg1 estimates 1822:1830 DXA-derived estimates 1810:1830 DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes 1810:1862 This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. 28410328 6 123 theme ± 1270:1270 arg1 % 1275:1275 3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0% 1265:1291 % 1275:1275 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 1 124 theme composition 220:230 arg1 measurement 200:210 a reliable measurement 189:210 a reliable measurement of body composition 189:230 Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. 28410328 6 125 from increases 1164:1172 arg1 estimates 1177:1185 estimates 1177:1185 estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) 1177:1292 RESULTS Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. 28410328 2 126 theme lean 371:374 arg1 mass 376:379 lean mass 371:379 lean mass 371:379 PURPOSE We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. 28410328 3 127 dep loading 594:600 arg1 BM 615:616 12 v 6 g·kg BM 603:616 12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h 603:633 METHOD Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. 28117762 0 0 theme Oxygen 84:89 arg1 Conditions 91:100 Low Oxygen Conditions 80:100 Low Oxygen Conditions 80:100 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 4 1 theme dramatic 740:747 arg1 reduction 749:757 a dramatic reduction 738:757 a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion 738:778 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 6 2 theme AnA 1089:1091 arg1 hydrogels 1093:1101 the responsive AnA hydrogels 1074:1101 the responsive AnA hydrogels 1074:1101 Stability, assessed by alternately exposing the responsive AnA hydrogels to extremely high and zero glucose concentrations, resulted in no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles. 28117762 3 3 theme optical 537:543 arg1 indicator 545:553 an optical indicator 534:553 an optical indicator 534:553 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 3 theme optical 537:543 arg1 tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 496:522 palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 486:522 palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 486:522 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 0 4 theme Low 80:82 arg1 Conditions 91:100 Low Oxygen Conditions 80:100 Low Oxygen Conditions 80:100 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 5 5 theme physiological 924:936 arg1 levels 945:950 both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 907:950 levels 945:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 8 6 theme composite 1447:1455 arg1 template 1503:1510 a template 1501:1510 a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions 1501:1666 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 8 6 theme composite 1447:1455 arg1 material 1457:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material 1418:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work 1418:1485 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 5 7 theme dynamic 1015:1021 arg1 range 1023:1027 dynamic range 1015:1027 dynamic range 1015:1027 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 6 8 theme glucose 1130:1136 arg1 concentrations 1138:1151 extremely high and zero glucose concentrations 1106:1151 concentrations 1138:1151 Stability, assessed by alternately exposing the responsive AnA hydrogels to extremely high and zero glucose concentrations, resulted in no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles. 28117762 2 9 theme real-time 285:293 arg1 monitoring 314:323 real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 285:323 real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 285:323 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 28117762 6 10 theme responsive 1078:1087 arg1 hydrogels 1093:1101 the responsive AnA hydrogels 1074:1101 the responsive AnA hydrogels 1074:1101 Stability, assessed by alternately exposing the responsive AnA hydrogels to extremely high and zero glucose concentrations, resulted in no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles. 28117762 7 11 theme AnA 1230:1232 arg1 hydrogels 1234:1242 These AnA hydrogels 1224:1242 These AnA hydrogels 1224:1242 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 5 12 theme sensitivity 999:1009 arg1 tuning 989:994 controlled tuning 978:994 controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range 978:1027 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 3 13 theme model 577:581 arg1 enzyme 583:588 a model enzyme 575:588 a model enzyme 575:588 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 6 14 theme significant 1169:1179 arg1 difference 1181:1190 no significant difference 1166:1190 no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles 1166:1221 Stability, assessed by alternately exposing the responsive AnA hydrogels to extremely high and zero glucose concentrations, resulted in no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles. 28117762 5 15 theme hydrogels 867:875 arg1 responses 846:854 The responses 842:854 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 842:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 3 16 theme palladium 486:494 arg1 indicator 545:553 an optical indicator 534:553 an optical indicator 534:553 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 16 theme palladium 486:494 arg1 tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 496:522 palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 486:522 palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 486:522 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 16 theme palladium 486:494 arg1 barrier 672:678 the diffusion barrier 658:678 the diffusion barrier 658:678 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 17 with hydrogel 407:414 arg1 microdomains 472:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 4 18 theme nanofilms 716:724 arg1 crosslinking 696:707 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking 681:707 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms 681:724 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 1 19 theme frequent 158:165 arg1 monitoring 167:176 frequent monitoring 158:176 frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine 158:213 There is a growing need for advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine. 28117762 3 20 theme alginate 398:405 arg1 hydrogel 407:414 an alginate hydrogel 395:414 an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 395:483 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 2 21 theme hydrogel-based 253:266 arg1 system 268:273 a composite hydrogel-based system 241:273 a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 241:323 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 28117762 3 22 theme responsive 330:339 arg1 material 341:348 The responsive material 326:348 The responsive material 326:348 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 22 theme responsive 330:339 arg1 alginate-in-alginate 351:370 alginate-in-alginate 351:370 alginate-in-alginate (AnA) 351:376 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 7 23 theme attractive 1257:1266 arg1 approach 1268:1275 an attractive approach 1254:1275 an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation 1254:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 8 24 theme glucose-responsive 1428:1445 arg1 template 1503:1510 a template 1501:1510 a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions 1501:1666 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 8 24 theme glucose-responsive 1428:1445 arg1 material 1457:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material 1418:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work 1418:1485 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 8 25 theme other 1643:1647 arg1 conditions 1657:1666 other chronic conditions 1643:1666 other chronic conditions 1643:1666 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 3 26 theme embedded 421:428 arg1 microdomains 472:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 0 27 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 Hydrogels 10:18 Composite Hydrogels 0:18 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing 0:75 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 3 28 theme layer-by-layer 595:608 arg1 multilayers 636:646 layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers 595:646 layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) 595:653 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 28 theme layer-by-layer 595:608 arg1 PEMs 649:652 PEMs 649:652 PEMs 649:652 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 1 29 theme biomarkers 181:190 arg1 monitoring 167:176 frequent monitoring 158:176 frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine 158:213 There is a growing need for advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine. 28117762 0 30 theme Engineered 25:34 arg1 Microdomains 36:47 Engineered Microdomains 25:47 Engineered Microdomains 25:47 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 7 31 theme optical 1395:1401 arg1 interrogation 1403:1415 optical interrogation 1395:1415 optical interrogation 1395:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 8 32 used used 1623:1626 arg2 material 1457:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material 1418:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work 1418:1485 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 8 32 used used 1623:1626 arg2 template 1503:1510 a template 1501:1510 a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions 1501:1666 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 5 33 from levels 945:950 arg1 changes 885:891 step changes 880:891 step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 880:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 2 34 theme bioanalyte 303:312 arg1 monitoring 314:323 real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 285:323 real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 285:323 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 28117762 5 35 theme AnA 863:865 arg1 hydrogels 867:875 the AnA hydrogels 859:875 the AnA hydrogels 859:875 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 7 36 used used 1336:1339 arg2 devices 1376:1382 minimally-invasive, implantable devices 1344:1382 devices 1376:1382 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 7 36 used used 1336:1339 arg2 materials 1314:1322 biocompatible materials 1300:1322 biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation 1300:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 2 37 theme optical 295:301 arg1 monitoring 314:323 real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 285:323 real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 285:323 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 28117762 1 38 theme precision 196:204 arg1 medicine 206:213 precision medicine 196:213 precision medicine 196:213 There is a growing need for advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine. 28117762 8 39 dep lactate 1574:1580 arg1 e.g. 1568:1571 e.g. 1568:1571 e.g. 1568:1571 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 4 40 theme Glutaraldehyde 681:694 arg1 crosslinking 696:707 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking 681:707 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms 681:724 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 3 41 theme bioactive 430:438 arg1 microdomains 472:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 42 theme phosphorescent 457:470 arg1 microdomains 472:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains 421:483 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 7 43 theme capable 1384:1390 arg1 devices 1376:1382 minimally-invasive, implantable devices 1344:1382 devices 1376:1382 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 7 43 theme capable 1384:1390 arg1 materials 1314:1322 biocompatible materials 1300:1322 biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation 1300:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 5 44 theme glucose 896:902 arg1 changes 885:891 step changes 880:891 step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 880:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 3 45 theme diffusion 662:670 arg1 tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 496:522 palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 486:522 palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin 486:522 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 45 theme diffusion 662:670 arg1 barrier 672:678 the diffusion barrier 658:678 the diffusion barrier 658:678 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 46 dep bioactive 430:438 arg1 nanofilm-coated 441:455 nanofilm-coated 441:455 nanofilm-coated 441:455 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 5 47 theme step 880:883 arg1 changes 885:891 step changes 880:891 step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 880:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 0 48 theme Glucose 61:67 arg1 Sensing 69:75 Optical Glucose Sensing 53:75 Optical Glucose Sensing 53:75 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 3 49 theme deposited 610:618 arg1 multilayers 636:646 layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers 595:646 layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) 595:653 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 49 theme deposited 610:618 arg1 PEMs 649:652 PEMs 649:652 PEMs 649:652 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 8 50 theme model 1422:1426 arg1 template 1503:1510 a template 1501:1510 a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions 1501:1666 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 8 50 theme model 1422:1426 arg1 material 1457:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material 1418:1464 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work 1418:1485 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 5 51 theme oxygen 938:943 arg1 levels 945:950 both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 907:950 levels 945:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 0 52 theme Optical 53:59 arg1 Sensing 69:75 Optical Glucose Sensing 53:75 Optical Glucose Sensing 53:75 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 3 53 theme polyelectrolyte 620:634 arg1 multilayers 636:646 layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers 595:646 layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) 595:653 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 3 53 theme polyelectrolyte 620:634 arg1 PEMs 649:652 PEMs 649:652 PEMs 649:652 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 0 54 with Hydrogels 10:18 arg1 Microdomains 36:47 Engineered Microdomains 25:47 Engineered Microdomains 25:47 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 1 55 theme growing 114:120 arg1 need 122:125 a growing need 112:125 a growing need for advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine 112:213 There is a growing need for advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine. 28117762 7 56 theme biocompatible 1300:1312 arg1 devices 1376:1382 minimally-invasive, implantable devices 1344:1382 devices 1376:1382 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 7 56 theme biocompatible 1300:1312 arg1 materials 1314:1322 biocompatible materials 1300:1322 biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation 1300:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 5 57 theme range 1023:1027 arg1 tuning 989:994 controlled tuning 978:994 controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range 978:1027 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 2 58 theme composite 243:251 arg1 system 268:273 a composite hydrogel-based system 241:273 a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring 241:323 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 28117762 5 59 from ambient 912:918 arg1 changes 885:891 step changes 880:891 step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels 880:950 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 5 60 theme controlled 978:987 arg1 tuning 989:994 controlled tuning 978:994 controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range 978:1027 The responses of the AnA hydrogels to step changes of glucose at both ambient and physiological oxygen levels were evaluated, revealing controlled tuning of sensitivity and dynamic range. 28117762 4 61 dep resulted 726:733 arg1 % 784:784 179% 781:784 179% 781:784 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 8 62 theme additional 1547:1556 arg1 analytes 1558:1565 additional analytes 1547:1565 additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) 1547:1610 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 4 63 theme oxygen 793:798 arg1 transport 800:808 oxygen transport 793:808 oxygen transport 793:808 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 4 64 theme glucose 762:768 arg1 diffusion 770:778 glucose diffusion 762:778 glucose diffusion 762:778 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 7 65 theme implantable 1364:1374 arg1 devices 1376:1382 minimally-invasive, implantable devices 1344:1382 devices 1376:1382 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 7 65 theme implantable 1364:1374 arg1 materials 1314:1322 biocompatible materials 1300:1322 biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation 1300:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 6 66 dep cycles 1216:1221 arg1 the 1195:1197 the 1195:1197 the 1195:1197 Stability, assessed by alternately exposing the responsive AnA hydrogels to extremely high and zero glucose concentrations, resulted in no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles. 28117762 6 66 dep cycles 1216:1221 arg1 response 1199:1206 response 1199:1206 response 1199:1206 Stability, assessed by alternately exposing the responsive AnA hydrogels to extremely high and zero glucose concentrations, resulted in no significant difference in the response over 20 cycles. 28117762 0 67 dep Hydrogels 10:18 arg1 Conditions 91:100 Low Oxygen Conditions 80:100 Low Oxygen Conditions 80:100 Composite Hydrogels with Engineered Microdomains for Optical Glucose Sensing at Low Oxygen Conditions. 28117762 7 68 theme minimally-invasive 1344:1361 arg1 devices 1376:1382 minimally-invasive, implantable devices 1344:1382 devices 1376:1382 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 7 68 theme minimally-invasive 1344:1361 arg1 materials 1314:1322 biocompatible materials 1300:1322 biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation 1300:1415 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 1 69 theme advanced 131:138 arg1 tools 140:144 advanced tools 131:144 advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine 131:213 There is a growing need for advanced tools that enable frequent monitoring of biomarkers for precision medicine. 28117762 4 70 from reduction 749:757 arg1 diffusion 770:778 glucose diffusion 762:778 glucose diffusion 762:778 Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the nanofilms resulted in a dramatic reduction in glucose diffusion (179%) while oxygen transport was not significantly affected. 28117762 8 71 theme chronic 1649:1655 arg1 conditions 1657:1666 other chronic conditions 1643:1666 other chronic conditions 1643:1666 The model glucose-responsive composite material studied in this work will serve as a template that can be translated for sensing additional analytes (e.g., lactate, urea, pyruvate, cholesterol) and can be used for monitoring other chronic conditions. 28117762 7 72 theme interrogation 1403:1415 arg1 capable 1384:1390 capable 1384:1390 capable 1384:1390 These AnA hydrogels represent an attractive approach to biosensing based on biocompatible materials that may be used as minimally-invasive, implantable devices capable of optical interrogation. 28117762 3 73 theme glucose 556:562 arg1 oxidase 564:570 glucose oxidase 556:570 glucose oxidase as a model enzyme 556:588 The responsive material, alginate-in-alginate (AnA), is comprised of an alginate hydrogel with embedded bioactive, nanofilm-coated phosphorescent microdomains; palladium tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin serves as an optical indicator, glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, and layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as the diffusion barrier. 28117762 2 74 attach present 233:239 arg1 work 224:227 this work 219:227 this work 219:227 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 28117762 2 74 attach present 233:239 arg2 we 230:231 we 230:231 we 230:231 In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-based system providing real-time optical bioanalyte monitoring. 24528705 5 0 from increase 638:645 arg1 % 684:684 10% to 50% 675:684 10% to 50% 675:684 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 5 0 from increase 638:645 arg1 content 662:668 citric acid content 650:668 citric acid content from 10% to 50% 650:684 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 8 1 from Interactions 896:907 arg1 presence 952:959 the presence 948:959 the presence of citric acid 948:974 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 5 2 theme tensile 691:697 arg1 strength 699:706 the tensile strength 687:706 the tensile strength 687:706 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 6 3 theme 15.1 795:798 arg1 % 799:799 % 799:799 % 799:799 However, the elongation at break increased sharply from 15.1% to 249.5%. 24528705 3 4 theme FTIR 512:515 arg1 spectroscopy 517:528 FTIR spectroscopy 512:528 FTIR spectroscopy 512:528 The intermolecular interactions and morphology of composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. 24528705 7 5 theme water 826:830 arg1 permeability 838:849 water vapor permeability 826:849 water vapor permeability 826:849 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 4 6 theme composite 590:598 arg1 films 600:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 The results indicated that polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films had good compatibility. 24528705 8 7 theme bond 1038:1041 arg1 formation 1043:1051 hydrogen bond and ester bond formation 1014:1051 hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming 1014:1092 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 5 8 theme 10 675:676 arg1 % 677:677 % 677:677 % 677:677 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 7 9 theme mm 887:888 arg1 g/ 884:885 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/ 863:885 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h) 863:893 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 7 9 theme mm 887:888 arg1 h 892:892 mm(2)h 887:892 mm(2)h 887:892 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 2 10 theme mechanical 280:289 arg1 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 10 theme mechanical 280:289 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 10 theme mechanical 280:289 arg1 stability 311:319 thermal stability 303:319 thermal stability 303:319 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 10 theme mechanical 280:289 arg1 degree 334:339 degree 334:339 degree of swelling 334:351 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 10 theme mechanical 280:289 arg1 permeability 369:380 water vapor permeability 357:380 water vapor permeability of the composite films 357:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 4 11 theme good 610:613 arg1 compatibility 615:627 good compatibility 610:627 good compatibility 610:627 The results indicated that polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films had good compatibility. 24528705 8 12 theme ester 1032:1036 arg1 bond 1038:1041 ester bond 1032:1041 ester bond 1032:1041 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 8 13 theme polyvinyl 927:935 arg1 alcohol 937:943 polyvinyl alcohol 927:943 polyvinyl alcohol 927:943 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 8 14 theme citric 964:969 arg1 acid 971:974 citric acid 964:974 citric acid 964:974 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 7 15 dep 2.95 871:874 arg1 to 868:869 to 868:869 to 868:869 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 1 16 theme Composite 72:80 arg1 agent 190:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 16 theme Composite 72:80 arg1 films 82:86 Composite films 72:86 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol 72:117 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 16 theme Composite 72:80 arg1 plasticizer 159:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 2 17 from effects 201:207 arg1 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 17 from effects 201:207 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 17 from effects 201:207 arg1 stability 311:319 thermal stability 303:319 thermal stability 303:319 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 17 from effects 201:207 arg1 degree 334:339 degree 334:339 degree of swelling 334:351 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 17 from effects 201:207 arg1 permeability 369:380 water vapor permeability 357:380 water vapor permeability of the composite films 357:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 1 18 theme new 155:157 arg1 films 82:86 Composite films 72:86 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol 72:117 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 18 theme new 155:157 arg1 plasticizer 159:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 2 19 theme weight 260:265 arg1 ratio 267:271 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio 236:271 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio 236:271 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 3 20 theme intermolecular 428:441 arg1 interactions 443:454 The intermolecular interactions 424:454 The intermolecular interactions 424:454 The intermolecular interactions and morphology of composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. 24528705 8 21 theme bond 1023:1026 arg1 formation 1043:1051 hydrogen bond and ester bond formation 1014:1051 hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming 1014:1092 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 5 22 theme citric 650:655 arg1 content 662:668 citric acid content 650:668 citric acid content from 10% to 50% 650:684 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 2 23 theme thermal 303:309 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 23 theme thermal 303:309 arg1 stability 311:319 thermal stability 303:319 thermal stability 303:319 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 5 24 dep 11.6 729:732 arg1 to 726:727 to 726:727 to 726:727 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 2 25 theme vapor 363:367 arg1 permeability 369:380 water vapor permeability 357:380 water vapor permeability of the composite films 357:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 25 theme vapor 363:367 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 5 26 dep % 677:677 arg1 to 679:680 to 679:680 to 679:680 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 5 27 theme acid 657:660 arg1 content 662:668 citric acid content 650:668 citric acid content from 10% to 50% 650:684 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 7 28 theme × 876:876 arg1 g/ 884:885 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/ 863:885 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h) 863:893 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 7 28 theme × 876:876 arg1 h 892:892 mm(2)h 887:892 mm(2)h 887:892 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 1 29 theme xylan 91:95 arg1 agent 190:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 29 theme xylan 91:95 arg1 films 82:86 Composite films 72:86 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol 72:117 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 29 theme xylan 91:95 arg1 plasticizer 159:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 2 30 theme water 357:361 arg1 permeability 369:380 water vapor permeability 357:380 water vapor permeability of the composite films 357:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 30 theme water 357:361 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 6 31 dep % 799:799 arg1 to 801:802 to 801:802 to 801:802 However, the elongation at break increased sharply from 15.1% to 249.5%. 24528705 8 32 theme acid 971:974 arg1 presence 952:959 the presence 948:959 the presence of citric acid 948:974 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 4 33 contain had 606:608 arg1 films 600:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 The results indicated that polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films had good compatibility. 24528705 4 33 contain had 606:608 arg2 compatibility 615:627 good compatibility 610:627 good compatibility 610:627 The results indicated that polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films had good compatibility. 24528705 1 34 theme cross-linking 176:188 arg1 agent 190:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 34 theme cross-linking 176:188 arg1 films 82:86 Composite films 72:86 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol 72:117 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 0 35 theme polyvinyl 14:22 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties of polyvinyl 0:22 Properties of polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films with citric acid. 24528705 4 36 theme alcohol/xylan 576:588 arg1 films 600:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 The results indicated that polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films had good compatibility. 24528705 2 37 theme ratio 267:271 arg1 effects 201:207 The effects 197:207 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films 197:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 1 38 theme polyvinyl 101:109 arg1 alcohol 111:117 polyvinyl alcohol 101:117 polyvinyl alcohol 101:117 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 2 39 theme films 399:403 arg1 permeability 369:380 water vapor permeability 357:380 water vapor permeability of the composite films 357:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 39 theme films 399:403 arg1 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 39 theme films 399:403 arg1 stability 311:319 thermal stability 303:319 thermal stability 303:319 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 39 theme films 399:403 arg1 degree 334:339 degree 334:339 degree of swelling 334:351 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 39 theme films 399:403 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 4 40 theme polyvinyl 566:574 arg1 films 600:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films 566:604 The results indicated that polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films had good compatibility. 24528705 6 41 from break 766:770 arg1 elongation 752:761 the elongation 748:761 the elongation at break 748:770 However, the elongation at break increased sharply from 15.1% to 249.5%. 24528705 2 42 theme acid 219:222 arg1 content 224:230 citric acid content 212:230 citric acid content 212:230 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 7 43 dep h 892:892 arg1 2 890:890 2 890:890 2 890:890 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 2 44 theme composite 389:397 arg1 films 399:403 the composite films 385:403 the composite films 385:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 0 45 theme composite 38:46 arg1 films 48:52 composite films 38:52 composite films 38:52 Properties of polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films with citric acid. 24528705 8 46 theme forming 1086:1092 arg1 film 1081:1084 film forming 1081:1092 film forming 1081:1092 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 2 47 theme citric 212:217 arg1 content 224:230 citric acid content 212:230 citric acid content 212:230 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 0 48 theme citric 59:64 arg1 acid 66:69 citric acid 59:69 citric acid 59:69 Properties of polyvinyl alcohol/xylan composite films with citric acid. 24528705 1 49 theme alcohol 111:117 arg1 agent 190:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 a cross-linking agent 174:194 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 49 theme alcohol 111:117 arg1 films 82:86 Composite films 72:86 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol 72:117 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 1 49 theme alcohol 111:117 arg1 plasticizer 159:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 a new plasticizer 153:169 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 5 50 theme 50 682:683 arg1 % 677:677 % 677:677 % 677:677 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 6 51 theme 249.5 804:808 arg1 % 799:799 % 799:799 % 799:799 However, the elongation at break increased sharply from 15.1% to 249.5%. 24528705 2 52 theme alcohol/xylan 246:258 arg1 ratio 267:271 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio 236:271 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio 236:271 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 3 53 theme composite 474:482 arg1 films 484:488 composite films 474:488 composite films 474:488 The intermolecular interactions and morphology of composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. 24528705 5 54 from % 684:684 arg1 increase 638:645 an increase 635:645 an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50% 635:684 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 5 54 from % 684:684 arg1 content 662:668 citric acid content 650:668 citric acid content from 10% to 50% 650:684 With an increase in citric acid content from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength reduced from 35.1 to 11.6 MPa. 24528705 2 55 theme polyvinyl 236:244 arg1 ratio 267:271 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio 236:271 polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio 236:271 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 3 56 theme films 484:488 arg1 morphology 460:469 morphology 460:469 morphology of composite films 460:488 The intermolecular interactions and morphology of composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. 24528705 3 56 theme films 484:488 arg1 interactions 443:454 The intermolecular interactions 424:454 The intermolecular interactions 424:454 The intermolecular interactions and morphology of composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. 24528705 8 57 theme hydrogen 1014:1021 arg1 bond 1023:1026 hydrogen bond 1014:1026 hydrogen bond 1014:1026 Interactions between xylan and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid become stronger, which were caused by hydrogen bond and ester bond formation among the components during film forming. 24528705 7 58 theme vapor 832:836 arg1 permeability 838:849 water vapor permeability 826:849 water vapor permeability 826:849 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24528705 1 59 theme citric 138:143 arg1 acid 145:148 citric acid 138:148 citric acid 138:148 Composite films of xylan and polyvinyl alcohol were produced with citric acid as a new plasticizer or a cross-linking agent. 24528705 2 60 theme content 224:230 arg1 effects 201:207 The effects 197:207 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films 197:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 61 theme swelling 344:351 arg1 permeability 369:380 water vapor permeability 357:380 water vapor permeability of the composite films 357:403 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 61 theme swelling 344:351 arg1 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 solubility 322:331 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 61 theme swelling 344:351 arg1 stability 311:319 thermal stability 303:319 thermal stability 303:319 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 61 theme swelling 344:351 arg1 degree 334:339 degree 334:339 degree of swelling 334:351 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 2 61 theme swelling 344:351 arg1 properties 291:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 the mechanical properties 276:300 The effects of citric acid content and polyvinyl alcohol/xylan weight ratio on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, solubility, degree of swelling and water vapor permeability of the composite films were investigated. 24528705 7 62 theme permeability 838:849 arg1 values 816:821 The values 812:821 The values of water vapor permeability 812:849 The values of water vapor permeability ranged from 2.35 to 2.95 × 10(-7)g/(mm(2)h). 24854346 6 0 theme ACN/methanol/sodium 1184:1202 arg1 acetate 1204:1210 ACN/methanol/sodium acetate 1184:1210 ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v) 1184:1232 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 4 1 theme solvent 901:907 arg1 composition 909:919 the sample solvent composition 890:919 the sample solvent composition 890:919 To obtain a sensitivity improvement, a field-amplified sample injection was evaluated optimizing the sample solvent composition and injection time. 24854346 9 2 theme retention 1681:1689 arg1 time 1691:1694 retention time 1681:1694 retention time 1681:1694 Intra- and interday repeatability provided RSD values in the ranges 1.1-1.7, 1.3-2.3% for retention time and 1.3-2.6, 2.1-3.4% for peak area, respectively. 24854346 3 3 from dependence 682:691 arg1 terms 724:728 terms 724:728 terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 724:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 2 4 theme drugs 585:589 arg1 enantioseparation 543:559 the enantioseparation 539:559 the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs 539:589 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 5 5 theme racemic 1035:1041 arg1 compounds 1043:1051 all the racemic compounds 1027:1051 all the racemic compounds 1027:1051 The LODs and LOQs values were in the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL, respectively, for all the racemic compounds. 24854346 2 6 used used 523:526 arg2 columns 380:386 Capillary columns 370:386 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, 370:516 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 0 7 theme chiral 111:116 arg1 phase 129:133 a chiral stationary phase 109:133 a chiral stationary phase 109:133 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 3 8 theme mobile-phase 696:707 arg1 composition 709:719 mobile-phase composition 696:719 mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 696:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 2 9 theme designer 576:583 arg1 drugs 585:589 the studied designer drugs 564:589 the studied designer drugs 564:589 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 6 10 theme short 1130:1134 arg1 times 1145:1149 short analysis times 1130:1149 short analysis times 1130:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 6 11 theme separation 1097:1106 arg1 N/m 1120:1122 N/m 1120:1122 N/m 1120:1122 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 6 11 theme separation 1097:1106 arg1 efficiency 1108:1117 separation efficiency 1097:1117 separation efficiency (N/m) 1097:1123 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 8 12 from study 1384:1388 arg1 terms 1427:1431 terms 1427:1431 terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility 1427:1505 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 2 13 theme studied 568:574 arg1 drugs 585:589 the studied designer drugs 564:589 the studied designer drugs 564:589 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 6 14 from results 1059:1065 arg1 terms 1070:1074 terms 1070:1074 terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times 1070:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 1 15 theme cathinone 267:275 arg1 derivatives 277:287 ten cathinone derivatives 263:287 ten cathinone derivatives 263:287 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 2 16 theme Lux 503:505 arg1 Amylose-2 507:515 Lux Amylose-2 503:515 Lux Amylose-2 503:515 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 3 17 theme content 737:743 arg1 terms 724:728 terms 724:728 terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 724:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 7 18 theme analyzed 1294:1301 arg1 derivatives 1313:1323 the analyzed cathinone derivatives 1290:1323 the analyzed cathinone derivatives 1290:1323 Applying a voltage of 10 kV and a temperature of 20°C, the analyzed cathinone derivatives were separated in their enantiomers in less than 10 min. 24854346 2 19 theme μm 395:396 arg1 id 398:399 100 μm id 391:399 100 μm id 391:399 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 0 20 theme stationary 118:127 arg1 phase 129:133 a chiral stationary phase 109:133 a chiral stationary phase 109:133 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 2 21 theme 100 391:393 arg1 μm 395:396 μm 395:396 μm 395:396 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 3 22 from terms 724:728 arg1 dependence 682:691 dependence 682:691 dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 682:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 8 23 theme interday 1447:1454 arg1 repeatability 1456:1468 interday repeatability 1447:1468 interday repeatability 1447:1468 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 4 24 theme sample 848:853 arg1 injection 855:863 a field-amplified sample injection 830:863 a field-amplified sample injection 830:863 To obtain a sensitivity improvement, a field-amplified sample injection was evaluated optimizing the sample solvent composition and injection time. 24854346 3 25 theme organic 752:758 arg1 modifier 760:767 the organic modifier 748:767 the organic modifier 748:767 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 9 26 theme ranges 1652:1657 arg1 1.1-1.7 1659:1665 the ranges 1.1-1.7 1648:1665 the ranges 1.1-1.7 1648:1665 Intra- and interday repeatability provided RSD values in the ranges 1.1-1.7, 1.3-2.3% for retention time and 1.3-2.6, 2.1-3.4% for peak area, respectively. 24854346 7 27 theme voltage 1246:1252 arg1 kV 1260:1261 a voltage of 10 kV 1244:1261 a voltage of 10 kV 1244:1261 Applying a voltage of 10 kV and a temperature of 20°C, the analyzed cathinone derivatives were separated in their enantiomers in less than 10 min. 24854346 0 28 theme Enantiomeric 0:11 arg1 separation 13:22 Enantiomeric separation 0:22 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives 0:51 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 1 29 theme derivatives 277:287 arg1 separation 249:258 the enantiomeric separation 232:258 the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives 232:287 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 4 30 theme field-amplified 832:846 arg1 injection 855:863 a field-amplified sample injection 830:863 a field-amplified sample injection 830:863 To obtain a sensitivity improvement, a field-amplified sample injection was evaluated optimizing the sample solvent composition and injection time. 24854346 5 31 theme LODs 945:948 arg1 values 959:964 The LODs and LOQs values 941:964 The LODs and LOQs values 941:964 The LODs and LOQs values were in the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL, respectively, for all the racemic compounds. 24854346 7 32 theme of 1254:1255 arg1 kV 1260:1261 a voltage of 10 kV 1244:1261 a voltage of 10 kV 1244:1261 Applying a voltage of 10 kV and a temperature of 20°C, the analyzed cathinone derivatives were separated in their enantiomers in less than 10 min. 24854346 0 33 theme new 27:29 arg1 derivatives 41:51 new cathinone derivatives 27:51 new cathinone derivatives 27:51 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 3 34 theme modifier 760:767 arg1 content 737:743 the content 733:743 the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 733:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 4 35 theme injection 925:933 arg1 time 935:938 injection time 925:938 injection time 925:938 To obtain a sensitivity improvement, a field-amplified sample injection was evaluated optimizing the sample solvent composition and injection time. 24854346 9 36 theme interday 1602:1609 arg1 repeatability 1611:1623 Intra- and interday repeatability 1591:1623 Intra- and interday repeatability 1591:1623 Intra- and interday repeatability provided RSD values in the ranges 1.1-1.7, 1.3-2.3% for retention time and 1.3-2.6, 2.1-3.4% for peak area, respectively. 24854346 6 37 theme efficiency 1108:1117 arg1 terms 1070:1074 terms 1070:1074 terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times 1070:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 2 38 theme amylose 413:419 arg1 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate 426:457 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate 426:457 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate 426:457 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 2 38 theme amylose 413:419 arg1 tris 421:424 amylose tris 413:424 amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, 413:516 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 9 39 theme peak 1722:1725 arg1 area 1727:1730 peak area 1722:1730 peak area 1722:1730 Intra- and interday repeatability provided RSD values in the ranges 1.1-1.7, 1.3-2.3% for retention time and 1.3-2.6, 2.1-3.4% for peak area, respectively. 24854346 8 40 theme repeatability 1456:1468 arg1 terms 1427:1431 terms 1427:1431 terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility 1427:1505 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 9 41 theme RSD 1634:1636 arg1 values 1638:1643 RSD values 1634:1643 RSD values 1634:1643 Intra- and interday repeatability provided RSD values in the ranges 1.1-1.7, 1.3-2.3% for retention time and 1.3-2.6, 2.1-3.4% for peak area, respectively. 24854346 3 42 theme separation 642:651 arg1 efficiency 653:662 separation efficiency 642:662 separation efficiency 642:662 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 5 43 theme LOQs 954:957 arg1 values 959:964 The LODs and LOQs values 941:964 The LODs and LOQs values 941:964 The LODs and LOQs values were in the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL, respectively, for all the racemic compounds. 24854346 2 44 theme Capillary 370:378 arg1 columns 380:386 Capillary columns 370:386 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, 370:516 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 0 45 theme derivatives 41:51 arg1 separation 13:22 Enantiomeric separation 0:22 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives 0:51 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 5 46 theme 50-150 995:1000 arg1 range 978:982 the range 974:982 the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL 974:1006 The LODs and LOQs values were in the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL, respectively, for all the racemic compounds. 24854346 5 47 theme ng/mL 1002:1006 arg1 range 978:982 the range 974:982 the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL 974:1006 The LODs and LOQs values were in the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL, respectively, for all the racemic compounds. 24854346 6 48 theme analysis 1136:1143 arg1 times 1145:1149 short analysis times 1130:1149 short analysis times 1130:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 1 49 theme chiral 210:215 arg1 method 221:226 a chiral CEC method 208:226 a chiral CEC method 208:226 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 0 50 theme cathinone 31:39 arg1 derivatives 41:51 new cathinone derivatives 27:51 new cathinone derivatives 27:51 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 8 51 theme column-to-column 1474:1489 arg1 reproducibility 1491:1505 column-to-column reproducibility 1474:1505 column-to-column reproducibility 1474:1505 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 0 52 dep designer 53:60 arg1 drugs 62:66 drugs 62:66 drugs 62:66 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 1 53 theme CEC 217:219 arg1 method 221:226 a chiral CEC method 208:226 a chiral CEC method 208:226 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 3 54 from composition 709:719 arg1 terms 724:728 terms 724:728 terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 724:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 4 55 theme sample 894:899 arg1 composition 909:919 the sample solvent composition 890:919 the sample solvent composition 890:919 To obtain a sensitivity improvement, a field-amplified sample injection was evaluated optimizing the sample solvent composition and injection time. 24854346 8 56 theme intra- 1436:1441 arg1 terms 1427:1431 terms 1427:1431 terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility 1427:1505 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 7 57 theme 20°C 1284:1287 arg1 temperature 1269:1279 a temperature 1267:1279 a temperature of 20°C 1267:1287 Applying a voltage of 10 kV and a temperature of 20°C, the analyzed cathinone derivatives were separated in their enantiomers in less than 10 min. 24854346 7 57 theme 20°C 1284:1287 arg1 kV 1260:1261 a voltage of 10 kV 1244:1261 a voltage of 10 kV 1244:1261 Applying a voltage of 10 kV and a temperature of 20°C, the analyzed cathinone derivatives were separated in their enantiomers in less than 10 min. 24854346 6 58 theme resolution 1079:1088 arg1 terms 1070:1074 terms 1070:1074 terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times 1070:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 8 59 theme method 1406:1411 arg1 precision 1413:1421 the method precision 1402:1421 the method precision 1402:1421 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 1 60 theme polysaccharide-based 304:323 arg1 phase 343:347 a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase 302:347 a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase 302:347 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 3 61 theme composition 709:719 arg1 dependence 682:691 dependence 682:691 dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 682:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 4 62 theme sensitivity 805:815 arg1 improvement 817:827 a sensitivity improvement 803:827 a sensitivity improvement 803:827 To obtain a sensitivity improvement, a field-amplified sample injection was evaluated optimizing the sample solvent composition and injection time. 24854346 6 63 dep acetate 1204:1210 arg1 pH 1212:1213 pH 9 1212:1215 ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v) 1184:1232 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 6 63 dep acetate 1204:1210 arg1 89/10/1 1218:1224 89/10/1 1218:1224 89/10/1 1218:1224 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 6 63 dep acetate 1204:1210 arg1 v/v/v 1227:1231 v/v/v 1227:1231 v/v/v 1227:1231 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 8 64 theme method 1572:1577 arg1 validation 1579:1588 method validation 1572:1588 method validation 1572:1588 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 1 65 theme chiral 325:330 arg1 phase 343:347 a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase 302:347 a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase 302:347 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 3 66 theme chromatographic 611:625 arg1 retention 627:635 chromatographic retention 611:635 chromatographic retention 611:635 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 6 67 theme acetate 1204:1210 arg1 mixture 1173:1179 a mixture 1171:1179 a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v) 1171:1232 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 8 68 theme analytical 1546:1555 arg1 procedures 1557:1566 the analytical procedures 1542:1566 the analytical procedures for method validation 1542:1588 A study, concerning the method precision, in terms of intra- and interday repeatability and column-to-column reproducibility was carried out in accordance with the analytical procedures for method validation. 24854346 7 69 theme cathinone 1303:1311 arg1 derivatives 1313:1323 the analyzed cathinone derivatives 1290:1323 the analyzed cathinone derivatives 1290:1323 Applying a voltage of 10 kV and a temperature of 20°C, the analyzed cathinone derivatives were separated in their enantiomers in less than 10 min. 24854346 9 70 theme Intra- 1591:1596 arg1 repeatability 1611:1623 Intra- and interday repeatability 1591:1623 Intra- and interday repeatability 1591:1623 Intra- and interday repeatability provided RSD values in the ranges 1.1-1.7, 1.3-2.3% for retention time and 1.3-2.6, 2.1-3.4% for peak area, respectively. 24854346 3 71 theme nature 770:775 arg1 content 737:743 the content 733:743 the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 733:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 5 72 theme 25-100 984:989 arg1 ng/mL 1002:1006 ng/mL 1002:1006 ng/mL 1002:1006 The LODs and LOQs values were in the range 25-100 and 50-150 ng/mL, respectively, for all the racemic compounds. 24854346 0 73 theme capillary 71:79 arg1 electrochromatography 81:101 capillary electrochromatography 71:101 capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) 71:190 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 2 74 theme id 398:399 arg1 columns 380:386 Capillary columns 370:386 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, 370:516 Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica, also called Sepapak 3 or Lux Amylose-2, were used to achieve the enantioseparation of the studied designer drugs. 24854346 6 75 theme times 1145:1149 arg1 terms 1070:1074 terms 1070:1074 terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times 1070:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 0 76 dep amylose 145:151 arg1 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate 158:189 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate 158:189 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate 158:189 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 0 76 dep amylose 145:151 arg1 tris 153:156 tris 153:156 amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) 145:190 Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate). 24854346 6 77 theme Good 1054:1057 arg1 results 1059:1065 Good results 1054:1065 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times 1054:1149 Good results in terms of resolution (Rs ), separation efficiency (N/m), and short analysis times were obtained using a mixture of ACN/methanol/sodium acetate pH 9 (89/10/1, v/v/v). 24854346 3 78 theme pH 782:783 arg1 buffer 785:790 pH buffer 782:790 pH buffer 782:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 1 79 theme stationary 332:341 arg1 phase 343:347 a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase 302:347 a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase 302:347 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 24854346 3 80 theme buffer 785:790 arg1 content 737:743 the content 733:743 the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer 733:790 Enantioresolution, chromatographic retention, and separation efficiency were evaluated in dependence of mobile-phase composition in terms of the content of the organic modifier, nature, and pH buffer. 24854346 1 81 theme enantiomeric 236:247 arg1 separation 249:258 the enantiomeric separation 232:258 the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives 232:287 In this study, a chiral CEC method for the enantiomeric separation of ten cathinone derivatives, by means of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, has been developed. 26453877 4 0 dep 58.5μM 830:835 arg1 to 827:828 to 827:828 to 827:828 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 5 1 theme storage 1018:1024 arg1 repeatability 972:984 the excellent repeatability 958:984 the excellent repeatability 958:984 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 5 1 theme storage 1018:1024 arg1 stability 1026:1034 storage stability 1018:1034 storage stability 1018:1034 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 3 2 theme modified 465:472 arg1 electrode 474:482 The GR/β-CD modified electrode 453:482 The GR/β-CD modified electrode 453:482 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 3 3 theme excellent 652:660 arg1 behavior 680:687 an excellent electro-oxidation behavior 649:687 an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA 649:718 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 0 4 theme dopamine 86:93 arg1 detection 73:81 sensitive detection 63:81 sensitive detection of dopamine 63:93 Preparation of β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite composite for sensitive detection of dopamine. 26453877 2 5 from ability 421:427 arg1 solution 443:450 β-CD solution 438:450 β-CD solution 438:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 4 6 theme concentration 798:810 arg1 range 812:816 the linear concentration range 787:816 the linear concentration range 787:816 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 1 7 theme GR/β-CD 255:261 arg1 composite 264:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite 220:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time 220:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 3 8 theme modified 623:630 arg1 SPCEs 632:636 bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs 589:636 bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs 589:636 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 2 9 from groups 313:318 arg1 rims 332:335 the β-CD rims 323:335 the β-CD rims 323:335 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 4 10 theme 0.011μM 866:872 arg1 detection 853:861 detection 853:861 detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2) 853:919 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 2 11 from GR 432:433 arg1 solution 443:450 β-CD solution 438:450 β-CD solution 438:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 4 12 theme sensitivity 882:892 arg1 detection 853:861 detection 853:861 detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2) 853:919 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 3 13 theme electro-oxidation 662:678 arg1 behavior 680:687 an excellent electro-oxidation behavior 649:687 an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA 649:718 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 3 14 theme higher 496:501 arg1 response 519:526 a higher electrochemical response 494:526 a higher electrochemical response to DA 494:532 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 4 15 theme cm 914:915 arg1 0.011μM 866:872 0.011μM 866:872 0.011μM 866:872 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 4 15 theme cm 914:915 arg1 sensitivity 882:892 the sensitivity 878:892 the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2) 878:919 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 3 16 theme electrochemical 503:517 arg1 response 519:526 a higher electrochemical response 494:526 a higher electrochemical response to DA 494:532 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 1 17 theme screen-printed 167:180 arg1 SPCE 200:203 SPCE 200:203 SPCE 200:203 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 1 17 theme screen-printed 167:180 arg1 electrode 189:197 a screen-printed carbon electrode 165:197 a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time 165:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 4 18 from DA 781:782 arg1 range 812:816 the linear concentration range 787:816 the linear concentration range 787:816 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 4 19 theme linear 791:796 arg1 range 812:816 the linear concentration range 787:816 the linear concentration range 787:816 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 2 20 theme polar 298:302 arg1 groups 313:318 The polar hydroxyl groups 294:318 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims 294:335 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 2 21 theme hydroxyl 304:311 arg1 groups 313:318 The polar hydroxyl groups 294:318 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims 294:335 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 1 22 theme carbon 182:187 arg1 SPCE 200:203 SPCE 200:203 SPCE 200:203 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 1 22 theme carbon 182:187 arg1 electrode 189:197 a screen-printed carbon electrode 165:197 a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time 165:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 2 23 theme dispersion 410:419 arg1 ability 421:427 the high dispersion ability 401:427 the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 401:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 3 24 theme GR/β-CD 692:698 arg1 composite 700:708 GR/β-CD composite 692:708 GR/β-CD composite 692:708 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 1 25 theme simple 98:103 arg1 DA 115:116 DA 115:116 DA 115:116 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 1 25 theme simple 98:103 arg1 dopamine 105:112 A simple dopamine 96:112 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor 96:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 2 26 theme high 405:408 arg1 ability 421:427 the high dispersion ability 401:427 the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 401:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 3 27 theme composite 700:708 arg1 behavior 680:687 an excellent electro-oxidation behavior 649:687 an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA 649:718 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 1 28 theme dopamine 105:112 arg1 sensor 135:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor 96:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor 96:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 0 29 theme β-cyclodextrin 15:28 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of β-cyclodextrin 0:28 Preparation of β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite composite for sensitive detection of dopamine. 26453877 1 30 theme first 282:286 arg1 time 288:291 the first time 278:291 the first time 278:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 5 31 theme excellent 962:970 arg1 repeatability 972:984 the excellent repeatability 958:984 the excellent repeatability 958:984 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 5 31 theme excellent 962:970 arg1 reproducibility 1001:1015 reproducibility 1001:1015 reproducibility 1001:1015 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 5 31 theme excellent 962:970 arg1 stability 1026:1034 storage stability 1018:1034 storage stability 1018:1034 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 5 31 theme excellent 962:970 arg1 practicality 987:998 practicality 987:998 practicality 987:998 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 2 32 theme β-CD 438:441 arg1 solution 443:450 β-CD solution 438:450 β-CD solution 438:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 2 33 from solution 443:450 arg1 ability 421:427 the high dispersion ability 401:427 the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 401:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 2 34 theme sheets 379:384 arg1 edges 367:371 edges 367:371 edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 367:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 0 35 theme graphite 40:47 arg1 composite 49:57 graphite composite 40:57 graphite composite 40:57 Preparation of β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite composite for sensitive detection of dopamine. 26453877 4 36 theme detection 853:861 arg1 limit 844:848 a limit 842:848 a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2) 842:919 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 3 37 theme bare/β-CD 589:597 arg1 SPCEs 632:636 bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs 589:636 bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs 589:636 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 4 38 theme fabricated 751:760 arg1 sensor 762:767 the fabricated sensor 747:767 the fabricated sensor 747:767 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 2 39 theme GR 376:377 arg1 sheets 379:384 GR sheets 376:384 GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 376:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 0 40 theme sensitive 63:71 arg1 detection 73:81 sensitive detection 63:81 sensitive detection of dopamine 63:93 Preparation of β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite composite for sensitive detection of dopamine. 26453877 3 41 theme oxidation 547:555 arg1 0.224V 568:573 0.224V 568:573 0.224V 568:573 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 3 41 theme oxidation 547:555 arg1 potential 557:565 a lower oxidation potential 539:565 a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) 539:574 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 2 42 theme β-CD 327:330 arg1 rims 332:335 the β-CD rims 323:335 the β-CD rims 323:335 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 5 43 theme acceptable 1047:1056 arg1 selectivity 1058:1068 acceptable selectivity 1047:1068 acceptable selectivity 1047:1068 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 5 44 theme fabricated 926:935 arg1 sensor 937:942 The fabricated sensor 922:942 The fabricated sensor 922:942 The fabricated sensor also exhibits the excellent repeatability, practicality, reproducibility, storage stability along with acceptable selectivity. 26453877 3 45 theme GR/β-CD 457:463 arg1 electrode 474:482 The GR/β-CD modified electrode 453:482 The GR/β-CD modified electrode 453:482 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 1 46 theme electrochemical 119:133 arg1 sensor 135:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor 96:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor 96:140 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 4 47 from 58.5μM 830:835 arg1 DA 781:782 the DA 777:782 the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM 777:835 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 4 48 theme optimum 727:733 arg1 conditions 735:744 optimum conditions 727:744 optimum conditions 727:744 Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor detects the DA in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 58.5μM with a limit of detection of 0.011μM and the sensitivity of 1.27±0.02μAμM(-1)cm(-2). 26453877 1 49 theme β-cyclodextrin 220:233 arg1 composite 264:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite 220:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time 220:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 3 50 theme GR 611:612 arg1 SPCEs 632:636 bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs 589:636 bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs 589:636 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 2 51 theme polar 351:355 arg1 edges 367:371 edges 367:371 edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 367:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 2 51 theme polar 351:355 arg1 groups 357:362 polar groups 351:362 polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 351:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 2 52 theme edges 367:371 arg1 edges 367:371 edges 367:371 edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 367:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 2 52 theme edges 367:371 arg1 groups 357:362 polar groups 351:362 polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 351:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 1 53 theme entrapped 235:243 arg1 composite 264:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite 220:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time 220:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 26453877 2 54 theme GR 432:433 arg1 ability 421:427 the high dispersion ability 401:427 the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution 401:450 The polar hydroxyl groups on the β-CD rims interact with polar groups of edges of GR sheets resulting into the high dispersion ability of GR in β-CD solution. 26453877 3 55 theme lower 541:545 arg1 0.224V 568:573 0.224V 568:573 0.224V 568:573 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 3 55 theme lower 541:545 arg1 potential 557:565 a lower oxidation potential 539:565 a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) 539:574 The GR/β-CD modified electrode exhibited a higher electrochemical response to DA with a lower oxidation potential (0.224V) than that of bare/β-CD (0.38V) and GR (0.525V) modified SPCEs, revealing an excellent electro-oxidation behavior of GR/β-CD composite toward DA. 26453877 1 56 theme graphite 245:252 arg1 composite 264:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite 220:272 β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time 220:291 A simple dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor was developed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped graphite (GR/β-CD) composite for the first time. 25448565 7 0 theme same 1163:1166 arg1 composition 1168:1178 the same composition 1159:1178 the same composition 1159:1178 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 1 1 theme gels 286:289 arg1 characterization 266:281 textural characterization 257:281 textural characterization of gels 257:289 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 3 2 theme optimum 585:591 arg1 concentration 597:609 The optimum gel concentration 581:609 The optimum gel concentration for fiber formation 581:629 The optimum gel concentration for fiber formation was given to 50% w/w. 25448565 9 3 theme values 1469:1474 arg1 decrease 1443:1450 the decrease 1439:1450 the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values 1439:1474 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 6 4 theme time 931:934 arg1 Hardness 885:892 Hardness 885:892 Hardness 885:892 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 6 4 theme time 931:934 arg1 values 936:941 in vitro disintegration time values 907:941 in vitro disintegration time values 907:941 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 7 5 theme physical 1139:1146 arg1 mixture 1148:1154 the compressed physical mixture 1124:1154 the compressed physical mixture of the same composition 1124:1178 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 1 6 theme cellulose 199:207 arg1 fibers 209:214 rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 173:214 rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 173:214 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 8 7 theme drug 1234:1237 arg1 dissolution 1239:1249 the drug dissolution 1230:1249 the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula 1230:1279 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 8 7 theme drug 1234:1237 arg1 independent 1292:1302 independent 1292:1302 independent 1292:1302 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 4 8 theme model 699:703 arg1 drug 705:708 a model drug 697:708 a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 697:765 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 3 9 theme fiber 615:619 arg1 formation 621:629 fiber formation 615:629 fiber formation 615:629 The optimum gel concentration for fiber formation was given to 50% w/w. 25448565 4 10 theme loaded 658:663 arg1 microfibers 665:675 Drug loaded microfibers 653:675 Drug loaded microfibers 653:675 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 0 11 theme dissolution 124:134 arg1 enhancement 136:146 in vitro dissolution enhancement 115:146 in vitro dissolution enhancement 115:146 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 8 12 theme based 1267:1271 arg1 formula 1273:1279 microfiber based formula 1256:1279 microfiber based formula 1256:1279 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 8 13 theme media 1329:1333 arg1 value 1316:1320 the pH value 1309:1320 the pH value of the media 1309:1333 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 9 14 theme o-Ps 1455:1458 arg1 values 1469:1474 o-Ps lifetime values 1455:1474 o-Ps lifetime values 1455:1474 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 4 15 theme system 751:756 arg1 class 758:762 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 7 16 theme dissolution 1049:1059 arg1 media 1061:1065 three distinct dissolution media 1034:1065 three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) 1034:1084 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 1 17 theme Preformulation 149:162 arg1 study 164:168 Preformulation study 149:168 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 149:214 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 0 18 theme drug-loaded 59:69 arg1 tablets 103:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets 59:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement 59:146 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 1 19 theme microscopic 344:354 arg1 evaluation 356:365 optical microscopic evaluation 336:365 optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers 336:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 8 20 from value 1316:1320 arg1 dissolution 1239:1249 the drug dissolution 1230:1249 the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula 1230:1279 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 8 20 from value 1316:1320 arg1 independent 1292:1302 independent 1292:1302 independent 1292:1302 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 2 21 theme adhesiveness 518:529 arg1 values 531:536 high adhesiveness values 513:536 high adhesiveness values 513:536 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 2 22 from concentration 454:466 arg1 formation 427:435 bead formation 422:435 bead formation at lower polymer concentration 422:466 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 4 23 theme drug 731:734 arg1 class 758:762 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 0 24 theme based 82:86 arg1 tablets 103:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets 59:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement 59:146 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 9 25 theme X-ray 1336:1340 arg1 patterns 1354:1361 X-ray diffraction patterns 1336:1361 X-ray diffraction patterns 1336:1361 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 1 26 theme spun 180:183 arg1 fibers 209:214 rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 173:214 rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 173:214 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 2 27 theme polymer 564:570 arg1 content 572:578 high polymer content 559:578 high polymer content 559:578 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 0 28 theme tablets 103:109 arg1 formulation 44:54 formulation 44:54 formulation 44:54 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 0 28 theme tablets 103:109 arg1 formation 30:38 fiber formation 24:38 fiber formation 24:38 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 1 29 theme fibers 377:382 arg1 fibers 377:382 formed fibers 370:382 formed fibers 370:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 1 29 theme fibers 377:382 arg1 evaluation 356:365 optical microscopic evaluation 336:365 optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers 336:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 1 29 theme fibers 377:382 arg1 % 326:326 42-60% 321:326 42-60% w/w 321:330 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 7 30 theme dissolution 999:1009 arg1 profiles 1011:1018 In vitro dissolution profiles 990:1018 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) 990:1084 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 0 31 dep in 115:116 arg1 vitro 118:122 vitro 118:122 vitro 118:122 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 9 32 theme fibrous 1549:1555 arg1 system 1557:1562 a more ordered fibrous system 1534:1562 a more ordered fibrous system 1534:1562 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 7 33 dep pH 1068:1069 arg1 6.8 1081:1083 6.8 1081:1083 6.8 1081:1083 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 7 33 dep pH 1068:1069 arg1 4.5 1076:1078 4.5 1076:1078 4.5 1076:1078 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 2 34 theme bead 422:425 arg1 formation 427:435 bead formation 422:435 bead formation at lower polymer concentration 422:466 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 0 35 theme in 115:116 arg1 enhancement 136:146 in vitro dissolution enhancement 115:146 in vitro dissolution enhancement 115:146 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 9 36 from microfibers 1399:1409 arg1 embedded 1387:1394 embedded 1387:1394 embedded 1387:1394 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 7 37 theme In 990:991 arg1 profiles 1011:1018 In vitro dissolution profiles 990:1018 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) 990:1084 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 2 38 theme fiber 479:483 arg1 formation 485:493 meanwhile fiber formation 469:493 meanwhile fiber formation 469:493 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 8 39 from formula 1273:1279 arg1 dissolution 1239:1249 the drug dissolution 1230:1249 the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula 1230:1279 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 8 39 from formula 1273:1279 arg1 independent 1292:1302 independent 1292:1302 independent 1292:1302 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 0 40 theme Preformulation 0:13 arg1 study 15:19 Preformulation study 0:19 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 0:147 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 1 41 theme concentration 298:310 arg1 range 312:316 the concentration range 294:316 the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers 294:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 9 42 from embedded 1387:1394 arg1 microfibers 1399:1409 microfibers 1399:1409 microfibers 1399:1409 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 2 43 theme polymer 446:452 arg1 concentration 454:466 lower polymer concentration 440:466 lower polymer concentration 440:466 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 6 44 theme in 907:908 arg1 Hardness 885:892 Hardness 885:892 Hardness 885:892 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 6 44 theme in 907:908 arg1 values 936:941 in vitro disintegration time values 907:941 in vitro disintegration time values 907:941 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 7 45 dep media 1061:1065 arg1 pH 1068:1069 pH 1.0 1068:1073 pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8 1068:1083 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 0 46 theme formation 30:38 arg1 study 15:19 Preformulation study 0:19 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 0:147 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 1 47 theme % 326:326 arg1 range 312:316 the concentration range 294:316 the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers 294:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 5 48 theme tableting 810:818 arg1 excipients 820:829 tableting excipients 810:829 tableting excipients 810:829 Fibers were milled, sieved and mixed with tableting excipients in order to directly compress orodispersible tablets. 25448565 0 49 theme formulation 44:54 arg1 study 15:19 Preformulation study 0:19 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 0:147 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 9 50 theme amorphous 1418:1426 arg1 state 1428:1432 amorphous state 1418:1432 amorphous state 1418:1432 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 2 51 theme adhesiveness 390:401 arg1 values 403:408 High adhesiveness values 385:408 High adhesiveness values 385:408 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 1 52 theme textural 257:264 arg1 characterization 266:281 textural characterization 257:281 textural characterization of gels 257:289 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 6 53 theme pharmacopoeial 961:974 arg1 requirements 976:987 the pharmacopoeial requirements 957:987 the pharmacopoeial requirements 957:987 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 9 54 theme lifetime 1460:1467 arg1 values 1469:1474 o-Ps lifetime values 1455:1474 o-Ps lifetime values 1455:1474 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 8 55 theme similarity 1196:1205 arg1 factors 1207:1213 similarity factors 1196:1213 similarity factors 1196:1213 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 7 56 theme compressed 1128:1137 arg1 mixture 1148:1154 the compressed physical mixture 1124:1154 the compressed physical mixture of the same composition 1124:1178 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 9 57 theme fiber 1491:1495 arg1 formation 1497:1505 fiber formation 1491:1505 fiber formation 1491:1505 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 1 58 theme hydroxypropyl 185:197 arg1 fibers 209:214 rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 173:214 rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 173:214 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 6 59 theme disintegration 916:929 arg1 Hardness 885:892 Hardness 885:892 Hardness 885:892 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 6 59 theme disintegration 916:929 arg1 values 936:941 in vitro disintegration time values 907:941 in vitro disintegration time values 907:941 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 1 60 theme fibers 209:214 arg1 study 164:168 Preformulation study 149:168 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers 149:214 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 3 61 theme gel 593:595 arg1 concentration 597:609 The optimum gel concentration 581:609 The optimum gel concentration for fiber formation 581:629 The optimum gel concentration for fiber formation was given to 50% w/w. 25448565 5 62 theme orodispersible 861:874 arg1 tablets 876:882 orodispersible tablets 861:882 orodispersible tablets 861:882 Fibers were milled, sieved and mixed with tableting excipients in order to directly compress orodispersible tablets. 25448565 8 63 theme pH 1313:1314 arg1 value 1316:1320 the pH value 1309:1320 the pH value of the media 1309:1333 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 8 64 theme microfiber 1256:1265 arg1 formula 1273:1279 microfiber based formula 1256:1279 microfiber based formula 1256:1279 Difference and similarity factors confirmed that the drug dissolution from microfiber based formula was almost independent from the pH value of the media. 25448565 9 65 theme diffraction 1342:1352 arg1 patterns 1354:1361 X-ray diffraction patterns 1336:1361 X-ray diffraction patterns 1336:1361 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 4 66 theme classification 736:749 arg1 class 758:762 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 9 67 theme ordered 1541:1547 arg1 system 1557:1562 a more ordered fibrous system 1534:1562 a more ordered fibrous system 1534:1562 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 4 68 theme class 758:762 arg1 drug 705:708 a model drug 697:708 a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 697:765 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 0 69 theme microfiber 71:80 arg1 tablets 103:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets 59:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement 59:146 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 9 70 theme system 1557:1562 arg1 development 1519:1529 the development 1515:1529 the development of a more ordered fibrous system 1515:1562 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 0 71 theme orodispersible 88:101 arg1 tablets 103:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets 59:109 drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement 59:146 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 1 72 theme evaluation 356:365 arg1 range 312:316 the concentration range 294:316 the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers 294:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 7 73 theme distinct 1040:1047 arg1 media 1061:1065 three distinct dissolution media 1034:1065 three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) 1034:1084 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 2 74 theme high 513:516 arg1 values 531:536 high adhesiveness values 513:536 high adhesiveness values 513:536 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 4 75 theme biopharmaceutical 713:729 arg1 class 758:762 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II 713:765 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 7 76 dep In 990:991 arg1 vitro 993:997 vitro 993:997 vitro 993:997 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 1 77 theme formed 370:375 arg1 fibers 377:382 formed fibers 370:382 formed fibers 370:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 2 78 theme high 559:562 arg1 content 572:578 high polymer content 559:578 high polymer content 559:578 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 1 79 dep % 326:326 arg1 w/w 328:330 w/w 328:330 42-60% w/w 321:330 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 2 80 theme meanwhile 469:477 arg1 formation 485:493 meanwhile fiber formation 469:493 meanwhile fiber formation 469:493 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 1 81 dep spun 180:183 arg1 rotary 173:178 rotary 173:178 rotary 173:178 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 0 82 theme fiber 24:28 arg1 formation 30:38 fiber formation 24:38 fiber formation 24:38 Preformulation study of fiber formation and formulation of drug-loaded microfiber based orodispersible tablets for in vitro dissolution enhancement. 25448565 9 83 theme embedded 1387:1394 arg1 drug 1382:1385 the drug 1378:1385 the drug embedded in microfibers 1378:1409 X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the drug embedded in microfibers was in amorphous state, and the decrease of o-Ps lifetime values suggested that fiber formation enabled the development of a more ordered fibrous system. 25448565 2 84 theme lower 440:444 arg1 concentration 454:466 lower polymer concentration 440:466 lower polymer concentration 440:466 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 7 85 theme composition 1168:1178 arg1 mixture 1148:1154 the compressed physical mixture 1124:1154 the compressed physical mixture of the same composition 1124:1178 In vitro dissolution profiles obtained from three distinct dissolution media (pH 1.0; 4.5; 6.8) were quite differentiated compared to the compressed physical mixture of the same composition. 25448565 4 86 dep loaded 658:663 arg1 Drug 653:656 Drug 653:656 Drug 653:656 Drug loaded microfibers were prepared using a model drug of biopharmaceutical drug classification system class II. 25448565 6 87 dep in 907:908 arg1 vitro 910:914 vitro 910:914 vitro 910:914 Hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time values complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. 25448565 1 88 theme optical 336:342 arg1 evaluation 356:365 optical microscopic evaluation 336:365 optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers 336:382 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 25448565 2 89 theme High 385:388 arg1 values 403:408 High adhesiveness values 385:408 High adhesiveness values 385:408 High adhesiveness values resulted in bead formation at lower polymer concentration, meanwhile fiber formation was hindered when high adhesiveness values were associated with high polymer content. 25448565 1 90 theme characterization 266:281 arg1 combination 242:252 the combination 238:252 the combination of textural characterization of gels 238:289 Preformulation study of rotary spun hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers was carried out using the combination of textural characterization of gels in the concentration range of 42-60% w/w and optical microscopic evaluation of formed fibers. 26961813 11 0 theme useful 1324:1329 arg1 identification 1257:1270 identification 1257:1270 identification 1257:1270 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 0 theme useful 1324:1329 arg1 tool 1357:1360 a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool 1322:1360 a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications 1322:1424 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 0 theme useful 1324:1329 arg1 quantification 1276:1289 quantification 1276:1289 quantification 1276:1289 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 4 1 theme amount 506:511 arg1 determination 486:498 the determination 482:498 the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma 482:543 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 1 2 theme units 154:158 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 107:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide 98:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 98:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 1 2 theme units 154:158 arg1 sulfate 82:88 Chondroitin sulfate 70:88 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 70:93 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 4 3 used used 578:581 arg2 DBS 564:566 DBS 564:566 DBS 564:566 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 4 3 used used 578:581 arg2 spot 558:561 dried blood spot 546:561 dried blood spot (DBS) 546:567 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 1 4 theme galactosamine 233:245 arg1 C4 217:218 C4 217:218 C4 217:218 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 5 5 theme laboratory 621:630 arg1 methods 632:638 other laboratory methods 615:638 other laboratory methods 615:638 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 9 6 theme plasma 1061:1066 arg1 CS 1068:1069 plasma CS 1061:1069 plasma CS owing to the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6 1061:1134 CS from DBS differs from plasma CS owing to the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6. 26961813 2 7 theme biological 342:351 arg1 activities 371:380 intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 331:380 intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 331:380 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 10 8 theme cellular 1208:1215 arg1 fraction 1217:1224 blood cellular fraction 1202:1224 blood cellular fraction 1202:1224 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 9 9 theme high 1084:1087 arg1 content 1089:1095 the high content 1080:1095 the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6 1080:1134 CS from DBS differs from plasma CS owing to the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6. 26961813 11 10 theme pathological 1365:1376 arg1 conditions 1378:1387 pathological conditions 1365:1387 pathological conditions 1365:1387 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 4 11 theme composition 517:527 arg1 determination 486:498 the determination 482:498 the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma 482:543 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 11 12 theme blood 1300:1304 arg1 plasma 1306:1311 blood plasma 1300:1311 blood plasma 1300:1311 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 2 13 theme various 276:282 arg1 processes 305:313 various (patho)physiological processes 276:313 various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 276:380 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 10 14 theme blood 1202:1206 arg1 fraction 1217:1224 blood cellular fraction 1202:1224 blood cellular fraction 1202:1224 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 11 15 theme pharmacological 1397:1411 arg1 applications 1413:1424 pharmacological applications 1397:1424 pharmacological applications 1397:1424 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 5 16 theme large-scale 654:664 arg1 screening 677:685 large-scale population screening 654:685 large-scale population screening 654:685 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 5 17 theme many 594:597 arg1 advantages 599:608 many advantages 594:608 many advantages 594:608 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 7 18 theme complex 846:852 arg1 characterization 869:884 complex polysaccharide characterization 846:884 complex polysaccharide characterization 846:884 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 6 19 used used 722:725 arg2 techniques 704:713 Many analytical techniques 688:713 Many analytical techniques 688:713 Many analytical techniques may be used for the determination of CS. 26961813 1 20 theme Chondroitin 70:80 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 107:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide 98:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 98:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 1 20 theme Chondroitin 70:80 arg1 CS 91:92 CS 91:92 CS 91:92 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 1 20 theme Chondroitin 70:80 arg1 sulfate 82:88 Chondroitin sulfate 70:88 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 70:93 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 7 21 theme polysaccharide 854:867 arg1 characterization 869:884 complex polysaccharide characterization 846:884 complex polysaccharide characterization 846:884 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 1 22 theme sulfate 168:174 arg1 groups 176:181 sulfate groups 168:181 sulfate groups 168:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 0 23 from Sulfate 45:51 arg1 Plasma 62:67 Human Plasma 56:67 Human Plasma 56:67 Analytical Methods for Assessing Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Plasma. 26961813 5 24 theme other 615:619 arg1 methods 632:638 other laboratory methods 615:638 other laboratory methods 615:638 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 1 25 from heteropolysaccharide 107:126 arg1 positions 194:202 various positions 186:202 various positions 186:202 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 2 26 theme important 257:265 arg1 roles 267:271 important roles 257:271 important roles 257:271 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 10 27 theme particular 1230:1239 arg1 leukocytes 1241:1250 particular leukocytes 1230:1250 particular leukocytes 1230:1250 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 4 28 from determination 486:498 arg1 blood/plasma 532:543 blood/plasma 532:543 blood/plasma 532:543 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 2 29 theme physiological 291:303 arg1 processes 305:313 various (patho)physiological processes 276:313 various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 276:380 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 6 30 theme analytical 693:702 arg1 techniques 704:713 Many analytical techniques 688:713 Many analytical techniques 688:713 Many analytical techniques may be used for the determination of CS. 26961813 5 31 contain have 589:592 arg2 advantages 599:608 many advantages 594:608 many advantages 594:608 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 5 31 contain have 589:592 arg1 DBSs 584:587 DBSs 584:587 DBSs 584:587 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 0 32 theme Analytical 0:9 arg1 Methods 11:17 Analytical Methods 0:17 Analytical Methods for Assessing Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Plasma. 0:68 Analytical Methods for Assessing Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Plasma. 26961813 8 33 theme laser-induced 999:1011 arg1 detector 1026:1033 the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector 978:1033 the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector 978:1033 In this work, we compared CS levels between plasma and DBS samples, using CE equipped with the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector. 26961813 6 34 theme Many 688:691 arg1 techniques 704:713 Many analytical techniques 688:713 Many analytical techniques 688:713 Many analytical techniques may be used for the determination of CS. 26961813 1 35 theme various 186:192 arg1 positions 194:202 various positions 186:202 various positions 186:202 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 11 36 from identification 1257:1270 arg1 plasma 1306:1311 blood plasma 1300:1311 blood plasma 1300:1311 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 10 37 from due 1145:1147 arg1 leukocytes 1241:1250 particular leukocytes 1230:1250 particular leukocytes 1230:1250 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 8 38 theme sensitive 989:997 arg1 detector 1026:1033 the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector 978:1033 the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector 978:1033 In this work, we compared CS levels between plasma and DBS samples, using CE equipped with the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector. 26961813 2 39 theme patho 285:289 arg1 processes 305:313 various (patho)physiological processes 276:313 various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 276:380 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 7 40 theme separation 821:830 arg1 CE 771:772 CE 771:772 CE 771:772 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 7 40 theme separation 821:830 arg1 technique 832:840 a very attractive alternative separation technique 791:840 a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization 791:884 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 3 41 theme Plasmatic 383:391 arg1 CS 393:394 Plasmatic CS 383:394 Plasmatic CS 383:394 Plasmatic CS is mainly composed of nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides. 26961813 11 42 from tool 1357:1360 arg1 conditions 1378:1387 pathological conditions 1365:1387 pathological conditions 1365:1387 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 7 43 theme attractive 798:807 arg1 CE 771:772 CE 771:772 CE 771:772 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 7 43 theme attractive 798:807 arg1 technique 832:840 a very attractive alternative separation technique 791:840 a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization 791:884 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 7 44 theme alternative 809:819 arg1 CE 771:772 CE 771:772 CE 771:772 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 7 44 theme alternative 809:819 arg1 technique 832:840 a very attractive alternative separation technique 791:840 a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization 791:884 In particular, CE has proved to be a very attractive alternative separation technique for complex polysaccharide characterization. 26961813 11 45 from quantification 1276:1289 arg1 plasma 1306:1311 blood plasma 1300:1311 blood plasma 1300:1311 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 3 46 theme 4-sulfated 434:443 arg1 disaccharides 445:457 nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides 418:457 nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides 418:457 Plasmatic CS is mainly composed of nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides. 26961813 0 47 theme Chondroitin 33:43 arg1 Sulfate 45:51 Chondroitin Sulfate 33:51 Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Plasma 33:67 Analytical Methods for Assessing Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Plasma. 26961813 3 48 theme nonsulfated 418:428 arg1 disaccharides 445:457 nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides 418:457 nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides 418:457 Plasmatic CS is mainly composed of nonsulfated and 4-sulfated disaccharides. 26961813 9 49 theme disaccharides 1100:1112 arg1 content 1089:1095 the high content 1080:1095 the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6 1080:1134 CS from DBS differs from plasma CS owing to the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6. 26961813 5 50 theme population 666:675 arg1 screening 677:685 large-scale population screening 654:685 large-scale population screening 654:685 DBSs have many advantages over other laboratory methods, allowing for large-scale population screening. 26961813 0 51 theme Human 56:60 arg1 Plasma 62:67 Human Plasma 56:67 Human Plasma 56:67 Analytical Methods for Assessing Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Plasma. 26961813 1 52 from C6 227:228 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 107:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide 98:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 98:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 1 52 from C6 227:228 arg1 sulfate 82:88 Chondroitin sulfate 70:88 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 70:93 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 4 53 theme CS 503:504 arg1 amount 506:511 CS amount 503:511 CS amount 503:511 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 2 54 theme intriguing 331:340 arg1 activities 371:380 intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 331:380 intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 331:380 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 4 55 theme blood 552:556 arg1 DBS 564:566 DBS 564:566 DBS 564:566 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 4 55 theme blood 552:556 arg1 spot 558:561 dried blood spot 546:561 dried blood spot (DBS) 546:567 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 11 56 dep useful 1324:1329 arg1 prognostic 1331:1340 prognostic 1331:1340 prognostic 1331:1340 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 10 57 attach derived 1189:1195 arg1 fraction 1217:1224 blood cellular fraction 1202:1224 blood cellular fraction 1202:1224 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 10 57 attach derived 1189:1195 arg2 CS 1186:1187 the more sulfated CS 1168:1187 the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction 1168:1224 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 10 58 from leukocytes 1241:1250 arg1 due 1145:1147 due 1145:1147 due 1145:1147 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 6 59 theme CS 752:753 arg1 determination 735:747 the determination 731:747 the determination of CS 731:753 Many analytical techniques may be used for the determination of CS. 26961813 1 60 theme linear 100:105 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 107:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide 98:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 98:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 1 60 theme linear 100:105 arg1 sulfate 82:88 Chondroitin sulfate 70:88 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 70:93 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 8 61 theme CS 913:914 arg1 levels 916:921 CS levels 913:921 CS levels between plasma and DBS samples 913:952 In this work, we compared CS levels between plasma and DBS samples, using CE equipped with the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector. 26961813 4 62 theme dried 546:550 arg1 DBS 564:566 DBS 564:566 DBS 564:566 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 4 62 theme dried 546:550 arg1 spot 558:561 dried blood spot 546:561 dried blood spot (DBS) 546:567 To obtain samples for the determination of CS amount and composition in blood/plasma, dried blood spot (DBS) could be used. 26961813 1 63 from C4 217:218 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 107:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide 98:126 a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 98:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 1 63 from C4 217:218 arg1 sulfate 82:88 Chondroitin sulfate 70:88 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 70:93 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 11 64 dep identification 1257:1270 arg1 The 1253:1255 The 1253:1255 The 1253:1255 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 9 65 from DBS 1044:1046 arg1 CS 1036:1037 CS 1036:1037 CS from DBS 1036:1046 CS from DBS differs from plasma CS owing to the high content of disaccharides sulfated in C4 and C6. 26961813 1 66 theme disaccharide 141:152 arg1 units 154:158 repeating disaccharide units 131:158 repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 131:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 10 67 theme CS 1186:1187 arg1 presence 1156:1163 the presence 1152:1163 the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction 1152:1224 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 1 68 theme repeating 131:139 arg1 units 154:158 repeating disaccharide units 131:158 repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups 131:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units bearing sulfate groups in various positions, commonly at C4 and/or C6 of galactosamine. 26961813 10 69 theme sulfated 1177:1184 arg1 CS 1186:1187 the more sulfated CS 1168:1187 the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction 1168:1224 This is due to the presence of the more sulfated CS derived from blood cellular fraction, in particular leukocytes. 26961813 8 70 theme fluorescence 1013:1024 arg1 detector 1026:1033 the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector 978:1033 the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector 978:1033 In this work, we compared CS levels between plasma and DBS samples, using CE equipped with the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector. 26961813 11 71 theme diagnostic 1346:1355 arg1 identification 1257:1270 identification 1257:1270 identification 1257:1270 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 71 theme diagnostic 1346:1355 arg1 tool 1357:1360 a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool 1322:1360 a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications 1322:1424 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 71 theme diagnostic 1346:1355 arg1 quantification 1276:1289 quantification 1276:1289 quantification 1276:1289 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 72 theme CS 1294:1295 arg1 identification 1257:1270 identification 1257:1270 identification 1257:1270 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 72 theme CS 1294:1295 arg1 tool 1357:1360 a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool 1322:1360 a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications 1322:1424 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 11 72 theme CS 1294:1295 arg1 quantification 1276:1289 quantification 1276:1289 quantification 1276:1289 The identification and quantification of CS in blood plasma could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in pathological conditions and for pharmacological applications. 26961813 2 73 theme therapeutical 357:369 arg1 activities 371:380 intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 331:380 intriguing biological and therapeutical activities 331:380 CS plays important roles in various (patho)physiological processes also performing intriguing biological and therapeutical activities. 26961813 8 74 dep plasma 931:936 arg1 samples 946:952 samples 946:952 samples 946:952 In this work, we compared CS levels between plasma and DBS samples, using CE equipped with the highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector. 24462847 0 0 theme Candida 75:81 arg1 species 83:89 some Candida species 70:89 some Candida species 70:89 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 4 1 theme wall 882:885 arg1 alterations 887:897 severe cell wall alterations 870:897 severe cell wall alterations 870:897 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 2 2 theme albicans 565:572 arg1 species 524:530 Candida species 516:530 Candida species 516:530 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 2 2 theme albicans 565:572 arg1 isolates 545:552 clinical isolates 536:552 clinical isolates 536:552 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 2 3 theme 8-512 495:499 arg1 activity 481:488 a high fungistatic activity 462:488 a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics 462:628 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 2 3 theme 8-512 495:499 arg1 μg/ml 501:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 1 4 theme deacetylation 341:353 arg1 degree 331:336 degree 331:336 degree 331:336 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 1 4 theme deacetylation 341:353 arg1 polydispersity 312:325 polydispersity 312:325 polydispersity 312:325 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 1 4 theme deacetylation 341:353 arg1 weight 304:309 their molecular weight 288:309 their molecular weight 288:309 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 4 5 theme cell 877:880 arg1 alterations 887:897 severe cell wall alterations 870:897 severe cell wall alterations 870:897 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 2 6 theme clinical 536:543 arg1 isolates 545:552 clinical isolates 536:552 clinical isolates 536:552 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 1 7 theme chitosan 258:265 arg1 hydrolysis 244:253 acidic hydrolysis 237:253 acidic hydrolysis of chitosan 237:265 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 3 8 theme fungicidal 698:707 arg1 activity 709:716 a high fungicidal activity 691:716 a high fungicidal activity 691:716 Flow cytometry analysis showed that oligochitosan possessed a high fungicidal activity as well. 24462847 4 9 theme oligochitosan 777:789 arg1 concentration 791:803 even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration 764:803 even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration 764:803 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 3 10 contain possessed 681:689 arg2 activity 709:716 a high fungicidal activity 691:716 a high fungicidal activity 691:716 Flow cytometry analysis showed that oligochitosan possessed a high fungicidal activity as well. 24462847 3 10 contain possessed 681:689 arg1 oligochitosan 667:679 oligochitosan 667:679 oligochitosan 667:679 Flow cytometry analysis showed that oligochitosan possessed a high fungicidal activity as well. 24462847 0 11 theme clinical 95:102 arg1 isolates 104:111 clinical isolates 95:111 clinical isolates of Candida albicans 95:131 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 2 12 theme MIC 491:493 arg1 activity 481:488 a high fungistatic activity 462:488 a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics 462:628 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 2 12 theme MIC 491:493 arg1 μg/ml 501:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 4 13 theme sub-MIC 769:775 arg1 concentration 791:803 even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration 764:803 even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration 764:803 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 2 14 theme high 464:467 arg1 activity 481:488 a high fungistatic activity 462:488 a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics 462:628 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 2 14 theme high 464:467 arg1 μg/ml 501:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 1 15 theme molecular 294:302 arg1 weight 304:309 their molecular weight 288:309 their molecular weight 288:309 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 2 16 theme antibiotics 618:628 arg1 series 600:605 a series 598:605 a series of classic antibiotics 598:628 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 5 17 from alternative/additive 1014:1033 arg1 compositions 1080:1091 pharmaceutical compositions 1065:1091 pharmaceutical compositions 1065:1091 These results indicate that oligochitosan should be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions. 24462847 0 18 theme Antifungal 0:9 arg1 activity 11:18 Antifungal activity 0:18 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 0:172 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 2 19 theme classic 610:616 arg1 antibiotics 618:628 classic antibiotics 610:628 classic antibiotics 610:628 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 1 20 theme oligochitosans 186:199 arg1 series 176:181 A series 174:181 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation 174:353 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 0 21 theme oligochitosans 23:36 arg1 activity 11:18 Antifungal activity 0:18 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 0:172 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 0 22 theme Candida 116:122 arg1 albicans 124:131 Candida albicans 116:131 Candida albicans 116:131 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 5 23 theme pharmaceutical 1065:1078 arg1 compositions 1080:1091 pharmaceutical compositions 1065:1091 pharmaceutical compositions 1065:1091 These results indicate that oligochitosan should be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions. 24462847 5 24 theme anti-yeast 1044:1053 arg1 agents 1055:1060 known anti-yeast agents 1038:1060 known anti-yeast agents 1038:1060 These results indicate that oligochitosan should be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions. 24462847 4 25 theme severe 870:875 arg1 alterations 887:897 severe cell wall alterations 870:897 severe cell wall alterations 870:897 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 2 26 theme Candida 557:563 arg1 albicans 565:572 Candida albicans 557:572 Candida albicans 557:572 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 1 27 theme anticandidal 384:395 arg1 activities 397:406 their anticandidal activities 378:406 their anticandidal activities 378:406 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 1 28 theme short 202:206 arg1 oligochitosans 186:199 oligochitosans 186:199 oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation 186:353 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 1 28 theme short 202:206 arg1 chitosans 214:222 short chain chitosans 202:222 short chain chitosans 202:222 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 0 29 theme short 39:43 arg1 oligochitosans 23:36 oligochitosans 23:36 oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) 23:60 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 0 29 theme short 39:43 arg1 chitosans 51:59 short chain chitosans 39:59 short chain chitosans 39:59 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 1 30 used used 360:363 arg2 series 176:181 A series 174:181 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation 174:353 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 4 31 dep C. 833:834 arg1 albicans 836:843 albicans 836:843 albicans 836:843 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 4 32 theme C. 833:834 arg1 structures 852:861 C. albicans hyphal structures 833:861 C. albicans hyphal structures 833:861 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 1 33 theme chain 208:212 arg1 oligochitosans 186:199 oligochitosans 186:199 oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation 186:353 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 1 33 theme chain 208:212 arg1 chitosans 214:222 short chain chitosans 202:222 short chain chitosans 202:222 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 0 34 theme albicans 124:131 arg1 species 83:89 some Candida species 70:89 some Candida species 70:89 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 0 34 theme albicans 124:131 arg1 isolates 104:111 clinical isolates 95:111 clinical isolates of Candida albicans 95:131 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 3 35 theme cytometry 636:644 arg1 analysis 646:653 Flow cytometry analysis 631:653 Flow cytometry analysis 631:653 Flow cytometry analysis showed that oligochitosan possessed a high fungicidal activity as well. 24462847 1 36 dep oligochitosans 186:199 arg1 characterized 271:283 characterized 271:283 characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation 271:353 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 1 36 dep oligochitosans 186:199 arg1 prepared 225:232 prepared 225:232 prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan 225:265 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 24462847 2 37 theme Candida 516:522 arg1 species 524:530 Candida species 516:530 Candida species 516:530 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 0 38 theme weight-activity 144:158 arg1 relationship 160:171 molecular weight-activity relationship 134:171 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 0:172 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 4 39 theme hyphal 845:850 arg1 structures 852:861 C. albicans hyphal structures 833:861 C. albicans hyphal structures 833:861 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 0 40 theme chain 45:49 arg1 oligochitosans 23:36 oligochitosans 23:36 oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) 23:60 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 0 40 theme chain 45:49 arg1 chitosans 51:59 short chain chitosans 39:59 short chain chitosans 39:59 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 0 41 theme molecular 134:142 arg1 relationship 160:171 molecular weight-activity relationship 134:171 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 0:172 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 2 42 theme fungistatic 469:479 arg1 activity 481:488 a high fungistatic activity 462:488 a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics 462:628 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 2 42 theme fungistatic 469:479 arg1 μg/ml 501:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 MIC 8-512 μg/ml 491:505 This study has demonstrated that oligochitosans show a high fungistatic activity (MIC 8-512 μg/ml) against Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which are resistant to a series of classic antibiotics. 24462847 4 43 theme structures 852:861 arg1 formation 820:828 the formation 816:828 the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures 816:861 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 4 44 theme cell 921:924 arg1 structure 926:934 internal cell structure 912:934 internal cell structure 912:934 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 3 45 theme high 693:696 arg1 activity 709:716 a high fungicidal activity 691:716 a high fungicidal activity 691:716 Flow cytometry analysis showed that oligochitosan possessed a high fungicidal activity as well. 24462847 5 46 theme possible 1005:1012 arg1 oligochitosan 965:977 oligochitosan 965:977 oligochitosan 965:977 These results indicate that oligochitosan should be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions. 24462847 5 46 theme possible 1005:1012 arg1 alternative/additive 1014:1033 a possible alternative/additive 1003:1033 a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions 1003:1091 These results indicate that oligochitosan should be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions. 24462847 4 47 theme first 735:739 arg1 time 741:744 the first time 731:744 the first time 731:744 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 4 48 theme internal 912:919 arg1 structure 926:934 internal cell structure 912:934 internal cell structure 912:934 For the first time it was shown that even sub-MIC oligochitosan concentration suppressed the formation of C. albicans hyphal structures, cause severe cell wall alterations, and altered internal cell structure. 24462847 3 49 theme Flow 631:634 arg1 analysis 646:653 Flow cytometry analysis 631:653 Flow cytometry analysis 631:653 Flow cytometry analysis showed that oligochitosan possessed a high fungicidal activity as well. 24462847 0 50 dep activity 11:18 arg1 relationship 160:171 molecular weight-activity relationship 134:171 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 0:172 Antifungal activity of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) against some Candida species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans: molecular weight-activity relationship. 24462847 5 51 theme known 1038:1042 arg1 agents 1055:1060 known anti-yeast agents 1038:1060 known anti-yeast agents 1038:1060 These results indicate that oligochitosan should be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known anti-yeast agents in pharmaceutical compositions. 24462847 1 52 theme acidic 237:242 arg1 hydrolysis 244:253 acidic hydrolysis 237:253 acidic hydrolysis of chitosan 237:265 A series of oligochitosans (short chain chitosans) prepared by acidic hydrolysis of chitosan and characterized by their molecular weight, polydispersity and degree of deacetylation were used to determine their anticandidal activities. 28445759 3 0 theme quantitative 461:472 arg1 understanding 474:486 a fundamental and quantitative understanding 443:486 a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions 443:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 4 1 theme pore 799:802 arg1 nucleation 804:813 rate-dependent pore nucleation 784:813 rate-dependent pore nucleation 784:813 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 3 2 theme vesicle 609:615 arg1 dynamics 617:624 vesicle dynamics 609:624 vesicle dynamics 609:624 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 3 3 theme behavior 515:522 arg1 understanding 474:486 a fundamental and quantitative understanding 443:486 a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions 443:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 5 4 dep dynamics 942:949 arg1 the 928:930 the 928:930 the 928:930 We further extract constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales. 28445759 2 5 theme Recent 139:144 arg1 studies 159:165 Recent experimental studies 139:165 Recent experimental studies 139:165 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 5 6 theme multiple 975:982 arg1 timescales 984:993 multiple timescales 975:993 multiple timescales 975:993 We further extract constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales. 28445759 3 7 theme fundamental 445:455 arg1 understanding 474:486 a fundamental and quantitative understanding 443:486 a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions 443:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 6 8 theme nonequilibrium 1102:1115 arg1 dynamics 1117:1124 the nonequilibrium dynamics 1098:1124 the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress 1098:1157 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 1 9 theme lipid 63:67 arg1 bilayers 69:76 lipid bilayers 63:76 lipid bilayers 63:76 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 5 10 theme GUV 955:957 arg1 properties 959:968 GUV properties 955:968 GUV properties 955:968 We further extract constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales. 28445759 5 11 theme constitutional 883:896 arg1 relationships 906:918 constitutional scaling relationships 883:918 constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales 883:993 We further extract constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales. 28445759 1 12 theme bilayers 69:76 arg1 part 112:115 an important part 99:115 an important part of cellular function 99:136 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 1 12 theme bilayers 69:76 arg1 response 51:58 The response 47:58 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress 47:94 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 5 13 theme scaling 898:904 arg1 relationships 906:918 constitutional scaling relationships 883:918 constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales 883:993 We further extract constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales. 28445759 0 14 theme Lipid 10:14 arg1 Vesicles 16:23 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles 0:23 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles 0:23 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles under Osmotic Stress. 28445759 6 15 theme osmotic 1144:1150 arg1 stress 1152:1157 osmotic stress 1144:1157 osmotic stress 1144:1157 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 3 16 theme hypotonic 538:546 arg1 conditions 548:557 hypotonic conditions 538:557 hypotonic conditions 538:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 2 17 theme events 356:361 arg1 sequence 322:329 a cyclical sequence 311:329 a cyclical sequence 311:329 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 0 18 theme Pulsatile 0:8 arg1 Vesicles 16:23 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles 0:23 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles 0:23 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles under Osmotic Stress. 28445759 2 19 theme osmotic 281:287 arg1 assault 289:295 the osmotic assault 277:295 the osmotic assault 277:295 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 4 20 theme rate-dependent 784:797 arg1 nucleation 804:813 rate-dependent pore nucleation 784:813 rate-dependent pore nucleation 784:813 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 2 21 theme bursting 347:354 arg1 events 356:361 swelling and bursting events 334:361 swelling and bursting events 334:361 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 6 22 theme fundamental 1019:1029 arg1 framework 1031:1039 a fundamental framework 1017:1039 a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress 1017:1157 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 4 23 theme swell-burst 844:854 arg1 cycles 856:861 the swell-burst cycles 840:861 the swell-burst cycles 840:861 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 3 24 theme GUVs 527:530 arg1 behavior 515:522 the essential pulsatile behavior 491:522 the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions 491:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 1 25 theme osmotic 81:87 arg1 stress 89:94 osmotic stress 81:94 osmotic stress 81:94 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 3 26 theme essential 495:503 arg1 behavior 515:522 the essential pulsatile behavior 491:522 the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions 491:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 4 27 theme thermal 756:762 arg1 fluctuations 764:775 thermal fluctuations 756:775 thermal fluctuations 756:775 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 4 28 theme swell-burst 689:699 arg1 parameters 701:710 the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters 661:710 the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs 661:736 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 4 29 theme single-component 716:731 arg1 GUVs 733:736 single-component GUVs 716:736 single-component GUVs 716:736 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 0 30 theme Osmotic 31:37 arg1 Stress 39:44 Osmotic Stress 31:44 Osmotic Stress 31:44 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles under Osmotic Stress. 28445759 3 31 theme dynamics 617:624 arg1 model 600:604 a comprehensive theoretical model 572:604 a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics 572:624 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 3 32 theme comprehensive 574:586 arg1 model 600:604 a comprehensive theoretical model 572:604 a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics 572:624 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 6 33 theme vesicles 1129:1136 arg1 dynamics 1117:1124 the nonequilibrium dynamics 1098:1124 the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress 1098:1157 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 2 34 theme experimental 146:157 arg1 studies 159:165 Recent experimental studies 139:165 Recent experimental studies 139:165 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 4 35 theme cycles 856:861 arg1 dynamics 828:835 the dynamics 824:835 the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles 824:861 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 6 36 contain has 1046:1048 arg2 potential 1054:1062 the potential to guide future investigations 1050:1093 the potential to guide future investigations 1050:1093 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 6 36 contain has 1046:1048 arg1 framework 1031:1039 a fundamental framework 1017:1039 a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress 1017:1157 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 2 37 theme cyclical 313:320 arg1 sequence 322:329 a cyclical sequence 311:329 a cyclical sequence 311:329 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 2 38 theme unilamellar 201:211 arg1 GUVs 223:226 GUVs 223:226 GUVs 223:226 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 2 38 theme unilamellar 201:211 arg1 vesicles 213:220 cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles 184:220 cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 184:227 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 1 39 theme function 129:136 arg1 part 112:115 an important part 99:115 an important part of cellular function 99:136 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 1 39 theme function 129:136 arg1 response 51:58 The response 47:58 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress 47:94 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 1 40 theme important 102:110 arg1 part 112:115 an important part 99:115 an important part of cellular function 99:136 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 1 40 theme important 102:110 arg1 response 51:58 The response 47:58 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress 47:94 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 2 41 theme giant 195:199 arg1 GUVs 223:226 GUVs 223:226 GUVs 223:226 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 2 41 theme giant 195:199 arg1 vesicles 213:220 cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles 184:220 cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 184:227 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 2 42 theme hypotonic 244:252 arg1 media 254:258 hypotonic media 244:258 hypotonic media 244:258 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 4 43 theme measured 680:687 arg1 parameters 701:710 the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters 661:710 the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs 661:736 The model quantitatively captures the experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate-dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. 28445759 3 44 theme pulsatile 505:513 arg1 behavior 515:522 the essential pulsatile behavior 491:522 the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions 491:557 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 2 45 theme cell-sized 184:193 arg1 GUVs 223:226 GUVs 223:226 GUVs 223:226 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 2 45 theme cell-sized 184:193 arg1 vesicles 213:220 cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles 184:220 cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 184:227 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 0 46 dep Vesicles 16:23 arg1 Stress 39:44 Osmotic Stress 31:44 Osmotic Stress 31:44 Pulsatile Lipid Vesicles under Osmotic Stress. 28445759 2 47 theme swelling 334:341 arg1 events 356:361 swelling and bursting events 334:361 swelling and bursting events 334:361 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 6 48 theme future 1073:1078 arg1 investigations 1080:1093 future investigations 1073:1093 future investigations 1073:1093 Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the nonequilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress. 28445759 5 49 theme pulsatile 932:940 arg1 dynamics 942:949 pulsatile dynamics 932:949 pulsatile dynamics 932:949 We further extract constitutional scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties over multiple timescales. 28445759 3 50 theme theoretical 588:598 arg1 model 600:604 a comprehensive theoretical model 572:604 a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics 572:624 Here, we establish a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model of vesicle dynamics. 28445759 1 51 theme cellular 120:127 arg1 function 129:136 cellular function 120:136 cellular function 120:136 The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. 28445759 2 52 theme compositional 390:402 arg1 degrees 404:410 the membrane's compositional degrees 375:410 the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom 375:421 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 28445759 2 53 theme freedom 415:421 arg1 degrees 404:410 the membrane's compositional degrees 375:410 the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom 375:421 Recent experimental studies showed that when cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are exposed to hypotonic media, they respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membrane's compositional degrees of freedom. 24973518 10 0 theme oral 1124:1127 arg1 keratinocytes 1129:1141 oral keratinocytes 1124:1141 oral keratinocytes 1124:1141 Finally, oral keratinocytes proliferated more, while dermal keratinocytes demonstrated higher differentiation. 24973518 6 1 theme ECM 639:641 arg1 components 643:652 different ECM components 629:652 different ECM components 629:652 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 1 2 theme mucosa 132:137 arg1 Wounds 108:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds 98:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses 98:173 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 4 3 theme ECM 447:449 arg1 composition 451:461 the ECM composition 443:461 the ECM composition 443:461 The fate of scarless or scar forming healing may already be defined by the ECM composition, prior to wounding. 24973518 7 4 theme oral 882:885 arg1 tissue 887:892 oral tissue 882:892 oral tissue 882:892 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 0 5 theme foetal 85:90 arg1 skin 92:95 foetal skin 85:95 foetal skin 85:95 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa differ from skin and resemble that of foetal skin. 24973518 8 6 theme hyaluronic 954:963 arg1 acid 965:968 hyaluronic acid 954:968 hyaluronic acid 954:968 Tenascin-C, hyaluronic acid, biglycan, decorin, and syndecan-1 were expressed at similar levels in both tissues. 24973518 5 7 theme several 514:520 arg1 components 526:535 several ECM components 514:535 several ECM components 514:535 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 7 8 theme fibronectin 803:813 arg1 Expression 789:798 Expression 789:798 Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate 789:864 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 11 9 theme adult 1354:1358 arg1 skin 1360:1363 adult skin 1354:1363 adult skin 1354:1363 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 11 10 dep skin 1270:1273 arg1 the 1266:1268 the 1266:1268 the 1266:1268 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 5 11 theme ECM 522:524 arg1 components 526:535 several ECM components 514:535 several ECM components 514:535 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 6 12 theme different 629:637 arg1 components 643:652 different ECM components 629:652 different ECM components 629:652 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 6 13 theme Immunohistochemical 596:614 arg1 stainings 616:624 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings 589:624 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components 589:652 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 5 14 theme components 526:535 arg1 presence 502:509 the presence 498:509 the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin 498:569 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 10 15 theme higher 1202:1207 arg1 differentiation 1209:1223 higher differentiation 1202:1223 higher differentiation 1202:1223 Finally, oral keratinocytes proliferated more, while dermal keratinocytes demonstrated higher differentiation. 24973518 1 16 theme early-to-mid 143:154 arg1 foetuses 166:173 early-to-mid gestation foetuses 143:173 early-to-mid gestation foetuses 143:173 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 5 17 theme oral 540:543 arg1 mucosa 545:550 oral mucosa 540:550 oral mucosa (palatum) 540:560 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 5 17 theme oral 540:543 arg1 palatum 553:559 palatum 553:559 palatum 553:559 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 7 18 theme sulphate 857:864 arg1 Expression 789:798 Expression 789:798 Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate 789:864 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 11 19 theme skin 1270:1273 arg1 components 1252:1261 ECM components 1248:1261 ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa 1248:1289 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 1 20 theme gestation 156:164 arg1 foetuses 166:173 early-to-mid gestation foetuses 143:173 early-to-mid gestation foetuses 143:173 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 0 21 theme matrix 14:19 arg1 components 21:30 Extracellular matrix components 0:30 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa 0:45 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa differ from skin and resemble that of foetal skin. 24973518 6 22 theme dermolipectomy 702:715 arg1 surgery 717:723 abdominal dermolipectomy surgery 692:723 abdominal dermolipectomy surgery 692:723 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 2 23 from Repair 211:216 arg1 adults 236:241 adults 236:241 adults 236:241 Repair of skin wounds in adults, however, regularly results in scar formation. 24973518 1 24 theme foetuses 166:173 arg1 Wounds 108:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds 98:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses 98:173 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 0 25 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 components 21:30 Extracellular matrix components 0:30 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa 0:45 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa differ from skin and resemble that of foetal skin. 24973518 6 26 theme abdominal 692:700 arg1 surgery 717:723 abdominal dermolipectomy surgery 692:723 abdominal dermolipectomy surgery 692:723 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 2 27 theme scar 274:277 arg1 formation 279:287 scar formation 274:287 scar formation 274:287 Repair of skin wounds in adults, however, regularly results in scar formation. 24973518 6 28 theme DESIGN 589:594 arg1 stainings 616:624 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings 589:624 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components 589:652 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 7 29 theme chondroitin 845:855 arg1 sulphate 857:864 chondroitin sulphate 845:864 chondroitin sulphate 845:864 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 9 30 theme blood 1082:1086 arg1 vessels 1088:1094 more blood vessels 1077:1094 more blood vessels 1077:1094 Oral mucosa contained more blood vessels than skin samples. 24973518 9 31 theme more 1077:1080 arg1 vessels 1088:1094 more blood vessels 1077:1094 more blood vessels 1077:1094 Oral mucosa contained more blood vessels than skin samples. 24973518 3 32 theme important 330:338 arg1 role 340:343 an important role 327:343 an important role 327:343 The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the process of healing. 24973518 1 33 contain have 175:178 arg2 propensity 182:191 a propensity 180:191 a propensity to heal scarless 180:208 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 1 33 contain have 175:178 arg1 Wounds 108:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds 98:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses 98:173 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 0 34 theme mucosa 40:45 arg1 components 21:30 Extracellular matrix components 0:30 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa 0:45 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa differ from skin and resemble that of foetal skin. 24973518 4 35 theme scarless 384:391 arg1 fate 376:379 The fate 372:379 The fate of scarless or scar forming healing 372:415 The fate of scarless or scar forming healing may already be defined by the ECM composition, prior to wounding. 24973518 0 36 theme oral 35:38 arg1 mucosa 40:45 oral mucosa 35:45 oral mucosa 35:45 Extracellular matrix components of oral mucosa differ from skin and resemble that of foetal skin. 24973518 9 37 contain contained 1067:1075 arg1 mucosa 1060:1065 Oral mucosa 1055:1065 Oral mucosa 1055:1065 Oral mucosa contained more blood vessels than skin samples. 24973518 9 37 contain contained 1067:1075 arg2 vessels 1088:1094 more blood vessels 1077:1094 more blood vessels 1077:1094 Oral mucosa contained more blood vessels than skin samples. 24973518 3 38 theme healing 363:369 arg1 process 352:358 the process 348:358 the process of healing 348:369 The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the process of healing. 24973518 1 39 theme heal 196:199 arg1 scarless 201:208 heal scarless 196:208 heal scarless 196:208 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 5 40 attach presence 502:509 arg2 components 526:535 several ECM components 514:535 several ECM components 514:535 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 5 40 attach presence 502:509 arg1 mucosa 545:550 oral mucosa 540:550 oral mucosa (palatum) 540:560 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 5 40 attach presence 502:509 arg1 palatum 553:559 palatum 553:559 palatum 553:559 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 5 40 attach presence 502:509 arg1 skin 566:569 skin 566:569 skin 566:569 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 4 41 theme scar 396:399 arg1 fate 376:379 The fate 372:379 The fate of scarless or scar forming healing 372:415 The fate of scarless or scar forming healing may already be defined by the ECM composition, prior to wounding. 24973518 1 42 theme OBJECTIVE 98:106 arg1 Wounds 108:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds 98:113 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses 98:173 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 11 43 theme oral 1279:1282 arg1 mucosa 1284:1289 oral mucosa 1279:1289 oral mucosa 1279:1289 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 6 44 theme pharynx 757:763 arg1 reconstruction 765:778 pharynx reconstruction 757:778 pharynx reconstruction 757:778 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 11 45 theme ECM 1248:1250 arg1 components 1252:1261 ECM components 1248:1261 ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa 1248:1289 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 7 46 dep RESULTS 781:787 arg1 elevated 870:877 elevated 870:877 elevated in oral tissue 870:892 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 5 47 from presence 502:509 arg1 mucosa 545:550 oral mucosa 540:550 oral mucosa (palatum) 540:560 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 5 47 from presence 502:509 arg1 palatum 553:559 palatum 553:559 palatum 553:559 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 5 47 from presence 502:509 arg1 skin 566:569 skin 566:569 skin 566:569 In this study, the presence of several ECM components in oral mucosa (palatum) and skin was investigated. 24973518 7 48 theme ED-A 835:838 arg1 Expression 789:798 Expression 789:798 Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate 789:864 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 4 49 theme prior 464:468 arg1 composition 451:461 the ECM composition 443:461 the ECM composition 443:461 The fate of scarless or scar forming healing may already be defined by the ECM composition, prior to wounding. 24973518 8 50 theme similar 1023:1029 arg1 levels 1031:1036 similar levels 1023:1036 similar levels 1023:1036 Tenascin-C, hyaluronic acid, biglycan, decorin, and syndecan-1 were expressed at similar levels in both tissues. 24973518 9 51 theme skin 1101:1104 arg1 samples 1106:1112 skin samples 1101:1112 skin samples 1101:1112 Oral mucosa contained more blood vessels than skin samples. 24973518 11 52 theme repair 1443:1448 arg1 mode 1435:1438 the mode 1431:1438 the mode of repair 1431:1448 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 6 53 theme oral 730:733 arg1 mucosa 735:740 oral mucosa 730:740 oral mucosa 730:740 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 11 54 theme mucosa 1284:1289 arg1 components 1252:1261 ECM components 1248:1261 ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa 1248:1289 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 7 55 theme elastin 903:909 arg1 expression 911:920 elastin expression 903:920 elastin expression 903:920 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 7 56 theme splice 820:825 arg1 ED-A 835:838 its splice variant ED-A 816:838 its splice variant ED-A 816:838 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 11 57 theme ECM 1400:1402 arg1 components 1404:1413 some ECM components 1395:1413 some ECM components 1395:1413 CONCLUSIONS Comparing ECM components of the skin and oral mucosa coincides with differences earlier observed between foetal and adult skin, and this might indicate that some ECM components are involved in the mode of repair. 24973518 3 58 theme extracellular 294:306 arg1 ECM 316:318 ECM 316:318 ECM 316:318 The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the process of healing. 24973518 3 58 theme extracellular 294:306 arg1 matrix 308:313 The extracellular matrix 290:313 The extracellular matrix (ECM) 290:319 The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the process of healing. 24973518 2 59 theme wounds 226:231 arg1 Repair 211:216 Repair 211:216 Repair of skin wounds in adults 211:241 Repair of skin wounds in adults, however, regularly results in scar formation. 24973518 9 60 theme Oral 1055:1058 arg1 mucosa 1060:1065 Oral mucosa 1055:1065 Oral mucosa 1055:1065 Oral mucosa contained more blood vessels than skin samples. 24973518 7 61 theme variant 827:833 arg1 ED-A 835:838 its splice variant ED-A 816:838 its splice variant ED-A 816:838 RESULTS Expression of fibronectin, its splice variant ED-A, and chondroitin sulphate was elevated in oral tissue, whereas elastin expression was higher in skin. 24973518 2 62 theme skin 221:224 arg1 wounds 226:231 skin wounds 221:231 skin wounds 221:231 Repair of skin wounds in adults, however, regularly results in scar formation. 24973518 6 63 theme components 643:652 arg1 stainings 616:624 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings 589:624 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components 589:652 DESIGN Immunohistochemical stainings of different ECM components were performed on skin, obtained from abdominal dermolipectomy surgery, and oral mucosa, derived after pharynx reconstruction. 24973518 1 64 theme oral 127:130 arg1 mucosa 132:137 the oral mucosa 123:137 the oral mucosa 123:137 OBJECTIVE Wounds of both the oral mucosa and early-to-mid gestation foetuses have a propensity to heal scarless. 24973518 10 65 theme dermal 1168:1173 arg1 keratinocytes 1175:1187 dermal keratinocytes 1168:1187 dermal keratinocytes 1168:1187 Finally, oral keratinocytes proliferated more, while dermal keratinocytes demonstrated higher differentiation. 24423166 6 0 theme transcript 1096:1105 arg1 levels 1107:1112 transcript levels 1096:1112 transcript levels of many of these genes 1096:1135 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 8 1 theme corresponding 1883:1895 arg1 levels 1908:1913 corresponding transcript levels 1883:1913 corresponding transcript levels 1883:1913 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 7 2 theme wall 1429:1432 arg1 genes 1439:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 8 3 theme transcript 1897:1906 arg1 levels 1908:1913 corresponding transcript levels 1883:1913 corresponding transcript levels 1883:1913 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 8 4 theme genes 1728:1732 arg1 products 1716:1723 the enzymic products 1704:1723 the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification 1704:1781 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 1 5 theme elongating 122:131 arg1 internode 139:147 The elongating maize internode 118:147 The elongating maize internode 118:147 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 7 6 theme secondary 1414:1422 arg1 genes 1439:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 3 7 theme wall 537:540 arg1 deposition 542:551 secondary cell wall deposition 522:551 secondary cell wall deposition 522:551 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 6 8 theme transition 1231:1240 arg1 zone 1242:1245 transition zone 1231:1245 transition zone 1231:1245 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 8 9 theme wall 1751:1754 arg1 synthesis 1756:1764 cell wall synthesis 1746:1764 cell wall synthesis 1746:1764 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 1 10 theme cell 205:208 arg1 walls 210:214 cell walls 205:214 cell walls 205:214 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 4 11 theme major 641:645 arg1 components 652:661 The major wall components 637:661 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) 629:711 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 2 12 theme developmental 306:318 arg1 zones 320:324 four developmental zones 301:324 four developmental zones 301:324 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 2 12 theme developmental 306:318 arg1 meristem 356:363 the basal intercalary meristem 334:363 the basal intercalary meristem 334:363 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 7 13 theme factor 1654:1659 arg1 genes 1661:1665 NAM and MYB transcription factor genes 1628:1665 genes 1661:1665 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 7 14 theme transcript 1364:1373 arg1 profiles 1375:1382 transcript profiles 1364:1382 transcript profiles showing this pattern 1364:1403 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 7 15 theme MYB 1636:1638 arg1 genes 1661:1665 NAM and MYB transcription factor genes 1628:1665 genes 1661:1665 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 4 16 dep RESULTS 629:635 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 685:705 glucuronoarabinoxylan 685:705 glucuronoarabinoxylan 685:705 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 4 16 dep RESULTS 629:635 arg1 components 652:661 The major wall components 637:661 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) 629:711 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 4 16 dep RESULTS 629:635 arg1 lignin 674:679 lignin 674:679 lignin 674:679 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 4 16 dep RESULTS 629:635 arg1 cellulose 663:671 cellulose 663:671 cellulose 663:671 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 4 16 dep RESULTS 629:635 arg1 RESULTS 629:635 RESULTS 629:635 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) 629:711 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 1 17 theme maize 133:137 arg1 internode 139:147 The elongating maize internode 118:147 The elongating maize internode 118:147 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 7 18 theme NAM 1628:1630 arg1 genes 1661:1665 NAM and MYB transcription factor genes 1628:1665 genes 1661:1665 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 4 19 theme abrupt 735:740 arg1 changes 742:748 any abrupt changes 731:748 any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones 731:803 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 6 20 theme zone 1284:1287 arg1 zone 1242:1245 transition zone 1231:1245 transition zone 1231:1245 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 6 20 theme zone 1284:1287 arg1 sections 1257:1264 lower sections 1251:1264 lower sections 1251:1264 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 5 21 theme glycosyl 948:955 arg1 genes 969:973 key glycosyl transferase genes 944:973 key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling 944:1028 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 8 22 theme enzymic 1708:1714 arg1 products 1716:1723 the enzymic products 1704:1723 the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification 1704:1781 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 1 23 dep BACKGROUND 107:116 arg1 represents 149:158 represents 149:158 represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family 149:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 1 24 theme useful 162:167 arg1 system 169:174 a useful system 160:174 a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family 160:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 7 25 theme monolignol 1599:1608 arg1 biosynthesis 1610:1621 monolignol biosynthesis 1599:1621 monolignol biosynthesis 1599:1621 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 8 26 dep CONCLUSIONS 1668:1678 arg1 indicated 1689:1697 indicated 1689:1697 indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone 1689:1958 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 0 27 theme elongating 78:87 arg1 internodes 95:104 elongating maize internodes 78:104 elongating maize internodes 78:104 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 8 28 theme elongating 1832:1841 arg1 internodes 1849:1858 elongating maize internodes 1832:1858 elongating maize internodes 1832:1858 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 5 29 theme transcript 920:929 arg1 abundance 931:939 transcript abundance 920:939 transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling 920:1028 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 4 30 theme transition 773:782 arg1 zones 799:803 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 757:803 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 757:803 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 6 31 theme elongation 1170:1179 arg1 zones 1181:1185 the meristematic and elongation zones 1149:1185 zones 1181:1185 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 8 32 theme internodes 1849:1858 arg1 zone 1824:1827 the maturation zone 1809:1827 the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes 1809:1858 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 4 33 theme maturation 788:797 arg1 zones 799:803 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 757:803 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 757:803 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 6 34 theme maturation 1327:1336 arg1 sections 1343:1350 the upper maturation zone sections 1317:1350 the upper maturation zone sections 1317:1350 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 5 35 theme wall 999:1002 arg1 synthesis 1004:1012 wall synthesis 999:1012 wall synthesis 999:1012 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 0 36 theme Spatial 0:6 arg1 gradients 8:16 Spatial gradients 0:16 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 0:105 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 5 37 theme genes 969:973 arg1 abundance 931:939 transcript abundance 920:939 transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling 920:1028 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 2 38 theme Elongating 259:268 arg1 internodes 270:279 Elongating internodes 259:279 Elongating internodes 259:279 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 4 39 theme elongation 761:770 arg1 zones 799:803 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 757:803 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 757:803 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 3 40 theme basal 450:454 arg1 meristem 456:463 the basal meristem 446:463 the basal meristem 446:463 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 0 41 theme wall 26:29 arg1 composition 31:41 cell wall composition 21:41 cell wall composition 21:41 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 2 42 theme basal 338:342 arg1 zones 320:324 four developmental zones 301:324 four developmental zones 301:324 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 2 42 theme basal 338:342 arg1 meristem 356:363 the basal intercalary meristem 334:363 the basal intercalary meristem 334:363 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 7 43 theme cell 1424:1427 arg1 genes 1439:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 7 44 theme UDP-Xylose 1476:1485 arg1 β-expansins 1463:1473 some β-expansins 1458:1473 some β-expansins 1458:1473 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 7 44 theme UDP-Xylose 1476:1485 arg1 synthase 1487:1494 UDP-Xylose synthase 1476:1494 UDP-Xylose synthase 1476:1494 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 3 45 dep meristem 456:463 arg1 zones 480:484 zones 480:484 zones 480:484 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 6 46 theme many 1117:1120 arg1 levels 1107:1112 transcript levels 1096:1112 transcript levels of many of these genes 1096:1135 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 3 47 from Cells 437:441 arg1 meristem 456:463 the basal meristem 446:463 the basal meristem 446:463 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 3 47 from Cells 437:441 arg1 elongation 469:478 elongation 469:478 elongation 469:478 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 1 48 theme Poaceae 243:249 arg1 family 251:256 the Poaceae family 239:256 the Poaceae family 239:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 6 49 theme maturation 1273:1282 arg1 zone 1284:1287 the maturation zone 1269:1287 the maturation zone 1269:1287 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 4 50 theme transition 872:881 arg1 zones 883:887 the elongation and transition zones 853:887 zones 883:887 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 8 51 theme maturation 1813:1822 arg1 zone 1824:1827 the maturation zone 1809:1827 the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes 1809:1858 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 7 52 theme GT43 1446:1449 arg1 genes 1451:1455 GT43 genes 1446:1455 GT43 genes 1446:1455 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 7 53 theme CesA 1434:1437 arg1 genes 1439:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 secondary cell wall CesA genes 1414:1443 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 6 54 theme lower 1251:1255 arg1 sections 1257:1264 lower sections 1251:1264 lower sections 1251:1264 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 3 55 theme cell 532:535 arg1 deposition 542:551 secondary cell wall deposition 522:551 secondary cell wall deposition 522:551 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 1 56 theme following 180:188 arg1 development 190:200 following development 180:200 following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family 180:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 6 57 theme meristematic 1153:1164 arg1 zones 1181:1185 the meristematic and elongation zones 1149:1185 zones 1181:1185 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 3 58 theme transition 572:581 arg1 zone 583:586 the transition zone 568:586 the transition zone 568:586 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 4 59 theme elongation 857:866 arg1 zones 883:887 the elongation and transition zones 853:887 zones 883:887 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 6 60 theme upper 1321:1325 arg1 sections 1343:1350 the upper maturation zone sections 1317:1350 the upper maturation zone sections 1317:1350 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 5 61 from increases 1048:1056 arg1 lignin 1080:1085 lignin 1080:1085 lignin 1080:1085 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 5 61 from increases 1048:1056 arg1 GAX 1072:1074 GAX 1072:1074 GAX 1072:1074 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 5 61 from increases 1048:1056 arg1 cellulose 1061:1069 cellulose 1061:1069 cellulose 1061:1069 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 1 62 theme walls 210:214 arg1 development 190:200 following development 180:200 following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family 180:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 7 63 theme transcription 1640:1652 arg1 genes 1661:1665 NAM and MYB transcription factor genes 1628:1665 genes 1661:1665 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 3 64 theme primary 501:507 arg1 walls 509:513 primary walls 501:513 primary walls 501:513 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 8 65 theme transition 1944:1953 arg1 zone 1955:1958 the transition zone 1940:1958 the transition zone 1940:1958 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 5 66 theme Microarray 890:899 arg1 analyses 901:908 Microarray analyses 890:908 Microarray analyses 890:908 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 1 67 theme vegetative 219:228 arg1 cells 230:234 vegetative cells 219:234 vegetative cells in the Poaceae family 219:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 4 68 theme wall 647:650 arg1 components 652:661 The major wall components 637:661 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) 629:711 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 1 69 from cells 230:234 arg1 family 251:256 the Poaceae family 239:256 the Poaceae family 239:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 4 70 dep elongation 761:770 arg1 the 757:759 the 757:759 the 757:759 RESULTS The major wall components cellulose, lignin and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) increased without any abrupt changes across the elongation, transition and maturation zones, although GAX appeared to increase more between the elongation and transition zones. 24423166 6 71 theme maximal 1209:1215 arg1 levels 1217:1222 maximal levels 1209:1222 maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone 1209:1287 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 6 72 from levels 1217:1222 arg1 zone 1242:1245 transition zone 1231:1245 transition zone 1231:1245 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 6 72 from levels 1217:1222 arg1 sections 1257:1264 lower sections 1251:1264 lower sections 1251:1264 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 5 73 theme key 944:946 arg1 genes 969:973 key glycosyl transferase genes 944:973 key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling 944:1028 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 8 74 theme cell 1746:1749 arg1 synthesis 1756:1764 cell wall synthesis 1746:1764 cell wall synthesis 1746:1764 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 3 75 theme maturation 612:621 arg1 zone 623:626 the maturation zone 608:626 the maturation zone 608:626 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 0 76 theme maize 89:93 arg1 internodes 95:104 elongating maize internodes 78:104 elongating maize internodes 78:104 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 1 77 from development 190:200 arg1 cells 230:234 vegetative cells 219:234 vegetative cells in the Poaceae family 219:256 BACKGROUND The elongating maize internode represents a useful system for following development of cell walls in vegetative cells in the Poaceae family. 24423166 0 78 from gradients 8:16 arg1 composition 31:41 cell wall composition 21:41 cell wall composition 21:41 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 0 78 from gradients 8:16 arg1 profiles 63:70 transcriptional profiles 47:70 transcriptional profiles 47:70 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 7 79 with Genes 1353:1357 arg1 profiles 1375:1382 transcript profiles 1364:1382 transcript profiles showing this pattern 1364:1403 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 3 80 contain contain 486:492 arg1 Cells 437:441 Cells 437:441 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones 437:484 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 3 80 contain contain 486:492 arg2 walls 509:513 primary walls 501:513 primary walls 501:513 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 24423166 6 81 theme zone 1338:1341 arg1 sections 1343:1350 the upper maturation zone sections 1317:1350 the upper maturation zone sections 1317:1350 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 8 82 theme maize 1843:1847 arg1 internodes 1849:1858 elongating maize internodes 1832:1858 elongating maize internodes 1832:1858 CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that the enzymic products of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification remain active right along the maturation zone of elongating maize internodes, despite the fact that corresponding transcript levels peak earlier, near or in the transition zone. 24423166 6 83 from zones 1181:1185 arg1 low 1142:1144 low 1142:1144 low 1142:1144 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 2 84 theme elongation 392:401 arg1 zones 430:434 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 388:434 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 388:434 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 5 85 theme transferase 957:967 arg1 genes 969:973 key glycosyl transferase genes 944:973 key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling 944:1028 Microarray analyses show that transcript abundance of key glycosyl transferase genes known to be involved in wall synthesis or re-modelling did not match the increases in cellulose, GAX and lignin. 24423166 6 86 from low 1142:1144 arg1 zones 1181:1185 the meristematic and elongation zones 1149:1185 zones 1181:1185 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 0 87 theme cell 21:24 arg1 composition 31:41 cell wall composition 21:41 cell wall composition 21:41 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 2 88 theme maturation 419:428 arg1 zones 430:434 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 388:434 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 388:434 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 7 89 theme xyloglucan 1536:1545 arg1 endotransglycosylases/hydrolases 1547:1578 some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases 1531:1578 some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases 1531:1578 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 2 90 theme transition 404:413 arg1 zones 430:434 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 388:434 the elongation, transition and maturation zones 388:434 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 0 91 theme transcriptional 47:61 arg1 profiles 63:70 transcriptional profiles 47:70 transcriptional profiles 47:70 Spatial gradients in cell wall composition and transcriptional profiles along elongating maize internodes. 24423166 6 92 theme genes 1131:1135 arg1 many 1117:1120 many 1117:1120 many 1117:1120 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 6 92 theme genes 1131:1135 arg1 genes 1131:1135 these genes 1125:1135 these genes 1125:1135 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 2 93 theme intercalary 344:354 arg1 zones 320:324 four developmental zones 301:324 four developmental zones 301:324 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 2 93 theme intercalary 344:354 arg1 meristem 356:363 the basal intercalary meristem 334:363 the basal intercalary meristem 334:363 Elongating internodes can be divided into four developmental zones, namely the basal intercalary meristem, above which are found the elongation, transition and maturation zones. 24423166 7 94 theme UDP-Glucose 1500:1510 arg1 β-expansins 1463:1473 some β-expansins 1458:1473 some β-expansins 1458:1473 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 7 94 theme UDP-Glucose 1500:1510 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 1512:1528 UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase 1500:1528 UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase 1500:1528 Genes with transcript profiles showing this pattern included secondary cell wall CesA genes, GT43 genes, some β-expansins, UDP-Xylose synthase and UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, some xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases, genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and NAM and MYB transcription factor genes. 24423166 6 95 dep zone 1242:1245 arg1 the 1227:1229 the 1227:1229 the 1227:1229 Rather, transcript levels of many of these genes were low in the meristematic and elongation zones, quickly increased to maximal levels in the transition zone and lower sections of the maturation zone, and generally decreased in the upper maturation zone sections. 24423166 3 96 theme secondary 522:530 arg1 deposition 542:551 secondary cell wall deposition 522:551 secondary cell wall deposition 522:551 Cells in the basal meristem and elongation zones contain mainly primary walls, while secondary cell wall deposition accelerates in the transition zone and predominates in the maturation zone. 29103523 2 0 theme biopolymers 472:482 arg1 composition 451:461 the fundamental composition 435:461 the fundamental composition of above biopolymers 435:482 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed identifying the fundamental composition of above biopolymers. 29103523 1 1 theme several 328:334 arg1 temperatures 336:347 several temperatures 328:347 several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C) 328:365 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 1 1 theme several 328:334 arg1 65°C 361:364 65°C 361:364 65°C 361:364 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 1 2 theme kappa/iota-hybrid 155:171 arg1 carrageenan 173:183 kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan 155:183 kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) 155:309 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 1 3 theme commercial 251:260 arg1 kappa-carrageenan 262:278 commercial kappa-carrageenan 251:278 commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) 251:283 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 1 3 theme commercial 251:260 arg1 IC 307:308 IC 307:308 IC 307:308 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 1 3 theme commercial 251:260 arg1 KC 281:282 KC 281:282 KC 281:282 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 0 4 theme prediction 68:77 arg1 model 79:83 A prediction model 66:83 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 0:108 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 1 5 theme carrageenan 173:183 arg1 adsorption 116:125 water adsorption and desorption isotherms 110:150 adsorption 116:125 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 1 5 theme carrageenan 173:183 arg1 isotherms 142:150 water adsorption and desorption isotherms 110:150 isotherms 142:150 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 0 6 theme hybrid 89:94 arg1 carrageenans 96:107 hybrid carrageenans 89:107 hybrid carrageenans 89:107 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 6 7 dep content 1004:1010 arg1 27±4 1045:1048 27±4 1045:1048 27±4 1045:1048 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 7 dep content 1004:1010 arg1 73±4 1028:1031 73±4 1028:1031 73±4 1028:1031 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 7 dep content 1004:1010 arg1 iota- 1038:1042 iota- 1038:1042 iota- (27±4) 1038:1049 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 7 dep content 1004:1010 arg1 kappa- 1020:1025 kappa- 1020:1025 kappa- (73±4) 1020:1032 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 3 8 theme KC 653:654 arg1 IC 664:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 8 theme KC 653:654 arg1 biopolymers 640:650 the tested biopolymers 629:650 the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 629:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 9 theme > 656:656 arg1 IC 664:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 9 theme > 656:656 arg1 biopolymers 640:650 the tested biopolymers 629:650 the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 629:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 5 10 theme experimental 763:774 arg1 data 785:788 The experimental sorption data 759:788 The experimental sorption data 759:788 The experimental sorption data were successfully fitted using the two-parameter Caurie model, selected following a statistical analysis. 29103523 3 11 theme biopolymers 640:650 arg1 properties 615:624 the hygroscopic properties 599:624 the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 599:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 4 12 theme sulphation 710:719 arg1 degree 721:726 sulphation degree 710:726 sulphation degree 710:726 Sulphate content and sulphation degree of KIC were also intermediate. 29103523 6 13 theme % 1013:1013 arg1 content 1004:1010 its individual disaccharides units content 969:1010 its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 969:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 13 theme % 1013:1013 arg1 mol 1014:1016 %mol 1013:1016 %mol 1013:1016 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 5 14 theme sorption 776:783 arg1 data 785:788 The experimental sorption data 759:788 The experimental sorption data 759:788 The experimental sorption data were successfully fitted using the two-parameter Caurie model, selected following a statistical analysis. 29103523 2 15 theme above 466:470 arg1 biopolymers 472:482 above biopolymers 466:482 above biopolymers 466:482 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed identifying the fundamental composition of above biopolymers. 29103523 6 16 theme units 998:1002 arg1 content 1004:1010 its individual disaccharides units content 969:1010 its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 969:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 16 theme units 998:1002 arg1 mol 1014:1016 %mol 1013:1016 %mol 1013:1016 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 0 17 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 6 18 theme prediction 898:907 arg1 model 909:913 A prediction model 896:913 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect 896:1087 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 1 19 dep carrageenan 173:183 arg1 KIC 186:188 KIC 186:188 KIC 186:188 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 6 20 theme disaccharides 984:996 arg1 units 998:1002 its individual disaccharides units 969:1002 its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 969:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 0 21 theme water 24:28 arg1 isotherms 39:47 water sorption isotherms 24:47 water sorption isotherms 24:47 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 3 22 theme > 557:557 arg1 KC 559:560 KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2) 544:570 KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2) 544:570 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 2 23 theme X-ray 386:390 arg1 diffraction 392:402 X-ray diffraction 386:402 X-ray diffraction 386:402 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed identifying the fundamental composition of above biopolymers. 29103523 2 24 theme diffraction 392:402 arg1 techniques 404:413 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques 368:413 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques 368:413 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed identifying the fundamental composition of above biopolymers. 29103523 3 25 theme KIC 658:660 arg1 IC 664:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 25 theme KIC 658:660 arg1 biopolymers 640:650 the tested biopolymers 629:650 the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 629:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 5 26 theme statistical 874:884 arg1 analysis 886:893 a statistical analysis 872:893 a statistical analysis 872:893 The experimental sorption data were successfully fitted using the two-parameter Caurie model, selected following a statistical analysis. 29103523 6 27 theme temperature 1070:1080 arg1 effect 1082:1087 the temperature effect 1066:1087 the temperature effect 1066:1087 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 1 28 theme Mastocarpus 206:216 arg1 seaweed 232:238 Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed 206:238 Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) 206:309 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 3 29 theme > 662:662 arg1 IC 664:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 29 theme > 662:662 arg1 biopolymers 640:650 the tested biopolymers 629:650 the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 629:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 2 30 theme Spectroscopic 368:380 arg1 techniques 404:413 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques 368:413 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques 368:413 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed identifying the fundamental composition of above biopolymers. 29103523 0 31 theme sorption 30:37 arg1 isotherms 39:47 water sorption isotherms 24:47 water sorption isotherms 24:47 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 5 32 theme Caurie 839:844 arg1 model 846:850 the two-parameter Caurie model 821:850 the two-parameter Caurie model 821:850 The experimental sorption data were successfully fitted using the two-parameter Caurie model, selected following a statistical analysis. 29103523 1 33 theme red 228:230 arg1 seaweed 232:238 Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed 206:238 Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) 206:309 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 0 34 theme carrageenans 52:63 arg1 isotherms 39:47 water sorption isotherms 24:47 water sorption isotherms 24:47 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 0 34 theme carrageenans 52:63 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 6 35 dep model 909:913 arg1 estimate 918:925 estimate 918:925 to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 915:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 35 dep model 909:913 arg1 including 1056:1064 including 1056:1064 including the temperature effect 1056:1087 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 3 36 theme KIC 544:546 arg1 KC 559:560 KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2) 544:570 KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2) 544:570 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 1 37 theme water 110:114 arg1 adsorption 116:125 water adsorption and desorption isotherms 110:150 adsorption 116:125 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 4 38 theme KIC 731:733 arg1 content 698:704 Sulphate content 689:704 Sulphate content 689:704 Sulphate content and sulphation degree of KIC were also intermediate. 29103523 4 38 theme KIC 731:733 arg1 degree 721:726 sulphation degree 710:726 sulphation degree 710:726 Sulphate content and sulphation degree of KIC were also intermediate. 29103523 3 39 theme Crystallinity 485:497 arg1 % 507:507 % 507:507 % 507:507 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 39 theme Crystallinity 485:497 arg1 values 499:504 Crystallinity values 485:504 Crystallinity values (%) 485:508 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 40 theme hygroscopic 603:613 arg1 properties 615:624 the hygroscopic properties 599:624 the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 599:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 41 dep order 523:527 arg1 IC 529:530 IC (25.4±0.6) 529:541 the order IC (25.4±0.6) 519:541 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 1 42 dep 65°C 361:364 arg1 45 357:358 45 357:358 45 357:358 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 5 43 theme two-parameter 825:837 arg1 model 846:850 the two-parameter Caurie model 821:850 the two-parameter Caurie model 821:850 The experimental sorption data were successfully fitted using the two-parameter Caurie model, selected following a statistical analysis. 29103523 4 44 theme Sulphate 689:696 arg1 content 698:704 Sulphate content 689:704 Sulphate content 689:704 Sulphate content and sulphation degree of KIC were also intermediate. 29103523 1 45 theme desorption 131:140 arg1 isotherms 142:150 water adsorption and desorption isotherms 110:150 isotherms 142:150 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 6 46 theme sorption 941:948 arg1 isotherms 950:958 the KIC water sorption isotherms 927:958 the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 927:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 0 47 dep features 11:18 arg1 model 79:83 A prediction model 66:83 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 0:108 Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. 29103523 6 48 theme individual 973:982 arg1 units 998:1002 its individual disaccharides units 969:1002 its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 969:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 6 49 theme water 935:939 arg1 isotherms 950:958 the KIC water sorption isotherms 927:958 the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 927:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 29103523 2 50 theme fundamental 439:449 arg1 composition 451:461 the fundamental composition 435:461 the fundamental composition of above biopolymers 435:482 Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed identifying the fundamental composition of above biopolymers. 29103523 1 51 dep Mastocarpus 206:216 arg1 stellatus 218:226 stellatus 218:226 stellatus 218:226 water adsorption and desorption isotherms of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KIC) extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed as well as commercial kappa-carrageenan (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) were obtained at several temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65°C). 29103523 3 52 theme tested 633:638 arg1 IC 664:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 KC > KIC > IC 653:665 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 3 52 theme tested 633:638 arg1 biopolymers 640:650 the tested biopolymers 629:650 the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) 629:666 Crystallinity values (%) followed the order IC (25.4±0.6)> KIC (9.3±0.4)> KC (4.8±0.2), which nicely matched with the hygroscopic properties of the tested biopolymers (KC > KIC > IC) at each temperature. 29103523 6 53 theme KIC 931:933 arg1 isotherms 950:958 the KIC water sorption isotherms 927:958 the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) 927:1050 A prediction model to estimate the KIC water sorption isotherms based on its individual disaccharides units content (%mol) (kappa- (73±4) and iota- (27±4)) and including the temperature effect was successfully developed. 24980911 7 0 theme lag 1258:1260 arg1 phase 1262:1266 the initial lag phase 1246:1266 the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets 1246:1327 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 7 0 theme lag 1258:1260 arg1 absent 1333:1338 absent 1333:1338 absent 1333:1338 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 4 1 dep pore 909:912 arg1 X2 957:958 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 4 1 dep pore 909:912 arg1 X1 931:932 former MS level (X1) 914:933 former MS level (X1) 914:933 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 5 2 contain had 1066:1068 arg2 effect 1081:1086 a negative effect 1070:1086 a negative effect 1070:1086 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 5 2 contain had 1066:1068 arg1 level 1060:1064 the coating level 1048:1064 the coating level 1048:1064 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 4 3 theme EC 939:940 arg1 X2 957:958 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 5 4 theme coating 1052:1058 arg1 level 1060:1064 the coating level 1048:1064 the coating level 1048:1064 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 1 5 theme study 179:183 arg1 objective 161:169 The objective 157:169 The objective of this study 157:183 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 2 6 from 70 °C 620:624 arg1 % 611:611 60% w/w 609:615 60% w/w 609:615 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 8 7 theme sustained-release 1616:1632 arg1 pellets 1634:1640 sustained-release pellets 1616:1640 sustained-release pellets 1616:1640 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 4 8 theme surface 838:844 arg1 methodology 846:856 response surface methodology 829:856 response surface methodology 829:856 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 4 9 theme drug 968:971 arg1 release 973:979 the drug release 964:979 the drug release 964:979 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 1 10 theme initial 365:371 arg1 phase 406:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 10 theme initial 365:371 arg1 phase 377:381 an initial lag phase 362:381 an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase) 362:411 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 2 11 theme acceptable 504:513 arg1 level 515:519 an acceptable level 501:519 an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion 501:545 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 4 12 theme composite 808:816 arg1 design 818:823 Central composite design 800:823 Central composite design 800:823 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 6 13 theme optimization 1119:1130 arg1 X1 1102:1103 X1 1102:1103 X1 1102:1103 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 6 13 theme optimization 1119:1130 arg1 X2 1109:1110 X2 1109:1110 X2 1109:1110 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 2 14 dep solution 599:606 arg1 % 611:611 60% w/w 609:615 60% w/w 609:615 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 5 15 contain had 1004:1006 arg1 level 998:1002 The pore former level 982:1002 The pore former level 982:1002 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 5 15 contain had 1004:1006 arg2 effect 1019:1024 a positive effect 1008:1024 a positive effect 1008:1024 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 7 16 used used 1357:1360 arg2 drug 1348:1351 MS drug 1345:1351 MS drug 1345:1351 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 7 16 used used 1357:1360 arg2 pore 1367:1370 a pore former 1365:1377 a pore former 1365:1377 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 3 17 theme drug 695:698 arg1 presence 679:686 The presence 675:686 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution 675:724 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 1 18 theme slow/non-drug 384:396 arg1 phase 406:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 18 theme slow/non-drug 384:396 arg1 phase 377:381 an initial lag phase 362:381 an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase) 362:411 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 8 19 theme MS 1501:1502 arg1 release 1490:1496 the controlled release 1475:1496 the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase 1475:1540 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 7 20 from release 1424:1430 arg1 dogs 1442:1445 beagle dogs 1435:1445 beagle dogs 1435:1445 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 6 21 theme cumulative 1172:1181 arg1 % 1230:1230 up to 9.2% 1221:1230 up to 9.2% 1221:1230 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 6 21 theme cumulative 1172:1181 arg1 percent 1183:1189 the cumulative percent 1168:1189 the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h 1168:1215 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 8 22 theme coated 1509:1514 arg1 pellets 1516:1522 coated pellets 1509:1522 coated pellets without lag phase 1509:1540 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 7 23 theme MS 1345:1346 arg1 pore 1367:1370 a pore former 1365:1377 a pore former 1365:1377 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 7 23 theme MS 1345:1346 arg1 drug 1348:1351 MS drug 1345:1351 MS drug 1345:1351 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 7 24 dep in 1411:1412 arg1 vivo 1414:1417 vivo 1414:1417 vivo 1414:1417 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 3 25 theme coating 709:715 arg1 solution 717:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 0 26 theme lag 91:93 arg1 phase 95:99 lag phase 91:99 lag phase 91:99 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 1 27 theme water-soluble 314:326 arg1 MS 350:351 MS 350:351 MS 350:351 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 27 theme water-soluble 314:326 arg1 succinate 339:347 water-soluble metoprolol succinate 314:347 water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 314:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 7 28 theme beagle 1435:1440 arg1 dogs 1442:1445 beagle dogs 1435:1445 beagle dogs 1435:1445 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 1 29 theme succinate 339:347 arg1 release 303:309 the controlled release 288:309 the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 288:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 30 theme controlled 292:301 arg1 release 303:309 the controlled release 288:309 the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 288:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 31 theme active 255:260 arg1 dose 262:265 partial active dose 247:265 partial active dose 247:265 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 4 32 theme level 924:928 arg1 X1 931:932 former MS level (X1) 914:933 former MS level (X1) 914:933 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 0 33 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 pellets 28:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets 0:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 0:155 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 33 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 characterization 102:117 characterization 102:117 characterization 102:117 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 33 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 evaluation 145:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 33 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 optimization 120:131 optimization 120:131 optimization 120:131 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 2 34 theme drug 594:597 arg1 solution 599:606 a concentrated drug solution 579:606 a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) 579:625 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 7 35 from pellets 1321:1327 arg1 release 1298:1304 in vitro drug release 1284:1304 in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets 1284:1327 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 2 36 theme high 438:441 arg1 efficiency 456:465 a high drug-loading efficiency 436:465 a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w) 436:476 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 0 37 theme controlled 40:49 arg1 release 51:57 controlled release 40:57 controlled release of metoprolol succinate 40:81 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 1 38 theme former 277:282 arg1 pore 272:275 a pore 270:275 a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 270:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 38 theme former 277:282 arg1 pellet 235:240 a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet 200:240 a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose 200:265 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 7 39 dep in 1284:1285 arg1 vitro 1287:1291 vitro 1287:1291 vitro 1287:1291 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 4 40 theme former 914:919 arg1 X1 931:932 former MS level (X1) 914:933 former MS level (X1) 914:933 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 0 41 theme succinate 73:81 arg1 release 51:57 controlled release 40:57 controlled release of metoprolol succinate 40:81 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 1 42 with pellet 235:240 arg1 dose 262:265 partial active dose 247:265 partial active dose 247:265 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 0 43 dep pellets 28:34 arg1 pellets 28:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets 0:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 0:155 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 43 dep pellets 28:34 arg1 characterization 102:117 characterization 102:117 characterization 102:117 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 43 dep pellets 28:34 arg1 evaluation 145:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 43 dep pellets 28:34 arg1 optimization 120:131 optimization 120:131 optimization 120:131 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 6 44 theme MS 1194:1195 arg1 % 1230:1230 up to 9.2% 1221:1230 up to 9.2% 1221:1230 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 6 44 theme MS 1194:1195 arg1 percent 1183:1189 the cumulative percent 1168:1189 the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h 1168:1215 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 7 45 theme initial 1250:1256 arg1 phase 1262:1266 the initial lag phase 1246:1266 the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets 1246:1327 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 7 45 theme initial 1250:1256 arg1 absent 1333:1338 absent 1333:1338 absent 1333:1338 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 6 46 theme X2 1109:1110 arg1 % 1139:1139 17% 1137:1139 17% 1137:1139 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 6 46 theme X2 1109:1110 arg1 level 1093:1097 The level 1089:1097 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization 1089:1130 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 2 47 theme resistance 524:533 arg1 level 515:519 an acceptable level 501:519 an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion 501:545 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 2 47 theme resistance 524:533 arg1 surface 488:494 a smooth surface 479:494 a smooth surface 479:494 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 2 47 theme resistance 524:533 arg1 efficiency 456:465 a high drug-loading efficiency 436:465 a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w) 436:476 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 4 48 theme coating 942:948 arg1 X2 957:958 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 6 49 theme X1 1102:1103 arg1 % 1139:1139 17% 1137:1139 17% 1137:1139 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 6 49 theme X1 1102:1103 arg1 level 1093:1097 The level 1089:1097 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization 1089:1130 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 1 50 theme partial 247:253 arg1 dose 262:265 partial active dose 247:265 partial active dose 247:265 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 2 51 theme other 660:664 arg1 binders 666:672 other binders 660:672 other binders 660:672 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 5 52 theme pore 986:989 arg1 level 998:1002 The pore former level 982:1002 The pore former level 982:1002 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 0 53 theme in 137:138 arg1 pellets 28:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets 0:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 0:155 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 53 theme in 137:138 arg1 evaluation 145:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 7 54 theme former 1372:1377 arg1 pore 1367:1370 a pore former 1365:1377 a pore former 1365:1377 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 7 54 theme former 1372:1377 arg1 drug 1348:1351 MS drug 1345:1351 MS drug 1345:1351 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 2 55 theme smooth 481:486 arg1 surface 488:494 a smooth surface 479:494 a smooth surface 479:494 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 8 56 theme novel 1456:1460 arg1 approach 1462:1469 a novel approach 1454:1469 a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase 1454:1540 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 1 57 theme novel 202:206 arg1 pore 272:275 a pore 270:275 a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 270:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 57 theme novel 202:206 arg1 pellet 235:240 a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet 200:240 a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose 200:265 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 4 58 theme response 829:836 arg1 methodology 846:856 response surface methodology 829:856 response surface methodology 829:856 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 4 59 from effect 899:904 arg1 release 973:979 the drug release 964:979 the drug release 964:979 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 1 60 theme lag 373:375 arg1 phase 406:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 60 theme lag 373:375 arg1 phase 377:381 an initial lag phase 362:381 an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase) 362:411 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 5 61 theme former 991:996 arg1 level 998:1002 The pore former level 982:1002 The pore former level 982:1002 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 8 62 theme pellets 1634:1640 arg1 advancement 1601:1611 the advancement 1597:1611 the advancement of sustained-release pellets 1597:1640 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 2 63 theme w/w 613:615 arg1 % 611:611 60% w/w 609:615 60% w/w 609:615 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 8 64 theme controlled 1479:1488 arg1 release 1490:1496 the controlled release 1475:1496 the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase 1475:1540 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 3 65 theme coating 753:759 arg1 process 761:767 the coating process 749:767 the coating process 749:767 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 4 66 theme Central 800:806 arg1 design 818:823 Central composite design 800:823 Central composite design 800:823 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 8 67 from pellets 1516:1522 arg1 release 1490:1496 the controlled release 1475:1496 the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase 1475:1540 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 1 68 theme release 398:404 arg1 phase 406:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 slow/non-drug release phase 384:410 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 68 theme release 398:404 arg1 phase 377:381 an initial lag phase 362:381 an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase) 362:411 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 2 69 with cores 425:429 arg1 level 515:519 an acceptable level 501:519 an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion 501:545 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 2 69 with cores 425:429 arg1 surface 488:494 a smooth surface 479:494 a smooth surface 479:494 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 2 69 with cores 425:429 arg1 efficiency 456:465 a high drug-loading efficiency 436:465 a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w) 436:476 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 0 70 dep in 137:138 arg1 vivo 140:143 vivo 140:143 vivo 140:143 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 3 71 theme pellet 781:786 arg1 stickiness 788:797 pellet stickiness 781:797 pellet stickiness 781:797 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 2 72 theme drug-loading 443:454 arg1 efficiency 456:465 a high drug-loading efficiency 436:465 a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w) 436:476 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 2 73 theme concentrated 581:592 arg1 solution 599:606 a concentrated drug solution 579:606 a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) 579:625 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 1 74 theme metoprolol 328:337 arg1 MS 350:351 MS 350:351 MS 350:351 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 74 theme metoprolol 328:337 arg1 succinate 339:347 water-soluble metoprolol succinate 314:347 water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 314:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 7 75 theme EC-coated 1311:1319 arg1 pellets 1321:1327 EC-coated pellets 1311:1327 EC-coated pellets 1311:1327 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 3 76 from presence 679:686 arg1 solution 717:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 3 77 theme EC 706:707 arg1 solution 717:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 8 78 theme lag 1532:1534 arg1 phase 1536:1540 lag phase 1532:1540 lag phase 1532:1540 Thus, a novel approach for the controlled release of MS from coated pellets without lag phase has been successfully developed, which is valuable for the advancement of sustained-release pellets. 24980911 0 79 theme ethylcellulose-coated 6:26 arg1 pellets 28:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets 0:34 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 0:155 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 79 theme ethylcellulose-coated 6:26 arg1 characterization 102:117 characterization 102:117 characterization 102:117 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 79 theme ethylcellulose-coated 6:26 arg1 evaluation 145:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 in vivo evaluation 137:154 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 0 79 theme ethylcellulose-coated 6:26 arg1 optimization 120:131 optimization 120:131 optimization 120:131 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 7 80 theme drug 1419:1422 arg1 release 1424:1430 in vivo drug release 1411:1430 in vivo drug release in beagle dogs 1411:1445 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 4 81 theme MS 921:922 arg1 X1 931:932 former MS level (X1) 914:933 former MS level (X1) 914:933 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 3 82 attach presence 679:686 arg1 solution 717:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 an EC coating solution 703:724 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 3 82 attach presence 679:686 arg2 drug 695:698 the drug 691:698 the drug 691:698 The presence of the drug in an EC coating solution significantly improved the coating process by reducing pellet stickiness. 24980911 7 83 theme in 1411:1412 arg1 release 1424:1430 in vivo drug release 1411:1430 in vivo drug release in beagle dogs 1411:1445 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 2 84 theme binders 666:672 arg1 absence 649:655 the absence 645:655 the absence of other binders 645:672 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 5 85 theme MS 1033:1034 arg1 release 1036:1042 the MS release 1029:1042 the MS release 1029:1042 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 0 86 theme metoprolol 62:71 arg1 succinate 73:81 metoprolol succinate 62:81 metoprolol succinate 62:81 Novel ethylcellulose-coated pellets for controlled release of metoprolol succinate without lag phase: characterization, optimization and in vivo evaluation. 24980911 2 87 dep efficiency 456:465 arg1 w/w 473:475 w/w 473:475 w/w 473:475 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 2 87 dep efficiency 456:465 arg1 % 470:470 97% 468:470 97% 468:470 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 7 88 theme drug 1293:1296 arg1 release 1298:1304 in vitro drug release 1284:1304 in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets 1284:1327 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 6 89 dep 9.2 1227:1229 arg1 to 1224:1225 to 1224:1225 to 1224:1225 The level of X1 and X2 of the optimization were 17% and 23%, respectively, and the cumulative percent of MS released within 1 h was up to 9.2%. 24980911 4 90 theme pore 909:912 arg1 effect 899:904 the effect 895:904 the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release 895:979 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 5 91 theme positive 1010:1017 arg1 effect 1019:1024 a positive effect 1008:1024 a positive effect 1008:1024 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 24980911 7 92 theme in 1284:1285 arg1 release 1298:1304 in vitro drug release 1284:1304 in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets 1284:1327 Accordingly, the initial lag phase associated with in vitro drug release from EC-coated pellets was absent when MS drug was used as a pore former, which was further confirmed by in vivo drug release in beagle dogs. 24980911 4 93 theme level 950:954 arg1 X2 957:958 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 EC coating level (X2) 939:959 Central composite design and response surface methodology was employed to optimize and explore the effect of pore former MS level (X1) and EC coating level (X2) on the drug release. 24980911 2 94 from non-pareils 630:640 arg1 absence 649:655 the absence 645:655 the absence of other binders 645:672 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 1 95 theme -coated 227:233 arg1 pore 272:275 a pore 270:275 a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) 270:352 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 1 95 theme -coated 227:233 arg1 pellet 235:240 a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet 200:240 a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose 200:265 The objective of this study was to develop a novel ethylcellulose (EC)-coated pellet with partial active dose as a pore former for the controlled release of water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MS) without an initial lag phase (slow/non-drug release phase). 24980911 2 96 theme MS-layered 414:423 arg1 cores 425:429 MS-layered cores 414:429 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion 414:545 MS-layered cores with a high drug-loading efficiency (97%, w/w), a smooth surface, and an acceptable level of resistance to abrasion were first obtained by spraying a concentrated drug solution (60% w/w at 70 °C) on non-pareils in the absence of other binders. 24980911 5 97 theme negative 1072:1079 arg1 effect 1081:1086 a negative effect 1070:1086 a negative effect 1070:1086 The pore former level had a positive effect on the MS release and the coating level had a negative effect. 25460985 0 0 theme polymeric 79:87 arg1 substances 89:98 extracellular polymeric substances 65:98 extracellular polymeric substances 65:98 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 5 1 theme sludge 771:776 arg1 unstable 789:796 unstable 789:796 unstable 789:796 The sludge flocs were unstable after exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L) because of excess LB-EPS. 25460985 5 1 theme sludge 771:776 arg1 flocs 778:782 The sludge flocs 767:782 The sludge flocs 767:782 The sludge flocs were unstable after exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L) because of excess LB-EPS. 25460985 7 2 theme CuO 1096:1098 arg1 NPs 1100:1102 the CuO NPs 1092:1102 the CuO NPs 1092:1102 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 1 3 theme polymeric 247:255 arg1 substances 257:266 extracellular polymeric substances 233:266 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 233:272 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 3 theme polymeric 247:255 arg1 EPS 269:271 EPS 269:271 EPS 269:271 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 0 4 theme extracellular 65:77 arg1 substances 89:98 extracellular polymeric substances 65:98 extracellular polymeric substances 65:98 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 7 5 theme NPs 1100:1102 arg1 effects 1081:1087 the adverse effects 1069:1087 the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge 1069:1122 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 1 6 from effects 161:167 arg1 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 6 from effects 161:167 arg1 stability 298:306 the physicochemical stability 278:306 the physicochemical stability of activated sludge 278:326 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 6 from effects 161:167 arg1 production 203:212 production 203:212 production 203:212 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 4 7 theme proteins 719:726 arg1 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 7 theme proteins 719:726 arg1 group 710:714 the carboxyl group 697:714 the carboxyl group of proteins 697:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 7 theme proteins 719:726 arg1 group 687:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 1 8 theme substances 257:266 arg1 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 8 theme substances 257:266 arg1 stability 298:306 the physicochemical stability 278:306 the physicochemical stability of activated sludge 278:326 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 8 theme substances 257:266 arg1 production 203:212 production 203:212 production 203:212 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 6 9 theme cell 897:900 arg1 viability 902:910 decreased cell viability 887:910 decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs 887:930 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 6 10 theme dehydrogenase 1019:1031 arg1 release 1000:1006 the release 996:1006 the release of lactate dehydrogenase 996:1031 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 6 10 theme dehydrogenase 1019:1031 arg1 production 954:963 the production 950:963 the production of reactive oxygen species 950:990 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 4 11 theme transform-infrared 603:620 arg1 analysis 635:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis 595:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis 595:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 0 12 theme substances 89:98 arg1 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 0 12 theme substances 89:98 arg1 production 35:44 production 35:44 production 35:44 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 6 13 theme decreased 887:895 arg1 viability 902:910 decreased cell viability 887:910 decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs 887:930 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 6 14 theme flocs 926:930 arg1 viability 902:910 decreased cell viability 887:910 decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs 887:930 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 4 15 theme Fourier 595:601 arg1 analysis 635:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis 595:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis 595:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 0 16 theme stability 120:128 arg1 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 0 16 theme stability 120:128 arg1 production 35:44 production 35:44 production 35:44 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 7 17 theme adverse 1073:1079 arg1 effects 1081:1087 the adverse effects 1069:1087 the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge 1069:1122 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 1 18 theme CuO 172:174 arg1 NPs 191:193 NPs 191:193 NPs 191:193 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 18 theme CuO 172:174 arg1 nanoparticles 176:188 CuO nanoparticles 172:188 CuO nanoparticles (NPs) 172:194 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 0 19 theme physicochemical 104:118 arg1 stability 120:128 physicochemical stability 104:128 physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs 104:154 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 6 20 theme species 984:990 arg1 release 1000:1006 the release 996:1006 the release of lactate dehydrogenase 996:1031 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 6 20 theme species 984:990 arg1 production 954:963 the production 950:963 the production of reactive oxygen species 950:990 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 1 21 theme nanoparticles 176:188 arg1 effects 161:167 The effects 157:167 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge 157:326 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 7 22 from effects 1081:1087 arg1 sludge 1117:1122 activated sludge 1107:1122 activated sludge 1107:1122 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 4 23 theme carboxyl 701:708 arg1 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 23 theme carboxyl 701:708 arg1 group 710:714 the carboxyl group 697:714 the carboxyl group of proteins 697:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 5 24 theme CuO 816:818 arg1 50mg/L 825:830 50mg/L 825:830 50mg/L 825:830 The sludge flocs were unstable after exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L) because of excess LB-EPS. 25460985 5 24 theme CuO 816:818 arg1 NPs 820:822 CuO NPs 816:822 CuO NPs (50mg/L) 816:831 The sludge flocs were unstable after exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L) because of excess LB-EPS. 25460985 6 25 theme sludge 919:924 arg1 flocs 926:930 the sludge flocs 915:930 the sludge flocs 915:930 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 5 26 theme excess 844:849 arg1 LB-EPS 851:856 excess LB-EPS 844:856 excess LB-EPS 844:856 The sludge flocs were unstable after exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L) because of excess LB-EPS. 25460985 7 27 theme wastewater 1127:1136 arg1 plants 1148:1153 wastewater treatment plants 1127:1153 wastewater treatment plants 1127:1153 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 0 28 theme activated 133:141 arg1 flocs 150:154 activated sludge flocs 133:154 activated sludge flocs 133:154 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 3 29 theme CuO 577:579 arg1 NPs 581:583 CuO NPs 577:583 CuO NPs (50mg/L) 577:592 Specifically, polysaccharide production increased by 89.7% compared to control upon exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L). 25460985 3 29 theme CuO 577:579 arg1 50mg/L 586:591 50mg/L 586:591 50mg/L 586:591 Specifically, polysaccharide production increased by 89.7% compared to control upon exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L). 25460985 0 30 theme CuO 10:12 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of CuO 0:12 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 4 31 theme CuO 758:760 arg1 NPs 762:764 CuO NPs 758:764 CuO NPs 758:764 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 1 32 theme physicochemical 282:296 arg1 stability 298:306 the physicochemical stability 278:306 the physicochemical stability of activated sludge 278:326 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 0 33 theme flocs 150:154 arg1 substances 89:98 extracellular polymeric substances 65:98 extracellular polymeric substances 65:98 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 0 33 theme flocs 150:154 arg1 stability 120:128 physicochemical stability 104:128 physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs 104:154 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 4 34 theme COC 683:685 arg1 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 34 theme COC 683:685 arg1 group 687:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 2 35 theme substances 427:436 arg1 production 375:384 enhanced production 366:384 enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) 366:445 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 2 36 theme extracellular 403:415 arg1 substances 427:436 extracellular polymeric substances 403:436 loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) 389:445 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 2 36 theme extracellular 403:415 arg1 LB-EPS 439:444 LB-EPS 439:444 LB-EPS 439:444 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 0 37 theme sludge 143:148 arg1 flocs 150:154 activated sludge flocs 133:154 activated sludge flocs 133:154 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 6 38 theme oxygen 977:982 arg1 species 984:990 reactive oxygen species 968:990 reactive oxygen species 968:990 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 0 39 dep production 35:44 arg1 the 31:33 the 31:33 the 31:33 Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs. 25460985 2 40 theme polymeric 417:425 arg1 substances 427:436 extracellular polymeric substances 403:436 loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) 389:445 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 2 40 theme polymeric 417:425 arg1 LB-EPS 439:444 LB-EPS 439:444 LB-EPS 439:444 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 6 41 theme lactate 1011:1017 arg1 dehydrogenase 1019:1031 lactate dehydrogenase 1011:1031 lactate dehydrogenase 1011:1031 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 7 42 theme activated 1107:1115 arg1 sludge 1117:1122 activated sludge 1107:1122 activated sludge 1107:1122 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 1 43 theme activated 311:319 arg1 sludge 321:326 activated sludge 311:326 activated sludge 311:326 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 44 theme sludge 321:326 arg1 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 44 theme sludge 321:326 arg1 stability 298:306 the physicochemical stability 278:306 the physicochemical stability of activated sludge 278:326 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 44 theme sludge 321:326 arg1 production 203:212 production 203:212 production 203:212 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 3 45 theme polysaccharide 495:508 arg1 production 510:519 polysaccharide production 495:519 polysaccharide production 495:519 Specifically, polysaccharide production increased by 89.7% compared to control upon exposure to CuO NPs (50mg/L). 25460985 4 46 theme NPs 762:764 arg1 presence 746:753 the presence 742:753 the presence of CuO NPs 742:764 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 1 47 dep production 203:212 arg1 the 199:201 the 199:201 the 199:201 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 4 48 theme spectroscopy 622:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis 595:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis 595:642 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 49 from changes 653:659 arg1 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 49 from changes 653:659 arg1 EPS 735:737 the EPS 731:737 the EPS 731:737 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 49 from changes 653:659 arg1 group 710:714 the carboxyl group 697:714 the carboxyl group of proteins 697:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 49 from changes 653:659 arg1 group 687:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 50 theme polysaccharide 668:681 arg1 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 proteins 719:726 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 4 50 theme polysaccharide 668:681 arg1 group 687:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 the polysaccharide COC group 664:691 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in the polysaccharide COC group and the carboxyl group of proteins in the EPS in the presence of CuO NPs. 25460985 2 51 theme bound 397:401 arg1 substances 427:436 extracellular polymeric substances 403:436 loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) 389:445 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 2 51 theme bound 397:401 arg1 LB-EPS 439:444 LB-EPS 439:444 LB-EPS 439:444 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 6 52 theme reactive 968:975 arg1 species 984:990 reactive oxygen species 968:990 reactive oxygen species 968:990 This also corresponded with decreased cell viability of the sludge flocs, as determined by the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 25460985 7 53 theme treatment 1138:1146 arg1 plants 1148:1153 wastewater treatment plants 1127:1153 wastewater treatment plants 1127:1153 These results are key to assessing the adverse effects of the CuO NPs on activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. 25460985 2 54 theme enhanced 366:373 arg1 production 375:384 enhanced production 366:384 enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) 366:445 The results showed enhanced production of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), protecting against nanotoxicity. 25460985 1 55 theme extracellular 233:245 arg1 substances 257:266 extracellular polymeric substances 233:266 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 233:272 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 25460985 1 55 theme extracellular 233:245 arg1 EPS 269:271 EPS 269:271 EPS 269:271 The effects of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the physicochemical stability of activated sludge were investigated. 28978875 3 0 theme gut 320:322 arg1 composition 334:344 gut microbial composition 320:344 gut microbial composition 320:344 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 7 1 theme non-esterified 673:686 arg1 concentrations 699:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 8 2 theme AGO-receiving 1011:1023 arg1 mice 1025:1028 AGO-receiving mice 1011:1028 AGO-receiving mice 1011:1028 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 7 3 theme epididymal 629:638 arg1 weights 655:661 epididymal adipose tissue weights 629:661 epididymal adipose tissue weights 629:661 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 7 4 theme adipose 640:646 arg1 weights 655:661 epididymal adipose tissue weights 629:661 epididymal adipose tissue weights 629:661 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 3 5 theme microbial 324:332 arg1 composition 334:344 gut microbial composition 320:344 gut microbial composition 320:344 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 12 6 theme AGO-received 1477:1488 arg1 mice 1490:1493 AGO-received mice 1477:1493 AGO-received mice 1477:1493 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 7 7 theme fatty 688:692 arg1 concentrations 699:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 8 8 theme ursodeoxycholic 966:980 arg1 acid 982:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 8 theme ursodeoxycholic 966:980 arg1 acids 919:923 secondary bile acids 904:923 secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) 904:986 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 12 9 theme microbial 1590:1598 arg1 composition 1600:1610 the gut microbial composition 1582:1610 the gut microbial composition 1582:1610 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 5 10 theme 16S 422:424 arg1 analyses 447:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. 28978875 2 11 dep hydrolyzed 168:177 arg1 designated 213:222 designated 213:222 designated as agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) 213:254 Agarose is hydrolyzed easily to yield oligosaccharides, designated as agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO). 28978875 12 12 theme mice 1490:1493 arg1 microbes 1465:1472 gut microbes 1461:1472 gut microbes of AGO-received mice 1461:1493 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 11 13 theme Ruminococcus 1350:1361 arg1 abundances 1320:1329 The relative abundances 1307:1329 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus 1307:1361 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 5 14 theme rRNA 426:429 arg1 analyses 447:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. 28978875 8 15 theme primary 827:833 arg1 acids 840:844 primary bile acids 827:844 primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) 827:884 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 15 theme primary 827:833 arg1 acid 854:857 cholic acid 847:857 cholic acid 847:857 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 15 theme primary 827:833 arg1 acid 880:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 9 16 theme AGO-receiving 1138:1150 arg1 mice 1152:1155 AGO-receiving mice 1138:1155 AGO-receiving mice 1138:1155 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 0 17 from Accumulation 66:77 arg1 Mice 82:85 Mice 82:85 Mice 82:85 Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice. 28978875 8 18 theme bile 914:917 arg1 acid 982:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 18 theme bile 914:917 arg1 acids 919:923 secondary bile acids 904:923 secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) 904:986 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 18 theme bile 914:917 arg1 acid 938:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 18 theme bile 914:917 arg1 acid 956:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 10 19 theme Lachnospiraceae 1213:1227 arg1 abundances 1181:1190 the relative abundances 1168:1190 the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae 1168:1227 Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 7 20 theme tissue 648:653 arg1 weights 655:661 epididymal adipose tissue weights 629:661 epididymal adipose tissue weights 629:661 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 11 21 theme relative 1311:1318 arg1 abundances 1320:1329 The relative abundances 1307:1329 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus 1307:1361 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 4 22 theme AGO-receiving 401:413 arg1 mice 415:418 AGO-receiving mice 401:418 AGO-receiving mice 401:418 Mice were administered AGO in drinking water (AGO-receiving mice). 28978875 12 23 theme definitive 1442:1451 arg1 role 1453:1456 the definitive role 1438:1456 the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice 1438:1493 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 12 23 theme definitive 1442:1451 arg1 unknown 1504:1510 unknown 1504:1510 unknown 1504:1510 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 10 24 theme tissue 1292:1297 arg1 weight 1299:1304 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1273:1304 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1273:1304 Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 12 25 theme microbes 1465:1472 arg1 role 1453:1456 the definitive role 1438:1456 the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice 1438:1493 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 12 25 theme microbes 1465:1472 arg1 unknown 1504:1510 unknown 1504:1510 unknown 1504:1510 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 1 26 theme Gut 88:90 arg1 microbiota 92:101 Gut microbiota 88:101 Gut microbiota 88:101 Gut microbiota are deeply associated with the prevalence of obesity. 28978875 10 27 theme adipose 1284:1290 arg1 weight 1299:1304 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1273:1304 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1273:1304 Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 6 28 theme LC-MS/MS 540:547 arg1 system 549:554 a LC-MS/MS system 538:554 a LC-MS/MS system 538:554 Serum bile acids were ascertained using a LC-MS/MS system. 28978875 7 29 theme control 573:579 arg1 group 581:585 the control group 569:585 the control group 569:585 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 10 30 theme epididymal 1273:1282 arg1 weight 1299:1304 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1273:1304 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1273:1304 Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 9 31 theme rRNA 1035:1038 arg1 analyses 1056:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 32 from profile 791:797 arg1 Data 761:764 Data 761:764 Data from the serum bile acid profile 761:797 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 12 33 from obesity 1625:1631 arg1 mice 1636:1639 mice 1636:1639 mice 1636:1639 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 4 34 theme drinking 385:392 arg1 water 394:398 drinking water 385:398 drinking water 385:398 Mice were administered AGO in drinking water (AGO-receiving mice). 28978875 9 35 theme relative 1081:1088 arg1 abundances 1090:1099 the relative abundances 1077:1099 the relative abundances of 15 taxa 1077:1110 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 36 theme bile 835:838 arg1 acids 840:844 primary bile acids 827:844 primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) 827:884 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 36 theme bile 835:838 arg1 acid 854:857 cholic acid 847:857 cholic acid 847:857 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 36 theme bile 835:838 arg1 acid 880:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 5 37 theme fecal 471:475 arg1 profiles 488:495 their fecal microbiota profiles 465:495 their fecal microbiota profiles 465:495 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. 28978875 10 38 theme Rikenellaceae 1195:1207 arg1 abundances 1181:1190 the relative abundances 1168:1190 the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae 1168:1227 Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 0 39 theme Gut 32:34 arg1 Microbiota 36:45 Gut Microbiota 32:45 Gut Microbiota 32:45 Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice. 28978875 3 40 theme AGO 293:295 arg1 effects 282:288 the effects 278:288 the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice 278:352 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 7 41 theme cecal 723:727 arg1 weights 737:743 the cecal content weights 719:743 the cecal content weights 719:743 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 5 42 theme microbiota 477:486 arg1 profiles 488:495 their fecal microbiota profiles 465:495 their fecal microbiota profiles 465:495 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. 28978875 0 43 theme Adipose 51:57 arg1 Accumulation 66:77 Adipose Tissue Accumulation 51:77 Adipose Tissue Accumulation 51:77 Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice. 28978875 12 44 theme gut 1586:1588 arg1 composition 1600:1610 the gut microbial composition 1582:1610 the gut microbial composition 1582:1610 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 6 45 theme Serum 498:502 arg1 acids 509:513 Serum bile acids 498:513 Serum bile acids 498:513 Serum bile acids were ascertained using a LC-MS/MS system. 28978875 7 46 theme content 729:735 arg1 weights 737:743 the cecal content weights 719:743 the cecal content weights 719:743 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 9 47 theme gene 1040:1043 arg1 analyses 1056:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 48 theme secondary 904:912 arg1 acid 982:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 48 theme secondary 904:912 arg1 acids 919:923 secondary bile acids 904:923 secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) 904:986 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 48 theme secondary 904:912 arg1 acid 938:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 48 theme secondary 904:912 arg1 acid 956:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 49 theme acids 840:844 arg1 concentrations 809:822 concentrations 809:822 concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), 809:987 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 11 50 theme epididymal 1395:1404 arg1 weight 1421:1426 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1395:1426 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1395:1426 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 3 51 from effects 282:288 arg1 composition 334:344 gut microbial composition 320:344 gut microbial composition 320:344 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 3 51 from effects 282:288 arg1 phenotype 306:314 obese phenotype 300:314 obese phenotype 300:314 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 12 52 theme gut 1461:1463 arg1 microbes 1465:1472 gut microbes 1461:1472 gut microbes of AGO-received mice 1461:1493 Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice. 28978875 6 53 theme bile 504:507 arg1 acids 509:513 Serum bile acids 498:513 Serum bile acids 498:513 Serum bile acids were ascertained using a LC-MS/MS system. 28978875 8 54 theme chenodeoxycholic 863:878 arg1 acids 840:844 primary bile acids 827:844 primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) 827:884 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 54 theme chenodeoxycholic 863:878 arg1 acid 880:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 0 55 theme Tissue 59:64 arg1 Accumulation 66:77 Adipose Tissue Accumulation 51:77 Adipose Tissue Accumulation 51:77 Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice. 28978875 8 56 theme serum 775:779 arg1 profile 791:797 the serum bile acid profile 771:797 the serum bile acid profile 771:797 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 7 57 theme serum 667:671 arg1 concentrations 699:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 5 58 theme gene 431:434 arg1 analyses 447:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. 28978875 9 59 theme sequencing 1045:1054 arg1 analyses 1056:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 60 theme deoxycholic 926:936 arg1 acids 919:923 secondary bile acids 904:923 secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) 904:986 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 60 theme deoxycholic 926:936 arg1 acid 938:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 11 61 theme adipose 1406:1412 arg1 weight 1421:1426 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1395:1426 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1395:1426 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 5 62 theme sequencing 436:445 arg1 analyses 447:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 422:454 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. 28978875 8 63 theme acid 786:789 arg1 profile 791:797 the serum bile acid profile 771:797 the serum bile acid profile 771:797 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 3 64 theme obese 300:304 arg1 phenotype 306:314 obese phenotype 300:314 obese phenotype 300:314 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 3 65 from composition 334:344 arg1 mice 349:352 mice 349:352 mice 349:352 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 9 66 theme taxa 1107:1110 arg1 abundances 1090:1099 the relative abundances 1077:1099 the relative abundances of 15 taxa 1077:1110 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 67 theme lithocholic 944:954 arg1 acids 919:923 secondary bile acids 904:923 secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) 904:986 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 67 theme lithocholic 944:954 arg1 acid 956:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 68 theme those 895:899 arg1 concentrations 809:822 concentrations 809:822 concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), 809:987 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 69 theme cholic 847:852 arg1 acids 840:844 primary bile acids 827:844 primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) 827:884 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 69 theme cholic 847:852 arg1 acid 854:857 cholic acid 847:857 cholic acid 847:857 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 70 theme bile 781:784 arg1 profile 791:797 the serum bile acid profile 771:797 the serum bile acid profile 771:797 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 11 71 theme tissue 1414:1419 arg1 weight 1421:1426 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1395:1426 epididymal adipose tissue weight 1395:1426 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 7 72 theme acid 694:697 arg1 concentrations 699:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations 667:712 Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. 28978875 8 73 dep acids 919:923 arg1 acid 982:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 ursodeoxycholic acid 966:985 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 73 dep acids 919:923 arg1 acids 919:923 secondary bile acids 904:923 secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) 904:986 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 73 dep acids 919:923 arg1 acid 938:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 deoxycholic acid 926:941 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 73 dep acids 919:923 arg1 acid 956:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 lithocholic acid 944:959 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 1 74 theme obesity 148:154 arg1 prevalence 134:143 the prevalence 130:143 the prevalence of obesity 130:154 Gut microbiota are deeply associated with the prevalence of obesity. 28978875 4 75 dep administered 365:376 arg1 mice 415:418 AGO-receiving mice 401:418 AGO-receiving mice 401:418 Mice were administered AGO in drinking water (AGO-receiving mice). 28978875 3 76 from phenotype 306:314 arg1 mice 349:352 mice 349:352 mice 349:352 This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. 28978875 0 77 from Microbiota 36:45 arg1 Mice 82:85 Mice 82:85 Mice 82:85 Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice. 28978875 11 78 theme Bacteroides 1334:1344 arg1 abundances 1320:1329 The relative abundances 1307:1329 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus 1307:1361 The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 8 79 dep acids 840:844 arg1 acids 840:844 primary bile acids 827:844 primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) 827:884 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 79 dep acids 840:844 arg1 acid 854:857 cholic acid 847:857 cholic acid 847:857 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 8 79 dep acids 840:844 arg1 acid 880:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 chenodeoxycholic acid 863:883 Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 10 80 theme relative 1172:1179 arg1 abundances 1181:1190 the relative abundances 1168:1190 the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae 1168:1227 Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. 28978875 9 81 theme 16S 1031:1033 arg1 analyses 1056:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses 1031:1063 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. 28978875 2 82 dep designated 213:222 arg1 AGO 251:253 AGO 251:253 AGO 251:253 Agarose is hydrolyzed easily to yield oligosaccharides, designated as agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO). 27986292 3 0 with contents 567:574 arg1 felodipine 633:642 felodipine 633:642 felodipine (FEL) 633:648 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 0 with contents 567:574 arg1 drug 627:630 a hydrophobic drug 613:630 a hydrophobic drug 613:630 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 1 1 theme supersaturation 186:200 arg1 potential 202:210 supersaturation potential 186:210 supersaturation potential 186:210 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 1 2 theme amorphous 277:285 arg1 dispersions 295:305 amorphous polymer dispersions 277:305 amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs 277:378 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 5 3 theme HB 879:880 arg1 probability 882:892 a low HB probability 873:892 a low HB probability (p < 0.1) 873:902 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 3 theme HB 879:880 arg1 < 897:897 p < 0.1 895:901 p < 0.1 895:901 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 7 4 theme Flory-Huggins 1066:1078 arg1 parameter 1101:1109 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter 1062:1109 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) 1062:1124 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 7 4 theme Flory-Huggins 1066:1078 arg1 ± 1118:1118 -0.20 ± 0.07 1112:1123 -0.20 ± 0.07 1112:1123 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 3 5 from contents 567:574 arg1 HPMC 540:543 HPMC 540:543 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), 540:649 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 1 6 theme polymer 287:293 arg1 dispersions 295:305 amorphous polymer dispersions 277:305 amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs 277:378 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 8 7 dep FEL-N-H 1238:1244 arg1 the 1234:1236 the 1234:1236 the 1234:1236 However, HBs between the FEL-N-H and HPMC favoring miscibility are disrupted with increasing water. 27986292 5 8 dep 5-O- 798:801 arg1 the 794:796 the 794:796 the 794:796 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 6 9 from water 1055:1059 arg1 prevalent 1035:1043 prevalent 1035:1043 prevalent 1035:1043 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 27986292 1 10 theme molecular 143:151 arg1 interactions 153:164 drug-polymer molecular interactions 130:164 drug-polymer molecular interactions 130:164 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 0 11 with Mixtures 80:87 arg1 Felodipine 94:103 Felodipine 94:103 Felodipine 94:103 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 0 11 with Mixtures 80:87 arg1 Water 109:113 Water 109:113 Water 109:113 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 6 12 theme content 1007:1013 arg1 while clusters 1015:1028 low water content while clusters 997:1028 low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water 997:1059 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 27986292 5 13 theme repeat 837:842 arg1 unit 844:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 7 14 theme complete 1135:1142 arg1 miscibility 1144:1154 complete miscibility 1135:1154 complete miscibility 1135:1154 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 5 15 from 5-O- 798:801 arg1 unit 844:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 3 16 theme % 586:586 arg1 wt/wt 588:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 16 theme % 586:586 arg1 contents 567:574 low and high water contents 548:574 low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) 548:593 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 17 theme high 556:559 arg1 wt/wt 588:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 17 theme high 556:559 arg1 contents 567:574 low and high water contents 548:574 low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) 548:593 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 0 18 theme Dynamics 10:17 arg1 Simulation 19:28 Molecular Dynamics Simulation 0:28 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0:70 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 7 19 theme HPMC 1163:1166 arg1 compositions 1168:1179 all HPMC compositions 1159:1179 all HPMC compositions 1159:1179 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 5 20 theme p 895:895 arg1 probability 882:892 a low HB probability 873:892 a low HB probability (p < 0.1) 873:902 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 20 theme p 895:895 arg1 < 897:897 p < 0.1 895:901 p < 0.1 895:901 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 4 21 theme Tg 669:670 arg1 values 672:677 Tg values 669:677 Tg values 669:677 Tg values and densities after ∼30 ns aging at 298 K were close to published results. 27986292 0 22 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 Simulation 19:28 Molecular Dynamics Simulation 0:28 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0:70 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 4 23 theme published 735:743 arg1 results 745:751 published results 735:751 published results 735:751 Tg values and densities after ∼30 ns aging at 298 K were close to published results. 27986292 5 24 theme HPMC 850:853 arg1 atoms 862:866 HPMC oxygen atoms 850:866 HPMC oxygen atoms 850:866 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 2 25 theme substitution 496:507 arg1 patterns 509:516 the substitution patterns 492:516 the substitution patterns found experimentally 492:537 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a model for hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) resembling the substitution patterns found experimentally. 27986292 6 26 theme low 997:999 arg1 content 1007:1013 low water content 997:1013 low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water 997:1059 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 27986292 5 27 theme 3-OH 809:812 arg1 group 814:818 a 3-OH group 807:818 a 3-OH group 807:818 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 9 28 theme non-Einsteinian 1420:1434 arg1 nature 1436:1441 the non-Einsteinian nature 1416:1441 the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion 1416:1460 Apparent diffusion coefficients versus water content were generated for water and FEL and a theory for the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion is proposed. 27986292 9 29 theme diffusion 1452:1460 arg1 nature 1436:1441 the non-Einsteinian nature 1416:1441 the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion 1416:1460 Apparent diffusion coefficients versus water content were generated for water and FEL and a theory for the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion is proposed. 27986292 1 30 theme drug-polymer 130:141 arg1 interactions 153:164 drug-polymer molecular interactions 130:164 drug-polymer molecular interactions 130:164 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 1 31 theme water 232:236 arg1 uptake 238:243 water uptake 232:243 water uptake 232:243 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 0 32 theme Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 43:70 arg1 Simulation 19:28 Molecular Dynamics Simulation 0:28 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0:70 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 0 32 theme Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 43:70 arg1 Mixtures 80:87 Its Mixtures 76:87 Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water 76:113 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 1 33 theme oral 329:332 arg1 bioavailability 334:348 the oral bioavailability 325:348 the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs 325:378 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 9 34 theme water 1446:1450 arg1 diffusion 1452:1460 water diffusion 1446:1460 water diffusion 1446:1460 Apparent diffusion coefficients versus water content were generated for water and FEL and a theory for the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion is proposed. 27986292 3 35 with mixtures 599:606 arg1 felodipine 633:642 felodipine 633:642 felodipine (FEL) 633:648 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 35 with mixtures 599:606 arg1 drug 627:630 a hydrophobic drug 613:630 a hydrophobic drug 613:630 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 6 36 theme water 1001:1005 arg1 content 1007:1013 low water content 997:1013 low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water 997:1059 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 27986292 1 37 theme uptake 238:243 arg1 effects 221:227 the effects 217:227 the effects of water uptake 217:243 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 1 37 theme uptake 238:243 arg1 interactions 153:164 drug-polymer molecular interactions 130:164 drug-polymer molecular interactions 130:164 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 1 37 theme uptake 238:243 arg1 miscibility 173:183 their miscibility 167:183 their miscibility 167:183 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 1 37 theme uptake 238:243 arg1 potential 202:210 supersaturation potential 186:210 supersaturation potential 186:210 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 0 38 theme Amorphous 33:41 arg1 Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 43:70 Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 33:70 Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 33:70 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 5 39 theme neighboring 825:835 arg1 unit 844:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 7 40 theme FEL-HPMC 1080:1087 arg1 parameter 1101:1109 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter 1062:1109 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) 1062:1124 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 7 40 theme FEL-HPMC 1080:1087 arg1 ± 1118:1118 -0.20 ± 0.07 1112:1123 -0.20 ± 0.07 1112:1123 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 9 41 theme Apparent 1313:1320 arg1 coefficients 1332:1343 Apparent diffusion coefficients 1313:1343 Apparent diffusion coefficients 1313:1343 Apparent diffusion coefficients versus water content were generated for water and FEL and a theory for the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion is proposed. 27986292 6 42 theme % 1053:1053 arg1 water 1055:1059 ≥10.7% water 1048:1059 ≥10.7% water 1048:1059 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 27986292 3 43 theme hydrophobic 615:625 arg1 felodipine 633:642 felodipine 633:642 felodipine (FEL) 633:648 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 43 theme hydrophobic 615:625 arg1 drug 627:630 a hydrophobic drug 613:630 a hydrophobic drug 613:630 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 0 44 with Simulation 19:28 arg1 Felodipine 94:103 Felodipine 94:103 Felodipine 94:103 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 0 44 with Simulation 19:28 arg1 Water 109:113 Water 109:113 Water 109:113 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amorphous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Its Mixtures With Felodipine and Water. 27986292 2 45 theme dynamics 391:398 arg1 simulations 400:410 Molecular dynamics simulations 381:410 Molecular dynamics simulations 381:410 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a model for hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) resembling the substitution patterns found experimentally. 27986292 7 46 theme interaction 1089:1099 arg1 parameter 1101:1109 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter 1062:1109 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) 1062:1124 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 7 46 theme interaction 1089:1099 arg1 ± 1118:1118 -0.20 ± 0.07 1112:1123 -0.20 ± 0.07 1112:1123 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 9 47 theme diffusion 1322:1330 arg1 coefficients 1332:1343 Apparent diffusion coefficients 1313:1343 Apparent diffusion coefficients 1313:1343 Apparent diffusion coefficients versus water content were generated for water and FEL and a theory for the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion is proposed. 27986292 5 48 from group 814:818 arg1 unit 844:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 a neighboring repeat unit 823:847 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 2 49 theme Molecular 381:389 arg1 simulations 400:410 Molecular dynamics simulations 381:410 Molecular dynamics simulations 381:410 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a model for hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) resembling the substitution patterns found experimentally. 27986292 1 50 theme water-soluble 360:372 arg1 drugs 374:378 poorly water-soluble drugs 353:378 poorly water-soluble drugs 353:378 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 7 51 with agreement 1185:1193 arg1 experiments 1200:1210 experiments 1200:1210 experiments 1200:1210 The Flory-Huggins FEL-HPMC interaction parameter (-0.20 ± 0.07) predicts complete miscibility at all HPMC compositions, in agreement with experiments. 27986292 3 52 theme low 548:550 arg1 wt/wt 588:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 52 theme low 548:550 arg1 contents 567:574 low and high water contents 548:574 low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) 548:593 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 53 from mixtures 599:606 arg1 HPMC 540:543 HPMC 540:543 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), 540:649 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 5 54 theme low 875:877 arg1 probability 882:892 a low HB probability 873:892 a low HB probability (p < 0.1) 873:902 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 54 theme low 875:877 arg1 < 897:897 p < 0.1 895:901 p < 0.1 895:901 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 55 theme surrounding 932:942 arg1 substituents 944:955 surrounding substituents 932:955 surrounding substituents 932:955 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 4 56 theme ∼30 ns 699:704 arg1 aging 706:710 ∼30 ns aging 699:710 ∼30 ns aging 699:710 Tg values and densities after ∼30 ns aging at 298 K were close to published results. 27986292 9 57 theme water 1352:1356 arg1 content 1358:1364 water content 1352:1364 water content 1352:1364 Apparent diffusion coefficients versus water content were generated for water and FEL and a theory for the non-Einsteinian nature of water diffusion is proposed. 27986292 6 58 theme ≥10.7 1048:1052 arg1 % 1053:1053 % 1053:1053 % 1053:1053 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 27986292 5 59 contain have 868:871 arg2 probability 882:892 a low HB probability 873:892 a low HB probability (p < 0.1) 873:902 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 59 contain have 868:871 arg1 atoms 862:866 HPMC oxygen atoms 850:866 HPMC oxygen atoms 850:866 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 59 contain have 868:871 arg2 < 897:897 p < 0.1 895:901 p < 0.1 895:901 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 60 theme oxygen 855:860 arg1 atoms 862:866 HPMC oxygen atoms 850:866 HPMC oxygen atoms 850:866 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 4 61 from K 719:719 arg1 densities 683:691 densities 683:691 densities 683:691 Tg values and densities after ∼30 ns aging at 298 K were close to published results. 27986292 4 61 from K 719:719 arg1 values 672:677 Tg values 669:677 Tg values 669:677 Tg values and densities after ∼30 ns aging at 298 K were close to published results. 27986292 5 62 theme hydrogen 765:772 arg1 HBs 781:783 HBs 781:783 HBs 781:783 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 5 62 theme hydrogen 765:772 arg1 bonds 774:778 hydrogen bonds 765:778 hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit 765:847 Except for hydrogen bonds (HBs) between the 5-O- and a 3-OH group in a neighboring repeat unit, HPMC oxygen atoms have a low HB probability (p < 0.1) perhaps due to shielding by surrounding substituents. 27986292 1 63 theme drugs 374:378 arg1 bioavailability 334:348 the oral bioavailability 325:348 the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs 325:378 Understanding drug-polymer molecular interactions, their miscibility, supersaturation potential, and the effects of water uptake may be invaluable for selecting amorphous polymer dispersions that can maximize the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. 27986292 3 64 theme % 580:580 arg1 wt/wt 588:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 64 theme % 580:580 arg1 contents 567:574 low and high water contents 548:574 low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) 548:593 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 65 theme water 561:565 arg1 wt/wt 588:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 0.9%-23.0% wt/wt 577:592 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 3 65 theme water 561:565 arg1 contents 567:574 low and high water contents 548:574 low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) 548:593 HPMC at low and high water contents (0.9%-23.0% wt/wt) and mixtures with a hydrophobic drug, felodipine (FEL), were constructed. 27986292 6 66 theme Water 958:962 arg1 molecules 964:972 Water molecules 958:972 Water molecules 958:972 Water molecules tend to be isolated at low water content while clusters were prevalent at ≥10.7% water. 25933531 2 0 theme extracellular 592:604 arg1 matrix 606:611 the bone extracellular matrix 583:611 the bone extracellular matrix 583:611 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 8 1 theme loading 1682:1688 arg1 content 1690:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 2 from kinetics 1594:1601 arg1 hydrogels 1636:1644 HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1623:1644 HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1623:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 3 3 with chelation 685:693 arg1 ions 708:711 calcium ions 700:711 calcium ions 700:711 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 1 4 theme ethylene 242:249 arg1 oxide 251:255 ethylene oxide 242:255 ethylene oxide 242:255 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 7 5 theme degradation 1447:1457 arg1 behavior 1459:1466 The enzymatic degradation behavior 1433:1466 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels 1433:1483 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 8 6 from hydrogels 1636:1644 arg1 kinetics 1594:1601 The release kinetics 1582:1601 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1582:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 6 from hydrogels 1636:1644 arg1 drugs 1612:1616 model drugs 1606:1616 model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1606:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 6 from hydrogels 1636:1644 arg1 dependent 1660:1668 dependent 1660:1668 dependent 1660:1668 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 6 7 theme HA/poloxamer 1156:1167 arg1 injectable 1182:1191 injectable 1182:1191 injectable 1182:1191 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 6 7 theme HA/poloxamer 1156:1167 arg1 hydrogel 1169:1176 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1152:1176 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1152:1176 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 9 8 theme drugs 1988:1992 arg1 delivery 1976:1983 local delivery 1970:1983 local delivery of drugs 1970:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 3 9 theme calcium 765:771 arg1 phosphate 773:781 calcium phosphate 765:781 calcium phosphate in the hydrogels 765:798 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 6 10 theme room 1269:1272 arg1 temperature 1274:1284 room temperature 1269:1284 room temperature 1269:1284 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 8 11 theme drug 1778:1781 arg1 properties 1760:1769 ionic properties 1754:1769 ionic properties of the drug 1754:1781 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 11 theme drug 1778:1781 arg1 biomineralization 1714:1730 biomineralization 1714:1730 biomineralization of the hydrogels 1714:1747 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 11 theme drug 1778:1781 arg1 content 1690:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 11 theme drug 1778:1781 arg1 content 1705:1711 water content 1699:1711 water content 1699:1711 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 1 12 theme ethylene 199:206 arg1 poly 194:197 a poly 192:197 a poly(ethylene oxide) 192:213 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 12 theme ethylene 199:206 arg1 oxide 208:212 ethylene oxide 199:212 ethylene oxide 199:212 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 2 13 theme biomineralization 548:564 arg1 process 566:572 a biomineralization process 546:572 a biomineralization process 546:572 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 6 14 theme rigid 1333:1337 arg1 structure 1339:1347 a more rigid structure 1326:1347 a more rigid structure 1326:1347 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 4 15 theme hydrogel 910:917 arg1 surface 895:901 the surface 891:901 the surface of the hydrogel 891:917 After the biomineralization procedure, a crystalline formation was observed within and on the surface of the hydrogel. 25933531 6 16 theme macroscopic 1245:1255 arg1 fracture 1257:1264 appreciable macroscopic fracture 1233:1264 appreciable macroscopic fracture 1233:1264 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 1 17 theme hyaluronic 145:154 arg1 acid 156:159 hyaluronic acid 145:159 hyaluronic acid (HA) 145:164 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 17 theme hyaluronic 145:154 arg1 HA 162:163 HA 162:163 HA 162:163 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 5 18 theme hydrogel 944:951 arg1 samples 953:959 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples 927:959 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples 927:959 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 3 19 theme HA 629:630 arg1 content 632:638 HA content 629:638 HA content within the hydrogels 629:659 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 2 20 with hydrogels 479:487 arg1 compositions 502:513 various compositions 494:513 various compositions 494:513 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 2 21 theme various 494:500 arg1 compositions 502:513 various compositions 494:513 various compositions 494:513 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 9 22 theme HA/poloxamer 1827:1838 arg1 hydrogel 1840:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 9 22 theme HA/poloxamer 1827:1838 arg1 candidate 1864:1872 a promising candidate 1852:1872 a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs 1852:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 3 23 from hydrogels 790:798 arg1 growth 755:760 growth 755:760 growth 755:760 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 3 23 from hydrogels 790:798 arg1 nucleation 740:749 nucleation 740:749 nucleation 740:749 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 1 24 theme thermo-responsive 318:334 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 24 theme thermo-responsive 318:334 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 8 25 theme ionic 1754:1758 arg1 properties 1760:1769 ionic properties 1754:1769 ionic properties of the drug 1754:1781 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 3 26 from growth 755:760 arg1 hydrogels 790:798 the hydrogels 786:798 the hydrogels 786:798 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 1 27 theme hydrogel 347:354 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 27 theme hydrogel 347:354 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 9 28 theme promising 1854:1862 arg1 hydrogel 1840:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 9 28 theme promising 1854:1862 arg1 candidate 1864:1872 a promising candidate 1852:1872 a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs 1852:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 6 29 from injectable 1182:1191 arg1 particular 1140:1149 particular 1140:1149 particular 1140:1149 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 0 30 theme Biomineralized 0:13 arg1 hydrogels 51:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and poloxamer. 25933531 1 31 theme biomineralized 103:116 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 31 theme biomineralized 103:116 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 9 32 theme material 1874:1881 arg1 hydrogel 1840:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 9 32 theme material 1874:1881 arg1 candidate 1864:1872 a promising candidate 1852:1872 a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs 1852:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 6 33 from particular 1140:1149 arg1 injectable 1182:1191 injectable 1182:1191 injectable 1182:1191 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 6 33 from particular 1140:1149 arg1 hydrogel 1169:1176 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1152:1176 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1152:1176 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 2 34 theme poloxamer 399:407 arg1 macromers 409:417 HA and poloxamer macromers 392:417 HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues 392:445 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 0 35 theme organic/inorganic 26:42 arg1 hydrogels 51:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and poloxamer. 25933531 5 36 theme high 982:985 arg1 content 993:999 relatively high water content 971:999 relatively high water content of greater than 90% 971:1019 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 8 37 theme model 1606:1610 arg1 drugs 1612:1616 model drugs 1606:1616 model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1606:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 3 38 theme intermolecular 670:683 arg1 chelation 685:693 intermolecular chelation 670:693 intermolecular chelation with calcium ions 670:711 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 3 39 from increase 617:624 arg1 content 632:638 HA content 629:638 HA content within the hydrogels 629:659 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 2 40 theme HA 392:393 arg1 macromers 409:417 HA and poloxamer macromers 392:417 HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues 392:445 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 9 41 theme biomimetic 1889:1898 arg1 system 1909:1914 a biomimetic hydrogel system 1887:1914 a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs 1887:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 7 42 theme biomineralization 1563:1579 arg1 concentration 1501:1513 the concentration 1497:1513 the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization 1497:1579 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 2 43 theme organic/inorganic 448:464 arg1 hydrogels 479:487 organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels 448:487 organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions 448:513 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 6 44 theme poloxamer 1422:1430 arg1 hydrophobicity 1404:1417 the increasing hydrophobicity 1389:1417 the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer 1389:1430 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 8 45 theme water 1699:1703 arg1 content 1705:1711 water content 1699:1711 water content 1699:1711 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 7 46 theme HA/poloxamer 1533:1544 arg1 composition 1546:1556 HA/poloxamer composition 1533:1556 HA/poloxamer composition 1533:1556 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 9 47 theme bone 1930:1933 arg1 repair 1942:1947 bone tissue repair 1930:1947 bone tissue repair 1930:1947 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 1 48 theme propylene 220:228 arg1 oxide 230:234 propylene oxide 220:234 propylene oxide 220:234 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 9 49 theme hydrogel 1900:1907 arg1 system 1909:1914 a biomimetic hydrogel system 1887:1914 a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs 1887:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 7 50 theme hyaluronidase 1518:1530 arg1 concentration 1501:1513 the concentration 1497:1513 the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization 1497:1579 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 8 51 theme drug 1677:1680 arg1 content 1690:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 1 52 contain containing 134:143 arg2 PEO-PPO-PEO 259:269 PEO-PPO-PEO 259:269 PEO-PPO-PEO 259:269 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 52 contain containing 134:143 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 52 contain containing 134:143 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 52 contain containing 134:143 arg2 HA 162:163 HA 162:163 HA 162:163 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 52 contain containing 134:143 arg2 poloxamer 170:178 poloxamer 170:178 poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 170:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 52 contain containing 134:143 arg2 acid 156:159 hyaluronic acid 145:159 hyaluronic acid (HA) 145:164 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 8 53 theme hydrogels 1739:1747 arg1 properties 1760:1769 ionic properties 1754:1769 ionic properties of the drug 1754:1781 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 53 theme hydrogels 1739:1747 arg1 biomineralization 1714:1730 biomineralization 1714:1730 biomineralization of the hydrogels 1714:1747 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 53 theme hydrogels 1739:1747 arg1 content 1690:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 the drug loading content 1673:1696 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 53 theme hydrogels 1739:1747 arg1 content 1705:1711 water content 1699:1711 water content 1699:1711 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 9 54 theme local 1970:1974 arg1 delivery 1976:1983 local delivery 1970:1983 local delivery of drugs 1970:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 7 55 theme hydrogels 1475:1483 arg1 behavior 1459:1466 The enzymatic degradation behavior 1433:1466 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels 1433:1483 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 3 56 from increase 728:735 arg1 growth 755:760 growth 755:760 growth 755:760 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 3 56 from increase 728:735 arg1 nucleation 740:749 nucleation 740:749 nucleation 740:749 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 7 57 theme enzymatic 1437:1445 arg1 behavior 1459:1466 The enzymatic degradation behavior 1433:1466 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels 1433:1483 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 3 58 from nucleation 740:749 arg1 hydrogels 790:798 the hydrogels 786:798 the hydrogels 786:798 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 3 59 theme phosphate 773:781 arg1 growth 755:760 growth 755:760 growth 755:760 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 3 59 theme phosphate 773:781 arg1 nucleation 740:749 nucleation 740:749 nucleation 740:749 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 1 60 theme bone 367:370 arg1 regeneration 372:383 bone regeneration 367:383 bone regeneration 367:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 61 dep /poly 214:218 arg1 oxide 251:255 ethylene oxide 242:255 ethylene oxide 242:255 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 61 dep /poly 214:218 arg1 oxide 230:234 propylene oxide 220:234 propylene oxide 220:234 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 5 62 theme HA/poloxamer 1075:1086 arg1 composition 1088:1098 the HA/poloxamer composition 1071:1098 the HA/poloxamer composition 1071:1098 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 2 63 with macromers 409:417 arg1 residues 438:445 polymerizable residues 424:445 polymerizable residues 424:445 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 2 64 theme bone 587:590 arg1 matrix 606:611 the bone extracellular matrix 583:611 the bone extracellular matrix 583:611 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 6 65 theme appreciable 1233:1243 arg1 fracture 1257:1264 appreciable macroscopic fracture 1233:1264 appreciable macroscopic fracture 1233:1264 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 5 66 theme water 1039:1043 arg1 content 1045:1051 the water content 1035:1051 the water content 1035:1051 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 5 67 theme HA/poloxamer 931:942 arg1 samples 953:959 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples 927:959 the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples 927:959 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 6 68 theme increasing 1393:1402 arg1 hydrophobicity 1404:1417 the increasing hydrophobicity 1389:1417 the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer 1389:1430 In particular, the HA/poloxamer hydrogel was injectable through a syringe without demonstrating appreciable macroscopic fracture at room temperature, whereas it was more opaque and adopted a more rigid structure as the temperature increased because of the increasing hydrophobicity of poloxamer. 25933531 9 69 theme biomineralized 1812:1825 arg1 hydrogel 1840:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel 1812:1847 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 9 69 theme biomineralized 1812:1825 arg1 candidate 1864:1872 a promising candidate 1852:1872 a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs 1852:1992 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 1 70 theme biomimetic 307:316 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 70 theme biomimetic 307:316 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 5 71 theme water 987:991 arg1 content 993:999 relatively high water content 971:999 relatively high water content of greater than 90% 971:1019 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 1 72 theme injectable 336:345 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 72 theme injectable 336:345 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 8 73 theme release 1586:1592 arg1 kinetics 1594:1601 The release kinetics 1582:1601 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1582:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 73 theme release 1586:1592 arg1 dependent 1660:1668 dependent 1660:1668 dependent 1660:1668 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 0 74 theme biomimetic 15:24 arg1 hydrogels 51:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and poloxamer. 25933531 2 75 theme polymerizable 424:436 arg1 residues 438:445 polymerizable residues 424:445 polymerizable residues 424:445 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 3 76 from phosphate 773:781 arg1 hydrogels 790:798 the hydrogels 786:798 the hydrogels 786:798 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 1 77 dep poloxamer 170:178 arg1 copolymer 278:286 block copolymer 272:286 poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 170:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 0 78 theme hybrid 44:49 arg1 hydrogels 51:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels 0:59 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and poloxamer. 25933531 1 79 theme hydrogel 118:125 arg1 system 356:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system 305:361 a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration 305:383 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 1 79 theme hydrogel 118:125 arg1 system 127:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system 101:132 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 101:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 8 80 theme drugs 1612:1616 arg1 kinetics 1594:1601 The release kinetics 1582:1601 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1582:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 8 80 theme drugs 1612:1616 arg1 dependent 1660:1668 dependent 1660:1668 dependent 1660:1668 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 2 81 theme HA/poloxamer 466:477 arg1 hydrogels 479:487 organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels 448:487 organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions 448:513 Using HA and poloxamer macromers with polymerizable residues, organic/inorganic HA/poloxamer hydrogels with various compositions were prepared and subjected to a biomineralization process to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. 25933531 8 82 theme HA/poloxamer 1623:1634 arg1 hydrogels 1636:1644 HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1623:1644 HA/poloxamer hydrogels 1623:1644 The release kinetics of model drugs from HA/poloxamer hydrogels was primarily dependent on the drug loading content, water content, biomineralization of the hydrogels, and ionic properties of the drug. 25933531 0 83 theme hyaluronic 70:79 arg1 acid 81:84 hyaluronic acid 70:84 hyaluronic acid 70:84 Biomineralized biomimetic organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and poloxamer. 25933531 1 84 theme block 272:276 arg1 copolymer 278:286 block copolymer 272:286 poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer 170:286 A biomineralized hydrogel system containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer was developed as a biomimetic thermo-responsive injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration. 25933531 3 85 theme calcium 700:706 arg1 ions 708:711 calcium ions 700:711 calcium ions 700:711 An increase in HA content within the hydrogels enhanced intermolecular chelation with calcium ions, leading to an increase in nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the hydrogels. 25933531 4 86 theme crystalline 842:852 arg1 formation 854:862 a crystalline formation 840:862 a crystalline formation 840:862 After the biomineralization procedure, a crystalline formation was observed within and on the surface of the hydrogel. 25933531 7 87 theme composition 1546:1556 arg1 concentration 1501:1513 the concentration 1497:1513 the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization 1497:1579 The enzymatic degradation behavior of the hydrogels depended on the concentration of hyaluronidase, HA/poloxamer composition, and biomineralization. 25933531 5 88 theme % 1019:1019 arg1 content 993:999 relatively high water content 971:999 relatively high water content of greater than 90% 971:1019 All of the HA/poloxamer hydrogel samples exhibited relatively high water content of greater than 90% at 25 °C, and the water content was influenced by the HA/poloxamer composition, biomineralization, and temperature. 25933531 9 89 theme tissue 1935:1940 arg1 repair 1942:1947 bone tissue repair 1930:1947 bone tissue repair 1930:1947 These results indicate that biomineralized HA/poloxamer hydrogel is a promising candidate material for a biomimetic hydrogel system that promotes bone tissue repair and regeneration via local delivery of drugs. 25933531 4 90 theme biomineralization 811:827 arg1 procedure 829:837 the biomineralization procedure 807:837 the biomineralization procedure 807:837 After the biomineralization procedure, a crystalline formation was observed within and on the surface of the hydrogel. 25218928 0 0 theme polymer 99:105 arg1 micelles 117:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 4 1 theme DOX-loading 688:698 arg1 capacity 700:707 DOX-loading capacity 688:707 DOX-loading capacity 688:707 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 3 2 mod modification 437:448 arg3 surface 429:435 surface modification 429:448 surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 429:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 3 2 mod modification 437:448 arg1 AS1411 461:466 aptamer AS1411 453:466 aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 453:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 3 2 mod modification 437:448 arg1 Ap 469:470 Ap 469:470 Ap 469:470 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 2 3 from attractive 313:322 arg1 field 331:335 the field 327:335 the field of drug delivery 327:352 Owing to this unique character, they have become increasingly attractive in the field of drug delivery. 25218928 4 4 theme mixed 552:556 arg1 system 558:563 This binary mixed system 540:563 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 540:672 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 0 5 theme F127/cyclodextrin-linked 74:97 arg1 micelles 117:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 6 6 from accumulation 1024:1035 arg1 tumor 1040:1044 tumor 1040:1044 tumor 1040:1044 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 2 7 from field 331:335 arg1 attractive 313:322 attractive 313:322 attractive 313:322 Owing to this unique character, they have become increasingly attractive in the field of drug delivery. 25218928 4 8 theme binary 545:550 arg1 system 558:563 This binary mixed system 540:563 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 540:672 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 6 9 from study 874:878 arg1 mice 903:906 MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 883:906 MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 883:906 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 6 10 theme tumor-bearing 889:901 arg1 mice 903:906 MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 883:906 MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 883:906 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 7 11 theme multifunctional 1140:1154 arg1 micelles 1166:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 7 11 theme multifunctional 1140:1154 arg1 vehicle 1205:1211 a potential delivery vehicle 1184:1211 a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy 1184:1230 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 4 12 theme ethylene 643:650 arg1 poly 638:641 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly 613:641 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 613:672 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 4 12 theme ethylene 643:650 arg1 glycol 652:657 ethylene glycol 643:657 ethylene glycol 643:657 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 0 13 theme composite 107:115 arg1 micelles 117:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 6 14 theme MCF-7 883:887 arg1 mice 903:906 MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 883:906 MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 883:906 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 7 15 theme composite 1156:1164 arg1 micelles 1166:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 7 15 theme composite 1156:1164 arg1 vehicle 1205:1211 a potential delivery vehicle 1184:1211 a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy 1184:1230 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 3 16 theme human 519:523 arg1 tumors 532:537 human breast tumors 519:537 human breast tumors 519:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 5 17 theme endocytosis 846:856 arg1 effect 858:863 the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect 823:863 the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect 823:863 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap was found to be higher than that of untargeted CM due to the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect. 25218928 5 18 theme Cellular 741:748 arg1 uptake 750:755 Cellular uptake 741:755 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap 741:764 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap was found to be higher than that of untargeted CM due to the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect. 25218928 3 19 theme surface 429:435 arg1 modification 437:448 surface modification 429:448 surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 429:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 7 20 theme aptamer-conjugated 1121:1138 arg1 micelles 1166:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 7 20 theme aptamer-conjugated 1121:1138 arg1 vehicle 1205:1211 a potential delivery vehicle 1184:1211 a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy 1184:1230 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 3 21 theme multifunctional 385:399 arg1 micelle 411:417 a multifunctional composite micelle 383:417 a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) 383:422 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 3 21 theme multifunctional 385:399 arg1 CM 420:421 CM 420:421 CM 420:421 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 6 22 dep In 866:867 arg1 vivo 869:872 vivo 869:872 vivo 869:872 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 7 23 theme cancer 1217:1222 arg1 therapy 1224:1230 cancer therapy 1217:1230 cancer therapy 1217:1230 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 0 24 theme Targeted 0:7 arg1 delivery 9:16 Targeted delivery 0:16 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 0:54 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 7 25 theme delivery 1196:1203 arg1 micelles 1166:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 7 25 theme delivery 1196:1203 arg1 vehicle 1205:1211 a potential delivery vehicle 1184:1211 a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy 1184:1230 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 7 26 from vehicle 1205:1211 arg1 conclusion 1109:1118 conclusion 1109:1118 conclusion 1109:1118 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 1 27 theme various 205:211 arg1 targets 223:229 various molecular targets 205:229 various molecular targets with high affinity 205:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 0 28 theme anticancer 21:30 arg1 drugs 32:36 anticancer drugs 21:36 anticancer drugs 21:36 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 6 29 theme circulation 988:998 arg1 time 1000:1003 prolonged circulation time 978:1003 prolonged circulation time 978:1003 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 3 30 theme breast 525:530 arg1 tumors 532:537 human breast tumors 519:537 human breast tumors 519:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 1 31 theme molecular 213:221 arg1 targets 223:229 various molecular targets 205:229 various molecular targets with high affinity 205:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 6 32 theme prolonged 978:986 arg1 time 1000:1003 prolonged circulation time 978:1003 prolonged circulation time 978:1003 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 6 33 theme In 866:867 arg1 study 874:878 In vivo study 866:878 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice 866:906 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 3 34 theme targeted 477:484 arg1 delivery 486:493 targeted delivery 477:493 targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 477:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 3 35 theme doxorubicin 498:508 arg1 delivery 486:493 targeted delivery 477:493 targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 477:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 7 36 theme potential 1186:1194 arg1 micelles 1166:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles 1121:1173 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 7 36 theme potential 1186:1194 arg1 vehicle 1205:1211 a potential delivery vehicle 1184:1211 a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy 1184:1230 In conclusion, aptamer-conjugated multifunctional composite micelles could be a potential delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. 25218928 2 37 theme delivery 345:352 arg1 field 331:335 the field 327:335 the field of drug delivery 327:352 Owing to this unique character, they have become increasingly attractive in the field of drug delivery. 25218928 6 38 theme antitumor 1056:1064 arg1 activity 1066:1073 antitumor activity 1056:1073 antitumor activity 1056:1073 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 4 39 theme beta-cyclodextrin-linked 613:636 arg1 poly 638:641 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly 613:641 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 613:672 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 4 39 theme beta-cyclodextrin-linked 613:636 arg1 glycol 652:657 ethylene glycol 643:657 ethylene glycol 643:657 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 4 40 theme poly 638:641 arg1 -b-polylactide 659:672 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 613:672 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 613:672 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 0 41 theme drugs 32:36 arg1 delivery 9:16 Targeted delivery 0:16 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 0:54 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 1 42 with targets 223:229 arg1 affinity 241:248 high affinity 236:248 high affinity 236:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 5 43 theme untargeted 802:811 arg1 CM 813:814 untargeted CM 802:814 untargeted CM 802:814 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap was found to be higher than that of untargeted CM due to the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect. 25218928 5 44 theme nucleolin-mediated 827:844 arg1 effect 858:863 the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect 823:863 the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect 823:863 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap was found to be higher than that of untargeted CM due to the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect. 25218928 1 45 theme high 236:239 arg1 affinity 241:248 high affinity 236:248 high affinity 236:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 3 46 theme composite 401:409 arg1 micelle 411:417 a multifunctional composite micelle 383:417 a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) 383:422 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 3 46 theme composite 401:409 arg1 CM 420:421 CM 420:421 CM 420:421 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 6 47 theme composite 952:960 arg1 micelles 962:969 the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles 926:969 the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles 926:969 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 0 48 link F127/cyclodextrin-linked 74:97 arg1 micelles 117:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 0 49 theme aptamer 41:47 arg1 AS1411 49:54 aptamer AS1411 41:54 aptamer AS1411 41:54 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 6 50 theme AS1411-functionalized 930:950 arg1 micelles 962:969 the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles 926:969 the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles 926:969 In vivo study in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the AS1411-functionalized composite micelles showed prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor, improved antitumor activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity. 25218928 1 51 theme single-stranded 140:154 arg1 ligands 167:173 single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands 140:173 single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity 140:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 1 51 theme single-stranded 140:154 arg1 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 4 52 theme micelle 722:728 arg1 stability 730:738 micelle stability 722:738 micelle stability 722:738 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 1 53 theme RNA 156:158 arg1 ligands 167:173 single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands 140:173 single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity 140:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 1 53 theme RNA 156:158 arg1 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 4 54 link beta-cyclodextrin-linked 613:636 arg1 poly 638:641 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly 613:641 beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide 613:672 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 4 54 link beta-cyclodextrin-linked 613:636 arg1 glycol 652:657 ethylene glycol 643:657 ethylene glycol 643:657 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 2 55 theme drug 340:343 arg1 delivery 345:352 drug delivery 340:352 drug delivery 340:352 Owing to this unique character, they have become increasingly attractive in the field of drug delivery. 25218928 0 56 theme Pluronic 65:72 arg1 micelles 117:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles 65:124 Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs by aptamer AS1411 mediated Pluronic F127/cyclodextrin-linked polymer composite micelles. 25218928 3 57 theme aptamer 453:459 arg1 Ap 469:470 Ap 469:470 Ap 469:470 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 3 57 theme aptamer 453:459 arg1 AS1411 461:466 aptamer AS1411 453:466 aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 453:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 2 58 theme unique 265:270 arg1 character 272:280 this unique character 260:280 this unique character 260:280 Owing to this unique character, they have become increasingly attractive in the field of drug delivery. 25218928 3 59 theme AS1411 461:466 arg1 modification 437:448 surface modification 429:448 surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors 429:537 In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite micelle (CM) with surface modification of aptamer AS1411 (Ap) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to human breast tumors. 25218928 1 60 theme DNA 163:165 arg1 ligands 167:173 single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands 140:173 single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity 140:248 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 1 60 theme DNA 163:165 arg1 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers 127:134 Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands that can specifically bind to various molecular targets with high affinity. 25218928 4 61 theme Pluronic 595:602 arg1 F127 604:607 AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 579:607 AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 579:607 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 25218928 5 62 theme CM-Ap 760:764 arg1 uptake 750:755 Cellular uptake 741:755 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap 741:764 Cellular uptake of CM-Ap was found to be higher than that of untargeted CM due to the nucleolin-mediated endocytosis effect. 25218928 4 63 theme modified 586:593 arg1 F127 604:607 AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 579:607 AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 579:607 This binary mixed system consisting of AS1411 modified Pluronic F127 and beta-cyclodextrin-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide could enhance DOX-loading capacity and increase micelle stability. 27906688 0 0 theme construct 84:92 arg1 fabrication 40:50 a uniformed fabrication 28:50 a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct 28:92 Layer-by-layer approach for a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct. 27906688 2 1 theme deposition 514:523 arg1 approach 525:532 a layer-by-layer deposition approach 497:532 a layer-by-layer deposition approach 497:532 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 8 2 theme experimental 1345:1356 arg1 evidences 1358:1366 Preliminary experimental evidences 1333:1366 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial 1333:1414 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 27906688 1 3 theme material 255:262 arg1 composition 264:274 material composition 255:274 material composition 255:274 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 0 4 theme vessel-like 72:82 arg1 construct 84:92 a cell patterned vessel-like construct 55:92 a cell patterned vessel-like construct 55:92 Layer-by-layer approach for a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct. 27906688 6 5 with distribution 1138:1149 arg1 patterns 1180:1187 well-defined concentric patterns 1156:1187 well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts 1156:1223 Additionally, cells showed a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts. 27906688 4 6 from dimensions 826:835 arg1 mm 855:856 0.5 mm 851:856 0.5 mm 851:856 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 9 7 theme complex 1608:1614 arg1 grafts 1649:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 9 8 theme automated 1559:1567 arg1 system 1569:1574 the automated system 1555:1574 the automated system 1555:1574 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 4 9 from layers 893:898 arg1 mm 855:856 0.5 mm 851:856 0.5 mm 851:856 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 8 10 theme rod 1478:1480 arg1 rotation 1482:1489 the rod rotation 1474:1489 the rod rotation 1474:1489 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 27906688 7 11 theme inner 1256:1260 arg1 cells 1274:1278 inner endothelial cells 1256:1278 inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness 1256:1317 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness was achieved. 27906688 4 12 dep diameter 869:876 arg1 up 858:859 up 858:859 up 858:859 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 9 13 theme system 1569:1574 arg1 scalability 1540:1550 scalability 1540:1550 scalability 1540:1550 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 9 13 theme system 1569:1574 arg1 versatility 1524:1534 the wide versatility 1515:1534 the wide versatility 1515:1534 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 2 14 theme biomaterial 610:620 arg1 viscosity 622:630 a rod and biomaterial viscosity 600:630 a rod and biomaterial viscosity 600:630 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 8 15 theme biomaterial 1404:1414 arg1 alignment 1387:1395 microstructural alignment 1371:1395 microstructural alignment of the biomaterial 1371:1414 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 27906688 6 16 theme homogenous 1127:1136 arg1 distribution 1138:1149 a homogenous distribution 1125:1149 a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts 1125:1223 Additionally, cells showed a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts. 27906688 3 17 theme constructs 776:785 arg1 parts 763:767 different parts 753:767 different parts of the constructs 753:785 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 6 18 theme vessel 1211:1216 arg1 grafts 1218:1223 the multilayer vessel grafts 1196:1223 the multilayer vessel grafts 1196:1223 Additionally, cells showed a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts. 27906688 9 19 theme wide 1519:1522 arg1 versatility 1524:1534 the wide versatility 1515:1534 the wide versatility 1515:1534 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 1 20 theme manufacturing 168:180 arg1 systems 182:188 manufacturing systems 168:188 manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types 168:349 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 7 21 theme challenging 1230:1240 arg1 generation 1242:1251 The challenging generation 1226:1251 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness 1226:1317 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness was achieved. 27906688 4 22 theme mm 866:867 arg1 diameter 869:876 6 mm diameter 864:876 6 mm diameter 864:876 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 6 23 theme multilayer 1200:1209 arg1 grafts 1218:1223 the multilayer vessel grafts 1196:1223 the multilayer vessel grafts 1196:1223 Additionally, cells showed a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts. 27906688 2 24 theme SDBV 470:473 arg1 fabrication 475:485 SDBV fabrication 470:485 SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity 470:630 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 2 25 theme layer-by-layer 499:512 arg1 approach 525:532 a layer-by-layer deposition approach 497:532 a layer-by-layer deposition approach 497:532 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 4 26 theme individual 882:891 arg1 layers 893:898 individual layers 882:898 individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick 882:927 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 7 27 theme cells 1274:1278 arg1 generation 1242:1251 The challenging generation 1226:1251 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness 1226:1317 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness was achieved. 27906688 8 28 theme dipping 1439:1445 arg1 approach 1447:1454 the dipping approach 1435:1454 the dipping approach 1435:1454 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 27906688 1 29 theme capable 190:196 arg1 systems 182:188 manufacturing systems 168:188 manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types 168:349 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 30 theme Successful 95:104 arg1 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 30 theme Successful 95:104 arg1 vessels 145:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels 95:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) 95:158 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 2 31 theme automated 378:386 arg1 methodology 388:398 an automated methodology 375:398 an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity 375:630 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 2 32 theme constructs 455:464 arg1 manufacture 417:427 the manufacture 413:427 the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity 413:630 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 1 33 theme spatial 290:296 arg1 location 298:305 spatial location 290:305 spatial location 290:305 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 9 34 theme vascular 1640:1647 arg1 grafts 1649:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 6 35 theme concentric 1169:1178 arg1 patterns 1180:1187 well-defined concentric patterns 1156:1187 well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts 1156:1223 Additionally, cells showed a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts. 27906688 1 36 theme tissue 106:111 arg1 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 36 theme tissue 106:111 arg1 vessels 145:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels 95:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) 95:158 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 2 37 theme multilayer 432:441 arg1 constructs 455:464 multilayer cylindrical constructs 432:464 multilayer cylindrical constructs 432:464 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 2 38 theme cylindrical 443:453 arg1 constructs 455:464 multilayer cylindrical constructs 432:464 multilayer cylindrical constructs 432:464 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 4 39 theme thick 923:927 arg1 μm 907:908 1 μm 905:908 1 μm up to 400 μm thick 905:927 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 5 40 theme proliferation 1076:1088 arg1 assays 1090:1095 viability and proliferation assays 1062:1095 viability and proliferation assays 1062:1095 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 1 41 theme engineered 113:122 arg1 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 41 theme engineered 113:122 arg1 vessels 145:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels 95:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) 95:158 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 8 42 theme alignment 1387:1395 arg1 evidences 1358:1366 Preliminary experimental evidences 1333:1366 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial 1333:1414 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 27906688 7 43 theme endothelial 1262:1272 arg1 cells 1274:1278 inner endothelial cells 1256:1278 inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness 1256:1317 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness was achieved. 27906688 8 44 theme Preliminary 1333:1343 arg1 evidences 1358:1366 Preliminary experimental evidences 1333:1366 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial 1333:1414 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 27906688 4 45 from μm 907:908 arg1 layers 893:898 individual layers 882:898 individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick 882:927 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 4 45 from μm 907:908 arg1 dimensions 826:835 dimensions 826:835 dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter 826:876 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 5 46 theme cytotoxic 1023:1031 arg1 effect 1033:1038 significant cytotoxic effect 1011:1038 significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays 1011:1095 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 5 47 dep effect 1033:1038 arg1 the 996:998 the 996:998 the 996:998 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 5 47 dep effect 1033:1038 arg1 absence 1000:1006 absence 1000:1006 absence 1000:1006 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 1 48 theme different 223:231 arg1 location 298:305 spatial location 290:305 spatial location 290:305 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 48 theme different 223:231 arg1 composition 264:274 material composition 255:274 material composition 255:274 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 48 theme different 223:231 arg1 elements 237:244 different key elements 223:244 different key elements 223:244 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 48 theme different 223:231 arg1 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 0 49 theme uniformed 30:38 arg1 fabrication 40:50 a uniformed fabrication 28:50 a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct 28:92 Layer-by-layer approach for a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct. 27906688 1 50 theme specialized 310:320 arg1 biomaterials 322:333 specialized biomaterials 310:333 specialized biomaterials 310:333 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 3 51 theme Different 633:641 arg1 chitosan 702:709 chitosan 702:709 chitosan 702:709 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 3 51 theme Different 633:641 arg1 alginate 689:696 alginate 689:696 alginate 689:696 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 3 51 theme Different 633:641 arg1 biomaterials 643:654 Different biomaterials 633:654 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan 633:709 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 3 51 theme Different 633:641 arg1 gelatin 680:686 methacrylated gelatin 666:686 methacrylated gelatin 666:686 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 1 52 theme key 233:235 arg1 location 298:305 spatial location 290:305 spatial location 290:305 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 52 theme key 233:235 arg1 composition 264:274 material composition 255:274 material composition 255:274 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 52 theme key 233:235 arg1 elements 237:244 different key elements 223:244 different key elements 223:244 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 52 theme key 233:235 arg1 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 53 theme biomaterials 322:333 arg1 location 298:305 spatial location 290:305 spatial location 290:305 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 53 theme biomaterials 322:333 arg1 composition 264:274 material composition 255:274 material composition 255:274 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 53 theme biomaterials 322:333 arg1 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 9 54 theme natural 1701:1707 arg1 vessels 1715:1721 natural blood vessels 1701:1721 natural blood vessels 1701:1721 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 4 55 dep 400 916:918 arg1 to 913:914 to 913:914 to 913:914 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 4 56 theme 6 864:864 arg1 mm 866:867 mm 866:867 mm 866:867 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 1 57 theme small 124:128 arg1 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 57 theme small 124:128 arg1 vessels 145:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels 95:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) 95:158 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 2 58 theme rod 602:604 arg1 viscosity 622:630 a rod and biomaterial viscosity 600:630 a rod and biomaterial viscosity 600:630 We report in this work an automated methodology that enables the manufacture of multilayer cylindrical constructs for SDBV fabrication that uses a layer-by-layer deposition approach while controlling variables such as dipping and spinning speed of a rod and biomaterial viscosity. 27906688 1 59 theme diameter 130:137 arg1 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 59 theme diameter 130:137 arg1 vessels 145:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels 95:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) 95:158 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 60 theme cells 339:343 arg1 types 345:349 cells types 339:349 cells types 339:349 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 9 61 theme blood 1709:1713 arg1 vessels 1715:1721 natural blood vessels 1701:1721 natural blood vessels 1701:1721 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 4 62 theme lumen 840:844 arg1 layers 893:898 individual layers 882:898 individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick 882:927 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 4 62 theme lumen 840:844 arg1 dimensions 826:835 dimensions 826:835 dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter 826:876 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 3 63 theme methacrylated 666:678 arg1 gelatin 680:686 methacrylated gelatin 666:686 methacrylated gelatin 666:686 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 4 64 from mm 855:856 arg1 lumen 840:844 lumen 840:844 lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter 840:876 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 4 64 from mm 855:856 arg1 layers 893:898 individual layers 882:898 individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick 882:927 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 4 64 from mm 855:856 arg1 dimensions 826:835 dimensions 826:835 dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter 826:876 The system was capable of controlling dimensions of lumen from 0.5 mm up to 6 mm diameter and individual layers from 1 μm up to 400 μm thick. 27906688 1 65 theme blood 139:143 arg1 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 SDBV 154:157 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 65 theme blood 139:143 arg1 vessels 145:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels 95:151 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) 95:158 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 5 66 theme viability 1062:1070 arg1 assays 1090:1095 viability and proliferation assays 1062:1095 viability and proliferation assays 1062:1095 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 9 67 theme cellularized 1616:1627 arg1 grafts 1649:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 5 68 theme cellular 932:939 arg1 component 941:949 A cellular component 930:949 A cellular component 930:949 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 6 69 theme well-defined 1156:1167 arg1 patterns 1180:1187 well-defined concentric patterns 1156:1187 well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts 1156:1223 Additionally, cells showed a homogenous distribution with well-defined concentric patterns across the multilayer vessel grafts. 27906688 7 70 theme thickness 1309:1317 arg1 μm 1303:1304 approximately 20-30 μm 1283:1304 approximately 20-30 μm of thickness 1283:1317 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness was achieved. 27906688 0 71 theme patterned 62:70 arg1 construct 84:92 a cell patterned vessel-like construct 55:92 a cell patterned vessel-like construct 55:92 Layer-by-layer approach for a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct. 27906688 7 72 theme μm 1303:1304 arg1 cells 1274:1278 inner endothelial cells 1256:1278 inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness 1256:1317 The challenging generation of inner endothelial cells of approximately 20-30 μm of thickness was achieved. 27906688 9 73 theme structural 1661:1670 arg1 configuration 1672:1684 structural configuration 1661:1684 structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels 1661:1721 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 9 74 theme multilayer 1629:1638 arg1 grafts 1649:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts 1608:1654 The study demonstrated the wide versatility and scalability of the automated system to easily and rapidly fabricate complex cellularized multilayer vascular grafts with structural configuration that resembles natural blood vessels. 27906688 0 75 theme cell 57:60 arg1 construct 84:92 a cell patterned vessel-like construct 55:92 a cell patterned vessel-like construct 55:92 Layer-by-layer approach for a uniformed fabrication of a cell patterned vessel-like construct. 27906688 1 76 theme types 345:349 arg1 location 298:305 spatial location 290:305 spatial location 290:305 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 76 theme types 345:349 arg1 composition 264:274 material composition 255:274 material composition 255:274 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 1 76 theme types 345:349 arg1 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 geometry 277:284 Successful tissue engineered small diameter blood vessels (SDBV) require manufacturing systems capable of precisely controlling different key elements, such as material composition, geometry and spatial location of specialized biomaterials and cells types. 27906688 5 77 theme significant 1011:1021 arg1 effect 1033:1038 significant cytotoxic effect 1011:1038 significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays 1011:1095 A cellular component was successfully added to the biomaterial in the absence of significant cytotoxic effect which was assessed by viability and proliferation assays. 27906688 3 78 theme different 753:761 arg1 parts 763:767 different parts 753:767 different parts of the constructs 753:785 Different biomaterials including methacrylated gelatin, alginate and chitosan were tested using this procedure to build different parts of the constructs. 27906688 8 79 theme microstructural 1371:1385 arg1 alignment 1387:1395 microstructural alignment 1371:1395 microstructural alignment of the biomaterial 1371:1414 Preliminary experimental evidences of microstructural alignment of the biomaterial were obtained when the dipping approach was combined with the rod rotation. 25996527 3 0 theme fatty 938:942 arg1 acids 944:948 fatty acids 938:948 fatty acids 938:948 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 2 1 theme structural 659:668 arg1 analysis 670:677 The structural analysis 655:677 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 3 2 theme diphosphorylated 734:749 arg1 backbone 763:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone 730:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone 730:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 3 theme acids 944:948 arg1 number 907:912 the number 903:912 the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids 903:948 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 4 4 theme antagonistic 1122:1133 arg1 activity 1135:1142 a significant antagonistic activity 1108:1142 a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures 1108:1178 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 3 5 theme composition 816:826 arg1 C10:0 828:832 the composition C10:0 3 812:834 the composition C10:0 3(OH) 812:838 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 5 theme composition 816:826 arg1 OH 836:837 OH 836:837 OH 836:837 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 1 6 theme entomophila 264:274 arg1 LPS 244:246 LPS 244:246 LPS 244:246 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 1 6 theme entomophila 264:274 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 224:241 the lipopolysaccharide 220:241 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, 220:358 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 0 7 theme entomopathogenic 73:88 arg1 bacterium 90:98 the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 69:122 the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 69:122 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 3 8 theme phosphates 917:926 arg1 number 907:912 the number 903:912 the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids 903:948 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 2 9 theme 1→3 618:620 arg1 -β-l-QuiNAc- 639:650 -α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc- 605:650 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 4 10 theme low 1044:1046 arg1 ability 1048:1054 a low ability 1042:1054 a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures 1042:1178 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 1 11 dep fly 331:333 arg1 melanogaster 346:357 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 3 12 theme other 878:882 arg1 species 884:890 other species 878:890 other species 878:890 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 0 13 dep bacterium 90:98 arg1 entomophila 112:122 the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 69:122 the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 69:122 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 0 14 theme Pseudomonas 100:110 arg1 bacterium 90:98 the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 69:122 the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 69:122 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 3 15 with consistent 796:805 arg1 OH 849:850 OH 849:850 OH 849:850 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 15 with consistent 796:805 arg1 OH 865:866 OH 865:866 OH 865:866 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 15 with consistent 796:805 arg1 OH 836:837 OH 836:837 OH 836:837 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 15 with consistent 796:805 arg1 C12:0 841:845 C12:0 841:845 C12:0 841:845 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 15 with consistent 796:805 arg1 C12:0 857:861 C12:0 857:861 C12:0 857:861 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 15 with consistent 796:805 arg1 C10:0 828:832 the composition C10:0 3 812:834 the composition C10:0 3(OH) 812:838 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 2 16 theme -α-l-FucNAc- 605:616 arg1 -β-l-QuiNAc- 639:650 -α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc- 605:650 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 3 17 dep carries 772:778 arg1 whereas 870:876 whereas 870:876 whereas 870:876 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 1 18 attach isolated 307:314 arg2 entomophila 264:274 Pseudomonas entomophila 252:274 Pseudomonas entomophila 252:274 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 1 18 attach isolated 307:314 arg1 fly 331:333 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 1 18 attach isolated 307:314 arg2 bacterium 297:305 an entomopathogenic bacterium 277:305 an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 277:357 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 4 19 theme entomophila 1020:1030 arg1 structure 1004:1012 the LPS structure 996:1012 the LPS structure of P. entomophila 996:1030 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 2 20 theme 1→3 635:637 arg1 -β-l-QuiNAc- 639:650 -α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc- 605:650 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 21 theme A 688:688 arg1 analysis 670:677 The structural analysis 655:677 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 22 theme repetitive 450:459 arg1 unit 461:464 a repetitive unit 448:464 a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species 448:727 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 1 23 theme entomopathogenic 280:295 arg1 entomophila 264:274 Pseudomonas entomophila 252:274 Pseudomonas entomophila 252:274 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 1 23 theme entomopathogenic 280:295 arg1 bacterium 297:305 an entomopathogenic bacterium 277:305 an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 277:357 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 4 24 theme hexa-acylated 1151:1163 arg1 structures 1169:1178 hexa-acylated LPS structures 1151:1178 hexa-acylated LPS structures 1151:1178 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 2 25 with deoxy 533:537 arg1 function 568:575 an acetamido function 555:575 an acetamido function at C-2 555:582 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 26 theme species 721:727 arg1 mixture 700:706 a mixture 698:706 a mixture of different species 698:727 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 0 27 theme structure 21:29 arg1 A 62:62 the lipid A 52:62 the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 52:122 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 0 27 theme structure 21:29 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen 0:46 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 2 28 from C-2 580:582 arg1 function 568:575 an acetamido function 555:575 an acetamido function at C-2 555:582 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 29 theme -α-l-FucNAc- 622:633 arg1 -β-l-QuiNAc- 639:650 -α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc- 605:650 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 30 theme different 711:719 arg1 species 721:727 different species 711:727 different species 711:727 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 31 dep -α-l-FucNAc- 588:599 arg1 →3 585:586 →3 585:586 →3 585:586 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 31 dep -α-l-FucNAc- 588:599 arg1 analysis 670:677 The structural analysis 655:677 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 31 dep -α-l-FucNAc- 588:599 arg1 1→4 601:603 1→4 601:603 1→4 601:603 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 4 32 theme LPS 1000:1002 arg1 structure 1004:1012 the LPS structure 996:1012 the LPS structure of P. entomophila 996:1030 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 2 33 theme monosaccharide 486:499 arg1 residues 501:508 four monosaccharide residues 481:508 four monosaccharide residues 481:508 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 34 dep deoxy 533:537 arg1 -α-l-FucNAc- 588:599 →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 585:688 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 3 35 contain carries 772:778 arg2 acids 790:794 six fatty acids 780:794 six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH) 780:867 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 3 35 contain carries 772:778 arg1 backbone 763:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone 730:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone 730:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 4 36 theme immunology 955:964 arg1 experiments 966:976 The immunology experiments 951:976 The immunology experiments 951:976 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 3 37 theme fatty 784:788 arg1 acids 790:794 six fatty acids 780:794 six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH) 780:867 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 1 38 theme lipopolysaccharide 224:241 arg1 structure 188:196 structure 188:196 structure 188:196 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 1 38 theme lipopolysaccharide 224:241 arg1 immunology 206:215 the immunology 202:215 the immunology 202:215 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 1 39 theme fruit 325:329 arg1 fly 331:333 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 0 40 theme immunological 158:170 arg1 properties 172:181 its immunological properties 154:181 its immunological properties 154:181 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 0 41 theme O-antigen 38:46 arg1 structure 21:29 the structure 17:29 the structure of the O-antigen 17:46 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 2 42 dep residues 501:508 arg1 showed 691:696 showed 691:696 showed a mixture of different species 691:727 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 4 43 theme LPS 1165:1167 arg1 structures 1169:1178 hexa-acylated LPS structures 1151:1178 hexa-acylated LPS structures 1151:1178 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 1 44 dep structure 188:196 arg1 The 184:186 The 184:186 The 184:186 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 4 45 theme TLR4-mediated 1070:1082 arg1 signaling 1084:1092 the TLR4-mediated signaling 1066:1092 the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures 1066:1178 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 1 46 theme Drosophila 335:344 arg1 fly 331:333 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 321:357 The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. 25996527 2 47 theme acetamido 558:566 arg1 function 568:575 an acetamido function 555:575 an acetamido function at C-2 555:582 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 0 48 from bacterium 90:98 arg1 A 62:62 the lipid A 52:62 the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 52:122 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 0 48 from bacterium 90:98 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen 0:46 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 2 49 theme -β-l-QuiNAc- 639:650 arg1 -α-l-FucNAc- 588:599 →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 585:688 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 50 from C-6 542:544 arg1 L 515:515 all L 511:515 all L configured 511:526 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 50 from C-6 542:544 arg1 deoxy 533:537 all deoxy 529:537 all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A 529:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 2 51 theme lipid 682:686 arg1 A 688:688 lipid A 682:688 lipid A 682:688 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 25996527 3 52 theme glucosamine 751:761 arg1 backbone 763:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone 730:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone 730:770 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 0 53 theme lipid 56:60 arg1 A 62:62 the lipid A 52:62 the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila 52:122 Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties. 25996527 3 54 theme consistent 796:805 arg1 acids 790:794 six fatty acids 780:794 six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH) 780:867 The diphosphorylated glucosamine backbone carries six fatty acids consistent with the composition C10:0 3(OH), C12:0 2(OH) and C12:0 3(OH), whereas other species differs by the number of phosphates and/or of fatty acids. 25996527 4 55 theme significant 1110:1120 arg1 activity 1135:1142 a significant antagonistic activity 1108:1142 a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures 1108:1178 The immunology experiments demonstrated that the LPS structure of P. entomophila displayed a low ability to engage the TLR4-mediated signaling correlated to a significant antagonistic activity toward hexa-acylated LPS structures. 25996527 2 56 theme O-antigen 383:391 arg1 portion 393:399 The O-antigen portion 379:399 The O-antigen portion 379:399 The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be built up of a repetitive unit constituted by four monosaccharide residues, all L configured, all deoxy at C-6 and with an acetamido function at C-2: →3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→4)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucNAc-(1→3)-β-l-QuiNAc-(1→ The structural analysis of lipid A, showed a mixture of different species. 28390274 0 0 theme Leucaena 100:107 arg1 leucocephala 109:120 Leucaena leucocephala 100:120 Leucaena leucocephala wood 100:125 Proteomic characterization and schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 cultured on Leucaena leucocephala wood under submerged fermentation. 28390274 6 1 theme linkage 1000:1006 arg1 analysis 1008:1015 linkage analysis 1000:1015 linkage analysis 1000:1015 EPS was further characterized by FTIR and GC-MS for functional group, monomer composition and linkage analysis and was identified as schizophyllan. 28390274 1 2 theme commune 185:191 arg1 ISTL04 193:198 Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 171:198 Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 171:198 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 28390274 2 3 theme woody 383:387 arg1 biomass 389:395 woody biomass 383:395 woody biomass by this fungus 383:410 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 1 4 theme schizophyllan 273:285 arg1 production 287:296 schizophyllan production 273:296 schizophyllan production 273:296 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 28390274 4 5 from 0.21gg-1LLW 747:757 arg1 day 762:764 day 18 762:767 day 18 respectively 762:780 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 0 6 theme leucocephala 109:120 arg1 wood 122:125 Leucaena leucocephala wood 100:125 Leucaena leucocephala wood 100:125 Proteomic characterization and schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 cultured on Leucaena leucocephala wood under submerged fermentation. 28390274 6 7 theme monomer 976:982 arg1 composition 984:994 monomer composition 976:994 monomer composition 976:994 EPS was further characterized by FTIR and GC-MS for functional group, monomer composition and linkage analysis and was identified as schizophyllan. 28390274 0 8 theme submerged 133:141 arg1 fermentation 143:154 submerged fermentation 133:154 submerged fermentation 133:154 Proteomic characterization and schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 cultured on Leucaena leucocephala wood under submerged fermentation. 28390274 4 9 from 4.2±0.1gL-1 732:742 arg1 day 762:764 day 18 762:767 day 18 respectively 762:780 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 2 10 theme fermentation 428:439 arg1 conditions 441:450 submerged fermentation conditions 418:450 submerged fermentation conditions 418:450 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 5 11 theme other 881:885 arg1 enzymes 897:903 other oxidative enzymes 881:903 other oxidative enzymes 881:903 The secretome profile was dominated by glycoside hydrolases followed by carbohydrate esterase and other oxidative enzymes. 28390274 5 12 theme carbohydrate 855:866 arg1 esterase 868:875 carbohydrate esterase 855:875 carbohydrate esterase 855:875 The secretome profile was dominated by glycoside hydrolases followed by carbohydrate esterase and other oxidative enzymes. 28390274 2 13 theme submerged 418:426 arg1 conditions 441:450 submerged fermentation conditions 418:450 submerged fermentation conditions 418:450 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 5 14 theme oxidative 887:895 arg1 enzymes 897:903 other oxidative enzymes 881:903 other oxidative enzymes 881:903 The secretome profile was dominated by glycoside hydrolases followed by carbohydrate esterase and other oxidative enzymes. 28390274 6 15 theme functional 958:967 arg1 group 969:973 functional group 958:973 functional group 958:973 EPS was further characterized by FTIR and GC-MS for functional group, monomer composition and linkage analysis and was identified as schizophyllan. 28390274 4 16 from 391±7.51mgL-1 714:726 arg1 day 762:764 day 18 762:767 day 18 respectively 762:780 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 0 17 theme Proteomic 0:8 arg1 characterization 10:25 Proteomic characterization 0:25 Proteomic characterization 0:25 Proteomic characterization and schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 cultured on Leucaena leucocephala wood under submerged fermentation. 28390274 4 18 theme protein 614:620 arg1 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 4 18 theme protein 614:620 arg1 production 650:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 581:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation 581:679 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 2 19 theme protein 335:341 arg1 profile 343:349 extracellular protein profile 321:349 extracellular protein profile 321:349 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 1 20 theme Leucaena 213:220 arg1 leucocephala 222:233 Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) 213:244 Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) 213:244 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 28390274 0 21 theme schizophyllan 31:43 arg1 production 45:54 schizophyllan production 31:54 schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 31:86 Proteomic characterization and schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 cultured on Leucaena leucocephala wood under submerged fermentation. 28390274 4 22 theme extracellular 600:612 arg1 protein 614:620 extracellular protein 600:620 extracellular protein 600:620 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 2 23 theme extracellular 321:333 arg1 profile 343:349 extracellular protein profile 321:349 extracellular protein profile 321:349 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 4 24 from 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 arg1 day 762:764 day 18 762:767 day 18 respectively 762:780 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 3 25 theme high 510:513 arg1 content 529:535 high holocellulose content 510:535 high holocellulose content 510:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 4 26 theme exopolysaccharide 626:642 arg1 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 4 26 theme exopolysaccharide 626:642 arg1 production 650:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 581:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation 581:679 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 7 27 theme schizophyllan 1148:1160 arg1 production 1162:1171 schizophyllan production 1148:1171 schizophyllan production 1148:1171 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 3 28 contain having 503:508 arg2 content 529:535 high holocellulose content 510:535 high holocellulose content 510:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 28 contain having 503:508 arg1 crop 498:501 a promising bioenergy crop 476:501 a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content 476:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 28 contain having 503:508 arg1 leucocephala 462:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 29 theme holocellulose 515:527 arg1 content 529:535 high holocellulose content 510:535 high holocellulose content 510:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 30 theme Leucaena 453:460 arg1 substrate 549:557 substrate 549:557 substrate 549:557 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 30 theme Leucaena 453:460 arg1 crop 498:501 a promising bioenergy crop 476:501 a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content 476:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 30 theme Leucaena 453:460 arg1 leucocephala 462:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 7 31 theme enzyme 1128:1133 arg1 cocktail 1135:1142 enzyme cocktail 1128:1142 enzyme cocktail 1128:1142 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 3 32 theme promising 478:486 arg1 crop 498:501 a promising bioenergy crop 476:501 a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content 476:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 32 theme promising 478:486 arg1 leucocephala 462:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 4 33 theme maximum 585:591 arg1 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 4 33 theme maximum 585:591 arg1 production 650:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 581:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation 581:679 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 5 34 theme secretome 787:795 arg1 profile 797:803 The secretome profile 783:803 The secretome profile 783:803 The secretome profile was dominated by glycoside hydrolases followed by carbohydrate esterase and other oxidative enzymes. 28390274 0 35 theme Schizophyllum 59:71 arg1 commune 73:79 Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 59:86 Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 59:86 Proteomic characterization and schizophyllan production by Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 cultured on Leucaena leucocephala wood under submerged fermentation. 28390274 3 36 used used 541:544 arg2 leucocephala 462:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 36 used used 541:544 arg2 crop 498:501 a promising bioenergy crop 476:501 a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content 476:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 36 used used 541:544 arg2 substrate 549:557 substrate 549:557 substrate 549:557 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 7 37 used utilized 1091:1098 arg2 substrate 1114:1122 a low cost substrate 1103:1122 a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production 1103:1171 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 7 37 used utilized 1091:1098 arg2 LLW 1080:1082 LLW 1080:1082 LLW 1080:1082 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 4 38 theme sugar 593:597 arg1 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 8.53±0.07mgmL-1 697:711 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 4 38 theme sugar 593:597 arg1 production 650:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 581:659 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation 581:679 The maximum sugar, extracellular protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during fermentation was found to be 8.53±0.07mgmL-1, 391±7.51mgL-1 and 4.2±0.1gL-1 or 0.21gg-1LLW on day 18 respectively. 28390274 7 39 theme low 1105:1107 arg1 substrate 1114:1122 a low cost substrate 1103:1122 a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production 1103:1171 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 7 39 theme low 1105:1107 arg1 LLW 1080:1082 LLW 1080:1082 LLW 1080:1082 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 2 40 theme schizophyllan 355:367 arg1 production 369:378 schizophyllan production 355:378 schizophyllan production 355:378 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 7 41 theme cost 1109:1112 arg1 substrate 1114:1122 a low cost substrate 1103:1122 a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production 1103:1171 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 7 41 theme cost 1109:1112 arg1 LLW 1080:1082 LLW 1080:1082 LLW 1080:1082 The result indicated that LLW can be utilized as a low cost substrate for enzyme cocktail and schizophyllan production. 28390274 2 42 from report 311:316 arg1 production 369:378 schizophyllan production 355:378 schizophyllan production 355:378 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 2 42 from report 311:316 arg1 biomass 389:395 woody biomass 383:395 woody biomass by this fungus 383:410 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 2 42 from report 311:316 arg1 profile 343:349 extracellular protein profile 321:349 extracellular protein profile 321:349 There is no report on extracellular protein profile and schizophyllan production on woody biomass by this fungus under submerged fermentation conditions. 28390274 5 43 theme glycoside 822:830 arg1 hydrolases 832:841 glycoside hydrolases 822:841 glycoside hydrolases followed by carbohydrate esterase and other oxidative enzymes 822:903 The secretome profile was dominated by glycoside hydrolases followed by carbohydrate esterase and other oxidative enzymes. 28390274 1 44 dep leucocephala 222:233 arg1 wood 235:238 wood 235:238 Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) 213:244 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 28390274 1 44 dep leucocephala 222:233 arg1 LLW 241:243 LLW 241:243 LLW 241:243 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 28390274 3 45 theme bioenergy 488:496 arg1 crop 498:501 a promising bioenergy crop 476:501 a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content 476:535 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 3 45 theme bioenergy 488:496 arg1 leucocephala 462:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala 453:473 Leucaena leucocephala, a promising bioenergy crop having high holocellulose content was used as substrate without pretreatment. 28390274 1 46 theme secretome 250:258 arg1 analysis 260:267 secretome analysis 250:267 secretome analysis 250:267 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 28390274 1 47 theme Schizophyllum 171:183 arg1 ISTL04 193:198 Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 171:198 Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 171:198 In this study Schizophyllum commune ISTL04 was grown on Leucaena leucocephala wood (LLW) for secretome analysis and schizophyllan production. 26478351 2 0 theme carbonate 409:417 arg1 ions 419:422 carbonate ions 409:422 carbonate ions 409:422 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 2 1 contain containing 398:407 arg1 phase 353:357 the inorganic phase 339:357 the inorganic phase in the microspheres 339:377 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 2 1 contain containing 398:407 arg1 HA 395:396 crystalline HA 383:396 crystalline HA containing carbonate ions 383:422 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 2 1 contain containing 398:407 arg2 ions 419:422 carbonate ions 409:422 carbonate ions 409:422 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 3 2 theme HA 491:492 arg1 content 494:500 the HA content 487:500 the HA content 487:500 The morphology of the composite microspheres was dependent on the HA content, and a more desirable morphology was achieved when 20 wt. 26478351 6 3 theme crystal 819:825 arg1 size 827:830 crystal size 819:830 crystal size 819:830 In addition, the needle-like HA nano-particles were uniformly distributed in the composite microspheres, and their crystallinity and crystal size decreased with the HA content. 26478351 6 4 theme HA 715:716 arg1 nano-particles 718:731 the needle-like HA nano-particles 699:731 the needle-like HA nano-particles 699:731 In addition, the needle-like HA nano-particles were uniformly distributed in the composite microspheres, and their crystallinity and crystal size decreased with the HA content. 26478351 1 5 theme high 221:224 arg1 dispersity 226:235 a high dispersity 219:235 a high dispersity 219:235 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 0 6 theme composite 11:19 arg1 microspheres 21:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres 0:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 0:114 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 6 theme composite 11:19 arg1 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 6 theme composite 11:19 arg1 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 6 7 theme needle-like 703:713 arg1 nano-particles 718:731 the needle-like HA nano-particles 699:731 the needle-like HA nano-particles 699:731 In addition, the needle-like HA nano-particles were uniformly distributed in the composite microspheres, and their crystallinity and crystal size decreased with the HA content. 26478351 0 8 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 microspheres 21:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres 0:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 0:114 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 8 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 8 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 1 9 with microspheres 175:186 arg1 dispersity 226:235 a high dispersity 219:235 a high dispersity 219:235 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 1 9 with microspheres 175:186 arg1 form 210:213 a good spherical form 193:213 a good spherical form 193:213 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 5 10 theme narrow 618:623 arg1 distribution 634:645 a narrow particle distribution 616:645 a narrow particle distribution 616:645 The composite microspheres exhibited a narrow particle distribution, most of which ranged from 5 to 10 μm. 26478351 5 11 theme particle 625:632 arg1 distribution 634:645 a narrow particle distribution 616:645 a narrow particle distribution 616:645 The composite microspheres exhibited a narrow particle distribution, most of which ranged from 5 to 10 μm. 26478351 5 12 dep 10 679:680 arg1 to 676:677 to 676:677 to 676:677 The composite microspheres exhibited a narrow particle distribution, most of which ranged from 5 to 10 μm. 26478351 2 13 theme inorganic 343:351 arg1 phase 353:357 the inorganic phase 339:357 the inorganic phase in the microspheres 339:377 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 2 13 theme inorganic 343:351 arg1 HA 395:396 crystalline HA 383:396 crystalline HA containing carbonate ions 383:422 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 0 14 dep synthesis 84:92 arg1 In-situ 76:82 In-situ synthesis and characterization 76:113 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 0:114 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 15 theme collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 37:73 arg1 microspheres 21:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres 0:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 0:114 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 15 theme collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 37:73 arg1 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 15 theme collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 37:73 arg1 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 3 16 theme composite 447:455 arg1 microspheres 457:468 the composite microspheres 443:468 the composite microspheres 443:468 The morphology of the composite microspheres was dependent on the HA content, and a more desirable morphology was achieved when 20 wt. 26478351 4 17 theme % 559:559 arg1 HA 561:562 % HA 559:562 % HA 559:562 % HA was contained. 26478351 1 18 theme composite 165:173 arg1 microspheres 175:186 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres 116:186 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity 116:235 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 3 19 theme microspheres 457:468 arg1 morphology 429:438 The morphology 425:438 The morphology of the composite microspheres 425:468 The morphology of the composite microspheres was dependent on the HA content, and a more desirable morphology was achieved when 20 wt. 26478351 3 19 theme microspheres 457:468 arg1 dependent 474:482 dependent 474:482 dependent 474:482 The morphology of the composite microspheres was dependent on the HA content, and a more desirable morphology was achieved when 20 wt. 26478351 5 20 theme composite 583:591 arg1 microspheres 593:604 The composite microspheres 579:604 The composite microspheres 579:604 The composite microspheres exhibited a narrow particle distribution, most of which ranged from 5 to 10 μm. 26478351 2 21 theme crystalline 383:393 arg1 phase 353:357 the inorganic phase 339:357 the inorganic phase in the microspheres 339:377 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 2 21 theme crystalline 383:393 arg1 HA 395:396 crystalline HA 383:396 crystalline HA containing carbonate ions 383:422 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 2 22 theme XRD 313:315 arg1 results 317:323 The FT-IR and XRD results 299:323 results 317:323 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 6 23 theme composite 767:775 arg1 microspheres 777:788 the composite microspheres 763:788 the composite microspheres 763:788 In addition, the needle-like HA nano-particles were uniformly distributed in the composite microspheres, and their crystallinity and crystal size decreased with the HA content. 26478351 3 24 theme desirable 514:522 arg1 morphology 524:533 a more desirable morphology 507:533 a more desirable morphology 507:533 The morphology of the composite microspheres was dependent on the HA content, and a more desirable morphology was achieved when 20 wt. 26478351 1 25 theme in-situ 273:279 arg1 method 291:296 an in-situ synthesis method 270:296 an in-situ synthesis method 270:296 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 0 26 dep microspheres 21:32 arg1 microspheres 21:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres 0:32 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 0:114 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 26 dep microspheres 21:32 arg1 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 characterization 98:113 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 0 26 dep microspheres 21:32 arg1 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 synthesis 84:92 Biomimetic composite microspheres of collagen/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite: In-situ synthesis and characterization. 26478351 1 27 theme synthesis 281:289 arg1 method 291:296 an in-situ synthesis method 270:296 an in-situ synthesis method 270:296 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 6 28 theme HA 851:852 arg1 content 854:860 the HA content 847:860 the HA content 847:860 In addition, the needle-like HA nano-particles were uniformly distributed in the composite microspheres, and their crystallinity and crystal size decreased with the HA content. 26478351 2 29 theme FT-IR 303:307 arg1 results 317:323 The FT-IR and XRD results 299:323 results 317:323 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26478351 1 30 theme good 195:198 arg1 form 210:213 a good spherical form 193:213 a good spherical form 193:213 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 1 31 theme spherical 200:208 arg1 form 210:213 a good spherical form 193:213 a good spherical form 193:213 The collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (COL/CS/HA) composite microspheres with a good spherical form and a high dispersity were successfully obtained using an in-situ synthesis method. 26478351 2 32 from phase 353:357 arg1 microspheres 366:377 the microspheres 362:377 the microspheres 362:377 The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the inorganic phase in the microspheres was crystalline HA containing carbonate ions. 26046279 1 0 contain having 152:157 arg1 nanosilver/chitosan 132:150 nanosilver/chitosan 132:150 nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility 132:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 1 0 contain having 152:157 arg2 biocompatibility 168:183 enhanced biocompatibility 159:183 enhanced biocompatibility 159:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 8 1 theme Ca 955:956 arg1 analyses 943:950 Biochemical analyses 931:950 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver 931:1039 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 4 2 theme scanning 591:598 arg1 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 2 theme scanning 591:598 arg1 microscope 609:618 field emission scanning electron microscope 576:618 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 576:626 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 12 3 contain possessing 1356:1365 arg1 composite 1346:1354 Octa composite 1341:1354 Octa composite possessing higher porosity 1341:1381 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 12 3 contain possessing 1356:1365 arg2 porosity 1374:1381 higher porosity 1367:1381 higher porosity 1367:1381 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 4 4 theme transmission 533:544 arg1 TEM 567:569 TEM 567:569 TEM 567:569 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 4 theme transmission 533:544 arg1 microscopy 555:564 transmission electron microscopy 533:564 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 533:570 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 3 5 theme thermal 430:436 arg1 behavior 438:445 their thermal behavior 424:445 their thermal behavior 424:445 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 4 6 theme emission 582:589 arg1 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 6 theme emission 582:589 arg1 microscope 609:618 field emission scanning electron microscope 576:618 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 576:626 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 8 7 theme absorption 1019:1028 arg1 analyses 943:950 Biochemical analyses 931:950 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver 931:1039 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 11 8 theme calcium 1236:1242 arg1 phosphate 1244:1252 octa calcium phosphate 1231:1252 octa calcium phosphate 1231:1252 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 4 9 theme X-ray 499:503 arg1 XRD 527:529 XRD 527:529 XRD 527:529 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 9 theme X-ray 499:503 arg1 analysis 517:524 X-ray diffraction analysis 499:524 X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 499:530 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 11 10 theme phosphate 1244:1252 arg1 diameters 1199:1207 The diameters 1195:1207 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles 1195:1262 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 11 10 theme phosphate 1244:1252 arg1 nm 1275:1276 ~8-17 nm 1269:1276 ~8-17 nm 1269:1276 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 7 11 theme successive 911:920 arg1 periods 922:928 five successive periods 906:928 five successive periods 906:928 The in vitro degradation was followed in D-MEM for 48 h in a cumulative manner for five successive periods. 26046279 12 12 theme higher 1319:1324 arg1 degradation 1326:1336 Comparatively higher degradation 1305:1336 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity 1305:1381 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 8 13 theme Biochemical 931:941 arg1 analyses 943:950 Biochemical analyses 931:950 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver 931:1039 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 1 14 theme novel 84:88 arg1 composites 95:104 Two novel silk composites 80:104 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility 80:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 1 14 theme novel 84:88 arg1 phases 120:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 1 15 theme silk 90:93 arg1 composites 95:104 Two novel silk composites 80:104 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility 80:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 1 15 theme silk 90:93 arg1 phases 120:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 12 16 theme higher 1367:1372 arg1 porosity 1374:1381 higher porosity 1367:1381 higher porosity 1367:1381 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 10 17 theme silk 1148:1151 arg1 presence 1136:1143 the presence 1132:1143 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver 1091:1177 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver were developed. 26046279 5 18 theme Infrared 713:720 arg1 FTIR 736:739 FTIR 736:739 FTIR 736:739 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 5 18 theme Infrared 713:720 arg1 spectroscopy 722:733 Infrared spectroscopy 713:733 Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 713:740 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 5 19 theme X-ray 652:656 arg1 XPS 686:688 XPS 686:688 XPS 686:688 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 5 19 theme X-ray 652:656 arg1 Spectroscopy 672:683 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 652:683 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 652:689 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 10 20 theme chitosan 1154:1161 arg1 presence 1136:1143 the presence 1132:1143 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver 1091:1177 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver were developed. 26046279 5 21 theme Photoelectron 658:670 arg1 XPS 686:688 XPS 686:688 XPS 686:688 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 5 21 theme Photoelectron 658:670 arg1 Spectroscopy 672:683 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 652:683 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 652:689 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 6 22 used used 780:783 arg2 porosimeter 764:774 Mercury porosimeter 756:774 Mercury porosimeter 756:774 Mercury porosimeter was used to verify the pore size distribution. 26046279 7 23 theme cumulative 884:893 arg1 manner 895:900 a cumulative manner 882:900 a cumulative manner 882:900 The in vitro degradation was followed in D-MEM for 48 h in a cumulative manner for five successive periods. 26046279 1 24 with composites 95:104 arg1 nanosilver/chitosan 132:150 nanosilver/chitosan 132:150 nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility 132:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 4 25 theme structural 452:461 arg1 aspects 463:469 The structural aspects 448:469 The structural aspects 448:469 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 1 26 theme phosphatic 109:118 arg1 phases 120:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 6 27 theme Mercury 756:762 arg1 porosimeter 764:774 Mercury porosimeter 756:774 Mercury porosimeter 756:774 Mercury porosimeter was used to verify the pore size distribution. 26046279 12 28 theme Octa 1341:1344 arg1 composite 1346:1354 Octa composite 1341:1354 Octa composite possessing higher porosity 1341:1381 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 8 29 theme chemical 994:1001 arg1 kits 1003:1006 relevant chemical kits 985:1006 relevant chemical kits 985:1006 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 2 30 theme calcium 224:230 arg1 phosphates 232:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates 200:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates 200:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates were synthesized in situ within silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied. 26046279 1 31 theme phases 120:125 arg1 composites 95:104 Two novel silk composites 80:104 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility 80:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 1 31 theme phases 120:125 arg1 phases 120:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 phosphatic phases 109:125 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 12 32 theme composite 1346:1354 arg1 degradation 1326:1336 Comparatively higher degradation 1305:1336 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity 1305:1381 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 10 33 theme nano-silver 1167:1177 arg1 presence 1136:1143 the presence 1132:1143 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver 1091:1177 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver were developed. 26046279 3 34 theme Thermo-gravimetric 337:354 arg1 TGA 366:368 TGA 366:368 TGA 366:368 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 3 34 theme Thermo-gravimetric 337:354 arg1 analysis 356:363 Thermo-gravimetric analysis 337:363 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 337:369 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 2 35 theme octa 219:222 arg1 phosphates 232:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates 200:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates 200:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates were synthesized in situ within silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied. 26046279 2 36 theme fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver 280:306 arg1 composites 308:317 silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites 275:317 silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied 275:334 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates were synthesized in situ within silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied. 26046279 8 37 theme P 959:959 arg1 analyses 943:950 Biochemical analyses 931:950 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver 931:1039 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 4 38 theme electron 546:553 arg1 TEM 567:569 TEM 567:569 TEM 567:569 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 38 theme electron 546:553 arg1 microscopy 555:564 transmission electron microscopy 533:564 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 533:570 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 2 39 theme silk 275:278 arg1 composites 308:317 silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites 275:317 silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied 275:334 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates were synthesized in situ within silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied. 26046279 8 40 theme protein 971:977 arg1 analyses 943:950 Biochemical analyses 931:950 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver 931:1039 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 11 41 dep hydroxyapatite 1212:1225 arg1 particles 1254:1262 particles 1254:1262 particles 1254:1262 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 0 42 theme scaffolds 69:77 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Tailoring the properties and functions of phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan scaffolds. 26046279 0 42 theme scaffolds 69:77 arg1 functions 29:37 functions 29:37 functions 29:37 Tailoring the properties and functions of phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan scaffolds. 26046279 4 43 theme electron 600:607 arg1 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 43 theme electron 600:607 arg1 microscope 609:618 field emission scanning electron microscope 576:618 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 576:626 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 3 44 theme Differential 375:386 arg1 DSC 410:412 DSC 410:412 DSC 410:412 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 3 44 theme Differential 375:386 arg1 Calorimetry 397:407 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 375:407 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 375:413 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 2 45 theme Hydroxyapatite 200:213 arg1 phosphates 232:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates 200:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates 200:241 Hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphates were synthesized in situ within silk fibroin/chitosan/nanosilver composites recently studied. 26046279 8 46 theme total 965:969 arg1 protein 971:977 total protein 965:977 total protein 965:977 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 0 47 theme phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan 42:67 arg1 scaffolds 69:77 phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan scaffolds 42:77 phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan scaffolds 42:77 Tailoring the properties and functions of phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan scaffolds. 26046279 3 48 theme Scanning 388:395 arg1 DSC 410:412 DSC 410:412 DSC 410:412 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 3 48 theme Scanning 388:395 arg1 Calorimetry 397:407 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 375:407 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 375:413 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) verified their thermal behavior. 26046279 12 49 theme apatitic 1431:1438 arg1 development 1440:1450 in situ apatitic development 1423:1450 in situ apatitic development 1423:1450 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 8 50 theme relevant 985:992 arg1 kits 1003:1006 relevant chemical kits 985:1006 relevant chemical kits 985:1006 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 7 51 dep in 827:828 arg1 vitro 830:834 vitro 830:834 vitro 830:834 The in vitro degradation was followed in D-MEM for 48 h in a cumulative manner for five successive periods. 26046279 4 52 theme diffraction 505:515 arg1 XRD 527:529 XRD 527:529 XRD 527:529 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 52 theme diffraction 505:515 arg1 analysis 517:524 X-ray diffraction analysis 499:524 X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 499:530 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 12 53 theme in 1423:1424 arg1 development 1440:1450 in situ apatitic development 1423:1450 in situ apatitic development 1423:1450 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 26046279 8 54 theme atomic 1012:1017 arg1 absorption 1019:1028 atomic absorption 1012:1028 atomic absorption 1012:1028 Biochemical analyses of Ca, P and total protein using relevant chemical kits and atomic absorption for silver were performed. 26046279 7 55 theme in 827:828 arg1 degradation 836:846 The in vitro degradation 823:846 The in vitro degradation 823:846 The in vitro degradation was followed in D-MEM for 48 h in a cumulative manner for five successive periods. 26046279 11 56 theme octa 1231:1234 arg1 phosphate 1244:1252 octa calcium phosphate 1231:1252 octa calcium phosphate 1231:1252 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 10 57 theme crystalline 1102:1112 arg1 phases 1114:1119 Phosphatic crystalline phases 1091:1119 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver 1091:1177 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver were developed. 26046279 0 58 dep properties 14:23 arg1 the 10:12 the 10:12 the 10:12 Tailoring the properties and functions of phosphate/silk/Ag/chitosan scaffolds. 26046279 1 59 theme enhanced 159:166 arg1 biocompatibility 168:183 enhanced biocompatibility 159:183 enhanced biocompatibility 159:183 Two novel silk composites of phosphatic phases with nanosilver/chitosan having enhanced biocompatibility were achieved. 26046279 10 60 dep along 1121:1125 arg1 with 1127:1130 with 1127:1130 with 1127:1130 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver were developed. 26046279 10 61 theme Phosphatic 1091:1100 arg1 phases 1114:1119 Phosphatic crystalline phases 1091:1119 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver 1091:1177 Phosphatic crystalline phases along with the presence of silk, chitosan and nano-silver were developed. 26046279 6 62 theme size 804:807 arg1 distribution 809:820 the pore size distribution 795:820 the pore size distribution 795:820 Mercury porosimeter was used to verify the pore size distribution. 26046279 9 63 theme ANOVA 1057:1061 arg1 statistics 1063:1072 ANOVA statistics 1057:1072 ANOVA statistics 1057:1072 ANOVA statistics was carried out. 26046279 5 64 dep Fourier 695:701 arg1 Transform 703:711 Transform 703:711 Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 703:740 Additionally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied. 26046279 4 65 theme field 576:580 arg1 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 FESEM 621:625 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 4 65 theme field 576:580 arg1 microscope 609:618 field emission scanning electron microscope 576:618 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 576:626 The structural aspects were characterized applying X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with EDAX. 26046279 11 66 theme hydroxyapatite 1212:1225 arg1 diameters 1199:1207 The diameters 1195:1207 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles 1195:1262 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 11 66 theme hydroxyapatite 1212:1225 arg1 nm 1275:1276 ~8-17 nm 1269:1276 ~8-17 nm 1269:1276 The diameters of hydroxyapatite and octa calcium phosphate particles were ~8-17 nm and 15-22 nm respectively. 26046279 6 67 theme pore 799:802 arg1 distribution 809:820 the pore size distribution 795:820 the pore size distribution 795:820 Mercury porosimeter was used to verify the pore size distribution. 26046279 12 68 dep in 1423:1424 arg1 situ 1426:1429 situ 1426:1429 situ 1426:1429 Comparatively higher degradation of Octa composite possessing higher porosity proved in turn more osteoinduction with in situ apatitic development. 25821076 0 0 theme gum 75:77 arg1 arabic 79:84 gum arabic 75:84 gum arabic 75:84 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 6 1 theme mass 1168:1171 arg1 spectrometry 1173:1184 mass spectrometry 1168:1184 mass spectrometry 1168:1184 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 6 2 theme high-performance 1048:1063 arg1 chromatography 1072:1085 high-performance liquid chromatography 1048:1085 high-performance liquid chromatography 1048:1085 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 8 3 theme borojo 1396:1401 arg1 phases 1403:1408 borojo phases 1396:1408 borojo phases 1396:1408 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 7 4 theme mixtures 1308:1315 arg1 g 1298:1298 g 1298:1298 g 1298:1298 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 7 4 theme mixtures 1308:1315 arg1 T 1296:1296 T 1296:1296 T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP 1296:1330 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 6 5 theme laser 1138:1142 arg1 microscopy 1153:1162 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1129:1162 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1129:1162 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 1 6 theme natural 149:155 arg1 ingredients 191:201 natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients 149:201 natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients 149:201 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 8 7 theme GA 1361:1362 arg1 addition 1349:1356 The addition 1345:1356 The addition of GA 1345:1362 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 2 8 theme SP 416:417 arg1 phases 420:425 solid (SP) phases 409:425 solid (SP) phases 409:425 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 temperature 110:120 the glass transition temperature 89:120 the glass transition temperature 89:120 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 2 10 theme borojo 256:261 arg1 fruit 305:309 a fruit 303:309 a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region 303:341 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 2 10 theme borojo 256:261 arg1 Pulp 248:251 Pulp 248:251 Pulp 248:251 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 7 11 theme molecular 1191:1199 arg1 compounds 1208:1216 Low molecular weight compounds 1187:1216 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP 1187:1240 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 7 11 theme molecular 1191:1199 arg1 fructose 1226:1233 fructose 1226:1233 fructose 1226:1233 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 1 12 theme food 233:236 arg1 industry 238:245 the food industry 229:245 the food industry 229:245 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 0 13 theme arabic 79:84 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 0:121 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 1 14 dep BACKGROUND 123:132 arg1 search 138:143 The search 134:143 The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients 134:201 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 1 14 dep BACKGROUND 123:132 arg1 practice 217:224 an ongoing practice 206:224 an ongoing practice in the food industry 206:245 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 3 15 from effect 475:480 arg1 temperatures 555:566 their glass transitions temperatures 531:566 their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)) 531:573 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 7 16 theme weight 1201:1206 arg1 compounds 1208:1216 Low molecular weight compounds 1187:1216 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP 1187:1240 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 7 16 theme weight 1201:1206 arg1 fructose 1226:1233 fructose 1226:1233 fructose 1226:1233 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 0 17 theme glass 93:97 arg1 temperature 110:120 the glass transition temperature 89:120 the glass transition temperature 89:120 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 2 18 dep phases 372:377 arg1 MP 401:402 MP 401:402 MP 401:402 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 2 18 dep phases 372:377 arg1 LP 388:389 LP 388:389 LP 388:389 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 2 18 dep phases 372:377 arg1 medium 393:398 medium 393:398 medium (MP) 393:403 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 2 18 dep phases 372:377 arg1 liquid 380:385 liquid 380:385 liquid 380:385 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 2 18 dep phases 372:377 arg1 phases 420:425 solid (SP) phases 409:425 solid (SP) phases 409:425 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 6 19 theme confocal 1129:1136 arg1 microscopy 1153:1162 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1129:1162 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1129:1162 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 5 20 theme 1:1 732:734 arg1 proportion 736:745 a 1:1 proportion 730:745 a 1:1 proportion 730:745 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 2 21 theme region 336:341 arg1 fruit 305:309 a fruit 303:309 a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region 303:341 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 2 21 theme region 336:341 arg1 Pulp 248:251 Pulp 248:251 Pulp 248:251 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 8 22 dep CONCLUSIONS 1333:1343 arg1 increased 1378:1386 increased 1378:1386 increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials 1378:1470 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 4 23 theme surface 664:670 arg1 methodology 672:682 response surface methodology 655:682 response surface methodology 655:682 The best mixture, LP-MP, MP-SP and LP-SP and gum arabic (GA) was identified by response surface methodology. 25821076 4 24 theme best 580:583 arg1 mixture 585:591 The best mixture 576:591 The best mixture 576:591 The best mixture, LP-MP, MP-SP and LP-SP and gum arabic (GA) was identified by response surface methodology. 25821076 2 25 theme Pacific 328:334 arg1 region 336:341 the Colombian Pacific region 314:341 the Colombian Pacific region 314:341 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 3 26 dep temperatures 555:566 arg1 T 569:569 T 569:569 T(g) 569:572 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 3 26 dep temperatures 555:566 arg1 g 571:571 g 571:571 g 571:571 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 4 27 theme response 655:662 arg1 methodology 672:682 response surface methodology 655:682 response surface methodology 655:682 The best mixture, LP-MP, MP-SP and LP-SP and gum arabic (GA) was identified by response surface methodology. 25821076 1 28 dep natural 149:155 arg1 stable 179:184 stable 179:184 stable 179:184 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 1 28 dep natural 149:155 arg1 high-quality 165:176 high-quality 165:176 high-quality 165:176 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 1 28 dep natural 149:155 arg1 novel 158:162 novel 158:162 novel 158:162 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 7 29 theme lignin 1279:1284 arg1 presence 1267:1274 the presence 1263:1274 the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP 1263:1330 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 2 30 theme Colombian 318:326 arg1 region 336:341 the Colombian Pacific region 314:341 the Colombian Pacific region 314:341 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 6 31 dep Fourier 1088:1094 arg1 transform 1096:1104 transform 1096:1104 transform infrared spectroscopy 1096:1126 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 5 32 theme processing 923:932 arg1 perspective 934:944 a processing perspective 921:944 a processing perspective 921:944 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 7 33 theme Low 1187:1189 arg1 compounds 1208:1216 Low molecular weight compounds 1187:1216 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP 1187:1240 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 7 33 theme Low 1187:1189 arg1 fructose 1226:1233 fructose 1226:1233 fructose 1226:1233 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 8 34 theme novel 1440:1444 arg1 them 1432:1435 them 1432:1435 them 1432:1435 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 8 34 theme novel 1440:1444 arg1 materials 1462:1470 novel food processing materials 1440:1470 novel food processing materials 1440:1470 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 5 35 theme resulting 752:760 arg1 T 762:762 the resulting T 748:762 the resulting T(g) of the mixture 748:780 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 5 35 theme resulting 752:760 arg1 °C 793:794 132.27 °C 786:794 132.27 °C 786:794 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 5 35 theme resulting 752:760 arg1 g 764:764 g 764:764 g 764:764 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 0 36 theme borojo 10:15 arg1 composition 59:69 borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition 10:69 borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition 10:69 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 0 37 theme transition 99:108 arg1 temperature 110:120 the glass transition temperature 89:120 the glass transition temperature 89:120 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 3 38 theme gum 517:519 arg1 arabic 521:526 gum arabic 517:526 gum arabic 517:526 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 5 39 theme SP 711:712 arg1 phase 721:725 SP borojo phase 711:725 SP borojo phase 711:725 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 8 40 theme food 1446:1449 arg1 them 1432:1435 them 1432:1435 them 1432:1435 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 8 40 theme food 1446:1449 arg1 materials 1462:1470 novel food processing materials 1440:1470 novel food processing materials 1440:1470 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 3 41 theme arabic 521:526 arg1 effect 475:480 the effect 471:480 the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)) 471:573 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 8 42 theme processing 1451:1460 arg1 them 1432:1435 them 1432:1435 them 1432:1435 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 8 42 theme processing 1451:1460 arg1 materials 1462:1470 novel food processing materials 1440:1470 novel food processing materials 1440:1470 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 4 43 dep LP-SP 611:615 arg1 arabic 625:630 arabic 625:630 arabic 625:630 The best mixture, LP-MP, MP-SP and LP-SP and gum arabic (GA) was identified by response surface methodology. 25821076 1 44 theme food 186:189 arg1 ingredients 191:201 natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients 149:201 natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients 149:201 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 6 45 dep transform 1096:1104 arg1 infrared 1106:1113 infrared 1106:1113 transform infrared spectroscopy 1096:1126 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 3 46 theme composition 501:511 arg1 effect 475:480 the effect 471:480 the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)) 471:573 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 2 47 theme solid 409:413 arg1 phases 420:425 solid (SP) phases 409:425 solid (SP) phases 409:425 Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. 25821076 5 48 theme borojo 714:719 arg1 phase 721:725 SP borojo phase 711:725 SP borojo phase 711:725 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 0 49 theme Cuatrecasas 34:44 arg1 composition 59:69 borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition 10:69 borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition 10:69 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 5 50 theme attractive 905:914 arg1 combination 890:900 this combination 885:900 this combination as attractive 885:914 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 1 51 from practice 217:224 arg1 industry 238:245 the food industry 229:245 the food industry 229:245 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 3 52 theme glass 537:541 arg1 temperatures 555:566 their glass transitions temperatures 531:566 their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)) 531:573 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 7 53 with mixtures 1308:1315 arg1 SP 1329:1330 the SP 1325:1330 the SP 1325:1330 Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered T(g) whereas the presence of lignin increased T(g) of the mixtures as with the SP. 25821076 3 54 theme transitions 543:553 arg1 temperatures 555:566 their glass transitions temperatures 531:566 their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)) 531:573 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 5 55 theme industrial 962:971 arg1 advantage 973:981 an industrial advantage 959:981 an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient 959:1016 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 6 56 theme liquid 1065:1070 arg1 chromatography 1072:1085 high-performance liquid chromatography 1048:1085 high-performance liquid chromatography 1048:1085 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 25821076 3 57 theme three-phase 489:499 arg1 composition 501:511 the three-phase composition 485:511 the three-phase composition 485:511 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 5 58 dep °C 839:840 arg1 supports 950:957 supports 950:957 supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient 950:1016 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 5 58 dep °C 839:840 arg1 supported 875:883 supported 875:883 supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective 875:944 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 0 59 theme composition 59:69 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 0:121 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 8 60 theme phases 1403:1408 arg1 g 1390:1390 g 1390:1390 g 1390:1390 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 8 60 theme phases 1403:1408 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T(g) of borojo phases 1388:1408 CONCLUSIONS The addition of GA significantly increased T(g) of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. 25821076 1 61 theme ongoing 209:215 arg1 search 138:143 The search 134:143 The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients 134:201 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 1 61 theme ongoing 209:215 arg1 practice 217:224 an ongoing practice 206:224 an ongoing practice in the food industry 206:245 BACKGROUND The search for natural, novel, high-quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. 25821076 0 62 theme three-phase 47:57 arg1 composition 59:69 borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition 10:69 borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition 10:69 Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three-phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature. 25821076 5 63 theme mixture 774:780 arg1 T 762:762 the resulting T 748:762 the resulting T(g) of the mixture 748:780 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 5 63 theme mixture 774:780 arg1 °C 793:794 132.27 °C 786:794 132.27 °C 786:794 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 5 63 theme mixture 774:780 arg1 g 764:764 g 764:764 g 764:764 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 3 64 theme work 450:453 arg1 objective 432:440 The objective 428:440 The objective of this work 428:453 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three-phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (T(g)). 25821076 5 65 theme food 1002:1005 arg1 ingredient 1007:1016 food ingredient 1002:1016 food ingredient 1002:1016 RESULTS When adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting T(g) of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP-phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. 25821076 6 66 theme scanning 1144:1151 arg1 microscopy 1153:1162 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1129:1162 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1129:1162 Phases were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. 26634788 5 0 theme corresponding 1063:1075 arg1 medium 1077:1082 the corresponding medium 1059:1082 the corresponding medium 1059:1082 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 1 1 theme vinyl 247:251 arg1 poly 242:245 poly 242:245 poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) 242:270 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 1 1 theme vinyl 247:251 arg1 pyrrolidone 253:263 vinyl pyrrolidone 247:263 vinyl pyrrolidone 247:263 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 0 2 theme Comparative 88:98 arg1 Study 100:104 Comparative Study 88:104 Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin 88:159 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 3 3 theme amoxicillin 656:666 arg1 properties 642:651 the release properties 630:651 the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA 630:723 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 4 4 theme drug 817:820 arg1 release 802:808 slower release 795:808 slower release of the drug into the release medium 795:844 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 0 5 with Study 100:104 arg1 Epicatechin 149:159 Epicatechin 149:159 Epicatechin 149:159 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 0 5 with Study 100:104 arg1 Amoxicillin 133:143 Amoxicillin 133:143 Amoxicillin 133:143 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 5 6 theme fast 1014:1017 arg1 drug 1031:1034 the drug 1027:1034 fast or slow the drug 1014:1034 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 0 7 theme Release 109:115 arg1 Properties 117:126 Release Properties 109:126 Release Properties 109:126 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 4 8 theme release 831:837 arg1 medium 839:844 the release medium 827:844 the release medium 827:844 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 4 9 theme more 743:746 arg1 interactions 748:759 more interactions 743:759 more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP 743:786 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 1 10 theme physicochemical 339:353 arg1 characteristics 355:369 the physicochemical characteristics 335:369 the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes 335:396 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 1 11 contain containing 272:281 arg1 preparation 200:210 the fibers preparation 189:210 the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber 189:308 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 1 11 contain containing 272:281 arg2 triclosan 283:291 triclosan 283:291 triclosan 283:291 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 1 12 theme mechanical 456:465 arg1 tests 467:471 mechanical tests 456:471 mechanical tests 456:471 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 0 13 theme Properties 117:126 arg1 Study 100:104 Comparative Study 88:104 Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin 88:159 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 3 14 theme triclosan 684:692 arg1 properties 642:651 the release properties 630:651 the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA 630:723 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 4 15 theme slower 795:800 arg1 release 802:808 slower release 795:808 slower release of the drug into the release medium 795:844 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 1 16 theme fibers 193:198 arg1 preparation 200:210 the fibers preparation 189:210 the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber 189:308 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 5 17 theme system 887:892 arg1 design 894:899 the drug delivery system design 869:899 the drug delivery system design 869:899 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 3 18 dep amoxicillin 656:666 arg1 embedded 694:701 embedded 694:701 embedded 694:701 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 2 19 theme fiber 586:590 arg1 core 574:577 the core 570:577 the core of the fiber 570:590 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 5 20 theme slow 1022:1025 arg1 drug 1031:1034 the drug 1027:1034 fast or slow the drug 1014:1034 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 4 21 with interactions 748:759 arg1 PVP 784:786 PVP 784:786 PVP 784:786 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 4 21 with interactions 748:759 arg1 CA 778:779 CA 778:779 CA 778:779 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 2 22 contain containing 546:555 arg1 CA 535:536 CA 535:536 CA 535:536 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 2 22 contain containing 546:555 arg2 triclosan 557:565 triclosan 557:565 triclosan 557:565 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 1 23 theme cellulose 215:223 arg1 acetate 225:231 cellulose acetate 215:231 cellulose acetate (CA) 215:236 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 1 23 theme cellulose 215:223 arg1 CA 234:235 CA 234:235 CA 234:235 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 2 24 theme CA 535:536 arg1 fibers 525:530 composite fibers 515:530 composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber 515:590 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 1 25 theme fibrous 380:386 arg1 membranes 388:396 these fibrous membranes 374:396 these fibrous membranes 374:396 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 1 26 theme acetate 225:231 arg1 preparation 200:210 the fibers preparation 189:210 the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber 189:308 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 0 27 theme Electrospun 44:54 arg1 Fibers 56:61 Coaxial Electrospun Fibers 36:61 Coaxial Electrospun Fibers 36:61 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 1 28 theme membranes 388:396 arg1 characteristics 355:369 the physicochemical characteristics 335:369 the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes 335:396 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 0 29 theme Coaxial 36:42 arg1 Fibers 56:61 Coaxial Electrospun Fibers 36:61 Coaxial Electrospun Fibers 36:61 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 2 30 theme fibers 525:530 arg1 formation 502:510 The formation 498:510 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber 498:590 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 2 31 theme composite 515:523 arg1 fibers 525:530 composite fibers 515:530 composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber 515:590 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 3 32 theme comparative 609:619 arg1 study 621:625 A comparative study 607:625 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA 607:723 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 5 33 theme material 978:985 arg1 components 987:996 the material components 974:996 the material components 974:996 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 1 34 theme TEM 484:486 arg1 analysis 488:495 TEM analysis 484:495 TEM analysis 484:495 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 0 35 theme Fibers 56:61 arg1 Characterization 16:31 Characterization 16:31 Characterization 16:31 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 0 35 theme Fibers 56:61 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and Characterization of Coaxial Electrospun Fibers Containing Triclosan for Comparative Study of Release Properties with Amoxicillin and Epicatechin. 26634788 3 36 theme properties 642:651 arg1 study 621:625 A comparative study 607:625 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA 607:723 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 1 37 theme FTIR 419:422 arg1 spectroscopy 424:435 FTIR spectroscopy 419:435 FTIR spectroscopy 419:435 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 4 38 theme drug 768:771 arg1 interactions 748:759 more interactions 743:759 more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP 743:786 As more interactions of the drug with CA or PVP occur, slower release of the drug into the release medium takes place. 26634788 5 39 theme drug 873:876 arg1 design 894:899 the drug delivery system design 869:899 the drug delivery system design 869:899 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 2 40 theme PVP 542:544 arg1 fibers 525:530 composite fibers 515:530 composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber 515:590 The formation of composite fibers of CA and PVP containing triclosan at the core of the fiber was evidenced. 26634788 5 41 theme possible 934:941 arg1 interactions 953:964 the possible molecular interactions 930:964 the possible molecular interactions between the material components 930:996 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 5 42 theme delivery 878:885 arg1 design 894:899 the drug delivery system design 869:899 the drug delivery system design 869:899 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 1 43 theme thermal 438:444 arg1 analysis 446:453 thermal analysis 438:453 thermal analysis 438:453 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 3 44 theme release 634:640 arg1 properties 642:651 the release properties 630:651 the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA 630:723 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 5 45 theme molecular 943:951 arg1 interactions 953:964 the possible molecular interactions 930:964 the possible molecular interactions between the material components 930:996 Regarding the drug delivery system design, it is important to consider the possible molecular interactions between the material components and predict how fast or slow the drug will be delivered into the corresponding medium. 26634788 1 46 theme poly 242:245 arg1 preparation 200:210 the fibers preparation 189:210 the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber 189:308 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 26634788 3 47 theme epicatechin 669:679 arg1 properties 642:651 the release properties 630:651 the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA 630:723 A comparative study of the release properties of amoxicillin, epicatechin or triclosan embedded into fibers CA/PVP/CA was performed. 26634788 1 48 theme optimal 166:172 arg1 conditions 174:183 The optimal conditions 162:183 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber 162:308 The optimal conditions for the fibers preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing triclosan within the fiber were successfully found; the physicochemical characteristics of these fibrous membranes were corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical tests, SEM , and TEM analysis. 28606552 8 0 theme fluorescence 1116:1127 arg1 materials 1129:1137 membrane fluorescence materials 1107:1137 membrane fluorescence materials 1107:1137 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 7 1 theme fluorescence 955:966 arg1 sensor 968:973 a fluorescence sensor 953:973 a fluorescence sensor 953:973 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 7 1 theme fluorescence 955:966 arg1 response 863:870 an sensitive response 850:870 an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 850:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 7 2 theme Spectroscopic 774:786 arg1 data 788:791 Spectroscopic data 774:791 Spectroscopic data 774:791 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 7 3 theme 84nM 945:948 arg1 range 894:898 acceptable range 883:898 acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 883:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 3 4 theme 350nm 485:489 arg1 wavelength 471:480 the excitation wavelength 456:480 the excitation wavelength of 350nm 456:489 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 7 5 theme sensitive 853:861 arg1 sensor 968:973 a fluorescence sensor 953:973 a fluorescence sensor 953:973 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 7 5 theme sensitive 853:861 arg1 response 863:870 an sensitive response 850:870 an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 850:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 0 6 theme iron 101:104 arg1 detection 110:118 iron ion detection 101:118 iron ion detection 101:118 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 7 7 theme limit 936:940 arg1 range 894:898 acceptable range 883:898 acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 883:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 7 8 from response 863:870 arg1 range 894:898 acceptable range 883:898 acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 883:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 8 9 theme BC/N-CDs 1028:1035 arg1 composite 1037:1045 a novel BC/N-CDs composite 1020:1045 a novel BC/N-CDs composite 1020:1045 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 3 10 theme functional 406:415 arg1 groups 417:422 rich functional groups 401:422 rich functional groups 401:422 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 0 11 theme ion 106:108 arg1 detection 110:118 iron ion detection 101:118 iron ion detection 101:118 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 3 12 theme rich 401:404 arg1 groups 417:422 rich functional groups 401:422 rich functional groups 401:422 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 6 13 theme aqueous 756:762 arg1 solution 764:771 aqueous solution 756:771 aqueous solution 756:771 As-prepared BC/N-CDs were applied to the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. 28606552 3 14 with N-CDs 390:394 arg1 groups 417:422 rich functional groups 401:422 rich functional groups 401:422 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 2 15 theme BC 367:368 arg1 /N-CDs 370:375 bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 346:375 bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 346:375 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 8 16 theme membrane 1107:1114 arg1 materials 1129:1137 membrane fluorescence materials 1107:1137 membrane fluorescence materials 1107:1137 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 7 17 theme detection 926:934 arg1 limit 936:940 ultralow detection limit 917:940 ultralow detection limit 917:940 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 2 18 theme simple 284:289 arg1 biosensor 304:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor 272:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor 272:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 4 19 theme Digital 533:539 arg1 photos 541:546 Digital photos 533:546 Digital photos 533:546 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 6 20 theme Fe3+ 748:751 arg1 detection 735:743 the detection 731:743 the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution 731:771 As-prepared BC/N-CDs were applied to the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. 28606552 1 21 theme facile 183:188 arg1 method 203:208 a facile hydrothermal method 181:208 a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors 181:269 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 0 22 theme carbon 32:37 arg1 dots 39:42 nitrogen-doped carbon dots 17:42 nitrogen-doped carbon dots 17:42 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 7 23 theme 0.5-600μM 903:911 arg1 range 894:898 acceptable range 883:898 acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 883:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 8 24 contain has 1047:1049 arg1 composite 1037:1045 a novel BC/N-CDs composite 1020:1045 a novel BC/N-CDs composite 1020:1045 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 8 24 contain has 1047:1049 arg2 potential 1057:1065 great potential 1051:1065 great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials 1051:1137 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 2 25 theme green 274:278 arg1 biosensor 304:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor 272:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor 272:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 7 26 theme fluorescence 808:819 arg1 materials 821:829 fluorescence materials 808:829 fluorescence materials prepared 808:838 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 1 27 theme hydrothermal 190:201 arg1 method 203:208 a facile hydrothermal method 181:208 a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors 181:269 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 0 28 theme nitrogen-doped 17:30 arg1 dots 39:42 nitrogen-doped carbon dots 17:42 nitrogen-doped carbon dots 17:42 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 8 29 theme great 1051:1055 arg1 potential 1057:1065 great potential 1051:1065 great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials 1051:1137 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 0 30 from application 86:96 arg1 detection 110:118 iron ion detection 101:118 iron ion detection 101:118 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 4 31 theme Electron 600:607 arg1 TEM 621:623 TEM 621:623 TEM 621:623 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 4 31 theme Electron 600:607 arg1 Microscopy 609:618 Transmission Electron Microscopy 587:618 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 587:624 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 3 32 theme As-prepared 378:388 arg1 N-CDs 390:394 As-prepared N-CDs 378:394 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups 378:422 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 4 33 dep Infrared 567:574 arg1 FTIR 577:580 FTIR 577:580 FTIR 577:580 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 2 34 theme cellulose 356:364 arg1 /N-CDs 370:375 bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 346:375 bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 346:375 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 0 35 theme dots 39:42 arg1 Self-assembly 0:12 Self-assembly 0:12 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots 0:42 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 4 36 theme BC/N-CDs 508:515 arg1 Biosynthesis 492:503 Biosynthesis 492:503 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs 492:515 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 2 37 theme /N-CDs 370:375 arg1 biosynthesis 330:341 biosynthesis 330:341 biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 330:375 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 0 38 theme bacterial 56:64 arg1 cellulose 66:74 bacterial cellulose 56:74 bacterial cellulose 56:74 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 0 39 from cellulose 66:74 arg1 detection 110:118 iron ion detection 101:118 iron ion detection 101:118 Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. 28606552 3 40 theme excitation 460:469 arg1 wavelength 471:480 the excitation wavelength 456:480 the excitation wavelength of 350nm 456:489 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 8 41 theme novel 1022:1026 arg1 composite 1037:1045 a novel BC/N-CDs composite 1020:1045 a novel BC/N-CDs composite 1020:1045 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 1 42 theme Nitrogen-doped 121:134 arg1 N-CDs 149:153 N-CDs 149:153 N-CDs 149:153 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 1 42 theme Nitrogen-doped 121:134 arg1 dots 143:146 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots 121:146 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) 121:154 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 4 43 dep Fourier 549:555 arg1 Transform 557:565 Transform 557:565 Transform Infrared (FTIR) 557:581 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 8 44 theme ions 1093:1096 arg1 detection 1075:1083 the detection 1071:1083 the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials 1071:1137 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 7 45 theme ultralow 917:924 arg1 limit 936:940 ultralow detection limit 917:940 ultralow detection limit 917:940 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 1 46 theme carbon 136:141 arg1 N-CDs 149:153 N-CDs 149:153 N-CDs 149:153 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 1 46 theme carbon 136:141 arg1 dots 143:146 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots 121:146 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) 121:154 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 8 47 theme Fe3+ 1088:1091 arg1 ions 1093:1096 Fe3+ ions 1088:1096 Fe3+ ions 1088:1096 Furthermore, the results also indicate that a novel BC/N-CDs composite has great potential for the detection of Fe3+ ions based on membrane fluorescence materials. 28606552 2 48 theme fluorescence 291:302 arg1 biosensor 304:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor 272:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor 272:312 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 6 49 from detection 735:743 arg1 solution 764:771 aqueous solution 756:771 aqueous solution 756:771 As-prepared BC/N-CDs were applied to the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. 28606552 1 50 theme citric 216:221 arg1 CA 229:230 CA 229:230 CA 229:230 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 1 50 theme citric 216:221 arg1 precursors 260:269 precursors 260:269 precursors 260:269 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 1 50 theme citric 216:221 arg1 acid 223:226 citric acid 216:226 citric acid (CA) 216:231 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 1 50 theme citric 216:221 arg1 ethanediamine 237:249 ethanediamine 237:249 ethanediamine (EDA) 237:255 Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid (CA) and ethanediamine (EDA) as precursors. 28606552 3 51 theme blue 436:439 arg1 emission 441:448 a blue emission 434:448 a blue emission 434:448 As-prepared N-CDs with rich functional groups exhibited a blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350nm. 28606552 2 52 theme bacterial 346:354 arg1 /N-CDs 370:375 bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 346:375 bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs 346:375 A green and simple fluorescence biosensor was obtained by biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC)/N-CDs. 28606552 7 53 theme acceptable 883:892 arg1 range 894:898 acceptable range 883:898 acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM 883:948 Spectroscopic data revealed that, fluorescence materials prepared presented an sensitive response to Fe3+ in acceptable range of 0.5-600μM and ultralow detection limit of 84nM as a fluorescence sensor. 28606552 4 54 theme Transmission 587:598 arg1 TEM 621:623 TEM 621:623 TEM 621:623 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 4 54 theme Transmission 587:598 arg1 Microscopy 609:618 Transmission Electron Microscopy 587:618 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 587:624 Biosynthesis of BC/N-CDs was analyzed by Digital photos, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 28606552 6 55 theme As-prepared 694:704 arg1 BC/N-CDs 706:713 As-prepared BC/N-CDs 694:713 As-prepared BC/N-CDs 694:713 As-prepared BC/N-CDs were applied to the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. 26615870 0 0 theme research 68:75 arg1 Carrageenan 78:88 Carrageenan 78:88 Carrageenan 78:88 Parameters and pitfalls to consider in the conduct of food additive research, Carrageenan as a case study. 26615870 0 0 theme research 68:75 arg1 conduct 43:49 the conduct 39:49 the conduct of food additive research 39:75 Parameters and pitfalls to consider in the conduct of food additive research, Carrageenan as a case study. 26615870 2 1 theme additive 442:449 arg1 homogeneity/stability 413:433 homogeneity/stability 413:433 homogeneity/stability 413:433 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 2 1 theme additive 442:449 arg1 identity/purity 375:389 the identity/purity 371:389 the identity/purity 371:389 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 2 1 theme additive 442:449 arg1 weight 402:407 molecular weight 392:407 molecular weight 392:407 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 1 2 from conduct 143:149 arg1 additives 217:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 6 3 theme cell 1014:1017 arg1 types 1019:1023 well-characterized, relevant cell types 985:1023 well-characterized, relevant cell types 985:1023 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 1 4 theme food 212:215 arg1 additives 217:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 0 5 theme additive 59:66 arg1 research 68:75 food additive research 54:75 food additive research 54:75 Parameters and pitfalls to consider in the conduct of food additive research, Carrageenan as a case study. 26615870 1 6 theme case 282:285 arg1 study 287:291 a case study 280:291 a case study 280:291 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 1 7 from guidance 127:134 arg1 conduct 143:149 the conduct 139:149 the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives 139:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 5 8 theme high 813:816 arg1 concentrations 818:831 high concentrations 813:831 high concentrations 813:831 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 8 9 theme or 1370:1371 arg1 model 1378:1382 the animal or cell model 1359:1382 the animal or cell model 1359:1382 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 10 theme additives 1294:1302 arg1 appropriateness 1340:1354 the appropriateness 1336:1354 the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response 1336:1400 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 10 theme additives 1294:1302 arg1 interaction 1274:1284 the interaction 1270:1284 the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components 1270:1330 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 3 11 theme strong 489:494 arg1 binding 496:502 The strong binding 485:502 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula 485:553 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 6 12 dep well-characterized 985:1002 arg1 relevant 1005:1012 relevant 1005:1012 relevant 1005:1012 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 2 13 theme oral 470:473 arg1 delivery 475:482 oral delivery 470:482 oral delivery 470:482 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 8 14 theme new 1224:1226 arg1 studies 1228:1234 new studies 1224:1234 new studies on food additives 1224:1252 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 15 from Interpretation 1206:1219 arg1 additives 1244:1252 food additives 1239:1252 food additives 1239:1252 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 6 16 theme proper 1096:1101 arg1 conduct 1103:1109 proper conduct 1096:1109 proper conduct 1096:1109 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 4 17 dep non-caloric 654:664 arg1 non-nutritive 667:679 non-nutritive 667:679 non-nutritive 667:679 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 2 18 from weight 402:407 arg1 vehicle 458:464 the vehicle 454:464 the vehicle for oral delivery 454:482 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 4 19 theme nutritional 754:764 arg1 effects 766:772 potential nutritional effects 744:772 potential nutritional effects 744:772 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 2 20 dep important 300:308 arg1 understand 313:322 understand 313:322 to understand the physical/chemical properties 310:355 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 2 20 dep important 300:308 arg1 verify 364:369 verify 364:369 to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery 361:482 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 5 21 theme liquid 836:841 arg1 supplements 855:865 liquid nutritional supplements 836:865 liquid nutritional supplements 836:865 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 2 22 theme physical/chemical 328:344 arg1 properties 346:355 the physical/chemical properties 324:355 the physical/chemical properties 324:355 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 6 23 theme types 1019:1023 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the appropriate composition 1029:1055 the appropriate composition of the culture media 1029:1076 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 23 theme types 1019:1023 arg1 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 23 theme types 1019:1023 arg1 use 978:980 the use 974:980 the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types 974:1023 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 4 24 theme potential 744:752 arg1 effects 766:772 potential nutritional effects 744:772 potential nutritional effects 744:772 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 6 25 from studies 965:971 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the appropriate composition 1029:1055 the appropriate composition of the culture media 1029:1076 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 25 from studies 965:971 arg1 use 978:980 the use 974:980 the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types 974:1023 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 25 from studies 965:971 arg1 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 8 26 theme vehicle 1313:1319 arg1 components 1321:1330 the vehicle components 1309:1330 the vehicle components 1309:1330 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 6 27 theme well-characterized 985:1002 arg1 types 1019:1023 well-characterized, relevant cell types 985:1023 well-characterized, relevant cell types 985:1023 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 2 28 theme molecular 392:400 arg1 weight 402:407 molecular weight 392:407 molecular weight 392:407 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 2 29 from homogeneity/stability 413:433 arg1 vehicle 458:464 the vehicle 454:464 the vehicle for oral delivery 454:482 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 6 30 theme appropriate 1033:1043 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the appropriate composition 1029:1055 the appropriate composition of the culture media 1029:1076 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 30 theme appropriate 1033:1043 arg1 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 8 31 theme food 1289:1292 arg1 additives 1294:1302 food additives 1289:1302 food additives 1289:1302 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 5 32 from concentrations 818:831 arg1 additives 800:808 some high Mw additives 787:808 some high Mw additives at high concentrations 787:831 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 5 32 from concentrations 818:831 arg1 Addition 775:782 Addition 775:782 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements 775:865 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 4 33 theme non-caloric 654:664 arg1 Mw 651:652 high Mw 646:652 high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive 646:679 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 1 34 theme new 154:156 arg1 in vivo 158:164 new in vivo 154:164 new in vivo 154:164 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 4 35 theme total 718:722 arg1 diet 730:733 total solid diet 718:733 total solid diet 718:733 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 8 36 theme cell 1373:1376 arg1 model 1378:1382 the animal or cell model 1359:1382 the animal or cell model 1359:1382 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 5 37 theme nutritional 843:853 arg1 supplements 855:865 liquid nutritional supplements 836:865 liquid nutritional supplements 836:865 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 6 38 theme culture 1064:1070 arg1 media 1072:1076 the culture media 1060:1076 the culture media 1060:1076 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 5 39 theme weight 940:945 arg1 gain 947:950 body weight gain 935:950 body weight gain 935:950 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 5 39 theme weight 940:945 arg1 palatability 902:913 palatability 902:913 palatability 902:913 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 1 40 theme in vivo 158:164 arg1 conduct 143:149 the conduct 139:149 the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives 139:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 6 41 theme media 1072:1076 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the appropriate composition 1029:1055 the appropriate composition of the culture media 1029:1076 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 41 theme media 1072:1076 arg1 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 necessary 1082:1090 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 6 41 theme media 1072:1076 arg1 use 978:980 the use 974:980 the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types 974:1023 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 0 42 theme case 95:98 arg1 study 100:104 a case study 93:104 a case study 93:104 Parameters and pitfalls to consider in the conduct of food additive research, Carrageenan as a case study. 26615870 3 43 theme tract 586:590 arg1 exposure 592:599 no gastrointestinal tract exposure 566:599 no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN 566:611 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 3 44 theme CGN 507:509 arg1 binding 496:502 The strong binding 485:502 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula 485:553 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 6 45 from necessary 1082:1090 arg1 studies 965:971 in vitro studies 956:971 in vitro studies 956:971 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 8 46 theme animal 1363:1368 arg1 model 1378:1382 the animal or cell model 1359:1382 the animal or cell model 1359:1382 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 4 47 theme diet 730:733 arg1 weight 708:713 weight 708:713 weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects 708:772 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 5 48 theme high 792:795 arg1 additives 800:808 some high Mw additives 787:808 some high Mw additives at high concentrations 787:831 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 1 49 theme in vitro 170:177 arg1 studies 179:185 in vitro studies 170:185 in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives 170:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 1 50 theme used 257:260 arg1 food 262:265 the widely used food 246:265 the widely used food additive 246:274 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 1 50 theme used 257:260 arg1 carrageenan 233:243 carrageenan 233:243 carrageenan 233:243 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 1 51 from additives 217:225 arg1 conduct 143:149 the conduct 139:149 the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives 139:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 8 52 theme model 1378:1382 arg1 appropriateness 1340:1354 the appropriateness 1336:1354 the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response 1336:1400 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 52 theme model 1378:1382 arg1 interaction 1274:1284 the interaction 1270:1284 the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components 1270:1330 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 4 53 theme solid 724:728 arg1 diet 730:733 total solid diet 718:733 total solid diet 718:733 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 8 54 theme studies 1228:1234 arg1 Interpretation 1206:1219 Interpretation 1206:1219 Interpretation of new studies on food additives 1206:1252 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 1 55 theme studies 179:185 arg1 conduct 143:149 the conduct 139:149 the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives 139:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 8 56 theme dose-response 1388:1400 arg1 appropriateness 1340:1354 the appropriateness 1336:1354 the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response 1336:1400 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 56 theme dose-response 1388:1400 arg1 interaction 1274:1284 the interaction 1270:1284 the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components 1270:1330 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 57 with appropriateness 1340:1354 arg1 components 1321:1330 the vehicle components 1309:1330 the vehicle components 1309:1330 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 6 58 theme in vitro 956:963 arg1 studies 965:971 in vitro studies 956:971 in vitro studies 956:971 In in vitro studies, the use of well-characterized, relevant cell types and the appropriate composition of the culture media are necessary for proper conduct and interpretation. 26615870 3 59 theme gastrointestinal 569:584 arg1 exposure 592:599 no gastrointestinal tract exposure 566:599 no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN 566:611 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 1 60 from studies 179:185 arg1 additives 217:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 4 61 dep additives 681:689 arg1 exceed 695:700 exceed 695:700 additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects 681:772 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 7 62 dep media 1147:1151 arg1 protein 1153:1159 protein 1153:1159 protein 1153:1159 CGN is bound to media protein and not freely accessible to cells in vitro. 26615870 7 62 dep media 1147:1151 arg1 accessible 1176:1185 accessible 1176:1185 accessible 1176:1185 CGN is bound to media protein and not freely accessible to cells in vitro. 26615870 1 63 theme additive 267:274 arg1 food 262:265 the widely used food 246:265 the widely used food additive 246:274 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 1 63 theme additive 267:274 arg1 carrageenan 233:243 carrageenan 233:243 carrageenan 233:243 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 8 64 theme food 1239:1242 arg1 additives 1244:1252 food additives 1239:1252 food additives 1239:1252 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 3 65 theme rodent 525:530 arg1 chow 532:535 rodent chow 525:535 rodent chow 525:535 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 1 66 from in vivo 158:164 arg1 additives 217:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 8 67 from studies 1228:1234 arg1 additives 1244:1252 food additives 1239:1252 food additives 1239:1252 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 8 68 from additives 1244:1252 arg1 Interpretation 1206:1219 Interpretation 1206:1219 Interpretation of new studies on food additives 1206:1252 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 5 69 theme caloric 916:922 arg1 palatability 902:913 palatability 902:913 palatability 902:913 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 5 69 theme caloric 916:922 arg1 intake 924:929 caloric intake 916:929 caloric intake 916:929 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 4 70 theme Mw 651:652 arg1 doses 637:641 doses 637:641 doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive 637:679 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 8 71 with interaction 1274:1284 arg1 components 1321:1330 the vehicle components 1309:1330 the vehicle components 1309:1330 Interpretation of new studies on food additives should consider the interaction of food additives with the vehicle components and the appropriateness of the animal or cell model and dose-response. 26615870 4 72 theme high 646:649 arg1 Mw 651:652 high Mw 646:652 high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive 646:679 It is recommended that doses of high Mw non-caloric, non-nutritive additives not exceed 5% by weight of total solid diet to avoid potential nutritional effects. 26615870 1 73 theme high 190:193 arg1 weight 205:210 high molecular weight 190:210 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 0 74 theme food 54:57 arg1 research 68:75 food additive research 54:75 food additive research 54:75 Parameters and pitfalls to consider in the conduct of food additive research, Carrageenan as a case study. 26615870 3 75 theme free 604:607 arg1 CGN 609:611 free CGN 604:611 free CGN 604:611 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 3 76 theme infant 540:545 arg1 formula 547:553 infant formula 540:553 infant formula 540:553 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 5 77 theme Mw 797:798 arg1 additives 800:808 some high Mw additives 787:808 some high Mw additives at high concentrations 787:831 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 3 78 from protein 514:520 arg1 chow 532:535 rodent chow 525:535 rodent chow 525:535 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 3 78 from protein 514:520 arg1 formula 547:553 infant formula 540:553 infant formula 540:553 The strong binding of CGN to protein in rodent chow or infant formula results in no gastrointestinal tract exposure to free CGN. 26615870 1 79 theme molecular 195:203 arg1 weight 205:210 high molecular weight 190:210 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26615870 2 80 from identity/purity 375:389 arg1 vehicle 458:464 the vehicle 454:464 the vehicle for oral delivery 454:482 It is important to understand the physical/chemical properties and to verify the identity/purity, molecular weight and homogeneity/stability of the additive in the vehicle for oral delivery. 26615870 5 81 theme body 935:938 arg1 gain 947:950 body weight gain 935:950 body weight gain 935:950 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 5 81 theme body 935:938 arg1 palatability 902:913 palatability 902:913 palatability 902:913 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 5 82 from Addition 775:782 arg1 concentrations 818:831 high concentrations 813:831 high concentrations 813:831 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 5 83 theme additives 800:808 arg1 Addition 775:782 Addition 775:782 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements 775:865 Addition of some high Mw additives at high concentrations to liquid nutritional supplements increases viscosity and may affect palatability, caloric intake and body weight gain. 26615870 1 84 theme weight 205:210 arg1 additives 217:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 high molecular weight food additives 190:225 This paper provides guidance on the conduct of new in vivo and in vitro studies on high molecular weight food additives, with carrageenan, the widely used food additive, as a case study. 26013555 4 0 theme Alistipes 955:963 arg1 loss 988:991 loss 988:991 loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 988:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 4 0 theme Alistipes 955:963 arg1 gain 911:914 gain 911:914 gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus 911:982 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 7 1 theme micro-ecological 1492:1507 arg1 homeostasis 1509:1519 intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis 1481:1519 intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis 1481:1519 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 7 2 theme fungi 1374:1378 arg1 roles 1365:1369 the different roles 1351:1369 the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1351:1417 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 4 3 theme XIVa 1027:1030 arg1 loss 988:991 loss 988:991 loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 988:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 4 3 theme XIVa 1027:1030 arg1 gain 911:914 gain 911:914 gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus 911:982 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 7 4 theme different 1355:1363 arg1 roles 1365:1369 the different roles 1351:1369 the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1351:1417 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 6 5 theme colonic 1278:1284 arg1 mucosa 1286:1291 the colonic mucosa 1274:1291 the colonic mucosa 1274:1291 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 0 6 with mice 65:68 arg1 sulfate 83:89 dextran sulfate 75:89 dextran sulfate 75:89 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 7 7 theme inflamed 1543:1550 arg1 intestines 1552:1561 acutely inflamed intestines 1535:1561 acutely inflamed intestines 1535:1561 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 8 theme DSS-colitis 818:828 arg1 mice 830:833 DSS-colitis mice 818:833 DSS-colitis mice 818:833 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 0 9 theme dextran 75:81 arg1 sulfate 83:89 dextran sulfate 75:89 dextran sulfate 75:89 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 0 10 from Changes 0:6 arg1 composition 15:25 the composition 11:25 the composition of intestinal fungi 11:45 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 0 10 from Changes 0:6 arg1 mice 65:68 mice 65:68 mice with dextran sulfate 65:89 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 4 11 theme Fungi-depleted 836:849 arg1 mice 851:854 Fungi-depleted mice 836:854 Fungi-depleted mice 836:854 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 3 12 theme mice 830:833 arg1 guts 810:813 the guts 806:813 the guts of DSS-colitis mice 806:833 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 13 theme Saccharomycetales 765:781 arg1 genus 783:787 an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus 749:787 an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus 749:787 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 7 14 theme chronic 1393:1399 arg1 colitis 1411:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 6 15 theme increased 1204:1212 arg1 level 1238:1242 increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level 1204:1242 increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level 1204:1242 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 6 16 theme chronic 1169:1175 arg1 DSS-colitis 1187:1197 severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis 1160:1197 severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis 1160:1197 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 4 17 theme Barnesiella 929:939 arg1 loss 988:991 loss 988:991 loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 988:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 4 17 theme Barnesiella 929:939 arg1 gain 911:914 gain 911:914 gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus 911:982 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 4 18 dep XIVa 1027:1030 arg1 compare 1050:1056 compare 1050:1056 compare with normal control 1050:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 2 19 theme bacterial 259:267 arg1 constitution 269:280 gut bacterial constitution 255:280 gut bacterial constitution 255:280 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 2 20 from effects 204:210 arg1 constitution 269:280 gut bacterial constitution 255:280 gut bacterial constitution 255:280 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 2 20 from effects 204:210 arg1 inflammation 235:246 intestinal inflammation 224:246 intestinal inflammation 224:246 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 3 21 theme different 378:386 arg1 cecum 416:420 cecum 416:420 cecum 416:420 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 21 theme different 378:386 arg1 colon 427:431 colon 427:431 colon 427:431 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 21 theme different 378:386 arg1 ileum 409:413 ileum 409:413 ileum 409:413 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 21 theme different 378:386 arg1 segments 399:406 different intestinal segments 378:406 different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon) 378:432 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 7 22 theme important 1429:1437 arg1 They 1420:1423 They 1420:1423 They 1420:1423 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 7 22 theme important 1429:1437 arg1 counterbalance 1439:1452 important counterbalance 1429:1452 important counterbalance to bacteria 1429:1464 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 23 theme intestinal 388:397 arg1 cecum 416:420 cecum 416:420 cecum 416:420 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 23 theme intestinal 388:397 arg1 colon 427:431 colon 427:431 colon 427:431 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 23 theme intestinal 388:397 arg1 ileum 409:413 ileum 409:413 ileum 409:413 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 23 theme intestinal 388:397 arg1 segments 399:406 different intestinal segments 378:406 different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon) 378:432 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 2 24 theme gut 255:257 arg1 constitution 269:280 gut bacterial constitution 255:280 gut bacterial constitution 255:280 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 7 25 theme intestinal 1481:1490 arg1 homeostasis 1509:1519 intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis 1481:1519 intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis 1481:1519 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 7 26 from health 1525:1530 arg1 intestines 1552:1561 acutely inflamed intestines 1535:1561 acutely inflamed intestines 1535:1561 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 27 dep locations 465:473 arg1 feces 487:491 feces 487:491 feces 487:491 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 27 dep locations 465:473 arg1 mucosa 476:481 mucosa 476:481 mucosa 476:481 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 27 dep locations 465:473 arg1 locations 465:473 different colonization locations 442:473 different colonization locations (mucosa and feces) 442:492 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 1 28 theme gut 179:181 arg1 health 183:188 gut health 179:188 gut health 179:188 Intestinal fungi are increasingly believed to greatly influence gut health. 26013555 7 29 theme recurrent 1662:1670 arg1 colitis 1672:1678 chronic recurrent colitis 1654:1678 chronic recurrent colitis 1654:1678 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 30 dep segments 399:406 arg1 cecum 416:420 cecum 416:420 cecum 416:420 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 30 dep segments 399:406 arg1 colon 427:431 colon 427:431 colon 427:431 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 30 dep segments 399:406 arg1 ileum 409:413 ileum 409:413 ileum 409:413 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 30 dep segments 399:406 arg1 segments 399:406 different intestinal segments 378:406 different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon) 378:432 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 7 31 theme recurrent 1401:1409 arg1 colitis 1411:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 7 32 from roles 1365:1369 arg1 colitis 1411:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 7 33 theme acute 1383:1387 arg1 colitis 1411:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 acute and chronic recurrent colitis 1383:1417 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 34 from inflammation 540:551 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 35 theme fungal 350:355 arg1 compositions 357:368 fungal compositions 350:368 fungal compositions 350:368 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 7 36 from severity 1642:1649 arg1 colitis 1672:1678 chronic recurrent colitis 1654:1678 chronic recurrent colitis 1654:1678 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 37 theme mouse 593:597 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 0 38 theme intestinal 30:39 arg1 fungi 41:45 intestinal fungi 30:45 intestinal fungi 30:45 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 7 39 theme chronic 1654:1660 arg1 colitis 1672:1678 chronic recurrent colitis 1654:1678 chronic recurrent colitis 1654:1678 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 4 40 theme Anaerostipes 1037:1048 arg1 loss 988:991 loss 988:991 loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 988:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 4 40 theme Anaerostipes 1037:1048 arg1 gain 911:914 gain 911:914 gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus 911:982 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 5 41 theme attenuated 1120:1129 arg1 DSS-colitis 1137:1147 attenuated acute DSS-colitis 1120:1147 attenuated acute DSS-colitis 1120:1147 In contrast, bacteria-depleted mice show attenuated acute DSS-colitis. 26013555 6 42 theme -β-D-glucan 1226:1236 arg1 level 1238:1242 increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level 1204:1242 increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level 1204:1242 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 4 43 theme Lactobacillus 970:982 arg1 loss 988:991 loss 988:991 loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 988:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 4 43 theme Lactobacillus 970:982 arg1 gain 911:914 gain 911:914 gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus 911:982 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 0 44 from role 57:60 arg1 composition 15:25 the composition 11:25 the composition of intestinal fungi 11:45 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 0 44 from role 57:60 arg1 mice 65:68 mice 65:68 mice with dextran sulfate 65:89 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 3 45 theme dextran 556:562 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 6 46 dep chronic 1169:1175 arg1 recurrent 1177:1185 recurrent 1177:1185 recurrent 1177:1185 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 7 47 theme disease 1634:1640 arg1 severity 1642:1649 disease severity 1634:1649 disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis 1634:1678 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 5 48 theme acute 1131:1135 arg1 DSS-colitis 1137:1147 attenuated acute DSS-colitis 1120:1147 attenuated acute DSS-colitis 1120:1147 In contrast, bacteria-depleted mice show attenuated acute DSS-colitis. 26013555 3 49 theme -colitis 584:591 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 50 theme intestinal 529:538 arg1 inflammation 540:551 intestinal inflammation 529:551 intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 529:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 6 51 theme mesenteric 1294:1303 arg1 nodes 1311:1315 mesenteric lymph nodes 1294:1315 mesenteric lymph nodes 1294:1315 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 3 52 theme different 442:450 arg1 feces 487:491 feces 487:491 feces 487:491 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 52 theme different 442:450 arg1 mucosa 476:481 mucosa 476:481 mucosa 476:481 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 52 theme different 442:450 arg1 locations 465:473 different colonization locations 442:473 different colonization locations (mucosa and feces) 442:492 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 0 53 theme fungi 41:45 arg1 composition 15:25 the composition 11:25 the composition of intestinal fungi 11:45 Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. 26013555 6 54 with Mice 1150:1153 arg1 DSS-colitis 1187:1197 severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis 1160:1197 severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis 1160:1197 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 6 55 theme lymph 1305:1309 arg1 nodes 1311:1315 mesenteric lymph nodes 1294:1315 mesenteric lymph nodes 1294:1315 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 3 56 theme normal 617:622 arg1 controls 624:631 normal controls 617:631 normal controls 617:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 6 57 theme fungal 1248:1253 arg1 translocation 1255:1267 fungal translocation 1248:1267 fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen 1248:1326 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 3 58 theme colonization 452:463 arg1 feces 487:491 feces 487:491 feces 487:491 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 58 theme colonization 452:463 arg1 mucosa 476:481 mucosa 476:481 mucosa 476:481 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 58 theme colonization 452:463 arg1 locations 465:473 different colonization locations 442:473 different colonization locations (mucosa and feces) 442:492 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 59 theme sodium 572:577 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 4 60 theme acute 877:881 arg1 DSS-colitis 883:893 aggravated acute DSS-colitis 866:893 aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 866:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 6 61 theme plasma 1214:1219 arg1 level 1238:1242 increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level 1204:1242 increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level 1204:1242 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 2 62 theme fungi 215:219 arg1 clear 290:294 clear 290:294 clear 290:294 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 2 62 theme fungi 215:219 arg1 effects 204:210 the effects 200:210 the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution 200:280 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 1 63 theme Intestinal 115:124 arg1 fungi 126:130 Intestinal fungi 115:130 Intestinal fungi 115:130 Intestinal fungi are increasingly believed to greatly influence gut health. 26013555 4 64 theme aggravated 866:875 arg1 DSS-colitis 883:893 aggravated acute DSS-colitis 866:893 aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control 866:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 3 65 theme DSS 580:582 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 3 66 theme unidentified 752:763 arg1 genus 783:787 an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus 749:787 an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus 749:787 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 7 67 from homeostasis 1509:1519 arg1 intestines 1552:1561 acutely inflamed intestines 1535:1561 acutely inflamed intestines 1535:1561 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 3 68 theme sulfate 564:570 arg1 models 599:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models 556:604 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls 556:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 7 69 theme abnormal 1599:1606 arg1 sites 1608:1612 abnormal sites 1599:1612 abnormal sites 1599:1612 This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis. 26013555 4 70 theme normal 1063:1068 arg1 control 1070:1076 normal control 1063:1076 normal control 1063:1076 Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. 26013555 3 71 theme pyrosequencing 312:325 arg1 method 327:332 pyrosequencing method 312:332 pyrosequencing method 312:332 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26013555 5 72 theme bacteria-depleted 1092:1108 arg1 mice 1110:1113 bacteria-depleted mice 1092:1113 bacteria-depleted mice 1092:1113 In contrast, bacteria-depleted mice show attenuated acute DSS-colitis. 26013555 2 73 theme intestinal 224:233 arg1 inflammation 235:246 intestinal inflammation 224:246 intestinal inflammation 224:246 However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. 26013555 6 74 dep level 1238:1242 arg1 1,3 1222:1224 1,3 1222:1224 1,3 1222:1224 Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. 26013555 3 75 dep models 599:604 arg1 compare 606:612 compare 606:612 compare to normal controls 606:631 Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. 26118117 6 0 theme wet 855:857 arg1 process 871:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 9 1 theme x 1497:1497 arg1 -3 1502:1503 -3 1502:1503 -3 1502:1503 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 9 1 theme x 1497:1497 arg1 cm 1499:1500 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm 1484:1500 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3) 1484:1504 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 10 2 theme high 1545:1548 arg1 process 1572:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 9 3 theme process 1321:1327 arg1 parameters 1329:1338 parameters 1329:1338 parameters 1329:1338 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 6 4 theme high 844:847 arg1 process 871:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 4 5 theme dry 561:563 arg1 mixing 565:570 dry mixing 561:570 dry mixing 561:570 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 9 6 dep 355 1417:1419 arg1 to 1414:1415 to 1414:1415 to 1414:1415 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 4 7 theme wet 608:610 arg1 time 620:623 wet massing time 608:623 wet massing time 608:623 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 5 8 theme composite 743:751 arg1 design 766:771 the central composite experimental design 731:771 the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters 731:817 And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. 26118117 1 9 theme process 160:166 arg1 space 120:124 The design space 109:124 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process 109:166 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 6 10 theme design 824:829 arg1 space 831:835 The design space 820:835 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process 820:877 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 2 11 theme water 297:301 arg1 system 251:256 The system 247:256 The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water 247:301 The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water was used in this study. 26118117 6 12 theme quadratic 908:916 arg1 model 940:944 the quadratic polynomial regression model 904:944 the quadratic polynomial regression model 904:944 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 4 13 theme water 587:591 arg1 time 602:605 water addition time 587:605 water addition time 587:605 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 8 14 theme 95 1271:1272 arg1 % 1273:1273 % 1273:1273 % 1273:1273 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 2 15 theme microcrystalline 261:276 arg1 water 297:301 microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water 261:301 microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water 261:301 The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water was used in this study. 26118117 7 16 theme critical 1072:1079 arg1 attributes 1089:1098 critical quality attributes 1072:1098 critical quality attributes 1072:1098 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 8 17 theme space 1201:1205 arg1 reliability 1179:1189 The reliability 1175:1189 The reliability 1175:1189 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 7 18 theme quality 1081:1087 arg1 attributes 1089:1098 critical quality attributes 1072:1098 critical quality attributes 1072:1098 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 5 19 theme critical 791:798 arg1 parameters 808:817 screened critical process parameters 782:817 screened critical process parameters 782:817 And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. 26118117 4 20 theme experimental 445:456 arg1 design 458:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design 428:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design 428:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 1 21 theme design 113:118 arg1 space 120:124 The design space 109:124 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process 109:166 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 6 22 theme process 871:877 arg1 space 831:835 The design space 820:835 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process 820:877 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 4 23 theme wet 660:662 arg1 massing 664:670 wet massing 660:670 wet massing 660:670 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 10 24 theme QbD 1654:1656 arg1 concept 1658:1664 the QbD concept 1650:1664 the QbD concept 1650:1664 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 8 25 theme overlay 1223:1229 arg1 plot 1231:1234 overlay plot 1223:1234 overlay plot 1223:1234 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 0 26 theme process 52:58 arg1 development 60:70 high shear wet granulation process development 25:70 high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose 25:105 [Quality by design based high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose]. 26118117 1 27 theme high 133:136 arg1 process 160:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 1 28 theme wet 144:146 arg1 process 160:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 3 29 theme median 331:336 arg1 size 346:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 29 theme median 331:336 arg1 attributes 416:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 29 theme median 331:336 arg1 density 360:366 bulk density 355:366 bulk density of granules 355:378 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 4 30 theme drying 676:681 arg1 time 683:686 drying time 676:686 drying time 676:686 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 0 31 theme microcrystalline 80:95 arg1 cellulose 97:105 the microcrystalline cellulose 76:105 the microcrystalline cellulose 76:105 [Quality by design based high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose]. 26118117 6 32 theme regression 929:938 arg1 model 940:944 the quadratic polynomial regression model 904:944 the quadratic polynomial regression model 904:944 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 3 33 theme quality 408:414 arg1 size 346:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 33 theme quality 408:414 arg1 attributes 416:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 33 theme quality 408:414 arg1 density 360:366 bulk density 355:366 bulk density of granules 355:378 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 9 34 theme bulk 1433:1436 arg1 density 1438:1444 the bulk density 1429:1444 the bulk density 1429:1444 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 3 35 theme bulk 355:358 arg1 attributes 416:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 35 theme bulk 355:358 arg1 size 346:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 35 theme bulk 355:358 arg1 density 360:366 bulk density 355:366 bulk density of granules 355:378 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 8 36 theme % 1273:1273 arg1 interval 1286:1293 95% confidence interval 1271:1293 95% confidence interval 1271:1293 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 7 37 theme critical 1104:1111 arg1 parameters 1121:1130 critical process parameters 1104:1130 critical process parameters 1104:1130 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 8 38 theme interval 1286:1293 arg1 addition 1259:1266 the addition 1255:1266 the addition of 95% confidence interval 1255:1293 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 4 39 theme impeller 531:538 arg1 speed 552:556 the impeller and chopper speed 527:556 speed 552:556 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 1 40 theme granulation 148:158 arg1 process 160:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 speed 651:655 the impeller and chopper speed 626:655 speed 651:655 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 time 683:686 drying time 676:686 drying time 676:686 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 time 602:605 water addition time 587:605 water addition time 587:605 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 mixing 565:570 dry mixing 561:570 dry mixing 561:570 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 massing 664:670 wet massing 660:670 wet massing 660:670 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 amount 579:584 water amount 573:584 water amount 573:584 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 time 521:524 dry mixing time 510:524 dry mixing time 510:524 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 speed 552:556 the impeller and chopper speed 527:556 speed 552:556 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 41 dep follows 501:507 arg1 time 620:623 wet massing time 608:623 wet massing time 608:623 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 0 42 theme high 25:28 arg1 development 60:70 high shear wet granulation process development 25:70 high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose 25:105 [Quality by design based high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose]. 26118117 10 43 dep robustness 1511:1520 arg1 The 1507:1509 The 1507:1509 The 1507:1509 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 0 44 theme wet 36:38 arg1 development 60:70 high shear wet granulation process development 25:70 high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose 25:105 [Quality by design based high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose]. 26118117 4 45 theme mixing 514:519 arg1 time 521:524 dry mixing time 510:524 dry mixing time 510:524 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 10 46 theme process 1572:1578 arg1 flexibility 1526:1536 flexibility 1526:1536 flexibility 1526:1536 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 10 46 theme process 1572:1578 arg1 robustness 1511:1520 robustness 1511:1520 robustness 1511:1520 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 speed 651:655 the impeller and chopper speed 626:655 speed 651:655 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 time 683:686 drying time 676:686 drying time 676:686 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 time 602:605 water addition time 587:605 water addition time 587:605 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 mixing 565:570 dry mixing 561:570 dry mixing 561:570 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 massing 664:670 wet massing 660:670 wet massing 660:670 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 amount 579:584 water amount 573:584 water amount 573:584 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 time 521:524 dry mixing time 510:524 dry mixing time 510:524 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 speed 552:556 the impeller and chopper speed 527:556 speed 552:556 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 47 theme mixing 565:570 arg1 time 620:623 wet massing time 608:623 wet massing time 608:623 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 10 48 theme granulation 1560:1570 arg1 process 1572:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 1 49 theme quality 222:228 arg1 framework 209:217 the framework 205:217 the framework of quality 205:228 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 6 50 theme granulation 859:869 arg1 process 871:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 9 51 theme g 1495:1495 arg1 -3 1502:1503 -3 1502:1503 -3 1502:1503 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 9 51 theme g 1495:1495 arg1 cm 1499:1500 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm 1484:1500 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3) 1484:1504 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 4 52 theme water 573:577 arg1 massing 664:670 wet massing 660:670 wet massing 660:670 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 52 theme water 573:577 arg1 mixing 565:570 dry mixing 561:570 dry mixing 561:570 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 52 theme water 573:577 arg1 amount 579:584 water amount 573:584 water amount 573:584 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 10 53 theme shear 1550:1554 arg1 process 1572:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 6 54 theme shear 849:853 arg1 process 871:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 the high shear wet granulation process 840:877 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 9 55 theme cm 1499:1500 arg1 range 1475:1479 a range 1473:1479 a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3) 1473:1504 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 4 56 theme chopper 544:550 arg1 speed 552:556 the impeller and chopper speed 527:556 speed 552:556 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 7 57 theme fit 1023:1025 arg1 lack 1015:1018 lack 1015:1018 lack of fit 1015:1025 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 5 58 theme process 800:806 arg1 parameters 808:817 screened critical process parameters 782:817 screened critical process parameters 782:817 And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. 26118117 4 59 used used 469:472 arg2 design 458:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design 428:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design 428:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 7 60 theme lack 1015:1018 arg1 models 974:979 models 974:979 models were less than 0.05 974:999 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 7 60 theme lack 1015:1018 arg1 values 1005:1010 values 1005:1010 values of lack of fit 1005:1025 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 9 61 theme design 1352:1357 arg1 space 1359:1363 the design space 1348:1363 the design space 1348:1363 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 6 62 theme polynomial 918:927 arg1 model 940:944 the quadratic polynomial regression model 904:944 the quadratic polynomial regression model 904:944 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. 26118117 4 63 theme massing 612:618 arg1 time 620:623 wet massing time 608:623 wet massing time 608:623 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 7 64 theme values 1005:1010 arg1 P-values 957:964 the P-values 953:964 the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit 953:1025 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 7 64 theme values 1005:1010 arg1 more 1032:1035 more 1032:1035 more 1032:1035 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 2 65 theme cellulose-de-ioned 278:295 arg1 water 297:301 microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water 261:301 microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water 261:301 The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water was used in this study. 26118117 4 66 theme Plackeet-Burmann 428:443 arg1 design 458:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design 428:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design 428:463 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 5 67 theme screened 782:789 arg1 parameters 808:817 screened critical process parameters 782:817 screened critical process parameters 782:817 And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. 26118117 4 68 theme addition 593:600 arg1 time 602:605 water addition time 587:605 water addition time 587:605 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 10 69 theme design 1628:1633 arg1 space 1635:1639 the design space 1624:1639 the design space based on the QbD concept 1624:1664 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 4 70 theme chopper 643:649 arg1 speed 651:655 the impeller and chopper speed 626:655 speed 651:655 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 7 71 theme models 974:979 arg1 P-values 957:964 the P-values 953:964 the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit 953:1025 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 7 71 theme models 974:979 arg1 more 1032:1035 more 1032:1035 more 1032:1035 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 9 72 dep 0.6 1491:1493 arg1 to 1488:1489 to 1488:1489 to 1488:1489 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 1 73 theme shear 138:142 arg1 process 160:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 the high shear wet granulation process 129:166 The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). 26118117 4 74 theme impeller 630:637 arg1 speed 651:655 the impeller and chopper speed 626:655 speed 651:655 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 3 75 theme granule 338:344 arg1 size 346:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 75 theme granule 338:344 arg1 attributes 416:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 75 theme granule 338:344 arg1 density 360:366 bulk density 355:366 bulk density of granules 355:378 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 7 76 theme process 1113:1119 arg1 parameters 1121:1130 critical process parameters 1104:1130 critical process parameters 1104:1130 Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. 26118117 2 77 used used 307:310 arg2 system 251:256 The system 247:256 The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water 247:301 The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water was used in this study. 26118117 5 78 theme central 735:741 arg1 design 766:771 the central composite experimental design 731:771 the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters 731:817 And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 speed 651:655 the impeller and chopper speed 626:655 speed 651:655 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 time 683:686 drying time 676:686 drying time 676:686 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 time 602:605 water addition time 587:605 water addition time 587:605 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 mixing 565:570 dry mixing 561:570 dry mixing 561:570 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 massing 664:670 wet massing 660:670 wet massing 660:670 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 amount 579:584 water amount 573:584 water amount 573:584 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 time 521:524 dry mixing time 510:524 dry mixing time 510:524 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 speed 552:556 the impeller and chopper speed 527:556 speed 552:556 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 4 79 theme massing 664:670 arg1 time 620:623 wet massing time 608:623 wet massing time 608:623 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 3 80 theme critical 399:406 arg1 size 346:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 80 theme critical 399:406 arg1 attributes 416:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 80 theme critical 399:406 arg1 density 360:366 bulk density 355:366 bulk density of granules 355:378 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 5 81 theme experimental 753:764 arg1 design 766:771 the central composite experimental design 731:771 the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters 731:817 And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. 26118117 8 82 theme confidence 1275:1284 arg1 interval 1286:1293 95% confidence interval 1271:1293 95% confidence interval 1271:1293 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 0 83 theme shear 30:34 arg1 development 60:70 high shear wet granulation process development 25:70 high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose 25:105 [Quality by design based high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose]. 26118117 9 84 theme granule 1370:1376 arg1 size 1378:1381 the granule size 1366:1381 the granule size 1366:1381 For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). 26118117 4 85 theme dry 510:512 arg1 time 521:524 dry mixing time 510:524 dry mixing time 510:524 Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. 26118117 0 86 theme granulation 40:50 arg1 development 60:70 high shear wet granulation process development 25:70 high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose 25:105 [Quality by design based high shear wet granulation process development for the microcrystalline cellulose]. 26118117 3 87 theme granules 371:378 arg1 attributes 416:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 critical quality attributes 399:425 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 87 theme granules 371:378 arg1 size 346:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size 327:349 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 3 87 theme granules 371:378 arg1 density 360:366 bulk density 355:366 bulk density of granules 355:378 The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. 26118117 10 88 theme space 1635:1639 arg1 establishment 1607:1619 the establishment 1603:1619 the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept 1603:1664 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 26118117 8 89 theme design 1194:1199 arg1 space 1201:1205 design space 1194:1205 design space 1194:1205 The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. 26118117 10 90 theme wet 1556:1558 arg1 process 1572:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 the high shear wet granulation process 1541:1578 The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept. 28466946 7 0 theme similar 1594:1600 arg1 conditions 1621:1630 similar chemical prebiotic conditions 1594:1630 similar chemical prebiotic conditions 1594:1630 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 6 1 theme co-surfactants 1377:1390 arg1 presence 1345:1352 the presence 1341:1352 the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants 1341:1390 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 0 2 contain containing 46:55 arg1 mixtures 37:44 rehydrated crude mixtures 20:44 rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 20:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 0 2 contain containing 46:55 arg2 mixtures 68:75 unexpected mixtures 57:75 unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 57:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 2 3 theme amphiphiles 385:395 arg1 bilayers 357:364 bilayers 357:364 bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles 357:395 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 4 4 theme micrometer 936:945 arg1 scale 947:951 the micrometer scale 932:951 the micrometer scale 932:951 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 6 5 theme appropriate 1319:1329 arg1 pH 1331:1332 the appropriate pH 1315:1332 the appropriate pH 1315:1332 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 6 6 theme giant 1281:1285 arg1 vesicles 1287:1294 multilamellar giant vesicles 1267:1294 multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants 1267:1390 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 2 7 theme spontanenous 301:312 arg1 prerequisite 410:421 a prerequisite 408:421 a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set 408:463 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 2 7 theme spontanenous 301:312 arg1 appearance 314:323 The spontanenous appearance 297:323 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles 297:395 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 4 8 theme self-assembling 890:904 arg1 capable 879:885 capable 879:885 capable 879:885 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 2 9 theme molecular 475:483 arg1 level 485:489 the molecular level 471:489 the molecular level 471:489 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 4 10 theme vesicular 911:919 arg1 objects 921:927 vesicular objects 911:927 vesicular objects on the micrometer scale 911:951 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 6 11 theme prebiotic 1241:1249 arg1 mixtures 1251:1258 the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1223:1258 the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1223:1258 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 2 12 theme membranes 335:343 arg1 prerequisite 410:421 a prerequisite 408:421 a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set 408:463 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 2 12 theme membranes 335:343 arg1 appearance 314:323 The spontanenous appearance 297:323 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles 297:395 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 9 13 theme prebiotic 1811:1819 arg1 conditions 1821:1830 simulated prebiotic conditions 1801:1830 simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1801:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 7 14 theme lipid 1454:1458 arg1 aggregates 1460:1469 lipid aggregates 1454:1469 lipid aggregates 1454:1469 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 5 15 theme recognized 1115:1124 arg1 cyanamide 1102:1110 cyanamide 1102:1110 cyanamide 1102:1110 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 5 15 theme recognized 1115:1124 arg1 activator 1145:1153 a recognized prebiotic chemical activator 1113:1153 a recognized prebiotic chemical activator 1113:1153 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 1 16 theme Giant 137:141 arg1 vesicles 149:156 Giant lipid vesicles 137:156 Giant lipid vesicles 137:156 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 5 17 theme chemical 1136:1143 arg1 cyanamide 1102:1110 cyanamide 1102:1110 cyanamide 1102:1110 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 5 17 theme chemical 1136:1143 arg1 activator 1145:1153 a recognized prebiotic chemical activator 1113:1153 a recognized prebiotic chemical activator 1113:1153 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 3 18 theme reactive 656:663 arg1 molecules 671:679 reactive small molecules 656:679 reactive small molecules 656:679 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 9 19 theme phosphate 1851:1859 arg1 sources 1861:1867 phosphate sources 1851:1867 phosphate sources 1851:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 0 20 theme amphiphiles 80:90 arg1 mixtures 68:75 unexpected mixtures 57:75 unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 57:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 1 21 theme biological 183:192 arg1 cells 194:198 biological cells 183:198 biological cells 183:198 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 9 22 from conditions 1821:1830 arg1 presence 1839:1846 the presence 1835:1846 the presence of phosphate sources 1835:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 4 23 theme prebiotic 797:805 arg1 environments 807:818 prebiotic environments 797:818 prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale 797:951 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 5 24 theme several 1175:1181 arg1 classes 1192:1198 several compound classes 1175:1198 several compound classes 1175:1198 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 9 25 theme O-phosphorylethanolamine 1899:1922 arg1 precursor 1939:1947 a plausible precursor 1927:1947 a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids 1927:1978 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 25 theme O-phosphorylethanolamine 1899:1922 arg1 analysis 1773:1780 a spectroscopic analysis 1757:1780 a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1757:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 25 theme O-phosphorylethanolamine 1899:1922 arg1 analysis 1887:1894 spectroscopic analysis 1873:1894 spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine 1873:1922 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 2 26 theme competitive 437:447 arg1 behavior 449:456 Darwinian competitive behavior 427:456 Darwinian competitive behavior to set 427:463 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 0 27 theme prebiotic 115:123 arg1 conditions 125:134 plausibly prebiotic conditions 105:134 plausibly prebiotic conditions 105:134 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 5 28 theme simulated 1046:1054 arg1 conditions 1082:1091 simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions 1046:1091 simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions 1046:1091 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 0 29 theme Giant 0:4 arg1 vesicles 6:13 Giant vesicles 0:13 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 0:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 5 30 theme amphiphilic 1005:1015 arg1 compounds 1017:1025 related amphiphilic compounds 997:1025 related amphiphilic compounds 997:1025 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 8 31 theme amphiphiles 1660:1670 arg1 formation 1637:1645 The formation 1633:1645 The formation of prebiotic amphiphiles 1633:1670 The formation of prebiotic amphiphiles was monitored by using TLC, IR, NMR and ESI-MS and UPLC-HRMS. 28466946 9 32 theme phosphoethanolamine 1953:1971 arg1 lipids 1973:1978 phosphoethanolamine lipids 1953:1978 phosphoethanolamine lipids 1953:1978 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 4 33 theme amphiphilic 857:867 arg1 molecules 869:877 simple amphiphilic molecules 850:877 simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling 850:904 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 0 34 theme crude 31:35 arg1 mixtures 37:44 rehydrated crude mixtures 20:44 rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 20:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 4 35 theme capable 879:885 arg1 molecules 869:877 simple amphiphilic molecules 850:877 simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling 850:904 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 2 36 theme self-assembling 369:383 arg1 amphiphiles 385:395 self-assembling amphiphiles 369:395 self-assembling amphiphiles 369:395 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 1 37 theme membrane 236:243 arg1 dimension 225:233 their dimension 219:233 their dimension 219:233 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 1 37 theme membrane 236:243 arg1 structure 245:253 membrane structure 236:253 membrane structure 236:253 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 7 38 theme chemical 1602:1609 arg1 conditions 1621:1630 similar chemical prebiotic conditions 1594:1630 similar chemical prebiotic conditions 1594:1630 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 5 39 theme phosphorylation 1066:1080 arg1 conditions 1082:1091 simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions 1046:1091 simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions 1046:1091 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 6 40 theme Crude 1201:1205 arg1 material 1211:1218 Crude dry material 1201:1218 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1201:1258 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 3 41 theme chemical 724:731 arg1 equilibrium 733:743 chemical equilibrium 724:743 chemical equilibrium 724:743 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 3 42 theme membrane 537:544 arg1 composition 546:556 their membrane composition 531:556 their membrane composition (evolvable) 531:568 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 3 42 theme membrane 537:544 arg1 evolvable 559:567 evolvable 559:567 evolvable 559:567 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 6 43 theme prebiotic 1367:1375 arg1 co-surfactants 1377:1390 plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants 1357:1390 plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants 1357:1390 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 3 44 from composition 546:556 arg1 dynamic 520:526 dynamic 520:526 dynamic 520:526 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 1 45 theme membrane 275:282 arg1 composition 284:294 their membrane composition 269:294 their membrane composition 269:294 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 7 46 theme lipid 1506:1510 arg1 assemblies 1512:1521 prebiotic lipid assemblies 1496:1521 prebiotic lipid assemblies 1496:1521 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 6 47 theme multilamellar 1267:1279 arg1 vesicles 1287:1294 multilamellar giant vesicles 1267:1294 multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants 1267:1390 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 1 48 theme cells 194:198 arg1 compartments 167:178 compartments 167:178 compartments of biological cells 167:198 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 7 49 theme nucleic 1553:1559 arg1 acids 1561:1565 nucleic acids 1553:1565 nucleic acids 1553:1565 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 6 50 theme mixtures 1251:1258 arg1 material 1211:1218 Crude dry material 1201:1218 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1201:1258 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 3 51 from dynamic 520:526 arg1 composition 546:556 their membrane composition 531:556 their membrane composition (evolvable) 531:568 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 3 51 from dynamic 520:526 arg1 evolvable 559:567 evolvable 559:567 evolvable 559:567 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 9 52 theme cyanamide 1785:1793 arg1 precursor 1939:1947 a plausible precursor 1927:1947 a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids 1927:1978 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 52 theme cyanamide 1785:1793 arg1 analysis 1773:1780 a spectroscopic analysis 1757:1780 a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1757:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 52 theme cyanamide 1785:1793 arg1 analysis 1887:1894 spectroscopic analysis 1873:1894 spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine 1873:1922 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 6 53 theme obtained 1232:1239 arg1 mixtures 1251:1258 the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1223:1258 the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1223:1258 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 2 54 theme closed 328:333 arg1 membranes 335:343 closed membranes 328:343 closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles 328:395 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 9 55 theme simulated 1801:1809 arg1 conditions 1821:1830 simulated prebiotic conditions 1801:1830 simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1801:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 5 56 theme alkyl 965:969 arg1 phosphates 971:980 Long-chain alkyl phosphates 954:980 Long-chain alkyl phosphates 954:980 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 6 57 theme optical 1408:1414 arg1 microscopy 1416:1425 optical microscopy 1408:1425 optical microscopy 1408:1425 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 7 58 theme aggregates 1460:1469 arg1 shape 1445:1449 the shape 1441:1449 the shape of lipid aggregates 1441:1469 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 7 58 theme aggregates 1460:1469 arg1 size 1432:1435 The size 1428:1435 The size 1428:1435 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 5 59 theme prebiotic 1126:1134 arg1 cyanamide 1102:1110 cyanamide 1102:1110 cyanamide 1102:1110 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 5 59 theme prebiotic 1126:1134 arg1 activator 1145:1153 a recognized prebiotic chemical activator 1113:1153 a recognized prebiotic chemical activator 1113:1153 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 1 60 theme lipid 143:147 arg1 vesicles 149:156 Giant lipid vesicles 137:156 Giant lipid vesicles 137:156 Giant lipid vesicles resemble compartments of biological cells, mimicking them in their dimension, membrane structure and partly in their membrane composition. 28466946 5 61 dep together 983:990 arg1 with 992:995 with 992:995 with 992:995 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 9 62 theme sources 1861:1867 arg1 presence 1839:1846 the presence 1835:1846 the presence of phosphate sources 1835:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 63 theme spectroscopic 1759:1771 arg1 precursor 1939:1947 a plausible precursor 1927:1947 a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids 1927:1978 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 63 theme spectroscopic 1759:1771 arg1 analysis 1773:1780 a spectroscopic analysis 1757:1780 a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1757:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 63 theme spectroscopic 1759:1771 arg1 analysis 1887:1894 spectroscopic analysis 1873:1894 spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine 1873:1922 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 5 64 theme Long-chain 954:963 arg1 phosphates 971:980 Long-chain alkyl phosphates 954:980 Long-chain alkyl phosphates 954:980 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 9 65 theme spectroscopic 1873:1885 arg1 precursor 1939:1947 a plausible precursor 1927:1947 a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids 1927:1978 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 65 theme spectroscopic 1873:1885 arg1 analysis 1773:1780 a spectroscopic analysis 1757:1780 a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1757:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 65 theme spectroscopic 1873:1885 arg1 analysis 1887:1894 spectroscopic analysis 1873:1894 spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine 1873:1922 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 2 66 from level 485:489 arg1 prerequisite 410:421 a prerequisite 408:421 a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set 408:463 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 2 66 from level 485:489 arg1 appearance 314:323 The spontanenous appearance 297:323 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles 297:395 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 4 67 from objects 921:927 arg1 scale 947:951 the micrometer scale 932:951 the micrometer scale 932:951 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 7 68 theme prebiotic 1496:1504 arg1 assemblies 1512:1521 prebiotic lipid assemblies 1496:1521 prebiotic lipid assemblies 1496:1521 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 5 69 theme compound 1183:1190 arg1 classes 1192:1198 several compound classes 1175:1198 several compound classes 1175:1198 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 0 70 from mixtures 37:44 arg1 vesicles 6:13 Giant vesicles 0:13 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 0:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 2 71 theme Darwinian 427:435 arg1 behavior 449:456 Darwinian competitive behavior 427:456 Darwinian competitive behavior to set 427:463 The spontanenous appearance of closed membranes composed of bilayers of self-assembling amphiphiles was likely a prerequisite for Darwinian competitive behavior to set in at the molecular level. 28466946 5 72 theme related 997:1003 arg1 compounds 1017:1025 related amphiphilic compounds 997:1025 related amphiphilic compounds 997:1025 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 9 73 theme plausible 1929:1937 arg1 precursor 1939:1947 a plausible precursor 1927:1947 a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids 1927:1978 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 73 theme plausible 1929:1937 arg1 analysis 1773:1780 a spectroscopic analysis 1757:1780 a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources 1757:1867 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 9 73 theme plausible 1929:1937 arg1 analysis 1887:1894 spectroscopic analysis 1873:1894 spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine 1873:1922 In addition we provide a spectroscopic analysis of cyanamide under simulated prebiotic conditions in the presence of phosphate sources and spectroscopic analysis of O-phosphorylethanolamine as a plausible precursor for phosphoethanolamine lipids. 28466946 0 74 theme rehydrated 20:29 arg1 mixtures 37:44 rehydrated crude mixtures 20:44 rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 20:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 4 75 theme bottom-up 764:772 arg1 experiments 774:784 bottom-up experiments 764:784 bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale 764:951 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 3 76 theme small 665:669 arg1 molecules 671:679 reactive small molecules 656:679 reactive small molecules 656:679 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 4 77 theme simple 850:855 arg1 molecules 869:877 simple amphiphilic molecules 850:877 simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling 850:904 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 3 78 theme Such 492:495 arg1 compartments 497:508 Such compartments 492:508 Such compartments 492:508 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 28466946 0 79 theme unexpected 57:66 arg1 mixtures 68:75 unexpected mixtures 57:75 unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles 57:90 Giant vesicles from rehydrated crude mixtures containing unexpected mixtures of amphiphiles formed under plausibly prebiotic conditions. 28466946 8 80 theme prebiotic 1650:1658 arg1 amphiphiles 1660:1670 prebiotic amphiphiles 1650:1670 prebiotic amphiphiles 1650:1670 The formation of prebiotic amphiphiles was monitored by using TLC, IR, NMR and ESI-MS and UPLC-HRMS. 28466946 4 81 theme molecules 869:877 arg1 formation 837:845 the formation 833:845 the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale 833:951 Here we describe bottom-up experiments simulating prebiotic environments that support the formation of simple amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling into vesicular objects on the micrometer scale. 28466946 5 82 theme prebiotic 1056:1064 arg1 conditions 1082:1091 simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions 1046:1091 simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions 1046:1091 Long-chain alkyl phosphates, together with related amphiphilic compounds, were formed under simulated prebiotic phosphorylation conditions by using cyanamide, a recognized prebiotic chemical activator and a precursor for several compound classes. 28466946 6 83 theme dry 1207:1209 arg1 material 1211:1218 Crude dry material 1201:1218 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures 1201:1258 Crude dry material of the thus obtained prebiotic mixtures formed multilamellar giant vesicles once rehydrated at the appropriate pH and in the presence of plausibly prebiotic co-surfactants, as observed by optical microscopy. 28466946 7 84 theme prebiotic 1611:1619 arg1 conditions 1621:1630 similar chemical prebiotic conditions 1594:1630 similar chemical prebiotic conditions 1594:1630 The size and the shape of lipid aggregates tentatively suggest that prebiotic lipid assemblies could encapsulate peptides or nucleic acids that could be formed under similar chemical prebiotic conditions. 28466946 3 85 dep get 684:686 arg1 stay 709:712 stay 709:712 stay away from chemical equilibrium 709:743 Such compartments should be dynamic in their membrane composition (evolvable), and sufficiently stable to harbor macromolecules (leak-free), yet semi-permeable for reactive small molecules to get across the membrane (stay away from chemical equilibrium). 26876996 6 0 dep times 812:816 arg1 compared 819:826 compared 819:826 compared to the control 819:841 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 7 1 theme reduced 1004:1010 arg1 stability 1020:1028 reduced thermal stability 1004:1028 reduced thermal stability 1004:1028 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 3 2 theme cross-linking 401:413 arg1 AcA 381:383 AcA 381:383 AcA 381:383 It was shown that AcA acted as both a cross-linking agent and also a strong plasticising agent. 26876996 3 2 theme cross-linking 401:413 arg1 agent 415:419 a cross-linking agent 399:419 a cross-linking agent 399:419 It was shown that AcA acted as both a cross-linking agent and also a strong plasticising agent. 26876996 7 3 theme increased 1035:1043 arg1 AcA 1056:1058 AcA 1056:1058 AcA 1056:1058 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 7 3 theme increased 1035:1043 arg1 amounts 1045:1051 increased amounts 1035:1051 increased amounts of AcA 1035:1058 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 7 4 theme tensile 959:965 arg1 strength 967:974 a reduced tensile strength 949:974 a reduced tensile strength 949:974 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 7 5 theme thermal 1012:1018 arg1 stability 1020:1028 reduced thermal stability 1004:1028 reduced thermal stability 1004:1028 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 1 6 theme project 54:60 arg1 aim 42:44 The aim 38:44 The aim of this project 38:60 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 6 7 theme % 869:869 arg1 AcA 871:873 15wt% AcA 865:873 15wt% AcA 865:873 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 1 8 theme tricarboxylic 126:138 arg1 acid 140:143 a tricarboxylic acid 124:143 a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films 124:240 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 8 theme tricarboxylic 126:138 arg1 acid 112:115 aconitic acid 103:115 aconitic acid (AcA) 103:121 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 5 9 theme control 682:688 arg1 film 690:693 the control film 678:693 the control film submerged in water (23°C) 678:719 %) by approximately 3 times and 2.4 times respectively compared to the control film submerged in water (23°C). 26876996 4 10 theme swelling 583:590 arg1 coefficient 592:602 decreased swelling coefficient 573:602 decreased swelling coefficient (35vol 573:609 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 7 11 theme reduced 951:957 arg1 strength 967:974 a reduced tensile strength 949:974 a reduced tensile strength 949:974 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 2 12 theme cast 259:262 arg1 films 264:268 Starch/glycerol cast films 243:268 Starch/glycerol cast films 243:268 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 2 13 theme % 325:325 arg1 basis 327:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 2 13 theme % 325:325 arg1 AcA 311:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA 289:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) 289:332 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 4 14 theme decreased 573:581 arg1 coefficient 592:602 decreased swelling coefficient 573:602 decreased swelling coefficient (35vol 573:609 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 2 15 theme Starch/glycerol 243:257 arg1 films 264:268 Starch/glycerol cast films 243:268 Starch/glycerol cast films 243:268 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 2 16 theme starch 316:321 arg1 basis 327:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 2 16 theme starch 316:321 arg1 AcA 311:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA 289:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) 289:332 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 3 17 theme strong 432:437 arg1 AcA 381:383 AcA 381:383 AcA 381:383 It was shown that AcA acted as both a cross-linking agent and also a strong plasticising agent. 26876996 3 17 theme strong 432:437 arg1 agent 452:456 also a strong plasticising agent 425:456 also a strong plasticising agent 425:456 It was shown that AcA acted as both a cross-linking agent and also a strong plasticising agent. 26876996 1 18 theme starch-based 223:234 arg1 films 236:240 starch-based films 223:240 starch-based films 223:240 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 4 19 link derived 472:478 arg1 films 487:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 4 20 theme starch 480:485 arg1 films 487:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 1 21 theme films 236:240 arg1 properties 209:218 the properties 205:218 the properties of starch-based films 205:240 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 6 22 from break 786:790 arg1 elongation 772:781 the film elongation 763:781 the film elongation at break 763:790 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 6 22 from break 786:790 arg1 increase 751:758 a significant increase 737:758 a significant increase in the film elongation at break 737:790 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 7 23 theme AcA 1056:1058 arg1 AcA 1056:1058 AcA 1056:1058 AcA 1056:1058 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 7 23 theme AcA 1056:1058 arg1 amounts 1045:1051 increased amounts 1035:1051 increased amounts of AcA 1035:1058 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 6 24 theme film 767:770 arg1 elongation 772:781 the film elongation 763:781 the film elongation at break 763:790 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 1 25 theme carbon/carbon 162:174 arg1 CC 189:190 CC 189:190 CC 189:190 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 25 theme carbon/carbon 162:174 arg1 bond 183:186 a carbon/carbon double bond 160:186 a carbon/carbon double bond (CC) 160:191 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 0 26 theme aconitic 23:30 arg1 acid 32:35 aconitic acid 23:35 aconitic acid 23:35 Starch composites with aconitic acid. 26876996 2 27 theme % 309:309 arg1 basis 327:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 2 27 theme % 309:309 arg1 AcA 311:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA 289:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) 289:332 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 1 28 theme double 176:181 arg1 CC 189:190 CC 189:190 CC 189:190 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 28 theme double 176:181 arg1 bond 183:186 a carbon/carbon double bond 160:186 a carbon/carbon double bond (CC) 160:191 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 6 29 from increase 751:758 arg1 elongation 772:781 the film elongation 763:781 the film elongation at break 763:790 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 6 29 from increase 751:758 arg1 break 786:790 break 786:790 break 786:790 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 3 30 theme plasticising 439:450 arg1 AcA 381:383 AcA 381:383 AcA 381:383 It was shown that AcA acted as both a cross-linking agent and also a strong plasticising agent. 26876996 3 30 theme plasticising 439:450 arg1 agent 452:456 also a strong plasticising agent 425:456 also a strong plasticising agent 425:456 It was shown that AcA acted as both a cross-linking agent and also a strong plasticising agent. 26876996 6 31 theme AcA 915:917 arg1 effect 905:910 the plasticising effect 888:910 the plasticising effect of AcA 888:917 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 0 32 with composites 7:16 arg1 acid 32:35 aconitic acid 23:35 aconitic acid 23:35 Starch composites with aconitic acid. 26876996 4 33 dep coefficient 592:602 arg1 35vol 605:609 35vol 605:609 35vol 605:609 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 6 34 theme significant 739:749 arg1 increase 751:758 a significant increase 737:758 a significant increase in the film elongation at break 737:790 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 6 35 dep AcA 871:873 arg1 the 849:851 the 849:851 the 849:851 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 6 35 dep AcA 871:873 arg1 addition 853:860 addition 853:860 addition 853:860 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 1 36 theme aconitic 103:110 arg1 acid 140:143 a tricarboxylic acid 124:143 a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films 124:240 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 36 theme aconitic 103:110 arg1 AcA 118:120 AcA 118:120 AcA 118:120 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 36 theme aconitic 103:110 arg1 acid 112:115 aconitic acid 103:115 aconitic acid (AcA) 103:121 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 4 37 theme % 466:466 arg1 AcA 468:470 The 5wt% AcA 459:470 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 6 38 theme plasticising 892:903 arg1 effect 905:910 the plasticising effect 888:910 the plasticising effect of AcA 888:917 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 4 39 theme 5wt 463:465 arg1 AcA 468:470 The 5wt% AcA 459:470 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 7 40 theme film 994:997 arg1 softening 977:985 softening 977:985 softening of the film 977:997 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 7 40 theme film 994:997 arg1 stability 1020:1028 reduced thermal stability 1004:1028 reduced thermal stability 1004:1028 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 7 40 theme film 994:997 arg1 strength 967:974 a reduced tensile strength 949:974 a reduced tensile strength 949:974 However, generally there was a reduced tensile strength, softening of the film, and reduced thermal stability with increased amounts of AcA. 26876996 1 41 contain contains 151:158 arg1 acid 140:143 a tricarboxylic acid 124:143 a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films 124:240 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 41 contain contains 151:158 arg2 bond 183:186 a carbon/carbon double bond 160:186 a carbon/carbon double bond (CC) 160:191 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 41 contain contains 151:158 arg1 acid 112:115 aconitic acid 103:115 aconitic acid (AcA) 103:121 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 1 41 contain contains 151:158 arg2 CC 189:190 CC 189:190 CC 189:190 The aim of this project is to examine the effectiveness of using aconitic acid (AcA), a tricarboxylic acid which contains a carbon/carbon double bond (CC), to enhance the properties of starch-based films. 26876996 4 42 theme lowest 543:548 arg1 solubility 550:559 the lowest solubility 539:559 the lowest solubility (28wt%) 539:567 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 4 42 theme lowest 543:548 arg1 % 566:566 28wt% 562:566 28wt% 562:566 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 6 43 theme 15wt 865:868 arg1 AcA 871:873 15wt% AcA 865:873 15wt% AcA 865:873 There was also a significant increase in the film elongation at break by approximately 35 times (compared to the control) with the addition of 15wt% AcA, emphasising the plasticising effect of AcA. 26876996 4 44 theme derived 472:478 arg1 films 487:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 26876996 2 45 theme wt 323:324 arg1 basis 327:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 starch wt% basis 316:331 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 2 45 theme wt 323:324 arg1 AcA 311:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA 289:313 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) 289:332 Starch/glycerol cast films were prepared with 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% AcA (starch wt% basis) and the properties analysed. 26876996 4 46 theme AcA 468:470 arg1 films 487:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films 459:491 The 5wt% AcA derived starch films were the most effectively cross-linked having the lowest solubility (28wt%) and decreased swelling coefficient (35vol. 24385092 2 0 theme fructan 607:613 arg1 6-fructosyltransferases 615:637 fructan 6-fructosyltransferases 607:637 cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) 589:646 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 0 theme fructan 607:613 arg1 6-SFTs 640:645 6-SFTs 640:645 6-SFTs 640:645 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 5 1 dep DPs 1274:1276 arg1 20 1279:1280 20 1279:1280 20 1279:1280 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 8 2 theme type 1835:1838 arg1 plants 1840:1845 wild type plants 1830:1845 wild type plants 1830:1845 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 8 3 theme PpFT1 1687:1691 arg1 overexpression 1693:1706 PpFT1 overexpression 1687:1706 PpFT1 overexpression 1687:1706 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 2 4 theme different 653:661 arg1 properties 673:682 different enzymatic properties 653:682 different enzymatic properties 653:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 5 dep Triticum 825:832 arg1 aestivum 834:841 Triticum aestivum 825:841 Triticum aestivum 825:841 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 6 from grass 721:725 arg1 PpFT1 702:706 PpFT1 702:706 PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans 702:783 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 6 from grass 721:725 arg1 cDNA 689:692 one cDNA 685:692 one cDNA 685:692 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 4 7 theme fructans 1106:1113 arg1 accumulation 1090:1101 accumulation 1090:1101 accumulation of fructans 1090:1113 When grown at 22 °C, both types of transgenic line showed little or no accumulation of fructans. 24385092 1 8 dep members 275:281 arg1 Pooideae 306:313 Pooideae 306:313 Pooideae 306:313 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 6 9 theme overexpressed 1471:1483 arg1 6-SFTs 1485:1490 the overexpressed 6-SFTs 1467:1490 the overexpressed 6-SFTs 1467:1490 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 1 10 theme freezing 227:234 arg1 tolerance 236:244 freezing tolerance 227:244 freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses 227:364 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 2 11 theme Brachypodium 550:561 arg1 distachyon 563:572 Brachypodium distachyon 550:572 the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties 526:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 9 12 theme composition 1912:1922 arg1 DP 1963:1964 the DP 1959:1964 the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants 1959:2008 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 9 12 theme composition 1912:1922 arg1 relationship 1892:1903 the relationship 1888:1903 the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates 1888:1953 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 0 13 theme enzymatic 151:159 arg1 properties 161:170 different enzymatic properties 141:170 different enzymatic properties 141:170 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 6 14 theme line 1394:1397 arg1 types 1374:1378 the two types 1366:1378 the two types of transgenic line 1366:1397 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 1 15 from tolerance 236:244 arg1 grasses 358:364 forage grasses 351:364 forage grasses 351:364 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 1 15 from tolerance 236:244 arg1 members 275:281 members 275:281 members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species 275:345 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 1 15 from tolerance 236:244 arg1 species 255:261 plant species 249:261 plant species 249:261 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 7 16 theme wft1 1601:1604 arg1 lines 1617:1621 wft1 expressing lines 1601:1621 wft1 expressing lines 1601:1621 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 9 17 theme water-soluble 1927:1939 arg1 carbohydrates 1941:1953 water-soluble carbohydrates 1927:1953 water-soluble carbohydrates 1927:1953 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 4 18 dep little 1077:1082 arg1 accumulation 1090:1101 accumulation 1090:1101 accumulation of fructans 1090:1113 When grown at 22 °C, both types of transgenic line showed little or no accumulation of fructans. 24385092 2 19 theme timothy 713:719 arg1 enzyme 749:754 an enzyme 746:754 an enzyme that produces high-DP levans 746:783 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 19 theme timothy 713:719 arg1 grass 721:725 timothy grass 713:725 timothy grass (Phleum pratense) 713:743 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 19 theme timothy 713:719 arg1 pratense 735:742 Phleum pratense 728:742 Phleum pratense 728:742 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 3 20 theme transgenic 1001:1010 arg1 lines 1012:1016 the PpFT1 transgenic lines 991:1016 the PpFT1 transgenic lines 991:1016 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 showed retarded growth; this effect was particularly notable in the PpFT1 transgenic lines. 24385092 6 21 theme fructans 1354:1361 arg1 compositions 1322:1333 The different compositions 1308:1333 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line 1308:1397 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 9 22 theme fructans 1969:1976 arg1 DP 1963:1964 the DP 1959:1964 the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants 1959:2008 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 9 22 theme fructans 1969:1976 arg1 relationship 1892:1903 the relationship 1888:1903 the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates 1888:1953 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 5 23 theme transgenic 1223:1232 arg1 plants 1234:1239 PpFT1 transgenic plants 1217:1239 PpFT1 transgenic plants 1217:1239 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 8 24 theme expressing 1789:1798 arg1 lines 1800:1804 the wft1 expressing lines 1780:1804 the wft1 expressing lines 1780:1804 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 2 25 theme grass 536:540 arg1 species 542:548 the model grass species 526:548 the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties 526:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 9 26 theme freezing 1981:1988 arg1 tolerance 1990:1998 freezing tolerance 1981:1998 freezing tolerance in plants 1981:2008 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 2 27 dep elucidate 370:378 arg1 generated 495:503 generated 495:503 generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties 495:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 28 theme wheat 112:116 arg1 grass 130:134 wheat and timothy grass 112:134 grass 130:134 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 7 29 theme greater 1539:1545 arg1 amounts 1547:1553 greater amounts 1539:1553 greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides 1539:1580 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 7 29 theme greater 1539:1545 arg1 disaccharides 1568:1580 disaccharides 1568:1580 disaccharides 1568:1580 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 7 29 theme greater 1539:1545 arg1 mono- 1558:1562 mono- 1558:1562 mono- 1558:1562 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 9 30 theme new 1870:1872 arg1 insights 1874:1881 new insights 1870:1881 new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants 1870:2008 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 2 31 theme enzymatic 663:671 arg1 properties 673:682 different enzymatic properties 653:682 different enzymatic properties 653:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 32 theme timothy 122:128 arg1 grass 130:134 wheat and timothy grass 112:134 grass 130:134 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 5 33 with fructans 1253:1260 arg1 DPs 1274:1276 higher DPs 1267:1276 higher DPs (20 to the separation limit) 1267:1305 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 2 34 theme freezing 400:407 arg1 tolerance 409:417 freezing tolerance 400:417 freezing tolerance 400:417 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 35 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose 0:73 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 5 36 theme cold 1133:1136 arg1 treatment 1138:1146 a cold treatment 1131:1146 a cold treatment 1131:1146 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 0 37 dep 6-fructosyltransferases 83:105 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose 0:73 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 3 38 from notable 980:986 arg1 lines 1012:1016 the PpFT1 transgenic lines 991:1016 the PpFT1 transgenic lines 991:1016 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 showed retarded growth; this effect was particularly notable in the PpFT1 transgenic lines. 24385092 2 39 theme polymerization 459:472 arg1 tolerance 409:417 freezing tolerance 400:417 freezing tolerance 400:417 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 39 theme polymerization 459:472 arg1 composition 433:443 carbohydrate composition 420:443 carbohydrate composition 420:443 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 39 theme polymerization 459:472 arg1 degree 449:454 degree 449:454 degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans 449:489 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 40 theme degree 449:454 arg1 relationship 384:395 the relationship 380:395 the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans 380:489 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 6 41 theme transgenic 1383:1392 arg1 line 1394:1397 transgenic line 1383:1397 transgenic line 1383:1397 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 1 42 theme subfamily 296:304 arg1 grasses 358:364 forage grasses 351:364 forage grasses 351:364 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 1 42 theme subfamily 296:304 arg1 members 275:281 members 275:281 members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species 275:345 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 2 43 theme composition 433:443 arg1 relationship 384:395 the relationship 380:395 the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans 380:489 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 44 theme Brachypodium 32:43 arg1 distachyon 45:54 transgenic Brachypodium distachyon 21:54 transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose 21:73 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 7 45 theme Transgenic 1493:1502 arg1 lines 1504:1508 Transgenic lines 1493:1508 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 1493:1525 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 5 46 with fructans 1184:1191 arg1 DP = 3-40 1198:1206 DP = 3-40 1198:1206 DP = 3-40 1198:1206 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 1 47 theme Triticeae 329:337 arg1 species 339:345 Triticeae species 329:345 Triticeae species 329:345 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 3 48 theme retarded 934:941 arg1 growth 943:948 retarded growth 934:948 retarded growth 934:948 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 showed retarded growth; this effect was particularly notable in the PpFT1 transgenic lines. 24385092 1 49 theme plant 249:253 arg1 grasses 358:364 forage grasses 351:364 forage grasses 351:364 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 1 49 theme plant 249:253 arg1 members 275:281 members 275:281 members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species 275:345 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 1 49 theme plant 249:253 arg1 species 255:261 plant species 249:261 plant species 249:261 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 4 50 theme line 1065:1068 arg1 types 1045:1049 both types 1040:1049 both types of transgenic line 1040:1068 When grown at 22 °C, both types of transgenic line showed little or no accumulation of fructans. 24385092 8 51 theme blades 1644:1649 arg1 Examination 1624:1634 Examination 1624:1634 Examination of leaf blades 1624:1649 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 6 52 from differences 1424:1434 arg1 properties 1453:1462 the enzymatic properties 1439:1462 the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs 1439:1490 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 8 53 theme wild 1830:1833 arg1 plants 1840:1845 wild type plants 1830:1845 wild type plants 1830:1845 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 5 54 theme transgenic 1154:1163 arg1 plants 1165:1170 wft1 transgenic plants 1149:1170 wft1 transgenic plants 1149:1170 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 3 55 theme PpFT1 995:999 arg1 lines 1012:1016 the PpFT1 transgenic lines 991:1016 the PpFT1 transgenic lines 991:1016 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 showed retarded growth; this effect was particularly notable in the PpFT1 transgenic lines. 24385092 2 56 theme low-DP 869:874 arg1 levans 876:881 low-DP levans 869:881 low-DP levans 869:881 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 57 with 6-fructosyltransferases 83:105 arg1 properties 161:170 different enzymatic properties 141:170 different enzymatic properties 141:170 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 8 58 theme cold 1669:1672 arg1 acclimation 1674:1684 cold acclimation 1669:1684 cold acclimation 1669:1684 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 2 59 dep species 542:548 arg1 distachyon 563:572 Brachypodium distachyon 550:572 the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties 526:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 60 theme high-DP 770:776 arg1 levans 778:783 high-DP levans 770:783 high-DP levans 770:783 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 61 theme second 788:793 arg1 wft1 808:811 wft1 808:811 wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans 808:881 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 61 theme second 788:793 arg1 cDNA 795:798 a second cDNA 786:798 a second cDNA 786:798 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 62 theme different 141:149 arg1 properties 161:170 different enzymatic properties 141:170 different enzymatic properties 141:170 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 6 63 theme 6-SFTs 1485:1490 arg1 properties 1453:1462 the enzymatic properties 1439:1462 the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs 1439:1490 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 7 64 theme expressing 1606:1615 arg1 lines 1617:1621 wft1 expressing lines 1601:1621 wft1 expressing lines 1601:1621 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 2 65 theme Phleum 728:733 arg1 grass 721:725 timothy grass 713:725 timothy grass (Phleum pratense) 713:743 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 65 theme Phleum 728:733 arg1 pratense 735:742 Phleum pratense 728:742 Phleum pratense 728:742 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 7 66 theme wild 1587:1590 arg1 type 1592:1595 wild type 1587:1595 wild type 1587:1595 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 0 67 from grass 130:134 arg1 6-fructosyltransferases 83:105 fructan 6-fructosyltransferases 75:105 fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties 75:170 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 9 68 theme carbohydrates 1941:1953 arg1 composition 1912:1922 the composition 1908:1922 the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates 1908:1953 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 7 69 theme disaccharides 1568:1580 arg1 amounts 1547:1553 greater amounts 1539:1553 greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides 1539:1580 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 7 69 theme disaccharides 1568:1580 arg1 disaccharides 1568:1580 disaccharides 1568:1580 disaccharides 1568:1580 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 7 69 theme disaccharides 1568:1580 arg1 mono- 1558:1562 mono- 1558:1562 mono- 1558:1562 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 5 70 theme higher 1267:1272 arg1 DPs 1274:1276 higher DPs 1267:1276 higher DPs (20 to the separation limit) 1267:1305 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 0 71 theme fructan 75:81 arg1 6-fructosyltransferases 83:105 fructan 6-fructosyltransferases 75:105 fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties 75:170 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 8 72 theme freezing 1758:1765 arg1 tolerance 1767:1775 the freezing tolerance 1754:1775 the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines 1754:1804 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 8 72 theme freezing 1758:1765 arg1 same 1814:1817 same 1814:1817 same 1814:1817 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 7 73 theme mono- 1558:1562 arg1 amounts 1547:1553 greater amounts 1539:1553 greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides 1539:1580 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 7 73 theme mono- 1558:1562 arg1 disaccharides 1568:1580 disaccharides 1568:1580 disaccharides 1568:1580 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 7 73 theme mono- 1558:1562 arg1 mono- 1558:1562 mono- 1558:1562 mono- 1558:1562 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 accumulated greater amounts of mono- and disaccharides than wild type and wft1 expressing lines. 24385092 2 74 theme transgenic 505:514 arg1 plants 516:521 transgenic plants 505:521 transgenic plants 505:521 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 5 75 theme PpFT1 1217:1221 arg1 plants 1234:1239 PpFT1 transgenic plants 1217:1239 PpFT1 transgenic plants 1217:1239 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 6 76 theme accumulated 1342:1352 arg1 fructans 1354:1361 the accumulated fructans 1338:1361 the accumulated fructans 1338:1361 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 8 77 theme wft1 1784:1787 arg1 lines 1800:1804 the wft1 expressing lines 1780:1804 the wft1 expressing lines 1780:1804 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 2 78 theme model 530:534 arg1 species 542:548 the model grass species 526:548 the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties 526:682 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 5 79 theme separation 1289:1298 arg1 limit 1300:1304 the separation limit 1285:1304 the separation limit 1285:1304 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 6 80 theme different 1312:1320 arg1 compositions 1322:1333 The different compositions 1308:1333 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line 1308:1397 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 8 81 theme lines 1800:1804 arg1 tolerance 1767:1775 the freezing tolerance 1754:1775 the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines 1754:1804 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 8 81 theme lines 1800:1804 arg1 same 1814:1817 same 1814:1817 same 1814:1817 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 2 82 theme tolerance 409:417 arg1 relationship 384:395 the relationship 380:395 the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans 380:489 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 6 83 from compositions 1322:1333 arg1 types 1374:1378 the two types 1366:1378 the two types of transgenic line 1366:1397 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 3 84 theme Transgenic 884:893 arg1 lines 895:899 Transgenic lines 884:899 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 884:925 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 showed retarded growth; this effect was particularly notable in the PpFT1 transgenic lines. 24385092 1 85 dep grasses 358:364 arg1 forage 351:356 forage 351:356 forage 351:356 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 2 86 from wheat 818:822 arg1 wft1 808:811 wft1 808:811 wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans 808:881 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 86 from wheat 818:822 arg1 cDNA 795:798 a second cDNA 786:798 a second cDNA 786:798 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 0 87 theme transgenic 21:30 arg1 distachyon 45:54 transgenic Brachypodium distachyon 21:54 transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose 21:73 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 1 88 theme grass 290:294 arg1 subfamily 296:304 the grass subfamily 286:304 the grass subfamily 286:304 Fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily Pooideae that includes Triticeae species and forage grasses. 24385092 0 89 theme distachyon 45:54 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose 0:73 Comparative study of transgenic Brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties. 24385092 5 90 theme wft1 1149:1152 arg1 plants 1165:1170 wft1 transgenic plants 1149:1170 wft1 transgenic plants 1149:1170 However, after a cold treatment, wft1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with DP = 3-40, whereas PpFT1 transgenic plants accumulated fructans with higher DPs (20 to the separation limit). 24385092 2 91 theme fructans 482:489 arg1 DP 475:476 DP 475:476 DP 475:476 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 91 theme fructans 482:489 arg1 polymerization 459:472 polymerization 459:472 polymerization (DP) of fructans 459:489 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 92 theme carbohydrate 420:431 arg1 composition 433:443 carbohydrate composition 420:443 carbohydrate composition 420:443 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 3 93 from lines 1012:1016 arg1 notable 980:986 notable 980:986 notable 980:986 Transgenic lines expressing PpFT1 and wft1 showed retarded growth; this effect was particularly notable in the PpFT1 transgenic lines. 24385092 8 94 theme leaf 1639:1642 arg1 blades 1644:1649 leaf blades 1639:1649 leaf blades 1639:1649 Examination of leaf blades showed that after cold acclimation, PpFT1 overexpression increased tolerance to freezing; by contrast, the freezing tolerance of the wft1 expressing lines was the same as that of wild type plants. 24385092 6 95 theme enzymatic 1443:1451 arg1 properties 1453:1462 the enzymatic properties 1439:1462 the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs 1439:1490 The different compositions of the accumulated fructans in the two types of transgenic line were correlated with the differences in the enzymatic properties of the overexpressed 6-SFTs. 24385092 2 96 dep cDNAs 589:593 arg1 6-fructosyltransferases 615:637 fructan 6-fructosyltransferases 607:637 cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) 589:646 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 2 96 dep cDNAs 589:593 arg1 6-SFTs 640:645 6-SFTs 640:645 6-SFTs 640:645 To elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon that expressed cDNAs for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-SFTs) with different enzymatic properties: one cDNA encoded PpFT1 from timothy grass (Phleum pratense), an enzyme that produces high-DP levans; a second cDNA encoded wft1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum), an enzyme that produces low-DP levans. 24385092 9 97 from tolerance 1990:1998 arg1 plants 2003:2008 plants 2003:2008 plants 2003:2008 These results provide new insights into the relationship of the composition of water-soluble carbohydrates and the DP of fructans to freezing tolerance in plants. 24385092 4 98 theme transgenic 1054:1063 arg1 line 1065:1068 transgenic line 1054:1068 transgenic line 1054:1068 When grown at 22 °C, both types of transgenic line showed little or no accumulation of fructans. 27717459 3 0 theme pleiotropic 454:464 arg1 effect 466:471 a pleiotropic effect 452:471 a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase 452:571 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 1 1 theme endosperm 210:218 arg1 starch 220:225 endosperm starch 210:225 endosperm starch 210:225 In rice, maize and barley, the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch. 27717459 0 2 theme starch 66:71 arg1 composition 73:83 the starch composition 62:83 the starch composition of the durum wheat grain 62:108 The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. 27717459 6 3 from endosperms 959:968 arg1 present 933:939 present 933:939 present 933:939 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 1 4 theme starch 220:225 arg1 composition 195:205 the composition 191:205 the composition of endosperm starch 191:225 In rice, maize and barley, the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch. 27717459 3 5 from effect 466:471 arg1 level 480:484 the level 476:484 the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase 476:571 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 3 6 theme transcription 489:501 arg1 level 480:484 the level 476:484 the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase 476:571 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 4 7 from that 649:652 arg1 content 593:599 The polysaccharide content 574:599 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms 574:628 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 7 from that 649:652 arg1 different 634:642 different 634:642 different 634:642 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 3 8 theme other 521:525 arg1 pullulanase 540:550 pullulanase 540:550 pullulanase 540:550 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 3 8 theme other 521:525 arg1 synthase 564:571 sucrose synthase 556:571 sucrose synthase 556:571 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 3 8 theme other 521:525 arg1 isoamylases 527:537 other isoamylases 521:537 other isoamylases 521:537 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 7 9 from wheat 1123:1127 arg1 important 1146:1154 important 1146:1154 important 1146:1154 The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure. 27717459 4 10 from reduction 704:712 arg1 content 721:727 the content 717:727 the content of starch 717:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 11 theme wild 661:664 arg1 type 666:669 the wild type 657:669 the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 657:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 6 12 theme present 933:939 arg1 hydrolyzable 987:998 hydrolyzable 987:998 hydrolyzable 987:998 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 6 12 theme present 933:939 arg1 amylopectin 921:931 The amylopectin 917:931 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms 917:968 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 0 13 theme wheat 98:102 arg1 grain 104:108 the durum wheat grain 88:108 the durum wheat grain 88:108 The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. 27717459 4 14 theme phytoglycogen 774:786 arg1 reduction 704:712 a reduction 702:712 a reduction in the content of starch 702:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 14 theme phytoglycogen 774:786 arg1 enhancement 754:764 a moderate enhancement 743:764 a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 743:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 15 theme ways 686:689 arg1 reduction 704:712 a reduction 702:712 a reduction in the content of starch 702:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 15 theme ways 686:689 arg1 enhancement 754:764 a moderate enhancement 743:764 a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 743:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 15 theme ways 686:689 arg1 number 676:681 a number 674:681 a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 674:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 6 16 attach present 933:939 arg2 amylopectin 921:931 The amylopectin 917:931 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms 917:968 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 6 16 attach present 933:939 arg2 hydrolyzable 987:998 hydrolyzable 987:998 hydrolyzable 987:998 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 6 16 attach present 933:939 arg1 endosperms 959:968 the transgenic endosperms 944:968 the transgenic endosperms 944:968 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 0 17 theme durum 92:96 arg1 grain 104:108 the durum wheat grain 88:108 the durum wheat grain 88:108 The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. 27717459 6 18 theme transgenic 948:957 arg1 endosperms 959:968 the transgenic endosperms 944:968 the transgenic endosperms 944:968 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 5 19 theme length 878:883 arg1 distribution 844:855 the distribution 840:855 the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure 840:914 Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. 27717459 4 20 theme endosperms 619:628 arg1 content 593:599 The polysaccharide content 574:599 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms 574:628 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 20 theme endosperms 619:628 arg1 different 634:642 different 634:642 different 634:642 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 21 theme β-glucan 792:799 arg1 reduction 704:712 a reduction 702:712 a reduction in the content of starch 702:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 21 theme β-glucan 792:799 arg1 enhancement 754:764 a moderate enhancement 743:764 a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 743:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 2 22 theme durum 267:271 arg1 wheat 273:277 durum wheat 267:277 durum wheat 267:277 Here, the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat has been characterized, using transgenic lines in which Isa1 was knocked down via RNAi. 27717459 6 23 theme hydrochloric 1023:1034 arg1 acid 1036:1039 hydrochloric acid 1023:1039 hydrochloric acid 1023:1039 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 3 24 theme Transcriptional 367:381 arg1 profiling 383:391 Transcriptional profiling 367:391 Transcriptional profiling 367:391 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 3 25 theme genes 506:510 arg1 transcription 489:501 transcription 489:501 transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase 489:571 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 1 26 theme Isoamylase 150:159 arg1 activity 163:170 Isoamylase 1 activity 150:170 Isoamylase 1 activity 150:170 In rice, maize and barley, the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch. 27717459 0 27 theme grain 104:108 arg1 composition 73:83 the starch composition 62:83 the starch composition of the durum wheat grain 62:108 The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. 27717459 5 28 theme fine 901:904 arg1 structure 906:914 amylopectin fine structure 889:914 amylopectin fine structure 889:914 Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. 27717459 4 29 theme transgenic 608:617 arg1 endosperms 619:628 the transgenic endosperms 604:628 the transgenic endosperms 604:628 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 30 theme moderate 745:752 arg1 enhancement 754:764 a moderate enhancement 743:764 a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 743:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 31 from type 666:669 arg1 reduction 704:712 a reduction 702:712 a reduction in the content of starch 702:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 31 from type 666:669 arg1 enhancement 754:764 a moderate enhancement 743:764 a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 743:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 31 from type 666:669 arg1 number 676:681 a number 674:681 a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan 674:799 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 1 32 theme activity 163:170 arg1 lack 142:145 the lack 138:145 the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity 138:170 In rice, maize and barley, the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch. 27717459 0 33 theme genes 27:31 arg1 down-regulation 4:18 The down-regulation 0:18 The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 0:53 The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. 27717459 7 34 theme durum 1117:1121 arg1 wheat 1123:1127 durum wheat 1117:1127 durum wheat 1117:1127 The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure. 27717459 3 35 theme sucrose 556:562 arg1 synthase 564:571 sucrose synthase 556:571 sucrose synthase 556:571 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 3 35 theme sucrose 556:562 arg1 isoamylases 527:537 other isoamylases 521:537 other isoamylases 521:537 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 3 36 theme partial 407:413 arg1 down-regulation 415:429 the partial down-regulation 403:429 the partial down-regulation of Isa1 403:437 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 4 37 from enhancement 754:764 arg1 content 721:727 the content 717:727 the content of starch 717:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 5 38 theme amylopectin 889:899 arg1 structure 906:914 amylopectin fine structure 889:914 amylopectin fine structure 889:914 Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. 27717459 6 39 from present 933:939 arg1 endosperms 959:968 the transgenic endosperms 944:968 the transgenic endosperms 944:968 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 7 40 dep for 1156:1158 arg1 both 1160:1163 both 1160:1163 both 1160:1163 The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure. 27717459 7 41 from important 1146:1154 arg1 wheat 1123:1127 durum wheat 1117:1127 durum wheat 1117:1127 The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure. 27717459 3 42 theme Isa1 434:437 arg1 down-regulation 415:429 the partial down-regulation 403:429 the partial down-regulation of Isa1 403:437 Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. 27717459 2 43 theme deficiency 253:262 arg1 effect 238:243 the effect 234:243 the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat 234:277 Here, the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat has been characterized, using transgenic lines in which Isa1 was knocked down via RNAi. 27717459 6 44 with treatment 1008:1016 arg1 acid 1036:1039 hydrochloric acid 1023:1039 hydrochloric acid 1023:1039 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 5 45 theme structure 906:914 arg1 distribution 844:855 the distribution 840:855 the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure 840:914 Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. 27717459 5 46 theme chain 872:876 arg1 length 878:883 amylopectin chain length 860:883 amylopectin chain length 860:883 Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. 27717459 5 47 theme amylopectin 860:870 arg1 length 878:883 amylopectin chain length 860:883 amylopectin chain length 860:883 Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. 27717459 6 48 theme semi-crystalline 1062:1077 arg1 structure 1079:1087 its semi-crystalline structure 1058:1087 its semi-crystalline structure 1058:1087 The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. 27717459 2 49 from effect 238:243 arg1 wheat 273:277 durum wheat 267:277 durum wheat 267:277 Here, the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat has been characterized, using transgenic lines in which Isa1 was knocked down via RNAi. 27717459 4 50 theme polysaccharide 578:591 arg1 content 593:599 The polysaccharide content 574:599 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms 574:628 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 4 50 theme polysaccharide 578:591 arg1 different 634:642 different 634:642 different 634:642 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 7 51 theme amylopectin 1182:1192 arg1 synthesis 1169:1177 the synthesis 1165:1177 the synthesis of amylopectin 1165:1192 The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure. 27717459 4 52 theme starch 732:737 arg1 content 721:727 the content 717:727 the content of starch 717:737 The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. 27717459 7 53 theme internal 1218:1225 arg1 structure 1227:1235 its internal structure 1214:1235 its internal structure 1214:1235 The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure. 27717459 2 54 theme transgenic 309:318 arg1 lines 320:324 transgenic lines 309:324 transgenic lines in which Isa1 was knocked down via RNAi 309:364 Here, the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat has been characterized, using transgenic lines in which Isa1 was knocked down via RNAi. 28398614 5 0 theme type 859:862 arg1 °C 821:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 0 theme type 859:862 arg1 retrogradation 792:805 amylopectin retrogradation 780:805 amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C) 780:823 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 0 theme type 859:862 arg1 melting 887:893 melting 887:893 melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 887:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 0 theme type 859:862 arg1 endotherms 768:777 3 endotherms 766:777 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 766:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 0 theme type 859:862 arg1 melting 826:832 melting 826:832 melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4) 826:880 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 4 1 theme soluble 551:557 arg1 content 587:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 0 2 theme Tamales 81:87 arg1 Formation 49:57 Resistant Starch Formation 32:57 Resistant Starch Formation 32:57 Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales. 28398614 0 2 theme Tamales 81:87 arg1 Index 72:76 Glycemic Index 63:76 Glycemic Index of Tamales 63:87 Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales. 28398614 4 3 theme classic 473:479 arg1 processes 512:520 classic and ecological nixtamalization processes 473:520 classic and ecological nixtamalization processes 473:520 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 1 4 theme glycemic 247:254 arg1 index 256:260 glycemic index 247:260 glycemic index 247:260 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 6 5 theme Raw 946:948 arg1 maize 950:954 Raw maize 946:954 Raw maize 946:954 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 1 6 dep processes 135:143 arg1 ecological 159:168 ecological 159:168 ecological 159:168 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 1 6 dep processes 135:143 arg1 classic 175:181 classic 175:181 classic 175:181 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 1 6 dep processes 135:143 arg1 traditional 146:156 traditional 146:156 traditional 146:156 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 4 7 theme insoluble 563:571 arg1 content 587:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 5 8 dep 105.4 875:879 arg1 to 872:873 to 872:873 to 872:873 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 9 theme amylose-lipid 898:910 arg1 129.7 938:942 129.7 938:942 129.7 938:942 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 9 theme amylose-lipid 898:910 arg1 type 920:923 amylose-lipid complex type II 898:926 amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 898:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 10 theme complex 851:857 arg1 type 859:862 amylose lipid complex type I 837:864 amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4) 837:880 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 10 theme complex 851:857 arg1 105.4 875:879 105.4 875:879 105.4 875:879 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 7 11 theme potential 1195:1203 arg1 benefits 1212:1219 potential health benefits 1195:1219 potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption 1195:1293 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 5 12 dep endotherms 768:777 arg1 °C 821:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 12 dep endotherms 768:777 arg1 melting 826:832 melting 826:832 melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4) 826:880 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 12 dep endotherms 768:777 arg1 melting 887:893 melting 887:893 melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 887:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 12 dep endotherms 768:777 arg1 endotherms 768:777 3 endotherms 766:777 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 766:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 12 dep endotherms 768:777 arg1 retrogradation 792:805 amylopectin retrogradation 780:805 amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C) 780:823 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 6 13 theme X-ray 966:970 arg1 pattern 984:990 X-ray diffraction pattern 966:990 X-ray diffraction pattern type A 966:997 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 5 14 theme complex 912:918 arg1 129.7 938:942 129.7 938:942 129.7 938:942 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 14 theme complex 912:918 arg1 type 920:923 amylose-lipid complex type II 898:926 amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 898:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 6 15 theme type 992:995 arg1 A 997:997 type A 992:997 X-ray diffraction pattern type A 966:997 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 7 16 theme glucose 1260:1266 arg1 response 1268:1275 blood glucose response 1254:1275 blood glucose response after consumption 1254:1293 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 2 17 theme Resistant 263:271 arg1 RS 281:282 RS 281:282 RS 281:282 Resistant starch (RS) in tamales increased 1.6 to 3.7 times compared to raw maize. 28398614 2 17 theme Resistant 263:271 arg1 starch 273:278 Resistant starch 263:278 Resistant starch (RS) in tamales 263:294 Resistant starch (RS) in tamales increased 1.6 to 3.7 times compared to raw maize. 28398614 6 18 dep pattern 984:990 arg1 A 997:997 type A 992:997 X-ray diffraction pattern type A 966:997 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 5 19 theme amylopectin 780:790 arg1 °C 821:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 19 theme amylopectin 780:790 arg1 retrogradation 792:805 amylopectin retrogradation 780:805 amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C) 780:823 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 19 theme amylopectin 780:790 arg1 endotherms 768:777 3 endotherms 766:777 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 766:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 20 theme tamales 751:757 arg1 properties 737:746 Thermal properties 729:746 Thermal properties of tamales 729:757 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 7 21 theme ecological 1142:1151 arg1 processes 1169:1177 ecological nixtamalization processes 1142:1177 ecological nixtamalization processes 1142:1177 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 7 22 theme health 1205:1210 arg1 benefits 1212:1219 potential health benefits 1195:1219 potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption 1195:1293 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 4 23 theme nixtamalization 704:718 arg1 process 720:726 traditional nixtamalization process 692:726 traditional nixtamalization process 692:726 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 4 24 from content 615:621 arg1 index 650:654 vivo glycemic index 636:654 vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process 636:726 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 5 25 dep 129.7 938:942 arg1 to 935:936 to 935:936 to 935:936 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 0 26 theme Nixtamalization 0:14 arg1 Process 16:22 Nixtamalization Process 0:22 Nixtamalization Process 0:22 Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales. 28398614 7 27 from processes 1169:1177 arg1 Tamales 1129:1135 Tamales 1129:1135 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes 1129:1177 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 4 28 theme traditional 692:702 arg1 process 720:726 traditional nixtamalization process 692:726 traditional nixtamalization process 692:726 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 5 29 theme amylose 837:843 arg1 type 859:862 amylose lipid complex type I 837:864 amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4) 837:880 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 29 theme amylose 837:843 arg1 105.4 875:879 105.4 875:879 105.4 875:879 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 0 30 theme Resistant 32:40 arg1 Starch 42:47 Resistant Starch 32:47 Resistant Starch Formation 32:57 Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales. 28398614 6 31 theme V-type 1059:1064 arg1 structure 1076:1084 V-type polymorph structure 1059:1084 V-type polymorph structure 1059:1084 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 6 32 theme diffraction 972:982 arg1 pattern 984:990 X-ray diffraction pattern 966:990 X-ray diffraction pattern type A 966:997 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 6 33 theme polymorph 1066:1074 arg1 structure 1076:1084 V-type polymorph structure 1059:1084 V-type polymorph structure 1059:1084 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 4 34 theme total 544:548 arg1 content 587:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 2 35 dep 3.7 313:315 arg1 to 310:311 to 310:311 to 310:311 Resistant starch (RS) in tamales increased 1.6 to 3.7 times compared to raw maize. 28398614 5 36 theme lipid 845:849 arg1 type 859:862 amylose lipid complex type I 837:864 amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4) 837:880 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 36 theme lipid 845:849 arg1 105.4 875:879 105.4 875:879 105.4 875:879 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 4 37 theme highest 536:542 arg1 content 587:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 1 38 theme chemical 202:209 arg1 composition 211:221 chemical composition 202:221 chemical composition 202:221 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 3 39 dep retrogradation 383:396 arg1 formation 438:446 formation 438:446 formation 438:446 This increment was due to the starch retrogradation (RS3) and amylose-lipid complexes (RS5) formation. 28398614 6 40 theme complexes 1108:1116 arg1 formation 1118:1126 amylose-lipid complexes formation 1094:1126 amylose-lipid complexes formation 1094:1126 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 4 41 theme RS 612:613 arg1 content 615:621 the highest RS content 600:621 the highest RS content 600:621 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 0 42 theme Starch 42:47 arg1 Formation 49:57 Resistant Starch Formation 32:57 Resistant Starch Formation 32:57 Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales. 28398614 4 43 theme ecological 485:494 arg1 processes 512:520 classic and ecological nixtamalization processes 473:520 classic and ecological nixtamalization processes 473:520 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 3 44 theme starch 376:381 arg1 RS3 399:401 RS3 399:401 RS3 399:401 This increment was due to the starch retrogradation (RS3) and amylose-lipid complexes (RS5) formation. 28398614 3 44 theme starch 376:381 arg1 retrogradation 383:396 the starch retrogradation 372:396 the starch retrogradation (RS3) 372:402 This increment was due to the starch retrogradation (RS3) and amylose-lipid complexes (RS5) formation. 28398614 7 45 from reduction 1241:1249 arg1 response 1268:1275 blood glucose response 1254:1275 blood glucose response after consumption 1254:1293 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 3 46 theme amylose-lipid 408:420 arg1 RS5 433:435 RS5 433:435 RS5 433:435 This increment was due to the starch retrogradation (RS3) and amylose-lipid complexes (RS5) formation. 28398614 3 46 theme amylose-lipid 408:420 arg1 complexes 422:430 amylose-lipid complexes 408:430 amylose-lipid complexes (RS5) 408:436 This increment was due to the starch retrogradation (RS3) and amylose-lipid complexes (RS5) formation. 28398614 0 47 theme Glycemic 63:70 arg1 Index 72:76 Glycemic Index 63:76 Glycemic Index of Tamales 63:87 Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales. 28398614 4 48 theme dietary 573:579 arg1 content 587:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 7 49 theme nixtamalization 1153:1167 arg1 processes 1169:1177 ecological nixtamalization processes 1142:1177 ecological nixtamalization processes 1142:1177 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 1 50 theme nixtamalization 119:133 arg1 processes 135:143 3 nixtamalization processes 117:143 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) 117:182 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 2 51 from starch 273:278 arg1 tamales 288:294 tamales 288:294 tamales 288:294 Resistant starch (RS) in tamales increased 1.6 to 3.7 times compared to raw maize. 28398614 4 52 theme nixtamalization 496:510 arg1 processes 512:520 classic and ecological nixtamalization processes 473:520 classic and ecological nixtamalization processes 473:520 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 4 53 dep content 587:593 arg1 the 532:534 the 532:534 the 532:534 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 6 54 theme tamales 1037:1043 arg1 cooking 1026:1032 cooking 1026:1032 cooking 1026:1032 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 6 54 theme tamales 1037:1043 arg1 nixtamalization 1006:1020 nixtamalization 1006:1020 nixtamalization 1006:1020 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 4 55 theme fiber 581:585 arg1 content 587:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content 544:593 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 5 56 theme type 920:923 arg1 °C 821:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 42.7 to 66.6 °C 808:822 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 56 theme type 920:923 arg1 retrogradation 792:805 amylopectin retrogradation 780:805 amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C) 780:823 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 56 theme type 920:923 arg1 melting 887:893 melting 887:893 melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 887:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 56 theme type 920:923 arg1 endotherms 768:777 3 endotherms 766:777 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7) 766:943 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 5 56 theme type 920:923 arg1 melting 826:832 melting 826:832 melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4) 826:880 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 6 57 theme amylose-lipid 1094:1106 arg1 formation 1118:1126 amylose-lipid complexes formation 1094:1126 amylose-lipid complexes formation 1094:1126 Raw maize exhibited X-ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V-type polymorph structure, due to amylose-lipid complexes formation. 28398614 2 58 theme raw 335:337 arg1 maize 339:343 raw maize 335:343 raw maize 335:343 Resistant starch (RS) in tamales increased 1.6 to 3.7 times compared to raw maize. 28398614 1 59 theme starch 224:229 arg1 properties 231:240 starch properties 224:240 starch properties 224:240 Tamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. 28398614 5 60 theme Thermal 729:735 arg1 properties 737:746 Thermal properties 729:746 Thermal properties of tamales 729:757 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 4 61 theme highest 604:610 arg1 content 615:621 the highest RS content 600:621 the highest RS content 600:621 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 7 62 theme blood 1254:1258 arg1 response 1268:1275 blood glucose response 1254:1275 blood glucose response after consumption 1254:1293 Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption. 28398614 4 63 theme glycemic 641:648 arg1 index 650:654 vivo glycemic index 636:654 vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process 636:726 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 4 64 from content 587:593 arg1 index 650:654 vivo glycemic index 636:654 vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process 636:726 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 28398614 5 65 dep 66.6 816:819 arg1 to 813:814 to 813:814 to 813:814 Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose-lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). 28398614 4 66 theme vivo 636:639 arg1 index 650:654 vivo glycemic index 636:654 vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process 636:726 Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. 27773385 2 0 theme complexity 401:410 arg1 layer 381:385 an additional layer 367:385 an additional layer of regulatory complexity 367:410 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 2 1 gly glycosylated 335:346 arg1 substrates 348:357 glycosylated substrates 335:357 glycosylated substrates 335:357 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 5 2 theme Aleuria 1262:1268 arg1 lectin 1279:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1262:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 1262:1290 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 2 theme Aleuria 1262:1268 arg1 protein 1253:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 2 theme Aleuria 1262:1268 arg1 AAL 1287:1289 AAL 1287:1289 AAL 1287:1289 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 2 3 theme molecular 309:317 arg1 interactions 319:330 molecular interactions 309:330 molecular interactions 309:330 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 8 4 theme evident 1815:1821 arg1 schizophrenia 1787:1799 schizophrenia 1787:1799 schizophrenia 1787:1799 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 1 5 theme cell 192:195 arg1 signaling 197:205 cell signaling 192:205 cell signaling 192:205 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 5 6 from abundance 1336:1344 arg1 subjects 1358:1365 the same subjects 1349:1365 the same subjects 1349:1365 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 4 7 theme glycosylation 752:764 arg1 abnormalities 766:778 glycosylation abnormalities 752:778 glycosylation abnormalities 752:778 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 8 theme schizophrenia 1168:1180 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 8 theme schizophrenia 1168:1180 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 3 9 theme quality 637:643 arg1 control 645:651 quality control 637:651 quality control 637:651 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 6 10 theme control 1592:1598 arg1 pathway 1600:1606 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 1 11 theme pathway 230:236 arg1 regulation 238:247 neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 211:247 neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 211:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 8 12 from consequence 1915:1925 arg1 disorder 1962:1969 the disorder 1958:1969 the disorder 1958:1969 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 9 13 theme POFUT2 1994:1999 arg1 expression 2001:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression 1972:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression 1972:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 9 14 theme abnormalities 2061:2073 arg1 variety 2040:2046 a variety 2038:2046 a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia 2038:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 9 14 theme abnormalities 2061:2073 arg1 abnormalities 2061:2073 molecular abnormalities 2051:2073 molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia 2051:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 POFUT2 1024:1029 POFUT2 1024:1029 POFUT2 1024:1029 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 FUCA2 1120:1124 FUCA2 1120:1124 FUCA2 1120:1124 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 948:967 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 940:969 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) 940:978 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1062:1079 fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11) 1062:1090 fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11) 1062:1090 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 enzymes 920:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes 897:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 1000:1019 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 992:1021 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 992:1030 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1033:1050 fucosyltransferase 8 1033:1052 fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) 1033:1059 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 GDP-fucose 929:938 GDP-fucose 929:938 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 POFUT1 972:977 POFUT1 972:977 POFUT1 972:977 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 α-l-fucosidase 1104:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 FUT8 1055:1058 FUT8 1055:1058 FUT8 1055:1058 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 15 dep enzymes 920:926 arg1 GDP-fucose 981:990 GDP-fucose 981:990 GDP-fucose 981:990 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 16 theme protein 992:998 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 1000:1019 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 992:1021 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 992:1030 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 16 theme protein 992:998 arg1 POFUT2 1024:1029 POFUT2 1024:1029 POFUT2 1024:1029 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 16 theme protein 992:998 arg1 enzymes 920:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes 897:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 9 17 from variety 2040:2046 arg1 schizophrenia 2078:2090 schizophrenia 2078:2090 schizophrenia 2078:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 6 18 theme repeat 1511:1516 arg1 domains 1518:1524 thrombospondin-like repeat domains 1491:1524 thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1491:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 4 19 theme glycosylation 809:821 arg1 expression 830:839 dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression 796:839 dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 796:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 2 20 theme Glycan 250:255 arg1 attachment 257:266 Glycan attachment 250:266 Glycan attachment 250:266 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 8 21 theme molecular 1874:1882 arg1 mass 1884:1887 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 1 22 theme post-translational 128:145 arg1 modification 147:158 a post-translational modification 126:158 a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 126:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 1 22 theme post-translational 128:145 arg1 Glycosylation 109:121 Glycosylation 109:121 Glycosylation 109:121 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 1 22 theme post-translational 128:145 arg1 element 181:187 an essential element 168:187 an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 168:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 4 23 theme expression 830:839 arg1 evidence 784:791 evidence 784:791 evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 784:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 23 theme expression 830:839 arg1 abnormalities 766:778 glycosylation abnormalities 752:778 glycosylation abnormalities 752:778 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 5 24 theme N-glycoprotein 1321:1334 arg1 abundance 1336:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance 1303:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects 1303:1365 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 3 25 theme signaling 703:711 arg1 cascades 713:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 4 26 from GDP-fucose 981:990 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 26 from GDP-fucose 981:990 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 0 27 from expression 27:36 arg1 gyrus 63:67 the superior temporal gyrus 41:67 the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia 41:106 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 0 28 theme patients 80:87 arg1 gyrus 63:67 the superior temporal gyrus 41:67 the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia 41:106 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 8 29 from decrease 1760:1767 arg1 binding 1776:1782 AAL binding 1772:1782 AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, 1772:1895 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 8 30 from N-glycoproteins 1827:1841 arg1 mass 1884:1887 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 6 31 gly O-fucosylation 1473:1486 arg1 domains 1518:1524 thrombospondin-like repeat domains 1491:1524 thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1491:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 2 32 theme biological 461:470 arg1 processes 472:480 central cell biological processes 448:480 central cell biological processes 448:480 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 4 33 from fucosyltransferase 1033:1050 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 33 from fucosyltransferase 1033:1050 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 34 from O-fucosyltransferase 948:967 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 34 from O-fucosyltransferase 948:967 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 8 35 theme FUT8 1939:1942 arg1 expression 1944:1953 abnormal FUT8 expression 1930:1953 abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder 1930:1969 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 4 36 theme plasma 1097:1102 arg1 α-l-fucosidase 1104:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 36 theme plasma 1097:1102 arg1 enzymes 920:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes 897:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 9 37 theme Dysregulated 1972:1983 arg1 expression 2001:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression 1972:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression 1972:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 2 38 theme central 448:454 arg1 processes 472:480 central cell biological processes 448:480 central cell biological processes 448:480 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 0 39 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 expression 27:36 Altered fucosyltransferase expression 0:36 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 0:107 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 4 40 from schizophrenia 844:856 arg1 evidence 784:791 evidence 784:791 evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 784:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 40 from schizophrenia 844:856 arg1 abnormalities 766:778 glycosylation abnormalities 752:778 glycosylation abnormalities 752:778 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 2 41 theme tertiary 286:293 arg1 structure 295:303 tertiary structure 286:303 tertiary structure 286:303 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 3 42 gly glycoprotein 556:567 arg1 glycoprotein 556:567 glycoprotein 556:567 glycoprotein 556:567 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 5 43 theme same 1353:1356 arg1 subjects 1358:1365 the same subjects 1349:1365 the same subjects 1349:1365 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 44 gly α-1,6-fucosylated 1303:1319 arg1 abundance 1336:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance 1303:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects 1303:1365 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 9 45 from schizophrenia 2078:2090 arg1 variety 2040:2046 a variety 2038:2046 a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia 2038:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 9 45 from schizophrenia 2078:2090 arg1 abnormalities 2061:2073 molecular abnormalities 2051:2073 molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia 2051:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 2 46 theme regulatory 390:399 arg1 complexity 401:410 regulatory complexity 390:410 regulatory complexity 390:410 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 0 47 theme temporal 54:61 arg1 gyrus 63:67 the superior temporal gyrus 41:67 the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia 41:106 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 4 48 theme temporal 1150:1157 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 6 49 theme endoplasmic 1562:1572 arg1 reticulum 1574:1582 non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum 1548:1582 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 5 50 theme aurantia 1270:1277 arg1 lectin 1279:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1262:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 1262:1290 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 50 theme aurantia 1270:1277 arg1 protein 1253:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 50 theme aurantia 1270:1277 arg1 AAL 1287:1289 AAL 1287:1289 AAL 1287:1289 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 8 51 from expression 1944:1953 arg1 disorder 1962:1969 the disorder 1958:1969 the disorder 1958:1969 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 948:967 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 940:969 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) 940:978 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1062:1079 fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11) 1062:1090 fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11) 1062:1090 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 enzymes 920:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes 897:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 1000:1019 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 992:1021 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 992:1030 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1033:1050 fucosyltransferase 8 1033:1052 fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) 1033:1059 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 α-l-fucosidase 1104:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 52 theme fucose-modifying 903:918 arg1 GDP-fucose 981:990 GDP-fucose 981:990 GDP-fucose 981:990 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 8 53 theme concurrent 1749:1758 arg1 decrease 1760:1767 the concurrent decrease 1745:1767 the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, 1745:1895 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 9 54 theme FUT8 1985:1988 arg1 expression 2001:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression 1972:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression 1972:2010 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 3 55 theme cell 584:587 arg1 expression 597:606 glycolipid cell surface expression 573:606 glycolipid cell surface expression 573:606 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 4 56 from evidence 784:791 arg1 schizophrenia 844:856 schizophrenia 844:856 schizophrenia 844:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 5 57 theme binding 1245:1251 arg1 lectin 1279:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1262:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 1262:1290 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 57 theme binding 1245:1251 arg1 protein 1253:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 4 58 theme postmortem 1130:1139 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 0 59 with patients 80:87 arg1 schizophrenia 94:106 schizophrenia 94:106 schizophrenia 94:106 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 2 60 theme glycosylated 335:346 arg1 substrates 348:357 glycosylated substrates 335:357 glycosylated substrates 335:357 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 4 61 from abnormalities 766:778 arg1 schizophrenia 844:856 schizophrenia 844:856 schizophrenia 844:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 62 theme comparison 1193:1202 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 63 theme protein 940:946 arg1 FUCA2 1120:1124 FUCA2 1120:1124 FUCA2 1120:1124 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 63 theme protein 940:946 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 948:967 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 940:969 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) 940:978 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 63 theme protein 940:946 arg1 POFUT1 972:977 POFUT1 972:977 POFUT1 972:977 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 63 theme protein 940:946 arg1 enzymes 920:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes 897:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 64 theme N=14 1205:1208 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 65 theme prior 735:739 arg1 reports 741:747 prior reports 735:747 prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 735:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 6 66 theme POFUT2 1419:1424 arg1 expression 1405:1414 increased expression 1395:1414 increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1395:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 2 67 dep structure 295:303 arg1 the 282:284 the 282:284 the 282:284 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 1 68 theme neurodevelopmental 211:228 arg1 regulation 238:247 neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 211:247 neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 211:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 9 69 theme molecular 2051:2059 arg1 abnormalities 2061:2073 molecular abnormalities 2051:2073 molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia 2051:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 6 70 theme quality 1584:1590 arg1 pathway 1600:1606 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 6 71 theme reticulum 1574:1582 arg1 pathway 1600:1606 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 9 72 from abnormalities 2061:2073 arg1 schizophrenia 2078:2090 schizophrenia 2078:2090 schizophrenia 2078:2090 Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia. 27773385 8 73 theme ~52-58kDa 1850:1858 arg1 mass 1884:1887 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 8 74 gly N-glycoproteins 1827:1841 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1827:1841 N-glycoproteins 1827:1841 N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1827:1894 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 4 75 theme dysregulated 796:807 arg1 expression 830:839 dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression 796:839 dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 796:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 5 76 theme α-1,6-fucosylated 1303:1319 arg1 abundance 1336:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance 1303:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects 1303:1365 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 4 77 from O-fucosyltransferase 1000:1019 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 77 from O-fucosyltransferase 1000:1019 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 3 78 theme intracellular 689:701 arg1 cascades 713:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 8 79 theme ~60-70kDa 1864:1872 arg1 mass 1884:1887 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges 1846:1894 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 4 80 theme enzyme 823:828 arg1 expression 830:839 dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression 796:839 dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 796:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 0 81 theme elderly 72:78 arg1 patients 80:87 elderly patients 72:87 elderly patients with schizophrenia 72:106 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 3 82 theme inter- 678:683 arg1 cascades 713:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 4 83 theme abnormalities 766:778 arg1 reports 741:747 prior reports 735:747 prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 735:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 1 84 theme essential 171:179 arg1 modification 147:158 a post-translational modification 126:158 a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 126:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 1 84 theme essential 171:179 arg1 Glycosylation 109:121 Glycosylation 109:121 Glycosylation 109:121 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 1 84 theme essential 171:179 arg1 element 181:187 an essential element 168:187 an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 168:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 7 85 theme FUT8 1647:1650 arg1 expression 1633:1642 decreased expression 1623:1642 decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia 1623:1667 We also found decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia. 27773385 4 86 theme evidence 784:791 arg1 reports 741:747 prior reports 735:747 prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia 735:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 1 87 from element 181:187 arg1 signaling 197:205 cell signaling 192:205 cell signaling 192:205 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 1 87 from element 181:187 arg1 regulation 238:247 neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 211:247 neurodevelopmental pathway regulation 211:247 Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. 27773385 2 88 theme substrates 348:357 arg1 structure 295:303 tertiary structure 286:303 tertiary structure 286:303 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 2 88 theme substrates 348:357 arg1 interactions 319:330 molecular interactions 309:330 molecular interactions 309:330 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 6 89 theme increased 1395:1403 arg1 expression 1405:1414 increased expression 1395:1414 increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1395:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 4 90 theme protein 875:881 arg1 expression 883:892 the protein expression 871:892 the protein expression 871:892 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 3 91 theme attachment 518:527 arg1 fucosylation 530:541 fucosylation 530:541 fucosylation 530:541 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 3 91 theme attachment 518:527 arg1 type 487:490 One type 483:490 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment 483:527 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 0 92 theme fucosyltransferase 8:25 arg1 expression 27:36 Altered fucosyltransferase expression 0:36 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 0:107 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 8 93 theme abnormal 1930:1937 arg1 expression 1944:1953 abnormal FUT8 expression 1930:1953 abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder 1930:1969 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 8 94 from binding 1776:1782 arg1 schizophrenia 1787:1799 schizophrenia 1787:1799 schizophrenia 1787:1799 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 3 95 theme enzyme-mediated 495:509 arg1 attachment 518:527 enzyme-mediated glycan attachment 495:527 enzyme-mediated glycan attachment 495:527 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 6 96 theme thrombospondin-like 1491:1509 arg1 domains 1518:1524 thrombospondin-like repeat domains 1491:1524 thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1491:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 4 97 from α-l-fucosidase 1104:1117 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 97 from α-l-fucosidase 1104:1117 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 7 98 from expression 1633:1642 arg1 schizophrenia 1655:1667 schizophrenia 1655:1667 schizophrenia 1655:1667 We also found decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia. 27773385 8 99 theme expression 1944:1953 arg1 consequence 1915:1925 a consequence 1913:1925 a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder 1913:1969 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 6 100 theme domains 1518:1524 arg1 O-fucosylation 1473:1486 O-fucosylation 1473:1486 O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1473:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 8 101 from disorder 1962:1969 arg1 consequence 1915:1925 a consequence 1913:1925 a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder 1913:1969 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 5 102 gly N-glycoprotein 1321:1334 arg1 N-glycoprotein 1321:1334 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance 1303:1344 α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects 1303:1365 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 0 103 theme superior 45:52 arg1 gyrus 63:67 the superior temporal gyrus 41:67 the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia 41:106 Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. 27773385 5 104 theme fucose 1238:1243 arg1 lectin 1279:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1262:1284 Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 1262:1290 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 5 104 theme fucose 1238:1243 arg1 protein 1253:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 the fucose binding protein 1234:1259 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 7 105 theme decreased 1623:1631 arg1 expression 1633:1642 decreased expression 1623:1642 decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia 1623:1667 We also found decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia. 27773385 8 106 dep mass 1884:1887 arg1 ranges 1889:1894 ranges 1889:1894 ranges 1889:1894 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 3 107 theme glycan 511:516 arg1 attachment 518:527 enzyme-mediated glycan attachment 495:527 enzyme-mediated glycan attachment 495:527 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 3 108 theme cascades 713:720 arg1 variety 667:673 a variety 665:673 a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 665:720 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 3 108 theme cascades 713:720 arg1 cascades 713:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 inter- and intracellular signaling cascades 678:720 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 6 109 theme responsible 1457:1467 arg1 POFUT2 1419:1424 POFUT2 1419:1424 POFUT2 1419:1424 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 6 109 theme responsible 1457:1467 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1429:1446 a fucosyltransferase 1427:1446 a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1427:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 3 110 theme surface 589:595 arg1 expression 597:606 glycolipid cell surface expression 573:606 glycolipid cell surface expression 573:606 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 3 111 theme glycolipid 573:582 arg1 expression 597:606 glycolipid cell surface expression 573:606 glycolipid cell surface expression 573:606 One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. 27773385 4 112 from expression 830:839 arg1 schizophrenia 844:856 schizophrenia 844:856 schizophrenia 844:856 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 113 theme superior 1141:1148 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 5 114 used used 1229:1232 arg2 We 1221:1222 We 1221:1222 We 1221:1222 We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. 27773385 2 115 theme additional 370:379 arg1 layer 381:385 an additional layer 367:385 an additional layer of regulatory complexity 367:410 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 6 116 theme non-canonical 1548:1560 arg1 reticulum 1574:1582 non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum 1548:1582 a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway 1546:1606 In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. 27773385 4 117 from fucosyltransferase 1062:1079 arg1 gyrus 1159:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus 1130:1163 postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) 1130:1187 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 117 from fucosyltransferase 1062:1079 arg1 subjects 1211:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 comparison (N=14) subjects 1193:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 2 118 theme cell 456:459 arg1 processes 472:480 central cell biological processes 448:480 central cell biological processes 448:480 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 8 119 theme only 1693:1696 arg1 FUT8 1681:1684 FUT8 1681:1684 FUT8 1681:1684 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 8 119 theme only 1693:1696 arg1 α-1,6-fucosyltransferase 1698:1721 the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase 1689:1721 the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals 1689:1742 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 948:967 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 940:969 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) 940:978 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1062:1079 fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11) 1062:1090 fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11) 1062:1090 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 enzymes 920:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes 897:926 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects 897:1218 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 1000:1019 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 992:1021 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 992:1030 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1033:1050 fucosyltransferase 8 1033:1052 fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) 1033:1059 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 α-l-fucosidase 1104:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 plasma α-l-fucosidase 1097:1117 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 4 120 theme key 899:901 arg1 GDP-fucose 981:990 GDP-fucose 981:990 GDP-fucose 981:990 Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. 27773385 2 121 theme functional 415:424 arg1 mechanisms 426:435 functional mechanisms 415:435 functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes 415:480 Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. 27773385 8 122 theme AAL 1772:1774 arg1 binding 1776:1782 AAL binding 1772:1782 AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, 1772:1895 Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. 25761433 3 0 from addition 419:426 arg1 material 442:449 the produced material 429:449 the produced material 429:449 In addition, the produced material is also remouldable and recyclable. 25761433 3 0 from addition 419:426 arg1 remouldable 459:469 remouldable 459:469 remouldable 459:469 In addition, the produced material is also remouldable and recyclable. 25761433 1 1 theme host-guest 182:191 arg1 interactions 193:204 host-guest interactions 182:204 host-guest interactions 182:204 A self-healable conductive composite is developed by combining the small molecules and nanotubes through host-guest interactions. 25761433 1 2 theme self-healable 79:91 arg1 composite 104:112 A self-healable conductive composite 77:112 A self-healable conductive composite 77:112 A self-healable conductive composite is developed by combining the small molecules and nanotubes through host-guest interactions. 25761433 2 3 theme multiple 400:407 arg1 times 409:413 water multiple times 394:413 water multiple times 394:413 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 0 4 theme efficient 3:11 arg1 healing 22:28 An efficient multiple healing 0:28 An efficient multiple healing 0:28 An efficient multiple healing conductive composite via host-guest inclusion. 25761433 1 5 theme conductive 93:102 arg1 composite 104:112 A self-healable conductive composite 77:112 A self-healable conductive composite 77:112 A self-healable conductive composite is developed by combining the small molecules and nanotubes through host-guest interactions. 25761433 2 6 theme water 394:398 arg1 times 409:413 water multiple times 394:413 water multiple times 394:413 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 3 7 theme produced 433:440 arg1 material 442:449 the produced material 429:449 the produced material 429:449 In addition, the produced material is also remouldable and recyclable. 25761433 3 7 theme produced 433:440 arg1 remouldable 459:469 remouldable 459:469 remouldable 459:469 In addition, the produced material is also remouldable and recyclable. 25761433 0 8 theme multiple 13:20 arg1 healing 22:28 An efficient multiple healing 0:28 An efficient multiple healing 0:28 An efficient multiple healing conductive composite via host-guest inclusion. 25761433 2 9 theme absorption 259:268 arg1 properties 291:300 uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties 227:300 uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties 227:300 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 0 10 theme host-guest 55:64 arg1 inclusion 66:74 host-guest inclusion 55:74 host-guest inclusion 55:74 An efficient multiple healing conductive composite via host-guest inclusion. 25761433 2 11 theme microwave 249:257 arg1 absorption 259:268 microwave absorption 249:268 microwave absorption 249:268 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 3 12 from remouldable 459:469 arg1 addition 419:426 addition 419:426 addition 419:426 In addition, the produced material is also remouldable and recyclable. 25761433 2 13 theme mechanical 356:365 arg1 properties 367:376 over 90% electrical and mechanical properties 332:376 over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times 332:413 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 2 14 theme conductivity 235:246 arg1 properties 291:300 uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties 227:300 uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties 227:300 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 2 15 with properties 367:376 arg1 the 383:385 the 383:385 the 383:385 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 2 16 theme uniform 227:233 arg1 conductivity 235:246 uniform conductivity 227:246 uniform conductivity 227:246 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 2 17 theme electrical 341:350 arg1 properties 367:376 over 90% electrical and mechanical properties 332:376 over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times 332:413 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 2 18 dep the 383:385 arg1 aid 387:389 aid 387:389 aid 387:389 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 1 19 theme small 144:148 arg1 molecules 150:158 the small molecules 140:158 the small molecules 140:158 A self-healable conductive composite is developed by combining the small molecules and nanotubes through host-guest interactions. 25761433 2 20 theme sensing 283:289 arg1 properties 291:300 uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties 227:300 uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties 227:300 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 25761433 2 21 theme humidity 274:281 arg1 sensing 283:289 humidity sensing 274:289 humidity sensing 274:289 This material shows uniform conductivity, microwave absorption and humidity sensing properties, and can be rapidly healed to over 90% electrical and mechanical properties with the aid of water multiple times. 24640947 0 0 theme ryegrass 68:75 arg1 properties 24:33 growth properties 17:33 growth properties 17:33 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 0 0 theme ryegrass 68:75 arg1 structure 48:56 chemical structure 39:56 chemical structure 39:56 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 5 1 theme related 692:698 arg1 characteristics 676:690 The characteristics 672:690 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity 672:805 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 5 1 theme related 692:698 arg1 composition 740:750 biomass composition 732:750 biomass composition 732:750 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 5 1 theme related 692:698 arg1 degree 753:758 degree 753:758 degree of polymerization 753:776 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 5 1 theme related 692:698 arg1 crystallinity 793:805 cellulose crystallinity 783:805 cellulose crystallinity 783:805 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 2 2 from plants 395:400 arg1 D2O 409:411 50% D2O 405:411 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers 405:443 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 3 3 theme % 477:477 arg1 incorporation 456:468 Deuterium incorporation 446:468 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% 446:477 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 0 4 theme annual 61:66 arg1 ryegrass 68:75 annual ryegrass 61:75 annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 61:96 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 5 5 theme control 830:836 arg1 counterpart 848:858 its control protiated counterpart 826:858 its control protiated counterpart 826:858 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 2 6 theme ryegrass 336:343 arg1 production 304:313 optimized production 294:313 optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 294:364 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 2 7 from D2O 409:411 arg1 chambers 436:443 perfused hydroponic chambers 416:443 perfused hydroponic chambers 416:443 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 6 8 theme cellulose 961:969 arg1 crystallinity 971:983 cellulose crystallinity 961:983 cellulose crystallinity 961:983 The cellulose molecular weight indicated slight variation while hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose crystallinity remain unaffected with the deuteration. 24640947 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 24:33 growth properties 17:33 growth properties 17:33 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 48:56 chemical structure 39:56 chemical structure 39:56 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 4 10 theme deuterium 534:542 arg1 incorporation 544:556 deuterium incorporation 534:556 deuterium incorporation of 60% 534:563 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 2 11 theme optimized 294:302 arg1 production 304:313 optimized production 294:313 optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 294:364 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 2 12 dep ryegrass 336:343 arg1 multiflorum 353:363 Lolium multiflorum 346:363 Lolium multiflorum 346:363 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 1 13 theme complex 243:249 arg1 processes 270:278 the complex biomass conversion processes 239:278 the complex biomass conversion processes 239:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 4 14 theme perfusion 652:660 arg1 chambers 662:669 the perfusion chambers 648:669 the perfusion chambers 648:669 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 4 15 from seedlings 601:609 arg1 growing 622:628 growing 622:628 growing 622:628 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 4 15 from seedlings 601:609 arg1 H2O 614:616 H2O 614:616 H2O 614:616 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 4 16 theme rye 597:599 arg1 seedlings 601:609 the rye seedlings 593:609 the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers 593:669 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 5 17 theme protiated 838:846 arg1 counterpart 848:858 its control protiated counterpart 826:858 its control protiated counterpart 826:858 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 3 18 theme annual 496:501 arg1 rye 503:505 the annual rye 492:505 the annual rye grown in 50% D2O 492:522 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 1 19 theme effective 154:162 arg1 scattering 172:181 effective neutron scattering 154:181 effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes 154:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 5 20 theme biomass 732:738 arg1 composition 740:750 biomass composition 732:750 biomass composition 732:750 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 6 21 theme molecular 939:947 arg1 weights 949:955 hemicellulose molecular weights 925:955 hemicellulose molecular weights 925:955 The cellulose molecular weight indicated slight variation while hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose crystallinity remain unaffected with the deuteration. 24640947 0 22 dep ryegrass 68:75 arg1 multiflorum 85:95 Lolium multiflorum 78:95 Lolium multiflorum 78:95 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 1 23 theme neutron 164:170 arg1 scattering 172:181 effective neutron scattering 154:181 effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes 154:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 1 24 theme biomass 251:257 arg1 processes 270:278 the complex biomass conversion processes 239:278 the complex biomass conversion processes 239:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 5 25 theme cellulose 783:791 arg1 crystallinity 793:805 cellulose crystallinity 783:805 cellulose crystallinity 783:805 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 1 26 theme scattering 172:181 arg1 studies 183:189 effective neutron scattering studies 154:189 effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes 154:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 2 27 theme % 407:407 arg1 D2O 409:411 50% D2O 405:411 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers 405:443 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 1 28 theme conversion 259:268 arg1 processes 270:278 the complex biomass conversion processes 239:278 the complex biomass conversion processes 239:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 2 29 theme 50 405:406 arg1 % 407:407 % 407:407 % 407:407 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 3 30 theme 50 516:517 arg1 % 518:518 % 518:518 % 518:518 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 5 31 theme polymerization 763:776 arg1 composition 740:750 biomass composition 732:750 biomass composition 732:750 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 5 31 theme polymerization 763:776 arg1 crystallinity 793:805 cellulose crystallinity 783:805 cellulose crystallinity 783:805 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 5 31 theme polymerization 763:776 arg1 degree 753:758 degree 753:758 degree of polymerization 753:776 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 5 32 theme enzymatic 703:711 arg1 hydrolysis 713:722 enzymatic hydrolysis 703:722 enzymatic hydrolysis 703:722 The characteristics related to enzymatic hydrolysis such as biomass composition, degree of polymerization, and cellulose crystallinity were compared with its control protiated counterpart. 24640947 0 33 theme growth 17:22 arg1 properties 24:33 growth properties 17:33 growth properties 17:33 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 6 34 theme slight 902:907 arg1 variation 909:917 slight variation 902:917 slight variation 902:917 The cellulose molecular weight indicated slight variation while hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose crystallinity remain unaffected with the deuteration. 24640947 6 35 theme molecular 875:883 arg1 weight 885:890 The cellulose molecular weight 861:890 The cellulose molecular weight 861:890 The cellulose molecular weight indicated slight variation while hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose crystallinity remain unaffected with the deuteration. 24640947 2 36 theme hydroponic 425:434 arg1 chambers 436:443 perfused hydroponic chambers 416:443 perfused hydroponic chambers 416:443 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 6 37 theme hemicellulose 925:937 arg1 weights 949:955 hemicellulose molecular weights 925:955 hemicellulose molecular weights 925:955 The cellulose molecular weight indicated slight variation while hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose crystallinity remain unaffected with the deuteration. 24640947 3 38 located found 483:487 arg1 rye 503:505 the annual rye 492:505 the annual rye grown in 50% D2O 492:522 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 3 38 located found 483:487 arg2 incorporation 456:468 Deuterium incorporation 446:468 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% 446:477 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 2 39 theme annual 329:334 arg1 ryegrass 336:343 deuterated annual ryegrass 318:343 deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 318:364 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 2 40 theme perfused 416:423 arg1 chambers 436:443 perfused hydroponic chambers 416:443 perfused hydroponic chambers 416:443 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 1 41 from studies 183:189 arg1 biomass 194:200 biomass 194:200 biomass 194:200 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 2 42 theme deuterated 318:327 arg1 ryegrass 336:343 deuterated annual ryegrass 318:343 deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 318:364 A method for optimized production of deuterated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was developed by growing the plants in 50% D2O in perfused hydroponic chambers. 24640947 3 43 theme % 518:518 arg1 D2O 520:522 50% D2O 516:522 50% D2O 516:522 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 3 44 theme Deuterium 446:454 arg1 incorporation 456:468 Deuterium incorporation 446:468 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% 446:477 Deuterium incorporation of 36.9% was found in the annual rye grown in 50% D2O. 24640947 4 45 dep H2O 614:616 arg1 D2O 637:639 D2O 637:639 D2O 637:639 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 1 46 theme deuterated 118:127 arg1 biomass 129:135 deuterated biomass 118:135 deuterated biomass 118:135 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 4 47 theme % 563:563 arg1 incorporation 544:556 deuterium incorporation 534:556 deuterium incorporation of 60% 534:563 Further, deuterium incorporation of 60% was achieved by germinating the rye seedlings in H2O and growing in 50% D2O inside the perfusion chambers. 24640947 0 48 theme chemical 39:46 arg1 structure 48:56 chemical structure 39:56 chemical structure 39:56 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 6 49 theme cellulose 865:873 arg1 weight 885:890 The cellulose molecular weight 861:890 The cellulose molecular weight 861:890 The cellulose molecular weight indicated slight variation while hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose crystallinity remain unaffected with the deuteration. 24640947 0 50 theme D2O 10:12 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 0:97 Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). 24640947 1 51 theme biomass 129:135 arg1 development 103:113 The development 99:113 The development of deuterated biomass 99:135 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 1 51 theme biomass 129:135 arg1 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 24640947 1 52 theme key 221:223 arg1 insights 225:232 key insights 221:232 key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes 221:278 The development of deuterated biomass is essential for effective neutron scattering studies on biomass, which can provide key insights into the complex biomass conversion processes. 27106157 4 0 theme initial 665:671 arg1 concentration 677:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 0 theme initial 665:671 arg1 parameters 609:618 Various parameters 601:618 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption 601:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 1 1 theme many 160:163 arg1 scientists 165:174 many scientists 160:174 many scientists 160:174 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 7 2 with SEM 997:999 arg1 XRD 1012:1014 XRD 1012:1014 XRD 1012:1014 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 7 2 with SEM 997:999 arg1 EDAX 1006:1009 EDAX 1006:1009 EDAX 1006:1009 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 7 2 with SEM 997:999 arg1 DSC 1025:1027 DSC 1025:1027 DSC 1025:1027 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 7 2 with SEM 997:999 arg1 TGA 1017:1019 TGA 1017:1019 TGA 1017:1019 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 10 3 theme potential 1339:1347 arg1 platform 1349:1356 a potential platform 1337:1356 a potential platform for the expansion of oil removal technology 1337:1400 This work provides a potential platform for the expansion of oil removal technology. 27106157 5 4 theme 50min 834:838 arg1 pH 797:798 pH 3.0 797:802 pH 3.0 797:802 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 5 4 theme 50min 834:838 arg1 time 826:829 a minimum contact time 808:829 a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent 808:861 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 4 5 theme maximum 695:701 arg1 sorption 703:710 maximum sorption 695:710 maximum sorption 695:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 9 6 theme sorption 1300:1307 arg1 process 1309:1315 sorption process 1300:1315 sorption process 1300:1315 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption process. 27106157 7 7 dep characterized 971:983 arg1 heat 1048:1051 heat 1048:1051 heat 1048:1051 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 7 7 dep characterized 971:983 arg1 angle 1038:1042 contact angle 1030:1042 contact angle 1030:1042 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 5 8 theme prepared 846:853 arg1 sorbent 855:861 prepared sorbent 846:861 prepared sorbent 846:861 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 8 9 theme Tempkin 1141:1147 arg1 isotherms 1149:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 5 10 located found 782:786 arg1 study 736:740 this study 731:740 this study 731:740 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 5 10 located found 782:786 arg2 percentage 767:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 5 11 theme minimum 810:816 arg1 time 826:829 a minimum contact time 808:829 a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent 808:861 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 8 12 theme D-R 1133:1135 arg1 isotherms 1149:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 5 13 theme removal 759:765 arg1 percentage 767:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 8 14 theme Freundlich 1111:1120 arg1 isotherms 1149:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 9 15 theme Thermodynamic 1206:1218 arg1 ΔH° 1244:1246 ΔH° 1244:1246 ΔH° 1244:1246 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption process. 27106157 9 15 theme Thermodynamic 1206:1218 arg1 parameters 1220:1229 Thermodynamic parameters 1206:1229 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° 1206:1254 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption process. 27106157 9 15 theme Thermodynamic 1206:1218 arg1 ΔG° 1239:1241 ΔG° 1239:1241 ΔG° 1239:1241 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption process. 27106157 9 15 theme Thermodynamic 1206:1218 arg1 ΔS° 1252:1254 ΔS° 1252:1254 ΔS° 1252:1254 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption process. 27106157 10 16 theme technology 1391:1400 arg1 expansion 1366:1374 the expansion 1362:1374 the expansion of oil removal technology 1362:1400 This work provides a potential platform for the expansion of oil removal technology. 27106157 2 17 theme oil-in-water 358:369 arg1 emulsion 371:378 oil-in-water emulsion 358:378 oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation 358:426 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 8 18 theme experimental 1072:1083 arg1 data 1085:1088 The experimental data 1068:1088 The experimental data 1068:1088 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 6 19 theme oil 909:911 arg1 sorption 913:920 oil sorption 909:920 oil sorption 909:920 The pH of the sorption studies revealed that oil sorption was favored in acidic condition. 27106157 0 20 theme recovery 19:26 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of oil recovery 0:26 Enhancement of oil recovery using zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite by adsorptive method. 27106157 5 21 theme contact 818:824 arg1 time 826:829 a minimum contact time 808:829 a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent 808:861 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 2 22 theme easy 413:416 arg1 operation 418:426 easy operation 413:426 easy operation 413:426 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 1 23 from emulsion 126:133 arg1 Recovery 92:99 Recovery 92:99 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion 92:133 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 3 24 theme oil-in-water 524:535 arg1 emulsion 537:544 oil-in-water emulsion 524:544 oil-in-water emulsion 524:544 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 0 25 theme oil 15:17 arg1 recovery 19:26 oil recovery 15:26 oil recovery 15:26 Enhancement of oil recovery using zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite by adsorptive method. 27106157 2 26 theme high 393:396 arg1 efficiency 398:407 its high efficiency 389:407 its high efficiency 389:407 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 0 27 theme zirconium-chitosan 34:51 arg1 composite 60:68 zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite 34:68 zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite 34:68 Enhancement of oil recovery using zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite by adsorptive method. 27106157 6 28 theme studies 887:893 arg1 pH 868:869 The pH 864:869 The pH of the sorption studies 864:893 The pH of the sorption studies revealed that oil sorption was favored in acidic condition. 27106157 4 29 theme agitation 626:634 arg1 parameters 609:618 Various parameters 601:618 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption 601:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 29 theme agitation 626:634 arg1 time 636:639 agitation time 626:639 agitation time 626:639 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 1 30 theme challenging 201:211 arg1 it 180:181 it 180:181 it 180:181 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 1 30 theme challenging 201:211 arg1 task 213:216 a challenging task 199:216 a challenging task for environmental scientists 199:245 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 5 31 theme maximum 747:753 arg1 percentage 767:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 6 32 theme sorption 878:885 arg1 studies 887:893 the sorption studies 874:893 the sorption studies 874:893 The pH of the sorption studies revealed that oil sorption was favored in acidic condition. 27106157 3 33 theme extractive 570:579 arg1 method 593:598 extractive gravimetric method 570:598 extractive gravimetric method 570:598 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 3 34 theme hybrid 431:436 arg1 material 438:445 A hybrid material 429:445 A hybrid material 429:445 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 3 34 theme hybrid 431:436 arg1 composite 467:475 zirconium-chitosan composite 448:475 zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) 448:486 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 5 35 theme oil 755:757 arg1 percentage 767:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 the maximum oil removal percentage 743:776 In this study, the maximum oil removal percentage was found to be at pH 3.0 and a minimum contact time of 50min using prepared sorbent. 27106157 9 36 theme process 1309:1315 arg1 nature 1290:1295 the nature 1286:1295 the nature of sorption process 1286:1315 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption process. 27106157 1 37 theme oil-in-water 113:124 arg1 emulsion 126:133 oil-in-water emulsion 113:133 oil-in-water emulsion 113:133 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 0 38 theme hybrid 53:58 arg1 composite 60:68 zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite 34:68 zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite 34:68 Enhancement of oil recovery using zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite by adsorptive method. 27106157 3 39 theme zirconium-chitosan 448:465 arg1 Zr-CS-HC 478:485 Zr-CS-HC 478:485 Zr-CS-HC 478:485 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 3 39 theme zirconium-chitosan 448:465 arg1 material 438:445 A hybrid material 429:445 A hybrid material 429:445 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 3 39 theme zirconium-chitosan 448:465 arg1 composite 467:475 zirconium-chitosan composite 448:475 zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) 448:486 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 4 40 dep parameters 609:618 arg1 concentration 677:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 40 dep parameters 609:618 arg1 parameters 609:618 Various parameters 601:618 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption 601:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 40 dep parameters 609:618 arg1 viz. 620:623 viz. 620:623 viz. 620:623 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 40 dep parameters 609:618 arg1 dosage 654:659 sorbent dosage 646:659 sorbent dosage 646:659 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 40 dep parameters 609:618 arg1 time 636:639 agitation time 626:639 agitation time 626:639 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 40 dep parameters 609:618 arg1 pH 642:643 pH 642:643 pH 642:643 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 41 theme oil 673:675 arg1 concentration 677:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 41 theme oil 673:675 arg1 parameters 609:618 Various parameters 601:618 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption 601:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 10 42 theme removal 1383:1389 arg1 technology 1391:1400 oil removal technology 1379:1400 oil removal technology 1379:1400 This work provides a potential platform for the expansion of oil removal technology. 27106157 2 43 from emulsion 371:378 arg1 removal 338:344 the removal 334:344 the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation 334:426 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 2 44 theme appropriate 310:320 arg1 process 322:328 an appropriate process 307:328 an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation 307:426 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 2 44 theme appropriate 310:320 arg1 adsorption 281:290 adsorption 281:290 adsorption 281:290 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 1 45 theme oil 104:106 arg1 Recovery 92:99 Recovery 92:99 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion 92:133 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 10 46 theme oil 1379:1381 arg1 technology 1391:1400 oil removal technology 1379:1400 oil removal technology 1379:1400 This work provides a potential platform for the expansion of oil removal technology. 27106157 8 47 theme sorption 1188:1195 arg1 process 1197:1203 the sorption process 1184:1203 the sorption process 1184:1203 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 8 48 theme Langmuir 1123:1130 arg1 isotherms 1149:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms 1111:1157 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 1 49 theme environmental 222:234 arg1 scientists 236:245 environmental scientists 222:245 environmental scientists 222:245 Recovery of oil from oil-in-water emulsion has been investigated by many scientists and it continues to be a challenging task for environmental scientists so far. 27106157 0 50 theme adsorptive 73:82 arg1 method 84:89 adsorptive method 73:89 adsorptive method 73:89 Enhancement of oil recovery using zirconium-chitosan hybrid composite by adsorptive method. 27106157 3 51 theme gravimetric 581:591 arg1 method 593:598 extractive gravimetric method 570:598 extractive gravimetric method 570:598 A hybrid material, zirconium-chitosan composite (Zr-CS-HC) was prepared to remove the oil from oil-in-water emulsion and oil was measured by extractive gravimetric method. 27106157 2 52 theme oil 349:351 arg1 removal 338:344 the removal 334:344 the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation 334:426 Among all the techniques, adsorption is found to be an appropriate process for the removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. 27106157 4 53 theme Various 601:607 arg1 concentration 677:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 initial oil concentration 665:689 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 53 theme Various 601:607 arg1 parameters 609:618 Various parameters 601:618 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption 601:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 53 theme Various 601:607 arg1 viz. 620:623 viz. 620:623 viz. 620:623 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 53 theme Various 601:607 arg1 dosage 654:659 sorbent dosage 646:659 sorbent dosage 646:659 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 53 theme Various 601:607 arg1 time 636:639 agitation time 626:639 agitation time 626:639 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 53 theme Various 601:607 arg1 pH 642:643 pH 642:643 pH 642:643 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 7 54 theme contact 1030:1036 arg1 angle 1038:1042 contact angle 1030:1042 contact angle 1030:1042 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 7 55 theme combustion 1056:1065 arg1 heat 1048:1051 heat 1048:1051 heat 1048:1051 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 7 55 theme combustion 1056:1065 arg1 angle 1038:1042 contact angle 1030:1042 contact angle 1030:1042 The sorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM with EDAX, XRD, TGA and DSC; contact angle and heat of combustion. 27106157 4 56 theme sorbent 646:652 arg1 parameters 609:618 Various parameters 601:618 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption 601:710 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 4 56 theme sorbent 646:652 arg1 dosage 654:659 sorbent dosage 646:659 sorbent dosage 646:659 Various parameters viz., agitation time, pH, sorbent dosage and initial oil concentration for maximum sorption were optimized. 27106157 8 57 theme best 1171:1174 arg1 fit 1176:1178 the best fit 1167:1178 the best fit for the sorption process 1167:1203 The experimental data were explained using Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R and Tempkin isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. 27106157 6 58 theme acidic 937:942 arg1 condition 944:952 acidic condition 937:952 acidic condition 937:952 The pH of the sorption studies revealed that oil sorption was favored in acidic condition. 27987964 5 0 theme higher 687:692 arg1 hydrophilicity 694:707 higher hydrophilicity 687:707 higher hydrophilicity 687:707 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 9 1 theme Zn 1109:1110 arg1 ions 1127:1130 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1101:1130 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1101:1130 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 1 2 theme chitosan/poly 139:151 arg1 nanofibres 170:179 chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres 139:179 chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres 139:179 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 7 3 theme equilibrium 840:850 arg1 data 852:855 Adsorption equilibrium data 829:855 Adsorption equilibrium data 829:855 Adsorption equilibrium data were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. 27987964 1 4 theme weight 223:228 arg1 ratio 230:234 PEO weight ratio 219:234 PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process 219:261 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 5 5 contain possess 679:685 arg2 hydrophilicity 694:707 higher hydrophilicity 687:707 higher hydrophilicity 687:707 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 5 5 contain possess 679:685 arg1 composition 629:639 Chitosan/PEO composition 616:639 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres 616:669 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 5 5 contain possess 679:685 arg2 area 738:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 8 6 theme better 939:944 arg1 fit 946:948 the better fit 935:948 the better fit with the experimental data 935:975 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 5 7 theme specific 721:728 arg1 area 738:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 0 8 theme oxide 95:99 arg1 membrane 114:121 (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane 85:121 (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane 85:121 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 1 9 theme electrospinning 239:253 arg1 process 255:261 electrospinning process 239:261 electrospinning process 239:261 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 1 10 dep chitosan/poly 139:151 arg1 oxide 163:167 ethylene oxide 154:167 ethylene oxide 154:167 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 4 11 theme fibres 547:552 arg1 115±31nm 571:578 115±31nm 571:578 115±31nm 571:578 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 4 11 theme fibres 547:552 arg1 diameter 466:473 Average fiber diameter 452:473 Average fiber diameter 452:473 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 4 11 theme fibres 547:552 arg1 area 526:529 the specific surface area 505:529 the specific surface area of the beadless fibres 505:552 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 4 11 theme fibres 547:552 arg1 strength 492:499 maximum tensile strength 476:499 maximum tensile strength 476:499 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 3 12 theme chitosan 432:439 arg1 ratio 445:449 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio 426:449 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio 426:449 Formation of beadless fibres were achieved at 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio. 27987964 4 13 theme specific 509:516 arg1 115±31nm 571:578 115±31nm 571:578 115±31nm 571:578 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 4 13 theme specific 509:516 arg1 area 526:529 the specific surface area 505:529 the specific surface area of the beadless fibres 505:552 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 0 14 theme nanofibrous 102:112 arg1 membrane 114:121 (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane 85:121 (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane 85:121 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 8 15 theme monolayer 1009:1017 arg1 conditions 1030:1039 the monolayer adsorption conditions 1005:1039 the monolayer adsorption conditions 1005:1039 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 3 16 theme fibres 402:407 arg1 Formation 380:388 Formation 380:388 Formation of beadless fibres 380:407 Formation of beadless fibres were achieved at 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio. 27987964 1 17 theme ethylene 154:161 arg1 oxide 163:167 ethylene oxide 154:167 ethylene oxide 154:167 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 8 18 theme experimental 959:970 arg1 data 972:975 the experimental data 955:975 the experimental data 955:975 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 9 19 theme maximum 1046:1052 arg1 120 1149:1151 120 1149:1151 120 1149:1151 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 9 19 theme maximum 1046:1052 arg1 capacity 1065:1072 The maximum adsorption capacity 1042:1072 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1042:1130 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 8 20 theme conditions 1030:1039 arg1 existence 992:1000 the existence 988:1000 the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions 988:1039 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 2 21 theme adsorption 309:318 arg1 capability 320:329 adsorption capability 309:329 adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 309:364 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied. 27987964 9 22 theme adsorption 1054:1063 arg1 120 1149:1151 120 1149:1151 120 1149:1151 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 9 22 theme adsorption 1054:1063 arg1 capacity 1065:1072 The maximum adsorption capacity 1042:1072 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1042:1130 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 4 23 theme maximum 476:482 arg1 strength 492:499 maximum tensile strength 476:499 maximum tensile strength 476:499 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 8 24 theme adsorption 1019:1028 arg1 conditions 1030:1039 the monolayer adsorption conditions 1005:1039 the monolayer adsorption conditions 1005:1039 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 0 25 theme heavy 23:27 arg1 ion 35:37 divalent heavy metal ion 14:37 divalent heavy metal ion 14:37 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 2 26 theme composition 292:302 arg1 effects 268:274 The effects 264:274 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 264:364 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied. 27987964 3 27 theme beadless 393:400 arg1 fibres 402:407 beadless fibres 393:407 beadless fibres 393:407 Formation of beadless fibres were achieved at 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio. 27987964 0 28 theme divalent 14:21 arg1 ion 35:37 divalent heavy metal ion 14:37 divalent heavy metal ion 14:37 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 5 29 theme Chitosan/PEO 616:627 arg1 composition 629:639 Chitosan/PEO composition 616:639 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres 616:669 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 6 30 theme adsorption 806:815 arg1 capability 817:826 the maximum adsorption capability 794:826 the maximum adsorption capability 794:826 These characteristics lead the beadless fibres to the maximum adsorption capability. 27987964 2 31 theme chitosan/PEO 279:290 arg1 composition 292:302 chitosan/PEO composition 279:302 chitosan/PEO composition 279:302 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied. 27987964 3 32 theme PEO 441:443 arg1 ratio 445:449 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio 426:449 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio 426:449 Formation of beadless fibres were achieved at 60:40 chitosan:PEO ratio. 27987964 0 33 theme ion 35:37 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area 0:69 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 4 34 theme tensile 484:490 arg1 strength 492:499 maximum tensile strength 476:499 maximum tensile strength 476:499 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 6 35 theme maximum 798:804 arg1 capability 817:826 the maximum adsorption capability 794:826 the maximum adsorption capability 794:826 These characteristics lead the beadless fibres to the maximum adsorption capability. 27987964 9 36 theme beadless 1081:1088 arg1 fibres 1090:1095 the beadless fibres 1077:1095 the beadless fibres 1077:1095 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 0 37 theme metal 29:33 arg1 ion 35:37 divalent heavy metal ion 14:37 divalent heavy metal ion 14:37 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 4 38 theme Average 452:458 arg1 diameter 466:473 Average fiber diameter 452:473 Average fiber diameter 452:473 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 5 39 theme maximum 713:719 arg1 area 738:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 5 40 theme beadless 655:662 arg1 fibres 664:669 beadless fibres 655:669 beadless fibres 655:669 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 4 41 theme beadless 538:545 arg1 fibres 547:552 the beadless fibres 534:552 the beadless fibres 534:552 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 9 42 theme fibres 1090:1095 arg1 120 1149:1151 120 1149:1151 120 1149:1151 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 9 42 theme fibres 1090:1095 arg1 capacity 1065:1072 The maximum adsorption capacity 1042:1072 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1042:1130 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 1 43 theme different 200:208 arg1 chitosan 210:217 different chitosan 200:217 different chitosan 200:217 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 0 44 theme mesoporous-high 42:56 arg1 area 66:69 mesoporous-high surface area 42:69 mesoporous-high surface area 42:69 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 8 45 with fit 946:948 arg1 data 972:975 the experimental data 955:975 the experimental data 955:975 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 5 46 theme surface 730:736 arg1 area 738:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 maximum specific surface area 713:741 Chitosan/PEO composition that produced beadless fibres tend to possess higher hydrophilicity and maximum specific surface area. 27987964 4 47 theme surface 518:524 arg1 115±31nm 571:578 115±31nm 571:578 115±31nm 571:578 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 4 47 theme surface 518:524 arg1 area 526:529 the specific surface area 505:529 the specific surface area of the beadless fibres 505:552 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 9 48 theme Cu 1101:1102 arg1 ions 1127:1130 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1101:1130 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1101:1130 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 2 49 theme Cu 335:336 arg1 ions 361:364 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 335:364 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 335:364 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied. 27987964 4 50 theme fiber 460:464 arg1 diameter 466:473 Average fiber diameter 452:473 Average fiber diameter 452:473 Average fiber diameter, maximum tensile strength and the specific surface area of the beadless fibres were found to be 115±31nm, 1.58MPa and 218m2/g, respectively. 27987964 6 51 theme beadless 775:782 arg1 fibres 784:789 the beadless fibres 771:789 the beadless fibres 771:789 These characteristics lead the beadless fibres to the maximum adsorption capability. 27987964 9 52 theme Pb 1120:1121 arg1 ions 1127:1130 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1101:1130 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 1101:1130 The maximum adsorption capacity of the beadless fibres for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were found to be 120, 117 and 108mgg-1, respectively. 27987964 8 53 theme Freundlich 908:917 arg1 isotherm 919:926 Freundlich isotherm 908:926 Freundlich isotherm 908:926 Freundlich isotherm showed the better fit with the experimental data and proved the existence of the monolayer adsorption conditions. 27987964 2 54 theme Pb 354:355 arg1 ions 361:364 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 335:364 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 335:364 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied. 27987964 7 55 dep Langmuir 874:881 arg1 isotherm 898:905 isotherm 898:905 isotherm 898:905 Adsorption equilibrium data were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. 27987964 2 56 theme Zn 343:344 arg1 ions 361:364 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 335:364 Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions 335:364 The effects of chitosan/PEO composition onto adsorption capability for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied. 27987964 1 57 theme PEO 219:221 arg1 ratio 230:234 PEO weight ratio 219:234 PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process 219:261 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 0 58 theme surface 58:64 arg1 area 66:69 mesoporous-high surface area 42:69 mesoporous-high surface area 42:69 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 27987964 1 59 dep fabricated 186:195 arg1 ratio 230:234 PEO weight ratio 219:234 PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process 219:261 In this study, chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibres were fabricated at different chitosan:PEO weight ratio by electrospinning process. 27987964 7 60 theme Adsorption 829:838 arg1 data 852:855 Adsorption equilibrium data 829:855 Adsorption equilibrium data 829:855 Adsorption equilibrium data were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. 27987964 0 61 theme ethylene 86:93 arg1 oxide 95:99 ethylene oxide 86:99 (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane 85:121 Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ion by mesoporous-high surface area chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane. 24694569 0 0 theme tunable 68:74 arg1 microbeads 85:94 tunable hydrogel microbeads 68:94 tunable hydrogel microbeads 68:94 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 24694569 8 1 theme initial 1436:1442 arg1 solution 1444:1451 the initial solution 1432:1451 the initial solution 1432:1451 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 6 2 theme solution 1052:1059 arg1 concentration 973:985 the concentration 969:985 the concentration of the base material 969:1006 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 2 theme solution 1052:1059 arg1 viscosity 1035:1043 the viscosity 1031:1043 varying the viscosity of the solution 1023:1059 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 2 theme solution 1052:1059 arg1 alginate 1009:1016 alginate 1009:1016 alginate 1009:1016 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 7 3 theme composite 1298:1306 arg1 microbeads 1308:1317 composite microbeads 1298:1317 composite microbeads 1298:1317 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 9 4 theme biomedical 1718:1727 arg1 applications 1729:1740 many biomedical applications 1713:1740 many biomedical applications 1713:1740 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 2 5 theme small 336:340 arg1 range 342:346 a small range 334:346 a small range of materials or sizes 334:368 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 9 6 dep Sphyga 1541:1546 arg1 parameters 1567:1576 multiple working parameters 1550:1576 Sphyga's multiple working parameters 1541:1576 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 4 7 theme tailored 750:757 arg1 microbeads 759:768 tailored microbeads 750:768 tailored microbeads 750:768 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 6 8 theme external 1118:1125 arg1 pressure 1131:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 8 theme external 1118:1125 arg1 parameters 1093:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters 1072:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow) 1072:1161 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 3 9 theme predictable 526:536 arg1 shapes 538:543 predictable shapes 526:543 predictable shapes 526:543 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 0 10 theme hydrogel 76:83 arg1 microbeads 85:94 tunable hydrogel microbeads 68:94 tunable hydrogel microbeads 68:94 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 24694569 4 11 theme working 715:721 arg1 conditions 723:732 working conditions 715:732 working conditions 715:732 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 3 12 with microbeads 510:519 arg1 diameters 549:557 diameters 549:557 diameters 549:557 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 12 with microbeads 510:519 arg1 shapes 538:543 predictable shapes 526:543 predictable shapes 526:543 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 2 13 theme controlled 280:289 arg1 shapes 291:296 controlled shapes 280:296 controlled shapes 280:296 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 5 14 theme hydrogel 829:836 arg1 parameters 817:826 the different fabrication parameters 791:826 the different fabrication parameters 791:826 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 5 14 theme hydrogel 829:836 arg1 beads 838:842 hydrogel beads 829:842 hydrogel beads with chosen shapes 829:861 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 5 15 theme fabrication 805:815 arg1 parameters 817:826 the different fabrication parameters 791:826 the different fabrication parameters 791:826 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 5 15 theme fabrication 805:815 arg1 beads 838:842 hydrogel beads 829:842 hydrogel beads with chosen shapes 829:861 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 3 16 theme microbeads 510:519 arg1 fabrication 460:470 the fabrication 456:470 the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 456:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 17 theme source 398:403 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 17 theme source 398:403 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 18 theme spherical 414:422 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 18 theme spherical 414:422 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 19 theme compact 385:391 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 19 theme compact 385:391 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 6 20 theme base 994:997 arg1 material 999:1006 the base material 990:1006 the base material 990:1006 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 3 21 theme hydrogel 424:431 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 21 theme hydrogel 424:431 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 4 22 theme wide 701:704 arg1 range 706:710 a wide range 699:710 a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads 699:768 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 2 23 theme sizes 364:368 arg1 range 342:346 a small range 334:346 a small range of materials or sizes 334:368 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 9 24 theme hydrogel 1623:1630 arg1 domains 1632:1638 hydrogel domains 1623:1638 hydrogel domains 1623:1638 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 1 25 used used 121:124 arg2 microbeads 106:115 Hydrogel microbeads 97:115 Hydrogel microbeads 97:115 Hydrogel microbeads are used in many biological applications, particularly for cell, protein or drug encapsulation. 24694569 4 26 theme conditions 723:732 arg1 range 706:710 a wide range 699:710 a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads 699:768 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 3 27 theme tool-the 405:412 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 27 theme tool-the 405:412 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 0 28 theme multiparameter 10:23 arg1 tool 37:40 a multiparameter open source tool 8:40 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 0:95 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 24694569 6 29 dep parameters 1093:1102 arg1 size 1112:1115 needle size 1105:1115 needle size 1105:1115 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 29 dep parameters 1093:1102 arg1 outflow 1154:1160 material outflow 1145:1160 material outflow 1145:1160 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 29 dep parameters 1093:1102 arg1 pressure 1131:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 29 dep parameters 1093:1102 arg1 parameters 1093:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters 1072:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow) 1072:1161 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 9 30 theme material 1579:1586 arg1 viscosity 1588:1596 material viscosity 1579:1596 material viscosity 1579:1596 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 9 31 theme multiple 1550:1557 arg1 parameters 1567:1576 multiple working parameters 1550:1576 Sphyga's multiple working parameters 1541:1576 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 6 32 theme needle 1105:1110 arg1 size 1112:1115 needle size 1105:1115 needle size 1105:1115 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 32 theme needle 1105:1110 arg1 parameters 1093:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters 1072:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow) 1072:1161 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 5 33 theme different 795:803 arg1 parameters 817:826 the different fabrication parameters 791:826 the different fabrication parameters 791:826 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 5 33 theme different 795:803 arg1 beads 838:842 hydrogel beads 829:842 hydrogel beads with chosen shapes 829:861 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 6 34 theme air 1127:1129 arg1 pressure 1131:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 34 theme air 1127:1129 arg1 parameters 1093:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters 1072:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow) 1072:1161 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 1 35 theme Hydrogel 97:104 arg1 microbeads 106:115 Hydrogel microbeads 97:115 Hydrogel microbeads 97:115 Hydrogel microbeads are used in many biological applications, particularly for cell, protein or drug encapsulation. 24694569 3 36 theme hydrogel 495:502 arg1 microbeads 510:519 highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads 475:519 highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 475:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 0 37 theme source 30:35 arg1 tool 37:40 a multiparameter open source tool 8:40 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 0:95 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 24694569 6 38 theme multiparameter 916:929 arg1 working-window 931:944 A multiparameter working-window 914:944 A multiparameter working-window 914:944 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 9 39 dep tune 1618:1621 arg1 generate 1652:1659 generate 1652:1659 generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications 1652:1740 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 5 40 theme chosen 849:854 arg1 shapes 856:861 chosen shapes 849:861 chosen shapes 849:861 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 1 41 theme drug 193:196 arg1 encapsulation 198:210 drug encapsulation 193:210 drug encapsulation 193:210 Hydrogel microbeads are used in many biological applications, particularly for cell, protein or drug encapsulation. 24694569 0 42 theme open 25:28 arg1 tool 37:40 a multiparameter open source tool 8:40 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 0:95 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 24694569 8 43 theme solution 1518:1525 arg1 composition 1494:1504 composition 1494:1504 composition 1494:1504 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 8 43 theme solution 1518:1525 arg1 pH 1487:1488 pH 1487:1488 pH 1487:1488 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 3 44 theme open 393:396 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 44 theme open 393:396 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 7 45 used used 1280:1283 arg2 proteins 1230:1237 proteins 1230:1237 proteins 1230:1237 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 7 45 used used 1280:1283 arg2 nanoparticles 1256:1268 nanoparticles 1256:1268 nanoparticles 1256:1268 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 7 45 used used 1280:1283 arg2 dyes 1247:1250 dyes 1247:1250 dyes 1247:1250 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 7 45 used used 1280:1283 arg2 components 1211:1220 components 1211:1220 components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles 1211:1268 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 7 45 used used 1280:1283 arg2 cells 1240:1244 cells 1240:1244 cells 1240:1244 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 4 46 theme system 614:619 arg1 ability 628:634 the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads 624:768 the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads 624:768 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 4 46 theme system 614:619 arg1 feature 599:605 The unique feature 588:605 The unique feature of the system 588:619 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 8 47 theme alginate 1509:1516 arg1 solution 1518:1525 alginate solution 1509:1525 alginate solution 1509:1525 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 9 48 theme complex 1661:1667 arg1 microenvironments 1691:1707 complex biologically relevant microenvironments 1661:1707 complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications 1661:1740 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 9 49 used used 1610:1613 arg2 viscosity 1588:1596 material viscosity 1579:1596 material viscosity 1579:1596 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 6 50 theme varying 1023:1029 arg1 viscosity 1035:1043 the viscosity 1031:1043 varying the viscosity of the solution 1023:1059 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 7 51 theme working 1195:1201 arg1 window 1203:1208 the multiparameter working window 1176:1208 the multiparameter working window 1176:1208 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 8 52 theme microbeads 1371:1380 arg1 architecture 1346:1357 the architecture 1342:1357 the architecture of hydrogel microbeads 1342:1380 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 3 53 theme reproducible 482:493 arg1 microbeads 510:519 highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads 475:519 highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 475:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 6 54 theme fabrication 1081:1091 arg1 size 1112:1115 needle size 1105:1115 needle size 1105:1115 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 54 theme fabrication 1081:1091 arg1 outflow 1154:1160 material outflow 1145:1160 material outflow 1145:1160 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 54 theme fabrication 1081:1091 arg1 pressure 1131:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 external air pressure 1118:1138 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 54 theme fabrication 1081:1091 arg1 parameters 1093:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters 1072:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow) 1072:1161 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 8 55 theme hydrogel 1362:1369 arg1 microbeads 1371:1380 hydrogel microbeads 1362:1380 hydrogel microbeads 1362:1380 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 0 56 dep Sphyga 0:5 arg1 tool 37:40 a multiparameter open source tool 8:40 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 0:95 Sphyga: a multiparameter open source tool for fabricating smart and tunable hydrogel microbeads. 24694569 9 57 theme relevant 1682:1689 arg1 microenvironments 1691:1707 complex biologically relevant microenvironments 1661:1707 complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications 1661:1740 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 1 58 theme many 129:132 arg1 applications 145:156 many biological applications 129:156 many biological applications 129:156 Hydrogel microbeads are used in many biological applications, particularly for cell, protein or drug encapsulation. 24694569 2 59 theme fabricating 252:262 arg1 microbeads 264:273 fabricating microbeads 252:273 fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions 252:311 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 4 60 theme multiple 648:655 arg1 parameters 657:666 multiple parameters 648:666 multiple parameters 648:666 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 3 61 theme -for 451:454 arg1 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 Sphyga 444:449 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 61 theme -for 451:454 arg1 generator 433:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator 383:441 a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 383:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 6 62 theme material 999:1006 arg1 concentration 973:985 the concentration 969:985 the concentration of the base material 969:1006 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 62 theme material 999:1006 arg1 viscosity 1035:1043 the viscosity 1031:1043 varying the viscosity of the solution 1023:1059 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 62 theme material 999:1006 arg1 alginate 1009:1016 alginate 1009:1016 alginate 1009:1016 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 5 63 with beads 838:842 arg1 shapes 856:861 chosen shapes 849:861 chosen shapes 849:861 Hence, by combining the different fabrication parameters, hydrogel beads with chosen shapes, sizes and materials can be generated with Sphyga. 24694569 3 64 dep -for 451:454 arg1 fabrication 460:470 the fabrication 456:470 the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 456:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 3 65 theme based 504:508 arg1 microbeads 510:519 highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads 475:519 highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm 475:585 We describe a compact open source tool-the spherical hydrogel generator (Sphyga)-for the fabrication of highly reproducible hydrogel based microbeads with predictable shapes and diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 µm. 24694569 2 66 with microbeads 264:273 arg1 dimensions 302:311 dimensions 302:311 dimensions 302:311 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 2 66 with microbeads 264:273 arg1 shapes 291:296 controlled shapes 280:296 controlled shapes 280:296 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 8 67 dep pH 1487:1488 arg1 the 1483:1485 the 1483:1485 the 1483:1485 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 6 68 theme material 1145:1152 arg1 outflow 1154:1160 material outflow 1145:1160 material outflow 1145:1160 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 6 68 theme material 1145:1152 arg1 parameters 1093:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters 1072:1102 Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow) 1072:1161 A multiparameter working-window was obtained by fixing the concentration of the base material, alginate, and varying the viscosity of the solution along with Sphyga's fabrication parameters (needle size, external air pressure, and material outflow). 24694569 9 69 theme working 1559:1565 arg1 parameters 1567:1576 multiple working parameters 1550:1576 Sphyga's multiple working parameters 1541:1576 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 2 70 theme materials 351:359 arg1 range 342:346 a small range 334:346 a small range of materials or sizes 334:368 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 9 71 theme many 1713:1716 arg1 applications 1729:1740 many biomedical applications 1713:1740 many biomedical applications 1713:1740 Coupled with Sphyga's multiple working parameters, material viscosity can then be used to tune hydrogel domains and thereby generate complex biologically relevant microenvironments for many biomedical applications. 24694569 8 72 theme solution 1444:1451 arg1 viscosity 1419:1427 the viscosity 1415:1427 the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution 1415:1525 The results show that the architecture of hydrogel microbeads can be engineered by considering the viscosity of the initial solution, which depends principally on the pH and composition of alginate solution. 24694569 2 73 theme several 232:238 arg1 methods 240:246 several methods 232:246 several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions 232:311 Although there are several methods for fabricating microbeads with controlled shapes and dimensions, many are limited to a small range of materials or sizes. 24694569 1 74 theme biological 134:143 arg1 applications 145:156 many biological applications 129:156 many biological applications 129:156 Hydrogel microbeads are used in many biological applications, particularly for cell, protein or drug encapsulation. 24694569 7 75 theme multiparameter 1180:1193 arg1 window 1203:1208 the multiparameter working window 1176:1208 the multiparameter working window 1176:1208 To validate the multiparameter working window, components such as proteins, cells, dyes and nanoparticles were also used to fabricate composite microbeads. 24694569 4 76 theme unique 592:597 arg1 ability 628:634 the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads 624:768 the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads 624:768 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 24694569 4 76 theme unique 592:597 arg1 feature 599:605 The unique feature 588:605 The unique feature of the system 588:619 The unique feature of the system is the ability to modulate multiple parameters independently, so as to create a wide range of working conditions for fabricating tailored microbeads. 26320548 6 0 theme low 939:941 arg1 tablets 948:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 7 1 theme drug 1034:1037 arg1 release 1039:1045 drug release 1034:1045 drug release 1034:1045 Notably, with HPMC DC2 the processing conditions had a significant effect on drug release. 26320548 9 2 theme process 1249:1255 arg1 parameters 1257:1266 balancing process parameters 1239:1266 balancing process parameters 1239:1266 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 1 3 theme continuous 138:147 arg1 mixing 160:165 continuous dry powder mixing 138:165 continuous dry powder mixing 138:165 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 6 4 theme high 926:929 arg1 tablets 948:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 0 5 theme direct 75:80 arg1 compression 82:92 direct compression 75:92 direct compression 75:92 Continuous manufacturing of extended release tablets via powder mixing and direct compression. 26320548 8 6 dep Longer 1048:1053 arg1 time 1066:1069 processing time 1055:1069 processing time 1055:1069 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 1 7 theme dry 149:151 arg1 mixing 160:165 continuous dry powder mixing 138:165 continuous dry powder mixing 138:165 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 1 8 theme matrix 233:238 arg1 tablets 240:246 extended release (ER) matrix tablets 211:246 extended release (ER) matrix tablets 211:246 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 8 9 theme faster 1078:1083 arg1 speed 1091:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed 1048:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed 1048:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 10 10 theme pivotal 1363:1369 arg1 means 1371:1375 a pivotal means 1361:1375 a pivotal means for control of continuous manufacturing systems 1361:1423 Also, adaptive control is proven a pivotal means for control of continuous manufacturing systems. 26320548 5 11 theme HPMC 840:843 arg1 DC2 845:847 HPMC DC2 840:847 HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow 840:871 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 1 12 theme tablets 240:246 arg1 manufacturing 194:206 manufacturing 194:206 manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets 194:246 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 8 13 contain containing 1187:1196 arg2 CR 1198:1199 CR 1198:1199 CR 1198:1199 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 8 13 contain containing 1187:1196 arg1 those 1181:1185 those 1181:1185 those 1181:1185 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 3 14 theme developed 510:518 arg1 DC2 547:549 DC2 547:549 DC2 547:549 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 3 14 theme developed 510:518 arg1 grade 540:544 direct compressible grade 520:544 a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2) 499:550 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 3 15 theme grade 467:471 arg1 HPMC 473:476 Standard grade HPMC 458:476 Standard grade HPMC (CR) 458:481 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 3 15 theme grade 467:471 arg1 CR 479:480 CR 479:480 CR 479:480 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 4 16 theme continuous 659:668 arg1 mixing 670:675 integrated continuous mixing 648:675 integrated continuous mixing 648:675 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 4 17 theme direct 681:686 arg1 compression 688:698 direct compression 681:698 direct compression 681:698 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 10 18 theme manufacturing 1403:1415 arg1 systems 1417:1423 continuous manufacturing systems 1392:1423 continuous manufacturing systems 1392:1423 Also, adaptive control is proven a pivotal means for control of continuous manufacturing systems. 26320548 5 19 theme mixer 790:794 arg1 speed 796:800 high mixer speed 785:800 high mixer speed 785:800 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 5 20 theme powder 861:866 arg1 flow 868:871 good powder flow 856:871 good powder flow 856:871 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 1 21 theme powder 153:158 arg1 mixing 160:165 continuous dry powder mixing 138:165 continuous dry powder mixing 138:165 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 5 22 theme tablet 717:722 arg1 quality 724:730 The most robust tablet quality 701:730 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) 701:764 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 9 23 theme balancing 1239:1247 arg1 parameters 1257:1266 balancing process parameters 1239:1266 balancing process parameters 1239:1266 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 7 24 theme significant 1012:1022 arg1 effect 1024:1029 a significant effect 1010:1029 a significant effect 1010:1029 Notably, with HPMC DC2 the processing conditions had a significant effect on drug release. 26320548 7 25 theme processing 984:993 arg1 conditions 995:1004 the processing conditions 980:1004 the processing conditions 980:1004 Notably, with HPMC DC2 the processing conditions had a significant effect on drug release. 26320548 0 26 theme Continuous 0:9 arg1 manufacturing 11:23 Continuous manufacturing 0:23 Continuous manufacturing of extended release 0:43 Continuous manufacturing of extended release tablets via powder mixing and direct compression. 26320548 5 27 theme particle 812:819 arg1 size 821:824 large particle size 806:824 large particle size 806:824 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 2 28 theme methylcellulose 434:448 arg1 amount 392:397 a relatively low amount 375:397 a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 375:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 28 theme methylcellulose 434:448 arg1 size 366:369 varying particle size 349:369 varying particle size 349:369 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 28 theme methylcellulose 434:448 arg1 methylcellulose 434:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 402:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 402:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 28 theme methylcellulose 434:448 arg1 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 8 29 theme processing 1055:1064 arg1 time 1066:1069 processing time 1055:1069 processing time 1055:1069 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 8 30 contain containing 1152:1161 arg2 DC2 1163:1165 DC2 1163:1165 DC2 1163:1165 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 8 30 contain containing 1152:1161 arg1 compositions 1139:1150 compositions 1139:1150 compositions containing DC2 1139:1165 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 2 31 theme challenging 279:289 arg1 design 303:308 a challenging formulation design 277:308 a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 277:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 32 theme hydroxypropyl 420:432 arg1 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 32 theme hydroxypropyl 420:432 arg1 methylcellulose 434:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 402:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 402:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 9 33 theme parameters 1257:1266 arg1 importance 1225:1234 the importance 1221:1234 the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality 1221:1325 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 4 34 with tablets 582:588 arg1 attributes 611:620 desired quality attributes 595:620 desired quality attributes 595:620 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 5 35 theme large 806:810 arg1 size 821:824 large particle size 806:824 large particle size 806:824 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 1 36 theme direct 171:176 arg1 compression 178:188 direct compression 171:188 direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets 171:246 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 0 37 theme extended 28:35 arg1 release 37:43 extended release 28:43 extended release 28:43 Continuous manufacturing of extended release tablets via powder mixing and direct compression. 26320548 8 38 theme mixer 1085:1089 arg1 speed 1091:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed 1048:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed 1048:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 10 39 theme adaptive 1334:1341 arg1 control 1343:1349 adaptive control 1334:1349 adaptive control 1334:1349 Also, adaptive control is proven a pivotal means for control of continuous manufacturing systems. 26320548 3 40 theme direct 520:525 arg1 DC2 547:549 DC2 547:549 DC2 547:549 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 3 40 theme direct 520:525 arg1 grade 540:544 direct compressible grade 520:544 a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2) 499:550 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 5 41 theme high 785:788 arg1 speed 796:800 high mixer speed 785:800 high mixer speed 785:800 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 2 42 theme matrix 406:411 arg1 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 42 theme matrix 406:411 arg1 methylcellulose 434:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 402:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 402:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 7 43 theme HPMC 971:974 arg1 DC2 976:978 HPMC DC2 971:978 HPMC DC2 971:978 Notably, with HPMC DC2 the processing conditions had a significant effect on drug release. 26320548 6 44 from speed 887:891 arg1 difficult 905:913 difficult 905:913 difficult 905:913 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 3 45 theme compressible 527:538 arg1 DC2 547:549 DC2 547:549 DC2 547:549 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 3 45 theme compressible 527:538 arg1 grade 540:544 direct compressible grade 520:544 a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2) 499:550 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 4 46 theme integrated 648:657 arg1 mixing 670:675 integrated continuous mixing 648:675 integrated continuous mixing 648:675 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 5 47 theme good 856:859 arg1 flow 868:871 good powder flow 856:871 good powder flow 856:871 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 5 48 dep quality 724:730 arg1 assay 741:745 assay 741:745 assay 741:745 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 5 48 dep quality 724:730 arg1 strength 756:763 tensile strength 748:763 tensile strength 748:763 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 5 48 dep quality 724:730 arg1 weight 733:738 weight 733:738 weight 733:738 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 4 49 theme quality 603:609 arg1 attributes 611:620 desired quality attributes 595:620 desired quality attributes 595:620 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 0 50 theme release 37:43 arg1 manufacturing 11:23 Continuous manufacturing 0:23 Continuous manufacturing of extended release 0:43 Continuous manufacturing of extended release tablets via powder mixing and direct compression. 26320548 6 51 theme mixer 881:885 arg1 speed 887:891 low mixer speed 877:891 low mixer speed 877:891 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 8 52 theme robust 1119:1124 arg1 release 1126:1132 robust release 1119:1132 robust release 1119:1132 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 2 53 theme former 413:418 arg1 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 53 theme former 413:418 arg1 methylcellulose 434:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 402:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 402:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 54 theme low 388:390 arg1 amount 392:397 a relatively low amount 375:397 a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 375:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 54 theme low 388:390 arg1 methylcellulose 434:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 402:448 the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 402:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 2 54 theme low 388:390 arg1 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 HPMC 451:454 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 0 55 theme powder 57:62 arg1 mixing 64:69 powder mixing 57:69 powder mixing 57:69 Continuous manufacturing of extended release tablets via powder mixing and direct compression. 26320548 6 56 theme low 877:879 arg1 speed 887:891 low mixer speed 877:891 low mixer speed 877:891 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 2 57 theme ibuprofen 321:329 arg1 compositions 331:342 ibuprofen compositions 321:342 ibuprofen compositions 321:342 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 10 58 theme systems 1417:1423 arg1 control 1381:1387 control 1381:1387 control of continuous manufacturing systems 1381:1423 Also, adaptive control is proven a pivotal means for control of continuous manufacturing systems. 26320548 9 59 theme consistent 1300:1309 arg1 quality 1319:1325 consistent product quality 1300:1325 consistent product quality 1300:1325 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 3 60 theme Standard 458:465 arg1 HPMC 473:476 Standard grade HPMC 458:476 Standard grade HPMC (CR) 458:481 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 3 60 theme Standard 458:465 arg1 CR 479:480 CR 479:480 CR 479:480 Standard grade HPMC (CR) was compared to a recently developed direct compressible grade (DC2). 26320548 10 61 theme continuous 1392:1401 arg1 systems 1417:1423 continuous manufacturing systems 1392:1423 continuous manufacturing systems 1392:1423 Also, adaptive control is proven a pivotal means for control of continuous manufacturing systems. 26320548 1 62 theme current 110:116 arg1 work 118:121 the current work 106:121 the current work 106:121 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 7 63 contain had 1006:1008 arg1 conditions 995:1004 the processing conditions 980:1004 the processing conditions 980:1004 Notably, with HPMC DC2 the processing conditions had a significant effect on drug release. 26320548 7 63 contain had 1006:1008 arg2 effect 1024:1029 a significant effect 1010:1029 a significant effect 1010:1029 Notably, with HPMC DC2 the processing conditions had a significant effect on drug release. 26320548 9 64 theme product 1311:1317 arg1 quality 1319:1325 consistent product quality 1300:1325 consistent product quality 1300:1325 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 9 65 theme material 1272:1279 arg1 properties 1281:1290 material properties 1272:1290 material properties 1272:1290 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 5 66 dep speed 796:800 arg1 ibuprofen 826:834 ibuprofen 826:834 ibuprofen 826:834 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 6 67 theme dose 943:946 arg1 tablets 948:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 1 68 theme work 118:121 arg1 aim 99:101 The aim 95:101 The aim of the current work 95:121 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 1 69 theme extended 211:218 arg1 ER 229:230 ER 229:230 ER 229:230 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 1 69 theme extended 211:218 arg1 release 220:226 extended release 211:226 extended release (ER) matrix tablets 211:246 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 2 70 theme formulation 291:301 arg1 design 303:308 a challenging formulation design 277:308 a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 277:455 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 1 71 theme release 220:226 arg1 tablets 240:246 extended release (ER) matrix tablets 211:246 extended release (ER) matrix tablets 211:246 The aim of the current work was to explore continuous dry powder mixing and direct compression for manufacturing of extended release (ER) matrix tablets. 26320548 8 72 theme Longer 1048:1053 arg1 speed 1091:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed 1048:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed 1048:1095 Longer processing time and/or faster mixer speed was needed to achieve robust release with compositions containing DC2 compared with those containing CR. 26320548 4 73 theme desired 595:601 arg1 attributes 611:620 desired quality attributes 595:620 desired quality attributes 595:620 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 2 74 theme particle 357:364 arg1 size 366:369 varying particle size 349:369 varying particle size 349:369 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 9 75 theme properties 1281:1290 arg1 importance 1225:1234 the importance 1221:1234 the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality 1221:1325 This work confirms the importance of balancing process parameters and material properties to find consistent product quality. 26320548 4 76 theme ER 579:580 arg1 tablets 582:588 ER tablets 579:588 ER tablets with desired quality attributes 579:620 The work demonstrate that ER tablets with desired quality attributes could be manufactured via integrated continuous mixing and direct compression. 26320548 5 77 theme tensile 748:754 arg1 strength 756:763 tensile strength 748:763 tensile strength 748:763 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 5 77 theme tensile 748:754 arg1 weight 733:738 weight 733:738 weight 733:738 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 26320548 6 78 theme quality 931:937 arg1 tablets 948:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 high quality low dose tablets 926:954 At low mixer speed it was more difficult to achieve high quality low dose tablets. 26320548 2 79 theme varying 349:355 arg1 size 366:369 varying particle size 349:369 varying particle size 349:369 The study was span out with a challenging formulation design comprising ibuprofen compositions with varying particle size and a relatively low amount of the matrix former hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). 26320548 5 80 theme robust 710:715 arg1 quality 724:730 The most robust tablet quality 701:730 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) 701:764 The most robust tablet quality (weight, assay, tensile strength) was obtained using high mixer speed and large particle size ibuprofen and HPMC DC2 due to good powder flow. 27545514 7 0 theme multiple 746:753 arg1 compositions 767:778 multiple formulation compositions 746:778 multiple formulation compositions 746:778 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 6 1 dep type 583:586 arg1 The 579:581 The 579:581 The 579:581 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 14 2 theme therapeutic 1781:1791 arg1 proteins 1793:1800 therapeutic proteins 1781:1800 therapeutic proteins 1781:1800 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 7 3 theme model 728:732 arg1 proteins 734:741 four therapeutic model proteins 711:741 four therapeutic model proteins 711:741 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 7 4 theme formulation 755:765 arg1 compositions 767:778 multiple formulation compositions 746:778 multiple formulation compositions 746:778 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 8 5 theme solubility 1005:1014 arg1 data 1016:1019 actual solubility data 998:1019 actual solubility data for all tested formulations 998:1047 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 7 6 theme apparent 838:845 arg1 behaviour 858:866 apparent solubility behaviour 838:866 apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements 838:920 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 7 7 theme proteins 734:741 arg1 Interactions 695:706 Interactions 695:706 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions 695:778 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 4 8 theme light 440:444 arg1 scattering 446:455 static light scattering 433:455 static light scattering 433:455 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 9 9 theme protein 1146:1152 arg1 point 1126:1130 the isoelectric point 1110:1130 the isoelectric point of each model protein 1110:1152 Protein solubility was found to be lowest at pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein. 27545514 8 10 theme actual 998:1003 arg1 data 1016:1019 actual solubility data 998:1019 actual solubility data for all tested formulations 998:1047 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 12 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1418:1428 arg1 tool 1479:1482 a powerful tool 1468:1482 a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development 1468:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 12 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1418:1428 arg1 procedure 1455:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 11 12 theme protein 1317:1323 arg1 solubility 1325:1334 protein solubility 1317:1334 protein solubility 1317:1334 In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility. 27545514 1 13 theme OBJECTIVE 92:100 arg1 Solubility 102:111 OBJECTIVE Solubility 92:111 OBJECTIVE Solubility 92:111 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 8 14 theme KEY 923:925 arg1 FINDINGS 927:934 KEY FINDINGS 923:934 KEY FINDINGS 923:934 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 9 15 theme pH 1095:1096 arg1 values 1098:1103 pH values 1095:1103 pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein 1095:1152 Protein solubility was found to be lowest at pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein. 27545514 7 16 theme therapeutic 716:726 arg1 proteins 734:741 four therapeutic model proteins 711:741 four therapeutic model proteins 711:741 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 14 17 from influence 1716:1724 arg1 solubility 1767:1776 apparent solubility 1758:1776 apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins 1758:1800 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 13 18 theme reliable 1593:1600 arg1 prediction 1602:1611 reliable prediction 1593:1611 reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions 1593:1680 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 12 19 theme screening 1445:1453 arg1 tool 1479:1482 a powerful tool 1468:1482 a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development 1468:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 12 19 theme screening 1445:1453 arg1 procedure 1455:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 6 20 theme maximum 632:638 arg1 solubility 648:657 maximum protein solubility 632:657 maximum protein solubility 632:657 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 14 21 theme proteins 1793:1800 arg1 solubility 1767:1776 apparent solubility 1758:1776 apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins 1758:1800 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 14 22 theme rare 1696:1699 arg1 data 1701:1704 rare data 1696:1704 rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins 1696:1800 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 11 23 theme glycine 1300:1306 arg1 sucrose 1258:1264 sucrose 1258:1264 sucrose 1258:1264 In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility. 27545514 11 23 theme glycine 1300:1306 arg1 combination 1272:1282 a combination 1270:1282 a combination of arginine and glycine 1270:1306 In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility. 27545514 4 24 dep METHODS 362:368 arg1 presents 380:387 presents 380:387 presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF 380:503 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 12 25 theme introduced 1434:1443 arg1 tool 1479:1482 a powerful tool 1468:1482 a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development 1468:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 12 25 theme introduced 1434:1443 arg1 procedure 1455:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 13 26 theme protein 1661:1667 arg1 interactions 1669:1680 protein interactions 1661:1680 protein interactions 1661:1680 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 10 27 theme protein 1225:1231 arg1 solubility 1233:1242 protein solubility 1225:1242 protein solubility 1225:1242 Buffer salts and ionic strength were also found to strongly influence protein solubility. 27545514 4 28 theme material-saving 402:416 arg1 approach 418:425 a simple and material-saving approach 389:425 a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF 389:503 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 11 29 theme protein 1398:1404 arg1 solubility 1406:1415 protein solubility 1398:1415 protein solubility 1398:1415 In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility. 27545514 13 30 theme interactions 1669:1680 arg1 determination 1644:1656 determination 1644:1656 determination of protein interactions 1644:1680 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 0 31 theme Low-volume 0:9 arg1 solubility 11:20 Low-volume solubility 0:20 Low-volume solubility 0:20 Low-volume solubility assessment during high-concentration protein formulation development. 27545514 4 32 theme static 433:438 arg1 scattering 446:455 static light scattering 433:455 static light scattering 433:455 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 12 33 theme formulation 1507:1517 arg1 development 1519:1529 (early) protein formulation development 1491:1529 (early) protein formulation development 1491:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 6 34 theme formulation 669:679 arg1 compositions 681:692 actual formulation compositions 662:692 actual formulation compositions 662:692 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 13 35 theme several 1541:1547 arg1 requirements 1549:1560 several requirements 1541:1560 several requirements of HCF development 1541:1579 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 3 36 theme low-volume 312:321 arg1 approaches 338:347 low-volume and predictive approaches 312:347 low-volume and predictive approaches 312:347 Therefore, low-volume and predictive approaches are desired. 27545514 12 37 theme early 1492:1496 arg1 development 1519:1529 (early) protein formulation development 1491:1529 (early) protein formulation development 1491:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 13 38 theme solubility 1624:1633 arg1 prediction 1602:1611 reliable prediction 1593:1611 reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions 1593:1680 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 6 39 theme actual 662:667 arg1 compositions 681:692 actual formulation compositions 662:692 actual formulation compositions 662:692 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 13 40 theme development 1569:1579 arg1 requirements 1549:1560 several requirements 1541:1560 several requirements of HCF development 1541:1579 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 7 41 theme deduced 803:809 arg1 solubility 811:820 deduced solubility 803:820 deduced solubility 803:820 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 11 42 theme arginine 1287:1294 arg1 sucrose 1258:1264 sucrose 1258:1264 sucrose 1258:1264 In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility. 27545514 11 42 theme arginine 1287:1294 arg1 combination 1272:1282 a combination 1270:1282 a combination of arginine and glycine 1270:1306 In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility. 27545514 13 43 theme HCF 1565:1567 arg1 development 1569:1579 HCF development 1565:1579 HCF development 1565:1579 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 0 44 theme protein 59:65 arg1 development 79:89 high-concentration protein formulation development 40:89 high-concentration protein formulation development 40:89 Low-volume solubility assessment during high-concentration protein formulation development. 27545514 4 45 theme HCF 501:503 arg1 behaviour 488:496 non-ideal solution behaviour 469:496 non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF 469:503 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 2 46 theme high 276:279 arg1 material 291:298 material 291:298 material 291:298 Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. 27545514 2 46 theme high 276:279 arg1 amount 281:286 high amount 276:286 high amount of material 276:298 Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. 27545514 5 47 theme protein-protein 537:551 arg1 interactions 553:564 protein-protein interactions 537:564 protein-protein interactions in solution 537:576 Non-ideality can be related to protein-protein interactions in solution. 27545514 0 48 theme high-concentration 40:57 arg1 development 79:89 high-concentration protein formulation development 40:89 high-concentration protein formulation development 40:89 Low-volume solubility assessment during high-concentration protein formulation development. 27545514 10 49 theme Buffer 1155:1160 arg1 salts 1162:1166 Buffer salts 1155:1166 Buffer salts 1155:1166 Buffer salts and ionic strength were also found to strongly influence protein solubility. 27545514 9 50 theme isoelectric 1114:1124 arg1 point 1126:1130 the isoelectric point 1110:1130 the isoelectric point of each model protein 1110:1152 Protein solubility was found to be lowest at pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein. 27545514 6 51 theme protein 640:646 arg1 solubility 648:657 maximum protein solubility 632:657 maximum protein solubility 632:657 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 7 52 theme content 901:907 arg1 measurements 909:920 ether turbidity or content measurements 882:920 measurements 909:920 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 7 53 from compositions 767:778 arg1 Interactions 695:706 Interactions 695:706 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions 695:778 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 12 54 theme protein 1499:1505 arg1 development 1519:1529 (early) protein formulation development 1491:1529 (early) protein formulation development 1491:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 9 55 theme Protein 1050:1056 arg1 solubility 1058:1067 Protein solubility 1050:1067 Protein solubility 1050:1067 Protein solubility was found to be lowest at pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein. 27545514 1 56 theme limiting 133:140 arg1 factors 142:148 the limiting factors 129:148 the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development 129:209 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 0 57 theme formulation 67:77 arg1 development 79:89 high-concentration protein formulation development 40:89 high-concentration protein formulation development 40:89 Low-volume solubility assessment during high-concentration protein formulation development. 27545514 7 58 theme ether 882:886 arg1 turbidity 888:896 ether turbidity or content measurements 882:920 turbidity 888:896 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 9 59 theme model 1140:1144 arg1 protein 1146:1152 each model protein 1135:1152 each model protein 1135:1152 Protein solubility was found to be lowest at pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein. 27545514 4 60 theme solution 479:486 arg1 behaviour 488:496 non-ideal solution behaviour 469:496 non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF 469:503 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 4 61 theme non-ideal 469:477 arg1 behaviour 488:496 non-ideal solution behaviour 469:496 non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF 469:503 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 14 62 theme apparent 1758:1765 arg1 solubility 1767:1776 apparent solubility 1758:1776 apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins 1758:1800 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 1 63 theme factors 142:148 arg1 one 122:124 one 122:124 one 122:124 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 1 63 theme factors 142:148 arg1 factors 142:148 the limiting factors 129:148 the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development 129:209 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 3 64 theme predictive 327:336 arg1 approaches 338:347 low-volume and predictive approaches 312:347 low-volume and predictive approaches 312:347 Therefore, low-volume and predictive approaches are desired. 27545514 2 65 theme solubility 237:246 arg1 Determination 212:224 Determination 212:224 Determination of protein solubility 212:246 Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. 27545514 12 66 theme powerful 1470:1477 arg1 tool 1479:1482 a powerful tool 1468:1482 a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development 1468:1529 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 12 66 theme powerful 1470:1477 arg1 procedure 1455:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 The introduced screening procedure 1430:1463 CONCLUSIONS The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. 27545514 4 67 theme simple 391:396 arg1 approach 418:425 a simple and material-saving approach 389:425 a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF 389:503 METHODS This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. 27545514 8 68 theme Protein-protein 936:950 arg1 interactions 952:963 Protein-protein interactions 936:963 Protein-protein interactions 936:963 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 2 69 theme protein 229:235 arg1 solubility 237:246 protein solubility 229:246 protein solubility 229:246 Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. 27545514 2 70 theme material 291:298 arg1 material 291:298 material 291:298 material 291:298 Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. 27545514 2 70 theme material 291:298 arg1 amount 281:286 high amount 276:286 high amount of material 276:298 Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. 27545514 14 71 theme excipients 1744:1753 arg1 influence 1716:1724 the influence 1712:1724 the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins 1712:1800 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 1 72 theme high-concentration 154:171 arg1 formulation 181:191 high-concentration protein formulation 154:191 high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development 154:209 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 1 72 theme high-concentration 154:171 arg1 HCF 194:196 HCF 194:196 HCF 194:196 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 8 73 theme deduced 969:975 arg1 solubilities 977:988 deduced solubilities 969:988 deduced solubilities 969:988 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 8 74 theme tested 1029:1034 arg1 formulations 1036:1047 all tested formulations 1025:1047 all tested formulations 1025:1047 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 10 75 theme ionic 1172:1176 arg1 strength 1178:1185 ionic strength 1172:1185 ionic strength 1172:1185 Buffer salts and ionic strength were also found to strongly influence protein solubility. 27545514 5 76 from interactions 553:564 arg1 solution 569:576 solution 569:576 solution 569:576 Non-ideality can be related to protein-protein interactions in solution. 27545514 14 77 theme common 1737:1742 arg1 excipients 1744:1753 several common excipients 1729:1753 several common excipients 1729:1753 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 1 78 theme protein 173:179 arg1 formulation 181:191 high-concentration protein formulation 154:191 high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development 154:209 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 1 78 theme protein 173:179 arg1 HCF 194:196 HCF 194:196 HCF 194:196 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 27545514 13 79 theme protein 1616:1622 arg1 solubility 1624:1633 protein solubility 1616:1633 protein solubility 1616:1633 It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. 27545514 7 80 theme solubility 847:856 arg1 behaviour 858:866 apparent solubility behaviour 838:866 apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements 838:920 Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements. 27545514 6 81 theme interactions 610:621 arg1 strength 592:599 strength 592:599 strength 592:599 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 6 81 theme interactions 610:621 arg1 type 583:586 type 583:586 type 583:586 The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. 27545514 8 82 dep FINDINGS 927:934 arg1 interactions 952:963 Protein-protein interactions 936:963 Protein-protein interactions 936:963 KEY FINDINGS Protein-protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. 27545514 14 83 theme several 1729:1735 arg1 excipients 1744:1753 several common excipients 1729:1753 several common excipients 1729:1753 In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown. 27545514 1 84 theme formulation 181:191 arg1 development 199:209 high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development 154:209 high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development 154:209 OBJECTIVE Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. 25037354 1 0 theme mesenchymal 330:340 arg1 hMSCs 354:358 hMSCs 354:358 hMSCs 354:358 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 0 theme mesenchymal 330:340 arg1 cells 347:351 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 312:351 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 312:359 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 6 1 theme CS/SF 1029:1033 arg1 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 1 theme CS/SF 1029:1033 arg1 scaffold 1066:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 0 2 theme proliferation 92:104 arg1 modulation 47:56 modulation 47:56 modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells 47:136 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 1 3 theme stem 342:345 arg1 hMSCs 354:358 hMSCs 354:358 hMSCs 354:358 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 3 theme stem 342:345 arg1 cells 347:351 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 312:351 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 312:359 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 4 4 theme osteogenic 689:698 arg1 differentiation 700:714 differentiation 700:714 differentiation 700:714 The osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSCs were enhanced by CS and SF nanofibers, respectively. 25037354 6 5 theme electrospun 1017:1027 arg1 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 5 theme electrospun 1017:1027 arg1 scaffold 1066:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 0 6 theme mesenchymal 115:125 arg1 cells 132:136 human mesenchymal stem cells 109:136 human mesenchymal stem cells 109:136 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 1 7 theme cells 347:351 arg1 growth 271:276 growth 271:276 growth 271:276 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 7 theme cells 347:351 arg1 differentiation 293:307 osteogenic differentiation 282:307 osteogenic differentiation 282:307 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 4 8 dep differentiation 700:714 arg1 The 685:687 The 685:687 The 685:687 The osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSCs were enhanced by CS and SF nanofibers, respectively. 25037354 3 9 theme osteogenic 538:547 arg1 differentiation 549:563 osteogenic differentiation 538:563 osteogenic differentiation 538:563 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 0 10 theme human 109:113 arg1 cells 132:136 human mesenchymal stem cells 109:136 human mesenchymal stem cells 109:136 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 5 11 with CS 805:806 arg1 SF 813:814 SF 813:814 SF 813:814 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 4 12 theme hMSCs 737:741 arg1 proliferation 720:732 proliferation 720:732 proliferation 720:732 The osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSCs were enhanced by CS and SF nanofibers, respectively. 25037354 4 12 theme hMSCs 737:741 arg1 differentiation 700:714 differentiation 700:714 differentiation 700:714 The osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSCs were enhanced by CS and SF nanofibers, respectively. 25037354 0 13 theme cells 132:136 arg1 proliferation 92:104 proliferation 92:104 proliferation 92:104 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 0 13 theme cells 132:136 arg1 differentiation 72:86 differentiation 72:86 differentiation 72:86 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 5 14 theme SF 919:920 arg1 effect 909:914 the cell proliferative effect 886:914 the cell proliferative effect of SF 886:920 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 2 15 theme physico-chemical 381:396 arg1 properties 398:407 physico-chemical properties 381:407 physico-chemical properties 381:407 The morphology and physico-chemical properties of all membrane scaffolds were compared. 25037354 0 16 theme stem 127:130 arg1 cells 132:136 human mesenchymal stem cells 109:136 human mesenchymal stem cells 109:136 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 3 17 theme MTS 519:521 arg1 assay 523:527 the MTS assay 515:527 the MTS assay 515:527 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 0 18 theme chitosan/silk 10:22 arg1 fibroin 24:30 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin 0:30 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin 0:30 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 6 19 theme cues 980:983 arg1 advantage 933:941 advantage 933:941 advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components 933:1010 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 1 20 theme silk 188:191 arg1 SF 202:203 SF 202:203 SF 202:203 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 20 theme silk 188:191 arg1 fibroin 193:199 silk fibroin 188:199 silk fibroin (SF) 188:204 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 0 21 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 fibroin 24:30 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin 0:30 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin 0:30 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 6 22 theme bone 1091:1094 arg1 engineering 1103:1113 bone tissue engineering 1091:1113 bone tissue engineering 1091:1113 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 5 23 theme proliferative 895:907 arg1 effect 909:914 the cell proliferative effect 886:914 the cell proliferative effect of SF 886:920 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 1 24 theme fibroin 193:199 arg1 scaffolds 160:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 139:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend 139:220 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 6 25 theme individual 990:999 arg1 components 1001:1010 individual components 990:1010 individual components 990:1010 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 5 26 theme Blending 796:803 arg1 CS 805:806 Blending CS 796:806 Blending CS with SF 796:814 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 2 27 theme membrane 416:423 arg1 scaffolds 425:433 all membrane scaffolds 412:433 all membrane scaffolds 412:433 The morphology and physico-chemical properties of all membrane scaffolds were compared. 25037354 2 28 theme scaffolds 425:433 arg1 morphology 366:375 morphology 366:375 morphology 366:375 The morphology and physico-chemical properties of all membrane scaffolds were compared. 25037354 2 28 theme scaffolds 425:433 arg1 properties 398:407 physico-chemical properties 381:407 physico-chemical properties 381:407 The morphology and physico-chemical properties of all membrane scaffolds were compared. 25037354 3 29 theme cell 480:483 arg1 proliferation 485:497 cell proliferation 480:497 cell proliferation 480:497 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 30 theme CS 467:468 arg1 influence 454:462 The influence 450:462 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation 450:497 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 1 31 theme osteogenic 282:291 arg1 differentiation 293:307 osteogenic differentiation 282:307 osteogenic differentiation 282:307 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 6 32 from components 1001:1010 arg1 advantage 933:941 advantage 933:941 advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components 933:1010 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 32 from components 1001:1010 arg1 cues 980:983 the differentiation/proliferation cues 946:983 the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components 946:1010 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 33 theme tissue 1096:1101 arg1 engineering 1103:1113 bone tissue engineering 1091:1113 bone tissue engineering 1091:1113 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 34 theme differentiation/proliferation 950:978 arg1 cues 980:983 the differentiation/proliferation cues 946:983 the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components 946:1010 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 3 35 theme phosphatase 621:631 arg1 staining 602:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 35 theme phosphatase 621:631 arg1 activity 633:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 36 theme Alizarin 589:596 arg1 staining 602:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 36 theme Alizarin 589:596 arg1 expression 646:655 expression 646:655 expression of osteogenic marker genes 646:682 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 36 theme Alizarin 589:596 arg1 activity 633:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 5 37 theme CS 852:853 arg1 nature 842:847 the osteogenesis nature 825:847 the osteogenesis nature of CS 825:853 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 0 38 theme osteogenic 61:70 arg1 differentiation 72:86 differentiation 72:86 differentiation 72:86 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 3 39 from influence 454:462 arg1 proliferation 485:497 cell proliferation 480:497 cell proliferation 480:497 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 4 40 dep CS 760:761 arg1 nanofibers 770:779 nanofibers 770:779 nanofibers 770:779 The osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSCs were enhanced by CS and SF nanofibers, respectively. 25037354 1 41 theme human 312:316 arg1 marrow 323:328 human bone marrow 312:328 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 312:359 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 6 42 from advantage 933:941 arg1 components 1001:1010 individual components 990:1010 individual components 990:1010 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 3 43 theme marker 671:676 arg1 genes 678:682 osteogenic marker genes 660:682 osteogenic marker genes 660:682 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 1 44 theme Nanofibrous 139:149 arg1 scaffolds 160:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 139:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend 139:220 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 45 theme bone 318:321 arg1 marrow 323:328 human bone marrow 312:328 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 312:359 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 3 46 theme genes 678:682 arg1 staining 602:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 46 theme genes 678:682 arg1 expression 646:655 expression 646:655 expression of osteogenic marker genes 646:682 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 46 theme genes 678:682 arg1 activity 633:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 2 47 dep morphology 366:375 arg1 The 362:364 The 362:364 The 362:364 The morphology and physico-chemical properties of all membrane scaffolds were compared. 25037354 6 48 theme membrane 1057:1064 arg1 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 48 theme membrane 1057:1064 arg1 scaffold 1066:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 1 49 theme membrane 151:158 arg1 scaffolds 160:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 139:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend 139:220 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 50 theme CS/SF 210:214 arg1 blend 216:220 CS/SF blend 210:220 CS/SF blend 210:220 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 3 51 theme alkaline 612:619 arg1 phosphatase 621:631 alkaline phosphatase 612:631 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 52 theme SF 474:475 arg1 influence 454:462 The influence 450:462 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation 450:497 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 1 53 theme blend 216:220 arg1 scaffolds 160:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 139:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend 139:220 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 3 54 theme osteogenic 660:669 arg1 genes 678:682 osteogenic marker genes 660:682 osteogenic marker genes 660:682 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 55 theme Red 598:600 arg1 staining 602:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 the Alizarin Red staining 585:609 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 55 theme Red 598:600 arg1 expression 646:655 expression 646:655 expression of osteogenic marker genes 646:682 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 3 55 theme Red 598:600 arg1 activity 633:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 alkaline phosphatase activity 612:640 The influence of CS and SF on cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay, whereas osteogenic differentiation was determined from the Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. 25037354 5 56 theme osteogenesis 829:840 arg1 nature 842:847 the osteogenesis nature 825:847 the osteogenesis nature of CS 825:853 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 5 57 theme cell 890:893 arg1 effect 909:914 the cell proliferative effect 886:914 the cell proliferative effect of SF 886:920 Blending CS with SF retained the osteogenesis nature of CS without negatively influencing the cell proliferative effect of SF. 25037354 6 58 theme nanofibrous 1045:1055 arg1 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 58 theme nanofibrous 1045:1055 arg1 scaffold 1066:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 0 59 theme differentiation 72:86 arg1 modulation 47:56 modulation 47:56 modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells 47:136 Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 25037354 1 60 theme marrow 323:328 arg1 hMSCs 354:358 hMSCs 354:358 hMSCs 354:358 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 60 theme marrow 323:328 arg1 cells 347:351 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 312:351 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 312:359 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 1 61 theme chitosan 173:180 arg1 scaffolds 160:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 139:168 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend 139:220 Nanofibrous membrane scaffolds of chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF) and CS/SF blend were prepared by electrospinning and studied for growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25037354 6 62 theme composite 1035:1043 arg1 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 suitable 1078:1085 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 25037354 6 62 theme composite 1035:1043 arg1 scaffold 1066:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold 1013:1073 By taking advantage of the differentiation/proliferation cues from individual components, the electrospun CS/SF composite nanofibrous membrane scaffold is suitable for bone tissue engineering. 27287227 7 0 theme chondroitin 1254:1264 arg1 polymerase 1266:1275 bacterial chondroitin polymerase 1244:1275 bacterial chondroitin polymerase 1244:1275 The CS library was chemo-enzymatically synthesized with bacterial chondroitin polymerase and recombinant CS sulfotransferases. 27287227 3 1 theme linear 507:512 arg1 CS 499:500 CS 499:500 CS 499:500 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 3 1 theme linear 507:512 arg1 polysaccharide 521:534 a linear acidic polysaccharide 505:534 a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions 505:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 1 2 theme erythrocytes 282:293 arg1 accumulation 257:268 the selective accumulation 243:268 the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women 243:338 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 10 3 theme minimum 1606:1612 arg1 dodecasaccharide 1663:1678 a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide 1644:1678 a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide 1644:1678 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 3 theme minimum 1606:1612 arg1 structure 1614:1622 the minimum structure 1602:1622 the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 1602:1639 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 3 4 theme disaccharide 558:569 arg1 units 571:575 disaccharide units 558:575 disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions 558:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 5 5 theme molecular 933:941 arg1 structure 943:951 the fine molecular structure 924:951 the fine molecular structure of this CS chain 924:968 However, the fine molecular structure of this CS chain remains unclear. 27287227 6 6 theme sulfate 1166:1172 arg1 compositions 1174:1185 sulfate compositions 1166:1185 sulfate compositions 1166:1185 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 10 7 theme binding 1771:1777 arg1 inhibitor 1752:1760 a more potent inhibitor 1738:1760 a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides 1738:1804 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 7 theme binding 1771:1777 arg1 eicosasaccharide 1718:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 1 8 theme parasite 191:198 arg1 falciparum 211:220 the parasite Plasmodium falciparum 187:220 the parasite Plasmodium falciparum 187:220 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 6 9 theme lengths 1154:1160 arg1 library 1127:1133 a CS library 1122:1133 a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions 1122:1185 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 3 10 theme acid 593:596 arg1 units 571:575 disaccharide units 558:575 disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions 558:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 6 11 theme various 1138:1144 arg1 lengths 1154:1160 various defined lengths 1138:1160 various defined lengths 1138:1160 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 8 12 theme rVAR2 1410:1414 arg1 binding 1416:1422 rVAR2 binding 1410:1422 rVAR2 binding 1410:1422 We found that C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue is critical for supporting rVAR2 binding, whereas no other sulfate modifications showed effects. 27287227 10 13 theme potent 1745:1750 arg1 inhibitor 1752:1760 a more potent inhibitor 1738:1760 a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides 1738:1804 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 13 theme potent 1745:1750 arg1 eicosasaccharide 1718:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 2 14 from tissue 491:496 arg1 present 466:472 present 466:472 present 466:472 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 10 15 theme CSA 1659:1661 arg1 structure 1614:1622 the minimum structure 1602:1622 the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 1602:1639 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 15 theme CSA 1659:1661 arg1 dodecasaccharide 1663:1678 a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide 1644:1678 a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide 1644:1678 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 3 16 theme N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 602:625 arg1 units 571:575 disaccharide units 558:575 disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions 558:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 9 17 theme C-4 1549:1551 arg1 sulfation 1553:1561 C-4 sulfation 1549:1561 C-4 sulfation 1549:1561 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 2 18 theme sulfate 439:445 arg1 proteoglycans 452:464 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans 427:464 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue 427:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 4 19 theme placental-adhering 720:737 arg1 IEs 739:741 placental-adhering IEs 720:741 placental-adhering IEs 720:741 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 7 20 theme bacterial 1244:1252 arg1 polymerase 1266:1275 bacterial chondroitin polymerase 1244:1275 bacterial chondroitin polymerase 1244:1275 The CS library was chemo-enzymatically synthesized with bacterial chondroitin polymerase and recombinant CS sulfotransferases. 27287227 8 21 theme residue 1375:1381 arg1 sulfation 1333:1341 C-4 sulfation 1329:1341 C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue 1329:1381 We found that C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue is critical for supporting rVAR2 binding, whereas no other sulfate modifications showed effects. 27287227 10 22 theme sulfated 1705:1712 arg1 inhibitor 1752:1760 a more potent inhibitor 1738:1760 a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides 1738:1804 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 22 theme sulfated 1705:1712 arg1 eicosasaccharide 1718:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 5 23 theme fine 928:931 arg1 structure 943:951 the fine molecular structure 924:951 the fine molecular structure of this CS chain 924:968 However, the fine molecular structure of this CS chain remains unclear. 27287227 4 24 theme sulfate 810:816 arg1 CSA 821:823 CSA 821:823 CSA 821:823 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 4 24 theme sulfate 810:816 arg1 A 818:818 chondroitin sulfate A 798:818 chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) 798:824 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 0 25 theme chondroitin 109:119 arg1 library 129:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 2 26 attach present 466:472 arg1 tissue 491:496 the placental tissue 477:496 the placental tissue 477:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 2 26 attach present 466:472 arg2 proteoglycans 452:464 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans 427:464 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue 427:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 3 27 mod modified 636:643 arg3 groups 656:661 sulfate groups 648:661 sulfate groups at different positions 648:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 3 27 mod modified 636:643 arg1 units 571:575 disaccharide units 558:575 disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions 558:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 2 28 from present 466:472 arg1 tissue 491:496 the placental tissue 477:496 the placental tissue 477:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 2 29 theme chondroitin 427:437 arg1 CS 448:449 CS 448:449 CS 448:449 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 2 29 theme chondroitin 427:437 arg1 sulfate 439:445 chondroitin sulfate 427:445 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue 427:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 7 30 theme CS 1192:1193 arg1 library 1195:1201 The CS library 1188:1201 The CS library 1188:1201 The CS library was chemo-enzymatically synthesized with bacterial chondroitin polymerase and recombinant CS sulfotransferases. 27287227 4 31 theme sulfated 781:788 arg1 form 790:793 an unusually low sulfated form 764:793 an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) 764:824 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 0 32 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 dissection 10:19 Molecular dissection 0:19 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 0:136 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 5 33 theme chain 964:968 arg1 structure 943:951 the fine molecular structure 924:951 the fine molecular structure of this CS chain 924:968 However, the fine molecular structure of this CS chain remains unclear. 27287227 6 34 theme minimal 1071:1077 arg1 region 1090:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region 1057:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) 1057:1114 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 10 35 theme CSA 1714:1716 arg1 inhibitor 1752:1760 a more potent inhibitor 1738:1760 a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides 1738:1804 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 35 theme CSA 1714:1716 arg1 eicosasaccharide 1718:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide 1696:1733 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 1 36 theme serious 159:165 arg1 infection 167:175 a serious infection 157:175 a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum 157:220 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 1 36 theme serious 159:165 arg1 malaria 148:154 Placental malaria 138:154 Placental malaria 138:154 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 2 37 theme placental 481:489 arg1 tissue 491:496 the placental tissue 477:496 the placental tissue 477:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 8 38 theme other 1436:1440 arg1 modifications 1450:1462 no other sulfate modifications 1433:1462 no other sulfate modifications 1433:1462 We found that C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue is critical for supporting rVAR2 binding, whereas no other sulfate modifications showed effects. 27287227 0 39 theme malaria 34:40 arg1 interaction 58:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 3 40 theme different 666:674 arg1 positions 676:684 different positions 666:684 different positions 666:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 9 41 with Interaction 1480:1490 arg1 CS 1506:1507 CS 1506:1507 CS 1506:1507 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 0 42 theme VAR2CSA 50:56 arg1 interaction 58:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 1 43 theme pregnant 325:332 arg1 women 334:338 the pregnant women 321:338 the pregnant women 321:338 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 6 44 theme CS 1124:1125 arg1 library 1127:1133 a CS library 1122:1133 a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions 1122:1185 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 2 45 theme Placental 341:349 arg1 adherence 351:359 Placental adherence 341:359 Placental adherence 341:359 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 3 46 theme acidic 514:519 arg1 CS 499:500 CS 499:500 CS 499:500 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 3 46 theme acidic 514:519 arg1 polysaccharide 521:534 a linear acidic polysaccharide 505:534 a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions 505:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 9 47 theme rVAR2 1495:1499 arg1 Interaction 1480:1490 Interaction 1480:1490 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS 1480:1507 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 7 48 theme recombinant 1281:1291 arg1 sulfotransferases 1296:1312 recombinant CS sulfotransferases 1281:1312 recombinant CS sulfotransferases 1281:1312 The CS library was chemo-enzymatically synthesized with bacterial chondroitin polymerase and recombinant CS sulfotransferases. 27287227 11 49 theme placental 1917:1925 arg1 malaria 1927:1933 placental malaria 1917:1933 placental malaria 1917:1933 These results suggest that CSA derivatives may potentially serve as targets in therapeutic strategies against placental malaria. 27287227 1 50 theme infected 273:280 arg1 erythrocytes 282:293 infected erythrocytes 273:293 infected erythrocytes (IEs) 273:299 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 1 50 theme infected 273:280 arg1 IEs 296:298 IEs 296:298 IEs 296:298 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 6 51 theme VAR2CSA 1100:1106 arg1 region 1090:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region 1057:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) 1057:1114 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 11 52 from targets 1875:1881 arg1 strategies 1898:1907 therapeutic strategies 1886:1907 therapeutic strategies against placental malaria 1886:1933 These results suggest that CSA derivatives may potentially serve as targets in therapeutic strategies against placental malaria. 27287227 6 53 theme compositions 1174:1185 arg1 library 1127:1133 a CS library 1122:1133 a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions 1122:1185 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 3 54 from positions 676:684 arg1 groups 656:661 sulfate groups 648:661 sulfate groups at different positions 648:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 4 55 theme Previous 687:694 arg1 reports 696:702 Previous reports 687:702 Previous reports 687:702 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 3 56 theme D-glucuronic 580:591 arg1 acid 593:596 D-glucuronic acid 580:596 D-glucuronic acid 580:596 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 1 57 theme Plasmodium 200:209 arg1 falciparum 211:220 the parasite Plasmodium falciparum 187:220 the parasite Plasmodium falciparum 187:220 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 4 58 theme minimal 880:886 arg1 motif 888:892 the minimal motif 876:892 the minimal motif for the interaction 876:912 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 4 58 theme minimal 880:886 arg1 dodecasaccharide 856:871 a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide 835:871 a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide 835:871 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 6 59 theme defined 1146:1152 arg1 lengths 1154:1160 various defined lengths 1138:1160 various defined lengths 1138:1160 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 8 60 theme sulfate 1442:1448 arg1 modifications 1450:1462 no other sulfate modifications 1433:1462 no other sulfate modifications 1433:1462 We found that C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue is critical for supporting rVAR2 binding, whereas no other sulfate modifications showed effects. 27287227 2 61 theme malarial 380:387 arg1 protein 397:403 the malarial VAR2CSA protein 376:403 the malarial VAR2CSA protein 376:403 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 9 62 theme chain 1570:1574 arg1 length 1576:1581 CS chain length 1567:1581 CS chain length 1567:1581 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 11 63 theme CSA 1834:1836 arg1 derivatives 1838:1848 CSA derivatives 1834:1848 CSA derivatives 1834:1848 These results suggest that CSA derivatives may potentially serve as targets in therapeutic strategies against placental malaria. 27287227 11 63 theme CSA 1834:1836 arg1 targets 1875:1881 targets 1875:1881 targets in therapeutic strategies against placental malaria 1875:1933 These results suggest that CSA derivatives may potentially serve as targets in therapeutic strategies against placental malaria. 27287227 10 64 theme tri-sulfated 1646:1657 arg1 structure 1614:1622 the minimum structure 1602:1622 the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 1602:1639 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 10 64 theme tri-sulfated 1646:1657 arg1 dodecasaccharide 1663:1678 a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide 1644:1678 a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide 1644:1678 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 1 65 from accumulation 257:268 arg1 placentas 308:316 the placentas 304:316 the placentas of the pregnant women 304:338 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 1 66 theme Placental 138:146 arg1 infection 167:175 a serious infection 157:175 a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum 157:220 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 1 66 theme Placental 138:146 arg1 malaria 148:154 Placental malaria 138:154 Placental malaria 138:154 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 3 67 theme sulfate 648:654 arg1 groups 656:661 sulfate groups 648:661 sulfate groups at different positions 648:684 CS is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine that are modified by sulfate groups at different positions. 27287227 8 68 theme C-4 1329:1331 arg1 sulfation 1333:1341 C-4 sulfation 1329:1341 C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue 1329:1381 We found that C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue is critical for supporting rVAR2 binding, whereas no other sulfate modifications showed effects. 27287227 9 69 theme sulfation 1553:1561 arg1 degree 1539:1544 the degree 1535:1544 the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length 1535:1581 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 6 70 theme CS 1028:1029 arg1 chain 1031:1035 the CS chain 1024:1035 the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) 1024:1114 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 0 71 theme synthesized 97:107 arg1 library 129:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 9 72 theme CS 1567:1568 arg1 length 1576:1581 CS chain length 1567:1581 CS chain length 1567:1581 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 8 73 theme N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1350:1373 arg1 residue 1375:1381 the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue 1346:1381 the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue 1346:1381 We found that C-4 sulfation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue is critical for supporting rVAR2 binding, whereas no other sulfate modifications showed effects. 27287227 0 74 theme sulfate 121:127 arg1 library 129:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 9 75 theme length 1576:1581 arg1 degree 1539:1544 the degree 1535:1544 the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length 1535:1581 Interaction of rVAR2 with CS is highly correlated with the degree of C-4 sulfation and CS chain length. 27287227 4 76 theme chondroitin 798:808 arg1 CSA 821:823 CSA 821:823 CSA 821:823 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 4 76 theme chondroitin 798:808 arg1 A 818:818 chondroitin sulfate A 798:818 chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) 798:824 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 4 77 theme A 818:818 arg1 form 790:793 an unusually low sulfated form 764:793 an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) 764:824 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 5 78 theme CS 961:962 arg1 chain 964:968 this CS chain 956:968 this CS chain 956:968 However, the fine molecular structure of this CS chain remains unclear. 27287227 6 79 theme CS-binding 1079:1088 arg1 region 1090:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region 1057:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) 1057:1114 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 4 80 theme low 777:779 arg1 form 790:793 an unusually low sulfated form 764:793 an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) 764:824 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 2 81 theme VAR2CSA 389:395 arg1 protein 397:403 the malarial VAR2CSA protein 376:403 the malarial VAR2CSA protein 376:403 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 0 82 theme placental 24:32 arg1 interaction 58:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 6 83 theme recombinant 1059:1069 arg1 region 1090:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region 1057:1095 a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) 1057:1114 In this study, we have characterized the CS chain that interacts with a recombinant minimal CS-binding region of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) using a CS library of various defined lengths and sulfate compositions. 27287227 10 84 theme rVAR2 1765:1769 arg1 binding 1771:1777 rVAR2 binding 1765:1777 rVAR2 binding 1765:1777 We confirmed that the minimum structure binding to rVAR2 is a tri-sulfated CSA dodecasaccharide, and found that a highly sulfated CSA eicosasaccharide is a more potent inhibitor of rVAR2 binding than the dodecasaccharides. 27287227 0 85 theme protein 42:48 arg1 interaction 58:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction 24:68 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 0 86 theme interaction 58:68 arg1 dissection 10:19 Molecular dissection 0:19 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 0:136 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 2 87 theme present 466:472 arg1 proteoglycans 452:464 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans 427:464 chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue 427:496 Placental adherence is mediated by the malarial VAR2CSA protein, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans present in the placental tissue. 27287227 4 88 theme sulfated 847:854 arg1 motif 888:892 the minimal motif 876:892 the minimal motif for the interaction 876:912 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 4 88 theme sulfated 847:854 arg1 dodecasaccharide 856:871 a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide 835:871 a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide 835:871 Previous reports have shown that placental-adhering IEs were associated with an unusually low sulfated form of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and that a partially sulfated dodecasaccharide is the minimal motif for the interaction. 27287227 0 89 with dissection 10:19 arg1 library 129:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library 75:135 Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library. 27287227 1 90 theme women 334:338 arg1 placentas 308:316 the placentas 304:316 the placentas of the pregnant women 304:338 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27287227 7 91 theme CS 1293:1294 arg1 sulfotransferases 1296:1312 recombinant CS sulfotransferases 1281:1312 recombinant CS sulfotransferases 1281:1312 The CS library was chemo-enzymatically synthesized with bacterial chondroitin polymerase and recombinant CS sulfotransferases. 27287227 11 92 theme therapeutic 1886:1896 arg1 strategies 1898:1907 therapeutic strategies 1886:1907 therapeutic strategies against placental malaria 1886:1933 These results suggest that CSA derivatives may potentially serve as targets in therapeutic strategies against placental malaria. 27287227 1 93 theme selective 247:255 arg1 accumulation 257:268 the selective accumulation 243:268 the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women 243:338 Placental malaria, a serious infection caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is characterized by the selective accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the placentas of the pregnant women. 27561478 1 0 theme solvent 144:150 arg1 chloride 181:188 the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride 133:188 the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride 133:188 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 1 1 theme 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium 152:179 arg1 chloride 181:188 the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride 133:188 the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride 133:188 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 1 2 theme regenerated 266:276 arg1 RCF 296:298 RCF 296:298 RCF 296:298 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 1 2 theme regenerated 266:276 arg1 fibres 288:293 regenerated cellulose fibres 266:293 regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF) 266:299 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 1 3 theme cellulose 278:286 arg1 RCF 296:298 RCF 296:298 RCF 296:298 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 1 3 theme cellulose 278:286 arg1 fibres 288:293 regenerated cellulose fibres 266:293 regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF) 266:299 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 2 4 theme 63.7 386:389 arg1 % 390:390 % 390:390 % 390:390 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 3 5 theme many 514:517 arg1 advantages 519:528 many advantages 514:528 many advantages over RCFs 514:538 Here, we thoroughly characterise the composite fibre and show that the composite fibre has many advantages over RCFs both from a spinning perspective and as a regenerated fibre. 27561478 1 6 theme regenerated 193:203 arg1 composite 205:213 a regenerated composite fibre 191:219 a regenerated composite fibre 191:219 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 0 7 theme novel 17:21 arg1 cellulose/duck 23:36 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 Development of a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre regenerated in ionic liquid. 27561478 2 8 theme mechanical 306:315 arg1 better 363:368 better 363:368 better 363:368 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 2 8 theme mechanical 306:315 arg1 properties 317:326 The mechanical properties 302:326 The mechanical properties of composite fibre 302:345 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 2 9 theme tensile 407:413 arg1 strain 415:420 tensile strain 407:420 tensile strain 407:420 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 1 10 theme fibre 215:219 arg1 composite 205:213 a regenerated composite fibre 191:219 a regenerated composite fibre 191:219 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 0 11 theme feather 38:44 arg1 cellulose/duck 23:36 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 Development of a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre regenerated in ionic liquid. 27561478 0 12 theme cellulose/duck 23:36 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 0:60 Development of a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre regenerated in ionic liquid. 27561478 2 13 theme % 390:390 arg1 improvement 392:402 a 63.7% improvement 384:402 a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain 384:420 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 0 14 theme fibre 56:60 arg1 cellulose/duck 23:36 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 Development of a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre regenerated in ionic liquid. 27561478 3 15 contain has 510:512 arg2 advantages 519:528 many advantages 514:528 many advantages over RCFs 514:538 Here, we thoroughly characterise the composite fibre and show that the composite fibre has many advantages over RCFs both from a spinning perspective and as a regenerated fibre. 27561478 3 15 contain has 510:512 arg1 fibre 504:508 fibre 504:508 fibre 504:508 Here, we thoroughly characterise the composite fibre and show that the composite fibre has many advantages over RCFs both from a spinning perspective and as a regenerated fibre. 27561478 3 16 theme spinning 552:559 arg1 perspective 561:571 a spinning perspective 550:571 a spinning perspective 550:571 Here, we thoroughly characterise the composite fibre and show that the composite fibre has many advantages over RCFs both from a spinning perspective and as a regenerated fibre. 27561478 0 17 theme composite 46:54 arg1 cellulose/duck 23:36 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre 15:60 Development of a novel cellulose/duck feather composite fibre regenerated in ionic liquid. 27561478 1 18 theme duck 117:120 arg1 feather 122:128 duck feather 117:128 duck feather 117:128 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 2 19 theme fibre 341:345 arg1 better 363:368 better 363:368 better 363:368 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 2 19 theme fibre 341:345 arg1 properties 317:326 The mechanical properties 302:326 The mechanical properties of composite fibre 302:345 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 2 20 from improvement 392:402 arg1 strain 415:420 tensile strain 407:420 tensile strain 407:420 The mechanical properties of composite fibre was shown to be better than RCF with a 63.7% improvement in tensile strain. 27561478 1 21 theme improved 245:252 arg1 fibres 254:259 improved fibres 245:259 improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF) 245:299 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 27561478 1 22 theme common 137:142 arg1 chloride 181:188 the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride 133:188 the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride 133:188 By blending cellulose and duck feather in the common solvent 1-allyl-3-methylimidazoloium chloride, a regenerated composite fibre has been developed with improved fibres over regenerated cellulose fibres (RCF). 26563943 5 0 theme vapor 717:721 arg1 WVP 737:739 WVP 737:739 WVP 737:739 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 0 theme vapor 717:721 arg1 permeability 723:734 water vapor permeability 711:734 water vapor permeability (WVP) 711:740 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 3 1 from study 384:388 arg1 able 398:401 able 398:401 able 398:401 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 2 2 theme release 342:348 arg1 systems 350:356 modified release systems 333:356 modified release systems 333:356 Many times, it is necessary to modify the metronidazole release, and the development of modified release systems may be suggested. 26563943 12 3 theme great 1525:1529 arg1 importance 1541:1550 great practical importance 1525:1550 great practical importance 1525:1550 BP films are of great practical importance constituting a novel strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 9 4 dep MUC 1334:1336 arg1 higher 1327:1332 higher 1327:1332 higher 1327:1332 The greater the adjuvant concentrations lower the resistance to rupture and the elasticity, but higher MUC and WVP of formulations. 26563943 1 5 theme antimicrobial 151:163 arg1 agent 165:169 an antimicrobial agent 148:169 an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections 148:242 Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections. 26563943 1 5 theme antimicrobial 151:163 arg1 Metronidazole 131:143 Metronidazole 131:143 Metronidazole 131:143 Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections. 26563943 9 6 dep resistance 1281:1290 arg1 lower 1271:1275 lower 1271:1275 lower 1271:1275 The greater the adjuvant concentrations lower the resistance to rupture and the elasticity, but higher MUC and WVP of formulations. 26563943 0 7 theme Metronidazole 74:86 arg1 Release 88:94 the Metronidazole Release 70:94 the Metronidazole Release 70:94 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 5 8 theme metronidazole 890:902 arg1 release 904:910 in vitro metronidazole release 881:910 in vitro metronidazole release 881:910 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 9 dep Fourier 828:834 arg1 transform 836:844 transform 836:844 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 836:874 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 8 10 theme higher 1134:1139 arg1 resistance 1141:1150 higher resistance 1134:1150 higher resistance to stress 1134:1160 Films containing gelatin showed higher resistance to stress while those containing ethylcellulose presented greater flexibility. 26563943 7 11 theme film 1084:1087 arg1 composition 1089:1099 film composition 1084:1099 film composition 1084:1099 Mechanical properties were influenced by film composition. 26563943 12 12 theme novel 1567:1571 arg1 strategy 1573:1580 a novel strategy 1565:1580 a novel strategy to modify the metronidazole release 1565:1616 BP films are of great practical importance constituting a novel strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 12 13 theme practical 1531:1539 arg1 importance 1541:1550 great practical importance 1525:1550 great practical importance 1525:1550 BP films are of great practical importance constituting a novel strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 5 14 theme mechanical 688:697 arg1 properties 699:708 mechanical properties 688:708 mechanical properties 688:708 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 3 15 theme propolis 485:492 arg1 BP 504:505 BP 504:505 BP 504:505 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 3 15 theme propolis 485:492 arg1 extracts 494:501 propolis extracts 485:501 propolis extracts (BP) 485:506 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 5 16 theme infrared 846:853 arg1 FT-IR 869:873 FT-IR 869:873 FT-IR 869:873 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 16 theme infrared 846:853 arg1 spectroscopy 855:866 infrared spectroscopy 846:866 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 846:874 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 3 17 theme extracts 494:501 arg1 preparation 470:480 the preparation 466:480 the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) 466:506 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 5 18 theme differential 793:804 arg1 calorimetry 815:825 differential scanning calorimetry 793:825 differential scanning calorimetry 793:825 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 19 theme moisture 743:750 arg1 MUC 769:771 MUC 769:771 MUC 769:771 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 19 theme moisture 743:750 arg1 capacity 759:766 moisture uptake capacity 743:766 moisture uptake capacity (MUC) 743:772 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 7 20 theme Mechanical 1043:1052 arg1 properties 1054:1063 Mechanical properties 1043:1063 Mechanical properties 1043:1063 Mechanical properties were influenced by film composition. 26563943 5 21 theme scanning 806:813 arg1 calorimetry 815:825 differential scanning calorimetry 793:825 differential scanning calorimetry 793:825 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 0 22 theme Waste 0:4 arg1 Material 6:13 Waste Material 0:13 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 0:129 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 8 23 contain containing 1108:1117 arg1 Films 1102:1106 Films 1102:1106 Films containing gelatin 1102:1125 Films containing gelatin showed higher resistance to stress while those containing ethylcellulose presented greater flexibility. 26563943 8 23 contain containing 1108:1117 arg2 gelatin 1119:1125 gelatin 1119:1125 gelatin 1119:1125 Films containing gelatin showed higher resistance to stress while those containing ethylcellulose presented greater flexibility. 26563943 0 24 theme Propolis 18:25 arg1 Material 6:13 Waste Material 0:13 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 0:129 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 5 25 theme uptake 752:757 arg1 MUC 769:771 MUC 769:771 MUC 769:771 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 25 theme uptake 752:757 arg1 capacity 759:766 moisture uptake capacity 743:766 moisture uptake capacity (MUC) 743:772 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 2 26 theme metronidazole 287:299 arg1 release 301:307 the metronidazole release 283:307 the metronidazole release 283:307 Many times, it is necessary to modify the metronidazole release, and the development of modified release systems may be suggested. 26563943 10 27 theme FT-IR 1363:1367 arg1 tests 1369:1373 FT-IR tests 1363:1373 FT-IR tests 1363:1373 FT-IR tests suggested interactions between BP and the adjuvants. 26563943 12 28 theme BP 1509:1510 arg1 films 1512:1516 BP films 1509:1516 BP films 1509:1516 BP films are of great practical importance constituting a novel strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 2 29 theme modified 333:340 arg1 systems 350:356 modified release systems 333:356 modified release systems 333:356 Many times, it is necessary to modify the metronidazole release, and the development of modified release systems may be suggested. 26563943 8 30 theme greater 1210:1216 arg1 flexibility 1218:1228 greater flexibility 1210:1228 greater flexibility 1210:1228 Films containing gelatin showed higher resistance to stress while those containing ethylcellulose presented greater flexibility. 26563943 3 31 theme metronidazole 534:546 arg1 release 548:554 the metronidazole release 530:554 the metronidazole release 530:554 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 1 32 theme protozoa 201:208 arg1 treatment 188:196 the treatment 184:196 the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections 184:242 Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections. 26563943 9 33 theme formulations 1349:1360 arg1 WVP 1342:1344 WVP 1342:1344 WVP 1342:1344 The greater the adjuvant concentrations lower the resistance to rupture and the elasticity, but higher MUC and WVP of formulations. 26563943 9 33 theme formulations 1349:1360 arg1 MUC 1334:1336 MUC 1334:1336 MUC 1334:1336 The greater the adjuvant concentrations lower the resistance to rupture and the elasticity, but higher MUC and WVP of formulations. 26563943 4 34 contain containing 575:584 arg2 adjuvant 596:603 adjuvant 596:603 adjuvant 596:603 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 4 34 contain containing 575:584 arg2 metronidazole 637:649 metronidazole 637:649 metronidazole 637:649 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 4 34 contain containing 575:584 arg1 films 569:573 films 569:573 films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole 569:649 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 4 35 dep adjuvant 596:603 arg1 ethylcellulose 617:630 ethylcellulose 617:630 ethylcellulose 617:630 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 4 35 dep adjuvant 596:603 arg1 gelatin 606:612 gelatin 606:612 gelatin 606:612 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 0 36 theme Forming 37:43 arg1 Agent 45:49 a Film Forming Agent 30:49 a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release 30:94 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 9 37 theme adjuvant 1247:1254 arg1 concentrations 1256:1269 the adjuvant concentrations 1243:1269 The greater the adjuvant concentrations 1231:1269 The greater the adjuvant concentrations lower the resistance to rupture and the elasticity, but higher MUC and WVP of formulations. 26563943 4 38 theme casting 663:669 arg1 method 671:676 solvent casting method 655:676 solvent casting method 655:676 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 0 39 theme Film 32:35 arg1 Agent 45:49 a Film Forming Agent 30:49 a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release 30:94 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 12 40 theme metronidazole 1596:1608 arg1 release 1610:1616 the metronidazole release 1592:1616 the metronidazole release 1592:1616 BP films are of great practical importance constituting a novel strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 4 41 theme solvent 655:661 arg1 method 671:676 solvent casting method 655:676 solvent casting method 655:676 We prepared films containing polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and metronidazole, by solvent casting method. 26563943 11 42 theme release 1492:1498 arg1 profile 1500:1506 its release profile 1488:1506 its release profile 1488:1506 Films were capable to protect the metronidazole and changed its release profile. 26563943 8 43 contain containing 1174:1183 arg2 ethylcellulose 1185:1198 ethylcellulose 1185:1198 ethylcellulose 1185:1198 Films containing gelatin showed higher resistance to stress while those containing ethylcellulose presented greater flexibility. 26563943 8 43 contain containing 1174:1183 arg1 those 1168:1172 those 1168:1172 those 1168:1172 Films containing gelatin showed higher resistance to stress while those containing ethylcellulose presented greater flexibility. 26563943 1 44 dep protozoa 201:208 arg1 infections 233:242 infections 233:242 infections 233:242 Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections. 26563943 6 45 theme preparations 960:971 arg1 density 945:951 density 945:951 density 945:951 Thickness and density of the preparations indicated that the compounds were homogeneously dispersed throughout. 26563943 6 45 theme preparations 960:971 arg1 Thickness 931:939 Thickness 931:939 Thickness 931:939 Thickness and density of the preparations indicated that the compounds were homogeneously dispersed throughout. 26563943 3 46 theme residue 433:439 arg1 use 422:424 the use 418:424 the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release 418:554 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 5 47 theme in 881:882 arg1 release 904:910 in vitro metronidazole release 881:910 in vitro metronidazole release 881:910 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 1 48 theme anaerobic 214:222 arg1 bacteria 224:231 anaerobic bacteria 214:231 anaerobic bacteria 214:231 Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections. 26563943 1 49 theme bacteria 224:231 arg1 treatment 188:196 the treatment 184:196 the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections 184:242 Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent utilized for the treatment of protozoa and anaerobic bacteria infections. 26563943 0 50 dep Material 6:13 arg1 Characterization 113:128 Characterization 113:128 Characterization 113:128 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 0 50 dep Material 6:13 arg1 Preparation 97:107 Preparation 97:107 Preparation 97:107 Waste Material of Propolis as a Film Forming Agent Intended to Modify the Metronidazole Release: Preparation and Characterization. 26563943 3 51 from able 398:401 arg1 study 384:388 this study 379:388 this study 379:388 In this study, we are able to investigate the use of the residue normally thrown out from the preparation of propolis extracts (BP) as strategy to modify the metronidazole release. 26563943 5 52 dep in 881:882 arg1 vitro 884:888 vitro 884:888 vitro 884:888 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 53 theme water 711:715 arg1 WVP 737:739 WVP 737:739 WVP 737:739 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 5 53 theme water 711:715 arg1 permeability 723:734 water vapor permeability 711:734 water vapor permeability (WVP) 711:740 Density, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity (MUC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and in vitro metronidazole release were investigated. 26563943 2 54 theme Many 245:248 arg1 times 250:254 Many times 245:254 Many times 245:254 Many times, it is necessary to modify the metronidazole release, and the development of modified release systems may be suggested. 26563943 2 55 theme systems 350:356 arg1 development 318:328 the development 314:328 the development of modified release systems 314:356 Many times, it is necessary to modify the metronidazole release, and the development of modified release systems may be suggested. 26563943 9 56 dep greater 1235:1241 arg1 concentrations 1256:1269 the adjuvant concentrations 1243:1269 The greater the adjuvant concentrations 1231:1269 The greater the adjuvant concentrations lower the resistance to rupture and the elasticity, but higher MUC and WVP of formulations. 25609962 1 0 theme implanted 476:484 arg1 population 491:500 the implanted cell population 472:500 the implanted cell population 472:500 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 6 1 theme nHAP 1445:1448 arg1 content 1450:1456 nHAP content 1445:1456 nHAP content 1445:1456 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 5 2 theme soaking 1205:1211 arg1 method 1236:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 9 3 dep In 1872:1873 arg1 vivo 1875:1878 vivo 1875:1878 vivo 1875:1878 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 9 4 theme In 1872:1873 arg1 experiments 1880:1890 In vivo experiments 1872:1890 In vivo experiments 1872:1890 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 1 5 theme population 491:500 arg1 osteogensis 457:467 enhanced osteogensis 448:467 enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population 448:500 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 6 6 theme stem 1552:1555 arg1 hMSCs 1564:1568 hMSCs 1564:1568 hMSCs 1564:1568 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 6 6 theme stem 1552:1555 arg1 cells 1557:1561 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 1522:1561 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1522:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 1 7 theme membrane 307:314 arg1 NMS 326:328 NMS 326:328 NMS 326:328 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 1 7 theme membrane 307:314 arg1 scaffold 316:323 a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold 261:323 a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) 261:329 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 8 8 theme nHAP 1783:1786 arg1 content 1772:1778 the content 1768:1778 the content of nHAP in the NMS 1768:1797 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 10 9 theme bone 2288:2291 arg1 engineering 2300:2310 bone tissue engineering 2288:2310 bone tissue engineering 2288:2310 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 2 10 theme soaking 781:787 arg1 mineralization 797:810 alternative soaking surface mineralization 769:810 alternative soaking surface mineralization 769:810 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 8 11 theme significant 1854:1864 arg1 role 1866:1869 a less significant role 1847:1869 a less significant role 1847:1869 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 6 12 theme marrow 1533:1538 arg1 hMSCs 1564:1568 hMSCs 1564:1568 hMSCs 1564:1568 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 6 12 theme marrow 1533:1538 arg1 cells 1557:1561 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 1522:1561 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1522:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 2 13 dep % 638:638 arg1 % 631:631 % 631:631 % 631:631 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 13 dep % 638:638 arg1 30 636:637 30 636:637 30 636:637 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 6 14 theme human 1522:1526 arg1 marrow 1533:1538 human bone marrow 1522:1538 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1522:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 9 15 theme nude 2010:2013 arg1 mice 2015:2018 nude mice 2010:2018 nude mice 2010:2018 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 10 16 theme hMSCs/NMS 2128:2136 arg1 construct 2138:2146 the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2114:2178 construct 2138:2146 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 0 17 theme fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite 152:177 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 1 18 theme tissue 414:419 arg1 physiology 421:430 the natural bone tissue physiology 397:430 the natural bone tissue physiology 397:430 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 4 19 theme ~30 976:978 arg1 nm 980:981 nm 980:981 nm 980:981 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 0 20 theme membrane 191:198 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 4 21 from presence 964:971 arg1 membranes 1017:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 7 22 theme significant 1609:1619 arg1 difference 1621:1630 no significant difference 1606:1630 no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS 1606:1663 The proliferation of hMSCs showed no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 9 23 theme CS/SF/30 1930:1937 arg1 % 1938:1938 % 1938:1938 % 1938:1938 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 1 24 theme enhanced 448:455 arg1 osteogensis 457:467 enhanced osteogensis 448:467 enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population 448:500 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 3 25 theme physicochemical 889:903 arg1 properties 905:914 the physicochemical properties 885:914 the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS 885:944 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 2 26 theme in 609:610 arg1 blending 617:624 in situ blending 609:624 in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 609:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 9 27 theme nHAP 1939:1942 arg1 NMS 1944:1946 CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS 1930:1946 CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice 1930:2018 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 8 28 from NMS 1795:1797 arg1 content 1772:1778 the content 1768:1778 the content of nHAP in the NMS 1768:1797 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 10 29 contain had 2199:2201 arg1 scaffold 2275:2282 a promising scaffold 2263:2282 a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering 2263:2310 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 29 contain had 2199:2201 arg2 potential 2207:2215 the potential 2203:2215 the potential for bone regeneration 2203:2237 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 29 contain had 2199:2201 arg1 NMS 2195:2197 NMS 2195:2197 NMS 2195:2197 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 2 30 theme CS/SF 539:543 arg1 NMS 545:547 pristine CS/SF NMS 530:547 pristine CS/SF NMS 530:547 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 0 31 from nanohydroxyapatite 105:122 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 2 32 theme % 754:754 arg1 nHAP 756:759 30% nHAP 752:759 30% nHAP 752:759 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 5 33 theme % 1310:1310 arg1 drop 1320:1323 88% and 94% drop 1308:1323 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress 1308:1370 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 5 34 theme surface 1213:1219 arg1 method 1236:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 9 35 theme in 1960:1961 arg1 blending 1968:1975 in situ blending 1960:1975 in situ blending 1960:1975 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 3 36 theme HAP 864:866 arg1 nanoparticles 868:880 HAP nanoparticles 864:880 HAP nanoparticles 864:880 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 1 37 theme nanohydroxyapatite 228:245 arg1 Incorporation 211:223 Incorporation 211:223 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) 211:329 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 2 38 theme CS/SF/nHAP 560:569 arg1 NMS 571:573 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS 550:573 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 550:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 3 39 theme incorporation 847:859 arg1 effect 833:838 the effect 829:838 the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS 829:944 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 8 40 theme differentiation 1700:1714 arg1 extent 1679:1684 the extent 1675:1684 the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs 1675:1723 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 9 41 theme subcutaneous 1981:1992 arg1 implantation 1994:2005 subcutaneous implantation 1981:2005 subcutaneous implantation 1981:2005 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 2 42 contain containing 575:584 arg1 NMS 571:573 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS 550:573 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 550:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 42 contain containing 575:584 arg2 nHAP 601:604 intrafibrillar nHAP 586:604 intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 586:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 5 43 theme mineralization 1221:1234 arg1 method 1236:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 1 44 theme natural 401:407 arg1 physiology 421:430 the natural bone tissue physiology 397:430 the natural bone tissue physiology 397:430 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 3 45 theme NMS 942:944 arg1 properties 905:914 the physicochemical properties 885:914 the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS 885:944 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 2 46 theme CS/SF/nHAP 692:701 arg1 NMS 703:705 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS 682:705 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP 682:736 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 6 47 dep in 1379:1380 arg1 vitro 1382:1386 vitro 1382:1386 vitro 1382:1386 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 10 48 theme bone 2221:2224 arg1 regeneration 2226:2237 bone regeneration 2221:2237 bone regeneration 2221:2237 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 0 49 theme human 12:16 arg1 cells 35:39 human mesenchymal stem cells 12:39 human mesenchymal stem cells 12:39 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 7 50 theme composite 1651:1659 arg1 NMS 1661:1663 pristine and composite NMS 1638:1663 pristine and composite NMS 1638:1663 The proliferation of hMSCs showed no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 0 51 theme nanohydroxyapatite 59:76 arg1 content 78:84 intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content 44:84 intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content 44:84 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 0 52 theme stem 30:33 arg1 cells 35:39 human mesenchymal stem cells 12:39 human mesenchymal stem cells 12:39 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 10 53 theme postimplantation 2163:2178 arg1 analysis 2102:2109 histological and immunohistochemical analysis 2065:2109 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 53 theme postimplantation 2163:2178 arg1 images 2047:2052 Micro-computed tomography images 2021:2052 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 4 54 theme composite 995:1003 arg1 membranes 1017:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 6 55 theme cell 1388:1391 arg1 experiments 1401:1411 in vitro cell culture experiments 1379:1411 in vitro cell culture experiments 1379:1411 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 4 56 theme scanning 1092:1099 arg1 SEM 1122:1124 SEM 1122:1124 SEM 1122:1124 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 4 56 theme scanning 1092:1099 arg1 microscopy 1110:1119 scanning electron microscopy 1092:1119 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1092:1125 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 10 57 theme Micro-computed 2021:2034 arg1 images 2047:2052 Micro-computed tomography images 2021:2052 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 8 58 theme hMSCs 1719:1723 arg1 differentiation 1700:1714 osteogenic differentiation 1689:1714 osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs 1689:1723 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 2 59 contain containing 707:716 arg2 nHAP 733:736 extrafibrillar nHAP 718:736 extrafibrillar nHAP 718:736 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 59 contain containing 707:716 arg1 NMS 703:705 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS 682:705 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP 682:736 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 5 60 theme ultimate 1348:1355 arg1 stress 1365:1370 ultimate maximum stress 1348:1370 ultimate maximum stress 1348:1370 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 6 61 theme location 1462:1469 arg1 effects 1434:1440 the effects 1430:1440 the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1430:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 6 62 theme culture 1393:1399 arg1 experiments 1401:1411 in vitro cell culture experiments 1379:1411 in vitro cell culture experiments 1379:1411 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 10 63 theme histological 2065:2076 arg1 analysis 2102:2109 histological and immunohistochemical analysis 2065:2109 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 64 theme immunohistochemical 2082:2100 arg1 analysis 2102:2109 histological and immunohistochemical analysis 2065:2109 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 6 65 theme content 1450:1456 arg1 effects 1434:1440 the effects 1430:1440 the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1430:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 5 66 theme alternative 1193:1203 arg1 method 1236:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 the alternative soaking surface mineralization method 1189:1241 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 9 67 from blending 1968:1975 arg1 mice 2015:2018 nude mice 2010:2018 nude mice 2010:2018 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 1 68 theme cell 486:489 arg1 population 491:500 the implanted cell population 472:500 the implanted cell population 472:500 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 6 69 theme cells 1557:1561 arg1 proliferation 1474:1486 proliferation 1474:1486 proliferation 1474:1486 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 6 69 theme cells 1557:1561 arg1 differentiation 1503:1517 osteogenic differentiation 1492:1517 osteogenic differentiation 1492:1517 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 1 70 theme nanofibrous 295:305 arg1 NMS 326:328 NMS 326:328 NMS 326:328 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 1 70 theme nanofibrous 295:305 arg1 scaffold 316:323 a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold 261:323 a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) 261:329 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 2 71 theme surface 789:795 arg1 mineralization 797:810 alternative soaking surface mineralization 769:810 alternative soaking surface mineralization 769:810 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 6 72 theme mesenchymal 1540:1550 arg1 hMSCs 1564:1568 hMSCs 1564:1568 hMSCs 1564:1568 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 6 72 theme mesenchymal 1540:1550 arg1 cells 1557:1561 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 1522:1561 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1522:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 2 73 theme nHAP 640:643 arg1 blending 617:624 in situ blending 609:624 in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 609:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 74 theme alternative 769:779 arg1 mineralization 797:810 alternative soaking surface mineralization 769:810 alternative soaking surface mineralization 769:810 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 6 75 theme bone 1528:1531 arg1 marrow 1533:1538 human bone marrow 1522:1538 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1522:1569 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 9 76 theme % 1938:1938 arg1 NMS 1944:1946 CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS 1930:1946 CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice 1930:2018 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 7 77 theme pristine 1638:1645 arg1 NMS 1661:1663 pristine and composite NMS 1638:1663 pristine and composite NMS 1638:1663 The proliferation of hMSCs showed no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 10 78 theme promising 2265:2273 arg1 scaffold 2275:2282 a promising scaffold 2263:2282 a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering 2263:2310 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 78 theme promising 2265:2273 arg1 NMS 2195:2197 NMS 2195:2197 NMS 2195:2197 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 79 theme construct 2138:2146 arg1 analysis 2102:2109 histological and immunohistochemical analysis 2065:2109 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 10 79 theme construct 2138:2146 arg1 images 2047:2052 Micro-computed tomography images 2021:2052 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 0 80 theme nanofibrous 179:189 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 9 81 dep in 1960:1961 arg1 situ 1963:1966 situ 1963:1966 situ 1963:1966 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 2 82 dep nHAP 640:643 arg1 % 638:638 % 638:638 % 638:638 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 83 theme intrafibrillar 586:599 arg1 nHAP 601:604 intrafibrillar nHAP 586:604 intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 586:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 10 84 theme retrieved 2118:2126 arg1 construct 2138:2146 the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2114:2178 construct 2138:2146 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 4 85 theme nanofibrous 1005:1015 arg1 membranes 1017:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 6 86 theme osteogenic 1492:1501 arg1 differentiation 1503:1517 osteogenic differentiation 1492:1517 osteogenic differentiation 1492:1517 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 10 87 theme tissue 2293:2298 arg1 engineering 2300:2310 bone tissue engineering 2288:2310 bone tissue engineering 2288:2310 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 0 88 from content 78:84 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 10 89 theme months 2156:2161 arg1 postimplantation 2163:2178 the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2114:2178 postimplantation 2163:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 8 90 from content 1772:1778 arg1 NMS 1795:1797 the NMS 1791:1797 the NMS 1791:1797 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 4 91 theme nHAP 983:986 arg1 presence 964:971 the presence 960:971 the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes 960:1025 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 7 92 theme hMSCs 1593:1597 arg1 proliferation 1576:1588 The proliferation 1572:1588 The proliferation of hMSCs 1572:1597 The proliferation of hMSCs showed no significant difference among pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 2 93 theme extrafibrillar 718:731 arg1 nHAP 733:736 extrafibrillar nHAP 718:736 extrafibrillar nHAP 718:736 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 5 94 theme NMS 1299:1301 arg1 properties 1281:1290 the mechanical properties 1266:1290 the mechanical properties of the NMS 1266:1301 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 4 95 dep confirmed 950:958 arg1 exposed 1150:1156 exposed 1150:1156 exposed on the nanofiber 1150:1173 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 4 95 dep confirmed 950:958 arg1 either 1128:1133 either 1128:1133 either 1128:1133 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 2 96 theme pristine 530:537 arg1 NMS 545:547 pristine CS/SF NMS 530:547 pristine CS/SF NMS 530:547 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 97 theme 30 752:753 arg1 % 754:754 % 754:754 % 754:754 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 5 98 theme mechanical 1270:1279 arg1 properties 1281:1290 the mechanical properties 1266:1290 the mechanical properties of the NMS 1266:1301 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 4 99 theme nm 980:981 arg1 nHAP 983:986 ~30 nm nHAP 976:986 ~30 nm nHAP 976:986 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 0 100 theme extrafibrillar 90:103 arg1 nanohydroxyapatite 105:122 extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite 90:122 extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite 90:122 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 4 101 dep either 1128:1133 arg1 embedded 1135:1142 embedded 1135:1142 embedded 1135:1142 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 3 102 theme composite 932:940 arg1 NMS 942:944 pristine and composite NMS 919:944 pristine and composite NMS 919:944 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 6 103 theme in 1379:1380 arg1 experiments 1401:1411 in vitro cell culture experiments 1379:1411 in vitro cell culture experiments 1379:1411 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 3 104 theme nanoparticles 868:880 arg1 incorporation 847:859 the incorporation 843:859 the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles 843:880 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 3 105 theme pristine 919:926 arg1 NMS 942:944 pristine and composite NMS 919:944 pristine and composite NMS 919:944 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 2 106 theme composite 550:558 arg1 NMS 571:573 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS 550:573 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step 550:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 2 107 theme electrospinning 656:670 arg1 step 672:675 the electrospinning step 652:675 the electrospinning step 652:675 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 0 108 theme chitosan/silk 138:150 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 8 109 from nHAP 1783:1786 arg1 NMS 1795:1797 the NMS 1791:1797 the NMS 1791:1797 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 4 110 attach presence 964:971 arg1 membranes 1017:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 the composite nanofibrous membranes 991:1025 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 4 110 attach presence 964:971 arg2 nHAP 983:986 ~30 nm nHAP 976:986 ~30 nm nHAP 976:986 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 1 111 theme bone 409:412 arg1 physiology 421:430 the natural bone tissue physiology 397:430 the natural bone tissue physiology 397:430 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 8 112 theme osteogenic 1689:1698 arg1 differentiation 1700:1714 osteogenic differentiation 1689:1714 osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs 1689:1723 However, the extent of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was found to be positively correlated with the content of nHAP in the NMS, while its location within the nanofiber played a less significant role. 25609962 2 113 theme composite 682:690 arg1 NMS 703:705 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS 682:705 composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP 682:736 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 0 114 theme mesenchymal 18:28 arg1 cells 35:39 human mesenchymal stem cells 12:39 human mesenchymal stem cells 12:39 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 4 115 theme X-ray 1063:1067 arg1 XRD 1082:1084 XRD 1082:1084 XRD 1082:1084 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 4 115 theme X-ray 1063:1067 arg1 diffraction 1069:1079 X-ray diffraction 1063:1079 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 1063:1085 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 5 116 theme % 1318:1318 arg1 drop 1320:1323 88% and 94% drop 1308:1323 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress 1308:1370 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 0 117 theme cells 35:39 arg1 Response 0:7 Response 0:7 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 0:209 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 5 118 theme Young 1328:1332 arg1 modulus 1336:1342 Young's modulus 1328:1342 Young's modulus 1328:1342 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 25609962 4 119 theme thermogravimetry 1030:1045 arg1 TGA 1057:1059 TGA 1057:1059 TGA 1057:1059 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 4 119 theme thermogravimetry 1030:1045 arg1 analysis 1047:1054 thermogravimetry analysis 1030:1054 thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) 1030:1060 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 0 120 theme biomimetic 127:136 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds 127:208 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 0 121 theme intrafibrillar 44:57 arg1 content 78:84 intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content 44:84 intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content 44:84 Response of human mesenchymal stem cells to intrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite content and extrafibrillar nanohydroxyapatite in biomimetic chitosan/silk fibroin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous membrane scaffolds. 25609962 3 122 from effect 833:838 arg1 properties 905:914 the physicochemical properties 885:914 the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS 885:944 We investigated the effect of the incorporation of HAP nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pristine and composite NMS. 25609962 6 123 from effects 1434:1440 arg1 proliferation 1474:1486 proliferation 1474:1486 proliferation 1474:1486 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 6 123 from effects 1434:1440 arg1 differentiation 1503:1517 osteogenic differentiation 1492:1517 osteogenic differentiation 1492:1517 Using in vitro cell culture experiments, we investigated the effects of nHAP content and location on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 25609962 1 124 theme favorable 345:353 arg1 microenvironment 355:370 a favorable microenvironment 343:370 a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population 343:500 Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) within a chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membrane scaffold (NMS) may provide a favorable microenvironment that more closely mimics the natural bone tissue physiology and facilitates enhanced osteogensis of the implanted cell population. 25609962 9 125 from implantation 1994:2005 arg1 mice 2015:2018 nude mice 2010:2018 nude mice 2010:2018 In vivo experiments were carried out with hMSCs seeded in CS/SF/30%nHAP NMS prepared by in situ blending and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. 25609962 10 126 theme tomography 2036:2045 arg1 images 2047:2052 Micro-computed tomography images 2021:2052 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation 2021:2178 Micro-computed tomography images as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved hMSCs/NMS construct 1 and 2 months postimplantation indicated that NMS had the potential for bone regeneration and can be suggested as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 25609962 2 127 dep in 609:610 arg1 situ 612:615 situ 612:615 situ 612:615 In this study, we prepared pristine CS/SF NMS, composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing intrafibrillar nHAP by in situ blending of 10% or 30% nHAP before the electrospinning step, and composite CS/SF/nHAP NMS containing extrafibrillar nHAP by depositing 30% nHAP through alternative soaking surface mineralization. 25609962 4 128 theme electron 1101:1108 arg1 SEM 1122:1124 SEM 1122:1124 SEM 1122:1124 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 4 128 theme electron 1101:1108 arg1 microscopy 1110:1119 scanning electron microscopy 1092:1119 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1092:1125 We confirmed the presence of ~30 nm nHAP in the composite nanofibrous membranes by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), either embedded in or exposed on the nanofiber. 25609962 5 129 theme maximum 1357:1363 arg1 stress 1365:1370 ultimate maximum stress 1348:1370 ultimate maximum stress 1348:1370 Nonetheless, the alternative soaking surface mineralization method drastically influenced the mechanical properties of the NMS with 88% and 94% drop in Young's modulus and ultimate maximum stress. 28182562 8 0 theme functional 1083:1092 arg1 role 1094:1097 the functional role 1079:1097 the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP 1079:1150 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 10 1 theme altered 1434:1440 arg1 current 1446:1452 altered Na+ current 1434:1452 altered Na+ current ( ) 1434:1456 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 6 2 theme channel 797:803 arg1 gating 805:810 ion channel gating 793:810 ion channel gating 793:810 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 1 3 theme mass 230:233 arg1 mass 230:233 the protein's mass 216:233 the protein's mass containing glycans 216:252 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 1 3 theme mass 230:233 arg1 % 211:211 up to 30% 203:211 up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans 203:252 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 6 4 theme computer 873:880 arg1 experiments 882:892 computer experiments 873:892 computer experiments 873:892 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 11 5 theme functional 1563:1572 arg1 role 1574:1577 the functional role 1559:1577 the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1559:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 5 6 theme altered 664:670 arg1 gating 672:677 altered gating 664:677 altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively) 664:736 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 8 7 theme sialylation 1110:1120 arg1 role 1094:1097 the functional role 1079:1097 the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP 1079:1150 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 5 8 theme gene 640:643 arg1 deletion 606:613 deletion 606:613 deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, 606:653 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 6 9 theme reduced 770:776 arg1 sialylation 778:788 reduced sialylation 770:788 reduced sialylation 770:788 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 10 10 theme refractory 1488:1497 arg1 period 1499:1504 AP refractory period 1485:1504 AP refractory period 1485:1504 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 5 11 theme K+ 704:705 arg1 channels 707:714 voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels 682:714 channels 707:714 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 0 12 theme Myocytes 125:132 arg1 Gating 97:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating 68:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 68:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 7 13 theme components 983:992 arg1 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 7 13 theme components 983:992 arg1 sum 917:919 the sum 913:919 decomposing the sum of K+ currents 901:934 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 9 14 dep shifted 1318:1324 arg1 1 1262:1262 1 1262:1262 1 1262:1262 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 5 15 theme voltage-gated 682:694 arg1 Na+ 696:698 voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels 682:714 Na+ 696:698 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 11 16 theme heart 1724:1728 arg1 diseases 1730:1737 CDG-related heart diseases 1712:1737 CDG-related heart diseases 1712:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 7 17 theme structures 968:977 arg1 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 7 17 theme structures 968:977 arg1 sum 917:919 the sum 913:919 decomposing the sum of K+ currents 901:934 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 0 18 from Gating 97:102 arg1 Modeling 10:17 In-Silico Modeling 0:17 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 0:133 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 5 19 theme Na+ 696:698 arg1 gating 672:677 altered gating 664:677 altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively) 664:736 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 9 20 theme depolarized 1336:1346 arg1 potential 1348:1356 a more depolarized potential 1329:1356 a more depolarized potential 1329:1356 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 1 21 contain containing 235:244 arg2 glycans 246:252 glycans 246:252 glycans 246:252 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 1 21 contain containing 235:244 arg1 mass 230:233 the protein's mass 216:233 the protein's mass containing glycans 216:252 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 11 22 theme strong 1636:1641 arg1 potential 1643:1651 strong potential 1636:1651 strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1636:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 0 23 theme Sialylation 53:63 arg1 Role 37:40 the Functional Role 22:40 the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 22:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 11 24 from role 1574:1577 arg1 dysfunction 1613:1623 cardiac dysfunction 1605:1623 cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1605:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 1 25 theme ion 143:145 arg1 channels 147:154 Cardiac ion channels 135:154 Cardiac ion channels 135:154 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 4 26 theme aberrant 462:469 arg1 glycosylation 471:483 aberrant glycosylation 462:483 aberrant glycosylation 462:483 There is an urgent need to study how aberrant glycosylation impacts cardiac electrical signaling. 28182562 10 27 theme K+ 1371:1372 arg1 currents 1374:1381 Aberrant K+ currents 1362:1381 Aberrant K+ currents 1362:1381 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 0 28 theme Sodium 68:73 arg1 Gating 97:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating 68:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 68:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 7 29 theme currents 927:934 arg1 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 7 29 theme currents 927:934 arg1 sum 917:919 the sum 913:919 decomposing the sum of K+ currents 901:934 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 11 30 theme new 1664:1666 arg1 targets 1683:1689 new pharmaceutical targets 1664:1689 new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1664:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 0 31 theme Potassium 79:87 arg1 Gating 97:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating 68:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 68:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 0 32 theme In-Silico 0:8 arg1 Modeling 10:17 In-Silico Modeling 0:17 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 0:133 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 10 33 theme prolonged 1407:1415 arg1 duration 1420:1427 a prolonged AP duration 1405:1427 a prolonged AP duration 1405:1427 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 8 34 dep in 1158:1159 arg1 vitro 1161:1165 vitro 1161:1165 vitro 1161:1165 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 0 35 theme Functional 26:35 arg1 Role 37:40 the Functional Role 22:40 the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 22:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 9 36 theme activation 1282:1291 arg1 voltages 1293:1300 The steady-state activation voltages 1265:1300 The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms 1265:1312 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 3 37 theme CDG 383:385 arg1 patients 387:394 CDG patients 383:394 CDG patients 383:394 However, cardiac dysfunction among CDG patients is not yet fully understood. 28182562 4 38 theme electrical 501:510 arg1 signaling 512:520 cardiac electrical signaling 493:520 cardiac electrical signaling 493:520 There is an urgent need to study how aberrant glycosylation impacts cardiac electrical signaling. 28182562 11 39 theme reduced 1582:1588 arg1 sialylation 1590:1600 reduced sialylation 1582:1600 reduced sialylation 1582:1600 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 6 40 theme action 819:824 arg1 AP 837:838 AP 837:838 AP 837:838 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 6 40 theme action 819:824 arg1 potential 826:834 the action potential 815:834 the action potential (AP) 815:839 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 8 41 theme in-silico 1050:1058 arg1 models 1060:1065 in-silico models 1050:1065 in-silico models 1050:1065 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 10 42 theme Na+ 1442:1444 arg1 current 1446:1452 altered Na+ current 1434:1452 altered Na+ current ( ) 1434:1456 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 1 43 gly glycosylated 167:178 arg1 channels 147:154 Cardiac ion channels 135:154 Cardiac ion channels 135:154 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 6 44 theme ion 793:795 arg1 gating 805:810 ion channel gating 793:810 ion channel gating 793:810 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 11 45 theme role 1574:1577 arg1 understanding 1542:1554 a better understanding 1533:1554 a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1533:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 5 46 theme sialyltransferase 622:638 arg1 ST3Gal4 646:652 ST3Gal4 646:652 ST3Gal4 646:652 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 5 46 theme sialyltransferase 622:638 arg1 gene 640:643 the sialyltransferase gene 618:643 the sialyltransferase gene 618:643 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 6 47 theme sialylation 778:788 arg1 impact 760:765 the impact 756:765 the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating 756:810 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 2 48 theme Heart 255:259 arg1 diseases 261:268 Heart diseases 255:268 Heart diseases 255:268 Heart diseases often accompany individuals with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28182562 8 49 theme reduced 1102:1108 arg1 sialylation 1110:1120 reduced sialylation 1102:1120 reduced sialylation 1102:1120 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 8 50 theme in 1158:1159 arg1 data 1180:1183 in vitro experimental data 1158:1183 in vitro experimental data 1158:1183 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 2 51 theme congenital 303:312 arg1 disorders 314:322 congenital disorders 303:322 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 303:345 Heart diseases often accompany individuals with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28182562 1 52 theme membrane 180:187 arg1 proteins 189:196 membrane proteins 180:196 membrane proteins 180:196 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 4 53 theme cardiac 493:499 arg1 signaling 512:520 cardiac electrical signaling 493:520 cardiac electrical signaling 493:520 There is an urgent need to study how aberrant glycosylation impacts cardiac electrical signaling. 28182562 8 54 theme experimental 1167:1178 arg1 data 1180:1183 in vitro experimental data 1158:1183 in vitro experimental data 1158:1183 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 10 55 theme AP 1485:1486 arg1 period 1499:1504 AP refractory period 1485:1504 AP refractory period 1485:1504 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 11 56 theme CDG-related 1712:1722 arg1 diseases 1730:1737 CDG-related heart diseases 1712:1737 CDG-related heart diseases 1712:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 0 57 theme Ventricular 113:123 arg1 Myocytes 125:132 Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 107:132 Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 107:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 5 58 theme channels 707:714 arg1 gating 672:677 altered gating 664:677 altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively) 664:736 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 4 59 theme urgent 437:442 arg1 need 444:447 an urgent need 434:447 an urgent need to study how aberrant glycosylation impacts cardiac electrical signaling 434:520 There is an urgent need to study how aberrant glycosylation impacts cardiac electrical signaling. 28182562 11 60 theme diseases 1730:1737 arg1 treatment 1699:1707 the treatment 1695:1707 the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1695:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 7 61 theme channels 997:1004 arg1 components 983:992 components 983:992 components of channels (e.g., 983:1011 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 7 61 theme channels 997:1004 arg1 structures 968:977 complex structures 960:977 complex structures 960:977 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 9 62 theme Modeling 1186:1193 arg1 results 1195:1201 Modeling results 1186:1201 Modeling results 1186:1201 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 7 63 theme complex 960:966 arg1 structures 968:977 complex structures 960:977 complex structures 960:977 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 1 64 theme Cardiac 135:141 arg1 channels 147:154 Cardiac ion channels 135:154 Cardiac ion channels 135:154 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 11 65 from dysfunction 1613:1623 arg1 understanding 1542:1554 a better understanding 1533:1554 a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1533:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 10 66 dep contribute 1391:1400 arg1 2 1359:1359 2 1359:1359 2 1359:1359 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 9 67 theme reduced 1215:1221 arg1 sialylation 1223:1233 reduced sialylation 1215:1233 reduced sialylation 1215:1233 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 2 68 with individuals 286:296 arg1 disorders 314:322 congenital disorders 303:322 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 303:345 Heart diseases often accompany individuals with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28182562 0 69 theme Mouse 107:111 arg1 Myocytes 125:132 Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 107:132 Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 107:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 0 70 from Modeling 10:17 arg1 Gating 97:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating 68:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 68:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 10 71 theme Aberrant 1362:1369 arg1 currents 1374:1381 Aberrant K+ currents 1362:1381 Aberrant K+ currents 1362:1381 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 0 72 theme Channel 89:95 arg1 Gating 97:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating 68:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 68:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 1 73 dep 30 209:210 arg1 to 206:207 to 206:207 to 206:207 Cardiac ion channels are highly glycosylated membrane proteins with up to 30% of the protein's mass containing glycans. 28182562 5 74 dep Na+ 696:698 arg1 respectively 724:735 respectively 724:735 respectively 724:735 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 7 75 dep structures 968:977 arg1 and 1015:1017 and 1015:1017 and 1015:1017 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 11 76 theme pharmaceutical 1668:1681 arg1 targets 1683:1689 new pharmaceutical targets 1664:1689 new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1664:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 7 77 theme K+ 924:925 arg1 currents 927:934 K+ currents 924:934 K+ currents 924:934 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 0 78 from Role 37:40 arg1 Gating 97:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating 68:102 Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes 68:132 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 5 79 theme reduced 569:575 arg1 sialylation 577:587 congenitally reduced sialylation 556:587 congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, 556:653 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 7 80 theme decomposing 901:911 arg1 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 difficult 939:947 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 7 80 theme decomposing 901:911 arg1 sum 917:919 the sum 913:919 decomposing the sum of K+ currents 901:934 Also, decomposing the sum of K+ currents is difficult because of complex structures and components of channels (e.g., , and ). 28182562 6 81 from impact 760:765 arg1 gating 805:810 ion channel gating 793:810 ion channel gating 793:810 However, linking the impact of reduced sialylation on ion channel gating to the action potential (AP) is difficult without performing computer experiments. 28182562 3 82 theme cardiac 357:363 arg1 dysfunction 365:375 cardiac dysfunction 357:375 cardiac dysfunction among CDG patients 357:394 However, cardiac dysfunction among CDG patients is not yet fully understood. 28182562 11 83 theme sialylation 1590:1600 arg1 role 1574:1577 the functional role 1559:1577 the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1559:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 0 84 theme Role 37:40 arg1 Modeling 10:17 In-Silico Modeling 0:17 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 0:133 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 9 85 theme steady-state 1269:1280 arg1 voltages 1293:1300 The steady-state activation voltages 1265:1300 The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms 1265:1312 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 0 86 theme Reduced 45:51 arg1 Sialylation 53:63 Reduced Sialylation 45:63 Reduced Sialylation 45:63 In-Silico Modeling of the Functional Role of Reduced Sialylation in Sodium and Potassium Channel Gating of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. 28182562 11 87 from understanding 1542:1554 arg1 dysfunction 1613:1623 cardiac dysfunction 1605:1623 cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1605:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 2 88 theme glycosylation 327:339 arg1 disorders 314:322 congenital disorders 303:322 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 303:345 Heart diseases often accompany individuals with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28182562 9 89 theme isoforms 1305:1312 arg1 voltages 1293:1300 The steady-state activation voltages 1265:1300 The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms 1265:1312 Modeling results showed that reduced sialylation changes gating as follows: 1) The steady-state activation voltages of isoforms are shifted to a more depolarized potential. 28182562 10 90 theme AP 1417:1418 arg1 duration 1420:1427 a prolonged AP duration 1405:1427 a prolonged AP duration 1405:1427 2) Aberrant K+ currents ( and ) contribute to a prolonged AP duration, and altered Na+ current ( ) contributes to a shortened AP refractory period. 28182562 11 91 theme cardiac 1605:1611 arg1 dysfunction 1613:1623 cardiac dysfunction 1605:1623 cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1605:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28182562 5 92 theme previous 527:534 arg1 works 536:540 Our previous works 523:540 Our previous works 523:540 Our previous works reported that congenitally reduced sialylation achieved through deletion of the sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal4, leads to altered gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels ( and , respectively). 28182562 8 93 from role 1094:1097 arg1 gating 1134:1139 and gating 1130:1139 gating 1134:1139 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 8 93 from role 1094:1097 arg1 AP 1149:1150 the AP 1145:1150 the AP 1145:1150 In this study, we developed in-silico models to describe the functional role of reduced sialylation in both and gating and the AP using in vitro experimental data. 28182562 11 94 theme better 1535:1540 arg1 understanding 1542:1554 a better understanding 1533:1554 a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases 1533:1737 This study contributes to a better understanding of the functional role of reduced sialylation in cardiac dysfunction that shows strong potential to provide new pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of CDG-related heart diseases. 28068070 4 0 theme intra-CNC 568:576 arg1 dimers 578:583 intra-CNC dimers 568:583 intra-CNC dimers 568:583 In toluene, the UPy motifs appear to form intra-CNC dimers, so that the particles are somewhat hydrophobized and well-dispersible in this nonpolar solvent. 28068070 7 1 theme filler 1224:1229 arg1 content 1231:1237 a filler content 1222:1237 a filler content of 15% w/w 1222:1248 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 3 2 theme polar 513:517 arg1 media 519:523 nonpolar as well as polar media 493:523 nonpolar as well as polar media 493:523 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 4 3 from solvent 673:679 arg1 hydrophobized 621:633 hydrophobized 621:633 hydrophobized 621:633 In toluene, the UPy motifs appear to form intra-CNC dimers, so that the particles are somewhat hydrophobized and well-dispersible in this nonpolar solvent. 28068070 4 3 from solvent 673:679 arg1 particles 598:606 the particles 594:606 the particles 594:606 In toluene, the UPy motifs appear to form intra-CNC dimers, so that the particles are somewhat hydrophobized and well-dispersible in this nonpolar solvent. 28068070 3 4 theme pyrimidinone 384:395 arg1 motif 403:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 7 5 theme neat 1143:1146 arg1 polymer 1148:1154 the neat polymer 1139:1154 the neat polymer 1139:1154 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 6 6 theme host 894:897 arg1 polymers 899:906 nonpolar and polar host polymers 875:906 nonpolar and polar host polymers 875:906 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 1 7 theme Cellulose 86:94 arg1 CNCs 110:113 CNCs 110:113 CNCs 110:113 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 1 7 theme Cellulose 86:94 arg1 nanocrystals 96:107 Cellulose nanocrystals 86:107 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 86:114 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 1 7 theme Cellulose 86:94 arg1 nanoparticles 175:187 rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles 133:187 rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles 133:187 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 3 8 theme 2-ureido-4[1H 370:382 arg1 motif 403:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 6 9 theme polar 888:892 arg1 polymers 899:906 nonpolar and polar host polymers 875:906 nonpolar and polar host polymers 875:906 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 7 10 from increase 1087:1094 arg1 comparison 1125:1134 comparison 1125:1134 comparison to the neat polymer 1125:1154 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 1 11 dep rigid 133:137 arg1 fiber-like 164:173 fiber-like 164:173 fiber-like 164:173 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 1 11 dep rigid 133:137 arg1 benign 156:161 benign 156:161 benign 156:161 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 7 12 theme strength 1113:1120 arg1 increase 1087:1094 an increase 1084:1094 an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer 1084:1154 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 4 13 theme nonpolar 664:671 arg1 solvent 673:679 this nonpolar solvent 659:679 this nonpolar solvent 659:679 In toluene, the UPy motifs appear to form intra-CNC dimers, so that the particles are somewhat hydrophobized and well-dispersible in this nonpolar solvent. 28068070 6 14 theme polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene 952:1000 arg1 elastomer 1002:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 14 theme polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene 952:1000 arg1 s 947:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 0 15 theme Cellulose 28:36 arg1 Nanocrystals 38:49 Cellulose Nanocrystals 28:49 Cellulose Nanocrystals Featuring Adaptive Surface Groups 28:83 Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals Featuring Adaptive Surface Groups. 28068070 4 16 theme UPy 542:544 arg1 motifs 546:551 the UPy motifs 538:551 the UPy motifs 538:551 In toluene, the UPy motifs appear to form intra-CNC dimers, so that the particles are somewhat hydrophobized and well-dispersible in this nonpolar solvent. 28068070 7 17 theme stiffness 1099:1107 arg1 increase 1087:1094 an increase 1084:1094 an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer 1084:1154 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 4 18 from hydrophobized 621:633 arg1 solvent 673:679 this nonpolar solvent 659:679 this nonpolar solvent 659:679 In toluene, the UPy motifs appear to form intra-CNC dimers, so that the particles are somewhat hydrophobized and well-dispersible in this nonpolar solvent. 28068070 3 19 theme UPy-modified 472:483 arg1 CNCs 485:488 UPy-modified CNCs 472:488 UPy-modified CNCs 472:488 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 3 20 theme UPy 398:400 arg1 motif 403:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 6 21 theme nonpolar 875:882 arg1 polymers 899:906 nonpolar and polar host polymers 875:906 nonpolar and polar host polymers 875:906 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 7 22 theme % 1244:1244 arg1 content 1231:1237 a filler content 1222:1237 a filler content of 15% w/w 1222:1248 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 3 23 theme CNCs 485:488 arg1 dispersion 458:467 the dispersion 454:467 the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media 454:523 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 3 24 theme adaptive 415:422 arg1 compatibilizer 424:437 an adaptive compatibilizer 412:437 an adaptive compatibilizer 412:437 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 5 25 theme UPy 699:701 arg1 motifs 703:708 the UPy motifs 695:708 the UPy motifs 695:708 By contrast, the UPy motifs dissociate in DMF and promote dispersibility through interactions with this polar solvent. 28068070 3 26 from dispersion 458:467 arg1 media 519:523 nonpolar as well as polar media 493:523 nonpolar as well as polar media 493:523 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 0 27 theme Surface 70:76 arg1 Groups 78:83 Adaptive Surface Groups 61:83 Adaptive Surface Groups 61:83 Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals Featuring Adaptive Surface Groups. 28068070 6 28 theme ethylene 938:945 arg1 poly 1016:1019 poly 1016:1019 poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) 1016:1054 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 28 theme ethylene 938:945 arg1 elastomer 1002:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 28 theme ethylene 938:945 arg1 s 947:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 29 theme UPy-modified 852:863 arg1 CNCs 865:868 UPy-modified CNCs 852:868 UPy-modified CNCs 852:868 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 0 30 theme Adaptive 61:68 arg1 Groups 78:83 Adaptive Surface Groups 61:83 Adaptive Surface Groups 61:83 Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals Featuring Adaptive Surface Groups. 28068070 2 31 theme renewable 224:232 arg1 biosources 234:243 renewable biosources 224:243 renewable biosources 224:243 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 1 32 theme rigid 133:137 arg1 nanocrystals 96:107 Cellulose nanocrystals 86:107 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 86:114 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 1 32 theme rigid 133:137 arg1 nanoparticles 175:187 rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles 133:187 rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles 133:187 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are mechanically rigid, toxicologically benign, fiber-like nanoparticles. 28068070 6 33 theme poly 933:936 arg1 poly 1016:1019 poly 1016:1019 poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) 1016:1054 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 33 theme poly 933:936 arg1 elastomer 1002:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 33 theme poly 933:936 arg1 s 947:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 2 34 theme reinforcing 288:298 arg1 interest 276:283 significant interest 264:283 significant interest 264:283 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 2 34 theme reinforcing 288:298 arg1 fillers 300:306 reinforcing fillers 288:306 reinforcing fillers in polymers 288:318 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 2 34 theme reinforcing 288:298 arg1 They 190:193 They 190:193 They 190:193 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 2 35 from fillers 300:306 arg1 polymers 311:318 polymers 311:318 polymers 311:318 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 5 36 with interactions 763:774 arg1 solvent 792:798 this polar solvent 781:798 this polar solvent 781:798 By contrast, the UPy motifs dissociate in DMF and promote dispersibility through interactions with this polar solvent. 28068070 3 37 theme nonpolar 493:500 arg1 media 519:523 nonpolar as well as polar media 493:523 nonpolar as well as polar media 493:523 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 3 38 theme CNCs 356:359 arg1 modification 340:351 the modification 336:351 the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media 336:523 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 3 39 with CNCs 356:359 arg1 motif 403:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif 366:407 We here report the modification of CNCs with the 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) motif as an adaptive compatibilizer, which permits the dispersion of UPy-modified CNCs in nonpolar as well as polar media. 28068070 7 40 theme w/w 1246:1248 arg1 % 1244:1244 15% w/w 1242:1248 15% w/w 1242:1248 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 5 41 theme polar 786:790 arg1 solvent 792:798 this polar solvent 781:798 this polar solvent 781:798 By contrast, the UPy motifs dissociate in DMF and promote dispersibility through interactions with this polar solvent. 28068070 6 42 theme different 923:931 arg1 poly 1016:1019 poly 1016:1019 poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) 1016:1054 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 42 theme different 923:931 arg1 elastomer 1002:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer 950:1010 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 42 theme different 923:931 arg1 s 947:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 different poly(ethylene)s 923:947 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 2 43 theme significant 264:274 arg1 interest 276:283 significant interest 264:283 significant interest 264:283 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 2 43 theme significant 264:274 arg1 fillers 300:306 reinforcing fillers 288:306 reinforcing fillers in polymers 288:318 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 2 43 theme significant 264:274 arg1 They 190:193 They 190:193 They 190:193 They can easily be extracted from renewable biosources and have attracted significant interest as reinforcing fillers in polymers. 28068070 7 44 theme high 1188:1191 arg1 elongation 1193:1202 a high elongation 1186:1202 a high elongation 1186:1202 All nanocomposites display an increase of stiffness and strength in comparison to the neat polymer, and some compositions retain a high elongation at break, even at a filler content of 15% w/w. 28068070 6 45 theme ethylene 1021:1028 arg1 poly 1016:1019 poly 1016:1019 poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) 1016:1054 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 28068070 6 45 theme ethylene 1021:1028 arg1 oxide-co-epichlorohydrin 1030:1053 ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin 1021:1053 ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin 1021:1053 We have exploited this adaptiveness and integrated UPy-modified CNCs into nonpolar and polar host polymers, which include different poly(ethylene)s, a polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene elastomer and poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin). 27973816 6 0 theme stabilization 1333:1345 arg1 effect 1347:1352 its extraordinary stabilization effect 1315:1352 its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials 1315:1376 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 4 1 theme previous 874:881 arg1 studies 903:909 previous neutron diffraction studies 874:909 previous neutron diffraction studies 874:909 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 1 2 theme trehalose 155:163 arg1 solution 126:133 an aqueous solution 115:133 an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) 115:175 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 1 2 theme trehalose 155:163 arg1 C12H22O11 166:174 C12H22O11 166:174 C12H22O11 166:174 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 4 3 theme hydrogen 760:767 arg1 bonding 769:775 a substantial hydrogen bonding 746:775 a substantial hydrogen bonding 746:775 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 1 4 theme refinement 251:260 arg1 modeling 262:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 4 5 theme diffraction 891:901 arg1 studies 903:909 previous neutron diffraction studies 874:909 previous neutron diffraction studies 874:909 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 6 6 theme network 1245:1251 arg1 character 1253:1261 This strong network character 1233:1261 This strong network character of the solution 1233:1277 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 2 7 theme water 351:355 arg1 molecules 357:365 38 water molecules 348:365 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule 348:388 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 5 8 dep picture 1133:1139 arg1 prefers 1156:1162 prefers 1156:1162 prefers to interact with water and participate in a hydrogen-bonded network 1156:1230 Thus, the results give the structural picture that trehalose prefers to interact with water and participate in a hydrogen-bonded network. 27973816 6 9 theme strong 1238:1243 arg1 character 1253:1261 This strong network character 1233:1261 This strong network character of the solution 1233:1277 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 3 10 theme diffraction 550:560 arg1 this 524:527 this 524:527 this 524:527 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 10 theme diffraction 550:560 arg1 study 562:566 the first neutron diffraction study 532:566 the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated 532:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 11 from study 562:566 arg1 fact 518:521 fact 518:521 fact 518:521 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 11 from study 562:566 arg1 deuterated 667:676 deuterated 667:676 deuterated 667:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 11 from study 562:566 arg1 atoms 644:648 the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms 615:648 the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose 615:661 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 4 12 with possible 706:713 arg1 approach 689:696 this approach 684:696 this approach 684:696 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 3 13 theme trehalose 582:590 arg1 solution 592:599 an aqueous trehalose solution 571:599 an aqueous trehalose solution 571:599 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 4 14 dep studies 903:909 arg1 contrast 862:869 contrast 862:869 contrast 862:869 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 6 15 theme biological 1357:1366 arg1 materials 1368:1376 biological materials 1357:1376 biological materials 1357:1376 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 4 16 theme trehalose 829:837 arg1 molecule 839:846 trehalose molecule 829:846 trehalose molecule 829:846 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 5 17 theme hydrogen-bonded 1208:1222 arg1 network 1224:1230 a hydrogen-bonded network 1206:1230 a hydrogen-bonded network 1206:1230 Thus, the results give the structural picture that trehalose prefers to interact with water and participate in a hydrogen-bonded network. 27973816 2 18 theme isotope 286:292 arg1 compositions 294:305 Six different isotope compositions 272:305 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) 272:389 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 2 19 theme trehalose-trehalose 454:472 arg1 correlations 474:485 water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations 420:485 water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations 420:485 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 6 20 theme key 1299:1301 arg1 reasons 1303:1309 the key reasons 1295:1309 the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials 1295:1376 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 2 21 theme different 276:284 arg1 compositions 294:305 Six different isotope compositions 272:305 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) 272:389 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 6 22 theme reasons 1303:1309 arg1 one 1288:1290 one 1288:1290 one 1288:1290 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 6 22 theme reasons 1303:1309 arg1 reasons 1303:1309 the key reasons 1295:1309 the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials 1295:1376 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 6 23 theme extraordinary 1319:1331 arg1 effect 1347:1352 its extraordinary stabilization effect 1315:1352 its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials 1315:1376 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 3 24 theme aqueous 574:580 arg1 solution 592:599 an aqueous trehalose solution 571:599 an aqueous trehalose solution 571:599 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 25 from atoms 644:648 arg1 trehalose 653:661 trehalose 653:661 trehalose 653:661 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 4 26 dep trehalose 785:793 arg1 bonds 819:823 ∼11 hydrogen bonds 806:823 ∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule 806:846 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 5 27 theme structural 1122:1131 arg1 picture 1133:1139 the structural picture 1118:1139 the structural picture that trehalose prefers to interact with water and participate in a hydrogen-bonded network 1118:1230 Thus, the results give the structural picture that trehalose prefers to interact with water and participate in a hydrogen-bonded network. 27973816 2 28 theme % 318:318 arg1 trehalose 320:328 33 wt % trehalose 312:328 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) 312:389 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 0 29 theme Trehalose 21:29 arg1 Solution 31:38 Aqueous Trehalose Solution 13:38 Aqueous Trehalose Solution 13:38 Structure of Aqueous Trehalose Solution by Neutron Diffraction and Structural Modeling. 27973816 2 30 theme wt 315:316 arg1 trehalose 320:328 33 wt % trehalose 312:328 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) 312:389 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 2 31 theme water-water 420:430 arg1 correlations 474:485 water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations 420:485 water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations 420:485 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 1 32 theme molecular 92:100 arg1 structure 102:110 The molecular structure 88:110 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) 88:175 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 3 33 theme first 536:540 arg1 this 524:527 this 524:527 this 524:527 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 33 theme first 536:540 arg1 study 562:566 the first neutron diffraction study 532:566 the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated 532:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 4 34 theme other 1074:1078 arg1 disaccharides 1080:1092 other disaccharides 1074:1092 other disaccharides 1074:1092 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 3 35 theme neutron 542:548 arg1 this 524:527 this 524:527 this 524:527 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 35 theme neutron 542:548 arg1 study 562:566 the first neutron diffraction study 532:566 the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated 532:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 1 36 theme neutron 197:203 arg1 diffraction 205:215 neutron diffraction 197:215 neutron diffraction 197:215 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 0 37 theme Solution 31:38 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of Aqueous Trehalose Solution by Neutron Diffraction and Structural Modeling. 0:86 Structure of Aqueous Trehalose Solution by Neutron Diffraction and Structural Modeling. 27973816 4 38 theme trehalose 958:966 arg1 clustering 944:953 clustering 944:953 clustering of trehalose 944:966 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 4 39 theme clustering 944:953 arg1 tendency 932:939 no tendency 929:939 no tendency of clustering of trehalose 929:966 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 2 40 theme trehalose-water 433:447 arg1 correlations 474:485 water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations 420:485 water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations 420:485 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 3 41 from deuterated 667:676 arg1 this 524:527 this 524:527 this 524:527 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 41 from deuterated 667:676 arg1 study 562:566 the first neutron diffraction study 532:566 the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated 532:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 6 42 from effect 1347:1352 arg1 materials 1368:1376 biological materials 1357:1376 biological materials 1357:1376 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 3 43 theme solution 592:599 arg1 this 524:527 this 524:527 this 524:527 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 43 theme solution 592:599 arg1 study 562:566 the first neutron diffraction study 532:566 the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated 532:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 4 44 dep is 743:744 arg1 1 734:734 1 734:734 1 734:734 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 0 45 theme Neutron 43:49 arg1 Diffraction 51:61 Neutron Diffraction 43:61 Neutron Diffraction 43:61 Structure of Aqueous Trehalose Solution by Neutron Diffraction and Structural Modeling. 27973816 6 46 theme solution 1270:1277 arg1 character 1253:1261 This strong network character 1233:1261 This strong network character of the solution 1233:1277 This strong network character of the solution might be one of the key reasons for its extraordinary stabilization effect on biological materials. 27973816 4 47 theme hydrogen 810:817 arg1 bonds 819:823 ∼11 hydrogen bonds 806:823 ∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule 806:846 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 1 48 theme aqueous 118:124 arg1 solution 126:133 an aqueous solution 115:133 an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) 115:175 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 1 48 theme aqueous 118:124 arg1 C12H22O11 166:174 C12H22O11 166:174 C12H22O11 166:174 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 4 49 theme dynamics 1024:1031 arg1 simulations 1033:1043 molecular dynamics simulations 1014:1043 molecular dynamics simulations 1014:1043 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 3 50 theme nonexchangeable 619:633 arg1 deuterated 667:676 deuterated 667:676 deuterated 667:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 50 theme nonexchangeable 619:633 arg1 atoms 644:648 the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms 615:648 the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose 615:661 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 4 51 theme neutron 883:889 arg1 studies 903:909 previous neutron diffraction studies 874:909 previous neutron diffraction studies 874:909 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 3 52 theme hydrogen 635:642 arg1 deuterated 667:676 deuterated 667:676 deuterated 667:676 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 3 52 theme hydrogen 635:642 arg1 atoms 644:648 the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms 615:648 the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose 615:661 In fact, this is the first neutron diffraction study of an aqueous trehalose solution in which also the nonexchangeable hydrogen atoms in trehalose are deuterated. 27973816 1 53 theme solution 126:133 arg1 structure 102:110 The molecular structure 88:110 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) 88:175 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 4 54 theme molecular 1014:1022 arg1 simulations 1033:1043 molecular dynamics simulations 1014:1043 molecular dynamics simulations 1014:1043 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 2 55 with compositions 294:305 arg1 trehalose 320:328 33 wt % trehalose 312:328 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) 312:389 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 4 56 theme substantial 748:758 arg1 bonding 769:775 a substantial hydrogen bonding 746:775 a substantial hydrogen bonding 746:775 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 1 57 theme empirical 221:229 arg1 modeling 262:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 0 58 theme Structural 67:76 arg1 Modeling 78:85 Structural Modeling 67:85 Structural Modeling 67:85 Structure of Aqueous Trehalose Solution by Neutron Diffraction and Structural Modeling. 27973816 4 59 dep is 926:927 arg1 2 917:917 2 917:917 2 917:917 With this approach, it was possible to determine that (1) there is a substantial hydrogen bonding between trehalose and water (∼11 hydrogen bonds per trehalose molecule), which is in contrast to previous neutron diffraction studies, and (2) there is no tendency of clustering of trehalose, in contrast to what is generally observed by molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally found for other disaccharides. 27973816 2 60 theme trehalose 371:379 arg1 molecule 381:388 trehalose molecule 371:388 trehalose molecule 371:388 Six different isotope compositions with 33 wt % trehalose (corresponding to 38 water molecules per trehalose molecule) were measured to ensure that water-water, trehalose-water, and trehalose-trehalose correlations were accurately determined. 27973816 1 61 theme potential 231:239 arg1 modeling 262:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 0 62 theme Aqueous 13:19 arg1 Solution 31:38 Aqueous Trehalose Solution 13:38 Aqueous Trehalose Solution 13:38 Structure of Aqueous Trehalose Solution by Neutron Diffraction and Structural Modeling. 27973816 1 63 theme disaccharide 142:153 arg1 trehalose 155:163 the disaccharide trehalose 138:163 the disaccharide trehalose 138:163 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 27973816 1 64 theme structure 241:249 arg1 modeling 262:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 empirical potential structure refinement modeling 221:269 The molecular structure of an aqueous solution of the disaccharide trehalose (C12H22O11) has been studied by neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling. 24556115 2 0 dep central 522:528 arg1 points 540:545 points 540:545 points 540:545 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 1 1 theme antioxidant 267:277 arg1 activity 279:286 antioxidant activity 267:286 antioxidant activity 267:286 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 3 2 theme emulsion 677:684 arg1 stability 686:694 emulsion stability 677:694 emulsion stability 677:694 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 0 3 theme quince 78:83 arg1 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 0 3 theme quince 78:83 arg1 activity 40:47 antioxidant activity 28:47 antioxidant activity 28:47 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 0 3 theme quince 78:83 arg1 properties 64:73 functional properties 53:73 functional properties 53:73 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 1 4 theme response 374:381 arg1 methodology 391:401 response surface methodology 374:401 response surface methodology (RSM) 374:407 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 4 theme response 374:381 arg1 RSM 404:406 RSM 404:406 RSM 404:406 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 3 5 theme extraction 594:603 arg1 conditions 605:614 the optimum extraction conditions 582:614 the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity 582:758 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 2 6 theme Center 472:477 arg1 Design 479:484 Central Composite Face Center Design 449:484 Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points 449:545 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 1 7 theme surface 383:389 arg1 methodology 391:401 response surface methodology 374:401 response surface methodology (RSM) 374:407 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 7 theme surface 383:389 arg1 RSM 404:406 RSM 404:406 RSM 404:406 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 3 8 theme seed 811:814 arg1 25.1:1 822:827 seed ratio 25.1:1 811:827 seed ratio 25.1:1 811:827 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 3 9 theme time 769:772 arg1 min 776:778 time 5 min 769:778 time 5 min 769:778 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 2 10 theme Face 467:470 arg1 Design 479:484 Central Composite Face Center Design 449:484 Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points 449:545 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 1 11 theme emulsion 289:296 arg1 stability 298:306 emulsion stability 289:306 emulsion stability 289:306 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 4 12 theme antioxidant 910:920 arg1 activity 922:929 antioxidant activity 910:929 antioxidant activity 910:929 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 2 13 theme Composite 457:465 arg1 Design 479:484 Central Composite Face Center Design 449:484 Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points 449:545 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 5 14 theme quince 1113:1118 arg1 mucilage 1125:1132 quince seed mucilage 1113:1132 quince seed mucilage 1113:1132 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 2 15 theme Central 449:455 arg1 Design 479:484 Central Composite Face Center Design 449:484 Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points 449:545 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 stability 960:968 foam stability 955:968 foam stability 955:968 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 activity 922:929 antioxidant activity 910:929 antioxidant activity 910:929 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 content 879:885 protein content 871:885 protein content 871:885 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 yield 864:868 extraction yield 853:868 extraction yield 853:868 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 turbidity 888:896 turbidity 888:896 turbidity 888:896 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 viscosity 899:907 viscosity 899:907 viscosity 899:907 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg2 stability 941:949 emulsion stability 932:949 emulsion stability 932:949 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 4 16 located found 975:979 arg1 point 846:850 this optimum point 833:850 this optimum point 833:850 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 5 17 theme seed 1120:1123 arg1 mucilage 1125:1132 quince seed mucilage 1113:1132 quince seed mucilage 1113:1132 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 1 18 theme extraction 155:164 arg1 time 166:169 extraction time 155:169 extraction time (5-25 min) 155:180 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 18 theme extraction 155:164 arg1 min 177:179 5-25 min 172:179 5-25 min 172:179 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 19 theme foam 312:315 arg1 stability 317:325 foam stability 312:325 foam stability 312:325 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 5 20 theme foaming 1197:1203 arg1 properties 1205:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 20 theme foaming 1197:1203 arg1 activity 1160:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 1 21 theme time 166:169 arg1 effect 111:116 The effect 107:116 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage 107:349 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 4 22 theme emulsion 932:939 arg1 stability 941:949 emulsion stability 932:949 emulsion stability 932:949 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 3 23 theme highest 629:635 arg1 yield 637:641 the highest yield 625:641 the highest yield 625:641 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 turbidity 245:253 turbidity 245:253 turbidity 245:253 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 viscosity 256:264 viscosity 256:264 viscosity 256:264 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 stability 298:306 emulsion stability 289:306 emulsion stability 289:306 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 yield 221:225 yield 221:225 yield 221:225 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 content 236:242 protein content 228:242 protein content 228:242 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 activity 279:286 antioxidant activity 267:286 antioxidant activity 267:286 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 24 from effect 111:116 arg1 stability 317:325 foam stability 312:325 foam stability 312:325 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 0 25 theme extraction 16:25 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince 0:83 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 1 26 theme protein 228:234 arg1 content 236:242 protein content 228:242 protein content 228:242 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 5 27 contain had 1134:1136 arg2 viscosity 1170:1178 viscosity 1170:1178 viscosity 1170:1178 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 27 contain had 1134:1136 arg2 properties 1205:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 27 contain had 1134:1136 arg2 activity 1160:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 27 contain had 1134:1136 arg1 mucilage 1125:1132 quince seed mucilage 1113:1132 quince seed mucilage 1113:1132 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 0 28 theme activity 40:47 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince 0:83 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 3 29 theme foam 700:703 arg1 stability 705:713 foam stability 700:713 foam stability 700:713 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 0 30 theme antioxidant 28:38 arg1 activity 40:47 antioxidant activity 28:47 antioxidant activity 28:47 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 3 31 theme protein 730:736 arg1 content 738:744 the lowest protein content 719:744 the lowest protein content 719:744 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 4 32 theme extraction 853:862 arg1 yield 864:868 extraction yield 853:868 extraction yield 853:868 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 1 33 theme quince 330:335 arg1 mucilage 342:349 quince seed mucilage 330:349 quince seed mucilage 330:349 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 0 34 theme functional 53:62 arg1 properties 64:73 functional properties 53:73 functional properties 53:73 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 4 35 theme protein 871:877 arg1 content 879:885 protein content 871:885 protein content 871:885 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 1 36 theme seed 337:340 arg1 mucilage 342:349 quince seed mucilage 330:349 quince seed mucilage 330:349 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 turbidity 245:253 turbidity 245:253 turbidity 245:253 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 viscosity 256:264 viscosity 256:264 viscosity 256:264 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 stability 298:306 emulsion stability 289:306 emulsion stability 289:306 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 yield 221:225 yield 221:225 yield 221:225 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 content 236:242 protein content 228:242 protein content 228:242 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 activity 279:286 antioxidant activity 267:286 antioxidant activity 267:286 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 37 theme mucilage 342:349 arg1 stability 317:325 foam stability 312:325 foam stability 312:325 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 3 38 theme optimum 586:592 arg1 conditions 605:614 the optimum extraction conditions 582:614 the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity 582:758 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 3 39 theme lowest 723:728 arg1 content 738:744 the lowest protein content 719:744 the lowest protein content 719:744 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 4 40 theme optimum 838:844 arg1 point 846:850 this optimum point 833:850 this optimum point 833:850 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 5 41 theme emulsifying 1181:1191 arg1 properties 1205:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 41 theme emulsifying 1181:1191 arg1 activity 1160:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 2 42 with Design 479:484 arg1 axial 534:538 axial 534:538 axial 534:538 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 2 42 with Design 479:484 arg1 factors 503:509 these seven factors 491:509 these seven factors 491:509 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 2 42 with Design 479:484 arg1 central 522:528 central 522:528 central 522:528 Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Face Center Design with these seven factors, including central and axial points. 24556115 1 43 theme water 186:190 arg1 effect 111:116 The effect 107:116 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage 107:349 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 44 theme extraction 121:130 arg1 25-65°C 145:151 25-65°C 145:151 25-65°C 145:151 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 44 theme extraction 121:130 arg1 temperature 132:142 extraction temperature 121:142 extraction temperature (25-65°C) 121:152 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 3 45 theme temperature 781:791 arg1 65°C 793:796 temperature 65°C 781:796 temperature 65°C 781:796 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 5 46 theme antioxidant 1148:1158 arg1 properties 1205:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 46 theme antioxidant 1148:1158 arg1 viscosity 1170:1178 viscosity 1170:1178 viscosity 1170:1178 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 46 theme antioxidant 1148:1158 arg1 activity 1160:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 3 47 theme Numerical 548:556 arg1 optimization 558:569 Numerical optimization 548:569 Numerical optimization 548:569 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 5 48 theme desirable 1138:1146 arg1 properties 1205:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 emulsifying and foaming properties 1181:1214 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 48 theme desirable 1138:1146 arg1 viscosity 1170:1178 viscosity 1170:1178 viscosity 1170:1178 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 5 48 theme desirable 1138:1146 arg1 activity 1160:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 desirable antioxidant activity 1138:1167 The results demonstrated that quince seed mucilage had desirable antioxidant activity, viscosity, emulsifying and foaming properties. 24556115 1 49 theme temperature 132:142 arg1 effect 111:116 The effect 107:116 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage 107:349 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 50 theme seed 195:198 arg1 10:1-50:1 207:215 10:1-50:1 207:215 10:1-50:1 207:215 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 1 50 theme seed 195:198 arg1 ratio 200:204 seed ratio 195:204 seed ratio (10:1-50:1) 195:216 The effect of extraction temperature (25-65°C), extraction time (5-25 min) and water to seed ratio (10:1-50:1) on yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability of quince seed mucilage was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). 24556115 0 51 theme properties 64:73 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince 0:83 Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. 24556115 4 52 theme foam 955:958 arg1 stability 960:968 foam stability 955:968 foam stability 955:968 At this optimum point, extraction yield, protein content, turbidity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability were found to be 11.58 (%), 2.71 (%), 068 (Å), 1473.96 (mPas), 29.88 (%), 94.89 (%) and 21.36 (%), respectively. 24556115 3 53 theme antioxidant 655:665 arg1 activity 667:674 antioxidant activity 655:674 antioxidant activity 655:674 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 24556115 3 54 theme ratio 816:820 arg1 25.1:1 822:827 seed ratio 25.1:1 811:827 seed ratio 25.1:1 811:827 Numerical optimization determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield, viscosity, antioxidant activity, emulsion stability and foam stability and the lowest protein content and turbidity as being time 5 min, temperature 65°C and water to seed ratio 25.1:1. 29216512 3 0 theme viscous 480:486 arg1 slurries 488:495 viscous slurries 480:495 viscous slurries 480:495 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 1 1 theme heart 221:225 arg1 disease 227:233 coronary heart disease 212:233 coronary heart disease 212:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 6 2 located found 993:997 arg1 concentrations 1006:1019 low concentrations 1002:1019 low concentrations in the β-glucan 1002:1035 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 6 2 located found 993:997 arg2 phosphate 979:987 phosphate 979:987 phosphate 979:987 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 3 3 theme slurries 488:495 arg1 formation 467:475 the formation 463:475 the formation of viscous slurries 463:495 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 1 4 theme disease 227:233 arg1 lowering 153:160 lowering 153:160 lowering of blood cholesterol values 153:188 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 1 4 theme disease 227:233 arg1 risk 204:207 a reduced risk 194:207 a reduced risk of coronary heart disease 194:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 0 5 from Interaction 0:10 arg1 solution 52:59 solution 52:59 solution 52:59 Interaction between cereal β-glucan and proteins in solution and at interfaces. 29216512 4 6 with interaction 591:601 arg1 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 6 with interaction 591:601 arg1 protein 704:710 whey protein 699:710 whey protein 699:710 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 6 with interaction 591:601 arg1 proteins 677:684 two different proteins 663:684 two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) 663:711 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 7 dep proteins 677:684 arg1 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 7 dep proteins 677:684 arg1 protein 704:710 whey protein 699:710 whey protein 699:710 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 7 dep proteins 677:684 arg1 proteins 677:684 two different proteins 663:684 two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) 663:711 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 6 8 theme negative 1079:1086 arg1 charge 1088:1093 the net negative charge 1071:1093 the net negative charge at pH≤4 1071:1101 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 5 9 theme low 869:871 arg1 pH 873:874 low pH 869:874 low pH 869:874 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 4 10 with pH 755:756 arg1 regards 763:769 regards 763:769 regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio 763:823 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 5 11 located found 860:864 arg1 pH 873:874 low pH 869:874 low pH 869:874 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 5 11 located found 860:864 arg2 Aggregates 844:853 Aggregates 844:853 Aggregates 844:853 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 4 12 theme ratio 819:823 arg1 kinetics 774:781 kinetics 774:781 kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio 774:823 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 6 13 theme low 1002:1004 arg1 concentrations 1006:1019 low concentrations 1002:1019 low concentrations in the β-glucan 1002:1035 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 4 14 theme different 745:753 arg1 pH 755:756 different pH 745:756 different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio 745:823 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 15 theme protein/β-glucan 802:817 arg1 ratio 819:823 protein/β-glucan ratio 802:823 protein/β-glucan ratio 802:823 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 16 theme isolate 642:648 arg1 interaction 591:601 interaction 591:601 interaction 591:601 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 16 theme isolate 642:648 arg1 behavior 619:626 aggregation behavior 607:626 aggregation behavior 607:626 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 1 17 theme Cereal 80:85 arg1 β-glucan 87:94 Cereal β-glucan 80:94 Cereal β-glucan 80:94 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 7 18 theme electrostatic 1115:1127 arg1 interaction 1129:1139 electrostatic interaction 1115:1139 electrostatic interaction 1115:1139 Therefore, electrostatic interaction is suggested to play an important role for the aggregation between β-glucan and proteins. 29216512 6 19 from concentrations 1006:1019 arg1 β-glucan 1028:1035 the β-glucan 1024:1035 the β-glucan 1024:1035 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 2 20 dep dissolution 289:299 arg1 the 285:287 the 285:287 the 285:287 These effects are often discussed in relation to the dissolution and aggregation behavior of the β-glucan during human digestion. 29216512 3 21 contain have 435:438 arg2 impact 453:458 an important impact 440:458 an important impact 440:458 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 3 21 contain have 435:438 arg1 present 412:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 2 22 theme human 349:353 arg1 digestion 355:363 human digestion 349:363 human digestion 349:363 These effects are often discussed in relation to the dissolution and aggregation behavior of the β-glucan during human digestion. 29216512 3 23 theme aggregation 538:548 arg1 behavior 550:557 the aggregation behavior 534:557 the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan 534:573 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 1 24 theme cholesterol 171:181 arg1 values 183:188 blood cholesterol values 165:188 blood cholesterol values 165:188 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 0 25 theme cereal 20:25 arg1 β-glucan 27:34 cereal β-glucan 20:34 cereal β-glucan 20:34 Interaction between cereal β-glucan and proteins in solution and at interfaces. 29216512 4 26 theme different 667:675 arg1 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 26 theme different 667:675 arg1 protein 704:710 whey protein 699:710 whey protein 699:710 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 26 theme different 667:675 arg1 proteins 677:684 two different proteins 663:684 two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) 663:711 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 6 27 from pH≤4 1098:1101 arg1 charge 1088:1093 the net negative charge 1071:1093 the net negative charge at pH≤4 1071:1101 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 1 28 theme values 183:188 arg1 lowering 153:160 lowering 153:160 lowering of blood cholesterol values 153:188 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 1 28 theme values 183:188 arg1 risk 204:207 a reduced risk 194:207 a reduced risk of coronary heart disease 194:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 3 29 theme proteinaceous 389:401 arg1 present 412:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 0 30 from interfaces 68:77 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction between cereal β-glucan and proteins in solution and at interfaces. 0:78 Interaction between cereal β-glucan and proteins in solution and at interfaces. 29216512 1 31 theme blood 165:169 arg1 values 183:188 blood cholesterol values 165:188 blood cholesterol values 165:188 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 4 32 theme β-glucan 633:640 arg1 OBC90 651:655 OBC90 651:655 OBC90 651:655 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 32 theme β-glucan 633:640 arg1 isolate 642:648 a β-glucan isolate 631:648 a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) 631:656 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 3 33 theme material 403:410 arg1 present 412:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 3 34 theme β-glucan 566:573 arg1 behavior 550:557 the aggregation behavior 534:557 the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan 534:573 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 6 35 theme net 1075:1077 arg1 charge 1088:1093 the net negative charge 1071:1093 the net negative charge at pH≤4 1071:1101 Furthermore, phosphate was found at low concentrations in the β-glucan, most likely being the reason for the net negative charge at pH≤4. 29216512 3 36 theme potential 379:387 arg1 present 412:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 potential proteinaceous material present 379:418 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 4 37 theme aggregation 786:796 arg1 kinetics 774:781 kinetics 774:781 kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio 774:823 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 2 38 theme aggregation 305:315 arg1 behavior 317:324 aggregation behavior 305:324 aggregation behavior 305:324 These effects are often discussed in relation to the dissolution and aggregation behavior of the β-glucan during human digestion. 29216512 4 39 theme whey 699:702 arg1 protein 704:710 whey protein 699:710 whey protein 699:710 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 39 theme whey 699:702 arg1 proteins 677:684 two different proteins 663:684 two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) 663:711 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 5 40 theme aggregates 915:924 arg1 composition 900:910 composition 900:910 composition 900:910 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 5 40 theme aggregates 915:924 arg1 aggregation 884:894 aggregation 884:894 aggregation 884:894 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 1 41 theme reduced 196:202 arg1 risk 204:207 a reduced risk 194:207 a reduced risk of coronary heart disease 194:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 4 42 dep interaction 591:601 arg1 the 587:589 the 587:589 the 587:589 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 5 43 dep aggregation 884:894 arg1 the 880:882 the 880:882 the 880:882 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 1 44 theme beneficial 118:127 arg1 effects 136:142 its beneficial health effects 114:142 its beneficial health effects 114:142 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 1 44 theme beneficial 118:127 arg1 risk 204:207 a reduced risk 194:207 a reduced risk of coronary heart disease 194:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 1 44 theme beneficial 118:127 arg1 lowering 153:160 lowering 153:160 lowering of blood cholesterol values 153:188 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 7 45 theme important 1165:1173 arg1 role 1175:1178 an important role 1162:1178 an important role for the aggregation between β-glucan and proteins 1162:1228 Therefore, electrostatic interaction is suggested to play an important role for the aggregation between β-glucan and proteins. 29216512 4 46 with behavior 619:626 arg1 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 gliadin 687:693 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 46 with behavior 619:626 arg1 protein 704:710 whey protein 699:710 whey protein 699:710 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 4 46 with behavior 619:626 arg1 proteins 677:684 two different proteins 663:684 two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) 663:711 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 5 47 theme protein 957:963 arg1 type 949:952 the type 945:952 the type of protein 945:963 Aggregates were found at low pH and the aggregation and composition of aggregates seems to depend on the type of protein. 29216512 3 48 theme important 443:451 arg1 impact 453:458 an important impact 440:458 an important impact 440:458 Furthermore, potential proteinaceous material present is believed to have an important impact on the formation of viscous slurries during digestion and might influence the aggregation behavior of the β-glucan. 29216512 1 49 theme health 129:134 arg1 effects 136:142 its beneficial health effects 114:142 its beneficial health effects 114:142 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 1 49 theme health 129:134 arg1 risk 204:207 a reduced risk 194:207 a reduced risk of coronary heart disease 194:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 1 49 theme health 129:134 arg1 lowering 153:160 lowering 153:160 lowering of blood cholesterol values 153:188 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 29216512 4 50 theme aggregation 607:617 arg1 behavior 619:626 aggregation behavior 607:626 aggregation behavior 607:626 Therefore, the interaction and aggregation behavior of a β-glucan isolate (OBC90) with two different proteins (gliadin and whey protein) was investigated in solution at different pH with regards to kinetics of aggregation and protein/β-glucan ratio and at interfaces. 29216512 2 51 theme β-glucan 333:340 arg1 dissolution 289:299 dissolution 289:299 dissolution 289:299 These effects are often discussed in relation to the dissolution and aggregation behavior of the β-glucan during human digestion. 29216512 2 51 theme β-glucan 333:340 arg1 behavior 317:324 aggregation behavior 305:324 aggregation behavior 305:324 These effects are often discussed in relation to the dissolution and aggregation behavior of the β-glucan during human digestion. 29216512 1 52 theme coronary 212:219 arg1 disease 227:233 coronary heart disease 212:233 coronary heart disease 212:233 Cereal β-glucan is well known for its beneficial health effects, such as lowering of blood cholesterol values and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. 28011297 0 0 theme Eudiplodinium 73:85 arg1 maggii 87:92 Eudiplodinium maggii 73:92 Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum 73:119 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 2 1 theme fauna 434:438 arg1 composition 440:450 the rumen fauna composition 424:450 the rumen fauna composition 424:450 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 2 2 theme ciliate 532:538 arg1 species 540:546 this ciliate species 527:546 this ciliate species 527:546 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 2 3 dep 183mg/g 391:397 arg1 to 388:389 to 388:389 to 388:389 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 2 4 theme rumen 428:432 arg1 composition 440:450 the rumen fauna composition 424:450 the rumen fauna composition 424:450 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 1 5 theme faunated 307:314 arg1 sheep 316:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 7 6 theme amylolytic 1386:1395 arg1 bacteria 1397:1404 amylolytic bacteria 1386:1404 amylolytic bacteria 1386:1404 The results indicated that both ciliate species engulf starch granules and convert the digestion products to the glycogen, diminishing the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria. 28011297 5 7 theme carbohydrates 969:981 arg1 content 954:960 The lowest content 943:960 The lowest content of the carbohydrates 943:981 The lowest content of the carbohydrates was always found just before feeding and the highest at 4h thereafter. 28011297 5 8 from 4h 1039:1040 arg1 at 1036:1037 the highest at 4h 1024:1040 the highest at 4h thereafter 1024:1051 The lowest content of the carbohydrates was always found just before feeding and the highest at 4h thereafter. 28011297 4 9 theme contents 856:863 arg1 7.4-29.9 818:825 7.4-29.9 818:825 7.4-29.9 818:825 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 4 9 theme contents 856:863 arg1 contents 856:863 rumen contents 850:863 rumen contents 850:863 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 0 10 from Effect 0:5 arg1 intake 40:45 starch intake 33:45 starch intake 33:45 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 0 10 from Effect 0:5 arg1 formation 60:68 glycogen formation 51:68 glycogen formation 51:68 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 6 11 theme defaunated 1158:1167 arg1 sheep 1197:1201 defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1158:1201 defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1158:1201 The α-glucans in the reticulum varied 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep, respectively. 28011297 0 12 dep rumen 101:105 arg1 the 97:99 the 97:99 the 97:99 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 1 13 theme ciliates 224:231 arg1 cells 211:215 the cells 207:215 the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii 207:252 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 4 14 theme rumen 850:854 arg1 contents 856:863 rumen contents 850:863 rumen contents 850:863 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 1 15 from α-glucans 267:275 arg1 sheep 316:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 1 15 from α-glucans 267:275 arg1 cells 211:215 the cells 207:215 the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii 207:252 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 1 16 theme Eudiplodinium 233:245 arg1 ciliates 224:231 the ciliates 220:231 the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii 220:252 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 3 17 from drop 664:667 arg1 types 677:681 both types 672:681 both types of quantified carbohydrates 672:709 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii caused a drop in both types of quantified carbohydrates. 28011297 2 18 theme cell 356:359 arg1 content 327:333 The content 323:333 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates 323:371 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 4 19 theme defaunated 753:762 arg1 sheep 764:768 defaunated sheep 753:768 defaunated sheep 753:768 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 3 20 from Establishment 549:561 arg1 rumen 608:612 the rumen 604:612 the rumen of sheep 604:621 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii caused a drop in both types of quantified carbohydrates. 28011297 1 21 theme engulfed 155:162 arg1 starch 164:169 the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans 151:191 starch 164:169 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 1 21 theme engulfed 155:162 arg1 glycogen 194:201 glycogen 194:201 glycogen 194:201 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 2 22 theme protozoal 399:407 arg1 DM 409:410 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM 385:410 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM 385:410 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 6 23 from α-glucans 1058:1066 arg1 reticulum 1075:1083 the reticulum 1071:1083 the reticulum 1071:1083 The α-glucans in the reticulum varied 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep, respectively. 28011297 2 24 theme inside 345:350 arg1 cell 356:359 starch inside the cell 338:359 starch inside the cell 338:359 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 3 25 theme sheep 617:621 arg1 rumen 608:612 the rumen 604:612 the rumen of sheep 604:621 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii caused a drop in both types of quantified carbohydrates. 28011297 5 26 theme lowest 947:952 arg1 content 954:960 The lowest content 943:960 The lowest content of the carbohydrates 943:981 The lowest content of the carbohydrates was always found just before feeding and the highest at 4h thereafter. 28011297 2 27 theme species 540:546 arg1 17 493:494 17 493:494 17 493:494 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 2 27 theme species 540:546 arg1 species 540:546 this ciliate species 527:546 this ciliate species 527:546 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 4 28 theme sheep 764:768 arg1 rumen 744:748 the rumen 740:748 the rumen of defaunated sheep 740:768 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 2 29 theme starch 338:343 arg1 cell 356:359 starch inside the cell 338:359 starch inside the cell 338:359 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 0 30 theme caudatum 21:28 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 0:120 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 7 31 theme digestion 1305:1313 arg1 products 1315:1322 the digestion products 1301:1322 the digestion products to the glycogen 1301:1338 The results indicated that both ciliate species engulf starch granules and convert the digestion products to the glycogen, diminishing the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria. 28011297 2 32 theme 126mg/g 500:506 arg1 matter 512:517 126mg/g dry matter 500:517 126mg/g dry matter (DM) 500:522 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 2 32 theme 126mg/g 500:506 arg1 DM 520:521 DM 520:521 DM 520:521 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 7 33 theme starch 1273:1278 arg1 granules 1280:1287 starch granules 1273:1287 starch granules 1273:1287 The results indicated that both ciliate species engulf starch granules and convert the digestion products to the glycogen, diminishing the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria. 28011297 1 34 theme reserve 175:181 arg1 α-glucans 183:191 the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans 151:191 α-glucans 183:191 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 4 35 theme caudatum 919:926 arg1 presence 872:879 the presence 868:879 the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum 868:926 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 0 36 theme starch 33:38 arg1 intake 40:45 starch intake 33:45 starch intake 33:45 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 6 37 theme monofaunated 1170:1181 arg1 sheep 1197:1201 defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1158:1201 defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1158:1201 The α-glucans in the reticulum varied 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep, respectively. 28011297 2 38 theme ciliates 364:371 arg1 content 327:333 The content 323:333 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates 323:371 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 4 39 theme maggii 892:897 arg1 presence 872:879 the presence 868:879 the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum 868:926 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 3 40 theme carbohydrates 697:709 arg1 types 677:681 both types 672:681 both types of quantified carbohydrates 672:709 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii caused a drop in both types of quantified carbohydrates. 28011297 4 41 dep 19.9mg/g 789:796 arg1 to 786:787 to 786:787 to 786:787 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 3 42 theme quantified 686:695 arg1 carbohydrates 697:709 quantified carbohydrates 686:709 quantified carbohydrates 686:709 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii caused a drop in both types of quantified carbohydrates. 28011297 4 43 theme maggii 905:910 arg1 presence 872:879 the presence 868:879 the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum 868:926 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 5 44 theme at 1036:1037 arg1 4h 1039:1040 the highest at 4h 1024:1040 the highest at 4h thereafter 1024:1051 The lowest content of the carbohydrates was always found just before feeding and the highest at 4h thereafter. 28011297 3 45 theme population 570:579 arg1 Establishment 549:561 Establishment 549:561 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii 549:653 Establishment of the population Entodinium caudatum in the rumen of sheep already faunated with E. maggii caused a drop in both types of quantified carbohydrates. 28011297 7 46 theme starch 1365:1370 arg1 pool 1357:1360 the pool 1353:1360 the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria 1353:1404 The results indicated that both ciliate species engulf starch granules and convert the digestion products to the glycogen, diminishing the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria. 28011297 4 47 theme 11.8-33.9mg/g 830:842 arg1 DM 844:845 11.8-33.9mg/g DM 830:845 11.8-33.9mg/g DM 830:845 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 6 48 theme reticulum 1136:1144 arg1 content 1146:1152 reticulum content 1136:1152 reticulum content 1136:1152 The α-glucans in the reticulum varied 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep, respectively. 28011297 5 49 theme highest 1028:1034 arg1 4h 1039:1040 the highest at 4h 1024:1040 the highest at 4h thereafter 1024:1051 The lowest content of the carbohydrates was always found just before feeding and the highest at 4h thereafter. 28011297 1 50 theme defaunated 280:289 arg1 sheep 316:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 6 51 theme bifaunated 1186:1195 arg1 sheep 1197:1201 defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1158:1201 defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1158:1201 The α-glucans in the reticulum varied 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep, respectively. 28011297 1 52 dep Eudiplodinium 233:245 arg1 maggii 247:252 maggii 247:252 maggii 247:252 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 1 53 from α-glucans 183:191 arg1 cells 211:215 the cells 207:215 the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii 207:252 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 1 53 from α-glucans 183:191 arg1 sheep 316:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 2 54 theme dry 508:510 arg1 matter 512:517 126mg/g dry matter 500:517 126mg/g dry matter (DM) 500:522 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 2 54 theme dry 508:510 arg1 DM 520:521 DM 520:521 DM 520:521 The content of starch inside the cell of ciliates varied from 21 to 183mg/g protozoal DM relative to the rumen fauna composition whereas, the glycogen fluctuated between 17 and 126mg/g dry matter (DM) of this ciliate species. 28011297 6 55 theme content 1146:1152 arg1 DM 1130:1131 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM 1092:1131 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep 1092:1201 The α-glucans in the reticulum varied 7.5-40.1, 14.3-76.8 or 21.9-106.1mg/g DM of reticulum content for defaunated, monofaunated or bifaunated sheep, respectively. 28011297 7 56 theme ciliate 1250:1256 arg1 species 1258:1264 both ciliate species 1245:1264 both ciliate species 1245:1264 The results indicated that both ciliate species engulf starch granules and convert the digestion products to the glycogen, diminishing the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria. 28011297 1 57 from starch 164:169 arg1 cells 211:215 the cells 207:215 the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii 207:252 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 1 57 from starch 164:169 arg1 sheep 316:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 defaunated and selectively faunated sheep 280:320 This study aimed to quantify the engulfed starch and reserve α-glucans (glycogen) in the cells of the ciliates Eudiplodinium maggii, as well the α-glucans in defaunated and selectively faunated sheep. 28011297 0 58 from maggii 87:92 arg1 reticulum 111:119 reticulum 111:119 reticulum 111:119 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 0 58 from maggii 87:92 arg1 rumen 101:105 rumen 101:105 rumen 101:105 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 4 59 theme α-glucans 727:735 arg1 content 716:722 The content 712:722 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep 712:768 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 28011297 0 60 theme glycogen 51:58 arg1 formation 60:68 glycogen formation 51:68 glycogen formation 51:68 Effect of Entodinium caudatum on starch intake and glycogen formation by Eudiplodinium maggii in the rumen and reticulum. 28011297 7 61 theme available 1372:1380 arg1 pool 1357:1360 the pool 1353:1360 the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria 1353:1404 The results indicated that both ciliate species engulf starch granules and convert the digestion products to the glycogen, diminishing the pool of starch available for amylolytic bacteria. 28011297 4 62 from content 716:722 arg1 rumen 744:748 the rumen 740:748 the rumen of defaunated sheep 740:768 The content of α-glucans in the rumen of defaunated sheep varied from 4.4 to 19.9mg/g DM and increased to 7.4-29.9 or 11.8-33.9mg/g DM of rumen contents in the presence of only E. maggii or E. maggii and E. caudatum, respectively. 27184583 9 0 theme structure 1397:1405 arg1 terms 1388:1392 terms 1388:1392 terms of structure and composition 1388:1421 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 11 1 dep Res 1523:1525 arg1 1778-1788 1556:1564 1778-1788 1556:1564 1778-1788 1556:1564 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 27184583 11 1 dep Res 1523:1525 arg1 105B 1550:1553 105B 1550:1553 105B 1550:1553 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 27184583 11 1 dep Res 1523:1525 arg1 B 1532:1532 Part B 1527:1532 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 1508:1571 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 27184583 11 1 dep Res 1523:1525 arg1 Biomater 1540:1547 Biomater 1540:1547 Biomater 1540:1547 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 27184583 8 2 theme chondroitin 1204:1214 arg1 sulfate 1216:1222 chondroitin sulfate 1204:1222 chondroitin sulfate 1204:1222 We showed that copolymers, associated with collagen and chondroitin sulfate sponge, exhibited very good tissue integration and allowed neotissue synthesis after 12 weeks in vivo. 27184583 1 3 theme natural 274:280 arg1 tissues 282:288 natural tissues 274:288 natural tissues 274:288 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 4 4 theme ligamentocytes 879:892 arg1 proliferation 894:906 ligamentocytes proliferation 879:906 ligamentocytes proliferation 879:906 In vitro study using ligamentocytes showed the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation. 27184583 2 5 theme hybrid 371:376 arg1 patches 378:384 new hybrid patches 367:384 new hybrid patches 367:384 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 0 6 theme collagen/chondroitin 74:93 arg1 sulfate 95:101 collagen/chondroitin sulfate 74:101 collagen/chondroitin sulfate 74:101 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 9 7 theme PLA-T/CollCS 1357:1368 arg1 patches 1377:1383 PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches 1357:1383 PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches 1357:1383 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 2 8 theme matrix 551:556 arg1 incorporation 434:446 synergistic incorporation 422:446 synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration 422:593 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 3 9 theme collagen 738:745 arg1 I/chondroitine-sulfate 747:768 collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate 738:768 collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 738:778 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 9 theme collagen 738:745 arg1 CS 776:777 Coll CS 771:777 Coll CS 771:777 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 8 10 theme good 1247:1250 arg1 integration 1259:1269 very good tissue integration 1242:1269 very good tissue integration 1242:1269 We showed that copolymers, associated with collagen and chondroitin sulfate sponge, exhibited very good tissue integration and allowed neotissue synthesis after 12 weeks in vivo. 27184583 2 11 theme synergistic 422:432 arg1 incorporation 434:446 synergistic incorporation 422:446 synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration 422:593 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 2 12 theme biomimetic 540:549 arg1 matrix 551:556 a biomimetic matrix 538:556 a biomimetic matrix 538:556 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 6 13 dep physiological 1059:1071 arg1 needs 1073:1077 needs 1073:1077 needs 1073:1077 Despite degradation, patches retained strength to answer the mechanical physiological needs. 27184583 2 14 theme mechanical 511:520 arg1 strength 522:529 mechanical strength 511:529 mechanical strength 511:529 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 2 15 theme degradable 474:483 arg1 fibers 493:498 degradable polymer fibers 474:498 degradable polymer fibers 474:498 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 0 16 theme ligament 107:114 arg1 regeneration 123:134 ligament tissue regeneration 107:134 ligament tissue regeneration 107:134 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 2 17 theme polymer 485:491 arg1 fibers 493:498 degradable polymer fibers 474:498 degradable polymer fibers 474:498 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 4 18 from effects 862:868 arg1 proliferation 894:906 ligamentocytes proliferation 879:906 ligamentocytes proliferation 879:906 In vitro study using ligamentocytes showed the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation. 27184583 7 19 theme histological 1126:1137 arg1 studies 1139:1145 histological studies 1126:1145 histological studies 1126:1145 Tissue integration capacity was assessed with histological studies. 27184583 9 20 theme hybrid 1370:1375 arg1 patches 1377:1383 PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches 1357:1383 PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches 1357:1383 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 1 21 theme sufficient 195:204 arg1 strength 217:224 sufficient mechanical strength 195:224 sufficient mechanical strength 195:224 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 0 22 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 8:17 In vivo evaluation 0:17 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA 0:51 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 3 23 theme Coll 771:774 arg1 I/chondroitine-sulfate 747:768 collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate 738:768 collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 738:778 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 23 theme Coll 771:774 arg1 CS 776:777 Coll CS 771:777 Coll CS 771:777 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 4 24 theme CS 873:874 arg1 effects 862:868 the beneficial effects 847:868 the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation 847:906 In vitro study using ligamentocytes showed the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation. 27184583 2 25 theme tissue 399:404 arg1 regeneration 406:417 ligament tissue regeneration 390:417 ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration 390:593 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 8 26 theme tissue 1252:1257 arg1 integration 1259:1269 very good tissue integration 1242:1269 very good tissue integration 1242:1269 We showed that copolymers, associated with collagen and chondroitin sulfate sponge, exhibited very good tissue integration and allowed neotissue synthesis after 12 weeks in vivo. 27184583 3 27 dep collagen 716:723 arg1 matrices 794:801 3-dimensional matrices 780:801 3-dimensional matrices 780:801 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 28 theme PLA- 596:599 arg1 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 28 theme PLA- 596:599 arg1 patches 683:689 knitted patches 675:689 knitted patches 675:689 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 28 theme PLA- 596:599 arg1 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 2 29 theme knitted 453:459 arg1 structure 461:469 a knitted structure 451:469 a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength 451:529 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 2 30 theme structure 461:469 arg1 incorporation 434:446 synergistic incorporation 422:446 synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration 422:593 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 1 31 theme tissues 314:320 arg1 ingrowth 322:329 tissues ingrowth 314:329 tissues ingrowth 314:329 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 0 32 theme tissue 116:121 arg1 regeneration 123:134 ligament tissue regeneration 107:134 ligament tissue regeneration 107:134 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 9 33 from patches 1377:1383 arg1 terms 1388:1392 terms 1388:1392 terms of structure and composition 1388:1421 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 3 34 theme Pluronic® 601:609 arg1 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 34 theme Pluronic® 601:609 arg1 patches 683:689 knitted patches 675:689 knitted patches 675:689 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 34 theme Pluronic® 601:609 arg1 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 9 35 from PLA-P/CollCS 1340:1351 arg1 terms 1388:1392 terms 1388:1392 terms of structure and composition 1388:1421 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 0 36 theme patches 29:35 arg1 evaluation 8:17 In vivo evaluation 0:17 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA 0:51 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 3 37 theme knitted 675:681 arg1 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 37 theme knitted 675:681 arg1 patches 683:689 knitted patches 675:689 knitted patches 675:689 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 37 theme knitted 675:681 arg1 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 38 theme PLA-Tetronic® 623:635 arg1 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 38 theme PLA-Tetronic® 623:635 arg1 patches 683:689 knitted patches 675:689 knitted patches 675:689 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 38 theme PLA-Tetronic® 623:635 arg1 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 1 39 theme mechanical 206:215 arg1 strength 217:224 sufficient mechanical strength 195:224 sufficient mechanical strength 195:224 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 0 40 theme hybrid 22:27 arg1 patches 29:35 hybrid patches 22:35 hybrid patches 22:35 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 9 41 theme composition 1411:1421 arg1 terms 1388:1392 terms 1388:1392 terms of structure and composition 1388:1421 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 2 42 theme injured 566:572 arg1 tissues 574:580 injured tissues 566:580 injured tissues 566:580 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 8 43 theme neotissue 1283:1291 arg1 synthesis 1293:1301 neotissue synthesis 1283:1301 neotissue synthesis 1283:1301 We showed that copolymers, associated with collagen and chondroitin sulfate sponge, exhibited very good tissue integration and allowed neotissue synthesis after 12 weeks in vivo. 27184583 7 44 theme Tissue 1080:1085 arg1 capacity 1099:1106 Tissue integration capacity 1080:1106 Tissue integration capacity 1080:1106 Tissue integration capacity was assessed with histological studies. 27184583 4 45 theme beneficial 851:860 arg1 effects 862:868 the beneficial effects 847:868 the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation 847:906 In vitro study using ligamentocytes showed the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation. 27184583 2 46 theme new 367:369 arg1 patches 378:384 new hybrid patches 367:384 new hybrid patches 367:384 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 2 47 theme fibers 493:498 arg1 structure 461:469 a knitted structure 451:469 a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength 451:529 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 9 48 theme good 1428:1431 arg1 hopes 1433:1437 good hopes 1428:1437 good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration 1428:1474 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 7 49 theme integration 1087:1097 arg1 capacity 1099:1106 Tissue integration capacity 1080:1106 Tissue integration capacity 1080:1106 Tissue integration capacity was assessed with histological studies. 27184583 8 50 dep collagen 1191:1198 arg1 sponge 1224:1229 sponge 1224:1229 sponge 1224:1229 We showed that copolymers, associated with collagen and chondroitin sulfate sponge, exhibited very good tissue integration and allowed neotissue synthesis after 12 weeks in vivo. 27184583 3 51 theme 3-dimensional 780:792 arg1 matrices 794:801 3-dimensional matrices 780:801 3-dimensional matrices 780:801 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 52 theme new 645:647 arg1 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 52 theme new 645:647 arg1 patches 683:689 knitted patches 675:689 knitted patches 675:689 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 52 theme new 645:647 arg1 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 5 53 theme Hybrid 909:914 arg1 patches 916:922 Hybrid patches 909:922 Hybrid patches 909:922 Hybrid patches were then subcutaneously implanted in rats for 4 and 12 weeks. 27184583 1 54 theme mechanical 243:252 arg1 behavior 254:261 a mechanical behavior 241:261 a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues 241:288 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 4 55 theme In 804:805 arg1 study 813:817 In vitro study 804:817 In vitro study using ligamentocytes 804:838 In vitro study using ligamentocytes showed the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation. 27184583 11 56 theme Part 1527:1530 arg1 B 1532:1532 Part B 1527:1532 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 1508:1571 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1778-1788, 2017. 27184583 3 57 theme PLA-T 638:642 arg1 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 PLA-P 612:616 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 57 theme PLA-T 638:642 arg1 patches 683:689 knitted patches 675:689 knitted patches 675:689 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 3 57 theme PLA-T 638:642 arg1 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers 596:658 copolymers 649:658 PLA- Pluronic® (PLA-P) and PLA-Tetronic® (PLA-T) new copolymers were shaped as knitted patches and were associated with collagen I (Coll) and collagen I/chondroitine-sulfate (Coll CS) 3-dimensional matrices. 27184583 2 58 theme ligament 390:397 arg1 regeneration 406:417 ligament tissue regeneration 390:417 ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration 390:593 This study was aimed at developing new hybrid patches for ligament tissue regeneration by synergistic incorporation of a knitted structure of degradable polymer fibers to provide mechanical strength and of a biomimetic matrix to help injured tissues regeneration. 27184583 10 59 dep © 1477:1477 arg1 Inc. 1503:1506 Inc. 1503:1506 Inc. 1503:1506 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27184583 1 60 theme similar 263:269 arg1 behavior 254:261 a mechanical behavior 241:261 a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues 241:288 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 0 61 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo evaluation of hybrid patches composed of PLA based copolymers and collagen/chondroitin sulfate for ligament tissue regeneration. 27184583 1 62 theme soft 154:157 arg1 tissues 159:165 soft tissues 154:165 soft tissues 154:165 Biomaterials for soft tissues regeneration should exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, demonstrating a mechanical behavior similar to natural tissues and should also promote tissues ingrowth. 27184583 9 63 theme ligament 1454:1461 arg1 regeneration 1463:1474 ligament regeneration 1454:1474 ligament regeneration 1454:1474 To conclude, PLA-P/CollCS and PLA-T/CollCS hybrid patches in terms of structure and composition give good hopes for tendon and ligament regeneration. 27184583 4 64 dep In 804:805 arg1 vitro 807:811 vitro 807:811 vitro 807:811 In vitro study using ligamentocytes showed the beneficial effects of CS on ligamentocytes proliferation. 24762788 0 0 theme bean 69:72 arg1 seeds 97:101 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds 69:101 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds 69:101 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 12 1 from present 1874:1880 arg1 complexes 1889:1897 the complexes 1885:1897 the complexes induced by DSP 1885:1912 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 7 2 theme T6P 1034:1036 arg1 additive 1069:1076 additive 1069:1076 additive 1069:1076 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 7 2 theme T6P 1034:1036 arg1 effects 1023:1029 the effects 1019:1029 the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity 1019:1063 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 0 3 dep seeds 97:101 arg1 vulgaris 85:92 Phaseolus vulgaris 75:92 Phaseolus vulgaris L 75:94 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 10 4 theme reversible 1662:1671 arg1 DSP 1686:1688 DSP 1686:1688 DSP 1686:1688 To analyse the composition of the complex, cotyledon and embryo extracts were treated with a reversible crosslinker (DSP). 24762788 10 4 theme reversible 1662:1671 arg1 crosslinker 1673:1683 a reversible crosslinker 1660:1683 a reversible crosslinker (DSP) 1660:1689 To analyse the composition of the complex, cotyledon and embryo extracts were treated with a reversible crosslinker (DSP). 24762788 5 5 theme larger 716:721 arg1 proportion 723:732 a larger proportion 714:732 a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit 714:757 However, SnRK1 activity is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe, where a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit is phosphorylated. 24762788 11 6 with complexes 1721:1729 arg1 weights 1746:1752 molecular weights 1736:1752 molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa 1736:1770 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 3 7 theme significant 443:453 arg1 proportion 455:464 a significant proportion 441:464 a significant proportion of the catalytic subunit 441:489 However, by 15 DAA a significant proportion of the catalytic subunit appears phosphorylated. 24762788 0 8 theme Phaseolus 75:83 arg1 vulgaris 85:92 Phaseolus vulgaris 75:92 Phaseolus vulgaris L 75:94 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 1 9 theme protein 290:296 arg1 beginning 277:285 the beginning 273:285 the beginning of protein and starch accumulation 273:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 3 10 theme subunit 483:489 arg1 proportion 455:464 a significant proportion 441:464 a significant proportion of the catalytic subunit 441:489 However, by 15 DAA a significant proportion of the catalytic subunit appears phosphorylated. 24762788 7 11 theme embryo 1090:1095 arg1 extract 1097:1103 embryo extract 1090:1103 embryo extract 1090:1103 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 6 12 theme lesser 845:850 arg1 extent 852:857 a lesser extent 843:857 a lesser extent 843:857 SnRK1 obtained from endosperm extract is inhibited by T6P and to a lesser extent by ADPG and UDPG, whereas the enzyme isolated from embryo is virtually insensitive to T6P but exhibits some inhibition by ADPG and UDPG. 24762788 10 13 theme cotyledon 1612:1620 arg1 extracts 1633:1640 cotyledon and embryo extracts 1612:1640 cotyledon and embryo extracts 1612:1640 To analyse the composition of the complex, cotyledon and embryo extracts were treated with a reversible crosslinker (DSP). 24762788 0 14 dep vulgaris 85:92 arg1 L 94:94 L 94:94 Phaseolus vulgaris L 75:94 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 3 15 dep appears 491:497 arg1 phosphorylated 499:512 phosphorylated 499:512 appears phosphorylated 491:512 However, by 15 DAA a significant proportion of the catalytic subunit appears phosphorylated. 24762788 5 16 theme embryo 696:701 arg1 axe 703:705 embryo axe 696:705 embryo axe 696:705 However, SnRK1 activity is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe, where a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit is phosphorylated. 24762788 1 17 theme starch 302:307 arg1 accumulation 309:320 starch accumulation 302:320 starch accumulation 302:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 5 18 theme subunit 751:757 arg1 proportion 723:732 a larger proportion 714:732 a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit 714:757 However, SnRK1 activity is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe, where a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit is phosphorylated. 24762788 12 19 attach present 1874:1880 arg2 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 19 attach present 1874:1880 arg2 subunit 1863:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 19 attach present 1874:1880 arg1 complexes 1889:1897 the complexes 1885:1897 the complexes induced by DSP 1885:1912 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 20 theme other 1979:1983 arg1 proteins 1985:1992 other proteins 1979:1992 other proteins 1979:1992 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 8 21 theme cotyledon 1225:1233 arg1 extracts 1235:1242 cotyledon extracts 1225:1242 cotyledon extracts 1225:1242 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 0 22 theme cotyledon 41:49 arg1 axe 62:64 the cotyledon and embryo axe 37:64 axe 62:64 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 1 23 theme accumulation 309:320 arg1 beginning 277:285 the beginning 273:285 the beginning of protein and starch accumulation 273:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 3 24 theme catalytic 473:481 arg1 subunit 483:489 the catalytic subunit 469:489 the catalytic subunit 469:489 However, by 15 DAA a significant proportion of the catalytic subunit appears phosphorylated. 24762788 1 25 theme bean 151:154 arg1 seeds 156:160 bean seeds 151:160 bean seeds 151:160 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 2 26 theme seed 397:400 arg1 period 414:419 the seed development period 393:419 the seed development period 393:419 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 shows a consistent decrease throughout the seed development period. 24762788 7 27 theme cotyledon 999:1007 arg1 extracts 1009:1016 cotyledon extracts 999:1016 cotyledon extracts 999:1016 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 12 28 located present 1874:1880 arg2 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 28 located present 1874:1880 arg1 complexes 1889:1897 the complexes 1885:1897 the complexes induced by DSP 1885:1912 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 28 located present 1874:1880 arg2 subunit 1863:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 8 29 theme single 1261:1266 arg1 peak 1268:1271 a single peak 1259:1271 a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1259:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 8 29 theme single 1261:1266 arg1 activity 1202:1209 SnRK1 activity 1196:1209 SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts 1196:1242 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 5 30 theme SnRK1 632:636 arg1 activity 638:645 SnRK1 activity 632:645 SnRK1 activity 632:645 However, SnRK1 activity is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe, where a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit is phosphorylated. 24762788 2 31 theme catalytic 327:335 arg1 subunit 337:343 The catalytic subunit 323:343 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 323:352 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 shows a consistent decrease throughout the seed development period. 24762788 9 32 theme highest 1551:1557 arg1 activity 1559:1566 the highest activity 1547:1566 the highest activity 1547:1566 In both cases, the catalytic subunit exhibits a wide distribution but is concentrated in the fractions with the highest activity. 24762788 4 33 from decrease 602:609 arg1 hexoses 614:620 hexoses 614:620 hexoses 614:620 The increase in activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit coincides with a decrease in hexoses. 24762788 7 34 from extracts 1009:1016 arg1 additive 1069:1076 additive 1069:1076 additive 1069:1076 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 7 34 from extracts 1009:1016 arg1 effects 1023:1029 the effects 1019:1029 the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity 1019:1063 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 0 35 theme seeds 97:101 arg1 axe 62:64 the cotyledon and embryo axe 37:64 axe 62:64 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 11 36 theme complexes 1721:1729 arg1 formation 1708:1716 the formation 1704:1716 the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts 1704:1807 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 2 37 theme consistent 362:371 arg1 decrease 373:380 a consistent decrease 360:380 a consistent decrease throughout the seed development period 360:419 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 shows a consistent decrease throughout the seed development period. 24762788 8 38 theme molecular 1402:1410 arg1 weight 1412:1417 molecular weight 1402:1417 molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1402:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 1 39 with increase 187:194 arg1 value 213:217 the highest value 201:217 the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation 201:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 10 40 theme embryo 1626:1631 arg1 extracts 1633:1640 cotyledon and embryo extracts 1612:1640 cotyledon and embryo extracts 1612:1640 To analyse the composition of the complex, cotyledon and embryo extracts were treated with a reversible crosslinker (DSP). 24762788 11 41 from formation 1708:1716 arg1 extracts 1800:1807 the cotyledon and embryo extracts 1775:1807 extracts 1800:1807 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 7 42 theme SnRK1 1050:1054 arg1 activity 1056:1063 SnRK1 activity 1050:1063 SnRK1 activity 1050:1063 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 8 43 theme kDa 1434:1436 arg1 weight 1412:1417 molecular weight 1402:1417 molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1402:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 11 44 theme embryo 1793:1798 arg1 extracts 1800:1807 the cotyledon and embryo extracts 1775:1807 extracts 1800:1807 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 11 45 theme molecular 1736:1744 arg1 weights 1746:1752 molecular weights 1736:1752 molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa 1736:1770 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 1 46 theme transient 177:185 arg1 increase 187:194 a transient increase 175:194 a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation 175:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 7 47 from effects 1023:1029 arg1 activity 1056:1063 SnRK1 activity 1050:1063 SnRK1 activity 1050:1063 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 7 48 from additive 1069:1076 arg1 extracts 1009:1016 cotyledon extracts 999:1016 cotyledon extracts 999:1016 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 4 49 theme subunit 577:583 arg1 phosphorylation 544:558 phosphorylation 544:558 phosphorylation 544:558 The increase in activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit coincides with a decrease in hexoses. 24762788 4 49 theme subunit 577:583 arg1 activity 531:538 activity 531:538 activity 531:538 The increase in activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit coincides with a decrease in hexoses. 24762788 2 50 theme SnRK1 348:352 arg1 subunit 337:343 The catalytic subunit 323:343 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 323:352 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 shows a consistent decrease throughout the seed development period. 24762788 7 51 theme ADPG 1042:1045 arg1 additive 1069:1076 additive 1069:1076 additive 1069:1076 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 7 51 theme ADPG 1042:1045 arg1 effects 1023:1029 the effects 1019:1029 the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity 1019:1063 In cotyledon extracts, the effects of T6P and ADPG on SnRK1 activity are additive, whereas in embryo extract, T6P inhibits the enzyme only when ADPG is present. 24762788 5 52 theme catalytic 741:749 arg1 subunit 751:757 the catalytic subunit 737:757 the catalytic subunit 737:757 However, SnRK1 activity is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe, where a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit is phosphorylated. 24762788 12 53 theme catalytic 1853:1861 arg1 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 53 theme catalytic 1853:1861 arg1 subunit 1863:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 11 54 theme cotyledon 1779:1787 arg1 extracts 1800:1807 the cotyledon and embryo extracts 1775:1807 extracts 1800:1807 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 2 55 theme development 402:412 arg1 period 414:419 the seed development period 393:419 the seed development period 393:419 The catalytic subunit of SnRK1 shows a consistent decrease throughout the seed development period. 24762788 1 56 from days 225:228 arg1 value 213:217 the highest value 201:217 the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation 201:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 6 57 theme endosperm 798:806 arg1 extract 808:814 endosperm extract 798:814 endosperm extract 798:814 SnRK1 obtained from endosperm extract is inhibited by T6P and to a lesser extent by ADPG and UDPG, whereas the enzyme isolated from embryo is virtually insensitive to T6P but exhibits some inhibition by ADPG and UDPG. 24762788 8 58 theme molecular 1291:1299 arg1 weight 1301:1306 a molecular weight 1289:1306 a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1289:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 12 59 with interaction 1962:1972 arg1 proteins 1985:1992 other proteins 1979:1992 other proteins 1979:1992 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 8 60 theme embryo 1346:1351 arg1 extracts 1357:1364 embryo axe extracts 1346:1364 embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1346:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 6 61 dep inhibited 819:827 arg1 whereas 877:883 whereas 877:883 whereas 877:883 SnRK1 obtained from endosperm extract is inhibited by T6P and to a lesser extent by ADPG and UDPG, whereas the enzyme isolated from embryo is virtually insensitive to T6P but exhibits some inhibition by ADPG and UDPG. 24762788 5 62 dep cotyledon 682:690 arg1 the 678:680 the 678:680 the 678:680 However, SnRK1 activity is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe, where a larger proportion of the catalytic subunit is phosphorylated. 24762788 8 63 theme axe 1353:1355 arg1 extracts 1357:1364 embryo axe extracts 1346:1364 embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1346:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 6 64 attach isolated 896:903 arg2 enzyme 889:894 the enzyme 885:894 the enzyme isolated from embryo 885:915 SnRK1 obtained from endosperm extract is inhibited by T6P and to a lesser extent by ADPG and UDPG, whereas the enzyme isolated from embryo is virtually insensitive to T6P but exhibits some inhibition by ADPG and UDPG. 24762788 6 64 attach isolated 896:903 arg2 insensitive 930:940 insensitive 930:940 insensitive 930:940 SnRK1 obtained from endosperm extract is inhibited by T6P and to a lesser extent by ADPG and UDPG, whereas the enzyme isolated from embryo is virtually insensitive to T6P but exhibits some inhibition by ADPG and UDPG. 24762788 6 64 attach isolated 896:903 arg1 embryo 910:915 embryo 910:915 embryo 910:915 SnRK1 obtained from endosperm extract is inhibited by T6P and to a lesser extent by ADPG and UDPG, whereas the enzyme isolated from embryo is virtually insensitive to T6P but exhibits some inhibition by ADPG and UDPG. 24762788 9 65 theme catalytic 1458:1466 arg1 subunit 1468:1474 the catalytic subunit 1454:1474 the catalytic subunit 1454:1474 In both cases, the catalytic subunit exhibits a wide distribution but is concentrated in the fractions with the highest activity. 24762788 8 66 theme SnRK1 1196:1200 arg1 peak 1268:1271 a single peak 1259:1271 a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1259:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 8 66 theme SnRK1 1196:1200 arg1 activity 1202:1209 SnRK1 activity 1196:1209 SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts 1196:1242 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 10 67 theme complex 1603:1609 arg1 composition 1584:1594 the composition 1580:1594 the composition of the complex 1580:1609 To analyse the composition of the complex, cotyledon and embryo extracts were treated with a reversible crosslinker (DSP). 24762788 12 68 theme phosphorylated 1838:1851 arg1 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 68 theme phosphorylated 1838:1851 arg1 subunit 1863:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 9 69 theme wide 1487:1490 arg1 distribution 1492:1503 a wide distribution 1485:1503 a wide distribution 1485:1503 In both cases, the catalytic subunit exhibits a wide distribution but is concentrated in the fractions with the highest activity. 24762788 8 70 from fractionation 1163:1175 arg1 Sephacryl-S300 1180:1193 Sephacryl-S300 1180:1193 Sephacryl-S300 1180:1193 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 1 71 theme SnRK1 104:108 arg1 activity 110:117 SnRK1 activity 104:117 SnRK1 activity 104:117 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 9 72 with fractions 1532:1540 arg1 activity 1559:1566 the highest activity 1547:1566 the highest activity 1547:1566 In both cases, the catalytic subunit exhibits a wide distribution but is concentrated in the fractions with the highest activity. 24762788 11 73 theme kDa 1768:1770 arg1 weights 1746:1752 molecular weights 1736:1752 molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa 1736:1770 DSP induced the formation of complexes with molecular weights of 97 and 180 kDa in the cotyledon and embryo extracts, respectively. 24762788 1 74 theme highest 205:211 arg1 value 213:217 the highest value 201:217 the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation 201:320 SnRK1 activity is developmentally regulated in bean seeds and exhibits a transient increase with the highest value at 20 days after anthesis (DAA), which coincides with the beginning of protein and starch accumulation. 24762788 0 75 theme embryo 55:60 arg1 axe 62:64 the cotyledon and embryo axe 37:64 axe 62:64 SnRK1 is differentially regulated in the cotyledon and embryo axe of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) seeds. 24762788 8 76 theme kDa 1315:1317 arg1 weight 1301:1306 a molecular weight 1289:1306 a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa 1289:1436 After fractionation on Sephacryl-S300, SnRK1 activity obtained from cotyledon extracts is detected as a single peak associated with a molecular weight of 250 kDa whereas that obtained form embryo axe extracts detected as 2 peaks associated with molecular weight of 250 and 180 kDa. 24762788 12 77 from complexes 1889:1897 arg1 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 present 1874:1880 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 12 77 from complexes 1889:1897 arg1 subunit 1863:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit 1830:1869 Since all the phosphorylated catalytic subunit is present in the complexes induced by DSP, it appears that the phosphorylation favors its interaction with other proteins. 24762788 4 78 from increase 519:526 arg1 phosphorylation 544:558 phosphorylation 544:558 phosphorylation 544:558 The increase in activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit coincides with a decrease in hexoses. 24762788 4 78 from increase 519:526 arg1 activity 531:538 activity 531:538 activity 531:538 The increase in activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit coincides with a decrease in hexoses. 24762788 4 79 theme catalytic 567:575 arg1 subunit 577:583 the catalytic subunit 563:583 the catalytic subunit 563:583 The increase in activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit coincides with a decrease in hexoses. 25081519 6 0 theme nitric 971:976 arg1 acid 978:981 harsh nitric acid 965:981 harsh nitric acid 965:981 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 2 1 used used 245:248 arg2 It 239:240 It 239:240 It 239:240 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 2 1 used used 245:248 arg2 agent 291:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent 253:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 253:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 2 2 theme wide 302:305 arg1 range 307:311 a wide range 300:311 a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 300:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 11 3 contain have 1667:1670 arg2 chains 1683:1688 short side chains 1672:1688 short side chains 1672:1688 Grapefruit pectin was found to have short side chains compared with orange, lime and lemon. 25081519 11 3 contain have 1667:1670 arg1 pectin 1647:1652 Grapefruit pectin 1636:1652 Grapefruit pectin 1636:1652 Grapefruit pectin was found to have short side chains compared with orange, lime and lemon. 25081519 13 4 theme homogalacturonan 2054:2069 arg1 domains 2071:2077 their homogalacturonan domains 2048:2077 their homogalacturonan domains 2048:2077 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 10 5 contain contained 1552:1560 arg2 stretches 1583:1591 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1562:1591 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains 1562:1633 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 10 5 contain contained 1552:1560 arg1 pectins 1506:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins 1484:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins 1484:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 9 6 from rich 1371:1374 arg1 stretches 1401:1409 long homogalacturonan stretches 1379:1409 long homogalacturonan stretches 1379:1409 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 10 7 theme molecular 1530:1538 arg1 weights 1540:1546 lower molecular weights 1524:1546 lower molecular weights 1524:1546 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 1 8 theme complex 157:163 arg1 macromolecule 165:177 a complex macromolecule 155:177 a complex macromolecule 155:177 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 1 8 theme complex 157:163 arg1 Pectin 145:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin 125:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin 125:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 4 9 theme pectin 776:781 arg1 samples 783:789 pectin samples 776:789 pectin samples 776:789 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 2 10 theme thickening 264:273 arg1 agent 291:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent 253:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 253:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 2 10 theme thickening 264:273 arg1 It 239:240 It 239:240 It 239:240 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 5 11 theme Citrus 800:805 arg1 material 892:899 raw material 888:899 raw material 888:899 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 11 theme Citrus 800:805 arg1 peel 807:810 METHODS Citrus peel 792:810 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier 792:874 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 6 12 theme oxalic 1011:1016 arg1 acid 1018:1021 harsh oxalic acid 1005:1021 harsh oxalic acid 1005:1021 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 13 13 dep CONCLUSIONS 1828:1838 arg1 variations 1878:1887 Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations 1840:1887 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples 1828:1930 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 2 14 theme gelling 255:261 arg1 agent 291:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent 253:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 253:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 2 14 theme gelling 255:261 arg1 It 239:240 It 239:240 It 239:240 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 1 15 theme fine 184:187 arg1 structure 189:197 the fine structure 180:197 the fine structure 180:197 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 6 16 theme acid 1081:1084 arg1 extraction 1086:1095 mild oxalic acid extraction 1069:1095 grams; mild oxalic acid extraction 1062:1095 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 10 17 theme lower 1524:1528 arg1 weights 1540:1546 lower molecular weights 1524:1546 lower molecular weights 1524:1546 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 4 18 theme pectin 580:585 arg1 components 587:596 pectin components 580:596 pectin components 580:596 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 8 19 theme samples 1297:1303 arg1 recovery 1278:1285 the recovery 1274:1285 the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight 1274:1328 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 6 20 theme mild 1069:1072 arg1 extraction 1086:1095 mild oxalic acid extraction 1069:1095 grams; mild oxalic acid extraction 1062:1095 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 6 21 dep scale 1055:1059 arg1 grams 1062:1066 grams 1062:1066 grams; mild oxalic acid extraction 1062:1095 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 10 22 theme Nitric 1484:1489 arg1 pectins 1506:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins 1484:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins 1484:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 9 23 theme oxalic 1336:1341 arg1 pectins 1358:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 8 24 theme high 1308:1311 arg1 weight 1323:1328 high molecular weight 1308:1328 high molecular weight 1308:1328 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 7 25 theme intrinsic 1193:1201 arg1 properties 1166:1175 physicochemical properties 1150:1175 physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) 1150:1212 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 25 theme intrinsic 1193:1201 arg1 viscosity 1203:1211 intrinsic viscosity 1193:1211 intrinsic viscosity 1193:1211 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 6 26 dep grams 1062:1066 arg1 extraction 1086:1095 mild oxalic acid extraction 1069:1095 grams; mild oxalic acid extraction 1062:1095 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 125:134 arg1 macromolecule 165:177 a complex macromolecule 155:177 a complex macromolecule 155:177 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 125:134 arg1 Pectin 145:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin 125:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin 125:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 8 28 theme weight 1323:1328 arg1 samples 1297:1303 pectin samples 1290:1303 pectin samples of high molecular weight 1290:1328 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 13 29 theme Structural 1840:1849 arg1 variations 1878:1887 Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations 1840:1887 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples 1828:1930 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 1 30 theme AIMS 140:143 arg1 macromolecule 165:177 a complex macromolecule 155:177 a complex macromolecule 155:177 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 1 30 theme AIMS 140:143 arg1 Pectin 145:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin 125:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin 125:150 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 6 31 theme Pectin 902:907 arg1 samples 909:915 Pectin samples 902:915 Pectin samples 902:915 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 11 32 theme side 1678:1681 arg1 chains 1683:1688 short side chains 1672:1688 short side chains 1672:1688 Grapefruit pectin was found to have short side chains compared with orange, lime and lemon. 25081519 9 33 theme long 1379:1382 arg1 stretches 1401:1409 long homogalacturonan stretches 1379:1409 long homogalacturonan stretches 1379:1409 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 10 34 theme side 1623:1626 arg1 chains 1628:1633 few and/or short side chains 1606:1633 few and/or short side chains 1606:1633 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 0 35 theme acid 93:96 arg1 type 98:101 acid type 93:101 acid type 93:101 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 12 36 from rich 1788:1791 arg1 backbones 1817:1825 rhamnogalacturonan I backbones 1796:1825 rhamnogalacturonan I backbones 1796:1825 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 10 37 theme I 1581:1581 arg1 stretches 1583:1591 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1562:1591 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains 1562:1633 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 3 38 theme extraction 394:403 arg1 processes 405:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 13 39 theme I 1980:1980 arg1 contents 1982:1989 rhamnogalacturonan I contents 1961:1989 rhamnogalacturonan I contents 1961:1989 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 7 40 theme molar 1178:1182 arg1 properties 1166:1175 physicochemical properties 1150:1175 physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) 1150:1212 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 40 theme molar 1178:1182 arg1 mass 1184:1187 molar mass 1178:1187 molar mass 1178:1187 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 3 41 theme industrial 376:385 arg1 processes 405:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 12 42 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1796:1813 arg1 backbones 1817:1825 rhamnogalacturonan I backbones 1796:1825 rhamnogalacturonan I backbones 1796:1825 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 9 43 theme I 1444:1444 arg1 stretches 1446:1454 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1425:1454 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1425:1454 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 5 44 dep peel 807:810 arg1 orange 813:818 orange 813:818 orange 813:818 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 44 dep peel 807:810 arg1 grapefruit 837:846 grapefruit 837:846 grapefruit 837:846 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 44 dep peel 807:810 arg1 lime 828:831 lime 828:831 lime 828:831 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 44 dep peel 807:810 arg1 lemon 821:825 lemon 821:825 lemon 821:825 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 45 used used 880:883 arg2 peel 807:810 METHODS Citrus peel 792:810 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier 792:874 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 45 used used 880:883 arg2 material 892:899 raw material 888:899 raw material 888:899 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 0 46 theme citrus 20:25 arg1 samples 34:40 citrus pectin samples 20:40 citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions 20:77 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 6 47 theme bulk 936:939 arg1 scale 947:951 a bulk plant scale 934:951 a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) 934:1033 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 10 48 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1562:1579 arg1 stretches 1583:1591 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1562:1591 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains 1562:1633 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 0 49 theme samples 34:40 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 0:123 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 7 50 dep properties 1166:1175 arg1 properties 1166:1175 physicochemical properties 1150:1175 physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) 1150:1212 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 50 dep properties 1166:1175 arg1 mass 1184:1187 molar mass 1178:1187 molar mass 1178:1187 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 50 dep properties 1166:1175 arg1 viscosity 1203:1211 intrinsic viscosity 1193:1211 intrinsic viscosity 1193:1211 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 8 51 theme acid 1250:1253 arg1 extraction 1255:1264 acid extraction 1250:1264 acid extraction 1250:1264 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 10 52 theme short 1617:1621 arg1 chains 1628:1633 few and/or short side chains 1606:1633 few and/or short side chains 1606:1633 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 12 53 theme Orange 1728:1733 arg1 samples 1757:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples 1728:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples 1728:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 6 54 theme acid 996:999 arg1 extraction 1023:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 6 54 theme acid 996:999 arg1 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 11 55 theme Grapefruit 1636:1645 arg1 pectin 1647:1652 Grapefruit pectin 1636:1652 Grapefruit pectin 1636:1652 Grapefruit pectin was found to have short side chains compared with orange, lime and lemon. 25081519 9 56 theme side 1471:1474 arg1 chains 1476:1481 conserved side chains 1461:1481 conserved side chains 1461:1481 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 10 57 theme few 1606:1608 arg1 chains 1628:1633 few and/or short side chains 1606:1633 few and/or short side chains 1606:1633 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 13 58 theme domains 2071:2077 arg1 length 2038:2043 the length 2034:2043 the length of their homogalacturonan domains 2034:2077 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 12 59 theme grapefruit 1739:1748 arg1 samples 1757:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples 1728:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples 1728:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 5 60 theme raw 888:890 arg1 material 892:899 raw material 888:899 raw material 888:899 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 60 theme raw 888:890 arg1 peel 807:810 METHODS Citrus peel 792:810 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier 792:874 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 6 61 theme mild 984:987 arg1 extraction 1023:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 6 61 theme mild 984:987 arg1 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 9 62 contain contained 1415:1423 arg2 stretches 1446:1454 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1425:1454 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1425:1454 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 9 62 contain contained 1415:1423 arg1 pectins 1358:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 4 63 theme conditions 711:720 arg1 influence 687:695 the influence 683:695 the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples 683:789 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 13 64 theme citrus 1910:1915 arg1 samples 1924:1930 the different citrus pectin samples 1896:1930 the different citrus pectin samples 1896:1930 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 2 65 theme applications 316:327 arg1 range 307:311 a wide range 300:311 a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 300:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 0 66 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 influence 80:88 influence 80:88 influence of acid type 80:101 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 0 66 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 pH 107:108 pH 107:108 pH of extraction 107:122 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 7 67 theme Pectin 1099:1104 arg1 sugars 1138:1143 acidic and neutral sugars 1119:1143 acidic and neutral sugars 1119:1143 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 67 theme Pectin 1099:1104 arg1 composition 1106:1116 Pectin composition 1099:1116 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) 1099:1144 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 1 68 theme many 225:228 arg1 factors 230:236 many factors 225:236 many factors 225:236 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 4 69 theme samples 783:789 arg1 characteristics 757:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics 725:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples 725:789 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 2 70 from agent 291:295 arg1 range 307:311 a wide range 300:311 a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 300:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 6 71 theme harsh 965:969 arg1 acid 978:981 harsh nitric acid 965:981 harsh nitric acid 965:981 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 5 72 from supplier 867:874 arg1 material 892:899 raw material 888:899 raw material 888:899 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 72 from supplier 867:874 arg1 peel 807:810 METHODS Citrus peel 792:810 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier 792:874 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 73 theme METHODS 792:798 arg1 material 892:899 raw material 888:899 raw material 888:899 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 5 73 theme METHODS 792:798 arg1 peel 807:810 METHODS Citrus peel 792:810 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier 792:874 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 4 74 theme macromolecular 742:755 arg1 characteristics 757:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics 725:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples 725:789 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 2 75 from range 307:311 arg1 food 335:338 food 335:338 food 335:338 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 3 76 theme tons 505:508 arg1 thousands 492:500 thousands 492:500 thousands of tons of citrus 492:518 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 1 77 theme macromolecule 165:177 arg1 structure 189:197 the fine structure 180:197 the fine structure 180:197 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. 25081519 6 78 theme acid 1018:1021 arg1 extraction 1023:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 6 78 theme acid 1018:1021 arg1 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 0 79 theme extraction 113:122 arg1 influence 80:88 influence 80:88 influence of acid type 80:101 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 0 79 theme extraction 113:122 arg1 pH 107:108 pH 107:108 pH of extraction 107:122 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 13 80 theme macromolecular 1862:1875 arg1 variations 1878:1887 Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations 1840:1887 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples 1828:1930 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 8 81 theme pectin 1290:1295 arg1 samples 1297:1303 pectin samples 1290:1303 pectin samples of high molecular weight 1290:1328 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 6 82 theme harsh 1005:1009 arg1 acid 1018:1021 harsh oxalic acid 1005:1021 harsh oxalic acid 1005:1021 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 12 83 from backbones 1817:1825 arg1 rich 1788:1791 rich 1788:1791 rich 1788:1791 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 6 84 theme oxalic 1074:1079 arg1 extraction 1086:1095 mild oxalic acid extraction 1069:1095 grams; mild oxalic acid extraction 1062:1095 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 10 85 theme acid-extracted 1491:1504 arg1 pectins 1506:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins 1484:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins 1484:1512 Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. 25081519 3 86 theme citrus 513:518 arg1 tons 505:508 tons 505:508 tons of citrus 505:518 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 9 87 theme Mild 1331:1334 arg1 pectins 1358:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 8 88 theme molecular 1313:1321 arg1 weight 1323:1328 high molecular weight 1308:1328 high molecular weight 1308:1328 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 9 89 theme acid-extracted 1343:1356 arg1 pectins 1358:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins 1331:1364 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 5 90 theme commercial 856:865 arg1 supplier 867:874 a commercial supplier 854:874 a commercial supplier 854:874 METHODS Citrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. 25081519 13 91 theme lesser 2016:2021 arg1 extent 2023:2028 a lesser extent 2014:2028 a lesser extent 2014:2028 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 6 92 theme laboratory 1044:1053 arg1 scale 1055:1059 a laboratory scale 1042:1059 a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction) 1042:1096 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 3 93 from industry 473:480 arg1 peel 434:437 fruit peel 428:437 fruit peel 428:437 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 3 93 from industry 473:480 arg1 product 448:454 a waste product 440:454 a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year 440:553 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 4 94 from influence 687:695 arg1 characteristics 757:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics 725:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples 725:789 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 4 95 theme plant 622:626 arg1 source 628:633 the plant source 618:633 the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) 618:667 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 0 96 theme type 98:101 arg1 influence 80:88 influence 80:88 influence of acid type 80:101 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 0 96 theme type 98:101 arg1 pH 107:108 pH 107:108 pH of extraction 107:122 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 4 97 dep source 628:633 arg1 orange 636:641 orange 636:641 orange 636:641 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 9 98 from stretches 1401:1409 arg1 rich 1371:1374 rich 1371:1374 rich 1371:1374 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 11 99 theme short 1672:1676 arg1 chains 1683:1688 short side chains 1672:1688 short side chains 1672:1688 Grapefruit pectin was found to have short side chains compared with orange, lime and lemon. 25081519 13 100 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1961:1978 arg1 contents 1982:1989 rhamnogalacturonan I contents 1961:1989 rhamnogalacturonan I contents 1961:1989 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 12 101 theme I 1815:1815 arg1 backbones 1817:1825 rhamnogalacturonan I backbones 1796:1825 rhamnogalacturonan I backbones 1796:1825 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 9 102 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1425:1442 arg1 stretches 1446:1454 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1425:1454 rhamnogalacturonan I stretches 1425:1454 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 7 103 theme physicochemical 1150:1164 arg1 properties 1166:1175 physicochemical properties 1150:1175 physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) 1150:1212 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 103 theme physicochemical 1150:1164 arg1 mass 1184:1187 molar mass 1178:1187 molar mass 1178:1187 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 103 theme physicochemical 1150:1164 arg1 viscosity 1203:1211 intrinsic viscosity 1193:1211 intrinsic viscosity 1193:1211 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 6 104 dep scale 947:951 arg1 extraction 1023:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction 984:1032 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 6 104 dep scale 947:951 arg1 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 kilograms 954:962 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 3 105 theme pectin 387:392 arg1 processes 405:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 0 106 theme pectin 27:32 arg1 samples 34:40 citrus pectin samples 20:40 citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions 20:77 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 4 107 dep orange 636:641 arg1 grapefruit 657:666 grapefruit 657:666 grapefruit 657:666 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 4 107 dep orange 636:641 arg1 lime 651:654 lime 651:654 lime 651:654 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 4 107 dep orange 636:641 arg1 lemon 644:648 lemon 644:648 lemon 644:648 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 6 108 theme plant 941:945 arg1 scale 947:951 a bulk plant scale 934:951 a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) 934:1033 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 6 109 dep kilograms 954:962 arg1 acid 978:981 harsh nitric acid 965:981 harsh nitric acid 965:981 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 3 110 theme fruit 428:432 arg1 peel 434:437 fruit peel 428:437 fruit peel 428:437 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 3 110 theme fruit 428:432 arg1 product 448:454 a waste product 440:454 a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year 440:553 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 9 111 theme conserved 1461:1469 arg1 chains 1476:1481 conserved side chains 1461:1481 conserved side chains 1461:1481 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 7 112 theme neutral 1130:1136 arg1 sugars 1138:1143 acidic and neutral sugars 1119:1143 acidic and neutral sugars 1119:1143 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 112 theme neutral 1130:1136 arg1 composition 1106:1116 Pectin composition 1099:1116 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) 1099:1144 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 3 113 theme Current 368:374 arg1 processes 405:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes 368:413 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 8 114 theme KEY 1231:1233 arg1 RESULTS 1235:1241 KEY RESULTS 1231:1241 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction 1231:1264 KEY RESULTS Oxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. 25081519 2 115 theme pharmaceutical 343:356 arg1 products 358:365 pharmaceutical products 343:365 pharmaceutical products 343:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 0 116 theme different 58:66 arg1 conditions 68:77 different conditions 58:77 different conditions 58:77 Characterization of citrus pectin samples extracted under different conditions: influence of acid type and pH of extraction. 25081519 7 117 theme acidic 1119:1124 arg1 sugars 1138:1143 acidic and neutral sugars 1119:1143 acidic and neutral sugars 1119:1143 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 7 117 theme acidic 1119:1124 arg1 composition 1106:1116 Pectin composition 1099:1116 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) 1099:1144 Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined. 25081519 9 118 theme homogalacturonan 1384:1399 arg1 stretches 1401:1409 long homogalacturonan stretches 1379:1409 long homogalacturonan stretches 1379:1409 Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. 25081519 4 119 theme chemical 729:736 arg1 characteristics 757:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics 725:771 the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples 725:789 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 3 120 theme waste 442:446 arg1 peel 434:437 fruit peel 428:437 fruit peel 428:437 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 3 120 theme waste 442:446 arg1 product 448:454 a waste product 440:454 a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year 440:553 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 25081519 12 121 theme pectin 1750:1755 arg1 samples 1757:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples 1728:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples 1728:1763 Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones. 25081519 2 122 from food 335:338 arg1 range 307:311 a wide range 300:311 a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 300:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 2 122 from food 335:338 arg1 applications 316:327 applications 316:327 applications 316:327 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 6 123 theme nitric 989:994 arg1 acid 996:999 nitric acid 989:999 nitric acid 989:999 Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). 25081519 13 124 theme different 1900:1908 arg1 samples 1924:1930 the different citrus pectin samples 1896:1930 the different citrus pectin samples 1896:1930 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 2 125 theme emulsifying 279:289 arg1 agent 291:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent 253:295 a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products 253:365 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 2 125 theme emulsifying 279:289 arg1 It 239:240 It 239:240 It 239:240 It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. 25081519 4 126 theme extraction 700:709 arg1 conditions 711:720 extraction conditions 700:720 extraction conditions 700:720 This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples. 25081519 13 127 theme pectin 1917:1922 arg1 samples 1924:1930 the different citrus pectin samples 1896:1930 the different citrus pectin samples 1896:1930 CONCLUSIONS Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains. 25081519 3 128 theme juicing 465:471 arg1 industry 473:480 the juicing industry 461:480 the juicing industry 461:480 Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. 24981200 4 0 theme cellulose 545:553 arg1 nanocrystals 555:566 cellulose nanocrystals 545:566 cellulose nanocrystals 545:566 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 5 1 theme reversible 818:827 arg1 changes 829:835 rapid and reversible changes 808:835 rapid and reversible changes in color 808:844 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 5 2 from changes 829:835 arg1 color 840:844 color 840:844 color 840:844 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 6 3 theme active 909:914 arg1 materials 938:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 3 4 theme material 387:394 arg1 form 361:364 a new form 355:364 a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method 355:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 5 5 theme rapid 808:812 arg1 changes 829:835 rapid and reversible changes 808:835 rapid and reversible changes in color 808:844 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 1 6 theme Cellulose-based 79:93 arg1 materials 95:103 Cellulose-based materials 79:103 Cellulose-based materials 79:103 Cellulose-based materials have been and continue to be exceptionally important for humankind. 24981200 3 7 link cellulose-derived 369:385 arg1 material 387:394 cellulose-derived material 369:394 cellulose-derived material 369:394 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 6 8 contain have 948:951 arg2 applications 963:974 potential applications 953:974 potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering 953:1061 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 8 contain have 948:951 arg1 materials 938:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 2 9 theme vital 303:307 arg1 step 309:312 a vital step 301:312 a vital step towards sustainability 301:335 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 2 9 theme vital 303:307 arg1 resource 265:272 this renewable resource 250:272 turning this renewable resource into an active material 242:296 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 4 10 theme alkaline 734:741 arg1 treatment 743:751 alkaline treatment 734:751 alkaline treatment 734:751 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 3 11 theme cellulose-derived 369:385 arg1 material 387:394 cellulose-derived material 369:394 cellulose-derived material 369:394 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 6 12 theme potential 953:961 arg1 applications 963:974 potential applications 953:974 potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering 953:1061 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 13 from applications 963:974 arg1 biosensing 979:988 biosensing 979:988 biosensing 979:988 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 13 from applications 963:974 arg1 engineering 1051:1061 tissue engineering 1044:1061 tissue engineering 1044:1061 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 13 from applications 963:974 arg1 optics 991:996 optics 991:996 optics 991:996 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 13 from applications 963:974 arg1 membranes 1010:1018 functional membranes 999:1018 functional membranes 999:1018 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 13 from applications 963:974 arg1 separation 1028:1037 chiral separation 1021:1037 chiral separation 1021:1037 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 0 14 theme mesoporous 11:20 arg1 cellulose 31:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose 0:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose 0:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose films by supramolecular cotemplating. 24981200 6 15 theme tissue 1044:1049 arg1 engineering 1051:1061 tissue engineering 1044:1061 tissue engineering 1044:1061 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 4 16 theme nanocrystals 715:726 arg1 continuum 681:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum 653:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 653:726 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 0 17 theme Responsive 0:9 arg1 cellulose 31:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose 0:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose 0:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose films by supramolecular cotemplating. 24981200 4 18 theme chiral 615:620 arg1 assembly 630:637 a chiral nematic assembly 613:637 a chiral nematic assembly 613:637 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 6 19 theme new 905:907 arg1 materials 938:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 6 20 theme cellulosic 927:936 arg1 materials 938:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 3 21 theme cotemplating 509:520 arg1 method 522:527 a new supramolecular cotemplating method 488:527 a new supramolecular cotemplating method 488:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 3 22 theme tunable 410:416 arg1 properties 427:436 tunable photonic properties 410:436 tunable photonic properties 410:436 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 3 23 theme unique 445:450 arg1 structure 463:471 a unique mesoporous structure 443:471 a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method 443:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 4 24 theme nematic 622:628 arg1 assembly 630:637 a chiral nematic assembly 613:637 a chiral nematic assembly 613:637 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 2 25 theme societal 209:216 arg1 relevance 218:226 the bioavailability and societal relevance 185:226 the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose 185:239 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 3 26 theme new 490:492 arg1 method 522:527 a new supramolecular cotemplating method 488:527 a new supramolecular cotemplating method 488:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 3 27 theme mesoporous 452:461 arg1 structure 463:471 a unique mesoporous structure 443:471 a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method 443:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 4 28 theme resin 592:596 arg1 composite 532:540 A composite 530:540 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin 530:596 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 4 28 theme resin 592:596 arg1 nanocrystals 555:566 cellulose nanocrystals 545:566 cellulose nanocrystals 545:566 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 4 28 theme resin 592:596 arg1 resin 592:596 a urea-formaldehyde resin 572:596 a urea-formaldehyde resin 572:596 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 6 29 theme mesoporous 916:925 arg1 materials 938:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials 899:946 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 3 30 theme supramolecular 494:507 arg1 method 522:527 a new supramolecular cotemplating method 488:527 a new supramolecular cotemplating method 488:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 4 31 theme urea-formaldehyde 574:590 arg1 resin 592:596 a urea-formaldehyde resin 572:596 a urea-formaldehyde resin 572:596 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 2 32 theme bioavailability 189:203 arg1 relevance 218:226 the bioavailability and societal relevance 185:226 the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose 185:239 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 2 33 theme renewable 255:263 arg1 resource 265:272 this renewable resource 250:272 turning this renewable resource into an active material 242:296 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 2 33 theme renewable 255:263 arg1 step 309:312 a vital step 301:312 a vital step towards sustainability 301:335 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 5 34 theme photonic 769:776 arg1 MPC 789:791 MPC 789:791 MPC 789:791 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 5 34 theme photonic 769:776 arg1 cellulose 778:786 photonic cellulose 769:786 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 6 35 theme chiral 1021:1026 arg1 separation 1028:1037 chiral separation 1021:1037 chiral separation 1021:1037 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 0 36 theme supramolecular 50:63 arg1 cotemplating 65:76 supramolecular cotemplating 50:76 supramolecular cotemplating 50:76 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose films by supramolecular cotemplating. 24981200 5 37 theme mesoporous 758:767 arg1 films 794:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 2 38 theme turning 242:248 arg1 resource 265:272 this renewable resource 250:272 turning this renewable resource into an active material 242:296 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 2 38 theme turning 242:248 arg1 step 309:312 a vital step 301:312 a vital step towards sustainability 301:335 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 6 39 theme functional 999:1008 arg1 membranes 1010:1018 functional membranes 999:1018 functional membranes 999:1018 These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering. 24981200 5 40 used used 872:875 arg2 films 794:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 4 41 theme nematic 662:668 arg1 continuum 681:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum 653:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 653:726 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 5 42 theme cellulose 778:786 arg1 films 794:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films 754:798 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 2 43 theme cellulose 231:239 arg1 relevance 218:226 the bioavailability and societal relevance 185:226 the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose 185:239 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 5 44 theme pressure 881:888 arg1 sensing 890:896 pressure sensing 881:896 pressure sensing 881:896 The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. 24981200 4 45 theme chiral 655:660 arg1 continuum 681:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum 653:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 653:726 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 3 46 theme new 357:359 arg1 form 361:364 a new form 355:364 a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method 355:527 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 4 47 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 nanocrystals 715:726 desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 694:726 desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 694:726 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 2 48 theme active 282:287 arg1 material 289:296 an active material 279:296 an active material 279:296 Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. 24981200 4 49 theme desulfated 694:703 arg1 nanocrystals 715:726 desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 694:726 desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 694:726 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 4 50 theme nanocrystals 555:566 arg1 composite 532:540 A composite 530:540 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin 530:596 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 4 50 theme nanocrystals 555:566 arg1 nanocrystals 555:566 cellulose nanocrystals 545:566 cellulose nanocrystals 545:566 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 4 50 theme nanocrystals 555:566 arg1 resin 592:596 a urea-formaldehyde resin 572:596 a urea-formaldehyde resin 572:596 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 24981200 0 51 theme photonic 22:29 arg1 cellulose 31:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose 0:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose 0:39 Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose films by supramolecular cotemplating. 24981200 3 52 theme photonic 418:425 arg1 properties 427:436 tunable photonic properties 410:436 tunable photonic properties 410:436 Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. 24981200 4 53 theme mesoporous 670:679 arg1 continuum 681:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum 653:689 a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals 653:726 A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. 25482531 0 0 theme casein/pectin 88:100 arg1 films 102:106 blend casein/pectin films 82:106 blend casein/pectin films 82:106 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 7 1 theme empty 692:696 arg1 space 698:702 an empty space 689:702 an empty space between casein and pectin 689:728 In dried films, an empty space between casein and pectin was found in lateral dimension. 25482531 5 2 theme pectin 579:584 arg1 matrix 569:574 the surrounding matrix 553:574 the surrounding matrix of pectin 553:584 Raman images revealed incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin. 25482531 5 2 theme pectin 579:584 arg1 polymers 497:504 polymers 497:504 polymers because particles consisted of casein only 497:547 Raman images revealed incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin. 25482531 5 3 theme Raman 451:455 arg1 images 457:462 Raman images 451:462 Raman images 451:462 Raman images revealed incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin. 25482531 0 4 theme blend 82:86 arg1 films 102:106 blend casein/pectin films 82:106 blend casein/pectin films 82:106 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 0 5 from micro-particles 63:77 arg1 films 102:106 blend casein/pectin films 82:106 blend casein/pectin films 82:106 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 2 6 from composition 227:237 arg1 films 274:278 resulting films 264:278 resulting films 264:278 Confocal Raman microscopy revealed their composition and spatial dimension in resulting films. 25482531 7 7 theme lateral 743:749 arg1 dimension 751:759 lateral dimension 743:759 lateral dimension 743:759 In dried films, an empty space between casein and pectin was found in lateral dimension. 25482531 7 8 theme dried 676:680 arg1 films 682:686 dried films 676:686 dried films 676:686 In dried films, an empty space between casein and pectin was found in lateral dimension. 25482531 2 9 from dimension 251:259 arg1 films 274:278 resulting films 264:278 resulting films 264:278 Confocal Raman microscopy revealed their composition and spatial dimension in resulting films. 25482531 6 10 theme film 657:660 arg1 formation 662:670 film formation 657:670 film formation 657:670 Deformation of micro-particles into an oblate shape took place during film formation. 25482531 4 11 theme conformational 405:418 arg1 changes 420:426 no conformational changes 402:426 no conformational changes 402:426 This suggested that no conformational changes occurred after mixing. 25482531 0 12 theme Raman 24:28 arg1 microscopy 30:39 confocal Raman microscopy 15:39 confocal Raman microscopy 15:39 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 3 13 from Peaks 281:285 arg1 spectra 300:306 the Raman spectra 290:306 the Raman spectra 290:306 Peaks in the Raman spectra corresponded to those found in films prepared by either casein or pectin. 25482531 0 14 theme confocal 15:22 arg1 microscopy 30:39 confocal Raman microscopy 15:39 confocal Raman microscopy 15:39 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 3 15 located found 330:334 arg2 those 324:328 those 324:328 those 324:328 Peaks in the Raman spectra corresponded to those found in films prepared by either casein or pectin. 25482531 3 15 located found 330:334 arg1 films 339:343 films 339:343 films prepared by either casein or pectin 339:379 Peaks in the Raman spectra corresponded to those found in films prepared by either casein or pectin. 25482531 7 16 located found 734:738 arg2 space 698:702 an empty space 689:702 an empty space between casein and pectin 689:728 In dried films, an empty space between casein and pectin was found in lateral dimension. 25482531 7 16 located found 734:738 arg1 dimension 751:759 lateral dimension 743:759 lateral dimension 743:759 In dried films, an empty space between casein and pectin was found in lateral dimension. 25482531 7 16 located found 734:738 arg1 films 682:686 dried films 676:686 dried films 676:686 In dried films, an empty space between casein and pectin was found in lateral dimension. 25482531 3 17 theme Raman 294:298 arg1 spectra 300:306 the Raman spectra 290:306 the Raman spectra 290:306 Peaks in the Raman spectra corresponded to those found in films prepared by either casein or pectin. 25482531 0 18 theme microscopy 30:39 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of confocal Raman microscopy 0:39 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 6 19 theme oblate 626:631 arg1 shape 633:637 an oblate shape 623:637 an oblate shape 623:637 Deformation of micro-particles into an oblate shape took place during film formation. 25482531 2 20 theme Raman 195:199 arg1 microscopy 201:210 Confocal Raman microscopy 186:210 Confocal Raman microscopy 186:210 Confocal Raman microscopy revealed their composition and spatial dimension in resulting films. 25482531 2 21 theme resulting 264:272 arg1 films 274:278 resulting films 264:278 resulting films 264:278 Confocal Raman microscopy revealed their composition and spatial dimension in resulting films. 25482531 0 22 theme casein 56:61 arg1 micro-particles 63:77 casein micro-particles 56:77 casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films 56:106 Application of confocal Raman microscopy to investigate casein micro-particles in blend casein/pectin films. 25482531 2 23 theme Confocal 186:193 arg1 microscopy 201:210 Confocal Raman microscopy 186:210 Confocal Raman microscopy 186:210 Confocal Raman microscopy revealed their composition and spatial dimension in resulting films. 25482531 2 24 theme spatial 243:249 arg1 dimension 251:259 spatial dimension 243:259 spatial dimension 243:259 Confocal Raman microscopy revealed their composition and spatial dimension in resulting films. 25482531 8 25 theme casein 775:780 arg1 micro-particles 782:796 casein micro-particles 775:796 casein micro-particles 775:796 In contrast, casein micro-particles overlapped with the pectin matrix in the vertical dimension. 25482531 1 26 theme casein 138:143 arg1 micro-particles 145:159 casein micro-particles 138:159 casein micro-particles 138:159 Pectin triggers formation of casein micro-particles during solution casting. 25482531 5 27 theme surrounding 557:567 arg1 matrix 569:574 the surrounding matrix 553:574 the surrounding matrix of pectin 553:584 Raman images revealed incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin. 25482531 1 28 theme micro-particles 145:159 arg1 formation 125:133 formation 125:133 formation of casein micro-particles 125:159 Pectin triggers formation of casein micro-particles during solution casting. 25482531 6 29 theme micro-particles 602:616 arg1 Deformation 587:597 Deformation 587:597 Deformation of micro-particles into an oblate shape 587:637 Deformation of micro-particles into an oblate shape took place during film formation. 25482531 5 30 theme matrix 569:574 arg1 incompatibility 473:487 incompatibility 473:487 incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin 473:584 Raman images revealed incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin. 25482531 5 31 theme polymers 497:504 arg1 incompatibility 473:487 incompatibility 473:487 incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin 473:584 Raman images revealed incompatibility of both polymers because particles consisted of casein only and the surrounding matrix of pectin. 25482531 8 32 theme pectin 818:823 arg1 matrix 825:830 the pectin matrix 814:830 the pectin matrix 814:830 In contrast, casein micro-particles overlapped with the pectin matrix in the vertical dimension. 25482531 8 33 theme vertical 839:846 arg1 dimension 848:856 the vertical dimension 835:856 the vertical dimension 835:856 In contrast, casein micro-particles overlapped with the pectin matrix in the vertical dimension. 25482531 1 34 theme solution 168:175 arg1 casting 177:183 solution casting 168:183 solution casting 168:183 Pectin triggers formation of casein micro-particles during solution casting. 25686999 8 0 theme swelling 1149:1156 arg1 ratio 1158:1162 the water swelling ratio 1139:1162 the water swelling ratio of alginate 1139:1174 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 12 1 from applications 1617:1628 arg1 engineering 1640:1650 tissue engineering 1633:1650 tissue engineering 1633:1650 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds exhibit great potential for applications in tissue engineering. 25686999 1 2 theme HNTs 153:156 arg1 scaffolds 169:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 5 3 theme wet 790:792 arg1 states 794:799 dry and wet states 782:799 dry and wet states 782:799 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 4 4 theme composite 594:602 arg1 scaffolds 604:612 the composite scaffolds 590:612 the composite scaffolds 590:612 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. 25686999 5 5 theme compressive 692:702 arg1 strength 704:711 compressive strength 692:711 compressive strength 692:711 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 11 6 theme scaffolds 1545:1553 arg1 cytocompatibility 1510:1526 the good cytocompatibility 1501:1526 the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds 1501:1553 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 12 7 theme Alginate/HNT 1556:1567 arg1 scaffolds 1579:1587 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds 1556:1587 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds 1556:1587 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds exhibit great potential for applications in tissue engineering. 25686999 11 8 theme alginate/HNT 1434:1445 arg1 composite 1447:1455 the alginate/HNT composite 1430:1455 the alginate/HNT composite 1430:1455 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 2 9 theme mechanical 294:303 arg1 properties 325:334 both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties 285:334 properties 325:334 HNTs are incorporated into alginate to improve both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties of the scaffolds. 25686999 10 10 theme Thermogravimetrica 1273:1290 arg1 analysis 1292:1299 Thermogravimetrica analysis 1273:1299 Thermogravimetrica analysis (TGA) 1273:1305 Thermogravimetrica analysis (TGA) shows that HNTs can improve the thermal stability of the alginate. 25686999 10 10 theme Thermogravimetrica 1273:1290 arg1 TGA 1302:1304 TGA 1302:1304 TGA 1302:1304 Thermogravimetrica analysis (TGA) shows that HNTs can improve the thermal stability of the alginate. 25686999 8 11 from decrease 1127:1134 arg1 ratio 1158:1162 the water swelling ratio 1139:1162 the water swelling ratio of alginate 1139:1174 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 8 11 from decrease 1127:1134 arg1 density 1115:1121 the scaffold density 1102:1121 the scaffold density 1102:1121 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 5 12 theme dry 782:784 arg1 states 794:799 dry and wet states 782:799 dry and wet states 782:799 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 11 13 theme better 1409:1414 arg1 attachment 1416:1425 better attachment 1409:1425 better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite 1409:1455 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 3 14 theme FTIR 505:508 arg1 spectroscopy 510:521 FTIR spectroscopy 505:521 FTIR spectroscopy 505:521 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 2 15 dep properties 325:334 arg1 both 285:288 both 285:288 both 285:288 HNTs are incorporated into alginate to improve both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties of the scaffolds. 25686999 3 16 theme interfacial 358:368 arg1 interactions 370:381 The interfacial interactions 354:381 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs 354:407 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 6 17 theme composite 915:923 arg1 scaffolds 925:933 the composite scaffolds 911:933 the composite scaffolds 911:933 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 5 18 theme composite 637:645 arg1 scaffolds 647:655 The composite scaffolds 633:655 The composite scaffolds 633:655 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 1 19 theme composite 159:167 arg1 scaffolds 169:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 4 20 theme scaffolds 604:612 arg1 properties 576:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties 524:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds 524:612 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. 25686999 6 21 with structure 831:839 arg1 size 846:849 size 846:849 size 846:849 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 9 22 theme scaffolds 1216:1224 arg1 stability 1194:1202 the stability 1190:1202 the stability of alginate scaffolds 1190:1224 HNTs improve the stability of alginate scaffolds against enzymatic degradation in PBS solution. 25686999 1 23 theme scaffolds 169:177 arg1 series 113:118 a series 111:118 a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 111:177 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 5 24 theme significant 665:675 arg1 enhancement 677:687 significant enhancement 665:687 significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus 665:735 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 5 25 dep scaffold 765:772 arg1 both 774:777 both 774:777 both 774:777 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 0 26 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite 0:41 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite nanotube composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25686999 4 27 theme physico-chemical 559:574 arg1 properties 576:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties 524:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds 524:612 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. 25686999 6 28 theme 100-200μm 867:875 arg1 range 858:862 the range 854:862 the range of 100-200μm 854:875 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 9 29 theme enzymatic 1234:1242 arg1 degradation 1244:1254 enzymatic degradation 1234:1254 enzymatic degradation in PBS solution 1234:1270 HNTs improve the stability of alginate scaffolds against enzymatic degradation in PBS solution. 25686999 10 30 theme thermal 1339:1345 arg1 stability 1347:1355 the thermal stability 1335:1355 the thermal stability of the alginate 1335:1371 Thermogravimetrica analysis (TGA) shows that HNTs can improve the thermal stability of the alginate. 25686999 10 31 theme alginate 1364:1371 arg1 stability 1347:1355 the thermal stability 1335:1355 the thermal stability of the alginate 1335:1371 Thermogravimetrica analysis (TGA) shows that HNTs can improve the thermal stability of the alginate. 25686999 5 32 from enhancement 677:687 arg1 strength 704:711 compressive strength 692:711 compressive strength 692:711 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 5 32 from enhancement 677:687 arg1 modulus 729:735 compressive modulus 717:735 compressive modulus 717:735 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 5 33 theme pure 751:754 arg1 scaffold 765:772 pure alginate scaffold 751:772 pure alginate scaffold 751:772 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 6 34 theme porous 824:829 arg1 structure 831:839 A well-interconnected porous structure 802:839 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity 802:897 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 2 35 theme cell-attachment 309:323 arg1 properties 325:334 both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties 285:334 properties 325:334 HNTs are incorporated into alginate to improve both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties of the scaffolds. 25686999 3 36 theme electron 475:482 arg1 TEM 496:498 TEM 496:498 TEM 496:498 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 3 36 theme electron 475:482 arg1 microscope 484:493 transmission electron microscope 462:493 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 462:499 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 5 37 theme alginate 756:763 arg1 scaffold 765:772 pure alginate scaffold 751:772 pure alginate scaffold 751:772 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 11 38 theme pure 1475:1478 arg1 alginate 1480:1487 the pure alginate 1471:1487 the pure alginate 1471:1487 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 1 39 theme solution-mixing 196:210 arg1 method 230:235 solution-mixing and freeze-drying method 196:235 solution-mixing and freeze-drying method 196:235 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 3 40 theme atomic 431:436 arg1 AFM 456:458 AFM 456:458 AFM 456:458 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 3 40 theme atomic 431:436 arg1 microscope 444:453 the atomic force microscope 427:453 the atomic force microscope (AFM) 427:459 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 9 41 theme PBS 1259:1261 arg1 solution 1263:1270 PBS solution 1259:1270 PBS solution 1259:1270 HNTs improve the stability of alginate scaffolds against enzymatic degradation in PBS solution. 25686999 11 42 theme good 1505:1508 arg1 cytocompatibility 1510:1526 the good cytocompatibility 1501:1526 the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds 1501:1553 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 0 43 theme alginate/halloysite 23:41 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite 0:41 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite nanotube composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25686999 8 44 from increase 1090:1097 arg1 ratio 1158:1162 the water swelling ratio 1139:1162 the water swelling ratio of alginate 1139:1174 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 8 44 from increase 1090:1097 arg1 density 1115:1121 the scaffold density 1102:1121 the scaffold density 1102:1121 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 3 45 theme force 438:442 arg1 AFM 456:458 AFM 456:458 AFM 456:458 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 3 45 theme force 438:442 arg1 microscope 444:453 the atomic force microscope 427:453 the atomic force microscope (AFM) 427:459 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 6 46 theme well-interconnected 804:822 arg1 structure 831:839 A well-interconnected porous structure 802:839 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity 802:897 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 3 47 theme transmission 462:473 arg1 TEM 496:498 TEM 496:498 TEM 496:498 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 3 47 theme transmission 462:473 arg1 microscope 484:493 transmission electron microscope 462:493 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 462:499 The interfacial interactions between alginate and HNTs were confirmed by the atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. 25686999 11 48 theme mouse 1378:1382 arg1 cells 1395:1399 The mouse fibroblast cells 1374:1399 The mouse fibroblast cells 1374:1399 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 4 49 theme mechanical 528:537 arg1 properties 576:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties 524:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds 524:612 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. 25686999 5 50 theme compressive 717:727 arg1 modulus 729:735 compressive modulus 717:735 compressive modulus 717:735 The composite scaffolds exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and compressive modulus compared with pure alginate scaffold both in dry and wet states. 25686999 6 51 theme % 888:888 arg1 porosity 890:897 96% porosity 886:897 96% porosity 886:897 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 12 52 theme composite 1569:1577 arg1 scaffolds 1579:1587 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds 1556:1587 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds 1556:1587 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds exhibit great potential for applications in tissue engineering. 25686999 0 53 theme composite 52:60 arg1 scaffolds 62:70 composite scaffolds 52:70 composite scaffolds for tissue engineering 52:93 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite nanotube composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25686999 6 54 theme 96 886:887 arg1 % 888:888 % 888:888 % 888:888 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 8 55 theme HNTs 1076:1079 arg1 incorporation 1059:1071 The incorporation 1055:1071 The incorporation of HNTs 1055:1079 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 9 56 from degradation 1244:1254 arg1 solution 1263:1270 PBS solution 1259:1270 PBS solution 1259:1270 HNTs improve the stability of alginate scaffolds against enzymatic degradation in PBS solution. 25686999 7 57 theme diffraction 942:952 arg1 result 960:965 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result 936:965 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result 936:965 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result shows that HNTs are uniformly dispersed and partly oriented in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 4 58 theme morphological 540:552 arg1 properties 576:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties 524:585 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds 524:612 The mechanical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. 25686999 12 59 theme tissue 1633:1638 arg1 engineering 1640:1650 tissue engineering 1633:1650 tissue engineering 1633:1650 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds exhibit great potential for applications in tissue engineering. 25686999 2 60 theme scaffolds 343:351 arg1 properties 325:334 both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties 285:334 properties 325:334 HNTs are incorporated into alginate to improve both the mechanical and cell-attachment properties of the scaffolds. 25686999 7 61 theme composite 1034:1042 arg1 scaffolds 1044:1052 the composite scaffolds 1030:1052 the composite scaffolds 1030:1052 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result shows that HNTs are uniformly dispersed and partly oriented in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 11 62 theme fibroblast 1384:1393 arg1 cells 1395:1399 The mouse fibroblast cells 1374:1399 The mouse fibroblast cells 1374:1399 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 1 63 theme alginate/halloysite 123:141 arg1 scaffolds 169:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 9 64 theme alginate 1207:1214 arg1 scaffolds 1216:1224 alginate scaffolds 1207:1224 alginate scaffolds 1207:1224 HNTs improve the stability of alginate scaffolds against enzymatic degradation in PBS solution. 25686999 12 65 theme great 1597:1601 arg1 potential 1603:1611 great potential 1597:1611 great potential for applications in tissue engineering 1597:1650 Alginate/HNT composite scaffolds exhibit great potential for applications in tissue engineering. 25686999 0 66 theme tissue 76:81 arg1 engineering 83:93 tissue engineering 76:93 tissue engineering 76:93 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite nanotube composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25686999 1 67 theme freeze-drying 216:228 arg1 method 230:235 solution-mixing and freeze-drying method 196:235 solution-mixing and freeze-drying method 196:235 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 11 68 theme composite 1535:1543 arg1 scaffolds 1545:1553 the composite scaffolds 1531:1553 the composite scaffolds 1531:1553 The mouse fibroblast cells display better attachment to the alginate/HNT composite than those to the pure alginate, suggesting the good cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. 25686999 6 69 from structure 831:839 arg1 range 858:862 the range 854:862 the range of 100-200μm 854:875 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 1 70 theme nanotube 143:150 arg1 scaffolds 169:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds 123:177 In this study, a series of alginate/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composite scaffolds were prepared by solution-mixing and freeze-drying method. 25686999 7 71 theme X-ray 936:940 arg1 XRD 955:957 XRD 955:957 XRD 955:957 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result shows that HNTs are uniformly dispersed and partly oriented in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 7 71 theme X-ray 936:940 arg1 diffraction 942:952 X-ray diffraction 936:952 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result 936:965 X-ray diffraction (XRD) result shows that HNTs are uniformly dispersed and partly oriented in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 8 72 theme water 1143:1147 arg1 ratio 1158:1162 the water swelling ratio 1139:1162 the water swelling ratio of alginate 1139:1174 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 0 73 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro evaluation of alginate/halloysite nanotube composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25686999 6 74 located found 902:906 arg1 scaffolds 925:933 the composite scaffolds 911:933 the composite scaffolds 911:933 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 6 74 located found 902:906 arg2 structure 831:839 A well-interconnected porous structure 802:839 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity 802:897 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 96% porosity is found in the composite scaffolds. 25686999 8 75 theme scaffold 1106:1113 arg1 density 1115:1121 the scaffold density 1102:1121 the scaffold density 1102:1121 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25686999 8 76 theme alginate 1167:1174 arg1 ratio 1158:1162 the water swelling ratio 1139:1162 the water swelling ratio of alginate 1139:1174 The incorporation of HNTs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio of alginate. 25729886 3 0 theme lactose 571:577 arg1 concentrations 579:592 higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations 546:592 higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations 546:592 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 1 theme whey 561:564 arg1 concentrations 579:592 higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations 546:592 higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations 546:592 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 0 2 from Emptying 8:15 arg1 Infants 94:100 Preterm Infants 86:100 Preterm Infants 86:100 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 1 3 theme fortification 131:143 arg1 effects 120:126 the effects 116:126 the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) 116:296 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 1 4 theme own 227:229 arg1 milk 231:234 mother's own milk 218:234 mother's own milk 218:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 0 5 theme Milk 78:81 arg1 Curding 21:27 Curding 21:27 Curding 21:27 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 0 5 theme Milk 78:81 arg1 Emptying 8:15 Gastric Emptying 0:15 Gastric Emptying 0:15 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 1 6 theme milk 231:234 arg1 pairs 209:213 un/fortified pairs 196:213 un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk 196:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 0 7 theme Own 74:76 arg1 Milk 78:81 Mother's Own Milk 65:81 Mother's Own Milk 65:81 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 5 8 theme preterm 817:823 arg1 intolerance 833:843 preterm feeding intolerance 817:843 preterm feeding intolerance 817:843 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 0 9 theme Preterm 86:92 arg1 Infants 94:100 Preterm Infants 86:100 Preterm Infants 86:100 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 5 10 theme breast 755:760 arg1 compositions 767:778 differing breast milk compositions 745:778 differing breast milk compositions 745:778 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 1 11 from effects 120:126 arg1 milk 278:281 pasteurized donor human milk 254:281 pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) 254:296 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 1 11 from effects 120:126 arg1 curding 185:191 curding 185:191 curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk 185:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 1 11 from effects 120:126 arg1 emptying 172:179 gastric emptying 164:179 gastric emptying 164:179 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 5 12 theme feeding 825:831 arg1 intolerance 833:843 preterm feeding intolerance 817:843 preterm feeding intolerance 817:843 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 2 13 theme meal 327:330 arg1 % 345:345 % 345:345 % 345:345 Retained meal proportions (%) and curding were determined from sonography. 25729886 2 13 theme meal 327:330 arg1 proportions 332:342 Retained meal proportions 318:342 Retained meal proportions (%) 318:346 Retained meal proportions (%) and curding were determined from sonography. 25729886 5 14 theme differing 745:753 arg1 compositions 767:778 differing breast milk compositions 745:778 differing breast milk compositions 745:778 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 1 15 theme composition 149:159 arg1 effects 120:126 the effects 116:126 the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) 116:296 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 1 16 theme preterm 301:307 arg1 infants 309:315 preterm infants 301:315 preterm infants 301:315 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 5 17 theme fortification 710:722 arg1 Influences 696:705 Influences 696:705 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions 696:778 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 0 18 theme Gastric 0:6 arg1 Emptying 8:15 Gastric Emptying 0:15 Gastric Emptying 0:15 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 3 19 dep higher 438:443 arg1 whereas 538:544 whereas 538:544 whereas 538:544 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 1 20 theme gastric 164:170 arg1 emptying 172:179 gastric emptying 164:179 gastric emptying 164:179 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 3 21 theme fortified 491:499 arg1 meals 501:505 fortified meals 491:505 fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001) 491:535 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 22 dep meals 501:505 arg1 % 512:512 31.5% 508:512 31.5% 508:512 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 1 23 dep milk 278:281 arg1 PDHM 284:287 PDHM 284:287 PDHM 284:287 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 1 23 dep milk 278:281 arg1 n = 15 290:295 n = 15 290:295 n = 15 290:295 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 3 24 dep PDHM 449:452 arg1 % 457:457 23% 455:457 23% 455:457 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 24 dep PDHM 449:452 arg1 P = 0.006 476:484 P = 0.006 476:484 P = 0.006 476:484 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 24 dep PDHM 449:452 arg1 % 473:473 P = 0.026; 15% 460:473 P = 0.026; 15% 460:473 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 25 theme Immediate 393:401 arg1 % 431:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % 393:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % 393:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 0 26 theme Pasteurized 32:42 arg1 Milk 56:59 Pasteurized Donor Human Milk 32:59 Pasteurized Donor Human Milk 32:59 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 3 27 dep higher 546:551 arg1 casein 553:558 casein 553:558 casein 553:558 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 28 theme immediate 621:629 arg1 % 644:644 lower immediate postprandial % 615:644 lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006) 615:660 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 28 theme immediate 621:629 arg1 P < 0.006 651:659 all P < 0.006 647:659 all P < 0.006 647:659 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 1 29 from curding 185:191 arg1 pairs 209:213 un/fortified pairs 196:213 un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk 196:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 3 30 theme lower 615:619 arg1 % 644:644 lower immediate postprandial % 615:644 lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006) 615:660 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 30 theme lower 615:619 arg1 P < 0.006 651:659 all P < 0.006 647:659 all P < 0.006 647:659 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 1 31 from milk 278:281 arg1 pairs 209:213 un/fortified pairs 196:213 un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk 196:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 1 32 theme pasteurized 254:264 arg1 milk 278:281 pasteurized donor human milk 254:281 pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) 254:296 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 0 33 theme Milk 56:59 arg1 Curding 21:27 Curding 21:27 Curding 21:27 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 0 33 theme Milk 56:59 arg1 Emptying 8:15 Gastric Emptying 0:15 Gastric Emptying 0:15 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 3 34 theme postprandial 418:429 arg1 % 431:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % 393:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % 393:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 0 35 theme Donor 44:48 arg1 Milk 56:59 Pasteurized Donor Human Milk 32:59 Pasteurized Donor Human Milk 32:59 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 1 36 theme donor 266:270 arg1 milk 278:281 pasteurized donor human milk 254:281 pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) 254:296 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 3 37 theme higher 546:551 arg1 concentrations 579:592 higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations 546:592 higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations 546:592 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 1 38 from emptying 172:179 arg1 pairs 209:213 un/fortified pairs 196:213 un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk 196:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 5 39 theme milk 762:765 arg1 compositions 767:778 differing breast milk compositions 745:778 differing breast milk compositions 745:778 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 1 40 theme human 272:276 arg1 milk 278:281 pasteurized donor human milk 254:281 pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) 254:296 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 5 41 theme compositions 767:778 arg1 Influences 696:705 Influences 696:705 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions 696:778 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 1 42 theme un/fortified 196:207 arg1 pairs 209:213 un/fortified pairs 196:213 un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk 196:234 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 3 43 theme subsequent 407:416 arg1 % 431:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % 393:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % 393:431 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 1 44 dep emptying 172:179 arg1 MOM 237:239 MOM 237:239 MOM 237:239 We evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. 25729886 5 45 theme pasteurization 725:738 arg1 Influences 696:705 Influences 696:705 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions 696:778 Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance. 25729886 2 46 theme Retained 318:325 arg1 % 345:345 % 345:345 % 345:345 Retained meal proportions (%) and curding were determined from sonography. 25729886 2 46 theme Retained 318:325 arg1 proportions 332:342 Retained meal proportions 318:342 Retained meal proportions (%) 318:346 Retained meal proportions (%) and curding were determined from sonography. 25729886 0 47 theme Human 50:54 arg1 Milk 56:59 Pasteurized Donor Human Milk 32:59 Pasteurized Donor Human Milk 32:59 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 0 48 from Curding 21:27 arg1 Infants 94:100 Preterm Infants 86:100 Preterm Infants 86:100 Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants. 25729886 3 49 dep % 512:512 arg1 both 521:524 both 521:524 both 521:524 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 50 theme postprandial 631:642 arg1 % 644:644 lower immediate postprandial % 615:644 lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006) 615:660 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 25729886 3 50 theme postprandial 631:642 arg1 P < 0.006 651:659 all P < 0.006 647:659 all P < 0.006 647:659 Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). 24876343 1 0 theme array 180:184 arg1 structure 186:194 a micronozzle array structure 166:194 a micronozzle array structure 166:194 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 4 1 theme Neuron-like 655:665 arg1 cells 672:676 Neuron-like PC12 cells 655:676 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, 655:755 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 0 2 theme network 92:98 arg1 formation 100:108 network formation 92:108 network formation of neural cells 92:124 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 4 3 theme intercellular 788:800 arg1 networks 802:809 linear intercellular networks 781:809 linear intercellular networks 781:809 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 2 4 theme focused 419:425 arg1 micronozzles 394:405 vertical micronozzles 385:405 vertical micronozzles 385:405 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 0 5 theme neural 113:118 arg1 cells 120:124 neural cells 113:124 neural cells 113:124 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 2 6 theme Hydrogel 305:312 arg1 solutions 324:332 Hydrogel precursor solutions 305:332 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions 305:360 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 3 7 theme parallel 620:627 arg1 regions 629:635 4/8 parallel regions 616:635 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery 616:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 2 8 theme different 339:347 arg1 compositions 349:360 different compositions 339:360 different compositions 339:360 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 4 9 theme PC12 667:670 arg1 cells 672:676 Neuron-like PC12 cells 655:676 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, 655:755 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 1 10 with devices 153:159 arg1 structure 186:194 a micronozzle array structure 166:194 a micronozzle array structure 166:194 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 2 11 theme multiple 481:488 arg1 regions 490:496 multiple regions 481:496 multiple regions of different physicochemical composition 481:537 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 3 12 theme μm 609:610 arg1 diameters 587:595 diameters 587:595 diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm 587:610 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 3 12 theme μm 609:610 arg1 regions 629:635 4/8 parallel regions 616:635 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery 616:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 5 13 theme nerve 1018:1022 arg1 bundles 1024:1030 complex nerve bundles 1010:1030 complex nerve bundles found in vivo 1010:1044 After cultivation for 14 days, one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo were formed. 24876343 2 14 theme hydrogel 460:467 arg1 fibers 469:474 hydrogel fibers 460:474 hydrogel fibers 460:474 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 0 15 theme cells 120:124 arg1 formation 100:108 network formation 92:108 network formation of neural cells 92:124 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 6 16 dep in 1118:1119 arg1 vivo 1121:1124 vivo 1121:1124 vivo 1121:1124 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 3 17 with microfibers 570:580 arg1 diameters 587:595 diameters 587:595 diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm 587:610 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 3 17 with microfibers 570:580 arg1 regions 629:635 4/8 parallel regions 616:635 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery 616:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 2 18 theme physicochemical 511:525 arg1 composition 527:537 different physicochemical composition 501:537 different physicochemical composition 501:537 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 4 19 theme physical 849:856 arg1 restrictions 858:869 the physical restrictions 845:869 the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions 845:909 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 2 20 theme composition 527:537 arg1 regions 490:496 multiple regions 481:496 multiple regions of different physicochemical composition 481:537 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 2 21 theme vertical 385:392 arg1 micronozzles 394:405 vertical micronozzles 385:405 vertical micronozzles 385:405 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 4 22 theme soft 735:738 arg1 matrix 749:754 a soft hydrogel matrix 733:754 a soft hydrogel matrix 733:754 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 0 23 theme Patterned 0:8 arg1 hydrogel 10:17 Patterned hydrogel 0:17 Patterned hydrogel 0:17 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 6 24 theme proposed 1063:1070 arg1 fibers 1072:1077 The proposed fibers 1059:1077 The proposed fibers 1059:1077 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 6 24 theme proposed 1063:1070 arg1 useful 1089:1094 useful 1089:1094 useful 1089:1094 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 6 24 theme proposed 1063:1070 arg1 applicable 1155:1164 applicable 1155:1164 applicable 1155:1164 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 4 25 theme linear 781:786 arg1 networks 802:809 linear intercellular networks 781:809 linear intercellular networks 781:809 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 5 26 theme one-millimeter-long 943:961 arg1 networks 977:984 one-millimeter-long intercellular networks 943:984 one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo 943:1044 After cultivation for 14 days, one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo were formed. 24876343 2 27 theme different 501:509 arg1 composition 527:537 different physicochemical composition 501:537 different physicochemical composition 501:537 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 3 28 from diameters 587:595 arg1 periphery 644:652 the periphery 640:652 the periphery 640:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 4 29 theme fiber 821:825 arg1 length 827:832 the fiber length 817:832 the fiber length 817:832 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 5 30 theme complex 1010:1016 arg1 bundles 1024:1030 complex nerve bundles 1010:1030 complex nerve bundles found in vivo 1010:1044 After cultivation for 14 days, one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo were formed. 24876343 1 31 with microfibers 243:253 arg1 morphologies 291:302 highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 260:302 highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 260:302 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 6 32 theme regenerative 1169:1180 arg1 medicine 1182:1189 regenerative medicine 1169:1189 regenerative medicine 1169:1189 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 1 33 theme unique 227:232 arg1 microfibers 243:253 unique hydrogel microfibers 227:253 unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 227:302 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 0 34 theme multilayered 46:57 arg1 devices 72:78 multilayered microfluidic devices 46:78 multilayered microfluidic devices 46:78 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 2 35 theme united 408:413 arg1 micronozzles 394:405 vertical micronozzles 385:405 vertical micronozzles 385:405 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 6 36 theme linear 1126:1131 arg1 tissues 1133:1139 various in vivo linear tissues 1110:1139 various in vivo linear tissues 1110:1139 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 1 37 theme hydrogel 234:241 arg1 microfibers 243:253 unique hydrogel microfibers 227:253 unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 227:302 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 4 38 theme parallel 698:705 arg1 region 707:712 the parallel region 694:712 the parallel region 694:712 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 5 39 located found 1032:1036 arg1 vivo 1041:1044 vivo 1041:1044 vivo 1041:1044 After cultivation for 14 days, one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo were formed. 24876343 5 39 located found 1032:1036 arg2 bundles 1024:1030 complex nerve bundles 1010:1030 complex nerve bundles found in vivo 1010:1044 After cultivation for 14 days, one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo were formed. 24876343 6 40 theme cells 1220:1224 arg1 medicine 1182:1189 regenerative medicine 1169:1189 regenerative medicine 1169:1189 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 6 40 theme cells 1220:1224 arg1 studies 1209:1215 physiological studies 1195:1215 physiological studies of cells 1195:1224 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 1 41 theme Multilayered 127:138 arg1 devices 153:159 Multilayered microfluidic devices 127:159 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure 127:194 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 0 42 theme microfluidic 59:70 arg1 devices 72:78 multilayered microfluidic devices 46:78 multilayered microfluidic devices 46:78 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 4 43 theme rigid 897:901 arg1 regions 903:909 the relatively rigid regions 882:909 the relatively rigid regions 882:909 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 1 44 theme microfluidic 140:151 arg1 devices 153:159 Multilayered microfluidic devices 127:159 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure 127:194 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 3 45 from regions 629:635 arg1 periphery 644:652 the periphery 640:652 the periphery 640:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 2 46 theme precursor 314:322 arg1 solutions 324:332 Hydrogel precursor solutions 305:332 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions 305:360 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 6 47 theme various 1110:1116 arg1 tissues 1133:1139 various in vivo linear tissues 1110:1139 various in vivo linear tissues 1110:1139 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 3 48 theme hydrogel 561:568 arg1 microfibers 570:580 alginate hydrogel microfibers 552:580 alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery 552:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 6 49 theme in 1118:1119 arg1 tissues 1133:1139 various in vivo linear tissues 1110:1139 various in vivo linear tissues 1110:1139 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 0 50 dep microfibers 19:29 arg1 prepared 31:38 prepared 31:38 microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells 19:124 Patterned hydrogel microfibers prepared using multilayered microfluidic devices for guiding network formation of neural cells. 24876343 4 51 theme hydrogel 740:747 arg1 matrix 749:754 a soft hydrogel matrix 733:754 a soft hydrogel matrix 733:754 Neuron-like PC12 cells encapsulated in the parallel region, which was made of a soft hydrogel matrix, proliferated and formed linear intercellular networks along the fiber length because of the physical restrictions imposed by the relatively rigid regions. 24876343 3 52 theme alginate 552:559 arg1 microfibers 570:580 alginate hydrogel microfibers 552:580 alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery 552:652 We prepared alginate hydrogel microfibers with diameters of 60 ~ 130 μm and 4/8 parallel regions in the periphery. 24876343 2 53 with solutions 324:332 arg1 compositions 349:360 different compositions 339:360 different compositions 339:360 Hydrogel precursor solutions with different compositions are introduced through vertical micronozzles, united and focused, and continuously gelled to form hydrogel fibers with multiple regions of different physicochemical composition. 24876343 5 54 theme intercellular 963:975 arg1 networks 977:984 one-millimeter-long intercellular networks 943:984 one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo 943:1044 After cultivation for 14 days, one-millimeter-long intercellular networks that structurally mimic complex nerve bundles found in vivo were formed. 24876343 1 55 theme complex 267:273 arg1 morphologies 291:302 highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 260:302 highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 260:302 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 6 56 theme physiological 1195:1207 arg1 studies 1209:1215 physiological studies 1195:1215 physiological studies of cells 1195:1224 The proposed fibers should be useful for producing various in vivo linear tissues and should be applicable to regenerative medicine and physiological studies of cells. 24876343 1 57 theme micronozzle 168:178 arg1 structure 186:194 a micronozzle array structure 166:194 a micronozzle array structure 166:194 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24876343 1 58 theme cross-sectional 275:289 arg1 morphologies 291:302 highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 260:302 highly complex cross-sectional morphologies 260:302 Multilayered microfluidic devices with a micronozzle array structure have been developed to prepare unique hydrogel microfibers with highly complex cross-sectional morphologies. 24123895 1 0 theme functional 173:182 arg1 coatings 184:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 2 1 from ability 320:326 arg1 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 2 1 from ability 320:326 arg1 fluid 348:352 a simulated body fluid 331:352 a simulated body fluid (SBF) 331:358 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 3 2 dep glass 681:685 arg1 up 670:671 up 670:671 up 670:671 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 6 3 theme graded 1041:1046 arg1 coating 1048:1054 The graded coating 1037:1054 The graded coating 1037:1054 The graded coating therefore provided the best compromise between mechanical reliability and apatite-forming ability in SBF. 24123895 5 4 theme low 984:986 arg1 resistance 996:1005 a relatively low scratch resistance 971:1005 a relatively low scratch resistance 971:1005 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 3 5 with interface 635:643 arg1 substrate 660:668 the metal substrate 650:668 the metal substrate 650:668 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 0 6 theme bioactive 112:120 arg1 glass 122:126 bioactive glass 112:126 bioactive glass 112:126 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass. 24123895 5 7 from presence 812:819 arg1 surface 858:864 the working surface 846:864 the working surface 846:864 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 2 8 theme apatite-forming 304:318 arg1 ability 320:326 apatite-forming ability 304:326 apatite-forming ability 304:326 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 5 9 theme working 850:856 arg1 surface 858:864 the working surface 846:864 the working surface 846:864 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 3 10 theme HA 535:536 arg1 layer 538:542 HA layer 535:542 HA layer 535:542 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 5 11 theme scratch 988:994 arg1 resistance 996:1005 a relatively low scratch resistance 971:1005 a relatively low scratch resistance 971:1005 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 3 12 theme top 520:522 arg1 layer 524:528 glass top layer 514:528 glass top layer onto HA layer 514:542 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 13 theme constituent 469:479 arg1 phases 481:486 constituent phases 469:486 constituent phases 469:486 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 14 dep included 406:413 arg1 graded 555:560 graded 555:560 graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface 555:700 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 5 15 attach presence 812:819 arg2 layer 837:841 a pure glass layer 824:841 a pure glass layer 824:841 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 5 15 attach presence 812:819 arg1 surface 858:864 the working surface 846:864 the working surface 846:864 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 5 16 theme layer 837:841 arg1 presence 812:819 the presence 808:819 the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface 808:864 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 3 17 theme coatings 390:397 arg1 design 399:404 The functional coatings design 375:404 The functional coatings design 375:404 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 18 theme metal 654:658 arg1 substrate 660:668 the metal substrate 650:668 the metal substrate 650:668 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 19 from glass 681:685 arg1 surface 694:700 the surface 690:700 the surface 690:700 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 2 20 theme simulated 333:341 arg1 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 2 20 theme simulated 333:341 arg1 fluid 348:352 a simulated body fluid 331:352 a simulated body fluid (SBF) 331:358 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 5 21 theme SBF 784:786 arg1 tests 788:792 The SBF tests 780:792 The SBF tests 780:792 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 0 22 theme Microstructural 0:14 arg1 design 16:21 Microstructural design 0:21 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma 0:83 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass. 24123895 4 23 theme coating 763:769 arg1 designs 771:777 all the coating designs 755:777 all the coating designs 755:777 The SPS was a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs. 24123895 2 24 from microstructure 264:277 arg1 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 2 24 from microstructure 264:277 arg1 fluid 348:352 a simulated body fluid 331:352 a simulated body fluid (SBF) 331:358 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 3 25 theme composite 420:428 arg1 coating 430:436 (i) composite coating 416:436 (i) composite coating 416:436 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 8 26 dep Res 1208:1210 arg1 551-560 1241:1247 551-560 1241:1247 551-560 1241:1247 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 24123895 8 26 dep Res 1208:1210 arg1 102B 1235:1238 102B 1235:1238 102B 1235:1238 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 24123895 8 26 dep Res 1208:1210 arg1 B 1217:1217 Part B 1212:1217 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 1193:1254 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 24123895 8 26 dep Res 1208:1210 arg1 Biomater 1225:1232 Biomater 1225:1232 Biomater 1225:1232 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 24123895 5 27 theme glass 831:835 arg1 layer 837:841 a pure glass layer 824:841 a pure glass layer 824:841 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 1 28 theme suspension 214:223 arg1 technique 247:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 3 29 theme functional 379:388 arg1 design 399:404 The functional coatings design 375:404 The functional coatings design 375:404 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 30 theme changing 585:592 arg1 composition 594:604 a gradual changing composition 575:604 a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface 575:700 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 31 dep duplex 494:499 arg1 ii 490:491 ii 490:491 ii 490:491 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 1 32 theme plasma 225:230 arg1 technique 247:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 0 33 theme coatings 46:53 arg1 design 16:21 Microstructural design 0:21 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma 0:83 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass. 24123895 3 34 theme pure 676:679 arg1 glass 681:685 pure glass 676:685 pure glass on the surface 676:700 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 1 35 theme spraying 232:239 arg1 technique 247:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 0 36 theme graded 39:44 arg1 coatings 46:53 functionally graded coatings 26:53 functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma 26:83 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass. 24123895 4 37 theme coating 726:732 arg1 technique 734:742 a suitable coating technique 715:742 a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs 715:777 The SPS was a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs. 24123895 4 37 theme coating 726:732 arg1 SPS 707:709 The SPS 703:709 The SPS 703:709 The SPS was a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs. 24123895 8 38 theme Part 1212:1215 arg1 B 1217:1217 Part B 1212:1217 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 1193:1254 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 551-560, 2014. 24123895 3 39 theme gradual 577:583 arg1 composition 594:604 a gradual changing composition 575:604 a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface 575:700 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 3 40 dep coating 430:436 arg1 i 417:417 i 417:417 i 417:417 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 1 41 theme Various 129:135 arg1 coatings 184:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 3 42 theme pure 620:623 arg1 HA 625:626 pure HA 620:626 pure HA 620:626 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 1 43 theme bioactive 137:145 arg1 coatings 184:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 6 44 theme mechanical 1103:1112 arg1 reliability 1114:1124 mechanical reliability 1103:1124 mechanical reliability 1103:1124 The graded coating therefore provided the best compromise between mechanical reliability and apatite-forming ability in SBF. 24123895 6 45 theme apatite-forming 1130:1144 arg1 ability 1146:1152 apatite-forming ability 1130:1152 apatite-forming ability 1130:1152 The graded coating therefore provided the best compromise between mechanical reliability and apatite-forming ability in SBF. 24123895 2 46 theme scratch 280:286 arg1 resistance 288:297 scratch resistance 280:297 scratch resistance 280:297 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 5 47 theme graded 922:927 arg1 coatings 929:936 graded coatings 922:936 graded coatings 922:936 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 1 48 theme glass/hydroxyapatite 147:166 arg1 coatings 184:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 2 49 from resistance 288:297 arg1 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 2 49 from resistance 288:297 arg1 fluid 348:352 a simulated body fluid 331:352 a simulated body fluid (SBF) 331:358 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 1 50 theme SPS 242:244 arg1 technique 247:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique 210:255 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 5 51 theme duplex 947:952 arg1 coating 954:960 the duplex coating 943:960 the duplex coating 943:960 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 3 52 theme glass 514:518 arg1 layer 524:528 glass top layer 514:528 glass top layer onto HA layer 514:542 The functional coatings design included: (i) composite coating, that is, randomly distributed constituent phases; (ii) duplex coating with glass top layer onto HA layer; and (iii) graded coating with a gradual changing composition starting from pure HA at the interface with the metal substrate up to pure glass on the surface. 24123895 2 53 theme body 343:346 arg1 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 SBF 355:357 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 2 53 theme body 343:346 arg1 fluid 348:352 a simulated body fluid 331:352 a simulated body fluid (SBF) 331:358 Their microstructure, scratch resistance, and apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. 24123895 5 54 theme pure 826:829 arg1 layer 837:841 a pure glass layer 824:841 a pure glass layer 824:841 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 4 55 theme suitable 717:724 arg1 technique 734:742 a suitable coating technique 715:742 a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs 715:777 The SPS was a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs. 24123895 4 55 theme suitable 717:724 arg1 SPS 707:709 The SPS 703:709 The SPS 703:709 The SPS was a suitable coating technique to produce all the coating designs. 24123895 6 56 dep best 1079:1082 arg1 compromise 1084:1093 compromise 1084:1093 compromise between mechanical reliability and apatite-forming ability in SBF 1084:1159 The graded coating therefore provided the best compromise between mechanical reliability and apatite-forming ability in SBF. 24123895 1 57 theme HA 169:170 arg1 coatings 184:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings 129:191 Various bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (HA) functional coatings were designed by the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique. 24123895 0 58 theme suspension 67:76 arg1 plasma 78:83 suspension plasma 67:83 suspension plasma 67:83 Microstructural design of functionally graded coatings composed of suspension plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass. 24123895 5 59 theme residual 1018:1025 arg1 stresses 1027:1034 residual stresses 1018:1034 residual stresses 1018:1034 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 5 60 theme duplex 911:916 arg1 reactivity 893:902 the reactivity 889:902 the reactivity of the duplex 889:916 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 24123895 5 60 theme duplex 911:916 arg1 coatings 929:936 graded coatings 922:936 graded coatings 922:936 The SBF tests revealed that the presence of a pure glass layer on the working surface significantly improved the reactivity of the duplex and graded coatings, but the duplex coating suffered a relatively low scratch resistance because of residual stresses. 27987932 1 0 theme skeleton 273:280 arg1 by-products 283:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 4 1 theme 6S 634:635 arg1 sulfation 637:645 A higher 6S sulfation 625:645 A higher 6S sulfation 625:645 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 0 2 dep sulfated 110:117 arg1 6S 107:108 6S 107:108 6S 107:108 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 2 3 theme sugar 444:448 arg1 composition 450:460 sugar composition 444:460 sugar composition 444:460 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 4 4 theme higher 627:632 arg1 sulfation 637:645 A higher 6S sulfation 625:645 A higher 6S sulfation 625:645 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 6 5 theme chondroitin 1055:1065 arg1 sulfate 1067:1073 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate 1044:1073 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate 1044:1073 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 5 6 theme rare 861:864 arg1 species 866:872 a rare species 859:872 a rare species of shark 859:881 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 4 7 theme clavata 686:692 arg1 skeleton 694:701 R. clavata skeleton 683:701 R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) 683:726 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 0 8 theme valuable 74:81 arg1 source 83:88 A valuable source 72:88 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 0:138 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 5 9 with existence 776:784 arg1 ratio 820:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 6 10 theme 6-sulfated 1044:1053 arg1 sulfate 1067:1073 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate 1044:1073 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate 1044:1073 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 4 11 theme R. 683:684 arg1 skeleton 694:701 R. clavata skeleton 683:701 R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) 683:726 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 1 12 theme Prionace 231:238 arg1 head 248:251 head 248:251 head 248:251 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 12 theme Prionace 231:238 arg1 glauca 240:245 Prionace glauca 231:245 Prionace glauca (head) 231:252 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 13 theme fish 300:303 arg1 industry 316:323 fish processing industry 300:323 fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes 300:364 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 2 14 theme molecular 371:379 arg1 weight 381:386 The molecular weight 367:386 The molecular weight 367:386 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 6 15 theme extraction 929:938 arg1 yields 940:945 The good extraction yields 920:945 The good extraction yields achieved 920:954 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 2 16 theme permeation 410:419 arg1 chromatography 421:434 gel permeation chromatography 406:434 gel permeation chromatography 406:434 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 1 17 theme processing 305:314 arg1 industry 316:323 fish processing industry 300:323 fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes 300:364 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 6 18 theme industry 1004:1011 arg1 by-products 1013:1023 fish industry by-products 999:1023 fish industry by-products 999:1023 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 6 19 theme good 924:927 arg1 yields 940:945 The good extraction yields 920:945 The good extraction yields achieved 920:954 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 2 20 theme gel 406:408 arg1 chromatography 421:434 gel permeation chromatography 406:434 gel permeation chromatography 406:434 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 6 21 theme fish 999:1002 arg1 by-products 1013:1023 fish industry by-products 999:1023 fish industry by-products 999:1023 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 2 22 theme sulfation 466:474 arg1 position 476:483 sulfation position 466:483 sulfation position 466:483 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 5 23 theme 4S/6S 814:818 arg1 ratio 820:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 5 24 located observed 840:847 arg1 species 866:872 a rare species 859:872 a rare species of shark 859:881 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 5 24 located observed 840:847 arg2 existence 776:784 The existence 772:784 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio 772:824 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 4 25 theme 4S/6S 750:754 arg1 canicula 740:747 S. canicula 737:747 S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6) 737:769 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 4 25 theme 4S/6S 750:754 arg1 ratio 756:760 4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6 750:768 4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6 750:768 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 4 26 theme P. 664:665 arg1 head 674:677 head 674:677 head 674:677 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 5 27 theme CS 789:790 arg1 samples 792:798 CS samples 789:798 CS samples 789:798 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 0 28 theme canicula 28:35 arg1 By-products 0:10 By-products 0:10 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 0:138 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 0 29 theme sulfated 110:117 arg1 sulfate 131:137 predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate 93:137 predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate 93:137 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 5 30 theme low 810:812 arg1 ratio 820:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 5 31 theme shark 877:881 arg1 species 866:872 a rare species 859:872 a rare species of shark 859:881 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 0 32 theme Scyliorhinus 15:26 arg1 canicula 28:35 Scyliorhinus canicula 15:35 Scyliorhinus canicula 15:35 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 6 33 theme useful 1027:1032 arg1 source 1034:1039 a useful source 1025:1039 a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate 1025:1073 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 2 34 theme enzymatic 511:519 arg1 digestion 521:529 enzymatic digestion 511:529 enzymatic digestion 511:529 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 3 35 theme 4S/6S 598:602 arg1 ratio 604:608 4S/6S ratio 598:608 4S/6S ratio lower than 1 598:621 The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). 27987932 4 36 dep P. 664:665 arg1 glauca 667:672 glauca 667:672 glauca 667:672 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 1 37 theme Scyliorhinus 183:194 arg1 canicula 196:203 Scyliorhinus canicula 183:203 Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton) 183:228 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 0 38 theme Prionace 38:45 arg1 glauca 47:52 Prionace glauca 38:52 Prionace glauca 38:52 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 0 39 theme sulfate 131:137 arg1 source 83:88 A valuable source 72:88 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 0:138 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 1 40 theme environmentally 331:345 arg1 processes 356:364 environmentally friendly processes 331:364 environmentally friendly processes 331:364 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 3 41 theme 6S 559:560 arg1 sulfation 569:577 a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation 547:577 a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1) 547:622 The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). 27987932 0 42 theme chondroitin 119:129 arg1 sulfate 131:137 predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate 93:137 predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate 93:137 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 1 43 theme friendly 347:354 arg1 processes 356:364 environmentally friendly processes 331:364 environmentally friendly processes 331:364 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 3 44 theme GalNAc 562:567 arg1 sulfation 569:577 a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation 547:577 a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1) 547:622 The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). 27987932 5 45 dep observed 840:847 arg1 shark 912:916 globin shark 905:916 globin shark 905:916 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 5 45 dep observed 840:847 arg1 owatoni 896:902 owatoni 896:902 owatoni 896:902 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 4 46 dep 0.6 766:768 arg1 ca. 762:764 ca. 762:764 ca. 762:764 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 2 47 dep composition 450:460 arg1 the 440:442 the 440:442 the 440:442 The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. 27987932 4 48 theme S. 737:738 arg1 canicula 740:747 S. canicula 737:747 S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6) 737:769 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 4 48 theme S. 737:738 arg1 ratio 756:760 4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6 750:768 4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6 750:768 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 5 49 theme samples 792:798 arg1 existence 776:784 The existence 772:784 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio 772:824 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 0 50 theme glauca 47:52 arg1 By-products 0:10 By-products 0:10 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 0:138 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 1 51 theme Raja 259:262 arg1 by-products 283:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 3 52 theme prevalent 549:557 arg1 sulfation 569:577 a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation 547:577 a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1) 547:622 The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 sulfate 152:158 Chondroitin sulfate 140:158 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 140:163 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 glauca 240:245 Prionace glauca 231:245 Prionace glauca (head) 231:252 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 industry 316:323 fish processing industry 300:323 fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes 300:364 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 head 248:251 head 248:251 head 248:251 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 CS 161:162 CS 161:162 CS 161:162 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 canicula 196:203 Scyliorhinus canicula 183:203 Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton) 183:228 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 53 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 by-products 283:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 6 54 theme sulfate 1067:1073 arg1 source 1034:1039 a useful source 1025:1039 a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate 1025:1073 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 1 55 theme clavata 264:270 arg1 by-products 283:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products 259:293 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 5 56 theme globin 905:910 arg1 shark 912:916 globin shark 905:916 globin shark 905:916 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 5 56 theme globin 905:910 arg1 owatoni 896:902 owatoni 896:902 owatoni 896:902 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 1 57 dep canicula 196:203 arg1 head 211:214 head 211:214 head 211:214 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 57 dep canicula 196:203 arg1 fin 206:208 fin 206:208 fin 206:208 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 57 dep canicula 196:203 arg1 skeleton 220:227 skeleton 220:227 skeleton 220:227 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 5 58 theme such 805:808 arg1 ratio 820:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 such low 4S/6S ratio 805:824 The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). 27987932 3 59 dep species 589:595 arg1 ratio 604:608 4S/6S ratio 598:608 4S/6S ratio lower than 1 598:621 The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). 27987932 3 60 theme lower 610:614 arg1 ratio 604:608 4S/6S ratio 598:608 4S/6S ratio lower than 1 598:621 The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). 27987932 4 61 theme 4S/6S 704:708 arg1 ratio 710:714 4S/6S ratio 704:714 4S/6S ratio below 0.20 704:725 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 4 62 dep skeleton 694:701 arg1 ratio 710:714 4S/6S ratio 704:714 4S/6S ratio below 0.20 704:725 A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). 27987932 0 63 theme clavata 63:69 arg1 By-products 0:10 By-products 0:10 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 0:138 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 6 64 dep glauca 977:982 arg1 by-products 1013:1023 fish industry by-products 999:1023 fish industry by-products 999:1023 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 6 64 dep glauca 977:982 arg1 P. 974:975 P. 974:975 P. 974:975 The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 0 65 theme Raja 58:61 arg1 clavata 63:69 Raja clavata 58:69 Raja clavata 58:69 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 0 66 dep By-products 0:10 arg1 source 83:88 A valuable source 72:88 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 0:138 By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate. 27987932 1 67 theme Chondroitin 140:150 arg1 CS 161:162 CS 161:162 CS 161:162 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 27987932 1 67 theme Chondroitin 140:150 arg1 sulfate 152:158 Chondroitin sulfate 140:158 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 140:163 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. 26202344 10 0 theme gnotobiotic 1414:1424 arg1 mice 1426:1429 gnotobiotic mice 1414:1429 gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1414:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 7 1 theme mouse 1027:1031 arg1 groups 1033:1038 The gnotobiotic mouse groups 1011:1038 The gnotobiotic mouse groups 1011:1038 The gnotobiotic mouse groups fed LFD or HFD + OFS gained less body weight and body fat, and displayed an improved glucose tolerance compared with mice fed HFD. 26202344 1 2 from changes 182:188 arg1 microbiota 201:210 the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation 193:237 microbiota 201:210 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. 26202344 1 2 from changes 182:188 arg1 inflammation 226:237 the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation 193:237 inflammation 226:237 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. 26202344 6 3 theme glucose 992:998 arg1 tolerance 1000:1008 glucose tolerance 992:1008 glucose tolerance 992:1008 Conventional mice fed HFD or HFD + OFS did not differ in body weight gain and glucose tolerance. 26202344 4 4 theme human 536:540 arg1 microbiota 546:555 a simplified human gut microbiota 523:555 a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI) 523:633 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 2 5 theme bifidobacteria 369:382 arg1 number 348:353 the number 344:353 the number of intestinal bifidobacteria 344:382 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 9 6 theme inflammation 1269:1280 arg1 signs 1260:1264 no signs 1257:1264 no signs of inflammation or increased intestinal permeability 1257:1317 Mice fed HFD showed no signs of inflammation or increased intestinal permeability. 26202344 0 7 from Alleviation 0:10 arg1 mice 77:80 gnotobiotic mice 65:80 gnotobiotic mice 65:80 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 10 8 theme longum 1477:1482 arg1 presence 1462:1469 the presence 1458:1469 the presence of B. longum 1458:1482 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 6 9 theme Conventional 914:925 arg1 mice 927:930 Conventional mice 914:930 Conventional mice fed HFD or HFD + OFS 914:951 Conventional mice fed HFD or HFD + OFS did not differ in body weight gain and glucose tolerance. 26202344 7 10 theme body 1089:1092 arg1 fat 1094:1096 body fat 1089:1096 body fat 1089:1096 The gnotobiotic mouse groups fed LFD or HFD + OFS gained less body weight and body fat, and displayed an improved glucose tolerance compared with mice fed HFD. 26202344 7 11 theme gnotobiotic 1015:1025 arg1 groups 1033:1038 The gnotobiotic mouse groups 1011:1038 The gnotobiotic mouse groups 1011:1038 The gnotobiotic mouse groups fed LFD or HFD + OFS gained less body weight and body fat, and displayed an improved glucose tolerance compared with mice fed HFD. 26202344 7 12 theme improved 1116:1123 arg1 tolerance 1133:1141 an improved glucose tolerance 1113:1141 an improved glucose tolerance 1113:1141 The gnotobiotic mouse groups fed LFD or HFD + OFS gained less body weight and body fat, and displayed an improved glucose tolerance compared with mice fed HFD. 26202344 2 13 theme metabolic 303:311 arg1 disorders 313:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders 281:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice 281:329 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 9 14 theme increased 1285:1293 arg1 permeability 1306:1317 increased intestinal permeability 1285:1317 increased intestinal permeability 1285:1317 Mice fed HFD showed no signs of inflammation or increased intestinal permeability. 26202344 7 15 theme body 1073:1076 arg1 weight 1078:1083 body weight 1073:1083 body weight 1073:1083 The gnotobiotic mouse groups fed LFD or HFD + OFS gained less body weight and body fat, and displayed an improved glucose tolerance compared with mice fed HFD. 26202344 5 16 theme cell 837:840 arg1 numbers 842:848 bacterial cell numbers 827:848 bacterial cell numbers 827:848 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 10 17 theme oligofructose 1346:1358 arg1 ability 1335:1341 The ability 1331:1341 The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1331:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 10 17 theme oligofructose 1346:1358 arg1 independent 1443:1453 independent 1443:1453 independent 1443:1453 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 2 18 theme diet-induced 290:301 arg1 disorders 313:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders 281:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice 281:329 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 6 19 theme body 971:974 arg1 gain 983:986 body weight gain 971:986 body weight gain 971:986 Conventional mice fed HFD or HFD + OFS did not differ in body weight gain and glucose tolerance. 26202344 9 20 theme intestinal 1295:1304 arg1 permeability 1306:1317 increased intestinal permeability 1285:1317 increased intestinal permeability 1285:1317 Mice fed HFD showed no signs of inflammation or increased intestinal permeability. 26202344 0 21 theme presence 100:107 arg1 independent 85:95 independent 85:95 independent 85:95 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 5 22 theme bacterial 827:835 arg1 numbers 842:848 bacterial cell numbers 827:848 bacterial cell numbers 827:848 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 2 23 theme fat 286:288 arg1 disorders 313:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders 281:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice 281:329 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 6 24 theme weight 976:981 arg1 gain 983:986 body weight gain 971:986 body weight gain 971:986 Conventional mice fed HFD or HFD + OFS did not differ in body weight gain and glucose tolerance. 26202344 10 25 dep ability 1335:1341 arg1 improve 1385:1391 improve 1385:1391 to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1382:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 10 25 dep ability 1335:1341 arg1 reduce 1363:1368 reduce 1363:1368 to reduce obesity 1360:1376 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 4 26 theme low 688:690 arg1 LFD 702:704 LFD 702:704 LFD 702:704 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 26 theme low 688:690 arg1 diet 696:699 low fat diet 688:699 low fat diet (LFD) 688:705 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 27 theme bacterial 575:583 arg1 species 585:591 eight bacterial species 569:591 eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI) 569:633 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 28 theme fat 715:717 arg1 HFD 725:727 HFD 725:727 HFD 725:727 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 28 theme fat 715:717 arg1 diet 719:722 a high fat diet 708:722 a high fat diet (HFD) 708:728 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 0 29 theme fat 20:22 arg1 obesity 37:43 high fat diet-induced obesity 15:43 high fat diet-induced obesity 15:43 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 0 30 theme longum 128:133 arg1 presence 100:107 presence 100:107 presence of Bifidobacterium longum 100:133 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 7 31 theme glucose 1125:1131 arg1 tolerance 1133:1141 an improved glucose tolerance 1113:1141 an improved glucose tolerance 1113:1141 The gnotobiotic mouse groups fed LFD or HFD + OFS gained less body weight and body fat, and displayed an improved glucose tolerance compared with mice fed HFD. 26202344 1 32 theme gut 197:199 arg1 microbiota 201:210 the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation 193:237 microbiota 201:210 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. 26202344 0 33 theme high 15:18 arg1 obesity 37:43 high fat diet-induced obesity 15:43 high fat diet-induced obesity 15:43 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 5 34 theme gut 896:898 arg1 permeability 900:911 gut permeability 896:911 gut permeability 896:911 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 5 35 theme inflammation 878:889 arg1 numbers 842:848 bacterial cell numbers 827:848 bacterial cell numbers 827:848 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 5 35 theme inflammation 878:889 arg1 metabolites 854:864 metabolites 854:864 metabolites 854:864 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 5 35 theme inflammation 878:889 arg1 permeability 900:911 gut permeability 896:911 gut permeability 896:911 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 5 35 theme inflammation 878:889 arg1 composition 814:824 body composition 809:824 body composition 809:824 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 5 35 theme inflammation 878:889 arg1 markers 867:873 markers 867:873 markers of inflammation 867:889 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 5 36 theme body 809:812 arg1 composition 814:824 body composition 809:824 body composition 809:824 We assessed body composition, bacterial cell numbers and metabolites, markers of inflammation, and gut permeability. 26202344 0 37 theme obesity 37:43 arg1 Alleviation 0:10 Alleviation 0:10 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice 0:80 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 4 38 theme conventional 468:479 arg1 mice 481:484 conventional mice 468:484 conventional mice 468:484 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 0 39 theme diet-induced 24:35 arg1 obesity 37:43 high fat diet-induced obesity 15:43 high fat diet-induced obesity 15:43 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 4 40 theme germfree 487:494 arg1 mice 496:499 germfree mice 487:499 germfree mice 487:499 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 10 41 theme presence 1462:1469 arg1 ability 1335:1341 The ability 1331:1341 The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1331:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 10 41 theme presence 1462:1469 arg1 independent 1443:1453 independent 1443:1453 independent 1443:1453 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 1 42 theme low-grade 216:224 arg1 inflammation 226:237 the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation 193:237 inflammation 226:237 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. 26202344 10 43 dep CONCLUSION 1320:1329 arg1 ability 1335:1341 The ability 1331:1341 The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1331:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 10 43 dep CONCLUSION 1320:1329 arg1 independent 1443:1453 independent 1443:1453 independent 1443:1453 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 4 44 theme gut 542:544 arg1 microbiota 546:555 a simplified human gut microbiota 523:555 a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI) 523:633 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 8 45 theme longum 1229:1234 arg1 presence 1214:1221 the presence 1210:1221 the presence of B. longum 1210:1234 These differences were not affected by the presence of B. longum. 26202344 2 46 theme intestinal 358:367 arg1 bifidobacteria 369:382 intestinal bifidobacteria 358:382 intestinal bifidobacteria 358:382 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 4 47 theme simplified 525:534 arg1 microbiota 546:555 a simplified human gut microbiota 523:555 a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI) 523:633 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 10 48 theme glucose 1393:1399 arg1 tolerance 1401:1409 glucose tolerance 1393:1409 glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1393:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 2 49 theme high 281:284 arg1 disorders 313:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders 281:321 high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice 281:329 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 4 50 theme high 710:713 arg1 HFD 725:727 HFD 725:727 HFD 725:727 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 50 theme high 710:713 arg1 diet 719:722 a high fat diet 708:722 a high fat diet (HFD) 708:728 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 1 51 theme SCOPE 136:140 arg1 obesity 155:161 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity 136:161 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity 136:161 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. 26202344 2 52 from disorders 313:321 arg1 mice 326:329 mice 326:329 mice 326:329 Oligofructose was reported to ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by restoring the number of intestinal bifidobacteria. 26202344 0 53 theme gnotobiotic 65:75 arg1 mice 77:80 gnotobiotic mice 65:80 gnotobiotic mice 65:80 Alleviation of high fat diet-induced obesity by oligofructose in gnotobiotic mice is independent of presence of Bifidobacterium longum. 26202344 4 54 dep oligofructose 755:767 arg1 OFS 776:778 OFS 776:778 OFS 776:778 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 54 dep oligofructose 755:767 arg1 HFD 770:772 HFD 770:772 HFD 770:772 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 55 theme % 753:753 arg1 oligofructose 755:767 10% oligofructose 751:767 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) 751:779 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 1 56 theme Diet-induced 142:153 arg1 obesity 155:161 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity 136:161 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity 136:161 SCOPE Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation. 26202344 9 57 theme permeability 1306:1317 arg1 signs 1260:1264 no signs 1257:1264 no signs of inflammation or increased intestinal permeability 1257:1317 Mice fed HFD showed no signs of inflammation or increased intestinal permeability. 26202344 10 58 from tolerance 1401:1409 arg1 mice 1426:1429 gnotobiotic mice 1414:1429 gnotobiotic mice fed HFD 1414:1437 CONCLUSION The ability of oligofructose to reduce obesity and to improve glucose tolerance in gnotobiotic mice fed HFD was independent of the presence of B. longum. 26202344 4 59 theme 10 751:752 arg1 % 753:753 % 753:753 % 753:753 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 60 theme fat 692:694 arg1 LFD 702:704 LFD 702:704 LFD 702:704 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 60 theme fat 692:694 arg1 diet 696:699 low fat diet 688:699 low fat diet (LFD) 688:705 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 61 dep METHODS 441:447 arg1 fed 464:466 fed 464:466 fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks 464:794 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 62 contain containing 740:749 arg1 LFD 702:704 LFD 702:704 LFD 702:704 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 62 contain containing 740:749 arg1 diet 696:699 low fat diet 688:699 low fat diet (LFD) 688:705 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26202344 4 62 contain containing 740:749 arg2 oligofructose 755:767 10% oligofructose 751:767 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) 751:779 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed conventional mice, germfree mice, mice associated with a simplified human gut microbiota composed of eight bacterial species including Bifidobacterium longum (SIHUMI), and mice associated with SIHUMI without B. longum a low fat diet (LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD containing 10% oligofructose (HFD + OFS) for five weeks. 26258697 0 0 theme brown 69:73 arg1 rice 75:78 brown rice 69:78 brown rice 69:78 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 5 1 theme external 975:982 arg1 validation 984:993 the external validation 971:993 the external validation of these calibration models 971:1021 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 3 2 dep compositions 674:685 arg1 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 2 dep compositions 674:685 arg1 content 732:738 fiber content 726:738 fiber content 726:738 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 2 dep compositions 674:685 arg1 oil 703:705 crude oil 697:705 crude oil 697:705 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 2 dep compositions 674:685 arg1 compositions 674:685 proximate compositions 664:685 proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 664:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 2 dep compositions 674:685 arg1 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 2 dep compositions 674:685 arg1 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 3 theme escalating 130:139 arg1 persuasion 141:150 the escalating persuasion 126:150 the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 126:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 4 theme high 293:296 arg1 screening 309:317 high throughput screening 293:317 high throughput screening in rice breeding programme 293:344 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 3 5 theme brown 463:467 arg1 samples 489:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples 459:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values 459:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 6 with tool 284:287 arg1 components 229:238 nutritional components 217:238 nutritional components of rice bran (RB) 217:256 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 6 with tool 284:287 arg1 persuasion 141:150 the escalating persuasion 126:150 the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 126:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 7 theme rice 243:246 arg1 RB 254:255 RB 254:255 RB 254:255 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 7 theme rice 243:246 arg1 bran 248:251 rice bran 243:251 rice bran (RB) 243:256 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 8 theme throughput 298:307 arg1 screening 309:317 high throughput screening 293:317 high throughput screening in rice breeding programme 293:344 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 6 9 theme calibration 1051:1061 arg1 accuracy 1029:1036 High accuracy 1024:1036 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models 1024:1083 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 1 10 theme bran 248:251 arg1 components 229:238 nutritional components 217:238 nutritional components of rice bran (RB) 217:256 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 10 theme bran 248:251 arg1 persuasion 141:150 the escalating persuasion 126:150 the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 126:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 0 11 theme rice 75:78 arg1 content 58:64 protein and amylose content 38:64 content 58:64 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 3 12 theme amylose 633:639 arg1 AC 650:651 AC 650:651 AC 650:651 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 12 theme amylose 633:639 arg1 content 641:647 amylose content 633:647 amylose content (AC) 633:652 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 0 13 theme compositions 94:105 arg1 content 58:64 protein and amylose content 38:64 content 58:64 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 0 14 theme proximate 84:92 arg1 compositions 94:105 proximate compositions 84:105 proximate compositions of rice bran 84:118 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 1 15 theme rice 322:325 arg1 programme 336:344 rice breeding programme 322:344 rice breeding programme 322:344 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 6 16 theme regression 1133:1142 arg1 analysis 1144:1151 pair t-test and correlation regression analysis 1105:1151 analysis 1144:1151 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 3 17 with samples 489:495 arg1 range 509:513 a wide range 502:513 a wide range of values 502:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 18 theme economic 155:162 arg1 importance 180:189 economic and nutritional importance 155:189 economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 155:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 2 19 theme grain 411:415 arg1 parameters 425:434 grain quality parameters 411:434 grain quality parameters 411:434 Optimization of NIRS is prerequisite for accurate prediction of grain quality parameters. 26258697 1 20 theme breeding 327:334 arg1 programme 336:344 rice breeding programme 322:344 rice breeding programme 322:344 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 6 21 theme correlation 1121:1131 arg1 analysis 1144:1151 pair t-test and correlation regression analysis 1105:1151 analysis 1144:1151 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 6 22 theme pair 1105:1108 arg1 t-test 1110:1115 pair t-test and correlation regression analysis 1105:1151 t-test 1110:1115 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 3 23 theme grain 609:613 arg1 GPC 624:626 GPC 624:626 GPC 624:626 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 23 theme grain 609:613 arg1 protein 615:621 grain protein 609:621 grain protein (GPC) 609:627 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 24 theme different 582:590 arg1 chemometrics 592:603 different chemometrics 582:603 different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR 582:658 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 6 25 theme High 1024:1027 arg1 accuracy 1029:1036 High accuracy 1024:1036 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models 1024:1083 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 1 26 theme nutritional 168:178 arg1 importance 180:189 economic and nutritional importance 155:189 economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 155:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 0 27 theme models 20:25 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 0:119 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 6 28 theme prediction 1067:1076 arg1 models 1078:1083 all these calibration and prediction models 1041:1083 models 1078:1083 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 0 29 theme rice 110:113 arg1 bran 115:118 rice bran 110:118 rice bran 110:118 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 3 30 theme RB 486:487 arg1 samples 489:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples 459:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values 459:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 31 theme importance 180:189 arg1 components 229:238 nutritional components 217:238 nutritional components of rice bran (RB) 217:256 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 31 theme importance 180:189 arg1 persuasion 141:150 the escalating persuasion 126:150 the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 126:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 0 32 theme NIRS 15:18 arg1 models 20:25 NIRS models 15:25 NIRS models 15:25 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 4 33 theme square 779:784 arg1 models 794:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models 748:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments 748:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 3 34 theme rice 469:472 arg1 samples 489:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples 459:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values 459:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 5 35 theme breeding 934:941 arg1 programme 943:951 the breeding programme 930:951 the breeding programme 930:951 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 6 36 theme predicted 1175:1183 arg1 values 1185:1190 predicted values 1175:1190 predicted values 1175:1190 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 1 37 theme rice 194:197 arg1 protein 205:211 rice grain protein 194:211 rice grain protein 194:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 3 38 theme proximate 664:672 arg1 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 38 theme proximate 664:672 arg1 content 732:738 fiber content 726:738 fiber content 726:738 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 38 theme proximate 664:672 arg1 oil 703:705 crude oil 697:705 crude oil 697:705 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 38 theme proximate 664:672 arg1 compositions 674:685 proximate compositions 664:685 proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 664:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 38 theme proximate 664:672 arg1 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 38 theme proximate 664:672 arg1 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 0 39 theme bran 115:118 arg1 rice 75:78 brown rice 69:78 brown rice 69:78 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 0 39 theme bran 115:118 arg1 compositions 94:105 proximate compositions 84:105 proximate compositions of rice bran 84:118 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 1 40 from screening 309:317 arg1 programme 336:344 rice breeding programme 322:344 rice breeding programme 322:344 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 41 theme grain 199:203 arg1 protein 205:211 rice grain protein 194:211 rice grain protein 194:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 2 42 theme parameters 425:434 arg1 prediction 397:406 accurate prediction 388:406 accurate prediction of grain quality parameters 388:434 Optimization of NIRS is prerequisite for accurate prediction of grain quality parameters. 26258697 5 43 theme models 1016:1021 arg1 validation 984:993 the external validation 971:993 the external validation of these calibration models 971:1021 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 4 44 theme modified 756:763 arg1 models 794:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models 748:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments 748:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 3 45 theme calibration 550:560 arg1 models 562:567 the calibration models 546:567 the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 546:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 46 theme wide 504:507 arg1 range 509:513 a wide range 502:513 a wide range of values 502:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 0 47 theme protein 38:44 arg1 content 58:64 protein and amylose content 38:64 content 58:64 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 content 732:738 fiber content 726:738 fiber content 726:738 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 oil 703:705 crude oil 697:705 crude oil 697:705 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 compositions 674:685 proximate compositions 664:685 proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 664:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 chemometrics 592:603 different chemometrics 582:603 different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR 582:658 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 48 theme BR 657:658 arg1 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 4 49 theme Various 748:754 arg1 models 794:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models 748:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments 748:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 2 50 theme quality 417:423 arg1 parameters 425:434 grain quality parameters 411:434 grain quality parameters 411:434 Optimization of NIRS is prerequisite for accurate prediction of grain quality parameters. 26258697 4 51 theme best 824:827 arg1 treatments 842:851 the best mathematical treatments 820:851 the best mathematical treatments 820:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 3 52 theme fiber 726:730 arg1 content 732:738 fiber content 726:738 fiber content 726:738 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 52 theme fiber 726:730 arg1 compositions 674:685 proximate compositions 664:685 proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 664:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 53 theme effective 274:282 arg1 tool 284:287 an effective tool 271:287 an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme 271:344 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 1 53 theme effective 274:282 arg1 NIRS 259:262 NIRS 259:262 NIRS 259:262 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 4 54 theme least 773:777 arg1 mPLSs 787:791 mPLSs 787:791 mPLSs 787:791 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 4 54 theme least 773:777 arg1 square 779:784 least square 773:784 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments 748:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 5 55 theme genotypes 907:915 arg1 set 897:899 Another set 889:899 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme 889:951 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 5 55 theme genotypes 907:915 arg1 genotypes 907:915 29 genotypes 904:915 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme 904:951 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 5 56 attach derived 917:923 arg1 programme 943:951 the breeding programme 930:951 the breeding programme 930:951 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 5 56 attach derived 917:923 arg2 genotypes 907:915 29 genotypes 904:915 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme 904:951 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 3 57 theme values 518:523 arg1 range 509:513 a wide range 502:513 a wide range of values 502:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 58 theme protein 205:211 arg1 importance 180:189 economic and nutritional importance 155:189 economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein 155:211 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 4 59 theme partial 765:771 arg1 models 794:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models 748:799 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments 748:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 6 60 theme models 1078:1083 arg1 accuracy 1029:1036 High accuracy 1024:1036 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models 1024:1083 High accuracy of all these calibration and prediction models was ensured through pair t-test and correlation regression analysis between reference and predicted values. 26258697 3 61 theme present 444:450 arg1 study 452:456 the present study 440:456 the present study 440:456 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 62 theme crude 697:701 arg1 oil 703:705 crude oil 697:705 crude oil 697:705 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 62 theme crude 697:701 arg1 compositions 674:685 proximate compositions 664:685 proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 664:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 4 63 theme mathematical 829:840 arg1 treatments 842:851 the best mathematical treatments 820:851 the best mathematical treatments 820:851 Various modified partial least square (mPLSs) models corresponding with the best mathematical treatments were identified for all components. 26258697 2 64 theme NIRS 363:366 arg1 Optimization 347:358 Optimization 347:358 Optimization of NIRS 347:366 Optimization of NIRS is prerequisite for accurate prediction of grain quality parameters. 26258697 5 65 theme calibration 1004:1014 arg1 models 1016:1021 these calibration models 998:1021 these calibration models 998:1021 Another set of 29 genotypes derived from the breeding programme were employed for the external validation of these calibration models. 26258697 2 66 theme accurate 388:395 arg1 prediction 397:406 accurate prediction 388:406 accurate prediction of grain quality parameters 388:434 Optimization of NIRS is prerequisite for accurate prediction of grain quality parameters. 26258697 3 67 used used 530:533 arg2 samples 489:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples 459:495 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values 459:523 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 1 68 theme nutritional 217:227 arg1 components 229:238 nutritional components 217:238 nutritional components of rice bran (RB) 217:256 With the escalating persuasion of economic and nutritional importance of rice grain protein and nutritional components of rice bran (RB), NIRS can be an effective tool for high throughput screening in rice breeding programme. 26258697 0 69 theme amylose 50:56 arg1 content 58:64 protein and amylose content 38:64 content 58:64 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 0 70 dep Development 0:10 arg1 predict 30:36 predict 30:36 to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran 27:118 Development of NIRS models to predict protein and amylose content of brown rice and proximate compositions of rice bran. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 ash 718:720 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 content 732:738 fiber content 726:738 fiber content 726:738 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 oil 703:705 crude oil 697:705 crude oil 697:705 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 compositions 674:685 proximate compositions 664:685 proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB 664:745 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 moisture 708:715 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 chemometrics 592:603 different chemometrics 582:603 different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR 582:658 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 26258697 3 71 theme RB 744:745 arg1 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 protein 688:694 In the present study, 173 brown rice (BR) and 86 RB samples with a wide range of values were used to compare the calibration models generated by different chemometrics for grain protein (GPC) and amylose content (AC) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB. 28718847 2 0 theme liquid 363:368 arg1 % 394:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 6 1 theme glucose 967:973 arg1 yield 975:979 glucose yield 967:979 glucose yield 967:979 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 2 2 theme ionic 357:361 arg1 % 394:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 2 3 from effect 330:335 arg1 outcome 491:497 the pretreatment outcome 474:497 the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow 474:520 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 0 4 theme ionoSolv 86:93 arg1 pretreatment 95:106 ionoSolv pretreatment 86:106 ionoSolv pretreatment 86:106 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin isolated from Salix using ionoSolv pretreatment. 28718847 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 lignin 53:58 lignin 53:58 lignin 53:58 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin isolated from Salix using ionoSolv pretreatment. 28718847 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 cellulose 39:47 cellulose 39:47 cellulose 39:47 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin isolated from Salix using ionoSolv pretreatment. 28718847 4 6 theme willow 834:839 arg1 biomass 841:847 untreated willow biomass 824:847 untreated willow biomass 824:847 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 4 7 theme pulp 716:719 arg1 hydrolysis 698:707 enzymatic hydrolysis 688:707 enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass 688:847 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 4 8 theme enzymatic 688:696 arg1 hydrolysis 698:707 enzymatic hydrolysis 688:707 enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass 688:847 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 4 9 theme untreated 824:832 arg1 biomass 841:847 untreated willow biomass 824:847 untreated willow biomass 824:847 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 6 10 theme solution 1063:1070 arg1 pretreatment 1089:1100 pretreatment 1089:1100 pretreatment 1089:1100 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 6 10 theme solution 1063:1070 arg1 temperature 1073:1083 temperature 1073:1083 temperature 1073:1083 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 6 10 theme solution 1063:1070 arg1 acidity 1035:1041 the acidity 1031:1041 the acidity of the ionic liquid solution 1031:1070 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 6 11 theme pulp 946:949 arg1 composition 951:961 pulp composition 946:961 pulp composition 946:961 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 7 12 theme NMR 1155:1157 arg1 spectroscopy 1159:1170 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy 1146:1170 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy 1146:1170 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 4 13 theme enzymatic 787:795 arg1 yields 805:810 enzymatic glucose yields 787:810 enzymatic glucose yields 787:810 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 1 14 theme protic 164:169 arg1 liquids 186:192 protic low-cost ionic liquids 164:192 protic low-cost ionic liquids 164:192 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 5 15 with pulp 893:896 arg1 hemicellulose 908:920 high hemicellulose 903:920 high hemicellulose 903:920 The pretreatment produced a cellulose-rich pulp with high hemicellulose and lignin removal. 28718847 5 15 with pulp 893:896 arg1 removal 933:939 lignin removal 926:939 lignin removal 926:939 The pretreatment produced a cellulose-rich pulp with high hemicellulose and lignin removal. 28718847 7 16 theme HSQC 1150:1153 arg1 spectroscopy 1159:1170 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy 1146:1170 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy 1146:1170 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 8 17 from weight 1352:1357 arg1 terms 1294:1298 terms 1294:1298 terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio 1294:1335 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 1 18 theme low-cost 171:178 arg1 liquids 186:192 protic low-cost ionic liquids 164:192 protic low-cost ionic liquids 164:192 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 7 19 theme 2-D 1146:1148 arg1 spectroscopy 1159:1170 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy 1146:1170 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy 1146:1170 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 2 20 dep using 340:344 arg1 0.98 442:445 0.98 442:445 0.98 442:445 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 2 20 dep using 340:344 arg1 1.02 433:436 1.02 433:436 1.02 433:436 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 2 21 theme [HSO4 386:390 arg1 % 394:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 7 22 theme pretreatment 1246:1257 arg1 severity 1259:1266 the pretreatment severity 1242:1266 the pretreatment severity 1242:1266 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 8 23 theme inter-unit 1303:1312 arg1 linkages 1314:1321 inter-unit linkages 1303:1321 inter-unit linkages 1303:1321 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 4 24 theme glucose 797:803 arg1 yields 805:810 enzymatic glucose yields 787:810 enzymatic glucose yields 787:810 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 3 25 theme ionic 527:531 arg1 able 553:556 able 553:556 able 553:556 The ionic liquid solution was able to fractionate willow, and a pulp and lignin fraction were recovered after treatment. 28718847 3 25 theme ionic 527:531 arg1 solution 540:547 The ionic liquid solution 523:547 The ionic liquid solution 523:547 The ionic liquid solution was able to fractionate willow, and a pulp and lignin fraction were recovered after treatment. 28718847 0 26 theme severity 23:30 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin 0:58 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin isolated from Salix using ionoSolv pretreatment. 28718847 8 27 theme pretreatment 1397:1408 arg1 conditions 1410:1419 the pretreatment conditions 1393:1419 the pretreatment conditions used 1393:1424 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 2 28 theme hardwood 506:513 arg1 willow 515:520 the hardwood willow 502:520 the hardwood willow 502:520 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 8 29 from structure 1280:1288 arg1 terms 1294:1298 terms 1294:1298 terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio 1294:1335 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 2 30 theme different 405:413 arg1 ratios 425:430 two different acid/base ratios 401:430 two different acid/base ratios 401:430 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 2 31 theme acid/base 415:423 arg1 ratios 425:430 two different acid/base ratios 401:430 two different acid/base ratios 401:430 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 5 32 theme high 903:906 arg1 hemicellulose 908:920 high hemicellulose 903:920 high hemicellulose 903:920 The pretreatment produced a cellulose-rich pulp with high hemicellulose and lignin removal. 28718847 6 33 theme liquid 1056:1061 arg1 solution 1063:1070 the ionic liquid solution 1046:1070 the ionic liquid solution 1046:1070 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 6 34 dep acidity 1035:1041 arg1 time 1102:1105 time 1102:1105 time 1102:1105 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 8 35 theme linkages 1314:1321 arg1 terms 1294:1298 terms 1294:1298 terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio 1294:1335 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 4 36 theme pretreatment 648:659 arg1 success 661:667 The pretreatment success 644:667 The pretreatment success 644:667 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 6 37 theme ionic 1050:1054 arg1 solution 1063:1070 the ionic liquid solution 1046:1070 the ionic liquid solution 1046:1070 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 0 38 dep cellulose 39:47 arg1 the 35:37 the 35:37 the 35:37 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin isolated from Salix using ionoSolv pretreatment. 28718847 2 39 theme pretreatment 478:489 arg1 outcome 491:497 the pretreatment outcome 474:497 the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow 474:520 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 8 40 theme ratio 1331:1335 arg1 terms 1294:1298 terms 1294:1298 terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio 1294:1335 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 3 41 theme liquid 533:538 arg1 able 553:556 able 553:556 able 553:556 The ionic liquid solution was able to fractionate willow, and a pulp and lignin fraction were recovered after treatment. 28718847 3 41 theme liquid 533:538 arg1 solution 540:547 The ionic liquid solution 523:547 The ionic liquid solution 523:547 The ionic liquid solution was able to fractionate willow, and a pulp and lignin fraction were recovered after treatment. 28718847 8 42 theme S/G 1327:1329 arg1 ratio 1331:1335 S/G ratio 1327:1335 S/G ratio 1327:1335 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 2 43 theme protic 350:355 arg1 % 394:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 7 44 theme extracted 1112:1120 arg1 lignin 1122:1127 The extracted lignin 1108:1127 The extracted lignin 1108:1127 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 1 45 dep low-cost 171:178 arg1 ionic 180:184 ionic 180:184 ionic 180:184 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 1 46 theme ionoSolv 113:120 arg1 pretreatment 122:133 The ionoSolv pretreatment 109:133 The ionoSolv pretreatment 109:133 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 1 46 theme ionoSolv 113:120 arg1 technique 144:152 a new technique 138:152 a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids 138:192 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 8 47 theme molecular 1342:1350 arg1 weight 1352:1357 molecular weight 1342:1357 molecular weight 1342:1357 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 5 48 theme cellulose-rich 878:891 arg1 pulp 893:896 a cellulose-rich pulp 876:896 a cellulose-rich pulp with high hemicellulose and lignin removal 876:939 The pretreatment produced a cellulose-rich pulp with high hemicellulose and lignin removal. 28718847 2 49 theme willow 515:520 arg1 outcome 491:497 the pretreatment outcome 474:497 the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow 474:520 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 28718847 3 50 theme lignin 596:601 arg1 fraction 603:610 lignin fraction 596:610 lignin fraction 596:610 The ionic liquid solution was able to fractionate willow, and a pulp and lignin fraction were recovered after treatment. 28718847 5 51 theme lignin 926:931 arg1 removal 933:939 lignin removal 926:939 lignin removal 926:939 The pretreatment produced a cellulose-rich pulp with high hemicellulose and lignin removal. 28718847 1 52 theme new 140:142 arg1 pretreatment 122:133 The ionoSolv pretreatment 109:133 The ionoSolv pretreatment 109:133 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 1 52 theme new 140:142 arg1 technique 144:152 a new technique 138:152 a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids 138:192 The ionoSolv pretreatment is a new technique employing protic low-cost ionic liquids and has previously been applied to successfully fractionate switchgrass and the grass Miscanthus giganteus. 28718847 8 53 theme lignin 1273:1278 arg1 structure 1280:1288 The lignin structure 1269:1288 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) 1269:1336 The lignin structure (in terms of inter-unit linkages and S/G ratio) and molecular weight varied significantly depending on the pretreatment conditions used. 28718847 7 54 from changes 1199:1205 arg1 structure 1221:1229 the lignin structure 1210:1229 the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity 1210:1266 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 4 55 theme ionoSolv 744:751 arg1 able 770:773 able 770:773 able 770:773 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 4 55 theme ionoSolv 744:751 arg1 pretreatment 753:764 the ionoSolv pretreatment 740:764 the ionoSolv pretreatment 740:764 The pretreatment success was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp, which showed that the ionoSolv pretreatment was able to increase enzymatic glucose yields compared to untreated willow biomass. 28718847 7 56 theme lignin 1214:1219 arg1 structure 1221:1229 the lignin structure 1210:1229 the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity 1210:1266 The extracted lignin was analysed via 2-D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and GPC to investigate the changes in the lignin structure induced by the pretreatment severity. 28718847 6 57 dep composition 951:961 arg1 The 942:944 The 942:944 The 942:944 The pulp composition and glucose yield after saccharification were greatly influenced by the acidity of the ionic liquid solution, temperature and pretreatment time. 28718847 0 58 theme pretreatment 10:21 arg1 severity 23:30 pretreatment severity 10:30 pretreatment severity 10:30 Effect of pretreatment severity on the cellulose and lignin isolated from Salix using ionoSolv pretreatment. 28718847 2 59 theme solution 370:377 arg1 % 394:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% 346:394 This study investigates the effect of using the protic ionic liquid solution [N2220][HSO4]80% with two different acid/base ratios (1.02 and 0.98) at 120, 150 and 170 °C on the pretreatment outcome of the hardwood willow. 27009436 8 0 theme unmodified 1068:1077 arg1 coatings 1088:1095 unmodified chitosan coatings 1068:1095 unmodified chitosan coatings 1068:1095 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 8 1 theme lower 1038:1042 arg1 rates 1057:1061 lower delamination rates 1038:1061 lower delamination rates 1038:1061 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 10 2 contain contain 1331:1337 arg1 coatings 1302:1309 the coatings 1298:1309 the coatings 1298:1309 Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport. 27009436 10 2 contain contain 1331:1337 arg2 water 1339:1343 water 1339:1343 water 1339:1343 Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport. 27009436 10 2 contain contain 1331:1337 arg1 hydrophobic 1315:1325 hydrophobic 1315:1325 hydrophobic 1315:1325 Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport. 27009436 8 3 theme hybrid 1005:1010 arg1 samples 1023:1029 chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples 984:1029 chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples 984:1029 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 2 4 theme pretreatment 358:369 arg1 step 371:374 a pretreatment step 356:374 a pretreatment step 356:374 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 5 5 theme 50-70 nm 602:609 arg1 thickness 589:597 thickness 589:597 thickness of 50-70 nm 589:609 On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. 27009436 8 6 theme chitosan 1079:1086 arg1 coatings 1088:1095 unmodified chitosan coatings 1068:1095 unmodified chitosan coatings 1068:1095 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 10 7 theme down 1356:1359 arg1 delamination 1370:1381 down cathodic delamination 1356:1381 down cathodic delamination 1356:1381 Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport. 27009436 9 8 theme impedance 1127:1135 arg1 spectroscopy 1137:1148 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1111:1148 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1111:1148 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 7 9 theme polymer 893:899 arg1 coating 901:907 the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 884:932 the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 884:932 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 9 10 theme Electrochemical 1111:1125 arg1 spectroscopy 1137:1148 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1111:1148 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1111:1148 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 8 11 theme pure 1101:1104 arg1 PVB 1106:1108 pure PVB 1101:1108 pure PVB 1101:1108 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 8 12 theme pretreated 1012:1021 arg1 samples 1023:1029 chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples 984:1029 chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples 984:1029 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 1 13 theme Biopolymer-based 87:102 arg1 systems 104:110 Biopolymer-based systems 87:110 Biopolymer-based systems 87:110 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 1 13 theme Biopolymer-based 87:102 arg1 alternatives 145:156 green alternatives 139:156 green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g. 139:195 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 7 14 theme coating 901:907 arg1 delamination 868:879 cathodic delamination 859:879 cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 859:932 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 3 15 theme systems 432:438 arg1 preparation 385:395 the preparation 381:395 the preparation of the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems 381:438 For the preparation of the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems, a sol-gel procedure was applied. 27009436 5 16 theme thin 573:576 arg1 films 578:582 homogeneous thin films 561:582 homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm 561:609 On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. 27009436 2 17 theme protective 304:313 arg1 system 315:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 2 17 theme protective 304:313 arg1 films 251:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 0 18 theme chitosan-epoxysilane 11:30 arg1 hybrid 32:37 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid 0:37 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid 0:37 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreatments for corrosion protection of zinc. 27009436 4 19 theme silane 494:499 arg1 function 478:485 The function 474:485 The function of the silane 474:499 The function of the silane is to ensure adhesion to the substrate. 27009436 7 20 theme Kelvin 961:966 arg1 probe 968:972 scanning Kelvin probe 952:972 scanning Kelvin probe 952:972 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 21 theme weak 888:891 arg1 coating 901:907 the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 884:932 the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 884:932 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 1 22 theme corrosion 201:209 arg1 protection 211:220 corrosion protection 201:220 corrosion protection 201:220 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 0 23 theme Waterborne 0:9 arg1 hybrid 32:37 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid 0:37 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid 0:37 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreatments for corrosion protection of zinc. 27009436 8 24 theme chitosan-epoxysilane 984:1003 arg1 samples 1023:1029 chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples 984:1029 chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples 984:1029 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 6 25 theme infrared 703:710 arg1 spectroscopy 712:723 infrared spectroscopy 703:723 infrared spectroscopy 703:723 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 27009436 3 26 theme sol-gel 443:449 arg1 procedure 451:459 a sol-gel procedure 441:459 a sol-gel procedure 441:459 For the preparation of the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems, a sol-gel procedure was applied. 27009436 8 27 theme delamination 1044:1055 arg1 rates 1057:1061 lower delamination rates 1038:1061 lower delamination rates 1038:1061 Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. 27009436 9 28 theme reduced 1162:1168 arg1 uptake 1197:1202 a reduced ion permeability and water uptake 1160:1202 a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films 1160:1232 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 10 29 theme ion 1395:1397 arg1 transport 1399:1407 ion transport 1395:1407 ion transport 1395:1407 Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport. 27009436 9 30 theme permeability 1174:1185 arg1 uptake 1197:1202 a reduced ion permeability and water uptake 1160:1202 a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films 1160:1232 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 9 31 theme ion 1170:1172 arg1 permeability 1174:1185 ion permeability 1170:1185 ion permeability 1170:1185 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 7 32 theme scanning 952:959 arg1 probe 968:972 scanning Kelvin probe 952:972 scanning Kelvin probe 952:972 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 0 33 theme corrosion 57:65 arg1 protection 67:76 corrosion protection 57:76 corrosion protection of zinc 57:84 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreatments for corrosion protection of zinc. 27009436 5 34 with films 578:582 arg1 thickness 589:597 thickness 589:597 thickness of 50-70 nm 589:609 On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. 27009436 7 35 theme cathodic 859:866 arg1 delamination 868:879 cathodic delamination 859:879 cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 859:932 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 36 theme linear 810:815 arg1 experiments 797:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 36 theme linear 810:815 arg1 resistance 830:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 5 37 theme zinc 544:547 arg1 substrates 549:558 zinc substrates 544:558 zinc substrates 544:558 On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. 27009436 9 38 theme nonmodified 1256:1266 arg1 coating 1277:1283 a nonmodified chitosan coating 1254:1283 a nonmodified chitosan coating 1254:1283 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 3 39 theme chitosan-epoxysilane 404:423 arg1 systems 432:438 the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems 400:438 the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems 400:438 For the preparation of the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems, a sol-gel procedure was applied. 27009436 7 40 theme polarization 817:828 arg1 experiments 797:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 40 theme polarization 817:828 arg1 resistance 830:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 10 41 theme cathodic 1361:1368 arg1 delamination 1370:1381 down cathodic delamination 1356:1381 down cathodic delamination 1356:1381 Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport. 27009436 9 42 theme water 1191:1195 arg1 uptake 1197:1202 a reduced ion permeability and water uptake 1160:1202 a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films 1160:1232 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 1 43 theme green 139:143 arg1 systems 104:110 Biopolymer-based systems 87:110 Biopolymer-based systems 87:110 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 1 43 theme green 139:143 arg1 alternatives 145:156 green alternatives 139:156 green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g. 139:195 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 3 44 theme hybrid 425:430 arg1 systems 432:438 the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems 400:438 the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems 400:438 For the preparation of the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems, a sol-gel procedure was applied. 27009436 5 45 theme thermal 631:637 arg1 curing 639:644 thermal curing 631:644 thermal curing 631:644 On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. 27009436 2 46 theme hybrid 244:249 arg1 system 315:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 2 46 theme hybrid 244:249 arg1 films 251:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 2 47 theme chitosan-based 289:302 arg1 system 315:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 2 47 theme chitosan-based 289:302 arg1 films 251:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 5 48 theme homogeneous 561:571 arg1 films 578:582 homogeneous thin films 561:582 homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm 561:609 On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. 27009436 9 49 theme chitosan 1268:1275 arg1 coating 1277:1283 a nonmodified chitosan coating 1254:1283 a nonmodified chitosan coating 1254:1283 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 6 50 theme zinc 665:668 arg1 substrates 670:679 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates 647:679 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates 647:679 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 27009436 7 51 theme model 781:785 arg1 experiments 797:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 51 theme model 781:785 arg1 resistance 830:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 52 dep coating 901:907 arg1 vinylbutyral 914:925 vinylbutyral 914:925 vinylbutyral 914:925 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 52 dep coating 901:907 arg1 PVB 929:931 PVB 929:931 PVB 929:931 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 52 dep coating 901:907 arg1 poly 909:912 poly 909:912 the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) 884:932 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 2 53 theme Chitosan-epoxysilane 223:242 arg1 system 315:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 a chitosan-based protective system 287:320 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 2 53 theme Chitosan-epoxysilane 223:242 arg1 films 251:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films 223:255 Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. 27009436 9 54 theme chitosan-epoxysilane 1207:1226 arg1 films 1228:1232 chitosan-epoxysilane films 1207:1232 chitosan-epoxysilane films 1207:1232 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. 27009436 1 55 theme traditional 162:172 arg1 coatings 182:189 traditional polymer coatings 162:189 traditional polymer coatings 162:189 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 6 56 theme hybrid-coated 651:663 arg1 substrates 670:679 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates 647:679 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates 647:679 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 27009436 7 57 theme corrosion 787:795 arg1 experiments 797:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 model corrosion experiments 781:807 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 7 57 theme corrosion 787:795 arg1 resistance 830:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 linear polarization resistance 810:839 As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. 27009436 6 58 theme photoelectron 750:762 arg1 spectroscopy 764:775 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 744:775 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 744:775 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 27009436 1 59 theme polymer 174:180 arg1 coatings 182:189 traditional polymer coatings 162:189 traditional polymer coatings 162:189 Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. 27009436 0 60 theme zinc 81:84 arg1 protection 67:76 corrosion protection 57:76 corrosion protection of zinc 57:84 Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreatments for corrosion protection of zinc. 27009436 6 61 theme x-ray 744:748 arg1 spectroscopy 764:775 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 744:775 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 744:775 The hybrid-coated zinc substrates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 27907988 6 0 theme antimicrobial 970:982 arg1 effect 984:989 the antimicrobial effect 966:989 the antimicrobial effect 966:989 KR12:Hp-βCd decreased the peptide concentration required for the antimicrobial effect. 27907988 7 1 theme cell 1038:1041 arg1 parameters 1051:1060 cell surface parameters 1038:1060 cell surface parameters 1038:1060 Moreover, this composition was able to modify cell surface parameters, such as ζ-potential, and alter the degree of hemolysis induced by KR12. 27907988 7 1 theme cell 1038:1041 arg1 ζ-potential 1071:1081 ζ-potential 1071:1081 ζ-potential 1071:1081 Moreover, this composition was able to modify cell surface parameters, such as ζ-potential, and alter the degree of hemolysis induced by KR12. 27907988 4 2 dep assay 810:814 arg1 assay 830:834 assay 830:834 assay 830:834 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 1 3 theme antimicrobial 150:162 arg1 effects 186:192 antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 150:192 antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 150:192 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 11 4 theme potential 1650:1658 arg1 effects 1696:1702 the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 1646:1702 the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd 1646:1750 These observations highlight the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd. 27907988 2 5 theme zeta 347:350 arg1 -potential 355:364 its zeta (ζ)-potential 343:364 its zeta (ζ)-potential 343:364 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 2 6 theme Hp-βCd 288:293 arg1 composition 295:305 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition 279:305 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition 279:305 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 1 7 dep properties 135:144 arg1 the 122:124 the 122:124 the 122:124 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 4 8 theme bromide 786:792 arg1 assay 810:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 4 9 theme composition 647:657 arg1 cytotoxicity 615:626 The cytotoxicity 611:626 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells 611:706 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 4 10 theme blue 805:808 arg1 assay 810:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 8 11 theme interaction 1269:1279 arg1 level 1251:1255 a similar level 1241:1255 a similar level of membrane interaction 1241:1279 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 5 12 theme dehydrogenase 884:896 arg1 assay 898:902 the lactate dehydrogenase assay 872:902 the lactate dehydrogenase assay 872:902 Membrane integrity was analyzed by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. 27907988 3 13 theme Actinobacillus 457:470 arg1 actinomycetemcomitans 472:492 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 457:492 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 457:492 Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide alone or associated was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration. 27907988 2 14 theme KR12 283:286 arg1 composition 295:305 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition 279:305 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition 279:305 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 8 15 theme similar 1243:1249 arg1 level 1251:1255 a similar level 1241:1255 a similar level of membrane interaction 1241:1279 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 8 16 theme zeta 1185:1188 arg1 potential 1190:1198 the zeta potential 1181:1198 the zeta potential of cells 1181:1207 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 6 17 theme peptide 931:937 arg1 concentration 939:951 the peptide concentration 927:951 the peptide concentration required for the antimicrobial effect 927:989 KR12:Hp-βCd decreased the peptide concentration required for the antimicrobial effect. 27907988 10 18 theme epithelial 1599:1608 arg1 cells 1610:1614 Caco-2 epithelial cells 1592:1614 Caco-2 epithelial cells 1592:1614 Both substances were effective in inhibiting the growth of odontopathogenic bacteria, as well as inhibiting Caco-2 epithelial cells. 27907988 1 19 theme antiproliferative 168:184 arg1 effects 186:192 antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 150:192 antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 150:192 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 8 20 theme cells 1203:1207 arg1 potential 1190:1198 the zeta potential 1181:1198 the zeta potential of cells 1181:1207 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 9 21 dep KR12 1375:1378 arg1 Hp-βCd 1380:1385 Hp-βCd (p < 0.001) 1380:1397 KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001) 1375:1397 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 3 22 theme minimal 577:583 arg1 concentration 596:608 minimal inhibitory concentration 577:608 minimal inhibitory concentration 577:608 Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide alone or associated was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration. 27907988 9 23 theme dehydrogenase 1455:1467 arg1 assay 1477:1481 the dehydrogenase lactate assay 1451:1481 the dehydrogenase lactate assay 1451:1481 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 0 24 theme KR12 0:3 arg1 peptide 5:11 KR12 peptide 0:11 KR12 peptide 0:11 KR12 peptide associated with cyclodextrin: Antimicrobial and antitumor activities. 27907988 9 25 theme A431 1342:1345 arg1 cells 1347:1351 Caco-2 and A431 cells 1331:1351 cells 1347:1351 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 3 26 theme inhibitory 585:594 arg1 concentration 596:608 minimal inhibitory concentration 577:608 minimal inhibitory concentration 577:608 Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide alone or associated was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration. 27907988 8 27 theme membrane 1260:1267 arg1 interaction 1269:1279 membrane interaction 1260:1279 membrane interaction 1260:1279 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 3 28 theme Antimicrobial 404:416 arg1 activity 418:425 Antimicrobial activity 404:425 Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide alone or associated 404:558 Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide alone or associated was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration. 27907988 10 29 theme Caco-2 1592:1597 arg1 cells 1610:1614 Caco-2 epithelial cells 1592:1614 Caco-2 epithelial cells 1592:1614 Both substances were effective in inhibiting the growth of odontopathogenic bacteria, as well as inhibiting Caco-2 epithelial cells. 27907988 9 30 theme cells 1347:1351 arg1 proliferation 1314:1326 the proliferation 1310:1326 the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells 1310:1351 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 7 31 theme hemolysis 1108:1116 arg1 degree 1098:1103 the degree 1094:1103 the degree of hemolysis induced by KR12 1094:1132 Moreover, this composition was able to modify cell surface parameters, such as ζ-potential, and alter the degree of hemolysis induced by KR12. 27907988 9 32 theme significant 1417:1427 arg1 effects 1439:1445 significant cytotoxic effects 1417:1445 significant cytotoxic effects 1417:1445 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 4 33 theme thiazolyl 795:803 arg1 assay 810:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 2 34 theme cells 397:401 arg1 absence 386:392 absence 386:392 absence 386:392 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 2 34 theme cells 397:401 arg1 presence 373:380 presence 373:380 presence 373:380 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 4 35 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 761:784 arg1 assay 810:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay 729:814 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 1 36 theme study 99:103 arg1 aim 87:89 The aim 83:89 The aim of this study 83:103 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 1 37 theme KR12 201:204 arg1 peptide 206:212 the KR12 peptide 197:212 the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro 197:276 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 11 38 theme antiproliferative 1678:1694 arg1 effects 1696:1702 the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 1646:1702 the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd 1646:1750 These observations highlight the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd. 27907988 9 39 theme lactate 1469:1475 arg1 assay 1477:1481 the dehydrogenase lactate assay 1451:1481 the dehydrogenase lactate assay 1451:1481 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 1 40 theme peptide 206:212 arg1 effects 186:192 antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 150:192 antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 150:192 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 1 40 theme peptide 206:212 arg1 properties 135:144 physical properties 126:144 physical properties 126:144 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 8 41 theme similar 1214:1220 arg1 extent 1222:1227 a similar extent 1212:1227 a similar extent 1212:1227 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 11 42 theme peptide 1712:1718 arg1 effects 1696:1702 the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects 1646:1702 the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd 1646:1750 These observations highlight the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd. 27907988 0 43 dep Antimicrobial 43:55 arg1 activities 71:80 activities 71:80 activities 71:80 KR12 peptide associated with cyclodextrin: Antimicrobial and antitumor activities. 27907988 5 44 theme Membrane 837:844 arg1 integrity 846:854 Membrane integrity 837:854 Membrane integrity 837:854 Membrane integrity was analyzed by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. 27907988 9 45 theme cytotoxic 1429:1437 arg1 effects 1439:1445 significant cytotoxic effects 1417:1445 significant cytotoxic effects 1417:1445 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 6 46 theme KR12 905:908 arg1 Hp-βCd 910:915 KR12:Hp-βCd 905:915 KR12:Hp-βCd 905:915 KR12:Hp-βCd decreased the peptide concentration required for the antimicrobial effect. 27907988 9 47 theme Caco-2 1331:1336 arg1 cells 1347:1351 Caco-2 and A431 cells 1331:1351 cells 1347:1351 The peptide alone inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and A431 cells more efficiently than KR12:Hp-βCd (p < 0.001), but did not show significant cytotoxic effects via the dehydrogenase lactate assay. 27907988 3 48 theme Porphyromonas 499:511 arg1 gingivalis 513:522 Porphyromonas gingivalis 499:522 Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide 499:538 Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for the peptide alone or associated was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration. 27907988 11 49 dep potential 1650:1658 arg1 antimicrobial 1660:1672 antimicrobial 1660:1672 antimicrobial 1660:1672 These observations highlight the potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of KR12 peptide alone or associated with Hp-βCd. 27907988 8 50 theme KR12 1148:1151 arg1 Hp-βCd 1153:1158 the KR12:Hp-βCd 1144:1158 the KR12:Hp-βCd 1144:1158 However, the KR12:Hp-βCd and KR12 alone alter the zeta potential of cells to a similar extent, suggesting a similar level of membrane interaction. 27907988 0 51 dep associated 13:22 arg1 antitumor 61:69 antitumor 61:69 antitumor 61:69 KR12 peptide associated with cyclodextrin: Antimicrobial and antitumor activities. 27907988 0 51 dep associated 13:22 arg1 Antimicrobial 43:55 Antimicrobial 43:55 Antimicrobial 43:55 KR12 peptide associated with cyclodextrin: Antimicrobial and antitumor activities. 27907988 7 52 theme surface 1043:1049 arg1 parameters 1051:1060 cell surface parameters 1038:1060 cell surface parameters 1038:1060 Moreover, this composition was able to modify cell surface parameters, such as ζ-potential, and alter the degree of hemolysis induced by KR12. 27907988 7 52 theme surface 1043:1049 arg1 ζ-potential 1071:1081 ζ-potential 1071:1081 ζ-potential 1071:1081 Moreover, this composition was able to modify cell surface parameters, such as ζ-potential, and alter the degree of hemolysis induced by KR12. 27907988 2 53 theme particle 325:332 arg1 size 334:337 particle size 325:337 particle size 325:337 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 10 54 theme bacteria 1560:1567 arg1 growth 1533:1538 the growth 1529:1538 the growth of odontopathogenic bacteria 1529:1567 Both substances were effective in inhibiting the growth of odontopathogenic bacteria, as well as inhibiting Caco-2 epithelial cells. 27907988 2 55 dep presence 373:380 arg1 the 369:371 the 369:371 the 369:371 The KR12:Hp-βCd composition was evaluated for particle size and its zeta (ζ)-potential in the presence and absence of cells. 27907988 5 56 theme lactate 876:882 arg1 assay 898:902 the lactate dehydrogenase assay 872:902 the lactate dehydrogenase assay 872:902 Membrane integrity was analyzed by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. 27907988 1 57 theme physical 126:133 arg1 properties 135:144 physical properties 126:144 physical properties 126:144 The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties and antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of the KR12 peptide complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-βCd) in vitro. 27907988 4 58 theme Caco-2 679:684 arg1 cells 686:690 Caco-2 cells 679:690 Caco-2 cells 679:690 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 10 59 theme odontopathogenic 1543:1558 arg1 bacteria 1560:1567 odontopathogenic bacteria 1543:1567 odontopathogenic bacteria 1543:1567 Both substances were effective in inhibiting the growth of odontopathogenic bacteria, as well as inhibiting Caco-2 epithelial cells. 27907988 4 60 theme A431 697:700 arg1 cells 702:706 A431 cells 697:706 A431 cells 697:706 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 27907988 4 61 theme peptide 635:641 arg1 cytotoxicity 615:626 The cytotoxicity 611:626 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells 611:706 The cytotoxicity of the peptide and composition toward fibroblasts, Caco-2 cells, and A431 cells was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue assay and hemolysis assay. 25475846 4 0 theme coupling 476:483 arg1 agent 485:489 coupling agent 476:489 coupling agent 476:489 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 5 1 theme interfacial 652:662 arg1 adhesion 664:671 good interfacial adhesion 647:671 good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers 647:702 The mechanical properties were further analyzed using micromechanical theories which indicated good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers. 25475846 8 2 dep applications 930:941 arg1 substitute 919:928 substitute 919:928 substitute 919:928 Hence, these composites showed potential for bone substitute applications. 25475846 3 3 theme % 369:369 arg1 MPa 363:365 525.16 MPa 356:365 525.16 MPa (0% nHA) 356:374 Compressive modulus also considerably increased from 525.16 MPa (0% nHA) to 1326.5 MPa with 10% nHA. 25475846 3 3 theme % 369:369 arg1 nHA 371:373 0% nHA 368:373 0% nHA 368:373 Compressive modulus also considerably increased from 525.16 MPa (0% nHA) to 1326.5 MPa with 10% nHA. 25475846 7 4 theme Multiple 746:753 arg1 layers 755:760 Multiple layers 746:760 Multiple layers of apatite formation 746:781 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25475846 5 5 dep matrix 685:690 arg1 the 681:683 the 681:683 the 681:683 The mechanical properties were further analyzed using micromechanical theories which indicated good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers. 25475846 5 6 theme micromechanical 606:620 arg1 theories 622:629 micromechanical theories 606:629 micromechanical theories which indicated good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers 606:702 The mechanical properties were further analyzed using micromechanical theories which indicated good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers. 25475846 2 7 theme optimal 287:293 arg1 values 295:300 optimal values 287:300 optimal values 287:300 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading showed optimal values. 25475846 0 8 theme thermal 52:58 arg1 studies 82:88 mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies 40:88 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 0:89 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 25475846 4 9 theme HEMA 468:471 arg1 addition 456:463 the addition 452:463 the addition of HEMA 452:471 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 5 10 theme mechanical 556:565 arg1 properties 567:576 The mechanical properties 552:576 The mechanical properties 552:576 The mechanical properties were further analyzed using micromechanical theories which indicated good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers. 25475846 1 11 theme chitosan 112:119 arg1 Bionanocomposites 91:107 Bionanocomposites 91:107 Bionanocomposites of chitosan 91:119 Bionanocomposites of chitosan were prepared with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as coupling agent. 25475846 1 11 theme chitosan 112:119 arg1 chitosan 112:119 chitosan 112:119 chitosan 112:119 Bionanocomposites of chitosan were prepared with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as coupling agent. 25475846 0 12 theme Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite 0:26 arg1 composites 28:37 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites 0:37 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 0:89 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 25475846 4 13 theme human 540:544 arg1 bone 546:549 human bone 540:549 human bone 540:549 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 5 14 theme good 647:650 arg1 adhesion 664:671 good interfacial adhesion 647:671 good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers 647:702 The mechanical properties were further analyzed using micromechanical theories which indicated good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fillers. 25475846 2 15 theme tensile 229:235 arg1 properties 250:259 The tensile and flexural properties 225:259 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading 225:278 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading showed optimal values. 25475846 8 16 theme bone 914:917 arg1 applications 930:941 bone substitute applications 914:941 bone substitute applications 914:941 Hence, these composites showed potential for bone substitute applications. 25475846 1 17 theme coupling 209:216 arg1 agent 218:222 coupling agent 209:222 coupling agent 209:222 Bionanocomposites of chitosan were prepared with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as coupling agent. 25475846 0 18 theme mechanical 40:49 arg1 studies 82:88 mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies 40:88 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 0:89 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 25475846 0 19 dep composites 28:37 arg1 studies 82:88 mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies 40:88 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 0:89 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 25475846 7 20 theme body 851:854 arg1 SBF 863:865 SBF 863:865 SBF 863:865 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25475846 7 20 theme body 851:854 arg1 fluid 856:860 simulated body fluid 841:860 simulated body fluid (SBF) 841:866 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25475846 3 21 theme % 397:397 arg1 nHA 399:401 10% nHA 395:401 10% nHA 395:401 Compressive modulus also considerably increased from 525.16 MPa (0% nHA) to 1326.5 MPa with 10% nHA. 25475846 4 22 theme fillers 433:439 arg1 functionalization 412:428 Surface functionalization 404:428 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent 404:489 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 4 23 theme mechanical 507:516 arg1 properties 518:527 enhanced mechanical properties 498:527 enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone 498:549 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 0 24 theme bio-compatibility 64:80 arg1 studies 82:88 mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies 40:88 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 0:89 Chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite composites: mechanical, thermal and bio-compatibility studies. 25475846 4 25 theme enhanced 498:505 arg1 properties 518:527 enhanced mechanical properties 498:527 enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone 498:549 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 7 26 theme simulated 841:849 arg1 SBF 863:865 SBF 863:865 SBF 863:865 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25475846 7 26 theme simulated 841:849 arg1 fluid 856:860 simulated body fluid 841:860 simulated body fluid (SBF) 841:866 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25475846 2 27 theme flexural 241:248 arg1 properties 250:259 The tensile and flexural properties 225:259 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading 225:278 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading showed optimal values. 25475846 3 28 theme 10 395:396 arg1 % 397:397 % 397:397 % 397:397 Compressive modulus also considerably increased from 525.16 MPa (0% nHA) to 1326.5 MPa with 10% nHA. 25475846 4 29 theme similar 529:535 arg1 properties 518:527 enhanced mechanical properties 498:527 enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone 498:549 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 4 30 theme Surface 404:410 arg1 functionalization 412:428 Surface functionalization 404:428 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent 404:489 Surface functionalization of fillers along with the addition of HEMA as coupling agent led to enhanced mechanical properties similar to human bone. 25475846 3 31 theme Compressive 303:313 arg1 modulus 315:321 Compressive modulus 303:321 Compressive modulus 303:321 Compressive modulus also considerably increased from 525.16 MPa (0% nHA) to 1326.5 MPa with 10% nHA. 25475846 2 32 theme nHA 268:270 arg1 loading 272:278 8% nHA loading 265:278 8% nHA loading 265:278 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading showed optimal values. 25475846 2 33 theme % 266:266 arg1 loading 272:278 8% nHA loading 265:278 8% nHA loading 265:278 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading showed optimal values. 25475846 7 34 theme apatite 765:771 arg1 formation 773:781 apatite formation 765:781 apatite formation 765:781 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25475846 2 35 theme 8 265:265 arg1 % 266:266 % 266:266 % 266:266 The tensile and flexural properties for 8% nHA loading showed optimal values. 25475846 1 36 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 171:184 arg1 HEMA 200:203 HEMA 200:203 HEMA 200:203 Bionanocomposites of chitosan were prepared with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as coupling agent. 25475846 1 36 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 171:184 arg1 methacrylate 186:197 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 171:197 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 171:204 Bionanocomposites of chitosan were prepared with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as coupling agent. 25475846 7 37 theme formation 773:781 arg1 layers 755:760 Multiple layers 746:760 Multiple layers of apatite formation 746:781 Multiple layers of apatite formation have been observed when the nanocomposites were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). 28100988 12 0 theme ovarian 1833:1839 arg1 cells 1848:1852 the ovarian cancer cells 1829:1852 the ovarian cancer cells 1829:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 13 1 theme biological 1859:1868 arg1 studies 1870:1876 The biological studies 1855:1876 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1855:1913 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 12 2 theme O-linked 1785:1792 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans 1767:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells 1767:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 5 3 theme glycosylation 661:673 arg1 inhibitor 675:683 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 652:683 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 652:683 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 6 4 theme ovarian 836:842 arg1 cells 851:855 the ovarian cancer cells 832:855 the ovarian cancer cells 832:855 We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 7 5 from derivatization 932:945 arg1 immobilization 890:903 (1) immobilization 886:903 (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 886:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 5 from derivatization 932:945 arg1 proteins 908:915 proteins 908:915 proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 908:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 5 6 dep METHODS 558:564 arg1 dedicated 586:594 dedicated 586:594 has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively 577:716 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 8 7 theme cell 1219:1222 arg1 lines 1224:1228 ovarian cancer cell lines 1204:1228 ovarian cancer cell lines 1204:1228 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 11 8 theme complex 1670:1676 arg1 samples 1689:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 5 9 theme ovarian 618:624 arg1 cells 633:637 ovarian cancer cells 618:637 ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 618:683 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 11 10 theme O-linked 1568:1575 arg1 glycans 1577:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 0 11 theme Simultaneous 0:11 arg1 analyses 13:20 Simultaneous analyses 0:20 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 0:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 1 12 theme biological 174:183 arg1 activities 185:194 biological activities 174:194 biological activities 174:194 BACKGROUND Glycans play critical roles in a number of biological activities. 28100988 7 13 dep immobilization 890:903 arg1 1 887:887 1 887:887 1 887:887 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 12 14 theme N-linked 1772:1779 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans 1767:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells 1767:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 2 15 theme last 287:290 arg1 decades 292:298 the last decades 283:298 the last decades 283:298 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 4 16 link O-linked 487:494 arg1 glycans 496:502 O-linked glycans 487:502 O-linked glycans 487:502 It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. 28100988 8 17 theme O-linked 1249:1256 arg1 inhibitor 1272:1280 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1249:1280 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1249:1280 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 13 18 theme N-linked 2005:2012 arg1 expression 2021:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 2 19 theme N-linked 226:233 arg1 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 12 20 used used 1751:1754 arg2 method 1740:1745 The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 1709:1745 The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 1709:1745 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 8 21 theme ovarian 1204:1210 arg1 lines 1224:1228 ovarian cancer cell lines 1204:1228 ovarian cancer cell lines 1204:1228 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 8 22 used used 1199:1202 arg2 We 1196:1197 We 1196:1197 We 1196:1197 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 8 23 theme inhibitor 1272:1280 arg1 effect 1239:1244 effect 1239:1244 effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation 1239:1305 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 2 24 theme glycans 217:223 arg1 types 208:212 Two common types 197:212 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, 197:247 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 8 25 theme protein 1285:1291 arg1 glycosylation 1293:1305 protein glycosylation 1285:1305 protein glycosylation 1285:1305 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 1 26 theme critical 144:151 arg1 roles 153:157 critical roles 144:157 critical roles 144:157 BACKGROUND Glycans play critical roles in a number of biological activities. 28100988 0 27 theme ovarian 58:64 arg1 cells 73:77 ovarian cancer cells 58:77 ovarian cancer cells 58:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 13 28 link O-linked 1881:1888 arg1 inhibition 1904:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 2 29 theme O-linked 239:246 arg1 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 8 30 from effect 1239:1244 arg1 glycosylation 1293:1305 protein glycosylation 1285:1305 protein glycosylation 1285:1305 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 12 31 link N-linked 1772:1779 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans 1767:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells 1767:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 4 32 theme O-linked 487:494 arg1 glycans 496:502 O-linked glycans 487:502 O-linked glycans 487:502 It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. 28100988 11 33 theme sequential 1520:1529 arg1 analyses 1543:1550 analyses 1543:1550 analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach 1543:1613 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 11 33 theme sequential 1520:1529 arg1 platform 1621:1628 a platform 1619:1628 a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples 1619:1695 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 11 33 theme sequential 1520:1529 arg1 release 1531:1537 The sequential release 1516:1537 The sequential release 1516:1537 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 0 34 theme cells 73:77 arg1 glycans 47:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans 25:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 25:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 12 35 theme chemoenzymatic 1725:1738 arg1 method 1740:1745 The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 1709:1745 The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 1709:1745 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 0 36 theme solid-phase 85:95 arg1 method 112:117 solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 85:117 solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 85:117 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 3 37 attach released 325:332 arg2 N-glycans 301:309 N-glycans 301:309 N-glycans 301:309 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 3 37 attach released 325:332 arg1 glycoproteins 339:351 glycoproteins 339:351 glycoproteins 339:351 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 7 38 from immobilization 890:903 arg1 derivatization 932:945 derivatization 932:945 derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 932:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 38 from immobilization 890:903 arg1 cells 922:926 cells 922:926 cells 922:926 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 39 theme glycans 950:956 arg1 derivatization 932:945 derivatization 932:945 derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 932:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 39 theme glycans 950:956 arg1 cells 922:926 cells 922:926 cells 922:926 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 10 40 link O-linked 1482:1489 arg1 inhibitor 1505:1513 the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1478:1513 the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1478:1513 Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 28100988 7 41 theme 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 1150:1179 arg1 presence 1138:1145 the presence 1134:1145 the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 1134:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 10 42 theme glycosylation 1491:1503 arg1 inhibitor 1505:1513 the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1478:1513 the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1478:1513 Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 28100988 7 43 from cells 922:926 arg1 immobilization 890:903 (1) immobilization 886:903 (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 886:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 43 from cells 922:926 arg1 proteins 908:915 proteins 908:915 proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 908:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 5 44 link O-linked 652:659 arg1 inhibitor 675:683 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 652:683 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 652:683 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 13 45 from changes 1976:1982 arg1 expression 2021:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 11 46 from N-glycans 1643:1651 arg1 samples 1689:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 13 47 theme glycosylation 1890:1902 arg1 inhibition 1904:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 9 48 theme O-linked 1349:1356 arg1 glycosylation 1358:1370 O-linked glycosylation 1349:1370 O-linked glycosylation 1349:1370 Results suggested that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation reduced the levels of O-glycans. 28100988 3 49 gly glycoproteins 339:351 arg1 glycoproteins 339:351 glycoproteins 339:351 glycoproteins 339:351 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 11 50 from O-glycans 1657:1665 arg1 samples 1689:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 0 51 theme glycans 47:53 arg1 analyses 13:20 Simultaneous analyses 0:20 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 0:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 8 52 link O-linked 1249:1256 arg1 inhibitor 1272:1280 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1249:1280 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1249:1280 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 9 53 link O-linked 1349:1356 arg1 glycosylation 1358:1370 O-linked glycosylation 1349:1370 O-linked glycosylation 1349:1370 Results suggested that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation reduced the levels of O-glycans. 28100988 13 54 theme O-linked 1992:1999 arg1 expression 2021:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 11 55 theme chemoenzymatic 1591:1604 arg1 approach 1606:1613 chemoenzymatic approach 1591:1613 chemoenzymatic approach 1591:1613 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 11 56 link N-linked 1555:1562 arg1 glycans 1577:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 11 57 link O-linked 1568:1575 arg1 glycans 1577:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 12 58 attach released 1815:1822 arg2 glycans 1794:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans 1767:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells 1767:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 12 58 attach released 1815:1822 arg1 cells 1848:1852 the ovarian cancer cells 1829:1852 the ovarian cancer cells 1829:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 12 59 theme cancer 1841:1846 arg1 cells 1848:1852 the ovarian cancer cells 1829:1852 the ovarian cancer cells 1829:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 6 60 theme solid-phase 729:739 arg1 approach 756:763 a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach 727:763 a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells 727:855 We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 0 61 link N-linked 25:32 arg1 glycans 47:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans 25:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 25:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 5 62 theme O-linked 652:659 arg1 inhibitor 675:683 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 652:683 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 652:683 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 6 63 theme cancer 844:849 arg1 cells 851:855 the ovarian cancer cells 832:855 the ovarian cancer cells 832:855 We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 12 64 dep CONCLUSION 1698:1707 arg1 used 1751:1754 used 1751:1754 was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells 1747:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 8 65 theme cancer 1212:1217 arg1 lines 1224:1228 ovarian cancer cell lines 1204:1228 ovarian cancer cell lines 1204:1228 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 7 66 dep release 1074:1080 arg1 3 1071:1071 3 1071:1071 3 1071:1071 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 11 67 theme biological 1678:1687 arg1 samples 1689:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 complex biological samples 1670:1695 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 5 68 theme cancer 626:631 arg1 cells 633:637 ovarian cancer cells 618:637 ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 618:683 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 11 69 theme glycans 1577:1583 arg1 analyses 1543:1550 analyses 1543:1550 analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach 1543:1613 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 11 69 theme glycans 1577:1583 arg1 platform 1621:1628 a platform 1619:1628 a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples 1619:1695 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 11 69 theme glycans 1577:1583 arg1 release 1531:1537 The sequential release 1516:1537 The sequential release 1516:1537 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 4 70 gly glycoproteins 507:519 arg1 glycoproteins 507:519 glycoproteins 507:519 glycoproteins 507:519 It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. 28100988 1 71 theme activities 185:194 arg1 number 164:169 a number 162:169 a number of biological activities 162:194 BACKGROUND Glycans play critical roles in a number of biological activities. 28100988 0 72 link O-linked 38:45 arg1 glycans 47:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans 25:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 25:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 11 73 theme N-linked 1555:1562 arg1 glycans 1577:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 N-linked and O-linked glycans 1555:1583 The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. 28100988 7 74 theme isobaric 1055:1062 arg1 tags 1064:1067 isobaric tags 1055:1067 isobaric tags 1055:1067 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 13 75 theme glycan 2014:2019 arg1 expression 2021:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 7 76 theme N-glycans 1042:1050 arg1 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 76 theme N-glycans 1042:1050 arg1 release 987:993 (2) release 983:993 (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F 983:1018 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 76 theme N-glycans 1042:1050 arg1 acids 976:980 sialic acids 969:980 sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination 969:1129 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 12 77 link O-linked 1785:1792 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans 1767:1800 both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells 1767:1852 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 7 78 theme PNGase 1011:1016 arg1 F 1018:1018 PNGase F 1011:1018 PNGase F 1011:1018 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 1 79 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 Glycans 131:137 BACKGROUND Glycans 120:137 BACKGROUND Glycans 120:137 BACKGROUND Glycans play critical roles in a number of biological activities. 28100988 3 80 attach released 385:392 arg1 glycoproteins 399:411 glycoproteins 399:411 glycoproteins 399:411 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 3 80 attach released 385:392 arg2 O-glycans 371:379 O-glycans 371:379 O-glycans 371:379 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 8 81 theme glycosylation 1258:1270 arg1 inhibitor 1272:1280 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1249:1280 O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1249:1280 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 13 82 theme glycan 1969:1974 arg1 changes 1976:1982 glycan changes 1969:1982 glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1969:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 7 83 theme N-glycans 998:1006 arg1 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 83 theme N-glycans 998:1006 arg1 release 987:993 (2) release 983:993 (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F 983:1018 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 83 theme N-glycans 998:1006 arg1 acids 976:980 sialic acids 969:980 sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination 969:1129 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 13 84 link O-linked 1992:1999 arg1 expression 2021:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 7 85 dep acids 976:980 arg1 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 85 dep acids 976:980 arg1 acids 976:980 sialic acids 969:980 sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination 969:1129 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 85 dep acids 976:980 arg1 release 987:993 (2) release 983:993 (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F 983:1018 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 85 dep acids 976:980 arg1 quantification 1086:1099 quantification 1086:1099 quantification 1086:1099 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 85 dep acids 976:980 arg1 release 1074:1080 (3) release 1070:1080 (3) release 1070:1080 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 0 86 theme cancer 66:71 arg1 cells 73:77 ovarian cancer cells 58:77 ovarian cancer cells 58:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 13 87 link N-linked 2005:2012 arg1 expression 2021:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1987:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 2 88 link N-linked 226:233 arg1 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 4 89 theme glycoproteins 507:519 arg1 N- 480:481 N- 480:481 N- 480:481 It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. 28100988 4 89 theme glycoproteins 507:519 arg1 glycans 496:502 O-linked glycans 487:502 O-linked glycans 487:502 It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. 28100988 10 90 theme N-glycan 1444:1451 arg1 level 1453:1457 N-glycan level 1444:1457 N-glycan level 1444:1457 Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 28100988 13 91 theme inhibition 1955:1964 arg1 effects 1928:1934 the effects 1924:1934 the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression 1924:2030 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 2 92 link O-linked 239:246 arg1 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 glycans 217:223 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 0 93 theme chemoenzymatic 97:110 arg1 method 112:117 solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 85:117 solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 85:117 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 3 94 gly glycoproteins 399:411 arg1 glycoproteins 399:411 glycoproteins 399:411 glycoproteins 399:411 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 12 95 theme solid-phase 1713:1723 arg1 method 1740:1745 The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 1709:1745 The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method 1709:1745 CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 7 96 theme sialic 969:974 arg1 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 quantification 1024:1037 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 96 theme sialic 969:974 arg1 quantification 1086:1099 quantification 1086:1099 quantification 1086:1099 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 96 theme sialic 969:974 arg1 release 987:993 (2) release 983:993 (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F 983:1018 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 96 theme sialic 969:974 arg1 acids 976:980 sialic acids 969:980 sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination 969:1129 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 96 theme sialic 969:974 arg1 release 1074:1080 (3) release 1070:1080 (3) release 1070:1080 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 13 97 theme O-glycosylation 1939:1953 arg1 inhibition 1955:1964 O-glycosylation inhibition 1939:1964 O-glycosylation inhibition 1939:1964 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 10 98 theme lower 1464:1468 arg1 dose 1470:1473 a lower dose 1462:1473 a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1462:1513 Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 28100988 4 99 theme glycans 549:555 arg1 changes 538:544 the changes 534:544 the changes of glycans 534:555 It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. 28100988 0 100 theme N-linked 25:32 arg1 glycans 47:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans 25:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 25:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 5 101 from cells 633:637 arg1 glycans 605:611 glycans 605:611 glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 605:683 METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. 28100988 6 102 used used 722:725 arg2 We 719:720 We 719:720 We 719:720 We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 10 103 theme O-linked 1482:1489 arg1 inhibitor 1505:1513 the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1478:1513 the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1478:1513 Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 28100988 13 104 theme O-linked 1881:1888 arg1 inhibition 1904:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 0 105 theme O-linked 38:45 arg1 glycans 47:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans 25:53 N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells 25:77 Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. 28100988 3 106 theme chemical 416:423 arg1 methods 425:431 chemical methods 416:431 chemical methods 416:431 N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. 28100988 8 107 dep RESULTS 1188:1194 arg1 used 1199:1202 used 1199:1202 used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation 1199:1305 RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. 28100988 9 108 theme O-glycans 1394:1402 arg1 levels 1384:1389 the levels 1380:1389 the levels of O-glycans 1380:1402 Results suggested that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation reduced the levels of O-glycans. 28100988 7 109 theme O-glycans 1104:1112 arg1 acids 976:980 sialic acids 969:980 sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination 969:1129 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 109 theme O-glycans 1104:1112 arg1 quantification 1086:1099 quantification 1086:1099 quantification 1086:1099 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 109 theme O-glycans 1104:1112 arg1 release 1074:1080 (3) release 1070:1080 (3) release 1070:1080 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 9 110 theme glycosylation 1358:1370 arg1 inhibition 1335:1344 the inhibition 1331:1344 the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation 1331:1370 Results suggested that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation reduced the levels of O-glycans. 28100988 13 111 from studies 1870:1876 arg1 inhibition 1904:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 O-linked glycosylation inhibition 1881:1913 The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression. 28100988 6 112 theme chemoenzymatic 741:754 arg1 approach 756:763 a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach 727:763 a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells 727:855 We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. 28100988 10 113 theme inhibitor 1505:1513 arg1 dose 1470:1473 a lower dose 1462:1473 a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor 1462:1513 Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 28100988 2 114 theme common 201:206 arg1 types 208:212 Two common types 197:212 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, 197:247 Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. 28100988 7 115 theme proteins 908:915 arg1 immobilization 890:903 (1) immobilization 886:903 (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 886:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28100988 7 116 dep consists 861:868 arg1 immobilization 890:903 (1) immobilization 886:903 (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 886:1185 It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). 28609623 4 0 contain have 1032:1035 arg2 property 1041:1048 the property 1037:1048 the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 1037:1190 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 0 contain have 1032:1035 arg1 nanomaterials 929:941 the nanomaterials 925:941 the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 925:1190 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 3 1 theme @ 798:798 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 1 theme @ 798:798 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 1 2 theme vital 293:297 arg1 role 299:302 a vital role 291:302 a vital role 291:302 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 6 3 theme molar 1590:1594 arg1 ratios 1596:1601 1:5000 molar ratios 1583:1601 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected 1583:1642 Its outstanding specificity and efficiency for purification of phosphopeptides is reflected in quantities as low as 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected. 28609623 4 4 theme polymer 902:908 arg1 surface 910:916 The polymer surface 898:916 The polymer surface 898:916 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 5 theme materials 1182:1190 arg1 property 1041:1048 the property 1037:1048 the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 1037:1190 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 2 6 theme sensitive 502:510 arg1 methods 523:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods 482:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides 482:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 1 7 theme important 219:227 arg1 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 7 theme important 219:227 arg1 modifications 248:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications 203:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome 203:283 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 7 theme important 219:227 arg1 glycosylation 168:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 7 8 gly N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 9 theme @ 1673:1673 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 1674:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 2 10 theme low 650:652 arg1 abundances 654:663 low abundances 650:663 low abundances 650:663 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 7 11 theme @ 1668:1668 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 1674:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 4 12 theme large 1004:1008 arg1 amount 1010:1015 a large amount 1002:1015 a large amount of Ti 4+ 1002:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 12 theme large 1004:1008 arg1 4+ 1023:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 13 theme -based 1164:1169 arg1 materials 1182:1190 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 1053:1190 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 1053:1190 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 14 theme excellent 966:974 arg1 property 988:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 8 15 theme @ 2223:2223 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2229:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2221:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2221:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 5 16 theme binding 1362:1368 arg1 g-1 1387:1389 150 mg g-1 1380:1389 150 mg g-1 1380:1389 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 16 theme binding 1362:1368 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the extremely high binding capacity 1343:1377 the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1) 1343:1390 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 8 17 theme samples 2506:2512 arg1 amounts 2486:2492 the precious and low amounts 2465:2492 the precious and low amounts of clinical samples 2465:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 8 17 theme samples 2506:2512 arg1 samples 2506:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 4 18 with nanomaterials 929:941 arg1 4+ 1023:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 18 with nanomaterials 929:941 arg1 amount 1010:1015 a large amount 1002:1015 a large amount of Ti 4+ 1002:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 18 with nanomaterials 929:941 arg1 property 988:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 18 with nanomaterials 929:941 arg1 biocompatibility 948:963 biocompatibility 948:963 biocompatibility 948:963 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 8 19 theme CS 2381:2382 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2389:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 8 20 theme @ 2228:2228 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2229:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2221:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2221:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 7 21 theme LC-MS/MS 2099:2106 arg1 runs 2108:2111 two independent LC-MS/MS runs 2083:2111 two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 2083:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 8 22 theme modification-based 2432:2449 arg1 proteomics 2451:2460 modification-based proteomics 2432:2460 modification-based proteomics 2432:2460 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 0 23 theme Multifunctional 73:87 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 3 24 theme facile 707:712 arg1 route 714:718 a facile route 705:718 a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 705:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 7 25 theme F 1752:1752 arg1 treatment 1754:1762 PNGase F treatment 1745:1762 PNGase F treatment 1745:1762 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 26 gly N-glycopeptides 1792:1806 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1792:1806 N-glycopeptides 1792:1806 N-glycopeptides 1792:1806 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 0 27 theme Dendritic 106:114 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 5 28 dep demonstrate 1228:1238 arg1 evaluated 1330:1338 evaluated 1330:1338 evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%) 1330:1464 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 8 29 theme precious 2469:2476 arg1 amounts 2486:2492 the precious and low amounts 2465:2492 the precious and low amounts of clinical samples 2465:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 8 29 theme precious 2469:2476 arg1 samples 2506:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 0 30 theme Coated 129:134 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 7 31 with runs 2108:2111 arg1 time 2127:2130 a total time 2119:2130 a total time of 120 min 2119:2141 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 4 32 theme 4+ 1023:1024 arg1 4+ 1023:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 32 theme 4+ 1023:1024 arg1 amount 1010:1015 a large amount 1002:1015 a large amount of Ti 4+ 1002:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 32 theme 4+ 1023:1024 arg1 property 988:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 32 theme 4+ 1023:1024 arg1 biocompatibility 948:963 biocompatibility 948:963 biocompatibility 948:963 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 8 33 theme low 2482:2484 arg1 amounts 2486:2492 the precious and low amounts 2465:2492 the precious and low amounts of clinical samples 2465:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 8 33 theme low 2482:2484 arg1 samples 2506:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 2 34 theme phosphoproteome 439:453 arg1 characterization 415:430 Comprehensive characterization 401:430 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome 401:471 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 7 35 theme different 1942:1950 arg1 glycoproteins 1952:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 2 36 gly glycoproteins 597:609 arg1 glycoproteins 597:609 many glycoproteins 592:609 many glycoproteins 592:609 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 2 37 theme enrichment 512:521 arg1 methods 523:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods 482:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides 482:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 0 38 theme Single-Step 0:10 arg1 Enrichment 12:21 Single-Step Enrichment 0:21 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 0:158 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 7 39 gly N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides 1888:1933 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1888:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 39 gly N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg2 ID/min 1911:1916 84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min 1893:1916 ID/min 1911:1916 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 5 40 gly N-glycopeptides 1267:1281 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1267:1281 N-glycopeptides 1267:1281 N-glycopeptides 1267:1281 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 41 theme mg 1384:1385 arg1 g-1 1387:1389 150 mg g-1 1380:1389 150 mg g-1 1380:1389 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 41 theme mg 1384:1385 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the extremely high binding capacity 1343:1377 the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1) 1343:1390 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 6 42 theme phosphopeptides 1606:1620 arg1 ratios 1596:1601 1:5000 molar ratios 1583:1601 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected 1583:1642 Its outstanding specificity and efficiency for purification of phosphopeptides is reflected in quantities as low as 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected. 28609623 4 43 theme immobilized 1053:1063 arg1 chromatography 1084:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 43 theme immobilized 1053:1063 arg1 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 3 44 theme multifunctional 741:755 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 44 theme multifunctional 741:755 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 2 45 theme glycoproteome 459:471 arg1 characterization 415:430 Comprehensive characterization 401:430 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome 401:471 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 5 46 theme @ 1199:1199 arg1 nanomaterials 1214:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 7 47 gly glycoproteins 1952:1964 arg1 glycoproteins 1952:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 4 48 theme ion 1071:1073 arg1 chromatography 1084:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 48 theme ion 1071:1073 arg1 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 1 49 theme complex 330:336 arg1 processes 349:357 complex biological processes 330:357 complex biological processes 330:357 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 5 50 theme high 1427:1430 arg1 % 1463:1463 above 75.4% 1453:1463 above 75.4% 1453:1463 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 50 theme high 1427:1430 arg1 recovery 1443:1450 high enrichment recovery 1427:1450 high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%) 1427:1464 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 51 theme @ 1204:1204 arg1 nanomaterials 1214:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 7 52 theme ID/μg 1898:1902 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides 1888:1933 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1888:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 52 theme ID/μg 1898:1902 arg1 ID/min 1911:1916 84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min 1893:1916 ID/min 1911:1916 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 8 53 theme N-glycopeptides 2267:2281 arg1 enrichment 2253:2262 single-step enrichment 2241:2262 single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2241:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 4 54 theme liquid 1135:1140 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 3 55 theme CS 796:797 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 55 theme CS 796:797 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 7 56 theme liver 2164:2168 arg1 μg 2152:2153 50 μg 2149:2153 50 μg of mouse liver 2149:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 6 57 theme phosphopeptides 1530:1544 arg1 purification 1514:1525 purification 1514:1525 purification of phosphopeptides 1514:1544 Its outstanding specificity and efficiency for purification of phosphopeptides is reflected in quantities as low as 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected. 28609623 8 58 theme phosphopeptides 2287:2301 arg1 enrichment 2253:2262 single-step enrichment 2241:2262 single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2241:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 3 59 theme dentritic 773:781 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 59 theme dentritic 773:781 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 2 60 dep phosphoproteome 439:453 arg1 the 435:437 the 435:437 the 435:437 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 2 61 theme Comprehensive 401:413 arg1 characterization 415:430 Comprehensive characterization 401:430 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome 401:471 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 0 62 theme Novel 67:71 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 8 63 theme PGMA 2384:2387 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2389:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 1 64 theme biological 338:347 arg1 processes 349:357 complex biological processes 330:357 complex biological processes 330:357 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 3 65 theme IDA 804:806 arg1 nanomaterials 883:895 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 4 66 theme hydrophilic 1111:1121 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 3 67 theme PGMA 799:802 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 67 theme PGMA 799:802 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 7 68 theme different 1833:1841 arg1 eluents 1843:1849 different eluents 1833:1849 different eluents 1833:1849 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 3 69 dep CS 809:810 arg1 chitosan 813:820 chitosan 813:820 chitosan 813:820 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 69 dep CS 809:810 arg1 methacrylate 843:854 glycidyl methacrylate 834:854 glycidyl methacrylate 834:854 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 69 dep CS 809:810 arg1 acid 877:880 iminodiacetic acid 863:880 iminodiacetic acid 863:880 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 69 dep CS 809:810 arg1 PGMA 823:826 PGMA 823:826 PGMA 823:826 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 69 dep CS 809:810 arg1 poly 829:832 poly 829:832 poly(glycidyl methacrylate) 829:855 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 69 dep CS 809:810 arg1 IDA 858:860 IDA 858:860 IDA 858:860 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 1 70 from number 320:325 arg1 diseases 391:398 diseases 391:398 diseases 391:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 70 from number 320:325 arg1 variety 380:386 a variety 378:386 a variety of diseases 378:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 71 theme most 214:217 arg1 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 71 theme most 214:217 arg1 modifications 248:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications 203:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome 203:283 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 71 theme most 214:217 arg1 glycosylation 168:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 7 72 theme different 2024:2032 arg1 phosphoproteins 2034:2048 256 different phosphoproteins 2020:2048 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 2020:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 73 from phosphopeptides 2001:2015 arg1 phosphoproteins 2034:2048 256 different phosphoproteins 2020:2048 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 2020:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 73 from phosphopeptides 2001:2015 arg1 MS 1873:1874 MS 1873:1874 MS 1873:1874 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 73 from phosphopeptides 2001:2015 arg1 total 1879:1883 a total 1877:1883 a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1877:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 74 dep ID/μg 1980:1984 arg1 ID/min 1993:1998 3.517 ID/min 1987:1998 3.517 ID/min 1987:1998 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 1 75 theme processes 349:357 arg1 number 320:325 a number 318:325 a number of complex biological processes 318:357 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 75 theme processes 349:357 arg1 involvement 363:373 involvement 363:373 involvement in a variety of diseases 363:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 7 76 from N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg1 phosphopeptides 2001:2015 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides 1970:2015 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1970:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 76 from N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg1 ID/μg 1980:1984 84.4 ID/μg 1975:1984 84.4 ID/μg 1975:1984 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 76 from N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg1 glycoproteins 1952:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 6 77 theme low 1576:1578 arg1 quantities 1562:1571 quantities 1562:1571 quantities as low as 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected 1562:1642 Its outstanding specificity and efficiency for purification of phosphopeptides is reflected in quantities as low as 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected. 28609623 1 78 theme post-translational 229:246 arg1 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 78 theme post-translational 229:246 arg1 modifications 248:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications 203:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome 203:283 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 78 theme post-translational 229:246 arg1 glycosylation 168:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 7 79 theme PGMA 1669:1672 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 1674:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 80 theme CS 1666:1667 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 1674:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 1666:1681 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 0 81 with Enrichment 12:21 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 4 82 theme functional 1171:1180 arg1 materials 1182:1190 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 1053:1190 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials 1053:1190 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 7 83 theme min 2139:2141 arg1 time 2127:2130 a total time 2119:2130 a total time of 120 min 2119:2141 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 84 from glycoproteins 1952:1964 arg1 phosphoproteins 2034:2048 256 different phosphoproteins 2020:2048 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 2020:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 84 from glycoproteins 1952:1964 arg1 MS 1873:1874 MS 1873:1874 MS 1873:1874 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 84 from glycoproteins 1952:1964 arg1 total 1879:1883 a total 1877:1883 a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1877:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 85 dep N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 arg1 fractionated 1765:1776 fractionated 1765:1776 fractionated 1765:1776 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 85 dep N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 arg1 analyzed 1861:1868 analyzed 1861:1868 analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1861:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 85 dep N-glycopeptides 1697:1711 arg1 followed 1733:1740 followed 1733:1740 followed by PNGase F treatment 1733:1762 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 4 86 dep -based 1164:1169 arg1 chromatography 1084:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 86 dep -based 1164:1169 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 86 dep -based 1164:1169 arg1 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 1 87 theme Protein 160:166 arg1 modifications 248:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications 203:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome 203:283 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 87 theme Protein 160:166 arg1 glycosylation 168:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 5 88 dep N-glycopeptides 1267:1281 arg1 enrichment 1303:1312 enrichment 1303:1312 enrichment 1303:1312 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 7 89 theme total 2121:2125 arg1 time 2127:2130 a total time 2119:2130 a total time of 120 min 2119:2141 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 5 90 theme high 1357:1360 arg1 g-1 1387:1389 150 mg g-1 1380:1389 150 mg g-1 1380:1389 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 90 theme high 1357:1360 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the extremely high binding capacity 1343:1377 the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1) 1343:1390 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 3 91 theme glycidyl 834:841 arg1 poly 829:832 poly 829:832 poly(glycidyl methacrylate) 829:855 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 91 theme glycidyl 834:841 arg1 methacrylate 843:854 glycidyl methacrylate 834:854 glycidyl methacrylate 834:854 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 8 92 theme @ 2383:2383 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2389:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 4 93 theme hydrophilic 976:986 arg1 property 988:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 excellent hydrophilic property 966:995 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 7 94 used used 1661:1664 arg2 we 1658:1659 we 1658:1659 we 1658:1659 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 8 95 theme CS 2221:2222 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2229:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2221:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2221:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 8 96 theme proteomics 2451:2460 arg1 applicability 2415:2427 great applicability 2409:2427 great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples 2409:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 3 97 theme iminodiacetic 863:875 arg1 acid 877:880 iminodiacetic acid 863:880 iminodiacetic acid 863:880 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 0 98 theme Ti4+-Immobilized 89:104 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 1 99 from modifications 248:260 arg1 proteome 276:283 the proteome 272:283 the proteome 272:283 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 8 100 theme @ 2388:2388 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2389:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2381:2396 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 2 101 theme glycopeptides 570:582 arg1 purification 534:545 purification 534:545 purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides 534:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 8 102 theme PGMA 2224:2227 arg1 IDA-Ti4+ 2229:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ 2221:2236 CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2221:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 0 103 theme Polyglycerol 116:127 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 7 104 from μg 2152:2153 arg1 runs 2108:2111 two independent LC-MS/MS runs 2083:2111 two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 2083:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 1 105 theme of 207:208 arg1 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 PTMs 263:266 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 105 theme of 207:208 arg1 modifications 248:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications 203:260 two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome 203:283 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 105 theme of 207:208 arg1 glycosylation 168:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation 160:180 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 2 106 theme phosphopeptides 550:564 arg1 purification 534:545 purification 534:545 purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides 534:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 7 107 theme independent 2087:2097 arg1 runs 2108:2111 two independent LC-MS/MS runs 2083:2111 two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 2083:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 0 108 theme Chitosan 136:143 arg1 Nanomaterials 145:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials 67:157 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 5 109 theme CS 1197:1198 arg1 nanomaterials 1214:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 7 110 theme PNGase 1745:1750 arg1 treatment 1754:1762 PNGase F treatment 1745:1762 PNGase F treatment 1745:1762 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 8 111 theme great 2409:2413 arg1 applicability 2415:2427 great applicability 2409:2427 great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples 2409:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 1 112 theme diseases 391:398 arg1 diseases 391:398 diseases 391:398 diseases 391:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 112 theme diseases 391:398 arg1 variety 380:386 a variety 378:386 a variety of diseases 378:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 2 113 theme many 592:595 arg1 glycoproteins 597:609 many glycoproteins 592:609 many glycoproteins 592:609 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 8 114 theme clinical 2497:2504 arg1 samples 2506:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 clinical samples 2497:2512 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 6 115 theme outstanding 1471:1481 arg1 specificity 1483:1493 Its outstanding specificity 1467:1493 Its outstanding specificity 1467:1493 Its outstanding specificity and efficiency for purification of phosphopeptides is reflected in quantities as low as 1:5000 molar ratios of phosphopeptides which can be detected. 28609623 7 116 theme N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg1 MS 1873:1874 MS 1873:1874 MS 1873:1874 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 116 theme N-glycopeptides 1919:1933 arg1 total 1879:1883 a total 1877:1883 a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1877:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 2 117 gly glycopeptides 570:582 arg2 glycopeptides 570:582 glycopeptides 570:582 glycopeptides 570:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 4 118 theme affinity 1075:1082 arg1 chromatography 1084:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 118 theme affinity 1075:1082 arg1 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 7 119 with N-glycopeptides 1792:1806 arg1 eluents 1843:1849 different eluents 1833:1849 different eluents 1833:1849 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 0 120 theme N-Glycopeptides 26:40 arg1 Enrichment 12:21 Single-Step Enrichment 0:21 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 0:158 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 2 121 theme specific 489:496 arg1 methods 523:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods 482:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides 482:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 7 122 with phosphopeptides 1812:1826 arg1 eluents 1843:1849 different eluents 1833:1849 different eluents 1833:1849 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 3 123 theme novel 735:739 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 123 theme novel 735:739 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 8 124 gly N-glycopeptides 2267:2281 arg2 N-glycopeptides 2267:2281 N-glycopeptides 2267:2281 N-glycopeptides 2267:2281 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 0 125 theme Phosphopeptides 46:60 arg1 Enrichment 12:21 Single-Step Enrichment 0:21 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 0:158 Single-Step Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides with Novel Multifunctional Ti4+-Immobilized Dendritic Polyglycerol Coated Chitosan Nanomaterials. 28609623 5 126 theme outstanding 1243:1253 arg1 ability 1255:1261 an outstanding ability 1240:1261 an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment 1240:1312 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 7 127 from total 1879:1883 arg1 phosphopeptides 2001:2015 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides 1970:2015 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver 1970:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 127 from total 1879:1883 arg1 ID/μg 1980:1984 84.4 ID/μg 1975:1984 84.4 ID/μg 1975:1984 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 7 127 from total 1879:1883 arg1 glycoproteins 1952:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 235 different glycoproteins 1938:1964 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28609623 2 128 theme purification 534:545 arg1 methods 523:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods 482:529 highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides 482:582 Comprehensive characterization of the phosphoproteome and glycoproteome requires highly specific and sensitive enrichment methods of purification of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides because many glycoproteins and phosphoproteins naturally occur at low abundances and substoichiometry. 28609623 4 129 theme Ti 1020:1021 arg1 4+ 1023:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 Ti 4+ 1020:1024 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 1 130 from involvement 363:373 arg1 diseases 391:398 diseases 391:398 diseases 391:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 1 130 from involvement 363:373 arg1 variety 380:386 a variety 378:386 a variety of diseases 378:398 Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation, two of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the proteome, play a vital role in regulating a number of complex biological processes and involvement in a variety of diseases. 28609623 5 131 theme PGMA 1200:1203 arg1 nanomaterials 1214:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 8 132 theme single-step 2241:2251 arg1 enrichment 2253:2262 single-step enrichment 2241:2262 single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides 2241:2301 The results demonstrated that the method based on CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to single-step enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides is simple, efficient, specific, and compatible to MS. It can be expected that CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ would hold great applicability of modification-based proteomics to the precious and low amounts of clinical samples. 28609623 4 133 theme metal 1065:1069 arg1 chromatography 1084:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1053:1097 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 4 133 theme metal 1065:1069 arg1 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 IMAC 1100:1103 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 3 134 theme polyglycerol 783:794 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 134 theme polyglycerol 783:794 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 5 135 theme enrichment 1432:1441 arg1 % 1463:1463 above 75.4% 1453:1463 above 75.4% 1453:1463 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 135 theme enrichment 1432:1441 arg1 recovery 1443:1450 high enrichment recovery 1427:1450 high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%) 1427:1464 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 5 136 theme IDA-Ti4+ 1205:1212 arg1 nanomaterials 1214:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials 1193:1226 The CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ nanomaterials demonstrate an outstanding ability for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment simultaneously, evaluated by the extremely high binding capacity (150 mg g-1), sensitivity (above 0.1 fmol), and high enrichment recovery (above 75.4%). 28609623 4 137 theme interaction 1123:1133 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1111:1155 The polymer surface endows the nanomaterials with biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilic property, and a large amount of Ti 4+ which have the property of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based functional materials. 28609623 3 138 theme Ti4+-mmobilized 757:771 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 138 theme Ti4+-mmobilized 757:771 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 139 theme @ 803:803 arg1 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 CS 809:810 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 3 139 theme @ 803:803 arg1 IDA 804:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA 733:806 a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials 733:895 Here, we reported a facile route to fabricate a novel multifunctional Ti4+-mmobilized dentritic polyglycerol CS@PGMA@IDA (CS, chitosan; PGMA, poly(glycidyl methacrylate); IDA, iminodiacetic acid) nanomaterials. 28609623 7 140 theme mouse 2158:2162 arg1 liver 2164:2168 mouse liver 2158:2168 mouse liver 2158:2168 Furthermore, we used CS@PGMA@IDA-Ti4+ to enrich for N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides followed by PNGase F treatment, fractionated and separated N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with different eluents, and then analyzed by MS, a total of 423 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.525 ID/min) N-glycopeptides in 235 different glycoproteins and 422 (84.4 ID/μg, 3.517 ID/min) phosphopeptides in 256 different phosphoproteins which were finally identified in two independent LC-MS/MS runs (with a total time of 120 min) from 50 μg of mouse liver. 28204541 6 0 theme biotrophic 1289:1298 arg1 phase 1312:1316 the biotrophic interaction phase 1285:1316 the biotrophic interaction phase 1285:1316 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 2 1 theme Arabidopsis 310:320 arg1 mutant 356:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 4 2 from mobilization 728:739 arg1 deficient 685:693 deficient 685:693 deficient 685:693 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 0 3 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 5 4 theme pectin 953:958 arg1 epitopes 970:977 specific pectin and xylan epitopes 944:977 specific pectin and xylan epitopes 944:977 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 2 5 theme pgm 351:353 arg1 mutant 356:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 5 6 theme xylan 964:968 arg1 epitopes 970:977 specific pectin and xylan epitopes 944:977 specific pectin and xylan epitopes 944:977 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 4 7 theme starch 698:703 arg1 biosynthesis 705:716 starch biosynthesis 698:716 starch biosynthesis (adg1) 698:723 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 7 theme starch 698:703 arg1 adg1 719:722 adg1 719:722 adg1 719:722 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 0 8 theme starch 130:135 arg1 turnover 137:144 impaired starch turnover 121:144 impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants 121:167 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 3 9 theme wall 622:625 arg1 composition 642:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition 613:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm 613:659 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 5 10 theme relative 917:924 arg1 extractability 926:939 relative extractability 917:939 relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes 917:977 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 8 11 theme starch 1562:1567 arg1 metabolism 1569:1578 starch metabolism 1562:1578 starch metabolism 1562:1578 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 7 12 theme pectin 1509:1514 arg1 levels 1516:1521 increased pectin levels 1499:1521 increased pectin levels 1499:1521 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 7 13 theme hyphae 1452:1457 arg1 morphology 1431:1440 morphology 1431:1440 morphology 1431:1440 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 7 13 theme hyphae 1452:1457 arg1 frequency 1417:1425 penetration frequency 1405:1425 penetration frequency 1405:1425 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 4 14 theme affected 762:769 arg1 composition 781:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 3 15 theme pgm 657:659 arg1 composition 642:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition 613:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm 613:659 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 6 16 with mutants 1073:1079 arg1 alterations 1086:1096 alterations 1086:1096 alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides 1086:1161 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 7 17 theme pmr6 1481:1484 arg1 mutants 1486:1492 pmr5 pmr6 mutants 1476:1492 pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels 1476:1521 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 4 18 theme wall 776:779 arg1 composition 781:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 5 19 theme extensive 1012:1020 arg1 changes 1033:1039 extensive structural changes 1012:1039 extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls 1012:1057 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 5 20 theme Glycome 821:827 arg1 analysis 839:846 Glycome profiling analysis 821:846 Glycome profiling analysis 821:846 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 7 21 with mutants 1325:1331 arg1 mur8 1376:1379 mur8 1376:1379 mur8 1376:1379 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 7 21 with mutants 1325:1331 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 1354:1373 affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I 1338:1373 affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) 1338:1380 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 0 22 theme Colletotrichum 77:90 arg1 resistance 38:47 penetration resistance 26:47 penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum 26:103 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 8 23 theme wall 1588:1591 arg1 composition 1593:1603 cell wall composition 1583:1603 cell wall composition 1583:1603 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 8 24 theme cell 1659:1662 arg1 pectin 1669:1674 cell wall pectin 1659:1674 cell wall pectin 1659:1674 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 6 25 from alterations 1086:1096 arg1 content 1101:1107 content 1101:1107 content 1101:1107 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 6 25 from alterations 1086:1096 arg1 modification 1112:1123 modification 1112:1123 modification 1112:1123 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 7 26 theme affected 1338:1345 arg1 mur8 1376:1379 mur8 1376:1379 mur8 1376:1379 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 7 26 theme affected 1338:1345 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 1354:1373 affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I 1338:1373 affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) 1338:1380 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 2 27 theme Colletotrichum 433:446 arg1 higginsianum 448:459 the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 407:459 the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 407:459 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 5 28 theme wall 878:881 arg1 extractability 898:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 0 29 dep Colletotrichum 77:90 arg1 higginsianum 92:103 higginsianum 92:103 higginsianum 92:103 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 6 30 theme monosaccharides 1147:1161 arg1 content 1101:1107 content 1101:1107 content 1101:1107 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 6 30 theme monosaccharides 1147:1161 arg1 modification 1112:1123 modification 1112:1123 modification 1112:1123 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 3 31 theme epicuticular 515:526 arg1 composition 532:542 epicuticular wax composition 515:542 epicuticular wax composition 515:542 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 3 32 theme complex 590:596 arg1 alterations 598:608 complex alterations 590:608 complex alterations 590:608 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 5 33 theme pgm 1044:1046 arg1 walls 1053:1057 pgm cell walls 1044:1057 pgm cell walls 1044:1057 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 6 34 theme cell 1137:1140 arg1 monosaccharides 1147:1161 specific cell wall monosaccharides 1128:1161 specific cell wall monosaccharides 1128:1161 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 8 35 theme penetration 1680:1690 arg1 resistance 1692:1701 penetration resistance 1680:1701 penetration resistance 1680:1701 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 0 36 theme penetration 26:36 arg1 resistance 38:47 penetration resistance 26:47 penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum 26:103 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 0 37 theme fungal 61:66 arg1 pathogen 68:75 the fungal pathogen 57:75 the fungal pathogen 57:75 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 3 38 theme indolic 547:553 arg1 levels 569:574 indolic glucosinolate levels 547:574 indolic glucosinolate levels 547:574 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 5 39 theme overall 865:871 arg1 extractability 898:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 7 40 theme penetration 1405:1415 arg1 frequency 1417:1425 penetration frequency 1405:1425 penetration frequency 1405:1425 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 6 41 theme interaction 1300:1310 arg1 phase 1312:1316 the biotrophic interaction phase 1285:1316 the biotrophic interaction phase 1285:1316 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 8 42 from impact 1552:1557 arg1 composition 1593:1603 cell wall composition 1583:1603 cell wall composition 1583:1603 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 8 43 theme strong 1545:1550 arg1 impact 1552:1557 a strong impact 1543:1557 a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition 1543:1603 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 1 44 theme phytopathogenic 245:259 arg1 fungi 261:265 phytopathogenic fungi 245:265 phytopathogenic fungi 245:265 Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. 28204541 3 45 from changes 489:495 arg1 composition 532:542 epicuticular wax composition 515:542 epicuticular wax composition 515:542 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 3 45 from changes 489:495 arg1 cutin 505:509 leaf cutin 500:509 leaf cutin 500:509 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 3 45 from changes 489:495 arg1 levels 569:574 indolic glucosinolate levels 547:574 indolic glucosinolate levels 547:574 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 2 46 theme hemibiotrophic 411:424 arg1 higginsianum 448:459 the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 407:459 the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 407:459 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 5 47 from changes 1033:1039 arg1 walls 1053:1057 pgm cell walls 1044:1057 pgm cell walls 1044:1057 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 6 48 theme pectic 1198:1203 arg1 polymers 1205:1212 pectic polymers 1198:1212 pectic polymers 1198:1212 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 4 49 contain had 748:750 arg2 composition 781:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 49 contain had 748:750 arg2 resistance 809:818 penetration resistance 797:818 penetration resistance 797:818 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 49 contain had 748:750 arg1 mutants 677:683 other mutants 671:683 other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) 671:746 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 2 50 theme thaliana 322:329 arg1 mutant 356:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 2 51 theme penetration 376:386 arg1 resistance 388:397 impaired penetration resistance 367:397 impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 367:459 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 2 52 theme starch-deficient 293:308 arg1 mutant 356:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 5 53 theme specific 944:951 arg1 epitopes 970:977 specific pectin and xylan epitopes 944:977 specific pectin and xylan epitopes 944:977 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 6 54 theme higginsianum 1265:1276 arg1 function 1186:1193 an important function 1173:1193 an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum 1173:1276 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 7 55 with mutants 1486:1492 arg1 levels 1516:1521 increased pectin levels 1499:1521 increased pectin levels 1499:1521 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 3 56 theme monosaccharide 627:640 arg1 composition 642:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition 613:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm 613:659 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 1 57 theme first 208:212 arg1 level 214:218 the first level 204:218 the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi 204:265 Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. 28204541 3 58 theme cell 617:620 arg1 composition 642:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition 613:652 the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm 613:659 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 4 59 from biosynthesis 705:716 arg1 deficient 685:693 deficient 685:693 deficient 685:693 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 8 60 theme metabolism 1569:1578 arg1 impact 1552:1557 a strong impact 1543:1557 a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition 1543:1603 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 6 61 theme hyphal 1245:1250 arg1 growth 1252:1257 hyphal growth 1245:1257 hyphal growth 1245:1257 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 2 62 theme impaired 367:374 arg1 resistance 388:397 impaired penetration resistance 367:397 impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 367:459 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 0 63 theme Arabidopsis 149:159 arg1 mutants 161:167 Arabidopsis mutants 149:167 Arabidopsis mutants 149:167 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 1 64 theme defense 229:235 arg1 level 214:218 the first level 204:218 the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi 204:265 Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. 28204541 8 65 theme cell 1583:1586 arg1 composition 1593:1603 cell wall composition 1583:1603 cell wall composition 1583:1603 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 7 66 theme increased 1499:1507 arg1 levels 1516:1521 increased pectin levels 1499:1521 increased pectin levels 1499:1521 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 4 67 theme cell 771:774 arg1 composition 781:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 similarly affected cell wall composition 752:791 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 68 from deficient 685:693 arg1 biosynthesis 705:716 starch biosynthesis 698:716 starch biosynthesis (adg1) 698:723 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 68 from deficient 685:693 arg1 sex1 742:745 sex1 742:745 sex1 742:745 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 68 from deficient 685:693 arg1 adg1 719:722 adg1 719:722 adg1 719:722 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 4 68 from deficient 685:693 arg1 mobilization 728:739 mobilization 728:739 mobilization (sex1) 728:746 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 5 69 theme epitopes 970:977 arg1 extractability 926:939 relative extractability 917:939 relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes 917:977 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 5 69 theme epitopes 970:977 arg1 extractability 898:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 7 70 theme pmr5 1476:1479 arg1 mutants 1486:1492 pmr5 pmr6 mutants 1476:1492 pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels 1476:1521 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 5 71 theme profiling 829:837 arg1 analysis 839:846 Glycome profiling analysis 821:846 Glycome profiling analysis 821:846 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 2 72 contain has 363:365 arg1 mutant 356:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 2 72 contain has 363:365 arg2 resistance 388:397 impaired penetration resistance 367:397 impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 367:459 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 1 73 theme Penetration 170:180 arg1 resistance 182:191 Penetration resistance 170:191 Penetration resistance 170:191 Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. 28204541 8 74 theme carbohydrate 1632:1643 arg1 availability 1645:1656 carbohydrate availability 1632:1656 carbohydrate availability 1632:1656 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 5 75 theme cell 1048:1051 arg1 walls 1053:1057 pgm cell walls 1044:1057 pgm cell walls 1044:1057 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 2 76 theme phosphoglucomutase 331:348 arg1 mutant 356:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant 289:361 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 6 77 theme mutants 1073:1079 arg1 Screening 1060:1068 Screening 1060:1068 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides 1060:1161 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 0 78 theme impaired 121:128 arg1 turnover 137:144 impaired starch turnover 121:144 impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants 121:167 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 1 79 theme plant 223:227 arg1 defense 229:235 plant defense 223:235 plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi 223:265 Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. 28204541 6 80 theme important 1176:1184 arg1 function 1186:1193 an important function 1173:1193 an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum 1173:1276 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 8 81 theme wall 1664:1667 arg1 pectin 1669:1674 cell wall pectin 1659:1674 cell wall pectin 1659:1674 Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance. 28204541 3 82 theme leaf 500:503 arg1 cutin 505:509 leaf cutin 500:509 leaf cutin 500:509 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 5 83 theme cell 873:876 arg1 extractability 898:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 5 84 theme structural 1022:1031 arg1 changes 1033:1039 extensive structural changes 1012:1039 extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls 1012:1057 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 7 85 theme fungal 1445:1450 arg1 hyphae 1452:1457 fungal hyphae 1445:1457 fungal hyphae 1445:1457 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 2 86 theme fungus 426:431 arg1 higginsianum 448:459 the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 407:459 the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum 407:459 Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. 28204541 5 87 theme polysaccharide 883:896 arg1 extractability 898:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability 865:911 Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. 28204541 6 88 theme wall 1142:1145 arg1 monosaccharides 1147:1161 specific cell wall monosaccharides 1128:1161 specific cell wall monosaccharides 1128:1161 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 4 89 theme penetration 797:807 arg1 resistance 809:818 penetration resistance 797:818 penetration resistance 797:818 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 3 90 theme wax 528:530 arg1 composition 532:542 epicuticular wax composition 515:542 epicuticular wax composition 515:542 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 6 91 theme specific 1128:1135 arg1 monosaccharides 1147:1161 specific cell wall monosaccharides 1128:1161 specific cell wall monosaccharides 1128:1161 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 0 92 from turnover 137:144 arg1 mutants 161:167 Arabidopsis mutants 149:167 Arabidopsis mutants 149:167 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28204541 3 93 theme glucosinolate 555:567 arg1 levels 569:574 indolic glucosinolate levels 547:574 indolic glucosinolate levels 547:574 We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. 28204541 6 94 theme penetration 1218:1228 arg1 resistance 1230:1239 penetration resistance 1218:1239 penetration resistance 1218:1239 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 4 95 theme other 671:675 arg1 mutants 677:683 other mutants 671:683 other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) 671:746 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 6 96 theme polymers 1205:1212 arg1 function 1186:1193 an important function 1173:1193 an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum 1173:1276 Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. 28204541 7 97 theme pectic 1347:1352 arg1 mur8 1376:1379 mur8 1376:1379 mur8 1376:1379 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 7 97 theme pectic 1347:1352 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 1354:1373 affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I 1338:1373 affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) 1338:1380 While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. 28204541 4 98 theme deficient 685:693 arg1 mutants 677:683 other mutants 671:683 other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) 671:746 Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. 28204541 0 99 theme wall 5:8 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. 28189236 5 0 theme 4wt 804:806 arg1 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 0 theme 4wt 804:806 arg1 ZnO 820:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO 804:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) 804:830 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 3 1 theme excellent 538:546 arg1 stability 556:564 excellent thermal stability 538:564 excellent thermal stability 538:564 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 4 2 theme NC-ZnO 639:644 arg1 films 646:650 the previously designed NC-ZnO films 615:650 the previously designed NC-ZnO films 615:650 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 0 3 theme films 71:75 arg1 UV-blocking 30:40 UV-blocking 30:40 UV-blocking of transparent nanocellulose films 30:75 Use of carbon dots to enhance UV-blocking of transparent nanocellulose films. 28189236 3 4 theme thermal 548:554 arg1 stability 556:564 excellent thermal stability 538:564 excellent thermal stability 538:564 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 1 5 theme TEMPO 271:275 arg1 radical 278:284 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical 233:284 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical 233:284 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 6 6 theme film 1111:1114 arg1 value 1137:1141 the value 1133:1141 the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO 1133:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 6 theme film 1111:1114 arg1 UVR 1090:1092 the UVR 1086:1092 the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film 1086:1114 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 7 with film 1155:1158 arg1 s-ZnO 1184:1188 s-ZnO 1184:1188 s-ZnO 1184:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 7 with film 1155:1158 arg1 amount 1174:1179 the same amount 1165:1179 the same amount of s-ZnO 1165:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 5 8 from 300nm 835:839 arg1 % 859:859 92.74% 854:859 92.74% 854:859 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 8 from 300nm 835:839 arg1 UVR 773:775 the UVR 769:775 the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm 769:849 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 9 theme film 921:924 arg1 condition 894:902 the same condition 885:902 the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO) 885:1026 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 3 10 theme high 505:508 arg1 light 518:522 high visible light 505:522 high visible light transparency 505:535 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 3 11 theme enhanced 570:577 arg1 properties 591:600 enhanced UV-blocking properties 570:600 enhanced UV-blocking properties 570:600 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 5 12 theme CDs-ONC-b-ZnO 907:919 arg1 film 921:924 CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film 907:924 CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO) 907:1026 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 13 theme CDs-ONC-s-ZnO 780:792 arg1 film 794:797 CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film 780:797 CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) 780:830 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 14 theme same 889:892 arg1 condition 894:902 the same condition 885:902 the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO) 885:1026 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 3 15 theme UV-blocking 579:589 arg1 properties 591:600 enhanced UV-blocking properties 570:600 enhanced UV-blocking properties 570:600 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 3 16 theme as-obtained 465:475 arg1 films 489:493 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films 461:493 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films 461:493 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 5 17 theme % 807:807 arg1 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 17 theme % 807:807 arg1 ZnO 820:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO 804:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) 804:830 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 6 18 theme s-ZnO 1184:1188 arg1 s-ZnO 1184:1188 s-ZnO 1184:1188 s-ZnO 1184:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 18 theme s-ZnO 1184:1188 arg1 amount 1174:1179 the same amount 1165:1179 the same amount of s-ZnO 1165:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 5 19 theme film 794:797 arg1 % 859:859 92.74% 854:859 92.74% 854:859 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 19 theme film 794:797 arg1 UVR 773:775 the UVR 769:775 the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm 769:849 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 1 20 theme High-efficient 78:91 arg1 films 136:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films 78:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films 78:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 4 21 theme ratio 717:721 arg1 increase 693:700 significant increase 681:700 significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) 681:727 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 1 22 theme transparent 93:103 arg1 NC 132:133 NC 132:133 NC 132:133 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 22 theme transparent 93:103 arg1 nanocellulose 117:129 transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose 93:129 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films 78:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 2 23 theme bamboo 392:397 arg1 fibers 399:404 bamboo fibers 392:404 bamboo fibers 392:404 ONC nanofibrils were firstly extracted from bamboo fibers and subsequently prepared by applying TEMPO oxidation. 28189236 0 24 theme dots 14:17 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of carbon dots 0:17 Use of carbon dots to enhance UV-blocking of transparent nanocellulose films. 28189236 1 25 theme oxidized 295:302 arg1 nanocellulose 304:316 oxidized nanocellulose 295:316 oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) 295:322 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 25 theme oxidized 295:302 arg1 ONC 319:321 ONC 319:321 ONC 319:321 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 26 theme UV-blocking 105:115 arg1 NC 132:133 NC 132:133 NC 132:133 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 26 theme UV-blocking 105:115 arg1 nanocellulose 117:129 transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose 93:129 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films 78:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 2 27 theme TEMPO 444:448 arg1 oxidation 450:458 TEMPO oxidation 444:458 TEMPO oxidation 444:458 ONC nanofibrils were firstly extracted from bamboo fibers and subsequently prepared by applying TEMPO oxidation. 28189236 0 28 theme carbon 7:12 arg1 dots 14:17 carbon dots 7:17 carbon dots 7:17 Use of carbon dots to enhance UV-blocking of transparent nanocellulose films. 28189236 1 29 theme nanocellulose 117:129 arg1 films 136:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films 78:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films 78:140 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 30 theme carbon 214:219 arg1 CDs 227:229 CDs 227:229 CDs 227:229 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 30 theme carbon 214:219 arg1 dots 221:224 carbon dots 214:224 carbon dots (CDs) 214:230 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 5 31 theme sheet-like 809:818 arg1 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 31 theme sheet-like 809:818 arg1 ZnO 820:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO 804:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) 804:830 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 4 32 theme ZnO 754:756 arg1 amounts 743:749 the same amounts 734:749 the same amounts of ZnO 734:756 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 4 32 theme ZnO 754:756 arg1 ZnO 754:756 ZnO 754:756 ZnO 754:756 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 1 33 theme dots 221:224 arg1 composites 200:209 the composites 196:209 the composites of carbon dots (CDs) 196:230 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 1 33 theme dots 221:224 arg1 dots 221:224 carbon dots 214:224 carbon dots (CDs) 214:230 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 5 34 theme commercial 993:1002 arg1 p-ZnO 1021:1025 p-ZnO 1021:1025 p-ZnO 1021:1025 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 34 theme commercial 993:1002 arg1 ZnO 1016:1018 commercial particulate ZnO 993:1018 commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO) 993:1026 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 1 35 theme composites 200:209 arg1 pressured-extrusion 173:191 pressured-extrusion 173:191 pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs) 173:230 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 3 36 theme CDs-ONC-ZnO 477:487 arg1 films 489:493 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films 461:493 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films 461:493 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 4 37 theme designed 630:637 arg1 films 646:650 the previously designed NC-ZnO films 615:650 the previously designed NC-ZnO films 615:650 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 5 38 theme particulate 1004:1014 arg1 p-ZnO 1021:1025 p-ZnO 1021:1025 p-ZnO 1021:1025 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 38 theme particulate 1004:1014 arg1 ZnO 1016:1018 commercial particulate ZnO 993:1018 commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO) 993:1026 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 4 39 theme UV-blocking 705:715 arg1 UVR 724:726 UVR 724:726 UVR 724:726 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 4 39 theme UV-blocking 705:715 arg1 ratio 717:721 UV-blocking ratio 705:721 UV-blocking ratio (UVR) 705:727 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 6 40 theme % 1077:1077 arg1 p-ZnO 1079:1083 4wt% p-ZnO 1074:1083 4wt% p-ZnO 1074:1083 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 41 theme interesting 1032:1042 arg1 discovery 1044:1052 An interesting discovery 1029:1052 An interesting discovery 1029:1052 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 42 theme CDs-ONC-p-ZnO 1097:1109 arg1 film 1111:1114 CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film 1097:1114 CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film 1097:1114 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 5 43 from 225nm 845:849 arg1 % 859:859 92.74% 854:859 92.74% 854:859 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 43 from 225nm 845:849 arg1 UVR 773:775 the UVR 769:775 the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm 769:849 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 2 44 theme ONC 348:350 arg1 nanofibrils 352:362 ONC nanofibrils 348:362 ONC nanofibrils 348:362 ONC nanofibrils were firstly extracted from bamboo fibers and subsequently prepared by applying TEMPO oxidation. 28189236 1 45 theme ZnO 328:330 arg1 nanostructures 332:345 ZnO nanostructures 328:345 ZnO nanostructures 328:345 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 28189236 6 46 theme film 1155:1158 arg1 value 1137:1141 the value 1133:1141 the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO 1133:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 46 theme film 1155:1158 arg1 UVR 1090:1092 the UVR 1086:1092 the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film 1086:1114 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 5 47 theme CDs-ONC-p-ZnO 963:975 arg1 film 977:980 CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film 963:980 CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film 963:980 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 6 48 theme same 1169:1172 arg1 s-ZnO 1184:1188 s-ZnO 1184:1188 s-ZnO 1184:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 6 48 theme same 1169:1172 arg1 amount 1174:1179 the same amount 1165:1179 the same amount of s-ZnO 1165:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 3 49 theme visible 510:516 arg1 light 518:522 high visible light 505:522 high visible light transparency 505:535 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 5 50 theme belt-like 937:945 arg1 b-ZnO 952:956 b-ZnO 952:956 b-ZnO 952:956 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 50 theme belt-like 937:945 arg1 ZnO 947:949 belt-like ZnO 937:949 belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) 937:957 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 6 51 theme NC-s-ZnO 1146:1153 arg1 film 1155:1158 NC-s-ZnO film 1146:1158 NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO 1146:1188 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 3 52 theme light 518:522 arg1 transparency 524:535 high visible light transparency 505:535 high visible light transparency 505:535 The as-obtained CDs-ONC-ZnO films exhibited high visible light transparency, excellent thermal stability and enhanced UV-blocking properties. 28189236 4 53 theme CDs-ONC-ZnO 653:663 arg1 films 665:669 CDs-ONC-ZnO films 653:669 CDs-ONC-ZnO films 653:669 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 0 54 theme nanocellulose 57:69 arg1 films 71:75 transparent nanocellulose films 45:75 transparent nanocellulose films 45:75 Use of carbon dots to enhance UV-blocking of transparent nanocellulose films. 28189236 5 55 with film 794:797 arg1 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 s-ZnO 825:829 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 5 55 with film 794:797 arg1 ZnO 820:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO 804:822 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) 804:830 Moreover, the UVR of CDs-ONC-s-ZnO film with 4wt% sheet-like ZnO (s-ZnO) at 300nm and 225nm is 92.74% and 98.99%, better than the same condition of CDs-ONC-b-ZnO film added with belt-like ZnO (b-ZnO) and CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film added with commercial particulate ZnO (p-ZnO). 28189236 4 56 theme same 738:741 arg1 amounts 743:749 the same amounts 734:749 the same amounts of ZnO 734:756 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 4 56 theme same 738:741 arg1 ZnO 754:756 ZnO 754:756 ZnO 754:756 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 4 57 theme significant 681:691 arg1 increase 693:700 significant increase 681:700 significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) 681:727 Compared to the previously designed NC-ZnO films, CDs-ONC-ZnO films presented significant increase of UV-blocking ratio (UVR) with the same amounts of ZnO. 28189236 0 58 theme transparent 45:55 arg1 films 71:75 transparent nanocellulose films 45:75 transparent nanocellulose films 45:75 Use of carbon dots to enhance UV-blocking of transparent nanocellulose films. 28189236 6 59 theme 4wt 1074:1076 arg1 p-ZnO 1079:1083 4wt% p-ZnO 1074:1083 4wt% p-ZnO 1074:1083 An interesting discovery is that when adding 4wt% p-ZnO, the UVR of CDs-ONC-p-ZnO film is very close to the value of NC-s-ZnO film with the same amount of s-ZnO. 28189236 1 60 theme 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy 233:268 arg1 radical 278:284 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical 233:284 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical 233:284 High-efficient transparent UV-blocking nanocellulose (NC) films were successfully assembled by pressured-extrusion of the composites of carbon dots (CDs), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical mediated oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) and ZnO nanostructures. 26652456 3 0 from presence 385:392 arg1 surface 483:489 the nHA surface 475:489 the nHA surface 475:489 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 1 1 theme hydroxyapatite 138:151 arg1 nHA 169:171 nHA 169:171 nHA 169:171 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 1 1 theme hydroxyapatite 138:151 arg1 nano-particles 153:166 hydroxyapatite nano-particles 138:166 hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) 138:172 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 1 2 theme PCL/chitosan 231:242 arg1 blends 244:249 PCL/chitosan blends 231:249 PCL/chitosan blends 231:249 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 7 3 theme DSC 944:946 arg1 measurements 948:959 DSC measurements 944:959 DSC measurements 944:959 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 1 4 theme nano-particles 153:166 arg1 effect 128:133 The effect 124:133 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends 124:249 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 1 5 theme blends 244:249 arg1 properties 217:226 rheological and thermal properties 193:226 properties 217:226 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 1 5 theme blends 244:249 arg1 morphology 177:186 morphology 177:186 morphology 177:186 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 8 6 theme greater 1186:1192 arg1 stability 1202:1210 a greater thermal stability 1184:1210 a greater thermal stability 1184:1210 Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites exhibited a greater thermal stability compared to the nHA-free blends. 26652456 6 7 theme shear 883:887 arg1 moduli 889:894 shear moduli 883:894 shear moduli 883:894 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 6 8 theme dynamic 779:785 arg1 measurements 799:810 dynamic rheological measurements 779:810 dynamic rheological measurements 779:810 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 6 9 from measurements 799:810 arg1 Results 766:772 Results 766:772 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model 766:837 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 1 10 from effect 128:133 arg1 properties 217:226 rheological and thermal properties 193:226 properties 217:226 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 1 10 from effect 128:133 arg1 morphology 177:186 morphology 177:186 morphology 177:186 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 3 11 theme interaction 411:421 arg1 presence 385:392 The presence 381:392 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface 381:489 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 12 theme amide 431:435 arg1 chitosan 446:453 chitosan 446:453 chitosan 446:453 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 12 theme amide 431:435 arg1 groups 465:470 ionic groups 459:470 ionic groups 459:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 12 theme amide 431:435 arg1 sites 437:441 amide sites 431:441 amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups 431:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 5 13 theme polymer-nano-particle 709:729 arg1 network 731:737 the polymer-nano-particle network 705:737 the polymer-nano-particle network 705:737 Lack of implementation of Cox-Merz theory for this system shows that the polymer-nano-particle network is destructed by the flow. 26652456 6 14 theme nHA 865:867 arg1 presence 853:860 the presence 849:860 the presence of nHA 849:867 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 6 15 dep moduli 889:894 arg1 the 879:881 the 879:881 the 879:881 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 4 16 theme PCL 625:627 arg1 phase 629:633 the PCL phase 621:633 the PCL phase 621:633 It is shown that the chitosan phase is thermodynamically more favorable for the nano-particles to reside than the PCL phase. 26652456 6 17 theme blends 936:941 arg1 moduli 889:894 shear moduli 883:894 shear moduli 883:894 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 6 17 theme blends 936:941 arg1 time 911:914 relaxation time 900:914 relaxation time 900:914 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 7 18 theme PCL/chitosan 1079:1090 arg1 blends 1092:1097 the PCL/chitosan blends 1075:1097 the PCL/chitosan blends 1075:1097 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 8 19 theme PCL/chitosan/nHA 1141:1156 arg1 nano-composites 1158:1172 the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites 1137:1172 the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites 1137:1172 Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites exhibited a greater thermal stability compared to the nHA-free blends. 26652456 5 20 theme implementation 644:657 arg1 Lack 636:639 Lack 636:639 Lack of implementation of Cox-Merz theory for this system 636:692 Lack of implementation of Cox-Merz theory for this system shows that the polymer-nano-particle network is destructed by the flow. 26652456 2 21 theme AFM 369:371 arg1 images 373:378 AFM images 369:378 AFM images 369:378 The tendency of nHA to reside in the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase is determined using SEM and AFM images. 26652456 7 22 theme blends 1092:1097 arg1 melting 1028:1034 melting 1028:1034 melting 1028:1034 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 7 22 theme blends 1092:1097 arg1 characteristics 1056:1070 crystallization characteristics 1040:1070 crystallization characteristics 1040:1070 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 8 23 theme nHA-free 1228:1235 arg1 blends 1237:1242 the nHA-free blends 1224:1242 the nHA-free blends 1224:1242 Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites exhibited a greater thermal stability compared to the nHA-free blends. 26652456 8 24 theme thermal 1194:1200 arg1 stability 1202:1210 a greater thermal stability 1184:1210 a greater thermal stability 1184:1210 Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites exhibited a greater thermal stability compared to the nHA-free blends. 26652456 0 25 theme blends 116:121 arg1 behavior 76:83 thermal behavior 68:83 thermal behavior 68:83 Effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles on morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends. 26652456 0 25 theme blends 116:121 arg1 morphology 43:52 morphology 43:52 morphology 43:52 Effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles on morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends. 26652456 0 25 theme blends 116:121 arg1 rheology 55:62 rheology 55:62 rheology 55:62 Effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles on morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends. 26652456 0 26 theme hydroxyapatite 10:23 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of hydroxyapatite 0:23 Effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles on morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends. 26652456 4 27 theme chitosan 532:539 arg1 phase 541:545 the chitosan phase 528:545 the chitosan phase 528:545 It is shown that the chitosan phase is thermodynamically more favorable for the nano-particles to reside than the PCL phase. 26652456 4 27 theme chitosan 532:539 arg1 favorable 573:581 favorable 573:581 favorable 573:581 It is shown that the chitosan phase is thermodynamically more favorable for the nano-particles to reside than the PCL phase. 26652456 0 28 theme /chitosan 106:114 arg1 blends 116:121 poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends 88:121 poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends 88:121 Effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles on morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends. 26652456 2 29 theme nHA 285:287 arg1 tendency 273:280 The tendency 269:280 The tendency of nHA to reside in the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase 269:339 The tendency of nHA to reside in the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase is determined using SEM and AFM images. 26652456 3 30 theme ionic 459:463 arg1 groups 465:470 ionic groups 459:470 ionic groups 459:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 31 theme nHA 479:481 arg1 surface 483:489 the nHA surface 475:489 the nHA surface 475:489 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 7 32 theme crystallization 1040:1054 arg1 characteristics 1056:1070 crystallization characteristics 1040:1070 crystallization characteristics 1040:1070 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 3 33 theme electrostatic 397:409 arg1 interaction 411:421 electrostatic interaction 397:421 electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups 397:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 6 34 theme PCL/chitosan 923:934 arg1 blends 936:941 the PCL/chitosan blends 919:941 the PCL/chitosan blends 919:941 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 3 35 attach presence 385:392 arg2 interaction 411:421 electrostatic interaction 397:421 electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups 397:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 35 attach presence 385:392 arg1 surface 483:489 the nHA surface 475:489 the nHA surface 475:489 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 36 theme chitosan 446:453 arg1 chitosan 446:453 chitosan 446:453 chitosan 446:453 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 36 theme chitosan 446:453 arg1 groups 465:470 ionic groups 459:470 ionic groups 459:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 36 theme chitosan 446:453 arg1 sites 437:441 amide sites 431:441 amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups 431:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 6 37 from model 833:837 arg1 Results 766:772 Results 766:772 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model 766:837 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 8 38 theme thermogravimetric 1109:1125 arg1 analysis 1127:1134 thermogravimetric analysis 1109:1134 thermogravimetric analysis 1109:1134 Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the PCL/chitosan/nHA nano-composites exhibited a greater thermal stability compared to the nHA-free blends. 26652456 3 39 theme groups 465:470 arg1 chitosan 446:453 chitosan 446:453 chitosan 446:453 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 39 theme groups 465:470 arg1 groups 465:470 ionic groups 459:470 ionic groups 459:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 3 39 theme groups 465:470 arg1 sites 437:441 amide sites 431:441 amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups 431:470 The presence of electrostatic interaction between amide sites of chitosan and ionic groups on the nHA surface was proved by FTIR. 26652456 2 40 theme chitosan 326:333 arg1 phase 335:339 the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase 302:339 the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase 302:339 The tendency of nHA to reside in the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase is determined using SEM and AFM images. 26652456 6 41 theme fractional 822:831 arg1 model 833:837 Zener fractional model 816:837 Zener fractional model 816:837 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 6 42 theme rheological 787:797 arg1 measurements 799:810 dynamic rheological measurements 779:810 dynamic rheological measurements 779:810 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 2 43 theme submicron-dispersed 306:324 arg1 phase 335:339 the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase 302:339 the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase 302:339 The tendency of nHA to reside in the submicron-dispersed chitosan phase is determined using SEM and AFM images. 26652456 7 44 from increase 1016:1023 arg1 melting 1028:1034 melting 1028:1034 melting 1028:1034 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 7 44 from increase 1016:1023 arg1 characteristics 1056:1070 crystallization characteristics 1040:1070 crystallization characteristics 1040:1070 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 5 45 theme Cox-Merz 662:669 arg1 theory 671:676 Cox-Merz theory 662:676 Cox-Merz theory 662:676 Lack of implementation of Cox-Merz theory for this system shows that the polymer-nano-particle network is destructed by the flow. 26652456 6 46 theme Zener 816:820 arg1 model 833:837 Zener fractional model 816:837 Zener fractional model 816:837 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 7 47 theme nHA 973:975 arg1 nano-particles 977:990 nHA nano-particles 973:990 nHA nano-particles 973:990 DSC measurements showed that nHA nano-particles are responsible for the increase in melting and crystallization characteristics of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 1 48 theme thermal 209:215 arg1 properties 217:226 rheological and thermal properties 193:226 properties 217:226 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 0 49 theme thermal 68:74 arg1 behavior 76:83 thermal behavior 68:83 thermal behavior 68:83 Effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles on morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of poly(caprolactone)/chitosan blends. 26652456 1 50 theme rheological 193:203 arg1 properties 217:226 rheological and thermal properties 193:226 properties 217:226 The effect of hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nHA) on morphology, and rheological and thermal properties of PCL/chitosan blends was investigated. 26652456 6 51 theme relaxation 900:909 arg1 time 911:914 relaxation time 900:914 relaxation time 900:914 Results from dynamic rheological measurements and Zener fractional model show that the presence of nHA increases the shear moduli and relaxation time of the PCL/chitosan blends. 26652456 5 52 theme theory 671:676 arg1 implementation 644:657 implementation 644:657 implementation of Cox-Merz theory 644:676 Lack of implementation of Cox-Merz theory for this system shows that the polymer-nano-particle network is destructed by the flow. 27303415 7 0 theme growth 1539:1544 arg1 characteristics 1546:1560 plant growth characteristics 1533:1560 plant growth characteristics 1533:1560 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 6 1 theme sugars 1296:1301 arg1 sugars 1296:1301 sugars 1296:1301 sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1296:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 6 1 theme sugars 1296:1301 arg1 amounts 1285:1291 the amounts 1281:1291 the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1281:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 9 2 theme wall 1974:1977 arg1 composition 1979:1989 cell wall composition 1969:1989 cell wall composition 1969:1989 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 11 3 theme crop 2561:2564 arg1 grasses 2566:2572 bioenergy crop grasses 2551:2572 bioenergy crop grasses 2551:2572 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 3 4 theme cell 598:601 arg1 differences 620:630 cell wall composition differences 598:630 cell wall composition differences 598:630 However, cell wall composition differences remain underexplored. 27303415 8 5 theme free-sugars 1752:1762 arg1 content 1764:1770 free-sugars content 1752:1770 free-sugars content 1752:1770 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 1 6 theme crop 283:286 arg1 grasses 288:294 bioenergy crop grasses 273:294 bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 273:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 7 7 theme lignin 1509:1514 arg1 accumulation 1578:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 7 theme lignin 1509:1514 arg1 compositions 1516:1527 inbred line lignin compositions 1497:1527 inbred line lignin compositions 1497:1527 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 7 theme lignin 1509:1514 arg1 date 1603:1606 heading date 1595:1606 heading date (HD) 1595:1611 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 11 8 theme natural 2470:2476 arg1 variation 2478:2486 this natural variation 2465:2486 this natural variation 2465:2486 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 7 9 theme inbred 1497:1502 arg1 accumulation 1578:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 9 theme inbred 1497:1502 arg1 compositions 1516:1527 inbred line lignin compositions 1497:1527 inbred line lignin compositions 1497:1527 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 9 theme inbred 1497:1502 arg1 date 1603:1606 heading date 1595:1606 heading date (HD) 1595:1611 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 10 10 theme free 2214:2217 arg1 accumulation 2226:2237 free sugars accumulation 2214:2237 free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines 2214:2271 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 1 11 theme useful 192:197 arg1 system 205:210 a useful model system 190:210 a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 190:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 6 12 attach released 1303:1310 arg1 polysaccharides 1327:1341 cell wall polysaccharides 1317:1341 cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) 1317:1357 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 6 12 attach released 1303:1310 arg1 digestibility 1344:1356 digestibility 1344:1356 digestibility 1344:1356 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 6 12 attach released 1303:1310 arg2 sugars 1296:1301 sugars 1296:1301 sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1296:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 4 13 theme relevant 702:709 arg1 traits 695:700 cell wall-related traits 677:700 cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 677:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 0 14 theme Lines 129:133 arg1 Lines 129:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 0 14 theme Lines 129:133 arg1 Set 91:93 a Genotypically Diverse Set 67:93 a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 67:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 1 15 theme resources 407:415 arg1 availability 359:370 the availability 355:370 the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 355:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 1 15 theme resources 407:415 arg1 experimentation 335:349 laboratory experimentation 324:349 laboratory experimentation 324:349 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 3 16 theme composition 608:618 arg1 differences 620:630 cell wall composition differences 598:630 cell wall composition differences 598:630 However, cell wall composition differences remain underexplored. 27303415 7 17 theme digestibility 1675:1687 arg1 polysaccharides 1647:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 17 theme digestibility 1675:1687 arg1 digestibility 1675:1687 biomass digestibility 1667:1687 biomass digestibility 1667:1687 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 17 theme digestibility 1675:1687 arg1 amounts 1626:1632 amounts 1626:1632 amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility 1626:1687 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 10 18 theme wall 2193:2196 arg1 composition 2198:2208 cell wall composition 2188:2208 cell wall composition 2188:2208 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 9 19 theme compositional 2028:2040 arg1 differences 2042:2052 some compositional differences 2023:2052 some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics 2023:2092 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 4 20 theme biomass 714:720 arg1 conversion 722:731 biomass conversion 714:731 biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 714:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 10 21 theme sugars 2219:2224 arg1 accumulation 2226:2237 free sugars accumulation 2214:2237 free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines 2214:2271 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 8 22 theme vernalization 1821:1833 arg1 duration 1809:1816 increased duration 1799:1816 increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines 1799:1855 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 5 23 link polysaccharide-derived 1066:1087 arg1 sugars 1089:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 10 24 theme genetic 2285:2291 arg1 differences 2293:2303 genetic differences 2285:2303 genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides 2285:2363 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 6 25 theme wall 1322:1325 arg1 digestibility 1344:1356 digestibility 1344:1356 digestibility 1344:1356 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 6 25 theme wall 1322:1325 arg1 polysaccharides 1327:1341 cell wall polysaccharides 1317:1341 cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) 1317:1357 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 7 26 theme wall 1642:1645 arg1 polysaccharides 1647:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 9 27 theme growth 2071:2076 arg1 characteristics 2078:2092 growth characteristics 2071:2092 growth characteristics 2071:2092 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 5 28 theme significant 991:1001 arg1 differences 1003:1013 significant differences 991:1013 significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 991:1182 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 10 29 theme cell 2188:2191 arg1 composition 2198:2208 cell wall composition 2188:2208 cell wall composition 2188:2208 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 4 30 theme Brachypodium 754:765 arg1 lines 774:778 seven Brachypodium inbred lines 748:778 seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 748:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 6 31 theme pretreatments 1402:1414 arg1 panel 1378:1382 a panel 1376:1382 a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1376:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 5 32 theme leaf 951:954 arg1 sheaths 956:962 leaf sheaths 951:962 leaf sheaths 951:962 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 2 33 theme vernalization 518:530 arg1 responsiveness 532:545 vernalization responsiveness 518:545 vernalization responsiveness 518:545 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 5 34 dep differences 1003:1013 arg1 guaiacyl 1137:1144 guaiacyl 1137:1144 significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 991:1182 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 34 dep differences 1003:1013 arg1 ratios 1177:1182 p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 1146:1182 significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 991:1182 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 0 35 theme Diverse 83:89 arg1 Lines 129:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 0 35 theme Diverse 83:89 arg1 Set 91:93 a Genotypically Diverse Set 67:93 a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 67:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 4 36 theme genotypic 826:834 arg1 diversity 836:844 genotypic diversity 826:844 genotypic diversity 826:844 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 10 37 from composition 2198:2208 arg1 lines 2267:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 1 38 theme extensive 375:383 arg1 resources 407:415 extensive genetic and germplasm resources 375:415 extensive genetic and germplasm resources 375:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 5 39 theme lignin 1041:1046 arg1 ABSL 1049:1052 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 2 40 theme above-ground 552:563 arg1 characteristics 572:586 above-ground growth characteristics 552:586 above-ground growth characteristics 552:586 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 10 41 theme carbon 2334:2339 arg1 flux 2341:2344 carbon flux 2334:2344 carbon flux to polysaccharides 2334:2363 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 2 42 theme natural 431:437 arg1 variation 439:447 Considerable natural variation 418:447 Considerable natural variation 418:447 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 0 43 theme distachyon 111:120 arg1 Lines 129:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 0 44 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 Composition 10:20 Cell Wall Composition 0:20 Cell Wall Composition 0:20 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 7 45 theme heading 1595:1601 arg1 HD 1609:1610 HD 1609:1610 HD 1609:1610 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 45 theme heading 1595:1601 arg1 date 1603:1606 heading date 1595:1606 heading date (HD) 1595:1611 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 5 46 theme bromide 1025:1031 arg1 ABSL 1049:1052 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 6 47 theme enzymatic 1439:1447 arg1 digestion 1449:1457 hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1428:1457 hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1428:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 0 48 theme Biomass 26:32 arg1 Recalcitrance 34:46 Biomass Recalcitrance 26:46 Biomass Recalcitrance 26:46 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 4 49 theme inbred 900:905 arg1 populations 918:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 1 50 theme laboratory 324:333 arg1 experimentation 335:349 laboratory experimentation 324:349 laboratory experimentation 324:349 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 5 51 theme hydroxycinnamates 1097:1113 arg1 content 1115:1121 hydroxycinnamates content 1097:1121 hydroxycinnamates content 1097:1121 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 9 52 theme substantial 1920:1930 arg1 variation 1943:1951 substantial phenotypic variation 1920:1951 substantial phenotypic variation 1920:1951 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 5 53 dep S 1163:1163 arg1 H 1167:1167 H 1167:1167 S:G:H 1163:1167 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 53 dep S 1163:1163 arg1 G 1165:1165 G 1165:1165 S:G:H 1163:1167 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 54 dep p-hydroxyphenyl 1146:1160 arg1 S 1163:1163 S 1163:1163 S:G:H 1163:1167 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 4 55 theme genome 867:872 arg1 sequences 874:882 available genome sequences 857:882 available genome sequences 857:882 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 8 56 theme cell 1704:1707 arg1 p-coumarate 1714:1724 stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents 1699:1746 p-coumarate 1714:1724 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 7 57 theme plant 1533:1537 arg1 characteristics 1546:1560 plant growth characteristics 1533:1560 plant growth characteristics 1533:1560 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 5 58 theme wall 1061:1064 arg1 sugars 1089:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 11 59 theme variation 2478:2486 arg1 dissection 2451:2460 the genetic and molecular dissection 2425:2460 the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses 2425:2572 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 11 59 theme variation 2478:2486 arg1 knowledge 2493:2501 the knowledge 2489:2501 the knowledge 2489:2501 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 4 60 theme cell 677:680 arg1 traits 695:700 cell wall-related traits 677:700 cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 677:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 6 61 dep did 1277:1279 arg1 as 1274:1275 as 1274:1275 as 1274:1275 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 9 62 theme cell 1969:1972 arg1 composition 1979:1989 cell wall composition 1969:1989 cell wall composition 1969:1989 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 8 63 theme ferulate 1730:1737 arg1 contents 1739:1746 stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents 1699:1746 contents 1739:1746 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 1 64 theme bioenergy 273:281 arg1 grasses 288:294 bioenergy crop grasses 273:294 bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 273:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 7 65 theme line 1504:1507 arg1 accumulation 1578:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 65 theme line 1504:1507 arg1 compositions 1516:1527 inbred line lignin compositions 1497:1527 inbred line lignin compositions 1497:1527 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 65 theme line 1504:1507 arg1 date 1603:1606 heading date 1595:1606 heading date (HD) 1595:1611 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 11 66 theme populations 2398:2408 arg1 availability 2370:2381 The availability 2366:2381 The availability of related RIL populations 2366:2408 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 11 67 theme RIL 2394:2396 arg1 populations 2398:2408 related RIL populations 2386:2408 related RIL populations 2386:2408 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 4 68 from biofuels 736:743 arg1 lines 774:778 seven Brachypodium inbred lines 748:778 seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 748:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 4 69 theme line 907:910 arg1 populations 918:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 9 70 theme biomass 1995:2001 arg1 digestibility 2003:2015 biomass digestibility 1995:2015 biomass digestibility 1995:2015 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 5 71 theme Senesced 931:938 arg1 stems 940:944 Senesced stems 931:944 Senesced stems 931:944 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 4 72 theme RIL 913:915 arg1 populations 918:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 6 73 theme Free 1185:1188 arg1 glucose 1190:1196 Free glucose 1185:1196 Free glucose 1185:1196 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 3 74 theme wall 603:606 arg1 differences 620:630 cell wall composition differences 598:630 cell wall composition differences 598:630 However, cell wall composition differences remain underexplored. 27303415 1 75 theme model 199:203 arg1 system 205:210 a useful model system 190:210 a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 190:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 7 76 theme biomass 1667:1673 arg1 digestibility 1675:1687 biomass digestibility 1667:1687 biomass digestibility 1667:1687 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 10 77 theme Brachypodium 2247:2258 arg1 lines 2267:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 8 78 theme increased 1799:1807 arg1 duration 1809:1816 increased duration 1799:1816 increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines 1799:1855 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 7 79 theme polysaccharides 1647:1661 arg1 polysaccharides 1647:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 79 theme polysaccharides 1647:1661 arg1 digestibility 1675:1687 biomass digestibility 1667:1687 biomass digestibility 1667:1687 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 7 79 theme polysaccharides 1647:1661 arg1 amounts 1626:1632 amounts 1626:1632 amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility 1626:1687 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 6 80 theme senesced 1258:1265 arg1 stems 1267:1271 senesced stems 1258:1271 senesced stems 1258:1271 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 11 81 theme bioenergy 2551:2559 arg1 grasses 2566:2572 bioenergy crop grasses 2551:2572 bioenergy crop grasses 2551:2572 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 5 82 theme p-hydroxyphenyl 1146:1160 arg1 ratios 1177:1182 p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 1146:1182 significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 991:1182 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 7 83 theme cell 1637:1640 arg1 polysaccharides 1647:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 cell wall polysaccharides 1637:1661 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 6 84 theme cell 1317:1320 arg1 digestibility 1344:1356 digestibility 1344:1356 digestibility 1344:1356 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 6 84 theme cell 1317:1320 arg1 polysaccharides 1327:1341 cell wall polysaccharides 1317:1341 cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) 1317:1357 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 1 85 theme Brachypodium 136:147 arg1 Brachypodium 161:172 Brachypodium 161:172 Brachypodium 161:172 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 1 85 theme Brachypodium 136:147 arg1 distachyon 149:158 Brachypodium distachyon 136:158 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) 136:173 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 10 86 theme inbred 2260:2265 arg1 lines 2267:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 0 87 theme Genotypically 69:81 arg1 Lines 129:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 0 87 theme Genotypically 69:81 arg1 Set 91:93 a Genotypically Diverse Set 67:93 a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 67:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 8 88 theme inbred 1844:1849 arg1 lines 1851:1855 some inbred lines 1839:1855 some inbred lines 1839:1855 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 6 89 theme starch 1212:1217 arg1 content 1219:1225 starch content 1212:1225 starch content 1212:1225 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 6 90 theme thermochemical 1387:1400 arg1 pretreatments 1402:1414 thermochemical pretreatments 1387:1414 thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1387:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 4 91 theme inbred 767:772 arg1 lines 774:778 seven Brachypodium inbred lines 748:778 seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 748:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 0 92 theme Brachypodium 98:109 arg1 Lines 129:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 5 93 theme lignin 1170:1175 arg1 ratios 1177:1182 p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 1146:1182 significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios 991:1182 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 94 theme soluble 1033:1039 arg1 ABSL 1049:1052 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 2 95 theme growth 565:570 arg1 characteristics 572:586 above-ground growth characteristics 552:586 above-ground growth characteristics 552:586 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 10 96 theme biomass 2132:2138 arg1 accumulation 2140:2151 biomass accumulation 2132:2151 biomass accumulation 2132:2151 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 0 97 theme Inbred 122:127 arg1 Lines 129:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines 98:133 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 1 98 theme genetic 385:391 arg1 resources 407:415 extensive genetic and germplasm resources 375:415 extensive genetic and germplasm resources 375:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 8 99 theme wall 1709:1712 arg1 p-coumarate 1714:1724 stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents 1699:1746 p-coumarate 1714:1724 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 4 100 theme diversity 836:844 arg1 level 817:821 their high level 806:821 their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 806:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 4 100 theme diversity 836:844 arg1 populations 918:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 888:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 4 100 theme diversity 836:844 arg1 sequences 874:882 available genome sequences 857:882 available genome sequences 857:882 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 2 101 theme Considerable 418:429 arg1 variation 439:447 Considerable natural variation 418:447 Considerable natural variation 418:447 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 0 102 theme Wall 5:8 arg1 Composition 10:20 Cell Wall Composition 0:20 Cell Wall Composition 0:20 Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines. 27303415 1 103 theme germplasm 397:405 arg1 resources 407:415 extensive genetic and germplasm resources 375:415 extensive genetic and germplasm resources 375:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 5 104 from lines 975:979 arg1 stems 940:944 Senesced stems 931:944 Senesced stems 931:944 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 105 theme acetyl 1018:1023 arg1 ABSL 1049:1052 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 11 106 theme genetic 2429:2435 arg1 dissection 2451:2460 the genetic and molecular dissection 2425:2460 the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses 2425:2572 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 4 107 theme high 812:815 arg1 level 817:821 their high level 806:821 their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 806:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 5 108 theme polysaccharide-derived 1066:1087 arg1 sugars 1089:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 2 109 theme flowering 502:510 arg1 time 512:515 flowering time 502:515 flowering time 502:515 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 6 110 theme hydrolytic 1428:1437 arg1 digestion 1449:1457 hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1428:1457 hydrolytic enzymatic digestion 1428:1457 Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. 27303415 2 111 theme traits 485:490 arg1 variety 474:480 a variety 472:480 a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics 472:586 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 2 111 theme traits 485:490 arg1 responsiveness 532:545 vernalization responsiveness 518:545 vernalization responsiveness 518:545 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 2 111 theme traits 485:490 arg1 time 512:515 flowering time 502:515 flowering time 502:515 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 2 111 theme traits 485:490 arg1 traits 485:490 traits 485:490 traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics 485:586 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 2 111 theme traits 485:490 arg1 characteristics 572:586 above-ground growth characteristics 552:586 above-ground growth characteristics 552:586 Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. 27303415 10 112 from accumulation 2226:2237 arg1 lines 2267:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 some Brachypodium inbred lines 2242:2271 Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. 27303415 8 113 theme stem 1699:1702 arg1 p-coumarate 1714:1724 stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents 1699:1746 p-coumarate 1714:1724 Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. 27303415 7 114 theme biomass 1570:1576 arg1 accumulation 1578:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 biomass accumulation 1570:1589 Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. 27303415 9 115 theme phenotypic 1932:1941 arg1 variation 1943:1951 substantial phenotypic variation 1920:1951 substantial phenotypic variation 1920:1951 Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. 27303415 11 116 theme related 2386:2392 arg1 populations 2398:2408 related RIL populations 2386:2408 related RIL populations 2386:2408 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 5 117 from differences 1003:1013 arg1 sugars 1089:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 117 from differences 1003:1013 arg1 content 1115:1121 hydroxycinnamates content 1097:1121 hydroxycinnamates content 1097:1121 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 117 from differences 1003:1013 arg1 syringyl 1128:1135 syringyl 1128:1135 syringyl 1128:1135 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 5 117 from differences 1003:1013 arg1 ABSL 1049:1052 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL) 1018:1053 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 1 118 theme unique 232:237 arg1 traits 225:230 traits 225:230 traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 225:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 5 119 theme cell 1056:1059 arg1 sugars 1089:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars 1056:1094 Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. 27303415 11 120 theme molecular 2441:2449 arg1 dissection 2451:2460 the genetic and molecular dissection 2425:2460 the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses 2425:2572 The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses. 27303415 4 121 theme wall-related 682:693 arg1 traits 695:700 cell wall-related traits 677:700 cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations 677:928 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 4 122 theme available 857:865 arg1 sequences 874:882 available genome sequences 857:882 available genome sequences 857:882 Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. 27303415 1 123 theme graminaceous 242:253 arg1 grasses 288:294 bioenergy crop grasses 273:294 bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 273:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 27303415 1 123 theme graminaceous 242:253 arg1 species 255:261 graminaceous species 242:261 graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources 242:415 Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. 25062034 5 0 with consistent 890:899 arg1 modeling 928:935 process-based forward modeling 906:935 process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 906:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 1 1 theme information 161:171 arg1 trees 103:107 Long-lived trees 92:107 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia 92:133 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 1 theme information 161:171 arg1 source 151:156 a potential source 139:156 a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 139:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 2 theme false 1049:1053 arg1 ring 1062:1065 a false growth ring 1047:1065 a false growth ring in one of the three samples 1047:1093 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 3 attach presence 1035:1042 arg2 ring 1062:1065 a false growth ring 1047:1065 a false growth ring in one of the three samples 1047:1093 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 3 attach presence 1035:1042 arg1 record 1112:1117 the composite record 1098:1117 the composite record 1098:1117 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 4 4 theme ENSO 859:862 arg1 activity 864:871 ENSO activity 859:871 ENSO activity 859:871 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 5 from ring 1062:1065 arg1 samples 1087:1093 the three samples 1077:1093 the three samples 1077:1093 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 5 from ring 1062:1065 arg1 one 1070:1072 one 1070:1072 one 1070:1072 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 4 6 theme significant 770:780 arg1 correlation 782:792 significant correlation 770:792 significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity 770:871 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 7 from middle 1206:1211 arg1 consequence 1159:1169 a consequence 1157:1169 a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season 1157:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 0 8 from δ18O 0:3 arg1 robusta 37:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 δ18O in the tropical conifer Agathis robusta records ENSO-related precipitation variations. 25062034 6 9 theme season 1233:1238 arg1 middle 1206:1211 the middle 1202:1211 the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season 1202:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 10 theme rainfall 1190:1197 arg1 consequence 1159:1169 a consequence 1157:1169 a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season 1157:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 3 11 theme Standard 540:547 arg1 chronologies 560:571 Standard ring-width chronologies 540:571 Standard ring-width chronologies 540:571 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 5 12 theme composition 960:970 arg1 modeling 928:935 process-based forward modeling 906:935 process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 906:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 3 13 theme low 581:583 arg1 consistency 594:604 low internal consistency 581:604 low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features 581:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 6 14 from one 1070:1072 arg1 presence 1035:1042 the presence 1031:1042 the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record 1031:1117 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 3 15 theme ring-width 549:558 arg1 chronologies 560:571 Standard ring-width chronologies 540:571 Standard ring-width chronologies 540:571 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 6 16 theme rainy 1227:1231 arg1 season 1233:1238 the 2004/5 rainy season 1216:1238 the 2004/5 rainy season 1216:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 2 17 theme tree-ring 361:369 arg1 width 371:375 tree-ring width 361:375 tree-ring width 361:375 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 2 17 theme tree-ring 361:369 arg1 δ18O 410:413 δ18O 410:413 δ18O 410:413 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 6 18 theme δ18O 992:995 arg1 record 997:1002 The δ18O record 988:1002 The δ18O record 988:1002 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 5 19 theme process-based 906:918 arg1 modeling 928:935 process-based forward modeling 906:935 process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 906:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 2 20 dep Agathis 436:442 arg1 robusta 444:450 Agathis robusta 436:450 Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia 436:537 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 4 21 theme growth 741:746 arg1 years 732:736 the most recent 15 years 713:736 the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010) 713:758 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 7 22 theme ENSO 1368:1371 arg1 reconstructions 1373:1387 long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions 1346:1387 long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1346:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 6 23 theme ring 1062:1065 arg1 presence 1035:1042 the presence 1031:1042 the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record 1031:1117 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 1 24 theme internal 179:186 arg1 variability 188:198 internal variability 179:198 internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 179:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 7 25 theme terrestrial 1398:1408 arg1 tropics 1410:1416 the terrestrial tropics 1394:1416 the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1394:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 26 theme growth 1272:1277 arg1 combination 1245:1255 The combination 1241:1255 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures 1241:1299 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 26 theme growth 1272:1277 arg1 approach 1319:1326 a powerful approach 1308:1326 a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1308:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 27 theme reconstructions 1373:1387 arg1 development 1331:1341 development 1331:1341 development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1331:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 6 28 from presence 1035:1042 arg1 record 1112:1117 the composite record 1098:1117 the composite record 1098:1117 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 28 from presence 1035:1042 arg1 samples 1087:1093 the three samples 1077:1093 the three samples 1077:1093 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 28 from presence 1035:1042 arg1 one 1070:1072 one 1070:1072 one 1070:1072 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 1 29 theme Long-lived 92:101 arg1 trees 103:107 Long-lived trees 92:107 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia 92:133 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 29 theme Long-lived 92:101 arg1 source 151:156 a potential source 139:156 a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 139:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 7 30 theme Australasia 1421:1431 arg1 tropics 1410:1416 the terrestrial tropics 1394:1416 the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1394:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 2 31 theme isotopic 388:395 arg1 composition 397:407 oxygen isotopic composition 381:407 oxygen isotopic composition 381:407 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 7 32 from tropics 1410:1416 arg1 development 1331:1341 development 1331:1341 development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1331:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 32 from tropics 1410:1416 arg1 reconstructions 1373:1387 long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions 1346:1387 long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1346:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 6 33 theme 2004/5 1220:1225 arg1 season 1233:1238 the 2004/5 rainy season 1216:1238 the 2004/5 rainy season 1216:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 1 34 from Australasia 123:133 arg1 trees 103:107 Long-lived trees 92:107 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia 92:133 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 34 from Australasia 123:133 arg1 source 151:156 a potential source 139:156 a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 139:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 3 35 theme internal 585:592 arg1 consistency 594:604 low internal consistency 581:604 low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features 581:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 2 36 theme oxygen 381:386 arg1 composition 397:407 oxygen isotopic composition 381:407 oxygen isotopic composition 381:407 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 2 37 theme Agathis 436:442 arg1 samples 471:477 Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples 436:477 Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia 436:537 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 7 38 dep long-term 1346:1354 arg1 year 1362:1365 year 1362:1365 year 1362:1365 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 6 39 theme low 1186:1188 arg1 rainfall 1190:1197 anomalously low rainfall 1174:1197 anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season 1174:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 5 40 theme isotopic 951:958 arg1 composition 960:970 the oxygen isotopic composition 940:970 the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 940:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 7 41 from development 1331:1341 arg1 tropics 1410:1416 the terrestrial tropics 1394:1416 the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1394:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 2 42 theme α-cellulose 419:429 arg1 composition 397:407 oxygen isotopic composition 381:407 oxygen isotopic composition 381:407 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 2 42 theme α-cellulose 419:429 arg1 width 371:375 tree-ring width 361:375 tree-ring width 361:375 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 2 42 theme α-cellulose 419:429 arg1 δ18O 410:413 δ18O 410:413 δ18O 410:413 We measured tree-ring width and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of α-cellulose from Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri) samples collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. 25062034 5 43 theme oxygen 944:949 arg1 composition 960:970 the oxygen isotopic composition 940:970 the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 940:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 1 44 theme precipitation 281:293 arg1 variability 295:305 precipitation variability 281:305 precipitation variability 281:305 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 3 45 theme features 665:672 arg1 presence 626:633 the frequent presence 613:633 the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features 613:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 1 46 theme tropical 114:121 arg1 Australasia 123:133 tropical Australasia 114:133 tropical Australasia 114:133 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 47 theme Niño-Southern 210:222 arg1 ENSO 237:240 ENSO 237:240 ENSO 237:240 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 47 theme Niño-Southern 210:222 arg1 Oscillation 224:234 the El Niño-Southern Oscillation 203:234 the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 203:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 0 48 theme Agathis 29:35 arg1 robusta 37:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 δ18O in the tropical conifer Agathis robusta records ENSO-related precipitation variations. 25062034 5 49 theme forward 920:926 arg1 modeling 928:935 process-based forward modeling 906:935 process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 906:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 6 50 theme composite 1102:1110 arg1 record 1112:1117 the composite record 1098:1117 the composite record 1098:1117 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 4 51 theme local 811:815 arg1 precipitation 817:829 local precipitation 811:829 local precipitation 811:829 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 52 theme growth 1055:1060 arg1 ring 1062:1065 a false growth ring 1047:1065 a false growth ring in one of the three samples 1047:1093 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 1 53 theme Oscillation 224:234 arg1 variability 188:198 internal variability 179:198 internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 179:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 0 54 theme conifer 21:27 arg1 robusta 37:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 δ18O in the tropical conifer Agathis robusta records ENSO-related precipitation variations. 25062034 3 55 theme ring-like 644:652 arg1 features 665:672 false ring-like anatomical features 638:672 false ring-like anatomical features 638:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 0 56 theme tropical 12:19 arg1 robusta 37:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 the tropical conifer Agathis robusta 8:43 δ18O in the tropical conifer Agathis robusta records ENSO-related precipitation variations. 25062034 7 57 dep year 1362:1365 arg1 150+ 1357:1360 150+ 1357:1360 150+ 1357:1360 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 3 58 theme anatomical 654:663 arg1 features 665:672 false ring-like anatomical features 638:672 false ring-like anatomical features 638:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 5 59 theme α-cellulose 975:985 arg1 composition 960:970 the oxygen isotopic composition 940:970 the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose 940:985 The results are consistent with process-based forward modeling of the oxygen isotopic composition of α-cellulose. 25062034 4 60 theme recent 722:727 arg1 years 732:736 the most recent 15 years 713:736 the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010) 713:758 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 7 61 theme isotopic 1283:1290 arg1 measures 1292:1299 isotopic measures 1283:1299 isotopic measures 1283:1299 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 3 62 theme due 606:608 arg1 consistency 594:604 low internal consistency 581:604 low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features 581:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 4 63 theme most 717:720 arg1 years 732:736 the most recent 15 years 713:736 the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010) 713:758 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 64 from rainfall 1190:1197 arg1 middle 1206:1211 the middle 1202:1211 the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season 1202:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 7 65 theme measures 1292:1299 arg1 combination 1245:1255 The combination 1241:1255 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures 1241:1299 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 65 theme measures 1292:1299 arg1 approach 1319:1326 a powerful approach 1308:1326 a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1308:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 66 theme powerful 1310:1317 arg1 combination 1245:1255 The combination 1241:1255 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures 1241:1299 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 66 theme powerful 1310:1317 arg1 approach 1319:1326 a powerful approach 1308:1326 a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1308:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 7 67 theme long-term 1346:1354 arg1 reconstructions 1373:1387 long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions 1346:1387 long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia 1346:1431 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 4 68 theme years 732:736 arg1 examination 698:708 a detailed examination 687:708 a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010) 687:758 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 3 69 theme false 638:642 arg1 features 665:672 false ring-like anatomical features 638:672 false ring-like anatomical features 638:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 1 70 theme potential 141:149 arg1 trees 103:107 Long-lived trees 92:107 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia 92:133 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 70 theme potential 141:149 arg1 source 151:156 a potential source 139:156 a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 139:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 0 71 theme precipitation 66:78 arg1 variations 80:89 ENSO-related precipitation variations 53:89 ENSO-related precipitation variations 53:89 δ18O in the tropical conifer Agathis robusta records ENSO-related precipitation variations. 25062034 3 72 theme frequent 617:624 arg1 presence 626:633 the frequent presence 613:633 the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features 613:672 Standard ring-width chronologies yielded low internal consistency due to the frequent presence of false ring-like anatomical features. 25062034 1 73 theme El 207:208 arg1 ENSO 237:240 ENSO 237:240 ENSO 237:240 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 1 73 theme El 207:208 arg1 Oscillation 224:234 the El Niño-Southern Oscillation 203:234 the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 203:241 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 74 theme samples 1087:1093 arg1 samples 1087:1093 the three samples 1077:1093 the three samples 1077:1093 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 6 74 theme samples 1087:1093 arg1 one 1070:1072 one 1070:1072 one 1070:1072 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 25062034 7 75 theme incremental 1260:1270 arg1 growth 1272:1277 incremental growth 1260:1277 incremental growth 1260:1277 The combination of incremental growth and isotopic measures may be a powerful approach to development of long-term (150+ year) ENSO reconstructions from the terrestrial tropics of Australasia. 25062034 0 76 theme ENSO-related 53:64 arg1 variations 80:89 ENSO-related precipitation variations 53:89 ENSO-related precipitation variations 53:89 δ18O in the tropical conifer Agathis robusta records ENSO-related precipitation variations. 25062034 1 77 theme ENSO 334:337 arg1 activity 339:346 ENSO activity 334:346 ENSO activity 334:346 Long-lived trees from tropical Australasia are a potential source of information about internal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), because they occur in a region where precipitation variability is closely associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 4 78 theme detailed 689:696 arg1 examination 698:708 a detailed examination 687:708 a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010) 687:758 However, in a detailed examination of the most recent 15 years of growth (1995-2010), we found significant correlation between δ18O and local precipitation, the latter associated with ENSO activity. 25062034 6 79 from consequence 1159:1169 arg1 middle 1206:1211 the middle 1202:1211 the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season 1202:1238 The δ18O record also enabled us to confirm the presence of a false growth ring in one of the three samples in the composite record, and to determine that it occurred as a consequence of anomalously low rainfall in the middle of the 2004/5 rainy season. 28302485 9 0 theme compressive 1263:1273 arg1 stress 1275:1280 the ultimate compressive stress 1250:1280 the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa 1250:1293 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 6 1 theme alkaline 783:790 arg1 phosphatase 792:802 alkaline phosphatase 783:802 alkaline phosphatase production 783:813 Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase production and biomineralization was evaluated using Alizarin red assay. 28302485 7 2 theme natural 1005:1011 arg1 matrix 1018:1023 natural bone matrix 1005:1023 natural bone matrix 1005:1023 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 9 3 theme highest 1196:1202 arg1 modulus 1216:1222 the highest compressive modulus 1192:1222 the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) 1192:1244 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 2 4 with concert 401:407 arg1 polysaccharide 443:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 4 with concert 401:407 arg1 Arabic 418:423 gum Arabic 414:423 gum Arabic 414:423 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 7 5 theme Arabic 926:931 arg1 nanocomposite 933:945 the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite 903:945 the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite 903:945 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 1 6 theme biological 151:160 arg1 properties 162:171 the biomechanical and biological properties 129:171 the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 129:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 7 7 theme similar 984:990 arg1 structure 992:1000 a similar structure 982:1000 a similar structure 982:1000 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 12 8 theme Nanocomposite 1618:1630 arg1 scaffolds 1632:1640 Nanocomposite scaffolds 1618:1640 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% 1618:1674 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 11 9 theme significant 1479:1489 arg1 changes 1491:1497 significant changes 1479:1497 significant changes to the biomechanical properties 1479:1529 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 8 10 theme pore 1108:1111 arg1 size 1113:1116 mean pore size 1103:1116 mean pore size 1103:1116 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 10 11 theme calcium 1414:1420 arg1 deposition 1422:1431 calcium deposition 1414:1431 calcium deposition 1414:1431 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 8 12 theme Porous 1026:1031 arg1 nanocomposite 1033:1045 Porous nanocomposite 1026:1045 Porous nanocomposite 1026:1045 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 5 13 theme compressive 707:717 arg1 measurement 724:734 compressive test measurement 707:734 compressive test measurement 707:734 The scaffold mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive test measurement. 28302485 2 14 used used 373:376 arg2 n-HA 288:291 n-HA 288:291 n-HA 288:291 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 14 used used 373:376 arg2 nanoparticles 273:285 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 258:285 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) 258:292 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 3 15 theme chemical 562:569 arg1 structure 571:579 chemical structure 562:579 chemical structure 562:579 N-HA/gum nanocomposite was fabricated with freeze-drying process and characterized by FTIR and SEM for chemical structure and morphology. 28302485 11 16 theme biomechanical 1506:1518 arg1 properties 1520:1529 the biomechanical properties 1502:1529 the biomechanical properties 1502:1529 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 3 17 theme freeze-drying 502:514 arg1 process 516:522 freeze-drying process 502:522 freeze-drying process 502:522 N-HA/gum nanocomposite was fabricated with freeze-drying process and characterized by FTIR and SEM for chemical structure and morphology. 28302485 9 18 with gum/HA 1154:1159 arg1 ratio 1168:1172 a ratio 1166:1172 a ratio of 50% w/w HA 1166:1186 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 8 19 theme mean 1103:1106 arg1 size 1113:1116 mean pore size 1103:1116 mean pore size 1103:1116 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 9 20 theme 50 1177:1178 arg1 % 1179:1179 % 1179:1179 % 1179:1179 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 12 21 contain containing 1642:1651 arg2 n-HA 1661:1664 n-HA 1661:1664 n-HA 1661:1664 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 12 21 contain containing 1642:1651 arg2 gum 1653:1655 gum 1653:1655 gum 1653:1655 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 12 21 contain containing 1642:1651 arg1 scaffolds 1632:1640 Nanocomposite scaffolds 1618:1640 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% 1618:1674 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 12 22 theme highest 1686:1692 arg1 properties 1705:1714 highest mechanical properties 1686:1714 highest mechanical properties 1686:1714 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 9 23 contain had 1188:1190 arg2 stress 1275:1280 the ultimate compressive stress 1250:1280 the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa 1250:1293 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 9 23 contain had 1188:1190 arg2 modulus 1216:1222 the highest compressive modulus 1192:1222 the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) 1192:1244 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 9 23 contain had 1188:1190 arg1 gum/HA 1154:1159 The gum/HA 1150:1159 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA 1150:1186 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 5 24 theme scaffold 658:665 arg1 properties 678:687 The scaffold mechanical properties 654:687 The scaffold mechanical properties 654:687 The scaffold mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive test measurement. 28302485 0 25 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 porous 27:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous nano-composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. 28302485 7 26 theme favorable 951:959 arg1 biocompatibility 961:976 favorable biocompatibility 951:976 favorable biocompatibility 951:976 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 8 27 with networks 1067:1074 arg1 porosity 1083:1090 a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size 1081:1116 porosity 1083:1090 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 8 27 with networks 1067:1074 arg1 size 1113:1116 mean pore size 1103:1116 mean pore size 1103:1116 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 0 28 theme calcified 6:14 arg1 porous 27:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous nano-composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. 28302485 5 29 theme mechanical 667:676 arg1 properties 678:687 The scaffold mechanical properties 654:687 The scaffold mechanical properties 654:687 The scaffold mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive test measurement. 28302485 9 30 theme ∼16.6 MPa 1285:1293 arg1 stress 1275:1280 the ultimate compressive stress 1250:1280 the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa 1250:1293 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 9 30 theme ∼16.6 MPa 1285:1293 arg1 modulus 1216:1222 the highest compressive modulus 1192:1222 the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) 1192:1244 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 9 31 theme w/w 1181:1183 arg1 HA 1185:1186 50% w/w HA 1177:1186 50% w/w HA 1177:1186 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 10 32 theme increased 1389:1397 arg1 levels 1403:1408 increased ALP levels 1389:1408 increased ALP levels 1389:1408 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 2 33 theme plant 437:441 arg1 polysaccharide 443:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 33 theme plant 437:441 arg1 Arabic 418:423 gum Arabic 414:423 gum Arabic 414:423 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 9 34 theme ultimate 1254:1261 arg1 stress 1275:1280 the ultimate compressive stress 1250:1280 the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa 1250:1293 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 9 35 theme % 1179:1179 arg1 HA 1185:1186 50% w/w HA 1177:1186 50% w/w HA 1177:1186 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 6 36 theme red 866:868 arg1 assay 870:874 Alizarin red assay 857:874 Alizarin red assay 857:874 Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase production and biomineralization was evaluated using Alizarin red assay. 28302485 2 37 theme ovata 325:329 arg1 shells 331:336 dead abra ovata shells 315:336 dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods 315:363 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 6 38 theme Osteogenic 737:746 arg1 differentiation 748:762 Osteogenic differentiation 737:762 Osteogenic differentiation 737:762 Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase production and biomineralization was evaluated using Alizarin red assay. 28302485 1 39 theme nanocomposite 178:190 arg1 scaffold 192:199 a nanocomposite scaffold 176:199 a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 176:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 0 40 theme Arabic 20:25 arg1 porous 27:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous nano-composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. 28302485 6 41 theme Alizarin 857:864 arg1 assay 870:874 Alizarin red assay 857:874 Alizarin red assay 857:874 Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase production and biomineralization was evaluated using Alizarin red assay. 28302485 2 42 theme abra 320:323 arg1 shells 331:336 dead abra ovata shells 315:336 dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods 315:363 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 10 43 theme HA 1373:1374 arg1 w/w 1365:1367 40 and 50 w/w 1355:1367 40 and 50 w/w 1355:1367 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 10 43 theme HA 1373:1374 arg1 percentage 1343:1352 higher percentage 1336:1352 higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA 1336:1374 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 1 44 theme scaffold 192:199 arg1 properties 162:171 the biomechanical and biological properties 129:171 the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 129:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 0 45 theme gum 16:18 arg1 porous 27:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous 0:32 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous nano-composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. 28302485 11 46 from study 1460:1464 arg1 data 1438:1441 The data 1434:1441 The data from the present study 1434:1464 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 2 47 theme dead 315:318 arg1 shells 331:336 dead abra ovata shells 315:336 dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods 315:363 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 7 48 theme hydroxyapatite/gum 907:924 arg1 nanocomposite 933:945 the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite 903:945 the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite 903:945 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 9 49 theme HA 1185:1186 arg1 ratio 1168:1172 a ratio 1166:1172 a ratio of 50% w/w HA 1166:1186 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 7 50 contain had 947:949 arg1 nanocomposite 933:945 the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite 903:945 the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite 903:945 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 7 50 contain had 947:949 arg2 biocompatibility 961:976 favorable biocompatibility 951:976 favorable biocompatibility 951:976 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 7 50 contain had 947:949 arg2 structure 992:1000 a similar structure 982:1000 a similar structure 982:1000 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 10 51 theme higher 1336:1341 arg1 w/w 1365:1367 40 and 50 w/w 1355:1367 40 and 50 w/w 1355:1367 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 10 51 theme higher 1336:1341 arg1 percentage 1343:1352 higher percentage 1336:1352 higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA 1336:1374 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 2 52 theme different 381:389 arg1 ratios 391:396 different ratios 381:396 different ratios 381:396 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 53 theme gum 414:416 arg1 polysaccharide 443:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 53 theme gum 414:416 arg1 Arabic 418:423 gum Arabic 414:423 gum Arabic 414:423 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 11 54 theme nanocomposite 1560:1572 arg1 scaffold 1574:1581 the nanocomposite scaffold 1556:1581 the nanocomposite scaffold 1556:1581 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 2 55 theme branched 428:435 arg1 polysaccharide 443:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 a branched plant polysaccharide 426:456 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 55 theme branched 428:435 arg1 Arabic 418:423 gum Arabic 414:423 gum Arabic 414:423 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 9 56 theme compressive 1204:1214 arg1 modulus 1216:1222 the highest compressive modulus 1192:1222 the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) 1192:1244 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 1 57 theme mineral 217:223 arg1 constituents 244:255 both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 212:255 both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 212:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 12 58 theme % 1674:1674 arg1 n-HA 1661:1664 n-HA 1661:1664 n-HA 1661:1664 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 12 58 theme % 1674:1674 arg1 gum 1653:1655 gum 1653:1655 gum 1653:1655 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 5 59 theme test 719:722 arg1 measurement 724:734 compressive test measurement 707:734 compressive test measurement 707:734 The scaffold mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive test measurement. 28302485 11 60 theme present 1452:1458 arg1 study 1460:1464 the present study 1448:1464 the present study 1448:1464 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 1 61 theme study 104:108 arg1 aim 92:94 The aim 88:94 The aim of this study 88:108 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 4 62 theme liquid 626:631 arg1 method 646:651 liquid substitution method 626:651 liquid substitution method 626:651 Porosity was estimated using liquid substitution method. 28302485 12 63 theme mechanical 1694:1703 arg1 properties 1705:1714 highest mechanical properties 1686:1714 highest mechanical properties 1686:1714 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 10 64 with scaffold 1322:1329 arg1 w/w 1365:1367 40 and 50 w/w 1355:1367 40 and 50 w/w 1355:1367 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 10 64 with scaffold 1322:1329 arg1 percentage 1343:1352 higher percentage 1336:1352 higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA 1336:1374 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 10 65 theme ALP 1399:1401 arg1 levels 1403:1408 increased ALP levels 1389:1408 increased ALP levels 1389:1408 C2C12 cells cultured on a scaffold with higher percentage (40 and 50 w/w) of HA demonstrated increased ALP levels and calcium deposition. 28302485 2 66 theme chemical 348:355 arg1 methods 357:363 wet chemical methods 344:363 wet chemical methods 344:363 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 8 67 contain possessed 1047:1055 arg1 nanocomposite 1033:1045 Porous nanocomposite 1026:1045 Porous nanocomposite 1026:1045 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 8 67 contain possessed 1047:1055 arg2 networks 1067:1074 macropore networks 1057:1074 macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm 1057:1147 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 8 68 theme macropore 1057:1065 arg1 networks 1067:1074 macropore networks 1057:1074 macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm 1057:1147 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 2 69 theme wet 344:346 arg1 methods 357:363 wet chemical methods 344:363 wet chemical methods 344:363 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 8 70 dep porosity 1083:1090 arg1 % 1097:1097 87-93% 1092:1097 87-93% 1092:1097 Porous nanocomposite possessed macropore networks with a porosity 87-93% and mean pore size ranging between 164 and 230 μm. 28302485 4 71 theme substitution 633:644 arg1 method 646:651 liquid substitution method 626:651 liquid substitution method 626:651 Porosity was estimated using liquid substitution method. 28302485 9 72 theme ∼75.3 MPa Pa 1227:1238 arg1 stress 1275:1280 the ultimate compressive stress 1250:1280 the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa 1250:1293 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 9 72 theme ∼75.3 MPa Pa 1227:1238 arg1 modulus 1216:1222 the highest compressive modulus 1192:1222 the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) 1192:1244 The gum/HA with a ratio of 50% w/w HA had the highest compressive modulus of ∼75.3 MPa Pa (MPa) and the ultimate compressive stress of ∼16.6 MPa. 28302485 1 73 contain containing 201:210 arg1 scaffold 192:199 a nanocomposite scaffold 176:199 a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 176:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 1 73 contain containing 201:210 arg2 constituents 244:255 both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 212:255 both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 212:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 12 74 theme increased 1738:1746 arg1 biomineralization 1748:1764 increased biomineralization 1738:1764 increased biomineralization 1738:1764 Nanocomposite scaffolds containing gum and n-HA of 40-50% exhibited highest mechanical properties, as well as supported increased biomineralization. 28302485 7 75 theme bone 1013:1016 arg1 matrix 1018:1023 natural bone matrix 1005:1023 natural bone matrix 1005:1023 Results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/gum Arabic nanocomposite had favorable biocompatibility and a similar structure to natural bone matrix. 28302485 1 76 theme polysaccharide 229:242 arg1 constituents 244:255 both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 212:255 both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 212:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 28302485 0 77 theme tissue 67:72 arg1 regeneration 74:85 bone tissue regeneration 62:85 bone tissue regeneration 62:85 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous nano-composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. 28302485 3 78 theme N-HA/gum 459:466 arg1 nanocomposite 468:480 N-HA/gum nanocomposite 459:480 N-HA/gum nanocomposite 459:480 N-HA/gum nanocomposite was fabricated with freeze-drying process and characterized by FTIR and SEM for chemical structure and morphology. 28302485 11 79 theme mineral 1601:1607 arg1 content 1609:1615 its mineral content 1597:1615 its mineral content 1597:1615 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 11 80 theme scaffold 1574:1581 arg1 osteoconductivity 1535:1551 osteoconductivity 1535:1551 osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold 1535:1581 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 11 80 theme scaffold 1574:1581 arg1 changes 1491:1497 significant changes 1479:1497 significant changes to the biomechanical properties 1479:1529 The data from the present study demonstrated significant changes to the biomechanical properties and osteoconductivity of the nanocomposite scaffold by modulating its mineral content. 28302485 0 81 theme bone 62:65 arg1 regeneration 74:85 bone tissue regeneration 62:85 bone tissue regeneration 62:85 Novel calcified gum Arabic porous nano-composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. 28302485 2 82 theme Hydroxyapatite 258:271 arg1 nanoparticles 273:285 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 258:285 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) 258:292 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 2 82 theme Hydroxyapatite 258:271 arg1 n-HA 288:291 n-HA 288:291 n-HA 288:291 Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) was synthesized from dead abra ovata shells using wet chemical methods and was used in different ratios in concert with gum Arabic, a branched plant polysaccharide. 28302485 6 83 theme phosphatase 792:802 arg1 production 804:813 alkaline phosphatase production 783:813 alkaline phosphatase production 783:813 Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase production and biomineralization was evaluated using Alizarin red assay. 28302485 1 84 theme biomechanical 133:145 arg1 properties 162:171 the biomechanical and biological properties 129:171 the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents 129:255 The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and biological properties of a nanocomposite scaffold containing both mineral and polysaccharide constituents. 26550840 7 0 theme cells 1198:1202 arg1 imaging 1175:1181 calcium imaging 1167:1181 calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1167:1225 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 2 1 theme cellulose 412:420 arg1 nanofibers 427:436 bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 402:436 bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 402:436 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 7 2 theme PC12 1186:1189 arg1 cells 1198:1202 PC12 neural cells 1186:1202 PC12 neural cells 1186:1202 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 2 3 theme flexible 331:338 arg1 biomaterials 358:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 2 4 theme electroactive 313:325 arg1 biomaterials 358:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 7 5 theme significant 1242:1252 arg1 increase 1254:1261 a significant increase 1240:1261 a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials 1240:1318 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 1 6 theme electrochemical 224:238 arg1 applications 255:266 electrochemical and biomedical applications 224:266 electrochemical and biomedical applications 224:266 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 6 7 theme specific 1030:1037 arg1 area 1047:1050 high specific surface area 1025:1050 high specific surface area 1025:1050 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 7 8 theme electrical 1143:1152 arg1 stimulation 1154:1164 electrical stimulation 1143:1164 electrical stimulation 1143:1164 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 4 9 dep concentration 642:654 arg1 the 630:632 the 630:632 the 630:632 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 2 10 theme nanostructured 343:356 arg1 biomaterials 358:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 1 11 theme biomedical 244:253 arg1 applications 255:266 electrochemical and biomedical applications 224:266 electrochemical and biomedical applications 224:266 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 6 12 theme BC/PEDOT 997:1004 arg1 nanofibers 1006:1015 the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 990:1015 the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 990:1015 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 5 13 from size 879:882 arg1 demands 919:925 the demands 915:925 the demands of actual applications 915:948 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 2 14 theme BC 423:424 arg1 nanofibers 427:436 bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 402:436 bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 402:436 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 8 15 theme smart 1561:1565 arg1 systems 1581:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 7 16 with cells 1284:1288 arg1 potentials 1309:1318 higher action potentials 1295:1318 higher action potentials 1295:1318 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 6 17 theme electroactive 1086:1098 arg1 stability 1100:1108 electroactive stability 1086:1108 electroactive stability 1086:1108 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 8 18 theme delivery 1572:1579 arg1 systems 1581:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 19 theme attractive 1390:1399 arg1 devices 1552:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 19 theme attractive 1390:1399 arg1 applications 1520:1531 many important applications 1505:1531 many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1505:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 19 theme attractive 1390:1399 arg1 electrodes 1606:1615 implantable electrodes 1594:1615 implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1594:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 19 theme attractive 1390:1399 arg1 solution 1401:1408 an attractive solution 1387:1408 an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces 1387:1471 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 19 theme attractive 1390:1399 arg1 systems 1581:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 5 20 theme convenient 807:816 arg1 method 818:823 a convenient method 805:823 a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications 805:948 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 5 21 theme pore 874:877 arg1 size 879:882 average pore size 866:882 average pore size 866:882 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 1 22 theme excellent 172:180 arg1 performance 208:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 6 23 theme excellent 1053:1061 arg1 properties 1074:1083 excellent mechanical properties 1053:1083 excellent mechanical properties 1053:1083 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 8 24 theme implantable 1594:1604 arg1 electrodes 1606:1615 implantable electrodes 1594:1615 implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1594:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 3 25 dep in 524:525 arg1 situ 527:530 situ 527:530 situ 527:530 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 1 26 with nanofibers 156:165 arg1 performance 208:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 7 27 from increase 1254:1261 arg1 percentage 1270:1279 the percentage 1266:1279 the percentage of cells with higher action potentials 1266:1318 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 8 28 theme electrode-cell 1447:1460 arg1 interfaces 1462:1471 better electrode-cell interfaces 1440:1471 better electrode-cell interfaces 1440:1471 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 0 29 theme Three-Dimensional 0:16 arg1 Nanofibers 37:46 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers 0:46 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 0:98 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 26550840 4 30 theme coating 595:601 arg1 thickness 603:611 The PEDOT coating thickness 585:611 The PEDOT coating thickness 585:611 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 4 30 theme coating 595:601 arg1 adjustable 616:625 adjustable 616:625 adjustable 616:625 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 0 31 theme Composite 27:35 arg1 Nanofibers 37:46 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers 0:46 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 0:98 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 26550840 4 32 dep 200 758:760 arg1 to 755:756 to 755:756 to 755:756 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 6 33 theme low 1115:1117 arg1 cytotoxicity 1124:1135 low cell cytotoxicity 1115:1135 low cell cytotoxicity 1115:1135 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 3 34 theme BC 461:462 arg1 nanofibers 464:473 coat BC nanofibers 456:473 coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 456:519 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 7 35 from imaging 1175:1181 arg1 nanofibers 1216:1225 BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1207:1225 BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1207:1225 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 8 36 theme BC/PEDOT 1477:1484 arg1 nanofibers 1486:1495 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1474:1495 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1474:1495 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 5 37 theme different 833:841 arg1 parameters 843:852 different parameters 833:852 different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications 833:948 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 5 37 theme different 833:841 arg1 size 879:882 average pore size 866:882 average pore size 866:882 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 5 37 theme different 833:841 arg1 conductivity 899:910 electrical conductivity 888:910 electrical conductivity 888:910 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 7 38 theme injection 1373:1381 arg1 effect 1356:1361 an enhanced capacitance effect 1332:1361 an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection 1332:1381 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 7 39 theme action 1302:1307 arg1 potentials 1309:1318 higher action potentials 1295:1318 higher action potentials 1295:1318 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 2 40 theme bacterial 402:410 arg1 nanofibers 427:436 bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 402:436 bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 402:436 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 7 41 theme BC/PEDOT 1207:1214 arg1 nanofibers 1216:1225 BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1207:1225 BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1207:1225 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 2 42 theme facile 286:291 arg1 approach 293:300 a facile approach 284:300 a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 284:436 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 8 43 theme important 1510:1518 arg1 devices 1552:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 43 theme important 1510:1518 arg1 solution 1401:1408 an attractive solution 1387:1408 an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces 1387:1471 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 43 theme important 1510:1518 arg1 electrodes 1606:1615 implantable electrodes 1594:1615 implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1594:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 43 theme important 1510:1518 arg1 applications 1520:1531 many important applications 1505:1531 many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1505:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 43 theme important 1510:1518 arg1 systems 1581:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 7 44 theme capacitance 1344:1354 arg1 effect 1356:1361 an enhanced capacitance effect 1332:1361 an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection 1332:1381 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 7 45 theme neural 1191:1196 arg1 cells 1198:1202 PC12 neural cells 1186:1202 PC12 neural cells 1186:1202 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 2 46 theme 3D 340:341 arg1 biomaterials 358:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials 313:369 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 4 47 theme monomer 634:640 arg1 concentration 642:654 monomer concentration 634:654 monomer concentration 634:654 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 7 48 theme calcium 1167:1173 arg1 imaging 1175:1181 calcium imaging 1167:1181 calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1167:1225 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 1 49 theme electrical 197:206 arg1 performance 208:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 3 50 with nanofibers 464:473 arg1 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 485:510 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 485:510 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 485:510 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 3 50 with nanofibers 464:473 arg1 PEDOT 514:518 PEDOT 514:518 PEDOT 514:518 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 3 50 with nanofibers 464:473 arg1 poly 480:483 poly 480:483 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 480:519 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 2 51 theme high 376:379 arg1 performance 381:391 high performance 376:391 high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers 376:436 Here we report a facile approach to prepare electroactive and flexible 3D nanostructured biomaterials with high performance based on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. 26550840 6 52 theme surface 1039:1045 arg1 area 1047:1050 high specific surface area 1025:1050 high specific surface area 1025:1050 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 4 53 theme total 724:728 arg1 diameter 730:737 a total diameter 722:737 a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm 722:763 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 6 54 theme high 1025:1028 arg1 area 1047:1050 high specific surface area 1025:1050 high specific surface area 1025:1050 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 8 55 theme biosensing 1541:1550 arg1 devices 1552:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 5 56 theme electrical 888:897 arg1 conductivity 899:910 electrical conductivity 888:910 electrical conductivity 888:910 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 5 57 from conductivity 899:910 arg1 demands 919:925 the demands 915:925 the demands of actual applications 915:948 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 6 58 theme 3D 994:995 arg1 nanofibers 1006:1015 the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 990:1015 the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 990:1015 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 8 59 theme drug 1567:1570 arg1 systems 1581:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 1 60 theme biocompatible 142:154 arg1 nanofibers 156:165 biocompatible nanofibers 142:165 biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications 142:266 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 5 61 theme applications 937:948 arg1 demands 919:925 the demands 915:925 the demands of actual applications 915:948 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 7 62 theme higher 1295:1300 arg1 potentials 1309:1318 higher action potentials 1295:1318 higher action potentials 1295:1318 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 5 63 theme actual 930:935 arg1 applications 937:948 actual applications 930:948 actual applications 930:948 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 7 64 theme cells 1284:1288 arg1 percentage 1270:1279 the percentage 1266:1279 the percentage of cells with higher action potentials 1266:1318 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 1 65 theme mechanical 182:191 arg1 performance 208:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 excellent mechanical and electrical performance 172:218 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 6 66 theme mechanical 1063:1072 arg1 properties 1074:1083 excellent mechanical properties 1053:1083 excellent mechanical properties 1053:1083 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 5 67 theme fabrication 771:781 arg1 process 783:789 This fabrication process 766:789 This fabrication process 766:789 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 3 68 from nanofibers 464:473 arg1 manner 577:582 a controllable manner 562:582 a controllable manner 562:582 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 8 69 theme tissue 1621:1626 arg1 engineering 1628:1638 tissue engineering 1621:1638 tissue engineering 1621:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 0 70 theme BC/PEDOT 18:25 arg1 Nanofibers 37:46 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers 0:46 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 0:98 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 26550840 8 71 theme better 1440:1445 arg1 interfaces 1462:1471 better electrode-cell interfaces 1440:1471 better electrode-cell interfaces 1440:1471 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 5 72 theme average 866:872 arg1 size 879:882 average pore size 866:882 average pore size 866:882 This fabrication process also provides a convenient method to tune different parameters such as the average pore size and electrical conductivity on the demands of actual applications. 26550840 1 73 theme increasing 112:121 arg1 need 123:126 an increasing need 109:126 an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications 109:266 There is an increasing need to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with excellent mechanical and electrical performance for electrochemical and biomedical applications. 26550840 6 74 theme cell 1119:1122 arg1 cytotoxicity 1124:1135 low cell cytotoxicity 1115:1135 low cell cytotoxicity 1115:1135 Our experiments have demonstrated that the 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers exhibit high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, electroactive stability, and low cell cytotoxicity. 26550840 0 75 theme High 53:56 arg1 Performance 58:68 High Performance 53:68 High Performance 53:68 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 26550840 7 76 theme charge 1366:1371 arg1 injection 1373:1381 charge injection 1366:1381 charge injection 1366:1381 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 8 77 theme 3D 1474:1475 arg1 nanofibers 1486:1495 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1474:1495 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers 1474:1495 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 0 78 with Nanofibers 37:46 arg1 Performance 58:68 High Performance 53:68 High Performance 53:68 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 26550840 0 79 theme Electrode-Cell 74:87 arg1 Interface 89:97 Electrode-Cell Interface 74:97 Electrode-Cell Interface 74:97 Three-Dimensional BC/PEDOT Composite Nanofibers with High Performance for Electrode-Cell Interface. 26550840 3 80 theme coat 456:459 arg1 nanofibers 464:473 coat BC nanofibers 456:473 coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 456:519 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 4 81 theme PEDOT 589:593 arg1 thickness 603:611 The PEDOT coating thickness 585:611 The PEDOT coating thickness 585:611 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 4 81 theme PEDOT 589:593 arg1 adjustable 616:625 adjustable 616:625 adjustable 616:625 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 4 82 with nanofibers 706:715 arg1 diameter 730:737 a total diameter 722:737 a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm 722:763 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 3 83 theme interfacial 532:542 arg1 polymerization 544:557 in situ interfacial polymerization 524:557 in situ interfacial polymerization 524:557 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 7 84 theme enhanced 1335:1342 arg1 effect 1356:1361 an enhanced capacitance effect 1332:1361 an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection 1332:1381 With electrical stimulation, calcium imaging of PC12 neural cells on BC/PEDOT nanofibers has revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with higher action potentials, suggesting an enhanced capacitance effect of charge injection. 26550840 4 85 theme reaction 659:666 arg1 time 668:671 reaction time 659:671 reaction time 659:671 The PEDOT coating thickness is adjustable by the monomer concentration or reaction time during polymerization, producing nanofibers with a total diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm. 26550840 8 86 theme many 1505:1508 arg1 devices 1552:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 biosensing devices 1541:1558 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 86 theme many 1505:1508 arg1 solution 1401:1408 an attractive solution 1387:1408 an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces 1387:1471 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 86 theme many 1505:1508 arg1 electrodes 1606:1615 implantable electrodes 1594:1615 implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1594:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 86 theme many 1505:1508 arg1 applications 1520:1531 many important applications 1505:1531 many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering 1505:1638 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 8 86 theme many 1505:1508 arg1 systems 1581:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 smart drug delivery systems 1561:1587 As an attractive solution to the challenge of designing better electrode-cell interfaces, 3D BC/PEDOT nanofibers promise many important applications such as biosensing devices, smart drug delivery systems, and implantable electrodes for tissue engineering. 26550840 3 87 theme in 524:525 arg1 polymerization 544:557 in situ interfacial polymerization 524:557 in situ interfacial polymerization 524:557 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26550840 3 88 theme controllable 564:575 arg1 manner 577:582 a controllable manner 562:582 a controllable manner 562:582 Our approach can coat BC nanofibers with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in situ interfacial polymerization in a controllable manner. 26256386 3 0 theme force 695:699 arg1 AFM 713:715 AFM 713:715 AFM 713:715 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 3 0 theme force 695:699 arg1 microscopy 701:710 atomic force microscopy 688:710 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 688:716 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 4 1 with properties 932:941 arg1 addition 952:959 the addition 948:959 the addition of SE-MWCNT 948:971 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 2 2 theme wt 351:352 arg1 % 353:353 0.1 to 0.5 wt% 340:353 0.1 to 0.5 wt% 340:353 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 1 3 theme oxidation 245:253 arg1 method 268:273 oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT 245:290 oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT 245:290 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 2 4 theme membrane 483:490 arg1 synthesis 470:478 synthesis 470:478 synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method 470:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 7 5 theme tethered 1254:1261 arg1 membrane 1297:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 5 6 theme water 1059:1063 arg1 treatment 1065:1073 water treatment 1059:1073 water treatment 1059:1073 Finally, the performance of these membranes was assessed for suitability in drinking water treatment. 26256386 6 7 theme permeation 1080:1089 arg1 flux 1091:1094 permeation flux 1080:1094 permeation flux 1080:1094 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 1 8 theme purification 255:266 arg1 method 268:273 oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT 245:290 oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT 245:290 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 3 9 theme surface 548:554 arg1 morphology 556:565 surface morphology 548:565 surface morphology 548:565 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 7 10 theme salt 1422:1425 arg1 rejection 1427:1435 the salt rejection 1418:1435 the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1418:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 0 11 theme reverse 110:116 arg1 osmosis 118:124 reverse osmosis 110:124 reverse osmosis 110:124 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 2 12 dep 0.5 347:349 arg1 to 344:345 to 344:345 to 344:345 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 3 13 theme CA/PEG400 804:812 arg1 membrane 829:836 CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 804:836 CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 804:836 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 7 14 theme SE-MWCNT 1473:1480 arg1 content 1462:1468 the highest content 1450:1468 the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1450:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 7 15 theme SE-MWCNTs/polymer 1319:1335 arg1 interaction 1344:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 6 16 theme pilot 1180:1184 arg1 plant 1186:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 7 17 theme matrix 1337:1342 arg1 interaction 1344:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 7 18 theme highest 1454:1460 arg1 content 1462:1468 the highest content 1450:1468 the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1450:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 3 19 theme polymer 814:820 arg1 membrane 829:836 CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 804:836 CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 804:836 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 6 20 theme osmosis 1172:1178 arg1 plant 1186:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 2 21 theme polymer 448:454 arg1 matrix 456:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix 398:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method 398:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 6 22 theme reverse 1164:1170 arg1 plant 1186:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 4 23 theme thermogravimetric 843:859 arg1 TGA 871:873 TGA 871:873 TGA 871:873 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 4 23 theme thermogravimetric 843:859 arg1 analysis 861:868 The thermogravimetric analysis 839:868 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes 839:887 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 0 24 theme composite 86:94 arg1 membranes 96:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes 44:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis 44:124 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 2 25 theme SE-MWCNT 318:325 arg1 amount 308:313 Five different amount 293:313 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% 293:353 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 2 25 theme SE-MWCNT 318:325 arg1 SE-MWCNT 318:325 SE-MWCNT 318:325 SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% 318:353 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 7 26 theme polymer 1282:1288 arg1 membrane 1297:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 3 27 dep Fourier 600:606 arg1 transform 608:616 transform 608:616 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 608:836 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 7 28 with membrane 1297:1304 arg1 interaction 1344:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 6 29 theme fabricated 1153:1162 arg1 plant 1186:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant 1140:1190 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 3 30 dep transform 608:616 arg1 infrared 618:625 infrared 618:625 infrared 618:625 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 0 31 theme carbon 24:29 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of tethered carbon 0:29 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 7 32 with performance 1385:1395 arg1 rejection 1427:1435 the salt rejection 1418:1435 the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1418:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 2 33 theme glycol 429:434 arg1 matrix 456:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix 398:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method 398:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 0 34 theme tethered 15:22 arg1 carbon 24:29 tethered carbon 15:29 tethered carbon 15:29 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 3 35 theme scanning 648:655 arg1 SEM 678:680 SEM 678:680 SEM 678:680 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 3 35 theme scanning 648:655 arg1 microscopy 666:675 scanning electron microscopy 648:675 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 648:681 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 2 36 theme different 298:306 arg1 amount 308:313 Five different amount 293:313 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% 293:353 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 2 36 theme different 298:306 arg1 SE-MWCNT 318:325 SE-MWCNT 318:325 SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% 318:353 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 2 37 theme acetate/polyethylene 408:427 arg1 matrix 456:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix 398:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method 398:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 4 38 theme thermal 924:930 arg1 properties 932:941 thermal properties 924:941 thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT 924:971 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 3 39 theme electron 657:664 arg1 SEM 678:680 SEM 678:680 SEM 678:680 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 3 39 theme electron 657:664 arg1 microscopy 666:675 scanning electron microscopy 648:675 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 648:681 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 7 40 theme membrane 1404:1411 arg1 performance 1385:1395 the salt rejection performance 1366:1395 the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1366:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 4 41 theme SE-MWCNT 964:971 arg1 addition 952:959 the addition 948:959 the addition of SE-MWCNT 948:971 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 2 42 theme cellulose 398:406 arg1 matrix 456:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix 398:461 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method 398:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 3 43 theme matrix 822:827 arg1 membrane 829:836 CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 804:836 CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 804:836 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 4 44 from improvement 909:919 arg1 properties 932:941 thermal properties 924:941 thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT 924:971 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 45 dep engineered 202:211 arg1 surface 194:200 surface 194:200 surface 194:200 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 45 dep engineered 202:211 arg1 SE 214:215 SE 214:215 SE 214:215 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 0 46 theme acetate/polyethylene 54:73 arg1 membranes 96:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes 44:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis 44:124 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 3 47 theme dispersed 755:763 arg1 SE-MWCNT 765:772 the dispersed SE-MWCNT 751:772 the dispersed SE-MWCNT 751:772 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 4 48 theme membranes 879:887 arg1 TGA 871:873 TGA 871:873 TGA 871:873 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 4 48 theme membranes 879:887 arg1 analysis 861:868 The thermogravimetric analysis 839:868 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes 839:887 The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of membranes also suggested some improvement in thermal properties with the addition of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 0 49 theme glycol-400 75:84 arg1 membranes 96:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes 44:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis 44:124 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 6 50 theme salt 1100:1103 arg1 rejection 1105:1113 salt rejection 1100:1113 salt rejection 1100:1113 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 7 51 theme matrix 1290:1295 arg1 membrane 1297:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 0 52 theme cellulose 44:52 arg1 membranes 96:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes 44:104 cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis 44:124 Fabrication of tethered carbon nanotubes in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol-400 composite membranes for reverse osmosis. 26256386 7 53 theme salt 1370:1373 arg1 performance 1385:1395 the salt rejection performance 1366:1395 the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1366:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 7 54 theme rejection 1375:1383 arg1 performance 1385:1395 the salt rejection performance 1366:1395 the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1366:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 6 55 theme feed 1211:1214 arg1 solution 1216:1223 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution 1197:1223 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution 1197:1223 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 5 56 theme membranes 1008:1016 arg1 performance 987:997 the performance 983:997 the performance of these membranes 983:1016 Finally, the performance of these membranes was assessed for suitability in drinking water treatment. 26256386 1 57 theme pristine 141:148 arg1 nanotubes 170:178 pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes 141:178 pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 141:187 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 57 theme pristine 141:148 arg1 MWCNTs 181:186 MWCNTs 181:186 MWCNTs 181:186 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 58 theme strong 221:226 arg1 medium 235:240 strong acidic medium 221:240 strong acidic medium 221:240 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 7 59 theme % 1444:1444 arg1 rejection 1427:1435 the salt rejection 1418:1435 the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT 1418:1480 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 6 60 theme NaCl 1206:1209 arg1 solution 1216:1223 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution 1197:1223 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution 1197:1223 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 1 61 theme multi-walled 150:161 arg1 nanotubes 170:178 pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes 141:178 pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 141:187 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 61 theme multi-walled 150:161 arg1 MWCNTs 181:186 MWCNTs 181:186 MWCNTs 181:186 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 62 theme acidic 228:233 arg1 medium 235:240 strong acidic medium 221:240 strong acidic medium 221:240 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 2 63 theme casting 507:513 arg1 method 515:520 dissolution casting method 495:520 dissolution casting method 495:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 6 64 theme ppm 1202:1204 arg1 solution 1216:1223 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution 1197:1223 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution 1197:1223 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 3 65 dep infrared 618:625 arg1 showed 739:744 showed 739:744 showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 739:836 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 1 66 theme carbon 163:168 arg1 nanotubes 170:178 pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes 141:178 pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 141:187 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 1 66 theme carbon 163:168 arg1 MWCNTs 181:186 MWCNTs 181:186 MWCNTs 181:186 In this study pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface engineered (SE) in strong acidic medium by oxidation purification method to form SE-MWCNT. 26256386 7 67 theme strong 1312:1317 arg1 interaction 1344:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction 1312:1354 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 2 68 theme dissolution 495:505 arg1 method 515:520 dissolution casting method 495:520 dissolution casting method 495:520 Five different amount of SE-MWCNT ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% were thoroughly and uniformly dispersed in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG400) polymer matrix during synthesis of membrane by dissolution casting method. 26256386 3 69 theme atomic 688:693 arg1 AFM 713:715 AFM 713:715 AFM 713:715 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 3 69 theme atomic 688:693 arg1 microscopy 701:710 atomic force microscopy 688:710 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 688:716 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 26256386 6 70 theme 1000 1197:1200 arg1 ppm 1202:1204 ppm 1202:1204 ppm 1202:1204 The permeation flux and salt rejection were determined by using indigenously fabricated reverse osmosis pilot plant with 1000 ppm NaCl feed solution. 26256386 7 71 theme SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 1263:1280 arg1 membrane 1297:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane 1250:1304 The results showed that the tethered SE-MWCNT/CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane, with strong SE-MWCNTs/polymer matrix interaction, improved the salt rejection performance of the membrane with the salt rejection of 99.8% for the highest content of SE-MWCNT. 26256386 3 72 theme structural 527:536 arg1 analysis 538:545 The structural analysis 523:545 The structural analysis 523:545 The structural analysis, surface morphology and roughness was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed that the dispersed SE-MWCNT was substantially tethered in CA/PEG400 polymer matrix membrane. 29171778 0 0 theme diffusion 71:79 arg1 coefficient 81:91 diffusion coefficient 71:91 diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment 71:166 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 2 1 from loss 404:407 arg1 region 424:429 the stomach region 412:429 the stomach region 412:429 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 1 2 theme Oral 169:172 arg1 administration 182:195 Oral insulin administration 169:195 Oral insulin administration 169:195 Oral insulin administration is limited due to its degradation by proteases. 29171778 0 3 from Effect 0:5 arg1 coefficient 81:91 diffusion coefficient 71:91 diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment 71:166 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 2 4 theme located 489:495 arg1 area 483:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 3 5 theme Diffusion 515:523 arg1 coefficients 525:536 Diffusion coefficients 515:536 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions 515:565 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 2 6 with alginate 313:320 arg1 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 6 with alginate 313:320 arg1 isolate 365:371 whey protein isolate 352:371 whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) 352:381 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 3 7 dep pH 654:655 arg1 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1 668:687 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1 668:687 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1 668:687 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 3 7 dep pH 654:655 arg1 21.11 658:662 21.11 658:662 21.11 658:662 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 1 8 theme insulin 174:180 arg1 administration 182:195 Oral insulin administration 169:195 Oral insulin administration 169:195 Oral insulin administration is limited due to its degradation by proteases. 29171778 0 9 theme insulin 96:102 arg1 coefficient 81:91 diffusion coefficient 71:91 diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment 71:166 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 2 10 from liberation 446:455 arg1 area 483:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 5 11 theme most 847:850 arg1 cases 852:856 most cases 847:856 most cases 847:856 The analytic model exhibited a good fit in most cases. 29171778 2 12 theme stomach 416:422 arg1 region 424:429 the stomach region 412:429 the stomach region 412:429 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 6 13 theme Computer 859:866 arg1 simulations 868:878 Computer simulations 859:878 Computer simulations 859:878 Computer simulations revealed that ALG spheres are more convenient for oral administration because they release more insulin in the intestine than the WPI-ALG ones, thus supporting its therapeutic viability for the purpose of reducing stress in those who depend on insulin. 29171778 0 14 theme concentration 54:66 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 0:167 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 3 15 theme matrix 547:552 arg1 compositions 554:565 both matrix compositions 542:565 both matrix compositions 542:565 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 6 16 theme therapeutic 1044:1054 arg1 viability 1056:1064 its therapeutic viability 1040:1064 its therapeutic viability 1040:1064 Computer simulations revealed that ALG spheres are more convenient for oral administration because they release more insulin in the intestine than the WPI-ALG ones, thus supporting its therapeutic viability for the purpose of reducing stress in those who depend on insulin. 29171778 0 17 theme composition 17:27 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 0:167 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 4 18 theme insulin 706:712 arg1 concentrations 714:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations 691:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations 691:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations and lower diameters accelerated its release, confirming Fickian behaviour. 29171778 0 19 theme gastrointestinal 119:134 arg1 delivery 136:143 controlled gastrointestinal delivery 108:143 controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment 108:166 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 2 20 theme calcium 305:311 arg1 ALG 323:325 ALG 323:325 ALG 323:325 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 20 theme calcium 305:311 arg1 alginate 313:320 pure calcium alginate 300:320 pure calcium alginate (ALG) 300:326 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 21 theme minimise 395:402 arg1 loss 404:407 minimise loss 395:407 minimise loss in the stomach region 395:429 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 0 22 theme matrix 10:15 arg1 composition 17:27 matrix composition 10:27 matrix composition 10:27 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 0 23 theme controlled 108:117 arg1 delivery 136:143 controlled gastrointestinal delivery 108:143 controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment 108:166 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 2 24 theme pure 300:303 arg1 ALG 323:325 ALG 323:325 ALG 323:325 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 24 theme pure 300:303 arg1 alginate 313:320 pure calcium alginate 300:320 pure calcium alginate (ALG) 300:326 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 0 25 theme sphere 30:35 arg1 size 37:40 sphere size 30:40 sphere size 30:40 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 5 26 theme good 835:838 arg1 fit 840:842 a good fit 833:842 a good fit 833:842 The analytic model exhibited a good fit in most cases. 29171778 5 27 theme analytic 808:815 arg1 model 817:821 The analytic model 804:821 The analytic model 804:821 The analytic model exhibited a good fit in most cases. 29171778 3 28 dep pH 604:605 arg1 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1 617:636 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1 617:636 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1 617:636 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 3 28 dep pH 604:605 arg1 5.88 608:611 5.88 608:611 5.88 608:611 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 6 29 theme oral 930:933 arg1 administration 935:948 oral administration 930:948 oral administration 930:948 Computer simulations revealed that ALG spheres are more convenient for oral administration because they release more insulin in the intestine than the WPI-ALG ones, thus supporting its therapeutic viability for the purpose of reducing stress in those who depend on insulin. 29171778 0 30 theme hormone 46:52 arg1 concentration 54:66 hormone concentration 46:66 hormone concentration 46:66 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 0 31 theme size 37:40 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 0:167 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 0 32 theme diabetes 149:156 arg1 treatment 158:166 diabetes treatment 149:166 diabetes treatment 149:166 Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment. 29171778 3 33 theme intestinal 643:652 arg1 pH 654:655 intestinal pH 643:655 intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1) 643:688 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 2 34 with association 335:345 arg1 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 34 with association 335:345 arg1 isolate 365:371 whey protein isolate 352:371 whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) 352:381 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 3 35 theme gastric 596:602 arg1 pH 604:605 gastric pH 596:605 gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) 596:637 Diffusion coefficients for both matrix compositions were determined in vitro for gastric pH (5.88 and 10.26 × 10-12 m2 s-1) and intestinal pH (21.11 and 79.29 × 10-12 m2 s-1). 29171778 4 36 theme initial 698:704 arg1 concentrations 714:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations 691:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations 691:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations and lower diameters accelerated its release, confirming Fickian behaviour. 29171778 4 37 theme lower 733:737 arg1 diameters 739:747 lower diameters 733:747 lower diameters 733:747 Higher initial insulin concentrations and lower diameters accelerated its release, confirming Fickian behaviour. 29171778 2 38 from intestine 504:512 arg1 located 489:495 located 489:495 located 489:495 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 4 39 theme Higher 691:696 arg1 concentrations 714:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations 691:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations 691:727 Higher initial insulin concentrations and lower diameters accelerated its release, confirming Fickian behaviour. 29171778 6 40 theme WPI-ALG 1010:1016 arg1 ones 1018:1021 the WPI-ALG ones 1006:1021 the WPI-ALG ones 1006:1021 Computer simulations revealed that ALG spheres are more convenient for oral administration because they release more insulin in the intestine than the WPI-ALG ones, thus supporting its therapeutic viability for the purpose of reducing stress in those who depend on insulin. 29171778 2 41 theme absorption 472:481 arg1 area 483:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 42 from located 489:495 arg1 intestine 504:512 the intestine 500:512 the intestine 500:512 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 43 theme protein 357:363 arg1 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 43 theme protein 357:363 arg1 isolate 365:371 whey protein isolate 352:371 whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) 352:381 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 6 44 theme ALG 894:896 arg1 spheres 898:904 ALG spheres 894:904 ALG spheres 894:904 Computer simulations revealed that ALG spheres are more convenient for oral administration because they release more insulin in the intestine than the WPI-ALG ones, thus supporting its therapeutic viability for the purpose of reducing stress in those who depend on insulin. 29171778 2 45 theme maximum 464:470 arg1 area 483:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 the maximum absorption area 460:486 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 4 46 theme Fickian 785:791 arg1 behaviour 793:801 Fickian behaviour 785:801 Fickian behaviour 785:801 Higher initial insulin concentrations and lower diameters accelerated its release, confirming Fickian behaviour. 29171778 6 47 from stress 1094:1099 arg1 those 1104:1108 those 1104:1108 those 1104:1108 Computer simulations revealed that ALG spheres are more convenient for oral administration because they release more insulin in the intestine than the WPI-ALG ones, thus supporting its therapeutic viability for the purpose of reducing stress in those who depend on insulin. 29171778 2 48 theme whey 352:355 arg1 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 WPI-ALG 374:380 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 29171778 2 48 theme whey 352:355 arg1 isolate 365:371 whey protein isolate 352:371 whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) 352:381 The hormone was encapsulated in spheres made of either pure calcium alginate (ALG) or its association with whey protein isolate (WPI-ALG) in order to minimise loss in the stomach region while allowing liberation in the maximum absorption area, located in the intestine. 24837930 0 0 theme mushroom 90:97 arg1 fungi--assessment 99:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 7 1 theme spent 1226:1230 arg1 material 1232:1239 spent material 1226:1239 spent material 1226:1239 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 7 1 theme spent 1226:1230 arg1 feed 1270:1273 animal feed 1263:1273 animal feed due to its upgraded properties 1263:1304 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 7 2 theme high 1191:1194 arg1 potential 1196:1204 high potential 1191:1204 high potential 1191:1204 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 5 3 theme Mushroom 968:975 arg1 analysis 987:994 Mushroom proximate analysis 968:994 Mushroom proximate analysis 968:994 Mushroom proximate analysis revealed significant variations of constituents depending on the substrate. 24837930 0 4 from properties 174:183 arg1 fungi--assessment 99:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 4 from properties 174:183 arg1 cylindracea 54:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 7 5 theme upgraded 1286:1293 arg1 properties 1295:1304 its upgraded properties 1282:1304 its upgraded properties 1282:1304 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 3 6 theme substrates 695:704 arg1 hemicelluloses 652:665 hemicelluloses 652:665 hemicelluloses 652:665 Biological efficiency was positively correlated with nitrogen, lignin and ash, and negatively with hemicelluloses and carbohydrate content of substrates. 24837930 3 6 theme substrates 695:704 arg1 content 684:690 carbohydrate content 671:690 carbohydrate content of substrates 671:704 Biological efficiency was positively correlated with nitrogen, lignin and ash, and negatively with hemicelluloses and carbohydrate content of substrates. 24837930 4 7 theme fibre 808:812 arg1 fractions 814:822 fibre fractions 808:822 fibre fractions 808:822 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 1 8 theme Pleurotus 303:311 arg1 ostreatus 313:321 Pleurotus ostreatus 303:321 Pleurotus ostreatus 303:321 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products were subjected to solid-state fermentation by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus, and the process and end-products were comparatively evaluated. 24837930 6 9 theme Crude 1072:1076 arg1 protein 1078:1084 Crude protein 1072:1084 Crude protein 1072:1084 Crude protein and fat were correlated with substrates nitrogen for both species. 24837930 0 10 from cylindracea 54:64 arg1 product 146:152 the final product 136:152 the final product 136:152 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 10 from cylindracea 54:64 arg1 properties 174:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 7 11 theme potential 1196:1204 arg1 substrates 1177:1186 Alternative cultivation substrates 1153:1186 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential 1153:1204 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 0 12 theme effect 126:131 arg1 fungi--assessment 99:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 12 theme effect 126:131 arg1 cylindracea 54:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 2 13 theme marked 507:512 arg1 effect 514:519 a marked effect 505:519 a marked effect 505:519 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 1 14 theme agro-industrial 191:205 arg1 by-products 220:230 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products 186:230 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products 186:230 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products were subjected to solid-state fermentation by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus, and the process and end-products were comparatively evaluated. 24837930 2 15 theme substrate 479:487 arg1 composition 489:499 substrate composition 479:499 substrate composition 479:499 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 4 16 theme mycelial 912:919 arg1 biomass 921:927 residual mycelial biomass 903:927 residual mycelial biomass 903:927 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 2 17 contain had 501:503 arg2 effect 514:519 a marked effect 505:519 a marked effect 505:519 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 17 contain had 501:503 arg1 composition 489:499 substrate composition 479:499 substrate composition 479:499 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 4 18 theme mushroom 945:952 arg1 productivity 954:965 mushroom productivity 945:965 mushroom productivity 945:965 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 4 19 theme high 737:740 arg1 reductions 742:751 high reductions 737:751 high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin 737:805 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 7 20 theme due 1275:1277 arg1 material 1232:1239 spent material 1226:1239 spent material 1226:1239 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 7 20 theme due 1275:1277 arg1 feed 1270:1273 animal feed 1263:1273 animal feed due to its upgraded properties 1263:1304 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 4 21 theme residual 903:910 arg1 biomass 921:927 residual mycelial biomass 903:927 residual mycelial biomass 903:927 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 1 22 theme forestry 211:218 arg1 by-products 220:230 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products 186:230 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products 186:230 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products were subjected to solid-state fermentation by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus, and the process and end-products were comparatively evaluated. 24837930 0 23 theme residues 33:40 arg1 Bioconversion 0:12 Bioconversion 0:12 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 0:184 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 24 theme final 140:144 arg1 product 146:152 the final product 136:152 the final product 136:152 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 5 25 theme constituents 1031:1042 arg1 variations 1017:1026 significant variations 1005:1026 significant variations of constituents 1005:1042 Mushroom proximate analysis revealed significant variations of constituents depending on the substrate. 24837930 0 26 theme lignocellulosic 17:31 arg1 residues 33:40 lignocellulosic residues 17:40 lignocellulosic residues 17:40 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 27 from fungi--assessment 99:115 arg1 product 146:152 the final product 136:152 the final product 136:152 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 27 from fungi--assessment 99:115 arg1 properties 174:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 28 dep Pleurotus 70:78 arg1 ostreatus 80:88 ostreatus 80:88 ostreatus 80:88 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 3 29 theme Biological 553:562 arg1 efficiency 564:573 Biological efficiency 553:573 Biological efficiency 553:573 Biological efficiency was positively correlated with nitrogen, lignin and ash, and negatively with hemicelluloses and carbohydrate content of substrates. 24837930 0 30 theme Agrocybe 45:52 arg1 cylindracea 54:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 6 31 theme substrates 1115:1124 arg1 nitrogen 1126:1133 substrates nitrogen 1115:1133 substrates nitrogen for both species 1115:1150 Crude protein and fat were correlated with substrates nitrogen for both species. 24837930 7 32 theme Alternative 1153:1163 arg1 substrates 1177:1186 Alternative cultivation substrates 1153:1186 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential 1153:1204 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 2 33 theme performing 439:448 arg1 medium 450:455 the best performing medium 430:455 the best performing medium for both fungi 430:470 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 33 theme performing 439:448 arg1 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 33 theme performing 439:448 arg1 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 7 34 theme cultivation 1165:1175 arg1 substrates 1177:1186 Alternative cultivation substrates 1153:1186 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential 1153:1204 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 0 35 theme substrate 164:172 arg1 properties 174:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 2 36 theme most 524:527 arg1 parameters 541:550 most cultivation parameters 524:550 most cultivation parameters 524:550 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 4 37 theme materials 886:894 arg1 fat 855:857 fat 855:857 fat 855:857 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 4 37 theme materials 886:894 arg1 content 867:873 ash content 863:873 ash content of initial materials 863:894 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 4 37 theme materials 886:894 arg1 nitrogen 845:852 nitrogen 845:852 nitrogen 845:852 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 2 38 theme marc 393:396 arg1 medium 450:455 the best performing medium 430:455 the best performing medium for both fungi 430:470 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 38 theme marc 393:396 arg1 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 38 theme marc 393:396 arg1 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 0 39 theme spent 158:162 arg1 properties 174:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 4 40 theme initial 878:884 arg1 materials 886:894 initial materials 878:894 initial materials 878:894 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 2 41 theme Grape 387:391 arg1 medium 450:455 the best performing medium 430:455 the best performing medium for both fungi 430:470 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 41 theme Grape 387:391 arg1 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 41 theme Grape 387:391 arg1 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 0 42 from effect 126:131 arg1 product 146:152 the final product 136:152 the final product 136:152 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 42 from effect 126:131 arg1 properties 174:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 spent substrate properties 158:183 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 1 43 theme solid-state 250:260 arg1 fermentation 262:273 solid-state fermentation 250:273 solid-state fermentation by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus 250:321 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products were subjected to solid-state fermentation by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus, and the process and end-products were comparatively evaluated. 24837930 5 44 theme proximate 977:985 arg1 analysis 987:994 Mushroom proximate analysis 968:994 Mushroom proximate analysis 968:994 Mushroom proximate analysis revealed significant variations of constituents depending on the substrate. 24837930 3 45 theme carbohydrate 671:682 arg1 content 684:690 carbohydrate content 671:690 carbohydrate content of substrates 671:704 Biological efficiency was positively correlated with nitrogen, lignin and ash, and negatively with hemicelluloses and carbohydrate content of substrates. 24837930 5 46 theme significant 1005:1015 arg1 variations 1017:1026 significant variations 1005:1026 significant variations of constituents 1005:1042 Mushroom proximate analysis revealed significant variations of constituents depending on the substrate. 24837930 0 47 from product 146:152 arg1 fungi--assessment 99:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 0 47 from product 146:152 arg1 cylindracea 54:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Agrocybe cylindracea 45:64 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 2 48 theme cultivation 529:539 arg1 parameters 541:550 most cultivation parameters 524:550 most cultivation parameters 524:550 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 4 49 from reductions 742:751 arg1 hemicelluloses 756:769 hemicelluloses 756:769 hemicelluloses 756:769 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 4 49 from reductions 742:751 arg1 contrast 788:795 contrast 788:795 contrast to lignin 788:805 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 4 49 from reductions 742:751 arg1 cellulose 775:783 cellulose 775:783 cellulose 775:783 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 4 50 theme ash 863:865 arg1 content 867:873 ash content 863:873 ash content of initial materials 863:894 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 2 51 theme gin 416:418 arg1 medium 450:455 the best performing medium 430:455 the best performing medium for both fungi 430:470 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 51 theme gin 416:418 arg1 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 51 theme gin 416:418 arg1 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 4 52 theme Spent 707:711 arg1 substrates 713:722 Spent substrates 707:722 Spent substrates 707:722 Spent substrates demonstrated high reductions in hemicelluloses and cellulose in contrast to lignin; fibre fractions were correlated with nitrogen, fat and ash content of initial materials, while residual mycelial biomass was affected by mushroom productivity. 24837930 0 53 theme Pleurotus 70:78 arg1 fungi--assessment 99:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment 70:115 Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom fungi--assessment of their effect on the final product and spent substrate properties. 24837930 7 54 theme animal 1263:1268 arg1 material 1232:1239 spent material 1226:1239 spent material 1226:1239 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 7 54 theme animal 1263:1268 arg1 feed 1270:1273 animal feed 1263:1273 animal feed due to its upgraded properties 1263:1304 Alternative cultivation substrates of high potential are proposed, while spent material could be exploited as animal feed due to its upgraded properties. 24837930 2 55 theme cotton 409:414 arg1 medium 450:455 the best performing medium 430:455 the best performing medium for both fungi 430:470 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 55 theme cotton 409:414 arg1 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 trash 420:424 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 2 55 theme cotton 409:414 arg1 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash 387:424 waste 398:402 Grape marc waste plus cotton gin trash was the best performing medium for both fungi, while substrate composition had a marked effect on most cultivation parameters. 24837930 1 56 theme Agrocybe 278:285 arg1 cylindracea 287:297 Agrocybe cylindracea 278:297 Agrocybe cylindracea 278:297 Nine agro-industrial and forestry by-products were subjected to solid-state fermentation by Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus, and the process and end-products were comparatively evaluated. 27987872 0 0 theme polylactic 68:77 arg1 polyphosphate 93:105 polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate 68:105 polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate 68:105 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 3 1 theme V-0 606:608 arg1 rating 610:615 the UL-94 V-0 rating 596:615 the UL-94 V-0 rating 596:615 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 6 2 theme diffraction 1193:1203 arg1 results 1243:1249 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results 1187:1249 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results 1187:1249 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 5 3 theme carbon 975:980 arg1 CS 951:952 CS 951:952 CS 951:952 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 3 theme carbon 975:980 arg1 effects 1123:1129 synergistic effects 1111:1129 synergistic effects 1111:1129 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 3 theme carbon 975:980 arg1 agent 982:986 a novel carbon agent 967:986 a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups 967:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 4 theme high 1002:1005 arg1 content 1007:1013 its high content 998:1013 its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups 998:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 0 5 from effect 4:9 arg1 flammability 30:41 flammability 30:41 flammability 30:41 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 0 5 from effect 4:9 arg1 stability 55:63 thermal stability 47:63 thermal stability 47:63 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 4 6 theme dense 766:770 arg1 char 808:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 5 7 theme novel 969:973 arg1 CS 951:952 CS 951:952 CS 951:952 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 7 theme novel 969:973 arg1 effects 1123:1129 synergistic effects 1111:1129 synergistic effects 1111:1129 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 7 theme novel 969:973 arg1 agent 982:986 a novel carbon agent 967:986 a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups 967:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 1 8 theme polylactic 242:251 arg1 PLA 259:261 PLA 259:261 PLA 259:261 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 1 8 theme polylactic 242:251 arg1 acid 253:256 polylactic acid 242:256 polylactic acid (PLA) 242:262 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 0 9 theme polyphosphate 93:105 arg1 flammability 30:41 flammability 30:41 flammability 30:41 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 0 9 theme polyphosphate 93:105 arg1 stability 55:63 thermal stability 47:63 thermal stability 47:63 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 5 10 theme gravity 919:925 arg1 analysis 927:934 thermal gravity analysis 911:934 thermal gravity analysis 911:934 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 3 11 contain containing 521:530 arg2 APP 545:547 5% APP 542:547 5% APP 542:547 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 3 11 contain containing 521:530 arg2 CS 535:536 2% CS 532:536 2% CS 532:536 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 3 11 contain containing 521:530 arg1 sample 514:519 the PLA sample 506:519 the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP 506:547 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 0 12 theme acid/ammonium 79:91 arg1 polyphosphate 93:105 polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate 68:105 polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate 68:105 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 1 13 theme biocomposites 320:332 arg1 retardancy 302:311 the flame retardancy 292:311 the flame retardancy of the biocomposites 292:332 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 4 14 theme homogeneous 773:783 arg1 char 808:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 4 15 from presence 836:843 arg1 PLA 862:864 PLA 862:864 PLA 862:864 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 6 16 theme X-ray 1187:1191 arg1 diffraction 1193:1203 X-ray diffraction 1187:1203 X-ray diffraction 1187:1203 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 4 17 theme APP 848:850 arg1 presence 836:843 the presence 832:843 the presence of APP and CS in PLA 832:864 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 4 18 theme electron 734:741 arg1 microscope 743:752 scanning electron microscope 725:752 scanning electron microscope 725:752 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 6 19 theme PLA 1333:1335 arg1 crystallization 1314:1328 the crystallization 1310:1328 the crystallization of PLA 1310:1335 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 2 20 theme composites 359:368 arg1 flammability 339:350 The flammability 335:350 The flammability of the composites 335:368 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 5 21 theme thermal 911:917 arg1 analysis 927:934 thermal gravity analysis 911:934 thermal gravity analysis 911:934 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 3 22 theme peak 636:639 arg1 rate 654:657 the peak heat release rate 632:657 the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2 632:671 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 6 23 theme APP 1285:1287 arg1 presence 1273:1280 the presence 1269:1280 the presence of APP and CS 1269:1294 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 5 24 theme groups 1050:1055 arg1 content 1007:1013 its high content 998:1013 its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups 998:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 3 25 theme PLA 510:512 arg1 sample 514:519 the PLA sample 506:519 the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP 506:547 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 4 26 theme continuous 789:798 arg1 char 808:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 4 27 dep indicated 754:762 arg1 formed 822:827 formed 822:827 indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA 754:864 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 3 28 theme heat 641:644 arg1 rate 654:657 the peak heat release rate 632:657 the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2 632:671 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 5 29 theme biocomposites 1172:1184 arg1 retardancy 1154:1163 the flame retardancy 1144:1163 the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites 1144:1184 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 0 30 theme chitosan 14:21 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate 0:105 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 3 31 theme release 646:652 arg1 rate 654:657 the peak heat release rate 632:657 the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2 632:671 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 6 32 theme calorimetry 1231:1241 arg1 results 1243:1249 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results 1187:1249 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results 1187:1249 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 4 33 theme residue 714:720 arg1 characterization 689:704 The morphology characterization 674:704 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope 674:752 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 2 34 theme oxygen 400:405 arg1 LOI 414:416 LOI 414:416 LOI 414:416 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 34 theme oxygen 400:405 arg1 index 407:411 oxygen index 400:411 oxygen index (LOI) 400:417 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 34 theme oxygen 400:405 arg1 test 443:446 UL-94 vertical burning test 420:446 UL-94 vertical burning test 420:446 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 34 theme oxygen 400:405 arg1 test 469:472 cone calorimetry test 452:472 cone calorimetry test (CONE) 452:479 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 6 35 theme scanning 1222:1229 arg1 calorimetry 1231:1241 differential scanning calorimetry 1209:1241 differential scanning calorimetry 1209:1241 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 3 36 theme maximal 562:568 arg1 value 574:578 the maximal LOI value 558:578 the maximal LOI value of 33.1 558:586 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 2 37 theme burning 435:441 arg1 test 443:446 UL-94 vertical burning test 420:446 UL-94 vertical burning test 420:446 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 37 theme burning 435:441 arg1 index 407:411 oxygen index 400:411 oxygen index (LOI) 400:417 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 1 38 theme melt 267:270 arg1 blending 272:279 melt blending 267:279 melt blending 267:279 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 6 39 theme differential 1209:1220 arg1 calorimetry 1231:1241 differential scanning calorimetry 1209:1241 differential scanning calorimetry 1209:1241 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 3 40 theme LOI 570:572 arg1 value 574:578 the maximal LOI value 558:578 the maximal LOI value of 33.1 558:586 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 3 41 theme % 533:533 arg1 CS 535:536 2% CS 532:536 2% CS 532:536 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 5 42 dep Fourier 867:873 arg1 transform 875:883 transform 875:883 transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis 875:934 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 2 43 theme vertical 426:433 arg1 test 443:446 UL-94 vertical burning test 420:446 UL-94 vertical burning test 420:446 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 43 theme vertical 426:433 arg1 index 407:411 oxygen index 400:411 oxygen index (LOI) 400:417 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 5 44 theme carbon 1018:1023 arg1 atoms 1025:1029 carbon atoms 1018:1029 carbon atoms 1018:1029 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 1 45 with association 191:201 arg1 APP 232:234 APP 232:234 APP 232:234 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 1 45 with association 191:201 arg1 polyphosphate 217:229 ammonium polyphosphate 208:229 ammonium polyphosphate (APP) 208:235 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 0 46 dep flammability 30:41 arg1 the 26:28 the 26:28 the 26:28 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 1 47 theme ammonium 208:215 arg1 APP 232:234 APP 232:234 APP 232:234 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 1 47 theme ammonium 208:215 arg1 polyphosphate 217:229 ammonium polyphosphate 208:229 ammonium polyphosphate (APP) 208:235 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 5 48 theme atoms 1025:1029 arg1 content 1007:1013 its high content 998:1013 its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups 998:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 4 49 theme residue 800:806 arg1 char 808:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char 764:811 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 0 50 theme thermal 47:53 arg1 stability 55:63 thermal stability 47:63 thermal stability 47:63 The effect of chitosan on the flammability and thermal stability of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate biocomposites. 27987872 4 51 theme scanning 725:732 arg1 microscope 743:752 scanning electron microscope 725:752 scanning electron microscope 725:752 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 6 52 theme CS 1293:1294 arg1 presence 1273:1280 the presence 1269:1280 the presence of APP and CS 1269:1294 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the presence of APP and CS could promote the crystallization of PLA. 27987872 3 53 theme UL-94 600:604 arg1 rating 610:615 the UL-94 V-0 rating 596:615 the UL-94 V-0 rating 596:615 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 3 54 theme 33.1 583:586 arg1 value 574:578 the maximal LOI value 558:578 the maximal LOI value of 33.1 558:586 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 3 55 theme 2 532:532 arg1 % 533:533 % 533:533 % 533:533 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 5 56 theme flame 1148:1152 arg1 retardancy 1154:1163 the flame retardancy 1144:1163 the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites 1144:1184 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 57 theme multi-hydroxyl 1035:1048 arg1 groups 1050:1055 multi-hydroxyl groups 1035:1055 multi-hydroxyl groups 1035:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 4 58 theme morphology 678:687 arg1 characterization 689:704 The morphology characterization 674:704 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope 674:752 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 3 59 theme % 543:543 arg1 APP 545:547 5% APP 542:547 5% APP 542:547 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 4 60 theme char 709:712 arg1 residue 714:720 char residue 709:720 char residue 709:720 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 4 61 attach presence 836:843 arg1 PLA 862:864 PLA 862:864 PLA 862:864 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 4 61 attach presence 836:843 arg2 CS 856:857 CS 856:857 CS 856:857 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 4 61 attach presence 836:843 arg2 APP 848:850 APP 848:850 APP 848:850 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 2 62 theme calorimetry 457:467 arg1 index 407:411 oxygen index 400:411 oxygen index (LOI) 400:417 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 62 theme calorimetry 457:467 arg1 CONE 475:478 CONE 475:478 CONE 475:478 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 62 theme calorimetry 457:467 arg1 test 469:472 cone calorimetry test 452:472 cone calorimetry test (CONE) 452:479 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 5 63 theme infrared 885:892 arg1 spectroscopy 894:905 infrared spectroscopy 885:905 infrared spectroscopy 885:905 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 1 64 theme recent 144:149 arg1 efforts 151:157 our recent efforts 140:157 our recent efforts 140:157 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 5 65 theme PLA 1168:1170 arg1 biocomposites 1172:1184 PLA biocomposites 1168:1184 PLA biocomposites 1168:1184 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 4 66 theme CS 856:857 arg1 presence 836:843 the presence 832:843 the presence of APP and CS in PLA 832:864 The morphology characterization of char residue by scanning electron microscope indicated a dense, homogeneous and continuous residue char could be formed by the presence of APP and CS in PLA. 27987872 2 67 theme cone 452:455 arg1 index 407:411 oxygen index 400:411 oxygen index (LOI) 400:417 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 67 theme cone 452:455 arg1 CONE 475:478 CONE 475:478 CONE 475:478 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 2 67 theme cone 452:455 arg1 test 469:472 cone calorimetry test 452:472 cone calorimetry test (CONE) 452:479 The flammability of the composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry test (CONE). 27987872 1 68 theme flame 296:300 arg1 retardancy 302:311 the flame retardancy 292:311 the flame retardancy of the biocomposites 292:332 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 3 69 theme 5 542:542 arg1 % 543:543 % 543:543 % 543:543 The results showed that the PLA sample containing 2% CS and 5% APP achieved the maximal LOI value of 33.1, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and decreased the peak heat release rate to 425.6kW/m2. 27987872 1 70 from chitosan 174:181 arg1 association 191:201 association 191:201 association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) 191:235 This work reports our recent efforts on introducing chitosan (CS) in association with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending to improve the flame retardancy of the biocomposites. 27987872 5 71 theme synergistic 1111:1121 arg1 CS 951:952 CS 951:952 CS 951:952 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 71 theme synergistic 1111:1121 arg1 effects 1123:1129 synergistic effects 1111:1129 synergistic effects 1111:1129 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 27987872 5 71 theme synergistic 1111:1121 arg1 agent 982:986 a novel carbon agent 967:986 a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups 967:1055 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis suggested that CS could act as a novel carbon agent owning to its high content of carbon atoms and multi-hydroxyl groups, and the interaction between CS and APP could provide synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy of PLA biocomposites. 26876831 0 0 theme sensing 87:93 arg1 applications 95:106 chemical sensing applications 78:106 chemical sensing applications 78:106 Cellulose nanocrystals mediated assembly of graphene in rubber composites for chemical sensing applications. 26876831 4 1 theme unique 719:724 arg1 network 740:746 This unique 3D conductive network 714:746 This unique 3D conductive network 714:746 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 1 2 theme assembled 142:150 arg1 approach 152:159 a green assembled approach 134:159 a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 134:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 1 3 theme conductive 241:250 arg1 networks 252:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 0 4 theme chemical 78:85 arg1 applications 95:106 chemical sensing applications 78:106 chemical sensing applications 78:106 Cellulose nanocrystals mediated assembly of graphene in rubber composites for chemical sensing applications. 26876831 4 5 theme NR/graphene 895:905 arg1 composites 907:916 the conventional NR/graphene composites 878:916 the conventional NR/graphene composites 878:916 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 5 6 theme simple 1034:1039 arg1 route 1058:1062 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route 1025:1062 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring 1025:1219 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 2 7 theme water-dispersity 286:301 arg1 advantage 269:277 advantage 269:277 advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 269:352 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 4 8 theme organic 987:993 arg1 liquids 995:1001 organic liquids 987:1001 organic liquids 987:1001 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 5 9 theme various 1140:1146 arg1 leakage 1156:1162 discriminating various solvent leakage 1125:1162 discriminating various solvent leakage 1125:1162 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 3 10 theme graphene 557:564 arg1 CNC 566:568 the graphene@CNC 553:568 the graphene@CNC 553:568 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 2 11 dep water-dispersity 286:301 arg1 the 282:284 the 282:284 the 282:284 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 3 12 from space 622:626 arg1 located 594:600 located 594:600 located 594:600 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 4 13 theme conductive 729:738 arg1 network 740:746 This unique 3D conductive network 714:746 This unique 3D conductive network 714:746 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 4 14 theme NR 760:761 arg1 composites 763:772 the NR composites 756:772 the NR composites 756:772 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 2 15 theme CNC 379:381 arg1 colloids 391:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 5 16 from sensing 1113:1119 arg1 industry 1176:1183 chemical industry 1167:1183 chemical industry 1167:1183 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 5 17 theme leakage 1156:1162 arg1 capable 1102:1108 capable 1102:1108 capable 1102:1108 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 4 18 theme electric 799:806 arg1 conductivity 808:819 electric conductivity 799:819 electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites) 799:917 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 2 19 theme aqueous 383:389 arg1 colloids 391:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 5 20 from leakage 1156:1162 arg1 industry 1176:1183 chemical industry 1167:1183 chemical industry 1167:1183 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 4 21 theme conventional 882:893 arg1 composites 907:916 the conventional NR/graphene composites 878:916 the conventional NR/graphene composites 878:916 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 2 22 theme cellulose 325:333 arg1 CNC 349:351 CNC 349:351 CNC 349:351 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 2 22 theme cellulose 325:333 arg1 nanocrystals 335:346 cellulose nanocrystals 325:346 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 325:352 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 5 23 theme solvent 1148:1154 arg1 leakage 1156:1162 discriminating various solvent leakage 1125:1162 discriminating various solvent leakage 1125:1162 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 1 24 theme natural 172:178 arg1 composites 192:201 natural rubber (NR) composites 172:201 natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 172:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 0 25 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 nanocrystals 10:21 Cellulose nanocrystals 0:21 Cellulose nanocrystals 0:21 Cellulose nanocrystals mediated assembly of graphene in rubber composites for chemical sensing applications. 26876831 5 26 theme capable 1102:1108 arg1 sensors 1094:1100 liquid sensors 1087:1100 liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry 1087:1183 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 3 27 from located 594:600 arg1 space 622:626 the interstitial space 605:626 the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres 605:660 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 2 28 theme @ 378:378 arg1 colloids 391:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 2 29 theme CNC-mediated 425:436 arg1 reduction 438:446 the CNC-mediated reduction 421:446 the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide 421:464 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 2 30 theme suspended 360:368 arg1 colloids 391:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 4 31 theme resistivity 963:973 arg1 response 975:982 resistivity response 963:982 resistivity response to organic liquids 963:1001 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 2 32 theme amphiphilicity 307:320 arg1 advantage 269:277 advantage 269:277 advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 269:352 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 1 33 with composites 192:201 arg1 networks 252:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 1 34 theme NR 188:189 arg1 composites 192:201 natural rubber (NR) composites 172:201 natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 172:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 0 35 theme graphene 44:51 arg1 assembly 32:39 assembly 32:39 assembly of graphene 32:51 Cellulose nanocrystals mediated assembly of graphene in rubber composites for chemical sensing applications. 26876831 5 36 theme sensing 1113:1119 arg1 capable 1102:1108 capable 1102:1108 capable 1102:1108 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 1 37 theme rubber 180:185 arg1 composites 192:201 natural rubber (NR) composites 172:201 natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 172:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 3 38 theme latex 643:647 arg1 microspheres 649:660 the NR latex microspheres 636:660 the NR latex microspheres 636:660 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 3 39 theme interstitial 609:620 arg1 space 622:626 the interstitial space 605:626 the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres 605:660 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 4 40 dep conductivity 808:819 arg1 threshold 838:846 the percolation threshold 822:846 the percolation threshold 822:846 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 4 40 dep conductivity 808:819 arg1 lower 859:863 lower 859:863 lower 859:863 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 0 41 theme rubber 56:61 arg1 composites 63:72 rubber composites 56:72 rubber composites for chemical sensing applications 56:106 Cellulose nanocrystals mediated assembly of graphene in rubber composites for chemical sensing applications. 26876831 5 42 theme environmental 1196:1208 arg1 monitoring 1210:1219 environmental monitoring 1196:1219 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring 1025:1219 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 5 43 theme discriminating 1125:1138 arg1 leakage 1156:1162 discriminating various solvent leakage 1125:1162 discriminating various solvent leakage 1125:1162 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 3 44 theme NR 489:490 arg1 latex 492:496 NR latex 489:496 NR latex 489:496 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 2 45 theme graphene 451:458 arg1 oxide 460:464 graphene oxide 451:464 graphene oxide 451:464 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 4 46 theme mechanical 920:929 arg1 properties 931:940 mechanical properties 920:940 mechanical properties 920:940 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 3 47 theme 3D 689:690 arg1 structure 703:711 an ordered 3D conductive structure 678:711 an ordered 3D conductive structure 678:711 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 5 48 theme liquid 1087:1092 arg1 sensors 1094:1100 liquid sensors 1087:1100 liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry 1087:1183 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 4 49 theme 3D 726:727 arg1 network 740:746 This unique 3D conductive network 714:746 This unique 3D conductive network 714:746 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 5 50 theme eco-friendly 1045:1056 arg1 route 1058:1062 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route 1025:1062 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring 1025:1219 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 3 51 theme conductive 692:701 arg1 structure 703:711 an ordered 3D conductive structure 678:711 an ordered 3D conductive structure 678:711 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 3 52 theme @ 565:565 arg1 CNC 566:568 the graphene@CNC 553:568 the graphene@CNC 553:568 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 5 53 theme novel 1027:1031 arg1 route 1058:1062 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route 1025:1062 a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring 1025:1219 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 5 54 theme sensors 1094:1100 arg1 fabrication 1072:1082 the fabrication 1068:1082 the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry 1068:1183 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 3 55 theme NR 640:641 arg1 microspheres 649:660 the NR latex microspheres 636:660 the NR latex microspheres 636:660 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 2 56 theme nanocrystals 335:346 arg1 amphiphilicity 307:320 amphiphilicity 307:320 amphiphilicity 307:320 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 2 56 theme nanocrystals 335:346 arg1 water-dispersity 286:301 water-dispersity 286:301 water-dispersity 286:301 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 1 57 theme 3D 208:209 arg1 networks 252:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 3 58 theme ordered 681:687 arg1 structure 703:711 an ordered 3D conductive structure 678:711 an ordered 3D conductive structure 678:711 When homogenized with NR latex under ultrasonication and subsequently co-coagulation, the graphene@CNC nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between the NR latex microspheres and constructed an ordered 3D conductive structure. 26876831 2 59 theme graphene 370:377 arg1 colloids 391:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids 355:398 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 1 60 theme interconnected 211:224 arg1 networks 252:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 2 61 theme oxide 460:464 arg1 reduction 438:446 the CNC-mediated reduction 421:446 the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide 421:464 Taking advantage of the water-dispersity and amphiphilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), well suspended graphene@CNC aqueous colloids could be prepared by the CNC-mediated reduction of graphene oxide. 26876831 5 62 theme chemical 1167:1174 arg1 industry 1176:1183 chemical industry 1167:1183 chemical industry 1167:1183 Our strategy offered a novel, simple and eco-friendly route for the fabrication of liquid sensors capable of sensing and discriminating various solvent leakage in chemical industry as well as environmental monitoring. 26876831 4 63 theme percolation 826:836 arg1 threshold 838:846 the percolation threshold 822:846 the percolation threshold 822:846 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 4 63 theme percolation 826:836 arg1 lower 859:863 lower 859:863 lower 859:863 This unique 3D conductive network endowed the NR composites with remarkably enhanced electric conductivity (the percolation threshold is twofold lower than that of the conventional NR/graphene composites), mechanical properties and more importantly resistivity response to organic liquids. 26876831 1 64 theme green 136:140 arg1 approach 152:159 a green assembled approach 134:159 a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 134:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 26876831 1 65 theme graphene-based 226:239 arg1 networks 252:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks 208:259 In this study, we report a green assembled approach to prepare natural rubber (NR) composites with 3D interconnected graphene-based conductive networks. 24616321 0 0 theme particles 76:84 arg1 integration 52:62 integration 52:62 integration of bioglass particles 52:84 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 1 1 theme allograft 157:165 arg1 bones 167:171 autogenous or allograft bones 143:171 bones 167:171 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 1 2 theme bone 252:255 arg1 strategies 264:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 0 3 theme bioglass 67:74 arg1 particles 76:84 bioglass particles 67:84 bioglass particles 67:84 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 2 4 contain have 416:419 arg1 ceramics 286:293 Bioactive ceramics 276:293 Bioactive ceramics 276:293 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 4 contain have 416:419 arg1 45S5 338:341 Bioglass (BG) 45S5 324:341 Bioglass (BG) 45S5 324:341 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 4 contain have 416:419 arg2 issues 431:436 potential issues 421:436 potential issues of particle migration and inflammation 421:475 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 1 5 theme bones 167:171 arg1 Replacement 128:138 Replacement 128:138 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials 128:201 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 1 6 theme repair 257:262 arg1 strategies 264:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 3 7 theme bone 659:662 arg1 regeneration 664:675 bone regeneration 659:675 bone regeneration 659:675 The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. 24616321 2 8 theme particulate 298:308 arg1 form 310:313 particulate form 298:313 particulate form 298:313 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 9 9 theme bone 1383:1386 arg1 formation 1388:1396 bone formation 1383:1396 bone formation 1383:1396 BG-CS demonstrated a similar effect in bone formation but at a comparatively slower rate than BG-CS-BM over 6-weeks' implantation. 24616321 8 10 theme bone 1331:1334 arg1 defect 1336:1341 the bone defect 1327:1341 the bone defect 1327:1341 Unlike BG-CS-BM, BG-CS recruited BM in situ from the bone defect. 24616321 7 11 from defect 1144:1149 arg1 model 1163:1167 a rabbit model 1154:1167 a rabbit model 1154:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 0 12 theme bone 114:117 arg1 defects 119:125 critical-size bone defects 100:125 critical-size bone defects 100:125 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 2 13 theme comparable 374:383 arg1 mineralization 359:372 bone mineralization 354:372 bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts 354:409 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 14 theme autologous 388:397 arg1 grafts 404:409 autologous bone grafts 388:409 autologous bone grafts 388:409 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 0 15 theme critical-size 100:112 arg1 defects 119:125 critical-size bone defects 100:125 critical-size bone defects 100:125 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 7 16 theme femoral 1131:1137 arg1 defect 1144:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect 1108:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model 1108:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 2 17 theme Bioactive 276:284 arg1 ceramics 286:293 Bioactive ceramics 276:293 Bioactive ceramics 276:293 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 17 theme Bioactive 276:284 arg1 45S5 338:341 Bioglass (BG) 45S5 324:341 Bioglass (BG) 45S5 324:341 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 1 18 theme artificial 176:185 arg1 materials 193:201 artificial graft materials 176:201 artificial graft materials 176:201 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 7 19 theme greater 1194:1200 arg1 growth 1207:1212 significantly greater bone growth 1180:1212 significantly greater bone growth 1180:1212 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 4 20 theme bone 715:718 arg1 marrow 720:725 bone marrow 715:725 bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM 715:780 This BG-CS composite can encapsulate bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM. 24616321 4 20 theme bone 715:718 arg1 BM 728:729 BM 728:729 BM 728:729 This BG-CS composite can encapsulate bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM. 24616321 1 21 theme graft 187:191 arg1 materials 193:201 artificial graft materials 176:201 artificial graft materials 176:201 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 7 22 theme rabbit 1156:1161 arg1 model 1163:1167 a rabbit model 1154:1167 a rabbit model 1154:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 7 23 theme bone 1139:1142 arg1 defect 1144:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect 1108:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model 1108:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 6 24 theme turbulent 1041:1049 arg1 environments 1051:1062 turbulent environments 1041:1062 turbulent environments 1041:1062 Compared to the bioglass, the BG-CS-BM composite demonstrated a superior capacity to maintain construct integrity under both aqueous and turbulent environments in vitro. 24616321 0 25 theme chondroitin 9:19 arg1 sulfate 21:27 a chondroitin sulfate 7:27 a chondroitin sulfate 7:27 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 6 26 theme BG-CS-BM 934:941 arg1 composite 943:951 the BG-CS-BM composite 930:951 the BG-CS-BM composite 930:951 Compared to the bioglass, the BG-CS-BM composite demonstrated a superior capacity to maintain construct integrity under both aqueous and turbulent environments in vitro. 24616321 9 27 theme slower 1421:1426 arg1 rate 1428:1431 a comparatively slower rate 1405:1431 a comparatively slower rate than BG-CS-BM over 6-weeks' implantation 1405:1472 BG-CS demonstrated a similar effect in bone formation but at a comparatively slower rate than BG-CS-BM over 6-weeks' implantation. 24616321 5 28 theme Rheological 783:793 arg1 characterization 795:810 Rheological characterization 783:810 Rheological characterization 783:810 Rheological characterization confirmed the formation of CS-BM hydrogel by reacting the CS-based bioadhesive with the BM. 24616321 7 29 from implantation 1080:1091 arg1 defect 1144:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect 1108:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model 1108:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 3 30 theme study 494:498 arg1 aim 482:484 The aim 478:484 The aim of this study 478:498 The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. 24616321 1 31 theme autogenous 143:152 arg1 bones 167:171 autogenous or allograft bones 143:171 bones 167:171 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 2 32 theme inflammation 464:475 arg1 issues 431:436 potential issues 421:436 potential issues of particle migration and inflammation 421:475 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 7 33 theme empty 1263:1267 arg1 control 1269:1275 the empty control 1259:1275 the empty control 1259:1275 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 0 34 dep enhance 44:50 arg1 bioadhesive 29:39 bioadhesive 29:39 bioadhesive 29:39 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 0 34 dep enhance 44:50 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of a chondroitin sulfate 0:27 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 1 35 theme growing 216:222 arg1 area 224:227 a growing area 214:227 a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies 214:273 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 0 36 theme sulfate 21:27 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of a chondroitin sulfate 0:27 Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects. 24616321 5 37 theme hydrogel 845:852 arg1 formation 826:834 the formation 822:834 the formation of CS-BM hydrogel 822:852 Rheological characterization confirmed the formation of CS-BM hydrogel by reacting the CS-based bioadhesive with the BM. 24616321 6 38 theme superior 968:975 arg1 capacity 977:984 a superior capacity 966:984 a superior capacity to maintain construct integrity under both aqueous and turbulent environments in vitro 966:1071 Compared to the bioglass, the BG-CS-BM composite demonstrated a superior capacity to maintain construct integrity under both aqueous and turbulent environments in vitro. 24616321 2 39 theme potential 421:429 arg1 issues 431:436 potential issues 421:436 potential issues of particle migration and inflammation 421:475 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 40 theme bone 399:402 arg1 grafts 404:409 autologous bone grafts 388:409 autologous bone grafts 388:409 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 41 theme migration 450:458 arg1 issues 431:436 potential issues 421:436 potential issues of particle migration and inflammation 421:475 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 1 42 from area 224:227 arg1 strategies 264:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 4 43 theme BG-CS 683:687 arg1 composite 689:697 This BG-CS composite 678:697 This BG-CS composite 678:697 This BG-CS composite can encapsulate bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM. 24616321 2 44 theme particle 441:448 arg1 migration 450:458 particle migration 441:458 particle migration 441:458 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 2 45 from ceramics 286:293 arg1 form 310:313 particulate form 298:313 particulate form 298:313 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 7 46 theme distal 1124:1129 arg1 defect 1144:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect 1108:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model 1108:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 3 47 theme bioglass 591:598 arg1 integration 572:582 integration 572:582 integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) 572:615 The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. 24616321 6 48 theme construct 998:1006 arg1 integrity 1008:1016 construct integrity 998:1016 construct integrity 998:1016 Compared to the bioglass, the BG-CS-BM composite demonstrated a superior capacity to maintain construct integrity under both aqueous and turbulent environments in vitro. 24616321 3 49 theme chondroitin 516:526 arg1 CS- 538:540 CS- 538:540 CS- 538:540 The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. 24616321 3 49 theme chondroitin 516:526 arg1 sulfate- 528:535 a chondroitin sulfate- 514:535 a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration 514:675 The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. 24616321 2 50 theme Bioglass 324:331 arg1 45S5 338:341 Bioglass (BG) 45S5 324:341 Bioglass (BG) 45S5 324:341 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 1 51 theme interest 232:239 arg1 area 224:227 a growing area 214:227 a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies 214:273 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 24616321 7 52 theme bone 1202:1205 arg1 growth 1207:1212 significantly greater bone growth 1180:1212 significantly greater bone growth 1180:1212 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 3 53 theme particle 628:635 arg1 migration 637:645 particle migration 628:645 particle migration 628:645 The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. 24616321 2 54 theme bone 354:357 arg1 mineralization 359:372 bone mineralization 354:372 bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts 354:409 Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. 24616321 5 55 theme CS-BM 839:843 arg1 hydrogel 845:852 CS-BM hydrogel 839:852 CS-BM hydrogel 839:852 Rheological characterization confirmed the formation of CS-BM hydrogel by reacting the CS-based bioadhesive with the BM. 24616321 7 56 theme critical-size 1110:1122 arg1 defect 1144:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect 1108:1149 a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model 1108:1167 After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. 24616321 4 57 theme stable 755:760 arg1 BG-CS-BM 773:780 BG-CS-BM 773:780 BG-CS-BM 773:780 This BG-CS composite can encapsulate bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM. 24616321 4 57 theme stable 755:760 arg1 construct 762:770 a mechanically stable construct 740:770 a mechanically stable construct 740:770 This BG-CS composite can encapsulate bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM. 24616321 9 58 theme similar 1365:1371 arg1 effect 1373:1378 a similar effect 1363:1378 a similar effect 1363:1378 BG-CS demonstrated a similar effect in bone formation but at a comparatively slower rate than BG-CS-BM over 6-weeks' implantation. 24616321 1 59 theme current 244:250 arg1 strategies 264:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 current bone repair strategies 244:273 Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. 27083789 7 0 theme materials 1139:1147 arg1 development 1104:1114 the development 1100:1114 the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates 1100:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 4 1 theme scanning 662:669 arg1 DSC 684:686 DSC 684:686 DSC 684:686 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 4 1 theme scanning 662:669 arg1 calorimetry 671:681 differential scanning calorimetry 649:681 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 649:687 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 1 2 theme biocompatible 204:216 arg1 materials 236:244 new biocompatible and biodegradable materials 200:244 new biocompatible and biodegradable materials 200:244 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 0 3 theme morphological 57:69 arg1 properties 86:95 Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties 48:95 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 0:96 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 27083789 5 4 theme dynamic 828:834 arg1 DMA 857:859 DMA 857:859 DMA 857:859 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 5 4 theme dynamic 828:834 arg1 analysis 847:854 dynamic mechanical analysis 828:854 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 828:860 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 4 5 theme differential 649:660 arg1 DSC 684:686 DSC 684:686 DSC 684:686 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 4 5 theme differential 649:660 arg1 calorimetry 671:681 differential scanning calorimetry 649:681 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 649:687 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 4 6 theme blends 620:625 arg1 properties 606:615 Thermal properties 598:615 Thermal properties of blends 598:625 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 1 7 theme biodegradable 222:234 arg1 materials 236:244 new biocompatible and biodegradable materials 200:244 new biocompatible and biodegradable materials 200:244 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 0 8 theme mechanical 75:84 arg1 properties 86:95 Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties 48:95 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 0:96 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 27083789 5 9 theme further 887:893 arg1 insights 895:902 further insights 887:902 further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD 887:966 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 1 10 theme industry 320:327 arg1 fields 273:278 the emerging fields 260:278 the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry 260:327 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 4 11 theme scanning 783:790 arg1 SEM 813:815 SEM 813:815 SEM 813:815 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 4 11 theme scanning 783:790 arg1 microscopy 801:810 scanning electron microscopy 783:810 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 783:816 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 6 12 theme single 1000:1005 arg1 phase 1007:1011 a single phase 998:1011 a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition 998:1051 Results show the presence of a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition. 27083789 1 13 theme /branched 137:145 arg1 blends 169:174 poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends 122:174 poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends 122:174 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 2 14 theme available 459:467 arg1 PLLA 469:472 a commercially available PLLA 444:472 a commercially available PLLA 444:472 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 5 15 theme mechanical 836:845 arg1 DMA 857:859 DMA 857:859 DMA 857:859 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 5 15 theme mechanical 836:845 arg1 analysis 847:854 dynamic mechanical analysis 828:854 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 828:860 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 6 16 theme phase 1007:1011 arg1 presence 986:993 the presence 982:993 the presence of a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition 982:1051 Results show the presence of a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition. 27083789 1 17 theme β-cyclodextrin 147:160 arg1 blends 169:174 poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends 122:174 poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends 122:174 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 2 18 theme β-CD 407:410 arg1 monomer 412:418 the β-CD monomer 403:418 the β-CD monomer 403:418 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 4 19 theme thermogravimetric 693:709 arg1 analysis 711:718 thermogravimetric analysis 693:718 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 693:724 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 4 19 theme thermogravimetric 693:709 arg1 TGA 721:723 TGA 721:723 TGA 721:723 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 7 20 theme promising 1249:1257 arg1 candidates 1259:1268 promising candidates 1249:1268 promising candidates 1249:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 4 21 theme electron 792:799 arg1 SEM 813:815 SEM 813:815 SEM 813:815 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 4 21 theme electron 792:799 arg1 microscopy 801:810 scanning electron microscopy 783:810 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 783:816 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 2 22 theme branched 336:343 arg1 bβCD 361:364 bβCD 361:364 bβCD 361:364 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 2 22 theme branched 336:343 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 345:358 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin 330:358 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) 330:365 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 7 23 theme new 1079:1081 arg1 perspectives 1083:1094 new perspectives 1079:1094 new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates 1079:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 3 24 dep Fourier 475:481 arg1 transform 483:491 transform 483:491 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 483:520 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been applied to study the occurring interactions between both partners. 27083789 0 25 theme β-cyclodextrin 25:38 arg1 blends 40:45 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends 0:45 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 0:96 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 27083789 4 26 theme blends 760:765 arg1 structure 743:751 the phase structure 733:751 the phase structure of the blends 733:765 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 1 27 theme bβCD 163:166 arg1 blends 169:174 poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends 122:174 poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends 122:174 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 0 28 theme /branched 15:23 arg1 blends 40:45 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends 0:45 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 0:96 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 27083789 0 29 dep blends 40:45 arg1 properties 86:95 Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties 48:95 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 0:96 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 27083789 4 30 theme Thermal 598:604 arg1 properties 606:615 Thermal properties 598:615 Thermal properties of blends 598:625 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 1 31 theme emerging 264:271 arg1 fields 273:278 the emerging fields 260:278 the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry 260:327 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 7 32 theme functional 1162:1171 arg1 properties 1173:1182 tunable functional properties 1154:1182 tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates 1154:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 3 33 dep transform 483:491 arg1 infrared 493:500 infrared 493:500 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 483:520 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been applied to study the occurring interactions between both partners. 27083789 2 34 theme monomer 412:418 arg1 polycondensation 383:398 polycondensation 383:398 polycondensation of the β-CD monomer 383:418 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 7 35 theme candidates 1259:1268 arg1 class 1240:1244 a new class 1234:1244 a new class of promising candidates 1234:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 7 36 theme available 1129:1137 arg1 materials 1139:1147 naturally available materials 1119:1147 naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates 1119:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 1 37 dep industry 320:327 arg1 biomedicine 299:309 biomedicine 299:309 biomedicine 299:309 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 1 37 dep industry 320:327 arg1 food 315:318 food 315:318 food 315:318 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 7 38 with materials 1139:1147 arg1 properties 1173:1182 tunable functional properties 1154:1182 tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates 1154:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 4 39 theme phase 737:741 arg1 structure 743:751 the phase structure 733:751 the phase structure of the blends 733:765 Thermal properties of blends have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the phase structure of the blends was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27083789 6 40 theme composition 1041:1051 arg1 phase 1007:1011 a single phase 998:1011 a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition 998:1051 Results show the presence of a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition. 27083789 6 41 theme blend 1035:1039 arg1 composition 1041:1051 the blend composition 1031:1051 the blend composition 1031:1051 Results show the presence of a single phase irrespectively of the blend composition. 27083789 7 42 theme tunable 1154:1160 arg1 properties 1173:1182 tunable functional properties 1154:1182 tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates 1154:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 7 43 theme new 1236:1238 arg1 class 1240:1244 a new class 1234:1244 a new class of promising candidates 1234:1268 Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the development of naturally available materials with tunable functional properties for applications in which cyclodextrins emerge as a new class of promising candidates. 27083789 3 44 theme occurring 552:560 arg1 interactions 562:573 the occurring interactions 548:573 the occurring interactions between both partners 548:595 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been applied to study the occurring interactions between both partners. 27083789 2 45 theme Ionic 330:334 arg1 bβCD 361:364 bβCD 361:364 bβCD 361:364 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 2 45 theme Ionic 330:334 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 345:358 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin 330:358 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) 330:365 Ionic branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) was obtained by polycondensation of the β-CD monomer and it was blended with a commercially available PLLA. 27083789 5 46 used used 871:874 arg2 DMA 857:859 DMA 857:859 DMA 857:859 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 5 46 used used 871:874 arg2 analysis 847:854 dynamic mechanical analysis 828:854 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 828:860 Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been used to provide further insights into the features controlling miscibility between PLLA and bβCD. 27083789 0 47 theme Thermal 48:54 arg1 properties 86:95 Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties 48:95 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 0:96 Poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin blends: Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. 27083789 1 48 theme pharmaceutical 283:296 arg1 industry 320:327 pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry 283:327 industry 320:327 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27083789 1 49 theme new 200:202 arg1 materials 236:244 new biocompatible and biodegradable materials 200:244 new biocompatible and biodegradable materials 200:244 In this work we develop poly(L-lactide)/branched β-cyclodextrin (bβCD) blends in an attempt to obtain new biocompatible and biodegradable materials to be used in the emerging fields of pharmaceutical, biomedicine and food industry. 27463861 0 0 theme delivery 80:87 arg1 system 89:94 a drug delivery system 73:94 a drug delivery system 73:94 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 1 1 theme magnetic 325:332 arg1 signaling 334:342 magnetic signaling 325:342 magnetic signaling 325:342 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 5 2 with system 988:993 arg1 properties 1009:1018 magnetic properties 1000:1018 magnetic properties 1000:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 0 3 theme drug 75:78 arg1 system 89:94 a drug delivery system 73:94 a drug delivery system 73:94 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 4 4 theme egg-like 757:764 arg1 rearrangement 766:778 the egg-like rearrangement 753:778 the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions 753:881 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 2 5 theme subsequent 513:522 arg1 emulsification 524:537 a subsequent emulsification 511:537 a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique 511:563 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 2 6 theme oil-in-water 542:553 arg1 technique 555:563 oil-in-water technique 542:563 oil-in-water technique 542:563 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 4 7 theme cross-linking 842:854 arg1 reaction 856:863 cross-linking reaction 842:863 cross-linking reaction with calcium ions 842:881 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 4 8 theme composite 799:807 arg1 rearrangement 766:778 the egg-like rearrangement 753:778 the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions 753:881 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 3 9 from properties 644:653 arg1 environment 677:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 4 10 theme mineralized 787:797 arg1 composite 799:807 the mineralized composite 783:807 the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions 783:881 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 3 11 from properties 711:720 arg1 environment 677:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 5 12 theme promising 931:939 arg1 system 988:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system 929:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties 929:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 12 theme promising 931:939 arg1 MHNs 903:906 The new MHNs 895:906 The new MHNs 895:906 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 0 13 theme magnetic 51:58 arg1 nanobeads 60:68 intrinsically magnetic nanobeads 37:68 intrinsically magnetic nanobeads 37:68 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 5 14 dep CONCLUSION 884:893 arg1 considered 915:924 considered 915:924 considered 915:924 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 2 15 dep METHODS 357:363 arg1 nucleated 404:412 nucleated 404:412 nucleated 404:412 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 1 16 theme iron-substituted 164:179 arg1 hydroxyapatite 181:194 iron-substituted hydroxyapatite 164:194 iron-substituted hydroxyapatite 164:194 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 2 17 theme bioinspired 453:463 arg1 process 480:486 a bioinspired mineralization process 451:486 a bioinspired mineralization process 451:486 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 5 18 from applications 1043:1054 arg1 nanomedicine 1059:1070 nanomedicine 1059:1070 nanomedicine 1059:1070 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 19 theme smart 1037:1041 arg1 applications 1043:1054 smart applications 1037:1054 smart applications in nanomedicine 1037:1070 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 4 20 theme Alg 741:743 arg1 assembling 727:736 The assembling 723:736 The assembling of Alg 723:743 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 5 21 theme new 899:901 arg1 system 988:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system 929:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties 929:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 21 theme new 899:901 arg1 MHNs 903:906 The new MHNs 895:906 The new MHNs 895:906 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 1 22 theme drug 273:276 arg1 carriers 278:285 drug carriers 273:285 drug carriers 273:285 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 3 23 theme biomimetic 602:611 arg1 composition 613:623 biomimetic composition 602:623 biomimetic composition 602:623 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 3 24 from composition 613:623 arg1 environment 677:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 5 25 theme bio-resorbable 959:972 arg1 system 988:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system 929:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties 929:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 25 theme bio-resorbable 959:972 arg1 MHNs 903:906 The new MHNs 895:906 The new MHNs 895:906 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 0 26 theme hybrid 26:31 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 0:95 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 4 27 with reaction 856:863 arg1 ions 878:881 calcium ions 870:881 calcium ions 870:881 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 1 28 theme AIM 97:99 arg1 Synthesis 101:109 AIM Synthesis 97:109 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite 97:194 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 2 29 theme Alg 437:439 arg1 matrix 441:446 the self-assembling Alg matrix 417:446 the self-assembling Alg matrix 417:446 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 0 30 theme innovative 15:24 arg1 hybrid 26:31 innovative hybrid 15:31 innovative hybrid 15:31 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 3 31 dep RESULTS 566:572 arg1 exhibited 592:600 exhibited 592:600 exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties 592:720 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 2 32 theme self-assembling 421:435 arg1 matrix 441:446 the self-assembling Alg matrix 417:446 the self-assembling Alg matrix 417:446 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 0 33 theme intrinsically 37:49 arg1 nanobeads 60:68 intrinsically magnetic nanobeads 37:68 intrinsically magnetic nanobeads 37:68 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 3 34 theme adequate 626:633 arg1 properties 644:653 adequate swelling properties 626:653 adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment 626:687 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 1 35 theme self-assembling 221:235 arg1 matrix 252:257 a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix 219:257 a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling 219:342 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 3 36 theme swelling 635:642 arg1 properties 644:653 adequate swelling properties 626:653 adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment 626:687 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 1 37 theme alginate 237:244 arg1 matrix 252:257 a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix 219:257 a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling 219:342 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 0 38 theme nanobeads 60:68 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 0:95 Development of innovative hybrid and intrinsically magnetic nanobeads as a drug delivery system. 27463861 5 39 theme drug 974:977 arg1 system 988:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system 929:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties 929:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 39 theme drug 974:977 arg1 MHNs 903:906 The new MHNs 895:906 The new MHNs 895:906 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 3 40 theme superparamagnetic 693:709 arg1 properties 711:720 superparamagnetic properties 693:720 superparamagnetic properties 693:720 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 5 41 theme magnetic 1000:1007 arg1 properties 1009:1018 magnetic properties 1000:1018 magnetic properties 1000:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 2 42 theme mineralization 465:478 arg1 process 480:486 a bioinspired mineralization process 451:486 a bioinspired mineralization process 451:486 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 1 43 theme remote 304:309 arg1 activation 311:320 remote activation 304:320 remote activation by magnetic signaling 304:342 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 1 44 theme superparamagnetic 114:130 arg1 MHNs 150:153 MHNs 150:153 MHNs 150:153 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 1 44 theme superparamagnetic 114:130 arg1 nanobeads 139:147 superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads 114:147 superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite 114:194 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 1 45 theme activation 311:320 arg1 ability 293:299 ability 293:299 ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling 293:342 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 3 46 theme physiological-like 658:675 arg1 environment 677:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 physiological-like environment 658:687 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 1 47 theme hybrid 132:137 arg1 MHNs 150:153 MHNs 150:153 MHNs 150:153 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 1 47 theme hybrid 132:137 arg1 nanobeads 139:147 superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads 114:147 superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite 114:194 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 3 48 theme obtained 578:585 arg1 MHNs 587:590 The obtained MHNs 574:590 The obtained MHNs 574:590 RESULTS The obtained MHNs exhibited biomimetic composition, adequate swelling properties in physiological-like environment and superparamagnetic properties. 27463861 4 49 theme calcium 870:876 arg1 ions 878:881 calcium ions 870:881 calcium ions 870:881 The assembling of Alg induced the egg-like rearrangement of the mineralized composite that was then stabilized through cross-linking reaction with calcium ions. 27463861 1 50 theme nanobeads 139:147 arg1 Synthesis 101:109 AIM Synthesis 97:109 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite 97:194 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 1 51 theme Alg 247:249 arg1 matrix 252:257 a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix 219:257 a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling 219:342 AIM Synthesis of superparamagnetic hybrid nanobeads (MHNs) made of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanophase mineralizing a self-assembling alginate (Alg) matrix to be used as drug carriers, with ability of remote activation by magnetic signaling. 27463861 2 52 theme Iron-doped 365:374 arg1 apatite 376:382 Iron-doped apatite 365:382 Iron-doped apatite 365:382 MATERIALS & METHODS Iron-doped apatite was heterogeneously nucleated on the self-assembling Alg matrix by a bioinspired mineralization process and MHNs are formed by a subsequent emulsification by oil-in-water technique. 27463861 5 53 theme biocompatible 941:953 arg1 system 988:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system 929:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties 929:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 53 theme biocompatible 941:953 arg1 MHNs 903:906 The new MHNs 895:906 The new MHNs 895:906 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 54 theme delivery 979:986 arg1 system 988:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system 929:993 a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties 929:1018 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 27463861 5 54 theme delivery 979:986 arg1 MHNs 903:906 The new MHNs 895:906 The new MHNs 895:906 CONCLUSION The new MHNs can be considered as a promising biocompatible and bio-resorbable drug delivery system with magnetic properties, thus opening to smart applications in nanomedicine. 25470118 6 0 theme agar 938:941 arg1 T1ρ 894:896 T1ρ 894:896 T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar 894:941 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 6 0 theme agar 938:941 arg1 dispersion 924:933 the native T1ρ dispersion 909:933 T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar 894:941 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 3 1 theme iron 479:482 arg1 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 1 theme iron 479:482 arg1 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 1 theme iron 479:482 arg1 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 1 theme iron 479:482 arg1 nanoparticles 490:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles 463:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) 463:546 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 11 2 theme lock 1371:1374 arg1 mechanism 1339:1347 The underlying mechanism 1324:1347 The underlying mechanism 1324:1347 The underlying mechanism appears to be loss of lock. 25470118 11 2 theme lock 1371:1374 arg1 loss 1363:1366 loss 1363:1366 loss of lock 1363:1374 The underlying mechanism appears to be loss of lock. 25470118 0 3 theme Spin-lock 0:8 arg1 MR 10:11 Spin-lock MR 0:11 Spin-lock MR 0:11 Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. 25470118 1 4 theme detection 184:192 arg1 sensitivity 194:204 the detection sensitivity 180:204 the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ 180:224 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 3 5 with T1ρ 384:386 arg1 ranges 453:458 concentration ranges 439:458 concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) 439:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 2 6 theme oxide 324:328 arg1 size 339:342 iron oxide particle size 319:342 iron oxide particle size 319:342 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 5 7 theme T2 747:748 arg1 mapping 750:756 T2 mapping 747:756 T2 mapping 747:756 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 6 8 theme spin-lock 982:990 arg1 amplitudes 992:1001 high spin-lock amplitudes 977:1001 high spin-lock amplitudes 977:1001 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 5 9 theme 100-1500 725:732 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 9 theme 100-1500 725:732 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 2 10 dep In 251:252 arg1 vitro 254:258 vitro 254:258 vitro 254:258 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 1 11 theme T2 231:232 arg1 imaging 234:240 T2 imaging 231:240 T2 imaging 231:240 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 12 12 theme Spin-lock 1377:1385 arg1 technique 1415:1423 a promising technique 1403:1423 a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents 1403:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 12 12 theme Spin-lock 1377:1385 arg1 MR 1387:1388 Spin-lock MR 1377:1388 Spin-lock MR 1377:1388 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 4 13 theme amplitudes 642:651 arg1 range 623:627 a range 621:627 a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz) 621:670 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 4 14 theme γB1 654:656 arg1 kHz 667:669 γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz 654:669 γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz 654:669 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 4 14 theme γB1 654:656 arg1 amplitudes 642:651 spin-lock amplitudes 632:651 spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz) 632:670 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 3 15 theme oxide 575:579 arg1 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 15 theme oxide 575:579 arg1 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 15 theme oxide 575:579 arg1 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 15 theme oxide 575:579 arg1 microparticles 552:565 microparticles 552:565 microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) 552:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 15 theme oxide 575:579 arg1 nanoparticles 490:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles 463:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) 463:546 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 1 16 theme superparamagnetic 138:154 arg1 oxides 161:166 superparamagnetic iron oxides 138:166 superparamagnetic iron oxides 138:166 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 2 17 from influence 306:314 arg1 T1ρ 363:365 T1ρ 363:365 T1ρ 363:365 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 6 18 theme nanoparticles 870:882 arg1 Addition 847:854 Addition 847:854 Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles 847:882 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 0 19 theme iron 69:72 arg1 particles 80:88 superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 51:88 superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 51:88 Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. 25470118 6 20 theme iron 859:862 arg1 nanoparticles 870:882 iron oxide nanoparticles 859:882 iron oxide nanoparticles 859:882 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 10 21 theme iron 1254:1257 arg1 nanoparticles 1265:1277 iron oxide nanoparticles 1254:1277 iron oxide nanoparticles 1254:1277 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 11 22 theme underlying 1328:1337 arg1 mechanism 1339:1347 The underlying mechanism 1324:1347 The underlying mechanism 1324:1347 The underlying mechanism appears to be loss of lock. 25470118 11 22 theme underlying 1328:1337 arg1 loss 1363:1366 loss 1363:1366 loss of lock 1363:1374 The underlying mechanism appears to be loss of lock. 25470118 0 23 theme particles 80:88 arg1 sensitivity 36:46 the detection sensitivity 22:46 the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 22:88 Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. 25470118 9 24 from influence 1180:1188 arg1 dispersion 1197:1206 T1ρ dispersion 1193:1206 T1ρ dispersion 1193:1206 In vivo, a decrease of T1ρ was observed with no clear influence on T1ρ dispersion. 25470118 5 25 theme liver 765:769 arg1 T1ρ 739:741 T1ρ 739:741 T1ρ 739:741 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 25 theme liver 765:769 arg1 mapping 750:756 T2 mapping 747:756 T2 mapping 747:756 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 10 26 theme dispersion 1242:1251 arg1 suppression 1223:1233 suppression 1223:1233 suppression of T1ρ dispersion 1223:1251 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 1 27 theme spin-lock 111:119 arg1 MR 121:122 spin-lock MR 111:122 spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides 111:166 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 7 28 theme iron 1043:1046 arg1 concentration 1048:1060 iron concentration 1043:1060 iron concentration 1043:1060 Changes of T1ρ were highly linear with iron concentration and much larger than T2 changes. 25470118 5 29 theme postinjection 813:825 arg1 mice 794:797 seven mice 788:797 seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem 788:836 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 12 30 theme contrast 1463:1470 arg1 agents 1472:1477 iron oxide contrast agents 1452:1477 iron oxide contrast agents 1452:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 10 31 theme enhanced 1285:1292 arg1 contrast 1298:1305 enhanced T1ρ contrast 1285:1305 enhanced T1ρ contrast 1285:1305 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 3 32 theme agar 424:427 arg1 T1ρ 384:386 T1ρ 384:386 T1ρ 384:386 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 32 theme agar 424:427 arg1 measurements 395:406 T2 measurements 392:406 T2 measurements 392:406 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 32 theme agar 424:427 arg1 1.41T 414:418 B0 = 1.41T 409:418 B0 = 1.41T 409:418 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 5 33 theme Sinerem 830:836 arg1 postinjection 813:825 24 h postinjection 808:825 24 h postinjection of Sinerem 808:836 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 6 34 theme T1ρ 920:922 arg1 dispersion 924:933 the native T1ρ dispersion 909:933 T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar 894:941 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 3 35 theme T2 392:393 arg1 measurements 395:406 T2 measurements 392:406 T2 measurements 392:406 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 36 theme nanoparticles 490:502 arg1 ranges 453:458 concentration ranges 439:458 concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) 439:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 5 37 theme 9.4T 713:716 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 37 theme 9.4T 713:716 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 38 theme pre- 799:802 arg1 mice 794:797 seven mice 788:797 seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem 788:836 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 39 theme γB1 719:721 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 39 theme γB1 719:721 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 3 40 dep nanoparticles 490:502 arg1 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 40 dep nanoparticles 490:502 arg1 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 40 dep nanoparticles 490:502 arg1 nanoparticles 490:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles 463:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) 463:546 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 12 41 theme iron 1452:1455 arg1 agents 1472:1477 iron oxide contrast agents 1452:1477 iron oxide contrast agents 1452:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 3 42 theme = 412:412 arg1 T1ρ 384:386 T1ρ 384:386 T1ρ 384:386 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 42 theme = 412:412 arg1 1.41T 414:418 B0 = 1.41T 409:418 B0 = 1.41T 409:418 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 0 43 theme detection 26:34 arg1 sensitivity 36:46 the detection sensitivity 22:46 the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 22:88 Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. 25470118 5 44 theme B0 708:709 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 44 theme B0 708:709 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 9 45 theme clear 1174:1178 arg1 influence 1180:1188 no clear influence 1171:1188 no clear influence on T1ρ dispersion 1171:1206 In vivo, a decrease of T1ρ was observed with no clear influence on T1ρ dispersion. 25470118 3 46 theme concentration 439:451 arg1 ranges 453:458 concentration ranges 439:458 concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) 439:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 10 47 dep CONCLUSION 1209:1218 arg1 suppression 1223:1233 suppression 1223:1233 suppression of T1ρ dispersion 1223:1251 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 3 48 theme oxide 484:488 arg1 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 48 theme oxide 484:488 arg1 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 48 theme oxide 484:488 arg1 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 48 theme oxide 484:488 arg1 nanoparticles 490:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles 463:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) 463:546 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 49 theme different 469:477 arg1 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 IONs 505:508 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 49 theme different 469:477 arg1 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 Resovist 521:528 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 49 theme different 469:477 arg1 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 ION-Micelle 535:545 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 49 theme different 469:477 arg1 nanoparticles 490:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles 463:502 three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) 463:546 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 7 50 theme T2 1083:1084 arg1 changes 1086:1092 T2 changes 1083:1092 T2 changes 1083:1092 Changes of T1ρ were highly linear with iron concentration and much larger than T2 changes. 25470118 4 51 theme T1ρ 589:591 arg1 dispersion 593:602 T1ρ dispersion 589:602 T1ρ dispersion 589:602 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 5 52 theme in 688:689 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 52 theme in 688:689 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 2 53 theme particle 330:337 arg1 size 339:342 iron oxide particle size 319:342 iron oxide particle size 319:342 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 12 54 theme promising 1405:1413 arg1 technique 1415:1423 a promising technique 1403:1423 a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents 1403:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 12 54 theme promising 1405:1413 arg1 MR 1387:1388 Spin-lock MR 1377:1388 Spin-lock MR 1377:1388 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 2 55 theme iron 319:322 arg1 size 339:342 iron oxide particle size 319:342 iron oxide particle size 319:342 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 1 56 theme quantitative 209:220 arg1 T1ρ 222:224 quantitative T1ρ 209:224 quantitative T1ρ 209:224 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 5 57 dep in 688:689 arg1 vivo 691:694 vivo 691:694 vivo 691:694 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 3 58 with measurements 395:406 arg1 ranges 453:458 concentration ranges 439:458 concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) 439:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 2 59 theme In 251:252 arg1 experiments 260:270 In vitro experiments 251:270 In vitro experiments 251:270 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 7 60 with linear 1031:1036 arg1 concentration 1048:1060 iron concentration 1043:1060 iron concentration 1043:1060 Changes of T1ρ were highly linear with iron concentration and much larger than T2 changes. 25470118 2 61 dep METHODS 243:249 arg1 performed 277:285 performed 277:285 were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ 272:365 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 4 62 theme spin-lock 632:640 arg1 kHz 667:669 γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz 654:669 γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz 654:669 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 4 62 theme spin-lock 632:640 arg1 amplitudes 642:651 spin-lock amplitudes 632:651 spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz) 632:670 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 3 63 theme iron 570:573 arg1 MPIO 582:585 MPIO 582:585 MPIO 582:585 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 63 theme iron 570:573 arg1 oxide 575:579 iron oxide 570:579 iron oxide (MPIO) 570:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 0 64 theme oxide 74:78 arg1 particles 80:88 superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 51:88 superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 51:88 Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. 25470118 3 65 theme microparticles 552:565 arg1 ranges 453:458 concentration ranges 439:458 concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) 439:586 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 5 66 theme = 723:723 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 66 theme = 723:723 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 1 67 theme iron 156:159 arg1 oxides 161:166 superparamagnetic iron oxides 138:166 superparamagnetic iron oxides 138:166 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 6 68 theme oxide 864:868 arg1 nanoparticles 870:882 iron oxide nanoparticles 859:882 iron oxide nanoparticles 859:882 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 6 69 dep RESULTS 839:845 arg1 decreased 884:892 decreased 884:892 decreased 884:892 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 5 70 theme relevant 679:686 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 70 theme relevant 679:686 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 71 theme h 811:811 arg1 postinjection 813:825 24 h postinjection 808:825 24 h postinjection of Sinerem 808:836 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 6 72 theme high 977:980 arg1 amplitudes 992:1001 high spin-lock amplitudes 977:1001 high spin-lock amplitudes 977:1001 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 10 73 theme T1ρ 1238:1240 arg1 dispersion 1242:1251 T1ρ dispersion 1238:1251 T1ρ dispersion 1238:1251 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 1 74 theme T1ρ 222:224 arg1 sensitivity 194:204 the detection sensitivity 180:204 the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ 180:224 PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. 25470118 12 75 theme oxide 1457:1461 arg1 agents 1472:1477 iron oxide contrast agents 1452:1477 iron oxide contrast agents 1452:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 5 76 theme = 711:711 arg1 Hz 734:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz 708:735 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 5 76 theme = 711:711 arg1 conditions 696:705 relevant in vivo conditions 679:705 relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz) 679:736 Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. 25470118 12 77 theme agents 1472:1477 arg1 detection 1439:1447 sensitive detection 1429:1447 sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents 1429:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 6 78 theme native 913:918 arg1 dispersion 924:933 the native T1ρ dispersion 909:933 T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar 894:941 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 10 79 theme oxide 1259:1263 arg1 nanoparticles 1265:1277 iron oxide nanoparticles 1254:1277 iron oxide nanoparticles 1254:1277 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 4 80 theme = 658:658 arg1 kHz 667:669 γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz 654:669 γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz 654:669 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 4 80 theme = 658:658 arg1 amplitudes 642:651 spin-lock amplitudes 632:651 spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz) 632:670 T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). 25470118 9 81 theme T1ρ 1149:1151 arg1 decrease 1137:1144 a decrease 1135:1144 a decrease of T1ρ 1135:1151 In vivo, a decrease of T1ρ was observed with no clear influence on T1ρ dispersion. 25470118 12 82 theme sensitive 1429:1437 arg1 detection 1439:1447 sensitive detection 1429:1447 sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents 1429:1477 Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. 25470118 10 83 theme T1ρ 1294:1296 arg1 contrast 1298:1305 enhanced T1ρ contrast 1285:1305 enhanced T1ρ contrast 1285:1305 CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . 25470118 0 84 theme superparamagnetic 51:67 arg1 particles 80:88 superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 51:88 superparamagnetic iron oxide particles 51:88 Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. 25470118 3 85 theme B0 409:410 arg1 T1ρ 384:386 T1ρ 384:386 T1ρ 384:386 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 3 85 theme B0 409:410 arg1 1.41T 414:418 B0 = 1.41T 409:418 B0 = 1.41T 409:418 These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). 25470118 2 86 theme composition 348:358 arg1 influence 306:314 the influence 302:314 the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ 302:365 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 6 87 theme increased 955:963 arg1 contrast 965:972 increased contrast 955:972 increased contrast 955:972 RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. 25470118 2 88 theme size 339:342 arg1 influence 306:314 the influence 302:314 the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ 302:365 METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . 25470118 9 89 theme T1ρ 1193:1195 arg1 dispersion 1197:1206 T1ρ dispersion 1193:1206 T1ρ dispersion 1193:1206 In vivo, a decrease of T1ρ was observed with no clear influence on T1ρ dispersion. 25470118 7 90 theme T1ρ 1015:1017 arg1 Changes 1004:1010 Changes 1004:1010 Changes of T1ρ 1004:1017 Changes of T1ρ were highly linear with iron concentration and much larger than T2 changes. 24128543 1 0 theme composition 128:138 arg1 effect 112:117 the effect 108:117 the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie 108:195 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 1 theme sugar 213:217 arg1 composition 219:229 sugar composition 213:229 sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) 213:280 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 2 theme samples 369:375 arg1 Ts 351:352 Ts 351:352 Ts 351:352 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 2 theme samples 369:375 arg1 temperature 338:348 softening temperature 328:348 softening temperature (Ts) 328:353 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 4 3 theme differential 801:812 arg1 calorimetry 823:833 differential scanning calorimetry 801:833 differential scanning calorimetry 801:833 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 1 4 theme composition 219:229 arg1 types 204:208 three types 198:208 three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) 198:280 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 4 theme composition 219:229 arg1 ingredient 302:311 an ingredient 299:311 an ingredient of cookie 299:321 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 6 5 theme important 1026:1034 arg1 role 1036:1039 an important role 1023:1039 an important role 1023:1039 These results suggest that sugar composition plays an important role in the softening properties of cookie samples. 24128543 1 6 theme water 398:402 arg1 contents 404:411 various water contents 390:411 various water contents 390:411 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 2 7 theme samples 533:539 arg1 content 511:517 water content 505:517 water content of the cookie samples 505:539 Ts decreased linearly with increasing water content of the cookie samples. 24128543 5 8 theme cookie 896:901 arg1 samples 903:909 the cookie samples 892:909 the cookie samples 892:909 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 6 9 theme cookie 1072:1077 arg1 samples 1079:1085 cookie samples 1072:1085 cookie samples 1072:1085 These results suggest that sugar composition plays an important role in the softening properties of cookie samples. 24128543 0 10 theme cookie 78:83 arg1 properties 64:73 the water sorption and softening properties 31:73 properties 64:73 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 0 10 theme cookie 78:83 arg1 sorption 41:48 the water sorption and softening properties 31:73 sorption 41:48 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 2 11 theme cookie 526:531 arg1 samples 533:539 the cookie samples 522:539 the cookie samples 522:539 Ts decreased linearly with increasing water content of the cookie samples. 24128543 5 12 theme samples 903:909 arg1 Tg 925:926 anhydrous Tg 915:926 anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 915:969 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 5 12 theme samples 903:909 arg1 Ts 886:887 anhydrous Ts 876:887 anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples 876:909 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 1 13 theme cookie 316:321 arg1 types 204:208 three types 198:208 three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) 198:280 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 13 theme cookie 316:321 arg1 ingredient 302:311 an ingredient 299:311 an ingredient of cookie 299:321 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 4 14 theme cookie 759:764 arg1 preparation 766:776 cookie preparation 759:776 cookie preparation 759:776 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 6 15 theme sugar 999:1003 arg1 composition 1005:1015 sugar composition 999:1015 sugar composition 999:1015 These results suggest that sugar composition plays an important role in the softening properties of cookie samples. 24128543 0 16 theme water 35:39 arg1 sorption 41:48 the water sorption and softening properties 31:73 sorption 41:48 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 5 17 theme linear 838:843 arg1 relationship 845:856 A linear relationship 836:856 A linear relationship 836:856 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 1 18 theme various 390:396 arg1 contents 404:411 various water contents 390:411 various water contents 390:411 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 5 19 theme anhydrous 915:923 arg1 Tg 925:926 anhydrous Tg 915:926 anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 915:969 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 1 20 theme water 147:151 arg1 sorption 153:160 the water sorption and softening properties 143:185 sorption 153:160 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 5 21 theme sugar 948:952 arg1 mixtures 962:969 the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 931:969 mixtures 962:969 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 1 22 from effect 112:117 arg1 sorption 153:160 the water sorption and softening properties 143:185 sorption 153:160 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 22 from effect 112:117 arg1 properties 176:185 the water sorption and softening properties 143:185 properties 176:185 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 5 23 theme anhydrous 876:884 arg1 Ts 886:887 anhydrous Ts 876:887 anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples 876:909 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 3 24 theme sugar-trehalose>sugaralone 606:631 arg1 >sugar-sorbitol 633:647 sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol 606:647 sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol 606:647 At each water content, Ts of samples was higher in the order of sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol. 24128543 1 25 dep composition 219:229 arg1 sugar-trehalose 245:259 sugar-trehalose 245:259 sugar-trehalose 245:259 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 25 dep composition 219:229 arg1 sugar-sorbitol 266:279 sugar-sorbitol 266:279 sugar-sorbitol 266:279 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 25 dep composition 219:229 arg1 sugar 232:236 sugar 232:236 sugar alone 232:242 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 3 26 theme samples 571:577 arg1 Ts 565:566 Ts 565:566 Ts of samples 565:577 At each water content, Ts of samples was higher in the order of sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol. 24128543 0 27 theme composition 16:26 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 0:84 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 5 28 theme mixtures 962:969 arg1 Tg 925:926 anhydrous Tg 915:926 anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 915:969 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 5 28 theme mixtures 962:969 arg1 Ts 886:887 anhydrous Ts 876:887 anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples 876:909 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 4 29 theme transition 679:688 arg1 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 29 theme transition 679:688 arg1 temperature 690:700 the glass transition temperature 669:700 the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation 669:776 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 1 30 theme softening 166:174 arg1 properties 176:185 the water sorption and softening properties 143:185 properties 176:185 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 0 31 theme sugar 10:14 arg1 composition 16:26 sugar composition 10:26 sugar composition 10:26 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 1 32 theme softening 328:336 arg1 Ts 351:352 Ts 351:352 Ts 351:352 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 32 theme softening 328:336 arg1 temperature 338:348 softening temperature 328:348 softening temperature (Ts) 328:353 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 4 33 theme glass 673:677 arg1 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 33 theme glass 673:677 arg1 temperature 690:700 the glass transition temperature 669:700 the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation 669:776 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 5 34 theme sugar 935:939 arg1 Tg 925:926 anhydrous Tg 915:926 anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 915:969 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 5 34 theme sugar 935:939 arg1 Ts 886:887 anhydrous Ts 876:887 anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples 876:909 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 4 35 theme alcohol 733:739 arg1 mixtures 741:748 the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 710:748 mixtures 741:748 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 36 theme sugar 727:731 arg1 mixtures 741:748 the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 710:748 mixtures 741:748 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 1 37 theme cookie 190:195 arg1 sorption 153:160 the water sorption and softening properties 143:185 sorption 153:160 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 1 37 theme cookie 190:195 arg1 properties 176:185 the water sorption and softening properties 143:185 properties 176:185 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 5 38 theme alcohol 954:960 arg1 mixtures 962:969 the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures 931:969 mixtures 962:969 A linear relationship was found between anhydrous Ts of the cookie samples and anhydrous Tg of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures. 24128543 0 39 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 64:73 the water sorption and softening properties 31:73 properties 64:73 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 0 39 from Effect 0:5 arg1 sorption 41:48 the water sorption and softening properties 31:73 sorption 41:48 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 4 40 theme mixtures 741:748 arg1 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 40 theme mixtures 741:748 arg1 temperature 690:700 the glass transition temperature 669:700 the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation 669:776 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 41 theme scanning 814:821 arg1 calorimetry 823:833 differential scanning calorimetry 801:833 differential scanning calorimetry 801:833 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 42 theme sugar 714:718 arg1 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 Tg 703:704 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 4 42 theme sugar 714:718 arg1 temperature 690:700 the glass transition temperature 669:700 the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation 669:776 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 1 43 theme thermal 437:443 arg1 analysis 457:464 thermal rheological analysis 437:464 thermal rheological analysis 437:464 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 6 44 theme softening 1048:1056 arg1 properties 1058:1067 the softening properties 1044:1067 the softening properties of cookie samples 1044:1085 These results suggest that sugar composition plays an important role in the softening properties of cookie samples. 24128543 6 45 theme samples 1079:1085 arg1 properties 1058:1067 the softening properties 1044:1067 the softening properties of cookie samples 1044:1085 These results suggest that sugar composition plays an important role in the softening properties of cookie samples. 24128543 2 46 theme water 505:509 arg1 content 511:517 water content 505:517 water content of the cookie samples 505:539 Ts decreased linearly with increasing water content of the cookie samples. 24128543 1 47 theme rheological 445:455 arg1 analysis 457:464 thermal rheological analysis 437:464 thermal rheological analysis 437:464 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 4 48 theme other 657:661 arg1 hand 663:666 the other hand 653:666 the other hand 653:666 On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar and/or sugar alcohol mixtures used for cookie preparation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. 24128543 0 49 theme softening 54:62 arg1 properties 64:73 the water sorption and softening properties 31:73 properties 64:73 Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie. 24128543 1 50 theme cookie 362:367 arg1 samples 369:375 the cookie samples 358:375 the cookie samples 358:375 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 24128543 3 51 theme each 545:548 arg1 content 556:562 each water content 545:562 each water content 545:562 At each water content, Ts of samples was higher in the order of sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol. 24128543 3 52 theme >sugar-sorbitol 633:647 arg1 order 597:601 the order 593:601 the order of sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol 593:647 At each water content, Ts of samples was higher in the order of sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol. 24128543 3 53 theme water 550:554 arg1 content 556:562 each water content 545:562 each water content 545:562 At each water content, Ts of samples was higher in the order of sugar-trehalose>sugaralone >sugar-sorbitol. 24128543 1 54 theme sugar 122:126 arg1 composition 128:138 sugar composition 122:138 sugar composition 122:138 In order to elucidate the effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie, three types of sugar composition (sugar alone, sugar-trehalose, and sugar-sorbitol) were employed as an ingredient of cookie, and softening temperature (Ts) of the cookie samples, adjusted to various water contents, was investigated using thermal rheological analysis. 27433594 6 0 theme technological 997:1009 arg1 applications 1026:1037 many technological and biological applications 992:1037 many technological and biological applications 992:1037 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 1 1 theme moldable 171:178 arg1 hydrogels 216:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 We present a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels. 27433594 4 2 from gelation 649:656 arg1 case 665:668 the case 661:668 the case of our hybrid gel 661:686 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 4 3 dep hydrogels 575:583 arg1 contrast 535:542 contrast 535:542 contrast 535:542 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 4 4 theme temperature 719:729 arg1 variation 731:739 temperature variation 719:739 temperature variation 719:739 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 4 5 theme gel 623:625 arg1 crosslinking 599:610 the physical crosslinking 586:610 the physical crosslinking of agarose gel 586:625 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 2 6 theme self-healable 310:322 arg1 matrix 324:329 self-healable matrix 310:329 self-healable matrix 310:329 The hybrid gels consist of polypyrrole and agarose as the conductive component and self-healable matrix, respectively. 27433594 4 7 theme reversible 638:647 arg1 gelation 649:656 reversible gelation 638:656 reversible gelation 638:656 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 6 8 theme composite 939:947 arg1 material 949:956 The novel composite material 929:956 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 929:1196 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 9 theme full 1140:1143 arg1 batteries 1153:1161 smart full organic batteries 1134:1161 smart full organic batteries 1134:1161 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 1 10 theme conductive 146:155 arg1 hydrogels 216:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 We present a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels. 27433594 3 11 theme oxidizing 371:379 arg1 agent 381:385 the appropriate oxidizing agent 355:385 the appropriate oxidizing agent 355:385 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 6 12 theme novel 933:937 arg1 material 949:956 The novel composite material 929:956 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 929:1196 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 5 13 theme conductive 866:875 arg1 electrode 886:894 a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode 857:894 a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode which also self-heals thermally 857:926 Exploiting this property, we fabricated a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode which also self-heals thermally. 27433594 4 14 theme electrode 806:814 arg1 behavior 779:786 the electrical on/off behavior 757:786 the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode 757:814 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 6 15 theme smart 1117:1121 arg1 membranes 1123:1131 smart membranes 1117:1131 smart membranes 1117:1131 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 16 theme artificial 1097:1106 arg1 muscles 1108:1114 artificial muscles 1097:1114 artificial muscles 1097:1114 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 17 dep report 961:966 arg1 useful 981:986 useful 981:986 useful 981:986 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 18 from applications 1026:1037 arg1 devices 1088:1094 devices 1088:1094 devices 1088:1094 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 18 from applications 1026:1037 arg1 functions 1074:1082 reactive biomimetic functions 1054:1082 reactive biomimetic functions 1054:1082 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 2 19 theme conductive 285:294 arg1 component 296:304 the conductive component 281:304 the conductive component 281:304 The hybrid gels consist of polypyrrole and agarose as the conductive component and self-healable matrix, respectively. 27433594 6 20 theme smart 1134:1138 arg1 batteries 1153:1161 smart full organic batteries 1134:1161 smart full organic batteries 1134:1161 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 3 21 theme three-dimensional 474:490 arg1 network 492:498 the three-dimensional network 470:498 the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix 470:529 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 3 22 theme temperature 412:422 arg1 conditions 393:402 conditions 393:402 conditions of mild temperature 393:422 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 4 23 theme on/off 772:777 arg1 behavior 779:786 the electrical on/off behavior 757:786 the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode 757:814 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 1 24 theme self-healable 195:207 arg1 hydrogels 216:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 We present a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels. 27433594 6 25 theme biological 1015:1024 arg1 applications 1026:1037 many technological and biological applications 992:1037 many technological and biological applications 992:1037 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 26 dep material 949:956 arg1 report 961:966 report 961:966 report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses 961:1195 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 4 27 theme electrical 761:770 arg1 behavior 779:786 the electrical on/off behavior 757:786 the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode 757:814 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 1 28 theme hybrid 209:214 arg1 hydrogels 216:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 133:224 We present a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels. 27433594 4 29 theme physical 590:597 arg1 crosslinking 599:610 the physical crosslinking 586:610 the physical crosslinking of agarose gel 586:625 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 1 30 theme hydrogels 216:224 arg1 class 124:128 a new class 118:128 a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 118:224 We present a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels. 27433594 3 31 theme mild 407:410 arg1 temperature 412:422 mild temperature 407:422 mild temperature 407:422 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 4 32 theme agarose 615:621 arg1 gel 623:625 agarose gel 615:625 agarose gel 615:625 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 1 33 theme new 120:122 arg1 class 124:128 a new class 118:128 a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels 118:224 We present a new class of electrically conductive, mechanically moldable, and thermally self-healable hybrid hydrogels. 27433594 3 34 theme agarose 507:513 arg1 matrix 524:529 the agarose hydrogel matrix 503:529 the agarose hydrogel matrix 503:529 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 0 35 theme Polypyrrole/Agarose 45:63 arg1 Hydrogels 72:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Fabrication of Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels for Smart Bioelectrodes. 27433594 6 36 theme many 992:995 arg1 applications 1026:1037 many technological and biological applications 992:1037 many technological and biological applications 992:1037 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 5 37 theme hydrogel 877:884 arg1 electrode 886:894 a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode 857:894 a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode which also self-heals thermally 857:926 Exploiting this property, we fabricated a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode which also self-heals thermally. 27433594 4 38 theme gel 684:686 arg1 case 665:668 the case 661:668 the case of our hybrid gel 661:686 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 0 39 theme Patternable 33:43 arg1 Hydrogels 72:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Fabrication of Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels for Smart Bioelectrodes. 27433594 3 40 theme pyrrole 447:453 arg1 polymerization 429:442 the polymerization 425:442 the polymerization of pyrrole 425:453 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 4 41 theme hybrid 677:682 arg1 gel 684:686 our hybrid gel 673:686 our hybrid gel 673:686 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 0 42 theme Hydrogels 72:80 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels for Smart Bioelectrodes. 0:105 Fabrication of Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels for Smart Bioelectrodes. 27433594 4 43 theme available 565:573 arg1 hydrogels 575:583 most commercially available hydrogels 547:583 most commercially available hydrogels 547:583 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 6 44 theme chemical 1179:1186 arg1 synapses 1188:1195 artificial chemical synapses 1168:1195 artificial chemical synapses 1168:1195 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 0 45 theme Hybrid 65:70 arg1 Hydrogels 72:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Fabrication of Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels for Smart Bioelectrodes. 27433594 2 46 theme hybrid 231:236 arg1 gels 238:241 The hybrid gels 227:241 The hybrid gels 227:241 The hybrid gels consist of polypyrrole and agarose as the conductive component and self-healable matrix, respectively. 27433594 6 47 theme artificial 1168:1177 arg1 synapses 1188:1195 artificial chemical synapses 1168:1195 artificial chemical synapses 1168:1195 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 3 48 theme hydrogel 515:522 arg1 matrix 524:529 the agarose hydrogel matrix 503:529 the agarose hydrogel matrix 503:529 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 4 49 theme gel 802:804 arg1 electrode 806:814 the hybrid gel electrode 791:814 the hybrid gel electrode 791:814 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 4 50 theme hybrid 795:800 arg1 electrode 806:814 the hybrid gel electrode 791:814 the hybrid gel electrode 791:814 In contrast to most commercially available hydrogels, the physical crosslinking of agarose gel allows for reversible gelation in the case of our hybrid gel, which could be manipulated by temperature variation, which controls the electrical on/off behavior of the hybrid gel electrode. 27433594 3 51 theme matrix 524:529 arg1 network 492:498 the three-dimensional network 470:498 the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix 470:529 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 5 52 theme hybrid 859:864 arg1 electrode 886:894 a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode 857:894 a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode which also self-heals thermally 857:926 Exploiting this property, we fabricated a hybrid conductive hydrogel electrode which also self-heals thermally. 27433594 6 53 theme biomimetic 1063:1072 arg1 functions 1074:1082 reactive biomimetic functions 1054:1082 reactive biomimetic functions 1054:1082 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 3 54 theme appropriate 359:369 arg1 agent 381:385 the appropriate oxidizing agent 355:385 the appropriate oxidizing agent 355:385 By using the appropriate oxidizing agent under conditions of mild temperature, the polymerization of pyrrole occurred along the three-dimensional network of the agarose hydrogel matrix. 27433594 0 55 theme Self-Healable 15:27 arg1 Hydrogels 72:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels 15:80 Fabrication of Self-Healable and Patternable Polypyrrole/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogels for Smart Bioelectrodes. 27433594 6 56 theme organic 1145:1151 arg1 batteries 1153:1161 smart full organic batteries 1134:1161 smart full organic batteries 1134:1161 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 27433594 6 57 theme reactive 1054:1061 arg1 functions 1074:1082 reactive biomimetic functions 1054:1082 reactive biomimetic functions 1054:1082 The novel composite material we report here will be useful for many technological and biological applications, especially in reactive biomimetic functions and devices, artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart full organic batteries, and artificial chemical synapses. 28478566 4 0 theme bacterial 627:635 arg1 serotypes 637:645 different bacterial serotypes 617:645 different bacterial serotypes 617:645 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 7 1 theme strains 1239:1245 arg1 characteristics 1195:1209 characteristics 1195:1209 characteristics of the respective bacterial strains 1195:1245 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 7 1 theme strains 1239:1245 arg1 profiles 1175:1182 their electrophoretic profiles 1153:1182 their electrophoretic profiles 1153:1182 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 2 2 theme bacterial 376:384 arg1 diseases 386:393 numerous bacterial diseases 367:393 numerous bacterial diseases 367:393 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 2 2 theme bacterial 376:384 arg1 sepsis 428:433 Gram-negative sepsis 414:433 Gram-negative sepsis 414:433 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 10 3 theme sensitive 1684:1692 arg1 method 1694:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method 1651:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract 1651:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 7 4 theme respective 1218:1227 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the respective bacterial strains 1214:1245 the respective bacterial strains 1214:1245 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 2 5 theme microorganisms 303:316 arg1 activity 285:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity 244:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms 244:316 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 8 6 theme bacterial 1442:1450 arg1 strains 1452:1458 different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1418:1458 different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1418:1458 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 1 7 theme bacteria 201:208 arg1 envelope 175:182 the envelope 171:182 the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 171:208 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 6 8 theme fluorescent 1073:1083 arg1 dye 1085:1087 a fluorescent dye 1071:1087 a fluorescent dye 1071:1087 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 5 9 theme Microchip 770:778 arg1 methodology 796:806 Microchip electrophoretic methodology 770:806 Microchip electrophoretic methodology 770:806 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 9 10 theme S 1597:1597 arg1 separation 1515:1524 high-resolution separation 1499:1524 high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins 1499:1614 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 8 11 theme components 1315:1324 arg1 components 1315:1324 components 1315:1324 components in an endotoxin extract 1315:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 11 theme components 1315:1324 arg1 amounts 1304:1310 the relative amounts 1291:1310 the relative amounts 1291:1310 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 11 theme components 1315:1324 arg1 distribution 1273:1284 distribution 1273:1284 distribution 1273:1284 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 11 theme components 1315:1324 arg1 number 1265:1270 number 1265:1270 number 1265:1270 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 10 12 theme quantitative 1745:1756 arg1 evaluation 1758:1767 the quantitative evaluation 1741:1767 the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract 1741:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 7 13 theme electrophoretic 1159:1173 arg1 characteristics 1195:1209 characteristics 1195:1209 characteristics of the respective bacterial strains 1195:1245 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 7 13 theme electrophoretic 1159:1173 arg1 profiles 1175:1182 their electrophoretic profiles 1153:1182 their electrophoretic profiles 1153:1182 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 7 14 theme LPSs 1123:1126 arg1 classification 1094:1107 The classification 1090:1107 The classification of the S-type LPSs 1090:1126 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 9 15 theme R 1603:1603 arg1 endotoxins 1605:1614 R endotoxins 1603:1614 R endotoxins 1603:1614 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 6 16 theme covalent 1051:1058 arg1 binding 1060:1066 covalent binding 1051:1066 covalent binding of a fluorescent dye 1051:1087 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 1 17 dep Endotoxins 88:97 arg1 LOS 148:150 LOS 148:150 LOS 148:150 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 1 17 dep Endotoxins 88:97 arg1 LPS 121:123 LPS 121:123 LPS 121:123 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 1 17 dep Endotoxins 88:97 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 100:118 lipopolysaccharides 100:118 lipopolysaccharides 100:118 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 10 18 theme endotoxins 1722:1731 arg1 detection 1709:1717 the detection 1705:1717 the detection of endotoxins 1705:1731 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 2 19 theme responsible 228:238 arg1 molecules 217:225 These molecules 211:225 These molecules 211:225 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 8 20 from extract 1342:1348 arg1 components 1315:1324 components 1315:1324 components in an endotoxin extract 1315:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 20 from extract 1342:1348 arg1 amounts 1304:1310 the relative amounts 1291:1310 the relative amounts 1291:1310 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 20 from extract 1342:1348 arg1 distribution 1273:1284 distribution 1273:1284 distribution 1273:1284 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 20 from extract 1342:1348 arg1 number 1265:1270 number 1265:1270 number 1265:1270 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 6 21 theme endotoxins 1037:1046 arg1 labeling 1025:1032 the direct labeling 1014:1032 the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye 1014:1087 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 2 22 theme biological 274:283 arg1 activity 285:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity 244:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms 244:316 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 8 23 theme different 1418:1426 arg1 strains 1452:1458 different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1418:1458 different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1418:1458 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 5 24 theme LPS 851:853 arg1 molecules 855:863 LPS molecules 851:863 LPS molecules from several bacteria 851:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 4 25 theme chains 762:767 arg1 length 718:723 length 718:723 length 718:723 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 4 25 theme chains 762:767 arg1 composition 702:712 composition 702:712 composition 702:712 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 4 26 from serotypes 637:645 arg1 LPS 608:610 the LPS 604:610 the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants 604:663 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 10 27 theme components 1772:1781 arg1 evaluation 1758:1767 the quantitative evaluation 1741:1767 the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract 1741:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 0 28 theme Endotoxin 51:59 arg1 Chemotypes 61:70 Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes 36:70 Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes 36:70 Capillary Electrophoresis Chips for Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes and Subclasses. 28478566 0 29 theme Capillary 0:8 arg1 Electrophoresis 10:24 Capillary Electrophoresis 0:24 Capillary Electrophoresis 0:24 Capillary Electrophoresis Chips for Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes and Subclasses. 28478566 10 30 theme microchip 1622:1630 arg1 technique 1632:1640 This microchip technique 1617:1640 This microchip technique 1617:1640 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 10 31 theme extract 1799:1805 arg1 components 1772:1781 components 1772:1781 components of an endotoxin extract 1772:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 5 32 theme components 922:931 arg1 evaluation 908:917 the quantitative evaluation 891:917 the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts 891:953 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 32 theme components 922:931 arg1 characterization 831:846 the structural characterization 816:846 the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria 816:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 6 33 theme electrophoretic 979:993 arg1 method 995:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method 956:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method 956:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 0 34 theme Fingerprinting 36:49 arg1 Chemotypes 61:70 Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes 36:70 Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes 36:70 Capillary Electrophoresis Chips for Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes and Subclasses. 28478566 6 35 theme improved 960:967 arg1 method 995:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method 956:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method 956:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 10 36 theme new 1653:1655 arg1 method 1694:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method 1651:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract 1651:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 2 37 theme numerous 367:374 arg1 diseases 386:393 numerous bacterial diseases 367:393 numerous bacterial diseases 367:393 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 2 37 theme numerous 367:374 arg1 sepsis 428:433 Gram-negative sepsis 414:433 Gram-negative sepsis 414:433 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 9 38 theme high-resolution 1499:1513 arg1 separation 1515:1524 high-resolution separation 1499:1524 high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins 1499:1614 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 3 39 theme physiological 501:513 arg1 effects 538:544 their physiological and pathophysiological effects 495:544 their physiological and pathophysiological effects 495:544 The characterization of endotoxins is of importance, since their physiological and pathophysiological effects depend on their chemical structure. 28478566 10 40 theme fast 1674:1677 arg1 method 1694:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method 1651:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract 1651:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 8 41 from strains 1452:1458 arg1 endotoxins 1402:1411 the S-type endotoxins 1391:1411 the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1391:1458 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 42 from amounts 1304:1310 arg1 extract 1342:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 10 43 theme standardizable 1658:1671 arg1 method 1694:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method 1651:1699 a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract 1651:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 5 44 theme molecules 855:863 arg1 evaluation 908:917 the quantitative evaluation 891:917 the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts 891:953 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 44 theme molecules 855:863 arg1 characterization 831:846 the structural characterization 816:846 the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria 816:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 7 45 theme bacterial 1229:1237 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the respective bacterial strains 1214:1245 the respective bacterial strains 1214:1245 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 9 46 theme purified 1548:1555 arg1 S 1597:1597 pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S 1529:1597 pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S 1529:1597 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 6 47 theme direct 1018:1023 arg1 labeling 1025:1032 the direct labeling 1014:1032 the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye 1014:1087 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 4 48 theme different 617:625 arg1 serotypes 637:645 different bacterial serotypes 617:645 different bacterial serotypes 617:645 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 1 49 dep lipopolysaccharides 100:118 arg1 lipooligosaccharides 126:145 lipooligosaccharides 126:145 lipooligosaccharides 126:145 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 3 50 theme pathophysiological 519:536 arg1 effects 538:544 their physiological and pathophysiological effects 495:544 their physiological and pathophysiological effects 495:544 The characterization of endotoxins is of importance, since their physiological and pathophysiological effects depend on their chemical structure. 28478566 1 51 theme Gram-negative 187:199 arg1 bacteria 201:208 Gram-negative bacteria 187:208 Gram-negative bacteria 187:208 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 1 52 theme envelope 175:182 arg1 Endotoxins 88:97 Endotoxins 88:97 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) 88:151 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 1 52 theme envelope 175:182 arg1 components 157:166 components 157:166 components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 157:208 Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS; lipooligosaccharides, LOS) are components of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 28478566 8 53 from components 1315:1324 arg1 extract 1342:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 2 54 from diseases 386:393 arg1 humans 398:403 humans 398:403 humans 398:403 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 8 55 theme endotoxin 1332:1340 arg1 extract 1342:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 9 56 theme whole-cell 1578:1587 arg1 lysate 1589:1594 whole-cell lysate 1578:1594 whole-cell lysate 1578:1594 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 6 57 theme dye 1085:1087 arg1 binding 1060:1066 covalent binding 1051:1066 covalent binding of a fluorescent dye 1051:1087 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 8 58 theme relative 1295:1302 arg1 components 1315:1324 components 1315:1324 components in an endotoxin extract 1315:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 58 theme relative 1295:1302 arg1 amounts 1304:1310 the relative amounts 1291:1310 the relative amounts 1291:1310 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 8 59 theme Gram-negative 1428:1440 arg1 strains 1452:1458 different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1418:1458 different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1418:1458 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 5 60 theme electrophoretic 780:794 arg1 methodology 796:806 Microchip electrophoretic methodology 770:806 Microchip electrophoretic methodology 770:806 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 61 from characterization 831:846 arg1 bacteria 878:885 several bacteria 870:885 several bacteria 870:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 2 62 theme advantageous 249:260 arg1 activity 285:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity 244:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms 244:316 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 5 63 theme extracts 946:953 arg1 components 922:931 components 922:931 components of endotoxin extracts 922:953 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 9 64 theme endotoxins 1605:1614 arg1 separation 1515:1524 high-resolution separation 1499:1524 high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins 1499:1614 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 7 65 theme S-type 1116:1121 arg1 LPSs 1123:1126 the S-type LPSs 1112:1126 the S-type LPSs 1112:1126 The classification of the S-type LPSs can be done according to their electrophoretic profiles, which are characteristics of the respective bacterial strains. 28478566 8 66 theme S-type 1395:1400 arg1 endotoxins 1402:1411 the S-type endotoxins 1391:1411 the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains 1391:1458 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 2 67 theme harmful 266:272 arg1 activity 285:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity 244:292 both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms 244:316 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 4 68 from mutants 657:663 arg1 LPS 608:610 the LPS 604:610 the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants 604:663 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 4 69 theme O-polysaccharide 745:760 arg1 chains 762:767 their O-polysaccharide chains 739:767 their O-polysaccharide chains 739:767 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 5 70 from bacteria 878:885 arg1 evaluation 908:917 the quantitative evaluation 891:917 the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts 891:953 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 70 from bacteria 878:885 arg1 characterization 831:846 the structural characterization 816:846 the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria 816:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 70 from bacteria 878:885 arg1 molecules 855:863 LPS molecules 851:863 LPS molecules from several bacteria 851:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 8 71 dep number 1265:1270 arg1 the 1261:1263 the 1261:1263 the 1261:1263 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 5 72 theme structural 820:829 arg1 characterization 831:846 the structural characterization 816:846 the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria 816:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 73 theme endotoxin 936:944 arg1 extracts 946:953 endotoxin extracts 936:953 endotoxin extracts 936:953 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 74 theme quantitative 895:906 arg1 evaluation 908:917 the quantitative evaluation 891:917 the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts 891:953 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 5 75 from evaluation 908:917 arg1 bacteria 878:885 several bacteria 870:885 several bacteria 870:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 3 76 theme endotoxins 460:469 arg1 characterization 440:455 The characterization 436:455 The characterization of endotoxins 436:469 The characterization of endotoxins is of importance, since their physiological and pathophysiological effects depend on their chemical structure. 28478566 10 77 theme endotoxin 1789:1797 arg1 extract 1799:1805 an endotoxin extract 1786:1805 an endotoxin extract 1786:1805 This microchip technique provides a new, standardizable, fast, and sensitive method for the detection of endotoxins and for the quantitative evaluation of components of an endotoxin extract. 28478566 5 78 theme several 870:876 arg1 bacteria 878:885 several bacteria 870:885 several bacteria 870:885 Microchip electrophoretic methodology enables the structural characterization of LPS molecules from several bacteria and the quantitative evaluation of components of endotoxin extracts. 28478566 9 79 theme microchip 1465:1473 arg1 electrophoresis 1475:1489 The microchip electrophoresis 1461:1489 The microchip electrophoresis 1461:1489 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 6 80 theme microchip 969:977 arg1 method 995:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method 956:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method 956:1000 The improved microchip electrophoretic method is based on the direct labeling of endotoxins by covalent binding of a fluorescent dye. 28478566 4 81 dep composition 702:712 arg1 the 698:700 the 698:700 the 698:700 The differences among the LPS from different bacterial serotypes and their mutants include variations mainly within the composition and length or missing of their O-polysaccharide chains. 28478566 2 82 theme Gram-negative 414:426 arg1 sepsis 428:433 Gram-negative sepsis 414:433 Gram-negative sepsis 414:433 These molecules, responsible for both advantageous and harmful biological activity of these microorganisms, are highly immunogenic and directly involved in numerous bacterial diseases in humans, such as Gram-negative sepsis. 28478566 8 83 from distribution 1273:1284 arg1 extract 1342:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 9 84 theme pure 1529:1532 arg1 S 1597:1597 pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S 1529:1597 pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S 1529:1597 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 8 85 from number 1265:1270 arg1 extract 1342:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 an endotoxin extract 1329:1348 According to the number, distribution, and the relative amounts of components in an endotoxin extract, it is possible to differentiate between the S-type endotoxins from different Gram-negative bacterial strains. 28478566 9 86 dep S 1597:1597 arg1 e.g. 1558:1561 e.g. 1558:1561 e.g. 1558:1561 The microchip electrophoresis affords high-resolution separation of pure and partially purified (e.g., obtained from whole-cell lysate) S and R endotoxins. 28478566 3 87 theme chemical 562:569 arg1 structure 571:579 their chemical structure 556:579 their chemical structure 556:579 The characterization of endotoxins is of importance, since their physiological and pathophysiological effects depend on their chemical structure. 27592435 8 0 theme broccoli 964:971 arg1 soups 973:977 broccoli soups 964:977 broccoli soups 964:977 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 12 1 contain had 1596:1598 arg1 Permeates 1557:1565 Permeates 1557:1565 Permeates 1557:1565 Permeates with higher cardboard flavor had higher levels of aldehydes. 27592435 12 1 contain had 1596:1598 arg2 levels 1607:1612 higher levels 1600:1612 higher levels of aldehydes 1600:1625 Permeates with higher cardboard flavor had higher levels of aldehydes. 27592435 10 2 theme salty 1433:1437 arg1 taste 1439:1443 salty taste 1433:1443 salty taste 1433:1443 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 10 3 theme high 1371:1374 arg1 intensities 1376:1386 high intensities 1371:1386 high intensities of cardboard 1371:1399 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 13 4 theme added 1740:1744 arg1 salt 1746:1749 added salt 1740:1749 added salt 1740:1749 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 7 5 theme gas 846:848 arg1 spectrometry 870:881 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 846:881 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 846:881 Volatile compounds were extracted from permeates by solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27592435 2 6 theme sodium 263:268 arg1 content 270:276 sodium content 263:276 sodium content 263:276 Previous work has shown that these permeates contribute to salty taste without contributing significantly to sodium content. 27592435 11 7 theme sweet 1520:1524 arg1 taste 1526:1530 sweet taste 1520:1530 sweet taste 1520:1530 Milk, Cheddar, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were characterized by sweet taste and cooked milky flavor. 27592435 7 8 theme solid 813:817 arg1 microextraction 825:839 solid phase microextraction 813:839 solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 813:881 Volatile compounds were extracted from permeates by solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27592435 14 9 theme cottage 1852:1858 arg1 cheese 1860:1865 cottage cheese 1852:1865 cottage cheese 1852:1865 Soup with permeate from cottage cheese was the least liked of all soups, likely due to its sour taste. 27592435 8 10 from testing 1046:1052 arg1 soups 1069:1073 the soups 1065:1073 the soups 1065:1073 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 9 11 theme higher 1206:1211 arg1 taste 1219:1223 a higher salty taste 1204:1223 a higher salty taste 1204:1223 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 12 12 theme cardboard 1579:1587 arg1 flavor 1589:1594 higher cardboard flavor 1572:1594 higher cardboard flavor 1572:1594 Permeates with higher cardboard flavor had higher levels of aldehydes. 27592435 2 13 theme salty 213:217 arg1 taste 219:223 salty taste 213:223 salty taste 213:223 Previous work has shown that these permeates contribute to salty taste without contributing significantly to sodium content. 27592435 16 14 theme whey 2081:2084 arg1 streams 2086:2092 different whey streams 2071:2092 different whey streams 2071:2092 These results demonstrate the potential for milk, whey, and delactosed permeates from different whey streams to be used as salt substitutes in product applications. 27592435 4 15 dep whey 594:597 arg1 permeate 599:606 permeate 599:606 permeate 599:606 Skim milk, Cheddar, cottage, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were manufactured in triplicate, and delactosed whey permeate was obtained in triplicate. 27592435 1 16 theme dairy 128:132 arg1 manufacture 141:151 high-protein dairy powder manufacture 115:151 high-protein dairy powder manufacture 115:151 Whey and milk permeates are by-products of high-protein dairy powder manufacture. 27592435 13 17 from perception 1688:1697 arg1 soups 1702:1706 soups 1702:1706 soups 1702:1706 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 8 18 theme consumer 1026:1033 arg1 testing 1046:1052 consumer acceptance testing 1026:1052 consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups 1026:1073 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 8 18 theme consumer 1026:1033 arg1 n=105 1055:1059 n=105 1055:1059 n=105 1055:1059 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 1 19 theme manufacture 141:151 arg1 by-products 100:110 by-products 100:110 by-products of high-protein dairy powder manufacture 100:151 Whey and milk permeates are by-products of high-protein dairy powder manufacture. 27592435 13 20 theme salty 1676:1680 arg1 perception 1688:1697 salty taste perception 1676:1697 salty taste perception in soups 1676:1706 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 10 21 theme Cottage 1226:1232 arg1 whey 1241:1244 Cottage cheese whey 1226:1244 Cottage cheese whey 1226:1244 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 3 22 from analysis 368:375 arg1 milk 405:408 different milk and whey streams 395:425 milk 405:408 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 22 from analysis 368:375 arg1 streams 419:425 different milk and whey streams 395:425 streams 419:425 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 22 from analysis 368:375 arg1 application 452:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 10 23 dep permeate 1246:1253 arg1 whereas 1334:1340 whereas 1334:1340 whereas 1334:1340 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 3 24 theme sensory 326:332 arg1 characteristics 334:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 8 25 theme trained 886:892 arg1 panel 902:906 A trained sensory panel 884:906 A trained sensory panel 884:906 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 3 26 theme permeates 380:388 arg1 characteristics 334:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 26 theme permeates 380:388 arg1 analysis 368:375 compositional analysis 354:375 compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them 354:477 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 4 27 theme Skim 480:483 arg1 milk 485:488 Skim milk 480:488 Skim milk 480:488 Skim milk, Cheddar, cottage, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were manufactured in triplicate, and delactosed whey permeate was obtained in triplicate. 27592435 13 28 theme salty 1657:1661 arg1 taste 1663:1667 salty taste 1657:1667 salty taste 1657:1667 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 9 29 theme cheese 1084:1089 arg1 whey 1091:1094 Cottage cheese whey permeate 1076:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate 1076:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 4 30 dep milk 485:488 arg1 permeates 536:544 permeates 536:544 permeates 536:544 Skim milk, Cheddar, cottage, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were manufactured in triplicate, and delactosed whey permeate was obtained in triplicate. 27592435 14 31 theme sour 1919:1922 arg1 taste 1924:1928 its sour taste 1915:1928 its sour taste 1915:1928 Soup with permeate from cottage cheese was the least liked of all soups, likely due to its sour taste. 27592435 12 32 theme higher 1600:1605 arg1 levels 1607:1612 higher levels 1600:1612 higher levels of aldehydes 1600:1625 Permeates with higher cardboard flavor had higher levels of aldehydes. 27592435 5 33 dep Composition 636:646 arg1 solids 663:668 solids 663:668 solids 663:668 Composition (protein, fat, solids, minerals) was conducted on permeates. 27592435 5 33 dep Composition 636:646 arg1 fat 658:660 fat 658:660 fat 658:660 Composition (protein, fat, solids, minerals) was conducted on permeates. 27592435 5 33 dep Composition 636:646 arg1 protein 649:655 protein 649:655 protein 649:655 Composition (protein, fat, solids, minerals) was conducted on permeates. 27592435 5 33 dep Composition 636:646 arg1 minerals 671:678 minerals 671:678 minerals 671:678 Composition (protein, fat, solids, minerals) was conducted on permeates. 27592435 10 34 theme caramel 1291:1297 arg1 flavors 1299:1305 potato or brothy and caramel flavors 1270:1305 flavors 1299:1305 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 0 35 theme whey 14:17 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed 0:39 Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed permeates as salt substitutes. 27592435 8 36 theme sensory 919:925 arg1 attributes 927:936 sensory attributes 919:936 sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups 919:977 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 3 37 theme product 444:450 arg1 application 452:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 0 38 theme milk 20:23 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed 0:39 Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed permeates as salt substitutes. 27592435 16 39 dep delactosed 2045:2054 arg1 permeates 2056:2064 permeates 2056:2064 permeates 2056:2064 These results demonstrate the potential for milk, whey, and delactosed permeates from different whey streams to be used as salt substitutes in product applications. 27592435 13 40 dep soups 1821:1825 arg1 permeate 1812:1819 permeate 1812:1819 permeate 1812:1819 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 3 41 theme different 395:403 arg1 milk 405:408 different milk and whey streams 395:425 milk 405:408 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 9 42 theme lactic 1124:1129 arg1 content 1136:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 7 43 with microextraction 825:839 arg1 spectrometry 870:881 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 846:881 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 846:881 Volatile compounds were extracted from permeates by solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27592435 14 44 theme soups 1894:1898 arg1 Soup 1828:1831 Soup 1828:1831 Soup with permeate from cottage cheese 1828:1865 Soup with permeate from cottage cheese was the least liked of all soups, likely due to its sour taste. 27592435 14 44 theme soups 1894:1898 arg1 liked 1881:1885 liked 1881:1885 liked 1881:1885 Soup with permeate from cottage cheese was the least liked of all soups, likely due to its sour taste. 27592435 4 45 theme Mozzarella 513:522 arg1 whey 531:534 Mozzarella cheese whey 513:534 Mozzarella cheese whey 513:534 Skim milk, Cheddar, cottage, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were manufactured in triplicate, and delactosed whey permeate was obtained in triplicate. 27592435 6 46 theme acid 717:720 arg1 composition 722:732 Organic acid composition 709:732 Organic acid composition 709:732 Organic acid composition was determined using HPLC. 27592435 10 47 theme salty 1320:1324 arg1 tastes 1326:1331 salty tastes 1320:1331 salty tastes 1320:1331 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 4 48 theme delactosed 583:592 arg1 whey 594:597 delactosed whey permeate 583:606 delactosed whey permeate 583:606 Skim milk, Cheddar, cottage, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were manufactured in triplicate, and delactosed whey permeate was obtained in triplicate. 27592435 13 49 dep permeates 1632:1640 arg1 contributed 1642:1652 contributed 1642:1652 permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups 1632:1706 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 9 50 dep whey 1091:1094 arg1 permeate 1096:1103 permeate 1096:1103 permeate 1096:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 2 51 dep these 183:187 arg1 permeates 189:197 permeates 189:197 permeates 189:197 Previous work has shown that these permeates contribute to salty taste without contributing significantly to sodium content. 27592435 10 52 theme cardboard 1391:1399 arg1 intensities 1376:1386 high intensities 1371:1386 high intensities of cardboard 1371:1399 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 3 53 from application 452:462 arg1 characteristics 334:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 53 from application 452:462 arg1 analysis 368:375 compositional analysis 354:375 compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them 354:477 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 16 54 theme product 2128:2134 arg1 applications 2136:2147 product applications 2128:2147 product applications 2128:2147 These results demonstrate the potential for milk, whey, and delactosed permeates from different whey streams to be used as salt substitutes in product applications. 27592435 7 55 theme chromatography-mass 850:868 arg1 spectrometry 870:881 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 846:881 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 846:881 Volatile compounds were extracted from permeates by solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27592435 3 56 from streams 419:425 arg1 characteristics 334:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 56 from streams 419:425 arg1 analysis 368:375 compositional analysis 354:375 compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them 354:477 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 11 57 theme cooked 1536:1541 arg1 flavor 1549:1554 cooked milky flavor 1536:1554 cooked milky flavor 1536:1554 Milk, Cheddar, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were characterized by sweet taste and cooked milky flavor. 27592435 12 58 theme higher 1572:1577 arg1 flavor 1589:1594 higher cardboard flavor 1572:1594 higher cardboard flavor 1572:1594 Permeates with higher cardboard flavor had higher levels of aldehydes. 27592435 13 59 theme control 1722:1728 arg1 saltier 1768:1774 saltier 1768:1774 saltier 1768:1774 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 13 59 theme control 1722:1728 arg1 soup 1730:1733 the control soup 1718:1733 the control soup with added salt 1718:1749 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 7 60 theme phase 819:823 arg1 microextraction 825:839 solid phase microextraction 813:839 solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 813:881 Volatile compounds were extracted from permeates by solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27592435 9 61 theme acid 1131:1134 arg1 content 1136:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 16 62 theme different 2071:2079 arg1 streams 2086:2092 different whey streams 2071:2092 different whey streams 2071:2092 These results demonstrate the potential for milk, whey, and delactosed permeates from different whey streams to be used as salt substitutes in product applications. 27592435 9 63 theme salty 1213:1217 arg1 taste 1219:1223 a higher salty taste 1204:1223 a higher salty taste 1204:1223 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 3 64 theme study 301:305 arg1 objective 283:291 The objective 279:291 The objective of this study 279:305 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 11 65 theme Mozzarella 1465:1474 arg1 whey 1483:1486 Mozzarella cheese whey 1465:1486 Mozzarella cheese whey 1465:1486 Milk, Cheddar, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were characterized by sweet taste and cooked milky flavor. 27592435 1 66 theme high-protein 115:126 arg1 manufacture 141:151 high-protein dairy powder manufacture 115:151 high-protein dairy powder manufacture 115:151 Whey and milk permeates are by-products of high-protein dairy powder manufacture. 27592435 11 67 theme cheese 1476:1481 arg1 whey 1483:1486 Mozzarella cheese whey 1465:1486 Mozzarella cheese whey 1465:1486 Milk, Cheddar, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were characterized by sweet taste and cooked milky flavor. 27592435 15 68 dep other 1935:1939 arg1 permeate 1941:1948 permeate 1941:1948 permeate 1941:1948 All other permeate soups scored at parity for liking. 27592435 3 69 from milk 405:408 arg1 characteristics 334:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 the sensory characteristics 322:348 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 69 from milk 405:408 arg1 analysis 368:375 compositional analysis 354:375 compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them 354:477 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 8 70 theme acceptance 1035:1044 arg1 testing 1046:1052 consumer acceptance testing 1026:1052 consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups 1026:1073 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 8 70 theme acceptance 1035:1044 arg1 n=105 1055:1059 n=105 1055:1059 n=105 1055:1059 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 1 71 theme powder 134:139 arg1 manufacture 141:151 high-protein dairy powder manufacture 115:151 high-protein dairy powder manufacture 115:151 Whey and milk permeates are by-products of high-protein dairy powder manufacture. 27592435 16 72 from streams 2086:2092 arg1 milk 2029:2032 milk 2029:2032 milk 2029:2032 These results demonstrate the potential for milk, whey, and delactosed permeates from different whey streams to be used as salt substitutes in product applications. 27592435 16 72 from streams 2086:2092 arg1 whey 2035:2038 whey 2035:2038 whey 2035:2038 These results demonstrate the potential for milk, whey, and delactosed permeates from different whey streams to be used as salt substitutes in product applications. 27592435 10 73 theme brothy 1414:1419 arg1 flavors 1421:1427 brothy flavors 1414:1427 brothy flavors 1414:1427 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 10 74 theme cheese 1234:1239 arg1 whey 1241:1244 Cottage cheese whey 1226:1244 Cottage cheese whey 1226:1244 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 3 75 theme compositional 354:366 arg1 analysis 368:375 compositional analysis 354:375 compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them 354:477 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 13 76 theme taste 1682:1686 arg1 perception 1688:1697 salty taste perception 1676:1697 salty taste perception in soups 1676:1706 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 9 77 contain contained 1105:1113 arg2 content 1136:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 9 77 contain contained 1105:1113 arg1 whey 1091:1094 Cottage cheese whey permeate 1076:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate 1076:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 12 78 theme aldehydes 1617:1625 arg1 levels 1607:1612 higher levels 1600:1612 higher levels of aldehydes 1600:1625 Permeates with higher cardboard flavor had higher levels of aldehydes. 27592435 9 79 theme Cottage 1076:1082 arg1 whey 1091:1094 Cottage cheese whey permeate 1076:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate 1076:1103 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 3 80 theme low-sodium 433:442 arg1 application 452:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 13 81 with soup 1730:1733 arg1 salt 1746:1749 added salt 1740:1749 added salt 1740:1749 All permeates contributed to salty taste and to salty taste perception in soups; although the control soup with added salt was perceived as saltier and was preferred by consumers over permeate soups. 27592435 3 82 from characteristics 334:348 arg1 milk 405:408 different milk and whey streams 395:425 milk 405:408 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 82 from characteristics 334:348 arg1 streams 419:425 different milk and whey streams 395:425 streams 419:425 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 3 82 from characteristics 334:348 arg1 application 452:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 a low-sodium product application 431:462 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 6 83 theme Organic 709:715 arg1 composition 722:732 Organic acid composition 709:732 Organic acid composition 709:732 Organic acid composition was determined using HPLC. 27592435 8 84 theme sensory 894:900 arg1 panel 902:906 A trained sensory panel 884:906 A trained sensory panel 884:906 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 9 85 dep other 1149:1153 arg1 permeates 1155:1163 permeates 1155:1163 permeates 1155:1163 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 3 86 theme whey 414:417 arg1 streams 419:425 different milk and whey streams 395:425 streams 419:425 The objective of this study was to explore the sensory characteristics and compositional analysis of permeates from different milk and whey streams and a low-sodium product application made from them. 27592435 2 87 theme Previous 154:161 arg1 work 163:166 Previous work 154:166 Previous work 154:166 Previous work has shown that these permeates contribute to salty taste without contributing significantly to sodium content. 27592435 9 88 theme higher 1117:1122 arg1 content 1136:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 a higher lactic acid content 1115:1142 Cottage cheese whey permeate contained a higher lactic acid content than other permeates, which has been shown to contribute to a higher salty taste. 27592435 0 89 theme delactosed 30:39 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed 0:39 Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed permeates as salt substitutes. 27592435 7 90 theme Volatile 761:768 arg1 compounds 770:778 Volatile compounds 761:778 Volatile compounds 761:778 Volatile compounds were extracted from permeates by solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27592435 14 91 with Soup 1828:1831 arg1 permeate 1838:1845 permeate 1838:1845 permeate 1838:1845 Soup with permeate from cottage cheese was the least liked of all soups, likely due to its sour taste. 27592435 4 92 theme cheese 524:529 arg1 whey 531:534 Mozzarella cheese whey 513:534 Mozzarella cheese whey 513:534 Skim milk, Cheddar, cottage, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were manufactured in triplicate, and delactosed whey permeate was obtained in triplicate. 27592435 11 93 theme milky 1543:1547 arg1 flavor 1549:1554 cooked milky flavor 1536:1554 cooked milky flavor 1536:1554 Milk, Cheddar, and Mozzarella cheese whey permeates were characterized by sweet taste and cooked milky flavor. 27592435 8 94 theme permeates 941:949 arg1 attributes 927:936 sensory attributes 919:936 sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups 919:977 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 10 95 theme delactosed 1342:1351 arg1 whey 1353:1356 delactosed whey 1342:1356 delactosed whey 1342:1356 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 27592435 8 96 dep permeates 1004:1012 arg1 followed 1014:1021 followed 1014:1021 permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups 1004:1073 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 8 97 theme cream 955:959 arg1 attributes 927:936 sensory attributes 919:936 sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups 919:977 A trained sensory panel documented sensory attributes of permeates and cream of broccoli soups with and without salt or permeates followed by consumer acceptance testing (n=105) on the soups. 27592435 15 98 dep soups 1950:1954 arg1 scored 1956:1961 scored 1956:1961 soups scored at parity for liking 1950:1982 All other permeate soups scored at parity for liking. 27592435 10 99 dep permeate 1358:1365 arg1 had 1367:1369 had 1367:1369 permeate had high intensities of cardboard 1358:1399 Cottage cheese whey permeate also contained potato or brothy and caramel flavors and sour and salty tastes, whereas delactosed whey permeate had high intensities of cardboard and beefy or brothy flavors and salty taste. 24769084 6 0 theme simple 1287:1292 arg1 diffusion-control 1294:1310 the simple diffusion-control 1283:1310 the simple diffusion-control 1283:1310 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 5 1 with one 957:959 arg1 % 970:970 20wt% OPAL 966:975 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 966:1005 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 2 from sodium 1117:1122 arg1 pH 1159:1160 pH 6.8 1159:1164 pH 6.8 1159:1164 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 2 from sodium 1117:1122 arg1 solution 1149:1156 phosphate buffer solution 1132:1156 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 1132:1165 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 6 3 from content 1361:1367 arg1 matrix 1372:1377 matrix 1372:1377 matrix 1372:1377 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 2 4 mod modified 351:358 arg3 betaine 375:381 hexadecyl betaine 365:381 hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) 365:389 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 4 mod modified 351:358 arg3 BS-16 384:388 BS-16 384:388 BS-16 384:388 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 4 mod modified 351:358 arg1 Palygorskite 293:304 Palygorskite 293:304 Palygorskite 293:304 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 4 mod modified 351:358 arg1 kind 309:312 a kind 307:312 a kind of natural one-dimensional clay 307:344 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 5 5 theme phosphate 1132:1140 arg1 pH 1159:1160 pH 6.8 1159:1164 pH 6.8 1159:1164 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 5 theme phosphate 1132:1140 arg1 solution 1149:1156 phosphate buffer solution 1132:1156 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 1132:1165 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 2 6 theme drug 504:507 arg1 encapsulation 509:521 drug encapsulation 504:521 drug encapsulation 504:521 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 5 7 theme continuous 1072:1081 arg1 release 1094:1100 continuous cumulative release 1072:1100 continuous cumulative release 1072:1100 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 8 theme composite 947:955 arg1 one 957:959 the composite one 943:959 the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 943:1005 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 4 9 from behavior 742:749 arg1 properties 825:834 the properties 821:834 the properties of the drug loading and releasing 821:868 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 10 theme swelling 733:740 arg1 behavior 742:749 The swelling behavior 729:749 The swelling behavior of the microspheres 729:769 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 5 11 theme buffer 1142:1147 arg1 pH 1159:1160 pH 6.8 1159:1164 pH 6.8 1159:1164 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 11 theme buffer 1142:1147 arg1 solution 1149:1156 phosphate buffer solution 1132:1156 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 1132:1165 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 12 theme higher 1021:1026 arg1 efficiency 1042:1051 the higher encapsulation efficiency 1017:1051 the higher encapsulation efficiency 1017:1051 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 6 13 theme drug 1181:1184 arg1 kinetics 1194:1201 drug release kinetics 1181:1201 drug release kinetics 1181:1201 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 5 14 theme chitosan 915:922 arg1 CM 938:939 CM 938:939 CM 938:939 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 14 theme chitosan 915:922 arg1 microspheres 924:935 the pure chitosan microspheres 906:935 the pure chitosan microspheres (CM) 906:940 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 6 15 theme microspheres 1257:1268 arg1 mechanism 1240:1248 the drug release mechanism 1223:1248 the drug release mechanism of the microspheres 1223:1268 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 5 16 theme encapsulation 1028:1040 arg1 efficiency 1042:1051 the higher encapsulation efficiency 1017:1051 the higher encapsulation efficiency 1017:1051 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 4 17 theme OPAL 803:806 arg1 BS-16 812:816 BS-16 812:816 BS-16 812:816 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 17 theme OPAL 803:806 arg1 OPAL 803:806 OPAL 803:806 OPAL 803:806 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 17 theme OPAL 803:806 arg1 amount 793:798 the amount 789:798 the amount of OPAL and BS-16 789:816 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 0 18 theme chitosan/organomodified 43:65 arg1 microspheres 80:91 chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres 43:91 chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres 43:91 Preparation and drug release properties of chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres. 24769084 2 19 dep compatibility 406:418 arg1 the 402:404 the 402:404 the 402:404 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 1 20 theme novel 98:102 arg1 carrier 284:290 a drug carrier 277:290 a drug carrier 277:290 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 1 20 theme novel 98:102 arg1 microspheres 114:125 The novel composite microspheres 94:125 The novel composite microspheres 94:125 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 1 21 theme organomodified 176:189 arg1 palygorskite 191:202 organomodified palygorskite 176:202 organomodified palygorskite (OPAL) 176:209 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 3 22 theme X-ray 693:697 arg1 XRD 712:714 XRD 712:714 XRD 712:714 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 3 22 theme X-ray 693:697 arg1 diffraction 699:709 X-ray diffraction 693:709 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 693:715 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 4 23 theme BS-16 812:816 arg1 BS-16 812:816 BS-16 812:816 BS-16 812:816 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 23 theme BS-16 812:816 arg1 OPAL 803:806 OPAL 803:806 OPAL 803:806 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 23 theme BS-16 812:816 arg1 amount 793:798 the amount 789:798 the amount of OPAL and BS-16 789:816 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 1 24 theme composite 104:112 arg1 carrier 284:290 a drug carrier 277:290 a drug carrier 277:290 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 1 24 theme composite 104:112 arg1 microspheres 114:125 The novel composite microspheres 94:125 The novel composite microspheres 94:125 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 5 25 theme diclofenac 1106:1115 arg1 DS 1125:1126 DS 1125:1126 DS 1125:1126 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 25 theme diclofenac 1106:1115 arg1 sodium 1117:1122 diclofenac sodium 1106:1122 diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 1106:1165 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 26 contain possessed 1007:1015 arg1 one 957:959 the composite one 943:959 the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 943:1005 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 26 contain possessed 1007:1015 arg2 slower 1061:1066 slower 1061:1066 slower 1061:1066 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 26 contain possessed 1007:1015 arg2 efficiency 1042:1051 the higher encapsulation efficiency 1017:1051 the higher encapsulation efficiency 1017:1051 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 2 27 theme hexadecyl 365:373 arg1 BS-16 384:388 BS-16 384:388 BS-16 384:388 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 27 theme hexadecyl 365:373 arg1 betaine 375:381 hexadecyl betaine 365:381 hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) 365:389 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 6 28 theme OPAL 1356:1359 arg1 content 1361:1367 the OPAL content 1352:1367 the OPAL content in matrix 1352:1377 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 1 29 theme drug 279:282 arg1 carrier 284:290 a drug carrier 277:290 a drug carrier 277:290 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 1 29 theme drug 279:282 arg1 microspheres 114:125 The novel composite microspheres 94:125 The novel composite microspheres 94:125 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 2 30 theme drug 534:537 arg1 migration 539:547 drug migration 534:547 drug migration 534:547 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 1 31 dep chitosan 158:165 arg1 hybridization 141:153 hybridization 141:153 hybridization 141:153 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 1 31 dep chitosan 158:165 arg1 the 137:139 the 137:139 the 137:139 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 3 32 theme microspheres 571:582 arg1 structure 554:562 The structure 550:562 The structure of the microspheres 550:582 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 4 33 theme releasing 860:868 arg1 properties 825:834 the properties 821:834 the properties of the drug loading and releasing 821:868 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 5 34 dep slower 1061:1066 arg1 the 1057:1059 the 1057:1059 the 1057:1059 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 6 35 theme release 1232:1238 arg1 mechanism 1240:1248 the drug release mechanism 1223:1248 the drug release mechanism of the microspheres 1223:1268 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 1 36 dep palygorskite 191:202 arg1 OPAL 205:208 OPAL 205:208 OPAL 205:208 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 3 37 dep fourier 605:611 arg1 transform 613:621 transform 613:621 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques 613:726 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 5 38 theme cumulative 1083:1092 arg1 release 1094:1100 continuous cumulative release 1072:1100 continuous cumulative release 1072:1100 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 6 39 theme drug 1227:1230 arg1 mechanism 1240:1248 the drug release mechanism 1223:1248 the drug release mechanism of the microspheres 1223:1268 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 3 40 dep transform 613:621 arg1 infrared 623:630 infrared 623:630 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques 613:726 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 0 41 theme palygorskite 67:78 arg1 microspheres 80:91 chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres 43:91 chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres 43:91 Preparation and drug release properties of chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres. 24769084 4 42 theme drug 843:846 arg1 loading 848:854 the drug loading 839:854 the drug loading 839:854 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 5 43 theme OPAL 972:975 arg1 % 970:970 20wt% OPAL 966:975 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 966:1005 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 4 44 theme amount 793:798 arg1 behavior 742:749 The swelling behavior 729:749 The swelling behavior of the microspheres 729:769 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 44 theme amount 793:798 arg1 effect 779:784 the effect 775:784 the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing 775:868 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 2 45 with compatibility 406:418 arg1 matrix 447:452 chitosan matrix 438:452 chitosan matrix 438:452 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 46 theme clay 341:344 arg1 Palygorskite 293:304 Palygorskite 293:304 Palygorskite 293:304 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 46 theme clay 341:344 arg1 kind 309:312 a kind 307:312 a kind of natural one-dimensional clay 307:344 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 47 theme chitosan 438:445 arg1 matrix 447:452 chitosan matrix 438:452 chitosan matrix 438:452 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 3 48 theme scanning 654:661 arg1 SEM 684:686 SEM 684:686 SEM 684:686 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 3 48 theme scanning 654:661 arg1 microscopy 672:681 scanning electron microscopy 654:681 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 654:687 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 5 49 theme 20wt 966:969 arg1 % 970:970 20wt% OPAL 966:975 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 966:1005 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 2 50 theme one-dimensional 325:339 arg1 clay 341:344 natural one-dimensional clay 317:344 natural one-dimensional clay 317:344 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 4 51 from effect 779:784 arg1 properties 825:834 the properties 821:834 the properties of the drug loading and releasing 821:868 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 6 52 theme kinetics 1194:1201 arg1 study 1172:1176 The study 1168:1176 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro 1168:1210 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 3 53 theme electron 663:670 arg1 SEM 684:686 SEM 684:686 SEM 684:686 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 3 53 theme electron 663:670 arg1 microscopy 672:681 scanning electron microscopy 654:681 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 654:687 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 4 54 theme microspheres 758:769 arg1 behavior 742:749 The swelling behavior 729:749 The swelling behavior of the microspheres 729:769 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 4 54 theme microspheres 758:769 arg1 effect 779:784 the effect 775:784 the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing 775:868 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 2 55 with affinity 424:431 arg1 matrix 447:452 chitosan matrix 438:452 chitosan matrix 438:452 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 2 56 theme natural 317:323 arg1 clay 341:344 natural one-dimensional clay 317:344 natural one-dimensional clay 317:344 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 4 57 theme loading 848:854 arg1 properties 825:834 the properties 821:834 the properties of the drug loading and releasing 821:868 The swelling behavior of the microspheres and the effect of the amount of OPAL and BS-16 on the properties of the drug loading and releasing have been investigated. 24769084 5 58 theme pure 910:913 arg1 CM 938:939 CM 938:939 CM 938:939 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 5 58 theme pure 910:913 arg1 microspheres 924:935 the pure chitosan microspheres 906:935 the pure chitosan microspheres (CM) 906:940 Compared to the pure chitosan microspheres (CM), the composite one with 20wt% OPAL modified by 20mmol/100g BS-16 possessed the higher encapsulation efficiency and the slower and continuous cumulative release for diclofenac sodium (DS) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). 24769084 6 59 dep 20wt 1399:1402 arg1 to 1396:1397 to 1396:1397 to 1396:1397 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 3 60 dep spectroscopy 632:643 arg1 techniques 717:726 techniques 717:726 techniques 717:726 The structure of the microspheres was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. 24769084 2 61 theme perfect 471:477 arg1 micron-filler 479:491 a perfect micron-filler 469:491 a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration 469:547 Palygorskite, a kind of natural one-dimensional clay, was modified with hexadecyl betaine (BS-16) to improve the compatibility and affinity with chitosan matrix, and worked as a perfect micron-filler to enhance drug encapsulation and retard drug migration. 24769084 1 62 theme emulsion 229:236 arg1 technique 252:260 emulsion cross-linking technique 229:260 emulsion cross-linking technique 229:260 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 24769084 0 63 theme microspheres 80:91 arg1 properties 29:38 properties 29:38 properties of chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres 29:91 Preparation and drug release properties of chitosan/organomodified palygorskite microspheres. 24769084 6 64 theme release 1186:1192 arg1 kinetics 1194:1201 drug release kinetics 1181:1201 drug release kinetics 1181:1201 The study of drug release kinetics in vitro found that the drug release mechanism of the microspheres changed from the simple diffusion-control to diffusion and dissolution-control as the OPAL content in matrix increased from 0 to 20wt%. 24769084 1 65 theme cross-linking 238:250 arg1 technique 252:260 emulsion cross-linking technique 229:260 emulsion cross-linking technique 229:260 The novel composite microspheres, based on the hybridization of chitosan (CS) and organomodified palygorskite (OPAL), were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique and applied as a drug carrier. 28905697 7 0 theme cytochrome-c 984:995 arg1 oxidase 997:1003 cytochrome-c oxidase 984:1003 cytochrome-c oxidase 984:1003 The strain showed a positive response for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase, divided by binary fission and/or budding, and exhibited an aerobic metabolism. 28905697 2 1 theme Sandwich 355:362 arg1 System 364:369 the Diffusion Sandwich System 341:369 the Diffusion Sandwich System 341:369 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 1 theme Sandwich 355:362 arg1 device 374:379 a device 372:379 a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers 372:417 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 12 2 theme polyphasic 1610:1619 arg1 characterization 1631:1646 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1608:1646 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1608:1646 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 5 3 theme 97.0 784:787 arg1 % 810:810 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 % 784:810 % 810:810 AB331895), Luteolibacteryonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacterluojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacteralgae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. 28905697 2 4 theme Diffusion 345:353 arg1 System 364:369 the Diffusion Sandwich System 341:369 the Diffusion Sandwich System 341:369 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 4 theme Diffusion 345:353 arg1 device 374:379 a device 372:379 a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers 372:417 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 9 5 dep C16  1279:1282 arg1  1ω7c/iso-C15  1293:1306  1ω7c/iso-C15  1293:1306  1ω7c/iso-C15  1293:1306 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 9 5 dep C16  1279:1282 arg1 C16  1288:1291 C16  1288:1291 C16  1288:1291 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 8 6 theme nutritional 1166:1176 arg1 preference 1178:1187 a nutritional preference 1164:1187 a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates 1164:1236 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 11 7 theme unidentified 1524:1535 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 7 theme unidentified 1524:1535 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 7 theme unidentified 1524:1535 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 7 theme unidentified 1524:1535 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 7 8 theme positive 949:956 arg1 response 958:965 a positive response 947:965 a positive response for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase, divided by binary fission and/or budding, 947:1046 The strain showed a positive response for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase, divided by binary fission and/or budding, and exhibited an aerobic metabolism. 28905697 5 9 theme closest 745:751 arg1 relatives 753:761 the closest relatives 741:761 the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively 741:824 AB331895), Luteolibacteryonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacterluojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacteralgae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. 28905697 5 9 theme closest 745:751 arg1 AB331895 593:600 AB331895 593:600 AB331895 593:600 AB331895), Luteolibacteryonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacterluojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacteralgae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. 28905697 10 10 theme respiratory 1353:1363 arg1 MK-9 1377:1380 MK-9 1377:1380 MK-9 1377:1380 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. 28905697 10 10 theme respiratory 1353:1363 arg1 quinone 1365:1371 The predominant respiratory quinone 1337:1371 The predominant respiratory quinone 1337:1371 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 amounts 1412:1418 major amounts 1406:1418 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol 1406:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 amounts 1507:1513 minor amounts 1501:1513 minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid 1501:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 11 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 2 12 dep Sierra 273:278 arg1 Alhama 304:309 Alhama 304:309 Alhama 304:309 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 12 dep Sierra 273:278 arg1 de 280:281 Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain 273:329 Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain 273:329 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 12 dep Sierra 273:278 arg1 Almijara 291:298 Almijara 291:298 Almijara 291:298 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 11 13 theme Polar 1383:1387 arg1 lipids 1389:1394 Polar lipids 1383:1394 Polar lipids 1383:1394 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 2 14 theme chemo-organoheterotrophic 157:181 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 14 theme chemo-organoheterotrophic 157:181 arg1 CB-286403T 201:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 1 15 theme phylum 79:84 arg1 Verrucomicrobia 86:100 the phylum Verrucomicrobia 75:100 the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers 75:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 amounts 1412:1418 major amounts 1406:1418 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol 1406:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 16 theme major 1406:1410 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 3 17 theme gene 433:436 arg1 analyses 447:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 0 18 theme gellanilyticus 14:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 0:30 Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 0:31 Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 2 19 theme novel 151:155 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 19 theme novel 151:155 arg1 CB-286403T 201:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 12 20 theme gellanilyticus 1755:1768 arg1 sp 1770:1771 the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 1732:1771 the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 1732:1771 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 1 21 theme Verrucomicrobia 86:100 arg1 bacterium 62:70 a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium 39:70 a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers 39:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 1 21 theme Verrucomicrobia 86:100 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 22 attach isolated 217:224 arg2 bacterium 183:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 22 attach isolated 217:224 arg1 soil 254:257 a Mediterranean forest soil 231:257 a Mediterranean forest soil 231:257 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 22 attach isolated 217:224 arg2 CB-286403T 201:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 0 23 theme Luteolibacter 0:12 arg1 sp 29:30 Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 0:30 Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 0:31 Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 12 24 theme taxonomic 1621:1629 arg1 characterization 1631:1646 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1608:1646 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1608:1646 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 12 25 theme name 1736:1739 arg1 sp 1770:1771 the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 1732:1771 the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 1732:1771 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 6 26 theme novel 831:835 arg1 bacterium 918:926 a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium 866:926 a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium 866:926 The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28905697 6 26 theme novel 831:835 arg1 isolate 837:843 The novel isolate 827:843 The novel isolate 827:843 The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28905697 3 27 theme 16S 424:426 arg1 rRNA 428:431 16S rRNA 424:431 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 5 28 theme % 810:810 arg1 similarities 768:779 similarities 768:779 similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively 768:824 AB331895), Luteolibacteryonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacterluojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacteralgae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. 28905697 5 29 theme 94.5  805:809 arg1 % 810:810 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 % 784:810 % 810:810 AB331895), Luteolibacteryonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacterluojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacteralgae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. 28905697 7 30 theme aerobic 1065:1071 arg1 metabolism 1073:1082 an aerobic metabolism 1062:1082 an aerobic metabolism 1062:1082 The strain showed a positive response for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase, divided by binary fission and/or budding, and exhibited an aerobic metabolism. 28905697 8 31 theme complex 1211:1217 arg1 substrates 1227:1236 complex protein substrates 1211:1236 complex protein substrates 1211:1236 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 3 32 theme Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis 541:565 arg1 A4T-83T 567:573 Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T 541:573 Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T 541:573 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 amounts 1412:1418 major amounts 1406:1418 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol 1406:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 amounts 1507:1513 minor amounts 1501:1513 minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid 1501:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 33 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 14 34 theme =DSM 1823:1826 arg1 CB-286403T 1811:1820 CB-286403T 1811:1820 CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T) 1811:1845 The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T). 28905697 14 34 theme =DSM 1823:1826 arg1 8659T 1840:1844 =DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T 1823:1844 =DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T 1823:1844 The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T). 28905697 9 35 theme fatty 1245:1249 arg1 acids 1251:1255 Major fatty acids 1239:1255 Major fatty acids 1239:1255 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 1 36 theme miniaturized 116:127 arg1 chambers 139:146 miniaturized diffusion chambers 116:146 miniaturized diffusion chambers 116:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 3 37 dep GenBank 576:582 arg1 acc 584:586 acc 584:586 GenBank acc 576:586 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 3 38 theme genus 498:502 arg1 Luteolibacter 504:516 the genus Luteolibacter 494:516 the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc 494:586 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 12 39 theme novel 1680:1684 arg1 species 1686:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 3 40 theme sequence 438:445 arg1 analyses 447:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 amounts 1412:1418 major amounts 1406:1418 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol 1406:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 amounts 1507:1513 minor amounts 1501:1513 minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid 1501:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 41 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 2 42 theme diffusion 400:408 arg1 chambers 410:417 384 miniature diffusion chambers 386:417 384 miniature diffusion chambers 386:417 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 3 43 theme rRNA 428:431 arg1 analyses 447:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 420:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 1 44 attach isolated 102:109 arg2 Verrucomicrobia 86:100 the phylum Verrucomicrobia 75:100 the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers 75:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 1 44 attach isolated 102:109 arg1 chambers 139:146 miniaturized diffusion chambers 116:146 miniaturized diffusion chambers 116:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 8 45 theme protein 1219:1225 arg1 substrates 1227:1236 complex protein substrates 1211:1236 complex protein substrates 1211:1236 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 5 46 with relatives 753:761 arg1 similarities 768:779 similarities 768:779 similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively 768:824 AB331895), Luteolibacteryonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacterluojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacteralgae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. 28905697 7 47 theme binary 1017:1022 arg1 fission 1024:1030 binary fission 1017:1030 binary fission 1017:1030 The strain showed a positive response for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase, divided by binary fission and/or budding, and exhibited an aerobic metabolism. 28905697 2 48 theme miniature 390:398 arg1 chambers 410:417 384 miniature diffusion chambers 386:417 384 miniature diffusion chambers 386:417 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 8 49 theme mesophilic 1112:1121 arg1 range 1147:1151 a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range 1110:1151 a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range 1110:1151 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 2 50 theme strain 194:199 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium 149:191 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 50 theme strain 194:199 arg1 CB-286403T 201:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 strain CB-286403T 194:210 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 6 51 theme Gram-stain-negative 868:886 arg1 bacterium 918:926 a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium 866:926 a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium 866:926 The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28905697 6 51 theme Gram-stain-negative 868:886 arg1 isolate 837:843 The novel isolate 827:843 The novel isolate 827:843 The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28905697 1 52 theme diffusion 129:137 arg1 chambers 139:146 miniaturized diffusion chambers 116:146 miniaturized diffusion chambers 116:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 8 53 theme Strain 1085:1090 arg1 CB-286403T 1092:1101 Strain CB-286403T 1085:1101 Strain CB-286403T 1085:1101 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 2 54 theme Mediterranean 233:245 arg1 soil 254:257 a Mediterranean forest soil 231:257 a Mediterranean forest soil 231:257 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 2 55 theme forest 247:252 arg1 soil 254:257 a Mediterranean forest soil 231:257 a Mediterranean forest soil 231:257 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 14 56 theme 28998T=CECT 1828:1838 arg1 CB-286403T 1811:1820 CB-286403T 1811:1820 CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T) 1811:1845 The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T). 28905697 14 56 theme 28998T=CECT 1828:1838 arg1 8659T 1840:1844 =DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T 1823:1844 =DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T 1823:1844 The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T). 28905697 9 57 theme Major 1239:1243 arg1 acids 1251:1255 Major fatty acids 1239:1255 Major fatty acids 1239:1255 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 8 58 theme neutrophilic 1127:1138 arg1 range 1147:1151 a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range 1110:1151 a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range 1110:1151 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 12 59 theme strain 1649:1654 arg1 CB-286403T 1656:1665 strain CB-286403T 1649:1665 strain CB-286403T 1649:1665 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 12 60 theme genus 1701:1705 arg1 Luteolibacter 1707:1719 the genus Luteolibacter 1697:1719 the genus Luteolibacter 1697:1719 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 6 61 dep Gram-stain-negative 868:886 arg1 short-rod-shaped 901:916 short-rod-shaped 901:916 short-rod-shaped 901:916 The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28905697 6 61 dep Gram-stain-negative 868:886 arg1 non-motile 889:898 non-motile 889:898 non-motile 889:898 The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28905697 8 62 theme simple 1193:1198 arg1 sugars 1200:1205 simple sugars 1193:1205 simple sugars 1193:1205 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 10 63 theme predominant 1341:1351 arg1 MK-9 1377:1380 MK-9 1377:1380 MK-9 1377:1380 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. 28905697 10 63 theme predominant 1341:1351 arg1 quinone 1365:1371 The predominant respiratory quinone 1337:1371 The predominant respiratory quinone 1337:1371 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. 28905697 3 64 dep strains 533:539 arg1 GenBank 576:582 GenBank 576:582 GenBank 576:582 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 12 65 theme Luteolibacter 1741:1753 arg1 sp 1770:1771 the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 1732:1771 the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp 1732:1771 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 9 66 dep iso-C14  1266:1273 arg1 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 9 66 dep iso-C14  1266:1273 arg1 2-OH 1311:1314  0 2-OH 1308:1314  0 2-OH 1308:1314 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 9 66 dep iso-C14  1266:1273 arg1  0 1333:1334  0 1333:1334 iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0 1266:1334 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 9 66 dep iso-C14  1266:1273 arg1 C16  1279:1282 C16  1279:1282 C16  1279:1282 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 9 67 theme  0 1308:1309 arg1 2-OH 1311:1314  0 2-OH 1308:1314  0 2-OH 1308:1314 Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28905697 12 68 theme Luteolibacter 1707:1719 arg1 species 1686:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. 28905697 2 69 dep Almijara 291:298 arg1 Spain 325:329 Spain 325:329 Spain 325:329 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 amounts 1507:1513 minor amounts 1501:1513 minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid 1501:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 70 theme minor 1501:1505 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 8 71 theme growth 1140:1145 arg1 range 1147:1151 a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range 1110:1151 a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range 1110:1151 Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. 28905697 2 72 with device 374:379 arg1 chambers 410:417 384 miniature diffusion chambers 386:417 384 miniature diffusion chambers 386:417 A novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. 28905697 1 73 theme gellan-gum-degrading 41:60 arg1 bacterium 62:70 a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium 39:70 a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers 39:146 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 1 73 theme gellan-gum-degrading 41:60 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers. 28905697 3 74 theme Luteolibacter 504:516 arg1 isolate 471:477 the isolate 467:477 the isolate 467:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 3 74 theme Luteolibacter 504:516 arg1 member 484:489 a member 482:489 a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc 482:586 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacterpohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 lipids 1537:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 three unidentified lipids 1518:1542 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 amounts 1412:1418 major amounts 1406:1418 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol 1406:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 phospholipid 1561:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 a phospholipid 1559:1572 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 phosphatidylethanolamine 1423:1446 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1580:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 a phosphoglycolipid 1578:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 amounts 1507:1513 minor amounts 1501:1513 minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid 1501:1596 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 glycolipid 1547:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 a glycolipid 1545:1556 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 phosphatidylglycerol 1449:1468 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 11 75 theme lipids 1537:1542 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 diphosphatidylglycerol 1474:1495 Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. 28905697 14 76 theme type 1796:1799 arg1 CB-286403T 1811:1820 CB-286403T 1811:1820 CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T) 1811:1845 The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T). 28905697 14 76 theme type 1796:1799 arg1 strain 1801:1806 The type strain 1792:1806 The type strain 1792:1806 The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T). 25953516 9 0 theme resultant 1720:1728 arg1 properties 1741:1750 resultant mechanical properties 1720:1750 resultant mechanical properties 1720:1750 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 7 1 theme leaching 1165:1172 arg1 solution 1174:1181 leaching solution 1165:1181 leaching solution of modified cements 1165:1201 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 9 2 theme possible 1496:1503 arg1 interlocking 1584:1595 strong interlocking 1577:1595 strong interlocking of apatite crystals 1577:1615 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 2 theme possible 1496:1503 arg1 reinforcement 1517:1529 reinforcement 1517:1529 reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch 1517:1571 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 2 theme possible 1496:1503 arg1 mechanisms 1505:1514 Two possible mechanisms 1492:1514 Two possible mechanisms 1492:1514 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 3 theme properties 1741:1750 arg1 results 1645:1651 the results 1641:1651 the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties 1641:1750 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 3 4 theme Ca-modified 543:553 arg1 types 463:467 Four types 458:467 Four types of starches 458:479 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 4 theme Ca-modified 543:553 arg1 starch 555:560 Ca-modified starch 543:560 Ca-modified starch 543:560 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 5 from times 649:653 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 7 6 theme osteoblast 1131:1140 arg1 tests 1156:1160 osteoblast proliferation tests 1131:1160 osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements 1131:1201 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 10 7 theme injectable 1873:1882 arg1 CPC 1884:1886 injectable CPC 1873:1886 injectable CPC 1873:1886 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 1 8 theme brittleness 179:189 arg1 problems 148:155 the problems 144:155 the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 144:362 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 3 9 link crosslinked 502:512 arg1 starch 514:519 crosslinked starch 502:519 crosslinked starch 502:519 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 9 link crosslinked 502:512 arg1 types 463:467 Four types 458:467 Four types of starches 458:479 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 5 10 theme corn 855:858 arg1 starch 860:865 corn starch 855:865 corn starch 855:865 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 1 11 theme cohesion 200:207 arg1 problems 148:155 the problems 144:155 the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 144:362 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 9 12 theme strong 1577:1582 arg1 interlocking 1584:1595 strong interlocking 1577:1595 strong interlocking of apatite crystals 1577:1615 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 12 theme strong 1577:1582 arg1 mechanisms 1505:1514 Two possible mechanisms 1492:1514 Two possible mechanisms 1492:1514 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 6 13 with addition 1005:1012 arg1 contents 1050:1057 proper contents 1043:1057 proper contents 1043:1057 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 5 14 theme compressive 946:956 arg1 strength 958:965 compressive strength 946:965 compressive strength 946:965 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 10 15 from strategy 1851:1858 arg1 conclusion 1756:1765 conclusion 1756:1765 conclusion 1756:1765 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 6 16 theme proper 1043:1048 arg1 contents 1050:1057 proper contents 1043:1057 proper contents 1043:1057 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 9 17 theme starch 1566:1571 arg1 phase 1545:1549 the second phase 1534:1549 the second phase of gelatinized starch 1534:1571 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 10 18 theme incorporating 1768:1780 arg1 strategy 1851:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy 1812:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability 1812:1923 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 10 18 theme incorporating 1768:1780 arg1 starches 1794:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 1 19 dep bone 115:118 arg1 cements 120:126 cements 120:126 cements 120:126 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 20 theme invasive 334:341 arg1 surgeries 354:362 minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 324:362 minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 324:362 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 3 21 theme mechanical 603:612 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 9 22 theme crystals 1608:1615 arg1 interlocking 1584:1595 strong interlocking 1577:1595 strong interlocking of apatite crystals 1577:1615 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 22 theme crystals 1608:1615 arg1 reinforcement 1517:1529 reinforcement 1517:1529 reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch 1517:1571 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 22 theme crystals 1608:1615 arg1 mechanisms 1505:1514 Two possible mechanisms 1492:1514 Two possible mechanisms 1492:1514 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 6 23 theme starches 1029:1036 arg1 addition 1005:1012 The addition 1001:1012 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents 1001:1057 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 5 24 dep strength 958:965 arg1 the 942:944 the 942:944 the 942:944 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 7 25 theme cell 1261:1264 arg1 proliferation 1266:1278 cell proliferation 1261:1278 cell proliferation 1261:1278 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 1 26 theme low 160:162 arg1 strength 164:171 low strength 160:171 low strength 160:171 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 4 27 theme strain 785:790 arg1 density 799:805 strain energy density 785:805 strain energy density of CPC to different extents 785:833 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 10 28 theme bio-friendly 1838:1849 arg1 strategy 1851:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy 1812:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability 1812:1923 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 10 28 theme bio-friendly 1838:1849 arg1 starches 1794:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 8 29 theme reinforcing 1423:1433 arg1 effect 1435:1440 the reinforcing effect 1419:1440 the reinforcing effect of different starches 1419:1462 The mechanisms behind the reinforcing effect of different starches were preliminarily studied. 25953516 0 30 theme cement 46:51 arg1 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches. 0:76 Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches. 25953516 1 31 theme injectable 86:95 arg1 bone 115:118 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements 78:126 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) 78:132 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 31 theme injectable 86:95 arg1 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 6 32 theme CPC 1113:1115 arg1 injectability 1073:1085 injectability 1073:1085 injectability 1073:1085 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 6 32 theme CPC 1113:1115 arg1 anticollapsibility 1091:1108 anticollapsibility 1091:1108 anticollapsibility 1091:1108 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 7 33 dep modified 1186:1193 arg1 cements 1195:1201 cements 1195:1201 cements 1195:1201 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 1 34 theme clinical 260:267 arg1 applications 269:280 their clinical applications 254:280 their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 254:362 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 5 35 from increases 929:937 arg1 modulus 971:977 modulus 971:977 modulus 971:977 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 5 35 from increases 929:937 arg1 strength 958:965 compressive strength 946:965 compressive strength 946:965 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 1 36 theme phosphate 105:113 arg1 bone 115:118 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements 78:126 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) 78:132 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 36 theme phosphate 105:113 arg1 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 8 37 theme starches 1455:1462 arg1 effect 1435:1440 the reinforcing effect 1419:1440 the reinforcing effect of different starches 1419:1462 The mechanisms behind the reinforcing effect of different starches were preliminarily studied. 25953516 3 38 theme starches 472:479 arg1 starch 494:499 corn starch 489:499 corn starch 489:499 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 38 theme starches 472:479 arg1 starch 514:519 crosslinked starch 502:519 crosslinked starch 502:519 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 38 theme starches 472:479 arg1 starch 531:536 cationic starch 522:536 cationic starch 522:536 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 38 theme starches 472:479 arg1 starch 555:560 Ca-modified starch 543:560 Ca-modified starch 543:560 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 38 theme starches 472:479 arg1 types 463:467 Four types 458:467 Four types of starches 458:479 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 0 39 theme injectable 17:26 arg1 cement 46:51 injectable calcium phosphate cement 17:51 injectable calcium phosphate cement 17:51 Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches. 25953516 9 40 theme zeta 1663:1666 arg1 potential 1668:1676 starch zeta potential 1656:1676 starch zeta potential 1656:1676 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 7 41 theme phosphate-buffered 1360:1377 arg1 control 1388:1394 phosphate-buffered solution control 1360:1394 phosphate-buffered solution control 1360:1394 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 0 42 theme phosphate 36:44 arg1 cement 46:51 injectable calcium phosphate cement 17:51 injectable calcium phosphate cement 17:51 Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches. 25953516 1 43 theme bone 302:305 arg1 substitution 307:318 loading-bearing bone substitution 286:318 loading-bearing bone substitution 286:318 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 7 44 from tests 1156:1160 arg1 solution 1174:1181 leaching solution 1165:1181 leaching solution of modified cements 1165:1201 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 7 45 contain had 1236:1238 arg2 effect 1251:1256 no adverse effect 1240:1256 no adverse effect 1240:1256 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 7 45 contain had 1236:1238 arg1 starches 1227:1234 gelatinized starches 1215:1234 gelatinized starches 1215:1234 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 7 46 theme osteoblast 1323:1332 arg1 proliferation 1334:1346 better osteoblast proliferation 1316:1346 better osteoblast proliferation 1316:1346 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 4 47 theme CPC 810:812 arg1 density 799:805 strain energy density 785:805 strain energy density of CPC to different extents 785:833 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 4 47 theme CPC 810:812 arg1 modulus 766:772 modulus 766:772 modulus 766:772 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 4 47 theme CPC 810:812 arg1 strength 753:760 compressive strength 741:760 compressive strength 741:760 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 10 48 theme effective 1815:1823 arg1 strategy 1851:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy 1812:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability 1812:1923 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 10 48 theme effective 1815:1823 arg1 starches 1794:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 9 49 theme microstructure 1700:1713 arg1 results 1645:1651 the results 1641:1651 the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties 1641:1750 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 4 50 theme different 817:825 arg1 extents 827:833 different extents 817:833 different extents 817:833 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 10 51 theme facile 1826:1831 arg1 strategy 1851:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy 1812:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability 1812:1923 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 10 51 theme facile 1826:1831 arg1 starches 1794:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 3 52 theme crosslinked 502:512 arg1 starch 514:519 crosslinked starch 502:519 crosslinked starch 502:519 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 52 theme crosslinked 502:512 arg1 types 463:467 Four types 458:467 Four types of starches 458:479 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 9 53 theme mechanical 1730:1739 arg1 properties 1741:1750 resultant mechanical properties 1720:1750 resultant mechanical properties 1720:1750 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 54 theme second 1538:1543 arg1 phase 1545:1549 the second phase 1534:1549 the second phase of gelatinized starch 1534:1571 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 3 55 from injectability 626:638 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 7 56 theme proliferation 1142:1154 arg1 tests 1156:1160 osteoblast proliferation tests 1131:1160 osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements 1131:1201 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 1 57 theme strength 164:171 arg1 problems 148:155 the problems 144:155 the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 144:362 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 58 theme high 174:177 arg1 brittleness 179:189 high brittleness 174:189 high brittleness 174:189 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 5 59 theme twofold 921:927 arg1 increases 929:937 sixfold and more than twofold increases 899:937 sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC 899:984 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 3 60 from cytocompatibility 680:696 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 10 61 theme mechanical 1904:1913 arg1 stability 1915:1923 its mechanical stability 1900:1923 its mechanical stability 1900:1923 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 5 62 theme sixfold 899:905 arg1 increases 929:937 sixfold and more than twofold increases 899:937 sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC 899:984 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 1 63 theme low 196:198 arg1 cohesion 200:207 low cohesion 196:207 low cohesion 196:207 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 5 64 theme CPC 982:984 arg1 modulus 971:977 modulus 971:977 modulus 971:977 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 5 64 theme CPC 982:984 arg1 strength 958:965 compressive strength 946:965 compressive strength 946:965 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 4 65 theme compressive 741:751 arg1 strength 753:760 compressive strength 741:760 compressive strength 741:760 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 3 66 theme CPC 599:601 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 9 67 theme apatite 1600:1606 arg1 crystals 1608:1615 apatite crystals 1600:1615 apatite crystals 1600:1615 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 1 68 theme orthopedic 343:352 arg1 surgeries 354:362 minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 324:362 minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries 324:362 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 6 69 theme gelatinized 1017:1027 arg1 starches 1029:1036 gelatinized starches 1017:1036 gelatinized starches 1017:1036 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 4 70 theme Gelatinized 699:709 arg1 starch 711:716 Gelatinized starch 699:716 Gelatinized starch 699:716 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 7 71 theme adverse 1243:1249 arg1 effect 1251:1256 no adverse effect 1240:1256 no adverse effect 1240:1256 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 7 72 dep resulted 1304:1311 arg1 compared 1348:1355 compared 1348:1355 compared to phosphate-buffered solution control 1348:1394 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 10 73 theme gelatinized 1782:1792 arg1 strategy 1851:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy 1812:1858 an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability 1812:1923 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 10 73 theme gelatinized 1782:1792 arg1 starches 1794:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 incorporating gelatinized starches 1768:1801 In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio-friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. 25953516 1 74 from problems 148:155 arg1 environment 220:230 aqueous environment 212:230 aqueous environment 212:230 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 75 theme Current 78:84 arg1 bone 115:118 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements 78:126 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) 78:132 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 75 theme Current 78:84 arg1 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 4 76 theme energy 792:797 arg1 density 799:805 strain energy density 785:805 strain energy density of CPC to different extents 785:833 Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. 25953516 2 77 theme gelatinized 391:401 arg1 starches 403:410 gelatinized starches 391:410 gelatinized starches 391:410 Here, a strategy of using gelatinized starches to reinforce injectable CPC was investigated. 25953516 7 78 theme gelatinized 1215:1225 arg1 starches 1227:1234 gelatinized starches 1215:1234 gelatinized starches 1215:1234 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 1 79 theme calcium 97:103 arg1 bone 115:118 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements 78:126 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) 78:132 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 1 79 theme calcium 97:103 arg1 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 CPC 129:131 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 7 80 theme solution 1379:1386 arg1 control 1388:1394 phosphate-buffered solution control 1360:1394 phosphate-buffered solution control 1360:1394 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 5 81 dep twofold 921:927 arg1 than 916:919 than 916:919 than 916:919 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 5 81 dep twofold 921:927 arg1 more 911:914 more 911:914 more 911:914 Specifically, both corn starch and Ca-modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. 25953516 0 82 theme calcium 28:34 arg1 cement 46:51 injectable calcium phosphate cement 17:51 injectable calcium phosphate cement 17:51 Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches. 25953516 9 83 theme starch 1656:1661 arg1 potential 1668:1676 starch zeta potential 1656:1676 starch zeta potential 1656:1676 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 3 84 theme setting 641:647 arg1 times 649:653 setting times 641:653 setting times 641:653 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 8 85 theme different 1445:1453 arg1 starches 1455:1462 different starches 1445:1462 different starches 1445:1462 The mechanisms behind the reinforcing effect of different starches were preliminarily studied. 25953516 3 86 from influence 586:594 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 2 87 theme injectable 425:434 arg1 CPC 436:438 injectable CPC 425:438 injectable CPC 425:438 Here, a strategy of using gelatinized starches to reinforce injectable CPC was investigated. 25953516 7 88 theme modified 1186:1193 arg1 solution 1174:1181 leaching solution 1165:1181 leaching solution of modified cements 1165:1201 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 1 89 theme loading-bearing 286:300 arg1 substitution 307:318 loading-bearing bone substitution 286:318 loading-bearing bone substitution 286:318 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 9 90 theme gelatinized 1554:1564 arg1 starch 1566:1571 gelatinized starch 1554:1571 gelatinized starch 1554:1571 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 9 91 theme potential 1668:1676 arg1 results 1645:1651 the results 1641:1651 the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties 1641:1750 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 0 92 theme gelatinized 56:66 arg1 starches 68:75 gelatinized starches 56:75 gelatinized starches 56:75 Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches. 25953516 9 93 theme viscosity 1682:1690 arg1 results 1645:1651 the results 1641:1651 the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties 1641:1750 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 7 94 theme better 1316:1321 arg1 proliferation 1334:1346 better osteoblast proliferation 1316:1346 better osteoblast proliferation 1316:1346 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 9 95 theme cement 1693:1698 arg1 microstructure 1700:1713 cement microstructure 1693:1713 cement microstructure 1693:1713 Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. 25953516 6 96 dep injectability 1073:1085 arg1 the 1069:1071 the 1069:1071 the 1069:1071 The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. 25953516 3 97 theme corn 489:492 arg1 starch 494:499 corn starch 489:499 corn starch 489:499 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 97 theme corn 489:492 arg1 types 463:467 Four types 458:467 Four types of starches 458:479 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 1 98 theme aqueous 212:218 arg1 environment 220:230 aqueous environment 212:230 aqueous environment 212:230 Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. 25953516 8 99 dep mechanisms 1401:1410 arg1 behind 1412:1417 behind 1412:1417 behind the reinforcing effect of different starches 1412:1462 The mechanisms behind the reinforcing effect of different starches were preliminarily studied. 25953516 7 100 theme cement 1289:1294 arg1 samples 1296:1302 all cement samples 1285:1302 all cement samples 1285:1302 In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate-buffered solution control. 25953516 3 101 from anticollapsibility 656:673 arg1 properties 614:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 CPC mechanical properties 599:623 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 102 theme cationic 522:529 arg1 starch 531:536 cationic starch 522:536 cationic starch 522:536 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 25953516 3 102 theme cationic 522:529 arg1 types 463:467 Four types 458:467 Four types of starches 458:479 Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. 24079341 4 0 theme functional 578:587 arg1 role 589:592 the functional role 574:592 the functional role 574:592 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 3 1 theme third 339:343 arg1 oligosaccharides 317:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 1 theme third 339:343 arg1 component 359:367 the third most abundant component 335:367 the third most abundant component of breast milk 335:382 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 1 2 theme growing 164:170 arg1 infants 172:178 growing infants 164:178 growing infants 164:178 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 3 3 theme breast 372:377 arg1 milk 379:382 breast milk 372:382 breast milk 372:382 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 4 theme milk 379:382 arg1 oligosaccharides 317:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 4 theme milk 379:382 arg1 component 359:367 the third most abundant component 335:367 the third most abundant component of breast milk 335:382 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 1 5 theme Breast 67:72 arg1 milk 74:77 Breast milk 67:77 Breast milk 67:77 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 1 5 theme Breast 67:72 arg1 fluid 92:96 a complex fluid 82:96 a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants 82:178 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 5 6 theme milk 735:738 arg1 composition 740:750 breast milk composition 728:750 breast milk composition 728:750 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 2 7 theme new 289:291 arg1 environment 293:303 the new environment 285:303 the new environment 285:303 In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. 24079341 1 8 theme infants 172:178 arg1 requirements 148:159 the nutritional requirements 132:159 the nutritional requirements of growing infants 132:178 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 5 9 theme composition 740:750 arg1 characterisation 708:723 a rapid characterisation 700:723 a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition 700:750 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 5 10 theme better 769:774 arg1 understanding 776:788 a better understanding 767:788 a better understanding of its nutritional properties 767:818 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 0 11 theme human 10:14 arg1 composition 28:38 human breast milk composition 10:38 human breast milk composition 10:38 Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics. 24079341 5 12 theme properties 809:818 arg1 understanding 776:788 a better understanding 767:788 a better understanding of its nutritional properties 767:818 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 4 13 theme bioactive 553:561 arg1 compounds 563:571 other bioactive compounds 547:571 other bioactive compounds 547:571 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 1 14 theme complex 84:90 arg1 milk 74:77 Breast milk 67:77 Breast milk 67:77 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 1 14 theme complex 84:90 arg1 fluid 92:96 a complex fluid 82:96 a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants 82:178 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 0 15 theme milk 23:26 arg1 composition 28:38 human breast milk composition 10:38 human breast milk composition 10:38 Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics. 24079341 4 16 theme other 547:551 arg1 compounds 563:571 other bioactive compounds 547:571 other bioactive compounds 547:571 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 0 17 theme breast 16:21 arg1 composition 28:38 human breast milk composition 10:38 human breast milk composition 10:38 Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics. 24079341 4 18 contain contains 526:533 arg1 milk 516:519 Human milk 510:519 Human milk 510:519 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 4 18 contain contains 526:533 arg2 number 537:542 a number 535:542 a number 535:542 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 3 19 theme physiological 471:483 arg1 processes 485:493 physiological processes 471:493 physiological processes of the infant 471:507 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 20 theme microbiota 414:423 arg1 composition 425:435 the microbiota composition 410:435 the microbiota composition 410:435 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 4 21 theme compounds 563:571 arg1 number 537:542 a number 535:542 a number 535:542 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 5 22 theme rapid 702:706 arg1 characterisation 708:723 a rapid characterisation 700:723 a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition 700:750 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 2 23 from agents 275:280 arg1 environment 293:303 the new environment 285:303 the new environment 285:303 In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. 24079341 3 24 theme wide 457:460 arg1 range 462:466 a wide range 455:466 a wide range of physiological processes of the infant 455:507 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 5 25 theme NMR-based 658:666 arg1 profiling 678:686 NMR-based metabolic profiling 658:686 NMR-based metabolic profiling 658:686 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 0 26 theme NMR-based 43:51 arg1 metabolomics 53:64 NMR-based metabolomics 43:64 NMR-based metabolomics 43:64 Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics. 24079341 5 27 theme metabolic 668:676 arg1 profiling 678:686 NMR-based metabolic profiling 658:686 NMR-based metabolic profiling 658:686 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 2 28 theme immunological 215:227 arg1 components 229:238 milk biochemical and immunological components 194:238 milk biochemical and immunological components 194:238 In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. 24079341 3 29 theme infant 502:507 arg1 processes 485:493 physiological processes 471:493 physiological processes of the infant 471:507 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 4 30 theme number 537:542 arg1 role 589:592 the functional role 574:592 the functional role 574:592 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 3 31 theme Human 306:310 arg1 oligosaccharides 317:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 31 theme Human 306:310 arg1 component 359:367 the third most abundant component 335:367 the third most abundant component of breast milk 335:382 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 2 32 theme biochemical 199:209 arg1 components 229:238 milk biochemical and immunological components 194:238 milk biochemical and immunological components 194:238 In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. 24079341 3 33 theme processes 485:493 arg1 range 462:466 a wide range 455:466 a wide range of physiological processes of the infant 455:507 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 34 theme milk 312:315 arg1 oligosaccharides 317:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 34 theme milk 312:315 arg1 component 359:367 the third most abundant component 335:367 the third most abundant component of breast milk 335:382 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 2 35 theme milk 194:197 arg1 components 229:238 milk biochemical and immunological components 194:238 milk biochemical and immunological components 194:238 In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. 24079341 2 36 theme infective 265:273 arg1 agents 275:280 infective agents 265:280 infective agents in the new environment 265:303 In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. 24079341 1 37 theme nutritional 136:146 arg1 requirements 148:159 the nutritional requirements 132:159 the nutritional requirements of growing infants 132:178 Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. 24079341 3 38 theme abundant 350:357 arg1 oligosaccharides 317:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides 306:332 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 3 38 theme abundant 350:357 arg1 component 359:367 the third most abundant component 335:367 the third most abundant component of breast milk 335:382 Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. 24079341 4 39 theme Human 510:514 arg1 milk 516:519 Human milk 510:519 Human milk 510:519 Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. 24079341 5 40 theme nutritional 797:807 arg1 properties 809:818 its nutritional properties 793:818 its nutritional properties 793:818 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 24079341 5 41 theme breast 728:733 arg1 composition 740:750 breast milk composition 728:750 breast milk composition 728:750 In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties. 27123875 2 0 theme microbes 844:851 arg1 roles 826:830 the functional roles 811:830 the functional roles of involved microbes 811:851 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 5 1 theme functional 1852:1861 arg1 roles 1863:1867 functional roles 1852:1867 functional roles of significantly enriched microbes 1852:1902 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 2 2 theme rRNA 616:619 arg1 sequencing 626:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 4 3 theme Acetotrophic 1399:1410 arg1 methanogens 1412:1422 Acetotrophic methanogens 1399:1422 Acetotrophic methanogens 1399:1422 Acetotrophic methanogens were mainly enriched in the slurries, while hydrogenotrophic methanogens could be both in the slurries and on the surface. 27123875 3 4 theme methanogenic 1243:1254 arg1 degradation 1256:1266 methanogenic degradation 1243:1266 methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively 1243:1396 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 6 5 theme chitin 2038:2043 arg1 nitrogen 2004:2011 nitrogen 2004:2011 nitrogen 2004:2011 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 6 5 theme chitin 2038:2043 arg1 carbon 1993:1998 carbon 1993:1998 carbon 1993:1998 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 3 6 theme chitin 1290:1295 arg1 degradation 1256:1266 methanogenic degradation 1243:1266 methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively 1243:1396 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 2 7 theme communities 746:756 arg1 access 649:654 access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) 649:722 access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities 649:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 6 8 theme cellulose 2024:2032 arg1 nitrogen 2004:2011 nitrogen 2004:2011 nitrogen 2004:2011 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 6 8 theme cellulose 2024:2032 arg1 carbon 1993:1998 carbon 1993:1998 carbon 1993:1998 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 2 9 dep access 649:654 arg1 localization 676:687 localization 676:687 localization 676:687 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 9 dep access 649:654 arg1 composition 660:670 composition 660:670 composition 660:670 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 3 10 theme methanogens 1373:1383 arg1 roles 1309:1313 the roles 1305:1313 the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively 1305:1396 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 5 11 dep composition 1563:1573 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1547:1557 CONCLUSIONS 1547:1557 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures 1547:1698 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 5 11 dep composition 1563:1573 arg1 The 1559:1561 The 1559:1561 The 1559:1561 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 3 12 theme fermenters 1358:1367 arg1 roles 1309:1313 the roles 1305:1313 the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively 1305:1396 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 5 13 theme 16S 1738:1740 arg1 sequencing 1752:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 1722:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods 1722:1769 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 1 14 theme Qinghai-Tibetan 244:258 arg1 soils 276:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 244:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 244:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 2 15 theme high-throughput 596:610 arg1 sequencing 626:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 16 from composition 660:670 arg1 surface 715:721 the surface 711:721 the surface 711:721 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 16 from composition 660:670 arg1 slurry 697:702 the slurry 693:702 the slurry 693:702 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 5 17 theme gene 1747:1750 arg1 sequencing 1752:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 1722:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods 1722:1769 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 4 18 theme hydrogenotrophic 1468:1483 arg1 methanogens 1485:1495 hydrogenotrophic methanogens 1468:1495 hydrogenotrophic methanogens 1468:1495 Acetotrophic methanogens were mainly enriched in the slurries, while hydrogenotrophic methanogens could be both in the slurries and on the surface. 27123875 0 19 theme Plateau 175:181 arg1 soils 191:195 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 159:195 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 159:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 6 20 theme fundamental 2079:2089 arg1 information 2091:2101 fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures 2079:2189 fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures 2079:2189 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 2 21 from localization 676:687 arg1 surface 715:721 the surface 711:721 the surface 711:721 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 21 from localization 676:687 arg1 slurry 697:702 the slurry 693:702 the slurry 693:702 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 22 theme enriched 727:734 arg1 communities 746:756 enriched microbial communities 727:756 enriched microbial communities 727:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 0 23 theme microbial 70:78 arg1 communities 80:90 low-temperature-adapted microbial communities 46:90 low-temperature-adapted microbial communities 46:90 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 1 24 theme chitinous 354:362 arg1 biomass 364:370 chitinous biomass 354:370 chitinous biomass 354:370 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 1 25 contain have 287:290 arg1 soils 276:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 244:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 244:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 1 25 contain have 287:290 arg2 potential 296:304 the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 292:398 the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 292:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 3 26 theme microbial 885:893 arg1 communities 895:905 microbial communities 885:905 microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands 885:943 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 6 27 from wetlands 2058:2065 arg1 understanding 1976:1988 the understanding 1972:1988 the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands 1972:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 6 28 theme cold-area 2048:2056 arg1 wetlands 2058:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 6 29 from understanding 1976:1988 arg1 wetlands 2058:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 5 30 theme microbial 1595:1603 arg1 communities 1605:1615 microbial communities 1595:1615 microbial communities 1595:1615 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 6 31 theme biomass 2156:2162 arg1 wastes 2164:2169 biomass wastes 2156:2169 biomass wastes 2156:2169 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 0 32 theme methanogenic 104:115 arg1 degradations 117:128 methanogenic degradations 104:128 methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 104:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 3 33 theme Plateau 928:934 arg1 wetlands 936:943 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands 912:943 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands 912:943 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 2 34 theme Qinghai-Tibetan 465:479 arg1 Plateau 481:487 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 465:487 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 465:487 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 6 35 from carbon 1993:1998 arg1 wetlands 2058:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 5 36 theme pure 1819:1822 arg1 culture 1824:1830 the microbial pure culture 1805:1830 the microbial pure culture 1805:1830 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 6 37 from nitrogen 2004:2011 arg1 wetlands 2058:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 cold-area wetlands 2048:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 6 38 theme microbial 2113:2121 arg1 resources 2123:2131 microbial resources 2113:2131 microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes 2113:2169 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 5 39 from literatures 1790:1800 arg1 culture 1824:1830 the microbial pure culture 1805:1830 the microbial pure culture 1805:1830 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 1 40 theme cellulosic 339:348 arg1 utilization 324:334 the utilization 320:334 the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass 320:370 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 2 41 dep METHODS 401:407 arg1 used 641:644 used 641:644 was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities 637:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 41 dep METHODS 401:407 arg1 supplemented 494:505 supplemented 494:505 supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes 494:549 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 41 dep METHODS 401:407 arg1 incubated 570:578 incubated 570:578 anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C 556:593 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 1 42 theme Plateau 260:266 arg1 soils 276:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 244:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 244:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 2 43 dep composition 660:670 arg1 the 656:658 the 656:658 the 656:658 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 3 44 from temperatures 1029:1040 arg1 methane 1014:1020 methane 1014:1020 methane at low temperatures 1014:1040 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 2 45 theme gene 621:624 arg1 sequencing 626:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 2 46 theme involved 835:842 arg1 microbes 844:851 involved microbes 835:851 involved microbes 835:851 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 0 47 from soils 191:195 arg1 degradations 117:128 methanogenic degradations 104:128 methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 104:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 2 48 theme 16S 612:614 arg1 sequencing 626:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 3 49 theme low 1025:1027 arg1 temperatures 1029:1040 low temperatures 1025:1040 low temperatures 1025:1040 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 6 50 dep carbon 1993:1998 arg1 cycling 2013:2019 cycling 2013:2019 cycling 2013:2019 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 2 51 theme hypothetical 761:772 arg1 model 774:778 a hypothetical model 759:778 a hypothetical model 759:778 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 5 52 theme low 1683:1685 arg1 temperatures 1687:1698 low temperatures 1683:1698 low temperatures 1683:1698 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 3 53 theme Clostridium 1060:1070 arg1 XIVa 1072:1075 Clostridium XIVa 1060:1075 Clostridium XIVa 1060:1075 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 3 54 theme secondary 1348:1356 arg1 fermenters 1358:1367 hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters 1318:1367 hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters 1318:1367 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 5 55 theme sequencing 1752:1761 arg1 methods 1763:1769 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods 1722:1769 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods 1722:1769 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 5 56 theme microbes 1895:1902 arg1 roles 1863:1867 functional roles 1852:1867 functional roles of significantly enriched microbes 1852:1902 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 3 57 theme saccharolytic 1330:1342 arg1 fermenters 1358:1367 hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters 1318:1367 hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters 1318:1367 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 2 58 used used 641:644 arg2 sequencing 626:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 596:635 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 0 59 theme chitin 147:152 arg1 degradations 117:128 methanogenic degradations 104:128 methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 104:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 1 60 theme microbial 217:225 arg1 communities 227:237 the microbial communities 213:237 the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 213:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 6 61 theme nitrogen 2004:2011 arg1 understanding 1976:1988 the understanding 1972:1988 the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands 1972:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 5 62 theme high-throughput 1722:1736 arg1 sequencing 1752:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 1722:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods 1722:1769 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 0 63 theme Qinghai-Tibetan 159:173 arg1 soils 191:195 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 159:195 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 159:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 3 64 theme hydrolytic 1318:1327 arg1 fermenters 1358:1367 hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters 1318:1367 hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters 1318:1367 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 3 65 theme cellulose 1276:1284 arg1 degradation 1256:1266 methanogenic degradation 1243:1266 methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively 1243:1396 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 6 66 theme carbon 1993:1998 arg1 understanding 1976:1988 the understanding 1972:1988 the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands 1972:2065 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 5 67 theme rRNA 1742:1745 arg1 sequencing 1752:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 1722:1761 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods 1722:1769 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 0 68 theme wetland 183:189 arg1 soils 191:195 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 159:195 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 159:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 2 69 theme microbial 736:744 arg1 communities 746:756 enriched microbial communities 727:756 enriched microbial communities 727:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 0 70 theme communities 80:90 arg1 function 34:41 function 34:41 function 34:41 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 0 70 theme communities 80:90 arg1 localization 17:28 localization 17:28 localization 17:28 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 0 70 theme communities 80:90 arg1 composition 4:14 composition 4:14 composition 4:14 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 2 71 theme cellulose 523:531 arg1 flakes 544:549 cellulose and chitin flakes 523:549 cellulose and chitin flakes 523:549 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 3 72 from wetlands 936:943 arg1 communities 895:905 microbial communities 885:905 microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands 885:943 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 1 73 theme biomass 364:370 arg1 utilization 324:334 the utilization 320:334 the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass 320:370 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 1 74 theme low 375:377 arg1 ≤25°C 393:397 ≤25°C 393:397 ≤25°C 393:397 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 1 74 theme low 375:377 arg1 temperatures 379:390 low temperatures 375:390 low temperatures (≤25°C) 375:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 5 75 theme communities 1605:1615 arg1 composition 1563:1573 composition 1563:1573 composition 1563:1573 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 5 75 theme communities 1605:1615 arg1 localization 1579:1590 localization 1579:1590 localization 1579:1590 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 0 76 theme cellulose 133:141 arg1 degradations 117:128 methanogenic degradations 104:128 methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 104:195 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 2 77 theme chitin 537:542 arg1 flakes 544:549 cellulose and chitin flakes 523:549 cellulose and chitin flakes 523:549 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 5 78 theme microbial 1809:1817 arg1 culture 1824:1830 the microbial pure culture 1805:1830 the microbial pure culture 1805:1830 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 3 79 theme Qinghai-Tibetan 912:926 arg1 wetlands 936:943 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands 912:943 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands 912:943 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 6 80 theme STUDY 1936:1940 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1905:1916 SIGNIFICANCE 1905:1916 SIGNIFICANCE 1905:1916 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 6 80 theme STUDY 1936:1940 arg1 IMPACT 1922:1927 IMPACT 1922:1927 IMPACT 1922:1927 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 1 81 from soils 276:280 arg1 communities 227:237 the microbial communities 213:237 the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 213:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 3 82 theme significant 952:962 arg1 potential 964:972 significant potential 952:972 significant potential 952:972 Overall, microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetlands showed significant potential to convert both cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures; Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVa, Paludibacter, Parcubacteria, Saccharofermentans, Pelotomaculum, Methanosaeta, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula, Methanospirillum and Methanosarcina participated in methanogenic degradation of both cellulose and chitin through the roles of hydrolytic, saccharolytic and secondary fermenters and methanogens respectively. 27123875 2 83 theme Soil 421:424 arg1 samples 426:432 Soil samples 421:432 Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 421:487 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 0 84 theme low-temperature-adapted 46:68 arg1 communities 80:90 low-temperature-adapted microbial communities 46:90 low-temperature-adapted microbial communities 46:90 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 6 85 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1905:1916 arg1 study 1947:1951 This study 1942:1951 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study 1905:1951 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 2 86 theme functional 815:824 arg1 roles 826:830 the functional roles 811:830 the functional roles of involved microbes 811:851 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 6 87 theme low 2174:2176 arg1 temperatures 2178:2189 low temperatures 2174:2189 low temperatures 2174:2189 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 27123875 5 88 theme enriched 1886:1893 arg1 microbes 1895:1902 significantly enriched microbes 1872:1902 significantly enriched microbes 1872:1902 CONCLUSIONS The composition and localization of microbial communities that could effectively convert cellulose and chitin to methane at low temperatures have been revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and reviewing the literatures on the microbial pure culture helped to elucidate functional roles of significantly enriched microbes. 27123875 1 89 theme wetland 268:274 arg1 soils 276:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils 244:280 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C) 244:398 AIMS To reveal the microbial communities from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils that have the potential to be used in the utilization of cellulosic and chitinous biomass at low temperatures (≤25°C). 27123875 0 90 dep composition 4:14 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The composition, localization and function of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities involved in methanogenic degradations of cellulose and chitin from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soils. 27123875 2 91 theme genus 863:867 arg1 level 869:873 genus level 863:873 genus level 863:873 METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples collected from six wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were supplemented with or without cellulose and chitin flakes, and anaerobically incubated at 25 and 15°C; high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the composition and localization (in the slurry and on the surface) of enriched microbial communities; a hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the functional roles of involved microbes mainly at genus level. 27123875 6 92 theme wastes 2164:2169 arg1 utilization 2141:2151 the utilization 2137:2151 the utilization of biomass wastes 2137:2169 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study will contribute to the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling of cellulose and chitin in cold-area wetlands and provide fundamental information to obtain microbial resources for the utilization of biomass wastes at low temperatures. 29433235 1 0 with amylose 139:145 arg1 material 197:204 an amphiphilic material 182:204 an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 182:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 7 1 theme β-carotene 1146:1155 arg1 molecules 1157:1165 β-carotene molecules 1146:1165 β-carotene molecules 1146:1165 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 3 2 theme HLB 536:538 arg1 values 540:545 HLB values 536:545 HLB values 536:545 Surfactants of different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were selected to cover a broad range of HLB values. 29433235 1 3 theme encapsulation 222:234 arg1 technology 245:254 an effective encapsulation platform technology 209:254 an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 209:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 5 4 theme inclusion 820:828 arg1 complexation 830:841 inclusion complexation 820:841 inclusion complexation 820:841 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene was dependent on the HLB value of the surfactants, instead of their ability to induce inclusion complexation. 29433235 6 5 theme thermal 994:1000 arg1 properties 1002:1011 structural and thermal properties 979:1011 structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex 979:1044 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 7 6 theme separated 1194:1202 arg1 phase 1204:1208 a separated phase 1192:1208 a separated phase 1192:1208 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 6 7 theme amylose-surfactant 885:902 arg1 formation 922:930 amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation 885:930 amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation 885:930 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 2 8 theme amylose-surfactant 340:357 arg1 complexes 414:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 1 9 theme platform 236:243 arg1 technology 245:254 an effective encapsulation platform technology 209:254 an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 209:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 2 10 from encapsulation 309:321 arg1 complexes 414:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 4 11 theme differential 632:643 arg1 calorimetry 654:664 differential scanning calorimetry 632:664 differential scanning calorimetry 632:664 The formation of the inclusion complexes was characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. 29433235 8 12 theme physical 1495:1502 arg1 mixtures 1504:1511 physical mixtures 1495:1511 physical mixtures of the three components 1495:1535 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 6 13 theme structural 979:988 arg1 properties 1002:1011 structural and thermal properties 979:1011 structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex 979:1044 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 6 14 theme inclusion 1028:1036 arg1 complex 1038:1044 starch-AscP inclusion complex 1016:1044 starch-AscP inclusion complex 1016:1044 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 8 15 theme inclusion 1453:1461 arg1 complexes 1463:1471 starch-AscP inclusion complexes 1441:1471 starch-AscP inclusion complexes 1441:1471 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 8 16 theme β-carotene 1397:1406 arg1 stability 1384:1392 the stability 1380:1392 the stability of β-carotene 1380:1406 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 2 17 theme inclusion 404:412 arg1 complexes 414:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 1 18 theme starch 151:156 arg1 complex 169:175 amylose (or starch) inclusion complex 139:175 complex 169:175 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 7 19 theme inclusion 1306:1314 arg1 complexes 1316:1324 the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes 1273:1324 the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes 1273:1324 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 8 20 from period 1344:1349 arg1 30°C 1374:1377 30°C 1374:1377 30°C 1374:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 8 20 from period 1344:1349 arg1 20 1367:1368 20 1367:1368 20 1367:1368 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 5 21 theme amylose-surfactant 682:699 arg1 system 701:706 amylose-surfactant system 682:706 amylose-surfactant system 682:706 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene was dependent on the HLB value of the surfactants, instead of their ability to induce inclusion complexation. 29433235 1 22 theme present 85:91 arg1 study 93:97 the present study 81:97 the present study 81:97 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 2 23 theme AscP 398:401 arg1 complexes 414:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 6 24 theme β-carotene 1065:1074 arg1 presence 1053:1060 the presence 1049:1060 the presence of β-carotene 1049:1074 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 5 25 theme system 701:706 arg1 ability 671:677 The ability 667:677 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene 667:732 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene was dependent on the HLB value of the surfactants, instead of their ability to induce inclusion complexation. 29433235 5 25 theme system 701:706 arg1 dependent 738:746 dependent 738:746 dependent 738:746 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene was dependent on the HLB value of the surfactants, instead of their ability to induce inclusion complexation. 29433235 1 26 theme inclusion 159:167 arg1 complex 169:175 amylose (or starch) inclusion complex 139:175 complex 169:175 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 7 27 theme polycrystalline 1277:1291 arg1 complexes 1316:1324 the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes 1273:1324 the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes 1273:1324 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 4 28 theme complexes 579:587 arg1 formation 552:560 The formation 548:560 The formation of the inclusion complexes 548:587 The formation of the inclusion complexes was characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. 29433235 8 29 from encapsulation 1424:1436 arg1 complexes 1463:1471 starch-AscP inclusion complexes 1441:1471 starch-AscP inclusion complexes 1441:1471 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 8 30 theme starch-AscP 1441:1451 arg1 complexes 1463:1471 starch-AscP inclusion complexes 1441:1471 starch-AscP inclusion complexes 1441:1471 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 7 31 theme amylose-AscP 1293:1304 arg1 complexes 1316:1324 the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes 1273:1324 the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes 1273:1324 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 3 32 theme values 540:545 arg1 range 527:531 a broad range 519:531 a broad range of HLB values 519:545 Surfactants of different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were selected to cover a broad range of HLB values. 29433235 1 33 theme interest 281:288 arg1 guests 271:276 guests 271:276 guests of interest 271:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 1 34 with complex 169:175 arg1 material 197:204 an amphiphilic material 182:204 an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 182:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 6 35 theme significant 944:954 arg1 effect 956:961 no significant effect 941:961 no significant effect 941:961 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 5 36 theme surfactants 772:782 arg1 value 759:763 the HLB value 751:763 the HLB value of the surfactants 751:782 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene was dependent on the HLB value of the surfactants, instead of their ability to induce inclusion complexation. 29433235 6 37 located observed 967:974 arg2 effect 956:961 no significant effect 941:961 no significant effect 941:961 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 6 37 located observed 967:974 arg1 presence 1053:1060 the presence 1049:1060 the presence of β-carotene 1049:1074 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 6 37 located observed 967:974 arg1 properties 1002:1011 structural and thermal properties 979:1011 structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex 979:1044 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 0 38 theme β-carotene 35:44 arg1 stabilization 18:30 stabilization 18:30 stabilization 18:30 Encapsulation and stabilization of β-carotene by amylose inclusion complexes. 29433235 0 38 theme β-carotene 35:44 arg1 Encapsulation 0:12 Encapsulation 0:12 Encapsulation 0:12 Encapsulation and stabilization of β-carotene by amylose inclusion complexes. 29433235 4 39 theme X-ray 610:614 arg1 diffraction 616:626 X-ray diffraction 610:626 X-ray diffraction 610:626 The formation of the inclusion complexes was characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. 29433235 8 40 theme storage 1336:1342 arg1 period 1344:1349 a storage period 1334:1349 a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C 1334:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 7 41 theme amylose-AscP-β-carotene 1110:1132 arg1 pattern 1099:1105 The X-ray diffraction pattern 1077:1105 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene 1077:1132 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 1 42 theme amphiphilic 185:195 arg1 material 197:204 an amphiphilic material 182:204 an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 182:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 0 43 theme inclusion 57:65 arg1 complexes 67:75 amylose inclusion complexes 49:75 amylose inclusion complexes 49:75 Encapsulation and stabilization of β-carotene by amylose inclusion complexes. 29433235 6 44 theme complex 1038:1044 arg1 properties 1002:1011 structural and thermal properties 979:1011 structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex 979:1044 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 6 45 theme β-carotene 865:874 arg1 incorporation 848:860 The incorporation 844:860 The incorporation of β-carotene 844:874 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 3 46 theme different 457:465 arg1 hydrophilicity/lipophilicity 467:494 different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity 457:494 different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity 457:494 Surfactants of different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were selected to cover a broad range of HLB values. 29433235 0 47 theme amylose 49:55 arg1 complexes 67:75 amylose inclusion complexes 49:75 amylose inclusion complexes 49:75 Encapsulation and stabilization of β-carotene by amylose inclusion complexes. 29433235 4 48 theme inclusion 569:577 arg1 complexes 579:587 the inclusion complexes 565:587 the inclusion complexes 565:587 The formation of the inclusion complexes was characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. 29433235 8 49 theme components 1526:1535 arg1 mixtures 1504:1511 physical mixtures 1495:1511 physical mixtures of the three components 1495:1535 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 8 50 from 20 1367:1368 arg1 period 1344:1349 a storage period 1334:1349 a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C 1334:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 8 50 from 20 1367:1368 arg1 weeks 1358:1362 six weeks 1354:1362 six weeks at 20 and 30°C 1354:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 2 51 theme β-carotene 326:335 arg1 encapsulation 309:321 the encapsulation 305:321 the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 305:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 6 52 theme starch-AscP 1016:1026 arg1 complex 1038:1044 starch-AscP inclusion complex 1016:1044 starch-AscP inclusion complex 1016:1044 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 1 53 theme novel 112:116 arg1 composition 118:128 a novel composition 110:128 a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 110:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 29433235 5 54 theme HLB 755:757 arg1 value 759:763 the HLB value 751:763 the HLB value of the surfactants 751:782 The ability of amylose-surfactant system to encapsulate β-carotene was dependent on the HLB value of the surfactants, instead of their ability to induce inclusion complexation. 29433235 6 55 theme complex 914:920 arg1 formation 922:930 amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation 885:930 amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation 885:930 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 8 56 from 30°C 1374:1377 arg1 period 1344:1349 a storage period 1334:1349 a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C 1334:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 8 56 from 30°C 1374:1377 arg1 weeks 1358:1362 six weeks 1354:1362 six weeks at 20 and 30°C 1354:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 7 57 theme X-ray 1081:1085 arg1 pattern 1099:1105 The X-ray diffraction pattern 1077:1105 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene 1077:1132 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 3 58 theme broad 521:525 arg1 range 527:531 a broad range 519:531 a broad range of HLB values 519:545 Surfactants of different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were selected to cover a broad range of HLB values. 29433235 4 59 theme scanning 645:652 arg1 calorimetry 654:664 differential scanning calorimetry 632:664 differential scanning calorimetry 632:664 The formation of the inclusion complexes was characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. 29433235 6 60 theme inclusion 904:912 arg1 formation 922:930 amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation 885:930 amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation 885:930 The incorporation of β-carotene hindered amylose-surfactant inclusion complex formation, whereas no significant effect was observed on structural and thermal properties of starch-AscP inclusion complex in the presence of β-carotene. 29433235 7 61 theme diffraction 1087:1097 arg1 pattern 1099:1105 The X-ray diffraction pattern 1077:1105 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene 1077:1132 The X-ray diffraction pattern of amylose-AscP-β-carotene showed that β-carotene molecules did not crystallize into a separated phase and thus were suggested to be homogeneously immobilized within the polycrystalline amylose-AscP inclusion complexes. 29433235 2 62 theme palmitate 387:395 arg1 complexes 414:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 3 63 theme hydrophilicity/lipophilicity 467:494 arg1 Surfactants 442:452 Surfactants 442:452 Surfactants of different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity 442:494 Surfactants of different hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were selected to cover a broad range of HLB values. 29433235 8 64 theme weeks 1358:1362 arg1 period 1344:1349 a storage period 1334:1349 a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C 1334:1377 During a storage period of six weeks at 20 and 30°C, the stability of β-carotene was improved by encapsulation in starch-AscP inclusion complexes compared with that in physical mixtures of the three components. 29433235 2 65 theme amylose/starch-ascorbyl 363:385 arg1 complexes 414:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes 340:422 Specifically, the encapsulation of β-carotene in amylose-surfactant and amylose/starch-ascorbyl palmitate (AscP) inclusion complexes was investigated. 29433235 1 66 theme effective 212:220 arg1 technology 245:254 an effective encapsulation platform technology 209:254 an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest 209:288 In the present study, we report a novel composition based on amylose (or starch) inclusion complex with an amphiphilic material as an effective encapsulation platform technology to incorporate guests of interest. 27561480 7 0 theme best 1074:1077 arg1 characteristics 1079:1093 the best characteristics 1070:1093 the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology 1070:1147 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 1 1 theme replacement 135:145 arg1 effect 117:122 the effect 113:122 the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 113:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 6 2 theme high 992:995 arg1 activity 1003:1010 high water activity 992:1010 high water activity 992:1010 The particles presented amorphous characteristics and treatment with cashew gum as encapsulant exhibited the highest water absorption at high water activity. 27561480 0 3 theme oil 60:62 arg1 microencapsulation 64:81 ginger essential oil microencapsulation 43:81 ginger essential oil microencapsulation 43:81 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 2 4 theme particles 336:344 arg1 characterization 316:331 The characterization 312:331 The characterization of particles 312:344 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 2 4 theme particles 336:344 arg1 efficiency 377:386 encapsulation efficiency 363:386 encapsulation efficiency 363:386 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 2 4 theme particles 336:344 arg1 size 401:404 particle size 392:404 particle size 392:404 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 1 5 theme ginger 221:226 arg1 oil 238:240 ginger essential oil 221:240 ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 221:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 6 6 theme amorphous 879:887 arg1 characteristics 889:903 amorphous characteristics 879:903 amorphous characteristics 879:903 The particles presented amorphous characteristics and treatment with cashew gum as encapsulant exhibited the highest water absorption at high water activity. 27561480 4 7 theme inulin 735:740 arg1 concentrations 742:755 higher inulin concentrations 728:755 higher inulin concentrations 728:755 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 1 8 theme essential 228:236 arg1 oil 238:240 ginger essential oil 221:240 ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 221:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 4 9 theme higher 728:733 arg1 concentrations 742:755 higher inulin concentrations 728:755 higher inulin concentrations 728:755 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 6 10 theme cashew 924:929 arg1 gum 931:933 cashew gum 924:933 cashew gum 924:933 The particles presented amorphous characteristics and treatment with cashew gum as encapsulant exhibited the highest water absorption at high water activity. 27561480 3 11 theme adsorption 492:501 arg1 isotherms 503:511 adsorption isotherms 492:511 adsorption isotherms 492:511 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 1 12 theme oil 238:240 arg1 characteristics 202:216 the characteristics 198:216 the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 198:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 4 13 theme material 679:686 arg1 composition 655:665 the composition 651:665 the composition of the wall material 651:686 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 3 14 theme gravimetric 522:532 arg1 analysis 534:541 thermal gravimetric analysis 514:541 thermal gravimetric analysis 514:541 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 1 15 theme cashew 150:155 arg1 gum 157:159 cashew gum 150:159 cashew gum 150:159 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 6 16 theme water 972:976 arg1 absorption 978:987 the highest water absorption 960:987 the highest water absorption 960:987 The particles presented amorphous characteristics and treatment with cashew gum as encapsulant exhibited the highest water absorption at high water activity. 27561480 7 17 theme encapsulation 1109:1121 arg1 efficiency 1123:1132 the encapsulation efficiency 1105:1132 the encapsulation efficiency 1105:1132 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 1 18 theme gum 157:159 arg1 replacement 135:145 partial replacement 127:145 partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 127:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 3 19 theme thermal 514:520 arg1 analysis 534:541 thermal gravimetric analysis 514:541 thermal gravimetric analysis 514:541 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 1 20 with drying 269:274 arg1 emulsions 301:309 ultrasound assisted emulsions 281:309 ultrasound assisted emulsions 281:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 3 21 theme electron 563:570 arg1 microscopy 572:581 scanning electron microscopy 554:581 scanning electron microscopy 554:581 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 5 22 theme inulin 833:838 arg1 concentration 840:852 the highest inulin concentration 821:852 the highest inulin concentration 821:852 The encapsulation efficiency (15.8%) was lower at the highest inulin concentration. 27561480 6 23 theme highest 964:970 arg1 absorption 978:987 the highest water absorption 960:987 the highest water absorption 960:987 The particles presented amorphous characteristics and treatment with cashew gum as encapsulant exhibited the highest water absorption at high water activity. 27561480 2 24 theme encapsulation 363:375 arg1 characterization 316:331 The characterization 312:331 The characterization of particles 312:344 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 2 24 theme encapsulation 363:375 arg1 efficiency 377:386 encapsulation efficiency 363:386 encapsulation efficiency 363:386 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 7 25 theme 3:1 1047:1049 arg1 ratio 1056:1060 3:1(w/w) ratio 1047:1060 3:1(w/w) ratio 1047:1060 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 7 25 theme 3:1 1047:1049 arg1 matrix 1039:1044 inulin matrix 1032:1044 inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) 1032:1061 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 4 26 theme treatments 624:633 arg1 solubility 606:615 the solubility 602:615 the solubility of the treatments 602:633 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 1 27 theme spray 263:267 arg1 drying 269:274 spray drying 263:274 spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 263:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 3 28 theme scanning 554:561 arg1 microscopy 572:581 scanning electron microscopy 554:581 scanning electron microscopy 554:581 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 0 29 theme New 23:25 arg1 alternative 27:37 New alternative 23:37 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 0:82 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 7 30 from cracks 1161:1166 arg1 structure 1175:1183 the structure 1171:1183 the structure 1171:1183 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 1 31 theme wall 179:182 arg1 materials 184:192 wall materials 179:192 wall materials 179:192 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 2 32 theme particle 392:399 arg1 characterization 316:331 The characterization 312:331 The characterization of particles 312:344 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 2 32 theme particle 392:399 arg1 size 401:404 particle size 392:404 particle size 392:404 The characterization of particles was evaluated as encapsulation efficiency and particle size. 27561480 3 33 theme microcapsules 442:454 arg1 properties 424:433 the properties 420:433 the properties of the microcapsules 420:454 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 1 34 theme ultrasound 281:290 arg1 emulsions 301:309 ultrasound assisted emulsions 281:309 ultrasound assisted emulsions 281:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 1 35 from materials 184:192 arg1 characteristics 202:216 the characteristics 198:216 the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 198:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 4 36 theme higher 700:705 arg1 values 707:712 higher values 700:712 higher values (89.80%) 700:721 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 4 36 theme higher 700:705 arg1 % 720:720 89.80% 715:720 89.80% 715:720 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 5 37 theme encapsulation 775:787 arg1 lower 812:816 lower 812:816 lower 812:816 The encapsulation efficiency (15.8%) was lower at the highest inulin concentration. 27561480 5 37 theme encapsulation 775:787 arg1 efficiency 789:798 The encapsulation efficiency 771:798 The encapsulation efficiency (15.8%) 771:806 The encapsulation efficiency (15.8%) was lower at the highest inulin concentration. 27561480 5 37 theme encapsulation 775:787 arg1 % 805:805 15.8% 801:805 15.8% 801:805 The encapsulation efficiency (15.8%) was lower at the highest inulin concentration. 27561480 1 38 theme assisted 292:299 arg1 emulsions 301:309 ultrasound assisted emulsions 281:309 ultrasound assisted emulsions 281:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 7 39 theme inulin 1032:1037 arg1 ratio 1056:1060 3:1(w/w) ratio 1047:1060 3:1(w/w) ratio 1047:1060 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 7 39 theme inulin 1032:1037 arg1 matrix 1039:1044 inulin matrix 1032:1044 inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) 1032:1061 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 7 40 theme cashew 1017:1022 arg1 gum 1024:1026 The cashew gum 1013:1026 The cashew gum 1013:1026 The cashew gum and inulin matrix (3:1(w/w) ratio) showed the best characteristics regarding the encapsulation efficiency and morphology, showing no cracks in the structure. 27561480 3 41 theme FTIR 477:480 arg1 analysis 482:489 FTIR analysis 477:489 FTIR analysis 477:489 In addition, the properties of the microcapsules were studied through FTIR analysis, adsorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. 27561480 0 42 theme essential 50:58 arg1 microencapsulation 64:81 ginger essential oil microencapsulation 43:81 ginger essential oil microencapsulation 43:81 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 4 43 theme wall 674:677 arg1 material 679:686 the wall material 670:686 the wall material 670:686 It was found that the solubility of the treatments was affected by the composition of the wall material and reached higher values (89.80%) when higher inulin concentrations were applied. 27561480 5 44 theme highest 825:831 arg1 concentration 840:852 the highest inulin concentration 821:852 the highest inulin concentration 821:852 The encapsulation efficiency (15.8%) was lower at the highest inulin concentration. 27561480 0 45 theme ginger 43:48 arg1 microencapsulation 64:81 ginger essential oil microencapsulation 43:81 ginger essential oil microencapsulation 43:81 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 0 46 dep Cashew 0:5 arg1 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 0 46 dep Cashew 0:5 arg1 alternative 27:37 New alternative 23:37 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 0:82 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 0 46 dep Cashew 0:5 arg1 gum 7:9 gum 7:9 gum 7:9 Cashew gum and inulin: New alternative for ginger essential oil microencapsulation. 27561480 1 47 theme partial 127:133 arg1 replacement 135:145 partial replacement 127:145 partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions 127:309 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of cashew gum by inulin used as wall materials, on the characteristics of ginger essential oil microencapsulated by spray drying with ultrasound assisted emulsions. 27561480 6 48 theme water 997:1001 arg1 activity 1003:1010 high water activity 992:1010 high water activity 992:1010 The particles presented amorphous characteristics and treatment with cashew gum as encapsulant exhibited the highest water absorption at high water activity. 25962786 3 0 theme ammonium-oxidizing 345:362 arg1 Planctomycetes 374:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes 335:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes 335:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 4 1 theme complementary 505:517 arg1 array 519:523 a complementary array 503:523 a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis 503:680 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 2 2 dep plan 302:305 arg1 compartmentalized 316:332 compartmentalized 316:332 plan uniquely compartmentalized 302:332 Therefore, the planctomycetal cell envelope is considered exceptional and their cell plan uniquely compartmentalized. 25962786 4 3 theme peptidoglycan-specific 627:648 arg1 probes 650:655 peptidoglycan-specific probes 627:655 peptidoglycan-specific probes 627:655 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 6 4 theme universal 1000:1008 arg1 presence 1010:1017 the universal presence 996:1017 the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria 996:1046 Our results demonstrate that Planctomycetes are not an exception to the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria. 25962786 4 5 theme state-of-the-art 528:543 arg1 probes 650:655 peptidoglycan-specific probes 627:655 peptidoglycan-specific probes 627:655 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 5 theme state-of-the-art 528:543 arg1 analysis 673:680 muropeptide analysis 661:680 muropeptide analysis 661:680 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 5 theme state-of-the-art 528:543 arg1 techniques 545:554 state-of-the-art techniques 528:554 state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis 528:680 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 5 theme state-of-the-art 528:543 arg1 culturing 577:585 continuous culturing 566:585 continuous culturing 566:585 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 5 theme state-of-the-art 528:543 arg1 microscopy 615:624 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 588:624 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 588:624 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 5 6 from thickness 787:795 arg1 stuttgartiensis 846:860 stuttgartiensis 846:860 stuttgartiensis 846:860 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 3 7 theme key 396:398 arg1 role 400:403 a key role 394:403 a key role 394:403 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 6 8 attach presence 1010:1017 arg1 bacteria 1039:1046 bacteria 1039:1046 bacteria 1039:1046 Our results demonstrate that Planctomycetes are not an exception to the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria. 25962786 6 8 attach presence 1010:1017 arg2 peptidoglycan 1022:1034 peptidoglycan 1022:1034 peptidoglycan 1022:1034 Our results demonstrate that Planctomycetes are not an exception to the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria. 25962786 1 9 theme intriguing 74:83 arg1 Planctomycetes 55:68 Planctomycetes 55:68 Planctomycetes 55:68 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 1 9 theme intriguing 74:83 arg1 microorganisms 85:98 intriguing microorganisms 74:98 intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells 74:214 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 2 10 dep exceptional 275:285 arg1 plan 302:305 plan 302:305 plan uniquely compartmentalized 302:332 Therefore, the planctomycetal cell envelope is considered exceptional and their cell plan uniquely compartmentalized. 25962786 0 11 contain have 23:26 arg2 wall 49:52 a peptidoglycan cell wall 28:52 a peptidoglycan cell wall 28:52 Anammox Planctomycetes have a peptidoglycan cell wall. 25962786 0 11 contain have 23:26 arg1 Planctomycetes 8:21 Anammox Planctomycetes 0:21 Anammox Planctomycetes 0:21 Anammox Planctomycetes have a peptidoglycan cell wall. 25962786 3 12 theme global 412:417 arg1 cycle 428:432 the global nitrogen cycle 408:432 the global nitrogen cycle 408:432 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 1 13 dep shape 166:170 arg1 the 162:164 the 162:164 the 162:164 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 3 14 theme fixed 447:451 arg1 nitrogen 453:460 fixed nitrogen 447:460 fixed nitrogen 447:460 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 0 15 theme Anammox 0:6 arg1 Planctomycetes 8:21 Anammox Planctomycetes 0:21 Anammox Planctomycetes 0:21 Anammox Planctomycetes have a peptidoglycan cell wall. 25962786 4 16 theme cryo-transmission 588:604 arg1 microscopy 615:624 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 588:624 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 588:624 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 1 17 theme all 196:198 arg1 cells 210:214 almost all bacterial cells 189:214 almost all bacterial cells 189:214 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 1 18 theme bacterial 200:208 arg1 cells 210:214 almost all bacterial cells 189:214 almost all bacterial cells 189:214 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 1 19 theme cells 210:214 arg1 integrity 176:184 integrity 176:184 integrity 176:184 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 1 19 theme cells 210:214 arg1 shape 166:170 shape 166:170 shape 166:170 Planctomycetes are intriguing microorganisms that apparently lack peptidoglycan, a structure that controls the shape and integrity of almost all bacterial cells. 25962786 0 20 theme cell 44:47 arg1 wall 49:52 a peptidoglycan cell wall 28:52 a peptidoglycan cell wall 28:52 Anammox Planctomycetes have a peptidoglycan cell wall. 25962786 4 21 theme electron 606:613 arg1 microscopy 615:624 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 588:624 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 588:624 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 5 22 from location 814:821 arg1 stuttgartiensis 846:860 stuttgartiensis 846:860 stuttgartiensis 846:860 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 2 23 theme cell 247:250 arg1 envelope 252:259 the planctomycetal cell envelope 228:259 the planctomycetal cell envelope 228:259 Therefore, the planctomycetal cell envelope is considered exceptional and their cell plan uniquely compartmentalized. 25962786 4 24 theme anammox 700:706 arg1 bacterium 708:716 the anammox bacterium 696:716 the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis 696:741 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 0 25 theme peptidoglycan 30:42 arg1 wall 49:52 a peptidoglycan cell wall 28:52 a peptidoglycan cell wall 28:52 Anammox Planctomycetes have a peptidoglycan cell wall. 25962786 2 26 theme planctomycetal 232:245 arg1 envelope 252:259 the planctomycetal cell envelope 228:259 the planctomycetal cell envelope 228:259 Therefore, the planctomycetal cell envelope is considered exceptional and their cell plan uniquely compartmentalized. 25962786 3 27 theme nitrogen 419:426 arg1 cycle 428:432 the global nitrogen cycle 408:432 the global nitrogen cycle 408:432 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 4 28 theme techniques 545:554 arg1 array 519:523 a complementary array 503:523 a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis 503:680 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 5 29 from composition 798:808 arg1 stuttgartiensis 846:860 stuttgartiensis 846:860 stuttgartiensis 846:860 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 6 30 theme peptidoglycan 1022:1034 arg1 presence 1010:1017 the universal presence 996:1017 the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria 996:1046 Our results demonstrate that Planctomycetes are not an exception to the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria. 25962786 3 31 theme Anaerobic 335:343 arg1 Planctomycetes 374:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes 335:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes 335:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 4 32 theme continuous 566:575 arg1 culturing 577:585 continuous culturing 566:585 continuous culturing 566:585 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 33 contain contains 743:750 arg2 peptidoglycan 752:764 peptidoglycan 752:764 peptidoglycan 752:764 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 33 contain contains 743:750 arg1 bacterium 708:716 the anammox bacterium 696:716 the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis 696:741 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 4 34 theme muropeptide 661:671 arg1 analysis 673:680 muropeptide analysis 661:680 muropeptide analysis 661:680 Here using a complementary array of state-of-the-art techniques including continuous culturing, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, peptidoglycan-specific probes and muropeptide analysis, we show that the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis contains peptidoglycan. 25962786 3 35 theme anammox 365:371 arg1 Planctomycetes 374:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes 335:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes 335:387 Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) Planctomycetes play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle by releasing fixed nitrogen back to the atmosphere as N2. 25962786 5 36 theme Gram-negative 904:916 arg1 Planctomycetes 886:899 Planctomycetes 886:899 Planctomycetes 886:899 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 5 36 theme Gram-negative 904:916 arg1 bacteria 918:925 Gram-negative bacteria 904:925 Gram-negative bacteria 904:925 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 5 37 theme peptidoglycan 826:838 arg1 location 814:821 location 814:821 location 814:821 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 5 37 theme peptidoglycan 826:838 arg1 composition 798:808 composition 798:808 composition 798:808 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 5 37 theme peptidoglycan 826:838 arg1 thickness 787:795 thickness 787:795 thickness 787:795 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 6 38 from presence 1010:1017 arg1 bacteria 1039:1046 bacteria 1039:1046 bacteria 1039:1046 Our results demonstrate that Planctomycetes are not an exception to the universal presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria. 25962786 5 39 dep thickness 787:795 arg1 the 770:772 the 770:772 the 770:772 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 25962786 5 39 dep thickness 787:795 arg1 basis 774:778 basis 774:778 basis 774:778 On the basis of the thickness, composition and location of peptidoglycan in K. stuttgartiensis, we propose to redefine Planctomycetes as Gram-negative bacteria. 29033318 0 0 theme Enzyme 99:104 arg1 TSTA3 110:114 TSTA3 110:114 TSTA3 110:114 An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. 29033318 0 0 theme Enzyme 99:104 arg1 FX 106:107 GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX 75:107 GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX 75:107 An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. 29033318 4 1 theme cellular 662:669 arg1 fucosylation 671:682 cellular fucosylation 662:682 cellular fucosylation 662:682 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 0 2 theme GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing 75:97 arg1 TSTA3 110:114 TSTA3 110:114 TSTA3 110:114 An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. 29033318 0 2 theme GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing 75:97 arg1 FX 106:107 GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX 75:107 GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX 75:107 An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. 29033318 5 3 theme 6-Alk-Fuc 851:859 arg1 FX 864:865 FX 864:865 FX (encoded by TSTA3) 864:884 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 5 3 theme 6-Alk-Fuc 851:859 arg1 target 841:846 the direct target 830:846 the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc 830:859 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 3 4 theme fucose 350:355 arg1 6-alkynyl-fucose 386:401 6-alkynyl-fucose 386:401 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc) 386:413 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 4 theme fucose 350:355 arg1 inhibitor 531:539 a fucosylation inhibitor 516:539 a fucosylation inhibitor 516:539 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 4 theme fucose 350:355 arg1 probe 452:456 a detection probe 440:456 a detection probe for fucosylated glycans 440:480 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 4 theme fucose 350:355 arg1 analog 357:362 a fucose analog 348:362 a fucose analog with an alkyne group 348:383 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 7 5 theme fucosylation 1040:1051 arg1 inhibitor 1053:1061 a fucosylation inhibitor 1038:1061 a fucosylation inhibitor 1038:1061 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 7 5 theme fucosylation 1040:1051 arg1 role 1017:1020 the unappreciated role 999:1020 the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc 999:1033 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 3 6 gly fucosylated 462:472 arg1 glycans 474:480 fucosylated glycans 462:480 fucosylated glycans 462:480 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 5 7 theme bifunctional 891:902 arg1 FX 864:865 FX 864:865 FX (encoded by TSTA3) 864:884 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 5 7 theme bifunctional 891:902 arg1 synthase 912:919 the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase 887:919 the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase 887:919 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 4 8 theme existing 719:726 arg1 inhibitor 728:736 the existing inhibitor 715:736 the existing inhibitor 715:736 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 8 theme existing 719:726 arg1 2-fluoro-fucose 739:753 2-fluoro-fucose 739:753 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc) 739:763 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 9 theme glycan 546:551 arg1 analysis 553:560 Our glycan analysis 542:560 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry 542:595 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 5 10 theme GDP-Fuc 904:910 arg1 FX 864:865 FX 864:865 FX (encoded by TSTA3) 864:884 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 5 10 theme GDP-Fuc 904:910 arg1 synthase 912:919 the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase 887:919 the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase 887:919 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 4 11 with inhibitor 649:657 arg1 potency 702:708 much higher potency 690:708 much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc) 690:763 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 5 12 dep FX 864:865 arg1 encoded 868:874 encoded 868:874 encoded by TSTA3 868:883 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 3 13 theme alkyne 372:377 arg1 group 379:383 an alkyne group 369:383 an alkyne group 369:383 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 14 theme fucosylation 518:529 arg1 analog 357:362 a fucose analog 348:362 a fucose analog with an alkyne group 348:383 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 14 theme fucosylation 518:529 arg1 inhibitor 531:539 a fucosylation inhibitor 516:539 a fucosylation inhibitor 516:539 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 5 15 theme action 770:775 arg1 mechanism 777:785 The action mechanism 766:785 The action mechanism 766:785 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 7 16 theme 6-Alk-Fuc 1025:1033 arg1 inhibitor 1053:1061 a fucosylation inhibitor 1038:1061 a fucosylation inhibitor 1038:1061 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 7 16 theme 6-Alk-Fuc 1025:1033 arg1 role 1017:1020 the unappreciated role 999:1020 the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc 999:1033 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 3 17 used used 425:428 arg2 analog 357:362 a fucose analog 348:362 a fucose analog with an alkyne group 348:383 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 17 used used 425:428 arg2 inhibitor 531:539 a fucosylation inhibitor 516:539 a fucosylation inhibitor 516:539 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 17 used used 425:428 arg2 6-alkynyl-fucose 386:401 6-alkynyl-fucose 386:401 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc) 386:413 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 17 used used 425:428 arg2 probe 452:456 a detection probe 440:456 a detection probe for fucosylated glycans 440:480 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 4 18 theme potent 630:635 arg1 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 18 theme potent 630:635 arg1 inhibitor 649:657 a potent and general inhibitor 628:657 a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation 628:682 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 0 19 theme Hepatoma 24:31 arg1 Migration 38:46 Hepatoma Cell Migration 24:46 Hepatoma Cell Migration 24:46 An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. 29033318 7 20 theme unappreciated 1003:1015 arg1 inhibitor 1053:1061 a fucosylation inhibitor 1038:1061 a fucosylation inhibitor 1038:1061 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 7 20 theme unappreciated 1003:1015 arg1 role 1017:1020 the unappreciated role 999:1020 the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc 999:1033 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 4 21 theme higher 695:700 arg1 potency 702:708 much higher potency 690:708 much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc) 690:763 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 22 theme fucosylation 671:682 arg1 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 22 theme fucosylation 671:682 arg1 inhibitor 649:657 a potent and general inhibitor 628:657 a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation 628:682 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 2 23 theme basic 258:262 arg1 research 277:284 basic and clinical research 258:284 basic and clinical research 258:284 Although potent fucosylation inhibitors are useful for basic and clinical research, only a few inhibitors have been developed. 29033318 0 24 theme Cell 33:36 arg1 Migration 38:46 Hepatoma Cell Migration 24:46 Hepatoma Cell Migration 24:46 An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. 29033318 5 25 theme cellular 808:815 arg1 GDP-Fuc 817:823 cellular GDP-Fuc 808:823 cellular GDP-Fuc 808:823 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 7 26 theme potential 1071:1079 arg1 use 1081:1083 its potential use 1067:1083 its potential use for basic and clinical science 1067:1114 These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science. 29033318 3 27 with analog 357:362 arg1 group 379:383 an alkyne group 369:383 an alkyne group 369:383 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 28 theme fucosylated 462:472 arg1 glycans 474:480 fucosylated glycans 462:480 fucosylated glycans 462:480 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 2 29 theme fucosylation 219:230 arg1 inhibitors 232:241 potent fucosylation inhibitors 212:241 potent fucosylation inhibitors 212:241 Although potent fucosylation inhibitors are useful for basic and clinical research, only a few inhibitors have been developed. 29033318 3 30 theme detection 442:450 arg1 probe 452:456 a detection probe 440:456 a detection probe for fucosylated glycans 440:480 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 3 30 theme detection 442:450 arg1 analog 357:362 a fucose analog 348:362 a fucose analog with an alkyne group 348:383 Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. 29033318 6 31 theme hepatoma 956:963 arg1 invasion 965:972 hepatoma invasion 956:972 hepatoma invasion 956:972 We also show that 6-Alk-Fuc halts hepatoma invasion. 29033318 2 32 theme potent 212:217 arg1 inhibitors 232:241 potent fucosylation inhibitors 212:241 potent fucosylation inhibitors 212:241 Although potent fucosylation inhibitors are useful for basic and clinical research, only a few inhibitors have been developed. 29033318 1 33 theme glycan 135:140 arg1 Fucosylation 117:128 Fucosylation 117:128 Fucosylation 117:128 Fucosylation is a glycan modification critically involved in cancer and inflammation. 29033318 1 33 theme glycan 135:140 arg1 modification 142:153 a glycan modification 133:153 a glycan modification critically involved in cancer and inflammation 133:200 Fucosylation is a glycan modification critically involved in cancer and inflammation. 29033318 2 34 theme clinical 268:275 arg1 research 277:284 basic and clinical research 258:284 basic and clinical research 258:284 Although potent fucosylation inhibitors are useful for basic and clinical research, only a few inhibitors have been developed. 29033318 5 35 theme direct 834:839 arg1 FX 864:865 FX 864:865 FX (encoded by TSTA3) 864:884 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 5 35 theme direct 834:839 arg1 target 841:846 the direct target 830:846 the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc 830:859 The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. 29033318 4 36 theme mass 579:582 arg1 spectrometry 584:595 mass spectrometry 579:595 mass spectrometry 579:595 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 37 theme general 641:647 arg1 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 6-Alk-Fuc 615:623 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 29033318 4 37 theme general 641:647 arg1 inhibitor 649:657 a potent and general inhibitor 628:657 a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation 628:682 Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). 28169210 11 0 theme saturated 2000:2008 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 0 theme saturated 2000:2008 arg1 fat 2010:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 12 1 theme public 2232:2237 arg1 officials 2246:2254 public health officials 2232:2254 public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts 2232:2341 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 6 2 theme % 1224:1224 arg1 brands 1236:1241 brands 1236:1241 brands for US unit sales 1236:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 6 2 theme % 1224:1224 arg1 % 1231:1231 the top 75% to 80% 1214:1231 the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales 1214:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 3 3 theme nutrition 445:453 arg1 content 455:461 the nutrition content 441:461 the nutrition content of private-label products 441:487 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 11 4 theme total 1990:1994 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 4 theme total 1990:1994 arg1 fat 2010:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 6 5 theme private-label 1169:1181 arg1 brands 1196:1201 both private-label and national brands 1164:1201 both private-label and national brands 1164:1201 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 8 6 theme significant 1534:1544 arg1 P<0.05 1559:1564 P<0.05 1559:1564 P<0.05 1559:1564 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 8 6 theme significant 1534:1544 arg1 differences 1546:1556 significant differences 1534:1556 significant differences (P<0.05) 1534:1565 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 0 7 theme Private-Label 141:153 arg1 Brands 168:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 3 8 theme corresponding 494:506 arg1 products 523:530 corresponding national brand products 494:530 corresponding national brand products 494:530 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 8 9 theme sample 1599:1604 arg1 tests 1608:1612 sample t tests 1599:1612 sample t tests 1599:1612 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 4 10 theme private-label 781:793 arg1 brand 795:799 national or private-label brand 769:799 national or private-label brand 769:799 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 10 theme private-label 781:793 arg1 type 763:766 brand type 757:766 brand type (national or private-label brand) 757:800 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 7 11 theme variable 1324:1331 arg1 type 1339:1342 a variable brand type 1322:1342 a variable brand type (national or private label) 1322:1370 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 0 12 theme National 159:166 arg1 Brands 168:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 3 13 theme products 480:487 arg1 content 455:461 the nutrition content 441:461 the nutrition content of private-label products 441:487 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 6 14 dep % 1231:1231 arg1 to 1226:1227 to 1226:1227 to 1226:1227 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 4 15 theme total 631:635 arg1 fiber 645:649 total dietary fiber 631:649 total dietary fiber 631:649 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 10 16 theme individual 1852:1861 arg1 products 1868:1875 a few individual food products 1846:1875 a few individual food products 1846:1875 However, differences in both directions exist for a few individual food products and food categories. 28169210 11 17 theme related 1939:1945 arg1 potassium 1958:1966 potassium 1958:1966 potassium 1958:1966 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 17 theme related 1939:1945 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 17 theme related 1939:1945 arg1 fat 2010:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 17 theme related 1939:1945 arg1 fiber 1983:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 17 theme related 1939:1945 arg1 sugar 2025:2029 total sugar 2019:2029 total sugar 2019:2029 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 4 18 from nutrients 609:617 arg1 foods 748:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 10 19 from differences 1805:1815 arg1 directions 1825:1834 both directions 1820:1834 both directions 1820:1834 However, differences in both directions exist for a few individual food products and food categories. 28169210 11 20 theme foods 2181:2185 arg1 quality 2170:2176 nutritional quality 2158:2176 nutritional quality of foods 2158:2185 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 6 21 theme unit 1250:1253 arg1 sales 1255:1259 US unit sales 1247:1259 US unit sales 1247:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 3 22 theme brand 517:521 arg1 products 523:530 corresponding national brand products 494:530 corresponding national brand products 494:530 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 11 23 theme nutrients 1947:1955 arg1 Concentrations 1910:1923 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations 1898:1923 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1898:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 6 24 theme national 1187:1194 arg1 brands 1196:1201 both private-label and national brands 1164:1201 both private-label and national brands 1164:1201 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 4 25 theme nutrients 609:617 arg1 concentrations 572:585 concentrations 572:585 concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 572:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 10 26 theme food 1881:1884 arg1 categories 1886:1895 food categories 1881:1895 food categories 1881:1895 However, differences in both directions exist for a few individual food products and food categories. 28169210 0 27 theme Saturated 106:114 arg1 Fat 116:118 Total and Saturated Fat 96:118 Total and Saturated Fat 96:118 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 6 28 dep sales 1255:1259 arg1 US 1247:1248 US 1247:1248 US 1247:1248 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 0 29 from Nutrients 53:61 arg1 Brands 168:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 7 30 theme hoc 1275:1277 arg1 analysis 1291:1298 this post hoc comparative analysis 1265:1298 this post hoc comparative analysis 1265:1298 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 4 31 theme saturated 662:670 arg1 fat 672:674 total and saturated fat 652:674 total and saturated fat 652:674 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 5 32 theme Data 844:847 arg1 Laboratory 849:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory 831:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture 831:894 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 5 32 theme Data 844:847 arg1 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 11 33 theme total 1969:1973 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 33 theme total 1969:1973 arg1 fiber 1983:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 0 34 theme Total 125:129 arg1 Sugar 131:135 Total Sugar 125:135 Total Sugar 125:135 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 5 35 theme locations 978:986 arg1 nationwide 988:997 up to 12 locations nationwide 969:997 up to 12 locations nationwide 969:997 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 4 36 from concentrations 572:585 arg1 foods 748:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 5 37 theme related 1053:1059 arg1 nutrients 1061:1069 related nutrients 1053:1069 related nutrients 1053:1069 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 4 38 dep sodium-contributing 705:723 arg1 packaged 739:746 packaged 739:746 packaged 739:746 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 11 39 theme national 2087:2094 arg1 brands 2096:2101 private-label and national brands 2069:2101 private-label and national brands 2069:2101 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 4 40 theme total 652:656 arg1 fat 672:674 total and saturated fat 652:674 total and saturated fat 652:674 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 6 41 theme top 1218:1220 arg1 brands 1236:1241 brands 1236:1241 brands for US unit sales 1236:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 6 41 theme top 1218:1220 arg1 % 1231:1231 the top 75% to 80% 1214:1231 the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales 1214:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 7 42 theme food 1457:1460 arg1 product 1462:1468 food product 1457:1468 food product 1457:1468 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 4 43 theme popular 697:703 arg1 foods 748:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 0 44 theme Total 75:79 arg1 Fiber 89:93 Total Dietary Fiber 75:93 Total Dietary Fiber 75:93 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 12 45 theme health 2239:2244 arg1 officials 2246:2254 public health officials 2232:2254 public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts 2232:2341 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 11 46 theme private-label 2069:2081 arg1 brands 2096:2101 private-label and national brands 2069:2101 private-label and national brands 2069:2101 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 0 47 theme Foods 230:234 arg1 Sodium 34:39 Sodium 34:39 Sodium 34:39 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 47 theme Foods 230:234 arg1 Nutrients 53:61 Related Nutrients 45:61 Related Nutrients 45:61 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 4 48 theme total 681:685 arg1 sugar 687:691 total sugar 681:691 total sugar 681:691 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 5 49 theme US 867:868 arg1 Laboratory 849:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory 831:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture 831:894 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 5 49 theme US 867:868 arg1 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 7 50 theme brand 1431:1435 arg1 type 1437:1440 brand type 1431:1440 brand type overall 1431:1448 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 9 51 theme brand 1715:1719 arg1 types 1721:1725 brand types 1715:1725 brand types 1715:1725 RESULTS Overall for all foods sampled, differences between brand types were not statistically significant for any of the nutrients studied. 28169210 8 52 theme independent 1587:1597 arg1 tests 1608:1612 sample t tests 1599:1612 sample t tests 1599:1612 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 1 53 theme Private-label 269:281 arg1 brands 283:288 BACKGROUND Private-label brands 258:288 BACKGROUND Private-label brands 258:288 BACKGROUND Private-label brands account for about one in four foods sold in US supermarkets. 28169210 5 54 theme products 955:962 arg1 samples 911:917 1,706 samples 905:917 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products 905:962 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 12 55 with officials 2246:2254 arg1 content 2279:2285 baseline nutrient content 2261:2285 baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts 2261:2341 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 0 56 theme Nutrients 53:61 arg1 Concentrations 16:29 Concentrations 16:29 Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods 16:234 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 4 57 theme national 769:776 arg1 brand 795:799 national or private-label brand 769:799 national or private-label brand 769:799 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 57 theme national 769:776 arg1 type 763:766 brand type 757:766 brand type (national or private-label brand) 757:800 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 1 58 from one 308:310 arg1 foods 320:324 four foods 315:324 four foods sold in US supermarkets 315:348 BACKGROUND Private-label brands account for about one in four foods sold in US supermarkets. 28169210 7 59 dep private 1357:1363 arg1 label 1365:1369 label 1365:1369 label 1365:1369 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 7 60 theme mean 1405:1408 arg1 contents 1419:1426 mean nutrient contents 1405:1426 mean nutrient contents 1405:1426 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 4 61 dep sodium 590:595 arg1 sugar 687:691 total sugar 681:691 total sugar 681:691 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 61 dep sodium 590:595 arg1 potassium 620:628 potassium 620:628 potassium 620:628 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 61 dep sodium 590:595 arg1 fat 672:674 total and saturated fat 652:674 total and saturated fat 652:674 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 61 dep sodium 590:595 arg1 fiber 645:649 total dietary fiber 631:649 total dietary fiber 631:649 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 11 62 theme United 2194:2199 arg1 States 2201:2206 the United States 2190:2206 the United States 2190:2206 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 6 63 theme sodium-contributing 1097:1115 arg1 products 1145:1152 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products 1094:1152 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales 1094:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 5 64 theme private-label 922:934 arg1 products 955:962 private-label and national brand products 922:962 private-label and national brand products 922:962 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 8 65 theme STATISTICAL 1480:1490 arg1 ANALYSES 1492:1499 STATISTICAL ANALYSES 1480:1499 STATISTICAL ANALYSES 1480:1499 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 11 66 dep nutrients 1947:1955 arg1 potassium 1958:1966 potassium 1958:1966 potassium 1958:1966 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 66 dep nutrients 1947:1955 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 66 dep nutrients 1947:1955 arg1 fat 2010:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 total and saturated fat 1990:2012 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 66 dep nutrients 1947:1955 arg1 fiber 1983:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 66 dep nutrients 1947:1955 arg1 sugar 2025:2029 total sugar 2019:2029 total sugar 2019:2029 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 5 67 theme national 940:947 arg1 products 955:962 private-label and national brand products 922:962 private-label and national brand products 922:962 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 12 68 theme nutrient 2270:2277 arg1 content 2279:2285 baseline nutrient content 2261:2285 baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts 2261:2341 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 11 69 theme total 2019:2023 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 69 theme total 2019:2023 arg1 sugar 2025:2029 total sugar 2019:2029 total sugar 2019:2029 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 70 theme CONCLUSIONS 1898:1908 arg1 Concentrations 1910:1923 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations 1898:1923 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1898:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 5 71 dep 12 975:976 arg1 to 972:973 to 972:973 to 972:973 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 3 72 theme private-label 466:478 arg1 products 480:487 private-label products 466:487 private-label products 466:487 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 8 73 theme Mann-Whitney 1617:1628 arg1 tests 1632:1636 Mann-Whitney U tests 1617:1636 Mann-Whitney U tests 1617:1636 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 0 74 dep Popular 178:184 arg1 Sodium-Contributing 187:205 Sodium-Contributing 187:205 Sodium-Contributing 187:205 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 74 dep Popular 178:184 arg1 Packaged 221:228 Packaged 221:228 Packaged 221:228 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 7 75 theme brand 1333:1337 arg1 type 1339:1342 a variable brand type 1322:1342 a variable brand type (national or private label) 1322:1370 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 0 76 theme Popular 178:184 arg1 Foods 230:234 Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods 178:234 Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods 178:234 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 8 77 theme t 1606:1606 arg1 tests 1608:1612 sample t tests 1599:1612 sample t tests 1599:1612 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 10 78 theme few 1848:1850 arg1 products 1868:1875 a few individual food products 1846:1875 a few individual food products 1846:1875 However, differences in both directions exist for a few individual food products and food categories. 28169210 3 79 theme national 508:515 arg1 products 523:530 corresponding national brand products 494:530 corresponding national brand products 494:530 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 11 80 theme nutritional 2158:2168 arg1 quality 2170:2176 nutritional quality 2158:2176 nutritional quality of foods 2158:2185 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 6 81 dep sodium-contributing 1097:1115 arg1 packaged 1131:1138 packaged 1131:1138 packaged 1131:1138 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 4 82 from sodium 590:595 arg1 foods 748:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 83 theme related 601:607 arg1 nutrients 609:617 related nutrients 601:617 related nutrients 601:617 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 6 84 theme brands 1236:1241 arg1 brands 1236:1241 brands 1236:1241 brands for US unit sales 1236:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 6 84 theme brands 1236:1241 arg1 % 1231:1231 the top 75% to 80% 1214:1231 the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales 1214:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 4 85 dep OBJECTIVE 533:541 arg1 was 557:559 was 557:559 was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand) 557:800 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 0 86 theme United 243:248 arg1 States 250:255 the United States 239:255 the United States 239:255 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 5 87 theme Nutrient 835:842 arg1 Laboratory 849:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory 831:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture 831:894 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 5 87 theme Nutrient 835:842 arg1 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 7 88 theme comparative 1279:1289 arg1 analysis 1291:1298 this post hoc comparative analysis 1265:1298 this post hoc comparative analysis 1265:1298 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 10 89 theme food 1863:1866 arg1 products 1868:1875 a few individual food products 1846:1875 a few individual food products 1846:1875 However, differences in both directions exist for a few individual food products and food categories. 28169210 12 90 theme study 2213:2217 arg1 data 2219:2222 The study data 2209:2222 The study data 2209:2222 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 12 91 dep efforts 2335:2341 arg1 US 2315:2316 US 2315:2316 US 2315:2316 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 7 92 dep type 1339:1342 arg1 private 1357:1363 private 1357:1363 private 1357:1363 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 7 92 dep type 1339:1342 arg1 national 1345:1352 national 1345:1352 national 1345:1352 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 11 93 theme dietary 1975:1981 arg1 nutrients 1947:1955 related nutrients 1939:1955 related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1939:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 93 theme dietary 1975:1981 arg1 fiber 1983:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 total dietary fiber 1969:1987 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 7 94 theme post 1270:1273 arg1 analysis 1291:1298 this post hoc comparative analysis 1265:1298 this post hoc comparative analysis 1265:1298 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 11 95 from consideration 2140:2152 arg1 States 2201:2206 the United States 2190:2206 the United States 2190:2206 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 4 96 from foods 748:752 arg1 concentrations 572:585 concentrations 572:585 concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 572:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 0 97 from Concentrations 16:29 arg1 Brands 168:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 6 98 theme food 1140:1143 arg1 products 1145:1152 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products 1094:1152 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales 1094:1259 The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. 28169210 4 99 theme dietary 637:643 arg1 fiber 645:649 total dietary fiber 631:649 total dietary fiber 631:649 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 0 100 theme Total 96:100 arg1 Fat 116:118 Total and Saturated Fat 96:118 Total and Saturated Fat 96:118 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 101 from Comparison 2:11 arg1 States 250:255 the United States 239:255 the United States 239:255 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 102 theme Dietary 81:87 arg1 Fiber 89:93 Total Dietary Fiber 75:93 Total Dietary Fiber 75:93 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 5 103 theme Agriculture 884:894 arg1 Laboratory 849:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory 831:858 the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture 831:894 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 5 103 theme Agriculture 884:894 arg1 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 2014 825:828 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 11 104 theme sodium 1928:1933 arg1 Concentrations 1910:1923 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations 1898:1923 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) 1898:2030 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 4 105 theme sodium 590:595 arg1 concentrations 572:585 concentrations 572:585 concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 572:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 11 106 theme brand 2120:2124 arg1 consideration 2140:2152 a consideration 2138:2152 a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States 2138:2206 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 11 106 theme brand 2120:2124 arg1 type 2126:2129 brand type 2120:2129 brand type 2120:2129 CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. 28169210 0 107 from Sodium 34:39 arg1 Brands 168:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 Private-Label and National Brands 141:173 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 4 108 theme sodium-contributing 705:723 arg1 foods 748:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods 697:752 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 1 109 theme US 334:335 arg1 supermarkets 337:348 US supermarkets 334:348 US supermarkets 334:348 BACKGROUND Private-label brands account for about one in four foods sold in US supermarkets. 28169210 2 110 theme low 396:398 arg1 cost 400:403 their low cost 390:403 their low cost 390:403 They provide value to consumers due to their low cost. 28169210 0 111 theme Concentrations 16:29 arg1 Comparison 2:11 A Comparison 0:11 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 0:256 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 12 112 theme sodium-reduction 2318:2333 arg1 efforts 2335:2341 US sodium-reduction efforts 2315:2341 US sodium-reduction efforts 2315:2341 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 8 113 theme U 1630:1630 arg1 tests 1632:1636 Mann-Whitney U tests 1617:1636 Mann-Whitney U tests 1617:1636 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 28169210 0 114 theme Sodium 34:39 arg1 Concentrations 16:29 Concentrations 16:29 Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods 16:234 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 1 115 theme BACKGROUND 258:267 arg1 brands 283:288 BACKGROUND Private-label brands 258:288 BACKGROUND Private-label brands 258:288 BACKGROUND Private-label brands account for about one in four foods sold in US supermarkets. 28169210 5 116 theme brand 949:953 arg1 products 955:962 private-label and national brand products 922:962 private-label and national brand products 922:962 DESIGN During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. 28169210 12 117 theme brand 2290:2294 arg1 type 2296:2299 brand type 2290:2299 brand type 2290:2299 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 4 118 theme brand 757:761 arg1 brand 795:799 national or private-label brand 769:799 national or private-label brand 769:799 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 4 118 theme brand 757:761 arg1 type 763:766 brand type 757:766 brand type (national or private-label brand) 757:800 OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). 28169210 0 119 theme Related 45:51 arg1 Nutrients 53:61 Related Nutrients 45:61 Related Nutrients 45:61 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 120 dep Sodium 34:39 arg1 Potassium 64:72 Potassium 64:72 Potassium 64:72 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 120 dep Sodium 34:39 arg1 Fat 116:118 Total and Saturated Fat 96:118 Total and Saturated Fat 96:118 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 120 dep Sodium 34:39 arg1 Fiber 89:93 Total Dietary Fiber 75:93 Total Dietary Fiber 75:93 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 120 dep Sodium 34:39 arg1 Sugar 131:135 Total Sugar 125:135 Total Sugar 125:135 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 0 121 from Brands 168:173 arg1 Concentrations 16:29 Concentrations 16:29 Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods 16:234 A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States. 28169210 7 122 theme nutrient 1410:1417 arg1 contents 1419:1426 mean nutrient contents 1405:1426 mean nutrient contents 1405:1426 In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. 28169210 12 123 theme baseline 2261:2268 arg1 content 2279:2285 baseline nutrient content 2261:2285 baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts 2261:2341 The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. 28169210 3 124 theme US 420:421 arg1 studies 423:429 no US studies 417:429 no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products 417:530 We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. 28169210 8 125 theme brand 1570:1574 arg1 type 1576:1579 brand type 1570:1579 brand type 1570:1579 STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. 27940337 5 0 theme immobilization 648:661 arg1 yield 663:667 A maximum immobilization yield 638:667 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% 638:676 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 7 1 theme LXy 935:937 arg1 Immobilization 917:930 Immobilization 917:930 Immobilization of LXy onto NaAlg 917:948 Immobilization of LXy onto NaAlg increases the activation energy from 28.50Jmol-1K-1 to 39.38Jmol-1K-1. 27940337 6 2 theme pH 906:907 arg1 range 871:875 a wide range 864:875 a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10) 864:914 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 0 3 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 bead 59:62 an alginate bead 47:62 an alginate bead 47:62 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. 27940337 1 4 theme enzyme 266:271 arg1 technology 288:297 enzyme immobilization technology 266:297 enzyme immobilization technology 266:297 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 0 5 theme wide 95:98 arg1 pH 100:101 wide pH 95:101 wide pH 95:101 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. 27940337 1 6 theme immobilization 273:286 arg1 technology 288:297 enzyme immobilization technology 266:297 enzyme immobilization technology 266:297 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 5 7 theme sodium 709:714 arg1 alginate 716:723 sodium alginate 709:723 sodium alginate 709:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 % 698:698 2.13% 694:698 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate 694:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 time 777:780 curation time 768:780 curation time 768:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 w/v 701:703 w/v 701:703 w/v 701:703 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 % 730:730 2.14% 726:730 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride 726:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 chloride 749:756 calcium chloride 741:756 calcium chloride 741:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 64min 759:763 64min 759:763 64min of curation time 759:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 size 797:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 w/v 733:735 w/v 733:735 w/v 733:735 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 8 theme time 777:780 arg1 alginate 716:723 sodium alginate 709:723 sodium alginate 709:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 2 9 theme size 412:415 arg1 analyzer 417:424 particle size analyzer 403:424 particle size analyzer 403:424 Herein, we prepared levan-xylanase (LXy) nanohybrid and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and zeta potential. 27940337 5 10 theme calcium 741:747 arg1 chloride 749:756 calcium chloride 741:756 calcium chloride 741:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 3 11 from nanohybrid 485:494 arg1 leakage 468:474 the enzyme leakage 457:474 the enzyme leakage from the nanohybrid 457:494 To prevent the enzyme leakage from the nanohybrid, LXy was immobilized onto an alginate beads (NaAlg). 27940337 2 12 theme particle 403:410 arg1 analyzer 417:424 particle size analyzer 403:424 particle size analyzer 403:424 Herein, we prepared levan-xylanase (LXy) nanohybrid and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and zeta potential. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 % 698:698 2.13% 694:698 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate 694:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 time 777:780 curation time 768:780 curation time 768:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 w/v 701:703 w/v 701:703 w/v 701:703 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 % 730:730 2.14% 726:730 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride 726:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 chloride 749:756 calcium chloride 741:756 calcium chloride 741:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 64min 759:763 64min 759:763 64min of curation time 759:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 size 797:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 w/v 733:735 w/v 733:735 w/v 733:735 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 13 theme chloride 749:756 arg1 alginate 716:723 sodium alginate 709:723 sodium alginate 709:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 4 14 theme Immobilization 549:562 arg1 yield 564:568 Immobilization yield 549:568 Immobilization yield 549:568 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 27940337 1 15 theme based 176:180 arg1 levan 158:162 levan 158:162 levan 158:162 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 1 15 theme based 176:180 arg1 polysaccharide 190:203 a fructose based natural polysaccharide 165:203 a fructose based natural polysaccharide 165:203 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 1 16 theme technology 288:297 arg1 development 251:261 the development 247:261 the development of enzyme immobilization technology 247:297 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 5 17 theme maximum 640:646 arg1 yield 663:667 A maximum immobilization yield 638:667 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% 638:676 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 1 18 theme natural 182:188 arg1 levan 158:162 levan 158:162 levan 158:162 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 1 18 theme natural 182:188 arg1 polysaccharide 190:203 a fructose based natural polysaccharide 165:203 a fructose based natural polysaccharide 165:203 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 0 19 theme nanohybrid 33:42 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead 0:62 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. 27940337 2 20 theme scanning 373:380 arg1 microscopy 391:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 Herein, we prepared levan-xylanase (LXy) nanohybrid and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and zeta potential. 27940337 5 21 theme curation 768:775 arg1 time 777:780 curation time 768:780 curation time 768:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 0 22 theme levan-xylanase 18:31 arg1 nanohybrid 33:42 levan-xylanase nanohybrid 18:42 levan-xylanase nanohybrid 18:42 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. 27940337 7 23 from 28.50Jmol-1K-1 987:1000 arg1 energy 975:980 the activation energy 960:980 the activation energy from 28.50Jmol-1K-1 to 39.38Jmol-1K-1 960:1018 Immobilization of LXy onto NaAlg increases the activation energy from 28.50Jmol-1K-1 to 39.38Jmol-1K-1. 27940337 7 24 theme activation 964:973 arg1 energy 975:980 the activation energy 960:980 the activation energy from 28.50Jmol-1K-1 to 39.38Jmol-1K-1 960:1018 Immobilization of LXy onto NaAlg increases the activation energy from 28.50Jmol-1K-1 to 39.38Jmol-1K-1. 27940337 6 25 theme Immobilized 803:813 arg1 LXy 815:817 Immobilized LXy 803:817 Immobilized LXy 803:817 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 2 26 theme zeta 430:433 arg1 potential 435:443 zeta potential 430:443 zeta potential 430:443 Herein, we prepared levan-xylanase (LXy) nanohybrid and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and zeta potential. 27940337 3 27 theme enzyme 461:466 arg1 leakage 468:474 the enzyme leakage 457:474 the enzyme leakage from the nanohybrid 457:494 To prevent the enzyme leakage from the nanohybrid, LXy was immobilized onto an alginate beads (NaAlg). 27940337 5 28 theme bead 792:795 arg1 size 797:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 6 29 theme wide 866:869 arg1 range 871:875 a wide range 864:875 a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10) 864:914 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 % 698:698 2.13% 694:698 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate 694:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 time 777:780 curation time 768:780 curation time 768:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 w/v 701:703 w/v 701:703 w/v 701:703 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 % 730:730 2.14% 726:730 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride 726:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 chloride 749:756 calcium chloride 741:756 calcium chloride 741:756 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 64min 759:763 64min 759:763 64min of curation time 759:780 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 size 797:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 w/v 733:735 w/v 733:735 w/v 733:735 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 30 theme alginate 716:723 arg1 alginate 716:723 sodium alginate 709:723 sodium alginate 709:723 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 5 31 theme % 676:676 arg1 yield 663:667 A maximum immobilization yield 638:667 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% 638:676 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 6 32 theme temperature 880:890 arg1 range 871:875 a wide range 864:875 a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10) 864:914 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 0 33 theme alginate 50:57 arg1 bead 59:62 an alginate bead 47:62 an alginate bead 47:62 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. 27940337 6 34 theme activity 852:859 arg1 activity 852:859 the enzyme activity 841:859 the enzyme activity 841:859 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 6 34 theme activity 852:859 arg1 % 836:836 nearly 80% 827:836 nearly 80% of the enzyme activity 827:859 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 1 35 theme significant 222:232 arg1 attention 234:242 significant attention 222:242 significant attention 222:242 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 1 36 theme sustainable 132:142 arg1 availability 144:155 the sustainable availability 128:155 the sustainable availability 128:155 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 0 37 theme xylanase 73:80 arg1 stability 82:90 xylanase stability 73:90 xylanase stability 73:90 Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. 27940337 5 38 theme 1.4mm 786:790 arg1 size 797:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 1.4mm bead size 786:800 A maximum immobilization yield of 95.3% was achieved at 2.13% (w/v) of sodium alginate, 2.14% (w/v) of calcium chloride, 64min of curation time and 1.4mm bead size. 27940337 2 39 theme electron 382:389 arg1 microscopy 391:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 Herein, we prepared levan-xylanase (LXy) nanohybrid and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and zeta potential. 27940337 1 40 theme fructose 167:174 arg1 levan 158:162 levan 158:162 levan 158:162 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 1 40 theme fructose 167:174 arg1 polysaccharide 190:203 a fructose based natural polysaccharide 165:203 a fructose based natural polysaccharide 165:203 Despite the sustainable availability, levan, a fructose based natural polysaccharide has not received significant attention in the development of enzyme immobilization technology. 27940337 4 41 theme composite 620:628 arg1 design 630:635 central composite design 612:635 central composite design 612:635 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 27940337 4 41 theme composite 620:628 arg1 method 604:609 a statistical method 590:609 a statistical method 590:609 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 27940337 4 42 theme statistical 592:602 arg1 design 630:635 central composite design 612:635 central composite design 612:635 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 27940337 4 42 theme statistical 592:602 arg1 method 604:609 a statistical method 590:609 a statistical method 590:609 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 27940337 6 43 theme enzyme 845:850 arg1 activity 852:859 the enzyme activity 841:859 the enzyme activity 841:859 Immobilized LXy retains nearly 80% of the enzyme activity at a wide range of temperature (20-90°C) and pH (3-10). 27940337 8 44 theme enzyme 1101:1106 arg1 stability 1108:1116 the enzyme stability 1097:1116 the enzyme stability 1097:1116 Collectively, this result implies that LXy immobilized onto NaAlg increases the enzyme stability and retains its activity. 27940337 3 45 theme alginate 525:532 arg1 NaAlg 541:545 NaAlg 541:545 NaAlg 541:545 To prevent the enzyme leakage from the nanohybrid, LXy was immobilized onto an alginate beads (NaAlg). 27940337 3 45 theme alginate 525:532 arg1 beads 534:538 an alginate beads 522:538 an alginate beads (NaAlg) 522:546 To prevent the enzyme leakage from the nanohybrid, LXy was immobilized onto an alginate beads (NaAlg). 27940337 4 46 theme central 612:618 arg1 design 630:635 central composite design 612:635 central composite design 612:635 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 27940337 4 46 theme central 612:618 arg1 method 604:609 a statistical method 590:609 a statistical method 590:609 Immobilization yield was optimized using a statistical method, central composite design. 28218451 9 0 theme modulatory 1523:1532 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 1534:1548 enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae 1514:1548 enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae 1514:1548 Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that ITF(l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. 28218451 6 1 theme Th17 950:953 arg1 cells 955:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 2 2 theme fructans 334:341 arg1 effects 311:317 modulatory effects 300:317 modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice 300:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 1 3 theme diabetes 260:267 arg1 progression 238:248 the progression 234:248 the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) 234:273 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 10 4 theme function 1708:1715 arg1 modulation 1661:1670 modulation 1661:1670 modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis 1661:1743 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 3 5 theme diabetic 524:531 arg1 mice 533:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 2 6 with fibers 375:380 arg1 degrees 397:403 different degrees 387:403 different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 387:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 3 7 theme Female 508:513 arg1 mice 533:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 5 8 theme ITF 765:767 arg1 supplementation 772:786 ITF(s) supplementation 765:786 ITF(l) but not ITF(s) supplementation 750:786 ITF(l) but not ITF(s) supplementation dampened the incidence of T1D. 28218451 7 9 from inflammasome 1119:1130 arg1 colon 1139:1143 the colon 1135:1143 the colon 1135:1143 Furthermore, ITF(l) suppressed NOD like receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon. 28218451 1 10 theme microbiota 204:213 arg1 homeostasis 215:225 microbiota homeostasis 204:225 microbiota homeostasis 204:225 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 2 11 from development 449:459 arg1 mice 482:485 nonobese diabetic mice 464:485 nonobese diabetic mice 464:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 6 12 theme ITF 819:821 arg1 l 823:823 ITF(l) 819:824 ITF(l) 819:824 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 8 13 theme short-chain 1323:1333 arg1 acid 1341:1344 short-chain fatty acid 1323:1344 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 10 14 theme T1D 1653:1655 arg1 development 1638:1648 the development 1634:1648 the development of T1D 1634:1655 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 8 15 theme acid 1341:1344 arg1 production 1346:1355 short-chain fatty acid production 1323:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 16 theme antimicrobial 1228:1240 arg1 peptides 1242:1249 antimicrobial peptides 1228:1249 antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1 1228:1262 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 6 17 theme increased 880:888 arg1 cells 921:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 2 18 theme diabetic 473:480 arg1 mice 482:485 nonobese diabetic mice 464:485 nonobese diabetic mice 464:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 10 19 theme gut-pancreatic 1675:1688 arg1 immunity 1690:1697 gut-pancreatic immunity 1675:1697 gut-pancreatic immunity 1675:1697 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 1 20 theme Dietary 152:158 arg1 fibers 160:165 SCOPE Dietary fibers 146:165 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis 146:225 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 8 21 theme reinforcing 1168:1178 arg1 proteins 1195:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins 1160:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2 1160:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 21 theme reinforcing 1168:1178 arg1 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 21 theme reinforcing 1168:1178 arg1 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 0 22 theme gut 86:88 arg1 immunity 90:97 gut immunity 86:97 gut immunity 86:97 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 1 23 theme capable 167:173 arg1 fibers 160:165 SCOPE Dietary fibers 146:165 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis 146:225 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 8 24 theme junction 1186:1193 arg1 proteins 1195:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins 1160:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2 1160:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 24 theme junction 1186:1193 arg1 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 24 theme junction 1186:1193 arg1 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 6 25 theme T-cell 846:851 arg1 responses 853:861 modulatory T-cell responses 835:861 modulatory T-cell responses 835:861 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 2 26 from root 436:439 arg1 fermentability 408:421 fermentability 408:421 fermentability from chicory root 408:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 26 from root 436:439 arg1 degrees 397:403 different degrees 387:403 different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 387:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 4 27 theme gut 686:688 arg1 function 698:705 gut barrier function 686:705 gut barrier function 686:705 T1D incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function, and microbiota composition were analyzed. 28218451 2 28 theme dietary 367:373 arg1 fructans 334:341 inulin-type fructans 322:341 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) 322:348 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 28 theme dietary 367:373 arg1 fibers 375:380 natural soluble dietary fibers 351:380 natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 351:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 6 29 theme decreased 928:936 arg1 cells 955:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 2 30 theme chicory 428:434 arg1 root 436:439 chicory root 428:439 chicory root 428:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 31 theme natural 351:357 arg1 fructans 334:341 inulin-type fructans 322:341 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) 322:348 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 31 theme natural 351:357 arg1 fibers 375:380 natural soluble dietary fibers 351:380 natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 351:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 0 32 theme Specific 0:7 arg1 fibers 29:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers 0:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers 0:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 2 33 theme fermentability 408:421 arg1 degrees 397:403 different degrees 387:403 different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 387:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 10 34 theme immunity 1690:1697 arg1 modulation 1661:1670 modulation 1661:1670 modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis 1661:1743 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 4 35 theme pancreatic-gut 653:666 arg1 responses 675:683 pancreatic-gut immune responses 653:683 pancreatic-gut immune responses 653:683 T1D incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function, and microbiota composition were analyzed. 28218451 6 36 from profile 996:1002 arg1 spleen 1021:1026 spleen 1021:1026 spleen 1021:1026 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 36 from profile 996:1002 arg1 colon 1033:1037 colon 1033:1037 colon 1033:1037 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 36 from profile 996:1002 arg1 pancreas 1011:1018 the pancreas 1007:1018 the pancreas 1007:1018 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 0 37 theme fructan 21:27 arg1 fibers 29:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers 0:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers 0:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 6 38 theme regulatory 908:917 arg1 cells 921:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 2 39 theme T1D 445:447 arg1 development 449:459 T1D development 445:459 T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice 445:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 10 40 dep CONCLUSION 1568:1577 arg1 demonstrate 1588:1598 demonstrate 1588:1598 demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis 1588:1743 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 6 41 theme Foxp3+ 896:901 arg1 cells 921:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 3 42 theme ITF 592:594 arg1 s 596:596 ITF(s) 592:597 ITF(s), 5%] 592:602 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 2 43 theme inulin-type 322:332 arg1 ITFs 344:347 ITFs 344:347 ITFs 344:347 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 43 theme inulin-type 322:332 arg1 fibers 375:380 natural soluble dietary fibers 351:380 natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 351:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 43 theme inulin-type 322:332 arg1 fructans 334:341 inulin-type fructans 322:341 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) 322:348 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 0 44 theme autoimmune 52:61 arg1 diabetes 63:70 autoimmune diabetes 52:70 autoimmune diabetes 52:70 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 3 45 dep weeks 631:635 arg1 up 622:623 up 622:623 up 622:623 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 6 46 theme cytokine 976:983 arg1 profile 996:1002 modulated cytokine production profile 966:1002 modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon 966:1037 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 8 47 theme antimicrobial 1290:1302 arg1 peptide 1304:1310 cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide 1269:1310 cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide 1269:1310 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 4 48 theme microbiota 712:721 arg1 composition 723:733 microbiota composition 712:733 microbiota composition 712:733 T1D incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function, and microbiota composition were analyzed. 28218451 5 49 theme s 769:769 arg1 supplementation 772:786 ITF(s) supplementation 765:786 ITF(l) but not ITF(s) supplementation 750:786 ITF(l) but not ITF(s) supplementation dampened the incidence of T1D. 28218451 10 50 theme homeostasis 1733:1743 arg1 modulation 1661:1670 modulation 1661:1670 modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis 1661:1743 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 3 51 theme METHODS 488:494 arg1 mice 533:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 9 52 theme enriched 1514:1521 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 1534:1548 enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae 1514:1548 enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae 1514:1548 Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that ITF(l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. 28218451 2 53 from degrees 397:403 arg1 root 436:439 chicory root 428:439 chicory root 428:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 7 54 theme receptor 1080:1087 arg1 inflammasome 1119:1130 receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome 1080:1130 receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon 1080:1143 Furthermore, ITF(l) suppressed NOD like receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon. 28218451 6 55 from cells 955:959 arg1 spleen 1021:1026 spleen 1021:1026 spleen 1021:1026 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 55 from cells 955:959 arg1 colon 1033:1037 colon 1033:1037 colon 1033:1037 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 55 from cells 955:959 arg1 pancreas 1011:1018 the pancreas 1007:1018 the pancreas 1007:1018 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 1 56 theme type 253:256 arg1 diabetes 260:267 type 1 diabetes (T1D) 253:273 type 1 diabetes (T1D) 253:273 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 1 56 theme type 253:256 arg1 T1D 270:272 T1D 270:272 T1D 270:272 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 2 57 from effects 311:317 arg1 development 449:459 T1D development 445:459 T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice 445:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 6 58 theme CD4+ 945:948 arg1 cells 955:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 3 59 theme supplemented 604:615 arg1 diet 617:620 supplemented diet 604:620 supplemented diet 604:620 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 6 60 from cells 921:925 arg1 spleen 1021:1026 spleen 1021:1026 spleen 1021:1026 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 60 from cells 921:925 arg1 colon 1033:1037 colon 1033:1037 colon 1033:1037 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 60 from cells 921:925 arg1 pancreas 1011:1018 the pancreas 1007:1018 the pancreas 1007:1018 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 3 61 theme nonobese 515:522 arg1 mice 533:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 6 62 theme production 985:994 arg1 profile 996:1002 modulated cytokine production profile 966:1002 modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon 966:1037 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 3 63 theme RESULTS 500:506 arg1 mice 533:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice 488:536 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 3 64 dep long- 553:557 arg1 diet 617:620 supplemented diet 604:620 supplemented diet 604:620 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 3 64 dep long- 553:557 arg1 l 585:585 [ITF(l) 580:586 [ITF(l) 580:586 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 1 65 theme gut 188:190 arg1 barrier 192:198 gut barrier 188:198 gut barrier 188:198 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 6 66 theme modulatory 835:844 arg1 responses 853:861 modulatory T-cell responses 835:861 modulatory T-cell responses 835:861 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 0 67 theme microbiota 122:131 arg1 homeostasis 133:143 microbiota homeostasis 122:143 microbiota homeostasis 122:143 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 8 68 dep peptides 1242:1249 arg1 β-defensin-1 1251:1262 β-defensin-1 1251:1262 antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1 1228:1262 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 9 69 theme sequencing 1398:1407 arg1 analysis 1409:1416 Next-generation sequencing analysis 1382:1416 Next-generation sequencing analysis 1382:1416 Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that ITF(l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. 28218451 3 70 theme short-chain 563:573 arg1 ITFs 575:578 short-chain ITFs 563:578 short-chain ITFs 563:578 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 8 71 theme fatty 1335:1339 arg1 acid 1341:1344 short-chain fatty acid 1323:1344 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 10 72 theme barrier 1700:1706 arg1 function 1708:1715 barrier function 1700:1715 barrier function 1700:1715 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 6 73 theme CD25+ 890:894 arg1 cells 921:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 6 74 theme modulated 966:974 arg1 profile 996:1002 modulated cytokine production profile 966:1002 modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon 966:1037 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 3 75 theme [ITF 580:583 arg1 l 585:585 [ITF(l) 580:586 [ITF(l) 580:586 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 28218451 1 76 theme SCOPE 146:150 arg1 fibers 160:165 SCOPE Dietary fibers 146:165 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis 146:225 SCOPE Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis affect the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28218451 2 77 theme nonobese 464:471 arg1 mice 482:485 nonobese diabetic mice 464:485 nonobese diabetic mice 464:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 8 78 theme ITF 1374:1376 arg1 l 1378:1378 ITF(l) 1374:1379 ITF(l) 1374:1379 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 9 79 theme Next-generation 1382:1396 arg1 analysis 1409:1416 Next-generation sequencing analysis 1382:1416 Next-generation sequencing analysis 1382:1416 Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that ITF(l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. 28218451 8 80 theme barrier 1160:1166 arg1 proteins 1195:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins 1160:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2 1160:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 80 theme barrier 1160:1166 arg1 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 80 theme barrier 1160:1166 arg1 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 0 81 theme barrier 100:106 arg1 function 108:115 barrier function 100:115 barrier function 100:115 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 8 82 theme cathelicidin-related 1269:1288 arg1 peptide 1304:1310 cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide 1269:1310 cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide 1269:1310 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 83 theme tight 1180:1184 arg1 proteins 1195:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins 1160:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2 1160:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 83 theme tight 1180:1184 arg1 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 83 theme tight 1180:1184 arg1 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 4 84 theme immune 668:673 arg1 responses 675:683 pancreatic-gut immune responses 653:683 pancreatic-gut immune responses 653:683 T1D incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function, and microbiota composition were analyzed. 28218451 8 85 dep proteins 1195:1202 arg1 proteins 1195:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins 1160:1202 barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2 1160:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 85 dep proteins 1195:1202 arg1 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 claudin-2 1217:1225 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 85 dep proteins 1195:1202 arg1 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 occludin 1204:1211 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 6 86 theme IL17A+ 938:943 arg1 cells 955:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells 928:959 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 8 87 theme proteins 1195:1202 arg1 production 1346:1355 short-chain fatty acid production 1323:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 87 theme proteins 1195:1202 arg1 Expression 1146:1155 Expression 1146:1155 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 2 88 theme soluble 359:365 arg1 fructans 334:341 inulin-type fructans 322:341 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) 322:348 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 2 88 theme soluble 359:365 arg1 fibers 375:380 natural soluble dietary fibers 351:380 natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 351:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 0 89 theme inulin-type 9:19 arg1 fibers 29:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers 0:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers 0:34 Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 5 90 theme T1D 814:816 arg1 incidence 801:809 the incidence 797:809 the incidence of T1D 797:816 ITF(l) but not ITF(s) supplementation dampened the incidence of T1D. 28218451 4 91 theme T1D 638:640 arg1 incidence 642:650 T1D incidence 638:650 T1D incidence 638:650 T1D incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function, and microbiota composition were analyzed. 28218451 6 92 theme T 919:919 arg1 cells 921:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 10 93 theme microbiota 1722:1731 arg1 homeostasis 1733:1743 microbiota homeostasis 1722:1743 microbiota homeostasis 1722:1743 CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ITF(l) but not ITF(s) delays the development of T1D via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. 28218451 2 94 theme different 387:395 arg1 degrees 397:403 different degrees 387:403 different degrees of fermentability from chicory root 387:439 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 9 95 theme Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes 1448:1471 arg1 ratio 1473:1477 Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1448:1477 Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance 1448:1508 Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that ITF(l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. 28218451 6 96 theme CD4+ 903:906 arg1 cells 921:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells 880:925 ITF(l) promoted modulatory T-cell responses, as evidenced by increased CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, decreased IL17A+ CD4+ Th17 cells, and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen, and colon. 28218451 8 97 theme peptides 1242:1249 arg1 production 1346:1355 short-chain fatty acid production 1323:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 97 theme peptides 1242:1249 arg1 Expression 1146:1155 Expression 1146:1155 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 7 98 theme caspase-1-p20-IL-1β 1099:1117 arg1 inflammasome 1119:1130 receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome 1080:1130 receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon 1080:1143 Furthermore, ITF(l) suppressed NOD like receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon. 28218451 9 99 theme antidiabetogenic 1485:1500 arg1 balance 1502:1508 an antidiabetogenic balance 1482:1508 an antidiabetogenic balance 1482:1508 Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that ITF(l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an antidiabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. 28218451 7 100 theme protein 1089:1095 arg1 inflammasome 1119:1130 receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome 1080:1130 receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon 1080:1143 Furthermore, ITF(l) suppressed NOD like receptor protein 3 caspase-1-p20-IL-1β inflammasome in the colon. 28218451 4 101 theme barrier 690:696 arg1 function 698:705 gut barrier function 686:705 gut barrier function 686:705 T1D incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function, and microbiota composition were analyzed. 28218451 2 102 theme modulatory 300:309 arg1 effects 311:317 modulatory effects 300:317 modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice 300:485 Here, we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on T1D development in nonobese diabetic mice. 28218451 8 103 theme peptide 1304:1310 arg1 production 1346:1355 short-chain fatty acid production 1323:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 8 103 theme peptide 1304:1310 arg1 Expression 1146:1155 Expression 1146:1155 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production 1146:1355 Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as short-chain fatty acid production were enhanced by ITF(l). 28218451 3 104 dep s 596:596 arg1 % 601:601 5% 600:601 5% 600:601 METHODS AND RESULTS Female nonobese diabetic mice were weaned to long- and short-chain ITFs [ITF(l) and ITF(s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. 27602592 3 0 from analysis 420:427 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy 453:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 453:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 6 1 theme ethanol 923:929 arg1 production 931:940 ethanol production 923:940 ethanol production from starch 923:952 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 4 2 from profiles 619:626 arg1 samples 667:673 commercial beer samples 651:673 commercial beer samples 651:673 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 5 3 theme Spectroscopic 676:688 arg1 profiles 690:697 Spectroscopic profiles 676:697 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments 676:732 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 7 4 theme fragment 1029:1036 arg1 mixtures 1038:1045 homooligomeric fragment mixtures 1014:1045 homooligomeric fragment mixtures 1014:1045 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 1 5 theme carbon 156:161 arg1 source 146:151 a renewable and degradable source 119:151 a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy 119:172 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 1 5 theme carbon 156:161 arg1 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 3 6 theme starch 365:370 arg1 fragmentation 372:384 starch fragmentation 365:384 starch fragmentation 365:384 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 6 7 theme fragments 853:861 arg1 composition 831:841 composition 831:841 composition 831:841 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 6 7 theme fragments 853:861 arg1 structure 817:825 structure 817:825 structure 817:825 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 3 8 theme fragmentation 372:384 arg1 detail 355:360 considerable molecular detail 332:360 considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation 332:384 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 7 9 theme useful 1097:1102 arg1 addition 1104:1111 a useful addition 1095:1111 a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization 1095:1186 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 6 10 theme starch 846:851 arg1 fragments 853:861 starch fragments 846:861 starch fragments 846:861 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 6 11 dep structure 817:825 arg1 the 813:815 the 813:815 the 813:815 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 6 12 from differences 798:808 arg1 composition 831:841 composition 831:841 composition 831:841 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 6 12 from differences 798:808 arg1 structure 817:825 structure 817:825 structure 817:825 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 6 13 from starch 947:952 arg1 production 931:940 ethanol production 923:940 ethanol production from starch 923:952 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 3 14 from processes 554:562 arg1 utilization 574:584 starch utilization 567:584 starch utilization 567:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 3 15 theme optimized 453:461 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy 453:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 453:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 7 16 with conjunction 1050:1060 arg1 methods 1079:1085 chemometric methods 1067:1085 chemometric methods 1067:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 7 17 theme biotechnological 1152:1167 arg1 utilization 1176:1186 biotechnological starch utilization 1152:1186 biotechnological starch utilization 1152:1186 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 3 18 theme starch 567:572 arg1 utilization 574:584 starch utilization 567:584 starch utilization 567:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 1 19 theme energy 167:172 arg1 source 146:151 a renewable and degradable source 119:151 a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy 119:172 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 1 19 theme energy 167:172 arg1 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 0 20 theme NMR-Based 7:15 arg1 Profiling 17:25 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling 0:25 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization 0:64 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization. 27602592 6 21 contain have 863:866 arg1 differences 798:808 differences 798:808 differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments 798:861 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 6 21 contain have 863:866 arg2 value 879:883 predictive value 868:883 predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch 868:952 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 7 22 theme starch 1169:1174 arg1 utilization 1176:1186 biotechnological starch utilization 1152:1186 biotechnological starch utilization 1152:1186 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 1 23 theme food- 85:89 arg1 applications 103:114 food- and nonfood applications 85:114 food- and nonfood applications 85:114 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 7 24 theme analytical 1120:1129 arg1 toolbox 1141:1147 the analytical chemistry toolbox 1116:1147 the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization 1116:1186 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 3 25 theme features 441:448 arg1 analysis 420:427 multivariate analysis 407:427 multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 407:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 0 26 theme 1H-13C 0:5 arg1 Profiling 17:25 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling 0:25 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization 0:64 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization. 27602592 7 27 theme utilization 1176:1186 arg1 toolbox 1141:1147 the analytical chemistry toolbox 1116:1147 the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization 1116:1186 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 7 28 theme 1H-13C 977:982 arg1 profiles 1002:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles 961:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods 961:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 7 29 theme NMR 984:986 arg1 profiles 1002:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles 961:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods 961:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 1 30 theme nonfood 95:101 arg1 applications 103:114 food- and nonfood applications 85:114 food- and nonfood applications 85:114 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 4 31 theme commercial 651:660 arg1 samples 667:673 commercial beer samples 651:673 commercial beer samples 651:673 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 5 32 theme excellent 741:749 arg1 indicators 751:760 excellent indicators 741:760 excellent indicators of process conditions 741:782 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 7 33 theme homooligomeric 1014:1027 arg1 mixtures 1038:1045 homooligomeric fragment mixtures 1014:1045 homooligomeric fragment mixtures 1014:1045 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 3 34 theme starch 490:495 arg1 fragments 497:505 starch fragments 490:505 starch fragments 490:505 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 0 35 theme Starch 47:52 arg1 Utilization 54:64 Biotechnological Starch Utilization 30:64 Biotechnological Starch Utilization 30:64 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization. 27602592 4 36 theme case 592:595 arg1 profiles 619:626 the profiles 615:626 the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples 615:673 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 4 36 theme case 592:595 arg1 study 597:601 a case study 590:601 a case study 590:601 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 7 37 theme chemistry 1131:1139 arg1 toolbox 1141:1147 the analytical chemistry toolbox 1116:1147 the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization 1116:1186 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 3 38 theme NMR 470:472 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy 453:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 453:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 0 39 theme Biotechnological 30:45 arg1 Utilization 54:64 Biotechnological Starch Utilization 30:64 Biotechnological Starch Utilization 30:64 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization. 27602592 3 40 theme spectral 432:439 arg1 features 441:448 spectral features 432:448 spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 432:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 5 41 theme conditions 773:782 arg1 indicators 751:760 excellent indicators 741:760 excellent indicators of process conditions 741:782 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 2 42 theme degradation 218:228 arg1 detail 201:206 the chemical detail 188:206 the chemical detail of starch degradation 188:228 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 4 43 theme beer 662:665 arg1 samples 667:673 commercial beer samples 651:673 commercial beer samples 651:673 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 3 44 theme multivariate 407:418 arg1 analysis 420:427 multivariate analysis 407:427 multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 407:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 5 45 theme process 765:771 arg1 conditions 773:782 process conditions 765:782 process conditions 765:782 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 5 46 theme homooligomeric 702:715 arg1 fragments 724:732 homooligomeric starch fragments 702:732 homooligomeric starch fragments 702:732 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 6 47 theme process 900:906 arg1 output 908:913 downstream process output 889:913 downstream process output 889:913 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 2 48 theme starch 211:216 arg1 degradation 218:228 starch degradation 211:228 starch degradation 211:228 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 3 49 from spectroscopy 474:485 arg1 analysis 420:427 multivariate analysis 407:427 multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 407:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 0 50 theme Utilization 54:64 arg1 Profiling 17:25 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling 0:25 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization 0:64 1H-13C NMR-Based Profiling of Biotechnological Starch Utilization. 27602592 5 51 theme starch 717:722 arg1 fragments 724:732 homooligomeric starch fragments 702:732 homooligomeric starch fragments 702:732 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 6 52 theme downstream 889:898 arg1 output 908:913 downstream process output 889:913 downstream process output 889:913 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 7 53 theme spectroscopic 988:1000 arg1 profiles 1002:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles 961:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods 961:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 3 54 theme relevant 519:526 arg1 features 528:535 relevant features 519:535 relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 519:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 7 55 from profiles 1002:1009 arg1 conjunction 1050:1060 conjunction 1050:1060 conjunction with chemometric methods 1050:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 5 56 theme fragments 724:732 arg1 profiles 690:697 Spectroscopic profiles 676:697 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments 676:732 Spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric starch fragments can be excellent indicators of process conditions. 27602592 2 57 theme chemical 192:199 arg1 detail 201:206 the chemical detail 188:206 the chemical detail of starch degradation 188:228 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 2 58 theme starch 257:262 arg1 homopolymers 305:316 homopolymers 305:316 homopolymers 305:316 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 2 58 theme starch 257:262 arg1 constituents 264:275 the starch constituents 253:275 the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin 253:299 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 2 58 theme starch 257:262 arg1 amylopectin 289:299 amylopectin 289:299 amylopectin 289:299 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 2 58 theme starch 257:262 arg1 amylose 277:283 amylose 277:283 amylose 277:283 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 7 59 theme mixtures 1038:1045 arg1 profiles 1002:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles 961:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods 961:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 1 60 theme renewable 121:129 arg1 source 146:151 a renewable and degradable source 119:151 a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy 119:172 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 1 60 theme renewable 121:129 arg1 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 7 61 theme high-resolution 961:975 arg1 profiles 1002:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles 961:1009 high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods 961:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 3 62 from features 441:448 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy 453:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 453:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 1 63 used used 77:80 arg2 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 1 63 used used 77:80 arg2 source 146:151 a renewable and degradable source 119:151 a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy 119:172 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 3 64 theme fragments 497:505 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy 453:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 453:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 3 65 theme considerable 332:343 arg1 detail 355:360 considerable molecular detail 332:360 considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation 332:384 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 6 66 theme predictive 868:877 arg1 value 879:883 predictive value 868:883 predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch 868:952 In addition, differences in the structure and composition of starch fragments have predictive value for downstream process output such as ethanol production from starch. 27602592 7 67 theme chemometric 1067:1077 arg1 methods 1079:1085 chemometric methods 1067:1085 chemometric methods 1067:1085 Thus, high-resolution 1H-13C NMR spectroscopic profiles of homooligomeric fragment mixtures in conjunction with chemometric methods provide a useful addition to the analytical chemistry toolbox of biotechnological starch utilization. 27602592 1 68 theme degradable 135:144 arg1 source 146:151 a renewable and degradable source 119:151 a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy 119:172 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 1 68 theme degradable 135:144 arg1 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch 67:72 Starch is used in food- and nonfood applications as a renewable and degradable source of carbon and energy. 27602592 3 69 theme 1H-13C 463:468 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy 453:485 optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization 453:584 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 4 70 theme fragments 638:646 arg1 profiles 619:626 the profiles 615:626 the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples 615:673 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 4 70 theme fragments 638:646 arg1 study 597:601 a case study 590:601 a case study 590:601 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 27602592 3 71 theme molecular 345:353 arg1 detail 355:360 considerable molecular detail 332:360 considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation 332:384 We show that considerable molecular detail of starch fragmentation can be obtained from multivariate analysis of spectral features in optimized 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of starch fragments to identify relevant features that distinguish processes in starch utilization. 27602592 2 72 dep constituents 264:275 arg1 constituents 264:275 the starch constituents 253:275 the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin 253:299 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 2 72 dep constituents 264:275 arg1 amylopectin 289:299 amylopectin 289:299 amylopectin 289:299 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 2 72 dep constituents 264:275 arg1 amylose 277:283 amylose 277:283 amylose 277:283 Insight into the chemical detail of starch degradation remains challenging as the starch constituents amylose and amylopectin are homopolymers. 27602592 4 73 theme starch 631:636 arg1 fragments 638:646 starch fragments 631:646 starch fragments 631:646 As a case study, we compare the profiles of starch fragments in commercial beer samples. 26435145 3 0 dep features 671:678 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 0 dep features 671:678 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 4 1 theme 1→3 929:931 arg1 -D-GlcNAc→ 933:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 3 2 theme -[α-D-Glc- 786:795 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 2 theme -[α-D-Glc- 786:795 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 1 3 theme typhus 234:239 arg1 typhi 194:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 3 theme typhus 234:239 arg1 agent 217:221 the etiological agent 201:221 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 201:239 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 0 4 theme etiological 62:72 arg1 agent 74:78 the etiological agent 58:78 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 58:96 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 0 4 theme etiological 62:72 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi 0:55 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 3 5 theme following 650:658 arg1 features 671:678 the following structural features 646:678 the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→ 646:828 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 5 6 theme serological 1176:1186 arg1 cross-reactivity 1188:1203 the observed serological cross-reactivity 1163:1203 the observed serological cross-reactivity 1163:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 1 7 theme lipopolysaccharide 153:170 arg1 Elucidation 99:109 Elucidation 99:109 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, 99:240 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 5 8 theme Proteus 1112:1118 arg1 vulgaris 1120:1127 Proteus vulgaris OX19 1112:1132 Proteus vulgaris OX19 1112:1132 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 0 9 theme endemic 83:89 arg1 typhus 91:96 endemic typhus 83:96 endemic typhus 83:96 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 3 10 theme structural 660:669 arg1 features 671:678 the following structural features 646:678 the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→ 646:828 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 11 theme 1→4 782:784 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 11 theme 1→4 782:784 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 12 theme 1→4 693:695 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 12 theme 1→4 693:695 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 1 13 theme O-specific 118:127 arg1 chain 144:148 the O-specific polysaccharide chain 114:148 the O-specific polysaccharide chain 114:148 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 2 14 theme HF 493:494 arg1 degradation 502:512 its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 475:512 its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 475:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 5 15 from epitope 1083:1089 arg1 O-antigens 1098:1107 the O-antigens 1094:1107 the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity 1094:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 4 16 theme 1→3 912:914 arg1 -D-GlcNAc→ 933:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 2 17 theme Structural 256:265 arg1 information 267:277 Structural information 256:277 Structural information 256:277 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 5 18 theme observed 1167:1174 arg1 cross-reactivity 1188:1203 the observed serological cross-reactivity 1163:1203 the observed serological cross-reactivity 1163:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 0 19 theme typhus 91:96 arg1 agent 74:78 the etiological agent 58:78 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 58:96 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 0 19 theme typhus 91:96 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi 0:55 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 3 20 theme α-L-QuiNAc- 681:691 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 20 theme α-L-QuiNAc- 681:691 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 5 21 theme vulgaris 1120:1127 arg1 O-antigens 1098:1107 the O-antigens 1094:1107 the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity 1094:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 4 22 theme a branching 984:994 arg1 point 996:1000 a branching point 984:1000 a branching point 984:1000 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 4 23 theme linear 835:840 arg1 backbone 842:849 The linear backbone 831:849 The linear backbone 831:849 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 5 24 theme a dimer 1024:1030 arg1 -α-D-GlcNAc 1048:1058 a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc 1024:1058 a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc 1024:1058 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 3 25 theme 1→3 797:799 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 25 theme 1→3 797:799 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 agent 74:78 the etiological agent 58:78 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 58:96 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi 0:55 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 3 27 theme 1→3 708:710 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 27 theme 1→3 708:710 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 1 28 from Elucidation 99:109 arg1 typhi 194:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 28 from Elucidation 99:109 arg1 agent 217:221 the etiological agent 201:221 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 201:239 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 5 29 theme R. 1138:1139 arg1 typhi 1141:1145 R. typhi 1138:1145 R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity 1138:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 2 30 theme resonance 409:417 arg1 spectrometries 425:438 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries 392:438 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 392:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 2 31 theme O-chain 362:368 arg1 monosaccharide 315:328 monosaccharide 315:328 monosaccharide 315:328 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 2 31 theme O-chain 362:368 arg1 analyses 346:353 methylation analyses 334:353 methylation analyses of the O-chain 334:368 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 5 32 theme typhi 1141:1145 arg1 O-antigens 1098:1107 the O-antigens 1094:1107 the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity 1094:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 3 33 theme -α-D-Glc→ 745:753 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 33 theme -α-D-Glc→ 745:753 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 34 from experiments 553:563 arg1 data 537:540 the combined data 524:540 the combined data from these experiments 524:563 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 1 35 theme Rickettsia 183:192 arg1 typhi 194:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 35 theme Rickettsia 183:192 arg1 agent 217:221 the etiological agent 201:221 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 201:239 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 2 36 theme magnetic 400:407 arg1 NMR 420:422 NMR 420:422 NMR 420:422 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 2 36 theme magnetic 400:407 arg1 resonance 409:417 nuclear magnetic resonance 392:417 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 392:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 3 37 theme -[α-D-Glc- 697:706 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 37 theme -[α-D-Glc- 697:706 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 38 theme chain 614:618 arg1 populations 584:594 two major polymer populations 566:594 two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain 566:618 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 39 theme combined 528:535 arg1 data 537:540 the combined data 524:540 the combined data from these experiments 524:563 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 5 40 theme responsible 1147:1157 arg1 typhi 1141:1145 R. typhi 1138:1145 R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity 1138:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 2 41 theme oligosaccharides 443:458 arg1 mass 378:381 mass 378:381 mass (MS) 378:386 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 2 41 theme oligosaccharides 443:458 arg1 spectrometries 425:438 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries 392:438 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 392:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 2 41 theme oligosaccharides 443:458 arg1 MS 384:385 MS 384:385 MS 384:385 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 5 42 theme α-L-QuiNAc- 1032:1042 arg1 -α-D-GlcNAc 1048:1058 a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc 1024:1058 a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc 1024:1058 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 4 43 theme -D-GlcNAc→ 933:942 arg1 chains 892:897 short side chains 881:897 short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point 881:1000 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 0 44 theme O-antigen 27:35 arg1 agent 74:78 the etiological agent 58:78 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 58:96 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 0 44 theme O-antigen 27:35 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi 0:55 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 3 45 theme 1→4 725:727 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 45 theme 1→4 725:727 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 5 46 theme 1→3 1044:1046 arg1 -α-D-GlcNAc 1048:1058 a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc 1024:1058 a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc 1024:1058 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 0 47 theme typhi 51:55 arg1 O-antigen 27:35 the O-antigen 23:35 the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi 23:55 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 2 48 theme acid 497:500 arg1 degradation 502:512 its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 475:512 its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 475:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 3 49 theme O-specific 603:612 arg1 chain 614:618 the O-specific chain 599:618 the O-specific chain 599:618 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 2 50 theme analyses 346:353 arg1 a combination 298:310 a combination 298:310 a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain 298:368 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 0 51 theme Rickettsia 40:49 arg1 typhi 51:55 Rickettsia typhi 40:55 Rickettsia typhi 40:55 Structural features of the O-antigen of Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus. 26435145 3 52 theme -α-L-QuiNAc- 712:723 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 52 theme -α-L-QuiNAc- 712:723 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 4 53 attach attached 953:960 arg1 it 965:966 it 965:966 it 965:966 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 4 53 attach attached 953:960 arg2 chains 892:897 short side chains 881:897 short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point 881:1000 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 2 54 theme methylation 334:344 arg1 analyses 346:353 methylation analyses 334:353 methylation analyses of the O-chain 334:368 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 4 55 theme short 881:885 arg1 chains 892:897 short side chains 881:897 short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point 881:1000 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 3 56 theme polymer 576:582 arg1 populations 584:594 two major polymer populations 566:594 two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain 566:618 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 4 57 theme D-GlcNAc- 902:910 arg1 -D-GlcNAc→ 933:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 1 58 from typhi 194:198 arg1 Elucidation 99:109 Elucidation 99:109 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, 99:240 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 58 from typhi 194:198 arg1 LPS 173:175 LPS 173:175 LPS 173:175 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 58 from typhi 194:198 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 153:170 lipopolysaccharide 153:170 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, 153:240 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 3 59 theme -α-L-QuiNAc- 769:780 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 59 theme -α-L-QuiNAc- 769:780 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 1 60 theme etiological 205:215 arg1 typhi 194:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Rickettsia typhi 183:198 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 60 theme etiological 205:215 arg1 agent 217:221 the etiological agent 201:221 the etiological agent of endemic typhus 201:239 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 3 61 dep -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 arg1 n-α-D-Glc→ 819:828 n-α-D-Glc→ 819:828 the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→ 646:828 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 61 dep -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 arg1 α-D-Glc- 756:763 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 α-D-Glc- 756:763 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 2 62 theme monosaccharide 315:328 arg1 a combination 298:310 a combination 298:310 a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain 298:368 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 3 63 theme 1→4 741:743 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 63 theme 1→4 741:743 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 2 64 theme hydrofluoric 479:490 arg1 degradation 502:512 its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 475:512 its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 475:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 4 65 theme -α-L-QuiNAc- 916:927 arg1 -D-GlcNAc→ 933:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ 902:942 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 3 66 theme major 570:574 arg1 populations 584:594 two major polymer populations 566:594 two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain 566:618 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 2 67 theme nuclear 392:398 arg1 NMR 420:422 NMR 420:422 NMR 420:422 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 2 67 theme nuclear 392:398 arg1 resonance 409:417 nuclear magnetic resonance 392:417 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation 392:512 Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of the O-chain, and by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometries of oligosaccharides arised through its hydrofluoric (HF) acid degradation. 26435145 1 68 theme polysaccharide 129:142 arg1 chain 144:148 the O-specific polysaccharide chain 114:148 the O-specific polysaccharide chain 114:148 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 3 69 theme 1→3 765:767 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 69 theme 1→3 765:767 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 5 70 theme a common 1074:1081 arg1 epitope 1083:1089 a common epitope 1074:1089 a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity 1074:1203 It is suggested that a dimer α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc may represent a common epitope in the O-antigens of Proteus vulgaris OX19 and R. typhi responsible for the observed serological cross-reactivity. 26435145 4 71 theme side 887:890 arg1 chains 892:897 short side chains 881:897 short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point 881:1000 The linear backbone is most probably flanked with short side chains of D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→3)-D-GlcNAc→ that are attached to it via L-QuiNAc as a branching point. 26435145 3 72 theme n-α-D-Glc- 730:739 arg1 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 1→4 814:816 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 3 72 theme n-α-D-Glc- 730:739 arg1 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc- 681:812 -α-L-QuiNAc- 801:812 Based on the combined data from these experiments, two major polymer populations of the O-specific chain have been determined with the following structural features: α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-Glc→, α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)-[α-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-L-QuiNAc-(1→4)]n-α-D-Glc→. 26435145 1 73 theme chain 144:148 arg1 Elucidation 99:109 Elucidation 99:109 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, 99:240 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 26435145 1 74 theme endemic 226:232 arg1 typhus 234:239 endemic typhus 226:239 endemic typhus 226:239 Elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of endemic typhus, is described. 25180660 1 0 dep suspension 289:298 arg1 GO 286:287 GO 286:287 GO 286:287 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 5 1 theme GO/BC 762:766 arg1 hydrogel 782:789 the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel 758:789 the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO 758:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 6 2 theme engineering 954:964 arg1 scaffolds 966:974 tissue engineering scaffolds 947:974 tissue engineering scaffolds 947:974 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 3 3 theme porous 558:563 arg1 structure 565:573 the 3D porous structure 551:573 the 3D porous structure of BC 551:579 The experimental results indicate that GO nanosheets are uniformly dispersed and well-bound to the BC matrix and that the 3D porous structure of BC is sustained. 25180660 6 4 theme tissue 947:952 arg1 scaffolds 966:974 tissue engineering scaffolds 947:974 tissue engineering scaffolds 947:974 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 6 5 theme new 930:932 arg1 material 934:941 a new material 928:941 a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds 928:974 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 5 6 theme tensile 718:724 arg1 strength 726:733 the tensile strength 714:733 the tensile strength 714:733 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 1 7 with hydrogels 150:158 arg1 GO 180:181 GO 180:181 GO 180:181 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 5 8 theme hydrogel 782:789 arg1 strength 726:733 the tensile strength 714:733 the tensile strength 714:733 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 5 8 theme hydrogel 782:789 arg1 modulus 747:753 Young's modulus 739:753 Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO 739:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 2 9 theme BC 391:392 arg1 index 382:386 the crystallinity index 364:386 the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO 364:409 During the biosynthesis process, the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO is partially reduced. 25180660 3 10 theme experimental 437:448 arg1 results 450:456 The experimental results 433:456 The experimental results 433:456 The experimental results indicate that GO nanosheets are uniformly dispersed and well-bound to the BC matrix and that the 3D porous structure of BC is sustained. 25180660 5 11 theme nanocomposite 768:780 arg1 hydrogel 782:789 the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel 758:789 the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO 758:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 1 12 theme Graphene 93:100 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels 93:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC 93:202 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 0 13 theme in 9:10 arg1 biosynthesis 17:28 One-step in situ biosynthesis 0:28 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 0:80 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 1 14 theme oxide-bacterial 102:116 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels 93:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC 93:202 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 1 15 theme BC 201:202 arg1 network 190:196 the network 186:196 the network of BC 186:202 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 0 16 theme One-step 0:7 arg1 biosynthesis 17:28 One-step in situ biosynthesis 0:28 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 0:80 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 1 17 theme cellulose 118:126 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels 93:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC 93:202 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 5 18 dep % 809:809 arg1 GO 811:812 GO 811:812 GO 811:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 3 19 theme 3D 555:556 arg1 structure 565:573 the 3D porous structure 551:573 the 3D porous structure of BC 551:579 The experimental results indicate that GO nanosheets are uniformly dispersed and well-bound to the BC matrix and that the 3D porous structure of BC is sustained. 25180660 4 20 theme load 629:632 arg1 transfer 634:641 efficient load transfer 619:641 efficient load transfer between the GO reinforcement and BC matrix 619:684 This is responsible for efficient load transfer between the GO reinforcement and BC matrix. 25180660 5 21 theme wt 807:808 arg1 % 809:809 0.48 wt% GO 802:812 0.48 wt% GO 802:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 1 22 dep in 255:256 arg1 situ 258:261 situ 258:261 situ 258:261 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 1 23 theme GO/BC 129:133 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels 93:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC 93:202 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 4 24 theme efficient 619:627 arg1 transfer 634:641 efficient load transfer 619:641 efficient load transfer between the GO reinforcement and BC matrix 619:684 This is responsible for efficient load transfer between the GO reinforcement and BC matrix. 25180660 0 25 theme graphene 33:40 arg1 nanocomposite 68:80 graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 33:80 graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 33:80 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 1 26 theme culture 309:315 arg1 medium 317:322 the culture medium 305:322 the culture medium of BC 305:328 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 5 27 theme pure 705:708 arg1 BC 710:711 the pure BC 701:711 the pure BC 701:711 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 5 28 contain containing 791:800 arg2 % 809:809 0.48 wt% GO 802:812 0.48 wt% GO 802:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 5 28 contain containing 791:800 arg1 hydrogel 782:789 the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel 758:789 the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO 758:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 2 29 theme GO 408:409 arg1 index 382:386 the crystallinity index 364:386 the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO 364:409 During the biosynthesis process, the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO is partially reduced. 25180660 0 30 theme cellulose 58:66 arg1 nanocomposite 68:80 graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 33:80 graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 33:80 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 5 31 theme Young 739:743 arg1 modulus 747:753 Young's modulus 739:753 Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO 739:812 Compared with the pure BC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogel containing 0.48 wt% GO are significantly improved by about 38 and 120%, respectively. 25180660 3 32 theme BC 578:579 arg1 structure 565:573 the 3D porous structure 551:573 the 3D porous structure of BC 551:579 The experimental results indicate that GO nanosheets are uniformly dispersed and well-bound to the BC matrix and that the 3D porous structure of BC is sustained. 25180660 0 33 theme oxide-bacterial 42:56 arg1 nanocomposite 68:80 graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 33:80 graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 33:80 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 1 34 theme BC 327:328 arg1 medium 317:322 the culture medium 305:322 the culture medium of BC 305:328 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 1 35 theme nanocomposite 136:148 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels 93:158 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC 93:202 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 6 36 theme nanocomposite 887:899 arg1 promising 915:923 promising 915:923 promising 915:923 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 6 36 theme nanocomposite 887:899 arg1 hydrogels 901:909 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels 877:909 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels 877:909 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 2 37 dep BC 391:392 arg1 decreases 394:402 decreases 394:402 decreases 394:402 During the biosynthesis process, the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO is partially reduced. 25180660 4 38 theme BC 676:677 arg1 matrix 679:684 BC matrix 676:684 BC matrix 676:684 This is responsible for efficient load transfer between the GO reinforcement and BC matrix. 25180660 1 39 theme facile 239:244 arg1 biosynthesis 263:274 a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis 237:274 a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC 237:328 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 4 40 dep reinforcement 658:670 arg1 GO 655:656 GO 655:656 GO 655:656 This is responsible for efficient load transfer between the GO reinforcement and BC matrix. 25180660 3 41 theme BC 532:533 arg1 matrix 535:540 the BC matrix 528:540 the BC matrix 528:540 The experimental results indicate that GO nanosheets are uniformly dispersed and well-bound to the BC matrix and that the 3D porous structure of BC is sustained. 25180660 1 42 theme one-step 246:253 arg1 biosynthesis 263:274 a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis 237:274 a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC 237:328 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 2 43 theme biosynthesis 342:353 arg1 process 355:361 the biosynthesis process 338:361 the biosynthesis process 338:361 During the biosynthesis process, the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO is partially reduced. 25180660 0 44 dep in 9:10 arg1 situ 12:15 situ 12:15 situ 12:15 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 1 45 theme in 255:256 arg1 biosynthesis 263:274 a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis 237:274 a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC 237:328 Graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose (GO/BC) nanocomposite hydrogels with well-dispersed GO in the network of BC are successfully developed using a facile one-step in situ biosynthesis by adding GO suspension into the culture medium of BC. 25180660 0 46 theme nanocomposite 68:80 arg1 biosynthesis 17:28 One-step in situ biosynthesis 0:28 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite 0:80 One-step in situ biosynthesis of graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels. 25180660 6 47 theme GO/BC 881:885 arg1 promising 915:923 promising 915:923 promising 915:923 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 6 47 theme GO/BC 881:885 arg1 hydrogels 901:909 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels 877:909 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels 877:909 The GO/BC nanocomposite hydrogels are promising as a new material for tissue engineering scaffolds. 25180660 3 48 dep nanosheets 475:484 arg1 GO 472:473 GO 472:473 GO 472:473 The experimental results indicate that GO nanosheets are uniformly dispersed and well-bound to the BC matrix and that the 3D porous structure of BC is sustained. 25180660 2 49 theme crystallinity 368:380 arg1 index 382:386 the crystallinity index 364:386 the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO 364:409 During the biosynthesis process, the crystallinity index of BC decreases and GO is partially reduced. 27987981 0 0 theme fiber/chitosan/spiropyran 83:107 arg1 assembly 66:73 layer-by-layer assembly 51:73 layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran 51:107 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 4 1 contain had 753:755 arg1 fibers 746:751 the LbL-treated fibers 730:751 the LbL-treated fibers 730:751 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 4 1 contain had 753:755 arg2 compatibility 764:776 a good compatibility 757:776 a good compatibility with pulp fibers 757:793 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 0 2 theme pulp 78:81 arg1 fiber/chitosan/spiropyran 83:107 pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran 78:107 pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran 78:107 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 1 3 theme many 183:186 arg1 fields 188:193 many fields 183:193 many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper 183:258 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 1 3 theme many 183:186 arg1 paper 254:258 rewritable paper 243:258 rewritable paper 243:258 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 1 3 theme many 183:186 arg1 packaging 212:220 security packaging 203:220 security packaging 203:220 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 1 3 theme many 183:186 arg1 paper 232:236 printing paper 223:236 printing paper 223:236 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 4 4 with compatibility 764:776 arg1 fibers 788:793 pulp fibers 783:793 pulp fibers 783:793 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 4 5 theme photochromic 628:639 arg1 characteristic 641:654 The photochromic characteristic 624:654 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber 624:675 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 2 6 theme individual 299:308 arg1 fiber 310:314 individual fiber 299:314 individual fiber 299:314 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 3 7 theme electron 516:523 arg1 observation 536:546 Scanning electron microscope observation 507:546 Scanning electron microscope observation 507:546 Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the SPCOOH was successfully absorbed onto the surface of fiber. 27987981 1 8 used used 175:178 arg2 fiber 121:125 Cellulosic fiber 110:125 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties 110:166 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 4 9 theme absorption 706:715 arg1 spectrum 717:724 UV-vis absorption spectrum 699:724 UV-vis absorption spectrum 699:724 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 0 10 from modification 34:45 arg1 paper 13:17 Photochromic paper 0:17 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 0:108 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 5 11 theme photochromic 853:864 arg1 characteristic 866:879 the photochromic characteristic 849:879 the photochromic characteristic to paper 849:888 This study gives a highly effective method to impart the photochromic characteristic to paper. 27987981 2 12 theme carboxyl-containing 398:416 arg1 SPCOOH 430:435 SPCOOH 430:435 SPCOOH 430:435 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 12 theme carboxyl-containing 398:416 arg1 spiropyran 418:427 anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran 390:427 anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) 390:436 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 13 from chitosan 372:379 arg1 fibers 446:451 pulp fibers 441:451 pulp fibers 441:451 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 14 theme composite 335:343 arg1 layer 345:349 a polyelectrolyte composite layer 317:349 a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers 317:451 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 15 theme anionic 390:396 arg1 SPCOOH 430:435 SPCOOH 430:435 SPCOOH 430:435 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 15 theme anionic 390:396 arg1 spiropyran 418:427 anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran 390:427 anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) 390:436 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 0 16 theme Photochromic 0:11 arg1 paper 13:17 Photochromic paper 0:17 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 0:108 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 2 17 theme polyelectrolyte 319:333 arg1 layer 345:349 a polyelectrolyte composite layer 317:349 a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers 317:451 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 1 18 theme security 203:210 arg1 packaging 212:220 security packaging 203:220 security packaging 203:220 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 0 19 theme wood 24:27 arg1 modification 34:45 wood pulp modification 24:45 wood pulp modification 24:45 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 4 20 theme pulp 783:786 arg1 fibers 788:793 pulp fibers 783:793 pulp fibers 783:793 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 1 21 theme Cellulosic 110:119 arg1 fiber 121:125 Cellulosic fiber 110:125 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties 110:166 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 5 22 theme effective 822:830 arg1 method 832:837 a highly effective method 813:837 a highly effective method to impart the photochromic characteristic to paper 813:888 This study gives a highly effective method to impart the photochromic characteristic to paper. 27987981 3 23 theme microscope 525:534 arg1 observation 536:546 Scanning electron microscope observation 507:546 Scanning electron microscope observation 507:546 Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the SPCOOH was successfully absorbed onto the surface of fiber. 27987981 1 24 theme printing 223:230 arg1 paper 232:236 printing paper 223:236 printing paper 223:236 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 0 25 theme pulp 29:32 arg1 modification 34:45 wood pulp modification 24:45 wood pulp modification 24:45 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 2 26 theme assembly 487:494 arg1 technique 496:504 layer-by-layer assembly technique 472:504 layer-by-layer assembly technique 472:504 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 4 27 theme fiber 671:675 arg1 characteristic 641:654 The photochromic characteristic 624:654 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber 624:675 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 0 28 theme layer-by-layer 51:64 arg1 assembly 66:73 layer-by-layer assembly 51:73 layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran 51:107 Photochromic paper from wood pulp modification via layer-by-layer assembly of pulp fiber/chitosan/spiropyran. 27987981 3 29 theme fiber 617:621 arg1 surface 606:612 the surface 602:612 the surface of fiber 602:621 Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the SPCOOH was successfully absorbed onto the surface of fiber. 27987981 2 30 theme cationic 363:370 arg1 CS 382:383 CS 382:383 CS 382:383 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 30 theme cationic 363:370 arg1 chitosan 372:379 cationic chitosan 363:379 cationic chitosan (CS) 363:384 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 31 from spiropyran 418:427 arg1 fibers 446:451 pulp fibers 441:451 pulp fibers 441:451 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 1 32 theme photochromic 144:155 arg1 properties 157:166 photochromic properties 144:166 photochromic properties 144:166 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 4 33 theme good 759:762 arg1 compatibility 764:776 a good compatibility 757:776 a good compatibility with pulp fibers 757:793 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 2 34 theme photochromic 274:285 arg1 property 287:294 photochromic property 274:294 photochromic property 274:294 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 3 35 theme Scanning 507:514 arg1 observation 536:546 Scanning electron microscope observation 507:546 Scanning electron microscope observation 507:546 Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the SPCOOH was successfully absorbed onto the surface of fiber. 27987981 4 36 theme LbL-treated 734:744 arg1 fibers 746:751 the LbL-treated fibers 730:751 the LbL-treated fibers 730:751 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 4 37 theme UV-vis 699:704 arg1 spectrum 717:724 UV-vis absorption spectrum 699:724 UV-vis absorption spectrum 699:724 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27987981 1 38 theme rewritable 243:252 arg1 paper 254:258 rewritable paper 243:258 rewritable paper 243:258 Cellulosic fiber introducing with photochromic properties can be used in many fields such as security packaging, printing paper, and rewritable paper. 27987981 2 39 theme layer-by-layer 472:485 arg1 technique 496:504 layer-by-layer assembly technique 472:504 layer-by-layer assembly technique 472:504 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 2 40 theme pulp 441:444 arg1 fibers 446:451 pulp fibers 441:451 pulp fibers 441:451 To introduce photochromic property to individual fiber, a polyelectrolyte composite layer composed of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SPCOOH) on pulp fibers was designed using layer-by-layer assembly technique. 27987981 4 41 theme LbL-treated 659:669 arg1 fiber 671:675 LbL-treated fiber 659:675 LbL-treated fiber 659:675 The photochromic characteristic of LbL-treated fiber could be triggered by UV-vis absorption spectrum and the LbL-treated fibers had a good compatibility with pulp fibers. 27888663 6 0 theme linear 943:948 arg1 regressions 950:960 linear regressions 943:960 linear regressions 943:960 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 7 1 theme community 1108:1116 arg1 profiles 1118:1125 microbial community profiles 1098:1125 microbial community profiles 1098:1125 Additionally, microbial community profiles were obtained for each PPB assay. 27888663 11 2 theme Relative 1501:1508 arg1 analyses 1520:1527 Relative abundance analyses 1501:1527 Relative abundance analyses 1501:1527 Relative abundance analyses revealed no major changes in the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated. 27888663 12 3 used used 1720:1723 arg2 combinations 1662:1673 (i) combinations 1658:1673 (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash 1658:1718 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 9 4 theme lignin + cellulose 1405:1422 arg1 function 1393:1400 a function 1391:1400 a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85) 1391:1434 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 6 5 theme combined 909:916 arg1 components 874:883 All components 870:883 All components 870:883 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 5 theme combined 909:916 arg1 variables 930:938 single and combined independent variables 898:938 single and combined independent variables in linear regressions 898:960 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 4 6 theme PPB 687:689 arg1 composition 672:682 composition 672:682 composition 672:682 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 4 6 theme PPB 687:689 arg1 parameters 657:666 the AD kinetic parameters 642:666 the AD kinetic parameters 642:666 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 2 7 theme lignocellulosic 263:277 arg1 materials 279:287 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 251:287 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 251:287 Unlike unprocessed lignocellulosic materials, paper and paper board (PPB) are processed for their fabrication. 27888663 6 8 theme single 898:903 arg1 components 874:883 All components 870:883 All components 870:883 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 8 theme single 898:903 arg1 variables 930:938 single and combined independent variables 898:938 single and combined independent variables in linear regressions 898:960 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 12 9 theme carbohydrates 1689:1701 arg1 combinations 1662:1673 (i) combinations 1658:1673 (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash 1658:1718 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 6 10 theme specific 996:1003 arg1 SMAmax 1028:1033 SMAmax 1028:1033 SMAmax 1028:1033 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 10 theme specific 996:1003 arg1 activity 1018:1025 maximum specific methanogenic activity 988:1025 maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ) 988:1035 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 12 11 theme lignin 1704:1709 arg1 combinations 1662:1673 (i) combinations 1658:1673 (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash 1658:1718 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 5 12 theme yields 737:742 arg1 correlations 713:724 correlations 713:724 correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs 713:867 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 5 13 theme PPBs 864:867 arg1 types 855:859 five types 850:859 five types of PPBs 850:867 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 4 14 theme Previous 436:443 arg1 studies 445:451 Previous studies 436:451 Previous studies 436:451 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 5 15 theme Monod 748:752 arg1 parameters 775:784 Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters 748:784 parameters 775:784 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 12 16 theme other 1903:1907 arg1 components 1909:1918 other components 1903:1918 other components 1903:1918 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 6 17 theme methane 973:979 arg1 yield 981:985 methane yield 973:985 methane yield 973:985 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 16 18 dep © 2052:2052 arg1 Inc. 2078:2081 Inc. 2078:2081 Inc. 2078:2081 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27888663 9 19 theme highest 1264:1270 arg1 coefficients 1284:1295 The highest correlation coefficients 1260:1295 The highest correlation coefficients 1260:1295 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 9 19 theme highest 1264:1270 arg1 function 1325:1332 function 1325:1332 function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) 1325:1376 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 12 20 theme structural 1678:1687 arg1 carbohydrates 1689:1701 structural carbohydrates 1678:1701 structural carbohydrates 1678:1701 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 5 21 theme structural 791:800 arg1 carbohydrates 802:814 structural carbohydrates 791:814 structural carbohydrates 791:814 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 5 22 theme types 855:859 arg1 lignin 817:822 lignin 817:822 lignin 817:822 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 5 22 theme types 855:859 arg1 carbohydrates 802:814 structural carbohydrates 791:814 structural carbohydrates 791:814 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 5 22 theme types 855:859 arg1 concentration 833:845 ash concentration 829:845 ash concentration of five types of PPBs 829:867 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 8 23 dep showed 1169:1174 arg1 provided 1250:1257 provided 1250:1257 showed methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates provided 1169:1257 Results showed methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates provided. 27888663 12 24 theme independent 1871:1881 arg1 variables 1883:1891 single independent variables 1864:1891 AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1813:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 12 25 theme i 1659:1659 arg1 combinations 1662:1673 (i) combinations 1658:1673 (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash 1658:1718 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 0 26 from Effect 0:5 arg1 digestion 71:79 the anaerobic digestion 57:79 the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge 57:143 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 0 27 theme paper 84:88 arg1 materials 106:114 paper and paper board materials 84:114 paper and paper board materials 84:114 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 0 28 theme paper 94:98 arg1 materials 106:114 paper and paper board materials 84:114 paper and paper board materials 84:114 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 12 29 theme materials 1842:1850 arg1 parameters 1824:1833 AD kinetic parameters 1813:1833 AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1813:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 12 30 theme study 1647:1651 arg1 findings 1630:1637 The overall findings 1618:1637 The overall findings of this study 1618:1651 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 3 31 theme methane 410:416 arg1 rates 429:433 methane production rates 410:433 methane production rates 410:433 Such modifications may affect their methane yields and methane production rates. 27888663 9 32 theme hemicellulose/ 1337:1350 arg1 coefficients 1284:1295 The highest correlation coefficients 1260:1295 The highest correlation coefficients 1260:1295 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 9 32 theme hemicellulose/ 1337:1350 arg1 function 1325:1332 function 1325:1332 function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) 1325:1376 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 6 33 theme lag 1069:1071 arg1 phase 1073:1077 lag phase 1069:1077 lag phase (λ) 1069:1081 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 33 theme lag 1069:1071 arg1 λ 1080:1080 λ 1080:1080 λ 1080:1080 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 3 34 theme Such 355:358 arg1 modifications 360:372 Such modifications 355:372 Such modifications 355:372 Such modifications may affect their methane yields and methane production rates. 27888663 12 35 dep are 1653:1655 arg1 added 1920:1924 added 1920:1924 added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters 1920:2010 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 0 36 theme structural 10:19 arg1 carbohydrates 21:33 structural carbohydrates 10:33 structural carbohydrates 10:33 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 12 37 theme kinetic 1816:1822 arg1 parameters 1824:1833 AD kinetic parameters 1813:1833 AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1813:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 12 38 theme overall 1622:1628 arg1 findings 1630:1637 The overall findings 1618:1637 The overall findings of this study 1618:1651 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 10 39 theme weaker 1468:1473 arg1 correlations 1475:1486 weaker correlations 1468:1486 weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77) 1468:1498 All other parameters exhibited weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77). 27888663 10 39 theme weaker 1468:1473 arg1 ≤ 0.77 1492:1497 R2 ≤ 0.77 1489:1497 R2 ≤ 0.77 1489:1497 All other parameters exhibited weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77). 27888663 8 40 theme PPB 1235:1237 arg1 substrates 1239:1248 PPB substrates 1235:1248 PPB substrates 1235:1248 Results showed methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates provided. 27888663 7 41 theme PPB 1150:1152 arg1 assay 1154:1158 each PPB assay 1145:1158 each PPB assay 1145:1158 Additionally, microbial community profiles were obtained for each PPB assay. 27888663 12 42 theme non-degradable 1759:1772 arg1 fractions 1795:1803 either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions 1752:1803 either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1752:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 15 43 dep 951-960 2043:2049 arg1 2017 2033:2036 2017 2033:2036 2017 2033:2036 2017;114: 951-960. 27888663 4 44 theme unprocessed 527:537 arg1 materials 555:563 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 527:563 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 527:563 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 0 45 theme content 46:52 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 0:144 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 12 46 theme degradable 1784:1793 arg1 fractions 1795:1803 either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions 1752:1803 either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1752:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 4 47 theme materials 555:563 arg1 lignin 495:500 lignin 495:500 lignin 495:500 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 4 47 theme materials 555:563 arg1 yields 517:522 biomethane yields 506:522 biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 506:563 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 11 48 theme community 1562:1570 arg1 profile 1572:1578 the community profile 1558:1578 the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated 1558:1615 Relative abundance analyses revealed no major changes in the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated. 27888663 12 49 dep fractions 1795:1803 arg1 predict 1805:1811 predict 1805:1811 predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1805:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 12 50 theme ash 1716:1718 arg1 combinations 1662:1673 (i) combinations 1658:1673 (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash 1658:1718 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 4 51 theme limited 589:595 arg1 knowledge 597:605 limited knowledge 589:605 limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB 589:689 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 7 52 theme microbial 1098:1106 arg1 profiles 1118:1125 microbial community profiles 1098:1125 microbial community profiles 1098:1125 Additionally, microbial community profiles were obtained for each PPB assay. 27888663 2 53 theme paper 290:294 arg1 PPB 313:315 PPB 313:315 PPB 313:315 Unlike unprocessed lignocellulosic materials, paper and paper board (PPB) are processed for their fabrication. 27888663 2 53 theme paper 290:294 arg1 board 306:310 paper and paper board 290:310 paper and paper board (PPB) 290:316 Unlike unprocessed lignocellulosic materials, paper and paper board (PPB) are processed for their fabrication. 27888663 6 54 theme independent 918:928 arg1 components 874:883 All components 870:883 All components 870:883 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 54 theme independent 918:928 arg1 variables 930:938 single and combined independent variables 898:938 single and combined independent variables in linear regressions 898:960 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 11 55 theme abundance 1510:1518 arg1 analyses 1520:1527 Relative abundance analyses 1501:1527 Relative abundance analyses 1501:1527 Relative abundance analyses revealed no major changes in the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated. 27888663 5 56 theme ash 829:831 arg1 concentration 833:845 ash concentration 829:845 ash concentration of five types of PPBs 829:867 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 8 57 theme methane 1176:1182 arg1 yields 1184:1189 methane yields 1176:1189 methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates 1176:1248 Results showed methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates provided. 27888663 6 58 theme methanogenic 1005:1016 arg1 SMAmax 1028:1033 SMAmax 1028:1033 SMAmax 1028:1033 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 58 theme methanogenic 1005:1016 arg1 activity 1018:1025 maximum specific methanogenic activity 988:1025 maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ) 988:1035 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 8 59 theme substrates 1239:1248 arg1 substrates 1239:1248 PPB substrates 1235:1248 PPB substrates 1235:1248 Results showed methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates provided. 27888663 8 59 theme substrates 1239:1248 arg1 % 1230:1230 97.2 ± 2.29% 1219:1230 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates 1219:1248 Results showed methane yields ranging from 69.2 ± 8.61 to 97.2 ± 2.29% of PPB substrates provided. 27888663 12 60 dep better 1852:1857 arg1 than 1859:1862 than 1859:1862 than 1859:1862 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 5 61 theme methane 729:735 arg1 yields 737:742 methane yields 729:742 methane yields 729:742 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 11 62 theme major 1541:1545 arg1 changes 1547:1553 no major changes 1538:1553 no major changes in the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated 1538:1615 Relative abundance analyses revealed no major changes in the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated. 27888663 2 63 theme paper 300:304 arg1 PPB 313:315 PPB 313:315 PPB 313:315 Unlike unprocessed lignocellulosic materials, paper and paper board (PPB) are processed for their fabrication. 27888663 2 63 theme paper 300:304 arg1 board 306:310 paper and paper board 290:310 paper and paper board (PPB) 290:316 Unlike unprocessed lignocellulosic materials, paper and paper board (PPB) are processed for their fabrication. 27888663 1 64 theme lignocellulosic 174:188 arg1 materials 190:198 lignocellulosic materials 174:198 lignocellulosic materials 174:198 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials is commonly limited by the hydrolysis step. 27888663 6 65 theme maximum 988:994 arg1 SMAmax 1028:1033 SMAmax 1028:1033 SMAmax 1028:1033 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 65 theme maximum 988:994 arg1 activity 1018:1025 maximum specific methanogenic activity 988:1025 maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ) 988:1035 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 4 66 theme kinetic 649:655 arg1 parameters 657:666 the AD kinetic parameters 642:666 the AD kinetic parameters 642:666 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 0 67 theme granular 129:136 arg1 sludge 138:143 anaerobic granular sludge 119:143 anaerobic granular sludge 119:143 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 2 68 theme unprocessed 251:261 arg1 materials 279:287 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 251:287 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 251:287 Unlike unprocessed lignocellulosic materials, paper and paper board (PPB) are processed for their fabrication. 27888663 11 69 from changes 1547:1553 arg1 profile 1572:1578 the community profile 1558:1578 the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated 1558:1615 Relative abundance analyses revealed no major changes in the community profile for each of the substrates evaluated. 27888663 0 70 theme anaerobic 61:69 arg1 digestion 71:79 the anaerobic digestion 57:79 the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge 57:143 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 9 71 theme correlation 1272:1282 arg1 coefficients 1284:1295 The highest correlation coefficients 1260:1295 The highest correlation coefficients 1260:1295 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 9 71 theme correlation 1272:1282 arg1 function 1325:1332 function 1325:1332 function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) 1325:1376 The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for SMAmax as function of hemicellulose/(lignin + ash) (R2 = 0.86) and for λ as a function of lignin + cellulose (R2 = 0.85). 27888663 6 72 theme saturation 1038:1047 arg1 Ks 1059:1060 Ks 1059:1060 Ks 1059:1060 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 72 theme saturation 1038:1047 arg1 constant 1049:1056 saturation constant 1038:1056 saturation constant (Ks ) 1038:1062 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 4 73 theme biomethane 506:515 arg1 yields 517:522 biomethane yields 506:522 biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 506:563 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 12 74 theme kinetic 1993:1999 arg1 parameters 2001:2010 kinetic parameters 1993:2010 kinetic parameters 1993:2010 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 5 75 theme Gompertz 758:765 arg1 parameters 775:784 Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters 748:784 parameters 775:784 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 1 76 theme Anaerobic 146:154 arg1 AD 167:168 AD 167:168 AD 167:168 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials is commonly limited by the hydrolysis step. 27888663 1 76 theme Anaerobic 146:154 arg1 digestion 156:164 Anaerobic digestion 146:164 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials 146:198 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials is commonly limited by the hydrolysis step. 27888663 0 77 theme materials 106:114 arg1 digestion 71:79 the anaerobic digestion 57:79 the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge 57:143 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 0 78 theme board 100:104 arg1 materials 106:114 paper and paper board materials 84:114 paper and paper board materials 84:114 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 1 79 theme materials 190:198 arg1 AD 167:168 AD 167:168 AD 167:168 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials is commonly limited by the hydrolysis step. 27888663 1 79 theme materials 190:198 arg1 digestion 156:164 Anaerobic digestion 146:164 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials 146:198 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials is commonly limited by the hydrolysis step. 27888663 5 80 with correlations 713:724 arg1 lignin 817:822 lignin 817:822 lignin 817:822 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 5 80 with correlations 713:724 arg1 carbohydrates 802:814 structural carbohydrates 791:814 structural carbohydrates 791:814 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 5 80 with correlations 713:724 arg1 concentration 833:845 ash concentration 829:845 ash concentration of five types of PPBs 829:867 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 10 81 theme other 1441:1445 arg1 parameters 1447:1456 All other parameters 1437:1456 All other parameters 1437:1456 All other parameters exhibited weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77). 27888663 5 82 theme kinetic 767:773 arg1 parameters 775:784 Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters 748:784 parameters 775:784 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 12 83 theme single 1864:1869 arg1 variables 1883:1891 single independent variables 1864:1891 AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1813:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 3 84 theme methane 391:397 arg1 yields 399:404 their methane yields 385:404 their methane yields 385:404 Such modifications may affect their methane yields and methane production rates. 27888663 3 85 theme production 418:427 arg1 rates 429:433 methane production rates 410:433 methane production rates 410:433 Such modifications may affect their methane yields and methane production rates. 27888663 0 86 theme carbohydrates 21:33 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 0:144 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 0 87 theme lignin 39:44 arg1 content 46:52 lignin content 39:52 lignin content 39:52 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 4 88 theme lignocellulosic 539:553 arg1 materials 555:563 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 527:563 unprocessed lignocellulosic materials 527:563 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 5 89 theme parameters 775:784 arg1 correlations 713:724 correlations 713:724 correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs 713:867 This study evaluated correlations of methane yields and Monod and Gompertz kinetic parameters with structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash concentration of five types of PPBs. 27888663 6 90 used used 890:893 arg2 components 874:883 All components 870:883 All components 870:883 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 6 90 used used 890:893 arg2 variables 930:938 single and combined independent variables 898:938 single and combined independent variables in linear regressions 898:960 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 0 91 theme anaerobic 119:127 arg1 sludge 138:143 anaerobic granular sludge 119:143 anaerobic granular sludge 119:143 Effect of structural carbohydrates and lignin content on the anaerobic digestion of paper and paper board materials by anaerobic granular sludge. 27888663 12 92 theme AD 1813:1814 arg1 parameters 1824:1833 AD kinetic parameters 1813:1833 AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables 1813:1891 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 10 93 theme R2 1489:1490 arg1 correlations 1475:1486 weaker correlations 1468:1486 weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77) 1468:1498 All other parameters exhibited weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77). 27888663 10 93 theme R2 1489:1490 arg1 ≤ 0.77 1492:1497 R2 ≤ 0.77 1489:1497 R2 ≤ 0.77 1489:1497 All other parameters exhibited weaker correlations (R2 ≤ 0.77). 27888663 12 94 theme methane 1975:1981 arg1 yield 1983:1987 methane yield 1975:1987 methane yield 1975:1987 The overall findings of this study are: (i) combinations of structural carbohydrates, lignin, and ash used as ratios of degradable to either non-degradable or slowly degradable fractions predict AD kinetic parameters of PPB materials better than single independent variables; and (ii) other components added during their fabrication may also influence both methane yield and kinetic parameters. 27888663 4 95 theme AD 646:647 arg1 parameters 657:666 the AD kinetic parameters 642:666 the AD kinetic parameters 642:666 Previous studies have investigated the correlation between lignin and biomethane yields of unprocessed lignocellulosic materials; nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between the AD kinetic parameters and composition of PPB. 27888663 6 96 from variables 930:938 arg1 regressions 950:960 linear regressions 943:960 linear regressions 943:960 All components were used as single and combined independent variables in linear regressions to predict methane yield, maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMAmax ), saturation constant (Ks ), and lag phase (λ). 27888663 1 97 theme hydrolysis 227:236 arg1 step 238:241 the hydrolysis step 223:241 the hydrolysis step 223:241 Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic materials is commonly limited by the hydrolysis step. 25965474 0 0 theme barrier 64:70 arg1 properties 87:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties 52:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite 52:142 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 3 1 with Nanocomposites 519:532 arg1 MMT 556:558 MMT 556:558 MMT 556:558 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 3 1 with Nanocomposites 519:532 arg1 amount 546:551 higher amount 539:551 higher amount of MMT 539:558 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 2 2 theme MMT 505:507 arg1 addition 509:516 MMT addition 505:516 MMT addition 505:516 In Method 1, (30% w/w) glycerol was incorporated before starch gelatinization and MMT addition, while in Method 2 after gelatinization and MMT addition. 25965474 5 3 theme vapor 812:816 arg1 permeability 818:829 Water vapor permeability 806:829 Water vapor permeability 806:829 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 2 4 theme w/w 384:386 arg1 glycerol 389:396 (30% w/w) glycerol 379:396 (30% w/w) glycerol 379:396 In Method 1, (30% w/w) glycerol was incorporated before starch gelatinization and MMT addition, while in Method 2 after gelatinization and MMT addition. 25965474 2 4 theme w/w 384:386 arg1 % 382:382 30% w/w 380:386 30% w/w 380:386 In Method 1, (30% w/w) glycerol was incorporated before starch gelatinization and MMT addition, while in Method 2 after gelatinization and MMT addition. 25965474 6 5 theme films 985:989 arg1 diffraction 959:969 X-ray diffraction 953:969 X-ray diffraction of the starch films 953:989 X-ray diffraction of the starch films indicated intercalated structures. 25965474 8 6 theme % 1151:1151 arg1 content 1161:1167 70% amylose content 1149:1167 70% amylose content 1149:1167 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 4 7 theme higher 782:787 arg1 content 797:803 higher amylose content 782:803 higher amylose content 782:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 0 8 theme structural 76:85 arg1 properties 87:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties 52:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite 52:142 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 1 9 theme preparation 259:269 arg1 method 271:276 preparation method 259:276 preparation method 259:276 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 4 10 theme nanocomposite 663:675 arg1 properties 677:686 nanocomposite properties 663:686 nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content 663:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 2 11 theme starch 422:427 arg1 gelatinization 429:442 starch gelatinization 422:442 starch gelatinization 422:442 In Method 1, (30% w/w) glycerol was incorporated before starch gelatinization and MMT addition, while in Method 2 after gelatinization and MMT addition. 25965474 1 12 theme method 271:276 arg1 effect 171:176 the effect 167:176 the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting 167:363 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 4 13 theme amylose 789:795 arg1 content 797:803 higher amylose content 782:803 higher amylose content 782:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 5 14 theme amylose 893:899 arg1 content 901:907 different amylose content 883:907 different amylose content with the two different preparation methods 883:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 1 15 theme montmorillonite 212:226 arg1 % 252:252 5 and 15% 244:252 5 and 15% 244:252 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 1 15 theme montmorillonite 212:226 arg1 fraction 234:241 montmorillonite (MMT) fraction 212:241 montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) 212:253 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 7 16 theme ordered 1118:1124 arg1 structures 1126:1135 more ordered structures 1113:1135 more ordered structures 1113:1135 Higher melting temperature (Tm) was found for nanocomposites with Method 2, indicating more ordered structures. 25965474 3 17 theme preparation 625:635 arg1 methods 637:643 both preparation methods 620:643 both preparation methods 620:643 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 6 18 theme starch 978:983 arg1 films 985:989 the starch films 974:989 the starch films 974:989 X-ray diffraction of the starch films indicated intercalated structures. 25965474 0 19 theme amylose 33:39 arg1 content 41:47 amylose content 33:47 amylose content 33:47 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 1 20 theme mechanical 281:290 arg1 properties 304:313 mechanical and barrier properties 281:313 properties 304:313 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 8 21 theme 70 1149:1150 arg1 % 1151:1151 % 1151:1151 % 1151:1151 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 5 22 with films 872:876 arg1 content 901:907 different amylose content 883:907 different amylose content with the two different preparation methods 883:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 7 23 theme Higher 1026:1031 arg1 temperature 1041:1051 Higher melting temperature 1026:1051 Higher melting temperature (Tm) 1026:1056 Higher melting temperature (Tm) was found for nanocomposites with Method 2, indicating more ordered structures. 25965474 7 23 theme Higher 1026:1031 arg1 Tm 1054:1055 Tm 1054:1055 Tm 1054:1055 Higher melting temperature (Tm) was found for nanocomposites with Method 2, indicating more ordered structures. 25965474 5 24 theme different 922:930 arg1 methods 944:950 the two different preparation methods 914:950 the two different preparation methods 914:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 6 25 theme intercalated 1001:1012 arg1 structures 1014:1023 intercalated structures 1001:1023 intercalated structures 1001:1023 X-ray diffraction of the starch films indicated intercalated structures. 25965474 7 26 theme melting 1033:1039 arg1 temperature 1041:1051 Higher melting temperature 1026:1051 Higher melting temperature (Tm) 1026:1056 Higher melting temperature (Tm) was found for nanocomposites with Method 2, indicating more ordered structures. 25965474 7 26 theme melting 1033:1039 arg1 Tm 1054:1055 Tm 1054:1055 Tm 1054:1055 Higher melting temperature (Tm) was found for nanocomposites with Method 2, indicating more ordered structures. 25965474 3 27 theme highest 571:577 arg1 strength 587:594 the highest tensile strength 567:594 the highest tensile strength 567:594 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 8 28 theme higher 1174:1179 arg1 Tm 1181:1182 higher Tm 1174:1182 higher Tm 1174:1182 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 0 29 theme addition 14:21 arg1 order 23:27 addition order 14:27 addition order 14:27 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 1 30 theme MMT 229:231 arg1 % 252:252 5 and 15% 244:252 5 and 15% 244:252 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 1 30 theme MMT 229:231 arg1 fraction 234:241 montmorillonite (MMT) fraction 212:241 montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) 212:253 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 4 31 theme meanwhile 724:732 arg1 content 715:721 less amylose content 702:721 less amylose content 702:721 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 4 31 theme meanwhile 724:732 arg1 Method 734:739 meanwhile Method 2 724:741 meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content 724:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 5 32 theme different 883:891 arg1 content 901:907 different amylose content 883:907 different amylose content with the two different preparation methods 883:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 5 33 theme starch 865:870 arg1 films 872:876 starch films 865:876 starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods 865:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 0 34 theme films 101:105 arg1 properties 87:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties 52:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite 52:142 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 1 35 theme barrier 296:302 arg1 properties 304:313 mechanical and barrier properties 281:313 properties 304:313 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 1 36 theme amylose 181:187 arg1 content 189:195 amylose content 181:195 amylose content (30% and 70%) 181:209 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 5 37 with content 901:907 arg1 methods 944:950 the two different preparation methods 914:950 the two different preparation methods 914:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 1 38 theme fraction 234:241 arg1 effect 171:176 the effect 167:176 the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting 167:363 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 2 39 theme MMT 448:450 arg1 addition 452:459 MMT addition 448:459 MMT addition 448:459 In Method 1, (30% w/w) glycerol was incorporated before starch gelatinization and MMT addition, while in Method 2 after gelatinization and MMT addition. 25965474 3 40 theme MMT 556:558 arg1 MMT 556:558 MMT 556:558 MMT 556:558 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 3 40 theme MMT 556:558 arg1 amount 546:551 higher amount 539:551 higher amount of MMT 539:558 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 1 41 theme content 189:195 arg1 effect 171:176 the effect 167:176 the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting 167:363 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 0 42 theme order 23:27 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 0:143 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 3 43 theme higher 539:544 arg1 MMT 556:558 MMT 556:558 MMT 556:558 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 3 43 theme higher 539:544 arg1 amount 546:551 higher amount 539:551 higher amount of MMT 539:558 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 8 44 with Films 1138:1142 arg1 content 1161:1167 70% amylose content 1149:1167 70% amylose content 1149:1167 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 0 45 theme content 41:47 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 0:143 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 1 46 theme starch/clay 318:328 arg1 nanocomposites 330:343 starch/clay nanocomposites 318:343 starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting 318:363 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 8 47 contain have 1169:1172 arg1 Films 1138:1142 Films 1138:1142 Films with 70% amylose content 1138:1167 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 8 47 contain have 1169:1172 arg2 Tm 1181:1182 higher Tm 1174:1182 higher Tm 1174:1182 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 8 48 with films 1189:1193 arg1 amylose 1204:1210 30% amylose 1200:1210 30% amylose 1200:1210 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 0 49 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 87:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties 52:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite 52:142 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 7 50 with nanocomposites 1072:1085 arg1 Method 1092:1097 Method 2 1092:1099 Method 2 1092:1099 Higher melting temperature (Tm) was found for nanocomposites with Method 2, indicating more ordered structures. 25965474 1 51 theme nanocomposites 330:343 arg1 properties 304:313 mechanical and barrier properties 281:313 properties 304:313 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 0 52 dep order 23:27 arg1 the 10:12 the 10:12 the 10:12 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 8 53 theme % 1202:1202 arg1 amylose 1204:1210 30% amylose 1200:1210 30% amylose 1200:1210 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 8 54 theme 30 1200:1201 arg1 % 1202:1202 % 1202:1202 % 1202:1202 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 3 55 theme tensile 579:585 arg1 strength 587:594 the highest tensile strength 567:594 the highest tensile strength 567:594 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 1 56 dep content 189:195 arg1 % 200:200 30% 198:200 30% 198:200 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 1 56 dep content 189:195 arg1 % 208:208 70% 206:208 70% 206:208 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 4 57 theme films 691:695 arg1 properties 677:686 nanocomposite properties 663:686 nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content 663:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 5 58 theme Water 806:810 arg1 permeability 818:829 Water vapor permeability 806:829 Water vapor permeability 806:829 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 6 59 theme X-ray 953:957 arg1 diffraction 959:969 X-ray diffraction 953:969 X-ray diffraction of the starch films 953:989 X-ray diffraction of the starch films indicated intercalated structures. 25965474 0 60 theme mechanical 52:61 arg1 properties 87:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties 52:96 mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite 52:142 Effect of the addition order and amylose content on mechanical, barrier and structural properties of films made with starch and montmorillonite. 25965474 4 61 theme amylose 707:713 arg1 content 715:721 less amylose content 702:721 less amylose content 702:721 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 4 61 theme amylose 707:713 arg1 Method 734:739 meanwhile Method 2 724:741 meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content 724:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 1 62 from effect 171:176 arg1 properties 304:313 mechanical and barrier properties 281:313 properties 304:313 This study considered the effect of amylose content (30% and 70%), montmorillonite (MMT) fraction (5 and 15%) and preparation method on mechanical and barrier properties of starch/clay nanocomposites prepared by casting. 25965474 8 63 theme amylose 1153:1159 arg1 content 1161:1167 70% amylose content 1149:1167 70% amylose content 1149:1167 Films with 70% amylose content have higher Tm than films with 30% amylose. 25965474 3 64 theme Young 600:604 arg1 modulus 608:614 Young's modulus 600:614 Young's modulus for both preparation methods 600:643 Nanocomposites with higher amount of MMT showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus for both preparation methods. 25965474 5 65 theme preparation 932:942 arg1 methods 944:950 the two different preparation methods 914:950 the two different preparation methods 914:950 Water vapor permeability did not decrease significantly in starch films with different amylose content with the two different preparation methods. 25965474 4 66 with films 691:695 arg1 content 715:721 less amylose content 702:721 less amylose content 702:721 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 4 66 with films 691:695 arg1 Method 734:739 meanwhile Method 2 724:741 meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content 724:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 25965474 4 67 with properties 766:775 arg1 content 797:803 higher amylose content 782:803 higher amylose content 782:803 Method 1 favored nanocomposite properties of films with less amylose content, meanwhile Method 2 favored nanocomposites properties with higher amylose content. 26467012 2 0 from mg/kg 845:849 arg1 d 924:924 d 21 924:927 d 21 924:927 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 1 theme % 799:799 arg1 FOS 801:803 0.5% FOS 796:803 0.5% FOS 796:803 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 8 2 theme significant 1699:1709 arg1 differences 1711:1721 significant differences 1699:1721 significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens 1699:1765 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 6 3 theme IgY 1375:1377 arg1 levels 1379:1384 natural IgY levels 1367:1384 natural IgY levels (P<0.0001) 1367:1395 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 6 3 theme IgY 1375:1377 arg1 P<0.0001 1387:1394 P<0.0001 1387:1394 P<0.0001 1387:1394 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 2 4 theme positive 600:607 arg1 control 609:615 positive control 600:615 positive control (PC) 600:620 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 4 theme positive 600:607 arg1 PC 618:619 PC 618:619 PC 618:619 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 10 5 theme IgY 1943:1945 arg1 levels 1947:1952 serum IgY levels 1937:1952 serum IgY levels 1937:1952 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 1 6 dep Salmonella 432:441 arg1 Enteritidis 443:453 Enteritidis 443:453 Enteritidis 443:453 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 2 7 dep mg/kg 845:849 arg1 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 7 dep mg/kg 845:849 arg1 saline 908:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline 881:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 881:919 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 7 dep mg/kg 845:849 arg1 LPS 874:876 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS 851:876 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS 851:876 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 1 8 from weight 340:345 arg1 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 8 from weight 340:345 arg1 broilers 399:406 broilers 399:406 broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 399:479 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 6 9 theme specific 1447:1454 arg1 levels 1460:1465 specific IgY levels 1447:1465 specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003) 1447:1498 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 2 10 theme wheat-corn-soybean 623:640 arg1 meal 642:645 wheat-corn-soybean meal 623:645 wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS 623:803 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 3 11 theme Growth 930:935 arg1 performance 937:947 Growth performance 930:947 Growth performance 930:947 Growth performance and relative lymphoid organ weight were not significantly different among the treatments. 26467012 8 12 theme immune 1730:1735 arg1 responses 1737:1745 the immune responses 1726:1745 the immune responses in broiler chickens 1726:1765 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 1 13 from performance 312:322 arg1 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 13 from performance 312:322 arg1 broilers 399:406 broilers 399:406 broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 399:479 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 3 14 theme lymphoid 962:969 arg1 weight 977:982 relative lymphoid organ weight 953:982 relative lymphoid organ weight 953:982 Growth performance and relative lymphoid organ weight were not significantly different among the treatments. 26467012 4 15 theme Villus 1039:1044 arg1 height 1046:1051 Villus height 1039:1051 Villus height 1039:1051 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 6 16 theme significant 1404:1414 arg1 effect 1424:1429 a significant dietary effect 1402:1429 a significant dietary effect 1402:1429 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 2 17 theme dietary 563:569 arg1 treatments 571:580 3 dietary treatments 561:580 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21 558:597 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 10 18 theme levels 1947:1952 arg1 alteration 1896:1905 the alteration 1892:1905 the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge 1892:1981 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 7 19 from expression 1543:1552 arg1 ileum 1618:1622 the ileum 1614:1622 the ileum of the birds 1614:1635 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 1 20 from status 389:394 arg1 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 20 from status 389:394 arg1 broilers 399:406 broilers 399:406 broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 399:479 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 0 21 from performance 70:80 arg1 chickens 138:145 broiler chickens 130:145 broiler chickens 130:145 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 1 22 theme Salmonella 432:441 arg1 LPS 476:478 LPS 476:478 LPS 476:478 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 22 theme Salmonella 432:441 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 455:473 Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides 432:473 Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 432:479 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 4 23 theme mucosa 1077:1082 arg1 thickness 1084:1092 total mucosa thickness 1071:1092 total mucosa thickness 1071:1092 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 7 24 theme -γ 1603:1604 arg1 mRNA 1606:1609 -γ mRNA 1603:1609 -γ mRNA 1603:1609 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 2 25 theme intraperitoneal 815:829 arg1 injections 831:840 2 intraperitoneal injections 813:840 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections 810:840 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 26 theme 3×2 518:520 arg1 arrangement 532:542 a 3×2 factorial arrangement 516:542 a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections 516:840 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 9 27 theme genes 1870:1874 arg1 expressions 1838:1848 the expressions 1834:1848 the expressions of certain cytokine genes 1834:1874 FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. 26467012 0 28 theme intestinal 83:92 arg1 morphology 94:103 intestinal morphology 83:103 intestinal morphology 83:103 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 2 29 theme buffered 899:906 arg1 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 29 theme buffered 899:906 arg1 saline 908:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline 881:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 881:919 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 4 30 theme broiler 1148:1154 arg1 chickens 1156:1163 broiler chickens 1148:1163 broiler chickens fed NC+FOS 1148:1174 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 10 31 theme FOS 1995:1997 arg1 supplementation 1999:2013 FOS supplementation 1995:2013 FOS supplementation 1995:2013 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 8 32 theme Salmonella 1650:1659 arg1 challenge 1677:1685 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge 1650:1685 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge 1650:1685 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 1 33 from morphology 359:368 arg1 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 n=180 409:413 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 33 from morphology 359:368 arg1 broilers 399:406 broilers 399:406 broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 399:479 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 0 34 theme immune 110:115 arg1 responses 117:125 immune responses 110:125 immune responses 110:125 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 0 35 theme supplementation 44:58 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens 0:145 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 8 36 theme LPS 1673:1675 arg1 challenge 1677:1685 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge 1650:1685 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge 1650:1685 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 5 37 theme increased 1257:1265 arg1 count 1276:1280 increased monocyte count 1257:1280 increased monocyte count 1257:1280 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 1 38 theme growth 305:310 arg1 performance 312:322 growth performance 305:322 growth performance 305:322 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 6 39 located observed 1435:1442 arg2 effect 1424:1429 a significant dietary effect 1402:1429 a significant dietary effect 1402:1429 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 6 39 located observed 1435:1442 arg1 levels 1460:1465 specific IgY levels 1447:1465 specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003) 1447:1498 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 7 40 theme interleukin 1557:1567 arg1 expression 1543:1552 the expression 1539:1552 the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds 1539:1635 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 2 41 theme Salmonella 851:860 arg1 LPS 874:876 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS 851:876 Salmonella Enteritidis LPS 851:876 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 10 42 theme broiler 2092:2098 arg1 chickens 2100:2107 broiler chickens 2092:2107 broiler chickens 2092:2107 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 5 43 theme NC+FOS 1213:1218 arg1 treatment 1220:1228 NC+FOS treatment 1213:1228 NC+FOS treatment 1213:1228 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 9 44 theme certain 1853:1859 arg1 genes 1870:1874 certain cytokine genes 1853:1874 certain cytokine genes 1853:1874 FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. 26467012 0 45 theme fructooligosaccharide 22:42 arg1 supplementation 44:58 dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation 14:58 dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation 14:58 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 1 46 theme organ 334:338 arg1 weight 340:345 lymphoid organ weight 325:345 lymphoid organ weight 325:345 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 6 47 theme Significant 1312:1322 arg1 interaction 1339:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction 1312:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction 1312:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 10 48 theme protective 2042:2051 arg1 outcomes 2053:2060 protective outcomes 2042:2060 protective outcomes 2042:2060 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 2 49 theme sterile 881:887 arg1 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 49 theme sterile 881:887 arg1 saline 908:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline 881:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 881:919 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 50 dep injections 831:840 arg1 2 810:810 2 810:810 2 810:810 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 10 51 theme serum 1937:1941 arg1 levels 1947:1952 serum IgY levels 1937:1952 serum IgY levels 1937:1952 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 9 52 theme cytokine 1861:1868 arg1 genes 1870:1874 certain cytokine genes 1853:1874 certain cytokine genes 1853:1874 FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. 26467012 10 53 from alteration 1896:1905 arg1 response 1957:1964 response 1957:1964 response to LPS challenge 1957:1981 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 6 54 located observed 1355:1362 arg1 levels 1379:1384 natural IgY levels 1367:1384 natural IgY levels (P<0.0001) 1367:1395 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 6 54 located observed 1355:1362 arg2 interaction 1339:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction 1312:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction 1312:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 6 54 located observed 1355:1362 arg1 P<0.0001 1387:1394 P<0.0001 1387:1394 P<0.0001 1387:1394 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 10 55 theme compositions 1920:1931 arg1 alteration 1896:1905 the alteration 1892:1905 the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge 1892:1981 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 9 56 theme FOS 1768:1770 arg1 supplementation 1772:1786 FOS supplementation 1768:1786 FOS supplementation 1768:1786 FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. 26467012 1 57 theme fructooligosaccharide 258:278 arg1 supplementation 286:300 fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation 258:300 fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation 258:300 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 2 58 dep d 587:587 arg1 to 593:594 to 593:594 to 593:594 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 10 59 theme LPS 1969:1971 arg1 challenge 1973:1981 LPS challenge 1969:1981 LPS challenge 1969:1981 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 1 60 theme FOS 281:283 arg1 supplementation 286:300 fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation 258:300 fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation 258:300 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 7 61 theme birds 1631:1635 arg1 ileum 1618:1622 the ileum 1614:1622 the ileum of the birds 1614:1635 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 2 62 theme 0.5 796:798 arg1 % 799:799 % 799:799 % 799:799 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 63 from d 587:587 arg1 treatments 571:580 3 dietary treatments 561:580 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21 558:597 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 63 from d 587:587 arg1 control 609:615 positive control 600:615 positive control (PC) 600:620 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 63 from d 587:587 arg1 meal 642:645 wheat-corn-soybean meal 623:645 wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS 623:803 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 63 from d 587:587 arg1 injections 831:840 2 intraperitoneal injections 813:840 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections 810:840 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 63 from d 587:587 arg1 PC 618:619 PC 618:619 PC 618:619 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 6 64 theme natural 1367:1373 arg1 levels 1379:1384 natural IgY levels 1367:1384 natural IgY levels (P<0.0001) 1367:1395 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 6 64 theme natural 1367:1373 arg1 P<0.0001 1387:1394 P<0.0001 1387:1394 P<0.0001 1387:1394 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 1 65 theme supplementation 286:300 arg1 effects 247:253 the effects 243:253 the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 243:479 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 2 66 dep treatments 571:580 arg1 1 558:558 1 558:558 1 558:558 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 3 67 theme organ 971:975 arg1 weight 977:982 relative lymphoid organ weight 953:982 relative lymphoid organ weight 953:982 Growth performance and relative lymphoid organ weight were not significantly different among the treatments. 26467012 4 68 theme total 1071:1075 arg1 thickness 1084:1092 total mucosa thickness 1071:1092 total mucosa thickness 1071:1092 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 2 69 dep Salmonella 851:860 arg1 Enteritidis 862:872 Enteritidis 862:872 Enteritidis 862:872 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 8 70 theme broiler 1750:1756 arg1 chickens 1758:1765 broiler chickens 1750:1765 broiler chickens 1750:1765 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 5 71 contain had 1230:1232 arg2 heterophil 1242:1251 reduced heterophil 1234:1251 reduced heterophil 1234:1251 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 5 71 contain had 1230:1232 arg2 count 1276:1280 increased monocyte count 1257:1280 increased monocyte count 1257:1280 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 5 71 contain had 1230:1232 arg1 Birds 1204:1208 Birds 1204:1208 Birds in NC+FOS treatment 1204:1228 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 3 72 theme relative 953:960 arg1 weight 977:982 relative lymphoid organ weight 953:982 relative lymphoid organ weight 953:982 Growth performance and relative lymphoid organ weight were not significantly different among the treatments. 26467012 5 73 from Birds 1204:1208 arg1 treatment 1220:1228 NC+FOS treatment 1213:1228 NC+FOS treatment 1213:1228 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 8 74 dep Salmonella 1650:1659 arg1 Enteritidis 1661:1671 Enteritidis 1661:1671 Enteritidis 1661:1671 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 0 75 theme broiler 130:136 arg1 chickens 138:145 broiler chickens 130:145 broiler chickens 130:145 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 6 76 theme dietary 1416:1422 arg1 effect 1424:1429 a significant dietary effect 1402:1429 a significant dietary effect 1402:1429 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 7 77 theme FOS 1520:1522 arg1 Supplementation 1501:1515 Supplementation 1501:1515 Supplementation of FOS 1501:1522 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 0 78 from morphology 94:103 arg1 chickens 138:145 broiler chickens 130:145 broiler chickens 130:145 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 4 79 theme crypt 1054:1058 arg1 depth 1060:1064 crypt depth 1054:1064 crypt depth 1054:1064 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 4 80 dep increased 1113:1121 arg1 P<0.05 1124:1129 P<0.05 1124:1129 P<0.05 1124:1129 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 2 81 theme negative 710:717 arg1 NC 728:729 NC 728:729 NC 728:729 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 81 theme negative 710:717 arg1 control 719:725 negative control 710:725 negative control (NC) 710:730 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 0 82 theme Salmonella 163:172 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 186:204 Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides 163:204 Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides 163:204 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 0 83 from responses 117:125 arg1 chickens 138:145 broiler chickens 130:145 broiler chickens 130:145 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 1 84 from effects 247:253 arg1 weight 340:345 lymphoid organ weight 325:345 lymphoid organ weight 325:345 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 84 from effects 247:253 arg1 morphology 359:368 intestinal morphology 348:368 intestinal morphology 348:368 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 84 from effects 247:253 arg1 performance 312:322 growth performance 305:322 growth performance 305:322 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 1 84 from effects 247:253 arg1 status 389:394 immunological status 375:394 immunological status 375:394 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 0 85 dep Salmonella 163:172 arg1 Enteritidis 174:184 Enteritidis 174:184 Enteritidis 174:184 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 2 86 dep antibiotics 668:678 arg1 monensin 699:706 monensin 699:706 monensin 699:706 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 86 dep antibiotics 668:678 arg1 virginiamycin 681:693 virginiamycin 681:693 virginiamycin 681:693 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 86 dep antibiotics 668:678 arg1 antibiotics 668:678 antibiotics 668:678 antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin) 668:707 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 10 87 theme gut 2065:2067 arg1 health 2069:2074 gut health 2065:2074 gut health 2065:2074 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 9 88 theme ileal 1798:1802 arg1 thickness 1811:1819 ileal mucosa thickness 1798:1819 ileal mucosa thickness 1798:1819 FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. 26467012 6 89 from levels 1460:1465 arg1 chickens 1470:1477 chickens 1470:1477 chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003) 1470:1498 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 2 90 theme factorial 522:530 arg1 arrangement 532:542 a 3×2 factorial arrangement 516:542 a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections 516:840 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 7 91 dep interleukin 1557:1567 arg1 mRNA 1606:1609 -γ mRNA 1603:1609 -γ mRNA 1603:1609 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 6 92 theme IgY 1456:1458 arg1 levels 1460:1465 specific IgY levels 1447:1465 specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003) 1447:1498 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 7 93 theme interferon 1587:1596 arg1 expression 1543:1552 the expression 1539:1552 the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds 1539:1635 Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. 26467012 0 94 from effect 4:9 arg1 performance 70:80 growth performance 63:80 growth performance 63:80 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 0 94 from effect 4:9 arg1 morphology 94:103 intestinal morphology 83:103 intestinal morphology 83:103 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 0 94 from effect 4:9 arg1 responses 117:125 immune responses 110:125 immune responses 110:125 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 4 95 theme chickens 1156:1163 arg1 ileum 1139:1143 the ileum 1135:1143 the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS 1135:1174 Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. 26467012 1 96 theme immunological 375:387 arg1 status 389:394 immunological status 375:394 immunological status 375:394 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 9 97 theme mucosa 1804:1809 arg1 thickness 1811:1819 ileal mucosa thickness 1798:1819 ileal mucosa thickness 1798:1819 FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. 26467012 5 98 theme reduced 1234:1240 arg1 heterophil 1242:1251 reduced heterophil 1234:1251 reduced heterophil 1234:1251 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 10 99 theme chickens 2100:2107 arg1 immunity 2080:2087 immunity 2080:2087 immunity 2080:2087 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 10 99 theme chickens 2100:2107 arg1 health 2069:2074 gut health 2065:2074 gut health 2065:2074 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 26467012 0 100 theme dietary 14:20 arg1 supplementation 44:58 dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation 14:58 dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation 14:58 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 8 101 from differences 1711:1721 arg1 responses 1737:1745 the immune responses 1726:1745 the immune responses in broiler chickens 1726:1765 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 6 102 theme diet×challenge 1324:1337 arg1 interaction 1339:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction 1312:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction 1312:1349 Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). 26467012 1 103 theme lymphoid 325:332 arg1 weight 340:345 lymphoid organ weight 325:345 lymphoid organ weight 325:345 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 2 104 theme phosphate 889:897 arg1 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 PBS 916:918 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 2 104 theme phosphate 889:897 arg1 saline 908:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline 881:913 sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 881:919 Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. 26467012 0 105 theme growth 63:68 arg1 performance 70:80 growth performance 63:80 growth performance 63:80 The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. 26467012 8 106 from responses 1737:1745 arg1 chickens 1758:1765 broiler chickens 1750:1765 broiler chickens 1750:1765 In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. 26467012 1 107 theme intestinal 348:357 arg1 morphology 359:368 intestinal morphology 348:368 intestinal morphology 348:368 This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 26467012 5 108 theme monocyte 1267:1274 arg1 count 1276:1280 increased monocyte count 1257:1280 increased monocyte count 1257:1280 Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). 26467012 10 109 theme leukocyte 1910:1918 arg1 compositions 1920:1931 leukocyte compositions 1910:1931 leukocyte compositions 1910:1931 It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens. 25664869 6 0 theme PHB 892:894 arg1 crystallinity 861:873 The relative crystallinity 848:873 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB 848:894 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 2 1 theme grafting 323:330 arg1 efficiency 332:341 grafting efficiency 323:341 grafting efficiency 323:341 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 1 2 theme in 225:226 arg1 extrusion 242:250 in situ reactive extrusion 225:250 in situ reactive extrusion 225:250 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 0 3 theme in 67:68 arg1 extrusion 84:92 in situ reactive extrusion 67:92 in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide 67:114 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 6 4 dep Fourier 917:923 arg1 transform 925:933 transform 925:933 transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 925:1094 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 10 5 dep compositions 1482:1493 arg1 compositions 1482:1493 the compositions 1478:1493 the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1478:1554 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 5 dep compositions 1482:1493 arg1 PHB 1497:1499 %PHB 1496:1499 %PHB 1496:1499 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 5 dep compositions 1482:1493 arg1 cellulose 1506:1514 %cellulose 1505:1514 %cellulose 1505:1514 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 6 6 theme X-ray 963:967 arg1 XRD 982:984 XRD 982:984 XRD 982:984 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 6 6 theme X-ray 963:967 arg1 diffraction 969:979 X-ray diffraction 963:979 X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 963:993 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 7 7 theme crystallinity 1114:1126 arg1 reduction 1101:1109 The reduction 1097:1109 The reduction of crystallinity 1097:1126 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 6 8 theme cellulose 878:886 arg1 crystallinity 861:873 The relative crystallinity 848:873 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB 848:894 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 7 9 theme PHB 1265:1267 arg1 regions 1235:1241 crystalline regions 1223:1241 crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB 1223:1267 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 1 10 theme reactive 233:240 arg1 extrusion 242:250 in situ reactive extrusion 225:250 in situ reactive extrusion 225:250 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 0 11 theme reactive 75:82 arg1 extrusion 84:92 in situ reactive extrusion 67:92 in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide 67:114 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 3 12 theme resonance 470:478 arg1 analysis 486:493 electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis 456:493 electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis 456:493 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 0 13 theme dicumyl 99:105 arg1 peroxide 107:114 dicumyl peroxide 99:114 dicumyl peroxide 99:114 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 5 14 theme PHB 807:809 arg1 surfaces 781:788 the surfaces 777:788 the surfaces of cellulose and PHB 777:809 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 2 15 theme reaction 376:383 arg1 time 385:388 reaction time 376:388 reaction time 376:388 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 4 16 theme magnetic 625:632 arg1 NMR 645:647 NMR 645:647 NMR 645:647 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 25664869 4 16 theme magnetic 625:632 arg1 resonance 634:642 nuclear magnetic resonance 617:642 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 617:661 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 25664869 6 17 theme relative 852:859 arg1 crystallinity 861:873 The relative crystallinity 848:873 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB 848:894 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 6 18 theme diffraction 969:979 arg1 results 987:993 X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 963:993 X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 963:993 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 1 19 theme cellulose 160:168 arg1 fiber 170:174 cellulose fiber 160:174 cellulose fiber 160:174 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 10 20 theme % 1496:1496 arg1 compositions 1482:1493 the compositions 1478:1493 the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1478:1554 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 20 theme % 1496:1496 arg1 PHB 1497:1499 %PHB 1496:1499 %PHB 1496:1499 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 21 theme % 1505:1505 arg1 compositions 1482:1493 the compositions 1478:1493 the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1478:1554 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 21 theme % 1505:1505 arg1 cellulose 1506:1514 %cellulose 1505:1514 %cellulose 1505:1514 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 2 22 theme cellulose-g-PHB 279:293 arg1 copolymer 296:304 the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer 266:304 the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer 266:304 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 10 23 theme copolymer 1546:1554 arg1 compositions 1482:1493 the compositions 1478:1493 the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1478:1554 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 23 theme copolymer 1546:1554 arg1 PHB 1497:1499 %PHB 1496:1499 %PHB 1496:1499 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 23 theme copolymer 1546:1554 arg1 cellulose 1506:1514 %cellulose 1505:1514 %cellulose 1505:1514 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 10 24 theme tunable 1597:1603 arg1 properties 1605:1614 tunable properties 1597:1614 tunable properties 1597:1614 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 7 25 theme grafting 1142:1149 arg1 reaction 1151:1158 the grafting reaction 1138:1158 the grafting reaction 1138:1158 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 10 26 theme reaction 1458:1465 arg1 parameters 1467:1476 the reaction parameters 1454:1476 the reaction parameters 1454:1476 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 0 27 with extrusion 84:92 arg1 peroxide 107:114 dicumyl peroxide 99:114 dicumyl peroxide 99:114 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 0 28 dep in 67:68 arg1 situ 70:73 situ 70:73 situ 70:73 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 4 29 theme resonance 634:642 arg1 spectroscopy 650:661 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 617:661 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 617:661 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 25664869 0 30 theme polyhydroxybutyrate 22:40 arg1 Grafting 0:7 Grafting 0:7 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 0:115 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 6 31 theme crystallinity 1025:1037 arg1 degree 1015:1020 the absolute degree 1002:1020 the absolute degree of crystallinity 1002:1037 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 5 32 theme Scanning 664:671 arg1 SEM 696:698 SEM 696:698 SEM 696:698 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 5 32 theme Scanning 664:671 arg1 microscopy 684:693 Scanning electronic microscopy 664:693 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) 664:699 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 9 33 theme grafted 1393:1399 arg1 copolymer 1401:1409 the grafted copolymer 1389:1409 the grafted copolymer 1389:1409 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the grafted copolymer was stabilized relative to PHB. 25664869 2 34 theme grafted 270:276 arg1 copolymer 296:304 the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer 266:304 the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer 266:304 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 1 35 theme dicumyl 179:185 arg1 peroxide 187:194 dicumyl peroxide 179:194 dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion 179:250 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 1 35 theme dicumyl 179:185 arg1 DCP 197:199 DCP 197:199 DCP 197:199 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 0 36 theme bacterial 12:20 arg1 PHB 43:45 PHB 43:45 PHB 43:45 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 0 36 theme bacterial 12:20 arg1 polyhydroxybutyrate 22:40 bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate 12:40 bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) 12:46 Grafting of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) onto cellulose via in situ reactive extrusion with dicumyl peroxide. 25664869 5 37 theme electronic 673:682 arg1 SEM 696:698 SEM 696:698 SEM 696:698 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 5 37 theme electronic 673:682 arg1 microscopy 684:693 Scanning electronic microscopy 664:693 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) 664:699 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 8 38 theme crystal 1282:1288 arg1 sizes 1290:1294 The smaller crystal sizes 1270:1294 The smaller crystal sizes 1270:1294 The smaller crystal sizes suggested the brittleness of PHB was decreased. 25664869 1 39 theme peroxide 187:194 arg1 initiation 210:219 dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation 179:219 dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion 179:250 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 10 40 theme cellulose-g-PHB 1530:1544 arg1 copolymer 1546:1554 resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1520:1554 resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1520:1554 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 3 41 theme radical 547:553 arg1 initiation 555:564 DCP radical initiation 543:564 DCP radical initiation 543:564 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 7 42 theme cellulose 1251:1259 arg1 regions 1235:1241 crystalline regions 1223:1241 crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB 1223:1267 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 5 43 theme continuous 752:761 arg1 phase 763:767 a continuous phase 750:767 a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB 750:809 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 5 44 theme cellulose-PHB 826:838 arg1 blends 840:845 cellulose-PHB blends 826:845 cellulose-PHB blends 826:845 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 6 45 dep transform 925:933 arg1 infrared 935:942 infrared 935:942 infrared 935:942 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 2 46 theme DCP 394:396 arg1 concentration 398:410 DCP concentration 394:410 DCP concentration 394:410 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 3 47 theme grafting 417:424 arg1 mechanism 426:434 The grafting mechanism 413:434 The grafting mechanism 413:434 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 10 48 theme resultant 1520:1528 arg1 copolymer 1546:1554 resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1520:1554 resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 1520:1554 By varying the reaction parameters the compositions (%PHB and %cellulose) of resultant cellulose-g-PHB copolymer are expected to be manipulated to obtain tunable properties. 25664869 6 49 theme FTIR 945:948 arg1 spectra 951:957 (FTIR) spectra 944:957 (FTIR) spectra 944:957 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 2 50 dep time 385:388 arg1 the 372:374 the 372:374 the 372:374 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 8 51 theme PHB 1325:1327 arg1 brittleness 1310:1320 the brittleness 1306:1320 the brittleness of PHB 1306:1327 The smaller crystal sizes suggested the brittleness of PHB was decreased. 25664869 3 52 theme electron 456:463 arg1 ESR 481:483 ESR 481:483 ESR 481:483 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 3 52 theme electron 456:463 arg1 resonance 470:478 electron spin resonance 456:478 electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis 456:493 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 7 53 dep occurred 1160:1167 arg1 indicated 1128:1136 indicated 1128:1136 indicated 1128:1136 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 3 54 theme DCP 543:545 arg1 initiation 555:564 DCP radical initiation 543:564 DCP radical initiation 543:564 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 3 55 theme spin 465:468 arg1 ESR 481:483 ESR 481:483 ESR 481:483 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 3 55 theme spin 465:468 arg1 resonance 470:478 electron spin resonance 456:478 electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis 456:493 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 3 56 theme radicals 522:529 arg1 presence 510:517 the presence 506:517 the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation 506:564 The grafting mechanism was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and showed the presence of radicals produced by DCP radical initiation. 25664869 2 57 theme copolymer 296:304 arg1 yield 257:261 The yield 253:261 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer 253:304 The yield of the grafted (cellulose-g-PHB) copolymer was recorded and grafting efficiency was found to be dependent on the reaction time and DCP concentration. 25664869 9 58 theme Thermogravimetric 1344:1360 arg1 TGA 1372:1374 TGA 1372:1374 TGA 1372:1374 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the grafted copolymer was stabilized relative to PHB. 25664869 9 58 theme Thermogravimetric 1344:1360 arg1 analysis 1362:1369 Thermogravimetric analysis 1344:1369 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1344:1375 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the grafted copolymer was stabilized relative to PHB. 25664869 1 59 dep in 225:226 arg1 situ 228:231 situ 228:231 situ 228:231 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 8 60 theme smaller 1274:1280 arg1 sizes 1290:1294 The smaller crystal sizes 1270:1294 The smaller crystal sizes 1270:1294 The smaller crystal sizes suggested the brittleness of PHB was decreased. 25664869 1 61 theme radical 202:208 arg1 initiation 210:219 dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation 179:219 dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion 179:250 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was grafted onto cellulose fiber by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiation via in situ reactive extrusion. 25664869 7 62 theme amorphous 1185:1193 arg1 region 1195:1200 the amorphous region 1181:1200 the amorphous region 1181:1200 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 8 63 dep suggested 1296:1304 arg1 decreased 1333:1341 decreased 1333:1341 suggested the brittleness of PHB was decreased 1296:1341 The smaller crystal sizes suggested the brittleness of PHB was decreased. 25664869 6 64 theme absolute 1006:1013 arg1 degree 1015:1020 the absolute degree 1002:1020 the absolute degree of crystallinity 1002:1037 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 6 65 theme scanning 1069:1076 arg1 DSC 1091:1093 DSC 1091:1093 DSC 1091:1093 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 6 65 theme scanning 1069:1076 arg1 calorimetry 1078:1088 differential scanning calorimetry 1056:1088 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 1056:1094 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 4 66 theme nuclear 617:623 arg1 NMR 645:647 NMR 645:647 NMR 645:647 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 25664869 4 66 theme nuclear 617:623 arg1 resonance 634:642 nuclear magnetic resonance 617:642 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 617:661 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 25664869 4 67 theme copolymer 579:587 arg1 structure 589:597 The grafted copolymer structure 567:597 The grafted copolymer structure 567:597 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 25664869 5 68 theme cellulose-g-PHB 717:731 arg1 copolymer 733:741 the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 713:741 the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer 713:741 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 5 69 theme cellulose 793:801 arg1 surfaces 781:788 the surfaces 777:788 the surfaces of cellulose and PHB 777:809 Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-g-PHB copolymer formed a continuous phase between the surfaces of cellulose and PHB as compared to cellulose-PHB blends. 25664869 7 70 theme crystalline 1223:1233 arg1 regions 1235:1241 crystalline regions 1223:1241 crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB 1223:1267 The reduction of crystallinity indicated the grafting reaction occurred not just in the amorphous region but also slightly in crystalline regions of both cellulose and PHB. 25664869 6 71 theme differential 1056:1067 arg1 DSC 1091:1093 DSC 1091:1093 DSC 1091:1093 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 6 71 theme differential 1056:1067 arg1 calorimetry 1078:1088 differential scanning calorimetry 1056:1088 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 1056:1094 The relative crystallinity of cellulose and PHB were quantified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, while the absolute degree of crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 25664869 4 72 theme grafted 571:577 arg1 structure 589:597 The grafted copolymer structure 567:597 The grafted copolymer structure 567:597 The grafted copolymer structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 26182904 10 0 dep confinement 1560:1570 arg1 3 1543:1543 3 1543:1543 3 1543:1543 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 0 1 from Recrystallization 14:30 arg1 Nanocomposites 56:69 Nanocomposites 56:69 Nanocomposites 56:69 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. 26182904 5 2 theme relative 661:668 arg1 humidity 670:677 94% relative humidity 657:677 94% relative humidity 657:677 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 5 3 theme Solid-state 586:596 arg1 transformation 598:611 Solid-state transformation 586:611 Solid-state transformation of the lactose 586:626 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 4 4 theme amorphous 517:525 arg1 lactose 527:533 amorphous lactose 517:533 amorphous lactose 517:533 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 4 5 theme fumed 539:543 arg1 silica 545:550 fumed silica 539:550 fumed silica 539:550 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 10 6 theme silica 1510:1515 arg1 surface 1495:1501 the surface 1491:1501 the surface of the silica (rigidification) 1491:1532 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 6 theme silica 1510:1515 arg1 interactions 1444:1455 molecular interactions 1434:1455 molecular interactions between the lactose molecules 1434:1485 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 7 dep lowered 1397:1403 arg1 2 1394:1394 2 1394:1394 2 1394:1394 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 8 theme lactose 1305:1311 arg1 separation 1277:1286 (1) separation 1273:1286 (1) separation 1273:1286 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 0 9 from Inhibition 0:9 arg1 Nanocomposites 56:69 Nanocomposites 56:69 Nanocomposites 56:69 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. 26182904 10 10 from lactose 1203:1209 arg1 nanocomposites 1218:1231 the nanocomposites 1214:1231 the nanocomposites 1214:1231 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 1 11 from nanocomposites 174:187 arg1 recrystallization 132:148 the recrystallization 128:148 the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites 128:187 This study aims at investigating the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites. 26182904 10 12 theme amorphous 1295:1303 arg1 lactose 1305:1311 the amorphous lactose 1291:1311 the amorphous lactose 1291:1311 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 0 13 from Nanocomposites 56:69 arg1 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites 0:69 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. 26182904 5 14 theme X-ray 685:689 arg1 diffraction 698:708 X-ray powder diffraction 685:708 X-ray powder diffraction 685:708 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 2 15 theme arrangement 286:296 arg1 influence 225:233 the influence 221:233 the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition 221:339 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 2 16 from influence 225:233 arg1 particular 193:202 particular 193:202 particular 193:202 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 2 16 from influence 225:233 arg1 transition 330:339 the amorphous to crystalline transition 301:339 the amorphous to crystalline transition 301:339 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 9 17 theme content 1152:1158 arg1 function 1133:1140 a function 1131:1140 a function of silica content 1131:1158 The recrystallization rate constant decreased as a function of silica content. 26182904 6 18 theme experiments 742:752 arg1 Design 732:737 Design 732:737 Design of experiments 732:752 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 10 19 theme micrometer 1345:1354 arg1 scale 1363:1367 a micrometer length scale 1343:1367 a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization) 1343:1390 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 19 theme micrometer 1345:1354 arg1 compartmentalization 1370:1389 compartmentalization 1370:1389 compartmentalization 1370:1389 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 1 20 from lactose 163:169 arg1 nanocomposites 174:187 nanocomposites 174:187 nanocomposites 174:187 This study aims at investigating the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites. 26182904 2 21 theme nanofiller 275:284 arg1 arrangement 286:296 the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement 238:296 the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement 238:296 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 3 22 theme relative 355:362 arg1 significance 364:375 the relative significance 351:375 the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite 351:479 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 1 23 from recrystallization 132:148 arg1 nanocomposites 174:187 nanocomposites 174:187 nanocomposites 174:187 This study aims at investigating the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites. 26182904 9 24 theme silica 1145:1150 arg1 content 1152:1158 silica content 1145:1158 silica content 1145:1158 The recrystallization rate constant decreased as a function of silica content. 26182904 3 25 theme nanocomposite 467:479 arg1 properties 449:458 the properties 445:458 the properties of the nanocomposite 445:479 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 4 26 theme lactose 527:533 arg1 lactose 527:533 amorphous lactose 517:533 amorphous lactose 517:533 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 4 26 theme lactose 527:533 arg1 silica 545:550 fumed silica 539:550 fumed silica 539:550 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 4 26 theme lactose 527:533 arg1 Nanocomposites 499:512 Nanocomposites 499:512 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica 499:550 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 5 27 theme 94 657:658 arg1 % 659:659 % 659:659 % 659:659 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 10 28 theme lactose 1469:1475 arg1 molecules 1477:1485 the lactose molecules 1465:1485 the lactose molecules 1465:1485 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 2 29 theme crystalline 318:328 arg1 transition 330:339 the amorphous to crystalline transition 301:339 the amorphous to crystalline transition 301:339 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 7 30 theme spray-drying 898:909 arg1 parameters 919:928 The spray-drying process parameters 894:928 The spray-drying process parameters 894:928 The spray-drying process parameters showed no significant influence. 26182904 3 31 theme manufacturing 408:420 arg1 parameters 430:439 manufacturing process parameters 408:439 manufacturing process parameters 408:439 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 10 32 theme lactose 1203:1209 arg1 rate 1191:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate 1161:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites 1161:1231 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 5 33 theme % 659:659 arg1 humidity 670:677 94% relative humidity 657:677 94% relative humidity 657:677 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 2 34 dep transition 330:339 arg1 to 315:316 to 315:316 to 315:316 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 8 35 from recrystallization 976:992 arg1 nanocomposites 1016:1029 the nanocomposites 1012:1029 the nanocomposites 1012:1029 However, the recrystallization of the lactose in the nanocomposites was affected by the composition (fraction silica). 26182904 3 36 theme formulation 380:390 arg1 composition 392:402 formulation composition 380:402 formulation composition 380:402 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 6 37 theme nanocomposite 810:822 arg1 factors 839:845 factors 839:845 factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization 839:891 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 37 theme nanocomposite 810:822 arg1 parameters 795:804 spray-drying process parameters 774:804 spray-drying process parameters 774:804 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 37 theme nanocomposite 810:822 arg1 composition 824:834 nanocomposite composition 810:834 nanocomposite composition 810:834 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 2 38 theme amorphous 305:313 arg1 transition 330:339 the amorphous to crystalline transition 301:339 the amorphous to crystalline transition 301:339 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 10 39 dep separation 1277:1286 arg1 1 1274:1274 1 1274:1274 1 1274:1274 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 0 40 theme Recrystallization 14:30 arg1 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites 0:69 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. 26182904 8 41 theme lactose 1001:1007 arg1 recrystallization 976:992 the recrystallization 972:992 the recrystallization of the lactose in the nanocomposites 972:1029 However, the recrystallization of the lactose in the nanocomposites was affected by the composition (fraction silica). 26182904 3 42 theme composition 392:402 arg1 significance 364:375 the relative significance 351:375 the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite 351:479 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 0 43 theme Lactose 45:51 arg1 Recrystallization 14:30 Recrystallization 14:30 Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites 14:69 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. 26182904 10 44 theme length 1356:1361 arg1 scale 1363:1367 a micrometer length scale 1343:1367 a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization) 1343:1390 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 44 theme length 1356:1361 arg1 compartmentalization 1370:1389 compartmentalization 1370:1389 compartmentalization 1370:1389 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 0 45 theme Amorphous 35:43 arg1 Lactose 45:51 Amorphous Lactose 35:51 Amorphous Lactose 35:51 Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. 26182904 10 46 theme recrystallization 1173:1189 arg1 rate 1191:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate 1161:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites 1161:1231 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 47 from compartments 1327:1338 arg1 scale 1363:1367 a micrometer length scale 1343:1367 a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization) 1343:1390 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 47 from compartments 1327:1338 arg1 compartmentalization 1370:1389 compartmentalization 1370:1389 compartmentalization 1370:1389 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 7 48 theme process 911:917 arg1 parameters 919:928 The spray-drying process parameters 894:928 The spray-drying process parameters 894:928 The spray-drying process parameters showed no significant influence. 26182904 3 49 theme process 422:428 arg1 parameters 430:439 manufacturing process parameters 408:439 manufacturing process parameters 408:439 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 5 50 theme powder 691:696 arg1 diffraction 698:708 X-ray powder diffraction 685:708 X-ray powder diffraction 685:708 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 3 51 theme parameters 430:439 arg1 significance 364:375 the relative significance 351:375 the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite 351:479 Further, the relative significance of formulation composition and manufacturing process parameters for the properties of the nanocomposite was investigated. 26182904 10 52 theme molecular 1434:1442 arg1 interactions 1444:1455 molecular interactions 1434:1455 molecular interactions between the lactose molecules 1434:1485 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 53 theme intraparticle 1546:1558 arg1 confinement 1560:1570 (3) intraparticle confinement 1542:1570 (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose 1542:1595 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 6 54 theme process 787:793 arg1 factors 839:845 factors 839:845 factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization 839:891 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 54 theme process 787:793 arg1 parameters 795:804 spray-drying process parameters 774:804 spray-drying process parameters 774:804 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 54 theme process 787:793 arg1 composition 824:834 nanocomposite composition 810:834 nanocomposite composition 810:834 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 55 used used 758:761 arg2 Design 732:737 Design 732:737 Design of experiments 732:752 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 8 56 theme fraction 1064:1071 arg1 composition 1051:1061 the composition 1047:1061 the composition (fraction silica) 1047:1079 However, the recrystallization of the lactose in the nanocomposites was affected by the composition (fraction silica). 26182904 8 56 theme fraction 1064:1071 arg1 silica 1073:1078 fraction silica 1064:1078 fraction silica 1064:1078 However, the recrystallization of the lactose in the nanocomposites was affected by the composition (fraction silica). 26182904 2 57 theme length 262:267 arg1 scale 269:273 micrometer length scale 251:273 micrometer length scale 251:273 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 5 58 theme lactose 620:626 arg1 transformation 598:611 Solid-state transformation 586:611 Solid-state transformation of the lactose 586:626 Solid-state transformation of the lactose was studied at 43%, 84%, and 94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction and microcalorimetry. 26182904 10 59 theme lowered 1165:1171 arg1 rate 1191:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate 1161:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites 1161:1231 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 60 theme discrete 1318:1325 arg1 compartments 1327:1338 discrete compartments 1318:1338 discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization) 1318:1390 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 6 61 theme spray-drying 774:785 arg1 factors 839:845 factors 839:845 factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization 839:891 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 61 theme spray-drying 774:785 arg1 parameters 795:804 spray-drying process parameters 774:804 spray-drying process parameters 774:804 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 61 theme spray-drying 774:785 arg1 composition 824:834 nanocomposite composition 810:834 nanocomposite composition 810:834 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 6 62 theme % 873:873 arg1 recrystallization 875:891 50% recrystallization 871:891 50% recrystallization 871:891 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 2 63 theme micrometer 251:260 arg1 scale 269:273 micrometer length scale 251:273 micrometer length scale 251:273 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 9 64 theme recrystallization 1086:1102 arg1 constant 1109:1116 The recrystallization rate constant 1082:1116 The recrystallization rate constant 1082:1116 The recrystallization rate constant decreased as a function of silica content. 26182904 10 65 theme lactose 1589:1595 arg1 confinement 1560:1570 (3) intraparticle confinement 1542:1570 (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose 1542:1595 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 6 66 theme 50 871:872 arg1 % 873:873 % 873:873 % 873:873 Design of experiments was used to analyze spray-drying process parameters and nanocomposite composition as factors influencing the time to 50% recrystallization. 26182904 10 67 from rate 1191:1194 arg1 nanocomposites 1218:1231 the nanocomposites 1214:1231 the nanocomposites 1214:1231 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 10 68 theme molecular 1405:1413 arg1 mobility 1415:1422 molecular mobility 1405:1422 molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose 1405:1595 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 1 69 theme amorphous 153:161 arg1 lactose 163:169 amorphous lactose 153:169 amorphous lactose in nanocomposites 153:187 This study aims at investigating the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites. 26182904 9 70 theme rate 1104:1107 arg1 constant 1109:1116 The recrystallization rate constant 1082:1116 The recrystallization rate constant 1082:1116 The recrystallization rate constant decreased as a function of silica content. 26182904 10 71 theme amorphous 1579:1587 arg1 lactose 1589:1595 the amorphous lactose 1575:1595 the amorphous lactose 1575:1595 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 26182904 4 72 theme silica 545:550 arg1 lactose 527:533 amorphous lactose 517:533 amorphous lactose 517:533 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 4 72 theme silica 545:550 arg1 silica 545:550 fumed silica 539:550 fumed silica 539:550 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 4 72 theme silica 545:550 arg1 Nanocomposites 499:512 Nanocomposites 499:512 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica 499:550 Nanocomposites of amorphous lactose and fumed silica were produced by co-spray-drying. 26182904 2 73 theme nano- 242:246 arg1 arrangement 286:296 the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement 238:296 the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement 238:296 In particular, the focus is on the influence of the nano- to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement on the amorphous to crystalline transition. 26182904 1 74 theme lactose 163:169 arg1 recrystallization 132:148 the recrystallization 128:148 the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites 128:187 This study aims at investigating the recrystallization of amorphous lactose in nanocomposites. 26182904 7 75 theme significant 940:950 arg1 influence 952:960 no significant influence 937:960 no significant influence 937:960 The spray-drying process parameters showed no significant influence. 26182904 10 76 from nanocomposites 1218:1231 arg1 rate 1191:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate 1161:1194 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites 1161:1231 The lowered recrystallization rate of the lactose in the nanocomposites could be explained by three mechanisms: (1) separation of the amorphous lactose into discrete compartments on a micrometer length scale (compartmentalization), (2) lowered molecular mobility caused by molecular interactions between the lactose molecules and the surface of the silica (rigidification), and/or (3) intraparticle confinement of the amorphous lactose. 27614196 7 0 theme In-vitro 1238:1245 arg1 studies 1255:1261 In-vitro release studies 1238:1261 In-vitro release studies 1238:1261 In-vitro release studies demonstrated a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion. 27614196 5 1 theme chemical 935:942 arg1 structures 944:953 the chemical structures 931:953 the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles 931:1000 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 6 2 theme aqueous 1193:1199 arg1 medium 1201:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 0 3 theme antioxidant 86:96 arg1 activity 98:105 antioxidant activity 86:105 antioxidant activity 86:105 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan loaded with phospholipid for controlled release and antioxidant activity. 27614196 6 4 from structure 1072:1080 arg1 medium 1230:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 4 from structure 1072:1080 arg1 water 1120:1124 DI water 1117:1124 DI water 1117:1124 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 4 from structure 1072:1080 arg1 medium 1201:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 4 from structure 1072:1080 arg1 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 5 from water 1120:1124 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 5 from water 1120:1124 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 5 from water 1120:1124 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 5 from water 1120:1124 arg1 ethanol 1139:1145 ethanol 1139:1145 ethanol 1139:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 5 6 dep transform 861:869 arg1 infrared 871:878 infrared 871:878 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 861:898 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 8 7 theme scavenging 1387:1396 arg1 inferior 1438:1445 inferior 1438:1445 inferior 1438:1445 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 8 7 theme scavenging 1387:1396 arg1 activity 1398:1405 the scavenging activity 1383:1405 the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles 1383:1432 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 6 8 theme amorphous 1062:1070 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 8 9 theme nanoparticles 1420:1432 arg1 inferior 1438:1445 inferior 1438:1445 inferior 1438:1445 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 8 9 theme nanoparticles 1420:1432 arg1 activity 1398:1405 the scavenging activity 1383:1405 the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles 1383:1432 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 4 10 theme nanoparticles 567:579 arg1 morphology 543:552 The surface morphology 531:552 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles 531:579 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 5 11 dep Fourier 853:859 arg1 transform 861:869 transform 861:869 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 861:898 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 6 12 theme % 1217:1217 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 12 theme % 1217:1217 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 12 theme % 1217:1217 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 5 13 used used 904:907 arg2 Fourier 853:859 Fourier 853:859 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 853:898 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 4 14 theme transmission 656:667 arg1 microscopy 678:687 transmission electron microscopy 656:687 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 656:693 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 4 14 theme transmission 656:667 arg1 TEM 690:692 TEM 690:692 TEM 690:692 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 3 15 theme Resveratrol 391:401 arg1 nanoparticles 425:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles 391:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) 391:477 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) were synthesized using a double emulsion technique. 27614196 5 16 theme dynamic 729:735 arg1 scattering 743:752 dynamic light scattering 729:752 dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) 729:768 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 6 17 from 950nm 1130:1134 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 17 from 950nm 1130:1134 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 17 from 950nm 1130:1134 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 17 from 950nm 1130:1134 arg1 ethanol 1139:1145 ethanol 1139:1145 ethanol 1139:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 8 18 theme activity 1374:1381 arg1 assays 1352:1357 assays 1352:1357 assays of antioxidant activity 1352:1381 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 6 19 theme particle 1090:1097 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 5 20 theme resveratrol 962:972 arg1 nanoparticles 988:1000 the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles 958:1000 nanoparticles 988:1000 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 8 21 theme antioxidant 1362:1372 arg1 activity 1374:1381 antioxidant activity 1362:1381 antioxidant activity 1362:1381 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 6 22 from medium 1230:1235 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 22 from medium 1230:1235 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 22 from medium 1230:1235 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 23 theme encapsulation 1155:1167 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 2 24 theme pharmacokinetic 292:306 arg1 limitations 308:318 these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations 266:318 these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations 266:318 To overcome these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations, encapsulation of resveratrol (RV) into nanodevices has been explored. 27614196 6 25 from % 1217:1217 arg1 medium 1230:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 25 from % 1217:1217 arg1 medium 1201:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 4 26 theme surface 535:541 arg1 morphology 543:552 The surface morphology 531:552 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles 531:579 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 5 27 theme Particle 696:703 arg1 size 705:708 Particle size 696:708 Particle size 696:708 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 6 28 from sizes 1099:1103 arg1 medium 1230:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 28 from sizes 1099:1103 arg1 water 1120:1124 DI water 1117:1124 DI water 1117:1124 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 28 from sizes 1099:1103 arg1 medium 1201:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 28 from sizes 1099:1103 arg1 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 5 29 theme RVC-lipid 978:986 arg1 nanoparticles 988:1000 the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles 958:1000 nanoparticles 988:1000 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 4 30 theme electron 624:631 arg1 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 4 30 theme electron 624:631 arg1 microscopy 633:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy 600:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 600:650 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 5 31 theme nanoparticles 988:1000 arg1 structures 944:953 the chemical structures 931:953 the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles 931:1000 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 6 32 from % 1188:1188 arg1 medium 1230:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 32 from % 1188:1188 arg1 medium 1201:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 1 33 theme poor 202:205 arg1 bioavailability 212:226 its poor oral bioavailability 198:226 its poor oral bioavailability 198:226 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 27614196 3 34 theme cross-linked 403:414 arg1 nanoparticles 425:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles 391:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) 391:477 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) were synthesized using a double emulsion technique. 27614196 4 35 theme scanning 615:622 arg1 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 4 35 theme scanning 615:622 arg1 microscopy 633:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy 600:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 600:650 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 6 36 from 570nm 1108:1112 arg1 water 1120:1124 DI water 1117:1124 DI water 1117:1124 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 36 from 570nm 1108:1112 arg1 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 2 37 theme resveratrol 338:348 arg1 encapsulation 321:333 encapsulation 321:333 encapsulation of resveratrol (RV) into nanodevices 321:370 To overcome these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations, encapsulation of resveratrol (RV) into nanodevices has been explored. 27614196 3 38 theme emulsion 511:518 arg1 technique 520:528 a double emulsion technique 502:528 a double emulsion technique 502:528 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) were synthesized using a double emulsion technique. 27614196 3 39 theme chitosan 416:423 arg1 nanoparticles 425:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles 391:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) 391:477 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) were synthesized using a double emulsion technique. 27614196 6 40 theme RVC-lipid 1018:1026 arg1 nanoparticle 1028:1039 RVC-lipid nanoparticle 1018:1039 RVC-lipid nanoparticle 1018:1039 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 1 41 theme therapeutic 120:130 arg1 effects 132:138 the therapeutic effects 116:138 the therapeutic effects of resveratrol 116:153 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 27614196 8 42 theme RVC-lipid 1410:1418 arg1 nanoparticles 1420:1432 RVC-lipid nanoparticles 1410:1432 RVC-lipid nanoparticles 1410:1432 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 6 43 theme 570nm 1108:1112 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 43 theme 570nm 1108:1112 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 43 theme 570nm 1108:1112 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 7 44 theme release 1247:1253 arg1 studies 1255:1261 In-vitro release studies 1238:1261 In-vitro release studies 1238:1261 In-vitro release studies demonstrated a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion. 27614196 6 45 from medium 1201:1206 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 45 from medium 1201:1206 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 45 from medium 1201:1206 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 8 46 theme prolonged 1481:1489 arg1 release 1491:1497 its prolonged release 1477:1497 its prolonged release 1477:1497 Based on assays of antioxidant activity the scavenging activity of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was inferior to that of resveratrol due to its prolonged release. 27614196 6 47 theme DI 1117:1118 arg1 water 1120:1124 DI water 1117:1124 DI water 1117:1124 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 5 48 theme crystallographic 825:840 arg1 nature 842:847 the crystallographic nature 821:847 the crystallographic nature 821:847 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 5 49 theme X-ray 771:775 arg1 XRD 790:792 XRD 790:792 XRD 790:792 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 5 49 theme X-ray 771:775 arg1 diffraction 777:787 X-ray diffraction 771:787 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 771:793 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 3 50 theme double 504:509 arg1 emulsion 511:518 a double emulsion 502:518 a double emulsion technique 502:528 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) were synthesized using a double emulsion technique. 27614196 0 51 theme controlled 63:72 arg1 release 74:80 controlled release 63:80 controlled release 63:80 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan loaded with phospholipid for controlled release and antioxidant activity. 27614196 5 52 theme light 737:741 arg1 scattering 743:752 dynamic light scattering 729:752 dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) 729:768 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 5 53 from changes 920:926 arg1 structures 944:953 the chemical structures 931:953 the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles 931:1000 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 7 54 theme resveratrol 1308:1318 arg1 release 1297:1303 a slow and sustained release 1276:1303 a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion 1276:1340 In-vitro release studies demonstrated a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion. 27614196 4 55 theme emission 606:613 arg1 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 4 55 theme emission 606:613 arg1 microscopy 633:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy 600:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 600:650 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 5 56 theme scattering 743:752 arg1 technique 754:762 dynamic light scattering technique 729:762 dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) 729:768 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 5 56 theme scattering 743:752 arg1 DLS 765:767 DLS 765:767 DLS 765:767 Particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the crystallographic nature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure changes in the chemical structures of the resveratrol and RVC-lipid nanoparticles. 27614196 7 57 theme slow 1278:1281 arg1 release 1297:1303 a slow and sustained release 1276:1303 a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion 1276:1340 In-vitro release studies demonstrated a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion. 27614196 9 58 theme potential 1540:1548 arg1 carriers 1550:1557 the potential carriers 1536:1557 the potential carriers for resveratrol 1536:1573 We concluded that phospholipids are the potential carriers for resveratrol. 27614196 9 58 theme potential 1540:1548 arg1 phospholipids 1518:1530 phospholipids 1518:1530 phospholipids 1518:1530 We concluded that phospholipids are the potential carriers for resveratrol. 27614196 4 59 theme field 600:604 arg1 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 FESEM 645:649 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 4 59 theme field 600:604 arg1 microscopy 633:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy 600:642 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 600:650 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 6 60 dep showed 1011:1016 arg1 had 1041:1043 had 1041:1043 showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1011:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 3 61 link cross-linked 403:414 arg1 nanoparticles 425:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles 391:437 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) 391:477 Resveratrol cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles modified with phospholipids (RVC-lipid) were synthesized using a double emulsion technique. 27614196 6 62 theme mean 1085:1088 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 1 63 theme resveratrol 143:153 arg1 effects 132:138 the therapeutic effects 116:138 the therapeutic effects of resveratrol 116:153 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 27614196 6 64 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 sizes 1099:1103 a mean particle sizes 1083:1103 a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol 1083:1145 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 64 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 64 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 efficiency 1169:1178 an encapsulation efficiency 1152:1178 an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium 1152:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 1 65 theme water 236:240 arg1 solubility 242:251 low water solubility 232:251 low water solubility 232:251 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 27614196 6 66 from efficiency 1169:1178 arg1 medium 1230:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 66 from efficiency 1169:1178 arg1 water 1120:1124 DI water 1117:1124 DI water 1117:1124 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 66 from efficiency 1169:1178 arg1 medium 1201:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 aqueous medium 1193:1206 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 6 66 from efficiency 1169:1178 arg1 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 950nm 1130:1134 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 2 67 theme physicochemical 272:286 arg1 limitations 308:318 these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations 266:318 these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations 266:318 To overcome these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations, encapsulation of resveratrol (RV) into nanodevices has been explored. 27614196 7 68 theme sustained 1287:1295 arg1 release 1297:1303 a slow and sustained release 1276:1303 a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion 1276:1340 In-vitro release studies demonstrated a slow and sustained release of resveratrol governed by diffusion. 27614196 4 69 theme electron 669:676 arg1 microscopy 678:687 transmission electron microscopy 656:687 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 656:693 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 4 69 theme electron 669:676 arg1 TEM 690:692 TEM 690:692 TEM 690:692 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 1 70 theme low 232:234 arg1 solubility 242:251 low water solubility 232:251 low water solubility 232:251 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 27614196 6 71 theme ethanol 1222:1228 arg1 medium 1230:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 ethanol medium 1222:1235 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 1 72 theme oral 207:210 arg1 bioavailability 212:226 its poor oral bioavailability 198:226 its poor oral bioavailability 198:226 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 27614196 6 73 theme characteristic 1047:1060 arg1 structure 1072:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 a characteristic amorphous structure 1045:1080 Results showed RVC-lipid nanoparticle had a characteristic amorphous structure, a mean particle sizes of 570nm in DI water and 950nm in ethanol, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.82% in aqueous medium and 85.59% in ethanol medium. 27614196 4 74 theme RVC-lipid 557:565 arg1 nanoparticles 567:579 RVC-lipid nanoparticles 557:579 RVC-lipid nanoparticles 557:579 The surface morphology of RVC-lipid nanoparticles was evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 27614196 1 75 theme clinical 160:167 arg1 application 169:179 its clinical application 156:179 its clinical application 156:179 Despite the therapeutic effects of resveratrol, its clinical application is restricted by its poor oral bioavailability and low water solubility. 25952853 5 0 theme present 713:719 arg1 phases 702:707 crystalline phases 690:707 crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin 690:742 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 7 1 theme Spray 934:938 arg1 granulation 940:950 Spray granulation 934:950 Spray granulation 934:950 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 7 1 theme Spray 934:938 arg1 method 988:993 the superior drying method 968:993 the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders 968:1036 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 4 2 theme spray 523:527 arg1 granulation 529:539 spray granulation 523:539 spray granulation 523:539 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 7 3 theme compactible 1018:1028 arg1 powders 1030:1036 compactible powders 1018:1036 compactible powders 1018:1036 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 6 4 theme compactible 853:863 arg1 powder 865:870 a dry and compactible powder 843:870 a dry and compactible powder 843:870 The compactibility of the powders has been explored, revealing that a dry and compactible powder can be prepared from various omega-3 oils and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 1 5 theme ethyl 156:160 arg1 esters 162:167 ethyl esters 156:167 ethyl esters 156:167 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 5 6 from β-cyclodextrin 729:742 arg1 present 713:719 present 713:719 present 713:719 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 4 7 theme present 392:398 arg1 work 400:403 the present work 388:403 the present work 388:403 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 1 8 theme fatty 59:63 arg1 acids 65:69 Omega-3 fatty acids 51:69 Omega-3 fatty acids 51:69 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 3 9 theme lipophilic 363:372 arg1 molecules 374:382 lipophilic molecules 363:382 lipophilic molecules 363:382 Cyclodextrins are substances well known for their ability to encapsulate lipophilic molecules. 25952853 6 10 theme dry 845:847 arg1 powder 865:870 a dry and compactible powder 843:870 a dry and compactible powder 843:870 The compactibility of the powders has been explored, revealing that a dry and compactible powder can be prepared from various omega-3 oils and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 2 11 theme powder 269:274 arg1 compositions 276:287 some powder compositions 264:287 some powder compositions 264:287 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 1 12 theme esters 162:167 arg1 form 130:133 the form 126:133 the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters 126:167 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 5 13 theme crystalline 690:700 arg1 phases 702:707 crystalline phases 690:707 crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin 690:742 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 5 14 theme pure 724:727 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 729:742 pure β-cyclodextrin 724:742 pure β-cyclodextrin 724:742 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 5 15 theme true 756:759 arg1 complexation 761:772 true complexation 756:772 true complexation 756:772 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 6 16 theme omega-3 901:907 arg1 oils 909:912 various omega-3 oils 893:912 various omega-3 oils 893:912 The compactibility of the powders has been explored, revealing that a dry and compactible powder can be prepared from various omega-3 oils and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 7 17 theme powders 1030:1036 arg1 preparation 1003:1013 the preparation 999:1013 the preparation of compactible powders 999:1036 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 0 18 theme Compactible 0:10 arg1 powders 12:18 Compactible powders 0:18 Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin 0:48 Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 4 19 theme omega-3 426:432 arg1 oil 434:436 omega-3 oil 426:436 omega-3 oil 426:436 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 1 20 from pharmaceuticals 107:121 arg1 form 130:133 the form 126:133 the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters 126:167 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 6 21 theme powders 801:807 arg1 compactibility 779:792 The compactibility 775:792 The compactibility of the powders 775:807 The compactibility of the powders has been explored, revealing that a dry and compactible powder can be prepared from various omega-3 oils and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 0 22 theme omega-3 23:29 arg1 powders 12:18 Compactible powders 0:18 Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin 0:48 Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 4 23 dep 40 458:459 arg1 to 455:456 to 455:456 to 455:456 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 5 24 theme powder 650:655 arg1 diffraction 663:673 powder X-ray diffraction 650:673 powder X-ray diffraction 650:673 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 4 25 theme oil 572:574 arg1 mixtures 552:559 aqueous mixtures 544:559 aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin 544:593 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 0 26 theme β-cyclodextrin 35:48 arg1 powders 12:18 Compactible powders 0:18 Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin 0:48 Compactible powders of omega-3 and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 4 27 theme freeze 506:511 arg1 drying 513:518 freeze drying 506:518 freeze drying 506:518 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 5 28 theme X-ray 657:661 arg1 diffraction 663:673 powder X-ray diffraction 650:673 powder X-ray diffraction 650:673 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 2 29 theme Administration 170:183 arg1 forms 185:189 Administration forms 170:189 Administration forms available for omega-3 170:211 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 2 30 theme soft 231:234 arg1 capsules 240:247 bulk oil, soft gel capsules 221:247 capsules 240:247 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 6 31 theme various 893:899 arg1 oils 909:912 various omega-3 oils 893:912 various omega-3 oils 893:912 The compactibility of the powders has been explored, revealing that a dry and compactible powder can be prepared from various omega-3 oils and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 4 32 theme β-cyclodextrin 580:593 arg1 mixtures 552:559 aqueous mixtures 544:559 aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin 544:593 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 2 33 theme oil 226:228 arg1 capsules 240:247 bulk oil, soft gel capsules 221:247 capsules 240:247 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 4 34 theme vacuum 491:496 arg1 drying 498:503 vacuum drying 491:503 vacuum drying 491:503 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 5 35 from present 713:719 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 729:742 pure β-cyclodextrin 724:742 pure β-cyclodextrin 724:742 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 2 36 theme bulk 221:224 arg1 capsules 240:247 bulk oil, soft gel capsules 221:247 capsules 240:247 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 1 37 from nutraceuticals 88:101 arg1 form 130:133 the form 126:133 the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters 126:167 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 1 38 theme Omega-3 51:57 arg1 acids 65:69 Omega-3 fatty acids 51:69 Omega-3 fatty acids 51:69 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 7 39 theme superior 972:979 arg1 method 988:993 the superior drying method 968:993 the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders 968:1036 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 7 39 theme superior 972:979 arg1 granulation 940:950 Spray granulation 934:950 Spray granulation 934:950 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 5 40 attach present 713:719 arg2 phases 702:707 crystalline phases 690:707 crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin 690:742 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 5 40 attach present 713:719 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 729:742 pure β-cyclodextrin 724:742 pure β-cyclodextrin 724:742 The powders were found to be partially crystalline by powder X-ray diffraction and to contain crystalline phases not present in pure β-cyclodextrin, indicating true complexation. 25952853 4 41 theme mixtures 552:559 arg1 granulation 529:539 spray granulation 523:539 spray granulation 523:539 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 4 41 theme mixtures 552:559 arg1 drying 498:503 vacuum drying 491:503 vacuum drying 491:503 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 4 41 theme mixtures 552:559 arg1 drying 513:518 freeze drying 506:518 freeze drying 506:518 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 7 42 theme drying 981:986 arg1 method 988:993 the superior drying method 968:993 the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders 968:1036 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 7 42 theme drying 981:986 arg1 granulation 940:950 Spray granulation 934:950 Spray granulation 934:950 Spray granulation was found to be the superior drying method for the preparation of compactible powders. 25952853 4 43 theme aqueous 544:550 arg1 mixtures 552:559 aqueous mixtures 544:559 aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin 544:593 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 2 44 theme available 191:199 arg1 forms 185:189 Administration forms 170:189 Administration forms available for omega-3 170:211 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 1 45 used used 75:78 arg2 acids 65:69 Omega-3 fatty acids 51:69 Omega-3 fatty acids 51:69 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 25952853 4 46 theme omega-3 564:570 arg1 oil 572:574 omega-3 oil 564:574 omega-3 oil 564:574 In the present work, powders loaded with omega-3 oil, ranging from 10 to 40% (w/w), have been prepared by vacuum drying, freeze drying or spray granulation of aqueous mixtures of omega-3 oil and β-cyclodextrin. 25952853 2 47 theme gel 236:238 arg1 capsules 240:247 bulk oil, soft gel capsules 221:247 capsules 240:247 Administration forms available for omega-3 include bulk oil, soft gel capsules, emulsions and some powder compositions. 25952853 1 48 theme triglycerides 138:150 arg1 form 130:133 the form 126:133 the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters 126:167 Omega-3 fatty acids are used in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in the form of triglycerides and ethyl esters. 28071026 17 0 theme activity 1776:1783 arg1 test 1785:1788 chelating activity test 1766:1788 chelating activity test 1766:1788 CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color. 28071026 5 1 theme spear 676:680 arg1 extracts 682:689 different asparagus spear extracts 656:689 different asparagus spear extracts 656:689 METHODS Investigations were conducted on different asparagus spear extracts. 28071026 8 2 dep Polyphenol 920:929 arg1 acids 941:945 phenolic acids 932:945 phenolic acids 932:945 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition was estimated using the HPLC method. 28071026 8 2 dep Polyphenol 920:929 arg1 flavonols 951:959 flavonols 951:959 flavonols 951:959 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition was estimated using the HPLC method. 28071026 18 3 theme green 1854:1858 arg1 asparagus 1860:1868 green asparagus 1854:1868 green asparagus 1854:1868 The highest activity was found in green asparagus and the lowest was identified in white asparagus extracts. 28071026 2 4 from number 212:217 arg1 rich 202:205 rich 202:205 rich 202:205 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 18 5 theme asparagus 1909:1917 arg1 extracts 1919:1926 white asparagus extracts 1903:1926 white asparagus extracts 1903:1926 The highest activity was found in green asparagus and the lowest was identified in white asparagus extracts. 28071026 4 6 theme asparagus 574:582 arg1 spears 584:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears 544:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars 544:612 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 5 7 theme asparagus 666:674 arg1 extracts 682:689 different asparagus spear extracts 656:689 different asparagus spear extracts 656:689 METHODS Investigations were conducted on different asparagus spear extracts. 28071026 2 8 theme vitamin 287:293 arg1 glutathione 274:284 glutathione 274:284 glutathione 274:284 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 2 8 theme vitamin 287:293 arg1 C 295:295 vitamin C 287:295 vitamin C 287:295 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 12 9 theme Radical 1408:1414 arg1 activity 1427:1434 Radical scavenging activity 1408:1434 Radical scavenging activity toward DPPH• and ABTS 1408:1456 Radical scavenging activity toward DPPH• and ABTS was highest for green asparagus cv. 28071026 9 10 theme antioxidant 1015:1025 arg1 properties 1027:1036 The antioxidant properties 1011:1036 The antioxidant properties of extracts 1011:1048 The antioxidant properties of extracts were examined using DPPH, ABTS and metal ion chelating assays. 28071026 5 11 theme METHODS 615:621 arg1 Investigations 623:636 METHODS Investigations 615:636 METHODS Investigations 615:636 METHODS Investigations were conducted on different asparagus spear extracts. 28071026 6 12 theme different 779:787 arg1 cultivars 789:797 five different cultivars 774:797 five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure 774:843 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 2 13 theme glutathione 274:284 arg1 number 212:217 a number 210:217 a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol) 210:384 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 7 14 theme Total 846:850 arg1 content 861:867 Total phenolic content 846:867 Total phenolic content 846:867 Total phenolic content was also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. 28071026 17 15 theme antioxidant 1697:1707 arg1 activity 1709:1716 the antioxidant activity 1693:1716 the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test 1693:1788 CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color. 28071026 10 16 from Gyjmlin 1260:1266 arg1 asparagus 1245:1253 pale-colored asparagus 1232:1253 pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin 1232:1266 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 15 17 theme asparagus 1633:1641 arg1 cv 1643:1644 pale-colored asparagus cv 1620:1644 pale-colored asparagus cv 1620:1644 Grolim and Huchel's Alpha and pale-colored asparagus cv. 28071026 14 18 theme asparagus 1576:1584 arg1 cv 1586:1587 green asparagus cv 1570:1587 green asparagus cv 1570:1587 The greatest number of Fe ions was chelated by samples of green asparagus cv. 28071026 11 19 theme significant 1338:1348 arg1 effect 1350:1355 a significant effect 1336:1355 a significant effect 1336:1355 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 2 20 theme compounds 232:240 arg1 number 212:217 a number 210:217 a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol) 210:384 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 10 21 theme pale-colored 1232:1243 arg1 asparagus 1245:1253 pale-colored asparagus 1232:1253 pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin 1232:1266 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 20 22 theme human 2159:2163 arg1 diet 2165:2168 the human diet 2155:2168 the human diet 2155:2168 Asparagus can provide a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet. 28071026 11 23 contain had 1332:1334 arg1 cultivar 1323:1330 the cultivar 1319:1330 the cultivar 1319:1330 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 11 23 contain had 1332:1334 arg1 color 1296:1300 the color 1292:1300 the color of asparagus 1292:1313 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 11 23 contain had 1332:1334 arg2 effect 1350:1355 a significant effect 1336:1355 a significant effect 1336:1355 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 19 24 theme phenolic 1985:1992 arg1 composition 1999:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 1 25 theme nutritional 170:180 arg1 value 182:186 a high nutritional value 163:186 a high nutritional value 163:186 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis has a high nutritional value. 28071026 4 26 dep potential 504:512 arg1 the 488:490 the 488:490 the 488:490 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 20 27 theme phenolic 2133:2140 arg1 compounds 2142:2150 phenolic compounds 2133:2150 phenolic compounds 2133:2150 Asparagus can provide a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet. 28071026 14 28 theme Fe 1535:1536 arg1 ions 1538:1541 Fe ions 1535:1541 Fe ions 1535:1541 The greatest number of Fe ions was chelated by samples of green asparagus cv. 28071026 0 29 theme sunlight 105:112 arg1 conditions 114:123 different sunlight conditions 95:123 different sunlight conditions 95:123 Antiradical capacity and polyphenol composition of asparagus spears varieties cultivated under different sunlight conditions. 28071026 6 30 from cultivars 789:797 arg1 colors 717:722 three colors 711:722 three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure 711:843 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 9 31 theme ion 1091:1093 arg1 assays 1105:1110 metal ion chelating assays 1085:1110 metal ion chelating assays 1085:1110 The antioxidant properties of extracts were examined using DPPH, ABTS and metal ion chelating assays. 28071026 0 32 theme Antiradical 0:10 arg1 capacity 12:19 Antiradical capacity 0:19 Antiradical capacity 0:19 Antiradical capacity and polyphenol composition of asparagus spears varieties cultivated under different sunlight conditions. 28071026 18 33 theme white 1903:1907 arg1 extracts 1919:1926 white asparagus extracts 1903:1926 white asparagus extracts 1903:1926 The highest activity was found in green asparagus and the lowest was identified in white asparagus extracts. 28071026 10 34 theme highest 1125:1131 arg1 contents 1133:1140 The highest contents 1121:1140 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids 1113:1167 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 1 35 theme BACKGROUND 126:135 arg1 officinalis 147:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis 126:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis 126:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis has a high nutritional value. 28071026 8 36 theme Polyphenol 920:929 arg1 composition 962:972 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition 920:972 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition 920:972 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition was estimated using the HPLC method. 28071026 4 37 theme white 544:548 arg1 spears 584:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears 544:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars 544:612 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 3 38 theme human 433:437 arg1 health 439:444 human health 433:444 human health 433:444 These compounds may play an important role in human health. 28071026 8 39 theme phenolic 932:939 arg1 acids 941:945 phenolic acids 932:945 phenolic acids 932:945 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition was estimated using the HPLC method. 28071026 4 40 theme antioxidant 492:502 arg1 potential 504:512 antioxidant potential 492:512 antioxidant potential 492:512 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 15 41 theme pale-colored 1620:1631 arg1 cv 1643:1644 pale-colored asparagus cv 1620:1644 pale-colored asparagus cv 1620:1644 Grolim and Huchel's Alpha and pale-colored asparagus cv. 28071026 0 42 theme asparagus 51:59 arg1 capacity 12:19 Antiradical capacity 0:19 Antiradical capacity 0:19 Antiradical capacity and polyphenol composition of asparagus spears varieties cultivated under different sunlight conditions. 28071026 0 42 theme asparagus 51:59 arg1 composition 36:46 polyphenol composition 25:46 polyphenol composition 25:46 Antiradical capacity and polyphenol composition of asparagus spears varieties cultivated under different sunlight conditions. 28071026 6 43 dep asparagus 727:735 arg1 pale-colored 745:756 pale-colored 745:756 pale-colored 745:756 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 6 43 dep asparagus 727:735 arg1 white 738:742 white 738:742 white 738:742 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 6 43 dep asparagus 727:735 arg1 green 762:766 green 762:766 green 762:766 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 12 44 theme asparagus 1480:1488 arg1 cv 1490:1491 green asparagus cv 1474:1491 green asparagus cv 1474:1491 Radical scavenging activity toward DPPH• and ABTS was highest for green asparagus cv. 28071026 17 45 theme asparagus 1721:1729 arg1 spears 1731:1736 asparagus spears 1721:1736 asparagus spears 1721:1736 CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color. 28071026 4 46 theme spears 584:589 arg1 potential 504:512 antioxidant potential 492:512 antioxidant potential 492:512 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 4 46 theme spears 584:589 arg1 composition 529:539 polyphenol composition 518:539 polyphenol composition 518:539 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 2 47 theme phytosterols 358:369 arg1 number 212:217 a number 210:217 a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol) 210:384 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 18 48 theme highest 1824:1830 arg1 activity 1832:1839 The highest activity 1820:1839 The highest activity 1820:1839 The highest activity was found in green asparagus and the lowest was identified in white asparagus extracts. 28071026 17 49 theme chelating 1766:1774 arg1 test 1785:1788 chelating activity test 1766:1788 chelating activity test 1766:1788 CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color. 28071026 4 50 theme different 594:602 arg1 cultivars 604:612 different cultivars 594:612 different cultivars 594:612 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 1 51 contain has 159:161 arg2 value 182:186 a high nutritional value 163:186 a high nutritional value 163:186 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis has a high nutritional value. 28071026 1 51 contain has 159:161 arg1 officinalis 147:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis 126:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis 126:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis has a high nutritional value. 28071026 2 52 from rich 202:205 arg1 number 212:217 a number 210:217 a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol) 210:384 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 4 53 theme pale-colored 551:562 arg1 spears 584:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears 544:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars 544:612 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 11 54 theme flavonols 1397:1405 arg1 composition 1364:1374 the composition 1360:1374 the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols 1360:1405 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 5 55 theme different 656:664 arg1 extracts 682:689 different asparagus spear extracts 656:689 different asparagus spear extracts 656:689 METHODS Investigations were conducted on different asparagus spear extracts. 28071026 12 56 theme scavenging 1416:1425 arg1 activity 1427:1434 Radical scavenging activity 1408:1434 Radical scavenging activity toward DPPH• and ABTS 1408:1456 Radical scavenging activity toward DPPH• and ABTS was highest for green asparagus cv. 28071026 8 57 theme HPLC 998:1001 arg1 method 1003:1008 the HPLC method 994:1008 the HPLC method 994:1008 Polyphenol (phenolic acids and flavonols) composition was estimated using the HPLC method. 28071026 10 58 from lowest 1222:1227 arg1 asparagus 1192:1200 green asparagus 1186:1200 green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin 1186:1266 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 4 59 theme green 568:572 arg1 spears 584:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears 544:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars 544:612 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 11 60 theme acid 1388:1391 arg1 composition 1364:1374 the composition 1360:1374 the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols 1360:1405 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 7 61 theme phenolic 852:859 arg1 content 861:867 Total phenolic content 846:867 Total phenolic content 846:867 Total phenolic content was also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. 28071026 20 62 theme valuable 2114:2121 arg1 source 2123:2128 a valuable source 2112:2128 a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet 2112:2168 Asparagus can provide a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet. 28071026 20 63 from source 2123:2128 arg1 diet 2165:2168 the human diet 2155:2168 the human diet 2155:2168 Asparagus can provide a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet. 28071026 10 64 located observed 1174:1181 arg2 RESULTS 1113:1119 RESULTS 1113:1119 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids 1113:1167 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 10 64 located observed 1174:1181 arg1 asparagus 1192:1200 green asparagus 1186:1200 green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin 1186:1266 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 2 65 theme vitamin 298:304 arg1 glutathione 274:284 glutathione 274:284 glutathione 274:284 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 2 65 theme vitamin 298:304 arg1 E 306:306 vitamin E 298:306 vitamin E 298:306 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 10 66 dep RESULTS 1113:1119 arg1 contents 1133:1140 The highest contents 1121:1140 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids 1113:1167 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 2 67 theme flavonoids 250:259 arg1 number 212:217 a number 210:217 a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol) 210:384 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 14 68 theme cv 1586:1587 arg1 samples 1559:1565 samples 1559:1565 samples of green asparagus cv 1559:1587 The greatest number of Fe ions was chelated by samples of green asparagus cv. 28071026 10 69 from Grolim 1207:1212 arg1 asparagus 1192:1200 green asparagus 1186:1200 green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin 1186:1266 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 1 70 theme Asparagus 137:145 arg1 officinalis 147:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis 126:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis 126:157 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis has a high nutritional value. 28071026 14 71 theme green 1570:1574 arg1 cv 1586:1587 green asparagus cv 1570:1587 green asparagus cv 1570:1587 The greatest number of Fe ions was chelated by samples of green asparagus cv. 28071026 9 72 theme extracts 1041:1048 arg1 properties 1027:1036 The antioxidant properties 1011:1036 The antioxidant properties of extracts 1011:1048 The antioxidant properties of extracts were examined using DPPH, ABTS and metal ion chelating assays. 28071026 1 73 theme high 165:168 arg1 value 182:186 a high nutritional value 163:186 a high nutritional value 163:186 BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis has a high nutritional value. 28071026 0 74 theme different 95:103 arg1 conditions 114:123 different sunlight conditions 95:123 different sunlight conditions 95:123 Antiradical capacity and polyphenol composition of asparagus spears varieties cultivated under different sunlight conditions. 28071026 20 75 theme compounds 2142:2150 arg1 source 2123:2128 a valuable source 2112:2128 a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet 2112:2168 Asparagus can provide a valuable source of phenolic compounds in the human diet. 28071026 6 76 theme extraction 824:833 arg1 procedure 835:843 the ethanol extraction procedure 812:843 the ethanol extraction procedure 812:843 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 14 77 theme ions 1538:1541 arg1 number 1525:1530 The greatest number 1512:1530 The greatest number of Fe ions 1512:1541 The greatest number of Fe ions was chelated by samples of green asparagus cv. 28071026 19 78 theme acid 1994:1997 arg1 composition 1999:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 19 79 from changes 1961:1967 arg1 diversity 2034:2042 their diversity 2028:2042 their diversity 2028:2042 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 19 79 from changes 1961:1967 arg1 composition 1999:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 19 79 from changes 1961:1967 arg1 flavonol 1972:1979 flavonol 1972:1979 flavonol 1972:1979 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 4 80 theme study 467:471 arg1 purpose 451:457 The purpose 447:457 The purpose of this study 447:471 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 11 81 theme asparagus 1305:1313 arg1 cultivar 1323:1330 the cultivar 1319:1330 the cultivar 1319:1330 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 11 81 theme asparagus 1305:1313 arg1 color 1296:1300 the color 1292:1300 the color of asparagus 1292:1313 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 14 82 theme greatest 1516:1523 arg1 number 1525:1530 The greatest number 1512:1530 The greatest number of Fe ions 1512:1541 The greatest number of Fe ions was chelated by samples of green asparagus cv. 28071026 9 83 theme metal 1085:1089 arg1 assays 1105:1110 metal ion chelating assays 1085:1110 metal ion chelating assays 1085:1110 The antioxidant properties of extracts were examined using DPPH, ABTS and metal ion chelating assays. 28071026 17 84 dep CONCLUSIONS 1663:1673 arg1 shown 1682:1686 shown 1682:1686 was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color 1678:1817 CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color. 28071026 6 85 theme ethanol 816:822 arg1 procedure 835:843 the ethanol extraction procedure 812:843 the ethanol extraction procedure 812:843 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28071026 2 86 dep fructans 309:316 arg1 inulin 319:324 inulin 319:324 inulin 319:324 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 2 86 dep fructans 309:316 arg1 fructans 309:316 fructans 309:316 fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) 309:352 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 2 86 dep fructans 309:316 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 330:351 fructooligosaccharides 330:351 fructooligosaccharides 330:351 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 9 87 theme chelating 1095:1103 arg1 assays 1105:1110 metal ion chelating assays 1085:1110 metal ion chelating assays 1085:1110 The antioxidant properties of extracts were examined using DPPH, ABTS and metal ion chelating assays. 28071026 3 88 theme important 415:423 arg1 role 425:428 an important role 412:428 an important role 412:428 These compounds may play an important role in human health. 28071026 0 89 theme polyphenol 25:34 arg1 composition 36:46 polyphenol composition 25:46 polyphenol composition 25:46 Antiradical capacity and polyphenol composition of asparagus spears varieties cultivated under different sunlight conditions. 28071026 10 90 theme flavonoids 1158:1167 arg1 contents 1133:1140 The highest contents 1121:1140 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids 1113:1167 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 19 91 from increases 2015:2023 arg1 diversity 2034:2042 their diversity 2028:2042 their diversity 2028:2042 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 19 91 from increases 2015:2023 arg1 composition 1999:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 phenolic acid composition 1985:2009 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 19 91 from increases 2015:2023 arg1 flavonol 1972:1979 flavonol 1972:1979 flavonol 1972:1979 It has also been clarified that changes in flavonol and phenolic acid composition and increases in their diversity depends on growing with sunlight and variety. 28071026 17 92 theme spears 1731:1736 arg1 activity 1709:1716 the antioxidant activity 1693:1716 the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test 1693:1788 CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the antioxidant activity of asparagus spears measured by antiradical and chelating activity test depends on variety and color. 28071026 4 93 theme polyphenol 518:527 arg1 composition 529:539 polyphenol composition 518:539 polyphenol composition 518:539 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 2 94 theme bioactive 222:230 arg1 compounds 232:240 bioactive compounds 222:240 bioactive compounds 222:240 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 18 95 located found 1845:1849 arg1 asparagus 1860:1868 green asparagus 1854:1868 green asparagus 1854:1868 The highest activity was found in green asparagus and the lowest was identified in white asparagus extracts. 28071026 18 95 located found 1845:1849 arg2 activity 1832:1839 The highest activity 1820:1839 The highest activity 1820:1839 The highest activity was found in green asparagus and the lowest was identified in white asparagus extracts. 28071026 10 96 theme phenolic 1145:1152 arg1 contents 1133:1140 The highest contents 1121:1140 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids 1113:1167 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 2 97 theme fructans 309:316 arg1 number 212:217 a number 210:217 a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol) 210:384 Asparagus is rich in a number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids (quercetin), glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, fructans (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) and phytosterols (b-sitosterol). 28071026 7 98 theme Folin-Ciocalteu 896:910 arg1 method 912:917 the Folin-Ciocalteu method 892:917 the Folin-Ciocalteu method 892:917 Total phenolic content was also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. 28071026 10 99 theme green 1186:1190 arg1 asparagus 1192:1200 green asparagus 1186:1200 green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin 1186:1266 RESULTS The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in green asparagus from Grolim and the lowest in pale-colored asparagus from Gyjmlin. 28071026 12 100 theme green 1474:1478 arg1 cv 1490:1491 green asparagus cv 1474:1491 green asparagus cv 1474:1491 Radical scavenging activity toward DPPH• and ABTS was highest for green asparagus cv. 28071026 4 101 theme cultivars 604:612 arg1 spears 584:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears 544:589 white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars 544:612 The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and polyphenol composition of white, pale-colored and green asparagus spears of different cultivars. 28071026 11 102 theme phenolic 1379:1386 arg1 acid 1388:1391 phenolic acid 1379:1391 phenolic acid 1379:1391 It was found that both the color of asparagus and the cultivar had a significant effect on the composition of phenolic acid and flavonols. 28071026 6 103 theme asparagus 727:735 arg1 colors 717:722 three colors 711:722 three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure 711:843 The study included three colors of asparagus (white, pale-colored and green) from five different cultivars subjected to the ethanol extraction procedure. 28851200 16 0 theme retinal 1983:1989 arg1 occlusion 1998:2006 central retinal artery occlusion 1975:2006 central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment 1975:2055 The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. 28851200 10 1 theme other 1232:1236 arg1 patients 1240:1247 the other 4 patients 1228:1247 the other 4 patients 1228:1247 For 6 patients the fillers were injected in the forehead, 8 patients were in the nose, the other 4 patients were in both sites. 28851200 11 2 theme medical 1335:1341 arg1 treatment 1343:1351 medical treatment 1335:1351 medical treatment 1335:1351 The mean time was 31.7 hours since the onset to the acceptance of medical treatment. 28851200 2 3 theme series 252:257 arg1 It 225:226 It 225:226 It 225:226 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 2 3 theme series 252:257 arg1 study 259:263 a retrospetive case series study 232:263 a retrospetive case series study 232:263 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 2 3 theme series 252:257 arg1 Methods 216:222 Methods 216:222 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 216:264 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 8 4 theme average 1048:1054 arg1 age 1056:1058 average age 1048:1058 average age of 33.4 1048:1066 Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. 28851200 4 5 theme intraocular 588:598 arg1 acuity 580:585 visual acuity 573:585 visual acuity 573:585 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 5 theme intraocular 588:598 arg1 pressure 600:607 intraocular pressure 588:607 intraocular pressure 588:607 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 12 6 dep site 1416:1419 arg1 ischemia 1421:1428 ischemia 1421:1428 ischemia 1421:1428 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 2 7 theme retrospetive 234:245 arg1 It 225:226 It 225:226 It 225:226 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 2 7 theme retrospetive 234:245 arg1 study 259:263 a retrospetive case series study 232:263 a retrospetive case series study 232:263 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 2 7 theme retrospetive 234:245 arg1 Methods 216:222 Methods 216:222 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 216:264 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 1 8 theme visual 166:171 arg1 loss 173:176 visual loss 166:176 visual loss 166:176 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 12 9 theme injection 1406:1414 arg1 perception 1394:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 9 theme injection 1406:1414 arg1 site 1416:1419 injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination 1406:1479 site 1416:1419 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 9 theme injection 1406:1414 arg1 ptosis 1451:1456 ptosis 1451:1456 ptosis 1451:1456 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 17 10 theme improper 2253:2260 arg1 methods 2272:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 13 11 theme ciliary 1588:1594 arg1 occlusion 1603:1611 posterior ciliary artery occlusion 1578:1611 posterior ciliary artery occlusion 1578:1611 Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. 28851200 7 12 theme treatment 967:975 arg1 measures 977:984 other treatment measures 961:984 other treatment measures 961:984 After the diagnosis, all patients were treated generally combined with intraocular pressure reduction treatment and other treatment measures. 28851200 16 13 dep ineffective 2026:2036 arg1 clinical 2038:2045 clinical 2038:2045 clinical 2038:2045 The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. 28851200 13 14 theme artery 1552:1557 arg1 occlusion 1559:1567 central retinal artery occlusion 1536:1567 central retinal artery occlusion 1536:1567 Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. 28851200 9 15 theme hyaluronic 1106:1115 arg1 acid 1117:1120 hyaluronic acid 1106:1120 hyaluronic acid 1106:1120 The fillers were mainly consisted of hyaluronic acid or autologous fat. 28851200 1 16 theme cosmetic 188:195 arg1 injection 205:213 cosmetic fillers injection 188:213 cosmetic fillers injection 188:213 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 17 17 theme artery 2091:2096 arg1 occlusion 2098:2106 artery occlusion 2091:2106 artery occlusion 2091:2106 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 7 18 theme reduction 937:945 arg1 treatment 947:955 intraocular pressure reduction treatment 916:955 intraocular pressure reduction treatment 916:955 After the diagnosis, all patients were treated generally combined with intraocular pressure reduction treatment and other treatment measures. 28851200 14 19 theme light 1676:1680 arg1 one 1694:1696 one 1694:1696 one 1694:1696 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 14 19 theme light 1676:1680 arg1 perception 1682:1691 light perception 1676:1691 light perception 1676:1691 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 7 20 theme intraocular 916:926 arg1 treatment 947:955 intraocular pressure reduction treatment 916:955 intraocular pressure reduction treatment 916:955 After the diagnosis, all patients were treated generally combined with intraocular pressure reduction treatment and other treatment measures. 28851200 0 21 theme cosmetic 51:58 arg1 injection 68:76 facial cosmetic fillers injection 44:76 facial cosmetic fillers injection 44:76 [Clinical analysis of visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection]. 28851200 14 22 theme visual 1650:1655 arg1 acuity 1657:1662 2 patients' visual acuity 1638:1662 2 patients' visual acuity 1638:1662 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 12 23 theme occlusion 1495:1503 arg1 signs 1505:1509 artery occlusion signs 1488:1509 artery occlusion signs 1488:1509 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 4 24 from time 677:680 arg1 appearance 659:668 the patient's facial appearance 638:668 the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission 638:693 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 24 from time 677:680 arg1 condition 505:513 the general condition 493:513 the general condition 493:513 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 24 from time 677:680 arg1 history 524:530 medical history 516:530 medical history 516:530 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 24 from time 677:680 arg1 acuity 580:585 visual acuity 573:585 visual acuity 573:585 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 24 from time 677:680 arg1 results 554:560 clinical examination results 533:560 clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) 533:632 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 12 25 theme fundus 1462:1467 arg1 perception 1394:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 25 theme fundus 1462:1467 arg1 examination 1469:1479 fundus examination 1462:1479 fundus examination 1462:1479 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 8 26 with female 1018:1023 arg1 age 1056:1058 average age 1048:1058 average age of 33.4 1048:1066 Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. 28851200 4 27 theme admission 685:693 arg1 time 677:680 the time 673:680 the time of admission 673:693 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 3 28 theme fillers 376:382 arg1 injection 384:392 facial cosmetic fillers injection 360:392 facial cosmetic fillers injection 360:392 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 15 29 theme middle-aged 1866:1876 arg1 patients 1793:1800 Most patients 1788:1800 Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections 1788:1851 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 15 29 theme middle-aged 1866:1876 arg1 women 1878:1882 young or middle-aged women 1857:1882 young or middle-aged women 1857:1882 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 15 29 theme middle-aged 1866:1876 arg1 Conclusions 1775:1785 Conclusions 1775:1785 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 1775:1937 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 4 30 theme facial 652:657 arg1 appearance 659:668 the patient's facial appearance 638:668 the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission 638:693 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 3 31 theme facial 360:365 arg1 injection 384:392 facial cosmetic fillers injection 360:392 facial cosmetic fillers injection 360:392 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 0 32 theme [Clinical 0:8 arg1 analysis 10:17 [Clinical analysis 0:17 [Clinical analysis of visual loss 0:32 [Clinical analysis of visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection]. 28851200 3 33 dep December 453:460 arg1 to 468:469 to 468:469 to 468:469 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 3 33 dep December 453:460 arg1 June 471:474 June 471:474 June 471:474 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 17 34 theme drugs 2182:2186 arg1 use 2162:2164 use 2162:2164 use of non-standard drugs 2162:2186 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 34 theme drugs 2182:2186 arg1 understanding 2200:2212 inadequate understanding 2189:2212 inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator 2189:2246 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 34 theme drugs 2182:2186 arg1 organization 2148:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 34 theme drugs 2182:2186 arg1 methods 2272:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 3 35 theme Second 401:406 arg1 Hospital 408:415 the Second Hospital 397:415 the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University 397:444 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 12 36 theme ptosis 1451:1456 arg1 perception 1394:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 36 theme ptosis 1451:1456 arg1 site 1416:1419 injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination 1406:1479 site 1416:1419 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 36 theme ptosis 1451:1456 arg1 ptosis 1451:1456 ptosis 1451:1456 ptosis 1451:1456 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 36 theme ptosis 1451:1456 arg1 examination 1469:1479 fundus examination 1462:1479 fundus examination 1462:1479 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 36 theme ptosis 1451:1456 arg1 degree 1441:1446 different degree 1431:1446 different degree of ptosis 1431:1456 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 17 37 theme inadequate 2189:2198 arg1 understanding 2200:2212 inadequate understanding 2189:2212 inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator 2189:2246 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 0 38 theme loss 29:32 arg1 analysis 10:17 [Clinical analysis 0:17 [Clinical analysis of visual loss 0:32 [Clinical analysis of visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection]. 28851200 3 39 theme visual 338:343 arg1 loss 345:348 visual loss 338:348 visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection 338:392 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 3 39 theme visual 338:343 arg1 data 287:290 the clinical data 274:290 the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016 274:480 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 14 40 theme significant 1750:1760 arg1 improvement 1762:1772 no significant improvement 1747:1772 no significant improvement 1747:1772 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 17 41 theme anatomy 2224:2230 arg1 use 2162:2164 use 2162:2164 use of non-standard drugs 2162:2186 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 41 theme anatomy 2224:2230 arg1 understanding 2200:2212 inadequate understanding 2189:2212 inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator 2189:2246 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 41 theme anatomy 2224:2230 arg1 organization 2148:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 41 theme anatomy 2224:2230 arg1 methods 2272:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 1 42 theme fillers 197:203 arg1 injection 205:213 cosmetic fillers injection 188:213 cosmetic fillers injection 188:213 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 15 43 theme injection 1902:1910 arg1 sites 1912:1916 most common injection sites 1890:1916 most common injection sites at nose or forehead 1890:1936 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 1 44 theme clinical 124:131 arg1 factors 115:121 the risk factors 106:121 the risk factors 106:121 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 1 44 theme clinical 124:131 arg1 manifestations 133:146 clinical manifestations 124:146 clinical manifestations 124:146 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 16 45 theme central 1975:1981 arg1 occlusion 1998:2006 central retinal artery occlusion 1975:2006 central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment 1975:2055 The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. 28851200 6 46 theme medical 802:808 arg1 history 810:816 the medical history 798:816 the medical history 798:816 Confirm the composition of the fillers according to the medical history and the product packaging. 28851200 4 47 theme examination 542:552 arg1 acuity 580:585 visual acuity 573:585 visual acuity 573:585 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 47 theme examination 542:552 arg1 results 554:560 clinical examination results 533:560 clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) 533:632 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 16 48 theme artery 1991:1996 arg1 occlusion 1998:2006 central retinal artery occlusion 1975:2006 central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment 1975:2055 The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. 28851200 13 49 theme artery 1596:1601 arg1 occlusion 1603:1611 posterior ciliary artery occlusion 1578:1611 posterior ciliary artery occlusion 1578:1611 Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. 28851200 6 50 theme fillers 777:783 arg1 composition 758:768 the composition 754:768 the composition of the fillers according to the medical history and the product packaging 754:842 Confirm the composition of the fillers according to the medical history and the product packaging. 28851200 4 51 theme medical 516:522 arg1 history 524:530 medical history 516:530 medical history 516:530 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 11 52 theme treatment 1343:1351 arg1 acceptance 1321:1330 the acceptance 1317:1330 the acceptance of medical treatment 1317:1351 The mean time was 31.7 hours since the onset to the acceptance of medical treatment. 28851200 2 53 theme case 247:250 arg1 It 225:226 It 225:226 It 225:226 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 2 53 theme case 247:250 arg1 study 259:263 a retrospetive case series study 232:263 a retrospetive case series study 232:263 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 2 53 theme case 247:250 arg1 Methods 216:222 Methods 216:222 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 216:264 Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. 28851200 17 54 theme operator 2239:2246 arg1 anatomy 2224:2230 facial anatomy 2217:2230 facial anatomy of the operator 2217:2246 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 18 55 dep Ophthalmol 2288:2297 arg1 594-598 2310:2316 594-598 2310:2316 594-598 2310:2316 (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 594-598). 28851200 16 56 theme visual 1943:1948 arg1 loss 1950:1953 The visual loss 1939:1953 The visual loss 1939:1953 The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. 28851200 7 57 theme other 961:965 arg1 measures 977:984 other treatment measures 961:984 other treatment measures 961:984 After the diagnosis, all patients were treated generally combined with intraocular pressure reduction treatment and other treatment measures. 28851200 1 58 theme loss 173:176 arg1 treatment 153:161 treatment 153:161 treatment of visual loss 153:176 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 8 59 theme 33.4 1063:1066 arg1 age 1056:1058 average age 1048:1058 average age of 33.4 1048:1066 Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. 28851200 15 60 from nose 1921:1924 arg1 sites 1912:1916 most common injection sites 1890:1916 most common injection sites at nose or forehead 1890:1936 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 13 61 theme retinal 1544:1550 arg1 occlusion 1559:1567 central retinal artery occlusion 1536:1567 central retinal artery occlusion 1536:1567 Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. 28851200 14 62 theme hand 1710:1713 arg1 movements 1715:1723 hand movements 1710:1723 hand movements 1710:1723 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 6 63 theme product 826:832 arg1 packaging 834:842 the product packaging 822:842 the product packaging 822:842 Confirm the composition of the fillers according to the medical history and the product packaging. 28851200 13 64 theme posterior 1578:1586 arg1 occlusion 1603:1611 posterior ciliary artery occlusion 1578:1611 posterior ciliary artery occlusion 1578:1611 Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. 28851200 15 65 from forehead 1929:1936 arg1 sites 1912:1916 most common injection sites 1890:1916 most common injection sites at nose or forehead 1890:1936 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 4 66 theme visual 573:578 arg1 acuity 580:585 visual acuity 573:585 visual acuity 573:585 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 66 theme visual 573:578 arg1 pressure 600:607 intraocular pressure 588:607 intraocular pressure 588:607 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 66 theme visual 573:578 arg1 condition 617:625 fundus condition 610:625 fundus condition 610:625 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 66 theme visual 573:578 arg1 etc. 628:631 etc. 628:631 etc. 628:631 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 15 67 with women 1878:1882 arg1 sites 1912:1916 most common injection sites 1890:1916 most common injection sites at nose or forehead 1890:1936 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 7 68 theme pressure 928:935 arg1 treatment 947:955 intraocular pressure reduction treatment 916:955 intraocular pressure reduction treatment 916:955 After the diagnosis, all patients were treated generally combined with intraocular pressure reduction treatment and other treatment measures. 28851200 3 69 theme clinical 278:285 arg1 loss 345:348 visual loss 338:348 visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection 338:392 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 3 69 theme clinical 278:285 arg1 data 287:290 the clinical data 274:290 the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016 274:480 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 9 70 theme autologous 1125:1134 arg1 fat 1136:1138 autologous fat 1125:1138 autologous fat 1125:1138 The fillers were mainly consisted of hyaluronic acid or autologous fat. 28851200 1 71 theme risk 110:113 arg1 factors 115:121 the risk factors 106:121 the risk factors 106:121 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 1 71 theme risk 110:113 arg1 manifestations 133:146 clinical manifestations 124:146 clinical manifestations 124:146 Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. 28851200 0 72 theme fillers 60:66 arg1 injection 68:76 facial cosmetic fillers injection 44:76 facial cosmetic fillers injection 44:76 [Clinical analysis of visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection]. 28851200 3 73 theme cases 298:302 arg1 loss 345:348 visual loss 338:348 visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection 338:392 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 3 73 theme cases 298:302 arg1 data 287:290 the clinical data 274:290 the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016 274:480 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 4 74 theme fundus 610:615 arg1 acuity 580:585 visual acuity 573:585 visual acuity 573:585 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 74 theme fundus 610:615 arg1 condition 617:625 fundus condition 610:625 fundus condition 610:625 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 12 75 theme artery 1488:1493 arg1 signs 1505:1509 artery occlusion signs 1488:1509 artery occlusion signs 1488:1509 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 13 76 theme central 1536:1542 arg1 occlusion 1559:1567 central retinal artery occlusion 1536:1567 central retinal artery occlusion 1536:1567 Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. 28851200 17 77 theme injection 2262:2270 arg1 methods 2272:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 improper injection methods 2253:2278 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 16 78 theme ineffective 2026:2036 arg1 treatment 2047:2055 an ineffective clinical treatment 2023:2055 an ineffective clinical treatment 2023:2055 The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. 28851200 17 79 theme main 2062:2065 arg1 injection 2113:2121 injection 2113:2121 injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods 2113:2278 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 79 theme main 2062:2065 arg1 factors 2067:2073 The main factors 2058:2073 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion 2058:2106 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 80 theme non-standard 2169:2180 arg1 drugs 2182:2186 non-standard drugs 2169:2186 non-standard drugs 2169:2186 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 8 81 dep female 1018:1023 arg1 female 1018:1023 female 1018:1023 female 1018:1023 Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. 28851200 8 81 dep female 1018:1023 arg1 patients 1004:1011 All the patients 996:1011 All the patients 996:1011 Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. 28851200 8 81 dep female 1018:1023 arg1 old 1038:1040 old 1038:1040 old 1038:1040 Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. 28851200 3 82 theme cosmetic 367:374 arg1 injection 384:392 facial cosmetic fillers injection 360:392 facial cosmetic fillers injection 360:392 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 0 83 theme visual 22:27 arg1 loss 29:32 visual loss 22:32 visual loss 22:32 [Clinical analysis of visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection]. 28851200 15 84 theme cosmetic 1833:1840 arg1 injections 1842:1851 cosmetic injections 1833:1851 cosmetic injections 1833:1851 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 12 85 theme different 1431:1439 arg1 perception 1394:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 85 theme different 1431:1439 arg1 degree 1441:1446 different degree 1431:1446 different degree of ptosis 1431:1456 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 4 86 theme general 497:503 arg1 condition 505:513 the general condition 493:513 the general condition 493:513 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 15 87 theme young 1857:1861 arg1 patients 1793:1800 Most patients 1788:1800 Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections 1788:1851 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 15 87 theme young 1857:1861 arg1 women 1878:1882 young or middle-aged women 1857:1882 young or middle-aged women 1857:1882 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 15 87 theme young 1857:1861 arg1 Conclusions 1775:1785 Conclusions 1775:1785 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 1775:1937 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 11 88 theme mean 1273:1276 arg1 time 1278:1281 The mean time 1269:1281 The mean time 1269:1281 The mean time was 31.7 hours since the onset to the acceptance of medical treatment. 28851200 11 88 theme mean 1273:1276 arg1 hours 1292:1296 31.7 hours 1287:1296 31.7 hours 1287:1296 The mean time was 31.7 hours since the onset to the acceptance of medical treatment. 28851200 14 89 theme active 1620:1625 arg1 treatment 1627:1635 active treatment 1620:1635 active treatment 1620:1635 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 15 90 theme visual 1815:1820 arg1 loss 1822:1825 visual loss 1815:1825 visual loss 1815:1825 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 0 91 theme facial 44:49 arg1 injection 68:76 facial cosmetic fillers injection 44:76 facial cosmetic fillers injection 44:76 [Clinical analysis of visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection]. 28851200 12 92 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 perception 1394:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 no light perception 1385:1403 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 92 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 site 1416:1419 injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination 1406:1479 site 1416:1419 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 92 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 ptosis 1451:1456 ptosis 1451:1456 ptosis 1451:1456 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 92 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 examination 1469:1479 fundus examination 1462:1479 fundus examination 1462:1479 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 12 92 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 degree 1441:1446 different degree 1431:1446 different degree of ptosis 1431:1456 All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. 28851200 17 93 theme facial 2217:2222 arg1 anatomy 2224:2230 facial anatomy 2217:2230 facial anatomy of the operator 2217:2246 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 3 94 theme University 435:444 arg1 Hospital 408:415 the Second Hospital 397:415 the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University 397:444 Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. 28851200 15 95 theme common 1895:1900 arg1 sites 1912:1916 most common injection sites 1890:1916 most common injection sites at nose or forehead 1890:1936 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 4 96 theme clinical 533:540 arg1 acuity 580:585 visual acuity 573:585 visual acuity 573:585 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 4 96 theme clinical 533:540 arg1 results 554:560 clinical examination results 533:560 clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) 533:632 Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. 28851200 15 97 theme Most 1788:1791 arg1 patients 1793:1800 Most patients 1788:1800 Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections 1788:1851 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 15 97 theme Most 1788:1791 arg1 women 1878:1882 young or middle-aged women 1857:1882 young or middle-aged women 1857:1882 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 15 97 theme Most 1788:1791 arg1 Conclusions 1775:1785 Conclusions 1775:1785 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 1775:1937 Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. 28851200 14 98 contain had 1743:1745 arg2 improvement 1762:1772 no significant improvement 1747:1772 no significant improvement 1747:1772 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 14 98 contain had 1743:1745 arg1 others 1736:1741 the others 1732:1741 the others 1732:1741 After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. 28851200 17 99 theme informal 2131:2138 arg1 organization 2148:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 28851200 17 100 theme medical 2140:2146 arg1 organization 2148:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 informal medical organization 2131:2159 The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods. 27259000 0 0 theme fungi 69:73 arg1 sensitivity 42:52 sensitivity 42:52 sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan 42:85 Cell wall composition plays a key role on sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 3 1 theme wall 286:289 arg1 unknown 329:335 unknown 329:335 unknown 329:335 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 3 1 theme wall 286:289 arg1 role 262:265 the role 258:265 the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan 258:324 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 5 2 theme Pochonia 591:598 arg1 chlamydosporia 600:613 Pochonia chlamydosporia 591:613 Pochonia chlamydosporia 591:613 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 2 theme Pochonia 591:598 arg1 fungus 629:634 a biocontrol fungus 616:634 a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan 616:656 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 3 theme β-1,3-glucan 479:490 arg1 inhibitor 501:509 a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor 477:509 a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor 477:509 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 3 theme β-1,3-glucan 479:490 arg1 Caspofungin 464:474 Caspofungin 464:474 Caspofungin 464:474 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 4 theme biocontrol 618:627 arg1 chlamydosporia 600:613 Pochonia chlamydosporia 591:613 Pochonia chlamydosporia 591:613 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 4 theme biocontrol 618:627 arg1 fungus 629:634 a biocontrol fungus 616:634 a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan 616:656 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 9 5 dep higher 1147:1152 arg1 ca 1155:1156 ca 1155:1156 ca 1155:1156 The mycelium of P. chlamydosporia showed a higher (ca. 27259000 0 6 theme filamentous 57:67 arg1 fungi 69:73 filamentous fungi 57:73 filamentous fungi 57:73 Cell wall composition plays a key role on sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 7 7 theme related 889:895 arg1 strains 881:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains 852:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 852:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 1 8 theme filamentous 144:154 arg1 fungi 156:160 filamentous fungi 144:160 filamentous fungi 144:160 Chitosan antifungal activity has been reported for both filamentous fungi and yeast. 27259000 7 9 theme wall 867:870 arg1 strains 881:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains 852:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 852:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 7 10 theme deletion 872:879 arg1 strains 881:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains 852:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 852:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 6 11 theme β-1,3-glucan 720:731 arg1 fks 744:746 fks 744:746 fks 744:746 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 6 11 theme β-1,3-glucan 720:731 arg1 synthesis 733:741 β-1,3-glucan synthesis 720:741 β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) 720:747 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 4 12 theme cell 351:354 arg1 regeneration 361:372 cell wall regeneration 351:372 cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 351:426 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 3 13 from role 262:265 arg1 response 305:312 their response 299:312 their response to chitosan 299:324 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 6 14 from changes 825:831 arg1 expression 840:849 its expression 836:849 its expression 836:849 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 5 15 theme N. 569:570 arg1 crassa 572:577 N. crassa 569:577 N. crassa 569:577 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 7 16 theme cell 862:865 arg1 strains 881:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains 852:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 852:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 8 17 theme same 1066:1069 arg1 sensitivity 1071:1081 the same sensitivity 1062:1081 the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt 1062:1101 On the contrary, chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) showed the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt. 27259000 11 18 theme important 1291:1299 arg1 role 1301:1304 an important role 1288:1304 an important role 1288:1304 Taken together, our results indicate that cell wall composition plays an important role on -sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 11 19 theme wall 1265:1268 arg1 composition 1270:1280 cell wall composition 1260:1280 cell wall composition 1260:1280 Taken together, our results indicate that cell wall composition plays an important role on -sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 0 20 theme wall 5:8 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition plays a key role on sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 5 21 theme synergistic 521:531 arg1 effect 544:549 a synergistic antifungal effect 519:549 a synergistic antifungal effect 519:549 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 0 22 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 composition 10:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition 0:20 Cell wall composition plays a key role on sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 11 23 theme cell 1260:1263 arg1 composition 1270:1280 cell wall composition 1260:1280 cell wall composition 1260:1280 Taken together, our results indicate that cell wall composition plays an important role on -sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 5 24 theme antifungal 533:542 arg1 effect 544:549 a synergistic antifungal effect 519:549 a synergistic antifungal effect 519:549 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 11 25 theme fungi 1337:1341 arg1 -sensitivity 1309:1320 -sensitivity 1309:1320 -sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan 1309:1353 Taken together, our results indicate that cell wall composition plays an important role on -sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 7 26 theme N. 852:853 arg1 crassa 855:860 N. crassa 852:860 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 852:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 7 27 theme crassa 855:860 arg1 strains 881:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains 852:887 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 852:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 7 28 dep elongation 913:922 arg1 Δgel-2 936:941 Δgel-2 936:941 Δgel-2 936:941 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 7 28 dep elongation 913:922 arg1 Δgel-1 925:930 Δgel-1 925:930 Δgel-1 925:930 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 1 29 theme Chitosan 88:95 arg1 activity 108:115 Chitosan antifungal activity 88:115 Chitosan antifungal activity 88:115 Chitosan antifungal activity has been reported for both filamentous fungi and yeast. 27259000 0 30 theme key 30:32 arg1 role 34:37 a key role 28:37 a key role 28:37 Cell wall composition plays a key role on sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 4 31 theme crassa 388:393 arg1 protoplasts 416:426 Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 377:426 Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 377:426 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 11 32 theme filamentous 1325:1335 arg1 fungi 1337:1341 filamentous fungi 1325:1341 filamentous fungi 1325:1341 Taken together, our results indicate that cell wall composition plays an important role on -sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. 27259000 8 33 theme chitin 1014:1019 arg1 synthase 1021:1028 chitin synthase 1014:1028 chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) 1014:1053 On the contrary, chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) showed the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt. 27259000 7 34 theme wild 981:984 arg1 wt 992:993 wt 992:993 wt 992:993 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 7 34 theme wild 981:984 arg1 type 986:989 wild type 981:989 wild type (wt) 981:994 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 4 35 theme sensitive 405:413 arg1 chitosan 396:403 chitosan sensitive 396:413 chitosan sensitive 396:413 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 4 35 theme sensitive 405:413 arg1 crassa 388:393 Neurospora crassa 377:393 Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 377:426 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 5 36 theme synthase 492:499 arg1 inhibitor 501:509 a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor 477:509 a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor 477:509 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 36 theme synthase 492:499 arg1 Caspofungin 464:474 Caspofungin 464:474 Caspofungin 464:474 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 3 37 theme fungal 274:279 arg1 CW 292:293 CW 292:293 CW 292:293 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 3 37 theme fungal 274:279 arg1 wall 286:289 the fungal cell wall 270:289 the fungal cell wall (CW) 270:294 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 9 38 theme chlamydosporia 1123:1136 arg1 mycelium 1108:1115 The mycelium 1104:1115 The mycelium of P. chlamydosporia 1104:1136 The mycelium of P. chlamydosporia showed a higher (ca. 27259000 2 39 theme plasma 208:213 arg1 membrane 215:222 fungal plasma membrane 201:222 fungal plasma membrane 201:222 Previous studies have shown fungal plasma membrane as main chitosan target. 27259000 5 40 theme resistant 636:644 arg1 chlamydosporia 600:613 Pochonia chlamydosporia 591:613 Pochonia chlamydosporia 591:613 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 5 40 theme resistant 636:644 arg1 fungus 629:634 a biocontrol fungus 616:634 a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan 616:656 Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for N. crassa but not for Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biocontrol fungus resistant to chitosan. 27259000 1 41 theme antifungal 97:106 arg1 activity 108:115 Chitosan antifungal activity 88:115 Chitosan antifungal activity 88:115 Chitosan antifungal activity has been reported for both filamentous fungi and yeast. 27259000 6 42 theme chitin 780:785 arg1 synthase 787:794 chitin synthase 780:794 the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) 776:807 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 3 43 theme cell 281:284 arg1 CW 292:293 CW 292:293 CW 292:293 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 3 43 theme cell 281:284 arg1 wall 286:289 the fungal cell wall 270:289 the fungal cell wall (CW) 270:294 However, the role of the fungal cell wall (CW) in their response to chitosan is unknown. 27259000 6 44 theme synthase 787:794 arg1 chs-1 802:806 chs-1 802:806 chs-1 802:806 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 6 44 theme synthase 787:794 arg1 gene 796:799 the chitin synthase gene 776:799 the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) 776:807 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 2 45 theme fungal 201:206 arg1 membrane 215:222 fungal plasma membrane 201:222 fungal plasma membrane 201:222 Previous studies have shown fungal plasma membrane as main chitosan target. 27259000 10 46 theme N. 1207:1208 arg1 crassa 1210:1215 N. crassa 1207:1215 N. crassa 1207:1215 twofold) β-1,3-glucan/chitin ratio than that of N. crassa. 27259000 4 47 from regeneration 361:372 arg1 protoplasts 416:426 Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 377:426 Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 377:426 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 4 48 theme wall 356:359 arg1 regeneration 361:372 cell wall regeneration 351:372 cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 351:426 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 7 49 theme β-1,3-glucan 900:911 arg1 elongation 913:922 β-1,3-glucan elongation 900:922 β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) 900:942 N. crassa cell wall deletion strains related to β-1,3-glucan elongation (Δgel-1 and Δgel-2) were more sensitive to chitosan than wild type (wt). 27259000 4 50 theme Neurospora 377:386 arg1 chitosan 396:403 chitosan sensitive 396:413 chitosan sensitive 396:413 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 4 50 theme Neurospora 377:386 arg1 crassa 388:393 Neurospora crassa 377:393 Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts 377:426 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 8 51 theme deletion 1030:1037 arg1 strain 1039:1044 chitin synthase deletion strain 1014:1044 chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) 1014:1053 On the contrary, chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) showed the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt. 27259000 8 51 theme deletion 1030:1037 arg1 Δchs-1 1047:1052 Δchs-1 1047:1052 Δchs-1 1047:1052 On the contrary, chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) showed the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt. 27259000 2 52 theme Previous 173:180 arg1 studies 182:188 Previous studies 173:188 Previous studies 173:188 Previous studies have shown fungal plasma membrane as main chitosan target. 27259000 2 53 theme chitosan 232:239 arg1 target 241:246 main chitosan target 227:246 main chitosan target 227:246 Previous studies have shown fungal plasma membrane as main chitosan target. 27259000 6 54 theme crassa 695:700 arg1 genes 702:706 N. crassa genes 692:706 N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) 692:770 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 27259000 8 55 theme synthase 1021:1028 arg1 strain 1039:1044 chitin synthase deletion strain 1014:1044 chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) 1014:1053 On the contrary, chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) showed the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt. 27259000 8 55 theme synthase 1021:1028 arg1 Δchs-1 1047:1052 Δchs-1 1047:1052 Δchs-1 1047:1052 On the contrary, chitin synthase deletion strain (Δchs-1) showed the same sensitivity to chitosan than wt. 27259000 4 56 theme chitosan 447:454 arg1 damage 456:461 chitosan damage 447:461 chitosan damage 447:461 We show that cell wall regeneration in Neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. 27259000 2 57 theme main 227:230 arg1 target 241:246 main chitosan target 227:246 main chitosan target 227:246 Previous studies have shown fungal plasma membrane as main chitosan target. 27259000 6 58 theme N. 692:693 arg1 crassa 695:700 N. crassa 692:700 N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) 692:770 Chitosan significantly repressed N. crassa genes involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis (fks) and elongation (gel-1) but the chitin synthase gene (chs-1) did not present changes in its expression. 26159829 0 0 theme carbon 93:98 arg1 dioxide 100:106 compressed carbon dioxide 82:106 compressed carbon dioxide 82:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 0 1 with separations 38:48 arg1 dioxide 100:106 compressed carbon dioxide 82:106 compressed carbon dioxide 82:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 1 2 theme cellulose 155:163 arg1 separation 141:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation 109:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide 109:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 0 3 theme compressed 82:91 arg1 dioxide 100:106 compressed carbon dioxide 82:106 compressed carbon dioxide 82:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 2 4 theme liquid 343:348 arg1 composition 360:370 liquid phase CO2 composition 343:370 liquid phase CO2 composition 343:370 The precipitation is completely reversible and rapid within small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition. 26159829 2 5 theme phase 350:354 arg1 composition 360:370 liquid phase CO2 composition 343:370 liquid phase CO2 composition 343:370 The precipitation is completely reversible and rapid within small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition. 26159829 2 6 dep composition 360:370 arg1 i.e. 338:341 i.e. 338:341 i.e. 338:341 The precipitation is completely reversible and rapid within small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition. 26159829 3 7 theme high 406:409 arg1 NMR 420:422 high pressure NMR 406:422 high pressure NMR 406:422 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 3 8 theme phase 387:391 arg1 equilibrium 393:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 1 9 theme ionic 173:177 arg1 mixture 201:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 3 10 theme pressure 378:385 arg1 equilibrium 393:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 2 11 theme small 312:316 arg1 changes 318:324 small changes 312:324 small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition 312:370 The precipitation is completely reversible and rapid within small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition. 26159829 1 12 theme liquid 179:184 arg1 mixture 201:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 0 13 theme Reversible 0:9 arg1 separations 38:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations 0:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide 0:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 0 14 theme cellulose 28:36 arg1 separations 38:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations 0:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide 0:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 1 15 theme IL 187:188 arg1 mixture 201:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 0 16 theme non-reactive 15:26 arg1 separations 38:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations 0:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide 0:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 1 17 theme novel 111:115 arg1 separation 141:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation 109:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide 109:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 3 18 theme separation 482:491 arg1 phenomena 493:501 the separation phenomena 478:501 the separation phenomena 478:501 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 3 19 theme state 435:439 arg1 NMR 441:443 solid state NMR 429:443 solid state NMR 429:443 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 1 20 theme /cosolvent 190:199 arg1 mixture 201:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture 170:207 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 3 21 theme pressure 411:418 arg1 NMR 420:422 high pressure NMR 406:422 high pressure NMR 406:422 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 3 22 used utilized 455:462 arg2 NMR 420:422 high pressure NMR 406:422 high pressure NMR 406:422 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 3 22 used utilized 455:462 arg2 NMR 441:443 solid state NMR 429:443 solid state NMR 429:443 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 3 22 used utilized 455:462 arg2 equilibrium 393:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 0 23 theme liquid 61:66 arg1 mixtures 68:75 ionic liquid mixtures 55:75 ionic liquid mixtures 55:75 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 0 24 from mixtures 68:75 arg1 separations 38:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations 0:48 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide 0:106 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 1 25 from mixture 201:207 arg1 separation 141:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation 109:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide 109:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 1 26 theme physical 117:124 arg1 separation 141:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation 109:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide 109:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 0 27 theme ionic 55:59 arg1 mixtures 68:75 ionic liquid mixtures 55:75 ionic liquid mixtures 55:75 Reversible and non-reactive cellulose separations from ionic liquid mixtures with compressed carbon dioxide. 26159829 2 28 theme pressure 329:336 arg1 changes 318:324 small changes 312:324 small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition 312:370 The precipitation is completely reversible and rapid within small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition. 26159829 1 29 theme non-reactive 127:138 arg1 separation 141:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation 109:150 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide 109:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 1 30 theme compressed 212:221 arg1 dioxide 230:236 compressed carbon dioxide 212:236 compressed carbon dioxide 212:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 3 31 theme solid 429:433 arg1 NMR 441:443 solid state NMR 429:443 solid state NMR 429:443 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 1 32 theme carbon 223:228 arg1 dioxide 230:236 compressed carbon dioxide 212:236 compressed carbon dioxide 212:236 A novel physical (non-reactive) separation of cellulose from an ionic liquid (IL)/cosolvent mixture by compressed carbon dioxide is presented. 26159829 3 33 theme High 373:376 arg1 equilibrium 393:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium 373:403 High pressure phase equilibrium, high pressure NMR, and solid state NMR have been utilized to understand the separation phenomena. 26159829 2 34 theme CO2 356:358 arg1 composition 360:370 liquid phase CO2 composition 343:370 liquid phase CO2 composition 343:370 The precipitation is completely reversible and rapid within small changes of pressure i.e. liquid phase CO2 composition. 27294945 0 0 theme Nutrient 66:73 arg1 Composition 75:85 the Nutrient Composition 62:85 the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 62:124 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 4 1 theme Whole 554:558 arg1 samples 566:572 Whole flour samples 554:572 Whole flour samples 554:572 Whole flour samples were analyzed by ICP-AES/MS, HPLC and Elemental CHNS Analyzer. 27294945 2 2 from soil 336:339 arg1 effects 260:266 the effects 256:266 the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 256:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 0 3 dep vulgare 106:112 arg1 L. 114:115 Hordeum vulgare L. 98:115 Hordeum vulgare L. 98:115 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 9 4 dep increase 1047:1054 arg1 % 1059:1059 51% 1057:1059 51% 1057:1059 Among amino acids, lysine followed by proline saw the largest increase (51% and 37%, respectively). 27294945 9 4 dep increase 1047:1054 arg1 % 1067:1067 37% 1065:1067 37% 1065:1067 Among amino acids, lysine followed by proline saw the largest increase (51% and 37%, respectively). 27294945 13 5 dep malt 1499:1502 arg1 impact 1492:1497 impact 1492:1497 impact 1492:1497 However, both MeNPs have the potential to negatively impact malt and feed production. 27294945 10 6 theme mg 1174:1175 arg1 -1 1186:1187 -1 1186:1187 -1 1186:1187 Potassium and S were both negatively impacted by MeNPs, while B was only affected by 500 mg nCeO₂·kg(-1). 27294945 10 6 theme mg 1174:1175 arg1 nCeO₂·kg 1177:1184 500 mg nCeO₂·kg 1170:1184 500 mg nCeO₂·kg(-1) 1170:1188 Potassium and S were both negatively impacted by MeNPs, while B was only affected by 500 mg nCeO₂·kg(-1). 27294945 3 7 theme protein 500:506 arg1 concentrations 513:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 2 8 from effects 260:266 arg1 mg·kg 360:364 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg 344:364 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) 344:368 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 8 from effects 260:266 arg1 soil 336:339 soil 336:339 soil 336:339 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 8 from effects 260:266 arg1 parameters 389:398 the nutritional parameters 373:398 the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 373:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 8 from effects 260:266 arg1 -1 366:367 -1 366:367 -1 366:367 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 6 9 theme kernels 834:840 arg1 impact 778:783 an impact 775:783 an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels 775:840 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Soil 54:57 Soil 54:57 Soil 54:57 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Composition 75:85 the Nutrient Composition 62:85 the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 62:124 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 10 11 theme 500 1170:1172 arg1 mg 1174:1175 mg 1174:1175 mg 1174:1175 Potassium and S were both negatively impacted by MeNPs, while B was only affected by 500 mg nCeO₂·kg(-1). 27294945 4 12 theme Elemental 612:620 arg1 Analyzer 627:634 Elemental CHNS Analyzer 612:634 Elemental CHNS Analyzer 612:634 Whole flour samples were analyzed by ICP-AES/MS, HPLC and Elemental CHNS Analyzer. 27294945 12 13 theme beneficial 1419:1428 arg1 effects 1430:1436 beneficial effects 1419:1436 beneficial effects 1419:1436 Generally, our findings demonstrated that kernels are negatively affected by nCeO₂ while nTiO₂ can potentially have beneficial effects. 27294945 6 14 theme barley 827:832 arg1 kernels 834:840 barley kernels 827:840 barley kernels 827:840 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 2 15 theme barley 403:408 arg1 kernels 431:437 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 403:437 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 403:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 16 from mg·kg 360:364 arg1 nanoparticles 319:331 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles 271:331 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) 271:368 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 16 from mg·kg 360:364 arg1 effects 260:266 the effects 256:266 the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 256:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 17 theme study 234:238 arg1 purpose 218:224 The purpose 214:224 The purpose of this study 214:238 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 6 18 theme contrasting 845:855 arg1 ways 857:860 contrasting ways 845:860 contrasting ways 845:860 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 0 19 from Nanoparticles 37:49 arg1 Soil 54:57 Soil 54:57 Soil 54:57 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 20 theme Barley 90:95 arg1 vulgare 106:112 Hordeum vulgare L. 98:115 Hordeum vulgare L. 98:115 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 20 theme Barley 90:95 arg1 Kernels 118:124 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 90:124 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 90:124 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 11 21 theme nTiO₂ 1285:1289 arg1 treatments 1291:1300 both nTiO₂ treatments 1280:1300 both nTiO₂ treatments 1280:1300 On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. 27294945 4 22 theme CHNS 622:625 arg1 Analyzer 627:634 Elemental CHNS Analyzer 612:634 Elemental CHNS Analyzer 612:634 Whole flour samples were analyzed by ICP-AES/MS, HPLC and Elemental CHNS Analyzer. 27294945 1 23 theme metal 147:151 arg1 nanoparticles 153:165 metal nanoparticles 147:165 metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) 147:173 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. 27294945 1 23 theme metal 147:151 arg1 MeNPs 168:172 MeNPs 168:172 MeNPs 168:172 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. 27294945 3 24 theme Mineral 440:446 arg1 concentrations 513:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 6 25 from impact 778:783 arg1 composition 788:798 composition 788:798 composition 788:798 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 6 25 from impact 778:783 arg1 quality 816:822 nutritional quality 804:822 nutritional quality 804:822 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 1 26 theme nanoparticles 153:165 arg1 unknown 185:191 unknown 185:191 unknown 185:191 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. 27294945 1 26 theme nanoparticles 153:165 arg1 implications 131:142 The implications 127:142 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) 127:173 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. 27294945 9 27 theme largest 1039:1045 arg1 increase 1047:1054 the largest increase 1035:1054 the largest increase (51% and 37%, respectively) 1035:1082 Among amino acids, lysine followed by proline saw the largest increase (51% and 37%, respectively). 27294945 3 28 theme nutrients 448:456 arg1 concentrations 513:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 11 29 theme Mn 1214:1215 arg1 concentrations 1217:1230 Zn and Mn concentrations 1207:1230 Zn and Mn concentrations 1207:1230 On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. 27294945 2 30 theme oxide 305:309 arg1 nanoparticles 319:331 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles 271:331 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) 271:368 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 5 31 theme Ti 664:665 arg1 accumulation 667:678 Ti accumulation 664:678 Ti accumulation 664:678 Results showed that Ce and Ti accumulation under MeNPs treatments did not differ from the control treatment. 27294945 6 32 theme nutritional 804:814 arg1 quality 816:822 nutritional quality 804:822 nutritional quality 804:822 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 7 33 theme amylose 912:918 arg1 content 920:926 amylose content 912:926 amylose content 912:926 Both MeNPs left β-glucans unaffected but reduced amylose content by approximately 21%. 27294945 13 34 contain have 1459:1462 arg1 MeNPs 1453:1457 both MeNPs 1448:1457 both MeNPs 1448:1457 However, both MeNPs have the potential to negatively impact malt and feed production. 27294945 13 34 contain have 1459:1462 arg2 potential 1468:1476 the potential to negatively impact malt and feed production 1464:1522 the potential to negatively impact malt and feed production 1464:1522 However, both MeNPs have the potential to negatively impact malt and feed production. 27294945 0 35 theme Cerium 11:16 arg1 Nanoparticles 37:49 Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles 11:49 Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil 11:57 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 36 theme Hordeum 98:104 arg1 vulgare 106:112 Hordeum vulgare L. 98:115 Hordeum vulgare L. 98:115 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 36 theme Hordeum 98:104 arg1 Kernels 118:124 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 90:124 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 90:124 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 7 37 theme left 874:877 arg1 β-glucans 879:887 Both MeNPs left β-glucans 863:887 Both MeNPs left β-glucans 863:887 Both MeNPs left β-glucans unaffected but reduced amylose content by approximately 21%. 27294945 11 38 theme Zn 1207:1208 arg1 concentrations 1217:1230 Zn and Mn concentrations 1207:1230 Zn and Mn concentrations 1207:1230 On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. 27294945 5 39 theme MeNPs 686:690 arg1 treatments 692:701 MeNPs treatments 686:701 MeNPs treatments 686:701 Results showed that Ce and Ti accumulation under MeNPs treatments did not differ from the control treatment. 27294945 0 40 theme Oxide 31:35 arg1 Nanoparticles 37:49 Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles 11:49 Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil 11:57 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 4 41 theme flour 560:564 arg1 samples 566:572 Whole flour samples 554:572 Whole flour samples 554:572 Whole flour samples were analyzed by ICP-AES/MS, HPLC and Elemental CHNS Analyzer. 27294945 2 42 theme vulgare 419:425 arg1 L. 427:428 Hordeum vulgare L. 411:428 Hordeum vulgare L. 411:428 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 42 theme vulgare 419:425 arg1 barley 403:408 barley 403:408 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 403:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 11 43 theme mg 1253:1254 arg1 nTiO₂·kg 1256:1263 500 mg nTiO₂·kg 1249:1263 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1) 1249:1267 On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. 27294945 11 43 theme mg 1253:1254 arg1 -1 1265:1266 -1 1265:1266 -1 1265:1266 On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. 27294945 0 44 theme Titanium 22:29 arg1 Oxide 31:35 Titanium Oxide 22:35 Titanium Oxide 22:35 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 2 45 theme Hordeum 411:417 arg1 L. 427:428 Hordeum vulgare L. 411:428 Hordeum vulgare L. 411:428 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 45 theme Hordeum 411:417 arg1 barley 403:408 barley 403:408 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 403:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 3 46 theme crude 494:498 arg1 CP 509:510 CP 509:510 CP 509:510 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 3 46 theme crude 494:498 arg1 protein 500:506 crude protein 494:506 crude protein (CP) 494:511 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 3 47 theme β-glucans 468:476 arg1 concentrations 513:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 2 48 theme nanoparticles 319:331 arg1 effects 260:266 the effects 256:266 the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 256:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 5 49 theme control 727:733 arg1 treatment 735:743 the control treatment 723:743 the control treatment 723:743 Results showed that Ce and Ti accumulation under MeNPs treatments did not differ from the control treatment. 27294945 8 50 theme Most 950:953 arg1 acids 961:965 Most amino acids 950:965 Most amino acids 950:965 Most amino acids and CP increased. 27294945 0 51 from Soil 54:57 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 0:125 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 52 theme Nanoparticles 37:49 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 0:125 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 0 53 theme Kernels 118:124 arg1 Composition 75:85 the Nutrient Composition 62:85 the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels 62:124 Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Kernels. 27294945 3 54 theme amylose 459:465 arg1 concentrations 513:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 2 55 theme oxide 278:282 arg1 nanoparticles 319:331 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles 271:331 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) 271:368 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 7 56 theme MeNPs 868:872 arg1 β-glucans 879:887 Both MeNPs left β-glucans 863:887 Both MeNPs left β-glucans 863:887 Both MeNPs left β-glucans unaffected but reduced amylose content by approximately 21%. 27294945 6 57 contain had 771:773 arg1 nCeO₂ 755:759 nCeO₂ 755:759 nCeO₂ 755:759 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 6 57 contain had 771:773 arg1 nTiO₂ 765:769 nTiO₂ 765:769 nTiO₂ 765:769 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 6 57 contain had 771:773 arg2 impact 778:783 an impact 775:783 an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels 775:840 However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. 27294945 3 58 theme acid 485:488 arg1 concentrations 513:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations 440:526 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 8 59 theme amino 955:959 arg1 acids 961:965 Most amino acids 950:965 Most amino acids 950:965 Most amino acids and CP increased. 27294945 2 60 theme cerium 271:276 arg1 oxide 278:282 cerium oxide 271:282 cerium oxide (nCeO₂) 271:290 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 60 theme cerium 271:276 arg1 nCeO₂ 285:289 nCeO₂ 285:289 nCeO₂ 285:289 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 11 61 theme 500 1249:1251 arg1 mg 1253:1254 mg 1253:1254 mg 1253:1254 On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. 27294945 2 62 theme kernels 431:437 arg1 parameters 389:398 the nutritional parameters 373:398 the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 373:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 9 63 theme amino 991:995 arg1 acids 997:1001 amino acids 991:1001 amino acids 991:1001 Among amino acids, lysine followed by proline saw the largest increase (51% and 37%, respectively). 27294945 12 64 contain have 1414:1417 arg2 effects 1430:1436 beneficial effects 1419:1436 beneficial effects 1419:1436 Generally, our findings demonstrated that kernels are negatively affected by nCeO₂ while nTiO₂ can potentially have beneficial effects. 27294945 12 64 contain have 1414:1417 arg1 nTiO₂ 1392:1396 nTiO₂ 1392:1396 nTiO₂ 1392:1396 Generally, our findings demonstrated that kernels are negatively affected by nCeO₂ while nTiO₂ can potentially have beneficial effects. 27294945 2 65 theme nutritional 377:387 arg1 parameters 389:398 the nutritional parameters 373:398 the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels 373:437 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 66 from nanoparticles 319:331 arg1 soil 336:339 soil 336:339 soil 336:339 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 67 theme titanium 296:303 arg1 nTiO₂ 312:316 nTiO₂ 312:316 nTiO₂ 312:316 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 2 67 theme titanium 296:303 arg1 oxide 305:309 titanium oxide 296:309 titanium oxide (nTiO₂) 296:317 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. 27294945 1 68 theme many 197:200 arg1 crops 207:211 many food crops 197:211 many food crops 197:211 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. 27294945 3 69 theme amino 479:483 arg1 acid 485:488 amino acid 479:488 amino acid 479:488 Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. 27294945 1 70 theme food 202:205 arg1 crops 207:211 many food crops 197:211 many food crops 197:211 The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. 25912230 5 0 theme 1:2 788:790 arg1 appropriate 805:815 appropriate 805:815 appropriate 805:815 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 5 0 theme 1:2 788:790 arg1 ratio 779:783 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio 758:783 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 758:790 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 0 1 theme thermoresponsive 73:88 arg1 hydrogels 90:98 thermoresponsive hydrogels 73:98 thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes 73:126 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 7 2 theme gelation 1184:1191 arg1 temperature 1193:1203 gelation temperature 1184:1203 gelation temperature 1184:1203 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 0 3 with hydrogels 90:98 arg1 nanocomplexes 114:126 chitosan nanocomplexes 105:126 chitosan nanocomplexes 105:126 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 2 4 theme clinical 344:351 arg1 applications 353:364 long-term clinical applications 334:364 long-term clinical applications 334:364 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 4 5 theme LMWH 549:552 arg1 release 554:560 LMWH release 549:560 LMWH release 549:560 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 0 6 theme chitosan 105:112 arg1 nanocomplexes 114:126 chitosan nanocomplexes 105:126 chitosan nanocomplexes 105:126 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 2 7 dep prophylaxis 372:382 arg1 e.g. 367:370 e.g. 367:370 e.g. 367:370 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 7 8 theme poloxamer-based 1150:1164 arg1 systems 1166:1172 poloxamer-based systems 1150:1172 poloxamer-based systems 1150:1172 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 9 9 theme double-responsive 1567:1583 arg1 platforms 1585:1593 these double-responsive platforms 1561:1593 these double-responsive platforms 1561:1593 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 9 9 theme double-responsive 1567:1583 arg1 candidates 1609:1618 promising candidates 1599:1618 promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1599:1659 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 7 10 dep 25.1°C 1230:1235 arg1 to 1227:1228 to 1227:1228 to 1227:1228 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 1 11 theme past 256:259 arg1 decades 261:267 the past decades 252:267 the past decades 252:267 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 5 12 theme LMWH/chitosan 760:772 arg1 appropriate 805:815 appropriate 805:815 appropriate 805:815 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 5 12 theme LMWH/chitosan 760:772 arg1 ratio 779:783 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio 758:783 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 758:790 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 4 13 theme LMWH/chitosan 715:727 arg1 nanocomplexes 743:755 LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes 715:755 LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes 715:755 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 7 14 theme hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 1118:1145 arg1 addition 1106:1113 the addition 1102:1113 the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems 1102:1172 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 7 15 theme 4 1327:1327 arg1 days 1329:1332 7 and 4 days 1321:1332 days 1329:1332 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 8 16 theme drug 1366:1369 arg1 release 1371:1377 drug release 1366:1377 drug release 1366:1377 Prolongation of drug release was additionally achieved with incorporation of LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes into the gelling systems. 25912230 2 17 theme vein 392:395 arg1 thrombosis 397:406 deep vein thrombosis 387:406 deep vein thrombosis 387:406 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 5 18 theme mass 774:777 arg1 appropriate 805:815 appropriate 805:815 appropriate 805:815 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 5 18 theme mass 774:777 arg1 ratio 779:783 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio 758:783 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 758:790 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 7 19 dep release 1312:1318 arg1 days 1329:1332 7 and 4 days 1321:1332 days 1329:1332 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 2 20 theme deep 387:390 arg1 thrombosis 397:406 deep vein thrombosis 387:406 deep vein thrombosis 387:406 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 0 21 theme subcutaneous 10:21 arg1 delivery 23:30 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery 0:30 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 0:182 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 8 22 theme nanocomplexes 1441:1453 arg1 incorporation 1410:1422 incorporation 1410:1422 incorporation of LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes into the gelling systems 1410:1478 Prolongation of drug release was additionally achieved with incorporation of LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes into the gelling systems. 25912230 1 23 theme Low 184:186 arg1 heparins 205:212 Low molecular weight heparins 184:212 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 184:220 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 1 23 theme Low 184:186 arg1 LMWHs 215:219 LMWHs 215:219 LMWHs 215:219 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 0 24 theme Prolonged 0:8 arg1 delivery 23:30 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery 0:30 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 0:182 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 4 25 theme pH-responsive 729:741 arg1 nanocomplexes 743:755 LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes 715:755 LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes 715:755 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 2 26 theme pharmacokinetic 297:311 arg1 profile 313:319 their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile 279:319 their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile 279:319 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 1 27 theme molecular 188:196 arg1 heparins 205:212 Low molecular weight heparins 184:212 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 184:220 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 1 27 theme molecular 188:196 arg1 LMWHs 215:219 LMWHs 215:219 LMWHs 215:219 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 5 28 theme small 836:840 arg1 nanocomplexes 865:877 small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 836:877 small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 836:877 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 2 29 theme appropriate 285:295 arg1 profile 313:319 their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile 279:319 their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile 279:319 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 1 30 theme weight 198:203 arg1 heparins 205:212 Low molecular weight heparins 184:212 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 184:220 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 1 30 theme weight 198:203 arg1 LMWHs 215:219 LMWHs 215:219 LMWHs 215:219 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have risen in popularity over the past decades. 25912230 8 31 theme release 1371:1377 arg1 Prolongation 1350:1361 Prolongation 1350:1361 Prolongation of drug release 1350:1377 Prolongation of drug release was additionally achieved with incorporation of LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes into the gelling systems. 25912230 6 32 theme LMWH 990:993 arg1 release 995:1001 LMWH release 990:1001 LMWH release 990:1001 Thermoresponsive hydrogels were examined by gelation temperature and time, thermal analysis, gel dissolution, LMWH release, and cytotoxicity in vitro. 25912230 9 33 theme subcutaneous 1634:1645 arg1 delivery 1652:1659 prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1624:1659 prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1624:1659 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 4 34 theme subcutaneous 594:605 arg1 administration 607:620 less frequent subcutaneous administration 580:620 less frequent subcutaneous administration 580:620 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 0 35 theme molecular 39:47 arg1 heparin 56:62 low molecular weight heparin 35:62 low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes 35:126 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 7 36 theme 7 1321:1321 arg1 days 1329:1332 7 and 4 days 1321:1332 days 1329:1332 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 7 37 theme gel 1081:1083 arg1 composition 1085:1095 gel composition 1081:1095 gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively) 1081:1347 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 9 38 theme LMWH 1647:1650 arg1 delivery 1652:1659 prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1624:1659 prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1624:1659 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 5 39 theme stable 858:863 arg1 nanocomplexes 865:877 small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 836:877 small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 836:877 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 0 40 theme low 35:37 arg1 heparin 56:62 low molecular weight heparin 35:62 low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes 35:126 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 0 41 theme in 137:138 arg1 evaluation 146:155 in vitro evaluation 137:155 in vitro evaluation 137:155 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 6 42 theme Thermoresponsive 880:895 arg1 hydrogels 897:905 Thermoresponsive hydrogels 880:905 Thermoresponsive hydrogels 880:905 Thermoresponsive hydrogels were examined by gelation temperature and time, thermal analysis, gel dissolution, LMWH release, and cytotoxicity in vitro. 25912230 7 43 dep decreased 1174:1182 arg1 50s 1246:1248 50s 1246:1248 50s 1246:1248 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 7 43 dep decreased 1174:1182 arg1 25.1°C 1230:1235 25.1°C 1230:1235 25.1°C 1230:1235 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 2 44 theme thrombosis 397:406 arg1 prophylaxis 372:382 prophylaxis 372:382 prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis 372:406 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 0 45 theme heparin 56:62 arg1 delivery 23:30 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery 0:30 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 0:182 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 6 46 theme gel 973:975 arg1 dissolution 977:987 gel dissolution 973:987 gel dissolution 973:987 Thermoresponsive hydrogels were examined by gelation temperature and time, thermal analysis, gel dissolution, LMWH release, and cytotoxicity in vitro. 25912230 3 47 theme LMWHs 440:444 arg1 administration 422:435 the administration 418:435 the administration of LMWHs 418:444 Although the administration of LMWHs is not as frequent as of heparin, it still requires once daily injection at least. 25912230 8 48 theme LMWH/chitosan 1427:1439 arg1 nanocomplexes 1441:1453 LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes 1427:1453 LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes 1427:1453 Prolongation of drug release was additionally achieved with incorporation of LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes into the gelling systems. 25912230 2 49 theme long-term 334:342 arg1 applications 353:364 long-term clinical applications 334:364 long-term clinical applications 334:364 Owing to their appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, they enable long-term clinical applications, e.g. prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 25912230 0 50 theme weight 49:54 arg1 heparin 56:62 low molecular weight heparin 35:62 low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes 35:126 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 9 51 theme long-term 1668:1676 arg1 treatment 1678:1686 long-term treatment 1668:1686 long-term treatment 1668:1686 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 7 52 theme LMWH 1307:1310 arg1 release 1312:1318 LMWH release 1307:1318 LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively) 1307:1347 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 7 53 theme gel 1287:1289 arg1 dissolution 1291:1301 gel dissolution 1287:1301 gel dissolution 1287:1301 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 0 54 theme cytotoxicity 162:173 arg1 studies 175:181 cytotoxicity studies 162:181 cytotoxicity studies 162:181 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 4 55 theme thermoresponsive 660:675 arg1 systems 693:699 thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems 660:699 thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes 660:755 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 9 56 theme prolonged 1624:1632 arg1 delivery 1652:1659 prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1624:1659 prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1624:1659 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 9 57 theme promising 1599:1607 arg1 platforms 1585:1593 these double-responsive platforms 1561:1593 these double-responsive platforms 1561:1593 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 9 57 theme promising 1599:1607 arg1 candidates 1609:1618 promising candidates 1599:1618 promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery 1599:1659 As formulations demonstrated no cytotoxicity in vitro, it may be concluded that these double-responsive platforms are promising candidates for prolonged subcutaneous LMWH delivery during long-term treatment. 25912230 0 58 dep delivery 23:30 arg1 Design 129:134 Design 129:134 Design 129:134 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 0 58 dep delivery 23:30 arg1 studies 175:181 cytotoxicity studies 162:181 cytotoxicity studies 162:181 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 0 58 dep delivery 23:30 arg1 evaluation 146:155 in vitro evaluation 137:155 in vitro evaluation 137:155 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 3 59 theme daily 503:507 arg1 injection 509:517 once daily injection 498:517 once daily injection 498:517 Although the administration of LMWHs is not as frequent as of heparin, it still requires once daily injection at least. 25912230 5 60 theme nanocomplexes 865:877 arg1 preparation 821:831 preparation 821:831 preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 821:877 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 8 61 theme gelling 1464:1470 arg1 systems 1472:1478 the gelling systems 1460:1478 the gelling systems 1460:1478 Prolongation of drug release was additionally achieved with incorporation of LMWH/chitosan nanocomplexes into the gelling systems. 25912230 5 62 theme homogenous 843:852 arg1 nanocomplexes 865:877 small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 836:877 small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes 836:877 A LMWH/chitosan mass ratio of 1:2 was the most appropriate for preparation of small, homogenous and stable nanocomplexes. 25912230 4 63 theme poloxamer-based 677:691 arg1 systems 693:699 thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems 660:699 thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes 660:755 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 3 64 theme heparin 471:477 arg1 frequent 456:463 frequent 456:463 frequent 456:463 Although the administration of LMWHs is not as frequent as of heparin, it still requires once daily injection at least. 25912230 4 65 theme frequent 585:592 arg1 administration 607:620 less frequent subcutaneous administration 580:620 less frequent subcutaneous administration 580:620 In order to prolong LMWH release, and thus provide less frequent subcutaneous administration, we designed and thoroughly evaluated thermoresponsive poloxamer-based systems combined with LMWH/chitosan pH-responsive nanocomplexes. 25912230 7 66 dep composition 1085:1095 arg1 prolonged 1277:1285 prolonged 1277:1285 prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively) 1277:1347 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 7 66 dep composition 1085:1095 arg1 decreased 1174:1182 decreased 1174:1182 decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively) 1174:1270 Hydrogels' behaviour was significantly shifted by gel composition e.g. the addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to poloxamer-based systems decreased gelation temperature and time (from 28.6°C to 25.1°C and from 50s to 44s, respectively), but prolonged gel dissolution and LMWH release (7 and 4 days, respectively). 25912230 6 67 theme thermal 955:961 arg1 analysis 963:970 thermal analysis 955:970 thermal analysis 955:970 Thermoresponsive hydrogels were examined by gelation temperature and time, thermal analysis, gel dissolution, LMWH release, and cytotoxicity in vitro. 25912230 0 68 dep in 137:138 arg1 vitro 140:144 vitro 140:144 vitro 140:144 Prolonged subcutaneous delivery of low molecular weight heparin based on thermoresponsive hydrogels with chitosan nanocomplexes: Design, in vitro evaluation, and cytotoxicity studies. 25912230 6 69 dep gelation 924:931 arg1 temperature 933:943 temperature 933:943 temperature 933:943 Thermoresponsive hydrogels were examined by gelation temperature and time, thermal analysis, gel dissolution, LMWH release, and cytotoxicity in vitro. 27266202 5 0 dep groups 606:611 arg1 groups 606:611 groups a, b, c, and d 606:626 groups a, b, c, and d 606:626 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 5 0 dep groups 606:611 arg1 a 613:613 a 613:613 a 613:613 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 5 0 dep groups 606:611 arg1 c 619:619 c 619:619 c 619:619 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 5 0 dep groups 606:611 arg1 d 626:626 d 626:626 d 626:626 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 5 0 dep groups 606:611 arg1 b 616:616 b 616:616 b 616:616 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 8 1 theme composite 1002:1010 arg1 scaffold 1012:1019 the composite scaffold 998:1019 the composite scaffold 998:1019 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 5 2 theme % 582:582 arg1 ratios 560:565 quality ratios 552:565 quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% 552:591 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 8 3 theme electron 966:973 arg1 microscopy 975:984 Scanning electron microscopy 957:984 Scanning electron microscopy 957:984 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 1 4 dep OBJECTIVE 94:102 arg1 aims 115:118 aims 115:118 aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar 115:302 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 8 5 theme Scanning 957:964 arg1 microscopy 975:984 Scanning electron microscopy 957:984 Scanning electron microscopy 957:984 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 7 6 dep RESULTS 783:789 arg1 scaffold 795:802 The scaffold 791:802 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts 783:843 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 7 7 theme lower 833:837 arg1 parts 839:843 both upper and lower parts 818:843 both upper and lower parts 818:843 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 6 8 theme infrared 681:688 arg1 spectra 690:696 infrared spectra 681:696 infrared spectra 681:696 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 5 9 theme % 572:572 arg1 ratios 560:565 quality ratios 552:565 quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% 552:591 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 2 10 theme mandibular 333:342 arg1 condyle 344:350 the mandibular condyle 329:350 the mandibular condyle 329:350 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. 27266202 11 11 theme Suitable 1273:1280 arg1 strength 1319:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 8 12 theme spatial 1038:1044 arg1 structure 1046:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 8 13 theme 3D 1027:1028 arg1 structure 1046:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 6 14 theme scaffold 759:766 arg1 morphology 659:668 The microscopic morphology 643:668 The microscopic morphology 643:668 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 6 14 theme scaffold 759:766 arg1 pattern 717:723 X-ray diffraction pattern 699:723 X-ray diffraction pattern 699:723 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 6 14 theme scaffold 759:766 arg1 properties 741:750 mechanical properties 730:750 mechanical properties of the scaffold 730:766 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 6 14 theme scaffold 759:766 arg1 porosity 671:678 porosity 671:678 porosity 671:678 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 6 14 theme scaffold 759:766 arg1 spectra 690:696 infrared spectra 681:696 infrared spectra 681:696 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 7 15 theme mandibular 937:946 arg1 condyle 948:954 the mandibular condyle 933:954 the mandibular condyle 933:954 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 7 15 theme mandibular 937:946 arg1 features 864:871 the same features 855:871 the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) 855:928 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 11 16 theme 50 1363:1364 arg1 % 1365:1365 % 1365:1365 % 1365:1365 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 8 17 theme 10-200 1079:1084 arg1 µm 1086:1087 µm 1086:1087 µm 1086:1087 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 2 18 theme rapid 374:378 arg1 techniques 392:401 rapid prototyping techniques 374:401 rapid prototyping techniques 374:401 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. 27266202 8 19 theme -85 1060:1062 arg1 % 1063:1063 % 1063:1063 % 1063:1063 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 5 20 theme % 577:577 arg1 ratios 560:565 quality ratios 552:565 quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% 552:591 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 10 21 theme HA 1261:1262 arg1 content 1264:1270 HA content 1261:1270 HA content 1261:1270 X-ray diffraction showed that the diffraction peak decreased with increasing HA content. 27266202 1 22 theme UNLABELLED 83:92 arg1 OBJECTIVE 94:102 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE 83:102 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 83:303 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 3 23 theme biomimetic 437:446 arg1 model 457:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 7 24 theme upper 823:827 arg1 parts 839:843 both upper and lower parts 818:843 both upper and lower parts 818:843 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 12 25 theme comprehensive 1448:1460 arg1 features 1462:1469 favorable comprehensive features 1438:1469 favorable comprehensive features 1438:1469 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27266202 7 26 dep shape 880:884 arg1 i.e. 874:877 i.e. 874:877 i.e. 874:877 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 3 27 theme mandibular 406:415 arg1 model 457:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 8 28 theme network 1030:1036 arg1 structure 1046:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 12 29 theme favorable 1438:1446 arg1 features 1462:1469 favorable comprehensive features 1438:1469 favorable comprehensive features 1438:1469 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27266202 5 30 theme quality 552:558 arg1 ratios 560:565 quality ratios 552:565 quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% 552:591 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 3 31 theme condylar 417:424 arg1 model 457:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 1 32 theme tissue 260:265 arg1 applications 279:290 the tissue engineering applications 256:290 the tissue engineering applications of condylar 256:302 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 11 33 theme HA 1367:1368 arg1 presence 1351:1358 the presence 1347:1358 the presence of 50% HA 1347:1368 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 8 34 theme % 1059:1059 arg1 porosity 1065:1072 70%-85% porosity 1057:1072 70%-85% porosity 1057:1072 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 11 35 theme flexural 1310:1317 arg1 strength 1319:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 8 36 theme pore 1089:1092 arg1 size 1094:1097 10-200 µm pore size 1079:1097 10-200 µm pore size 1079:1097 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 6 37 theme microscopic 647:657 arg1 morphology 659:668 The microscopic morphology 643:668 The microscopic morphology 643:668 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 1 38 theme engineering 267:277 arg1 applications 279:290 the tissue engineering applications 256:290 the tissue engineering applications of condylar 256:302 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 12 39 dep CONCLUSION 1371:1380 arg1 shows 1432:1436 shows 1432:1436 shows favorable comprehensive features 1432:1469 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27266202 12 39 dep CONCLUSION 1371:1380 arg1 expected 1478:1485 expected 1478:1485 is expected to replace human condylar 1475:1511 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27266202 8 40 theme µm 1086:1087 arg1 size 1094:1097 10-200 µm pore size 1079:1097 10-200 µm pore size 1079:1097 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 0 41 theme bionic 45:50 arg1 scaffold 72:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 [Synthesis and characteristics of integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold]. 27266202 4 42 theme 4:1 541:543 arg1 ratio 532:536 a ratio 530:536 a ratio of 4:1 530:543 PCL and CS were mixed at a ratio of 4:1. 27266202 9 43 theme peak 1133:1136 arg1 intensity 1138:1146 the peak intensity 1129:1146 the peak intensity 1129:1146 Infrared spectra showed that the peak intensity reduced with decreasing HA content. 27266202 6 44 theme mechanical 730:739 arg1 properties 741:750 mechanical properties 730:750 mechanical properties of the scaffold 730:766 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 11 45 theme compressive 1294:1304 arg1 strength 1319:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 3 46 theme scaffold 448:455 arg1 model 457:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 0 47 theme integrated 34:43 arg1 scaffold 72:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 [Synthesis and characteristics of integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold]. 27266202 12 48 theme casting-ice 1416:1426 arg1 Lek 1428:1430 solution casting-ice Lek 1407:1430 solution casting-ice Lek 1407:1430 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27266202 7 49 theme hard 916:919 arg1 texture 921:927 hard texture 916:927 hard texture 916:927 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 11 50 theme tensile 1282:1288 arg1 strength 1319:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength 1273:1326 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 12 51 theme human 1498:1502 arg1 condylar 1504:1511 human condylar 1498:1511 human condylar 1498:1511 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27266202 1 52 theme composite 192:200 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold 133:220 a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle 133:239 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 0 53 theme condylar 63:70 arg1 scaffold 72:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 [Synthesis and characteristics of integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold]. 27266202 1 54 theme condylar 295:302 arg1 applications 279:290 the tissue engineering applications 256:290 the tissue engineering applications of condylar 256:302 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 5 55 theme % 591:591 arg1 ratios 560:565 quality ratios 552:565 quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% 552:591 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 3 56 theme integrated 426:435 arg1 model 457:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model 404:461 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 3 57 theme casting-ice 488:498 arg1 Lek 500:502 solution casting-ice Lek 479:502 solution casting-ice Lek 479:502 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 0 58 theme mandibular 52:61 arg1 scaffold 72:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold 34:79 [Synthesis and characteristics of integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold]. 27266202 10 59 theme diffraction 1218:1228 arg1 peak 1230:1233 the diffraction peak 1214:1233 the diffraction peak 1214:1233 X-ray diffraction showed that the diffraction peak decreased with increasing HA content. 27266202 8 60 theme 70 1057:1058 arg1 % 1059:1059 % 1059:1059 % 1059:1059 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 5 61 from ratios 560:565 arg1 HA 546:547 HA 546:547 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% 546:591 HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. 27266202 6 62 theme diffraction 705:715 arg1 pattern 717:723 X-ray diffraction pattern 699:723 X-ray diffraction pattern 699:723 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 11 63 theme % 1365:1365 arg1 HA 1367:1368 50% HA 1363:1368 50% HA 1363:1368 Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA. 27266202 9 64 theme HA 1172:1173 arg1 content 1175:1181 HA content 1172:1181 HA content 1172:1181 Infrared spectra showed that the peak intensity reduced with decreasing HA content. 27266202 2 65 theme resin 315:319 arg1 mold 321:324 A resin mold 313:324 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle 305:350 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. 27266202 10 66 theme X-ray 1184:1188 arg1 diffraction 1190:1200 X-ray diffraction 1184:1200 X-ray diffraction 1184:1200 X-ray diffraction showed that the diffraction peak decreased with increasing HA content. 27266202 1 67 theme biomimetic 202:211 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold 133:220 a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle 133:239 UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar. 27266202 7 68 theme yellow-white 887:898 arg1 appearance 900:909 yellow-white appearance 887:909 yellow-white appearance 887:909 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 6 69 theme X-ray 699:703 arg1 pattern 717:723 X-ray diffraction pattern 699:723 X-ray diffraction pattern 699:723 The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed. 27266202 7 70 theme same 859:862 arg1 features 864:871 the same features 855:871 the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) 855:928 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 7 70 theme same 859:862 arg1 condyle 948:954 the mandibular condyle 933:954 the mandibular condyle 933:954 RESULTS The scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. 27266202 3 71 theme solution 479:486 arg1 Lek 500:502 solution casting-ice Lek 479:502 solution casting-ice Lek 479:502 A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. 27266202 8 72 theme % 1063:1063 arg1 porosity 1065:1072 70%-85% porosity 1057:1072 70%-85% porosity 1057:1072 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 2 73 dep METHODS 305:311 arg1 mold 321:324 A resin mold 313:324 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle 305:350 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. 27266202 2 74 theme prototyping 380:390 arg1 techniques 392:401 rapid prototyping techniques 374:401 rapid prototyping techniques 374:401 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. 27266202 0 75 theme scaffold 72:79 arg1 characteristics 15:29 characteristics 15:29 characteristics 15:29 [Synthesis and characteristics of integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold]. 27266202 0 75 theme scaffold 72:79 arg1 [Synthesis 0:9 [Synthesis 0:9 [Synthesis 0:9 [Synthesis and characteristics of integrated bionic mandibular condylar scaffold]. 27266202 9 76 theme Infrared 1100:1107 arg1 spectra 1109:1115 Infrared spectra 1100:1115 Infrared spectra 1100:1115 Infrared spectra showed that the peak intensity reduced with decreasing HA content. 27266202 8 77 contain had 1021:1023 arg2 porosity 1065:1072 70%-85% porosity 1057:1072 70%-85% porosity 1057:1072 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 8 77 contain had 1021:1023 arg2 size 1094:1097 10-200 µm pore size 1079:1097 10-200 µm pore size 1079:1097 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 8 77 contain had 1021:1023 arg1 scaffold 1012:1019 the composite scaffold 998:1019 the composite scaffold 998:1019 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 8 77 contain had 1021:1023 arg2 structure 1046:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 a 3D network spatial structure 1025:1054 Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. 27266202 2 78 theme condyle 344:350 arg1 mold 321:324 A resin mold 313:324 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle 305:350 METHODS A resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. 27266202 12 79 theme solution 1407:1414 arg1 Lek 1428:1430 solution casting-ice Lek 1407:1430 solution casting-ice Lek 1407:1430 CONCLUSION The scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar. 27388048 5 0 from polarpart 1023:1031 arg1 matrix 1072:1077 the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix 1036:1077 the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure 1036:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 7 1 theme osteoblasts 1511:1521 arg1 culture 1488:1494 a higher density culture 1471:1494 a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface 1471:1536 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 2 2 theme osteoblast 637:646 arg1 adhesion 648:655 osteoblast adhesion 637:655 osteoblast adhesion 637:655 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 6 3 theme NH 1251:1252 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 3 theme NH 1251:1252 arg1 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 3 theme NH 1251:1252 arg1 group 1254:1258 the NH group 1247:1258 the NH group of chitosan 1247:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 3 4 theme protein 744:750 arg1 solutions 752:760 different protein solutions 734:760 different protein solutions 734:760 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 1 5 theme material 188:195 arg1 surface 197:203 the material surface 184:203 the material surface 184:203 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 4 6 theme surface 902:908 arg1 energy 910:915 surface energy 902:915 surface energy 902:915 Moreover, surface chemical composition, wettability and surface energy of biomaterials were compared. 27388048 7 7 theme density 1480:1486 arg1 culture 1488:1494 a higher density culture 1471:1494 a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface 1471:1536 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 8 8 theme osteoblast 1829:1838 arg1 adhesion 1840:1847 osteoblast adhesion 1829:1847 osteoblast adhesion 1829:1847 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 6 9 theme chemical 1218:1225 arg1 interaction 1227:1237 chemical interaction 1218:1237 chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan 1218:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 3 10 theme protein 771:777 arg1 adsorption 779:788 protein adsorption 771:788 protein adsorption 771:788 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 0 11 theme serum 128:132 arg1 adsorption 142:151 serum protein adsorption 128:151 serum protein adsorption 128:151 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 2 12 theme protein 551:557 arg1 adsorption 559:568 serum protein adsorption 545:568 serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) 545:608 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 8 13 theme various 1788:1794 arg1 biomaterials 1796:1807 various biomaterials 1788:1807 various biomaterials 1788:1807 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 0 14 theme adsorption 142:151 arg1 promotion 115:123 promotion 115:123 promotion of serum protein adsorption 115:151 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 7 15 theme chit/HA 1443:1449 arg1 material 1451:1458 the chit/HA material 1439:1458 the chit/HA material 1439:1458 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 5 16 theme chitosan 968:975 arg1 matrix 977:982 the chitosan matrix 964:982 the chitosan matrix 964:982 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 2 17 theme resultant 577:585 arg1 chit/glu/HA 597:607 chit/glu/HA 597:607 chit/glu/HA 597:607 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 2 17 theme resultant 577:585 arg1 scaffold 587:594 the resultant scaffold 573:594 the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) 573:608 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 6 18 theme OH 1280:1281 arg1 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 18 theme OH 1280:1281 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 18 theme OH 1280:1281 arg1 group 1283:1287 the OH group 1276:1287 the OH group of β-1,3-glucan 1276:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 5 19 theme curdlan 1131:1137 arg1 structure 1139:1147 the curdlan structure 1127:1147 the curdlan structure 1127:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 1 20 theme protein 162:168 arg1 adsorption 170:179 Initial protein adsorption 154:179 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface 154:203 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 3 21 from behavior 805:812 arg1 scaffolds 821:829 the scaffolds 817:829 the scaffolds 817:829 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 8 22 theme chit/glu/HA 1582:1592 arg1 only 1574:1577 only 1574:1577 only 1574:1577 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 22 theme chit/glu/HA 1582:1592 arg1 scaffold 1618:1625 chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold 1582:1625 chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications 1582:1666 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 2 23 theme spreading 658:666 arg1 enhancement 622:632 enhancement 622:632 enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation 622:684 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 2 24 theme adhesion 648:655 arg1 enhancement 622:632 enhancement 622:632 enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation 622:684 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 5 25 theme resultant 1040:1048 arg1 matrix 1072:1077 the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix 1036:1077 the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure 1036:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 2 26 theme tissue 456:461 arg1 applications 475:486 bone tissue engineering applications 451:486 bone tissue engineering applications 451:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 2 27 theme chitosan 382:389 arg1 matrix 391:396 a chitosan matrix 380:396 a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications 380:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 0 28 theme Hybrid 0:5 arg1 matrix 29:34 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix 0:34 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold 0:51 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 1 29 theme intensive 288:296 arg1 formation 307:315 intensive new bone formation 288:315 intensive new bone formation 288:315 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 8 30 theme bone 1631:1634 arg1 applications 1655:1666 bone tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 bone tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 2 31 theme proliferation 672:684 arg1 enhancement 622:632 enhancement 622:632 enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation 622:684 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 1 32 theme bone 302:305 arg1 formation 307:315 intensive new bone formation 288:315 intensive new bone formation 288:315 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 5 33 theme greater 1015:1021 arg1 polarpart 1023:1031 a greater polarpart 1013:1031 a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure 1013:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 2 34 theme linear 493:498 arg1 curdlan 514:520 curdlan 514:520 curdlan 514:520 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 2 34 theme linear 493:498 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 500:511 linear β-1,3-glucan 493:511 linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) 493:521 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 8 35 theme engineering 1643:1653 arg1 applications 1655:1666 bone tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 bone tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 4 36 theme surface 856:862 arg1 composition 873:883 surface chemical composition 856:883 surface chemical composition 856:883 Moreover, surface chemical composition, wettability and surface energy of biomaterials were compared. 27388048 0 37 theme bone 39:42 arg1 scaffold 44:51 bone scaffold 39:51 bone scaffold 39:51 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 5 38 theme more 1105:1108 arg1 groups 1113:1118 more OH groups 1105:1118 more OH groups within the curdlan structure 1105:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 7 39 theme more 1371:1374 arg1 consequence 1311:1321 a consequence 1309:1321 a consequence 1309:1321 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 7 39 theme more 1371:1374 arg1 proteins 1385:1392 significantly more adhesion proteins 1357:1392 significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts 1357:1425 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 2 40 theme study 334:338 arg1 aim 322:324 The aim 318:324 The aim of this study 318:338 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 7 41 theme chit/glu/HA 1328:1338 arg1 scaffold 1340:1347 the chit/glu/HA scaffold 1324:1347 the chit/glu/HA scaffold 1324:1347 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 8 42 theme polysaccharide 1686:1699 arg1 matrix 1710:1715 the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself 1673:1722 the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself 1673:1722 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 42 theme polysaccharide 1686:1699 arg1 promising 1727:1735 promising 1727:1735 promising 1727:1735 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 43 theme biomedical 1752:1761 arg1 field 1772:1776 the biomedical material field 1748:1776 the biomedical material field 1748:1776 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 3 44 theme different 734:742 arg1 solutions 752:760 different protein solutions 734:760 different protein solutions 734:760 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 1 45 theme rapid 255:259 arg1 proliferation 261:273 rapid proliferation 255:273 rapid proliferation 255:273 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 5 46 with Modification 948:959 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 989:1000 β-1,3-glucan 989:1000 β-1,3-glucan 989:1000 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 4 47 theme biomaterials 920:931 arg1 wettability 886:896 wettability 886:896 wettability 886:896 Moreover, surface chemical composition, wettability and surface energy of biomaterials were compared. 27388048 4 47 theme biomaterials 920:931 arg1 energy 910:915 surface energy 902:915 surface energy 902:915 Moreover, surface chemical composition, wettability and surface energy of biomaterials were compared. 27388048 4 47 theme biomaterials 920:931 arg1 composition 873:883 surface chemical composition 856:883 surface chemical composition 856:883 Moreover, surface chemical composition, wettability and surface energy of biomaterials were compared. 27388048 7 48 theme well-spread 1499:1509 arg1 osteoblasts 1511:1521 well-spread osteoblasts 1499:1521 well-spread osteoblasts 1499:1521 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 6 49 theme interaction 1227:1237 arg1 sort 1210:1213 some sort 1205:1213 some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan 1205:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 8 50 from proliferation 1853:1865 arg1 surfaces 1876:1883 their surfaces 1870:1883 their surfaces 1870:1883 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 3 51 theme osteoblast 794:803 arg1 behavior 805:812 osteoblast behavior 794:812 osteoblast behavior 794:812 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 0 52 theme protein 134:140 arg1 adsorption 142:151 serum protein adsorption 128:151 serum protein adsorption 128:151 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 2 53 theme adsorption 559:568 arg1 promotion 532:540 promotion 532:540 promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) 532:608 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 7 54 theme higher 1473:1478 arg1 culture 1488:1494 a higher density culture 1471:1494 a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface 1471:1536 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 1 55 theme osteoblast 220:229 arg1 adhesion 231:238 osteoblast adhesion 220:238 osteoblast adhesion 220:238 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 2 56 theme serum 545:549 arg1 adsorption 559:568 serum protein adsorption 545:568 serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) 545:608 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 8 57 theme Obtained 1539:1546 arg1 results 1548:1554 Obtained results 1539:1554 Obtained results 1539:1554 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 6 58 theme β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 58 theme β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 arg1 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 58 theme β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 arg1 group 1254:1258 the NH group 1247:1258 the NH group of chitosan 1247:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 58 theme β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 arg1 group 1283:1287 the OH group 1276:1287 the OH group of β-1,3-glucan 1276:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 8 59 from use 1741:1743 arg1 field 1772:1776 the biomedical material field 1748:1776 the biomedical material field 1748:1776 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 5 60 theme matrix 977:982 arg1 Modification 948:959 Modification 948:959 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan 948:1000 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 1 61 theme Initial 154:160 arg1 adsorption 170:179 Initial protein adsorption 154:179 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface 154:203 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 7 62 from culture 1488:1494 arg1 surface 1530:1536 its surface 1526:1536 its surface 1526:1536 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 6 63 theme chitosan 1263:1270 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 β-1,3-glucan 1292:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 63 theme chitosan 1263:1270 arg1 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 chitosan 1263:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 63 theme chitosan 1263:1270 arg1 group 1254:1258 the NH group 1247:1258 the NH group of chitosan 1247:1270 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 6 63 theme chitosan 1263:1270 arg1 group 1283:1287 the OH group 1276:1287 the OH group of β-1,3-glucan 1276:1303 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 8 64 theme biomaterial 1594:1604 arg1 only 1574:1577 only 1574:1577 only 1574:1577 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 64 theme biomaterial 1594:1604 arg1 scaffold 1618:1625 chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold 1582:1625 chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications 1582:1666 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 65 theme promising 1608:1616 arg1 only 1574:1577 only 1574:1577 only 1574:1577 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 65 theme promising 1608:1616 arg1 scaffold 1618:1625 chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold 1582:1625 chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications 1582:1666 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 6 66 theme FTIR-ATR 1160:1167 arg1 results 1169:1175 FTIR-ATR results 1160:1175 FTIR-ATR results 1160:1175 Moreover, FTIR-ATR results suggest that there might be some sort of chemical interaction between the NH group of chitosan and the OH group of β-1,3-glucan. 27388048 3 67 from adsorption 779:788 arg1 scaffolds 821:829 the scaffolds 817:829 the scaffolds 817:829 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 2 68 theme matrix 391:396 arg1 modification 364:375 modification 364:375 modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) 364:521 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 0 69 theme chitosan/β-1,3-glucan 7:27 arg1 matrix 29:34 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix 0:34 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold 0:51 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 2 70 theme bone 451:454 arg1 applications 475:486 bone tissue engineering applications 451:486 bone tissue engineering applications 451:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 8 71 theme tissue 1636:1641 arg1 applications 1655:1666 bone tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 bone tissue engineering applications 1631:1666 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 1 72 theme new 298:300 arg1 formation 307:315 intensive new bone formation 288:315 intensive new bone formation 288:315 Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. 27388048 7 73 theme adhesion 1376:1383 arg1 consequence 1311:1321 a consequence 1309:1321 a consequence 1309:1321 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 7 73 theme adhesion 1376:1383 arg1 proteins 1385:1392 significantly more adhesion proteins 1357:1392 significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts 1357:1425 As a consequence, the chit/glu/HA scaffold adsorbs significantly more adhesion proteins that are crucial for osteoblasts compared to the chit/HA material, providing a higher density culture of well-spread osteoblasts on its surface. 27388048 2 74 theme biomaterial 435:445 arg1 matrix 391:396 a chitosan matrix 380:396 a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications 380:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 2 75 theme chit/HA 426:432 arg1 biomaterial 435:445 chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial 401:445 chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications 401:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 0 76 theme scaffold 44:51 arg1 matrix 29:34 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix 0:34 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold 0:51 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 2 77 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 401:423 arg1 biomaterial 435:445 chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial 401:445 chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications 401:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 0 78 theme osteoblast 62:71 arg1 adhesion 73:80 osteoblast adhesion 62:80 osteoblast adhesion 62:80 Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption. 27388048 5 79 theme OH 1110:1111 arg1 groups 1113:1118 more OH groups 1105:1118 more OH groups within the curdlan structure 1105:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 2 80 theme engineering 463:473 arg1 applications 475:486 bone tissue engineering applications 451:486 bone tissue engineering applications 451:486 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 8 81 theme specific 1677:1684 arg1 matrix 1710:1715 the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself 1673:1722 the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself 1673:1722 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 81 theme specific 1677:1684 arg1 promising 1727:1735 promising 1727:1735 promising 1727:1735 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 3 82 theme Fabricated 687:696 arg1 biomaterials 698:709 Fabricated biomaterials 687:709 Fabricated biomaterials 687:709 Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared. 27388048 4 83 theme chemical 864:871 arg1 composition 873:883 surface chemical composition 856:883 surface chemical composition 856:883 Moreover, surface chemical composition, wettability and surface energy of biomaterials were compared. 27388048 5 84 theme chitosan/β-1,3-glucan 1050:1070 arg1 matrix 1072:1077 the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix 1036:1077 the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure 1036:1147 Modification of the chitosan matrix with β-1,3-glucan introduces a greater polarpart in the resultant chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix presumably resulting from more OH groups within the curdlan structure. 27388048 8 85 theme chit/glu 1701:1708 arg1 matrix 1710:1715 the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself 1673:1722 the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself 1673:1722 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 85 theme chit/glu 1701:1708 arg1 promising 1727:1735 promising 1727:1735 promising 1727:1735 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 86 from adhesion 1840:1847 arg1 surfaces 1876:1883 their surfaces 1870:1883 their surfaces 1870:1883 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 8 87 theme material 1763:1770 arg1 field 1772:1776 the biomedical material field 1748:1776 the biomedical material field 1748:1776 Obtained results revealed that not only is chit/glu/HA biomaterial a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, but the specific polysaccharide chit/glu matrix itself is promising for use in the biomedical material field to modify various biomaterials in order to enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on their surfaces. 27388048 2 88 with modification 364:375 arg1 curdlan 514:520 curdlan 514:520 curdlan 514:520 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27388048 2 88 with modification 364:375 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 500:511 linear β-1,3-glucan 493:511 linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) 493:521 The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 27567962 7 0 theme phosphate 1520:1528 arg1 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 7 0 theme phosphate 1520:1528 arg1 phase 1530:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase 1489:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP) 1489:1540 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 6 1 theme hydrogel 1323:1330 arg1 process 1347:1353 the hydrogel mineralization process 1319:1353 the hydrogel mineralization process 1319:1353 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 7 2 theme amorphous 1502:1510 arg1 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 7 2 theme amorphous 1502:1510 arg1 phase 1530:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase 1489:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP) 1489:1540 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 11 3 theme complex 2168:2174 arg1 process 2176:2182 a complex process 2166:2182 a complex process 2166:2182 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 3 theme complex 2168:2174 arg1 STATEMENT 2071:2079 STATEMENT 2071:2079 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) 2071:2161 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 6 4 theme phosphate 1236:1244 arg1 morphology 1192:1201 morphology 1192:1201 morphology 1192:1201 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 6 4 theme phosphate 1236:1244 arg1 phase 1215:1219 crystal phase 1207:1219 crystal phase 1207:1219 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 6 4 theme phosphate 1236:1244 arg1 distribution 1178:1189 the spatial distribution 1166:1189 the spatial distribution 1166:1189 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 8 5 theme brushite 1664:1671 arg1 crystals 1678:1685 brushite seed crystals 1664:1685 brushite seed crystals 1664:1685 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 11 6 theme SIGNIFICANCE 2084:2095 arg1 STATEMENT 2071:2079 STATEMENT 2071:2079 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) 2071:2161 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 6 theme SIGNIFICANCE 2084:2095 arg1 process 2176:2182 a complex process 2166:2182 a complex process 2166:2182 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 1 7 theme bone 291:294 arg1 engineering 303:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 10 8 theme processes 1988:1996 arg1 observation 1958:1968 non-destructive, in situ observation 1933:1968 non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation 1933:2068 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 6 9 theme mineral 1297:1303 arg1 phases 1305:1310 the mineral phases 1293:1310 the mineral phases 1293:1310 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 13 10 dep formation 2615:2623 arg1 the 2603:2605 the 2603:2605 the 2603:2605 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 1 11 theme inorganic 188:196 arg1 components 198:207 hard inorganic components 183:207 hard inorganic components 183:207 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 13 12 with matrix 2671:2676 arg1 resolution 2698:2707 spatiotemporal resolution 2683:2707 spatiotemporal resolution 2683:2707 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 11 13 theme phosphates 2146:2155 arg1 precipitation 2101:2113 precipitation 2101:2113 precipitation 2101:2113 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 13 theme phosphates 2146:2155 arg1 CaP 2158:2160 CaP 2158:2160 CaP 2158:2160 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 13 theme phosphates 2146:2155 arg1 transformations 2119:2133 transformations 2119:2133 transformations of calcium phosphates 2119:2155 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 14 14 theme biomineralization 2913:2929 arg1 processes 2931:2939 biomineralization processes 2913:2939 biomineralization processes 2913:2939 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 4 15 with network 804:810 arg1 range 819:823 a range 817:823 a range of experimental methods 817:847 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 6 16 theme simulated 1380:1388 arg1 fluid 1395:1399 a simulated body fluid 1378:1399 a simulated body fluid 1378:1399 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 10 17 with hydrogels 2023:2031 arg1 little 2038:2043 little 2038:2043 little 2038:2043 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 14 18 theme future 2819:2824 arg1 design 2835:2840 the future rational design 2815:2840 the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes 2815:2939 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 13 19 theme alginate 2662:2669 arg1 matrix 2671:2676 an alginate matrix 2659:2676 an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution 2659:2707 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 12 20 theme organic 2388:2394 arg1 matrix 2396:2401 the organic matrix 2384:2401 the organic matrix 2384:2401 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 8 21 located present 1737:1743 arg2 seeds 1726:1730 no seeds 1723:1730 no seeds 1723:1730 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 8 21 located present 1737:1743 arg1 matrix 1761:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 3 22 theme rational 634:641 arg1 design 643:648 the rational design 630:648 the rational design of such biomaterials 630:669 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. 27567962 1 23 theme UNLABELLED 132:141 arg1 method 214:219 a method 212:219 a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 212:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 1 23 theme UNLABELLED 132:141 arg1 modification 147:158 UNLABELLED The modification 132:158 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components 132:207 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 14 24 theme bone 2874:2877 arg1 engineering 2886:2896 bone tissue engineering 2874:2896 bone tissue engineering 2874:2896 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 11 25 dep SIGNIFICANCE 2084:2095 arg1 precipitation 2101:2113 precipitation 2101:2113 precipitation 2101:2113 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 25 dep SIGNIFICANCE 2084:2095 arg1 CaP 2158:2160 CaP 2158:2160 CaP 2158:2160 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 25 dep SIGNIFICANCE 2084:2095 arg1 transformations 2119:2133 transformations 2119:2133 transformations of calcium phosphates 2119:2155 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 1 26 theme The 143:145 arg1 method 214:219 a method 212:219 a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 212:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 1 26 theme The 143:145 arg1 modification 147:158 UNLABELLED The modification 132:158 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components 132:207 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 14 27 theme materials 2860:2868 arg1 design 2835:2840 the future rational design 2815:2840 the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes 2815:2939 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 3 28 theme biomaterials 658:669 arg1 design 643:648 the rational design 630:648 the rational design of such biomaterials 630:669 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. 27567962 1 29 theme soft 163:166 arg1 hydrogels 168:176 soft hydrogels 163:176 soft hydrogels 163:176 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 12 30 theme crystals 2522:2529 arg1 nucleation 2488:2497 nucleation 2488:2497 nucleation 2488:2497 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 12 30 theme crystals 2522:2529 arg1 kinetics 2510:2517 growth kinetics 2503:2517 growth kinetics 2503:2517 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 12 31 from precipitated 2328:2339 arg1 matrix 2355:2360 a hydrogel matrix 2344:2360 a hydrogel matrix 2344:2360 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 4 32 with resolution 875:884 arg1 range 819:823 a range 817:823 a range of experimental methods 817:847 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 9 33 theme composites 1801:1810 arg1 Incubation 1769:1778 Incubation 1769:1778 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid 1769:1834 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. 27567962 8 34 attach present 1737:1743 arg2 seeds 1726:1730 no seeds 1723:1730 no seeds 1723:1730 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 8 34 attach present 1737:1743 arg1 matrix 1761:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 4 35 dep formation 739:747 arg1 the 735:737 the 735:737 the 735:737 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 13 36 theme spatiotemporal 2683:2696 arg1 resolution 2698:2707 spatiotemporal resolution 2683:2707 spatiotemporal resolution 2683:2707 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 6 37 theme calcium 1228:1234 arg1 phosphate 1236:1244 the calcium phosphate mineral 1224:1252 the calcium phosphate mineral 1224:1252 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 5 38 theme mineral 1004:1010 arg1 phosphate 994:1002 calcium phosphate mineral 986:1010 calcium phosphate mineral 986:1010 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 9 39 theme simulated 1815:1823 arg1 fluid 1830:1834 simulated body fluid 1815:1834 simulated body fluid 1815:1834 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. 27567962 0 40 theme hydrogel 115:122 arg1 matrix 124:129 an alginate hydrogel matrix 103:129 an alginate hydrogel matrix 103:129 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 1 41 with modification 147:158 arg1 components 198:207 hard inorganic components 183:207 hard inorganic components 183:207 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 6 42 theme electron 1122:1129 arg1 microscopy 1131:1140 electron microscopy 1122:1140 electron microscopy 1122:1140 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 2 43 theme native 496:501 arg1 cells 516:520 native or implanted cells 496:520 native or implanted cells 496:520 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 8 44 theme ACP 1547:1549 arg1 particles 1551:1559 The ACP particles 1543:1559 The ACP particles 1543:1559 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 4 45 theme phases 779:784 arg1 transformation 753:766 transformation 753:766 transformation 753:766 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 4 45 theme phases 779:784 arg1 formation 739:747 formation 739:747 formation 739:747 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 2 46 theme osteoinductive 421:434 arg1 properties 436:445 osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties 402:445 osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties 402:445 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 1 47 theme tissue 296:301 arg1 engineering 303:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 5 48 theme process 975:981 arg1 investigation 925:937 a detailed investigation 914:937 a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix 914:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 49 theme microspectroscopy 1100:1116 arg1 combination 1050:1060 A combination 1048:1060 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy 1048:1140 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 2 50 theme interactions 475:486 arg1 aspects 464:470 other aspects 458:470 other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material 458:537 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 12 51 theme growth 2503:2508 arg1 kinetics 2510:2517 growth kinetics 2503:2517 growth kinetics 2503:2517 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 8 52 from present 1737:1743 arg1 matrix 1761:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 0 53 theme spatiotemporal 14:27 arg1 study 40:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study 0:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 0:130 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 5 54 theme calcium 986:992 arg1 phosphate 994:1002 calcium phosphate mineral 986:1010 calcium phosphate mineral 986:1010 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 55 theme confocal 1085:1092 arg1 microspectroscopy 1100:1116 confocal Raman microspectroscopy 1085:1116 confocal Raman microspectroscopy 1085:1116 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 8 56 theme distinctive 1567:1577 arg1 morphology 1589:1598 a distinctive spherical morphology 1565:1598 a distinctive spherical morphology 1565:1598 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 4 57 theme high 853:856 arg1 resolution 875:884 high spatial and time resolution 853:884 high spatial and time resolution 853:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 9 58 theme hydroxyapatite 1861:1874 arg1 formation 1848:1856 formation 1848:1856 formation of hydroxyapatite 1848:1874 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. 27567962 6 59 theme microscopy 1073:1082 arg1 combination 1050:1060 A combination 1048:1060 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy 1048:1140 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 2 60 theme implanted 506:514 arg1 cells 516:520 native or implanted cells 496:520 native or implanted cells 496:520 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 10 61 dep in 1950:1951 arg1 situ 1953:1956 situ 1953:1956 situ 1953:1956 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 10 62 theme characterization 1881:1896 arg1 strategy 1898:1905 The characterization strategy 1877:1905 The characterization strategy presented here 1877:1920 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 2 63 theme mechanical 368:377 arg1 enhancement 379:389 mechanical enhancement 368:389 mechanical enhancement 368:389 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 0 64 theme calcium 49:55 arg1 phosphate 57:65 calcium phosphate formation and transformation 49:94 calcium phosphate formation and transformation 49:94 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 65 from incubation 1364:1373 arg1 fluid 1395:1399 a simulated body fluid 1378:1399 a simulated body fluid 1378:1399 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 13 66 theme characterization 2566:2581 arg1 techniques 2583:2592 characterization techniques 2566:2592 characterization techniques 2566:2592 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 14 67 theme hydrogel-based 2845:2858 arg1 materials 2860:2868 hydrogel-based materials 2845:2868 hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes 2845:2939 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 10 68 theme non-destructive 1933:1947 arg1 observation 1958:1968 non-destructive, in situ observation 1933:1968 non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation 1933:2068 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 8 69 from matrix 1761:1766 arg1 present 1737:1743 present 1737:1743 present 1737:1743 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 8 70 theme seed 1673:1676 arg1 crystals 1678:1685 brushite seed crystals 1664:1685 brushite seed crystals 1664:1685 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 5 71 theme hydrogel 1031:1038 arg1 matrix 1040:1045 an alginate hydrogel matrix 1019:1045 an alginate hydrogel matrix 1019:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 11 72 dep precipitation 2101:2113 arg1 The 2097:2099 The 2097:2099 The 2097:2099 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 4 73 theme methods 841:847 arg1 range 819:823 a range 817:823 a range of experimental methods 817:847 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 2 74 theme osteoconductive 402:416 arg1 properties 436:445 osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties 402:445 osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties 402:445 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 11 75 theme mineral 2246:2252 arg1 phases 2254:2259 different mineral phases 2236:2259 different mineral phases 2236:2259 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 7 76 theme calcium 1512:1518 arg1 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 7 76 theme calcium 1512:1518 arg1 phase 1530:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase 1489:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP) 1489:1540 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 10 77 dep non-destructive 1933:1947 arg1 in 1950:1951 in 1950:1951 in 1950:1951 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 6 78 theme mineralization 1332:1345 arg1 process 1347:1353 the hydrogel mineralization process 1319:1353 the hydrogel mineralization process 1319:1353 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 10 79 theme mineralization 1973:1986 arg1 processes 1988:1996 mineralization processes 1973:1996 mineralization processes 1973:1996 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 3 80 theme thorough 542:549 arg1 understanding 551:563 A thorough understanding 540:563 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components 540:607 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. 27567962 8 81 theme octacalcium 1695:1705 arg1 phosphate 1707:1715 octacalcium phosphate 1695:1715 octacalcium phosphate 1695:1715 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 7 82 theme metastable 1491:1500 arg1 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 ACP 1537:1539 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 7 82 theme metastable 1491:1500 arg1 phase 1530:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase 1489:1534 a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP) 1489:1540 It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). 27567962 14 83 theme detailed 2732:2739 arg1 investigation 2741:2753 a detailed investigation 2730:2753 a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations 2730:2802 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 13 84 theme mineral 2607:2613 arg1 formation 2615:2623 mineral formation 2607:2623 mineral formation 2607:2623 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 3 85 theme such 593:596 arg1 components 598:607 such components 593:607 such components 593:607 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. 27567962 1 86 theme non-load-bearing 274:289 arg1 engineering 303:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 5 87 theme detailed 916:923 arg1 investigation 925:937 a detailed investigation 914:937 a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix 914:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 88 theme phases 1305:1310 arg1 transformation 1275:1288 transformation 1275:1288 transformation of the mineral phases 1275:1310 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 3 89 theme interactions 572:583 arg1 understanding 551:563 A thorough understanding 540:563 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components 540:607 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. 27567962 1 90 theme hard 183:186 arg1 components 198:207 hard inorganic components 183:207 hard inorganic components 183:207 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 13 91 theme CaP 2648:2650 arg1 transformations 2629:2643 transformations 2629:2643 transformations 2629:2643 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 13 91 theme CaP 2648:2650 arg1 formation 2615:2623 mineral formation 2607:2623 mineral formation 2607:2623 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 4 92 theme time 870:873 arg1 resolution 875:884 high spatial and time resolution 853:884 high spatial and time resolution 853:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 4 93 theme model 694:698 arg1 systems 700:706 model systems 694:706 model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution 694:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 9 94 theme brushite-alginate 1783:1799 arg1 composites 1801:1810 brushite-alginate composites 1783:1810 brushite-alginate composites 1783:1810 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. 27567962 13 95 theme techniques 2583:2592 arg1 range 2557:2561 a range 2555:2561 a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution 2555:2707 In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. 27567962 2 96 theme inorganic 336:344 arg1 component 346:354 an inorganic component 333:354 an inorganic component 333:354 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 11 97 theme formation 2196:2204 arg1 kinetics 2206:2213 formation kinetics 2196:2213 formation kinetics 2196:2213 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 6 98 theme crystal 1207:1213 arg1 phase 1215:1219 crystal phase 1207:1219 crystal phase 1207:1219 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 6 99 theme body 1390:1393 arg1 fluid 1395:1399 a simulated body fluid 1378:1399 a simulated body fluid 1378:1399 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 10 100 from observation 1958:1968 arg1 hydrogels 2023:2031 optically transparent hydrogels 2001:2031 optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation 2001:2068 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 10 101 theme transparent 2011:2021 arg1 hydrogels 2023:2031 optically transparent hydrogels 2001:2031 optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation 2001:2068 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 1 102 from application 259:269 arg1 engineering 303:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 274:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 8 103 theme hydrogel 1752:1759 arg1 matrix 1761:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 the hydrogel matrix 1748:1766 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 11 104 theme calcium 2138:2144 arg1 phosphates 2146:2155 calcium phosphates 2138:2155 calcium phosphates 2138:2155 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 10 105 theme sample 2051:2056 arg1 preparation 2058:2068 no sample preparation 2048:2068 no sample preparation 2048:2068 The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. 27567962 6 106 used used 1146:1149 arg2 combination 1050:1060 A combination 1048:1060 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy 1048:1140 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 12 107 theme hydrogel 2346:2353 arg1 matrix 2355:2360 a hydrogel matrix 2344:2360 a hydrogel matrix 2344:2360 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 14 108 theme tissue 2879:2884 arg1 engineering 2886:2896 bone tissue engineering 2874:2896 bone tissue engineering 2874:2896 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 4 109 theme formation 739:747 arg1 study 726:730 study 726:730 study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution 726:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 5 110 theme formation 946:954 arg1 process 975:981 the formation and transformation process 942:981 the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix 942:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 111 theme optical 1065:1071 arg1 microscopy 1073:1082 optical microscopy 1065:1082 optical microscopy 1065:1082 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 4 112 theme transformation 753:766 arg1 study 726:730 study 726:730 study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution 726:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 14 113 theme precipitation 2770:2782 arg1 investigation 2741:2753 a detailed investigation 2730:2753 a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations 2730:2802 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 12 114 from matrix 2355:2360 arg1 precipitated 2328:2339 precipitated 2328:2339 precipitated 2328:2339 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 3 115 theme such 653:656 arg1 biomaterials 658:669 such biomaterials 653:669 such biomaterials 653:669 A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. 27567962 6 116 theme mineral 1246:1252 arg1 phosphate 1236:1244 the calcium phosphate mineral 1224:1252 the calcium phosphate mineral 1224:1252 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 8 117 contain had 1561:1563 arg2 morphology 1589:1598 a distinctive spherical morphology 1565:1598 a distinctive spherical morphology 1565:1598 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 8 117 contain had 1561:1563 arg1 particles 1551:1559 The ACP particles 1543:1559 The ACP particles 1543:1559 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 12 118 dep nucleation 2488:2497 arg1 the 2484:2486 the 2484:2486 the 2484:2486 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 1 119 theme hydrogels 168:176 arg1 method 214:219 a method 212:219 a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering 212:313 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 1 119 theme hydrogels 168:176 arg1 modification 147:158 UNLABELLED The modification 132:158 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components 132:207 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 8 120 from brushite 1636:1643 arg1 presence 1652:1659 the presence 1648:1659 the presence of brushite seed crystals 1648:1685 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 0 121 theme alginate 106:113 arg1 matrix 124:129 an alginate hydrogel matrix 103:129 an alginate hydrogel matrix 103:129 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 5 122 theme phosphate 994:1002 arg1 process 975:981 the formation and transformation process 942:981 the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix 942:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 4 123 theme hydrogel 795:802 arg1 network 804:810 a hydrogel network 793:810 a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods 793:847 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 14 124 theme mineral 2762:2768 arg1 precipitation 2770:2782 the mineral precipitation 2758:2782 the mineral precipitation 2758:2782 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 6 125 theme microscopy 1131:1140 arg1 combination 1050:1060 A combination 1048:1060 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy 1048:1140 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 9 126 theme body 1825:1828 arg1 fluid 1830:1834 simulated body fluid 1815:1834 simulated body fluid 1815:1834 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. 27567962 0 127 theme correlative 2:12 arg1 study 40:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study 0:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 0:130 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 5 128 theme transformation 960:973 arg1 process 975:981 the formation and transformation process 942:981 the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix 942:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 14 129 theme rational 2826:2833 arg1 design 2835:2840 the future rational design 2815:2840 the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes 2815:2939 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 11 130 theme different 2236:2244 arg1 phases 2254:2259 different mineral phases 2236:2259 different mineral phases 2236:2259 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 4 131 theme mineral 771:777 arg1 phases 779:784 mineral phases 771:784 mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution 771:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 0 132 theme microscale 29:38 arg1 study 40:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study 0:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 0:130 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 133 theme Raman 1094:1098 arg1 microspectroscopy 1100:1116 confocal Raman microspectroscopy 1085:1116 confocal Raman microspectroscopy 1085:1116 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 8 134 theme spherical 1579:1587 arg1 morphology 1589:1598 a distinctive spherical morphology 1565:1598 a distinctive spherical morphology 1565:1598 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 2 135 theme other 458:462 arg1 aspects 464:470 other aspects 458:470 other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material 458:537 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 0 136 dep phosphate 57:65 arg1 transformation 81:94 transformation 81:94 transformation 81:94 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 0 136 dep phosphate 57:65 arg1 formation 67:75 formation 67:75 formation 67:75 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 1 137 mod modification 147:158 arg3 The 143:145 The 143:145 The 143:145 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 1 137 mod modification 147:158 arg1 hydrogels 168:176 soft hydrogels 163:176 soft hydrogels 163:176 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 0 138 theme phosphate 57:65 arg1 study 40:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study 0:44 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 0:130 A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 14 139 theme transformations 2788:2802 arg1 investigation 2741:2753 a detailed investigation 2730:2753 a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations 2730:2802 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 11 140 theme phases 2254:2259 arg1 kinetics 2206:2213 formation kinetics 2196:2213 formation kinetics 2196:2213 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 11 140 theme phases 2254:2259 arg1 stability 2223:2231 the stability 2219:2231 the stability of different mineral phases 2219:2259 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. 27567962 4 141 theme spatial 858:864 arg1 resolution 875:884 high spatial and time resolution 853:884 high spatial and time resolution 853:884 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27567962 8 142 theme crystals 1678:1685 arg1 presence 1652:1659 the presence 1648:1659 the presence of brushite seed crystals 1648:1685 The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. 27567962 5 143 theme alginate 1022:1029 arg1 matrix 1040:1045 an alginate hydrogel matrix 1019:1045 an alginate hydrogel matrix 1019:1045 Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. 27567962 6 144 theme spatial 1170:1176 arg1 distribution 1178:1189 the spatial distribution 1166:1189 the spatial distribution 1166:1189 A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. 27567962 12 145 theme supersaturation 2446:2460 arg1 gradients 2462:2470 supersaturation gradients 2446:2470 supersaturation gradients 2446:2470 This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. 27567962 2 146 theme component 346:354 arg1 inclusion 320:328 The inclusion 316:328 The inclusion of an inorganic component 316:354 The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. 27567962 1 147 theme composite 234:242 arg1 materials 244:252 composite materials 234:252 composite materials 234:252 UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. 27567962 9 148 from Incubation 1769:1778 arg1 fluid 1830:1834 simulated body fluid 1815:1834 simulated body fluid 1815:1834 Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. 27567962 14 149 theme processes 2931:2939 arg1 engineering 2886:2896 bone tissue engineering 2874:2896 bone tissue engineering 2874:2896 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 14 149 theme processes 2931:2939 arg1 studies 2902:2908 studies 2902:2908 studies of biomineralization processes 2902:2939 It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes. 27567962 4 150 theme experimental 828:839 arg1 methods 841:847 experimental methods 828:847 experimental methods 828:847 To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. 27702542 3 0 theme oxide 345:349 arg1 self-assemble 415:427 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble 336:427 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 336:586 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 1 theme agent 495:499 arg1 genipin 501:507 crosslinking agent genipin 482:507 crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) 482:513 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 1 theme agent 495:499 arg1 GNP 510:512 GNP 510:512 GNP 510:512 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 5 2 theme tissue 861:866 arg1 engineering 868:878 bone tissue engineering 856:878 bone tissue engineering 856:878 These properties together with the good biocompatibility make the ternary composite gel a promising material for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 3 3 theme genipin 501:507 arg1 assistance 468:477 the assistance 464:477 the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) 464:513 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 2 4 theme composite 307:315 arg1 hydrogel 326:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 Here we report a facile method to synthesize high strength composite graphene hydrogel. 27702542 3 5 theme agent 535:539 arg1 NaVC 559:562 NaVC 559:562 NaVC 559:562 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 5 theme agent 535:539 arg1 ascorbate 548:556 reducing agent sodium ascorbate 526:556 reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) 526:563 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 6 theme HA 373:374 arg1 NPs 392:394 NPs 392:394 NPs 392:394 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 6 theme HA 373:374 arg1 nanoparticles 377:389 hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles 357:389 hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) 357:395 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 4 7 theme HA 721:722 arg1 capacity 709:716 high fixing capacity 697:716 high fixing capacity of HA 697:722 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 4 7 theme HA 721:722 arg1 strength 687:694 high mechanical strength 671:694 high mechanical strength 671:694 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 4 7 theme HA 721:722 arg1 porosity 733:740 high porosity 728:740 high porosity 728:740 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 2 8 theme strength 298:305 arg1 hydrogel 326:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 Here we report a facile method to synthesize high strength composite graphene hydrogel. 27702542 4 9 theme fixing 702:707 arg1 capacity 709:716 high fixing capacity 697:716 high fixing capacity of HA 697:722 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 2 10 theme high 293:296 arg1 hydrogel 326:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 Here we report a facile method to synthesize high strength composite graphene hydrogel. 27702542 5 11 theme promising 833:841 arg1 material 843:850 a promising material 831:850 a promising material for bone tissue engineering 831:878 These properties together with the good biocompatibility make the ternary composite gel a promising material for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 3 12 theme hydroxyapatite 357:370 arg1 NPs 392:394 NPs 392:394 NPs 392:394 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 12 theme hydroxyapatite 357:370 arg1 nanoparticles 377:389 hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles 357:389 hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) 357:395 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 1 13 theme Graphene 116:123 arg1 hydrogel 125:132 Graphene hydrogel 116:132 Graphene hydrogel 116:132 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 6 14 theme adsorbent 1069:1077 arg1 materials 1079:1087 adsorbent materials 1069:1087 adsorbent materials 1069:1087 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 0 15 theme high-strength 15:27 arg1 hydroxyapatite/graphene 29:51 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene 0:51 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene 0:51 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 3 16 theme sodium 541:546 arg1 NaVC 559:562 NaVC 559:562 NaVC 559:562 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 16 theme sodium 541:546 arg1 ascorbate 548:556 reducing agent sodium ascorbate 526:556 reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) 526:563 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 6 17 theme storage 1047:1053 arg1 materials 1055:1063 energy storage materials 1040:1063 energy storage materials 1040:1063 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 4 18 theme composite 642:650 arg1 gel 652:654 the resulted composite gel 629:654 the resulted composite gel 629:654 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 0 19 theme Self-assembled 0:13 arg1 hydroxyapatite/graphene 29:51 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene 0:51 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene 0:51 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 1 20 from potentials 152:161 arg1 engineering 178:188 bone tissue engineering 166:188 bone tissue engineering 166:188 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 4 21 theme high 697:700 arg1 capacity 709:716 high fixing capacity 697:716 high fixing capacity of HA 697:722 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 4 22 theme resulted 633:640 arg1 gel 652:654 the resulted composite gel 629:654 the resulted composite gel 629:654 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 5 23 theme good 778:781 arg1 biocompatibility 783:798 the good biocompatibility 774:798 the good biocompatibility 774:798 These properties together with the good biocompatibility make the ternary composite gel a promising material for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 3 24 dep oxide 345:349 arg1 GO 352:353 GO 352:353 GO 352:353 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 25 theme reducing 526:533 arg1 NaVC 559:562 NaVC 559:562 NaVC 559:562 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 25 theme reducing 526:533 arg1 ascorbate 548:556 reducing agent sodium ascorbate 526:556 reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) 526:563 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 26 theme nanoparticles 377:389 arg1 self-assemble 415:427 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble 336:427 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 336:586 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 2 27 theme graphene 317:324 arg1 hydrogel 326:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 high strength composite graphene hydrogel 293:333 Here we report a facile method to synthesize high strength composite graphene hydrogel. 27702542 4 28 theme dense 592:596 arg1 microstructure 611:624 The dense and oriented microstructure 588:624 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel 588:654 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 3 29 theme chitosan 401:408 arg1 self-assemble 415:427 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble 336:427 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 336:586 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 4 30 theme high 671:674 arg1 strength 687:694 high mechanical strength 671:694 high mechanical strength 671:694 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 3 31 with hydrogel 450:457 arg1 assistance 468:477 the assistance 464:477 the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) 464:513 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 5 32 theme ternary 809:815 arg1 gel 827:829 the ternary composite gel 805:829 the ternary composite gel 805:829 These properties together with the good biocompatibility make the ternary composite gel a promising material for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 6 33 theme energy 1040:1045 arg1 materials 1055:1063 energy storage materials 1040:1063 energy storage materials 1040:1063 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 1 34 theme practical 233:241 arg1 use 243:245 the practical use 229:245 the practical use 229:245 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 0 35 theme composite 68:76 arg1 hydrogel 78:85 composite hydrogel 68:85 composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering 68:113 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 5 36 theme composite 817:825 arg1 gel 827:829 the ternary composite gel 805:829 the ternary composite gel 805:829 These properties together with the good biocompatibility make the ternary composite gel a promising material for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 3 37 theme 3-dimensional 436:448 arg1 hydrogel 450:457 a 3-dimensional hydrogel 434:457 a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS 434:520 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 0 38 theme bone 91:94 arg1 engineering 103:113 bone tissue engineering 91:113 bone tissue engineering 91:113 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 6 39 theme reduction 918:926 arg1 strategy 928:935 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy 881:935 strategy 928:935 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 6 40 theme nanocomposites 1007:1020 arg1 nanocomposites 1007:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites 981:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials 981:1087 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 6 40 theme nanocomposites 1007:1020 arg1 variety 970:976 a variety 968:976 a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials 968:1087 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 1 41 from use 243:245 arg1 weak 221:224 weak 221:224 weak 221:224 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 4 42 theme mechanical 676:685 arg1 strength 687:694 high mechanical strength 671:694 high mechanical strength 671:694 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 3 43 theme Graphene 336:343 arg1 oxide 345:349 Graphene oxide 336:349 Graphene oxide (GO) 336:354 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 43 theme Graphene 336:343 arg1 CS 411:412 CS 411:412 CS 411:412 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 44 theme crosslinking 482:493 arg1 genipin 501:507 crosslinking agent genipin 482:507 crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) 482:513 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 3 44 theme crosslinking 482:493 arg1 GNP 510:512 GNP 510:512 GNP 510:512 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 1 45 theme bone 166:169 arg1 engineering 178:188 bone tissue engineering 166:188 bone tissue engineering 166:188 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 6 46 theme based 1001:1005 arg1 nanocomposites 1007:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites 981:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials 981:1087 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 4 47 theme high 728:731 arg1 porosity 733:740 high porosity 728:740 high porosity 728:740 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 1 48 theme tissue 171:176 arg1 engineering 178:188 bone tissue engineering 166:188 bone tissue engineering 166:188 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 6 49 theme graphene-polymer 984:999 arg1 nanocomposites 1007:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites 981:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials 981:1087 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 4 50 theme oriented 602:609 arg1 microstructure 611:624 The dense and oriented microstructure 588:624 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel 588:654 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 27702542 2 51 theme facile 265:270 arg1 method 272:277 a facile method 263:277 a facile method to synthesize high strength composite graphene hydrogel 263:333 Here we report a facile method to synthesize high strength composite graphene hydrogel. 27702542 1 52 from weak 221:224 arg1 use 243:245 the practical use 229:245 the practical use 229:245 Graphene hydrogel has shown greatly potentials in bone tissue engineering recently, but it is relatively weak in the practical use. 27702542 5 53 theme bone 856:859 arg1 engineering 868:878 bone tissue engineering 856:878 bone tissue engineering 856:878 These properties together with the good biocompatibility make the ternary composite gel a promising material for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 6 54 theme 3D 981:982 arg1 nanocomposites 1007:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites 981:1020 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials 981:1087 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 0 55 theme tissue 96:101 arg1 engineering 103:113 bone tissue engineering 91:113 bone tissue engineering 91:113 Self-assembled high-strength hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 27702542 6 56 theme simultaneous 888:899 arg1 crosslinking 901:912 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy 881:935 crosslinking 901:912 Such a simultaneous crosslinking and reduction strategy can also be applied to produce a variety of 3D graphene-polymer based nanocomposites for biomaterials, energy storage materials and adsorbent materials. 27702542 3 57 with ascorbate 548:556 arg1 assistance 468:477 the assistance 464:477 the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) 464:513 Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan (CS) self-assemble into a 3-dimensional hydrogel with the assistance of crosslinking agent genipin (GNP) for CS and reducing agent sodium ascorbate (NaVC) for GO simultaneously. 27702542 4 58 theme gel 652:654 arg1 microstructure 611:624 The dense and oriented microstructure 588:624 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel 588:654 The dense and oriented microstructure of the resulted composite gel endows it with high mechanical strength, high fixing capacity of HA and high porosity. 26135050 5 0 theme properties 1133:1142 arg1 modulation 1085:1094 modulation 1085:1094 modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms 1085:1161 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 4 1 theme quantum 896:902 arg1 dots 904:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots 887:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper 887:931 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 5 2 theme various 1169:1175 arg1 analytes 1205:1212 various model biologically relevant analytes 1169:1212 various model biologically relevant analytes 1169:1212 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 6 3 dep platform 1279:1286 arg1 advantageous 1249:1260 advantageous 1249:1260 advantageous 1249:1260 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 1 4 theme high 357:360 arg1 area 370:373 high surface area 357:373 high surface area 357:373 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 4 5 theme ZnS 892:894 arg1 dots 904:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots 887:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper 887:931 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 1 6 theme high 255:258 arg1 strength 271:278 high mechanical strength 255:278 high mechanical strength 255:278 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 7 theme surface 362:368 arg1 area 370:373 high surface area 357:373 high surface area 357:373 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 6 8 theme preconcentration 1262:1277 arg1 platform 1279:1286 and advantageous preconcentration platform 1245:1286 platform 1279:1286 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 1 9 theme cellulose 52:60 arg1 material 98:105 a multifunctional material 80:105 a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area 80:373 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 9 theme cellulose 52:60 arg1 BC 73:74 BC 73:74 BC 73:74 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 9 theme cellulose 52:60 arg1 nanopaper 62:70 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper 42:70 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) 42:75 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 10 theme mechanical 260:269 arg1 strength 271:278 high mechanical strength 255:278 high mechanical strength 255:278 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 2 11 theme photoluminescent 525:540 arg1 properties 542:551 plasmonic or photoluminescent properties 512:551 plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications 512:598 Herein, we report various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms and describe how they can be tuned, using nanomaterials, to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 biodegradability 182:197 biodegradability 182:197 biodegradability 182:197 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 properties 230:239 thermal properties 222:239 thermal properties 222:239 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 area 370:373 high surface area 357:373 high surface area 357:373 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 flexibility 242:252 flexibility 242:252 flexibility 242:252 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 hydrophilicity 281:294 hydrophilicity 281:294 hydrophilicity 281:294 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 sustainability 148:161 sustainability 148:161 sustainability 148:161 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 capabilities 340:351 broad chemical-modification capabilities 312:351 broad chemical-modification capabilities 312:351 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 transparency 208:219 optical transparency 200:219 optical transparency 200:219 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 biocompatibility 164:179 biocompatibility 164:179 biocompatibility 164:179 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 porosity 302:309 high porosity 297:309 high porosity 297:309 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 12 dep material 98:105 arg1 strength 271:278 high mechanical strength 255:278 high mechanical strength 255:278 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 2 13 theme nanopaper-based 402:416 arg1 platforms 434:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 Herein, we report various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms and describe how they can be tuned, using nanomaterials, to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications. 26135050 2 14 theme plasmonic 512:520 arg1 properties 542:551 plasmonic or photoluminescent properties 512:551 plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications 512:598 Herein, we report various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms and describe how they can be tuned, using nanomaterials, to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications. 26135050 5 15 theme plasmonic 1103:1111 arg1 properties 1133:1142 the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties 1099:1142 the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms 1099:1161 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 2 16 theme various 394:400 arg1 platforms 434:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 Herein, we report various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms and describe how they can be tuned, using nanomaterials, to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications. 26135050 4 17 theme Er 1041:1042 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 18 theme @ 891:891 arg1 dots 904:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots 887:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper 887:931 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 19 theme colorimetric-based 747:764 arg1 sensor 766:771 a colorimetric-based sensor 745:771 a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles 745:840 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 5 20 theme model 1177:1181 arg1 analytes 1205:1212 various model biologically relevant analytes 1169:1212 various model biologically relevant analytes 1169:1212 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 4 21 theme @ 1040:1040 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 22 theme CdSe 887:890 arg1 dots 904:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots 887:907 CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper 887:931 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 0 23 theme Optical 16:22 arg1 Platform 32:39 an Optical Sensing Platform 13:39 an Optical Sensing Platform 13:39 Nanopaper as an Optical Sensing Platform. 26135050 5 24 theme relevant 1196:1203 arg1 analytes 1205:1212 various model biologically relevant analytes 1169:1212 various model biologically relevant analytes 1169:1212 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 4 25 theme potential 940:948 arg1 up-conversion 950:962 a potential up-conversion 938:962 a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4 938:1032 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 26 theme gold 823:826 arg1 nanoparticles 828:840 embedded silver and gold nanoparticles 803:840 nanoparticles 828:840 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 27 theme embedded 803:810 arg1 silver 812:817 embedded silver and gold nanoparticles 803:840 silver 812:817 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 1 28 theme multifunctional 82:96 arg1 material 98:105 a multifunctional material 80:105 a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area 80:373 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 28 theme multifunctional 82:96 arg1 nanopaper 62:70 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper 42:70 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) 42:75 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 29 theme optical 200:206 arg1 transparency 208:219 optical transparency 200:219 optical transparency 200:219 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 30 theme high 297:300 arg1 porosity 302:309 high porosity 297:309 high porosity 297:309 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 6 31 theme materials 1355:1363 arg1 volumes 1327:1333 small volumes 1321:1333 small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL) 1321:1371 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 4 32 theme 3+ 1044:1045 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 2 33 theme sensing 426:432 arg1 platforms 434:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 Herein, we report various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms and describe how they can be tuned, using nanomaterials, to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications. 26135050 0 34 theme Sensing 24:30 arg1 Platform 32:39 an Optical Sensing Platform 13:39 an Optical Sensing Platform 13:39 Nanopaper as an Optical Sensing Platform. 26135050 4 35 contain containing 792:801 arg1 nanopaper 782:790 nanopaper 782:790 nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles 782:840 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 35 contain containing 792:801 arg2 nanoparticles 828:840 embedded silver and gold nanoparticles 803:840 nanoparticles 828:840 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 35 contain containing 792:801 arg2 silver 812:817 embedded silver and gold nanoparticles 803:840 silver 812:817 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 4 36 theme Yb 1034:1035 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 3 37 theme several 618:624 arg1 plates 672:677 plates 672:677 plates 672:677 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 37 theme several 618:624 arg1 configurations 636:649 several nanopaper configurations 618:649 several nanopaper configurations 618:649 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 37 theme several 618:624 arg1 cuvettes 662:669 cuvettes 662:669 cuvettes 662:669 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 37 theme several 618:624 arg1 spots 683:687 spots 683:687 spots 683:687 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 2 38 theme optical 418:424 arg1 platforms 434:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms 394:442 Herein, we report various nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms and describe how they can be tuned, using nanomaterials, to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent properties that can be exploited for sensing applications. 26135050 5 39 theme platforms 1153:1161 arg1 properties 1133:1142 the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties 1099:1142 the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms 1099:1161 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 7 40 theme bio 1442:1444 arg1 sensors 1446:1452 optical (bio)sensors 1433:1452 optical (bio)sensors 1433:1452 We are confident that these platforms will pave the way to optical (bio)sensors or theranostic devices that are simple, transparent, flexible, disposable, lightweight, miniaturized and perhaps wearable. 26135050 6 41 theme active 1348:1353 arg1 materials 1355:1363 optically active materials 1338:1363 optically active materials (∼4 μL) 1338:1371 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 6 41 theme active 1348:1353 arg1 μL 1369:1370 ∼4 μL 1366:1370 ∼4 μL 1366:1370 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 1 42 theme broad 312:316 arg1 capabilities 340:351 broad chemical-modification capabilities 312:351 broad chemical-modification capabilities 312:351 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 4 43 theme photoluminescent-based 845:866 arg1 sensor 868:873 a photoluminescent-based sensor 843:873 a photoluminescent-based sensor 843:873 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 1 44 theme chemical-modification 318:338 arg1 capabilities 340:351 broad chemical-modification capabilities 312:351 broad chemical-modification capabilities 312:351 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 6 45 theme volumes 1327:1333 arg1 analysis 1309:1316 the analysis 1305:1316 the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL) 1305:1371 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 4 46 dep include 737:743 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26135050 1 47 theme thermal 222:228 arg1 properties 230:239 thermal properties 222:239 thermal properties 222:239 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 6 48 theme small 1321:1325 arg1 volumes 1327:1333 small volumes 1321:1333 small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL) 1321:1371 Moreover, we prove that BC is and advantageous preconcentration platform that facilitates the analysis of small volumes of optically active materials (∼4 μL). 26135050 7 49 theme optical 1433:1439 arg1 sensors 1446:1452 optical (bio)sensors 1433:1452 optical (bio)sensors 1433:1452 We are confident that these platforms will pave the way to optical (bio)sensors or theranostic devices that are simple, transparent, flexible, disposable, lightweight, miniaturized and perhaps wearable. 26135050 1 50 theme numerous 117:124 arg1 properties 136:145 numerous desirable properties 117:145 numerous desirable properties 117:145 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 3 51 theme nanopaper 626:634 arg1 plates 672:677 plates 672:677 plates 672:677 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 51 theme nanopaper 626:634 arg1 configurations 636:649 several nanopaper configurations 618:649 several nanopaper configurations 618:649 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 51 theme nanopaper 626:634 arg1 cuvettes 662:669 cuvettes 662:669 cuvettes 662:669 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 51 theme nanopaper 626:634 arg1 spots 683:687 spots 683:687 spots 683:687 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 1 52 theme desirable 126:134 arg1 properties 136:145 numerous desirable properties 117:145 numerous desirable properties 117:145 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 7 53 theme theranostic 1457:1467 arg1 devices 1469:1475 theranostic devices 1457:1475 theranostic devices 1457:1475 We are confident that these platforms will pave the way to optical (bio)sensors or theranostic devices that are simple, transparent, flexible, disposable, lightweight, miniaturized and perhaps wearable. 26135050 3 54 dep we 694:695 arg1 plates 672:677 plates 672:677 plates 672:677 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 54 dep we 694:695 arg1 cuvettes 662:669 cuvettes 662:669 cuvettes 662:669 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 54 dep we 694:695 arg1 punched 708:714 punched 708:714 punched on BC 708:720 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 54 dep we 694:695 arg1 spots 683:687 spots 683:687 spots 683:687 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 3 54 dep we 694:695 arg1 printed 697:703 printed 697:703 printed 697:703 We also describe several nanopaper configurations, including cuvettes, plates and spots that we printed or punched on BC. 26135050 5 55 theme photoluminescent 1116:1131 arg1 properties 1133:1142 the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties 1099:1142 the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms 1099:1161 We have explored modulation of the plasmonic or photoluminescent properties of these platforms using various model biologically relevant analytes. 26135050 1 56 theme Bacterial 42:50 arg1 material 98:105 a multifunctional material 80:105 a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area 80:373 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 56 theme Bacterial 42:50 arg1 BC 73:74 BC 73:74 BC 73:74 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 1 56 theme Bacterial 42:50 arg1 nanopaper 62:70 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper 42:70 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) 42:75 Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) is a multifunctional material known for numerous desirable properties: sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical transparency, thermal properties, flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, high porosity, broad chemical-modification capabilities and high surface area. 26135050 4 57 theme &SiO2 1047:1051 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles 1034:1065 The platforms include a colorimetric-based sensor based on nanopaper containing embedded silver and gold nanoparticles; a photoluminescent-based sensor, comprising CdSe@ZnS quantum dots conjugated to nanopaper; and a potential up-conversion sensing platform constructed from nanopaper functionalized with NaYF4:Yb(3+)@Er(3+)&SiO2 nanoparticles. 26428144 1 0 theme L. 324:325 arg1 plant 327:331 Lygeum spartum L. plant 309:331 Lygeum spartum L. plant 309:331 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 6 1 theme single 941:946 arg1 test 962:965 the single fiber tensile test 937:965 the single fiber tensile test 937:965 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 2 theme tensile 877:883 arg1 MPa 984:986 280 MPa 980:986 280 MPa 980:986 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 2 theme tensile 877:883 arg1 strength 885:892 tensile strength 877:892 tensile strength 877:892 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 2 theme tensile 877:883 arg1 GPa 975:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 2 theme tensile 877:883 arg1 % 996:996 3.7% 993:996 3.7% 993:996 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 2 theme tensile 877:883 arg1 failure 908:914 strain at failure 898:914 strain at failure 898:914 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 2 theme tensile 877:883 arg1 modulus 868:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 0 3 theme new 228:230 arg1 applications 232:243 new applications 228:243 new applications 228:243 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 4 4 theme cellulose 655:663 arg1 content 665:671 cellulose content 655:671 cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19% 655:706 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 6 5 theme tensile 954:960 arg1 test 962:965 the single fiber tensile test 937:965 the single fiber tensile test 937:965 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 0 6 theme natural 91:97 arg1 fibers 99:104 new natural fibers 87:104 new natural fibers in polymer composites field 87:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 0 7 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Integration 72:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration 54:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 54:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 0 8 theme reinforcements 187:200 arg1 production 165:174 the production 161:174 the production of natural reinforcements 161:200 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 3 9 theme anatomy 515:521 arg1 micrographs 537:547 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs 506:547 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs 506:547 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 4 10 from rich 647:650 arg1 content 665:671 cellulose content 655:671 cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19% 655:706 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 1 11 theme present 253:259 arg1 work 261:264 the present work 249:264 the present work 249:264 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 0 12 theme new 87:89 arg1 fibers 99:104 new natural fibers 87:104 new natural fibers in polymer composites field 87:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 4 13 with content 665:671 arg1 index 692:696 crystallinity index 678:696 crystallinity index of 46.19% 678:706 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 0 14 theme natural 179:185 arg1 reinforcements 187:200 natural reinforcements 179:200 natural reinforcements 179:200 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 5 15 theme activation 825:834 arg1 energy 836:841 apparent activation energy 816:841 apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol 816:857 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 1 16 theme eco-friendly 342:353 arg1 method 355:360 an eco-friendly method 339:360 an eco-friendly method 339:360 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 2 17 theme physico-chemical 382:397 arg1 properties 423:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties 363:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers 363:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 0 18 theme fibers 99:104 arg1 Integration 72:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration 54:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 54:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 5 19 with °C 808:809 arg1 energy 836:841 apparent activation energy 816:841 apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol 816:857 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 3 20 theme stem 510:513 arg1 anatomy 515:521 stem anatomy 510:521 stem anatomy 510:521 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 2 21 theme spartum 440:446 arg1 fibers 451:456 L. spartum L. fibers 437:456 L. spartum L. fibers 437:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 5 22 theme thermogravimetric 713:729 arg1 analysis 731:738 The thermogravimetric analysis 709:738 The thermogravimetric analysis 709:738 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 4 23 theme % 706:706 arg1 index 692:696 crystallinity index 678:696 crystallinity index of 46.19% 678:706 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 6 24 theme Young 860:864 arg1 MPa 984:986 280 MPa 980:986 280 MPa 980:986 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 24 theme Young 860:864 arg1 strength 885:892 tensile strength 877:892 tensile strength 877:892 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 24 theme Young 860:864 arg1 GPa 975:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 24 theme Young 860:864 arg1 % 996:996 3.7% 993:996 3.7% 993:996 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 24 theme Young 860:864 arg1 failure 908:914 strain at failure 898:914 strain at failure 898:914 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 24 theme Young 860:864 arg1 modulus 868:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 2 25 theme morphological 367:379 arg1 properties 423:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties 363:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers 363:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 2 26 theme L. 437:438 arg1 fibers 451:456 L. spartum L. fibers 437:456 L. spartum L. fibers 437:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 0 27 theme natural 24:30 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 20:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 1 28 theme new 267:269 arg1 fibers 282:287 new cellulosic fibers 267:287 new cellulosic fibers 267:287 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 0 29 theme composites 117:126 arg1 field 128:132 polymer composites field 109:132 polymer composites field 109:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 3 30 theme fiber 527:531 arg1 SEM 533:535 fiber SEM 527:535 fiber SEM 527:535 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 2 31 theme mechanical 412:421 arg1 properties 423:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties 363:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers 363:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 0 32 theme new 20:22 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 20:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 1 33 theme cellulosic 271:280 arg1 fibers 282:287 new cellulosic fibers 267:287 new cellulosic fibers 267:287 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 0 34 theme polymer 109:115 arg1 field 128:132 polymer composites field 109:132 polymer composites field 109:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 3 35 theme SEM 533:535 arg1 micrographs 537:547 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs 506:547 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs 506:547 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 2 36 theme fibers 451:456 arg1 properties 423:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties 363:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers 363:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 5 37 theme kJ/mol 852:857 arg1 energy 836:841 apparent activation energy 816:841 apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol 816:857 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 0 38 theme fiber 43:47 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 0:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 0 39 from Integration 72:82 arg1 field 128:132 polymer composites field 109:132 polymer composites field 109:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 0 39 from Integration 72:82 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 20:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 0 39 from Integration 72:82 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 0:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 2 40 theme thermal 400:406 arg1 properties 423:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties 363:432 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers 363:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 0 41 theme cellulosic 32:41 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 20:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 5 42 theme L. 759:760 arg1 fibers 770:775 the L. spartum fibers 755:775 the L. spartum fibers 755:775 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 5 42 theme L. 759:760 arg1 stable 791:796 stable 791:796 stable 791:796 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 2 43 from time 486:489 arg1 paper 499:503 this paper 494:503 this paper 494:503 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 5 44 theme apparent 816:823 arg1 energy 836:841 apparent activation energy 816:841 apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol 816:857 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 0 45 theme Lygeum 54:59 arg1 Integration 72:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration 54:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 54:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 6 46 theme at 905:906 arg1 MPa 984:986 280 MPa 980:986 280 MPa 980:986 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 46 theme at 905:906 arg1 strength 885:892 tensile strength 877:892 tensile strength 877:892 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 46 theme at 905:906 arg1 GPa 975:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 46 theme at 905:906 arg1 % 996:996 3.7% 993:996 3.7% 993:996 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 46 theme at 905:906 arg1 failure 908:914 strain at failure 898:914 strain at failure 898:914 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 46 theme at 905:906 arg1 modulus 868:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 2 47 theme first 480:484 arg1 time 486:489 the first time 476:489 the first time in this paper 476:503 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 4 48 theme crystallinity 678:690 arg1 index 692:696 crystallinity index 678:696 crystallinity index of 46.19% 678:706 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 2 49 theme L. 448:449 arg1 fibers 451:456 L. spartum L. fibers 437:456 L. spartum L. fibers 437:456 The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of L. spartum L. fibers were reported for the first time in this paper. 26428144 6 50 theme strain 898:903 arg1 MPa 984:986 280 MPa 980:986 280 MPa 980:986 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 50 theme strain 898:903 arg1 strength 885:892 tensile strength 877:892 tensile strength 877:892 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 50 theme strain 898:903 arg1 GPa 975:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 13.2 GPa 970:977 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 50 theme strain 898:903 arg1 % 996:996 3.7% 993:996 3.7% 993:996 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 50 theme strain 898:903 arg1 failure 908:914 strain at failure 898:914 strain at failure 898:914 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 50 theme strain 898:903 arg1 modulus 868:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus 860:874 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 3 51 theme strong 558:563 arg1 presence 565:572 a strong presence 556:572 a strong presence of fiber cells 556:587 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 1 52 theme Lygeum 309:314 arg1 plant 327:331 Lygeum spartum L. plant 309:331 Lygeum spartum L. plant 309:331 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 6 53 from failure 908:914 arg1 at 905:906 strain at failure 898:914 strain at failure 898:914 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 6 53 from failure 908:914 arg1 strain 898:903 strain at failure 898:914 strain at failure 898:914 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 0 54 from fibers 99:104 arg1 field 128:132 polymer composites field 109:132 polymer composites field 109:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 6 55 theme fiber 948:952 arg1 test 962:965 the single fiber tensile test 937:965 the single fiber tensile test 937:965 Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at failure were determined from the single fiber tensile test as 13.2 GPa, 280 MPa, and 3.7% respectively. 26428144 0 56 from field 128:132 arg1 Integration 72:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration 54:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 54:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 0 57 theme L. 69:70 arg1 Integration 72:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration 54:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 54:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 3 58 theme fiber 577:581 arg1 cells 583:587 fiber cells 577:587 fiber cells 577:587 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 4 59 theme X-ray 603:607 arg1 analysis 609:616 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis 590:616 analysis 609:616 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 5 60 theme spartum 762:768 arg1 fibers 770:775 the L. spartum fibers 755:775 the L. spartum fibers 755:775 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 5 60 theme spartum 762:768 arg1 stable 791:796 stable 791:796 stable 791:796 The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the L. spartum fibers are thermally stable until 220 °C with apparent activation energy of 68.77 kJ/mol. 26428144 4 61 theme ATR-FTIR 590:597 arg1 analysis 609:616 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis 590:616 analysis 609:616 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 26428144 0 62 theme spartum 61:67 arg1 Integration 72:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration 54:82 Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field 54:132 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Integration of new natural fibers in polymer composites field can contribute to increase the production of natural reinforcements and expand their use into new applications. 26428144 1 63 theme spartum 316:322 arg1 plant 327:331 Lygeum spartum L. plant 309:331 Lygeum spartum L. plant 309:331 In the present work, new cellulosic fibers were extracted from Lygeum spartum L. plant using an eco-friendly method. 26428144 3 64 theme cells 583:587 arg1 presence 565:572 a strong presence 556:572 a strong presence of fiber cells 556:587 The stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. 26428144 4 65 from content 665:671 arg1 rich 647:650 rich 647:650 rich 647:650 ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis proved that these fibers are rich in cellulose content with crystallinity index of 46.19%. 23449680 2 0 theme diol 539:542 arg1 III + poly 527:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly 491:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate) 491:551 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 0 theme diol 539:542 arg1 citrate 544:550 diol citrate 539:550 diol citrate 539:550 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 1 dep I 404:404 arg1 1 387:387 1 387:387 1 387:387 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 1 dep I 404:404 arg1  + Decorin + Aggrecan 599:619  + Decorin + Aggrecan 599:619  + Decorin + Aggrecan 599:619 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 4 2 theme mesenchymal 788:798 arg1 fibroblasts 806:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 4 3 theme palatal 780:786 arg1 fibroblasts 806:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 2 4 theme type 461:464 arg1 I + poly 466:473 (3) Collagen type I + poly 448:473 (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) 448:488 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 4 theme type 461:464 arg1 citrate 481:487 diol citrate 476:487 diol citrate 476:487 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 3 5 dep 600 nm 673:678 arg1 to 670:671 to 670:671 to 670:671 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 1 6 theme chemical 176:183 arg1 properties 200:209 chemical and functional properties 176:209 chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 176:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 5 7 theme force/optical 965:977 arg1 microscope 979:988 a combined atomic force/optical microscope 947:988 a combined atomic force/optical microscope 947:988 Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. 23449680 3 8 theme Fiber 622:626 arg1 sizes 628:632 Fiber sizes 622:632 Fiber sizes for all materials 622:650 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 4 9 theme Human 764:768 arg1 fibroblasts 806:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 7 10 from range 1159:1163 arg1 comparison 1168:1177 comparison 1168:1177 comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1168:1230 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 2 11 theme artery 329:334 arg1 matrix 350:355 artery extracellular matrix 329:355 artery extracellular matrix 329:355 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 3 12 theme % 761:761 arg1 40 = m 728:733 40 = m 728:733 40 = m 728:733 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 3 12 theme % 761:761 arg1 2 735:735 2 735:735 2 735:735 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 3 12 theme % 761:761 arg1 % 761:761 72-84% 756:761 72-84% 756:761 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 4 13 theme study 870:874 arg1 period 876:881 a 7-day study period 862:881 a 7-day study period 862:881 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 0 14 theme arterial 90:97 arg1 repair 99:104 arterial repair 90:104 arterial repair 90:104 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 1 15 with nanofibers 160:169 arg1 properties 200:209 chemical and functional properties 176:209 chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 176:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 2 16 theme type 571:574 arg1 I + poly 576:583 (5) Collagen type I + poly 558:583 (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) 558:598 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 16 theme type 571:574 arg1 citrate 591:597 diol citrate 586:597 diol citrate 586:597 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 8 17 theme diol 1256:1259 arg1 poly 1250:1253 poly 1250:1253 poly (diol citrate) 1250:1268 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 8 17 theme diol 1256:1259 arg1 citrate 1261:1267 diol citrate 1256:1267 diol citrate 1256:1267 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 8 18 theme viscoelastic 1310:1321 arg1 material 1335:1342 a viscoelastic nanofibrous material 1308:1342 a viscoelastic nanofibrous material 1308:1342 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 2 19 dep type 438:441 arg1 2 408:408 2 408:408 2 408:408 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 20 theme Collagen 411:418 arg1 type 438:441 (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III 407:445 (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III 407:445 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 3 21 contain had 702:704 arg1 mats 697:700 random fiber mats 684:700 random fiber mats 684:700 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 3 21 contain had 702:704 arg2 sizes 711:715 pore sizes 706:715 pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84% 706:761 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 3 22 theme fiber 691:695 arg1 mats 697:700 random fiber mats 684:700 random fiber mats 684:700 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 1 23 theme functional 189:198 arg1 properties 200:209 chemical and functional properties 176:209 chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 176:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 5 24 theme Mechanical 884:893 arg1 properties 895:904 Mechanical properties 884:904 Mechanical properties of single fibers 884:921 Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. 23449680 2 25 dep III + poly 527:536 arg1 4 492:492 4 492:492 4 492:492 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 7 26 theme extracellular 1204:1216 arg1 fibers 1225:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 4 27 theme 7-day 864:868 arg1 period 876:881 a 7-day study period 862:881 a 7-day study period 862:881 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 4 28 theme embryonic 770:778 arg1 fibroblasts 806:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 8 29 dep along 1287:1291 arg1 with 1293:1296 with 1293:1296 with 1293:1296 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 8 30 from use 1361:1363 arg1 tissues 1368:1374 tissues 1368:1374 tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required 1368:1445 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 8 30 from use 1361:1363 arg1 artery 1384:1389 artery 1384:1389 artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required 1384:1445 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 1 31 theme consistent 211:220 arg1 properties 200:209 chemical and functional properties 176:209 chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 176:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 0 32 theme electrospun 21:31 arg1 poly 33:36 single electrospun poly 14:36 single electrospun poly (diol citrate) 14:51 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 0 32 theme electrospun 21:31 arg1 citrate 44:50 diol citrate 39:50 diol citrate 39:50 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 2 33 theme type 504:507 arg1 III + poly 527:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly 491:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate) 491:551 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 33 theme type 504:507 arg1 citrate 544:550 diol citrate 539:550 diol citrate 539:550 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 34 theme Collagen 562:569 arg1 I + poly 576:583 (5) Collagen type I + poly 558:583 (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) 558:598 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 34 theme Collagen 562:569 arg1 citrate 591:597 diol citrate 586:597 diol citrate 586:597 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 3 35 from porosities 742:751 arg1 sizes 711:715 pore sizes 706:715 pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84% 706:761 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 8 36 theme nanofibrous 1323:1333 arg1 material 1335:1342 a viscoelastic nanofibrous material 1308:1342 a viscoelastic nanofibrous material 1308:1342 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 2 37 theme type 420:423 arg1 type 438:441 (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III 407:445 (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III 407:445 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 38 theme I + Collagen 425:436 arg1 type 438:441 (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III 407:445 (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III 407:445 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 39 theme Collagen 495:502 arg1 III + poly 527:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly 491:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate) 491:551 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 39 theme Collagen 495:502 arg1 citrate 544:550 diol citrate 539:550 diol citrate 539:550 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 3 40 from 40 = m 728:733 arg1 sizes 711:715 pore sizes 706:715 pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84% 706:761 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 2 41 theme extracellular 336:348 arg1 matrix 350:355 artery extracellular matrix 329:355 artery extracellular matrix 329:355 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 1 42 theme artery 227:232 arg1 nanofibers 255:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 2 43 theme Collagen 452:459 arg1 I + poly 466:473 (3) Collagen type I + poly 448:473 (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) 448:488 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 43 theme Collagen 452:459 arg1 citrate 481:487 diol citrate 476:487 diol citrate 476:487 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 7 44 theme matrix 1218:1223 arg1 fibers 1225:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 0 45 from nanofibers 75:84 arg1 applications 113:124 applications 113:124 applications requiring viscoelasticity 113:150 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 5 46 theme single 909:914 arg1 fibers 916:921 single fibers 909:921 single fibers 909:921 Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. 23449680 2 47 theme type 399:402 arg1 I 404:404 (1) Collagen type I 386:404 (1) Collagen type I 386:404 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 1 48 theme extracellular 234:246 arg1 nanofibers 255:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 0 49 theme poly 33:36 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate) 0:51 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 7 50 theme Maximum 1122:1128 arg1 stress 1130:1135 Maximum stress 1122:1135 Maximum stress 1122:1135 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 5 51 theme fibers 916:921 arg1 properties 895:904 Mechanical properties 884:904 Mechanical properties of single fibers 884:921 Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. 23449680 1 52 theme matrix 248:253 arg1 nanofibers 255:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 2 53 dep I + poly 466:473 arg1 3 449:449 3 449:449 3 449:449 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 7 54 theme functional 1148:1157 arg1 range 1159:1163 functional range 1148:1163 functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1148:1230 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 4 55 theme cells 800:804 arg1 fibroblasts 806:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts 764:816 Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. 23449680 7 56 theme decellularized 1182:1195 arg1 fibers 1225:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 0 57 theme diol 39:42 arg1 poly 33:36 single electrospun poly 14:36 single electrospun poly (diol citrate) 14:51 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 0 57 theme diol 39:42 arg1 citrate 44:50 diol citrate 39:50 diol citrate 39:50 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 3 58 theme random 684:689 arg1 mats 697:700 random fiber mats 684:700 random fiber mats 684:700 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 1 59 with consistent 211:220 arg1 nanofibers 255:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 227:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 6 60 contain containing 1001:1010 arg2 citrate 1023:1029 diol citrate 1018:1029 diol citrate 1018:1029 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 6 60 contain containing 1001:1010 arg2 poly 1012:1015 poly 1012:1015 poly (diol citrate) 1012:1030 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 6 60 contain containing 1001:1010 arg1 Materials 991:999 Materials 991:999 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) 991:1030 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 3 61 dep 40 = m 728:733 arg1 to 725:726 to 725:726 to 725:726 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 7 62 theme artery 1197:1202 arg1 fibers 1225:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers 1182:1230 Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. 23449680 2 63 theme diol 586:589 arg1 I + poly 576:583 (5) Collagen type I + poly 558:583 (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) 558:598 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 63 theme diol 586:589 arg1 citrate 591:597 diol citrate 586:597 diol citrate 586:597 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 64 theme type 522:525 arg1 III + poly 527:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly 491:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate) 491:551 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 64 theme type 522:525 arg1 citrate 544:550 diol citrate 539:550 diol citrate 539:550 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 1 65 theme Single 153:158 arg1 nanofibers 160:169 Single nanofibers 153:169 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers 153:264 Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. 23449680 2 66 theme weight 306:311 arg1 ratios 313:318 Using weight ratios 300:318 Using weight ratios 300:318 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 67 theme I + Collagen 509:520 arg1 III + poly 527:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly 491:536 (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate) 491:551 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 67 theme I + Collagen 509:520 arg1 citrate 544:550 diol citrate 539:550 diol citrate 539:550 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 5 68 theme combined 949:956 arg1 microscope 979:988 a combined atomic force/optical microscope 947:988 a combined atomic force/optical microscope 947:988 Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. 23449680 2 69 theme Using 300:304 arg1 ratios 313:318 Using weight ratios 300:318 Using weight ratios 300:318 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 6 70 dep showed 1032:1037 arg1 increased 1050:1058 increased 1050:1058 showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate) 1032:1119 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 2 71 theme diol 476:479 arg1 I + poly 466:473 (3) Collagen type I + poly 448:473 (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) 448:488 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 2 71 theme diol 476:479 arg1 citrate 481:487 diol citrate 476:487 diol citrate 476:487 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 5 72 theme atomic 958:963 arg1 microscope 979:988 a combined atomic force/optical microscope 947:988 a combined atomic force/optical microscope 947:988 Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. 23449680 6 73 theme diol 1107:1110 arg1 citrate 1112:1118 diol citrate 1107:1118 diol citrate 1107:1118 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 6 73 theme diol 1107:1110 arg1 poly 1101:1104 poly 1101:1104 poly (diol citrate) 1101:1119 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 2 74 theme Collagen 390:397 arg1 I 404:404 (1) Collagen type I 386:404 (1) Collagen type I 386:404 Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. 23449680 3 75 theme pore 706:709 arg1 sizes 711:715 pore sizes 706:715 pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84% 706:761 Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. 23449680 6 76 theme diol 1018:1021 arg1 poly 1012:1015 poly 1012:1015 poly (diol citrate) 1012:1030 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 6 76 theme diol 1018:1021 arg1 citrate 1023:1029 diol citrate 1018:1029 diol citrate 1018:1029 Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). 23449680 8 77 theme tensile 1417:1423 arg1 strength 1425:1432 tensile strength 1417:1432 tensile strength 1417:1432 By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required. 23449680 0 78 theme single 14:19 arg1 poly 33:36 single electrospun poly 14:36 single electrospun poly (diol citrate) 14:51 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 23449680 0 78 theme single 14:19 arg1 citrate 44:50 diol citrate 39:50 diol citrate 39:50 Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity. 29050618 0 0 theme microfluidic 86:97 arg1 biofabrication 99:112 microfluidic biofabrication 86:112 microfluidic biofabrication 86:112 Degradation regulated bioactive hydrogel as the bioink with desirable moldability for microfluidic biofabrication. 29050618 1 1 theme three-dimensional 177:193 arg1 constructs 212:221 three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs 177:221 three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs 177:221 Bioink development is vital in biofabriacation for generating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs. 29050618 7 2 from engineering 1135:1145 arg1 applications 1112:1123 applications 1112:1123 applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation 1112:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 2 from engineering 1135:1145 arg1 variety 1101:1107 a variety 1099:1107 a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation 1099:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 3 theme applications 1112:1123 arg1 applications 1112:1123 applications 1112:1123 applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation 1112:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 3 theme applications 1112:1123 arg1 variety 1101:1107 a variety 1099:1107 a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation 1099:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 5 4 theme lyase 820:824 arg1 content 826:832 proper lyase content 813:832 proper lyase content 813:832 Results showed that bioink with proper lyase content exhibited desirable modability and cytocompatibility. 29050618 6 5 theme osteon-like 904:914 arg1 microfibers 916:926 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers 888:926 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers 888:926 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers were engineered with the microfluidic device and diverse complex 3D constructs were also successfully assembled. 29050618 3 6 theme engineered 658:667 arg1 tissue 669:674 engineered tissue 658:674 engineered tissue 658:674 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 2 7 theme moldability 308:318 arg1 requirements 287:298 the requirements 283:298 the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly 283:432 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 2 8 theme mechanical 338:347 arg1 properties 349:358 initially strong mechanical properties 321:358 initially strong mechanical properties 321:358 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 2 9 theme good 303:306 arg1 moldability 308:318 good moldability 303:318 good moldability 303:318 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 3 10 theme hydrogels 543:551 arg1 bioactivity 528:538 the bioactivity 524:538 the bioactivity of hydrogels 524:551 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 3 11 theme cell 594:597 arg1 proliferation 599:611 cell proliferation 594:611 cell proliferation 594:611 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 1 12 theme tissue-like 200:210 arg1 constructs 212:221 three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs 177:221 three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs 177:221 Bioink development is vital in biofabriacation for generating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs. 29050618 2 13 dep cell 399:402 arg1 vitality 404:411 vitality 404:411 vitality 404:411 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 3 14 theme biocompatible 490:502 arg1 degradation 458:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 3 14 theme biocompatible 490:502 arg1 approach 504:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach 473:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue 473:674 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 1 15 from biofabriacation 146:160 arg1 vital 137:141 vital 137:141 vital 137:141 Bioink development is vital in biofabriacation for generating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs. 29050618 1 16 dep three-dimensional 177:193 arg1 3D 196:197 3D 196:197 3D 196:197 Bioink development is vital in biofabriacation for generating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs. 29050618 2 17 theme further 417:423 arg1 assembly 425:432 further assembly 417:432 further assembly 417:432 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 7 18 from applications 1112:1123 arg1 engineering 1135:1145 tissue engineering 1128:1145 tissue engineering 1128:1145 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 18 from applications 1112:1123 arg1 investigation 1162:1174 biomedical investigation 1151:1174 biomedical investigation 1151:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 6 19 theme cell-laden 893:902 arg1 microfibers 916:926 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers 888:926 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers 888:926 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers were engineered with the microfluidic device and diverse complex 3D constructs were also successfully assembled. 29050618 2 20 theme strong 331:336 arg1 properties 349:358 initially strong mechanical properties 321:358 initially strong mechanical properties 321:358 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 3 21 theme efficient 476:484 arg1 degradation 458:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 3 21 theme efficient 476:484 arg1 approach 504:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach 473:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue 473:674 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 7 22 theme great 1082:1086 arg1 promise 1088:1094 great promise 1082:1094 great promise 1082:1094 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 1 23 from vital 137:141 arg1 biofabriacation 146:160 biofabriacation 146:160 biofabriacation 146:160 Bioink development is vital in biofabriacation for generating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs. 29050618 1 24 theme Bioink 115:120 arg1 development 122:132 Bioink development 115:132 Bioink development 115:132 Bioink development is vital in biofabriacation for generating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like constructs. 29050618 7 25 from investigation 1162:1174 arg1 applications 1112:1123 applications 1112:1123 applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation 1112:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 25 from investigation 1162:1174 arg1 variety 1101:1107 a variety 1099:1107 a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation 1099:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 0 26 theme bioactive 22:30 arg1 hydrogel 32:39 bioactive hydrogel 22:39 bioactive hydrogel 22:39 Degradation regulated bioactive hydrogel as the bioink with desirable moldability for microfluidic biofabrication. 29050618 0 26 theme bioactive 22:30 arg1 bioink 48:53 the bioink 44:53 the bioink with desirable moldability for microfluidic biofabrication 44:112 Degradation regulated bioactive hydrogel as the bioink with desirable moldability for microfluidic biofabrication. 29050618 4 27 theme Alginate-GelMA 755:768 arg1 hydrogels 770:778 composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels 745:778 composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels 745:778 Here a novel bioink was designed by introducing alginate lyase into composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels. 29050618 4 28 theme composite 745:753 arg1 hydrogels 770:778 composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels 745:778 composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels 745:778 Here a novel bioink was designed by introducing alginate lyase into composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels. 29050618 4 29 theme alginate 725:732 arg1 lyase 734:738 alginate lyase 725:738 alginate lyase 725:738 Here a novel bioink was designed by introducing alginate lyase into composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels. 29050618 5 30 theme proper 813:818 arg1 content 826:832 proper lyase content 813:832 proper lyase content 813:832 Results showed that bioink with proper lyase content exhibited desirable modability and cytocompatibility. 29050618 6 31 theme 3D 993:994 arg1 constructs 996:1005 diverse complex 3D constructs 977:1005 diverse complex 3D constructs 977:1005 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers were engineered with the microfluidic device and diverse complex 3D constructs were also successfully assembled. 29050618 5 32 with bioink 801:806 arg1 content 826:832 proper lyase content 813:832 proper lyase content 813:832 Results showed that bioink with proper lyase content exhibited desirable modability and cytocompatibility. 29050618 3 33 theme Enzyme-induced 435:448 arg1 degradation 458:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 3 33 theme Enzyme-induced 435:448 arg1 approach 504:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach 473:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue 473:674 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 6 34 theme complex 985:991 arg1 constructs 996:1005 diverse complex 3D constructs 977:1005 diverse complex 3D constructs 977:1005 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers were engineered with the microfluidic device and diverse complex 3D constructs were also successfully assembled. 29050618 2 35 theme bioinks 251:257 arg1 candidates 237:246 potential candidates 227:246 potential candidates of bioinks 227:257 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 2 36 theme bioactivity 374:384 arg1 requirements 287:298 the requirements 283:298 the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly 283:432 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 3 37 theme dynamic 450:456 arg1 degradation 458:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation 435:468 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 3 37 theme dynamic 450:456 arg1 approach 504:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach 473:511 an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue 473:674 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 5 38 dep desirable 844:852 arg1 modability 854:863 modability 854:863 modability 854:863 Results showed that bioink with proper lyase content exhibited desirable modability and cytocompatibility. 29050618 6 39 theme diverse 977:983 arg1 constructs 996:1005 diverse complex 3D constructs 977:1005 diverse complex 3D constructs 977:1005 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers were engineered with the microfluidic device and diverse complex 3D constructs were also successfully assembled. 29050618 3 40 theme tissue 669:674 arg1 functional 631:640 functional 631:640 functional 631:640 Enzyme-induced dynamic degradation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to improve the bioactivity of hydrogels through releasing space continuously for cell proliferation and promoting the functional establishing of engineered tissue. 29050618 2 41 theme prominent 364:372 arg1 bioactivity 374:384 prominent bioactivity 364:384 prominent bioactivity 364:384 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 7 42 theme biomedical 1151:1160 arg1 investigation 1162:1174 biomedical investigation 1151:1174 biomedical investigation 1151:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 2 43 theme potential 227:235 arg1 candidates 237:246 potential candidates 227:246 potential candidates of bioinks 227:257 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 4 44 theme novel 684:688 arg1 bioink 690:695 a novel bioink 682:695 a novel bioink 682:695 Here a novel bioink was designed by introducing alginate lyase into composite Alginate-GelMA hydrogels. 29050618 2 45 theme properties 349:358 arg1 requirements 287:298 the requirements 283:298 the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly 283:432 As potential candidates of bioinks, hydrogels need to meet the requirements of good moldability, initially strong mechanical properties and prominent bioactivity to guarantee cell vitality and further assembly. 29050618 6 46 theme microfluidic 953:964 arg1 device 966:971 the microfluidic device 949:971 the microfluidic device 949:971 Then cell-laden osteon-like microfibers were engineered with the microfluidic device and diverse complex 3D constructs were also successfully assembled. 29050618 0 47 with bioink 48:53 arg1 moldability 70:80 desirable moldability 60:80 desirable moldability 60:80 Degradation regulated bioactive hydrogel as the bioink with desirable moldability for microfluidic biofabrication. 29050618 7 48 from variety 1101:1107 arg1 engineering 1135:1145 tissue engineering 1128:1145 tissue engineering 1128:1145 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 48 from variety 1101:1107 arg1 investigation 1162:1174 biomedical investigation 1151:1174 biomedical investigation 1151:1174 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 7 49 theme degradation-regulated 1046:1066 arg1 bioink 1068:1073 This degradation-regulated bioink 1041:1073 This degradation-regulated bioink 1041:1073 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 29050618 0 50 theme desirable 60:68 arg1 moldability 70:80 desirable moldability 60:80 desirable moldability 60:80 Degradation regulated bioactive hydrogel as the bioink with desirable moldability for microfluidic biofabrication. 29050618 7 51 theme tissue 1128:1133 arg1 engineering 1135:1145 tissue engineering 1128:1145 tissue engineering 1128:1145 This degradation-regulated bioink showed great promise in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical investigation. 25527557 5 0 from galactose 846:854 arg1 rich 838:841 rich 838:841 rich 838:841 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 5 0 from galactose 846:854 arg1 fiber 828:832 The fiber 824:832 The fiber 824:832 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 8 1 dep Lactobacillus 1333:1345 arg1 organisms 1363:1371 organisms 1363:1371 organisms 1363:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 4 2 theme simulated 749:757 arg1 tract 768:772 a simulated upper GI tract 747:772 a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 747:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 6 3 theme inulin 1032:1037 arg1 g/liter 1044:1050 5 g/liter 1042:1050 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber 1042:1077 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 6 3 theme inulin 1032:1037 arg1 Fermentations 1005:1017 Fermentations 1005:1017 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin 1005:1037 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 6 3 theme inulin 1032:1037 arg1 controls 1092:1099 controls 1092:1099 controls 1092:1099 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 9 4 theme Clostridium 1741:1751 arg1 free 1733:1736 free 1733:1736 free 1733:1736 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 3 5 theme prebiotic 482:490 arg1 fiber 492:496 prebiotic fiber 482:496 prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet 482:553 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 1 6 theme leading 155:161 arg1 cause 163:167 a leading cause 153:167 a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide 153:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 1 6 theme leading 155:161 arg1 diarrhea 127:134 Postweaning diarrhea 115:134 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs 115:148 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 4 7 theme GI 765:766 arg1 tract 768:772 a simulated upper GI tract 747:772 a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 747:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 6 8 theme 5 1022:1022 arg1 g/liter 1024:1030 g/liter 1024:1030 g/liter 1024:1030 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 3 9 theme gastrointestinal 513:528 arg1 tract 535:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 4 10 theme matter 816:821 arg1 matter 816:821 the initial dry matter 800:821 the initial dry matter 800:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 4 10 theme matter 816:821 arg1 % 795:795 26.9% 791:795 26.9% of the initial dry matter 791:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 6 11 theme potato 1066:1071 arg1 fiber 1073:1077 a purified potato fiber 1055:1077 a purified potato fiber 1055:1077 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 1 12 theme loss 181:184 arg1 cause 163:167 a leading cause 153:167 a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide 153:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 1 12 theme loss 181:184 arg1 diarrhea 127:134 Postweaning diarrhea 115:134 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs 115:148 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 9 13 theme treatment 1555:1563 arg1 groups 1565:1570 the treatment groups 1551:1570 the treatment groups 1551:1570 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 8 14 theme Deep 1269:1272 arg1 sequencing 1274:1283 Deep sequencing 1269:1283 Deep sequencing 1269:1283 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 7 15 theme acid 1211:1214 arg1 content 1216:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 1 16 theme pork 189:192 arg1 worldwide 205:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 6 17 theme fiber 1073:1077 arg1 g/liter 1044:1050 5 g/liter 1042:1050 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber 1042:1077 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 6 17 theme fiber 1073:1077 arg1 Fermentations 1005:1017 Fermentations 1005:1017 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin 1005:1037 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 6 17 theme fiber 1073:1077 arg1 controls 1092:1099 controls 1092:1099 controls 1092:1099 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 3 18 theme GI 531:532 arg1 tract 535:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 4 19 theme initial 804:810 arg1 matter 816:821 the initial dry matter 800:821 the initial dry matter 800:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 8 20 theme significant 1294:1304 arg1 increase 1306:1313 a significant increase 1292:1313 a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms 1292:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 6 21 theme purified 1057:1064 arg1 fiber 1073:1077 a purified potato fiber 1055:1077 a purified potato fiber 1055:1077 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 8 22 from decrease 1456:1463 arg1 numbers 1322:1328 the numbers 1318:1328 the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms 1318:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 22 from decrease 1456:1463 arg1 numbers 1410:1416 the numbers 1406:1416 the numbers of Clostridium organisms 1406:1441 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 22 from decrease 1456:1463 arg1 numbers 1472:1478 the numbers 1468:1478 the numbers of Streptococcus organisms 1468:1505 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 1 23 from cause 163:167 arg1 worldwide 205:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 7 24 from lactate 1230:1236 arg1 particular 1241:1250 particular 1241:1250 particular 1241:1250 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 2 25 theme current 220:226 arg1 practice 228:235 The current practice 216:235 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD 216:278 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 25527557 2 25 theme current 220:226 arg1 unsustainable 283:295 unsustainable 283:295 unsustainable 283:295 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 25527557 9 26 theme purified 1601:1608 arg1 fiber 1617:1621 purified potato fiber 1601:1621 purified potato fiber 1601:1621 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 1 27 from worldwide 205:213 arg1 cause 163:167 a leading cause 153:167 a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide 153:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 1 27 from worldwide 205:213 arg1 diarrhea 127:134 Postweaning diarrhea 115:134 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs 115:148 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 5 28 theme terminal 989:996 arg1 ileum 998:1002 piglet terminal ileum 982:1002 piglet terminal ileum 982:1002 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 8 29 theme Lactobacillus 1333:1345 arg1 numbers 1322:1328 the numbers 1318:1328 the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms 1318:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 30 theme Veillonella 1351:1361 arg1 numbers 1322:1328 the numbers 1318:1328 the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms 1318:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 4 31 theme waste 700:704 arg1 product 706:712 an industrial waste product 686:712 an industrial waste product 686:712 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 4 31 theme waste 700:704 arg1 pulp 680:683 potato pulp 673:683 potato pulp 673:683 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 0 32 theme galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 87:112 arg1 prebiotics 8:17 In situ prebiotics 0:17 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 0:113 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 32 theme galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 87:112 arg1 fermentation 64:75 fermentation 64:75 fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 64:112 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 32 theme galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 87:112 arg1 production 49:58 in vitro production 40:58 in vitro production 40:58 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 5 33 theme gut 966:968 arg1 contents 970:977 the gut contents 962:977 the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum 962:1002 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 7 34 from increase 1187:1194 arg1 pH 1177:1178 pH 1177:1178 pH 1177:1178 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 7 34 from increase 1187:1194 arg1 content 1216:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 2 35 theme disturbance 358:368 arg1 potential 308:316 the potential 304:316 the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance 304:368 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 25527557 0 36 theme In 0:1 arg1 prebiotics 8:17 In situ prebiotics 0:17 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 0:113 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 36 theme In 0:1 arg1 fermentation 64:75 fermentation 64:75 fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 64:112 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 36 theme In 0:1 arg1 production 49:58 in vitro production 40:58 in vitro production 40:58 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 9 37 theme Multivariate 1508:1519 arg1 analysis 1521:1528 Multivariate analysis 1508:1528 Multivariate analysis 1508:1528 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 9 38 theme other 1656:1660 arg1 groups 1662:1667 the other groups 1652:1667 the other groups 1652:1667 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 8 39 theme insignificant 1380:1392 arg1 increase 1394:1401 an insignificant increase 1377:1401 an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms 1377:1441 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 3 40 theme in 421:422 arg1 model 430:434 an in vitro model 418:434 an in vitro model 418:434 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 4 41 theme enzyme 732:737 arg1 dose 739:742 the minimal enzyme dose 720:742 the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 720:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 0 42 theme weaning 23:29 arg1 piglets 31:37 weaning piglets 23:37 weaning piglets 23:37 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 7 43 theme evident 1141:1147 arg1 fermentability 1125:1138 high fermentability 1120:1138 high fermentability 1120:1138 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 3 44 theme prebiotic 563:571 arg1 activity 573:580 the prebiotic activity 559:580 the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum 559:625 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 8 45 theme Clostridium 1421:1431 arg1 organisms 1433:1441 Clostridium organisms 1421:1441 Clostridium organisms 1421:1441 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 1 46 theme production 194:203 arg1 worldwide 205:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 0 47 dep prebiotics 8:17 arg1 prebiotics 8:17 In situ prebiotics 0:17 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 0:113 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 47 dep prebiotics 8:17 arg1 fermentation 64:75 fermentation 64:75 fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 64:112 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 47 dep prebiotics 8:17 arg1 production 49:58 in vitro production 40:58 in vitro production 40:58 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 3 48 theme resulting 589:597 arg1 fiber 599:603 the resulting fiber 585:603 the resulting fiber 585:603 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 8 49 theme organisms 1497:1505 arg1 numbers 1472:1478 the numbers 1468:1478 the numbers of Streptococcus organisms 1468:1505 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 0 50 dep In 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 9 51 theme Lactobacillus 1708:1720 arg1 composition 1688:1698 the microbiota composition 1673:1698 the microbiota composition 1673:1698 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 9 51 theme Lactobacillus 1708:1720 arg1 % 1706:1706 60% Lactobacillus 1704:1720 60% Lactobacillus 1704:1720 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 2 52 theme antibiotic 321:330 arg1 resistance 332:341 antibiotic resistance 321:341 antibiotic resistance 321:341 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 25527557 5 53 from acid 873:876 arg1 rich 838:841 rich 838:841 rich 838:841 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 5 53 from acid 873:876 arg1 fiber 828:832 The fiber 824:832 The fiber 824:832 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 4 54 theme tract 768:772 arg1 model 774:778 a simulated upper GI tract model 747:778 a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 747:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 3 55 theme terminal 612:619 arg1 ileum 621:625 the terminal ileum 608:625 the terminal ileum 608:625 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 8 56 from increase 1394:1401 arg1 numbers 1322:1328 the numbers 1318:1328 the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms 1318:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 56 from increase 1394:1401 arg1 numbers 1410:1416 the numbers 1406:1416 the numbers of Clostridium organisms 1406:1441 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 56 from increase 1394:1401 arg1 numbers 1472:1478 the numbers 1468:1478 the numbers of Streptococcus organisms 1468:1505 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 6 57 used used 1084:1087 arg2 g/liter 1044:1050 5 g/liter 1042:1050 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber 1042:1077 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 6 57 used used 1084:1087 arg2 controls 1092:1099 controls 1092:1099 controls 1092:1099 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 6 57 used used 1084:1087 arg2 Fermentations 1005:1017 Fermentations 1005:1017 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin 1005:1037 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 3 58 from activity 573:580 arg1 ileum 621:625 the terminal ileum 608:625 the terminal ileum 608:625 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 3 58 from activity 573:580 arg1 tract 535:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 6 59 theme g/liter 1024:1030 arg1 inulin 1032:1037 5 g/liter inulin 1022:1037 5 g/liter inulin 1022:1037 Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. 25527557 10 60 theme animal 1758:1763 arg1 studies 1765:1771 animal studies 1758:1771 animal studies 1758:1771 For animal studies, a dosage corresponding to the 5-g/liter treatment is suggested. 25527557 4 61 theme upper 759:763 arg1 tract 768:772 a simulated upper GI tract 747:772 a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 747:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 1 62 theme economic 172:179 arg1 loss 181:184 economic loss 172:184 economic loss in pork production worldwide 172:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 4 63 theme dry 812:814 arg1 matter 816:821 the initial dry matter 800:821 the initial dry matter 800:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 5 64 theme glucose-free 926:937 arg1 medium 939:944 a glucose-free medium 924:944 a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum 924:1002 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 5 65 from rich 838:841 arg1 galactose 846:854 galactose 846:854 galactose 846:854 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 5 65 from rich 838:841 arg1 acid 873:876 galacturonic acid 860:876 galacturonic acid 860:876 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 9 66 theme groups 1565:1570 arg1 clustering 1537:1546 clustering 1537:1546 clustering of the treatment groups 1537:1570 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 4 67 from dose 739:742 arg1 model 774:778 a simulated upper GI tract model 747:778 a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 747:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 1 68 theme Postweaning 115:125 arg1 cause 163:167 a leading cause 153:167 a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide 153:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 1 68 theme Postweaning 115:125 arg1 PWD 137:139 PWD 137:139 PWD 137:139 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 1 68 theme Postweaning 115:125 arg1 diarrhea 127:134 Postweaning diarrhea 115:134 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs 115:148 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 7 69 theme organic 1203:1209 arg1 content 1216:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 4 70 theme Soluble 628:634 arg1 fiber 636:640 Soluble fiber 628:640 Soluble fiber 628:640 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 10 71 theme 5-g/liter 1804:1812 arg1 treatment 1814:1822 the 5-g/liter treatment 1800:1822 the 5-g/liter treatment 1800:1822 For animal studies, a dosage corresponding to the 5-g/liter treatment is suggested. 25527557 3 72 theme piglet 548:553 arg1 fiber 492:496 prebiotic fiber 482:496 prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet 482:553 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 3 72 theme piglet 548:553 arg1 activity 573:580 the prebiotic activity 559:580 the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum 559:625 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 1 73 from loss 181:184 arg1 worldwide 205:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 pork production worldwide 189:213 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 5 74 theme piglet 982:987 arg1 ileum 998:1002 piglet terminal ileum 982:1002 piglet terminal ileum 982:1002 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 9 75 theme potato 1610:1615 arg1 fiber 1617:1621 purified potato fiber 1601:1621 purified potato fiber 1601:1621 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 3 76 from fiber 492:496 arg1 ileum 621:625 the terminal ileum 608:625 the terminal ileum 608:625 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 3 76 from fiber 492:496 arg1 tract 535:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 509:539 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 0 77 theme potato 80:85 arg1 galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 87:112 potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 80:112 potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan 80:112 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 5 78 theme ileum 998:1002 arg1 contents 970:977 the gut contents 962:977 the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum 962:1002 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 8 79 from increase 1306:1313 arg1 numbers 1322:1328 the numbers 1318:1328 the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms 1318:1371 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 79 from increase 1306:1313 arg1 numbers 1410:1416 the numbers 1406:1416 the numbers of Clostridium organisms 1406:1441 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 8 79 from increase 1306:1313 arg1 numbers 1472:1478 the numbers 1468:1478 the numbers of Streptococcus organisms 1468:1505 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 5 80 theme galacturonic 860:871 arg1 acid 873:876 galacturonic acid 860:876 galacturonic acid 860:876 The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. 25527557 4 81 theme industrial 689:698 arg1 product 706:712 an industrial waste product 686:712 an industrial waste product 686:712 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 4 81 theme industrial 689:698 arg1 pulp 680:683 potato pulp 673:683 potato pulp 673:683 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 7 82 theme dose-dependent 1154:1167 arg1 drop 1169:1172 a dose-dependent drop 1152:1172 a dose-dependent drop in pH 1152:1178 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 2 83 theme ecological 347:356 arg1 disturbance 358:368 ecological disturbance 347:368 ecological disturbance 347:368 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 25527557 1 84 from diarrhea 127:134 arg1 pigs 145:148 pigs 145:148 pigs 145:148 Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. 25527557 4 85 theme potato 673:678 arg1 product 706:712 an industrial waste product 686:712 an industrial waste product 686:712 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 4 85 theme potato 673:678 arg1 pulp 680:683 potato pulp 673:683 potato pulp 673:683 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 0 86 dep in 40:41 arg1 vitro 43:47 vitro 43:47 vitro 43:47 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 4 87 theme minimal 724:730 arg1 dose 739:742 the minimal enzyme dose 720:742 the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter 720:821 Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. 25527557 2 88 theme novel 375:379 arg1 methods 381:387 novel methods 375:387 novel methods 375:387 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 25527557 0 89 theme in 40:41 arg1 prebiotics 8:17 In situ prebiotics 0:17 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 0:113 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 0 89 theme in 40:41 arg1 production 49:58 in vitro production 40:58 in vitro production 40:58 In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. 25527557 7 90 theme high 1120:1123 arg1 fermentability 1125:1138 high fermentability 1120:1138 high fermentability 1120:1138 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 9 91 theme microbiota 1677:1686 arg1 composition 1688:1698 the microbiota composition 1673:1698 the microbiota composition 1673:1698 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 9 91 theme microbiota 1677:1686 arg1 % 1706:1706 60% Lactobacillus 1704:1720 60% Lactobacillus 1704:1720 Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. 25527557 8 92 theme organisms 1433:1441 arg1 numbers 1410:1416 the numbers 1406:1416 the numbers of Clostridium organisms 1406:1441 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 3 93 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 fiber 492:496 prebiotic fiber 482:496 prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet 482:553 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 3 93 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 activity 573:580 the prebiotic activity 559:580 the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum 559:625 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 3 94 used used 440:443 arg2 model 430:434 an in vitro model 418:434 an in vitro model 418:434 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 8 95 theme Streptococcus 1483:1495 arg1 organisms 1497:1505 Streptococcus organisms 1483:1505 Streptococcus organisms 1483:1505 Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. 25527557 3 96 dep in 421:422 arg1 vitro 424:428 vitro 424:428 vitro 424:428 In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. 25527557 7 97 from drop 1169:1172 arg1 pH 1177:1178 pH 1177:1178 pH 1177:1178 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 7 97 from drop 1169:1172 arg1 content 1216:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 the organic acid content 1199:1222 The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. 25527557 2 98 theme resistance 332:341 arg1 potential 308:316 the potential 304:316 the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance 304:368 The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. 29133102 3 0 theme crystalline 514:524 arg1 cellulose 526:534 highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) 507:558 highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) 507:558 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 7 1 theme biomedical 1306:1315 arg1 applications 1317:1328 other biomedical applications 1300:1328 other biomedical applications 1300:1328 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 3 2 theme cellulose 526:534 arg1 transformation 489:502 the transformation 485:502 the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) 485:558 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 6 3 theme cellulose 1127:1135 arg1 suspensions 1149:1159 the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions 1115:1159 the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions 1115:1159 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 7 4 theme biocompatible 1231:1243 arg1 composite 1263:1271 a biocompatible and biodegradable composite 1229:1271 a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications 1229:1328 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 1 5 theme extraction 267:276 arg1 method 257:262 the conventional method 240:262 the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample 240:315 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 5 6 theme 12.67±2.69 815:824 arg1 length 805:810 length 805:810 length 805:810 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 6 theme 12.67±2.69 815:824 arg1 thickness 791:799 mean thickness 786:799 mean thickness 786:799 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 4 7 theme w/w 657:659 arg1 1h 674:675 1h 674:675 1h 674:675 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 7 theme w/w 657:659 arg1 55°C 668:671 55°C 668:671 55°C 668:671 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 7 theme w/w 657:659 arg1 10mL/g 678:683 10mL/g 678:683 10mL/g 678:683 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 7 theme w/w 657:659 arg1 % 655:655 60% w/w H2SO4 653:665 60% w/w H2SO4 653:665 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 5 8 theme cellulose 865:873 arg1 nanocrystal 875:885 cellulose nanocrystal II 865:888 cellulose nanocrystal II 865:888 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 4 9 dep hydrolyzed 641:650 arg1 1h 674:675 1h 674:675 1h 674:675 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 9 dep hydrolyzed 641:650 arg1 55°C 668:671 55°C 668:671 55°C 668:671 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 9 dep hydrolyzed 641:650 arg1 10mL/g 678:683 10mL/g 678:683 10mL/g 678:683 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 9 dep hydrolyzed 641:650 arg1 % 655:655 60% w/w H2SO4 653:665 60% w/w H2SO4 653:665 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 7 10 theme biodegradable 1249:1261 arg1 composite 1263:1271 a biocompatible and biodegradable composite 1229:1271 a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications 1229:1328 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 3 11 theme Direct 446:451 arg1 mercerization 453:465 Direct mercerization 446:465 Direct mercerization of raw CF 446:475 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 5 12 contain have 779:782 arg2 length 805:810 length 805:810 length 805:810 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 12 contain have 779:782 arg2 thickness 791:799 mean thickness 786:799 mean thickness 786:799 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 12 contain have 779:782 arg1 nanocrystal 749:759 Cellulose nanocrystal I 739:761 Cellulose nanocrystal I 739:761 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 13 theme mean 786:789 arg1 thickness 791:799 mean thickness 786:799 mean thickness 786:799 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 14 contain has 890:892 arg1 nanocrystal 875:885 cellulose nanocrystal II 865:888 cellulose nanocrystal II 865:888 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 14 contain has 890:892 arg2 thickness 901:909 mean thickness 896:909 mean thickness 896:909 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 14 contain has 890:892 arg2 length 915:920 length 915:920 length 915:920 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 6 15 theme mat 995:997 arg1 assembly 999:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 6 15 theme mat 995:997 arg1 structure 1051:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 5 16 theme Cellulose 739:747 arg1 nanocrystal 749:759 Cellulose nanocrystal I 739:761 Cellulose nanocrystal I 739:761 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 1 17 theme direct 282:287 arg1 mercerization 289:301 direct mercerization 282:301 direct mercerization 282:301 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 3 18 dep cellulose 526:534 arg1 I 536:536 I 536:536 I 536:536 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 3 18 dep cellulose 526:534 arg1 % 543:543 81.3% 539:543 81.3% 539:543 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 6 19 theme fiber-like 984:993 arg1 assembly 999:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 6 19 theme fiber-like 984:993 arg1 structure 1051:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 0 20 theme cellulose 25:33 arg1 nanocrystals 35:46 bioactive cellulose nanocrystals 15:46 bioactive cellulose nanocrystals 15:46 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 1 21 theme mercerization 289:301 arg1 method 257:262 the conventional method 240:262 the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample 240:315 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 0 22 theme biomedical 132:141 arg1 applications 143:154 biomedical applications 132:154 biomedical applications 132:154 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 23 dep polymorphs 80:89 arg1 I 91:91 I 91:91 I 91:91 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 23 dep polymorphs 80:89 arg1 polymorphs 80:89 dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II 61:98 dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II 61:98 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 23 dep polymorphs 80:89 arg1 II 97:98 II 97:98 II 97:98 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 5 24 dep thickness 791:799 arg1 a 784:784 a 784:784 a 784:784 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 1 25 theme Capsosiphon 206:216 arg1 fulvescens 218:227 Capsosiphon fulvescens 206:227 Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) 206:232 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 1 25 theme Capsosiphon 206:216 arg1 CF 230:231 CF 230:231 CF 230:231 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 0 26 theme bioactive 15:23 arg1 nanocrystals 35:46 bioactive cellulose nanocrystals 15:46 bioactive cellulose nanocrystals 15:46 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 5 27 theme mean 896:899 arg1 thickness 901:909 mean thickness 896:909 mean thickness 896:909 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 7 28 theme possible 1181:1188 arg1 application 1190:1200 A possible application 1179:1200 A possible application of this material 1179:1217 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 1 29 theme raw 306:308 arg1 sample 310:315 raw sample 306:315 raw sample 306:315 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 6 30 theme support 1043:1049 arg1 assembly 999:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 6 30 theme support 1043:1049 arg1 structure 1051:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 5 31 theme 15.58±2.85 925:934 arg1 length 915:920 length 915:920 length 915:920 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 31 theme 15.58±2.85 925:934 arg1 thickness 901:909 mean thickness 896:909 mean thickness 896:909 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 4 32 theme derived 609:615 arg1 cellulose 617:625 The derived cellulose I and II 605:634 The derived cellulose I and II 605:634 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 0 33 theme nanocrystals 35:46 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals 0:46 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 1 34 theme sample 310:315 arg1 extraction 267:276 extraction 267:276 extraction 267:276 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 1 34 theme sample 310:315 arg1 mercerization 289:301 direct mercerization 282:301 direct mercerization 282:301 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 3 35 theme patterns 595:602 arg1 shifting 579:586 the shifting 575:586 the shifting of XRD patterns 575:602 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 5 36 theme 78.09±18.22nm 940:952 arg1 length 915:920 length 915:920 length 915:920 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 36 theme 78.09±18.22nm 940:952 arg1 thickness 901:909 mean thickness 896:909 mean thickness 896:909 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 3 37 theme raw 470:472 arg1 CF 474:475 raw CF 470:475 raw CF 470:475 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 0 38 theme dominant 61:68 arg1 I 91:91 I 91:91 I 91:91 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 38 theme dominant 61:68 arg1 polymorphs 80:89 dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II 61:98 dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II 61:98 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 38 theme dominant 61:68 arg1 II 97:98 II 97:98 II 97:98 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 1 39 attach isolated 192:199 arg1 fulvescens 218:227 Capsosiphon fulvescens 206:227 Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) 206:232 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 1 39 attach isolated 192:199 arg1 CF 230:231 CF 230:231 CF 230:231 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 1 39 attach isolated 192:199 arg2 Cellulose 157:165 Cellulose I and II polymorphs 157:185 Cellulose 157:165 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 1 39 attach isolated 192:199 arg2 polymorphs 176:185 Cellulose I and II polymorphs 157:185 polymorphs 176:185 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29133102 2 40 theme structural 354:363 arg1 differences 365:375 The morphological and structural differences 332:375 The morphological and structural differences between the isolated polymorphs 332:407 The morphological and structural differences between the isolated polymorphs were studied by FTIR, FESEM and XRD. 29133102 6 41 theme tissue 1065:1070 arg1 engineering 1072:1082 tissue engineering 1065:1082 tissue engineering 1065:1082 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 5 42 dep thickness 901:909 arg1 a 894:894 a 894:894 a 894:894 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 4 43 dep cellulose 617:625 arg1 I 627:627 I 627:627 I 627:627 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 43 dep cellulose 617:625 arg1 II 633:634 II 633:634 II 633:634 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 44 theme spindle-shaped 700:713 arg1 nanocrystals 725:736 the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals 696:736 the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals 696:736 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 4 45 link derived 609:615 arg1 cellulose 617:625 The derived cellulose I and II 605:634 The derived cellulose I and II 605:634 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 6 46 used used 1024:1027 arg2 structure 1051:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 6 46 used used 1024:1027 arg2 assembly 999:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 2 47 theme morphological 336:348 arg1 differences 365:375 The morphological and structural differences 332:375 The morphological and structural differences between the isolated polymorphs 332:407 The morphological and structural differences between the isolated polymorphs were studied by FTIR, FESEM and XRD. 29133102 3 48 dep I 536:536 arg1 to 546:547 to 546:547 to 546:547 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 3 48 dep I 536:536 arg1 II 549:550 II 549:550 II 549:550 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 3 48 dep I 536:536 arg1 % 557:557 63.7% 553:557 63.7% 553:557 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 5 49 theme 92.31±21.31nm 830:842 arg1 length 805:810 length 805:810 length 805:810 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 5 49 theme 92.31±21.31nm 830:842 arg1 thickness 791:799 mean thickness 786:799 mean thickness 786:799 Cellulose nanocrystal I was observed to have a mean thickness and length of 12.67±2.69 and 92.31±21.31nm, respectively; while cellulose nanocrystal II has a mean thickness and length of 15.58±2.85 and 78.09±18.22nm, respectively. 29133102 3 50 theme XRD 591:593 arg1 patterns 595:602 XRD patterns 591:602 XRD patterns 591:602 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 7 51 theme material 1210:1217 arg1 application 1190:1200 A possible application 1179:1200 A possible application of this material 1179:1217 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 6 52 theme supplement 1032:1041 arg1 assembly 999:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 a fiber-like mat assembly 982:1006 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 6 52 theme supplement 1032:1041 arg1 structure 1051:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 supplement support structure 1032:1059 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 6 53 theme aqueous 1119:1125 arg1 suspensions 1149:1159 the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions 1115:1159 the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions 1115:1159 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 3 54 theme CF 474:475 arg1 mercerization 453:465 Direct mercerization 446:465 Direct mercerization of raw CF 446:475 Direct mercerization of raw CF yielded the transformation of highly crystalline cellulose I (81.3%) to II (63.7%) as observed in the shifting of XRD patterns. 29133102 2 55 theme isolated 389:396 arg1 polymorphs 398:407 the isolated polymorphs 385:407 the isolated polymorphs 385:407 The morphological and structural differences between the isolated polymorphs were studied by FTIR, FESEM and XRD. 29133102 7 56 theme tissue 1277:1282 arg1 engineering 1284:1294 tissue engineering 1277:1294 tissue engineering 1277:1294 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 0 57 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 I 91:91 I 91:91 I 91:91 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 57 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 polymorphs 80:89 dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II 61:98 dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II 61:98 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 0 57 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 II 97:98 II 97:98 II 97:98 Development of bioactive cellulose nanocrystals derived from dominant cellulose polymorphs I and II from Capsosiphon Fulvescens for biomedical applications. 29133102 7 58 theme other 1300:1304 arg1 applications 1317:1328 other biomedical applications 1300:1328 other biomedical applications 1300:1328 A possible application of this material can be as a biocompatible and biodegradable composite for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. 29133102 4 59 theme cellulose 715:723 arg1 nanocrystals 725:736 the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals 696:736 the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals 696:736 The derived cellulose I and II were hydrolyzed (60% w/w H2SO4, 55°C, 1h, 10mL/g) to obtain the spindle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals. 29133102 6 60 theme nanocrystal 1137:1147 arg1 suspensions 1149:1159 the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions 1115:1159 the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions 1115:1159 Furthermore, a fiber-like mat assembly, which could be used as supplement support structure for tissue engineering, was obtained after subjecting the aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions to freeze-drying. 29133102 1 61 theme conventional 244:255 arg1 method 257:262 the conventional method 240:262 the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample 240:315 Cellulose I and II polymorphs were isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) using the conventional method of extraction and direct mercerization of raw sample, respectively. 29030197 0 0 theme tissue 111:116 arg1 engineering 118:128 cartilage tissue engineering 101:128 cartilage tissue engineering 101:128 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 5 1 theme swelling 902:909 arg1 ratio 911:915 swelling ratio 902:915 swelling ratio 902:915 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 7 2 theme prominent 1224:1232 arg1 biodegradability 1234:1249 the most prominent biodegradability 1215:1249 the most prominent biodegradability 1215:1249 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 7 3 theme pyrrole 1163:1169 arg1 ratio 1189:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio 1163:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1163:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 6 4 from increase 964:971 arg1 content 989:995 oligopyrrole content 976:995 oligopyrrole content 976:995 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 7 5 theme oligomer 1171:1178 arg1 ratio 1189:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio 1163:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1163:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 0 6 theme cartilage 101:109 arg1 engineering 118:128 cartilage tissue engineering 101:128 cartilage tissue engineering 101:128 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 6 7 theme gelation 1044:1051 arg1 time 1053:1056 gelation time 1044:1056 gelation time 1044:1056 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 5 8 theme different 771:779 arg1 concentrations 781:794 different concentrations 771:794 different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 771:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 7 9 theme electroactive 1354:1366 arg1 composition 1377:1387 the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition 1342:1387 the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work 1342:1400 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 7 9 theme electroactive 1354:1366 arg1 sample 1151:1156 the sample 1147:1156 the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1147:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 2 10 attach removed 287:293 arg1 body 300:303 body 300:303 body 300:303 However, these polymers are non-degradable and cannot be removed from body. 29030197 2 10 attach removed 287:293 arg2 polymers 245:252 these polymers 239:252 these polymers 239:252 However, these polymers are non-degradable and cannot be removed from body. 29030197 1 11 contain containing 155:164 arg2 polymers 177:184 conductive polymers 166:184 conductive polymers 166:184 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers can promote tissue repair and regeneration. 29030197 1 11 contain containing 155:164 arg1 scaffolds 145:153 Electroactive scaffolds 131:153 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers 131:184 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers can promote tissue repair and regeneration. 29030197 5 12 theme different 682:690 arg1 compositions 692:703 three different compositions 676:703 three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 676:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 7 13 with sample 1151:1156 arg1 ratio 1189:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio 1163:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1163:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 3 14 theme pyrrole 424:430 arg1 oligomers 432:440 pyrrole oligomers 424:440 pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 424:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 7 15 theme optimal 1346:1352 arg1 composition 1377:1387 the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition 1342:1387 the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work 1342:1400 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 7 15 theme optimal 1346:1352 arg1 sample 1151:1156 the sample 1147:1156 the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1147:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 6 16 dep time 1053:1056 arg1 time 1104:1107 time 1104:1107 time 1104:1107 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 3 17 theme electroactive 390:402 arg1 hydrogel 404:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel 371:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 371:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 4 18 theme pyrrole 544:550 arg1 oligomers 552:560 pyrrole oligomers 544:560 pyrrole oligomers 544:560 First, pyrrole oligomers were synthesized via chemical polymerization and were found to be amorphous with a non-globular morphology. 29030197 5 19 theme injectable 708:717 arg1 hydrogels 750:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels 708:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 708:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 7 20 from composition 1377:1387 arg1 work 1397:1400 this work 1392:1400 this work 1392:1400 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 5 21 dep In 918:919 arg1 vitro 921:925 vitro 921:925 vitro 921:925 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 5 22 theme In 918:919 arg1 biodegradation 927:940 In vitro biodegradation 918:940 In vitro biodegradation 918:940 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 7 23 theme size 1312:1315 arg1 values 1317:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 5 24 theme chitosan/beta 719:731 arg1 hydrogels 750:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels 708:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 708:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 4 25 with amorphous 628:636 arg1 morphology 658:667 a non-globular morphology 643:667 a non-globular morphology 643:667 First, pyrrole oligomers were synthesized via chemical polymerization and were found to be amorphous with a non-globular morphology. 29030197 7 26 theme pore 1307:1310 arg1 size 1312:1315 pore size 1307:1315 pore size 1307:1315 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 7 27 theme ratio 1297:1301 arg1 values 1317:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 6 28 theme pore 1019:1022 arg1 size 1024:1027 decreased pore size 1009:1027 decreased pore size 1009:1027 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 5 29 theme glycerophosphate 733:748 arg1 hydrogels 750:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels 708:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 708:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 0 30 theme Green 0:4 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Green synthesis 0:14 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 0:86 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 7 31 theme electro-activity 1270:1285 arg1 values 1317:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 5 32 theme hydrogels 750:758 arg1 compositions 692:703 three different compositions 676:703 three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 676:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 7 33 theme biodegradability 1234:1249 arg1 values 1317:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 0 34 theme degradable 19:28 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 5 35 theme gelation 946:953 arg1 time 955:958 gelation time 946:958 gelation time 946:958 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 3 36 contain possessed 448:456 arg1 oligomers 432:440 pyrrole oligomers 424:440 pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 424:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 3 36 contain possessed 448:456 arg2 properties 469:478 the unique properties 458:478 the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 458:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 1 37 theme Electroactive 131:143 arg1 scaffolds 145:153 Electroactive scaffolds 131:153 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers 131:184 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers can promote tissue repair and regeneration. 29030197 7 38 theme swelling 1288:1295 arg1 ratio 1297:1301 swelling ratio 1288:1301 swelling ratio 1288:1301 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 4 39 theme non-globular 645:656 arg1 morphology 658:667 a non-globular morphology 643:667 a non-globular morphology 643:667 First, pyrrole oligomers were synthesized via chemical polymerization and were found to be amorphous with a non-globular morphology. 29030197 7 40 theme 0.1 1198:1200 arg1 ratio 1189:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio 1163:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1163:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 6 41 theme decreased 1009:1017 arg1 size 1024:1027 decreased pore size 1009:1027 decreased pore size 1009:1027 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 0 42 theme thermosensitive 41:55 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 7 43 theme chitosan 1180:1187 arg1 ratio 1189:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio 1163:1193 pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1163:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 0 44 theme conductive 30:39 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 5 45 theme chemical 856:863 arg1 structure 865:873 chemical structure 856:873 chemical structure 856:873 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 3 46 theme unique 462:467 arg1 properties 469:478 the unique properties 458:478 the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 458:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 5 47 theme pyrrole 799:805 arg1 oligomers 807:815 pyrrole oligomers 799:815 pyrrole oligomers 799:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 3 48 theme injectable 379:388 arg1 hydrogel 404:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel 371:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 371:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 0 49 theme oligopyrrole/chitosan 57:77 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 19:86 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 5 50 theme oligomers 807:815 arg1 concentrations 781:794 different concentrations 771:794 different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 771:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 6 51 theme oligopyrrole 976:987 arg1 content 989:995 oligopyrrole content 976:995 oligopyrrole content 976:995 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 1 52 theme conductive 166:175 arg1 polymers 177:184 conductive polymers 166:184 conductive polymers 166:184 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers can promote tissue repair and regeneration. 29030197 6 53 theme swelling 1059:1066 arg1 ratio 1068:1072 swelling ratio 1059:1072 swelling ratio 1059:1072 An increase in oligopyrrole content resulted in decreased pore size, and increased gelation time, swelling ratio, conductivity and degradation time. 29030197 3 54 theme conductive 337:346 arg1 polymers 348:355 conductive polymers 337:355 conductive polymers 337:355 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 7 55 theme biocompatibility 1252:1267 arg1 values 1317:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values 1215:1322 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 3 56 contain containing 413:422 arg1 hydrogel 404:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel 371:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 371:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 3 56 contain containing 413:422 arg2 oligomers 432:440 pyrrole oligomers 424:440 pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 424:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 3 57 theme polymers 348:355 arg1 limitation 323:332 this limitation 318:332 this limitation of conductive polymers 318:355 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 3 58 theme novel 373:377 arg1 hydrogel 404:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel 371:411 a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable 371:534 To overcome this limitation of conductive polymers, we developed a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel containing pyrrole oligomers which possessed the unique properties of being both electrically conductive and biodegradable. 29030197 7 59 theme hydrogel 1124:1131 arg1 compositions 1133:1144 all the hydrogel compositions 1116:1144 all the hydrogel compositions 1116:1144 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 7 60 theme hydrogel 1368:1375 arg1 composition 1377:1387 the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition 1342:1387 the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work 1342:1400 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 7 60 theme hydrogel 1368:1375 arg1 sample 1151:1156 the sample 1147:1156 the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) 1147:1206 Among all the hydrogel compositions, the sample with pyrrole oligomer:chitosan ratio of 0.1 (w/w) showed the most prominent biodegradability, biocompatibility, electro-activity, swelling ratio and pore size values and was chosen as the optimal electroactive hydrogel composition in this work. 29030197 0 61 theme hydrogel 79:86 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Green synthesis 0:14 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel 0:86 Green synthesis of degradable conductive thermosensitive oligopyrrole/chitosan hydrogel intended for cartilage tissue engineering. 29030197 4 62 theme chemical 583:590 arg1 polymerization 592:605 chemical polymerization 583:605 chemical polymerization 583:605 First, pyrrole oligomers were synthesized via chemical polymerization and were found to be amorphous with a non-globular morphology. 29030197 1 63 theme tissue 198:203 arg1 repair 205:210 tissue repair 198:210 tissue repair 198:210 Electroactive scaffolds containing conductive polymers can promote tissue repair and regeneration. 29030197 5 64 contain containing 760:769 arg1 hydrogels 750:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels 708:758 injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 708:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 29030197 5 64 contain containing 760:769 arg2 concentrations 781:794 different concentrations 771:794 different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers 771:815 Then, three different compositions of injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels containing different concentrations of pyrrole oligomers were synthesized and characterized for chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, swelling ratio, In vitro biodegradation and gelation time. 25367790 6 0 from loss 579:582 arg1 sp 625:626 the host Agrobacterium sp 602:626 the host Agrobacterium sp 602:626 Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 4 1 theme alleviating 404:414 arg1 constipation 416:427 alleviating constipation 404:427 alleviating constipation 404:427 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 4 2 theme unique 212:217 arg1 composition 228:238 The unique chemical composition 208:238 The unique chemical composition 208:238 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 4 3 theme acute 380:384 arg1 injury 392:397 acute liver injury 380:397 acute liver injury 380:397 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 5 4 theme broad-host-range 495:510 arg1 pCM158 520:525 a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158 493:525 a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158 493:525 In this study, we cloned the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158. 25367790 6 5 theme antibiotic 536:545 arg1 selection 547:555 antibiotic selection 536:555 antibiotic selection 536:555 Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 4 6 theme promising 296:304 arg1 material 306:313 a promising material 294:313 a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation 294:427 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 5 7 theme plasmid 512:518 arg1 pCM158 520:525 a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158 493:525 a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158 493:525 In this study, we cloned the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158. 25367790 4 8 theme liver 386:390 arg1 injury 392:397 acute liver injury 380:397 acute liver injury 380:397 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 6 9 theme Agrobacterium 611:623 arg1 sp 625:626 the host Agrobacterium sp 602:626 the host Agrobacterium sp 602:626 Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 2 10 theme Agrobacterium 139:151 arg1 sp 153:154 the strain Agrobacterium sp 128:154 the strain Agrobacterium sp 128:154 Salecan is a novel exopolysaccharide produced by the strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 3 11 theme glucose 190:196 arg1 monomers 198:205 only glucose monomers 185:205 only glucose monomers 185:205 ZX09, and it is composed of only glucose monomers. 25367790 8 12 theme hemoglobin 699:708 arg1 expression 672:681 The expression 668:681 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin 668:708 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. 25367790 0 13 theme Vitreoscilla 0:11 arg1 hemoglobin 13:22 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin 0:22 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin 0:22 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin promotes Salecan production by Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 8 14 theme monoxide 737:744 arg1 spectrum 762:769 carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum 730:769 carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum 730:769 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. 25367790 5 15 theme hemoglobin 472:481 arg1 gene 483:486 the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene 455:486 the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158 455:525 In this study, we cloned the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158. 25367790 10 16 theme Salecan 827:833 arg1 yield 835:839 Salecan yield 827:839 Salecan yield 827:839 ZX09 increased Salecan yield by 30%. 25367790 6 17 theme host 606:609 arg1 sp 625:626 the host Agrobacterium sp 602:626 the host Agrobacterium sp 602:626 Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 8 18 theme carbon 730:735 arg1 CO 747:748 CO 747:748 CO 747:748 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. 25367790 8 18 theme carbon 730:735 arg1 monoxide 737:744 carbon monoxide 730:744 carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum 730:769 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. 25367790 4 19 theme physicochemical 254:268 arg1 properties 270:279 excellent physicochemical properties 244:279 excellent physicochemical properties 244:279 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 6 20 theme plasmid 591:597 arg1 loss 579:582 negligible loss 568:582 negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp 568:626 Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 8 21 theme difference 751:760 arg1 spectrum 762:769 carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum 730:769 carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum 730:769 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. 25367790 11 22 theme physiological 859:871 arg1 changes 873:879 The other physiological changes 849:879 The other physiological changes 849:879 The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity. 25367790 0 23 theme Salecan 33:39 arg1 production 41:50 Salecan production 33:50 Salecan production 33:50 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin promotes Salecan production by Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 2 24 theme novel 92:96 arg1 Salecan 79:85 Salecan 79:85 Salecan 79:85 Salecan is a novel exopolysaccharide produced by the strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 2 24 theme novel 92:96 arg1 exopolysaccharide 98:114 a novel exopolysaccharide 90:114 a novel exopolysaccharide produced by the strain Agrobacterium sp 90:154 Salecan is a novel exopolysaccharide produced by the strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 8 25 theme Vitreoscilla 686:697 arg1 hemoglobin 699:708 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin 686:708 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin 686:708 The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. 25367790 9 26 theme strain 787:792 arg1 sp 808:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp 772:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp 772:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 0 27 theme Agrobacterium 55:67 arg1 sp 69:70 Agrobacterium sp 55:70 Agrobacterium sp 55:70 Vitreoscilla hemoglobin promotes Salecan production by Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 7 28 theme cultivation 655:665 arg1 passage 644:650 one passage 640:650 one passage of cultivation 640:665 ZX09 after one passage of cultivation. 25367790 9 29 theme Agrobacterium 794:806 arg1 sp 808:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp 772:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp 772:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 3 30 theme only 185:188 arg1 monomers 198:205 only glucose monomers 185:205 only glucose monomers 185:205 ZX09, and it is composed of only glucose monomers. 25367790 9 31 theme engineered 776:785 arg1 sp 808:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp 772:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp 772:809 The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 4 32 theme chemical 219:226 arg1 composition 228:238 The unique chemical composition 208:238 The unique chemical composition 208:238 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 11 33 theme other 853:857 arg1 changes 873:879 The other physiological changes 849:879 The other physiological changes 849:879 The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity. 25367790 11 34 theme elevated 894:901 arg1 rate 915:918 its elevated respiration rate 890:918 its elevated respiration rate 890:918 The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity. 25367790 4 35 theme excellent 244:252 arg1 properties 270:279 excellent physicochemical properties 244:279 excellent physicochemical properties 244:279 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 11 36 theme respiration 903:913 arg1 rate 915:918 its elevated respiration rate 890:918 its elevated respiration rate 890:918 The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity. 25367790 5 37 theme Vitreoscilla 459:470 arg1 gene 483:486 the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene 455:486 the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158 455:525 In this study, we cloned the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158. 25367790 11 38 theme cellular 924:931 arg1 activity 943:950 cellular invertase activity 924:950 cellular invertase activity 924:950 The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity. 25367790 6 39 theme negligible 568:577 arg1 loss 579:582 negligible loss 568:582 negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp 568:626 Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 2 40 theme strain 132:137 arg1 sp 153:154 the strain Agrobacterium sp 128:154 the strain Agrobacterium sp 128:154 Salecan is a novel exopolysaccharide produced by the strain Agrobacterium sp. 25367790 4 41 from applications 319:330 arg1 coagulation 335:345 coagulation 335:345 coagulation 335:345 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 4 41 from applications 319:330 arg1 constipation 416:427 alleviating constipation 404:427 alleviating constipation 404:427 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 4 41 from applications 319:330 arg1 protection 361:370 protection 361:370 protection against acute liver injury 361:397 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 4 41 from applications 319:330 arg1 lubrication 348:358 lubrication 348:358 lubrication 348:358 The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. 25367790 11 42 theme invertase 933:941 arg1 activity 943:950 cellular invertase activity 924:950 cellular invertase activity 924:950 The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity. 25256471 1 0 theme β-CD 134:137 arg1 polymer 140:146 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent 110:156 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) 110:228 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 6 1 theme solution 895:902 arg1 pH 904:905 solution pH 895:905 solution pH 895:905 The decontamination of Cr(VI) was influenced by solution pH and ionic strength. 25256471 0 2 dep removal 101:107 arg1 VI 97:98 VI 97:98 VI 97:98 Grafting of β-cyclodextrin to magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal. 25256471 7 3 dep improved 979:986 arg1 VI 962:963 VI 962:963 VI 962:963 In the system with aniline, the Cr(VI) sorption was improved at low pH values but reduced at high pH values. 25256471 1 4 from solution 289:296 arg1 decontamination 250:264 decontamination 250:264 decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution 250:296 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 2 5 from kinetics 312:319 arg1 process 425:431 the sorption process 412:431 the sorption process 412:431 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 1 6 theme Cr 269:270 arg1 decontamination 250:264 decontamination 250:264 decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution 250:296 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 0 7 theme Cr 94:95 arg1 removal 101:107 Cr(VI) removal 94:107 Cr(VI) removal 94:107 Grafting of β-cyclodextrin to magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal. 25256471 6 8 dep Cr 870:871 arg1 VI 873:874 VI 873:874 VI 873:874 The decontamination of Cr(VI) was influenced by solution pH and ionic strength. 25256471 8 9 theme metal 1109:1113 arg1 ions 1115:1118 metal ions 1109:1118 metal ions 1109:1118 These results are important for estimating and optimizing the removal of metal ions by CD-E-MGO composite. 25256471 4 10 theme only 717:720 arg1 diffusion 695:703 intraparticle diffusion 681:703 intraparticle diffusion 681:703 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 4 10 theme only 717:720 arg1 step 736:739 the only rate-limiting step 713:739 the only rate-limiting step 713:739 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 8 11 theme CD-E-MGO 1123:1130 arg1 composite 1132:1140 CD-E-MGO composite 1123:1140 CD-E-MGO composite 1123:1140 These results are important for estimating and optimizing the removal of metal ions by CD-E-MGO composite. 25256471 1 12 theme adsorbent 148:156 arg1 polymer 140:146 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent 110:156 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) 110:228 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 7 13 theme high 1020:1023 arg1 values 1028:1033 high pH values 1020:1033 high pH values 1020:1033 In the system with aniline, the Cr(VI) sorption was improved at low pH values but reduced at high pH values. 25256471 2 14 theme sorption 303:310 arg1 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 14 theme sorption 303:310 arg1 kinetics 312:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 14 theme sorption 303:310 arg1 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 4 15 theme intraparticle 636:648 arg1 study 660:664 The intraparticle diffusion study 632:664 The intraparticle diffusion study 632:664 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 8 16 theme ions 1115:1118 arg1 removal 1098:1104 the removal 1094:1104 the removal of metal ions by CD-E-MGO composite 1094:1140 These results are important for estimating and optimizing the removal of metal ions by CD-E-MGO composite. 25256471 6 17 theme ionic 911:915 arg1 strength 917:924 ionic strength 911:924 ionic strength 911:924 The decontamination of Cr(VI) was influenced by solution pH and ionic strength. 25256471 1 18 theme β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic 164:202 arg1 oxide 213:217 β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide 164:217 β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) 164:228 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 1 18 theme β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic 164:202 arg1 CD-E-MGO 220:227 CD-E-MGO 220:227 CD-E-MGO 220:227 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 2 19 theme strength 400:407 arg1 effects 367:373 the effects 363:373 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process 299:431 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 19 theme strength 400:407 arg1 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 19 theme strength 400:407 arg1 kinetics 312:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 19 theme strength 400:407 arg1 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 1 20 theme graphene 204:211 arg1 oxide 213:217 β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide 164:217 β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) 164:228 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 1 20 theme graphene 204:211 arg1 CD-E-MGO 220:227 CD-E-MGO 220:227 CD-E-MGO 220:227 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 2 21 theme ionic 394:398 arg1 strength 400:407 ionic strength 394:407 ionic strength 394:407 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 4 22 theme rate-limiting 722:734 arg1 diffusion 695:703 intraparticle diffusion 681:703 intraparticle diffusion 681:703 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 4 22 theme rate-limiting 722:734 arg1 step 736:739 the only rate-limiting step 713:739 the only rate-limiting step 713:739 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 2 23 theme aniline 382:388 arg1 effects 367:373 the effects 363:373 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process 299:431 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 23 theme aniline 382:388 arg1 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 23 theme aniline 382:388 arg1 kinetics 312:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 23 theme aniline 382:388 arg1 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 0 24 theme graphene 39:46 arg1 oxide 48:52 magnetic graphene oxide 30:52 magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal 30:107 Grafting of β-cyclodextrin to magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal. 25256471 1 25 theme aqueous 281:287 arg1 solution 289:296 aqueous solution 281:296 aqueous solution 281:296 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 3 26 theme Langmuir 615:622 arg1 models 624:629 Langmuir models 615:629 Langmuir models 615:629 The results indicated that CD-E-MGO could effectively remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and the sorption data could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. 25256471 3 27 theme sorption 550:557 arg1 data 559:562 the sorption data 546:562 the sorption data 546:562 The results indicated that CD-E-MGO could effectively remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and the sorption data could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. 25256471 0 28 theme magnetic 30:37 arg1 oxide 48:52 magnetic graphene oxide 30:52 magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal 30:107 Grafting of β-cyclodextrin to magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal. 25256471 5 29 theme endothermic 810:820 arg1 reaction 794:801 the sorption reaction 781:801 the sorption reaction 781:801 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 5 29 theme endothermic 810:820 arg1 process 838:844 an endothermic and spontaneous process 807:844 an endothermic and spontaneous process 807:844 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 2 30 theme pH 378:379 arg1 effects 367:373 the effects 363:373 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process 299:431 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 30 theme pH 378:379 arg1 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 isotherms 322:330 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 30 theme pH 378:379 arg1 kinetics 312:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics 299:319 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 2 30 theme pH 378:379 arg1 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 thermodynamics 336:349 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 5 31 theme sorption 785:792 arg1 reaction 794:801 the sorption reaction 781:801 the sorption reaction 781:801 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 5 31 theme sorption 785:792 arg1 process 838:844 an endothermic and spontaneous process 807:844 an endothermic and spontaneous process 807:844 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 7 32 with system 934:939 arg1 aniline 946:952 aniline 946:952 aniline 946:952 In the system with aniline, the Cr(VI) sorption was improved at low pH values but reduced at high pH values. 25256471 7 33 theme low 991:993 arg1 values 998:1003 low pH values 991:1003 low pH values 991:1003 In the system with aniline, the Cr(VI) sorption was improved at low pH values but reduced at high pH values. 25256471 2 34 theme sorption 416:423 arg1 process 425:431 the sorption process 412:431 the sorption process 412:431 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 7 35 theme pH 995:996 arg1 values 998:1003 low pH values 991:1003 low pH values 991:1003 In the system with aniline, the Cr(VI) sorption was improved at low pH values but reduced at high pH values. 25256471 1 36 dep Cr 269:270 arg1 VI 272:273 VI 272:273 VI 272:273 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 3 37 dep Cr 513:514 arg1 VI 516:517 VI 516:517 VI 516:517 The results indicated that CD-E-MGO could effectively remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and the sorption data could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. 25256471 3 38 theme aqueous 525:531 arg1 solution 533:540 aqueous solution 525:540 aqueous solution 525:540 The results indicated that CD-E-MGO could effectively remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and the sorption data could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. 25256471 2 39 from effects 367:373 arg1 process 425:431 the sorption process 412:431 the sorption process 412:431 The sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, aniline and ionic strength on the sorption process were investigated. 25256471 1 40 theme novel 112:116 arg1 polymer 140:146 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent 110:156 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) 110:228 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 7 41 theme pH 1025:1026 arg1 values 1028:1033 high pH values 1020:1033 high pH values 1020:1033 In the system with aniline, the Cr(VI) sorption was improved at low pH values but reduced at high pH values. 25256471 6 42 theme Cr 870:871 arg1 decontamination 851:865 The decontamination 847:865 The decontamination of Cr(VI) 847:875 The decontamination of Cr(VI) was influenced by solution pH and ionic strength. 25256471 5 43 theme spontaneous 826:836 arg1 reaction 794:801 the sorption reaction 781:801 the sorption reaction 781:801 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 5 43 theme spontaneous 826:836 arg1 process 838:844 an endothermic and spontaneous process 807:844 an endothermic and spontaneous process 807:844 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 1 44 theme β-cyclodextrin 118:131 arg1 polymer 140:146 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent 110:156 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) 110:228 A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer adsorbent named β-cyclodextrin/ethylenediamine/magnetic graphene oxide (CD-E-MGO) was synthesized for decontamination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 25256471 5 45 theme Thermodynamic 742:754 arg1 parameters 756:765 Thermodynamic parameters 742:765 Thermodynamic parameters 742:765 Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. 25256471 0 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 12:25 arg1 Grafting 0:7 Grafting 0:7 Grafting of β-cyclodextrin to magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal. 0:108 Grafting of β-cyclodextrin to magnetic graphene oxide via ethylenediamine and application for Cr(VI) removal. 25256471 4 47 theme diffusion 650:658 arg1 study 660:664 The intraparticle diffusion study 632:664 The intraparticle diffusion study 632:664 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 4 48 theme intraparticle 681:693 arg1 diffusion 695:703 intraparticle diffusion 681:703 intraparticle diffusion 681:703 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 25256471 4 48 theme intraparticle 681:693 arg1 step 736:739 the only rate-limiting step 713:739 the only rate-limiting step 713:739 The intraparticle diffusion study indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. 27875037 1 0 dep area 335:338 arg1 etc 340:342 etc 340:342 high specific surface area etc. 313:343 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 2 1 attach crosslinked 501:511 arg3 method 466:471 phase-inversion method 450:471 phase-inversion method 450:471 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 1 2 theme chitosan 190:197 arg1 advantages 176:185 the advantages 172:185 the advantages of chitosan 172:197 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 5 3 theme adsorption 963:972 arg1 capacity 974:981 The adsorption capacity 959:981 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin 959:995 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 3 4 theme thermal 689:695 arg1 stability 697:705 enhanced thermal stability 680:705 enhanced thermal stability 680:705 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced has been characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited enhanced thermal stability due to the incorporation of AMWCNT. 27875037 4 5 theme chitosan 888:895 arg1 beads 897:901 unmodified chitosan beads 877:901 unmodified chitosan beads 877:901 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 2 6 theme chitosan/amino 362:375 arg1 beads 428:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 6 7 from application 1316:1326 arg1 purification 1337:1348 blood purification 1331:1348 blood purification 1331:1348 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 1 8 theme high 295:298 arg1 effects 286:292 nanometer effects 276:292 nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.) 276:344 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 8 theme high 295:298 arg1 strength 300:307 high strength 295:307 high strength 295:307 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 6 9 theme potential 1306:1314 arg1 adsorbent 1366:1374 adsorbent 1366:1374 adsorbent 1366:1374 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 6 9 theme potential 1306:1314 arg1 application 1316:1326 a high potential application 1299:1326 a high potential application in blood purification 1299:1348 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 6 10 with beads 1256:1260 arg1 hemocompatibility 1277:1293 excellent hemocompatibility 1267:1293 excellent hemocompatibility 1267:1293 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 5 11 from mg/g 1133:1136 arg1 PBS 1141:1143 PBS 1141:1143 PBS 1141:1143 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 11 from mg/g 1133:1136 arg1 BSA 1161:1163 BSA 1161:1163 BSA 1161:1163 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 4 12 theme test 754:757 arg1 results 759:765 Mechanical test results 743:765 Mechanical test results 743:765 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 6 13 theme high 1301:1304 arg1 adsorbent 1366:1374 adsorbent 1366:1374 adsorbent 1366:1374 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 6 13 theme high 1301:1304 arg1 application 1316:1326 a high potential application 1299:1326 a high potential application in blood purification 1299:1348 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 2 14 theme multiwalled 377:387 arg1 beads 428:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 8 15 dep Res 1437:1439 arg1 B 1446:1446 Part B 1441:1446 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 1422:1482 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 27875037 8 15 dep Res 1437:1439 arg1 Biomater 1454:1461 Biomater 1454:1461 Biomater 1454:1461 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 27875037 8 15 dep Res 1437:1439 arg1 2018 1478:1481 2018 1478:1481 2018 1478:1481 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 27875037 8 15 dep Res 1437:1439 arg1 106B 1464:1467 106B 1464:1467 106B 1464:1467 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 27875037 2 16 theme diglycidyl 532:541 arg1 EGDE 550:553 EGDE 550:553 EGDE 550:553 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 2 16 theme diglycidyl 532:541 arg1 ether 543:547 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 516:547 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 516:554 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 3 17 theme AMWCNT 735:740 arg1 incorporation 718:730 the incorporation 714:730 the incorporation of AMWCNT 714:740 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced has been characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited enhanced thermal stability due to the incorporation of AMWCNT. 27875037 5 18 from mg/g 1204:1207 arg1 PBS 1212:1214 PBS 1212:1214 PBS 1212:1214 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 18 from mg/g 1204:1207 arg1 BSA 1232:1234 BSA 1232:1234 BSA 1232:1234 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 2 19 theme CS/AMWCNT 407:415 arg1 beads 428:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 2 20 theme composite 418:426 arg1 beads 428:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 2 21 theme glycol 525:530 arg1 EGDE 550:553 EGDE 550:553 EGDE 550:553 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 2 21 theme glycol 525:530 arg1 ether 543:547 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 516:547 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 516:554 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 6 22 contain has 1295:1297 arg2 adsorbent 1366:1374 adsorbent 1366:1374 adsorbent 1366:1374 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 6 22 contain has 1295:1297 arg2 application 1316:1326 a high potential application 1299:1326 a high potential application in blood purification 1299:1348 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 6 22 contain has 1295:1297 arg1 beads 1256:1260 Our nanocomposite beads 1238:1260 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility 1238:1293 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 4 23 theme mechanical 779:788 arg1 strength 790:797 mechanical strength 779:797 mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 779:830 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 4 24 dep % 947:947 arg1 to 949:950 to 949:950 to 949:950 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 3 25 theme Raman 645:649 arg1 spectroscopy 651:662 Raman spectroscopy 645:662 Raman spectroscopy 645:662 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced has been characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited enhanced thermal stability due to the incorporation of AMWCNT. 27875037 5 26 theme higher 1100:1105 arg1 capacity 1118:1125 much higher adsorption capacity 1095:1125 much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin 1095:1177 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 4 27 theme unmodified 877:886 arg1 beads 897:901 unmodified chitosan beads 877:901 unmodified chitosan beads 877:901 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 2 28 theme ethylene 516:523 arg1 EGDE 550:553 EGDE 550:553 EGDE 550:553 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 2 28 theme ethylene 516:523 arg1 ether 543:547 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 516:547 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 516:554 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 4 29 theme Mechanical 743:752 arg1 results 759:765 Mechanical test results 743:765 Mechanical test results 743:765 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 1 30 theme stable 212:217 arg1 framework 233:241 a stable biocompatible framework 210:241 a stable biocompatible framework 210:241 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 31 theme high 313:316 arg1 area 335:338 high specific surface area 313:338 high specific surface area etc. 313:343 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 31 theme high 313:316 arg1 effects 286:292 nanometer effects 276:292 nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.) 276:344 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 5 32 from mg/g 1153:1156 arg1 PBS 1141:1143 PBS 1141:1143 PBS 1141:1143 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 32 from mg/g 1153:1156 arg1 BSA 1161:1163 BSA 1161:1163 BSA 1161:1163 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 6 33 theme excellent 1267:1275 arg1 hemocompatibility 1277:1293 excellent hemocompatibility 1267:1293 excellent hemocompatibility 1267:1293 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 0 34 from adsorption 93:102 arg1 hemoperfusion 107:119 hemoperfusion 107:119 hemoperfusion 107:119 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite beads for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion. 27875037 0 35 theme multiwalled 30:40 arg1 nanotubes 49:57 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 15:57 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 15:57 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite beads for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion. 27875037 1 36 theme specific 318:325 arg1 area 335:338 high specific surface area 313:338 high specific surface area etc. 313:343 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 36 theme specific 318:325 arg1 effects 286:292 nanometer effects 276:292 nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.) 276:344 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 5 37 theme PBS 1013:1015 arg1 solutions 1025:1033 PBS and BSA solutions 1013:1033 PBS and BSA solutions 1013:1033 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 3 38 theme CS/AMWCNT 561:569 arg1 beads 585:589 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads 557:589 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced 557:598 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced has been characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited enhanced thermal stability due to the incorporation of AMWCNT. 27875037 8 39 theme Part 1441:1444 arg1 B 1446:1446 Part B 1441:1446 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 1422:1482 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 27875037 0 40 theme chitosan/amino 15:28 arg1 nanotubes 49:57 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 15:57 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 15:57 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite beads for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion. 27875037 1 41 theme surface 327:333 arg1 area 335:338 high specific surface area 313:338 high specific surface area etc. 313:343 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 41 theme surface 327:333 arg1 effects 286:292 nanometer effects 276:292 nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.) 276:344 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 4 42 theme 34.1 943:946 arg1 % 947:947 % 947:947 % 947:947 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 3 43 theme nanocomposite 571:583 arg1 beads 585:589 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads 557:589 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced 557:598 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced has been characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited enhanced thermal stability due to the incorporation of AMWCNT. 27875037 2 44 theme nanotubes 396:404 arg1 beads 428:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 0 45 theme nanotubes 49:57 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 0:57 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite beads for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion. 27875037 5 46 with beads 1064:1068 arg1 AMWCNT 1081:1086 5 wt% AMWCNT 1075:1086 5 wt% AMWCNT 1075:1086 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 4 47 theme 0.67 952:955 arg1 % 947:947 % 947:947 % 947:947 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 1 48 dep effects 286:292 arg1 area 335:338 high specific surface area 313:338 high specific surface area etc. 313:343 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 48 dep effects 286:292 arg1 strength 300:307 high strength 295:307 high strength 295:307 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 48 dep effects 286:292 arg1 effects 286:292 nanometer effects 276:292 nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.) 276:344 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 5 49 theme BSA 1021:1023 arg1 solutions 1025:1033 PBS and BSA solutions 1013:1033 PBS and BSA solutions 1013:1033 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 1 50 theme biocompatible 219:231 arg1 framework 233:241 a stable biocompatible framework 210:241 a stable biocompatible framework 210:241 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 51 theme carbon 247:252 arg1 nanotube 254:261 carbon nanotube 247:261 carbon nanotube 247:261 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 0 52 theme carbon 42:47 arg1 nanotubes 49:57 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 15:57 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes 15:57 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite beads for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion. 27875037 5 53 theme wt 1077:1078 arg1 AMWCNT 1081:1086 5 wt% AMWCNT 1075:1086 5 wt% AMWCNT 1075:1086 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 4 54 theme beads 826:830 arg1 strength 790:797 mechanical strength 779:797 mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 779:830 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 5 55 from mg/g 1224:1227 arg1 PBS 1212:1214 PBS 1212:1214 PBS 1212:1214 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 55 from mg/g 1224:1227 arg1 BSA 1232:1234 BSA 1232:1234 BSA 1232:1234 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 6 56 theme nanocomposite 1242:1254 arg1 beads 1256:1260 Our nanocomposite beads 1238:1260 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility 1238:1293 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 5 57 theme % 1079:1079 arg1 AMWCNT 1081:1086 5 wt% AMWCNT 1075:1086 5 wt% AMWCNT 1075:1086 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 1 58 theme composite 147:155 arg1 beads 157:161 composite beads 147:161 composite beads 147:161 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 4 59 theme breakage 908:915 arg1 percentage 917:926 the breakage percentage 904:926 the breakage percentage 904:926 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 5 60 dep capacity 1118:1125 arg1 mg/g 1153:1156 7.6 mg/g 1149:1156 7.6 mg/g in BSA 1149:1163 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 60 dep capacity 1118:1125 arg1 mg/g 1133:1136 12.7 mg/g 1128:1136 12.7 mg/g in PBS 1128:1143 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 61 theme CS/AMWCNT 1044:1052 arg1 beads 1064:1068 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 1040:1068 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT 1040:1086 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 4 62 theme CS/AMWCNT 806:814 arg1 beads 826:830 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 802:830 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 802:830 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 8 63 dep Biomater 1454:1461 arg1 96-103 1470:1475 96-103 1470:1475 96-103 1470:1475 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 96-103, 2018. 27875037 3 64 theme enhanced 680:687 arg1 stability 697:705 enhanced thermal stability 680:705 enhanced thermal stability 680:705 The CS/AMWCNT nanocomposite beads produced has been characterized by BET, SEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited enhanced thermal stability due to the incorporation of AMWCNT. 27875037 5 65 theme chitosan 1184:1191 arg1 beads 1193:1197 chitosan beads 1184:1197 chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA) 1184:1235 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 65 theme chitosan 1184:1191 arg1 mg/g 1204:1207 8.5 mg/g 1200:1207 8.5 mg/g in PBS 1200:1214 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 65 theme chitosan 1184:1191 arg1 mg/g 1224:1227 4.2 mg/g 1220:1227 4.2 mg/g in BSA 1220:1234 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 66 theme composite 1054:1062 arg1 beads 1064:1068 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 1040:1068 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT 1040:1086 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 7 67 dep © 1391:1391 arg1 Inc. 1417:1420 Inc. 1417:1420 Inc. 1417:1420 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27875037 5 68 dep beads 1193:1197 arg1 mg/g 1224:1227 4.2 mg/g 1220:1227 4.2 mg/g in BSA 1220:1234 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 68 dep beads 1193:1197 arg1 mg/g 1204:1207 8.5 mg/g 1200:1207 8.5 mg/g in PBS 1200:1214 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 5 68 dep beads 1193:1197 arg1 beads 1193:1197 chitosan beads 1184:1197 chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA) 1184:1235 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 0 69 theme bilirubin 83:91 arg1 adsorption 93:102 bilirubin adsorption 83:102 bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion 83:119 Preparation of chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite beads for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion. 27875037 4 70 theme composite 816:824 arg1 beads 826:830 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 802:830 the CS/AMWCNT composite beads 802:830 Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of the CS/AMWCNT composite beads was significantly enhanced when comparing to unmodified chitosan beads, the breakage percentage decreased from 34.1% to 0.67%. 27875037 1 71 dep Chitosan-carbon 122:136 arg1 nanotube 138:145 nanotube 138:145 nanotube composite beads 138:161 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 72 theme nanometer 276:284 arg1 area 335:338 high specific surface area 313:338 high specific surface area etc. 313:343 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 72 theme nanometer 276:284 arg1 effects 286:292 nanometer effects 276:292 nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.) 276:344 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 1 72 theme nanometer 276:284 arg1 strength 300:307 high strength 295:307 high strength 295:307 Chitosan-carbon nanotube composite beads combines the advantages of chitosan in forming a stable biocompatible framework and carbon nanotube that provide nanometer effects (high strength and high specific surface area etc.). 27875037 6 73 theme blood 1331:1335 arg1 purification 1337:1348 blood purification 1331:1348 blood purification 1331:1348 Our nanocomposite beads with excellent hemocompatibility has a high potential application in blood purification as an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin. 27875037 5 74 theme adsorption 1107:1116 arg1 capacity 1118:1125 much higher adsorption capacity 1095:1125 much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin 1095:1177 The adsorption capacity for bilirubin was measured in PBS and BSA solutions, and the CS/AMWCNT composite beads with 5 wt% AMWCNT showed much higher adsorption capacity (12.7 mg/g in PBS and 7.6 mg/g in BSA) to bilirubin than chitosan beads (8.5 mg/g in PBS and 4.2 mg/g in BSA). 27875037 2 75 theme phase-inversion 450:464 arg1 method 466:471 phase-inversion method 450:471 phase-inversion method 450:471 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 27875037 2 76 theme carbon 389:394 arg1 beads 428:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads 362:432 In this study, chitosan/amino multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS/AMWCNT) composite beads was prepared by phase-inversion method, in which CS and AMWCNT was crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). 26070399 3 0 from composition 652:662 arg1 parameters 629:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 4 1 with revegetation 905:916 arg1 poplars 923:929 poplars 923:929 poplars 923:929 Proteome analysis showed that most of the stress-related proteins detected were less abundant on the irrigated grassland, confirming the viability of its revegetation with poplars. 26070399 1 2 theme presented 161:169 arg1 study 171:175 The presented study 157:175 The presented study 157:175 The presented study verified the possibility of using proteomics as a tool for investigating poplars growing on obviously separate plots. 26070399 6 3 from symptoms 1162:1169 arg1 plants 1174:1179 plants 1174:1179 plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis 1174:1325 Moreover, proteome analysis revealed biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis. 26070399 0 4 theme poplars 76:82 arg1 study 67:71 experimental field conditions--A case study 29:71 experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 29:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 5 5 theme i.e. 1048:1051 arg1 deficiency 1053:1062 i.e. deficiency 1048:1062 i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area 1048:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 6 6 theme other 1241:1245 arg1 data 1247:1250 other data 1241:1250 other data 1241:1250 Moreover, proteome analysis revealed biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis. 26070399 0 7 from Utilization 0:10 arg1 study 67:71 experimental field conditions--A case study 29:71 experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 29:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 5 8 theme Proteomic 932:940 arg1 data 942:945 Proteomic data 932:945 Proteomic data 932:945 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 4 9 theme revegetation 905:916 arg1 viability 888:896 the viability 884:896 the viability of its revegetation with poplars 884:929 Proteome analysis showed that most of the stress-related proteins detected were less abundant on the irrigated grassland, confirming the viability of its revegetation with poplars. 26070399 6 10 theme biotic 1148:1153 arg1 symptoms 1162:1169 biotic stress symptoms 1148:1169 biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis 1148:1325 Moreover, proteome analysis revealed biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis. 26070399 5 11 located detected 1082:1089 arg2 ions 1077:1080 phosphate ions 1067:1080 phosphate ions detected in the forest area 1067:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 5 11 located detected 1082:1089 arg1 area 1105:1108 the forest area 1094:1108 the forest area 1094:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 1 12 theme separate 279:286 arg1 plots 288:292 obviously separate plots 269:292 obviously separate plots 269:292 The presented study verified the possibility of using proteomics as a tool for investigating poplars growing on obviously separate plots. 26070399 6 13 theme proteomic 1308:1316 arg1 analysis 1318:1325 the proteomic analysis 1304:1325 the proteomic analysis 1304:1325 Moreover, proteome analysis revealed biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis. 26070399 3 14 theme molecular 691:699 arg1 level 701:705 a molecular level 689:705 a molecular level 689:705 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 0 15 theme conditions--A 48:60 arg1 study 67:71 experimental field conditions--A case study 29:71 experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 29:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 5 16 theme ions 1077:1080 arg1 deficiency 1053:1062 i.e. deficiency 1048:1062 i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area 1048:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 4 17 theme stress-related 793:806 arg1 proteins 808:815 the stress-related proteins 789:815 the stress-related proteins detected 789:824 Proteome analysis showed that most of the stress-related proteins detected were less abundant on the irrigated grassland, confirming the viability of its revegetation with poplars. 26070399 7 18 theme valuable 1386:1393 arg1 proteomics 1359:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 7 18 theme valuable 1386:1393 arg1 tool 1395:1398 a useful and valuable tool 1373:1398 a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart 1373:1479 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 3 19 from data 595:598 arg1 parameters 629:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 2 20 theme km 477:478 arg1 distance 462:469 a distance 460:469 a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest) 460:530 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 2 21 from years 365:369 arg1 plot 412:415 a plot 410:415 a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest) 410:530 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 6 22 theme proteome 1121:1128 arg1 analysis 1130:1137 proteome analysis 1121:1137 proteome analysis 1121:1137 Moreover, proteome analysis revealed biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis. 26070399 5 23 theme phosphate 1067:1075 arg1 ions 1077:1080 phosphate ions 1067:1080 phosphate ions detected in the forest area 1067:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 5 24 theme forest 1098:1103 arg1 area 1105:1108 the forest area 1094:1108 the forest area 1094:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 5 25 theme proteome 1030:1037 arg1 changes 1039:1045 the proteome changes 1026:1045 the proteome changes 1026:1045 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 7 26 theme useful 1375:1380 arg1 proteomics 1359:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 7 26 theme useful 1375:1380 arg1 tool 1395:1398 a useful and valuable tool 1373:1398 a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart 1373:1479 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 0 27 theme starch 127:132 arg1 irrigation 145:154 long-term starch wastewater irrigation 117:154 long-term starch wastewater irrigation 117:154 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 7 28 theme environmental 1339:1351 arg1 proteomics 1359:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 7 28 theme environmental 1339:1351 arg1 tool 1395:1398 a useful and valuable tool 1373:1398 a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart 1373:1479 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 2 29 theme poplar 433:438 arg1 planting 440:447 poplar planting 433:447 poplar planting 433:447 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 0 30 theme proteomics 15:24 arg1 Utilization 0:10 Utilization 0:10 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 0:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 0 31 theme long-term 117:125 arg1 irrigation 145:154 long-term starch wastewater irrigation 117:154 long-term starch wastewater irrigation 117:154 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 3 32 theme biochemical 617:627 arg1 parameters 629:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 0 33 theme field 42:46 arg1 study 67:71 experimental field conditions--A case study 29:71 experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 29:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 3 34 theme obtained 563:570 arg1 results 582:588 the obtained proteomic results 559:588 the obtained proteomic results 559:588 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 2 35 theme appropriate 417:427 arg1 plot 412:415 a plot 410:415 a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest) 410:530 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 0 36 theme experimental 29:40 arg1 study 67:71 experimental field conditions--A case study 29:71 experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 29:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 2 37 dep referred 509:516 arg1 hereinafter 497:507 hereinafter 497:507 hereinafter 497:507 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 2 38 from other 490:494 arg1 distance 462:469 a distance 460:469 a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest) 460:530 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 3 39 theme proteomic 572:580 arg1 results 582:588 the obtained proteomic results 559:588 the obtained proteomic results 559:588 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 0 40 theme case 62:65 arg1 study 67:71 experimental field conditions--A case study 29:71 experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland 29:103 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 7 41 theme field 1407:1411 arg1 studies 1413:1419 field studies 1407:1419 field studies 1407:1419 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 5 42 dep corresponded 947:958 arg1 deficiency 1053:1062 i.e. deficiency 1048:1062 i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area 1048:1108 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 0 43 theme wastewater 134:143 arg1 irrigation 145:154 long-term starch wastewater irrigation 117:154 long-term starch wastewater irrigation 117:154 Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions--A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. 26070399 4 44 theme irrigated 852:860 arg1 grassland 862:870 the irrigated grassland 848:870 the irrigated grassland 848:870 Proteome analysis showed that most of the stress-related proteins detected were less abundant on the irrigated grassland, confirming the viability of its revegetation with poplars. 26070399 5 45 theme probable 1006:1013 arg1 reason 1015:1020 the probable reason 1002:1020 the probable reason for the proteome changes 1002:1045 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 3 46 theme biometric 603:611 arg1 parameters 629:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 biometric and biochemical parameters 603:638 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 3 47 theme grasslands 726:735 arg1 usefulness 712:721 the usefulness 708:721 the usefulness of grasslands for planting 708:748 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 2 48 dep other 490:494 arg1 referred 509:516 referred 509:516 referred to as forest 509:529 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 2 49 with years 365:369 arg1 wastewater 392:401 potato industry wastewater 376:401 potato industry wastewater 376:401 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 4 50 theme Proteome 751:758 arg1 analysis 760:767 Proteome analysis 751:767 Proteome analysis 751:767 Proteome analysis showed that most of the stress-related proteins detected were less abundant on the irrigated grassland, confirming the viability of its revegetation with poplars. 26070399 7 51 theme plant 1353:1357 arg1 proteomics 1359:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 environmental plant proteomics 1339:1368 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 7 51 theme plant 1353:1357 arg1 tool 1395:1398 a useful and valuable tool 1373:1398 a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart 1373:1479 Therefore, environmental plant proteomics is a useful and valuable tool during field studies, even when samples are taken from plots some distance apart. 26070399 6 52 theme stress 1155:1160 arg1 symptoms 1162:1169 biotic stress symptoms 1148:1169 biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis 1148:1325 Moreover, proteome analysis revealed biotic stress symptoms in plants growing on the grassland, which were also well explained by other data but would not have been detected without performing the proteomic analysis. 26070399 3 53 theme mineral 644:650 arg1 composition 652:662 mineral composition 644:662 mineral composition 644:662 The work aimed to compare the obtained proteomic results with data on biometric and biochemical parameters and mineral composition as well as to assess, at a molecular level, the usefulness of grasslands for planting. 26070399 5 54 theme other 974:978 arg1 results 980:986 the other results 970:986 the other results 970:986 Proteomic data corresponded well with the other results, highlighting the probable reason for the proteome changes; i.e. deficiency of phosphate ions detected in the forest area. 26070399 2 55 theme industry 383:390 arg1 wastewater 392:401 potato industry wastewater 376:401 potato industry wastewater 376:401 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 26070399 2 56 theme potato 376:381 arg1 wastewater 392:401 potato industry wastewater 376:401 potato industry wastewater 376:401 The examination covered poplars planted on grassland irrigated for 40 years with potato industry wastewater and in a plot appropriate for poplar planting, spaced at a distance of 67 km from each other (hereinafter referred to as forest). 25129734 3 0 theme composite 777:785 arg1 fabrics 787:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 1 1 with cellulose 170:178 arg1 oxidation 211:219 H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 185:219 H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 185:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 1 2 theme cellulose 170:178 arg1 units 161:165 glucose units 153:165 glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 153:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 3 3 theme content 762:768 arg1 content 683:689 carboxyl content 674:689 carboxyl content 674:689 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 3 theme content 762:768 arg1 loss 699:702 weight loss 692:702 weight loss 692:702 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 3 theme content 762:768 arg1 properties 719:728 mechanical properties 708:728 mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics 708:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 4 theme chitosan 585:592 arg1 treatment 594:602 chitosan treatment 585:602 chitosan treatment 585:602 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 5 from groups 1047:1052 arg1 cellulose 1066:1074 oxidized cellulose 1057:1074 oxidized cellulose 1057:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 6 theme antibacterial 1170:1182 arg1 result 923:928 a result 921:928 a result 921:928 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 6 theme antibacterial 1170:1182 arg1 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 6 theme antibacterial 1170:1182 arg1 durability 1192:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 6 theme antibacterial 1170:1182 arg1 activity 1147:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 3 7 from properties 719:728 arg1 fabrics 787:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 8 theme carboxyl 1038:1045 arg1 chitosan 1025:1032 chitosan 1025:1032 chitosan 1025:1032 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 8 theme carboxyl 1038:1045 arg1 groups 1047:1052 carboxyl groups 1038:1052 carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose 1038:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 1 9 theme chitosan 302:309 arg1 solution 311:318 chitosan solution 302:318 chitosan solution 302:318 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 2 10 theme Scanning 367:374 arg1 microscope 385:394 Scanning electron microscope 367:394 Scanning electron microscope 367:394 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 2 11 used used 424:427 arg2 spectroscopy 406:417 FT-IR spectroscopy 400:417 FT-IR spectroscopy 400:417 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 2 11 used used 424:427 arg2 microscope 385:394 Scanning electron microscope 367:394 Scanning electron microscope 367:394 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 3 12 theme cotton 630:635 arg1 fabrics 637:643 cotton fabrics 630:643 cotton fabrics 630:643 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 2 13 theme electron 376:383 arg1 microscope 385:394 Scanning electron microscope 367:394 Scanning electron microscope 367:394 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 3 14 from fabrics 733:739 arg1 fabrics 787:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 2 15 theme FT-IR 400:404 arg1 spectroscopy 406:417 FT-IR spectroscopy 400:417 FT-IR spectroscopy 400:417 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 4 16 theme chitosan-cellulose 825:842 arg1 fabrics 844:850 chitosan-cellulose fabrics 825:850 chitosan-cellulose fabrics 825:850 Antibacterial performance of chitosan-cellulose fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. 25129734 3 17 theme physical 607:614 arg1 properties 616:625 physical properties 607:625 physical properties of cotton fabrics 607:643 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 18 from loss 699:702 arg1 fabrics 787:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 19 theme cotton 956:961 arg1 fiber 963:967 cotton fiber 956:967 cotton fiber 956:967 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 20 theme CN 991:992 arg1 bond 983:986 the amido bond 973:986 the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose 973:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 3 21 from content 762:768 arg1 fabrics 787:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 22 from influences 540:549 arg1 properties 616:625 physical properties 607:625 physical properties of cotton fabrics 607:643 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 23 theme H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 554:569 arg1 oxidation 571:579 H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation 554:579 H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation 554:579 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 1 24 theme mediated 202:209 arg1 oxidation 211:219 H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 185:219 H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 185:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 3 25 from fabrics 787:793 arg1 content 683:689 carboxyl content 674:689 carboxyl content 674:689 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 25 from fabrics 787:793 arg1 loss 699:702 weight loss 692:702 weight loss 692:702 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 25 from fabrics 787:793 arg1 properties 719:728 mechanical properties 708:728 mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics 708:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 26 from groups 1015:1020 arg1 cellulose 1066:1074 oxidized cellulose 1057:1074 oxidized cellulose 1057:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 1 27 theme primary 111:117 arg1 groups 128:133 The primary hydroxyl groups 107:133 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 107:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 2 28 theme oxidized 502:509 arg1 cellulose 511:519 oxidized cellulose 502:519 oxidized cellulose 502:519 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 4 29 theme Antibacterial 796:808 arg1 performance 810:820 Antibacterial performance 796:820 Antibacterial performance of chitosan-cellulose fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 796:901 Antibacterial performance of chitosan-cellulose fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. 25129734 1 30 theme hydroxyl 119:126 arg1 groups 128:133 The primary hydroxyl groups 107:133 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 107:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 0 31 theme H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 27:42 arg1 fabrics 63:69 H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics 27:69 H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material 27:104 Crosslinking chitosan into H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material. 25129734 3 32 theme weight 692:697 arg1 loss 699:702 weight loss 692:702 weight loss 692:702 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 1 33 from position 141:148 arg1 units 161:165 glucose units 153:165 glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 153:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 3 34 theme fabrics 637:643 arg1 properties 616:625 physical properties 607:625 physical properties of cotton fabrics 607:643 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 35 theme antimicrobial 1133:1145 arg1 durability 1192:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 35 theme antimicrobial 1133:1145 arg1 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 35 theme antimicrobial 1133:1145 arg1 result 923:928 a result 921:928 a result 921:928 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 35 theme antimicrobial 1133:1145 arg1 activity 1147:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 1 36 theme monocarboxy 230:240 arg1 cellulose 242:250 monocarboxy cellulose 230:250 monocarboxy cellulose 230:250 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 5 37 theme chitosan 1025:1032 arg1 chitosan 1025:1032 chitosan 1025:1032 chitosan 1025:1032 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 37 theme chitosan 1025:1032 arg1 groups 1047:1052 carboxyl groups 1038:1052 carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose 1038:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 37 theme chitosan 1025:1032 arg1 groups 1015:1020 amino groups 1009:1020 amino groups of chitosan 1009:1032 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 1 38 theme chitosan 330:337 arg1 fabrics 358:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 5 39 theme oxidized 1057:1064 arg1 cellulose 1066:1074 oxidized cellulose 1057:1074 oxidized cellulose 1057:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 3 40 theme fabrics 733:739 arg1 content 683:689 carboxyl content 674:689 carboxyl content 674:689 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 40 theme fabrics 733:739 arg1 loss 699:702 weight loss 692:702 weight loss 692:702 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 3 40 theme fabrics 733:739 arg1 properties 719:728 mechanical properties 708:728 mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics 708:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 4 41 theme fabrics 844:850 arg1 performance 810:820 Antibacterial performance 796:820 Antibacterial performance of chitosan-cellulose fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 796:901 Antibacterial performance of chitosan-cellulose fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. 25129734 3 42 from content 683:689 arg1 fabrics 787:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 the composite fabrics 773:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 43 theme amido 977:981 arg1 bond 983:986 the amido bond 973:986 the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose 973:1074 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 0 44 theme cellulose 53:61 arg1 fabrics 63:69 H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics 27:69 H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material 27:104 Crosslinking chitosan into H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material. 25129734 1 45 theme crosslinked 339:349 arg1 fabrics 358:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 5 46 theme washing 1184:1190 arg1 result 923:928 a result 921:928 a result 921:928 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 46 theme washing 1184:1190 arg1 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 46 theme washing 1184:1190 arg1 durability 1192:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 46 theme washing 1184:1190 arg1 activity 1147:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 47 theme chitosan-cotton 1097:1111 arg1 fabrics 1113:1119 these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics 1081:1119 these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics 1081:1119 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 2 48 theme chemical 464:471 arg1 bonding 473:479 chemical bonding 464:479 chemical bonding 464:479 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 0 49 theme oxidized 44:51 arg1 fabrics 63:69 H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics 27:69 H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material 27:104 Crosslinking chitosan into H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material. 25129734 1 50 theme cotton 351:356 arg1 fabrics 358:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 1 51 theme binding 256:262 arg1 sites 264:268 binding sites 256:268 binding sites 256:268 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 1 52 theme C6 138:139 arg1 position 141:148 C6 position 138:148 C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 138:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 5 53 theme high 1128:1131 arg1 durability 1192:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 53 theme high 1128:1131 arg1 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 53 theme high 1128:1131 arg1 result 923:928 a result 921:928 a result 921:928 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 53 theme high 1128:1131 arg1 activity 1147:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 3 54 theme carboxyl 674:681 arg1 content 683:689 carboxyl content 674:689 carboxyl content 674:689 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 1 55 with reaction 288:295 arg1 solution 311:318 chitosan solution 302:318 chitosan solution 302:318 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 3 56 theme oxidation 571:579 arg1 influences 540:549 The influences 536:549 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics 536:643 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 1 57 from groups 128:133 arg1 position 141:148 C6 position 138:148 C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 138:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 3 58 theme chitosan 753:760 arg1 content 762:768 chitosan content 753:768 chitosan content in the composite fabrics 753:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 5 59 theme amino 1009:1013 arg1 chitosan 1025:1032 chitosan 1025:1032 chitosan 1025:1032 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 59 theme amino 1009:1013 arg1 groups 1015:1020 amino groups 1009:1020 amino groups of chitosan 1009:1032 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 3 60 theme mechanical 708:717 arg1 properties 719:728 mechanical properties 708:728 mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics 708:793 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 1 61 theme glucose 153:159 arg1 units 161:165 glucose units 153:165 glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation 153:219 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 5 62 theme excellent 1160:1168 arg1 result 923:928 a result 921:928 a result 921:928 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 62 theme excellent 1160:1168 arg1 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 chitosan 931:938 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 62 theme excellent 1160:1168 arg1 durability 1192:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 excellent antibacterial washing durability 1160:1201 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 5 62 theme excellent 1160:1168 arg1 activity 1147:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 high antimicrobial activity 1128:1154 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 2 63 dep morphology 449:458 arg1 the 439:441 the 439:441 the 439:441 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 1 64 link crosslinked 339:349 arg1 fabrics 358:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics 330:364 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 3 65 theme treatment 594:602 arg1 influences 540:549 The influences 536:549 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics 536:643 The influences of H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 oxidation and chitosan treatment on physical properties of cotton fabrics were examined by determining carboxyl content, weight loss and mechanical properties of fabrics, as well as chitosan content in the composite fabrics. 25129734 2 66 theme fiber 443:447 arg1 morphology 449:458 fiber morphology 443:458 fiber morphology 443:458 Scanning electron microscope and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to detect the fiber morphology and chemical bonding between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, respectively. 25129734 1 67 theme subsequent 271:280 arg1 reaction 288:295 subsequent amide reaction 271:295 subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution 271:318 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 25129734 0 68 theme antibacterial-finished 74:95 arg1 material 97:104 antibacterial-finished material 74:104 antibacterial-finished material 74:104 Crosslinking chitosan into H3PO4/HNO3-NANO2 oxidized cellulose fabrics as antibacterial-finished material. 25129734 5 69 theme resultant 1087:1095 arg1 fabrics 1113:1119 these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics 1081:1119 these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics 1081:1119 As a result, chitosan was bonded into cotton fiber via the amido bond of CN formed between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups on oxidized cellulose, and these resultant chitosan-cotton fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity and excellent antibacterial washing durability. 25129734 1 70 theme amide 282:286 arg1 reaction 288:295 subsequent amide reaction 271:295 subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution 271:318 The primary hydroxyl groups on C6 position in glucose units of cellulose with H3PO4/HNO3-NaNO2 mediated oxidation produced monocarboxy cellulose and binding sites, subsequent amide reaction with chitosan solution to obtain chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. 27453523 8 0 dep substances 1330:1339 arg1 Aloe 1342:1345 Aloe 1342:1345 Aloe 1342:1345 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 8 0 dep substances 1330:1339 arg1 mucus 1357:1361 snail mucus 1351:1361 snail mucus 1351:1361 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 8 0 dep substances 1330:1339 arg1 substances 1330:1339 these substances 1324:1339 these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) 1324:1362 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 7 1 theme highest 1077:1083 arg1 capacity 1094:1101 the highest swelling capacity 1073:1101 the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold 1073:1123 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 8 2 theme real 1268:1271 arg1 innovation 1273:1282 The real innovation 1264:1282 The real innovation in the present work 1264:1302 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 8 2 theme real 1268:1271 arg1 use 1317:1319 the use 1313:1319 the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering 1313:1385 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 3 3 from walls 542:546 arg1 scaffold 565:572 the composite scaffold 551:572 the composite scaffold 551:572 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 7 4 theme swelling 1085:1092 arg1 capacity 1094:1101 the highest swelling capacity 1073:1101 the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold 1073:1123 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 3 5 from diameter 517:524 arg1 scaffold 565:572 the composite scaffold 551:572 the composite scaffold 551:572 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 1 6 theme regenerative 170:181 arg1 medicine 183:190 regenerative medicine 170:190 regenerative medicine 170:190 Biologically active scaffolds used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been generating promising results in skin replacement. 27453523 5 7 with size 759:762 arg1 porosity 779:786 increased porosity 769:786 increased porosity 769:786 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 6 8 theme water-binding 943:955 arg1 sites 957:961 water-binding sites 943:961 water-binding sites 943:961 The FTIR analysis has shown good affinity and interaction between the matrix and the Aloe, which may decrease water-binding sites, so this fact hindered the water absorption capacity of the material. 27453523 0 9 theme biomedical 89:98 arg1 purpose 100:106 biomedical purpose 89:106 biomedical purpose 89:106 Characterization of gelatin/chitosan scaffold blended with aloe vera and snail mucus for biomedical purpose. 27453523 6 10 theme good 861:864 arg1 affinity 866:873 good affinity 861:873 good affinity 861:873 The FTIR analysis has shown good affinity and interaction between the matrix and the Aloe, which may decrease water-binding sites, so this fact hindered the water absorption capacity of the material. 27453523 7 11 theme liquid 1198:1203 arg1 entry 1189:1193 the entry 1185:1193 the entry of liquid 1185:1203 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 5 12 theme snail 724:728 arg1 mucus 730:734 snail mucus 724:734 snail mucus 724:734 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 5 13 theme vera 715:718 arg1 addition 698:705 The addition 694:705 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus 694:734 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 3 14 theme Homogeneous 500:510 arg1 diameter 517:524 Homogeneous pore diameter 500:524 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold 500:572 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 7 15 theme fluid 1247:1251 arg1 retention 1253:1261 fluid retention 1247:1261 fluid retention 1247:1261 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 3 16 theme pore 537:540 arg1 walls 542:546 pore walls 537:546 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold 500:572 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 6 17 theme material 1023:1030 arg1 capacity 1007:1014 the water absorption capacity 986:1014 the water absorption capacity of the material 986:1030 The FTIR analysis has shown good affinity and interaction between the matrix and the Aloe, which may decrease water-binding sites, so this fact hindered the water absorption capacity of the material. 27453523 5 18 theme increased 769:777 arg1 porosity 779:786 increased porosity 769:786 increased porosity 769:786 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 2 19 from effect 477:482 arg1 bioactivity 487:497 bioactivity 487:497 bioactivity 487:497 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 4 20 from pores 610:614 arg1 scaffolds 623:631 the scaffolds 619:631 the scaffolds 619:631 The pores in the scaffolds were interconnected and their sizes ranged from 93 to 296μm. 27453523 2 21 theme vera 329:332 arg1 mucus 344:348 Aloe vera and snail mucus 324:348 Aloe vera and snail mucus 324:348 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 7 22 theme retention 1253:1261 arg1 plenty 1237:1242 plenty 1237:1242 plenty of fluid retention 1237:1261 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 7 23 theme mechanical 1037:1046 arg1 properties 1048:1057 The mechanical properties 1033:1057 The mechanical properties 1033:1057 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 2 24 theme Aloe 324:327 arg1 vera 329:332 Aloe vera 324:332 Aloe vera 324:332 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 0 25 theme scaffold 37:44 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of gelatin/chitosan scaffold 0:44 Characterization of gelatin/chitosan scaffold blended with aloe vera and snail mucus for biomedical purpose. 27453523 3 26 theme composite 555:563 arg1 scaffold 565:572 the composite scaffold 551:572 the composite scaffold 551:572 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 1 27 theme promising 213:221 arg1 results 223:229 promising results 213:229 promising results 213:229 Biologically active scaffolds used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been generating promising results in skin replacement. 27453523 0 28 theme gelatin/chitosan 20:35 arg1 scaffold 37:44 gelatin/chitosan scaffold 20:44 gelatin/chitosan scaffold 20:44 Characterization of gelatin/chitosan scaffold blended with aloe vera and snail mucus for biomedical purpose. 27453523 8 29 theme present 1291:1297 arg1 work 1299:1302 the present work 1287:1302 the present work 1287:1302 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 6 30 theme FTIR 837:840 arg1 analysis 842:849 The FTIR analysis 833:849 The FTIR analysis 833:849 The FTIR analysis has shown good affinity and interaction between the matrix and the Aloe, which may decrease water-binding sites, so this fact hindered the water absorption capacity of the material. 27453523 4 31 dep 296μm 687:691 arg1 to 684:685 to 684:685 to 684:685 The pores in the scaffolds were interconnected and their sizes ranged from 93 to 296μm. 27453523 6 32 theme absorption 996:1005 arg1 capacity 1007:1014 the water absorption capacity 986:1014 the water absorption capacity of the material 986:1030 The FTIR analysis has shown good affinity and interaction between the matrix and the Aloe, which may decrease water-binding sites, so this fact hindered the water absorption capacity of the material. 27453523 5 33 theme mean 749:752 arg1 size 759:762 the mean pore size 745:762 the mean pore size with increased porosity 745:786 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 3 34 theme pore 512:515 arg1 diameter 517:524 Homogeneous pore diameter 500:524 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold 500:572 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 2 35 theme present 256:262 arg1 study 264:268 The present study 252:268 The present study 252:268 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 6 36 theme water 990:994 arg1 capacity 1007:1014 the water absorption capacity 986:1014 the water absorption capacity of the material 986:1030 The FTIR analysis has shown good affinity and interaction between the matrix and the Aloe, which may decrease water-binding sites, so this fact hindered the water absorption capacity of the material. 27453523 5 37 theme pore 754:757 arg1 size 759:762 the mean pore size 745:762 the mean pore size with increased porosity 745:786 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 7 38 theme snail 1110:1114 arg1 scaffold 1116:1123 the snail scaffold 1106:1123 the snail scaffold 1106:1123 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 8 39 theme tissue 1368:1373 arg1 engineering 1375:1385 tissue engineering 1368:1385 tissue engineering 1368:1385 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 3 40 theme SEM 595:597 arg1 image 599:603 the SEM image 591:603 the SEM image 591:603 Homogeneous pore diameter as well as pore walls in the composite scaffold could be seen in the SEM image. 27453523 1 41 theme skin 234:237 arg1 replacement 239:249 skin replacement 234:249 skin replacement 234:249 Biologically active scaffolds used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been generating promising results in skin replacement. 27453523 2 42 theme potential 467:475 arg1 effect 477:482 a potential effect 465:482 a potential effect on bioactivity 465:497 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 7 43 theme elongation 1157:1166 arg1 percentage 1143:1152 the high percentage 1134:1152 the high percentage of elongation 1134:1166 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 8 44 theme substances 1330:1339 arg1 use 1317:1319 the use 1313:1319 the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering 1313:1385 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 8 44 theme substances 1330:1339 arg1 innovation 1273:1282 The real innovation 1264:1282 The real innovation in the present work 1264:1302 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 1 45 theme active 122:127 arg1 scaffolds 129:137 Biologically active scaffolds 109:137 Biologically active scaffolds used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 109:190 Biologically active scaffolds used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been generating promising results in skin replacement. 27453523 0 46 theme aloe 59:62 arg1 vera 64:67 aloe vera 59:67 aloe vera 59:67 Characterization of gelatin/chitosan scaffold blended with aloe vera and snail mucus for biomedical purpose. 27453523 5 47 from changes 799:805 arg1 architecture 819:830 the pore architecture 810:830 the pore architecture 810:830 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 2 48 theme mucus 344:348 arg1 incorporation 307:319 the incorporation 303:319 the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan 303:393 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 7 49 theme scaffold 1116:1123 arg1 capacity 1094:1101 the highest swelling capacity 1073:1101 the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold 1073:1123 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 2 50 theme snail 338:342 arg1 mucus 344:348 Aloe vera and snail mucus 324:348 Aloe vera and snail mucus 324:348 The present study aims to test the hypothesis that the incorporation of Aloe vera and snail mucus into scaffolds based on gelatin and chitosan could improve their structure, composition and biodegradability, with a potential effect on bioactivity. 27453523 0 51 theme snail 73:77 arg1 mucus 79:83 snail mucus 73:83 snail mucus 73:83 Characterization of gelatin/chitosan scaffold blended with aloe vera and snail mucus for biomedical purpose. 27453523 5 52 theme pore 814:817 arg1 architecture 819:830 the pore architecture 810:830 the pore architecture 810:830 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 8 53 theme snail 1351:1355 arg1 mucus 1357:1361 snail mucus 1351:1361 snail mucus 1351:1361 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 8 53 theme snail 1351:1355 arg1 substances 1330:1339 these substances 1324:1339 these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) 1324:1362 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 1 54 theme tissue 147:152 arg1 engineering 154:164 tissue engineering 147:164 tissue engineering 147:164 Biologically active scaffolds used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been generating promising results in skin replacement. 27453523 8 55 from innovation 1273:1282 arg1 work 1299:1302 the present work 1287:1302 the present work 1287:1302 The real innovation in the present work could be the use of these substances (Aloe and snail mucus) for tissue engineering. 27453523 5 56 theme mucus 730:734 arg1 addition 698:705 The addition 694:705 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus 694:734 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 27453523 7 57 theme high 1138:1141 arg1 percentage 1143:1152 the high percentage 1134:1152 the high percentage of elongation 1134:1166 The mechanical properties could explain the highest swelling capacity of the snail scaffold, because the high percentage of elongation could facilitate the entry of liquid in it, generating a matrix with plenty of fluid retention. 27453523 5 58 theme Aloe 710:713 arg1 vera 715:718 Aloe vera 710:718 Aloe vera 710:718 The addition of Aloe vera and snail mucus enlarged the mean pore size with increased porosity and caused changes in the pore architecture. 23528069 5 0 theme water-soluble 755:767 arg1 polymer 769:775 water-soluble polymer 755:775 water-soluble polymer 755:775 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 1 1 theme observed 141:148 arg1 incompatibility 150:164 an observed incompatibility 138:164 an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients 138:215 The objective of the current work was to study an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 3 2 from formulation 537:547 arg1 proportional 456:467 proportional 456:467 proportional 456:467 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 3 2 from formulation 537:547 arg1 severity 406:413 The severity 402:413 The severity of the dissolution slowdown 402:441 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 5 3 theme polymer 769:775 arg1 level 746:750 the level 742:750 the level of water-soluble polymer 742:775 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 3 4 theme CCS 519:521 arg1 level 510:514 the level 506:514 the level of CCS 506:521 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 3 4 theme CCS 519:521 arg1 degree 481:486 the degree 477:486 the degree of alkalinity 477:500 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 4 5 theme ester 576:580 arg1 cross-links 582:592 the ester cross-links 572:592 the ester cross-links in CCS 572:599 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 2 6 theme tablet 301:306 arg1 compositions 308:319 alkaline tablet compositions 292:319 alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant 292:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 6 7 theme tablet 960:965 arg1 preparation 967:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation 941:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant 941:1019 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 4 8 from cross-links 582:592 arg1 CCS 597:599 CCS 597:599 CCS 597:599 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 0 9 from excipients 55:64 arg1 formulation 78:88 a tablet formulation 69:88 a tablet formulation 69:88 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 2 10 theme alkaline 292:299 arg1 compositions 308:319 alkaline tablet compositions 292:319 alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant 292:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 4 11 theme pH 660:661 arg1 conditions 648:657 basic conditions 642:657 basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility 642:722 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 4 11 theme pH 660:661 arg1 values 663:668 pH values >9 660:671 pH values >9 660:671 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 5 12 from formation 793:801 arg1 tablet 831:836 the tablet 827:836 the tablet upon moisture uptake 827:857 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 3 13 theme dissolution 422:432 arg1 slowdown 434:441 the dissolution slowdown 418:441 the dissolution slowdown 418:441 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 1 14 theme croscarmellose 174:187 arg1 sodium 189:194 croscarmellose sodium 174:194 croscarmellose sodium 174:194 The objective of the current work was to study an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 2 15 theme drug 339:342 arg1 compositions 308:319 alkaline tablet compositions 292:319 alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant 292:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 6 16 theme alkaline 951:958 arg1 preparation 967:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation 941:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant 941:1019 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 17 theme acid-labile 327:337 arg1 drug 339:342 an acid-labile drug 324:342 an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant 324:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 0 18 theme sodium 34:39 arg1 Incompatibility 0:14 Incompatibility 0:14 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 0:89 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 6 19 theme similar 943:949 arg1 preparation 967:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation 941:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant 941:1019 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 6 20 contain containing 979:988 arg2 disintegrant 1008:1019 a disintegrant 1006:1019 a disintegrant 1006:1019 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 6 20 contain containing 979:988 arg2 crospovidone 990:1001 crospovidone 990:1001 crospovidone 990:1001 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 6 20 contain containing 979:988 arg1 preparation 967:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation 941:977 a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant 941:1019 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 1 21 theme basic 200:204 arg1 excipients 206:215 basic excipients 200:215 basic excipients 200:215 The objective of the current work was to study an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 0 22 theme croscarmellose 19:32 arg1 sodium 34:39 croscarmellose sodium 19:39 croscarmellose sodium 19:39 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 3 23 theme tablet 530:535 arg1 formulation 537:547 the tablet formulation 526:547 the tablet formulation 526:547 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 0 24 theme alkaline 46:53 arg1 excipients 55:64 alkaline excipients 46:64 alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation 46:88 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 4 25 theme increased 697:705 arg1 solubility 713:722 increased water solubility 697:722 increased water solubility 697:722 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 2 26 theme Significant 242:252 arg1 slowdown 266:273 Significant dissolution slowdown 242:273 Significant dissolution slowdown 242:273 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 3 27 theme slowdown 434:441 arg1 proportional 456:467 proportional 456:467 proportional 456:467 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 3 27 theme slowdown 434:441 arg1 severity 406:413 The severity 402:413 The severity of the dissolution slowdown 402:441 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 4 28 theme basic 642:646 arg1 conditions 648:657 basic conditions 642:657 basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility 642:722 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 4 28 theme basic 642:646 arg1 values 663:668 pH values >9 660:671 pH values >9 660:671 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 5 29 from increase 730:737 arg1 level 746:750 the level 742:750 the level of water-soluble polymer 742:775 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 1 30 theme current 112:118 arg1 work 120:123 the current work 108:123 the current work 108:123 The objective of the current work was to study an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 6 31 theme dissolution 899:909 arg1 slowdown 911:918 The dissolution slowdown 895:918 The dissolution slowdown 895:918 The dissolution slowdown was not observed for a similar alkaline tablet preparation containing crospovidone as a disintegrant. 23528069 1 32 theme work 120:123 arg1 objective 95:103 The objective 91:103 The objective of the current work 91:123 The objective of the current work was to study an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 4 33 theme water 707:711 arg1 solubility 713:722 increased water solubility 697:722 increased water solubility 697:722 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 0 34 with Incompatibility 0:14 arg1 excipients 55:64 alkaline excipients 46:64 alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation 46:88 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 2 35 theme croscarmellose 355:368 arg1 sodium 370:375 croscarmellose sodium 355:375 croscarmellose sodium (CCS) 355:381 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 35 theme croscarmellose 355:368 arg1 disintegrant 388:399 a disintegrant 386:399 a disintegrant 386:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 35 theme croscarmellose 355:368 arg1 CCS 378:380 CCS 378:380 CCS 378:380 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 1 36 theme tablet 222:227 arg1 formulation 229:239 a tablet formulation 220:239 a tablet formulation 220:239 The objective of the current work was to study an observed incompatibility between croscarmellose sodium and basic excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 5 37 theme viscous 808:814 arg1 barrier 816:822 a viscous barrier 806:822 a viscous barrier 806:822 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 4 38 theme solubility 713:722 arg1 by-products 682:692 by-products 682:692 by-products of increased water solubility 682:722 It is postulated that the ester cross-links in CCS were partially or fully hydrolyzed under basic conditions (pH values >9) forming by-products of increased water solubility. 23528069 3 39 theme alkalinity 491:500 arg1 level 510:514 the level 506:514 the level of CCS 506:521 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 3 39 theme alkalinity 491:500 arg1 degree 481:486 the degree 477:486 the degree of alkalinity 477:500 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 23528069 0 40 theme tablet 71:76 arg1 formulation 78:88 a tablet formulation 69:88 a tablet formulation 69:88 Incompatibility of croscarmellose sodium with alkaline excipients in a tablet formulation. 23528069 5 41 theme barrier 816:822 arg1 formation 793:801 the formation 789:801 the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake 789:857 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 5 42 theme moisture 843:850 arg1 uptake 852:857 moisture uptake 843:857 moisture uptake 843:857 This increase in the level of water-soluble polymer can lead to the formation of a viscous barrier in the tablet upon moisture uptake, thus slowing down its dissolution. 23528069 2 43 contain containing 344:353 arg2 disintegrant 388:399 a disintegrant 386:399 a disintegrant 386:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 43 contain containing 344:353 arg2 sodium 370:375 croscarmellose sodium 355:375 croscarmellose sodium (CCS) 355:381 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 43 contain containing 344:353 arg2 CCS 378:380 CCS 378:380 CCS 378:380 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 43 contain containing 344:353 arg1 drug 339:342 an acid-labile drug 324:342 an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant 324:399 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 2 44 theme dissolution 254:264 arg1 slowdown 266:273 Significant dissolution slowdown 242:273 Significant dissolution slowdown 242:273 Significant dissolution slowdown was observed for alkaline tablet compositions of an acid-labile drug containing croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a disintegrant. 23528069 3 45 from proportional 456:467 arg1 formulation 537:547 the tablet formulation 526:547 the tablet formulation 526:547 The severity of the dissolution slowdown was directly proportional to both the degree of alkalinity and the level of CCS in the tablet formulation. 28750341 9 0 theme enzymes 1574:1580 arg1 presence 1547:1554 the presence 1543:1554 the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1543:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 11 1 theme free 1952:1955 arg1 PG 1957:1958 free PG 1952:1958 free PG 1952:1958 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 14 2 theme higher 2344:2349 arg1 potency 2351:2357 higher potency 2344:2357 higher potency 2344:2357 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 11 3 theme HepG2 1973:1977 arg1 cells 1979:1983 MCF-7 and HepG2 cells 1963:1983 cells 1979:1983 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 9 4 from Measurement 1464:1474 arg1 nanocarriers 1527:1538 the loaded nanocarriers 1516:1538 the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1516:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 1 5 theme enzyme-sensitive 296:311 arg1 strategy 321:328 enzyme-sensitive release strategy 296:328 enzyme-sensitive release strategy 296:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 9 6 theme prodigiosin 1499:1509 arg1 release 1488:1494 in vitro release 1479:1494 in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1479:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 10 7 theme loaded 1855:1860 arg1 nanoparticles 1862:1874 loaded nanoparticles 1855:1874 the drug loaded nanoparticles 1846:1874 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 11 8 theme selective 1927:1935 arg1 SI 1944:1945 SI 1944:1945 SI 1944:1945 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 11 8 theme selective 1927:1935 arg1 1.54 1989:1992 1.54 1989:1992 1.54 1989:1992 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 11 8 theme selective 1927:1935 arg1 index 1937:1941 The selective index 1923:1941 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells 1923:1983 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 5 9 theme core 828:831 arg1 size 841:844 the core crystal size 824:844 the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized 824:877 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 5 9 theme core 828:831 arg1 14.2±2.1 884:891 14.2±2.1 884:891 14.2±2.1 884:891 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 1 10 theme based 234:238 arg1 systems 275:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems 222:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy 222:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 11 11 theme MCF-7 1963:1967 arg1 cells 1979:1983 MCF-7 and HepG2 cells 1963:1983 cells 1979:1983 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 7 12 theme % 1328:1328 arg1 efficiency 1298:1307 an encapsulation efficiency 1281:1307 an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs 1281:1371 The anticancer compound, prodigiosin (PG) was loaded into the NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs. 28750341 5 13 theme 121.1 1021:1025 arg1 diameters 1008:1016 diameters 1008:1016 diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm 1008:1036 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 10 14 theme PG-loaded 1719:1727 arg1 nanocarriers 1729:1740 PG-loaded nanocarriers 1719:1740 PG-loaded nanocarriers 1719:1740 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 6 15 with modification 1127:1138 arg1 CS 1154:1155 CS 1154:1155 CS 1154:1155 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 6 15 with modification 1127:1138 arg1 β-CD 1145:1148 β-CD 1145:1148 β-CD 1145:1148 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 8 16 theme drug 1395:1398 arg1 capacity 1408:1415 a drug loading capacity 1393:1415 a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively 1393:1461 This translates to a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively. 28750341 10 17 contain had 1876:1878 arg1 drug 1850:1853 the drug loaded nanoparticles 1846:1874 the drug loaded nanoparticles 1846:1874 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 17 contain had 1876:1878 arg2 efficacy 1888:1895 greater efficacy 1880:1895 greater efficacy 1880:1895 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 4 18 theme sample 737:742 arg1 VSM 758:760 VSM 758:760 VSM 758:760 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 18 theme sample 737:742 arg1 magnetometer 744:755 vibration sample magnetometer 727:755 vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) 727:761 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 18 theme sample 737:742 arg1 spectroscopy 705:716 spectroscopy 705:716 spectroscopy (FT-IR) 705:724 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 0 19 theme cytotoxicity 174:185 arg1 studies 187:193 cytotoxicity studies 174:193 cytotoxicity studies 174:193 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 5 20 theme 38.2nm 1031:1036 arg1 diameters 1008:1016 diameters 1008:1016 diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm 1008:1036 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 10 21 theme cell 1911:1914 arg1 lines 1916:1920 the cancer cell lines 1900:1920 the cancer cell lines 1900:1920 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 0 22 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 nanoparticles 89:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles 52:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies 52:193 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 22 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 22 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 10 23 theme cancer 1749:1754 arg1 HepG2 1778:1782 HepG2 1778:1782 HepG2 1778:1782 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 23 theme cancer 1749:1754 arg1 MCF-7 1768:1772 MCF-7 1768:1772 MCF-7 1768:1772 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 23 theme cancer 1749:1754 arg1 lines 1761:1765 two cancer cell lines 1745:1765 two cancer cell lines 1745:1765 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 8 24 theme 56.17 1420:1424 arg1 capacity 1408:1415 a drug loading capacity 1393:1415 a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively 1393:1461 This translates to a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively. 28750341 12 25 from 7.03 2136:2139 arg1 cells 2150:2154 MCF-7 cells 2144:2154 MCF-7 cells 2144:2154 This parameter was reduced for PG-loaded β-CD-MNPs to 1.27 and 1.85, while the SI for CS-MNPs improved considerably to 7.03 on MCF-7 cells. 28750341 8 26 theme 59.17mg/100mg 1430:1442 arg1 MNPs 1444:1447 59.17mg/100mg MNPs 1430:1447 59.17mg/100mg MNPs 1430:1447 This translates to a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively. 28750341 4 27 theme X-ray 764:768 arg1 XRD 783:785 XRD 783:785 XRD 783:785 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 27 theme X-ray 764:768 arg1 diffraction 770:780 X-ray diffraction 764:780 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 764:795 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 9 28 theme in 1479:1480 arg1 release 1488:1494 in vitro release 1479:1494 in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1479:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 4 29 theme vibration 727:735 arg1 VSM 758:760 VSM 758:760 VSM 758:760 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 29 theme vibration 727:735 arg1 magnetometer 744:755 vibration sample magnetometer 727:755 vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) 727:761 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 29 theme vibration 727:735 arg1 spectroscopy 705:716 spectroscopy 705:716 spectroscopy (FT-IR) 705:724 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 10 30 dep drug 1850:1853 arg1 nanoparticles 1862:1874 loaded nanoparticles 1855:1874 the drug loaded nanoparticles 1846:1874 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 0 31 theme drug 120:123 arg1 system 134:139 an anticancer drug delivery system 106:139 an anticancer drug delivery system 106:139 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 5 32 theme dynamic 972:978 arg1 DLS 998:1000 DLS 998:1000 DLS 998:1000 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 5 32 theme dynamic 972:978 arg1 scattering 986:995 dynamic light scattering 972:995 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 972:1001 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 7 33 theme encapsulation 1284:1296 arg1 efficiency 1298:1307 an encapsulation efficiency 1281:1307 an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs 1281:1371 The anticancer compound, prodigiosin (PG) was loaded into the NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs. 28750341 1 34 theme release 313:319 arg1 strategy 321:328 enzyme-sensitive release strategy 296:328 enzyme-sensitive release strategy 296:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 0 35 dep nanoparticles 89:101 arg1 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 35 dep nanoparticles 89:101 arg1 nanoparticles 89:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles 52:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies 52:193 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 35 dep nanoparticles 89:101 arg1 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 35 dep nanoparticles 89:101 arg1 studies 187:193 cytotoxicity studies 174:193 cytotoxicity studies 174:193 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 14 36 theme toxicity 2405:2412 arg1 effect 2414:2419 the prodigiosin toxicity effect 2389:2419 the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs 2389:2453 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 3 37 used used 483:486 arg2 drug 512:515 the model anti-tumor drug 491:515 the model anti-tumor drug 491:515 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 3 37 used used 483:486 arg2 PG 475:476 PG 475:476 PG 475:476 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 3 37 used used 483:486 arg2 Prodigiosin 462:472 Prodigiosin 462:472 Prodigiosin (PG) 462:477 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 13 38 theme specific 2246:2253 arg1 targeting 2255:2263 specific targeting 2246:2263 specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells 2246:2303 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirm specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells. 28750341 13 39 theme confocal 2199:2206 arg1 microscopy 2208:2217 confocal microscopy 2199:2217 confocal microscopy 2199:2217 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirm specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells. 28750341 13 40 theme cancer 2292:2297 arg1 cells 2299:2303 the cancer cells 2288:2303 the cancer cells 2288:2303 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirm specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells. 28750341 14 41 from effect 2414:2419 arg1 cells 2434:2438 cancerous cells 2424:2438 cancerous cells 2424:2438 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 12 42 theme PG-loaded 2048:2056 arg1 β-CD-MNPs 2058:2066 PG-loaded β-CD-MNPs 2048:2066 PG-loaded β-CD-MNPs to 1.27 and 1.85 2048:2083 This parameter was reduced for PG-loaded β-CD-MNPs to 1.27 and 1.85, while the SI for CS-MNPs improved considerably to 7.03 on MCF-7 cells. 28750341 0 43 theme prodigiosin 32:42 arg1 release 21:27 The enzyme-sensitive release 0:27 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin 0:42 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 14 44 theme prodigiosin 2393:2403 arg1 effect 2414:2419 the prodigiosin toxicity effect 2389:2419 the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs 2389:2453 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 3 45 theme model 495:499 arg1 Prodigiosin 462:472 Prodigiosin 462:472 Prodigiosin (PG) 462:477 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 3 45 theme model 495:499 arg1 drug 512:515 the model anti-tumor drug 491:515 the model anti-tumor drug 491:515 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 0 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 52:65 arg1 nanoparticles 89:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles 52:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies 52:193 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 52:65 arg1 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 52:65 arg1 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 1 47 theme smart 240:244 arg1 systems 275:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems 222:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy 222:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 4 48 dep Fourier 678:684 arg1 transform 686:694 transform 686:694 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 686:795 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 6 49 theme magnetic 1081:1088 arg1 nanoparticles 1090:1102 bare magnetic nanoparticles 1076:1102 bare magnetic nanoparticles 1076:1102 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 11 50 from index 1937:1941 arg1 cells 1979:1983 MCF-7 and HepG2 cells 1963:1983 cells 1979:1983 The selective index (SI) for free PG on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 1.54 and 4.42 respectively. 28750341 1 51 theme drug 261:264 arg1 systems 275:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems 222:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy 222:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 9 52 theme hydrolytic 1563:1572 arg1 alpha-amylase 1583:1595 alpha-amylase 1583:1595 alpha-amylase 1583:1595 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 52 theme hydrolytic 1563:1572 arg1 enzymes 1574:1580 the hydrolytic enzymes 1559:1580 the hydrolytic enzymes 1559:1580 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 52 theme hydrolytic 1563:1572 arg1 chitosanase 1601:1611 chitosanase 1601:1611 chitosanase 1601:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 10 53 theme NIH/3T3 1817:1823 arg1 control 1808:1814 a non-cancerous control 1792:1814 a non-cancerous control 1792:1814 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 53 theme NIH/3T3 1817:1823 arg1 cells 1825:1829 NIH/3T3 cells 1817:1829 NIH/3T3 cells 1817:1829 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 2 54 theme carboxymethyl 395:407 arg1 CS 419:420 CS 419:420 CS 419:420 Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carriers. 28750341 2 54 theme carboxymethyl 395:407 arg1 chitosan 409:416 carboxymethyl chitosan 395:416 carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) 395:421 Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carriers. 28750341 7 55 theme anticancer 1214:1223 arg1 compound 1225:1232 The anticancer compound 1210:1232 The anticancer compound 1210:1232 The anticancer compound, prodigiosin (PG) was loaded into the NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs. 28750341 7 55 theme anticancer 1214:1223 arg1 prodigiosin 1235:1245 prodigiosin 1235:1245 prodigiosin (PG) 1235:1250 The anticancer compound, prodigiosin (PG) was loaded into the NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs. 28750341 4 56 theme grafting 599:606 arg1 process 608:614 grafting process 599:614 grafting process 599:614 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 3 57 theme tumor 539:543 arg1 cells 545:549 aggressive tumor cells 528:549 aggressive tumor cells 528:549 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 1 58 theme present 199:205 arg1 investigation 207:219 present investigation 199:219 present investigation 199:219 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 5 59 theme nanoparticles 853:865 arg1 size 841:844 the core crystal size 824:844 the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized 824:877 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 5 59 theme nanoparticles 853:865 arg1 14.2±2.1 884:891 14.2±2.1 884:891 14.2±2.1 884:891 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 9 60 theme 58.1 1625:1628 arg1 % 1638:1638 58.1 and 44.6% 1625:1638 % 1638:1638 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 60 theme 58.1 1625:1628 arg1 drug 1647:1650 the drug 1643:1650 the drug 1643:1650 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 7 61 theme % 1355:1355 arg1 efficiency 1298:1307 an encapsulation efficiency 1281:1307 an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs 1281:1371 The anticancer compound, prodigiosin (PG) was loaded into the NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 81% for the β-CD-MNPs, and 92% for the CS-MNPs. 28750341 2 62 theme Magnetic 346:353 arg1 Fe3O4 370:374 Fe3O4 370:374 Fe3O4 370:374 Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carriers. 28750341 2 62 theme Magnetic 346:353 arg1 nanoparticles 355:367 Magnetic nanoparticles 346:367 Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) 346:375 Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carriers. 28750341 2 62 theme Magnetic 346:353 arg1 carriers 452:459 carriers 452:459 carriers 452:459 Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carriers. 28750341 9 63 theme 44.6 1634:1637 arg1 % 1638:1638 58.1 and 44.6% 1625:1638 % 1638:1638 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 63 theme 44.6 1634:1637 arg1 drug 1647:1650 the drug 1643:1650 the drug 1643:1650 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 4 64 theme electron 651:658 arg1 TEM 672:674 TEM 672:674 TEM 672:674 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 64 theme electron 651:658 arg1 Fourier 678:684 Fourier 678:684 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 678:795 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 64 theme electron 651:658 arg1 microscope 660:669 transmission electron microscope 638:669 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 638:675 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 5 65 theme crystal 833:839 arg1 size 841:844 the core crystal size 824:844 the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized 824:877 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 5 65 theme crystal 833:839 arg1 14.2±2.1 884:891 14.2±2.1 884:891 14.2±2.1 884:891 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 10 66 theme nanocarriers 1729:1740 arg1 studies 1708:1714 Cytotoxicity studies 1695:1714 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, 1695:1830 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 12 67 theme MCF-7 2144:2148 arg1 cells 2150:2154 MCF-7 cells 2144:2154 MCF-7 cells 2144:2154 This parameter was reduced for PG-loaded β-CD-MNPs to 1.27 and 1.85, while the SI for CS-MNPs improved considerably to 7.03 on MCF-7 cells. 28750341 9 68 theme drug 1647:1650 arg1 % 1638:1638 58.1 and 44.6% 1625:1638 % 1638:1638 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 68 theme drug 1647:1650 arg1 drug 1647:1650 the drug 1643:1650 the drug 1643:1650 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 8 69 theme loading 1400:1406 arg1 capacity 1408:1415 a drug loading capacity 1393:1415 a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively 1393:1461 This translates to a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively. 28750341 6 70 theme 65.01emucm-3 1182:1193 arg1 values 1162:1167 values 1162:1167 values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3 1162:1193 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 10 71 theme greater 1880:1886 arg1 efficacy 1888:1895 greater efficacy 1880:1895 greater efficacy 1880:1895 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 4 72 dep transform 686:694 arg1 infrared 696:703 infrared 696:703 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 686:795 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 10 73 theme Cytotoxicity 1695:1706 arg1 studies 1708:1714 Cytotoxicity studies 1695:1714 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, 1695:1830 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 6 74 theme 37.48 1172:1176 arg1 values 1162:1167 values 1162:1167 values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3 1162:1193 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 9 75 dep in 1479:1480 arg1 vitro 1482:1486 vitro 1482:1486 vitro 1482:1486 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 0 76 theme magnetic 80:87 arg1 nanoparticles 89:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles 52:101 β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies 52:193 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 76 theme magnetic 80:87 arg1 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 Synthesis 142:150 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 0 76 theme magnetic 80:87 arg1 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 characterization 153:168 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 10 77 theme cell 1756:1759 arg1 HepG2 1778:1782 HepG2 1778:1782 HepG2 1778:1782 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 77 theme cell 1756:1759 arg1 MCF-7 1768:1772 MCF-7 1768:1772 MCF-7 1768:1772 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 77 theme cell 1756:1759 arg1 lines 1761:1765 two cancer cell lines 1745:1765 two cancer cell lines 1745:1765 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 78 theme cancer 1904:1909 arg1 lines 1916:1920 the cancer cell lines 1900:1920 the cancer cell lines 1900:1920 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 9 79 theme incubation 1683:1692 arg1 one-hour 1671:1678 one-hour 1671:1678 one-hour of incubation 1671:1692 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 8 80 theme MNPs 1444:1447 arg1 capacity 1408:1415 a drug loading capacity 1393:1415 a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively 1393:1461 This translates to a drug loading capacity of 56.17 and 59.17mg/100mg MNPs, respectively. 28750341 0 81 theme anticancer 109:118 arg1 system 134:139 an anticancer drug delivery system 106:139 an anticancer drug delivery system 106:139 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 13 82 theme flow 2223:2226 arg1 cytometry 2228:2236 flow cytometry 2223:2236 flow cytometry 2223:2236 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirm specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells. 28750341 10 83 from studies 1708:1714 arg1 HepG2 1778:1782 HepG2 1778:1782 HepG2 1778:1782 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 83 from studies 1708:1714 arg1 control 1808:1814 a non-cancerous control 1792:1814 a non-cancerous control 1792:1814 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 83 from studies 1708:1714 arg1 cells 1825:1829 NIH/3T3 cells 1817:1829 NIH/3T3 cells 1817:1829 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 83 from studies 1708:1714 arg1 lines 1761:1765 two cancer cell lines 1745:1765 two cancer cell lines 1745:1765 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 83 from studies 1708:1714 arg1 MCF-7 1768:1772 MCF-7 1768:1772 MCF-7 1768:1772 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 14 84 theme cancerous 2424:2432 arg1 cells 2434:2438 cancerous cells 2424:2438 cancerous cells 2424:2438 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 0 85 theme delivery 125:132 arg1 system 134:139 an anticancer drug delivery system 106:139 an anticancer drug delivery system 106:139 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 13 86 theme Complementary 2157:2169 arg1 studies 2171:2177 Complementary studies 2157:2177 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry 2157:2236 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirm specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells. 28750341 4 87 theme diffraction 770:780 arg1 analysis 788:795 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 764:795 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 764:795 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 87 theme diffraction 770:780 arg1 spectroscopy 705:716 spectroscopy 705:716 spectroscopy (FT-IR) 705:724 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 0 88 theme enzyme-sensitive 4:19 arg1 release 21:27 The enzyme-sensitive release 0:27 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin 0:42 The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. 28750341 13 89 theme nanocarriers 2272:2283 arg1 targeting 2255:2263 specific targeting 2246:2263 specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells 2246:2303 Complementary studies by fluorescence and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirm specific targeting of the nanocarriers to the cancer cells. 28750341 6 90 theme saturation 1043:1052 arg1 Ms 1069:1070 Ms 1069:1070 Ms 1069:1070 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 6 90 theme saturation 1043:1052 arg1 magnetization 1054:1066 The saturation magnetization 1039:1066 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles 1039:1102 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 6 90 theme saturation 1043:1052 arg1 50.10emucm-3 1107:1118 50.10emucm-3 1107:1118 50.10emucm-3 1107:1118 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 14 91 contain have 2339:2342 arg1 CS-MNPs 2331:2337 CS-MNPs 2331:2337 CS-MNPs 2331:2337 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 14 91 contain have 2339:2342 arg2 potency 2351:2357 higher potency 2344:2357 higher potency 2344:2357 The results suggest that CS-MNPs have higher potency and are better able to target the prodigiosin toxicity effect on cancerous cells than β-CD-MNPs. 28750341 1 92 theme glucose 226:232 arg1 systems 275:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems 222:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy 222:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 9 93 theme loaded 1520:1525 arg1 nanocarriers 1527:1538 the loaded nanocarriers 1516:1538 the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1516:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 94 from nanocarriers 1527:1538 arg1 release 1488:1494 in vitro release 1479:1494 in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1479:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 94 from nanocarriers 1527:1538 arg1 presence 1547:1554 the presence 1543:1554 the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1543:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 9 94 from nanocarriers 1527:1538 arg1 Measurement 1464:1474 Measurement 1464:1474 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1464:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 10 95 theme non-cancerous 1794:1806 arg1 control 1808:1814 a non-cancerous control 1792:1814 a non-cancerous control 1792:1814 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 10 95 theme non-cancerous 1794:1806 arg1 cells 1825:1829 NIH/3T3 cells 1817:1829 NIH/3T3 cells 1817:1829 Cytotoxicity studies of PG-loaded nanocarriers on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2, and on a non-cancerous control, NIH/3T3 cells, revealed that the drug loaded nanoparticles had greater efficacy on the cancer cell lines. 28750341 3 96 theme anti-tumor 501:510 arg1 Prodigiosin 462:472 Prodigiosin 462:472 Prodigiosin (PG) 462:477 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 3 96 theme anti-tumor 501:510 arg1 drug 512:515 the model anti-tumor drug 491:515 the model anti-tumor drug 491:515 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 5 97 theme light 980:984 arg1 DLS 998:1000 DLS 998:1000 DLS 998:1000 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 5 97 theme light 980:984 arg1 scattering 986:995 dynamic light scattering 972:995 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 972:1001 The results revealed that the core crystal size of the nanoparticles synthesized were 14.2±2.1 and 9.8±1.4nm for β-CD and CS-MNPs respectively when measured using TEM; while dynamic light scattering (DLS) gave diameters of 121.1 and 38.2nm. 28750341 6 98 theme nanoparticles 1090:1102 arg1 Ms 1069:1070 Ms 1069:1070 Ms 1069:1070 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 6 98 theme nanoparticles 1090:1102 arg1 magnetization 1054:1066 The saturation magnetization 1039:1066 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles 1039:1102 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 6 98 theme nanoparticles 1090:1102 arg1 50.10emucm-3 1107:1118 50.10emucm-3 1107:1118 50.10emucm-3 1107:1118 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 9 99 theme release 1488:1494 arg1 Measurement 1464:1474 Measurement 1464:1474 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase 1464:1611 Measurement of in vitro release of prodigiosin from the loaded nanocarriers in the presence of the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and chitosanase showed that 58.1 and 44.6% of the drug was released after one-hour of incubation. 28750341 1 100 theme tumor-targeted 246:259 arg1 systems 275:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems 222:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy 222:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 28750341 6 101 theme bare 1076:1079 arg1 nanoparticles 1090:1102 bare magnetic nanoparticles 1076:1102 bare magnetic nanoparticles 1076:1102 The saturation magnetization (Ms) of bare magnetic nanoparticles is 50.10emucm-3, while modification with β-CD and CS gave values of 37.48 and 65.01emucm-3, respectively. 28750341 4 102 theme transmission 638:649 arg1 TEM 672:674 TEM 672:674 TEM 672:674 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 102 theme transmission 638:649 arg1 Fourier 678:684 Fourier 678:684 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 678:795 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 4 102 theme transmission 638:649 arg1 microscope 660:669 transmission electron microscope 638:669 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 638:675 The morphology, properties and composition and grafting process were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 28750341 3 103 theme aggressive 528:537 arg1 cells 545:549 aggressive tumor cells 528:549 aggressive tumor cells 528:549 Prodigiosin (PG) was used as the model anti-tumor drug, targeting aggressive tumor cells. 28750341 1 104 theme delivery 266:273 arg1 systems 275:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems 222:281 two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy 222:328 In present investigation, two glucose based smart tumor-targeted drug delivery systems coupled with enzyme-sensitive release strategy are introduced. 25129796 1 0 theme water 150:154 arg1 purification 156:167 water purification 150:167 water purification 150:167 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 2 1 with structure 385:393 arg1 thickness 400:408 thickness 400:408 thickness 400:408 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 1 2 theme chitosan 246:253 arg1 matrix 255:260 chitosan matrix 246:260 chitosan matrix 246:260 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 4 3 with nanoporous 688:697 arg1 pores 704:708 pores 704:708 pores in the range of 13-10nm 704:732 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements showed that the membranes were nanoporous with pores in the range of 13-10nm. 25129796 2 4 with cross-linking 457:469 arg1 vapors 491:496 gluteraldehyde vapors 476:496 gluteraldehyde vapors 476:496 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 2 5 theme wt 329:330 arg1 % 331:331 10 wt% 326:331 10 wt% 326:331 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 2 5 theme wt 329:330 arg1 chitosan 316:323 chitosan 316:323 chitosan 316:323 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 0 6 theme dyes 94:97 arg1 removal 83:89 removal 83:89 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 0:109 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 5 7 dep flux 761:764 arg1 -1 779:780 -1 779:780 -1 779:780 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 7 dep flux 761:764 arg1 h 777:777 64 Lm(-2) h 767:777 64 Lm(-2) h(-1) 767:781 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 0 8 from entity 63:68 arg1 chitosan 73:80 chitosan 73:80 chitosan 73:80 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 6 9 theme electrostatic 1017:1029 arg1 attraction 1031:1040 the electrostatic attraction 1013:1040 the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged CNCs and the positively charged dyes 1013:1104 The removal of dyes was expected to be driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged CNCs and the positively charged dyes. 25129796 4 10 theme 13-10nm 726:732 arg1 range 717:721 the range 713:721 the range of 13-10nm 713:732 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements showed that the membranes were nanoporous with pores in the range of 13-10nm. 25129796 1 11 theme freeze-drying 266:278 arg1 process 280:286 freeze-drying process 266:286 freeze-drying process followed by compacting 266:309 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 3 12 theme microscopy 517:526 arg1 studies 534:540 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 499:540 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 499:540 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 2 13 theme nanoporous 365:374 arg1 structure 385:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure 352:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors 352:496 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 5 14 theme water 755:759 arg1 flux 761:764 the low water flux 747:764 the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)) 747:782 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 15 theme contact 943:949 arg1 time 951:954 a contact time 941:954 a contact time of 24h 941:961 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 0 16 theme Nanoporous 0:9 arg1 membranes 11:19 Nanoporous membranes 0:19 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 0:109 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 5 17 theme 24h 959:961 arg1 time 951:954 a contact time 941:954 a contact time of 24h 941:961 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 6 18 theme charged 1093:1099 arg1 dyes 1101:1104 the positively charged dyes 1078:1104 the positively charged dyes 1078:1104 The removal of dyes was expected to be driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged CNCs and the positively charged dyes. 25129796 3 19 theme well-individualized 551:569 arg1 CNCs 571:574 well-individualized CNCs 551:574 well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan 551:607 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 2 20 theme stable 354:359 arg1 structure 385:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure 352:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors 352:496 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 2 21 theme μm 421:422 arg1 thickness 400:408 thickness 400:408 thickness 400:408 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 5 22 theme Violet 907:912 arg1 2B 914:915 Methyl Violet 2B 900:915 Methyl Violet 2B 900:915 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 3 23 from embedded 576:583 arg1 matrix 590:595 a matrix 588:595 a matrix of chitosan 588:607 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 1 24 theme cellulose 190:198 arg1 CNCs 214:217 CNCs 214:217 CNCs 214:217 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 1 24 theme cellulose 190:198 arg1 nanocrystals 200:211 cellulose nanocrystals 190:211 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 190:218 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 0 25 theme cellulose 26:34 arg1 nanocrystals 36:47 cellulose nanocrystals 26:47 cellulose nanocrystals 26:47 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 2 26 from CNCs 344:347 arg1 structure 385:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure 352:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors 352:496 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 4 27 theme Emmett 620:625 arg1 measurements 644:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements 610:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements 610:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements showed that the membranes were nanoporous with pores in the range of 13-10nm. 25129796 5 28 theme Lm 770:771 arg1 -1 779:780 -1 779:780 -1 779:780 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 28 theme Lm 770:771 arg1 h 777:777 64 Lm(-2) h 767:777 64 Lm(-2) h(-1) 767:781 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 0 29 from removal 83:89 arg1 water 104:108 water 104:108 water 104:108 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 6 30 theme dyes 979:982 arg1 removal 968:974 The removal 964:974 The removal of dyes 964:982 The removal of dyes was expected to be driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged CNCs and the positively charged dyes. 25129796 5 31 theme Blue 891:894 arg1 2B 896:897 Victoria Blue 2B 882:897 Victoria Blue 2B 882:897 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 3 32 from matrix 590:595 arg1 embedded 576:583 embedded 576:583 embedded 576:583 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 4 33 theme BET 639:641 arg1 measurements 644:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements 610:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements 610:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements showed that the membranes were nanoporous with pores in the range of 13-10nm. 25129796 2 34 theme membrane 376:383 arg1 structure 385:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure 352:393 a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors 352:496 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 5 35 theme low 751:753 arg1 flux 761:764 the low water flux 747:764 the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)) 747:782 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 1 36 from entities 234:241 arg1 matrix 255:260 chitosan matrix 246:260 chitosan matrix 246:260 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 3 37 theme embedded 576:583 arg1 CNCs 571:574 well-individualized CNCs 551:574 well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan 551:607 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 0 38 theme functional 52:61 arg1 entity 63:68 functional entity 52:68 functional entity in chitosan 52:80 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 0 39 from water 104:108 arg1 dyes 94:97 dyes 94:97 dyes from water 94:108 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 0 39 from water 104:108 arg1 removal 83:89 removal 83:89 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 0:109 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 5 40 theme Methyl 900:905 arg1 2B 914:915 Methyl Violet 2B 900:915 Methyl Violet 2B 900:915 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 0 41 with membranes 11:19 arg1 nanocrystals 36:47 cellulose nanocrystals 26:47 cellulose nanocrystals 26:47 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 4 42 from pores 704:708 arg1 range 717:721 the range 713:721 the range of 13-10nm 713:732 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements showed that the membranes were nanoporous with pores in the range of 13-10nm. 25129796 5 43 theme Victoria 882:889 arg1 2B 896:897 Victoria Blue 2B 882:897 Victoria Blue 2B 882:897 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 44 theme charged 864:870 arg1 dyes 872:875 positively charged dyes 853:875 positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B 853:897 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 1 45 theme biobased 117:124 arg1 entities 234:241 functional entities 223:241 functional entities in chitosan matrix 223:260 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 1 45 theme biobased 117:124 arg1 membranes 136:144 Fully biobased composite membranes 111:144 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification 111:167 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 5 46 theme dyes 872:875 arg1 % 822:822 98% 820:822 98% 820:822 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 46 theme dyes 872:875 arg1 2B 914:915 Methyl Violet 2B 900:915 Methyl Violet 2B 900:915 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 46 theme dyes 872:875 arg1 % 835:835 70% 833:835 70% 833:835 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 46 theme dyes 872:875 arg1 % 827:827 84% 825:827 84% 825:827 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 46 theme dyes 872:875 arg1 6G 931:932 Rhodamine 6G 921:932 Rhodamine 6G 921:932 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 5 46 theme dyes 872:875 arg1 dyes 872:875 positively charged dyes 853:875 positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B 853:897 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 1 47 theme composite 126:134 arg1 entities 234:241 functional entities 223:241 functional entities in chitosan matrix 223:260 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 1 47 theme composite 126:134 arg1 membranes 136:144 Fully biobased composite membranes 111:144 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification 111:167 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 1 48 theme functional 223:232 arg1 entities 234:241 functional entities 223:241 functional entities in chitosan matrix 223:260 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 1 48 theme functional 223:232 arg1 membranes 136:144 Fully biobased composite membranes 111:144 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification 111:167 Fully biobased composite membranes for water purification were fabricated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as functional entities in chitosan matrix via freeze-drying process followed by compacting. 25129796 2 49 theme gluteraldehyde 476:489 arg1 vapors 491:496 gluteraldehyde vapors 476:496 gluteraldehyde vapors 476:496 The chitosan (10 wt%) bound the CNCs in a stable and nanoporous membrane structure with thickness of 250-270 μm, which was further stabilized by cross-linking with gluteraldehyde vapors. 25129796 5 50 theme Rhodamine 921:929 arg1 6G 931:932 Rhodamine 6G 921:932 Rhodamine 6G 921:932 In spite of the low water flux (64 Lm(-2) h(-1)), the membranes successfully removed 98%, 84% and 70% respectively of positively charged dyes like Victoria Blue 2B, Methyl Violet 2B and Rhodamine 6G, after a contact time of 24h. 25129796 0 51 dep membranes 11:19 arg1 removal 83:89 removal 83:89 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 0:109 Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: removal of dyes from water. 25129796 3 52 theme Scanning 499:506 arg1 SEM 529:531 SEM 529:531 SEM 529:531 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 3 52 theme Scanning 499:506 arg1 microscopy 517:526 Scanning electron microscopy 499:526 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 499:540 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 4 53 theme Brunauer 610:617 arg1 measurements 644:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements 610:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements 610:655 Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) measurements showed that the membranes were nanoporous with pores in the range of 13-10nm. 25129796 3 54 theme chitosan 600:607 arg1 matrix 590:595 a matrix 588:595 a matrix of chitosan 588:607 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 6 55 theme charged 1061:1067 arg1 CNCs 1069:1072 negatively charged CNCs 1050:1072 negatively charged CNCs 1050:1072 The removal of dyes was expected to be driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged CNCs and the positively charged dyes. 25129796 3 56 theme electron 508:515 arg1 SEM 529:531 SEM 529:531 SEM 529:531 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 25129796 3 56 theme electron 508:515 arg1 microscopy 517:526 Scanning electron microscopy 499:526 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 499:540 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed well-individualized CNCs embedded in a matrix of chitosan. 28396578 6 0 theme glycosaminoglycans 1013:1030 arg1 preservation 997:1008 preservation 997:1008 preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines 997:1061 Structural ECM-conservation is strongly dependent on decellularization temperature, while preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines was affected by the detergents used. 28396578 11 1 theme scoring 2139:2145 arg1 system 2147:2152 the scoring system 2135:2152 the scoring system 2135:2152 Furthermore, the scoring system indicated that cell attachment and viability cannot be concluded from any other parameter and should therefore always be included in evaluation of decellularization strategies. 28396578 2 2 from ECM 241:243 arg1 tissues 263:269 decellularized tissues 248:269 decellularized tissues 248:269 Maintaining the native ECM in decellularized tissues provides cues for cells, which promote their tissue specific arrangement and function. 28396578 1 3 theme biochemical 193:203 arg1 composition 205:215 biochemical composition 193:215 biochemical composition 193:215 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 6 4 theme decellularization 960:976 arg1 temperature 978:988 decellularization temperature 960:988 decellularization temperature 960:988 Structural ECM-conservation is strongly dependent on decellularization temperature, while preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines was affected by the detergents used. 28396578 11 5 theme cell 2169:2172 arg1 attachment 2174:2183 cell attachment 2169:2183 cell attachment 2169:2183 Furthermore, the scoring system indicated that cell attachment and viability cannot be concluded from any other parameter and should therefore always be included in evaluation of decellularization strategies. 28396578 11 6 theme strategies 2319:2328 arg1 evaluation 2287:2296 evaluation 2287:2296 evaluation of decellularization strategies 2287:2328 Furthermore, the scoring system indicated that cell attachment and viability cannot be concluded from any other parameter and should therefore always be included in evaluation of decellularization strategies. 28396578 4 7 theme sodium 714:719 arg1 SDC 735:737 SDC 735:737 SDC 735:737 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 4 7 theme sodium 714:719 arg1 deoxycholate 721:732 sodium deoxycholate 714:732 sodium deoxycholate (SDC) 714:738 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 4 8 theme detergents 681:690 arg1 X-100 699:703 three detergents Triton X-100 675:703 three detergents Triton X-100 675:703 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 2 9 theme specific 323:330 arg1 arrangement 332:342 their tissue specific arrangement 310:342 their tissue specific arrangement 310:342 Maintaining the native ECM in decellularized tissues provides cues for cells, which promote their tissue specific arrangement and function. 28396578 7 10 theme cytokine 1411:1418 arg1 preservation 1420:1431 the cytokine preservation 1407:1431 the cytokine preservation 1407:1431 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 10 11 theme low 2052:2054 arg1 concentration 2056:2068 low concentration 2052:2068 low concentration 2052:2068 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 7 12 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 SDS 1145:1147 1% SDS 1142:1147 1% SDS 1142:1147 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 9 13 theme % 1767:1767 arg1 SDC 1769:1771 1% SDC 1766:1771 1% SDC at 4 °C 1766:1779 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 4 14 theme variable 743:750 arg1 temperatures 752:763 variable temperatures 743:763 variable temperatures 743:763 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 9 15 from °C 1701:1702 arg1 decellularization 1666:1682 decellularization 1666:1682 decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C 1666:1702 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 7 16 theme collagen 1382:1389 arg1 maintenance 1391:1401 collagen maintenance 1382:1401 collagen maintenance 1382:1401 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 7 17 theme 1 1200:1200 arg1 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 1 18 theme tissue 144:149 arg1 engineering 151:161 tissue engineering 144:161 tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition 144:215 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 7 19 theme GAG 1374:1376 arg1 degree 1364:1369 the degree 1360:1369 the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance 1360:1401 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 7 20 theme cell 1275:1278 arg1 attachment 1230:1239 attachment 1230:1239 attachment 1230:1239 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 7 20 theme cell 1275:1278 arg1 Viability 1216:1224 4 °C. Viability 1210:1224 4 °C. Viability 1210:1224 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 10 21 theme time 2093:2096 arg1 period 2083:2088 a short period 2075:2088 a short period of time 2075:2096 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 7 22 theme pluripotent 1258:1268 arg1 cell 1275:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell 1244:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation 1244:1431 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 5 23 theme comparative 770:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 comparative analysis 770:789 comparative analysis 770:789 For comparative analysis decellularization efficacies, structural preservation, composition and cell attachment and viability were analyzed. 28396578 8 24 theme decellularization 1565:1581 arg1 strategies 1583:1592 decellularization strategies 1565:1592 decellularization strategies 1565:1592 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 5 25 theme decellularization 791:807 arg1 efficacies 809:818 decellularization efficacies 791:818 decellularization efficacies 791:818 For comparative analysis decellularization efficacies, structural preservation, composition and cell attachment and viability were analyzed. 28396578 0 26 theme scaffolds 53:61 arg1 characterization 12:27 Comparative characterization 0:27 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 0:85 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 28396578 1 27 theme extracellular 94:106 arg1 ECM 116:118 ECM 116:118 ECM 116:118 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 1 27 theme extracellular 94:106 arg1 matrix 108:113 Native extracellular matrix 87:113 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) 87:119 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 3 28 theme renal 453:457 arg1 tissue 459:464 renal tissue 453:464 renal tissue 453:464 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 0 29 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 characterization 12:27 Comparative characterization 0:27 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 0:85 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 28396578 9 30 theme cell 1845:1848 arg1 score 1862:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 10 31 dep structural 1969:1978 arg1 highest 1961:1967 highest 1961:1967 highest 1961:1967 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 7 32 theme 4 1210:1210 arg1 °C. 1212:1214 °C. 1212:1214 °C. 1212:1214 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 10 33 theme studies 1901:1907 arg1 Inclusion 1869:1877 Inclusion 1869:1877 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison 1869:1944 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 0 34 theme renal 47:51 arg1 scaffolds 53:61 decellularized renal scaffolds 32:61 decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering 32:84 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 28396578 10 35 theme multiple 1882:1889 arg1 studies 1901:1907 multiple published studies 1882:1907 multiple published studies 1882:1907 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 8 36 theme structural 1443:1452 arg1 characteristics 1469:1483 structural and functional characteristics 1443:1483 structural and functional characteristics 1443:1483 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 9 37 dep structural 1725:1734 arg1 highest 1717:1723 highest 1717:1723 highest 1717:1723 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 2 38 theme native 234:239 arg1 ECM 241:243 the native ECM 230:243 the native ECM in decellularized tissues 230:269 Maintaining the native ECM in decellularized tissues provides cues for cells, which promote their tissue specific arrangement and function. 28396578 8 39 theme functional 1458:1467 arg1 characteristics 1469:1483 structural and functional characteristics 1443:1483 structural and functional characteristics 1443:1483 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 9 40 from °C 1778:1779 arg1 SDC 1769:1771 1% SDC 1766:1771 1% SDC at 4 °C 1766:1779 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 9 41 theme % 1690:1690 arg1 SDS 1692:1694 1% SDS 1689:1694 1% SDS 1689:1694 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 4 42 theme porcine 648:654 arg1 tissue 663:668 porcine kidney tissue 648:668 porcine kidney tissue 648:668 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 3 43 theme ECM 558:560 arg1 decellularization 522:538 decellularization 522:538 decellularization 522:538 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 3 43 theme ECM 558:560 arg1 assessment 544:553 assessment 544:553 assessment 544:553 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 7 44 theme induced 1250:1256 arg1 cell 1275:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell 1244:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation 1244:1431 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 7 45 theme renal 1288:1292 arg1 cells 1304:1308 renal precursor cells 1288:1308 renal precursor cells 1288:1308 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 4 46 theme immersion 612:620 arg1 protocol 622:629 a standardized immersion protocol 597:629 a standardized immersion protocol 597:629 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 9 47 with decellularization 1666:1682 arg1 SDS 1692:1694 1% SDS 1689:1694 1% SDS 1689:1694 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 7 48 dep maintained 1128:1137 arg1 whereas 1158:1164 whereas 1158:1164 whereas 1158:1164 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 10 49 theme composition 1984:1994 arg1 scores 1996:2001 the highest structural and composition scores 1957:2001 scores 1996:2001 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 9 50 contain had 1781:1783 arg1 SDC 1769:1771 1% SDC 1766:1771 1% SDC at 4 °C 1766:1779 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 9 50 contain had 1781:1783 arg2 composition 1806:1816 composition 1806:1816 composition 1806:1816 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 9 50 contain had 1781:1783 arg2 score 1862:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 5 51 theme cell 862:865 arg1 attachment 867:876 cell attachment 862:876 cell attachment 862:876 For comparative analysis decellularization efficacies, structural preservation, composition and cell attachment and viability were analyzed. 28396578 11 52 theme decellularization 2301:2317 arg1 strategies 2319:2328 decellularization strategies 2301:2328 decellularization strategies 2301:2328 Furthermore, the scoring system indicated that cell attachment and viability cannot be concluded from any other parameter and should therefore always be included in evaluation of decellularization strategies. 28396578 9 53 theme structural 1791:1800 arg1 composition 1806:1816 composition 1806:1816 composition 1806:1816 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 9 54 theme composition 1740:1750 arg1 scores 1752:1757 the highest structural and composition scores 1713:1757 scores 1752:1757 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 6 55 theme cytokines 1053:1061 arg1 preservation 997:1008 preservation 997:1008 preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines 997:1061 Structural ECM-conservation is strongly dependent on decellularization temperature, while preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines was affected by the detergents used. 28396578 4 56 theme three 675:679 arg1 detergents 681:690 detergents 681:690 detergents 681:690 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 7 57 theme 1 1142:1142 arg1 % 1143:1143 % 1143:1143 % 1143:1143 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 6 58 theme collagens 1039:1047 arg1 preservation 997:1008 preservation 997:1008 preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines 997:1061 Structural ECM-conservation is strongly dependent on decellularization temperature, while preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines was affected by the detergents used. 28396578 9 59 theme 1 1766:1766 arg1 % 1767:1767 % 1767:1767 % 1767:1767 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 8 60 theme scoring 1501:1507 arg1 system 1509:1514 a scoring system 1499:1514 a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies 1499:1592 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 4 61 theme Triton 692:697 arg1 X-100 699:703 three detergents Triton X-100 675:703 three detergents Triton X-100 675:703 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 2 62 theme decellularized 248:261 arg1 tissues 263:269 decellularized tissues 248:269 decellularized tissues 248:269 Maintaining the native ECM in decellularized tissues provides cues for cells, which promote their tissue specific arrangement and function. 28396578 8 63 theme intra- 1528:1533 arg1 comparison 1551:1560 intra- and inter-study comparison 1528:1560 intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies 1528:1592 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 7 64 theme maintenance 1391:1401 arg1 degree 1364:1369 the degree 1360:1369 the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance 1360:1401 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 7 65 theme stem 1270:1273 arg1 cell 1275:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell 1244:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation 1244:1431 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 8 66 theme inter-study 1539:1549 arg1 comparison 1551:1560 intra- and inter-study comparison 1528:1560 intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies 1528:1592 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 7 67 theme human 1244:1248 arg1 cell 1275:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell 1244:1278 human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation 1244:1431 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 5 68 theme structural 821:830 arg1 preservation 832:843 structural preservation 821:843 structural preservation 821:843 For comparative analysis decellularization efficacies, structural preservation, composition and cell attachment and viability were analyzed. 28396578 1 69 theme natural 168:174 arg1 architecture 176:187 natural architecture 168:187 natural architecture 168:187 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 3 70 theme Several 358:364 arg1 approaches 366:375 Several approaches 358:375 Several approaches 358:375 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 1 71 with engineering 151:161 arg1 composition 205:215 biochemical composition 193:215 biochemical composition 193:215 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 1 71 with engineering 151:161 arg1 architecture 176:187 natural architecture 168:187 natural architecture 168:187 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 8 72 theme strategies 1583:1592 arg1 comparison 1551:1560 intra- and inter-study comparison 1528:1560 intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies 1528:1592 Based on structural and functional characteristics, we developed a scoring system that allows intra- and inter-study comparison of decellularization strategies. 28396578 10 73 theme short 2077:2081 arg1 period 2083:2088 a short period 2075:2088 a short period of time 2075:2096 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 3 74 used used 387:390 arg2 approaches 366:375 Several approaches 358:375 Several approaches 358:375 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 9 75 theme scoring 1614:1620 arg1 system 1622:1627 the scoring system 1610:1627 the scoring system 1610:1627 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 7 76 theme °C. 1212:1214 arg1 Viability 1216:1224 4 °C. Viability 1210:1224 4 °C. Viability 1210:1224 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 3 77 from kidney 422:427 arg1 ECM 409:411 ECM 409:411 ECM from the kidney 409:427 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 9 78 theme better 1838:1843 arg1 score 1862:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 3 79 dep reestablish 441:451 arg1 to 438:439 to 438:439 to 438:439 Several approaches have been used to decellularize ECM from the kidney in order to reestablish renal tissue but their comparability is hampered because methods for decellularization and assessment of ECM vary widely. 28396578 0 80 theme decellularized 32:45 arg1 scaffolds 53:61 decellularized renal scaffolds 32:61 decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering 32:84 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 28396578 9 81 theme experimental 1636:1647 arg1 data 1649:1652 our experimental data 1632:1652 our experimental data 1632:1652 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 9 82 theme performance 1850:1860 arg1 score 1862:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 a significantly better cell performance score 1822:1866 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 4 83 theme standardized 599:610 arg1 protocol 622:629 a standardized immersion protocol 597:629 a standardized immersion protocol 597:629 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 1 84 theme Native 87:92 arg1 ECM 116:118 ECM 116:118 ECM 116:118 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 1 84 theme Native 87:92 arg1 matrix 108:113 Native extracellular matrix 87:113 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) 87:119 Native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides scaffolds for tissue engineering with natural architecture and biochemical composition. 28396578 7 85 theme % 1201:1201 arg1 SDC 1203:1205 1% SDC 1200:1205 1% SDC 1200:1205 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 28396578 10 86 from Inclusion 1869:1877 arg1 matrix 1924:1929 the scoring matrix 1912:1929 the scoring matrix for comparison 1912:1944 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 10 87 theme published 1891:1899 arg1 studies 1901:1907 multiple published studies 1882:1907 multiple published studies 1882:1907 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 0 88 theme tissue 67:72 arg1 engineering 74:84 tissue engineering 67:84 tissue engineering 67:84 Comparative characterization of decellularized renal scaffolds for tissue engineering. 28396578 11 89 theme other 2228:2232 arg1 parameter 2234:2242 any other parameter 2224:2242 any other parameter 2224:2242 Furthermore, the scoring system indicated that cell attachment and viability cannot be concluded from any other parameter and should therefore always be included in evaluation of decellularization strategies. 28396578 6 90 theme Structural 907:916 arg1 ECM-conservation 918:933 Structural ECM-conservation 907:933 Structural ECM-conservation 907:933 Structural ECM-conservation is strongly dependent on decellularization temperature, while preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagens and cytokines was affected by the detergents used. 28396578 10 91 theme low 2105:2107 arg1 temperature 2109:2119 low temperature 2105:2119 low temperature 2105:2119 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 4 92 theme kidney 656:661 arg1 tissue 663:668 porcine kidney tissue 648:668 porcine kidney tissue 648:668 Therefore, we applied a standardized immersion protocol to decellularize porcine kidney tissue with three detergents Triton X-100, SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at variable temperatures. 28396578 9 93 theme system 1622:1627 arg1 Application 1595:1605 Application 1595:1605 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data 1595:1652 Application of the scoring system to our experimental data showed that decellularization with 1% SDS at 4 °C provided the highest structural and composition scores, while 1% SDC at 4 °C had lower structural and composition but a significantly better cell performance score. 28396578 10 94 theme scoring 1916:1922 arg1 matrix 1924:1929 the scoring matrix 1912:1929 the scoring matrix for comparison 1912:1944 Inclusion of multiple published studies in the scoring matrix for comparison identified the highest structural and composition scores when decellularization was performed with SDS at low concentration, for a short period of time and at low temperature. 28396578 7 95 theme precursor 1294:1302 arg1 cells 1304:1308 renal precursor cells 1288:1308 renal precursor cells 1288:1308 GAG and collagens were best maintained by 1% SDS at 4 °C, whereas cytokines were best maintained in 1% SDC at 4 °C. Viability and attachment of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived renal precursor cells were best in SDC-ECM and thus not associated with the degree of GAG and collagen maintenance but the cytokine preservation. 29277050 2 0 theme digestibility 493:505 arg1 terms 452:456 terms 452:456 terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production 452:526 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 5 1 theme ionic 802:806 arg1 80 °C 828:832 80 °C 828:832 80 °C 828:832 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 5 1 theme ionic 802:806 arg1 temperature 815:825 low ionic liquid temperature 798:825 low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C) 798:833 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 1 2 theme liquid 167:172 arg1 treatments 184:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments 161:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood 161:212 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 2 3 from conditions 327:336 arg1 combination 369:379 combination 369:379 combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 369:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 6 4 theme homogeneity 992:1002 arg1 measure 981:987 a measure 979:987 a measure of homogeneity 979:1002 Using SEM micrographs, fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) and lacunarity (as a measure of homogeneity) were calculated before and after pretreatment. 29277050 2 5 theme enzymatic 483:491 arg1 digestibility 493:505 enzymatic digestibility 483:505 enzymatic digestibility 483:505 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 7 6 theme homogeneous 1140:1150 arg1 samples 1152:1158 morphologically complex and homogeneous samples 1112:1158 morphologically complex and homogeneous samples 1112:1158 High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails. 29277050 1 7 theme microwave 174:182 arg1 treatments 184:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments 161:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood 161:212 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 1 8 theme subsequent 268:277 arg1 step 300:303 a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step 266:303 a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step 266:303 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 0 9 theme globulus 108:115 arg1 wood 117:120 Eucalyptus globulus wood 97:120 Eucalyptus globulus wood 97:120 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 2 10 theme autohydrolysis 312:325 arg1 200 °C 358:363 200 °C 358:363 200 °C 358:363 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 10 theme autohydrolysis 312:325 arg1 175 °C 347:352 175 °C 347:352 175 °C 347:352 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 10 theme autohydrolysis 312:325 arg1 150 °C 339:344 150 °C 339:344 150 °C 339:344 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 10 theme autohydrolysis 312:325 arg1 conditions 327:336 Three autohydrolysis conditions 306:336 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 306:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 1 11 theme enzymatic 279:287 arg1 step 300:303 a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step 266:303 a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step 266:303 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 0 12 theme Eucalyptus 97:106 arg1 wood 117:120 Eucalyptus globulus wood 97:120 Eucalyptus globulus wood 97:120 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 7 13 theme complex 1128:1134 arg1 samples 1152:1158 morphologically complex and homogeneous samples 1112:1158 morphologically complex and homogeneous samples 1112:1158 High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails. 29277050 1 14 theme hydrolysis 289:298 arg1 step 300:303 a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step 266:303 a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step 266:303 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 6 15 theme fractal 905:911 arg1 dimension 913:921 fractal dimension 905:921 fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) 905:958 Using SEM micrographs, fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) and lacunarity (as a measure of homogeneity) were calculated before and after pretreatment. 29277050 2 16 theme liquid 396:401 arg1 temperatures 403:414 two ionic liquid temperatures 386:414 two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 386:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 16 theme liquid 396:401 arg1 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 16 theme liquid 396:401 arg1 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 4 17 theme treatments 679:688 arg1 cooperation 659:669 The synergistic cooperation 643:669 The synergistic cooperation of both treatments 643:688 The synergistic cooperation of both treatments was demonstrated, enhancing cellulose accessibility. 29277050 0 18 theme wood 117:120 arg1 hydrolysis 83:92 enzymatic hydrolysis 73:92 enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood 73:120 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 5 19 theme liquid 808:813 arg1 80 °C 828:832 80 °C 828:832 80 °C 828:832 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 5 19 theme liquid 808:813 arg1 temperature 815:825 low ionic liquid temperature 798:825 low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C) 798:833 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 7 20 theme low 1081:1083 arg1 lacunarities 1085:1096 low lacunarities 1081:1096 low lacunarities 1081:1096 High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails. 29277050 0 21 theme enzymatic 73:81 arg1 hydrolysis 83:92 enzymatic hydrolysis 73:92 enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood 73:120 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 1 22 theme eucalyptus 198:207 arg1 wood 209:212 eucalyptus wood 198:212 eucalyptus wood 198:212 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 7 23 theme enzyme 1189:1194 arg1 cocktails 1196:1204 enzyme cocktails 1189:1204 enzyme cocktails 1189:1204 High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails. 29277050 3 24 theme biomass 573:579 arg1 surface 581:587 the biomass surface 569:587 the biomass surface 569:587 Morphology was measured (using SEM) and the biomass surface was visualized with confocal fluorescence microscopy. 29277050 1 25 theme wood 209:212 arg1 treatments 184:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments 161:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood 161:212 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 1 25 theme wood 209:212 arg1 combination 127:137 The combination 123:137 The combination of autohydrolysis 123:155 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 0 26 theme ionic 29:33 arg1 treatment 52:60 ionic liquid microwave treatment 29:60 ionic liquid microwave treatment 29:60 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 4 27 theme synergistic 647:657 arg1 cooperation 659:669 The synergistic cooperation 643:669 The synergistic cooperation of both treatments 643:688 The synergistic cooperation of both treatments was demonstrated, enhancing cellulose accessibility. 29277050 7 28 theme High 1052:1055 arg1 dimensions 1066:1075 High fractals dimensions 1052:1075 High fractals dimensions 1052:1075 High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails. 29277050 6 29 theme SEM 888:890 arg1 micrographs 892:902 SEM micrographs 888:902 SEM micrographs 888:902 Using SEM micrographs, fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) and lacunarity (as a measure of homogeneity) were calculated before and after pretreatment. 29277050 4 30 theme cellulose 718:726 arg1 accessibility 728:740 cellulose accessibility 718:740 cellulose accessibility 718:740 The synergistic cooperation of both treatments was demonstrated, enhancing cellulose accessibility. 29277050 0 31 theme microwave 42:50 arg1 treatment 52:60 ionic liquid microwave treatment 29:60 ionic liquid microwave treatment 29:60 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 5 32 theme intermediate 746:757 arg1 175 °C 786:791 175 °C 786:791 175 °C 786:791 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 5 32 theme intermediate 746:757 arg1 conditions 774:783 intermediate autohydrolysis conditions 746:783 intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) 746:792 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 2 33 theme ionic 390:394 arg1 temperatures 403:414 two ionic liquid temperatures 386:414 two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 386:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 33 theme ionic 390:394 arg1 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 33 theme ionic 390:394 arg1 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 5 34 theme % 866:866 arg1 digestibility 845:857 a glucan digestibility 836:857 a glucan digestibility of 84.4% 836:866 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 0 35 theme liquid 35:40 arg1 treatment 52:60 ionic liquid microwave treatment 29:60 ionic liquid microwave treatment 29:60 Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. 29277050 2 36 theme composition 470:480 arg1 terms 452:456 terms 452:456 terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production 452:526 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 5 37 theme glucan 838:843 arg1 digestibility 845:857 a glucan digestibility 836:857 a glucan digestibility of 84.4% 836:866 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 2 38 theme production 517:526 arg1 terms 452:456 terms 452:456 terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production 452:526 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 39 theme chemical 461:468 arg1 composition 470:480 chemical composition 461:480 chemical composition 461:480 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 6 40 theme complexity 948:957 arg1 measure 929:935 a measure 927:935 a measure of biomass complexity 927:957 Using SEM micrographs, fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) and lacunarity (as a measure of homogeneity) were calculated before and after pretreatment. 29277050 7 41 theme fractals 1057:1064 arg1 dimensions 1066:1075 High fractals dimensions 1052:1075 High fractals dimensions 1052:1075 High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails. 29277050 5 42 theme autohydrolysis 759:772 arg1 175 °C 786:791 175 °C 786:791 175 °C 786:791 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 5 42 theme autohydrolysis 759:772 arg1 conditions 774:783 intermediate autohydrolysis conditions 746:783 intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) 746:792 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 6 43 theme biomass 940:946 arg1 complexity 948:957 biomass complexity 940:957 biomass complexity 940:957 Using SEM micrographs, fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) and lacunarity (as a measure of homogeneity) were calculated before and after pretreatment. 29277050 2 44 with combination 369:379 arg1 temperatures 403:414 two ionic liquid temperatures 386:414 two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 386:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 44 with combination 369:379 arg1 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 44 with combination 369:379 arg1 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 45 dep conditions 327:336 arg1 200 °C 358:363 200 °C 358:363 200 °C 358:363 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 45 dep conditions 327:336 arg1 175 °C 347:352 175 °C 347:352 175 °C 347:352 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 45 dep conditions 327:336 arg1 150 °C 339:344 150 °C 339:344 150 °C 339:344 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 45 dep conditions 327:336 arg1 conditions 327:336 Three autohydrolysis conditions 306:336 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 306:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 3 46 theme fluorescence 618:629 arg1 microscopy 631:640 confocal fluorescence microscopy 609:640 confocal fluorescence microscopy 609:640 Morphology was measured (using SEM) and the biomass surface was visualized with confocal fluorescence microscopy. 29277050 1 47 theme autohydrolysis 142:155 arg1 treatments 184:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments 161:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood 161:212 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 1 47 theme autohydrolysis 142:155 arg1 combination 127:137 The combination 123:137 The combination of autohydrolysis 123:155 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 1 48 theme sugar 246:250 arg1 production 252:261 sugar production 246:261 sugar production 246:261 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 29277050 2 49 theme sugar 511:515 arg1 production 517:526 sugar production 511:526 sugar production 511:526 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 3 50 theme confocal 609:616 arg1 microscopy 631:640 confocal fluorescence microscopy 609:640 confocal fluorescence microscopy 609:640 Morphology was measured (using SEM) and the biomass surface was visualized with confocal fluorescence microscopy. 29277050 5 51 theme low 798:800 arg1 80 °C 828:832 80 °C 828:832 80 °C 828:832 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 5 51 theme low 798:800 arg1 temperature 815:825 low ionic liquid temperature 798:825 low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C) 798:833 At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. 29277050 2 52 dep temperatures 403:414 arg1 temperatures 403:414 two ionic liquid temperatures 386:414 two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) 386:433 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 52 dep temperatures 403:414 arg1 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 120 °C 427:432 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 2 52 dep temperatures 403:414 arg1 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 80 °C 417:421 Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. 29277050 1 53 theme ionic 161:165 arg1 treatments 184:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments 161:193 ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood 161:212 The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. 25902181 13 0 theme Simultaneous 1795:1806 arg1 implantation 1808:1819 Simultaneous implantation 1795:1819 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite 1795:1858 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 9 1 from MSCs 1285:1288 arg1 group 1310:1314 the experimental group 1293:1314 the experimental group 1293:1314 MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. 25902181 11 2 from effective 1502:1510 arg1 combination 1451:1461 combination 1451:1461 combination with MSCs 1451:1471 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 11 2 from effective 1502:1510 arg1 promotion 1519:1527 the promotion 1515:1527 the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization 1515:1563 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 8 3 from outcomes 1194:1201 arg1 groups 1235:1240 the control and experimental groups 1206:1240 the control and experimental groups 1206:1240 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 8 4 theme microscopy 1107:1116 arg1 analysis 1118:1125 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 1089:1125 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 1089:1125 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 8 5 theme similar 1186:1192 arg1 outcomes 1194:1201 similar outcomes 1186:1201 similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups 1186:1240 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 3 6 theme injectable 506:515 arg1 form 517:520 an injectable form 503:520 an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 503:565 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 13 7 theme cells 1829:1833 arg1 implantation 1808:1819 Simultaneous implantation 1795:1819 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite 1795:1858 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 0 8 theme engineering 106:116 arg1 composite 84:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 0 8 theme engineering 106:116 arg1 scaffold 123:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 13 9 with implantation 1808:1819 arg1 composite 1850:1858 a carrier composite 1840:1858 a carrier composite 1840:1858 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 12 10 theme injectable 1746:1755 arg1 composite 1757:1765 an effective injectable composite 1733:1765 an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone 1733:1792 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 2 11 theme composite 304:312 arg1 feasibility 257:267 the feasibility 253:267 the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects 253:343 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 11 12 from combination 1451:1461 arg1 effective 1502:1510 effective 1502:1510 effective 1502:1510 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 11 12 from combination 1451:1461 arg1 materials 1487:1495 the scaffold materials 1474:1495 the scaffold materials 1474:1495 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 3 13 theme mesenchymal 410:420 arg1 MSCs 434:437 MSCs 434:437 MSCs 434:437 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 3 13 theme mesenchymal 410:420 arg1 cells 427:431 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells 403:431 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 403:438 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 0 14 theme tissue 99:104 arg1 composite 84:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 0 14 theme tissue 99:104 arg1 scaffold 123:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 6 15 theme Group 898:902 arg1 groups 874:879 two groups 870:879 two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone 870:1008 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 15 theme Group 898:902 arg1 animals 889:895 five animals 884:895 five animals 884:895 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 15 theme Group 898:902 arg1 A 904:904 Group A 898:904 Group A 898:904 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 7 16 theme weeks 1064:1068 arg1 2nd 1041:1043 2nd 1041:1043 2nd 1041:1043 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 7 16 theme weeks 1064:1068 arg1 post-implantation 1070:1086 12th weeks post-implantation 1059:1086 12th weeks post-implantation 1059:1086 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 11 17 theme scaffold 1478:1485 arg1 effective 1502:1510 effective 1502:1510 effective 1502:1510 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 11 17 theme scaffold 1478:1485 arg1 materials 1487:1495 the scaffold materials 1474:1495 the scaffold materials 1474:1495 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 2 18 theme phosphate 294:302 arg1 composite 304:312 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 272:312 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 272:312 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 7 19 located observed 1025:1032 arg1 8th 1051:1053 8th 1051:1053 8th 1051:1053 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 7 19 located observed 1025:1032 arg1 post-implantation 1070:1086 12th weeks post-implantation 1059:1086 12th weeks post-implantation 1059:1086 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 7 19 located observed 1025:1032 arg1 4th 1046:1048 4th 1046:1048 4th 1046:1048 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 7 19 located observed 1025:1032 arg1 2nd 1041:1043 2nd 1041:1043 2nd 1041:1043 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 7 19 located observed 1025:1032 arg2 dogs 1015:1018 The dogs 1011:1018 The dogs 1011:1018 The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. 25902181 4 20 from effect 592:597 arg1 growth 631:636 bone tissue growth 619:636 bone tissue growth 619:636 The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. 25902181 12 21 theme effective 1736:1744 arg1 composite 1757:1765 an effective injectable composite 1733:1765 an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone 1733:1792 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 2 22 theme chitosan-β-tricalcium 272:292 arg1 composite 304:312 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 272:312 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 272:312 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 13 23 theme carrier 1842:1848 arg1 composite 1850:1858 a carrier composite 1840:1858 a carrier composite 1840:1858 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 1 24 theme bones 190:194 arg1 engineering 175:185 the tissue engineering 164:185 the tissue engineering of bones 164:194 Ensuring histocompatibility in the tissue engineering of bones is a complex issue. 25902181 0 25 theme bone 118:121 arg1 composite 84:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 0 25 theme bone 118:121 arg1 scaffold 123:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 6 26 theme animals 889:895 arg1 groups 874:879 two groups 870:879 two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone 870:1008 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 26 theme animals 889:895 arg1 animals 889:895 five animals 884:895 five animals 884:895 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 26 theme animals 889:895 arg1 A 904:904 Group A 898:904 Group A 898:904 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 26 theme animals 889:895 arg1 B 966:966 Group B 960:966 Group B 960:966 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 13 27 theme defects 1913:1919 arg1 repair 1898:1903 the repair 1894:1903 the repair of bone defects 1894:1919 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 3 28 theme phosphate 547:555 arg1 composite 557:565 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 525:565 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 525:565 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 13 29 theme stem 1824:1827 arg1 cells 1829:1833 stem cells 1824:1833 stem cells 1824:1833 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 4 30 theme MTT 655:657 arg1 assay 659:663 MTT assay 655:663 MTT assay 655:663 The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. 25902181 10 31 dep MSC 1419:1421 arg1 MSC 1419:1421 the MSC growth or proliferation 1415:1445 the MSC growth or proliferation 1415:1445 The composite did not significantly affect the MSC growth or proliferation. 25902181 10 31 dep MSC 1419:1421 arg1 proliferation 1433:1445 proliferation 1433:1445 proliferation 1433:1445 The composite did not significantly affect the MSC growth or proliferation. 25902181 10 31 dep MSC 1419:1421 arg1 growth 1423:1428 growth 1423:1428 growth 1423:1428 The composite did not significantly affect the MSC growth or proliferation. 25902181 11 32 with combination 1451:1461 arg1 MSCs 1468:1471 MSCs 1468:1471 MSCs 1468:1471 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 2 33 theme bone 332:335 arg1 defects 337:343 limb bone defects 327:343 limb bone defects 327:343 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 3 34 theme Beagle 403:408 arg1 MSCs 434:437 MSCs 434:437 MSCs 434:437 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 3 34 theme Beagle 403:408 arg1 cells 427:431 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells 403:431 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 403:438 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 9 35 theme experimental 1297:1308 arg1 group 1310:1314 the experimental group 1293:1314 the experimental group 1293:1314 MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. 25902181 2 36 from effects 378:384 arg1 osteogenesis 389:400 osteogenesis 389:400 osteogenesis 389:400 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 2 37 theme limb 327:330 arg1 defects 337:343 limb bone defects 327:343 limb bone defects 327:343 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 12 38 theme phosphate 1607:1615 arg1 composite 1617:1625 the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 1581:1625 the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 1581:1625 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 12 38 theme phosphate 1607:1615 arg1 compatible 1631:1640 compatible 1631:1640 compatible 1631:1640 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 1 39 theme complex 201:207 arg1 issue 209:213 a complex issue 199:213 a complex issue 199:213 Ensuring histocompatibility in the tissue engineering of bones is a complex issue. 25902181 0 40 theme limb 28:31 arg1 defects 38:44 repaired limb bone defects 19:44 repaired limb bone defects 19:44 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 6 41 theme Group 960:964 arg1 groups 874:879 two groups 870:879 two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone 870:1008 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 41 theme Group 960:964 arg1 animals 889:895 five animals 884:895 five animals 884:895 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 41 theme Group 960:964 arg1 B 966:966 Group B 960:966 Group B 960:966 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 12 42 theme chitosan-β-tricalcium 1585:1605 arg1 composite 1617:1625 the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 1581:1625 the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 1581:1625 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 12 42 theme chitosan-β-tricalcium 1585:1605 arg1 compatible 1631:1640 compatible 1631:1640 compatible 1631:1640 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 3 43 theme experimental 461:472 arg1 group 474:478 an experimental group 458:478 an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 458:565 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 0 44 theme repaired 19:26 arg1 defects 38:44 repaired limb bone defects 19:44 repaired limb bone defects 19:44 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 3 45 theme chitosan-β-tricalcium 525:545 arg1 composite 557:565 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 525:565 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 525:565 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 11 46 theme vascularization 1549:1563 arg1 promotion 1519:1527 the promotion 1515:1527 the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization 1515:1563 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 3 47 theme control 573:579 arg1 group 581:585 a control group 571:585 a control group 571:585 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 11 48 from promotion 1519:1527 arg1 effective 1502:1510 effective 1502:1510 effective 1502:1510 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 11 48 from promotion 1519:1527 arg1 materials 1487:1495 the scaffold materials 1474:1495 the scaffold materials 1474:1495 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 8 49 theme experimental 1222:1233 arg1 groups 1235:1240 the control and experimental groups 1206:1240 the control and experimental groups 1206:1240 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 0 50 theme defects 38:44 arg1 Vascularization 0:14 Vascularization 0:14 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 0:131 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 12 51 from conclusion 1569:1578 arg1 composite 1617:1625 the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 1581:1625 the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 1581:1625 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 12 51 from conclusion 1569:1578 arg1 compatible 1631:1640 compatible 1631:1640 compatible 1631:1640 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 8 52 theme control 1210:1216 arg1 groups 1235:1240 the control and experimental groups 1206:1240 the control and experimental groups 1206:1240 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 0 53 theme bone 33:36 arg1 defects 38:44 repaired limb bone defects 19:44 repaired limb bone defects 19:44 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 5 54 theme 15-mm 718:722 arg1 defects 730:736 15-mm femur defects 718:736 15-mm femur defects 718:736 In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 2 55 theme study 232:236 arg1 aim 220:222 The aim 216:222 The aim of this study 216:236 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 9 56 theme similar 1326:1332 arg1 manner 1334:1339 a similar manner 1324:1339 a similar manner 1324:1339 MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. 25902181 0 57 theme chitosan-β-tricalcium 52:72 arg1 composite 84:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 0 57 theme chitosan-β-tricalcium 52:72 arg1 scaffold 123:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 5 58 theme femur 724:728 arg1 defects 730:736 15-mm femur defects 718:736 15-mm femur defects 718:736 In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 8 59 theme Scanning 1089:1096 arg1 microscopy 1107:1116 Scanning electron microscopy 1089:1116 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 1089:1125 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 3 60 theme stem 422:425 arg1 MSCs 434:437 MSCs 434:437 MSCs 434:437 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 3 60 theme stem 422:425 arg1 cells 427:431 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells 403:431 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 403:438 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 12 61 with compatible 1631:1640 arg1 MSCs 1651:1654 the MSCs 1647:1654 the MSCs 1647:1654 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 8 62 with compatible 1159:1168 arg1 MSCs 1175:1178 MSCs 1175:1178 MSCs 1175:1178 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 8 62 with compatible 1159:1168 arg1 outcomes 1194:1201 similar outcomes 1186:1201 similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups 1186:1240 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 6 63 dep groups 874:879 arg1 groups 874:879 two groups 870:879 two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone 870:1008 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 63 dep groups 874:879 arg1 animals 889:895 five animals 884:895 five animals 884:895 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 63 dep groups 874:879 arg1 A 904:904 Group A 898:904 Group A 898:904 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 6 63 dep groups 874:879 arg1 B 966:966 Group B 960:966 Group B 960:966 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 5 64 theme 12-month-old 679:690 arg1 beagles 692:698 12-month-old beagles 679:698 12-month-old beagles 679:698 In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 11 65 theme osteogenesis 1532:1543 arg1 promotion 1519:1527 the promotion 1515:1527 the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization 1515:1563 In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 12 66 theme cellular 1675:1682 arg1 growth 1684:1689 growth 1684:1689 growth 1684:1689 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 12 67 from compatible 1631:1640 arg1 conclusion 1569:1578 conclusion 1569:1578 conclusion 1569:1578 In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. 25902181 3 68 theme composite 557:565 arg1 form 517:520 an injectable form 503:520 an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 503:565 Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. 25902181 1 69 theme tissue 168:173 arg1 engineering 175:185 the tissue engineering 164:185 the tissue engineering of bones 164:194 Ensuring histocompatibility in the tissue engineering of bones is a complex issue. 25902181 4 70 theme composite 606:614 arg1 effect 592:597 The effect 588:597 The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth 588:636 The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. 25902181 8 71 theme electron 1098:1105 arg1 microscopy 1107:1116 Scanning electron microscopy 1089:1116 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 1089:1125 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. 25902181 9 72 theme MTT 1243:1245 arg1 analysis 1247:1254 MTT analysis 1243:1254 MTT analysis 1243:1254 MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. 25902181 13 73 theme bone 1908:1911 arg1 defects 1913:1919 bone defects 1908:1919 bone defects 1908:1919 Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects. 25902181 4 74 theme tissue 624:629 arg1 growth 631:636 bone tissue growth 619:636 bone tissue growth 619:636 The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. 25902181 0 75 theme phosphate 74:82 arg1 composite 84:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite 52:92 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 0 75 theme phosphate 74:82 arg1 scaffold 123:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 a tissue engineering bone scaffold 97:130 Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold. 25902181 5 76 from effects 795:801 arg1 vascularization 823:837 vascularization 823:837 vascularization 823:837 In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 5 76 from effects 795:801 arg1 osteogenesis 806:817 osteogenesis 806:817 osteogenesis 806:817 In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. 25902181 9 77 theme control 1357:1363 arg1 group 1365:1369 the control group 1353:1369 the control group 1353:1369 MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. 25902181 2 78 theme therapeutic 366:376 arg1 effects 378:384 the therapeutic effects 362:384 the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis 362:400 The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. 25902181 6 79 theme scaffold-MSC 932:943 arg1 compounds 945:953 scaffold-MSC compounds 932:953 scaffold-MSC compounds 932:953 The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. 25902181 4 80 theme bone 619:622 arg1 growth 631:636 bone tissue growth 619:636 bone tissue growth 619:636 The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. 28876907 5 0 from solvents 857:864 arg1 dispersible 828:838 dispersible 828:838 dispersible 828:838 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 1 1 theme cellulose-producing 170:188 arg1 NEDO-01 231:237 Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01 201:237 Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01 201:237 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 1 theme cellulose-producing 170:188 arg1 bacterium 190:198 a cellulose-producing bacterium 168:198 a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) 168:238 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 2 2 from dispersibility 350:363 arg1 water 368:372 water 368:372 water 368:372 Despite a high yield and dispersibility in water, the product immediately aggregates in organic solvents. 28876907 4 3 theme uniform 747:753 arg1 fibers 755:760 relatively uniform fibers 736:760 relatively uniform fibers 736:760 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 4 theme nm 798:799 arg1 diameters 767:775 diameters 767:775 diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm 767:799 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 5 theme ± 783:783 arg1 diameters 767:775 diameters 767:775 diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm 767:799 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 6 theme resultant 670:678 arg1 HE-NFBC 691:697 HE-NFBC 691:697 HE-NFBC 691:697 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 6 theme resultant 670:678 arg1 materials 680:688 the resultant materials 666:688 the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) 666:724 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 6 theme resultant 670:678 arg1 HP-NFBC 703:709 HP-NFBC 703:709 HP-NFBC 703:709 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 7 7 theme broad 1190:1194 arg1 range 1196:1200 a broad range 1188:1200 a broad range of applications 1188:1216 Thus, HP-NFBC has a broad range of applications, including as a filler material. 28876907 5 8 theme methyl 1005:1010 arg1 poly 1000:1003 poly 1000:1003 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 1000:1031 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 8 theme methyl 1005:1010 arg1 methacrylate 1012:1023 methyl methacrylate 1005:1023 methyl methacrylate 1005:1023 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 3 9 theme amphiphilic 473:483 arg1 NFBC 485:488 amphiphilic NFBC 473:488 amphiphilic NFBC 473:488 To broaden its applicability, we prepared amphiphilic NFBC by culturing strain NEDO-01 in medium supplemented with hydroxyethylcellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose instead of CMC. 28876907 1 10 theme Nanofibrillated 100:114 arg1 cellulose 126:134 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose 100:134 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) 100:141 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 10 theme Nanofibrillated 100:114 arg1 NFBC 137:140 NFBC 137:140 NFBC 137:140 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 11 theme Gluconacetobacter 201:217 arg1 NEDO-01 231:237 Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01 201:237 Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01 201:237 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 11 theme Gluconacetobacter 201:217 arg1 bacterium 190:198 a cellulose-producing bacterium 168:198 a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) 168:238 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 12 theme bacterial 116:124 arg1 cellulose 126:134 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose 100:134 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) 100:141 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 12 theme bacterial 116:124 arg1 NFBC 137:140 NFBC 137:140 NFBC 137:140 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 13 theme intermedius 219:229 arg1 NEDO-01 231:237 Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01 201:237 Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01 201:237 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 1 13 theme intermedius 219:229 arg1 bacterium 190:198 a cellulose-producing bacterium 168:198 a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) 168:238 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 0 14 theme One-Step 0:7 arg1 Production 9:18 One-Step Production 0:18 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose 0:59 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Using a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium. 28876907 4 15 theme microscopy 632:641 arg1 analysis 643:650 Transmission electron microscopy analysis 610:650 Transmission electron microscopy analysis 610:650 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 2 16 theme organic 413:419 arg1 solvents 421:428 organic solvents 413:428 organic solvents 413:428 Despite a high yield and dispersibility in water, the product immediately aggregates in organic solvents. 28876907 0 17 theme Amphiphilic 23:33 arg1 Cellulose 51:59 Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose 23:59 Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose 23:59 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Using a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium. 28876907 4 18 theme electron 623:630 arg1 microscopy 632:641 Transmission electron microscopy 610:641 Transmission electron microscopy analysis 610:650 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 7 19 contain has 1184:1186 arg1 HP-NFBC 1176:1182 HP-NFBC 1176:1182 HP-NFBC 1176:1182 Thus, HP-NFBC has a broad range of applications, including as a filler material. 28876907 7 19 contain has 1184:1186 arg2 range 1196:1200 a broad range 1188:1200 a broad range of applications 1188:1216 Thus, HP-NFBC has a broad range of applications, including as a filler material. 28876907 6 20 theme composite 1075:1083 arg1 films 1085:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films 1062:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films 1062:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 4 21 dep materials 680:688 arg1 HE-NFBC 691:697 HE-NFBC 691:697 HE-NFBC 691:697 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 21 dep materials 680:688 arg1 materials 680:688 the resultant materials 666:688 the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) 666:724 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 4 21 dep materials 680:688 arg1 HP-NFBC 703:709 HP-NFBC 703:709 HP-NFBC 703:709 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 2 22 theme high 335:338 arg1 yield 340:344 a high yield 333:344 a high yield 333:344 Despite a high yield and dispersibility in water, the product immediately aggregates in organic solvents. 28876907 6 23 theme HP-NFBC/PMMA 1062:1073 arg1 films 1085:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films 1062:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films 1062:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 0 24 theme Cellulose 51:59 arg1 Production 9:18 One-Step Production 0:18 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose 0:59 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Using a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium. 28876907 5 25 from poly 1000:1003 arg1 dispersible 985:995 dispersible 985:995 dispersible 985:995 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 26 theme isopropyl 893:901 arg1 alcohol 903:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 0 27 theme Nanofibrillated 35:49 arg1 Cellulose 51:59 Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose 23:59 Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose 23:59 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Using a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 dimethylformamide 953:969 dimethylformamide 953:969 dimethylformamide 953:969 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 acetone 884:890 acetone 884:890 acetone 884:890 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 solvents 857:864 polar organic solvents 843:864 polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide 843:969 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 alcohol 903:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 methanol 874:881 methanol 874:881 methanol 874:881 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 acetonitrile 912:923 acetonitrile 912:923 acetonitrile 912:923 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 28 theme polar 843:847 arg1 tetrahydrofuran 926:940 tetrahydrofuran 926:940 tetrahydrofuran (THF) 926:946 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 29 theme solvent 1036:1042 arg1 mixing 1044:1049 solvent mixing 1036:1049 solvent mixing using THF 1036:1059 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 1 30 from rotation 245:252 arg1 medium 270:275 medium 270:275 medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 270:322 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 dimethylformamide 953:969 dimethylformamide 953:969 dimethylformamide 953:969 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 acetone 884:890 acetone 884:890 acetone 884:890 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 solvents 857:864 polar organic solvents 843:864 polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide 843:969 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 alcohol 903:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 methanol 874:881 methanol 874:881 methanol 874:881 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 acetonitrile 912:923 acetonitrile 912:923 acetonitrile 912:923 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 31 theme organic 849:855 arg1 tetrahydrofuran 926:940 tetrahydrofuran 926:940 tetrahydrofuran (THF) 926:946 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 6 32 theme neat 1154:1157 arg1 PMMA 1159:1162 neat PMMA film 1154:1167 neat PMMA film 1154:1167 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 4 33 theme Transmission 610:621 arg1 microscopy 632:641 Transmission electron microscopy 610:641 Transmission electron microscopy analysis 610:650 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 6 34 contain had 1119:1121 arg2 strength 1140:1147 a higher tensile strength 1123:1147 a higher tensile strength 1123:1147 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 6 34 contain had 1119:1121 arg1 films 1085:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films 1062:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films 1062:1089 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 5 35 from dispersible 985:995 arg1 PMMA 1027:1030 PMMA 1027:1030 PMMA 1027:1030 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 35 from dispersible 985:995 arg1 poly 1000:1003 poly 1000:1003 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 1000:1031 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 35 from dispersible 985:995 arg1 methacrylate 1012:1023 methyl methacrylate 1005:1023 methyl methacrylate 1005:1023 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 7 36 theme filler 1234:1239 arg1 material 1241:1248 a filler material 1232:1248 a filler material 1232:1248 Thus, HP-NFBC has a broad range of applications, including as a filler material. 28876907 1 37 from agitation 257:265 arg1 medium 270:275 medium 270:275 medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 270:322 Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) is produced by culturing a cellulose-producing bacterium (Gluconacetobacter intermedius NEDO-01) with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 dimethylformamide 953:969 dimethylformamide 953:969 dimethylformamide 953:969 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 acetone 884:890 acetone 884:890 acetone 884:890 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 solvents 857:864 polar organic solvents 843:864 polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide 843:969 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 alcohol 903:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 isopropyl alcohol 893:909 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 methanol 874:881 methanol 874:881 methanol 874:881 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 acetonitrile 912:923 acetonitrile 912:923 acetonitrile 912:923 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 5 38 from dispersible 828:838 arg1 tetrahydrofuran 926:940 tetrahydrofuran 926:940 tetrahydrofuran (THF) 926:946 HP-NFBC was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylformamide, and was also dispersible in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by solvent mixing using THF. 28876907 4 39 theme ± 794:794 arg1 nm 798:799 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm 780:799 nm 798:799 Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials (HE-NFBC and HP-NFBC, respectively) comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of 33 ± 7 and 42 ± 8 nm, respectively. 28876907 6 40 theme tensile 1132:1138 arg1 strength 1140:1147 a higher tensile strength 1123:1147 a higher tensile strength 1123:1147 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 6 41 theme higher 1125:1130 arg1 strength 1140:1147 a higher tensile strength 1123:1147 a higher tensile strength 1123:1147 HP-NFBC/PMMA composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat PMMA film. 28876907 0 42 theme Cellulose-Producing 69:87 arg1 Bacterium 89:97 a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium 67:97 a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium 67:97 One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Using a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium. 28876907 2 43 from yield 340:344 arg1 water 368:372 water 368:372 water 368:372 Despite a high yield and dispersibility in water, the product immediately aggregates in organic solvents. 28876907 7 44 theme applications 1205:1216 arg1 range 1196:1200 a broad range 1188:1200 a broad range of applications 1188:1216 Thus, HP-NFBC has a broad range of applications, including as a filler material. 25659665 5 0 theme optimal 670:676 arg1 production 678:687 optimal production 670:687 optimal production of chitosanase 670:702 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 3 1 theme chitosanase 546:556 arg1 production 558:567 the chitosanase production 542:567 the chitosanase production 542:567 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 0 2 theme shrimp 88:93 arg1 by-products 95:105 shrimp by-products 88:105 shrimp by-products 88:105 Chitooligomers preparation by chitosanase produced under solid state fermentation using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 7 3 theme exclusive 1019:1027 arg1 product 1033:1039 exclusive end product 1019:1039 exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis 1019:1074 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 7 4 theme chitosan 1056:1063 arg1 hydrolysis 1065:1074 colloidal chitosan hydrolysis 1046:1074 colloidal chitosan hydrolysis 1046:1074 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 6 5 theme dry 925:927 arg1 substrate 929:937 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 902:937 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 881:937 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 5 6 dep ± 711:711 arg1 content 818:824 moisture content 809:824 moisture content 809:824 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 7 7 theme colloidal 1046:1054 arg1 chitosan 1056:1063 colloidal chitosan 1046:1063 colloidal chitosan hydrolysis 1046:1074 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 3 8 theme Incubation 433:442 arg1 temperature 444:454 Incubation temperature 433:454 Incubation temperature 433:454 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 1 9 theme Solid 121:125 arg1 SSF 147:149 SSF 147:149 SSF 147:149 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 1 9 theme Solid 121:125 arg1 fermentation 133:144 Solid state fermentation 121:144 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions 121:161 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 6 10 theme initial 917:923 arg1 substrate 929:937 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 902:937 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 881:937 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 5 11 theme chitosanase 692:702 arg1 production 678:687 optimal production 670:687 optimal production of chitosanase 670:702 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 6 12 theme units/g 909:915 arg1 substrate 929:937 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 902:937 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 881:937 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 5 13 theme 10.5 747:750 arg1 % 751:751 % 751:751 % 751:751 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 6 14 theme chitosanase 831:841 arg1 production 843:852 The chitosanase production 827:852 The chitosanase production 827:852 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 8 15 theme lilacinum 1120:1128 arg1 CFRNT12 1130:1136 P. lilacinum CFRNT12 1117:1136 P. lilacinum CFRNT12 1117:1136 These results indicate the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products. 25659665 2 16 theme composite 310:318 arg1 design 320:325 Central composite design 302:325 Central composite design 302:325 Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the effect of variables and their optimization. 25659665 5 17 theme moisture 809:816 arg1 content 818:824 moisture content 809:824 moisture content 809:824 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 5 18 theme % 751:751 arg1 inoculum 759:766 10.5% (w/v) inoculum 747:766 10.5% (w/v) inoculum 747:766 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 2 19 theme Central 302:308 arg1 design 320:325 Central composite design 302:325 Central composite design 302:325 Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the effect of variables and their optimization. 25659665 3 20 theme inoculum 491:498 arg1 extract 510:516 yeast extract 504:516 yeast extract 504:516 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 3 20 theme inoculum 491:498 arg1 concentration 474:486 concentration 474:486 concentration of inoculum 474:498 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 3 20 theme inoculum 491:498 arg1 temperature 444:454 Incubation temperature 433:454 Incubation temperature 433:454 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 3 20 theme inoculum 491:498 arg1 time 468:471 incubation time 457:471 incubation time 457:471 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 8 21 theme CFRNT12 1130:1136 arg1 potential 1104:1112 the potential 1100:1112 the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products 1100:1221 These results indicate the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products. 25659665 5 22 theme variables 656:664 arg1 ± 711:711 32 ± 708:711 32 ± 708:711 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 5 22 theme variables 656:664 arg1 level 647:651 The level 643:651 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase 643:702 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 2 23 theme optimization 419:430 arg1 effect 389:394 the effect 385:394 the effect of variables and their optimization 385:430 Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the effect of variables and their optimization. 25659665 0 24 theme Chitooligomers 0:13 arg1 preparation 15:25 Chitooligomers preparation 0:25 Chitooligomers preparation by chitosanase 0:40 Chitooligomers preparation by chitosanase produced under solid state fermentation using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 6 25 theme 0.73 904:907 arg1 units/g 909:915 units/g 909:915 units/g 909:915 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 7 26 theme end 1029:1031 arg1 product 1033:1039 exclusive end product 1019:1039 exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis 1019:1074 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 8 27 theme shrimp 1204:1209 arg1 by-products 1211:1221 shrimp by-products 1204:1221 shrimp by-products 1204:1221 These results indicate the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products. 25659665 5 28 theme yeast 781:785 arg1 extract 787:793 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract 769:793 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract 769:793 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 8 29 theme P. 1117:1118 arg1 CFRNT12 1130:1136 P. lilacinum CFRNT12 1117:1136 P. lilacinum CFRNT12 1117:1136 These results indicate the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products. 25659665 7 30 theme chitooligomers 1001:1014 arg1 mM 995:996 4.43 mM 990:996 4.43 mM of chitooligomers 990:1014 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 2 31 theme surface 340:346 arg1 methodology 348:358 response surface methodology 331:358 response surface methodology 331:358 Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the effect of variables and their optimization. 25659665 4 32 theme 0.94 602:605 arg1 value 593:597 The R(2) value 584:597 The R(2) value of 0.94 584:605 The R(2) value of 0.94 indicates the aptness of the model. 25659665 2 33 theme response 331:338 arg1 methodology 348:358 response surface methodology 331:358 response surface methodology 331:358 Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the effect of variables and their optimization. 25659665 1 34 theme chitosanase 214:224 arg1 production 200:209 the production 196:209 the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate 196:299 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 3 35 theme incubation 457:466 arg1 time 468:471 incubation time 457:471 incubation time 457:471 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 5 36 theme 96 730:731 arg1 h 733:733 h 733:733 h 733:733 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 4 37 theme R 588:588 arg1 value 593:597 The R(2) value 584:597 The R(2) value of 0.94 584:605 The R(2) value of 0.94 indicates the aptness of the model. 25659665 5 38 theme h 733:733 arg1 incubation 735:744 96 h incubation 730:744 96 h incubation 730:744 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 8 39 theme chitosanase 1146:1156 arg1 production 1158:1167 the chitosanase production 1142:1167 the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products 1142:1221 These results indicate the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products. 25659665 3 40 theme yeast 504:508 arg1 extract 510:516 yeast extract 504:516 yeast extract 504:516 Incubation temperature, incubation time, concentration of inoculum and yeast extract were found to influence the chitosanase production significantly. 25659665 0 41 theme state 63:67 arg1 fermentation 69:80 solid state fermentation 57:80 solid state fermentation using shrimp by-products as substrate 57:118 Chitooligomers preparation by chitosanase produced under solid state fermentation using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 6 42 dep ± 886:886 arg1 substrate 929:937 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 902:937 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate 881:937 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 1 43 theme state 127:131 arg1 SSF 147:149 SSF 147:149 SSF 147:149 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 1 43 theme state 127:131 arg1 fermentation 133:144 Solid state fermentation 121:144 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions 121:161 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 0 44 theme solid 57:61 arg1 fermentation 69:80 solid state fermentation 57:80 solid state fermentation using shrimp by-products as substrate 57:118 Chitooligomers preparation by chitosanase produced under solid state fermentation using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 7 45 from hydrolysis 1065:1074 arg1 product 1033:1039 exclusive end product 1019:1039 exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis 1019:1074 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 5 46 dep % 751:751 arg1 w/v 754:756 w/v 754:756 w/v 754:756 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 6 47 dep 41.78 896:900 arg1 to 893:894 to 893:894 to 893:894 The chitosanase production was found to increase from 2.34 ± 0.07 to 41.78 ± 0.73 units/g initial dry substrate after optimization. 25659665 1 48 theme fermentation 133:144 arg1 conditions 152:161 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions 121:161 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions 121:161 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 7 49 theme crude 963:967 arg1 chitosanase 969:979 The crude chitosanase 959:979 The crude chitosanase 959:979 The crude chitosanase produced 4.43 mM of chitooligomers as exclusive end product from colloidal chitosan hydrolysis. 25659665 4 50 theme model 636:640 arg1 aptness 621:627 the aptness 617:627 the aptness of the model 617:640 The R(2) value of 0.94 indicates the aptness of the model. 25659665 1 51 dep Purpureocillium 229:243 arg1 lilacinum 245:253 lilacinum 245:253 lilacinum 245:253 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 8 52 theme effective 1184:1192 arg1 SSF 1194:1196 cost effective SSF 1179:1196 cost effective SSF 1179:1196 These results indicate the potential of P. lilacinum CFRNT12 for the chitosanase production employing cost effective SSF using shrimp by-products. 25659665 1 53 theme Purpureocillium 229:243 arg1 CFRNT12 255:261 Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 229:261 Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate 229:299 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 25659665 5 54 theme % 773:773 arg1 extract 787:793 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract 769:793 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract 769:793 The level of variables for optimal production of chitosanase was 32 ± 1°C temperature, 96 h incubation, 10.5% (w/v) inoculum, 1.05% (w/w) yeast extract and 65% (w/w) moisture content. 25659665 2 55 theme variables 399:407 arg1 effect 389:394 the effect 385:394 the effect of variables and their optimization 385:430 Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the effect of variables and their optimization. 25659665 1 56 theme shrimp 269:274 arg1 by-products 276:286 shrimp by-products 269:286 shrimp by-products 269:286 Solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions were statistically optimized for the production of chitosanase by Purpureocillium lilacinum CFRNT12 using shrimp by-products as substrate. 27519295 2 0 theme 2,3 489:491 arg1 DAC 515:517 DAC 515:517 DAC 515:517 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 2 0 theme 2,3 489:491 arg1 cellulose 504:512 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose 489:512 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) 489:518 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 3 1 theme sponge-shape 646:657 arg1 construction 621:632 (ii) construction 616:632 (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film 616:665 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 3 1 theme sponge-shape 646:657 arg1 cellulose 605:613 cellulose 605:613 cellulose 605:613 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 5 2 theme nervous 1323:1329 arg1 system 1331:1336 the nervous system 1319:1336 the nervous system 1319:1336 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 1 3 theme suitable 137:144 arg1 scaffold 146:153 a suitable scaffold 135:153 a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties 135:221 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 4 theme neural 249:254 arg1 engineering 263:273 neural tissue engineering 249:273 neural tissue engineering 249:273 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 3 5 dep cross-linkage 674:686 arg1 iii 669:671 iii 669:671 iii 669:671 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 1 6 with scaffold 146:153 arg1 distribution 184:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 6 with scaffold 146:153 arg1 properties 212:221 dielectric properties 201:221 dielectric properties 201:221 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 5 7 theme tissue 1269:1274 arg1 engineering 1276:1286 neural tissue engineering 1262:1286 neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system 1262:1336 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 1 8 theme scaffold 146:153 arg1 features 236:243 critical features 227:243 critical features for neural tissue engineering 227:273 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 8 theme scaffold 146:153 arg1 selection 122:130 selection 122:130 selection 122:130 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 8 theme scaffold 146:153 arg1 design 111:116 design 111:116 design 111:116 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 9 theme tissue 256:261 arg1 engineering 263:273 neural tissue engineering 249:273 neural tissue engineering 249:273 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 0 10 theme tissue 92:97 arg1 repair 99:104 nerve tissue repair 86:104 nerve tissue repair 86:104 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 3 11 theme 3D 639:640 arg1 sponge-shape 646:657 a 3D Col sponge-shape 637:657 a 3D Col sponge-shape 637:657 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 4 12 theme Col-DAC 789:795 arg1 composite 797:805 the Col-DAC composite 785:805 the Col-DAC composite 785:805 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 12 theme Col-DAC 789:795 arg1 times 826:830 times 826:830 times 826:830 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 2 13 from porosimetry 305:315 arg1 region 373:378 the alpha-dispersion region 352:378 the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field 352:400 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 3 14 dep construction 621:632 arg1 ii 617:618 ii 617:618 ii 617:618 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 0 15 theme nerve 86:90 arg1 repair 99:104 nerve tissue repair 86:104 nerve tissue repair 86:104 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 2 16 theme alpha-dispersion 356:371 arg1 region 373:378 the alpha-dispersion region 352:378 the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field 352:400 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 4 17 theme largest 1013:1019 arg1 fraction 1021:1028 the unmodified Col. The largest fraction 989:1028 the unmodified Col. The largest fraction 989:1028 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 18 used occupied 1103:1110 arg2 energy 733:738 The activation energy 718:738 The activation energy 718:738 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 2 19 from spectroscopy 336:347 arg1 region 373:378 the alpha-dispersion region 352:378 the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field 352:400 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 2 20 theme electric 387:394 arg1 field 396:400 the electric field 383:400 the electric field 383:400 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 4 21 theme unmodified 855:864 arg1 addition 874:881 the unmodified Col. In addition 851:881 the unmodified Col. In addition 851:881 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 22 theme pore 1066:1069 arg1 volume 1071:1076 the total pore volume 1056:1076 the total pore volume 1056:1076 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 23 theme modified 918:925 arg1 Col 927:929 modified Col 918:929 modified Col 918:929 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 2 24 theme field 396:400 arg1 region 373:378 the alpha-dispersion region 352:378 the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field 352:400 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 2 25 theme collagen 462:469 arg1 energy 452:457 the microarchitecture and activation energy 415:457 energy 452:457 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 3 26 theme film 662:665 arg1 construction 621:632 (ii) construction 616:632 (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film 616:665 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 3 26 theme film 662:665 arg1 cellulose 605:613 cellulose 605:613 cellulose 605:613 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 4 27 theme total 1060:1064 arg1 volume 1071:1076 the total pore volume 1056:1076 the total pore volume 1056:1076 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 5 28 theme dielectric 1176:1185 arg1 behaviour 1187:1195 dielectric behaviour 1176:1195 dielectric behaviour 1176:1195 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 1 29 theme pores 173:177 arg1 distribution 184:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 0 30 theme Pore 0:3 arg1 structure 5:13 Pore structure 0:13 Pore structure 0:13 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 4 31 from 70°C 934:937 arg1 magnitude 888:896 the magnitude 884:896 the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C 884:937 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 31 from 70°C 934:937 arg1 lower 960:964 lower 960:964 lower 960:964 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 1 32 theme size 179:182 arg1 distribution 184:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 0 33 theme dielectric 19:28 arg1 behaviour 30:38 dielectric behaviour 19:38 dielectric behaviour 19:38 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 5 34 theme neural 1262:1267 arg1 engineering 1276:1286 neural tissue engineering 1262:1286 neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system 1262:1336 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 4 35 from 100μm 1140:1144 arg1 size 1149:1152 size 1149:1152 size 1149:1152 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 36 theme volume 1071:1076 arg1 volume 1071:1076 the total pore volume 1056:1076 the total pore volume 1056:1076 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 36 theme volume 1071:1076 arg1 % 1051:1051 at least 70% 1040:1051 at least 70% of the total pore volume 1040:1076 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 0 37 dep scaffolds 63:71 arg1 designed 73:80 designed 73:80 scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair 63:104 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 2 38 theme activation 441:450 arg1 energy 452:457 the microarchitecture and activation energy 415:457 energy 452:457 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 5 39 theme scaffold 1231:1238 arg1 microstructure 1201:1214 microstructure 1201:1214 microstructure 1201:1214 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 5 39 theme scaffold 1231:1238 arg1 behaviour 1187:1195 dielectric behaviour 1176:1195 dielectric behaviour 1176:1195 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 4 40 theme unmodified 993:1002 arg1 fraction 1021:1028 the unmodified Col. The largest fraction 989:1028 the unmodified Col. The largest fraction 989:1028 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 41 theme Col. 1004:1007 arg1 fraction 1021:1028 the unmodified Col. The largest fraction 989:1028 the unmodified Col. The largest fraction 989:1028 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 2 42 theme microarchitecture 419:435 arg1 energy 452:457 the microarchitecture and activation energy 415:457 energy 452:457 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 5 43 from knowledge 1159:1167 arg1 microstructure 1201:1214 microstructure 1201:1214 microstructure 1201:1214 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 5 43 from knowledge 1159:1167 arg1 behaviour 1187:1195 dielectric behaviour 1176:1195 dielectric behaviour 1176:1195 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 3 44 dep preparation 570:580 arg1 i 567:567 i 567:567 i 567:567 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 1 45 theme dielectric 201:210 arg1 properties 212:221 dielectric properties 201:221 dielectric properties 201:221 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 3 46 theme samples 699:705 arg1 cross-linkage 674:686 cross-linkage 674:686 (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC 668:715 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 3 46 theme samples 699:705 arg1 cellulose 605:613 cellulose 605:613 cellulose 605:613 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 4 47 dep times 826:830 arg1 lower 832:836 lower 832:836 lower 832:836 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 0 48 theme 3D 47:48 arg1 collagen-DAC 50:61 the 3D collagen-DAC 43:61 the 3D collagen-DAC 43:61 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 0 49 theme collagen-DAC 50:61 arg1 structure 5:13 Pore structure 0:13 Pore structure 0:13 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 0 49 theme collagen-DAC 50:61 arg1 behaviour 30:38 dielectric behaviour 19:38 dielectric behaviour 19:38 Pore structure and dielectric behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC scaffolds designed for nerve tissue repair. 27519295 5 50 theme Col-DAC 1223:1229 arg1 scaffold 1231:1238 the Col-DAC scaffold 1219:1238 the Col-DAC scaffold 1219:1238 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 4 51 theme conductivity 901:912 arg1 magnitude 888:896 the magnitude 884:896 the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C 884:937 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 51 theme conductivity 901:912 arg1 lower 960:964 lower 960:964 lower 960:964 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 3 52 dep steps 559:563 arg1 preparation 570:580 preparation 570:580 three steps: (i) preparation of DAC 553:587 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 3 53 theme cellulose 605:613 arg1 oxidation 592:600 oxidation 592:600 oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC 592:715 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 4 54 theme In 871:872 arg1 addition 874:881 the unmodified Col. In addition 851:881 the unmodified Col. In addition 851:881 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 5 55 theme system 1331:1336 arg1 regeneration 1303:1314 the regeneration 1299:1314 the regeneration of the nervous system 1299:1336 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 4 56 theme Col. 866:869 arg1 addition 874:881 the unmodified Col. In addition 851:881 the unmodified Col. In addition 851:881 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 3 57 theme Col 695:697 arg1 samples 699:705 the Col samples 691:705 the Col samples using DAC 691:715 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 4 58 theme 2 824:824 arg1 composite 797:805 the Col-DAC composite 785:805 the Col-DAC composite 785:805 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 4 58 theme 2 824:824 arg1 times 826:830 times 826:830 times 826:830 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 2 59 theme dielectric 325:334 arg1 spectroscopy 336:347 the dielectric spectroscopy 321:347 the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field 321:400 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 2 60 theme mercury 297:303 arg1 porosimetry 305:315 mercury porosimetry 297:315 mercury porosimetry 297:315 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 1 61 theme critical 227:234 arg1 features 236:243 critical features 227:243 critical features for neural tissue engineering 227:273 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 61 theme critical 227:234 arg1 selection 122:130 selection 122:130 selection 122:130 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 1 61 theme critical 227:234 arg1 design 111:116 design 111:116 design 111:116 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 4 62 theme activation 722:731 arg1 energy 733:738 The activation energy 718:738 The activation energy 718:738 The activation energy needed to break the bonds formed by water in the Col-DAC composite is approximately 2 times lower than that in the unmodified Col. In addition, the magnitude of conductivity for modified Col at 70°C is approximately 40% lower than that recorded for the unmodified Col. The largest fraction, of which at least 70% of the total pore volume comprises the sponge, is occupied by pores ranging from 20 to 100μm in size. 27519295 5 63 dep behaviour 1187:1195 arg1 the 1172:1174 the 1172:1174 the 1172:1174 The knowledge on the dielectric behaviour and microstructure of the Col-DAC scaffold may prove relevant to neural tissue engineering focused on the regeneration of the nervous system. 27519295 1 64 theme well-defined 160:171 arg1 distribution 184:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 well-defined pores size distribution 160:195 The design and selection of a suitable scaffold with well-defined pores size distribution and dielectric properties are critical features for neural tissue engineering. 27519295 2 65 theme dialdehyde 493:502 arg1 DAC 515:517 DAC 515:517 DAC 515:517 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 2 65 theme dialdehyde 493:502 arg1 cellulose 504:512 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose 489:512 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) 489:518 In this study we use mercury porosimetry and the dielectric spectroscopy in the alpha-dispersion region of the electric field to determine the microarchitecture and activation energy of collagen (Col) modified by 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). 27519295 3 66 theme Col 642:644 arg1 sponge-shape 646:657 a 3D Col sponge-shape 637:657 a 3D Col sponge-shape 637:657 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 27519295 3 67 theme DAC 585:587 arg1 preparation 570:580 preparation 570:580 three steps: (i) preparation of DAC 553:587 The scaffold was synthesized in three steps: (i) preparation of DAC by oxidation of cellulose, (ii) construction of a 3D Col sponge-shape or film, (iii) cross-linkage of the Col samples using DAC. 24677771 8 0 theme enzymatic 1460:1468 arg1 hydrolysis 1474:1483 enzymatic SBP hydrolysis 1460:1483 enzymatic SBP hydrolysis 1460:1483 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 1 1 theme second 156:161 arg1 generation 163:172 second generation 156:172 second generation 156:172 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 5 2 theme Sclerotium 763:772 arg1 rolfsii 774:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 2 theme Sclerotium 763:772 arg1 pathogen 814:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 8 3 theme high 1445:1448 arg1 degree 1450:1455 a high degree 1443:1455 a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis 1443:1483 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 1 4 theme generation 163:172 arg1 production 142:151 the production 138:151 the production of second generation 138:172 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 7 5 theme mg 1155:1156 arg1 cellulase 1137:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase 1118:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) 1118:1167 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 7 5 theme mg 1155:1156 arg1 SBP 1164:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 2 6 theme difficult 326:334 arg1 by-product 367:376 a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product 324:376 a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 324:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 6 theme difficult 326:334 arg1 pulp 303:306 sugar beet pulp 292:306 sugar beet pulp (SBP) 292:312 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 6 7 dep pectin 1060:1065 arg1 the 1056:1058 the 1056:1058 the 1056:1058 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 2 8 theme beet 298:301 arg1 SBP 309:311 SBP 309:311 SBP 309:311 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 8 theme beet 298:301 arg1 by-product 367:376 a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product 324:376 a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 324:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 8 theme beet 298:301 arg1 pulp 303:306 sugar beet pulp 292:306 sugar beet pulp (SBP) 292:312 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 8 9 theme activities 1311:1320 arg1 combination 1247:1257 the combination 1243:1257 the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities 1243:1320 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 6 10 theme g 965:965 arg1 protein 971:977 0.2 mg g(-1) protein 958:977 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 958:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 7 11 theme g 1158:1158 arg1 cellulase 1137:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase 1118:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) 1118:1167 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 7 11 theme g 1158:1158 arg1 SBP 1164:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 2 12 theme sugar 292:296 arg1 beet 298:301 sugar beet 292:301 sugar beet pulp (SBP) 292:312 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 13 dep difficult 326:334 arg1 hemicellulose-rich 348:365 hemicellulose-rich 348:365 hemicellulose-rich 348:365 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 6 14 theme mg 962:963 arg1 protein 971:977 0.2 mg g(-1) protein 958:977 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 958:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 4 15 theme second 620:625 arg1 step 627:630 a second step 618:630 a second step 618:630 In a second step, the ability of the culture supernatants to hydrolyze thermally pretreated SBP was tested in batch experiments. 24677771 3 16 theme oxidative 522:530 arg1 enzymes 532:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes 485:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown 485:597 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 4 17 theme culture 652:658 arg1 supernatants 660:671 the culture supernatants 648:671 the culture supernatants 648:671 In a second step, the ability of the culture supernatants to hydrolyze thermally pretreated SBP was tested in batch experiments. 24677771 6 18 theme large 1038:1042 arg1 fraction 1044:1051 a large fraction 1036:1051 a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP 1036:1099 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 8 19 theme SBP 1470:1472 arg1 hydrolysis 1474:1483 enzymatic SBP hydrolysis 1460:1483 enzymatic SBP hydrolysis 1460:1483 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 5 20 theme rolfsii 774:780 arg1 supernatant 748:758 The supernatant 744:758 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, 744:822 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 21 contain have 837:840 arg2 activity 865:872 the highest hydrolytic activity 842:872 the highest hydrolytic activity 842:872 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 21 contain have 837:840 arg1 supernatant 748:758 The supernatant 744:758 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, 744:822 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 1 22 theme lignocellulose 75:88 arg1 recalcitrance 58:70 The recalcitrance 54:70 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose 54:88 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 8 23 theme hydrolytic 1401:1410 arg1 enzymes 1412:1418 these hydrolytic enzymes 1395:1418 these hydrolytic enzymes 1395:1418 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 5 24 theme highest 846:852 arg1 activity 865:872 the highest hydrolytic activity 842:872 the highest hydrolytic activity 842:872 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 25 theme facultative 796:806 arg1 rolfsii 774:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 25 theme facultative 796:806 arg1 pathogen 814:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 6 26 theme enzyme 943:948 arg1 load 950:953 A low enzyme load 937:953 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 937:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 26 theme enzyme 943:948 arg1 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 4 27 theme batch 725:729 arg1 experiments 731:741 batch experiments 725:741 batch experiments 725:741 In a second step, the ability of the culture supernatants to hydrolyze thermally pretreated SBP was tested in batch experiments. 24677771 7 28 theme reesei 1130:1135 arg1 SBP 1164:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 7 28 theme reesei 1130:1135 arg1 cellulase 1137:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase 1118:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) 1118:1167 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 1 29 theme major 185:189 arg1 challenge 191:199 a major challenge 183:199 a major challenge 183:199 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 0 30 theme Fungal 0:5 arg1 secretomes 7:16 Fungal secretomes 0:16 Fungal secretomes 0:16 Fungal secretomes enhance sugar beet pulp hydrolysis. 24677771 6 31 theme 0.2 958:960 arg1 mg 962:963 mg 962:963 mg 962:963 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 1 32 theme enzymatic 96:104 arg1 hydrolysis 106:115 enzymatic hydrolysis 96:115 enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass 96:132 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 3 33 theme fungal 413:418 arg1 strains 420:426 Three fungal strains 407:426 Three fungal strains 407:426 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 0 34 theme sugar 26:30 arg1 hydrolysis 42:51 sugar beet pulp hydrolysis 26:51 sugar beet pulp hydrolysis 26:51 Fungal secretomes enhance sugar beet pulp hydrolysis. 24677771 5 35 theme plant 808:812 arg1 rolfsii 774:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 35 theme plant 808:812 arg1 pathogen 814:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 6 36 from load 950:953 arg1 supernatant 996:1006 the culture supernatant 984:1006 the culture supernatant 984:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 37 from SBP 1097:1099 arg1 present 1086:1092 present 1086:1092 present 1086:1092 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 3 38 theme different 442:450 arg1 substrates 452:461 different substrates 442:461 different substrates 442:461 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 7 39 theme Trichoderma 1118:1128 arg1 SBP 1164:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP 1148:1166 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 7 39 theme Trichoderma 1118:1128 arg1 cellulase 1137:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase 1118:1145 Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) 1118:1167 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 8 40 theme low 1492:1494 arg1 load 1503:1506 a low enzyme load 1490:1506 a low enzyme load 1490:1506 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 2 41 theme pulp 303:306 arg1 hydrolysis 278:287 the enzymatic hydrolysis 264:287 the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 264:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 42 theme industry 397:404 arg1 by-product 367:376 a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product 324:376 a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 324:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 42 theme industry 397:404 arg1 pulp 303:306 sugar beet pulp 292:306 sugar beet pulp (SBP) 292:312 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 0 43 theme pulp 37:40 arg1 hydrolysis 42:51 sugar beet pulp hydrolysis 26:51 sugar beet pulp hydrolysis 26:51 Fungal secretomes enhance sugar beet pulp hydrolysis. 24677771 4 44 theme pretreated 696:705 arg1 SBP 707:709 thermally pretreated SBP 686:709 thermally pretreated SBP 686:709 In a second step, the ability of the culture supernatants to hydrolyze thermally pretreated SBP was tested in batch experiments. 24677771 6 45 theme present 1086:1092 arg1 pectin 1060:1065 pectin 1060:1065 pectin 1060:1065 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 2 46 theme economic 242:249 arg1 approach 251:258 an efficient and economic approach 225:258 an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 225:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 2 47 theme sugar 391:395 arg1 industry 397:404 the table sugar industry 381:404 the table sugar industry 381:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 0 48 theme beet 32:35 arg1 hydrolysis 42:51 sugar beet pulp hydrolysis 26:51 sugar beet pulp hydrolysis 26:51 Fungal secretomes enhance sugar beet pulp hydrolysis. 24677771 6 49 theme low 939:941 arg1 load 950:953 A low enzyme load 937:953 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 937:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 49 theme low 939:941 arg1 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 5 50 theme hydrolytic 854:863 arg1 activity 865:872 the highest hydrolytic activity 842:872 the highest hydrolytic activity 842:872 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 2 51 theme table 385:389 arg1 industry 397:404 the table sugar industry 381:404 the table sugar industry 381:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 8 52 theme enzymes 1412:1418 arg1 combination 1380:1390 a combination 1378:1390 a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes 1378:1418 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 3 53 theme various 485:491 arg1 enzymes 532:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes 485:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown 485:597 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 8 54 theme cellulolytic 1298:1309 arg1 activities 1311:1320 cellulolytic activities 1298:1320 cellulolytic activities 1298:1320 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 8 55 theme hydrolysis 1474:1483 arg1 degree 1450:1455 a high degree 1443:1455 a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis 1443:1483 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 2 56 theme efficient 228:236 arg1 approach 251:258 an efficient and economic approach 225:258 an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 225:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 6 57 theme pectin 1060:1065 arg1 fraction 1044:1051 a large fraction 1036:1051 a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP 1036:1099 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 1 58 theme plant 120:124 arg1 biomass 126:132 plant biomass 120:132 plant biomass 120:132 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 5 59 theme soil-borne 785:794 arg1 rolfsii 774:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 Sclerotium rolfsii 763:780 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 5 59 theme soil-borne 785:794 arg1 pathogen 814:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen 783:821 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 8 60 theme complex 1351:1357 arg1 SBP 1359:1361 the complex SBP composite 1347:1371 the complex SBP composite 1347:1371 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 6 61 attach present 1086:1092 arg1 SBP 1097:1099 SBP 1097:1099 SBP 1097:1099 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 61 attach present 1086:1092 arg2 pectin 1060:1065 pectin 1060:1065 pectin 1060:1065 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 3 62 theme cellulose 579:587 arg1 breakdown 589:597 cellulose breakdown 579:597 cellulose breakdown 579:597 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 3 63 theme extracellular 493:505 arg1 enzymes 532:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes 485:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown 485:597 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 1 64 theme biomass 126:132 arg1 hydrolysis 106:115 enzymatic hydrolysis 96:115 enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass 96:132 The recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. 24677771 8 65 theme composite 1363:1371 arg1 SBP 1359:1361 the complex SBP composite 1347:1371 the complex SBP composite 1347:1371 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 6 66 from supernatant 996:1006 arg1 load 950:953 A low enzyme load 937:953 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 937:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 66 from supernatant 996:1006 arg1 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 66 from supernatant 996:1006 arg1 protein 971:977 0.2 mg g(-1) protein 958:977 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 958:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 2 67 theme enzymatic 268:276 arg1 hydrolysis 278:287 the enzymatic hydrolysis 264:287 the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry 264:404 This work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. 24677771 6 68 from present 1086:1092 arg1 SBP 1097:1099 SBP 1097:1099 SBP 1097:1099 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 5 69 theme further 902:908 arg1 experiments 924:934 further hydrolyzation experiments 902:934 further hydrolyzation experiments 902:934 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 8 70 theme hemicellulolytic 1276:1291 arg1 combination 1247:1257 the combination 1243:1257 the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities 1243:1320 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 3 71 theme enzymes 532:538 arg1 production 471:480 the production 467:480 the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown 467:597 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 5 72 theme hydrolyzation 910:922 arg1 experiments 924:934 further hydrolyzation experiments 902:934 further hydrolyzation experiments 902:934 The supernatant of Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne facultative plant pathogen, was found to have the highest hydrolytic activity on SBP and was selected for further hydrolyzation experiments. 24677771 8 73 theme pectinolytic 1262:1273 arg1 combination 1247:1257 the combination 1243:1257 the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities 1243:1320 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 24677771 6 74 theme hemicelluloses 1071:1084 arg1 fraction 1044:1051 a large fraction 1036:1051 a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP 1036:1099 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 75 theme culture 988:994 arg1 supernatant 996:1006 the culture supernatant 984:1006 the culture supernatant 984:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 3 76 theme hydrolytic 507:516 arg1 enzymes 532:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes 485:538 various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown 485:597 Three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose breakdown were monitored. 24677771 6 77 theme protein 971:977 arg1 load 950:953 A low enzyme load 937:953 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant 937:1006 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 6 77 theme protein 971:977 arg1 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 sufficient 1012:1021 A low enzyme load of 0.2 mg g(-1) protein from the culture supernatant was sufficient to hydrolyze a large fraction of the pectin and hemicelluloses present in SBP. 24677771 7 78 theme cellulose 1214:1222 arg1 hydrolyzation 1197:1209 almost complete hydrolyzation 1181:1209 almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose 1181:1222 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 7 79 theme complete 1188:1195 arg1 hydrolyzation 1197:1209 almost complete hydrolyzation 1181:1209 almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose 1181:1222 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 4 80 theme supernatants 660:671 arg1 ability 637:643 the ability 633:643 the ability of the culture supernatants to hydrolyze thermally pretreated SBP 633:709 In a second step, the ability of the culture supernatants to hydrolyze thermally pretreated SBP was tested in batch experiments. 24677771 7 81 theme cellulase 1137:1145 arg1 addition 1106:1113 The addition 1102:1113 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) 1102:1167 The addition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase (1-17.5 mg g(-1) SBP) resulted in almost complete hydrolyzation of cellulose. 24677771 8 82 theme enzyme 1496:1501 arg1 load 1503:1506 a low enzyme load 1490:1506 a low enzyme load 1490:1506 It was found that the combination of pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities works synergistically on the complex SBP composite, and a combination of these hydrolytic enzymes is required to achieve a high degree of enzymatic SBP hydrolysis with a low enzyme load. 26779667 9 0 theme fiber 1356:1360 arg1 morphology 1408:1417 the morphology 1404:1417 the morphology of normal nerve 1404:1433 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 9 0 theme fiber 1356:1360 arg1 morphology 1323:1332 the morphology 1319:1332 the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel 1319:1384 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 4 1 theme cross-linking 721:733 arg1 addition 656:663 Michael-type addition 643:663 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group 643:701 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 1 theme cross-linking 721:733 arg1 reaction 735:742 a cross-linking reaction 719:742 a cross-linking reaction 719:742 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 6 2 theme bulk 1012:1015 arg1 force 1026:1030 the bulk cohesive force 1008:1030 the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel 1008:1046 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 0 3 theme Adhesive 87:94 arg1 Force 96:100 Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force 48:100 Force 96:100 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 6 4 theme interfacial 1056:1066 arg1 force 1077:1081 the interfacial adhesive force 1052:1081 the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium 1052:1117 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 7 5 theme storage 1124:1130 arg1 modulus 1132:1138 The storage modulus 1120:1138 The storage modulus of the hydrogel 1120:1154 The storage modulus of the hydrogel was elevated to more than 2400 Pa. 26779667 0 6 theme Mimicking 103:111 arg1 Features 113:120 Mimicking Features 103:120 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 0:175 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 9 7 theme nerves 1480:1485 arg1 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 9 7 theme nerves 1480:1485 arg1 ratio 1455:1459 the axon cross ratio 1440:1459 the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) 1440:1514 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 3 8 theme natural 567:573 arg1 matrices 586:593 natural epineurium matrices 567:593 natural epineurium matrices 567:593 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 2 9 theme adhesives 310:318 arg1 beneficial 388:397 beneficial 388:397 beneficial 388:397 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue would be extremely beneficial to this field. 26779667 2 9 theme adhesives 310:318 arg1 development 275:285 The development 271:285 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue 271:367 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue would be extremely beneficial to this field. 26779667 10 10 theme gelling 1599:1605 arg1 system 1607:1612 the in situ rapid gelling system 1581:1612 the in situ rapid gelling system 1581:1612 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 9 11 theme cross 1449:1453 arg1 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 9 11 theme cross 1449:1453 arg1 ratio 1455:1459 the axon cross ratio 1440:1459 the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) 1440:1514 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 8 12 theme fibrin 1277:1282 arg1 glue 1284:1287 fibrin glue 1277:1287 fibrin glue 1277:1287 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 8 13 theme force 1255:1259 arg1 N 1250:1250 0.185 N 1244:1250 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) 1244:1288 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 2 14 theme nerve 304:308 arg1 adhesives 310:318 biocompatible nerve adhesives 290:318 biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue 290:367 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue would be extremely beneficial to this field. 26779667 3 15 theme adhesive 451:458 arg1 hydrogel 460:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 3 16 with compatibility 616:628 arg1 nerves 635:640 nerves 635:640 nerves 635:640 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 2 17 theme biocompatible 290:302 arg1 adhesives 310:318 biocompatible nerve adhesives 290:318 biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue 290:367 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue would be extremely beneficial to this field. 26779667 1 18 theme strong 188:193 arg1 reconnection 195:206 strong reconnection 188:206 strong reconnection 188:206 Prompt and strong reconnection of severed peripheral nerves is crucial to nerve regeneration. 26779667 0 19 theme Gelling 6:12 arg1 Hydrogel 34:41 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel 0:41 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 0:175 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 3 20 dep in 429:430 arg1 situ 432:435 situ 432:435 situ 432:435 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 10 21 theme nerves 1678:1683 arg1 repair 1649:1654 the repair 1645:1654 the repair of severed peripheral nerves 1645:1683 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 3 22 theme polysaccharides/protein 530:552 arg1 structure 554:562 the polysaccharides/protein structure 526:562 the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices 526:593 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 3 23 theme forming 437:443 arg1 hydrogel 460:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 0 24 theme Rapid 0:4 arg1 Hydrogel 34:41 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel 0:41 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 0:175 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 9 25 theme axon 1444:1447 arg1 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 higher 1525:1530 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 9 25 theme axon 1444:1447 arg1 ratio 1455:1459 the axon cross ratio 1440:1459 the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) 1440:1514 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 10 26 theme in 1585:1586 arg1 system 1607:1612 the in situ rapid gelling system 1581:1612 the in situ rapid gelling system 1581:1612 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 10 27 theme peripheral 1667:1676 arg1 nerves 1678:1683 severed peripheral nerves 1659:1683 severed peripheral nerves 1659:1683 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 3 28 theme nerve 445:449 arg1 hydrogel 460:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 8 29 theme nerve 1202:1206 arg1 property 1217:1224 A superior nerve adhesion property 1191:1224 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) 1191:1288 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 9 30 theme suture 1551:1556 arg1 % 1571:1571 35% 1569:1571 35% 1569:1571 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 9 30 theme suture 1551:1556 arg1 technique 1558:1566 the suture technique 1547:1566 the suture technique (35%) 1547:1572 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 0 31 theme Matrix 136:141 arg1 Features 113:120 Mimicking Features 103:120 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 0:175 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 3 32 theme epineurium 575:584 arg1 matrices 586:593 natural epineurium matrices 567:593 natural epineurium matrices 567:593 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 5 33 dep quick 875:879 arg1 seal 900:903 seal 900:903 seal 900:903 Gelation occurred within 10 s, quick enough to promptly seal the transected nerve. 26779667 1 34 theme severed 211:217 arg1 nerves 230:235 severed peripheral nerves 211:235 severed peripheral nerves 211:235 Prompt and strong reconnection of severed peripheral nerves is crucial to nerve regeneration. 26779667 0 35 theme Chitosan/Polylysine 14:32 arg1 Hydrogel 34:41 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel 0:41 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 0:175 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 0 36 theme Epineurial 125:134 arg1 Matrix 136:141 Epineurial Matrix 125:141 Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis 125:174 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 3 37 theme matrices 586:593 arg1 structure 554:562 the polysaccharides/protein structure 526:562 the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices 526:593 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 9 38 theme regenerated 1468:1478 arg1 nerves 1480:1485 the regenerated nerves 1464:1485 the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) 1464:1514 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 1 39 theme peripheral 219:228 arg1 nerves 230:235 severed peripheral nerves 211:235 severed peripheral nerves 211:235 Prompt and strong reconnection of severed peripheral nerves is crucial to nerve regeneration. 26779667 3 40 theme in 429:430 arg1 hydrogel 460:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel 426:467 We designed an in situ forming nerve adhesive hydrogel composed of chitosan and ε-polylysine (PL), which mimics the polysaccharides/protein structure of natural epineurium matrices, thus, enhancing the compatibility with nerves. 26779667 0 41 theme Peripheral 147:156 arg1 Anastomosis 164:174 Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis 147:174 Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis 147:174 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 8 42 theme higher 1265:1270 arg1 8× 1262:1263 8× 1262:1263 8× higher than fibrin glue 1262:1287 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 0 43 dep Cohesive 62:69 arg1 Enhanced 48:55 Enhanced 48:55 Enhanced 48:55 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 6 44 theme adhesive 1068:1075 arg1 force 1077:1081 the interfacial adhesive force 1052:1081 the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium 1052:1117 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 4 45 theme maleimide 677:685 arg1 group 697:701 the maleimide and thiol group 673:701 group 697:701 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 46 theme thiol 691:695 arg1 group 697:701 the maleimide and thiol group 673:701 group 697:701 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 6 47 theme PL 959:960 arg1 molecules 962:970 PL molecules 959:970 PL molecules 959:970 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 8 48 theme adhesion 1208:1215 arg1 property 1217:1224 A superior nerve adhesion property 1191:1224 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) 1191:1288 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 4 49 theme curing 829:834 arg1 speed 822:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed 796:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed) 796:841 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 49 theme curing 829:834 arg1 speed 836:840 curing speed 829:840 curing speed 829:840 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 0 50 with Hydrogel 34:41 arg1 Force 96:100 Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force 48:100 Force 96:100 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 0 50 with Hydrogel 34:41 arg1 Cohesive 62:69 Cohesive 62:69 Cohesive 62:69 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 6 51 theme hydrogel 1039:1046 arg1 force 1026:1030 the bulk cohesive force 1008:1030 the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel 1008:1046 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 6 51 theme hydrogel 1039:1046 arg1 force 1077:1081 the interfacial adhesive force 1052:1081 the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium 1052:1117 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 9 52 theme nerve 1429:1433 arg1 morphology 1408:1417 the morphology 1404:1417 the morphology of normal nerve 1404:1433 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 9 52 theme nerve 1429:1433 arg1 morphology 1323:1332 the morphology 1319:1332 the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel 1319:1384 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 5 53 theme transected 909:918 arg1 nerve 920:924 the transected nerve 905:924 the transected nerve 905:924 Gelation occurred within 10 s, quick enough to promptly seal the transected nerve. 26779667 7 54 theme hydrogel 1147:1154 arg1 modulus 1132:1138 The storage modulus 1120:1138 The storage modulus of the hydrogel 1120:1154 The storage modulus of the hydrogel was elevated to more than 2400 Pa. 26779667 0 55 theme Nerve 158:162 arg1 Anastomosis 164:174 Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis 147:174 Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis 147:174 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 9 56 theme normal 1422:1427 arg1 nerve 1429:1433 normal nerve 1422:1433 normal nerve 1422:1433 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 10 57 theme rapid 1593:1597 arg1 system 1607:1612 the in situ rapid gelling system 1581:1612 the in situ rapid gelling system 1581:1612 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 9 58 theme repaired 1341:1348 arg1 fiber 1356:1360 the repaired nerve fiber 1337:1360 the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel 1337:1384 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 4 59 theme formation 812:820 arg1 speed 822:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed 796:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed) 796:841 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 59 theme formation 812:820 arg1 speed 836:840 curing speed 829:840 curing speed 829:840 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 0 60 dep Hydrogel 34:41 arg1 Features 113:120 Mimicking Features 103:120 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 0:175 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 6 61 dep hydrogel 1095:1102 arg1 the 1091:1093 the 1091:1093 the 1091:1093 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 2 62 theme fibrin 357:362 arg1 glue 364:367 commonly used fibrin glue 343:367 commonly used fibrin glue 343:367 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue would be extremely beneficial to this field. 26779667 10 63 theme severed 1659:1665 arg1 nerves 1678:1683 severed peripheral nerves 1659:1683 severed peripheral nerves 1659:1683 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 9 64 theme nerve 1350:1354 arg1 fiber 1356:1360 the repaired nerve fiber 1337:1360 the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel 1337:1384 After 8 weeks, the morphology of the repaired nerve fiber coapted by our hydrogel was very close to the morphology of normal nerve, and the axon cross ratio of the regenerated nerves coapted using hydrogel (57%) was much higher than employing the suture technique (35%). 26779667 4 65 theme fast 798:801 arg1 speed 822:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed 796:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed) 796:841 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 65 theme fast 798:801 arg1 speed 836:840 curing speed 829:840 curing speed 829:840 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 66 theme hydrogel 803:810 arg1 speed 822:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed 796:826 a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed) 796:841 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 66 theme hydrogel 803:810 arg1 speed 836:840 curing speed 829:840 curing speed 829:840 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 2 67 theme used 352:355 arg1 glue 364:367 commonly used fibrin glue 343:367 commonly used fibrin glue 343:367 The development of biocompatible nerve adhesives that are stronger than commonly used fibrin glue would be extremely beneficial to this field. 26779667 4 68 theme foreign 757:763 arg1 damage 765:770 foreign damage 757:770 foreign damage to nerves 757:780 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 0 69 theme Interfacial 75:85 arg1 Force 96:100 Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force 48:100 Force 96:100 Rapid Gelling Chitosan/Polylysine Hydrogel with Enhanced Bulk Cohesive and Interfacial Adhesive Force: Mimicking Features of Epineurial Matrix for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis. 26779667 8 70 dep force 1255:1259 arg1 8× 1262:1263 8× 1262:1263 8× higher than fibrin glue 1262:1287 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 4 71 theme Michael-type 643:654 arg1 addition 656:663 Michael-type addition 643:663 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group 643:701 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 4 71 theme Michael-type 643:654 arg1 reaction 735:742 a cross-linking reaction 719:742 a cross-linking reaction 719:742 Michael-type addition between the maleimide and thiol group was employed as a cross-linking reaction to eliminate foreign damage to nerves and to ensure a fast hydrogel formation speed (curing speed). 26779667 10 72 theme promising 1623:1631 arg1 approach 1633:1640 a promising approach 1621:1640 a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves 1621:1683 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 1 73 theme nerve 251:255 arg1 regeneration 257:268 nerve regeneration 251:268 nerve regeneration 251:268 Prompt and strong reconnection of severed peripheral nerves is crucial to nerve regeneration. 26779667 10 74 dep in 1585:1586 arg1 situ 1588:1591 situ 1588:1591 situ 1588:1591 Thus, the in situ rapid gelling system offers a promising approach to the repair of severed peripheral nerves. 26779667 6 75 theme Catechol 927:934 arg1 groups 936:941 Catechol groups 927:941 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules 927:970 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 26779667 8 76 theme superior 1193:1200 arg1 property 1217:1224 A superior nerve adhesion property 1191:1224 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) 1191:1288 A superior nerve adhesion property that can tolerate 0.185 N of force (8× higher than fibrin glue) was obtained. 26779667 6 77 theme cohesive 1017:1024 arg1 force 1026:1030 the bulk cohesive force 1008:1030 the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel 1008:1046 Catechol groups conjugated onto PL molecules were demonstrated to reinforce both the bulk cohesive force of the hydrogel and the interfacial adhesive force between the hydrogel and epineurium. 25325144 0 0 theme cell 103:106 arg1 stimulation 108:118 cell stimulation 103:118 cell stimulation 103:118 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon nanotube/chitosan hybrids by electrodeposition for cell stimulation and therapeutics delivery. 25325144 8 1 theme delivery 1573:1580 arg1 device 1582:1587 a protein delivery device 1563:1587 a protein delivery device 1563:1587 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 7 2 theme nanostructured 1187:1200 arg1 interfaces 1209:1218 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces 1183:1218 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces 1183:1218 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 1 3 theme metallic 186:193 arg1 implants 195:202 metallic implants 186:202 metallic implants 186:202 Exploring the biological interfaces of metallic implants has been an important issue in achieving biofunctional success. 25325144 9 4 theme CNT-Chi 1630:1636 arg1 layer 1638:1642 the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer 1604:1642 the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer 1604:1642 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 7 5 theme hybrid 1202:1207 arg1 interfaces 1209:1218 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces 1183:1218 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces 1183:1218 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 5 6 theme mineral 957:963 arg1 hydroxyapatite 942:955 hydroxyapatite mineral 942:963 hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid 942:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 1 7 theme implants 195:202 arg1 interfaces 172:181 the biological interfaces 157:181 the biological interfaces of metallic implants 157:202 Exploring the biological interfaces of metallic implants has been an important issue in achieving biofunctional success. 25325144 9 8 theme protein-delivering 1735:1752 arg1 biointerface 1754:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface 1696:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants 1696:1786 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 9 9 theme cell-stimulating 1713:1728 arg1 biointerface 1754:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface 1696:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants 1696:1786 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 2 10 theme bioactive 333:341 arg1 composition 343:353 bioactive composition 333:353 bioactive composition 333:353 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 7 11 theme surface 1347:1353 arg1 area 1355:1358 surface area 1347:1358 surface area of the nanotopology 1347:1378 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 9 12 theme metallic 1770:1777 arg1 implants 1779:1786 metallic implants 1770:1786 metallic implants 1770:1786 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 3 13 theme nanohybrid 567:576 arg1 layer 578:582 the decorated nanohybrid layer 553:582 the decorated nanohybrid layer 553:582 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 2 14 theme carbon 369:374 arg1 CNT 386:388 CNT 386:388 CNT 386:388 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 2 14 theme carbon 369:374 arg1 nanotube 376:383 a carbon nanotube 367:383 a carbon nanotube (CNT) 367:389 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 4 15 theme hybrid 722:727 arg1 interfaces 729:738 the nanostructured hybrid interfaces 703:738 the nanostructured hybrid interfaces 703:738 Over a wide compositional range, the nanostructured hybrid interfaces were successfully formed with varying thicknesses, depending on the electrodeposition parameters. 25325144 5 16 from degradation 888:898 arg1 water 910:914 saline water 903:914 saline water 903:914 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 5 16 from degradation 888:898 arg1 fluid 985:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 9 17 theme implants 1779:1786 arg1 biointerface 1754:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface 1696:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants 1696:1786 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 5 18 theme saline 903:908 arg1 water 910:914 saline water 903:914 saline water 903:914 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 8 19 dep a 1506:1506 arg1 couple 1508:1513 couple 1508:1513 couple 1508:1513 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 4 20 theme compositional 682:694 arg1 range 696:700 a wide compositional range 675:700 a wide compositional range 675:700 Over a wide compositional range, the nanostructured hybrid interfaces were successfully formed with varying thicknesses, depending on the electrodeposition parameters. 25325144 6 21 theme adhesion 1052:1059 arg1 rate 1119:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 21 theme adhesion 1052:1059 arg1 behaviors 1135:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 21 theme adhesion 1052:1059 arg1 expression 1150:1159 expression 1150:1159 expression of adhesive proteins 1150:1180 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 21 theme adhesion 1052:1059 arg1 events 1061:1066 the initial adhesion events 1040:1066 the initial adhesion events 1040:1066 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 8 22 theme incorporated 1398:1409 arg1 protein 1411:1417 the incorporated protein 1394:1417 the incorporated protein 1394:1417 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 2 23 theme nanotopological 304:318 arg1 features 320:327 nanotopological features 304:327 nanotopological features 304:327 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 4 24 theme wide 677:680 arg1 range 696:700 a wide compositional range 675:700 a wide compositional range 675:700 Over a wide compositional range, the nanostructured hybrid interfaces were successfully formed with varying thicknesses, depending on the electrodeposition parameters. 25325144 7 25 theme protein 1261:1267 arg1 molecules 1269:1277 protein molecules 1261:1277 protein molecules 1261:1277 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 7 26 theme nanotopology 1367:1378 arg1 area 1355:1358 surface area 1347:1358 surface area of the nanotopology 1347:1378 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 5 27 from fluid 985:989 arg1 induction 929:937 a rapid induction 921:937 a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid 921:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 5 27 from fluid 985:989 arg1 degradation 888:898 a time-sequenced degradation 871:898 a time-sequenced degradation in saline water 871:914 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 2 28 dep nanotube 376:383 arg1 hybrid 410:415 hybrid 410:415 hybrid 410:415 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 5 29 theme rapid 923:927 arg1 induction 929:937 a rapid induction 921:937 a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid 921:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 0 30 theme Nanostructured 0:13 arg1 biointerfacing 15:28 Nanostructured biointerfacing 0:28 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon 0:50 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon nanotube/chitosan hybrids by electrodeposition for cell stimulation and therapeutics delivery. 25325144 6 31 theme initial 1044:1050 arg1 rate 1119:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 31 theme initial 1044:1050 arg1 behaviors 1135:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 31 theme initial 1044:1050 arg1 expression 1150:1159 expression 1150:1159 expression of adhesive proteins 1150:1180 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 31 theme initial 1044:1050 arg1 events 1061:1066 the initial adhesion events 1040:1066 the initial adhesion events 1040:1066 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 4 32 theme varying 770:776 arg1 thicknesses 778:788 varying thicknesses 770:788 varying thicknesses 770:788 Over a wide compositional range, the nanostructured hybrid interfaces were successfully formed with varying thicknesses, depending on the electrodeposition parameters. 25325144 1 33 theme important 216:224 arg1 issue 226:230 an important issue 213:230 an important issue 213:230 Exploring the biological interfaces of metallic implants has been an important issue in achieving biofunctional success. 25325144 0 34 theme metals 33:38 arg1 biointerfacing 15:28 Nanostructured biointerfacing 0:28 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon 0:50 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon nanotube/chitosan hybrids by electrodeposition for cell stimulation and therapeutics delivery. 25325144 5 35 from hydroxyapatite 942:955 arg1 fluid 985:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 3 36 theme layer 578:582 arg1 biocompatibility 500:515 in vitro biocompatibility 491:515 in vitro biocompatibility 491:515 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 3 36 theme layer 578:582 arg1 properties 479:488 The physicochemical properties 459:488 The physicochemical properties 459:488 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 3 36 theme layer 578:582 arg1 capacity 541:548 protein delivering capacity 522:548 protein delivering capacity 522:548 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 6 37 theme adhesive 1164:1171 arg1 proteins 1173:1180 adhesive proteins 1164:1180 adhesive proteins 1164:1180 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 3 38 theme protein 522:528 arg1 capacity 541:548 protein delivering capacity 522:548 protein delivering capacity 522:548 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 9 39 theme hybrid 1623:1628 arg1 layer 1638:1642 the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer 1604:1642 the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer 1604:1642 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 2 40 theme electrophoretic 425:439 arg1 EPD 453:455 EPD 453:455 EPD 453:455 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 2 40 theme electrophoretic 425:439 arg1 deposition 441:450 an electrophoretic deposition 422:450 an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 422:456 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 7 41 theme molecules 1269:1277 arg1 adsorption 1247:1256 the adsorption 1243:1256 the adsorption 1243:1256 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 8 42 theme diffusion-controlled 1472:1491 arg1 pattern 1493:1499 a diffusion-controlled pattern 1470:1499 a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks 1470:1522 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 6 43 theme spreading 1125:1133 arg1 behaviors 1135:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 44 theme adhesion 1110:1117 arg1 rate 1119:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 4 45 theme nanostructured 707:720 arg1 interfaces 729:738 the nanostructured hybrid interfaces 703:738 the nanostructured hybrid interfaces 703:738 Over a wide compositional range, the nanostructured hybrid interfaces were successfully formed with varying thicknesses, depending on the electrodeposition parameters. 25325144 6 46 theme hybrid 1011:1016 arg1 substrates 1018:1027 The nanostructured hybrid substrates 992:1027 The nanostructured hybrid substrates 992:1027 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 5 47 theme CNT-Chi 838:844 arg1 interfaces 853:862 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces 838:862 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces 838:862 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 8 48 theme possible 1540:1547 arg1 usefulness 1549:1558 the possible usefulness 1536:1558 the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device 1536:1587 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 3 49 theme potential 618:626 arg1 usefulness 628:637 its potential usefulness 614:637 its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants 614:667 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 1 50 theme biofunctional 245:257 arg1 success 259:265 biofunctional success 245:265 biofunctional success 245:265 Exploring the biological interfaces of metallic implants has been an important issue in achieving biofunctional success. 25325144 5 51 theme hybrid 846:851 arg1 interfaces 853:862 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces 838:862 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces 838:862 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 6 52 theme nanostructured 996:1009 arg1 substrates 1018:1027 The nanostructured hybrid substrates 992:1027 The nanostructured hybrid substrates 992:1027 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 53 theme cell 1105:1108 arg1 rate 1119:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 54 theme proteins 1173:1180 arg1 rate 1119:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 54 theme proteins 1173:1180 arg1 behaviors 1135:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 54 theme proteins 1173:1180 arg1 expression 1150:1159 expression 1150:1159 expression of adhesive proteins 1150:1180 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 3 55 dep in 491:492 arg1 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 5 56 theme time-sequenced 873:886 arg1 degradation 888:898 a time-sequenced degradation 871:898 a time-sequenced degradation in saline water 871:914 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 0 57 with biointerfacing 15:28 arg1 carbon 45:50 carbon 45:50 carbon 45:50 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon nanotube/chitosan hybrids by electrodeposition for cell stimulation and therapeutics delivery. 25325144 5 58 theme simulated 970:978 arg1 fluid 985:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 2 59 with biointerface 286:297 arg1 features 320:327 nanotopological features 304:327 nanotopological features 304:327 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 2 59 with biointerface 286:297 arg1 composition 343:353 bioactive composition 333:353 bioactive composition 333:353 Here we develop a biointerface with nanotopological features and bioactive composition, comprising a carbon nanotube (CNT) and chitosan (Chi) hybrid, via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 25325144 9 60 theme nanostructured 1608:1621 arg1 layer 1638:1642 the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer 1604:1642 the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer 1604:1642 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 3 61 theme bone 642:645 arg1 implants 660:667 bone regenerating implants 642:667 bone regenerating implants 642:667 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 3 62 theme in 491:492 arg1 biocompatibility 500:515 in vitro biocompatibility 491:515 in vitro biocompatibility 491:515 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 0 63 dep electrodeposition 81:97 arg1 delivery 137:144 delivery 137:144 delivery 137:144 Nanostructured biointerfacing of metals with carbon nanotube/chitosan hybrids by electrodeposition for cell stimulation and therapeutics delivery. 25325144 4 64 theme electrodeposition 808:824 arg1 parameters 826:835 the electrodeposition parameters 804:835 the electrodeposition parameters 804:835 Over a wide compositional range, the nanostructured hybrid interfaces were successfully formed with varying thicknesses, depending on the electrodeposition parameters. 25325144 8 65 theme protein 1565:1571 arg1 device 1582:1587 a protein delivery device 1563:1587 a protein delivery device 1563:1587 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 3 66 theme regenerating 647:658 arg1 implants 660:667 bone regenerating implants 642:667 bone regenerating implants 642:667 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 1 67 theme biological 161:170 arg1 interfaces 172:181 the biological interfaces 157:181 the biological interfaces of metallic implants 157:202 Exploring the biological interfaces of metallic implants has been an important issue in achieving biofunctional success. 25325144 8 68 theme sustained 1444:1452 arg1 rate 1454:1457 a highly sustained rate 1435:1457 a highly sustained rate 1435:1457 Furthermore, the incorporated protein was released at a highly sustained rate, profiling a diffusion-controlled pattern over a couple of weeks, suggesting the possible usefulness as a protein delivery device. 25325144 5 69 theme body 980:983 arg1 fluid 985:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 7 70 theme surface 1305:1311 arg1 interaction 1320:1330 the surface charge interaction 1301:1330 the surface charge interaction 1301:1330 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 3 71 theme physicochemical 463:477 arg1 properties 479:488 The physicochemical properties 459:488 The physicochemical properties 459:488 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 5 72 from induction 929:937 arg1 water 910:914 saline water 903:914 saline water 903:914 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 5 72 from induction 929:937 arg1 fluid 985:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 a simulated body fluid 968:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 3 73 theme delivering 530:539 arg1 capacity 541:548 protein delivering capacity 522:548 protein delivering capacity 522:548 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 6 74 theme cells 1088:1092 arg1 rate 1119:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 cell adhesion rate 1105:1122 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 74 theme cells 1088:1092 arg1 behaviors 1135:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 spreading behaviors 1125:1143 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 74 theme cells 1088:1092 arg1 expression 1150:1159 expression 1150:1159 expression of adhesive proteins 1150:1180 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 6 74 theme cells 1088:1092 arg1 events 1061:1066 the initial adhesion events 1040:1066 the initial adhesion events 1040:1066 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 25325144 7 75 theme charge 1313:1318 arg1 interaction 1320:1330 the surface charge interaction 1301:1330 the surface charge interaction 1301:1330 The nanostructured hybrid interfaces significantly improved the adsorption of protein molecules, which was enabled by the surface charge interaction, and increased surface area of the nanotopology. 25325144 3 76 theme decorated 557:565 arg1 layer 578:582 the decorated nanohybrid layer 553:582 the decorated nanohybrid layer 553:582 The physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and protein delivering capacity of the decorated nanohybrid layer were investigated, to address its potential usefulness as bone regenerating implants. 25325144 5 77 theme hydroxyapatite 942:955 arg1 induction 929:937 a rapid induction 921:937 a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid 921:989 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 5 77 theme hydroxyapatite 942:955 arg1 degradation 888:898 a time-sequenced degradation 871:898 a time-sequenced degradation in saline water 871:914 CNT-Chi hybrid interfaces showed a time-sequenced degradation in saline water, and a rapid induction of hydroxyapatite mineral in a simulated body fluid. 25325144 9 78 theme biocompatible 1698:1710 arg1 biointerface 1754:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface 1696:1765 a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants 1696:1786 Collectively, the nanostructured hybrid CNT-Chi layer, implemented by an electrodeposition, is considered a biocompatible, cell-stimulating, and protein-delivering biointerface of metallic implants. 25325144 6 79 theme osteoblastic 1075:1086 arg1 cells 1088:1092 the osteoblastic cells 1071:1092 the osteoblastic cells 1071:1092 The nanostructured hybrid substrates stimulated the initial adhesion events of the osteoblastic cells, including cell adhesion rate, spreading behaviors, and expression of adhesive proteins. 24602133 11 0 theme galactosaminoglycans 1515:1534 arg1 composition 1500:1510 the disaccharide composition 1483:1510 the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans 1483:1534 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 8 1 theme high-cholesterol 1092:1107 arg1 P < 0.05 1118:1125 P < 0.05 1118:1125 P < 0.05 1118:1125 Versican was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05), whereas perlecan production showed no differences. 24602133 8 1 theme high-cholesterol 1092:1107 arg1 animals 1109:1115 high-cholesterol animals 1092:1115 high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05) 1092:1126 Versican was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05), whereas perlecan production showed no differences. 24602133 12 2 theme specific 1829:1836 arg1 modification 1853:1864 specific GAG structural modification 1829:1864 specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease 1829:1916 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 13 3 theme vascular 1996:2003 arg1 remodelling 2012:2022 vascular matrix remodelling 1996:2022 vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis 1996:2047 Results emphasize the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis. 24602133 0 4 from remodelling 17:27 arg1 response 76:83 response 76:83 response to hypercholesterolaemia 76:108 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 0 4 from remodelling 17:27 arg1 model 119:123 a rat model 113:123 a rat model 113:123 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 7 5 from production 942:951 arg1 animals 997:1003 high-cholesterol animals 980:1003 high-cholesterol animals 980:1003 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 12 6 theme first 1791:1795 arg1 step 1797:1800 the first step 1787:1800 the first step in atherogenesis 1787:1817 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 7 7 theme different 858:866 arg1 proteoglycans 868:880 different proteoglycans 858:880 different proteoglycans 858:880 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 0 8 theme rat 115:117 arg1 model 119:123 a rat model 113:123 a rat model 113:123 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 4 9 theme normal 576:581 arg1 features 583:590 normal features 576:590 normal features 576:590 Sections obtained from rat aortas showed normal features, in intimal-to-media ratio and lipid accumulation. 24602133 12 10 theme disease 1910:1916 arg1 development 1886:1896 the development 1882:1896 the development of vascular disease 1882:1916 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 9 11 theme total 1203:1207 arg1 content 1209:1215 the total content 1199:1215 the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1199:1244 No modification of the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was found between the two experimental groups. 24602133 13 12 theme potential 1952:1960 arg1 application 1962:1972 the potential application 1948:1972 the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis 1948:2047 Results emphasize the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis. 24602133 5 13 theme neo-intima 686:695 arg1 rearrangement 697:709 neo-intima rearrangement 686:709 neo-intima rearrangement 686:709 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 2 14 theme plaque 329:334 arg1 development 336:346 atheroma plaque development 320:346 atheroma plaque development 320:346 Nevertheless, hypercholesterolaemia is unable to induce intimal thickening and atheroma plaque development in rats. 24602133 9 15 theme content 1209:1215 arg1 modification 1183:1194 No modification 1180:1194 No modification of the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1180:1244 No modification of the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was found between the two experimental groups. 24602133 10 16 theme sulphate 1340:1347 arg1 ratio 1349:1353 the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio 1306:1353 the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio 1306:1353 In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high-cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). 24602133 0 17 from proteoglycans 59:71 arg1 response 76:83 response 76:83 response to hypercholesterolaemia 76:108 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 2 18 theme atheroma 320:327 arg1 development 336:346 atheroma plaque development 320:346 atheroma plaque development 320:346 Nevertheless, hypercholesterolaemia is unable to induce intimal thickening and atheroma plaque development in rats. 24602133 11 19 theme 6-sulphate 1580:1589 arg1 ratio 1571:1575 the ratio 1567:1575 the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides 1567:1617 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 3 20 theme wall 492:495 arg1 remodelling 497:507 vascular wall remodelling 483:507 vascular wall remodelling 483:507 The study was performed to analyse proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions. 24602133 3 21 theme proteoglycans 392:404 arg1 modifications 406:418 proteoglycans modifications 392:418 proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions 392:532 The study was performed to analyse proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions. 24602133 4 22 theme rat 558:560 arg1 aortas 562:567 rat aortas 558:567 rat aortas 558:567 Sections obtained from rat aortas showed normal features, in intimal-to-media ratio and lipid accumulation. 24602133 8 23 theme perlecan 1137:1144 arg1 production 1146:1155 perlecan production 1137:1155 perlecan production 1137:1155 Versican was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05), whereas perlecan production showed no differences. 24602133 9 24 theme glycosaminoglycans 1220:1237 arg1 content 1209:1215 the total content 1199:1215 the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1199:1244 No modification of the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was found between the two experimental groups. 24602133 7 25 theme diminished 931:940 arg1 production 942:951 a diminished production 929:951 a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals 929:1003 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 12 26 from step 1797:1800 arg1 atherogenesis 1805:1817 atherogenesis 1805:1817 atherogenesis 1805:1817 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 7 27 theme high-cholesterol 980:995 arg1 animals 997:1003 high-cholesterol animals 980:1003 high-cholesterol animals 980:1003 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 1 28 theme atherosclerosis 202:216 arg1 progression 218:228 atherosclerosis progression 202:228 atherosclerosis progression in humans 202:238 Proteoglycan accumulation within the arterial intima has been implicated in atherosclerosis progression in humans. 24602133 0 29 theme Atheroprotective 0:15 arg1 remodelling 17:27 Atheroprotective remodelling 0:27 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 0:124 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 4 30 theme lipid 623:627 arg1 accumulation 629:640 lipid accumulation 623:640 lipid accumulation 623:640 Sections obtained from rat aortas showed normal features, in intimal-to-media ratio and lipid accumulation. 24602133 5 31 theme high-cholesterol 728:743 arg1 animals 745:751 high-cholesterol animals 728:751 high-cholesterol animals 728:751 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 5 32 theme focal 652:656 arg1 hyperplasia 670:680 focal endothelial hyperplasia 652:680 focal endothelial hyperplasia 652:680 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 6 33 theme inflammatory 796:807 arg1 microenviroment 809:823 an inflammatory microenviroment 793:823 an inflammatory microenviroment 793:823 Besides, hypercholesterolaemia induced an inflammatory microenviroment. 24602133 3 34 theme vascular 483:490 arg1 remodelling 497:507 vascular wall remodelling 483:507 vascular wall remodelling 483:507 The study was performed to analyse proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions. 24602133 0 35 theme vascular 32:39 arg1 proteoglycans 59:71 vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans 32:71 vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia 32:108 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 11 36 theme disaccharide 1487:1498 arg1 composition 1500:1510 the disaccharide composition 1483:1510 the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans 1483:1534 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 5 37 theme endothelial 658:668 arg1 hyperplasia 670:680 focal endothelial hyperplasia 652:680 focal endothelial hyperplasia 652:680 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 7 38 theme biglycan 968:975 arg1 production 942:951 a diminished production 929:951 a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals 929:1003 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 10 39 dep control 1418:1424 arg1 0.56 1427:1430 0.56 1427:1430 0.56 1427:1430 In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high-cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). 24602133 10 39 dep control 1418:1424 arg1 0.34 1436:1439 0.34 1436:1439 0.34 1436:1439 In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high-cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). 24602133 11 40 theme 4-sulphate 1594:1603 arg1 disaccharides 1605:1617 4-sulphate disaccharides 1594:1617 4-sulphate disaccharides 1594:1617 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 13 41 theme matrix 2005:2010 arg1 remodelling 2012:2022 vascular matrix remodelling 1996:2022 vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis 1996:2047 Results emphasize the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis. 24602133 0 42 theme sulphate 50:57 arg1 proteoglycans 59:71 vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans 32:71 vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia 32:108 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 12 43 theme GAG 1838:1840 arg1 modification 1853:1864 specific GAG structural modification 1829:1864 specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease 1829:1916 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 7 44 theme decorin 956:962 arg1 production 942:951 a diminished production 929:951 a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals 929:1003 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 0 45 theme dermatan 41:48 arg1 proteoglycans 59:71 vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans 32:71 vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia 32:108 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 3 46 from modifications 406:418 arg1 rats 423:426 rats 423:426 rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions 423:532 The study was performed to analyse proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions. 24602133 7 47 theme Western 903:909 arg1 blot 911:914 Western blot 903:914 Western blot 903:914 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 3 48 theme high-cholesterol 439:454 arg1 diet 456:459 a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions 437:532 a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions 437:532 The study was performed to analyse proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions. 24602133 7 49 dep control 1019:1025 arg1 P < 0.05 1041:1048 P < 0.05 1041:1048 P < 0.05 1041:1048 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 7 49 dep control 1019:1025 arg1 P < 0.01 1028:1035 P < 0.01 1028:1035 P < 0.01 1028:1035 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 0 50 from response 76:83 arg1 remodelling 17:27 Atheroprotective remodelling 0:27 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 0:124 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 11 51 from alterations 1468:1478 arg1 composition 1500:1510 the disaccharide composition 1483:1510 the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans 1483:1534 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 1 52 theme Proteoglycan 126:137 arg1 accumulation 139:150 Proteoglycan accumulation 126:150 Proteoglycan accumulation within the arterial intima 126:177 Proteoglycan accumulation within the arterial intima has been implicated in atherosclerosis progression in humans. 24602133 0 53 theme proteoglycans 59:71 arg1 remodelling 17:27 Atheroprotective remodelling 0:27 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 0:124 Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model. 24602133 12 54 dep decorin 1713:1719 arg1 expression 1734:1743 expression 1734:1743 expression 1734:1743 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 11 55 theme high-cholesterol 1636:1651 arg1 P < 0.05 1662:1669 P < 0.05 1662:1669 P < 0.05 1662:1669 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 11 55 theme high-cholesterol 1636:1651 arg1 animals 1653:1659 high-cholesterol animals 1636:1659 high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05) 1636:1670 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 4 56 theme intimal-to-media 596:611 arg1 ratio 613:617 intimal-to-media ratio 596:617 intimal-to-media ratio 596:617 Sections obtained from rat aortas showed normal features, in intimal-to-media ratio and lipid accumulation. 24602133 12 57 theme vascular 1901:1908 arg1 disease 1910:1916 vascular disease 1901:1916 vascular disease 1901:1916 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 9 58 theme experimental 1272:1283 arg1 groups 1285:1290 the two experimental groups 1264:1290 the two experimental groups 1264:1290 No modification of the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was found between the two experimental groups. 24602133 10 59 theme high-cholesterol 1376:1391 arg1 group 1393:1397 the high-cholesterol group 1372:1397 the high-cholesterol group 1372:1397 In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high-cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). 24602133 7 60 theme aortic 887:892 arg1 cells 894:898 aortic cells 887:898 aortic cells 887:898 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 7 61 from cells 894:898 arg1 expression 844:853 the expression 840:853 the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells 840:898 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 2 62 theme intimal 297:303 arg1 thickening 305:314 intimal thickening 297:314 intimal thickening 297:314 Nevertheless, hypercholesterolaemia is unable to induce intimal thickening and atheroma plaque development in rats. 24602133 12 63 theme biglycan 1725:1732 arg1 strategy 1767:1774 an effective strategy 1754:1774 an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place 1754:1927 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 12 63 theme biglycan 1725:1732 arg1 attenuation 1698:1708 attenuation 1698:1708 attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression 1698:1743 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 10 64 theme chondroitin 1310:1320 arg1 ratio 1349:1353 the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio 1306:1353 the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio 1306:1353 In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high-cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). 24602133 13 65 theme therapies 1977:1985 arg1 application 1962:1972 the potential application 1948:1972 the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis 1948:2047 Results emphasize the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis. 24602133 12 66 theme structural 1842:1851 arg1 modification 1853:1864 specific GAG structural modification 1829:1864 specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease 1829:1916 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 12 67 theme effective 1757:1765 arg1 strategy 1767:1774 an effective strategy 1754:1774 an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place 1754:1927 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 12 67 theme effective 1757:1765 arg1 attenuation 1698:1708 attenuation 1698:1708 attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression 1698:1743 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 1 68 from progression 218:228 arg1 humans 233:238 humans 233:238 humans 233:238 Proteoglycan accumulation within the arterial intima has been implicated in atherosclerosis progression in humans. 24602133 1 69 theme arterial 163:170 arg1 intima 172:177 the arterial intima 159:177 the arterial intima 159:177 Proteoglycan accumulation within the arterial intima has been implicated in atherosclerosis progression in humans. 24602133 8 70 dep increased 1079:1087 arg1 whereas 1129:1135 whereas 1129:1135 whereas 1129:1135 Versican was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05), whereas perlecan production showed no differences. 24602133 7 71 theme proteoglycans 868:880 arg1 expression 844:853 the expression 840:853 the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells 840:898 We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high-cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). 24602133 11 72 theme Structural 1457:1466 arg1 alterations 1468:1478 Structural alterations 1457:1478 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans 1457:1534 Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6-sulphate to 4-sulphate disaccharides was increased in high-cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). 24602133 10 73 theme sulphate/dermatan 1322:1338 arg1 ratio 1349:1353 the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio 1306:1353 the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio 1306:1353 In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high-cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). 24602133 5 74 located observed 716:723 arg2 rearrangement 697:709 neo-intima rearrangement 686:709 neo-intima rearrangement 686:709 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 5 74 located observed 716:723 arg2 hyperplasia 670:680 focal endothelial hyperplasia 652:680 focal endothelial hyperplasia 652:680 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 5 74 located observed 716:723 arg1 animals 745:751 high-cholesterol animals 728:751 high-cholesterol animals 728:751 However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo-intima rearrangement were observed in high-cholesterol animals. 24602133 12 75 theme decorin 1713:1719 arg1 strategy 1767:1774 an effective strategy 1754:1774 an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place 1754:1927 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 24602133 12 75 theme decorin 1713:1719 arg1 attenuation 1698:1708 attenuation 1698:1708 attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression 1698:1743 Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. 29352870 5 0 theme kinetic 1054:1060 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 0 theme kinetic 1054:1060 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 3 1 dep ad-axial 681:688 arg1 surfaces 714:721 surfaces 714:721 surfaces 714:721 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 1 2 theme corn 232:235 arg1 husk 237:240 the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 202:240 the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 202:240 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 2 3 theme grafting 429:436 arg1 yield 438:442 The most suitable grafting yield 411:442 The most suitable grafting yield 411:442 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 1 4 dep promising 253:261 arg1 adsorbent 294:302 adsorbent 294:302 adsorbent 294:302 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 0 5 from husk 49:52 arg1 voyage 22:27 A voyage 20:27 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 0:92 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 29352870 5 6 theme solvent 1132:1138 arg1 compositions 1140:1151 different solvent compositions 1122:1151 different solvent compositions 1122:1151 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 3 7 theme cellulose 611:619 arg1 bonding 581:587 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding 555:587 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk 555:631 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 4 8 theme thermal 809:815 arg1 stability 817:825 superior thermal stability 800:825 superior thermal stability 800:825 The chemically and structurally modified AAc-g-husk shows superior thermal stability. 29352870 3 9 theme corn 730:733 arg1 husks 735:739 the corn husks 726:739 the corn husks 726:739 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 2 10 theme absorbed 467:474 arg1 rate 487:490 dose rate 482:490 dose rate 482:490 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 10 theme absorbed 467:474 arg1 dose 476:479 absorbed dose 467:479 absorbed dose 467:479 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 1 11 theme specific 324:331 arg1 capacity 344:351 specific adsorption capacity 324:351 specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) 324:389 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 4 12 theme superior 800:807 arg1 stability 817:825 superior thermal stability 800:825 superior thermal stability 800:825 The chemically and structurally modified AAc-g-husk shows superior thermal stability. 29352870 5 13 from temperature 1077:1087 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 13 from temperature 1077:1087 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 3 14 theme husks 735:739 arg1 ad-axial 681:688 ad-axial 681:688 ad-axial 681:688 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 3 15 from bonding 581:587 arg1 husk 628:631 the husk 624:631 the husk 624:631 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 1 16 dep adsorbent 294:302 arg1 AAc-g-husk 305:314 AAc-g-husk 305:314 AAc-g-husk 305:314 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 3 17 from grafting 662:669 arg1 micro-fibrils 700:712 micro-fibrils 700:712 micro-fibrils 700:712 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 3 17 from grafting 662:669 arg1 ribs 691:694 ribs 691:694 ribs 691:694 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 3 17 from grafting 662:669 arg1 ad-axial 681:688 ad-axial 681:688 ad-axial 681:688 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 5 18 dep two-parameters 908:921 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 18 dep two-parameters 908:921 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 18 dep two-parameters 908:921 arg1 isotherm 934:941 adsorption isotherm 923:941 adsorption isotherm 923:941 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 18 dep two-parameters 908:921 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 19 theme different 1122:1130 arg1 compositions 1140:1151 different solvent compositions 1122:1151 different solvent compositions 1122:1151 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 1 20 theme graft 167:171 arg1 PAA 192:194 PAA 192:194 PAA 192:194 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 1 20 theme graft 167:171 arg1 acid 186:189 graft poly-acrylic acid 167:189 graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 167:240 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 4 21 theme modified 774:781 arg1 AAc-g-husk 783:792 The chemically and structurally modified AAc-g-husk 742:792 The chemically and structurally modified AAc-g-husk 742:792 The chemically and structurally modified AAc-g-husk shows superior thermal stability. 29352870 1 22 theme adsorption 333:342 arg1 capacity 344:351 specific adsorption capacity 324:351 specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) 324:389 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 1 23 theme poly-acrylic 173:184 arg1 PAA 192:194 PAA 192:194 PAA 192:194 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 1 23 theme poly-acrylic 173:184 arg1 acid 186:189 graft poly-acrylic acid 167:189 graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 167:240 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 0 24 theme Radiation 0:8 arg1 grafting 10:17 Radiation grafting 0:17 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 0:92 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 29352870 3 25 theme PAA 674:676 arg1 grafting 662:669 grafting 662:669 grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks 662:739 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 2 26 theme inorganic 539:547 arg1 acid 549:552 inorganic acid 539:552 inorganic acid 539:552 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 26 theme inorganic 539:547 arg1 concentrations 496:509 concentrations 496:509 concentrations of monomer 496:520 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 5 27 from studies 1111:1117 arg1 compositions 1140:1151 different solvent compositions 1122:1151 different solvent compositions 1122:1151 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 28 theme desorption 1100:1109 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 28 theme desorption 1100:1109 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 29 theme adsorption 852:861 arg1 mechanism 832:840 The mechanism 828:840 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk 828:875 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 1 30 theme 1682.7mgg-1 356:366 arg1 capacity 344:351 specific adsorption capacity 324:351 specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) 324:389 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 3 31 theme inter-planar 559:570 arg1 bonding 581:587 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding 555:587 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk 555:631 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 2 32 theme suitable 420:427 arg1 yield 438:442 The most suitable grafting yield 411:442 The most suitable grafting yield 411:442 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 5 33 theme MB 845:846 arg1 adsorption 852:861 MB dye adsorption 845:861 MB dye adsorption 845:861 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 2 34 theme dose 482:485 arg1 rate 487:490 dose rate 482:490 dose rate 482:490 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 34 theme dose 482:485 arg1 dose 476:479 absorbed dose 467:479 absorbed dose 467:479 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 5 35 theme three-parameters 951:966 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 35 theme three-parameters 951:966 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 35 theme three-parameters 951:966 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 36 theme room 1072:1075 arg1 temperature 1077:1087 room temperature 1072:1087 room temperature 1072:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 37 dep temperatures 1014:1025 arg1 320K 1041:1044 320K 1041:1044 320K 1041:1044 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 37 dep temperatures 1014:1025 arg1 310 1033:1035 310 1033:1035 310 1033:1035 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 1 38 theme methylene 371:379 arg1 1682.7mgg-1 356:366 1682.7mgg-1 356:366 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) 356:389 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 5 39 theme adsorption 968:977 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 39 theme adsorption 968:977 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 39 theme adsorption 968:977 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 0 40 theme corn 44:47 arg1 husk 49:52 bio-waste corn husk 34:52 bio-waste corn husk 34:52 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 29352870 1 41 theme blue 381:384 arg1 methylene 371:379 methylene blue 371:384 methylene blue (MB) 371:389 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 1 41 theme blue 381:384 arg1 MB 387:388 MB 387:388 MB 387:388 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 5 42 theme isotherm 979:986 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 42 theme isotherm 979:986 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 42 theme isotherm 979:986 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 0 43 theme bio-waste 34:42 arg1 husk 49:52 bio-waste corn husk 34:52 bio-waste corn husk 34:52 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 29352870 2 44 theme monomer 514:520 arg1 salt 530:533 Mohr's salt 523:533 Mohr's salt 523:533 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 44 theme monomer 514:520 arg1 acid 549:552 inorganic acid 539:552 inorganic acid 539:552 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 44 theme monomer 514:520 arg1 rate 487:490 dose rate 482:490 dose rate 482:490 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 44 theme monomer 514:520 arg1 concentrations 496:509 concentrations 496:509 concentrations of monomer 496:520 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 2 44 theme monomer 514:520 arg1 dose 476:479 absorbed dose 467:479 absorbed dose 467:479 The most suitable grafting yield is found by optimizing absorbed dose, dose rate and concentrations of monomer, Mohr's salt and inorganic acid. 29352870 3 45 theme hydrogen 572:579 arg1 bonding 581:587 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding 555:587 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk 555:631 The inter-planar hydrogen bonding among (002) planes of cellulose in the husk decreases after diversifying grafting of PAA on ad-axial, ribs and micro-fibrils surfaces of the corn husks. 29352870 1 46 theme free 108:111 arg1 radiation 142:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation 94:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation 94:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 5 47 theme FT-IR 1090:1094 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 47 theme FT-IR 1090:1094 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 48 theme adsorption 923:932 arg1 isotherm 934:941 adsorption isotherm 923:941 adsorption isotherm 923:941 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 49 theme dye 848:850 arg1 adsorption 852:861 MB dye adsorption 845:861 MB dye adsorption 845:861 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 50 theme different 1004:1012 arg1 temperatures 1014:1025 three different temperatures 998:1025 three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 998:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 1 51 theme benign 129:134 arg1 radiation 142:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation 94:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation 94:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 0 52 dep grafting 10:17 arg1 voyage 22:27 A voyage 20:27 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 0:92 Radiation grafting: A voyage from bio-waste corn husk to an efficient thermostable adsorbent. 29352870 1 53 theme gamma 136:140 arg1 radiation 142:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation 94:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation 94:150 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 1 54 theme produced 213:220 arg1 husk 237:240 the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 202:240 the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 202:240 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 29352870 5 55 from temperatures 1014:1025 arg1 studies 1111:1117 FT-IR and desorption studies 1090:1117 studies 1111:1117 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 55 from temperatures 1014:1025 arg1 models 1062:1067 seven kinetic models 1048:1067 seven kinetic models at room temperature 1048:1087 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 55 from temperatures 1014:1025 arg1 isotherm 934:941 adsorption isotherm 923:941 adsorption isotherm 923:941 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 5 55 from temperatures 1014:1025 arg1 models 988:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models 947:993 ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K) 947:1045 The mechanism of MB dye adsorption by AAc-g-husk has been discussed through six two-parameters adsorption isotherm and ten three-parameters adsorption isotherm models at three different temperatures (300, 310 and 320K), seven kinetic models at room temperature, FT-IR and desorption studies in different solvent compositions. 29352870 1 56 theme bio-waste 222:230 arg1 husk 237:240 the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 202:240 the widely produced bio-waste corn husk 202:240 The initiator free environmentally benign gamma radiation is employed to graft poly-acrylic acid (PAA) onto the widely produced bio-waste corn husk to develop promising, cheap, efficient and reusable adsorbent (AAc-g-husk) having specific adsorption capacity of 1682.7mgg-1 of methylene blue (MB) at pH 9.0 and 320K. 28417207 4 0 dep in 546:547 arg1 vitro 549:553 vitro 549:553 vitro 549:553 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 1 1 theme postprandial 132:143 arg1 responses 165:173 postprandial insulin and glucose responses 132:173 postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes 132:231 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 28417207 9 2 theme several 1391:1397 arg1 factors 1399:1405 several factors 1391:1405 several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties 1391:1481 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 0 3 theme in 62:63 arg1 digestion 71:79 their in vitro digestion 56:79 their in vitro digestion 56:79 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 1 4 theme insulin 145:151 arg1 responses 165:173 postprandial insulin and glucose responses 132:173 postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes 132:231 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 28417207 8 5 theme starch 1235:1240 arg1 hydrolysis 1242:1251 starch hydrolysis 1235:1251 starch hydrolysis 1235:1251 Sourdough fermentation increased amylose leakage and appeared to inhibit starch hydrolysis despite low digesta viscosity and rapid disintegration. 28417207 0 6 from Impact 0:5 arg1 digestion 71:79 their in vitro digestion 56:79 their in vitro digestion 56:79 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 0 6 from Impact 0:5 arg1 properties 41:50 rye product properties 29:50 rye product properties 29:50 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 3 7 dep products 387:394 arg1 crispbread 450:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 7 dep products 387:394 arg1 rye 479:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 7 dep products 387:394 arg1 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 7 dep products 387:394 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 7 dep products 387:394 arg1 bread 417:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 2 8 theme related 289:295 arg1 responses 279:287 responses 279:287 responses related to processing techniques 279:320 However, mechanisms underlying variations in responses related to processing techniques are not fully understood. 28417207 4 9 from digestion 592:600 arg1 stomach 609:615 stomach 609:615 stomach 609:615 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 9 from digestion 592:600 arg1 intestine 627:635 small intestine 621:635 small intestine 621:635 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 6 10 theme particle 937:944 arg1 size 946:949 digesta particle size 929:949 digesta particle size 929:949 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 4 11 used used 700:703 arg2 method 574:579 a dynamic method 564:579 a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine 564:635 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 11 used used 700:703 arg2 methods 555:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 11 used used 700:703 arg2 method 650:655 a static method 641:655 a static method 641:655 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 3 12 theme wheat 510:514 arg1 bread 516:520 refined wheat bread 502:520 refined wheat bread 502:520 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 4 13 from conditions 669:678 arg1 stomach 687:693 the stomach 683:693 the stomach 683:693 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 6 14 theme digesta 929:935 arg1 size 946:949 digesta particle size 929:949 digesta particle size 929:949 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 9 15 dep CONCLUSIONS 1309:1319 arg1 determined 1377:1386 determined 1377:1386 is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties 1374:1481 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 4 16 theme glucose 775:781 arg1 release 764:770 release 764:770 release of glucose during digestion 764:798 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 16 theme glucose 775:781 arg1 development 728:738 viscosity development 718:738 viscosity development 718:738 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 16 theme glucose 775:781 arg1 changes 752:758 structural changes 741:758 structural changes 741:758 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 5 17 theme product 883:889 arg1 digestion 891:899 processing influenced product digestion 861:899 processing influenced product digestion 861:899 RESULTS Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion. 28417207 1 18 theme glucose 157:163 arg1 responses 165:173 postprandial insulin and glucose responses 132:173 postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes 132:231 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 28417207 5 19 theme Structural 809:818 arg1 differences 838:848 Structural and compositional differences 809:848 Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion 809:899 RESULTS Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion. 28417207 7 20 theme slower 1138:1143 arg1 release 1153:1159 slower glucose release 1138:1159 slower glucose release 1138:1159 More cohesive boluses were associated with slower glucose release. 28417207 7 21 theme cohesive 1100:1107 arg1 boluses 1109:1115 More cohesive boluses 1095:1115 More cohesive boluses 1095:1115 More cohesive boluses were associated with slower glucose release. 28417207 8 22 theme low 1261:1263 arg1 viscosity 1273:1281 low digesta viscosity 1261:1281 low digesta viscosity 1261:1281 Sourdough fermentation increased amylose leakage and appeared to inhibit starch hydrolysis despite low digesta viscosity and rapid disintegration. 28417207 6 23 theme digesta 1019:1025 arg1 viscosity 1027:1035 digesta viscosity 1019:1035 digesta viscosity 1019:1035 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 0 24 theme processing 15:24 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 0:80 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 2 25 theme processing 300:309 arg1 techniques 311:320 processing techniques 300:320 processing techniques 300:320 However, mechanisms underlying variations in responses related to processing techniques are not fully understood. 28417207 3 26 theme unfermented 438:448 arg1 crispbread 450:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 26 theme unfermented 438:448 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 27 theme processed 373:381 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 27 theme processed 373:381 arg1 rye 479:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 27 theme processed 373:381 arg1 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 27 theme processed 373:381 arg1 crispbread 450:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 27 theme processed 373:381 arg1 bread 417:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 1 28 theme PURPOSE 82:88 arg1 products 94:101 PURPOSE Rye products 82:101 PURPOSE Rye products 82:101 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 28417207 9 29 theme specific 1463:1470 arg1 properties 1472:1481 product specific properties 1455:1481 product specific properties 1455:1481 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 9 30 theme net 1325:1327 arg1 release 1329:1335 The net release 1321:1335 The net release of glucose during digestion of foods 1321:1372 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 3 31 theme rye 383:385 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 31 theme rye 383:385 arg1 rye 479:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 31 theme rye 383:385 arg1 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 31 theme rye 383:385 arg1 crispbread 450:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 31 theme rye 383:385 arg1 bread 417:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 4 32 theme dynamic 566:572 arg1 method 574:579 a dynamic method 564:579 a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine 564:635 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 32 theme dynamic 566:572 arg1 methods 555:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 6 33 theme fibre 1056:1060 arg1 degradation 1062:1072 fibre degradation 1056:1072 fibre degradation 1056:1072 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 6 34 theme Gastric 902:908 arg1 disintegration 910:923 Gastric disintegration 902:923 Gastric disintegration 902:923 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 1 35 theme Rye 90:92 arg1 products 94:101 PURPOSE Rye products 82:101 PURPOSE Rye products 82:101 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 28417207 0 36 theme rye 29:31 arg1 properties 41:50 rye product properties 29:50 rye product properties 29:50 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 6 37 theme matrix 1005:1010 arg1 characteristics 967:981 characteristics 967:981 characteristics of the starch/protein matrix 967:1010 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 4 38 theme static 643:648 arg1 methods 555:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 38 theme static 643:648 arg1 method 650:655 a static method 641:655 a static method 641:655 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 3 39 theme extrusion-cooked 462:477 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 39 theme extrusion-cooked 462:477 arg1 rye 479:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 40 theme fermented 424:432 arg1 crispbread 450:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 40 theme fermented 424:432 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 6 41 theme starch/protein 990:1003 arg1 matrix 1005:1010 the starch/protein matrix 986:1010 the starch/protein matrix 986:1010 Gastric disintegration and digesta particle size were related to characteristics of the starch/protein matrix, while digesta viscosity was reduced due to fibre degradation during fermentation. 28417207 8 42 theme rapid 1287:1291 arg1 disintegration 1293:1306 rapid disintegration 1287:1306 rapid disintegration 1287:1306 Sourdough fermentation increased amylose leakage and appeared to inhibit starch hydrolysis despite low digesta viscosity and rapid disintegration. 28417207 0 43 dep in 62:63 arg1 vitro 65:69 vitro 65:69 vitro 65:69 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 5 44 theme compositional 824:836 arg1 differences 838:848 Structural and compositional differences 809:848 Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion 809:899 RESULTS Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion. 28417207 3 45 theme sourdough-fermented 397:415 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 45 theme sourdough-fermented 397:415 arg1 bread 417:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 7 46 theme More 1095:1098 arg1 boluses 1109:1115 More cohesive boluses 1095:1115 More cohesive boluses 1095:1115 More cohesive boluses were associated with slower glucose release. 28417207 8 47 theme Sourdough 1162:1170 arg1 fermentation 1172:1183 Sourdough fermentation 1162:1183 Sourdough fermentation 1162:1183 Sourdough fermentation increased amylose leakage and appeared to inhibit starch hydrolysis despite low digesta viscosity and rapid disintegration. 28417207 0 48 theme product 33:39 arg1 properties 41:50 rye product properties 29:50 rye product properties 29:50 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 9 49 theme product 1455:1461 arg1 properties 1472:1481 product specific properties 1455:1481 product specific properties 1455:1481 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 3 50 dep METHODS 348:354 arg1 products 387:394 Five differently processed rye products 356:394 Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) 356:496 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 50 dep METHODS 348:354 arg1 rye 479:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 extrusion-cooked rye 462:481 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 50 dep METHODS 348:354 arg1 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 porridge 488:495 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 50 dep METHODS 348:354 arg1 crispbread 450:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 fermented and unfermented crispbread 424:459 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 3 50 dep METHODS 348:354 arg1 bread 417:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 sourdough-fermented bread 397:421 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 9 51 theme glucose 1340:1346 arg1 release 1329:1335 The net release 1321:1335 The net release of glucose during digestion of foods 1321:1372 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 3 52 theme refined 502:508 arg1 bread 516:520 refined wheat bread 502:520 refined wheat bread 502:520 METHODS Five differently processed rye products (sourdough-fermented bread, fermented and unfermented crispbread, extrusion-cooked rye, and porridge) and refined wheat bread were characterised. 28417207 2 53 from variations 265:274 arg1 responses 279:287 responses 279:287 responses related to processing techniques 279:320 However, mechanisms underlying variations in responses related to processing techniques are not fully understood. 28417207 4 54 theme in 546:547 arg1 method 574:579 a dynamic method 564:579 a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine 564:635 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 54 theme in 546:547 arg1 method 650:655 a static method 641:655 a static method 641:655 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 54 theme in 546:547 arg1 methods 555:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods 542:561 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 8 55 theme amylose 1195:1201 arg1 leakage 1203:1209 amylose leakage 1195:1209 amylose leakage 1195:1209 Sourdough fermentation increased amylose leakage and appeared to inhibit starch hydrolysis despite low digesta viscosity and rapid disintegration. 28417207 4 56 theme viscosity 718:726 arg1 development 728:738 viscosity development 718:738 viscosity development 718:738 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 4 57 dep stomach 609:615 arg1 the 605:607 the 605:607 the 605:607 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 5 58 dep influenced 872:881 arg1 processing 861:870 processing 861:870 processing 861:870 RESULTS Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion. 28417207 4 59 theme structural 741:750 arg1 changes 752:758 structural changes 741:758 structural changes 741:758 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 7 60 theme glucose 1145:1151 arg1 release 1153:1159 slower glucose release 1138:1159 slower glucose release 1138:1159 More cohesive boluses were associated with slower glucose release. 28417207 5 61 theme influenced 872:881 arg1 digestion 891:899 processing influenced product digestion 861:899 processing influenced product digestion 861:899 RESULTS Structural and compositional differences induced by processing influenced product digestion. 28417207 4 62 theme small 621:625 arg1 intestine 627:635 small intestine 621:635 small intestine 621:635 Two in vitro methods, a dynamic method simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine and a static method, simulating conditions in the stomach were used to determine viscosity development, structural changes and release of glucose during digestion. 28417207 1 63 theme type-2 217:222 arg1 diabetes 224:231 type-2 diabetes 217:231 type-2 diabetes 217:231 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 28417207 9 64 theme foods 1368:1372 arg1 digestion 1355:1363 digestion 1355:1363 digestion of foods 1355:1372 CONCLUSIONS The net release of glucose during digestion of foods is determined by several factors which may vary in their importance depending on product specific properties. 28417207 0 65 theme food 10:13 arg1 processing 15:24 food processing 10:24 food processing 10:24 Impact of food processing on rye product properties and their in vitro digestion. 28417207 8 66 theme digesta 1265:1271 arg1 viscosity 1273:1281 low digesta viscosity 1261:1281 low digesta viscosity 1261:1281 Sourdough fermentation increased amylose leakage and appeared to inhibit starch hydrolysis despite low digesta viscosity and rapid disintegration. 28417207 1 67 theme diabetes 224:231 arg1 prevention 203:212 prevention 203:212 prevention of type-2 diabetes 203:231 PURPOSE Rye products have been reported to elicit postprandial insulin and glucose responses which may be beneficial for prevention of type-2 diabetes. 27604099 4 0 dep attachment 590:599 arg1 the 581:583 the 581:583 the 581:583 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 0 1 theme engineering 114:124 arg1 applications 126:137 tissue engineering applications 107:137 tissue engineering applications 107:137 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 4 2 theme DMEM 626:629 arg1 solution 631:638 DMEM solution 626:638 DMEM solution 626:638 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 1 3 theme freeze-drying 330:342 arg1 technique 344:352 the freeze-drying technique 326:352 the freeze-drying technique 326:352 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 2 4 theme prepared 359:366 arg1 nHAp 368:371 The prepared nHAp 355:371 The prepared nHAp 355:371 The prepared nHAp, and composite scaffolds were characterized by BET, TG, FT-IR, SEM, and XRD studies. 27604099 4 5 theme composite 711:719 arg1 scaffolds 721:729 the composite scaffolds 707:729 the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion 707:757 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 5 6 theme engineering 854:864 arg1 application 866:876 bone tissue engineering application 842:876 bone tissue engineering application 842:876 All these results mainly illustrated that this composite could be a candidate for bone tissue engineering application. 27604099 4 7 theme mouse 645:649 arg1 cell 665:668 mouse preosteoblast cell 645:668 mouse preosteoblast cell 645:668 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 3 8 theme 50-75 486:490 arg1 % 491:491 % 491:491 % 491:491 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 3 9 theme composite 462:470 arg1 scaffolds 472:480 The composite scaffolds 458:480 The composite scaffolds 458:480 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 1 10 theme β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite 140:179 arg1 scaffolds 205:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds 140:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds 140:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 1 11 theme nDP 264:266 arg1 combination 241:251 the combination 237:251 the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp 237:276 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 4 12 theme viability 605:613 arg1 investigation 564:576 investigation 564:576 investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell 564:668 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 4 13 with scaffolds 721:729 arg1 adhesion 750:757 improved cell adhesion 736:757 improved cell adhesion 736:757 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 4 14 theme cytocompatibile 681:695 arg1 nature 697:702 the cytocompatibile nature 677:702 the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion 677:757 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 2 15 theme composite 378:386 arg1 scaffolds 388:396 composite scaffolds 378:396 composite scaffolds 378:396 The prepared nHAp, and composite scaffolds were characterized by BET, TG, FT-IR, SEM, and XRD studies. 27604099 4 16 theme preosteoblast 651:663 arg1 cell 665:668 mouse preosteoblast cell 645:668 mouse preosteoblast cell 645:668 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 1 17 theme CT/nDP/nHAp 182:192 arg1 scaffolds 205:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds 140:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds 140:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 3 18 theme well-defined 509:520 arg1 networks 544:551 well-defined interconnected porous networks 509:551 well-defined interconnected porous networks 509:551 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 0 19 theme β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite 42:81 arg1 scaffolds 93:101 novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 36:101 novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 36:101 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 3 20 theme % 491:491 arg1 porosities 493:502 50-75% porosities 486:502 50-75% porosities 486:502 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 4 21 theme scaffolds 721:729 arg1 nature 697:702 the cytocompatibile nature 677:702 the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion 677:757 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 1 22 theme nHAp 273:276 arg1 combination 241:251 the combination 237:251 the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp 237:276 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 0 23 theme novel 36:40 arg1 scaffolds 93:101 novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 36:101 novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 36:101 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 4 24 theme cell 585:588 arg1 attachment 590:599 cell attachment 585:599 cell attachment 585:599 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 5 25 theme bone 842:845 arg1 application 866:876 bone tissue engineering application 842:876 bone tissue engineering application 842:876 All these results mainly illustrated that this composite could be a candidate for bone tissue engineering application. 27604099 2 26 theme XRD 445:447 arg1 studies 449:455 XRD studies 445:455 XRD studies 445:455 The prepared nHAp, and composite scaffolds were characterized by BET, TG, FT-IR, SEM, and XRD studies. 27604099 0 27 theme scaffolds 93:101 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 0 27 theme scaffolds 93:101 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 0 28 theme composite 83:91 arg1 scaffolds 93:101 novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 36:101 novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 36:101 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 1 29 theme composite 195:203 arg1 scaffolds 205:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds 140:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds 140:213 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 4 30 theme attachment 590:599 arg1 investigation 564:576 investigation 564:576 investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell 564:668 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 1 31 theme different 281:289 arg1 ratios 316:321 different inorganic/organic weight ratios 281:321 different inorganic/organic weight ratios 281:321 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 3 32 theme porous 537:542 arg1 networks 544:551 well-defined interconnected porous networks 509:551 well-defined interconnected porous networks 509:551 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 1 33 theme inorganic/organic 291:307 arg1 ratios 316:321 different inorganic/organic weight ratios 281:321 different inorganic/organic weight ratios 281:321 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 0 34 theme tissue 107:112 arg1 applications 126:137 tissue engineering applications 107:137 tissue engineering applications 107:137 Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 27604099 3 35 contain had 482:484 arg2 porosities 493:502 50-75% porosities 486:502 50-75% porosities 486:502 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 3 35 contain had 482:484 arg1 scaffolds 472:480 The composite scaffolds 458:480 The composite scaffolds 458:480 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 4 36 theme cell 745:748 arg1 adhesion 750:757 improved cell adhesion 736:757 improved cell adhesion 736:757 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 27604099 1 37 theme chitin 256:261 arg1 combination 241:251 the combination 237:251 the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp 237:276 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 1 38 theme weight 309:314 arg1 ratios 316:321 different inorganic/organic weight ratios 281:321 different inorganic/organic weight ratios 281:321 β-chitin/nanodiopside/nanohydroxyapatite (CT/nDP/nHAp) composite scaffolds were synthesized from the combination of chitin, nDP, and nHAp in different inorganic/organic weight ratios by the freeze-drying technique. 27604099 5 39 theme tissue 847:852 arg1 application 866:876 bone tissue engineering application 842:876 bone tissue engineering application 842:876 All these results mainly illustrated that this composite could be a candidate for bone tissue engineering application. 27604099 3 40 dep well-defined 509:520 arg1 interconnected 522:535 interconnected 522:535 interconnected 522:535 The composite scaffolds had 50-75% porosities with well-defined interconnected porous networks. 27604099 4 41 theme improved 736:743 arg1 adhesion 750:757 improved cell adhesion 736:757 improved cell adhesion 736:757 Moreover, investigation of the cell attachment and viability using MTT, DMEM solution, and mouse preosteoblast cell proved the cytocompatibile nature of the composite scaffolds with improved cell adhesion. 29038987 7 0 theme optimized 1048:1056 arg1 composition 1058:1068 The optimized composition 1044:1068 The optimized composition of SGS 1044:1075 The optimized composition of SGS corresponded to TS (90%), GEL (7.5%), and CSD (2.5%). 29038987 5 1 theme compaction 747:756 arg1 studies 758:764 Flow and compaction studies 738:764 Flow and compaction studies of SGS 738:771 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 11 2 theme DoE 1493:1495 arg1 successful 1501:1510 successful 1501:1510 successful 1501:1510 The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting. 29038987 11 2 theme DoE 1493:1495 arg1 application 1478:1488 The application 1474:1488 The application of DoE 1474:1495 The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting. 29038987 6 3 theme multifunctional 1016:1030 arg1 Prosolv® 990:997 Prosolv® 990:997 Prosolv® 990:997 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 3 theme multifunctional 1016:1030 arg1 StarLac® 1004:1011 StarLac® 1004:1011 StarLac® 1004:1011 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 3 theme multifunctional 1016:1030 arg1 excipients 1032:1041 multifunctional excipients 1016:1041 multifunctional excipients 1016:1041 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 3 theme multifunctional 1016:1030 arg1 SGS 985:987 SGS 985:987 SGS 985:987 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 3 4 dep desirability 549:560 arg1 function 562:569 function 562:569 function 562:569 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 10 5 theme tensile 1432:1438 arg1 strength 1440:1447 tensile strength 1432:1447 tensile strength 1432:1447 SGS performed better than Prosolv® in terms of disintegration and was superior to StarLac with respect to tensile strength and disintegration time. 29038987 2 6 theme tapioca 300:306 arg1 TS 316:317 TS 316:317 TS 316:317 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 2 6 theme tapioca 300:306 arg1 starch 308:313 tapioca starch 300:313 tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) 300:413 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 0 7 theme Mixture 99:105 arg1 Design 107:112 Mixture Design 99:112 Mixture Design 99:112 Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. 29038987 3 8 theme co-processed 516:527 arg1 excipient 529:537 the co-processed excipient 512:537 the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation 512:649 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 8 9 theme SGS 1152:1154 arg1 functionality 1135:1147 The functionality 1131:1147 The functionality of SGS 1131:1154 The functionality of SGS was improved relative to SGS-PM in terms of flow and compression. 29038987 8 10 theme flow 1200:1203 arg1 terms 1191:1195 terms 1191:1195 terms of flow and compression 1191:1219 The functionality of SGS was improved relative to SGS-PM in terms of flow and compression. 29038987 2 11 theme colloidal 383:391 arg1 dioxide 401:407 colloidal silicon dioxide 383:407 colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) 383:413 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 2 11 theme colloidal 383:391 arg1 CSD 410:412 CSD 410:412 CSD 410:412 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 7 12 theme SGS 1073:1075 arg1 composition 1058:1068 The optimized composition 1044:1068 The optimized composition of SGS 1044:1075 The optimized composition of SGS corresponded to TS (90%), GEL (7.5%), and CSD (2.5%). 29038987 1 13 with excipients 140:149 arg1 functionality 165:177 enhanced functionality 156:177 enhanced functionality 156:177 The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality has been explored using particle engineering by co-processing. 29038987 10 14 theme disintegration 1453:1466 arg1 time 1468:1471 disintegration time 1453:1471 disintegration time 1453:1471 SGS performed better than Prosolv® in terms of disintegration and was superior to StarLac with respect to tensile strength and disintegration time. 29038987 8 15 theme compression 1209:1219 arg1 terms 1191:1195 terms 1191:1195 terms of flow and compression 1191:1219 The functionality of SGS was improved relative to SGS-PM in terms of flow and compression. 29038987 4 16 theme co-processed 656:667 arg1 SGS 680:682 SGS 680:682 SGS 680:682 The co-processed excipient (SGS) was thereafter developed by the method of co-fusion. 29038987 4 16 theme co-processed 656:667 arg1 excipient 669:677 The co-processed excipient 652:677 The co-processed excipient (SGS) 652:683 The co-processed excipient (SGS) was thereafter developed by the method of co-fusion. 29038987 2 17 theme optimized 418:426 arg1 proportions 428:438 optimized proportions 418:438 optimized proportions 418:438 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 1 18 theme particle 203:210 arg1 engineering 212:222 particle engineering 203:222 particle engineering by co-processing 203:239 The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality has been explored using particle engineering by co-processing. 29038987 3 19 theme excipient 529:537 arg1 composition 497:507 the composition 493:507 the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation 493:649 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 2 20 theme starch 308:313 arg1 functionality 283:295 the functionality 279:295 the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions 279:438 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 3 21 theme Experiment 451:460 arg1 Design 441:446 Design 441:446 Design of Experiment (DoE) 441:466 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 0 22 theme Starch-Based 34:45 arg1 Excipient 60:68 a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient 32:68 a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design 32:112 Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. 29038987 3 23 theme optimized 629:637 arg1 formulation 639:649 the optimized formulation 625:649 the optimized formulation 625:649 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 3 24 theme other 575:579 arg1 desirability 549:560 the desirability function and other supporting studies 545:598 desirability 549:560 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 3 24 theme other 575:579 arg1 studies 592:598 other supporting studies 575:598 other supporting studies 575:598 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 3 24 theme other 575:579 arg1 basis 605:609 a basis 603:609 a basis for selecting the optimized formulation 603:649 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 9 25 theme acceptable 1306:1315 arg1 tablets 1317:1323 acceptable tablets 1306:1323 acceptable tablets 1306:1323 Tablets produced with SGS were satisfactory and conformed to USP specifications for acceptable tablets. 29038987 5 26 theme parent 811:816 arg1 TS 829:830 TS 829:830 TS 829:830 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 5 26 theme parent 811:816 arg1 component 818:826 its parent component 807:826 its parent component (TS) 807:831 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 9 27 theme USP 1283:1285 arg1 specifications 1287:1300 USP specifications 1283:1300 USP specifications 1283:1300 Tablets produced with SGS were satisfactory and conformed to USP specifications for acceptable tablets. 29038987 11 28 theme starch-based 1543:1554 arg1 excipient 1569:1577 a starch-based co-processed excipient 1541:1577 a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting 1541:1633 The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting. 29038987 3 29 theme supporting 581:590 arg1 desirability 549:560 the desirability function and other supporting studies 545:598 desirability 549:560 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 3 29 theme supporting 581:590 arg1 studies 592:598 other supporting studies 575:598 other supporting studies 575:598 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 3 29 theme supporting 581:590 arg1 basis 605:609 a basis 603:609 a basis for selecting the optimized formulation 603:649 Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. 29038987 2 30 theme silicon 393:399 arg1 dioxide 401:407 colloidal silicon dioxide 383:407 colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) 383:413 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 2 30 theme silicon 393:399 arg1 CSD 410:412 CSD 410:412 CSD 410:412 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 0 31 theme Excipient 60:68 arg1 Optimization 16:27 Optimization 16:27 Optimization 16:27 Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. 29038987 0 31 theme Excipient 60:68 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. 29038987 6 32 theme direct 889:894 arg1 DC 909:910 DC 909:910 DC 909:910 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 32 theme direct 889:894 arg1 compression 896:906 direct compression 889:906 direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients 889:1041 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 2 33 with compression 331:341 arg1 dioxide 401:407 colloidal silicon dioxide 383:407 colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) 383:413 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 2 33 with compression 331:341 arg1 GEL 374:376 GEL 374:376 GEL 374:376 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 2 33 with compression 331:341 arg1 gelatin 365:371 gelatin 365:371 gelatin (GEL) 365:377 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 2 33 with compression 331:341 arg1 CSD 410:412 CSD 410:412 CSD 410:412 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 0 34 theme Co-processed 47:58 arg1 Excipient 60:68 a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient 32:68 a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design 32:112 Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. 29038987 10 35 theme disintegration 1373:1386 arg1 terms 1364:1368 terms 1364:1368 terms of disintegration 1364:1386 SGS performed better than Prosolv® in terms of disintegration and was superior to StarLac with respect to tensile strength and disintegration time. 29038987 6 36 contain containing 913:922 arg2 200 mg 935:940 200 mg 935:940 200 mg 935:940 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 36 contain containing 913:922 arg2 ibuprofen 924:932 ibuprofen 924:932 ibuprofen (200 mg) 924:941 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 36 contain containing 913:922 arg1 compression 896:906 direct compression 889:906 direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients 889:1041 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 36 contain containing 913:922 arg2 model 948:952 a model 946:952 a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients 946:1041 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 6 36 contain containing 913:922 arg1 DC 909:910 DC 909:910 DC 909:910 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 2 37 from functionality 283:295 arg1 proportions 428:438 optimized proportions 418:438 optimized proportions 418:438 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 5 38 theme SGS 769:771 arg1 studies 758:764 Flow and compaction studies 738:764 Flow and compaction studies of SGS 738:771 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 1 39 theme novel 134:138 arg1 excipients 140:149 novel excipients 134:149 novel excipients with enhanced functionality 134:177 The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality has been explored using particle engineering by co-processing. 29038987 4 40 theme co-fusion 727:735 arg1 method 717:722 the method 713:722 the method of co-fusion 713:735 The co-processed excipient (SGS) was thereafter developed by the method of co-fusion. 29038987 5 41 dep component 818:826 arg1 comparison 793:802 comparison 793:802 comparison 793:802 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 1 42 theme excipients 140:149 arg1 development 119:129 The development 115:129 The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality 115:177 The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality has been explored using particle engineering by co-processing. 29038987 2 43 theme direct 324:329 arg1 compression 331:341 direct compression 324:341 direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) 324:413 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 0 44 theme Direct 74:79 arg1 Compression 81:91 Direct Compression 74:91 Direct Compression Using Mixture Design 74:112 Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. 29038987 6 45 theme poor 958:961 arg1 compressibility 963:977 poor compressibility 958:977 poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients 958:1041 Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. 29038987 5 46 theme physical 837:844 arg1 SGS-PM 855:860 SGS-PM 855:860 SGS-PM 855:860 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 5 46 theme physical 837:844 arg1 mixture 846:852 physical mixture 837:852 physical mixture (SGS-PM) 837:861 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 11 47 theme direct 1606:1611 arg1 tableting 1625:1633 direct compression tableting 1606:1633 direct compression tableting 1606:1633 The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting. 29038987 5 48 theme Flow 738:741 arg1 studies 758:764 Flow and compaction studies 738:764 Flow and compaction studies of SGS 738:771 Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). 29038987 2 49 theme study 258:262 arg1 aim 246:248 The aim 242:248 The aim of this study 242:262 The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. 29038987 1 50 theme enhanced 156:163 arg1 functionality 165:177 enhanced functionality 156:177 enhanced functionality 156:177 The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality has been explored using particle engineering by co-processing. 29038987 11 51 theme co-processed 1556:1567 arg1 excipient 1569:1577 a starch-based co-processed excipient 1541:1577 a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting 1541:1633 The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting. 29038987 11 52 theme compression 1613:1623 arg1 tableting 1625:1633 direct compression tableting 1606:1633 direct compression tableting 1606:1633 The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting. 28709089 0 0 theme screen-printed 81:94 arg1 electrode 103:111 screen-printed carbon electrode 81:111 screen-printed carbon electrode 81:111 An electrochemical sensor for indole in plasma based on MWCNTs-chitosan modified screen-printed carbon electrode. 28709089 0 1 from sensor 19:24 arg1 plasma 40:45 plasma 40:45 plasma based on MWCNTs-chitosan 40:70 An electrochemical sensor for indole in plasma based on MWCNTs-chitosan modified screen-printed carbon electrode. 28709089 8 2 used utilized 1120:1127 arg2 method 1109:1114 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 11 3 theme gestational 1512:1522 arg1 GDM 1543:1545 GDM 1543:1545 GDM 1543:1545 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 11 3 theme gestational 1512:1522 arg1 mellitus 1533:1540 gestational diabetes mellitus 1512:1540 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1512:1555 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 3 4 from indole 267:272 arg1 plasma 277:282 plasma 277:282 plasma 277:282 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 4 5 theme pulse 537:541 arg1 DPV 556:558 DPV 556:558 DPV 556:558 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 4 5 theme pulse 537:541 arg1 voltammetry 543:553 differential pulse voltammetry 524:553 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) 524:559 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 9 6 theme high 1248:1251 arg1 correlation 1253:1263 a high correlation 1246:1263 a high correlation between the two methods 1246:1287 The results showed a high correlation between the two methods. 28709089 6 7 theme indole 832:837 arg1 range 823:827 the linear range 812:827 the linear range of indole 812:837 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 11 8 theme pregnant 1493:1500 arg1 women 1502:1506 healthy pregnant women 1485:1506 healthy pregnant women 1485:1506 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 4 9 theme modified 589:596 arg1 MWCNTs-CS/SPCE 604:617 MWCNTs-CS/SPCE 604:617 MWCNTs-CS/SPCE 604:617 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 4 9 theme modified 589:596 arg1 SPCE 598:601 modified SPCE 589:601 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 3 10 theme MWCNTs-CS 379:387 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 10 theme MWCNTs-CS 379:387 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 4 11 theme differential 524:535 arg1 DPV 556:558 DPV 556:558 DPV 556:558 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 4 11 theme differential 524:535 arg1 voltammetry 543:553 differential pulse voltammetry 524:553 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) 524:559 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 5 12 theme indole 670:675 arg1 responses 657:665 the current responses 645:665 the current responses of indole 645:675 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 11 13 from concentrations 1450:1463 arg1 patients 1548:1555 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1512:1555 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1512:1555 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 11 13 from concentrations 1450:1463 arg1 women 1502:1506 healthy pregnant women 1485:1506 healthy pregnant women 1485:1506 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 0 14 theme carbon 96:101 arg1 electrode 103:111 screen-printed carbon electrode 81:111 screen-printed carbon electrode 81:111 An electrochemical sensor for indole in plasma based on MWCNTs-chitosan modified screen-printed carbon electrode. 28709089 4 15 dep composites 578:587 arg1 MWCNTs-CS/SPCE 604:617 MWCNTs-CS/SPCE 604:617 MWCNTs-CS/SPCE 604:617 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 4 15 dep composites 578:587 arg1 SPCE 598:601 modified SPCE 589:601 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 10 16 theme satisfactory 1404:1415 arg1 selectivity 1417:1427 satisfactory selectivity 1404:1427 satisfactory selectivity 1404:1427 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 11 17 theme diabetes 1524:1531 arg1 GDM 1543:1545 GDM 1543:1545 GDM 1543:1545 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 11 17 theme diabetes 1524:1531 arg1 mellitus 1533:1540 gestational diabetes mellitus 1512:1540 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1512:1555 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 3 18 theme nanotubes-chitosan 359:376 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 18 theme nanotubes-chitosan 359:376 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 4 19 theme cyclic 496:501 arg1 CV 516:517 CV 516:517 CV 516:517 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 4 19 theme cyclic 496:501 arg1 voltammetry 503:513 cyclic voltammetry 496:513 cyclic voltammetry (CV) 496:518 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 6 20 theme linear 816:821 arg1 range 823:827 the linear range 812:827 the linear range of indole 812:837 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 8 21 theme indole 1209:1214 arg1 determination 1192:1204 the determination 1188:1204 the determination of indole in plasma 1188:1224 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 7 22 theme novel 915:919 arg1 sensor 937:942 This novel electrochemical sensor 910:942 This novel electrochemical sensor 910:942 This novel electrochemical sensor exhibited acceptable accuracies and precisions with the variations less than 7.3% and 9.0%, respectively. 28709089 8 23 theme electrochemical 1161:1175 arg1 method 1177:1182 the established electrochemical method 1145:1182 the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma 1145:1224 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 8 24 theme high 1063:1066 arg1 HPLC 1103:1106 HPLC 1103:1106 HPLC 1103:1106 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 8 24 theme high 1063:1066 arg1 chromatography 1087:1100 high performance liquid chromatography 1063:1100 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 8 25 theme established 1149:1159 arg1 method 1177:1182 the established electrochemical method 1145:1182 the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma 1145:1224 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 0 26 theme electrochemical 3:17 arg1 sensor 19:24 An electrochemical sensor 0:24 An electrochemical sensor for indole in plasma based on MWCNTs-chitosan 0:70 An electrochemical sensor for indole in plasma based on MWCNTs-chitosan modified screen-printed carbon electrode. 28709089 8 27 from determination 1192:1204 arg1 plasma 1219:1224 plasma 1219:1224 plasma 1219:1224 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 4 28 from voltammetry 503:513 arg1 composites 578:587 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 1 29 from metabolite 137:146 arg1 tract 162:166 intestinal tract 151:166 intestinal tract 151:166 Indole is an essential metabolite in intestinal tract. 28709089 6 30 theme 0.5μgL-1 890:897 arg1 limit 881:885 the detection limit 867:885 the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3) 867:907 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 6 31 theme = 904:904 arg1 0.5μgL-1 890:897 0.5μgL-1 890:897 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3) 890:907 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 6 31 theme = 904:904 arg1 S/N 900:902 S/N = 3 900:906 S/N = 3 900:906 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 8 32 theme chromatography 1087:1100 arg1 method 1109:1114 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 5 33 theme current 649:655 arg1 responses 657:665 the current responses 645:665 the current responses of indole 645:675 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 10 34 theme plasma 1384:1389 arg1 samples 1391:1397 plasma samples 1384:1397 plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity 1384:1443 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 3 35 theme modified 390:397 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 35 theme modified 390:397 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 5 36 theme high 705:708 arg1 activity 720:727 high catalytic activity 705:727 high catalytic activity 705:727 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 6 37 theme optimized 790:798 arg1 conditions 800:809 the optimized conditions 786:809 the optimized conditions 786:809 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 7 38 theme acceptable 954:963 arg1 accuracies 965:974 acceptable accuracies 954:974 acceptable accuracies 954:974 This novel electrochemical sensor exhibited acceptable accuracies and precisions with the variations less than 7.3% and 9.0%, respectively. 28709089 3 39 theme screen-printed 399:412 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 39 theme screen-printed 399:412 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 5 40 theme catalytic 710:718 arg1 activity 720:727 high catalytic activity 705:727 high catalytic activity 705:727 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 2 41 theme plasma 190:195 arg1 concentration 204:216 plasma indole concentration 190:216 plasma indole concentration 190:216 The dysregulation of plasma indole concentration occurred in various diseases. 28709089 4 42 theme MWCNTs-CS 568:576 arg1 composites 578:587 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 8 43 theme liquid 1080:1085 arg1 HPLC 1103:1106 HPLC 1103:1106 HPLC 1103:1106 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 8 43 theme liquid 1080:1085 arg1 chromatography 1087:1100 high performance liquid chromatography 1063:1100 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 4 44 theme indole 471:476 arg1 behavior 459:466 The electrochemical behavior 439:466 The electrochemical behavior of indole 439:476 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 5 45 theme nano-composites 763:777 arg1 reaction 751:758 electron transfer reaction 733:758 electron transfer reaction 733:758 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 5 45 theme nano-composites 763:777 arg1 activity 720:727 high catalytic activity 705:727 high catalytic activity 705:727 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 8 46 theme performance 1068:1078 arg1 HPLC 1103:1106 HPLC 1103:1106 HPLC 1103:1106 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 8 46 theme performance 1068:1078 arg1 chromatography 1087:1100 high performance liquid chromatography 1063:1100 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 1063:1114 Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was utilized to compare with the established electrochemical method for the determination of indole in plasma. 28709089 10 47 with samples 1391:1397 arg1 sensitivity 1433:1443 sensitivity 1433:1443 sensitivity 1433:1443 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 10 47 with samples 1391:1397 arg1 selectivity 1417:1427 satisfactory selectivity 1404:1427 satisfactory selectivity 1404:1427 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 5 48 theme electron 733:740 arg1 reaction 751:758 electron transfer reaction 733:758 electron transfer reaction 733:758 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 10 49 theme indole 1374:1379 arg1 level 1365:1369 the level 1361:1369 the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity 1361:1443 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 6 50 theme detection 871:879 arg1 limit 881:885 the detection limit 867:885 the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3) 867:907 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 10 51 from level 1365:1369 arg1 samples 1391:1397 plasma samples 1384:1397 plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity 1384:1443 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 4 52 from voltammetry 543:553 arg1 composites 578:587 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE) 564:618 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 7 53 theme electrochemical 921:935 arg1 sensor 937:942 This novel electrochemical sensor 910:942 This novel electrochemical sensor 910:942 This novel electrochemical sensor exhibited acceptable accuracies and precisions with the variations less than 7.3% and 9.0%, respectively. 28709089 3 54 theme electrochemical 314:328 arg1 sensor 330:335 electrochemical sensor 314:335 electrochemical sensor 314:335 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 4 55 theme electrochemical 443:457 arg1 behavior 459:466 The electrochemical behavior 439:466 The electrochemical behavior of indole 439:476 The electrochemical behavior of indole was elucidated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the MWCNTs-CS composites modified SPCE (MWCNTs-CS/SPCE). 28709089 2 56 theme various 230:236 arg1 diseases 238:245 various diseases 230:245 various diseases 230:245 The dysregulation of plasma indole concentration occurred in various diseases. 28709089 10 57 theme electrochemical 1303:1317 arg1 sensor 1319:1324 the electrochemical sensor 1299:1324 the electrochemical sensor 1299:1324 At last, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the level of indole in plasma samples with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity. 28709089 6 58 dep 100μgL-1 853:860 arg1 to 850:851 to 850:851 to 850:851 Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of indole was from 5 to 100μgL-1 with the detection limit of 0.5μgL-1 (S/N = 3). 28709089 5 59 dep activity 720:727 arg1 the 701:703 the 701:703 the 701:703 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 28709089 7 60 theme less 1011:1014 arg1 variations 1000:1009 the variations 996:1009 the variations less than 7.3% and 9.0%, respectively 996:1047 This novel electrochemical sensor exhibited acceptable accuracies and precisions with the variations less than 7.3% and 9.0%, respectively. 28709089 1 61 theme essential 127:135 arg1 metabolite 137:146 an essential metabolite 124:146 an essential metabolite in intestinal tract 124:166 Indole is an essential metabolite in intestinal tract. 28709089 1 61 theme essential 127:135 arg1 Indole 114:119 Indole 114:119 Indole 114:119 Indole is an essential metabolite in intestinal tract. 28709089 11 62 theme healthy 1485:1491 arg1 women 1502:1506 healthy pregnant women 1485:1506 healthy pregnant women 1485:1506 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 2 63 theme concentration 204:216 arg1 dysregulation 173:185 The dysregulation 169:185 The dysregulation of plasma indole concentration 169:216 The dysregulation of plasma indole concentration occurred in various diseases. 28709089 11 64 theme mellitus 1533:1540 arg1 patients 1548:1555 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1512:1555 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1512:1555 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 1 65 theme intestinal 151:160 arg1 tract 162:166 intestinal tract 151:166 intestinal tract 151:166 Indole is an essential metabolite in intestinal tract. 28709089 11 66 theme plasma 1468:1473 arg1 indole 1475:1480 plasma indole 1468:1480 plasma indole 1468:1480 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 3 67 theme multiwall 342:350 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 67 theme multiwall 342:350 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 2 68 theme indole 197:202 arg1 concentration 204:216 plasma indole concentration 190:216 plasma indole concentration 190:216 The dysregulation of plasma indole concentration occurred in various diseases. 28709089 11 69 theme indole 1475:1480 arg1 μgL-1 1575:1579 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 1562:1579 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 1562:1579 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 11 69 theme indole 1475:1480 arg1 concentrations 1450:1463 The concentrations 1446:1463 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 1446:1555 The concentrations of plasma indole in healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were 5.3 (4.1-7.0)μgL-1 and 7.2 (4.5-9.4)μgL-1, respectively. 28709089 3 70 theme carbon 352:357 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 70 theme carbon 352:357 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 71 theme carbon 414:419 arg1 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 SPCE 432:435 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 3 71 theme carbon 414:419 arg1 electrode 421:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode 342:429 multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 342:436 In this study, the indole in plasma was determined directly using electrochemical sensor with multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MWCNTs-CS) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28709089 5 72 theme transfer 742:749 arg1 reaction 751:758 electron transfer reaction 733:758 electron transfer reaction 733:758 The results showed that the current responses of indole improved greatly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nano-composites. 26800761 4 0 theme function 549:556 arg1 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 1 with cation 863:868 arg1 hydroxyls 880:888 ring hydroxyls 875:888 ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 875:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 2 theme liquid 965:970 arg1 cation 945:950 the cation 941:950 the cation of the ionic liquid 941:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 3 theme zinc 858:861 arg1 cation 863:868 the hydrated zinc cation 845:868 the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 845:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 4 theme = 232:232 arg1 R 230:230 R 230:230 R = 3 230:234 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 4 5 theme = 676:676 arg1 R 674:674 the R 670:674 the R = 3 hydrate 670:686 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 6 theme ring 875:878 arg1 hydroxyls 880:888 ring hydroxyls 875:888 ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 875:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 7 dep = 636:636 arg1 hydrate 640:646 3 hydrate 638:646 3 hydrate 638:646 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 8 from R 634:634 arg1 R 674:674 the R 670:674 the R = 3 hydrate 670:686 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 8 from R 634:634 arg1 ZnCl2·3 696:702 the ZnCl2·3 692:702 the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 692:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 9 theme solubility 742:751 arg1 measurements 753:764 detailed solubility measurements 733:764 detailed solubility measurements 733:764 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 2 10 with compositions 334:345 arg1 ≈ 395:395 x ≈ 1 393:397 x ≈ 1 393:397 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 4 11 from cellulose 617:625 arg1 R 634:634 the R 630:634 the R = 3 hydrate 630:646 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 11 from cellulose 617:625 arg1 ethanol 659:665 1 wt % ethanol 652:665 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 652:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 12 theme % 615:615 arg1 cellulose 617:625 1 wt % cellulose 610:625 1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 610:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 13 theme Neutron 494:500 arg1 diffraction 502:512 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 diffraction 502:512 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 2 14 theme x 393:393 arg1 ≈ 395:395 x ≈ 1 393:397 x ≈ 1 393:397 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 4 15 theme pair 531:534 arg1 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 2 16 theme Only 321:324 arg1 compositions 334:345 Only hydrate compositions 321:345 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 321:397 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 4 17 dep = 676:676 arg1 hydrate 680:686 3 hydrate 678:686 3 hydrate 678:686 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 18 theme cellulose 295:303 arg1 solubility 281:290 the solubility 277:290 the solubility of cellulose 277:303 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 4 19 theme differential 518:529 arg1 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 2 20 theme 3 370:370 arg1 range 361:365 the narrow range 350:365 the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x 350:386 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 0 21 theme Cellulose 110:118 arg1 Solubility 96:105 the Solubility 92:105 the Solubility of Cellulose 92:118 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 0 22 theme Liquid 6:11 arg1 Character 13:21 Ionic Liquid Character 0:21 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates 0:47 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 4 23 from ethanol 659:665 arg1 R 674:674 the R 670:674 the R = 3 hydrate 670:686 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 23 from ethanol 659:665 arg1 ZnCl2·3 696:702 the ZnCl2·3 692:702 the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 692:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 2 24 dep 3 370:370 arg1 x 386:386 x < R < 3 + x 374:386 x 386:386 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 2 24 dep 3 370:370 arg1 3 382:382 3 382:382 3 382:382 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 1 25 theme equivalent 180:189 arg1 hydrate 191:197 the three equivalent hydrate 170:197 the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 170:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 0 26 theme Ionic 0:4 arg1 Character 13:21 Ionic Liquid Character 0:21 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates 0:47 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 4 27 theme model 584:588 arg1 compound 590:597 model compound 584:597 model compound 584:597 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 28 theme OH 839:840 arg1 coordination 811:822 coordination 811:822 coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 811:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 29 theme second 908:913 arg1 shell 928:932 a second coordination shell 906:932 a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 906:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 30 theme hydrate 191:197 arg1 structure 157:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure 121:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 121:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 4 31 theme hydrated 849:856 arg1 cation 863:868 the hydrated zinc cation 845:868 the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 845:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 32 theme solutions 599:607 arg1 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 32 theme solutions 599:607 arg1 diffraction 502:512 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 diffraction 502:512 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 33 theme wt 654:655 arg1 ethanol 659:665 1 wt % ethanol 652:665 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 652:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 34 theme wt 612:613 arg1 cellulose 617:625 1 wt % cellulose 610:625 1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 610:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 2 35 theme narrow 354:359 arg1 range 361:365 the narrow range 350:365 the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x 350:386 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 4 36 theme shell 928:932 arg1 part 898:901 part 898:901 part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 898:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 37 theme zinc 202:205 arg1 chloride 207:214 zinc chloride 202:214 zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 202:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 0 38 theme Chloride 31:38 arg1 Hydrates 40:47 Zinc Chloride Hydrates 26:47 Zinc Chloride Hydrates 26:47 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 4 39 theme detailed 733:740 arg1 measurements 753:764 detailed solubility measurements 733:764 detailed solubility measurements 733:764 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 40 dep R 230:230 arg1 [ZnCl4 259:264 [ZnCl4 259:264 [ZnCl4 259:264 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 4 41 theme coordination 915:926 arg1 shell 928:932 a second coordination shell 906:932 a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid 906:970 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 42 theme chloride 207:214 arg1 hydrate 191:197 the three equivalent hydrate 170:197 the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 170:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 0 43 theme Zinc 26:29 arg1 Hydrates 40:47 Zinc Chloride Hydrates 26:47 Zinc Chloride Hydrates 26:47 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 2 44 theme hydrate 326:332 arg1 compositions 334:345 Only hydrate compositions 321:345 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 321:397 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 4 45 theme primary 831:837 arg1 OH 839:840 the primary OH 827:840 the primary OH 827:840 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 46 dep H2O 225:227 arg1 R 230:230 R 230:230 R = 3 230:234 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 4 47 theme % 657:657 arg1 ethanol 659:665 1 wt % ethanol 652:665 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 652:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 0 48 theme Hydrates 40:47 arg1 Character 13:21 Ionic Liquid Character 0:21 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates 0:47 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 4 49 theme cellulose 779:787 arg1 solubility 789:798 cellulose solubility 779:798 cellulose solubility 779:798 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 50 theme cellulose 570:578 arg1 solutions 599:607 cellulose and model compound solutions 570:607 cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) 570:718 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 51 theme liquid 712:717 arg1 ZnCl2·3 696:702 the ZnCl2·3 692:702 the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 692:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 52 theme = 636:636 arg1 R 634:634 the R 630:634 the R = 3 hydrate 630:646 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 53 dep chloride 207:214 arg1 H2O 225:227 H2O 225:227 H2O 225:227 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 4 54 theme distribution 536:547 arg1 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis 494:565 analysis 558:565 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 4 55 theme compound 590:597 arg1 solutions 599:607 cellulose and model compound solutions 570:607 cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) 570:718 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 56 dep = 232:232 arg1 3 234:234 3 234:234 3 234:234 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 3 57 theme = 481:481 arg1 hydrate 485:491 the R = 9 hydrate 475:491 the R = 9 hydrate 475:491 Once dissolved, the cellulose remains in solution up to the R = 9 hydrate. 26800761 2 58 from compositions 334:345 arg1 range 361:365 the narrow range 350:365 the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x 350:386 Only hydrate compositions in the narrow range of 3 - x < R < 3 + x with x ≈ 1 dissolve cellulose. 26800761 1 59 theme described 134:142 arg1 structure 157:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure 121:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 121:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 3 60 dep hydrate 485:491 arg1 up 469:470 up 469:470 up 469:470 Once dissolved, the cellulose remains in solution up to the R = 9 hydrate. 26800761 1 61 theme ionic 144:148 arg1 structure 157:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure 121:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 121:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26800761 0 62 theme Solvent 56:62 arg1 Characteristics 64:78 Solvent Characteristics 56:78 Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose 56:118 Ionic Liquid Character of Zinc Chloride Hydrates Define Solvent Characteristics that Afford the Solubility of Cellulose. 26800761 4 63 dep solutions 599:607 arg1 cellulose 617:625 1 wt % cellulose 610:625 1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid 610:717 Neutron diffraction and differential pair distribution function analysis of cellulose and model compound solutions (1 wt % cellulose in the R = 3 hydrate and 1 wt % ethanol in the R = 3 hydrate and the ZnCl2·3 ethanol liquid) coupled with detailed solubility measurements suggest that cellulose solubility occurs via coordination of the primary OH to the hydrated zinc cation with ring hydroxyls forming part of a second coordination shell around the cation of the ionic liquid. 26800761 1 64 theme liquid 150:155 arg1 structure 157:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure 121:165 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) 121:266 The recently described ionic liquid structure of the three equivalent hydrate of zinc chloride (ZnCl2·R H2O, R = 3, existing as [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]) explains the solubility of cellulose in this medium. 26877009 6 0 theme foaming 1236:1242 arg1 capacity 1244:1251 foaming capacity 1236:1251 foaming capacity 1236:1251 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 4 1 theme purified 879:886 arg1 samples 888:894 the purified samples 875:894 the purified samples 875:894 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 2 from I 803:803 arg1 peak 778:781 an exothermic peak 764:781 an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples 764:894 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 3 theme decomposition 581:593 arg1 temperature 595:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature 563:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 563:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 0 4 theme Physicochemical 51:65 arg1 characterization 67:82 Physicochemical characterization 51:82 Physicochemical characterization 51:82 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 2 5 theme molecular 347:355 arg1 weight 357:362 molecular weight 347:362 molecular weight 347:362 Sugar composition and molecular weight of the samples varied significantly. 26877009 4 6 theme samples 541:547 arg1 decomposition 511:523 The main decomposition 502:523 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 502:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 7 theme initial 573:579 arg1 temperature 595:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature 563:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 563:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 0 8 theme functional 88:97 arg1 properties 99:108 functional properties 88:108 functional properties 88:108 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 4 9 theme main 506:509 arg1 decomposition 511:523 The main decomposition 502:523 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 502:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 6 10 theme foam 1257:1260 arg1 stability 1262:1270 foam stability 1257:1270 foam stability 1257:1270 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 5 11 theme purification 978:989 arg1 methods 991:997 All the purification methods 970:997 All the purification methods 970:997 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 4 12 theme 302.46-311.57°C. 727:742 arg1 gum 750:752 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum 727:752 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum 727:752 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 13 theme lowest 959:964 arg1 Mw 966:967 the lowest Mw 955:967 the lowest Mw 955:967 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 6 14 dep E 1190:1190 arg1 purified 1193:1200 purified 1193:1200 purified using ethanol 1193:1214 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 4 15 theme surface 852:858 arg1 activity 860:867 the best surface activity 843:867 the best surface activity 843:867 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 16 theme 190.21°C. 628:636 arg1 thermograms 642:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms 628:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums 628:673 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 17 theme Sample 796:801 arg1 I 803:803 259.42°C. Sample I 786:803 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) 786:832 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 18 theme purified 661:668 arg1 gums 670:673 the purified gums 657:673 the purified gums 657:673 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 5 19 theme purified 1104:1111 arg1 samples 1113:1119 the purified samples 1100:1119 the purified samples 1100:1119 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 3 20 theme purification 409:420 arg1 methods 422:428 All the purification methods 401:428 All the purification methods 401:428 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 21 theme 259.42°C. 786:794 arg1 I 803:803 259.42°C. Sample I 786:803 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) 786:832 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 3 22 theme protein 446:452 arg1 content 454:460 ash and protein content 438:460 content 454:460 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 6 23 theme highest 1228:1234 arg1 capacity 1244:1251 foaming capacity 1236:1251 foaming capacity 1236:1251 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 4 24 contain had 902:904 arg2 contents 942:949 uronic acid contents 930:949 uronic acid contents 930:949 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 24 contain had 902:904 arg1 it 899:900 it 899:900 it 899:900 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 24 contain had 902:904 arg2 protein 918:924 the highest protein 906:924 the highest protein 906:924 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 24 contain had 902:904 arg2 Mw 966:967 the lowest Mw 955:967 the lowest Mw 955:967 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 1 25 theme physicochemical 259:273 arg1 characteristics 290:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics 255:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum 255:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 6 26 theme foaming 1150:1156 arg1 properties 1158:1167 the lowest foaming properties 1139:1167 the lowest foaming properties 1139:1167 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 3 27 theme ash 438:440 arg1 content 454:460 ash and protein content 438:460 content 454:460 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 28 dep showed 675:680 arg1 thermograms 642:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms 628:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums 628:673 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 5 29 theme cress 1039:1043 arg1 gum 1050:1052 cress seed gum 1039:1052 cress seed gum 1039:1052 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 4 30 theme exothermic 767:776 arg1 peak 778:781 an exothermic peak 764:781 an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples 764:894 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 1 31 theme different 174:182 arg1 isopropanol 215:225 isopropanol 215:225 isopropanol 215:225 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 31 theme different 174:182 arg1 ethanol 206:212 ethanol 206:212 ethanol 206:212 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 31 theme different 174:182 arg1 methods 197:203 different purification methods 174:203 different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) 174:250 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 31 theme different 174:182 arg1 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 0 32 theme cress 16:20 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification of cress 0:20 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 1 33 theme functional 279:288 arg1 characteristics 290:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics 255:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum 255:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 0 34 dep gum 46:48 arg1 characterization 67:82 Physicochemical characterization 51:82 Physicochemical characterization 51:82 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 0 34 dep gum 46:48 arg1 properties 99:108 functional properties 88:108 functional properties 88:108 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 1 35 theme purification 184:195 arg1 isopropanol 215:225 isopropanol 215:225 isopropanol 215:225 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 35 theme purification 184:195 arg1 ethanol 206:212 ethanol 206:212 ethanol 206:212 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 35 theme purification 184:195 arg1 methods 197:203 different purification methods 174:203 different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) 174:250 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 35 theme purification 184:195 arg1 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 0 36 theme Lepidium 28:35 arg1 sativum 37:43 Lepidium sativum 28:43 Lepidium sativum 28:43 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 4 37 theme 200°C 563:567 arg1 temperature 595:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature 563:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 563:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 38 theme acid 937:940 arg1 contents 942:949 uronic acid contents 930:949 uronic acid contents 930:949 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 5 39 theme emulsifying 1013:1023 arg1 properties 1025:1034 emulsifying properties 1013:1034 emulsifying properties of cress seed gum 1013:1052 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 2 40 theme samples 371:377 arg1 composition 331:341 Sugar composition 325:341 Sugar composition 325:341 Sugar composition and molecular weight of the samples varied significantly. 26877009 2 40 theme samples 371:377 arg1 weight 357:362 molecular weight 347:362 molecular weight 347:362 Sugar composition and molecular weight of the samples varied significantly. 26877009 1 41 theme methods 197:203 arg1 effects 163:169 the effects 159:169 the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum 159:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 42 theme exothermic 686:695 arg1 events 697:702 two exothermic events 682:702 two exothermic events 682:702 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 43 theme uronic 930:935 arg1 contents 942:949 uronic acid contents 930:949 uronic acid contents 930:949 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 5 44 theme significant 1071:1081 arg1 difference 1083:1092 no significant difference 1068:1092 no significant difference among the purified samples 1068:1119 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 4 45 theme purified 532:539 arg1 samples 541:547 the purified samples 528:547 the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 528:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 1 46 theme cress 309:313 arg1 gum 320:322 cress seed gum 309:322 cress seed gum 309:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 5 47 theme gum 1050:1052 arg1 properties 1025:1034 emulsifying properties 1013:1034 emulsifying properties of cress seed gum 1013:1052 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 6 48 theme Crude 1122:1126 arg1 gum 1128:1130 Crude gum 1122:1130 Crude gum 1122:1130 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 3 49 theme seed 492:495 arg1 gum 497:499 cress seed gum 486:499 cress seed gum 486:499 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 50 theme seed 315:318 arg1 gum 320:322 cress seed gum 309:322 cress seed gum 309:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 5 51 theme seed 1045:1048 arg1 gum 1050:1052 cress seed gum 1039:1052 cress seed gum 1039:1052 All the purification methods could improve emulsifying properties of cress seed gum and there was no significant difference among the purified samples. 26877009 4 52 theme best 847:850 arg1 activity 860:867 the best surface activity 843:867 the best surface activity 843:867 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 3 53 theme gum 497:499 arg1 content 454:460 ash and protein content 438:460 content 454:460 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 3 53 theme gum 497:499 arg1 weight 476:481 molecular weight 466:481 molecular weight 466:481 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 54 theme gum 320:322 arg1 characteristics 290:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics 255:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum 255:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 55 theme highest 910:916 arg1 protein 918:924 the highest protein 906:924 the highest protein 906:924 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 0 56 dep seed 22:25 arg1 sativum 37:43 Lepidium sativum 28:43 Lepidium sativum 28:43 Purification of cress seed (Lepidium sativum) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 26877009 1 57 dep methods 197:203 arg1 isopropanol 215:225 isopropanol 215:225 isopropanol 215:225 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 57 dep methods 197:203 arg1 ethanol 206:212 ethanol 206:212 ethanol 206:212 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 57 dep methods 197:203 arg1 methods 197:203 different purification methods 174:203 different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) 174:250 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 57 dep methods 197:203 arg1 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 ethanol-isopropanol 231:249 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 2 58 theme Sugar 325:329 arg1 composition 331:341 Sugar composition 325:341 Sugar composition 325:341 Sugar composition and molecular weight of the samples varied significantly. 26877009 6 59 theme lowest 1143:1148 arg1 properties 1158:1167 the lowest foaming properties 1139:1167 the lowest foaming properties 1139:1167 Crude gum showed the lowest foaming properties, while samples I and E (purified using ethanol) showed the highest foaming capacity and foam stability, respectively. 26877009 4 60 theme crude 614:618 arg1 gum 620:622 the crude gum 610:622 the crude gum 610:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 1 61 from effects 163:169 arg1 characteristics 290:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics 255:304 the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum 255:322 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 3 62 theme cress 486:490 arg1 gum 497:499 cress seed gum 486:499 cress seed gum 486:499 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 63 theme Crude 744:748 arg1 gum 750:752 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum 727:752 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum 727:752 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 3 64 theme molecular 466:474 arg1 weight 476:481 molecular weight 466:481 molecular weight 466:481 All the purification methods reduced ash and protein content and molecular weight of cress seed gum. 26877009 1 65 theme present 126:132 arg1 study 134:138 the present study 122:138 the present study 122:138 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 66 theme gums 670:673 arg1 thermograms 642:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms 628:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums 628:673 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 4 67 theme DSC 638:640 arg1 thermograms 642:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms 628:652 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums 628:673 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 26877009 1 68 theme study 134:138 arg1 aim 115:117 The aim 111:117 The aim of the present study 111:138 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different purification methods (ethanol, isopropanol and ethanol-isopropanol) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of cress seed gum. 26877009 4 69 theme gum 620:622 arg1 temperature 595:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature 563:605 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum 563:622 The main decomposition of the purified samples started above 200°C and initial decomposition temperature of the crude gum was 190.21°C. DSC thermograms of the purified gums showed two exothermic events at 257.81-261.95°C and 302.46-311.57°C. Crude gum displayed an exothermic peak at 259.42°C. Sample I (purified using isopropanol) imparted the best surface activity among the purified samples as it had the highest protein and uronic acid contents and the lowest Mw. 24727145 0 0 theme Neisseria 86:94 arg1 meningitidis 96:107 Neisseria meningitidis 86:107 Neisseria meningitidis 86:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 3 1 theme products 596:603 arg1 testing 579:585 quality control testing 563:585 quality control testing of these products 563:603 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 7 2 theme CP 1090:1091 arg1 content 1093:1099 CP content 1090:1099 CP content 1090:1099 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 8 3 theme conjugated 1160:1169 arg1 vaccines 1194:1201 conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines 1160:1201 conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines 1160:1201 These assays are suitable for screening multiple plain or conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability analysis. 24727145 7 4 theme proposed 1002:1009 arg1 ELISAs 1011:1016 the proposed ELISAs 998:1016 the proposed ELISAs 998:1016 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 6 5 dep reproducibility 822:836 arg1 calculated 859:868 calculated 859:868 calculated for each point of the standard curve (CV<15%) 859:914 The assays showed good reproducibility and repeatability as calculated for each point of the standard curve (CV<15%). 24727145 8 6 theme lot-to-lot 1238:1247 arg1 consistency 1249:1259 lot-to-lot consistency 1238:1259 lot-to-lot consistency 1238:1259 These assays are suitable for screening multiple plain or conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability analysis. 24727145 6 7 theme good 817:820 arg1 reproducibility 822:836 reproducibility 822:836 reproducibility 822:836 The assays showed good reproducibility and repeatability as calculated for each point of the standard curve (CV<15%). 24727145 0 8 from Y 132:132 arg1 vaccines 149:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 0 9 from quantitation 40:51 arg1 meningitidis 96:107 Neisseria meningitidis 86:107 Neisseria meningitidis 86:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 3 10 from quantitation 487:498 arg1 vaccines 538:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 5 11 theme detection 744:752 arg1 limits 754:759 The quantitation and detection limits 723:759 The quantitation and detection limits of the four ELISAs 723:778 The quantitation and detection limits of the four ELISAs were below 1ng/mL. 24727145 7 12 theme accepted 1065:1072 arg1 range 1074:1078 the accepted range 1061:1078 the accepted range (±30%) of CP content 1061:1099 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 7 12 theme accepted 1065:1072 arg1 % 1084:1084 ±30% 1081:1084 ±30% 1081:1084 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 8 13 theme meningococcal 1171:1183 arg1 vaccines 1194:1201 conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines 1160:1201 conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines 1160:1201 These assays are suitable for screening multiple plain or conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability analysis. 24727145 1 14 theme Neisseria 159:167 arg1 meningitidis 169:180 Neisseria meningitidis 159:180 Neisseria meningitidis 159:180 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 1 14 theme Neisseria 159:167 arg1 bacterium 201:209 a Gram negative bacterium 185:209 a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) 185:328 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 7 15 theme meningococcal 947:959 arg1 vaccines 970:977 five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 930:977 five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 930:977 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 7 16 theme CP-based 961:968 arg1 vaccines 970:977 five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 930:977 five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 930:977 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 0 17 theme sandwich 20:27 arg1 ELISAs 29:34 four sandwich ELISAs 15:34 four sandwich ELISAs 15:34 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 4 18 theme enzyme-linked 636:648 arg1 assays 664:669 four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays 622:669 four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) 622:678 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 4 18 theme enzyme-linked 636:648 arg1 ELISAs 672:677 ELISAs 672:677 ELISAs 672:677 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 8 19 theme stability 1265:1273 arg1 analysis 1275:1282 stability analysis 1265:1282 stability analysis 1265:1282 These assays are suitable for screening multiple plain or conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability analysis. 24727145 2 20 theme serogroups 403:412 arg1 six 390:392 six 390:392 six 390:392 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 2 20 theme serogroups 403:412 arg1 serogroups 403:412 these serogroups 397:412 these serogroups 397:412 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 1 21 theme biochemical 270:280 arg1 composition 282:292 the biochemical composition 266:292 the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) 266:328 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 7 22 theme multivalent 935:945 arg1 vaccines 970:977 five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 930:977 five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 930:977 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 4 23 theme sandwich 627:634 arg1 assays 664:669 four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays 622:669 four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) 622:678 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 4 23 theme sandwich 627:634 arg1 ELISAs 672:677 ELISAs 672:677 ELISAs 672:677 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 1 24 theme Gram 187:190 arg1 meningitidis 169:180 Neisseria meningitidis 159:180 Neisseria meningitidis 159:180 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 1 24 theme Gram 187:190 arg1 bacterium 201:209 a Gram negative bacterium 185:209 a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) 185:328 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 8 25 theme CP-based 1185:1192 arg1 vaccines 1194:1201 conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines 1160:1201 conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines 1160:1201 These assays are suitable for screening multiple plain or conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability analysis. 24727145 5 26 theme quantitation 727:738 arg1 limits 754:759 The quantitation and detection limits 723:759 The quantitation and detection limits of the four ELISAs 723:778 The quantitation and detection limits of the four ELISAs were below 1ng/mL. 24727145 2 27 dep six 390:392 arg1 A 415:415 A 415:415 A 415:415 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 2 27 dep six 390:392 arg1 W 424:424 W 424:424 W 424:424 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 2 27 dep six 390:392 arg1 X 427:427 X 427:427 X 427:427 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 2 27 dep six 390:392 arg1 B 418:418 B 418:418 B 418:418 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 2 27 dep six 390:392 arg1 C 421:421 C 421:421 C 421:421 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 2 27 dep six 390:392 arg1 Y 433:433 Y 433:433 Y 433:433 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 1 28 theme negative 192:199 arg1 meningitidis 169:180 Neisseria meningitidis 159:180 Neisseria meningitidis 159:180 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 1 28 theme negative 192:199 arg1 bacterium 201:209 a Gram negative bacterium 185:209 a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) 185:328 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 0 29 theme ELISAs 29:34 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis 0:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 2 30 dep MenA 436:439 arg1 MenB 442:445 MenB 442:445 MenB 442:445 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 3 31 theme meningococcal 515:527 arg1 vaccines 538:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 3 32 theme Individual 473:482 arg1 quantitation 487:498 Individual CP quantitation 473:498 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 473:545 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 7 33 theme content 1093:1099 arg1 range 1074:1078 the accepted range 1061:1078 the accepted range (±30%) of CP content 1061:1099 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 7 33 theme content 1093:1099 arg1 % 1084:1084 ±30% 1081:1084 ±30% 1081:1084 In addition, five multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines were evaluated and the proposed ELISAs showed that these vaccines were found into the accepted range (±30%) of CP content. 24727145 8 34 theme multiple 1142:1149 arg1 plain 1151:1155 multiple plain 1142:1155 multiple plain 1142:1155 These assays are suitable for screening multiple plain or conjugated meningococcal CP-based vaccines and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability analysis. 24727145 3 35 theme CP-based 529:536 arg1 vaccines 538:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 4 36 theme CP 719:720 arg1 quantitation 703:714 the quantitation 699:714 the quantitation of CP 699:720 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 4 37 dep enzyme-linked 636:648 arg1 immunosorbent 650:662 immunosorbent 650:662 immunosorbent 650:662 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 1 38 theme capsular 301:308 arg1 CP 326:327 CP 326:327 CP 326:327 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 1 38 theme capsular 301:308 arg1 polysaccharide 310:323 the capsular polysaccharide 297:323 the capsular polysaccharide (CP) 297:328 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 3 39 theme quality 563:569 arg1 testing 579:585 quality control testing 563:585 quality control testing of these products 563:603 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 3 40 theme control 571:577 arg1 testing 579:585 quality control testing 563:585 quality control testing of these products 563:603 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 1 41 theme polysaccharide 310:323 arg1 composition 282:292 the biochemical composition 266:292 the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) 266:328 Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram negative bacterium that has been classified in 13 serogroups according to the biochemical composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CP). 24727145 0 42 from A 120:120 arg1 vaccines 149:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 0 43 theme multivalent 137:147 arg1 vaccines 149:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 3 44 theme multivalent 503:513 arg1 vaccines 538:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 503:545 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 5 45 theme ELISAs 773:778 arg1 limits 754:759 The quantitation and detection limits 723:759 The quantitation and detection limits of the four ELISAs 723:778 The quantitation and detection limits of the four ELISAs were below 1ng/mL. 24727145 0 46 from W 126:126 arg1 vaccines 149:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 0 47 theme polysaccharides 65:79 arg1 quantitation 40:51 quantitation 40:51 quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis 40:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 0 48 from meningitidis 96:107 arg1 quantitation 40:51 quantitation 40:51 quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis 40:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 0 48 from meningitidis 96:107 arg1 polysaccharides 65:79 capsular polysaccharides 56:79 capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis 56:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 3 49 theme CP 484:485 arg1 quantitation 487:498 Individual CP quantitation 473:498 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines 473:545 Individual CP quantitation in multivalent meningococcal CP-based vaccines is required for quality control testing of these products. 24727145 4 50 link enzyme-linked 636:648 arg1 assays 664:669 four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays 622:669 four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) 622:678 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 4 50 link enzyme-linked 636:648 arg1 ELISAs 672:677 ELISAs 672:677 ELISAs 672:677 In this regard, four sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the quantitation of CP. 24727145 6 51 theme curve 901:905 arg1 point 879:883 each point 874:883 each point of the standard curve (CV<15%) 874:914 The assays showed good reproducibility and repeatability as calculated for each point of the standard curve (CV<15%). 24727145 0 52 theme capsular 56:63 arg1 polysaccharides 65:79 capsular polysaccharides 56:79 capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis 56:107 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 24727145 6 53 theme standard 892:899 arg1 curve 901:905 the standard curve 888:905 the standard curve (CV<15%) 888:914 The assays showed good reproducibility and repeatability as calculated for each point of the standard curve (CV<15%). 24727145 6 53 theme standard 892:899 arg1 % 913:913 CV<15% 908:913 CV<15% 908:913 The assays showed good reproducibility and repeatability as calculated for each point of the standard curve (CV<15%). 24727145 2 54 theme invasive 340:347 arg1 infections 349:358 invasive infections 340:358 invasive infections 340:358 However, invasive infections are most frequently caused by six of these serogroups: A, B, C, W, X and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, MenW, MenX, MenY). 24727145 0 55 from C 123:123 arg1 vaccines 149:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 multivalent vaccines 137:156 Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. 28725264 4 0 theme anatomical 926:935 arg1 fraction 937:944 anatomical fraction 926:944 anatomical fraction 926:944 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 6 1 theme lowest 1175:1180 arg1 yields 1193:1198 the lowest hydrolysis yields 1171:1198 the lowest hydrolysis yields 1171:1198 Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. 28725264 10 2 theme chemical 1867:1874 arg1 extractions 1876:1886 harsher chemical extractions 1859:1886 harsher chemical extractions 1859:1886 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 11 3 theme total 2114:2118 arg1 weight 2124:2129 total dry weight 2114:2129 total dry weight particularly in stem internodes 2114:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 9 4 theme pectic 1677:1682 arg1 polysaccharides 1684:1698 pectic polysaccharides 1677:1698 pectic polysaccharides 1677:1698 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 2 5 theme major 337:341 arg1 contributions 343:355 major contributions 337:355 major contributions to heterogeneity 337:372 Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. 28725264 8 6 from response 1505:1512 arg1 fractions 1548:1556 lower lignin fractions 1535:1556 lower lignin fractions 1535:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 13 7 with correlation 2560:2570 arg1 yields 2598:2603 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2577:2603 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2577:2603 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 13 8 dep contributor 2622:2632 arg1 exhibiting 2538:2547 exhibiting 2538:2547 exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2538:2603 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 10 9 theme comparable 1898:1907 arg1 abundances 1916:1925 comparable glycan abundances 1898:1925 comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes 1898:1960 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 1 10 theme processing 207:216 arg1 feedstocks 218:227 processing feedstocks 207:227 processing feedstocks 207:227 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. 28725264 11 11 theme enzymatic 1969:1977 arg1 hydrolysis 1979:1988 enzymatic hydrolysis 1969:1988 enzymatic hydrolysis 1969:1988 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 3 12 theme enzymatic 623:631 arg1 hydrolysis 633:642 enzymatic hydrolysis 623:642 enzymatic hydrolysis 623:642 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 13 dep fractions 659:667 arg1 blades 710:715 leaf blades 705:715 leaf blades 705:715 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 13 dep fractions 659:667 arg1 internodes 675:684 stem internodes 670:684 stem internodes 670:684 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 13 dep fractions 659:667 arg1 sheaths 692:698 leaf sheaths 687:698 leaf sheaths 687:698 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 12 14 theme single 2281:2286 arg1 plant 2288:2292 a single plant 2279:2292 a single plant 2279:2292 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 5 15 theme tissue 1006:1011 arg1 maturity 1013:1020 tissue maturity 1006:1020 tissue maturity 1006:1020 Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. 28725264 13 16 theme anatomical 2676:2685 arg1 fractions 2687:2695 diverse anatomical fractions 2668:2695 diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2668:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 7 17 theme aromatics 1322:1330 arg1 removal 1301:1307 removal 1301:1307 removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment 1301:1389 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 9 18 theme leaf 1573:1576 arg1 sheath 1578:1583 leaf sheath 1573:1583 leaf sheath 1573:1583 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 8 19 theme lignin 1541:1546 arg1 fractions 1548:1556 lower lignin fractions 1535:1556 lower lignin fractions 1535:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 10 20 theme polysaccharide 1754:1767 arg1 extractability 1769:1782 xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability 1737:1782 xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability 1737:1782 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 2 21 theme wall 273:276 arg1 composition 278:288 cell wall composition 268:288 cell wall composition 268:288 Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. 28725264 13 22 theme wall 2501:2504 arg1 content 2513:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 13 22 theme wall 2501:2504 arg1 contributor 2622:2632 the sole contributor 2613:2632 the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2613:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 4 23 theme maturity 957:964 arg1 differences 822:832 RESULTS Substantial differences 802:832 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction 802:893 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 4 23 theme maturity 957:964 arg1 function 914:921 a function 912:921 a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity 912:964 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 12 24 theme structural 2249:2258 arg1 differences 2260:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences 2227:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant 2227:2292 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 13 25 theme wall 2642:2645 arg1 recalcitrance 2647:2659 cell wall recalcitrance 2637:2659 cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2637:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 11 26 theme dry 2120:2122 arg1 weight 2124:2129 total dry weight 2114:2129 total dry weight particularly in stem internodes 2114:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 5 27 theme lignin 976:981 arg1 content 983:989 lignin content 976:989 lignin content 976:989 Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. 28725264 6 28 theme Stem 1107:1110 arg1 internodes 1112:1121 Stem internodes 1107:1121 Stem internodes 1107:1121 Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. 28725264 7 29 theme wall 1317:1320 arg1 aromatics 1322:1330 cell wall aromatics 1312:1330 cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) 1312:1368 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 0 30 theme developmental 18:30 arg1 stage 32:36 developmental stage 18:36 developmental stage 18:36 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 12 31 theme Cell 2239:2242 arg1 differences 2260:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences 2227:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant 2227:2292 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 0 32 theme wall 84:87 arg1 recalcitrance 89:101 cell wall recalcitrance 79:101 cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass 79:116 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 11 33 dep starch 2059:2064 arg1 i.e. 2053:2056 i.e. 2053:2056 i.e. 2053:2056 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 8 34 attach linked 1470:1475 arg2 polysaccharides 1449:1463 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1434:1463 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1434:1463 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 8 34 attach linked 1470:1475 arg1 differences 1480:1490 differences 1480:1490 differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions 1480:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 4 35 from differences 822:832 arg1 composition 852:862 cell wall composition 842:862 cell wall composition 842:862 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 4 35 from differences 822:832 arg1 response 868:875 response 868:875 response to deconstruction 868:893 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 9 36 theme substituted 1638:1648 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylans 1650:1671 substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans 1638:1671 substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans 1638:1671 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 12 37 theme biorefining 2431:2441 arg1 process 2443:2449 a biorefining process 2429:2449 a biorefining process 2429:2449 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 10 38 theme internode 1801:1809 arg1 maturity 1811:1818 stem internode maturity 1796:1818 stem internode maturity 1796:1818 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 7 39 used used 1276:1279 arg2 microscopy 1261:1270 Confocal microscopy 1252:1270 Confocal microscopy 1252:1270 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 7 40 theme cell 1422:1425 arg1 types 1427:1431 diverse cell types 1414:1431 diverse cell types 1414:1431 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 0 41 theme cell 79:82 arg1 recalcitrance 89:101 cell wall recalcitrance 79:101 cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass 79:116 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 9 42 theme polysaccharides 1684:1698 arg1 contents 1626:1633 higher contents 1619:1633 higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides 1619:1698 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 4 43 theme RESULTS 802:808 arg1 differences 822:832 RESULTS Substantial differences 802:832 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction 802:893 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 4 43 theme RESULTS 802:808 arg1 function 914:921 a function 912:921 a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity 912:964 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 7 44 theme Confocal 1252:1259 arg1 microscopy 1261:1270 Confocal microscopy 1252:1270 Confocal microscopy 1252:1270 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 1 45 theme BACKGROUND 119:128 arg1 Heterogeneity 130:142 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity 119:142 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass 119:168 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. 28725264 6 46 theme highest 1137:1143 arg1 content 1152:1158 the highest lignin content 1133:1158 the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content 1133:1249 Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. 28725264 3 47 theme study 456:460 arg1 focus 442:446 the focus 438:446 the focus of this study 438:460 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 8 48 theme cell 1495:1498 arg1 response 1505:1512 cell wall response 1495:1512 cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions 1495:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 7 49 theme NaOH 1373:1376 arg1 pretreatment 1378:1389 NaOH pretreatment 1373:1389 NaOH pretreatment 1373:1389 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 12 50 contain have 2350:2353 arg2 potential 2359:2367 the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process 2355:2449 the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process 2355:2449 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 12 50 contain have 2350:2353 arg1 differences 2260:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences 2227:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant 2227:2292 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 3 51 theme plant 541:545 arg1 wall 552:555 the plant cell wall 537:555 the plant cell wall 537:555 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 0 52 theme fraction 53:60 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 0:117 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 13 53 theme hydrolysis 2587:2596 arg1 yields 2598:2603 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2577:2603 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2577:2603 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 3 54 theme stem 670:673 arg1 internodes 675:684 stem internodes 670:684 stem internodes 670:684 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 9 55 contain have 1614:1617 arg2 contents 1626:1633 higher contents 1619:1633 higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides 1619:1698 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 9 55 contain have 1614:1617 arg1 sheath 1578:1583 leaf sheath 1573:1583 leaf sheath 1573:1583 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 9 55 contain have 1614:1617 arg1 blade 1594:1598 leaf blade 1589:1598 leaf blade 1589:1598 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 4 56 theme wall 847:850 arg1 composition 852:862 cell wall composition 842:862 cell wall composition 842:862 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 8 57 theme lower 1535:1539 arg1 fractions 1548:1556 lower lignin fractions 1535:1556 lower lignin fractions 1535:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 3 58 theme cell 561:564 arg1 response 571:578 cell wall response 561:578 cell wall response to deconstruction 561:596 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 5 59 theme anatomical 1085:1094 arg1 fractions 1096:1104 all three anatomical fractions 1075:1104 all three anatomical fractions 1075:1104 Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. 28725264 6 60 theme hydrolysis 1182:1191 arg1 yields 1193:1198 the lowest hydrolysis yields 1171:1198 the lowest hydrolysis yields 1171:1198 Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. 28725264 3 61 theme tissue 748:753 arg1 maturities 755:764 various tissue maturities 740:764 various tissue maturities 740:764 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 62 theme wall 552:555 arg1 composition 507:517 composition 507:517 composition 507:517 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 62 theme wall 552:555 arg1 response 571:578 cell wall response 561:578 cell wall response to deconstruction 561:596 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 62 theme wall 552:555 arg1 properties 523:532 properties 523:532 properties 523:532 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 10 63 theme Glycome 1701:1707 arg1 profiling 1709:1717 Glycome profiling 1701:1717 Glycome profiling 1701:1717 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 10 64 theme relative 1927:1934 arg1 abundances 1916:1925 comparable glycan abundances 1898:1925 comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes 1898:1960 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 4 65 theme fraction 937:944 arg1 differences 822:832 RESULTS Substantial differences 802:832 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction 802:893 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 4 65 theme fraction 937:944 arg1 function 914:921 a function 912:921 a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity 912:964 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 9 66 theme higher 1619:1624 arg1 contents 1626:1633 higher contents 1619:1633 higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides 1619:1698 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 10 67 theme harsher 1859:1865 arg1 extractions 1876:1886 harsher chemical extractions 1859:1886 harsher chemical extractions 1859:1886 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 10 68 theme glycan 1909:1914 arg1 abundances 1916:1925 comparable glycan abundances 1898:1925 comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes 1898:1960 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 13 69 theme lignin 2506:2511 arg1 content 2513:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 13 69 theme lignin 2506:2511 arg1 contributor 2622:2632 the sole contributor 2613:2632 the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2613:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 11 70 theme stem 2147:2150 arg1 internodes 2152:2161 stem internodes 2147:2161 stem internodes 2147:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 11 71 from internodes 2152:2161 arg1 portion 2103:2109 a significant portion 2089:2109 a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes 2089:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 10 72 theme xylan 1737:1741 arg1 extractability 1769:1782 xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability 1737:1782 xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability 1737:1782 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 13 73 from work 2474:2477 arg1 results 2456:2462 The results 2452:2462 The results from this work 2452:2477 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 6 74 theme lignin 1236:1241 arg1 content 1243:1249 lignin content 1236:1249 lignin content 1236:1249 Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. 28725264 12 75 theme significant 2305:2315 arg1 role 2317:2320 a significant role 2303:2320 a significant role 2303:2320 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 13 76 theme diverse 2668:2674 arg1 fractions 2687:2695 diverse anatomical fractions 2668:2695 diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2668:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 3 77 theme NaOH 601:604 arg1 pretreatment 606:617 NaOH pretreatment 601:617 NaOH pretreatment 601:617 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 1 78 theme cellulosic 232:241 arg1 biofuels 243:250 cellulosic biofuels 232:250 cellulosic biofuels 232:250 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. 28725264 10 79 theme mature 1944:1949 arg1 internodes 1951:1960 less mature internodes 1939:1960 less mature internodes 1939:1960 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 0 80 from recalcitrance 89:101 arg1 switchgrass 106:116 switchgrass 106:116 switchgrass 106:116 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 11 81 from weight 2124:2129 arg1 internodes 2152:2161 stem internodes 2147:2161 stem internodes 2147:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 13 82 theme sole 2617:2620 arg1 content 2513:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 13 82 theme sole 2617:2620 arg1 contributor 2622:2632 the sole contributor 2613:2632 the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2613:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 11 83 theme extractible 2033:2043 arg1 sugars 2045:2050 extractible sugars 2033:2050 extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) 2033:2077 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 3 84 theme anatomical 648:657 arg1 fractions 659:667 anatomical fractions 648:667 anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) 648:716 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 13 85 theme cell 2496:2499 arg1 content 2513:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 cell wall lignin content 2496:2519 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 13 85 theme cell 2496:2499 arg1 contributor 2622:2632 the sole contributor 2613:2632 the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2613:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 10 86 theme pectic 1747:1752 arg1 polysaccharide 1754:1767 pectic polysaccharide 1747:1767 pectic polysaccharide 1747:1767 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 11 87 theme extractives-free 2007:2022 arg1 biomass 2024:2030 extractives-free biomass 2007:2030 extractives-free biomass 2007:2030 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 13 88 theme cell 2637:2640 arg1 recalcitrance 2647:2659 cell wall recalcitrance 2637:2659 cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass 2637:2714 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 2 89 theme cell 268:271 arg1 composition 278:288 cell wall composition 268:288 cell wall composition 268:288 Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. 28725264 9 90 theme leaf 1589:1592 arg1 blade 1594:1598 leaf blade 1589:1598 leaf blade 1589:1598 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 4 91 theme tissue 950:955 arg1 maturity 957:964 tissue maturity 950:964 tissue maturity 950:964 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 11 92 from portion 2103:2109 arg1 internodes 2152:2161 stem internodes 2147:2161 stem internodes 2147:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 12 93 theme wall 2244:2247 arg1 differences 2260:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences 2227:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant 2227:2292 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 12 94 theme feedstock 2325:2333 arg1 properties 2335:2344 feedstock properties 2325:2344 feedstock properties 2325:2344 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 2 95 theme plant 314:318 arg1 growth 320:325 plant growth 314:325 plant growth 314:325 Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. 28725264 1 96 theme herbaceous 151:160 arg1 biomass 162:168 herbaceous biomass 151:168 herbaceous biomass 151:168 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. 28725264 7 97 theme cell 1312:1315 arg1 aromatics 1322:1330 cell wall aromatics 1312:1330 cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) 1312:1368 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 1 98 theme important 182:190 arg1 challenges 192:201 important challenges 182:201 important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels 182:250 BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. 28725264 12 99 theme CONCLUSIONS 2227:2237 arg1 differences 2260:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences 2227:2270 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant 2227:2292 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 7 100 dep lignins 1339:1345 arg1 i.e. 1333:1336 i.e. 1333:1336 i.e. 1333:1336 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 12 101 theme biomass 2399:2405 arg1 processability 2407:2420 biomass processability 2399:2420 biomass processability 2399:2420 CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. 28725264 4 102 theme Substantial 810:820 arg1 differences 822:832 RESULTS Substantial differences 802:832 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction 802:893 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 4 102 theme Substantial 810:820 arg1 function 914:921 a function 912:921 a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity 912:964 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 2 103 theme single 383:388 arg1 species 390:396 a single species 381:396 a single species 381:396 Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. 28725264 9 104 theme glucuronoarabinoxylans 1650:1671 arg1 contents 1626:1633 higher contents 1619:1633 higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides 1619:1698 Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. 28725264 7 105 theme diverse 1414:1420 arg1 types 1427:1431 diverse cell types 1414:1431 diverse cell types 1414:1431 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 8 106 theme Non-cellulosic 1434:1447 arg1 polysaccharides 1449:1463 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1434:1463 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1434:1463 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 10 107 theme stem 1796:1799 arg1 maturity 1811:1818 stem internode maturity 1796:1818 stem internode maturity 1796:1818 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 7 108 dep aromatics 1322:1330 arg1 hydroxycinnamates 1351:1367 hydroxycinnamates 1351:1367 hydroxycinnamates 1351:1367 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 7 108 dep aromatics 1322:1330 arg1 lignins 1339:1345 lignins 1339:1345 lignins 1339:1345 Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. 28725264 0 109 theme stage 32:36 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 0:117 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 11 110 theme weight 2124:2129 arg1 portion 2103:2109 a significant portion 2089:2109 a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes 2089:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 6 111 theme lignin 1145:1150 arg1 content 1152:1158 the highest lignin content 1133:1158 the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content 1133:1249 Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. 28725264 5 112 theme ferulate 1051:1058 arg1 content 1060:1066 ferulate content 1051:1066 ferulate content 1051:1066 Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. 28725264 0 113 theme anatomical 42:51 arg1 fraction 53:60 anatomical fraction 42:60 anatomical fraction 42:60 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 3 114 theme leaf 687:690 arg1 sheaths 692:698 leaf sheaths 687:698 leaf sheaths 687:698 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 11 115 theme significant 2091:2101 arg1 portion 2103:2109 a significant portion 2089:2109 a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes 2089:2161 While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. 28725264 13 116 theme enzymatic 2577:2585 arg1 yields 2598:2603 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2577:2603 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2577:2603 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 8 117 theme wall 1500:1503 arg1 response 1505:1512 cell wall response 1495:1512 cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions 1495:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 28725264 3 118 theme cell 547:550 arg1 wall 552:555 the plant cell wall 537:555 the plant cell wall 537:555 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 13 119 theme negative 2551:2558 arg1 correlation 2560:2570 a negative correlation 2549:2570 a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields 2549:2603 The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass. 28725264 0 120 dep stage 32:36 arg1 contributions 62:74 contributions 62:74 contributions 62:74 Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. 28725264 3 121 theme leaf 705:708 arg1 blades 710:715 leaf blades 705:715 leaf blades 705:715 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 4 122 theme cell 842:845 arg1 composition 852:862 cell wall composition 842:862 cell wall composition 842:862 RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. 28725264 10 123 theme mature 1831:1836 arg1 internodes 1838:1847 more mature internodes 1826:1847 more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes 1826:1960 Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. 28725264 3 124 theme various 740:746 arg1 maturities 755:764 various tissue maturities 740:764 various tissue maturities 740:764 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 3 125 theme wall 566:569 arg1 response 571:578 cell wall response 561:578 cell wall response to deconstruction 561:596 To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. 28725264 8 126 from differences 1480:1490 arg1 response 1505:1512 cell wall response 1495:1512 cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions 1495:1556 Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. 24021728 9 0 theme significant 1061:1071 arg1 differences 1073:1083 the significant differences 1057:1083 the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1057:1132 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 8 1 dep P. 925:926 arg1 arabiensis 928:937 arabiensis 928:937 arabiensis 928:937 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 2 theme strain 907:912 arg1 T 949:949 T 949:949 T 949:949 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 2 theme strain 907:912 arg1 T 918:918 strain SE3(T) 907:919 strain SE3(T) 907:919 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 2 theme strain 907:912 arg1 T 1009:1009 T 1009:1009 T 1009:1009 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 2 3 theme strain 147:152 arg1 SE3 154:156 strain SE3 147:156 strain SE3(T) 147:159 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 2 3 theme strain 147:152 arg1 T 158:158 T 158:158 T 158:158 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 8 4 dep P. 953:954 arg1 lipolytica 956:965 lipolytica 956:965 lipolytica 956:965 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 7 5 theme sequence 741:748 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 5 theme sequence 741:748 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 10 6 dep SE3 1381:1383 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 10 6 dep SE3 1381:1383 arg1 14852 1413:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852 1389:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T) 1389:1420 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 1 7 theme polysaccharide-producing 53:76 arg1 bacterium 78:86 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 44:86 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 44:86 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 24021728 1 7 theme polysaccharide-producing 53:76 arg1 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 24021728 6 8 theme sequence 531:538 arg1 analysis 540:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 9 9 theme 16S 1166:1168 arg1 sequences 1180:1188 16S rRNA gene sequences 1166:1188 16S rRNA gene sequences 1166:1188 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 7 10 theme gene 736:739 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 10 theme gene 736:739 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 10 11 theme type 1366:1369 arg1 SE3 1381:1383 SE3 1381:1383 SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)) 1381:1421 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 10 11 theme type 1366:1369 arg1 strain 1371:1376 The type strain 1362:1376 The type strain 1362:1376 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 9 12 theme species 1287:1293 arg1 representative 1263:1276 a representative 1261:1276 a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed 1261:1359 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 6 13 theme Pseudoalteromonas 603:619 arg1 SE3 571:573 strain SE3 564:573 strain SE3(T) 564:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 6 13 theme Pseudoalteromonas 603:619 arg1 member 583:588 a member 581:588 a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas 581:619 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 7 14 theme Strain 622:627 arg1 SE3 629:631 Strain SE3 622:631 Strain SE3(T) 622:634 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 14 theme Strain 622:627 arg1 T 633:633 T 633:633 T 633:633 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 15 theme rRNA 731:734 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 15 theme rRNA 731:734 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 8 16 theme reassociation 878:890 arg1 % 1031:1031 31, 26 and 44 % 1017:1031 % 1031:1031 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 16 theme reassociation 878:890 arg1 values 892:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values 866:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) 866:1010 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 9 17 theme rRNA 1170:1173 arg1 sequences 1180:1188 16S rRNA gene sequences 1166:1188 16S rRNA gene sequences 1166:1188 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 6 18 theme genus 597:601 arg1 Pseudoalteromonas 603:619 the genus Pseudoalteromonas 593:619 the genus Pseudoalteromonas 593:619 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 9 19 theme gene 1175:1178 arg1 sequences 1180:1188 16S rRNA gene sequences 1166:1188 16S rRNA gene sequences 1166:1188 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 8 20 theme P. 953:954 arg1 T 977:977 P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) 953:978 P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) 953:978 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 10 21 theme  = JCM 1389:1394 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 10 21 theme  = JCM 1389:1394 arg1 14852 1413:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852 1389:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T) 1389:1420 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 8 22 theme DNA-DNA 870:876 arg1 % 1031:1031 31, 26 and 44 % 1017:1031 % 1031:1031 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 22 theme DNA-DNA 870:876 arg1 values 892:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values 866:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) 866:1010 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 0 23 theme Pseudoalteromonas 0:16 arg1 shioyasakiensis 18:32 Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 0:32 Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 0:32 Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis sp. 24021728 7 24 theme % 725:725 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 24 theme % 725:725 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 25 theme phylogenetic 652:663 arg1 affinity 665:672 close phylogenetic affinity 646:672 close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 646:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 6 26 theme gene 526:529 arg1 analysis 540:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 8 27 theme JCM 967:969 arg1 T 977:977 P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) 953:978 P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) 953:978 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 7 28 theme 16S 727:729 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 28 theme 16S 727:729 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 3 29 dep Gram-stain-negative 219:237 arg1 aerobic 257:263 aerobic 257:263 aerobic 257:263 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, and required Na(+) for growth. 24021728 3 29 dep Gram-stain-negative 219:237 arg1 Gram-stain-negative 219:237 Gram-stain-negative 219:237 Gram-stain-negative 219:237 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, and required Na(+) for growth. 24021728 3 29 dep Gram-stain-negative 219:237 arg1 strain 208:213 The strain 204:213 The strain 204:213 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, and required Na(+) for growth. 24021728 5 30 theme mol 511:513 arg1 % 514:514 46.9 mol% 506:514 46.9 mol% 506:514 The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 24021728 5 30 theme mol 511:513 arg1 content 494:500 The DNA G+C content 482:500 The DNA G+C content 482:500 The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 24021728 9 31 theme DNA-DNA 1194:1200 arg1 data 1214:1217 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1194:1217 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1194:1217 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 6 32 theme 16S 517:519 arg1 analysis 540:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 8 33 theme SE3 914:916 arg1 T 949:949 T 949:949 T 949:949 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 33 theme SE3 914:916 arg1 T 918:918 strain SE3(T) 907:919 strain SE3(T) 907:919 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 33 theme SE3 914:916 arg1 T 1009:1009 T 1009:1009 T 1009:1009 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 9 34 theme name 1310:1313 arg1 shioyasakiensis 1333:1347 the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 1306:1347 the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 1306:1347 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 9 35 theme relatedness 1202:1212 arg1 data 1214:1217 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1194:1217 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1194:1217 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 7 36 theme arabiensis 695:704 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 36 theme arabiensis 695:704 arg1 T 716:716 T 716:716 T 716:716 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 36 theme arabiensis 695:704 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 5 37 theme G+C 490:492 arg1 % 514:514 46.9 mol% 506:514 46.9 mol% 506:514 The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 24021728 5 37 theme G+C 490:492 arg1 content 494:500 The DNA G+C content 482:500 The DNA G+C content 482:500 The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 24021728 2 38 theme Ocean 188:192 arg1 sediment 194:201 Pacific Ocean sediment 180:201 Pacific Ocean sediment 180:201 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 9 39 theme Pseudoalteromonas 1315:1331 arg1 shioyasakiensis 1333:1347 the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 1306:1347 the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 1306:1347 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 10 40 theme 18891 1396:1400 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 10 40 theme 18891 1396:1400 arg1 14852 1413:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852 1389:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T) 1389:1420 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 4 41 dep C16  446:449 arg1  1ω7c 475:479  1ω7c 475:479  1ω7c 475:479 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 4 41 dep C16  446:449 arg1 C18  470:473 C18  470:473 C18  470:473 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 4 41 dep C16  446:449 arg1  0 463:464  0 463:464  0 463:464 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 4 41 dep C16  446:449 arg1 C16  458:461 C16  458:461 C16  458:461 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 2 42 theme Pacific 180:186 arg1 sediment 194:201 Pacific Ocean sediment 180:201 Pacific Ocean sediment 180:201 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 7 43 theme lipolytica 781:790 arg1 % 810:810 98.39 % 804:810 98.39 % 804:810 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 43 theme lipolytica 781:790 arg1 LMEB 792:795 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39 763:798 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) 763:811 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 43 theme lipolytica 781:790 arg1 T 800:800 T 800:800 T 800:800 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 2 44 attach isolated 166:173 arg2 bacterium 125:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 89:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 89:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 2 44 attach isolated 166:173 arg1 sediment 194:201 Pacific Ocean sediment 180:201 Pacific Ocean sediment 180:201 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 9 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1103:1116 arg1 characteristics 1118:1132 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1132 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1132 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 8 46 theme 31 1017:1018 arg1 % 1031:1031 31, 26 and 44 % 1017:1031 % 1031:1031 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 46 theme 31 1017:1018 arg1 values 892:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values 866:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) 866:1010 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 47 theme donghaensis 987:997 arg1 LMG 999:1001 P. donghaensis LMG 24469 984:1007 P. donghaensis LMG 24469 984:1007 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 7 48 theme Pseudoalteromonas 677:693 arg1 JCM 706:708 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292 677:714 Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 677:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 48 theme Pseudoalteromonas 677:693 arg1 T 716:716 T 716:716 T 716:716 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 48 theme Pseudoalteromonas 677:693 arg1 similarity 750:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 720:759 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 5 49 theme DNA 486:488 arg1 % 514:514 46.9 mol% 506:514 46.9 mol% 506:514 The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 24021728 5 49 theme DNA 486:488 arg1 content 494:500 The DNA G+C content 482:500 The DNA G+C content 482:500 The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 24021728 9 50 theme new 1224:1226 arg1 merits 1236:1241 the new isolate merits 1220:1241 the new isolate merits 1220:1241 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 8 51 theme P. 984:985 arg1 LMG 999:1001 P. donghaensis LMG 24469 984:1007 P. donghaensis LMG 24469 984:1007 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 2 52 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 97:123 arg1 bacterium 125:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 89:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 89:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 4 53 theme cellular 398:405 arg1 profile 418:424 its cellular fatty acid profile 394:424 its cellular fatty acid profile 394:424 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 9 54 from differences 1073:1083 arg1 characteristics 1118:1132 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1132 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1132 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 4 55 theme isoprenoid 347:356 arg1 quinone 358:364 Its major isoprenoid quinone 337:364 Its major isoprenoid quinone 337:364 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 9 56 theme isolate 1228:1234 arg1 merits 1236:1241 the new isolate merits 1220:1241 the new isolate merits 1220:1241 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 2 57 theme novel 91:95 arg1 bacterium 125:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 89:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 89:133 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain SE3(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 24021728 10 58 theme T 1402:1402 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 10 58 theme T 1402:1402 arg1 14852 1413:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852 1389:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T) 1389:1420 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 4 59 theme major 341:345 arg1 quinone 358:364 Its major isoprenoid quinone 337:364 Its major isoprenoid quinone 337:364 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 9 60 theme novel 1281:1285 arg1 species 1287:1293 novel species 1281:1293 novel species 1281:1293 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 8 61 theme P. 925:926 arg1 17292 943:947 P. arabiensis JCM 17292 925:947 P. arabiensis JCM 17292 925:947 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 4 62 theme acid 413:416 arg1 profile 418:424 its cellular fatty acid profile 394:424 its cellular fatty acid profile 394:424 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 0 63 dep sp 34:35 arg1 shioyasakiensis 18:32 Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 0:32 Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis 0:32 Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis sp. 24021728 8 64 theme 44  1028:1030 arg1 % 1031:1031 31, 26 and 44 % 1017:1031 % 1031:1031 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 8 64 theme 44  1028:1030 arg1 values 892:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values 866:897 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) 866:1010 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 7 65 theme Pseudoalteromonas 763:779 arg1 % 810:810 98.39 % 804:810 98.39 % 804:810 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 65 theme Pseudoalteromonas 763:779 arg1 LMEB 792:795 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39 763:798 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) 763:811 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 65 theme Pseudoalteromonas 763:779 arg1 T 800:800 T 800:800 T 800:800 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 66 theme close 646:650 arg1 affinity 665:672 close phylogenetic affinity 646:672 close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 646:760 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 4 67 theme fatty 407:411 arg1 profile 418:424 its cellular fatty acid profile 394:424 its cellular fatty acid profile 394:424 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. 24021728 6 68 theme rRNA 521:524 arg1 analysis 540:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 517:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 6 69 theme strain 564:569 arg1 SE3 571:573 strain SE3 564:573 strain SE3(T) 564:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 6 69 theme strain 564:569 arg1 member 583:588 a member 581:588 a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas 581:619 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 6 69 theme strain 564:569 arg1 T 575:575 T 575:575 T 575:575 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain SE3(T) is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. 24021728 9 70 theme phylogenetic 1135:1146 arg1 analysis 1148:1155 phylogenetic analysis 1135:1155 phylogenetic analysis 1135:1155 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 24021728 8 71 theme JCM 939:941 arg1 17292 943:947 P. arabiensis JCM 17292 925:947 P. arabiensis JCM 17292 925:947 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain SE3(T) and P. arabiensis JCM 17292(T), P. lipolytica JCM 15903(T) and P. donghaensis LMG 24469(T) were 31, 26 and 44 %, respectively. 24021728 10 72 theme  = NCIMB 1404:1411 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 10 72 theme  = NCIMB 1404:1411 arg1 14852 1413:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852 1389:1417  = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T) 1389:1420 The type strain is SE3(T) ( = JCM 18891(T) = NCIMB 14852(T)). 24021728 1 73 theme marine 46:51 arg1 bacterium 78:86 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 44:86 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 44:86 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 24021728 1 73 theme marine 46:51 arg1 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 24021728 7 74 theme Pseudoalteromonas 817:833 arg1 % 862:862 97.65 % 856:862 97.65 % 856:862 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 74 theme Pseudoalteromonas 817:833 arg1 donghaensis 835:845 Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51 817:850 Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %) 817:863 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 7 74 theme Pseudoalteromonas 817:833 arg1 T 852:852 T 852:852 T 852:852 Strain SE3(T) exhibited close phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis JCM 17292(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39(T) (98.39 %) and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis HJ51(T) (97.65 %). 24021728 9 75 theme phenotypic 1088:1097 arg1 characteristics 1118:1132 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1132 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1132 Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the new isolate merits classification as a representative of novel species, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis is proposed. 27226343 6 0 theme aphid 1030:1034 arg1 genotype 1036:1043 important aphid genotype and host plant interactions 1020:1071 genotype 1036:1043 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 3 1 theme ant 480:482 arg1 melezitose 509:518 the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose 476:518 the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes 476:580 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 3 2 theme large 539:543 arg1 variation 545:553 especially large variation 528:553 especially large variation across different genotypes 528:580 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 1 3 theme multiple 147:154 arg1 plants 161:166 multiple host plants 147:166 multiple host plants across genera 147:180 Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. 27226343 7 4 theme host 1335:1338 arg1 plants 1340:1345 the different host plants 1321:1345 the different host plants 1321:1345 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 4 5 theme aphid 665:669 arg1 honeydew 671:678 aphid honeydew 665:678 aphid honeydew 665:678 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 5 6 theme bean 843:846 arg1 fabae 860:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 7 theme melezitose 799:808 arg1 genotypes 820:828 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes 793:828 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes 793:828 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 2 8 theme host 186:189 arg1 species 197:203 host plant species 186:203 host plant species 186:203 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 1 9 theme Aphid 102:106 arg1 species 108:114 Aphid species 102:114 Aphid species 102:114 Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. 27226343 5 10 theme common 883:888 arg1 beet 926:929 beet 926:929 beet 926:929 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 10 theme common 883:888 arg1 poppy 936:940 poppy 936:940 poppy 936:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 10 theme common 883:888 arg1 goosefoot 915:923 goosefoot 915:923 goosefoot 915:923 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 10 theme common 883:888 arg1 plants 895:900 4 common host plants 881:900 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy 881:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 10 theme common 883:888 arg1 bean 909:912 broad bean 903:912 broad bean 903:912 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 6 11 theme carbohydrate 947:958 arg1 composition 960:970 The carbohydrate composition 943:970 The carbohydrate composition 943:970 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 8 12 theme honeydew 1397:1404 arg1 composition 1406:1416 aphid honeydew composition 1391:1416 aphid honeydew composition 1391:1416 On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. 27226343 6 13 theme host 1131:1134 arg1 plant 1136:1140 1 host plant 1129:1140 1 host plant 1129:1140 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 7 14 theme fitness 1222:1228 arg1 measurements 1230:1241 the fitness measurements 1218:1241 the fitness measurements 1218:1241 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 5 15 theme Aphis 854:858 arg1 fabae 860:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 4 16 theme host 756:759 arg1 plants 761:766 particular host plants 745:766 particular host plants 745:766 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 9 17 from specialization 1568:1581 arg1 aphids 1586:1591 aphids 1586:1591 aphids 1586:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 8 18 theme herbivore-plant 1443:1457 arg1 interactions 1459:1470 complex herbivore-plant interactions 1435:1470 complex herbivore-plant interactions 1435:1470 On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. 27226343 3 19 theme carbohydrates 420:432 arg1 composition 392:402 the composition 388:402 the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 388:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 0 20 theme Aphis 89:93 arg1 fabae 95:99 Aphis fabae 89:99 Aphis fabae 89:99 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 7 21 from differences 1279:1289 arg1 fitness 1306:1312 the average fitness 1294:1312 the average fitness 1294:1312 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 3 22 theme genotype 366:373 arg1 variation 375:383 significant intraspecific genotype variation 340:383 significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 340:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 4 23 theme aphid 726:730 arg1 genotypes 732:740 specific aphid genotypes 717:740 specific aphid genotypes 717:740 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 0 24 from composition 74:84 arg1 fitness 53:59 fitness 53:59 fitness 53:59 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 9 25 theme findings 1507:1514 arg1 relevance 1488:1496 the relevance 1484:1496 the relevance of these findings 1484:1514 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 6 26 theme melezitose 991:1000 arg1 secretion 1002:1010 particular melezitose secretion 980:1010 particular melezitose secretion 980:1010 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 3 27 theme significant 340:350 arg1 variation 375:383 significant intraspecific genotype variation 340:383 significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 340:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 3 28 theme bean 447:450 arg1 fabae 464:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 5 29 theme broad 903:907 arg1 plants 895:900 4 common host plants 881:900 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy 881:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 29 theme broad 903:907 arg1 bean 909:912 broad bean 903:912 broad bean 903:912 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 9 30 from context 1523:1529 arg1 aphids 1586:1591 aphids 1586:1591 aphids 1586:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 0 31 theme plants 19:24 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 0:100 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 0 32 theme genotype 29:36 arg1 variability 38:48 genotype variability 29:48 genotype variability in fitness 29:59 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 9 33 theme mutualisms 1544:1553 arg1 context 1523:1529 the context 1519:1529 the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids 1519:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 3 34 theme Aphis 458:462 arg1 fabae 464:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 9 35 theme adaptive 1559:1566 arg1 specialization 1568:1581 adaptive specialization 1559:1581 adaptive specialization in aphids 1559:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 6 36 theme host 1049:1052 arg1 interactions 1060:1071 important aphid genotype and host plant interactions 1020:1071 interactions 1060:1071 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 3 37 theme attractant 484:493 arg1 melezitose 509:518 the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose 476:518 the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes 476:580 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 7 38 theme interaction 1175:1185 arg1 effects 1187:1193 the interaction effects 1171:1193 the interaction effects 1171:1193 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 2 39 contain have 209:212 arg1 species 197:203 host plant species 186:203 host plant species 186:203 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 2 39 contain have 209:212 arg2 variation 220:228 large variation 214:228 large variation in their phloem composition 214:256 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 6 40 theme important 1020:1028 arg1 genotype 1036:1043 important aphid genotype and host plant interactions 1020:1071 genotype 1036:1043 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 2 41 theme aphid 275:279 arg1 fitness 281:287 aphid fitness 275:287 aphid fitness 275:287 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 2 42 theme phloem 239:244 arg1 composition 246:256 their phloem composition 233:256 their phloem composition 233:256 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 5 43 theme black 837:841 arg1 fabae 860:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 6 44 theme high 1100:1103 arg1 melezitose 1105:1114 high melezitose 1100:1114 high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another 1100:1159 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 4 45 theme carbohydrate 637:648 arg1 composition 650:660 carbohydrate composition 637:660 carbohydrate composition 637:660 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 4 46 attach linked 689:694 arg2 variation 609:617 variation 609:617 variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew 609:678 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 4 46 attach linked 689:694 arg1 adaptation 703:712 the adaptation 699:712 the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants 699:766 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 3 47 theme different 562:570 arg1 genotypes 572:580 different genotypes 562:580 different genotypes 562:580 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 1 48 theme host 156:159 arg1 plants 161:166 multiple host plants 147:166 multiple host plants across genera 147:180 Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. 27226343 8 49 theme complex 1435:1441 arg1 interactions 1459:1470 complex herbivore-plant interactions 1435:1470 complex herbivore-plant interactions 1435:1470 On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. 27226343 5 50 theme low 795:797 arg1 genotypes 820:828 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes 793:828 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes 793:828 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 7 51 theme different 1325:1333 arg1 plants 1340:1345 the different host plants 1321:1345 the different host plants 1321:1345 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 4 52 from variation 609:617 arg1 melezitose 622:631 melezitose 622:631 melezitose 622:631 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 4 52 from variation 609:617 arg1 composition 650:660 carbohydrate composition 637:660 carbohydrate composition 637:660 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 5 53 theme secreting 810:818 arg1 genotypes 820:828 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes 793:828 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes 793:828 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 2 54 theme plant 191:195 arg1 species 197:203 host plant species 186:203 host plant species 186:203 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 9 55 from aphids 1586:1591 arg1 context 1523:1529 the context 1519:1529 the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids 1519:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 8 56 theme aphid 1391:1395 arg1 composition 1406:1416 aphid honeydew composition 1391:1416 aphid honeydew composition 1391:1416 On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. 27226343 7 57 theme average 1298:1304 arg1 fitness 1306:1312 the average fitness 1294:1312 the average fitness 1294:1312 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 2 58 theme large 214:218 arg1 variation 220:228 large variation 214:228 large variation in their phloem composition 214:256 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 5 59 theme aphid 848:852 arg1 fabae 860:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 833:864 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 7 60 theme significant 1267:1277 arg1 differences 1279:1289 significant differences 1267:1289 significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants 1267:1345 However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. 27226343 4 61 theme honeydew 671:678 arg1 melezitose 622:631 melezitose 622:631 melezitose 622:631 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 4 61 theme honeydew 671:678 arg1 composition 650:660 carbohydrate composition 637:660 carbohydrate composition 637:660 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 0 62 theme honeydew 65:72 arg1 composition 74:84 honeydew composition 65:84 honeydew composition of Aphis fabae 65:99 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 5 63 theme fabae 860:864 arg1 high 784:787 high 784:787 high 784:787 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 0 64 from effect 4:9 arg1 composition 74:84 honeydew composition 65:84 honeydew composition of Aphis fabae 65:99 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 0 64 from effect 4:9 arg1 variability 38:48 genotype variability 29:48 genotype variability in fitness 29:59 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 5 65 dep plants 895:900 arg1 beet 926:929 beet 926:929 beet 926:929 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 65 dep plants 895:900 arg1 poppy 936:940 poppy 936:940 poppy 936:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 65 dep plants 895:900 arg1 goosefoot 915:923 goosefoot 915:923 goosefoot 915:923 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 65 dep plants 895:900 arg1 plants 895:900 4 common host plants 881:900 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy 881:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 65 dep plants 895:900 arg1 bean 909:912 broad bean 903:912 broad bean 903:912 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 0 66 from variability 38:48 arg1 fitness 53:59 fitness 53:59 fitness 53:59 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 4 67 theme particular 745:754 arg1 plants 761:766 particular host plants 745:766 particular host plants 745:766 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 0 68 theme fabae 95:99 arg1 composition 74:84 honeydew composition 65:84 honeydew composition of Aphis fabae 65:99 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 0 68 theme fabae 95:99 arg1 variability 38:48 genotype variability 29:48 genotype variability in fitness 29:59 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 3 69 theme Previous 315:322 arg1 research 324:331 Previous research 315:331 Previous research 315:331 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 3 70 from variation 375:383 arg1 composition 392:402 the composition 388:402 the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 388:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 5 71 theme host 890:893 arg1 beet 926:929 beet 926:929 beet 926:929 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 71 theme host 890:893 arg1 poppy 936:940 poppy 936:940 poppy 936:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 71 theme host 890:893 arg1 goosefoot 915:923 goosefoot 915:923 goosefoot 915:923 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 71 theme host 890:893 arg1 plants 895:900 4 common host plants 881:900 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy 881:940 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 5 71 theme host 890:893 arg1 bean 909:912 broad bean 903:912 broad bean 903:912 To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae were reared on 4 common host plants: broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. 27226343 4 72 theme specific 717:724 arg1 genotypes 732:740 specific aphid genotypes 717:740 specific aphid genotypes 717:740 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 3 73 theme honeydew 411:418 arg1 carbohydrates 420:432 the honeydew carbohydrates 407:432 the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 407:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 0 74 theme host 14:17 arg1 plants 19:24 host plants 14:24 host plants 14:24 The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae. 27226343 9 75 from mutualisms 1544:1553 arg1 aphids 1586:1591 aphids 1586:1591 aphids 1586:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 6 76 theme particular 980:989 arg1 secretion 1002:1010 particular melezitose secretion 980:1010 particular melezitose secretion 980:1010 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 3 77 theme intraspecific 352:364 arg1 variation 375:383 significant intraspecific genotype variation 340:383 significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 340:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 4 78 theme genotypes 732:740 arg1 adaptation 703:712 the adaptation 699:712 the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants 699:766 In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adaptation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. 27226343 3 79 theme aphid 452:456 arg1 fabae 464:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 2 80 from variation 220:228 arg1 composition 246:256 their phloem composition 233:256 their phloem composition 233:256 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 3 81 theme black 441:445 arg1 fabae 464:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 437:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 9 82 theme ant-aphid 1534:1542 arg1 mutualisms 1544:1553 ant-aphid mutualisms 1534:1553 ant-aphid mutualisms 1534:1553 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 2 83 theme honeydew 293:300 arg1 composition 302:312 honeydew composition 293:312 honeydew composition 293:312 As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. 27226343 6 84 theme plant 1054:1058 arg1 interactions 1060:1071 important aphid genotype and host plant interactions 1020:1071 interactions 1060:1071 The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant interactions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. 27226343 3 85 theme fabae 464:468 arg1 carbohydrates 420:432 the honeydew carbohydrates 407:432 the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae 407:468 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 27226343 9 86 theme specialization 1568:1581 arg1 context 1523:1529 the context 1519:1529 the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids 1519:1591 We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids. 27226343 3 87 theme trisaccharide 495:507 arg1 melezitose 509:518 the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose 476:518 the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes 476:580 Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. 28646683 9 0 theme low 1251:1253 arg1 hazard 1260:1265 a low fire hazard 1249:1265 a low fire hazard 1249:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 9 1 theme PVC 1224:1226 arg1 composite 1228:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite 1188:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard 1188:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 3 2 theme flame 446:450 arg1 retardant 452:460 the traditional flame retardant 430:460 the traditional flame retardant 430:460 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 2 theme flame 446:450 arg1 trioxide 472:479 antimony trioxide 463:479 antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) 463:487 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 2 theme flame 446:450 arg1 harmful 505:511 harmful 505:511 harmful 505:511 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 1 3 theme tin 219:221 arg1 wastewater 231:240 tin plating wastewater 219:240 tin plating wastewater 219:240 As a naturally abundant biopolymer, chitosan is considered to be a suitable adsorbent for stannate (SnO32-) in tin plating wastewater. 28646683 1 4 theme plating 223:229 arg1 wastewater 231:240 tin plating wastewater 219:240 tin plating wastewater 219:240 As a naturally abundant biopolymer, chitosan is considered to be a suitable adsorbent for stannate (SnO32-) in tin plating wastewater. 28646683 0 5 theme metal 89:93 arg1 biosorbents 95:105 heavy metal biosorbents 83:105 heavy metal biosorbents 83:105 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 3 6 theme flexible 337:344 arg1 poly 346:349 flexible poly 337:349 flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 337:371 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 6 theme flexible 337:344 arg1 chloride 357:364 vinyl chloride 351:364 vinyl chloride 351:364 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 6 theme flexible 337:344 arg1 PVC 368:370 PVC 368:370 PVC 368:370 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 9 7 theme eco-friendly 1191:1202 arg1 composite 1228:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite 1188:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard 1188:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 9 8 theme fire 1255:1258 arg1 hazard 1260:1265 a low fire hazard 1249:1265 a low fire hazard 1249:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 2 9 theme mass 252:255 arg1 transfer 257:264 mass transfer 252:264 mass transfer of the adsorbent 252:281 However, mass transfer of the adsorbent and its recycling remain challenging problems. 28646683 7 10 dep reducing 887:894 arg1 addition 875:882 addition 875:882 addition 875:882 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 8 11 theme modified 1070:1077 arg1 fPVC 1079:1082 modified fPVC 1070:1082 modified fPVC 1070:1082 Meanwhile, the tensile properties of modified fPVC were enhanced compared with those of the Sb2O3-treated sample. 28646683 9 12 theme Sb2O3-free 1204:1213 arg1 composite 1228:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite 1188:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard 1188:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 7 13 theme gas 980:982 arg1 content 943:949 the content 939:949 the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC 939:1030 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 4 14 theme resin 575:579 arg1 surface 560:566 the surface 556:566 the surface of PVC resin 556:579 In this study, chitosan was anchored onto the surface of PVC resin to adsorb SnO32- from wastewater. 28646683 0 15 theme biosorbents 95:105 arg1 reutilization 66:78 reutilization 66:78 reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents 66:105 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 6 16 theme fPVC 793:796 arg1 value 771:775 The limiting oxygen index value 745:775 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC 745:796 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 4 17 theme PVC 571:573 arg1 resin 575:579 PVC resin 571:579 PVC resin 571:579 In this study, chitosan was anchored onto the surface of PVC resin to adsorb SnO32- from wastewater. 28646683 3 18 theme vinyl 351:355 arg1 poly 346:349 flexible poly 337:349 flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 337:371 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 18 theme vinyl 351:355 arg1 chloride 357:364 vinyl chloride 351:364 vinyl chloride 351:364 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 6 19 theme modified 784:791 arg1 fPVC 793:796 the modified fPVC 780:796 the modified fPVC 780:796 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 7 20 theme hydrogen 962:969 arg1 gas 980:982 harmful hydrogen chloride gas 954:982 harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC 954:1030 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 5 21 theme modified 729:736 arg1 composite 718:726 a flexible PVC composite 703:726 a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC) 703:742 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 5 21 theme modified 729:736 arg1 fPVC 738:741 modified fPVC 729:741 modified fPVC 729:741 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 9 22 theme composite 1228:1236 arg1 synthesis 1175:1183 the synthesis 1171:1183 the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard 1171:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 7 23 theme chloride 971:978 arg1 gas 980:982 harmful hydrogen chloride gas 954:982 harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC 954:1030 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 2 24 theme adsorbent 273:281 arg1 transfer 257:264 mass transfer 252:264 mass transfer of the adsorbent 252:281 However, mass transfer of the adsorbent and its recycling remain challenging problems. 28646683 2 24 theme adsorbent 273:281 arg1 recycling 291:299 its recycling 287:299 its recycling 287:299 However, mass transfer of the adsorbent and its recycling remain challenging problems. 28646683 8 25 theme Sb2O3-treated 1125:1137 arg1 sample 1139:1144 the Sb2O3-treated sample 1121:1144 the Sb2O3-treated sample 1121:1144 Meanwhile, the tensile properties of modified fPVC were enhanced compared with those of the Sb2O3-treated sample. 28646683 0 26 theme flexible 31:38 arg1 poly 40:43 low-fire-hazard flexible poly 15:43 low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) 15:60 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 0 26 theme flexible 31:38 arg1 chloride 52:59 vinyl chloride 46:59 vinyl chloride 46:59 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 0 27 theme low-fire-hazard 15:29 arg1 poly 40:43 low-fire-hazard flexible poly 15:43 low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) 15:60 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 0 27 theme low-fire-hazard 15:29 arg1 chloride 52:59 vinyl chloride 46:59 vinyl chloride 46:59 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 7 28 theme harmful 954:960 arg1 gas 980:982 harmful hydrogen chloride gas 954:982 harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC 954:1030 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 5 29 theme tin-doped 627:635 arg1 resin 657:661 tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin 627:661 tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin 627:661 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 5 30 theme chitosan-coated 637:651 arg1 resin 657:661 tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin 627:661 tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin 627:661 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 0 31 theme poly 40:43 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 0:106 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 6 32 theme release 836:842 arg1 rate 844:847 the peak heat release rate 822:847 the peak heat release rate 822:847 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 5 33 theme flexible 705:712 arg1 composite 718:726 a flexible PVC composite 703:726 a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC) 703:742 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 5 33 theme flexible 705:712 arg1 fPVC 738:741 modified fPVC 729:741 modified fPVC 729:741 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 8 34 theme tensile 1048:1054 arg1 Meanwhile 1033:1041 Meanwhile 1033:1041 Meanwhile 1033:1041 Meanwhile, the tensile properties of modified fPVC were enhanced compared with those of the Sb2O3-treated sample. 28646683 8 34 theme tensile 1048:1054 arg1 properties 1056:1065 the tensile properties 1044:1065 the tensile properties of modified fPVC 1044:1082 Meanwhile, the tensile properties of modified fPVC were enhanced compared with those of the Sb2O3-treated sample. 28646683 5 35 theme PVC 714:716 arg1 composite 718:726 a flexible PVC composite 703:726 a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC) 703:742 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 5 35 theme PVC 714:716 arg1 fPVC 738:741 modified fPVC 729:741 modified fPVC 729:741 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 5 36 theme PVC 653:655 arg1 resin 657:661 tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin 627:661 tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin 627:661 Thereafter, tin-doped chitosan-coated PVC resin was readily recycled and processed into a flexible PVC composite (modified fPVC). 28646683 6 37 theme index 765:769 arg1 value 771:775 The limiting oxygen index value 745:775 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC 745:796 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 1 38 from stannate 198:205 arg1 wastewater 231:240 tin plating wastewater 219:240 tin plating wastewater 219:240 As a naturally abundant biopolymer, chitosan is considered to be a suitable adsorbent for stannate (SnO32-) in tin plating wastewater. 28646683 2 39 theme challenging 308:318 arg1 problems 320:327 challenging problems 308:327 challenging problems 308:327 However, mass transfer of the adsorbent and its recycling remain challenging problems. 28646683 0 40 theme vinyl 46:50 arg1 poly 40:43 low-fire-hazard flexible poly 15:43 low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) 15:60 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 0 40 theme vinyl 46:50 arg1 chloride 52:59 vinyl chloride 46:59 vinyl chloride 46:59 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 28646683 6 41 theme peak 826:829 arg1 rate 844:847 the peak heat release rate 822:847 the peak heat release rate 822:847 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 6 42 theme oxygen 758:763 arg1 value 771:775 The limiting oxygen index value 745:775 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC 745:796 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 3 43 theme traditional 434:444 arg1 retardant 452:460 the traditional flame retardant 430:460 the traditional flame retardant 430:460 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 43 theme traditional 434:444 arg1 trioxide 472:479 antimony trioxide 463:479 antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) 463:487 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 43 theme traditional 434:444 arg1 harmful 505:511 harmful 505:511 harmful 505:511 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 9 44 theme flexible 1215:1222 arg1 composite 1228:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite 1188:1236 an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard 1188:1265 These results indicated the synthesis of an eco-friendly Sb2O3-free flexible PVC composite that poses a low fire hazard. 28646683 6 45 theme limiting 749:756 arg1 value 771:775 The limiting oxygen index value 745:775 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC 745:796 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 7 46 theme fPVC 1027:1030 arg1 combustion 1004:1013 the combustion 1000:1013 the combustion of modified fPVC 1000:1030 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 7 47 theme fire 896:899 arg1 hazards 901:907 fire hazards 896:907 fire hazards 896:907 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 3 48 theme plasticizers 416:427 arg1 addition 404:411 the addition 400:411 the addition of plasticizers 400:427 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 1 49 theme abundant 123:130 arg1 chitosan 144:151 chitosan 144:151 chitosan 144:151 As a naturally abundant biopolymer, chitosan is considered to be a suitable adsorbent for stannate (SnO32-) in tin plating wastewater. 28646683 1 49 theme abundant 123:130 arg1 biopolymer 132:141 a naturally abundant biopolymer 111:141 a naturally abundant biopolymer 111:141 As a naturally abundant biopolymer, chitosan is considered to be a suitable adsorbent for stannate (SnO32-) in tin plating wastewater. 28646683 7 50 theme modified 1018:1025 arg1 fPVC 1027:1030 modified fPVC 1018:1030 modified fPVC 1018:1030 In addition to reducing fire hazards, this approach also decreased the content of harmful hydrogen chloride gas released during the combustion of modified fPVC. 28646683 8 51 theme fPVC 1079:1082 arg1 Meanwhile 1033:1041 Meanwhile 1033:1041 Meanwhile 1033:1041 Meanwhile, the tensile properties of modified fPVC were enhanced compared with those of the Sb2O3-treated sample. 28646683 8 51 theme fPVC 1079:1082 arg1 properties 1056:1065 the tensile properties 1044:1065 the tensile properties of modified fPVC 1044:1082 Meanwhile, the tensile properties of modified fPVC were enhanced compared with those of the Sb2O3-treated sample. 28646683 3 52 theme antimony 463:470 arg1 Sb2O3 482:486 Sb2O3 482:486 Sb2O3 482:486 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 52 theme antimony 463:470 arg1 retardant 452:460 the traditional flame retardant 430:460 the traditional flame retardant 430:460 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 3 52 theme antimony 463:470 arg1 trioxide 472:479 antimony trioxide 463:479 antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) 463:487 Though flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is highly flammable due to the addition of plasticizers, the traditional flame retardant, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), is potentially harmful. 28646683 6 53 theme heat 831:834 arg1 rate 844:847 the peak heat release rate 822:847 the peak heat release rate 822:847 The limiting oxygen index value of the modified fPVC increased to 33.1%, and the peak heat release rate decreased to 161kW/m2. 28646683 0 54 theme heavy 83:87 arg1 biosorbents 95:105 heavy metal biosorbents 83:105 heavy metal biosorbents 83:105 Fabrication of low-fire-hazard flexible poly (vinyl chloride) via reutilization of heavy metal biosorbents. 25957701 3 0 theme SDS-PAGE 517:524 arg1 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra 511:553 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 1 1 theme labile 276:281 arg1 protein 283:289 a labile protein 274:289 a labile protein 274:289 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 10 2 theme composite 1638:1646 arg1 particles 1648:1656 composite particles 1638:1656 composite particles 1638:1656 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 1 3 from solution 319:326 arg1 trypsin 298:304 trypsin 298:304 trypsin from aqueous solution 298:326 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 9 4 theme FITC-labeled 1454:1465 arg1 microparticles 1491:1504 FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1454:1504 FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1454:1504 Finally, the distribution of the protein within the particles was characterized through CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles. 25957701 1 5 theme Supercritical 132:144 arg1 atomization 161:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 132:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 132:227 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 8 6 theme microparticles 1256:1269 arg1 profiles 1230:1237 The protein release profiles 1210:1237 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles 1210:1269 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 3 7 theme fluorescence 534:545 arg1 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra 511:553 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 9 8 theme chitosan 1482:1489 arg1 microparticles 1491:1504 FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1454:1504 FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1454:1504 Finally, the distribution of the protein within the particles was characterized through CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles. 25957701 10 9 theme aqueous 1676:1682 arg1 solutions 1684:1692 aqueous solutions 1676:1692 aqueous solutions 1676:1692 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 7 10 theme prepared 1113:1120 arg1 particles 1122:1130 The SAA-HCM prepared particles 1101:1130 The SAA-HCM prepared particles 1101:1130 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 7 10 theme prepared 1113:1120 arg1 amorphous 1137:1145 amorphous 1137:1145 amorphous 1137:1145 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 8 11 theme protein 1214:1220 arg1 profiles 1230:1237 The protein release profiles 1210:1237 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles 1210:1269 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 6 12 theme Non-coalescing 985:998 arg1 microparticles 1020:1033 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles 985:1033 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) 985:1080 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 10 13 theme formulations 1658:1669 arg1 production 1596:1605 production 1596:1605 production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions 1596:1692 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 5 14 theme chitosan 831:838 arg1 weight 850:855 chitosan molecular weight 831:855 chitosan molecular weight 831:855 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 10 15 theme delivery 1703:1710 arg1 systems 1712:1718 drug delivery systems 1698:1718 drug delivery systems 1698:1718 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 5 16 theme weight 850:855 arg1 influences 817:826 The influences 813:826 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution 813:954 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 1 17 theme fluid 146:150 arg1 atomization 161:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 132:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 132:227 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 6 18 with microparticles 1020:1033 arg1 distribution 1058:1069 a narrow particle distribution 1040:1069 a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) 1040:1080 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 6 18 with microparticles 1020:1033 arg1 μm 1078:1079 0.2-3 μm 1072:1079 0.2-3 μm 1072:1079 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 8 19 theme Franz 1327:1331 arg1 cell 1343:1346 a Franz diffusion cell 1325:1346 a Franz diffusion cell 1325:1346 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 5 20 theme size 938:941 arg1 distribution 943:954 size distribution 938:954 size distribution 938:954 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 5 21 theme concentration 893:905 arg1 influences 817:826 The influences 813:826 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution 813:954 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 6 22 theme narrow 1042:1047 arg1 distribution 1058:1069 a narrow particle distribution 1040:1069 a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) 1040:1080 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 6 22 theme narrow 1042:1047 arg1 μm 1078:1079 0.2-3 μm 1072:1079 0.2-3 μm 1072:1079 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 0 23 theme trypsin 77:83 arg1 powders 55:61 micrometric powders 43:61 micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles 43:129 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 1 24 theme organic 347:353 arg1 solvents 355:362 any organic solvents 343:362 any organic solvents 343:362 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 1 25 theme hydrodynamic 189:200 arg1 SAA-HCM 220:226 SAA-HCM 220:226 SAA-HCM 220:226 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 1 25 theme hydrodynamic 189:200 arg1 mixer 213:217 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer 187:217 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 187:227 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 0 26 theme chitosan/trypsin 89:104 arg1 microparticles 116:129 the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles 66:129 microparticles 116:129 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 6 27 theme composite 1010:1018 arg1 microparticles 1020:1033 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles 985:1033 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) 985:1080 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 4 28 theme trypsin 759:765 arg1 microparticles 777:790 trypsin composite microparticles 759:790 trypsin composite microparticles 759:790 Besides, chitosan was selected as the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process. 25957701 0 29 theme microparticles 116:129 arg1 powders 55:61 micrometric powders 43:61 micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles 43:129 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 10 30 theme SAA-HCM 1511:1517 arg1 process 1519:1525 The SAA-HCM process 1507:1525 The SAA-HCM process 1507:1525 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 10 30 theme SAA-HCM 1511:1517 arg1 technique 1582:1590 a protein-friendly and promising technique 1549:1590 a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems 1549:1718 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 0 31 theme Supercritical 0:12 arg1 production 29:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production 0:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 0:130 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 4 32 from carrier 727:733 arg1 effort 741:746 an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process 738:810 an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process 738:810 Besides, chitosan was selected as the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process. 25957701 0 33 theme assisted 20:27 arg1 production 29:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production 0:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 0:130 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 2 34 theme different 431:439 arg1 conditions 449:458 different process conditions 431:458 different process conditions 431:458 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 9 35 theme trypsin-loaded 1467:1480 arg1 microparticles 1491:1504 FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1454:1504 FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1454:1504 Finally, the distribution of the protein within the particles was characterized through CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles. 25957701 1 36 theme aqueous 311:317 arg1 solution 319:326 aqueous solution 311:326 aqueous solution 311:326 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 7 37 dep % 1207:1207 arg1 90 1205:1206 90 1205:1206 90 1205:1206 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 0 38 theme powders 55:61 arg1 production 29:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production 0:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 0:130 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 2 39 dep 4 505:505 arg1 to 502:503 to 502:503 to 502:503 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 3 40 theme activity 671:678 arg1 % 651:651 above 70% 643:651 above 70% of the biological activity 643:678 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 3 40 theme activity 671:678 arg1 activity 671:678 the biological activity 656:678 the biological activity 656:678 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 10 41 theme protein 1610:1616 arg1 formulations 1658:1669 protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations 1610:1669 protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations 1610:1669 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 4 42 theme SAA-HCM 796:802 arg1 process 804:810 SAA-HCM process 796:810 SAA-HCM process 796:810 Besides, chitosan was selected as the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process. 25957701 5 43 theme polymer/protein 858:872 arg1 ratio 874:878 polymer/protein ratio 858:878 polymer/protein ratio 858:878 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 9 44 theme CLSM 1437:1440 arg1 analysis 1442:1449 CLSM analysis 1437:1449 CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1437:1504 Finally, the distribution of the protein within the particles was characterized through CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles. 25957701 10 45 from solutions 1684:1692 arg1 production 1596:1605 production 1596:1605 production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions 1596:1692 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 1 46 theme protein 283:289 arg1 particles 261:269 micrometric particles 249:269 micrometric particles 249:269 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 10 47 theme polymer/protein 1622:1636 arg1 formulations 1658:1669 protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations 1610:1669 protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations 1610:1669 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 7 48 contain had 1174:1176 arg1 particles 1122:1130 The SAA-HCM prepared particles 1101:1130 The SAA-HCM prepared particles 1101:1130 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 7 48 contain had 1174:1176 arg2 efficiency 1188:1197 a loading efficiency 1178:1197 a loading efficiency about 90% 1178:1207 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 7 48 contain had 1174:1176 arg1 amorphous 1137:1145 amorphous 1137:1145 amorphous 1137:1145 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 9 49 theme microparticles 1491:1504 arg1 analysis 1442:1449 CLSM analysis 1437:1449 CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles 1437:1504 Finally, the distribution of the protein within the particles was characterized through CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles. 25957701 1 50 theme cavitation 202:211 arg1 SAA-HCM 220:226 SAA-HCM 220:226 SAA-HCM 220:226 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 1 50 theme cavitation 202:211 arg1 mixer 213:217 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer 187:217 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 187:227 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 8 51 theme composite 1246:1254 arg1 microparticles 1256:1269 the composite microparticles 1242:1269 the composite microparticles 1242:1269 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 5 52 theme ratio 874:878 arg1 influences 817:826 The influences 813:826 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution 813:954 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 6 53 theme spherical 1000:1008 arg1 microparticles 1020:1033 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles 985:1033 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) 985:1080 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 5 54 theme molecular 840:848 arg1 weight 850:855 chitosan molecular weight 831:855 chitosan molecular weight 831:855 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 8 55 theme release 1222:1228 arg1 profiles 1230:1237 The protein release profiles 1210:1237 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles 1210:1269 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 1 56 used used 233:236 arg2 atomization 161:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 132:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 132:227 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 10 57 theme drug 1698:1701 arg1 systems 1712:1718 drug delivery systems 1698:1718 drug delivery systems 1698:1718 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 3 58 theme structural 585:594 arg1 stability 596:604 the structural stability 581:604 the structural stability of the protein 581:619 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 5 59 theme particle 914:921 arg1 morphology 923:932 particle morphology 914:932 particle morphology 914:932 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 10 60 dep protein 1610:1616 arg1 particles 1648:1656 composite particles 1638:1656 composite particles 1638:1656 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 1 61 theme assisted 152:159 arg1 atomization 161:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 132:171 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 132:227 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 0 62 theme labile 70:75 arg1 trypsin 77:83 the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles 66:129 trypsin 77:83 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 3 63 theme protein 613:619 arg1 stability 596:604 the structural stability 581:604 the structural stability of the protein 581:619 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 5 64 theme solution 884:891 arg1 concentration 893:905 solution concentration 884:905 solution concentration 884:905 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 6 65 theme particle 1049:1056 arg1 distribution 1058:1069 a narrow particle distribution 1040:1069 a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) 1040:1080 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 6 65 theme particle 1049:1056 arg1 μm 1078:1079 0.2-3 μm 1072:1079 0.2-3 μm 1072:1079 Non-coalescing spherical composite microparticles with a narrow particle distribution (0.2-3 μm) could be obtained. 25957701 1 66 dep trypsin 298:304 arg1 i.e. 292:295 i.e. 292:295 i.e. 292:295 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 8 67 theme diffusion 1333:1341 arg1 cell 1343:1346 a Franz diffusion cell 1325:1346 a Franz diffusion cell 1325:1346 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 7 68 dep efficiency 1188:1197 arg1 % 1207:1207 % 1207:1207 % 1207:1207 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 0 69 theme composite 106:114 arg1 microparticles 116:129 the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles 66:129 microparticles 116:129 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 1 70 theme solvents 355:362 arg1 use 336:338 use 336:338 use of any organic solvents 336:362 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 8 71 dep immersion 1301:1309 arg1 condition 1311:1319 condition 1311:1319 the immersion condition 1297:1319 The protein release profiles of the composite microparticles were evaluated using both the immersion condition and a Franz diffusion cell. 25957701 2 72 dep precipitated 387:398 arg1 had 400:402 had 400:402 had 400:402 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 5 73 from influences 817:826 arg1 morphology 923:932 particle morphology 914:932 particle morphology 914:932 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 5 73 from influences 817:826 arg1 distribution 943:954 size distribution 938:954 size distribution 938:954 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 5 74 dep morphology 923:932 arg1 the 910:912 the 910:912 the 910:912 The influences of chitosan molecular weight, polymer/protein ratio and solution concentration on the particle morphology and size distribution were investigated in detail. 25957701 2 75 theme various 404:410 arg1 morphologies 412:423 various morphologies 404:423 various morphologies 404:423 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 0 76 theme fluid 14:18 arg1 production 29:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production 0:38 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 0:130 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 2 77 theme particle 466:473 arg1 diameters 475:483 particle diameters 466:483 particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm 466:508 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 4 78 theme polymer 719:725 arg1 chitosan 690:697 chitosan 690:697 chitosan 690:697 Besides, chitosan was selected as the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process. 25957701 4 78 theme polymer 719:725 arg1 carrier 727:733 the polymer carrier 715:733 the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process 715:810 Besides, chitosan was selected as the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process. 25957701 7 79 theme loading 1180:1186 arg1 efficiency 1188:1197 a loading efficiency 1178:1197 a loading efficiency about 90% 1178:1207 The SAA-HCM prepared particles were amorphous as demonstrated by XRD and had a loading efficiency about 90%. 25957701 2 80 theme process 441:447 arg1 conditions 449:458 different process conditions 431:458 different process conditions 431:458 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 0 81 theme micrometric 43:53 arg1 powders 55:61 micrometric powders 43:61 micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles 43:129 Supercritical fluid assisted production of micrometric powders of the labile trypsin and chitosan/trypsin composite microparticles. 25957701 9 82 theme protein 1382:1388 arg1 distribution 1362:1373 the distribution 1358:1373 the distribution of the protein within the particles 1358:1409 Finally, the distribution of the protein within the particles was characterized through CLSM analysis of FITC-labeled trypsin-loaded chitosan microparticles. 25957701 10 83 theme promising 1572:1580 arg1 process 1519:1525 The SAA-HCM process 1507:1525 The SAA-HCM process 1507:1525 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 10 83 theme promising 1572:1580 arg1 technique 1582:1590 a protein-friendly and promising technique 1549:1590 a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems 1549:1718 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 3 84 theme biological 660:669 arg1 activity 671:678 the biological activity 656:678 the biological activity 656:678 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 3 85 theme FTIR 511:514 arg1 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra 511:553 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 25957701 10 86 theme protein-friendly 1551:1566 arg1 process 1519:1525 The SAA-HCM process 1507:1525 The SAA-HCM process 1507:1525 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 10 86 theme protein-friendly 1551:1566 arg1 technique 1582:1590 a protein-friendly and promising technique 1549:1590 a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems 1549:1718 The SAA-HCM process is demonstrated to be a protein-friendly and promising technique for production of protein and polymer/protein composite particles formulations from aqueous solutions for drug delivery systems. 25957701 4 87 theme composite 767:775 arg1 microparticles 777:790 trypsin composite microparticles 759:790 trypsin composite microparticles 759:790 Besides, chitosan was selected as the polymer carrier in an effort to prepare trypsin composite microparticles via SAA-HCM process. 25957701 2 88 theme trypsin 369:375 arg1 particles 377:385 The trypsin particles 365:385 The trypsin particles 365:385 The trypsin particles precipitated had various morphologies under different process conditions, with particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 4 μm. 25957701 1 89 theme micrometric 249:259 arg1 particles 261:269 micrometric particles 249:269 micrometric particles 249:269 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was used to prepare micrometric particles of a labile protein, i.e., trypsin from aqueous solution without use of any organic solvents. 25957701 3 90 theme CD 527:528 arg1 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra 511:553 spectra 547:553 FTIR, SDS-PAGE, CD and fluorescence spectra were performed to analyze the structural stability of the protein, and trypsin retained above 70% of the biological activity. 26475229 0 0 theme graft 85:89 arg1 copolymers 91:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 6 1 contain containing 819:828 arg1 Hybrid 808:813 Hybrid 53 808:816 Hybrid 53 808:816 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 6 1 contain containing 819:828 arg2 starch 837:842 53 wt% starch 830:842 53 wt% starch 830:842 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 1 2 theme graft-to 164:171 arg1 methodology 173:183 a graft-to methodology 162:183 a graft-to methodology 162:183 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers were synthesized using a graft-to methodology and their protein adsorption profiles studied. 26475229 0 3 theme hybrid 78:83 arg1 copolymers 91:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 4 4 theme graft 534:538 arg1 copolymers 540:549 the graft copolymers 530:549 the graft copolymers 530:549 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 8 5 theme high 1178:1181 arg1 structure 1197:1205 a high amylose graft structure 1176:1205 a high amylose graft structure 1176:1205 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 4 6 theme wt 579:580 arg1 % 581:581 53 wt% 576:581 53 wt% 576:581 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 0 7 from Impact 0:5 arg1 characteristics 47:61 protein adsorption characteristics 28:61 protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 28:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 7 8 theme backbone 1132:1139 arg1 polymer 1141:1147 the hydrophobic backbone polymer 1116:1147 the hydrophobic backbone polymer 1116:1147 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 5 9 link urethane-linked 765:779 arg1 polyesters 781:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 Comparisons between the starch-containing hybrid polymers and their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters were also made. 26475229 4 10 theme BSA 584:586 arg1 adsorption 596:605 BSA protein adsorption 584:605 BSA protein adsorption 584:605 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 3 11 theme high 377:380 arg1 compositions 397:408 the high amylose starch compositions 373:408 the high amylose starch compositions 373:408 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 0 12 from characteristics 47:61 arg1 copolymers 91:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 4 13 from content 519:525 arg1 copolymers 540:549 the graft copolymers 530:549 the graft copolymers 530:549 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 8 14 theme amylose 1183:1189 arg1 structure 1197:1205 a high amylose graft structure 1176:1205 a high amylose graft structure 1176:1205 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 6 15 theme BSA 871:873 arg1 adsorption 875:884 BSA adsorption 871:884 BSA adsorption 871:884 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 2 16 theme amylose 309:315 arg1 starch 317:322 hydroxypropylated high amylose starch 286:322 hydroxypropylated high amylose starch 286:322 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 8 17 theme protein 1260:1266 arg1 resistance 1268:1277 comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance 1216:1277 comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance 1216:1277 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 3 18 theme protein 446:452 arg1 adsorption 454:463 protein adsorption 446:463 protein adsorption 446:463 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 5 19 theme respective 742:751 arg1 polyesters 781:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 Comparisons between the starch-containing hybrid polymers and their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters were also made. 26475229 4 20 theme starch 512:517 arg1 content 519:525 the starch content 508:525 the starch content in the graft copolymers 508:549 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 7 21 theme hydrophobic 1120:1130 arg1 polymer 1141:1147 the hydrophobic backbone polymer 1116:1147 the hydrophobic backbone polymer 1116:1147 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 7 22 link amylopectin-derived 1004:1022 arg1 maltodextrin 1024:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin 981:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones 981:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 2 23 theme high 304:307 arg1 starch 317:322 hydroxypropylated high amylose starch 286:322 hydroxypropylated high amylose starch 286:322 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 3 24 theme amylose 382:388 arg1 compositions 397:408 the high amylose starch compositions 373:408 the high amylose starch compositions 373:408 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 5 25 theme hydrophobic 753:763 arg1 polyesters 781:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 Comparisons between the starch-containing hybrid polymers and their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters were also made. 26475229 2 26 theme polyethylene 343:354 arg1 PEG 364:366 PEG 364:366 PEG 364:366 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 2 26 theme polyethylene 343:354 arg1 glycol 356:361 polyethylene glycol 343:361 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 343:367 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 1 27 theme protein 195:201 arg1 profiles 214:221 their protein adsorption profiles 189:221 their protein adsorption profiles 189:221 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers were synthesized using a graft-to methodology and their protein adsorption profiles studied. 26475229 6 28 theme 51 890:891 arg1 % 892:892 % 892:892 % 892:892 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 6 29 theme backbone 962:969 arg1 controls 971:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 8 30 theme effective 1249:1257 arg1 resistance 1268:1277 comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance 1216:1277 comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance 1216:1277 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 1 31 theme adsorption 203:212 arg1 profiles 214:221 their protein adsorption profiles 189:221 their protein adsorption profiles 189:221 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers were synthesized using a graft-to methodology and their protein adsorption profiles studied. 26475229 0 32 theme content 17:23 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 0:101 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 4 33 theme wt 569:570 arg1 % 571:571 10 wt% 566:571 10 wt% 566:571 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 7 34 theme modest 1087:1092 arg1 resistance 1102:1111 modest protein resistance 1087:1111 modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer 1087:1147 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 8 35 theme comparable 1216:1225 arg1 resistance 1268:1277 comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance 1216:1277 comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance 1216:1277 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 1 36 theme Amphiphilic 103:113 arg1 copolymers 128:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 103:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 103:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers were synthesized using a graft-to methodology and their protein adsorption profiles studied. 26475229 3 37 theme polysaccharide 481:494 arg1 content 496:502 polysaccharide content 481:502 polysaccharide content 481:502 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 0 38 theme starch 10:15 arg1 content 17:23 starch content 10:23 starch content 10:23 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 6 39 theme urethane-linked 936:950 arg1 controls 971:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 7 40 theme protein 1094:1100 arg1 resistance 1102:1111 modest protein resistance 1087:1111 modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer 1087:1147 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 6 41 theme % 856:856 arg1 reduction 858:866 a 85% reduction 852:866 a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption 852:884 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 1 42 theme hybrid 115:120 arg1 copolymers 128:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 103:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 103:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers were synthesized using a graft-to methodology and their protein adsorption profiles studied. 26475229 6 43 theme % 892:892 arg1 reduction 894:902 51% reduction 890:902 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 890:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 0 44 theme protein 28:34 arg1 characteristics 47:61 protein adsorption characteristics 28:61 protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 28:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 5 45 theme starch-containing 698:714 arg1 polymers 723:730 the starch-containing hybrid polymers 694:730 the starch-containing hybrid polymers 694:730 Comparisons between the starch-containing hybrid polymers and their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters were also made. 26475229 6 46 theme 85 854:855 arg1 % 856:856 % 856:856 % 856:856 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 6 47 link urethane-linked 936:950 arg1 controls 971:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 4 48 theme fibrinogen 632:641 arg1 adsorption 643:652 fibrinogen adsorption 632:652 fibrinogen adsorption 632:652 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 3 49 theme pronounced 423:432 arg1 decrease 434:441 a pronounced decrease 421:441 a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption 421:463 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 5 50 theme hybrid 716:721 arg1 polymers 723:730 the starch-containing hybrid polymers 694:730 the starch-containing hybrid polymers 694:730 Comparisons between the starch-containing hybrid polymers and their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters were also made. 26475229 2 51 theme side 260:263 arg1 chains 265:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains 232:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains 232:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 7 52 theme Grafting 981:988 arg1 maltodextrin 1024:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin 981:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones 981:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 8 53 theme constructed 1303:1313 arg1 copolymer 1342:1350 a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer 1291:1350 a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer 1291:1350 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 6 54 theme relative 918:925 arg1 fibrinogen 907:916 fibrinogen 907:916 fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 907:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 7 55 theme polymer 1054:1060 arg1 backbones 1062:1070 the synthetic polymer backbones 1040:1070 the synthetic polymer backbones 1040:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 6 56 theme polyester 952:960 arg1 controls 971:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 930:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 2 57 theme hydrophilic 248:258 arg1 chains 265:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains 232:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains 232:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 1 58 theme graft 122:126 arg1 copolymers 128:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 103:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 103:137 Amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers were synthesized using a graft-to methodology and their protein adsorption profiles studied. 26475229 0 59 theme adsorption 36:45 arg1 characteristics 47:61 protein adsorption characteristics 28:61 protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 28:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 2 60 theme different 238:246 arg1 chains 265:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains 232:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains 232:270 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 7 61 theme high 999:1002 arg1 maltodextrin 1024:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin 981:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones 981:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 8 62 dep not 1231:1233 arg1 if 1228:1229 if 1228:1229 if 1228:1229 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 2 63 theme hydroxypropylated 286:302 arg1 starch 317:322 hydroxypropylated high amylose starch 286:322 hydroxypropylated high amylose starch 286:322 Three different hydrophilic side chains were studied: hydroxypropylated high amylose starch, maltodextrin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). 26475229 7 64 theme amylopectin-derived 1004:1022 arg1 maltodextrin 1024:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin 981:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones 981:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 8 65 theme amphiphilic 1330:1340 arg1 copolymer 1342:1350 a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer 1291:1350 a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer 1291:1350 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 7 66 theme synthetic 1044:1052 arg1 backbones 1062:1070 the synthetic polymer backbones 1040:1070 the synthetic polymer backbones 1040:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 6 67 theme % 835:835 arg1 starch 837:842 53 wt% starch 830:842 53 wt% starch 830:842 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 8 68 theme graft 1191:1195 arg1 structure 1197:1205 a high amylose graft structure 1176:1205 a high amylose graft structure 1176:1205 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 3 69 from decrease 434:441 arg1 adsorption 454:463 protein adsorption 446:463 protein adsorption 446:463 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 8 70 theme PEG-containing 1315:1328 arg1 copolymer 1342:1350 a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer 1291:1350 a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer 1291:1350 Lastly, it was found that a high amylose graft structure provided comparable, if not slightly more effective, protein resistance compared to a similarly constructed PEG-containing amphiphilic copolymer. 26475229 4 71 theme protein 588:594 arg1 adsorption 596:605 BSA protein adsorption 584:605 BSA protein adsorption 584:605 As the starch content in the graft copolymers increased from 10 wt% to 53 wt%, BSA protein adsorption decreased by 83% whereas fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 40%. 26475229 0 72 theme amphiphilic 66:76 arg1 copolymers 91:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers 66:100 Impact of starch content on protein adsorption characteristics in amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. 26475229 6 73 theme wt 833:834 arg1 % 835:835 53 wt% 830:835 53 wt% starch 830:842 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 7 74 theme branched 990:997 arg1 maltodextrin 1024:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin 981:1035 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones 981:1070 Grafting branched high amylopectin-derived maltodextrin to the synthetic polymer backbones also conferred modest protein resistance to the hydrophobic backbone polymer. 26475229 5 75 theme urethane-linked 765:779 arg1 polyesters 781:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters 736:790 Comparisons between the starch-containing hybrid polymers and their respective hydrophobic urethane-linked polyesters were also made. 26475229 3 76 theme starch 390:395 arg1 compositions 397:408 the high amylose starch compositions 373:408 the high amylose starch compositions 373:408 In the high amylose starch compositions, there was a pronounced decrease in protein adsorption with increasing polysaccharide content. 26475229 6 77 from reduction 894:902 arg1 adsorption 875:884 BSA adsorption 871:884 BSA adsorption 871:884 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 6 77 from reduction 894:902 arg1 fibrinogen 907:916 fibrinogen 907:916 fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 907:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 6 78 from reduction 858:866 arg1 adsorption 875:884 BSA adsorption 871:884 BSA adsorption 871:884 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 26475229 6 78 from reduction 858:866 arg1 fibrinogen 907:916 fibrinogen 907:916 fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls 907:978 Hybrid 53, containing 53 wt% starch, showed a 85% reduction in BSA adsorption and 51% reduction in fibrinogen relative to their urethane-linked polyester backbone controls. 28325315 0 0 theme cellulose 67:75 arg1 structure 89:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 1 1 theme wood 310:313 arg1 degradation 261:271 thermal degradation 253:271 thermal degradation 253:271 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 1 theme wood 310:313 arg1 angle 285:289 contact angle 277:289 contact angle 277:289 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 1 theme wood 310:313 arg1 composition 207:217 the chemical composition 194:217 the chemical composition 194:217 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 1 theme wood 310:313 arg1 structure 242:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 4 2 theme components 775:784 arg1 degradation 749:759 the degradation 745:759 the degradation of biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT 745:808 Changes in the chemical components was due to the degradation of biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT. 28325315 2 3 theme chemical 416:423 arg1 composition 425:435 SOHT chemical composition 411:435 SOHT chemical composition 411:435 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 3 4 theme chemical 599:606 arg1 components 608:617 the chemical components 595:617 the chemical components of the wood 595:629 Results showed that the chemical components of the wood were affected after SOHT particularly when treated at 210°C for 8h. 28325315 4 5 theme biopolymer 764:773 arg1 components 775:784 biopolymer components 764:784 biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT 764:808 Changes in the chemical components was due to the degradation of biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT. 28325315 1 6 theme cellulose 220:228 arg1 structure 242:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 89:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 angle 111:115 contact angle 103:115 contact angle 103:115 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 54:64 the chemical composition 41:64 the chemical composition 41:64 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 1 8 from effect 146:151 arg1 degradation 261:271 thermal degradation 253:271 thermal degradation 253:271 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 8 from effect 146:151 arg1 angle 285:289 contact angle 277:289 contact angle 277:289 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 8 from effect 146:151 arg1 composition 207:217 the chemical composition 194:217 the chemical composition 194:217 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 8 from effect 146:151 arg1 structure 242:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 9 theme crystalline 230:240 arg1 structure 242:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 cellulose crystalline structure 220:250 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 0 10 theme crystalline 77:87 arg1 structure 89:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 2 11 theme X-ray 512:516 arg1 XRD 531:533 XRD 531:533 XRD 531:533 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 11 theme X-ray 512:516 arg1 diffraction 518:528 X-ray diffraction 512:528 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 512:534 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 0 12 theme contact 103:109 arg1 angle 111:115 contact angle 103:115 contact angle 103:115 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 2 13 theme treated 543:549 arg1 samples 551:557 the treated samples 539:557 the treated samples 539:557 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 14 theme samples 551:557 arg1 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 14 theme samples 551:557 arg1 XRD 531:533 XRD 531:533 XRD 531:533 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 14 theme samples 551:557 arg1 analysis 493:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis 438:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 438:506 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 14 theme samples 551:557 arg1 composition 425:435 SOHT chemical composition 411:435 SOHT chemical composition 411:435 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 14 theme samples 551:557 arg1 diffraction 518:528 X-ray diffraction 512:528 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 512:534 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 5 15 theme SOHT 873:876 arg1 samples 878:884 the SOHT samples 869:884 the SOHT samples 869:884 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 6 16 theme wood 968:971 arg1 modification 952:963 modification 952:963 modification of wood 952:971 The findings demonstrate the potential of SOHT for modification of wood. 28325315 2 17 theme transformed 446:456 arg1 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 17 theme transformed 446:456 arg1 analysis 493:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis 438:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 438:506 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 3 18 theme wood 626:629 arg1 components 608:617 the chemical components 595:617 the chemical components of the wood 595:629 Results showed that the chemical components of the wood were affected after SOHT particularly when treated at 210°C for 8h. 28325315 2 19 theme SOHT 411:414 arg1 composition 425:435 SOHT chemical composition 411:435 SOHT chemical composition 411:435 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 5 20 theme samples 878:884 arg1 angle 860:864 contact angle 852:864 contact angle of the SOHT samples 852:884 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 5 20 theme samples 878:884 arg1 index 829:833 The crystallinity index 811:833 The crystallinity index of cellulose 811:846 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 1 21 theme silicone 156:163 arg1 oil 165:167 silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) 156:189 silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) 156:189 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 5 22 theme cellulose 838:846 arg1 angle 860:864 contact angle 852:864 contact angle of the SOHT samples 852:884 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 5 22 theme cellulose 838:846 arg1 index 829:833 The crystallinity index 811:833 The crystallinity index of cellulose 811:846 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 4 23 theme wood 793:796 arg1 components 775:784 biopolymer components 764:784 biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT 764:808 Changes in the chemical components was due to the degradation of biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT. 28325315 1 24 theme oil 165:167 arg1 effect 146:151 The effect 142:151 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood 142:313 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 7 25 theme economical 982:991 arg1 approach 1010:1017 an economical and eco-friendly approach 979:1017 an economical and eco-friendly approach to thermally modified wood 979:1044 Thus an economical and eco-friendly approach to thermally modified wood was achieved in this study. 28325315 1 26 theme heat 169:172 arg1 SOTH 185:188 SOTH 185:188 SOTH 185:188 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 26 theme heat 169:172 arg1 treatment 174:182 heat treatment 169:182 silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) 156:189 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 0 27 theme oil 19:21 arg1 treatment 28:36 silicone oil heat treatment 10:36 silicone oil heat treatment 10:36 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 1 28 theme thermal 253:259 arg1 degradation 261:271 thermal degradation 253:271 thermal degradation 253:271 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 2 29 dep infrared 458:465 arg1 thermogravimetric 475:491 thermogravimetric 475:491 thermogravimetric 475:491 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 29 dep infrared 458:465 arg1 FTIR 468:471 FTIR 468:471 FTIR 468:471 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 5 30 theme contact 852:858 arg1 angle 860:864 contact angle 852:864 contact angle of the SOHT samples 852:884 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 0 31 theme silicone 10:17 arg1 treatment 28:36 silicone oil heat treatment 10:36 silicone oil heat treatment 10:36 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 0 32 theme treatment 28:36 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 0:140 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 0 33 theme parasol 128:134 arg1 wood 136:139 Chinese parasol wood 120:139 Chinese parasol wood 120:139 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 1 34 dep oil 165:167 arg1 SOTH 185:188 SOTH 185:188 SOTH 185:188 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 1 34 dep oil 165:167 arg1 treatment 174:182 heat treatment 169:182 silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) 156:189 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 6 35 theme SOHT 943:946 arg1 potential 930:938 the potential 926:938 the potential of SOHT for modification of wood 926:971 The findings demonstrate the potential of SOHT for modification of wood. 28325315 0 36 theme heat 23:26 arg1 treatment 28:36 silicone oil heat treatment 10:36 silicone oil heat treatment 10:36 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 1 37 theme contact 277:283 arg1 angle 285:289 contact angle 277:289 contact angle 277:289 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 0 38 theme Chinese 120:126 arg1 wood 136:139 Chinese parasol wood 120:139 Chinese parasol wood 120:139 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 4 39 theme chemical 714:721 arg1 components 723:732 the chemical components 710:732 the chemical components 710:732 Changes in the chemical components was due to the degradation of biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT. 28325315 2 40 theme infrared 458:465 arg1 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 40 theme infrared 458:465 arg1 analysis 493:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis 438:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 438:506 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 0 41 theme wood 136:139 arg1 structure 89:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 cellulose crystalline structure 67:97 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 0 41 theme wood 136:139 arg1 angle 111:115 contact angle 103:115 contact angle 103:115 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 0 41 theme wood 136:139 arg1 composition 54:64 the chemical composition 41:64 the chemical composition 41:64 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 7 42 theme eco-friendly 997:1008 arg1 approach 1010:1017 an economical and eco-friendly approach 979:1017 an economical and eco-friendly approach to thermally modified wood 979:1044 Thus an economical and eco-friendly approach to thermally modified wood was achieved in this study. 28325315 5 43 theme crystallinity 815:827 arg1 index 829:833 The crystallinity index 811:833 The crystallinity index of cellulose 811:846 The crystallinity index of cellulose and contact angle of the SOHT samples was increased. 28325315 7 44 theme modified 1032:1039 arg1 wood 1041:1044 thermally modified wood 1022:1044 thermally modified wood 1022:1044 Thus an economical and eco-friendly approach to thermally modified wood was achieved in this study. 28325315 1 45 theme Chinese 294:300 arg1 wood 310:313 Chinese parasol wood 294:313 Chinese parasol wood 294:313 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 2 46 theme fourier 438:444 arg1 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 TGA 503:505 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 2 46 theme fourier 438:444 arg1 analysis 493:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis 438:500 fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 438:506 Samples were heated at 150°C, 180°C and 210°C for 2h and 8h, after SOHT chemical composition, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the treated samples were evaluated. 28325315 1 47 theme chemical 198:205 arg1 composition 207:217 the chemical composition 194:217 the chemical composition 194:217 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 0 48 theme chemical 45:52 arg1 composition 54:64 the chemical composition 41:64 the chemical composition 41:64 Effect of silicone oil heat treatment on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood. 28325315 1 49 theme parasol 302:308 arg1 wood 310:313 Chinese parasol wood 294:313 Chinese parasol wood 294:313 The effect of silicone oil heat treatment (SOTH) on the chemical composition, cellulose crystalline structure, thermal degradation and contact angle of Chinese parasol wood were examined in this study. 28325315 4 50 from Changes 699:705 arg1 components 723:732 the chemical components 710:732 the chemical components 710:732 Changes in the chemical components was due to the degradation of biopolymer components of the wood during SOHT. 26305491 0 0 theme nanomaterials 84:96 arg1 properties 60:69 designing properties 50:69 designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials 50:96 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 7 1 theme architectures 1022:1034 arg1 coupling 971:978 the coupling 967:978 the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures 967:1034 Based on this work, strategies can be suggested for tuning the mechanical properties of materials through the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures. 26305491 4 2 theme colloidal 561:569 arg1 state 571:575 wet colloidal state 557:575 wet colloidal state 557:575 Engineering the linkers has a considerable effects on the interaction between protein and NFC in both wet colloidal state and a dry film. 26305491 0 3 theme cellulose 74:82 arg1 nanomaterials 84:96 cellulose nanomaterials 74:96 cellulose nanomaterials 74:96 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 4 4 from effects 498:504 arg1 interaction 513:523 the interaction 509:523 the interaction between protein and NFC 509:547 Engineering the linkers has a considerable effects on the interaction between protein and NFC in both wet colloidal state and a dry film. 26305491 4 5 theme wet 557:559 arg1 state 571:575 wet colloidal state 557:575 wet colloidal state 557:575 Engineering the linkers has a considerable effects on the interaction between protein and NFC in both wet colloidal state and a dry film. 26305491 5 6 theme hydrophobin 645:655 arg1 domain 663:668 a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain 629:668 a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain connected by another linker 629:696 The protein optionally incorporates a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain connected by another linker. 26305491 7 7 theme mechanical 924:933 arg1 properties 935:944 the mechanical properties 920:944 the mechanical properties of materials 920:957 Based on this work, strategies can be suggested for tuning the mechanical properties of materials through the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures. 26305491 1 8 theme nanocomposites 171:184 arg1 matrix 161:166 the soft matrix 152:166 the soft matrix of nanocomposites 152:184 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 1 9 from proteins 140:147 arg1 matrix 161:166 the soft matrix 152:166 the soft matrix of nanocomposites 152:184 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 2 10 theme architecture 321:332 arg1 type 313:316 this type 308:316 this type of architecture 308:332 Engineered proteins were used together with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to show how this type of architecture leads to function. 26305491 6 11 from deformation 780:790 arg1 state 758:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 0 12 theme Modular 0:6 arg1 architecture 8:19 Modular architecture 0:19 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 0:97 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 1 13 theme Molecular 99:107 arg1 models 120:125 Molecular biomimetic models 99:125 Molecular biomimetic models 99:125 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 1 14 theme multimodular 193:204 arg1 architecture 206:217 a multimodular architecture 191:217 a multimodular architecture 191:217 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 0 15 theme protein 24:30 arg1 units 40:44 protein binding units 24:44 protein binding units 24:44 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 6 16 theme gel 754:756 arg1 state 758:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 1 17 theme biomimetic 109:118 arg1 models 120:125 Molecular biomimetic models 99:125 Molecular biomimetic models 99:125 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 2 18 used used 245:248 arg2 proteins 231:238 Engineered proteins 220:238 Engineered proteins 220:238 Engineered proteins were used together with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to show how this type of architecture leads to function. 26305491 3 19 theme cellulose-binding 381:397 arg1 modules 399:405 two cellulose-binding modules 377:405 two cellulose-binding modules (CBM) separated by 12-, 24-, or 48-mer linkers 377:452 The proteins consist of two cellulose-binding modules (CBM) separated by 12-, 24-, or 48-mer linkers. 26305491 3 19 theme cellulose-binding 381:397 arg1 CBM 408:410 CBM 408:410 CBM 408:410 The proteins consist of two cellulose-binding modules (CBM) separated by 12-, 24-, or 48-mer linkers. 26305491 5 20 theme multimerizing 631:643 arg1 domain 663:668 a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain 629:668 a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain connected by another linker 629:696 The protein optionally incorporates a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain connected by another linker. 26305491 0 21 theme units 40:44 arg1 architecture 8:19 Modular architecture 0:19 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 0:97 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 0 22 theme binding 32:38 arg1 units 40:44 protein binding units 24:44 protein binding units 24:44 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 1 23 contain have 186:189 arg1 proteins 140:147 proteins 140:147 proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites 140:184 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 1 23 contain have 186:189 arg2 architecture 206:217 a multimodular architecture 191:217 a multimodular architecture 191:217 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 26305491 6 24 theme hydrated 745:752 arg1 state 758:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 3 25 theme 48-mer 439:444 arg1 linkers 446:452 48-mer linkers 439:452 48-mer linkers 439:452 The proteins consist of two cellulose-binding modules (CBM) separated by 12-, 24-, or 48-mer linkers. 26305491 0 26 theme designing 50:58 arg1 properties 60:69 designing properties 50:69 designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials 50:96 Modular architecture of protein binding units for designing properties of cellulose nanomaterials. 26305491 5 27 theme HFB 658:660 arg1 domain 663:668 a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain 629:668 a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain connected by another linker 629:696 The protein optionally incorporates a multimerizing hydrophobin (HFB) domain connected by another linker. 26305491 6 28 theme stress 823:828 arg1 distribution 830:841 stress distribution 823:841 stress distribution 823:841 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 6 29 theme materials 805:813 arg1 effects 730:736 effects 730:736 effects in the hydrated gel state 730:762 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 6 29 theme materials 805:813 arg1 deformation 780:790 the deformation 776:790 the deformation of composite materials 776:813 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 6 30 from effects 730:736 arg1 state 758:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 the hydrated gel state 741:762 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 2 31 theme Engineered 220:229 arg1 proteins 231:238 Engineered proteins 220:238 Engineered proteins 220:238 Engineered proteins were used together with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to show how this type of architecture leads to function. 26305491 7 32 theme protein 983:989 arg1 modules 991:997 protein modules 983:997 protein modules 983:997 Based on this work, strategies can be suggested for tuning the mechanical properties of materials through the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures. 26305491 7 33 theme materials 949:957 arg1 properties 935:944 the mechanical properties 920:944 the mechanical properties of materials 920:957 Based on this work, strategies can be suggested for tuning the mechanical properties of materials through the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures. 26305491 4 34 theme dry 583:585 arg1 film 587:590 a dry film 581:590 a dry film 581:590 Engineering the linkers has a considerable effects on the interaction between protein and NFC in both wet colloidal state and a dry film. 26305491 7 35 theme interlinking 1009:1020 arg1 architectures 1022:1034 their interlinking architectures 1003:1034 their interlinking architectures 1003:1034 Based on this work, strategies can be suggested for tuning the mechanical properties of materials through the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures. 26305491 6 36 theme composite 795:803 arg1 materials 805:813 composite materials 795:813 composite materials 795:813 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 7 37 theme modules 991:997 arg1 coupling 971:978 the coupling 967:978 the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures 967:1034 Based on this work, strategies can be suggested for tuning the mechanical properties of materials through the coupling of protein modules and their interlinking architectures. 26305491 4 38 theme considerable 485:496 arg1 effects 498:504 a considerable effects 483:504 a considerable effects on the interaction between protein and NFC 483:547 Engineering the linkers has a considerable effects on the interaction between protein and NFC in both wet colloidal state and a dry film. 26305491 2 39 theme nanofibrillated 264:278 arg1 cellulose 280:288 nanofibrillated cellulose 264:288 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 264:294 Engineered proteins were used together with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to show how this type of architecture leads to function. 26305491 2 39 theme nanofibrillated 264:278 arg1 NFC 291:293 NFC 291:293 NFC 291:293 Engineered proteins were used together with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to show how this type of architecture leads to function. 26305491 6 40 theme modular 703:709 arg1 structure 711:719 The modular structure 699:719 The modular structure 699:719 The modular structure explains effects in the hydrated gel state, as well as the deformation of composite materials through stress distribution and crosslinking. 26305491 1 41 theme soft 156:159 arg1 matrix 161:166 the soft matrix 152:166 the soft matrix of nanocomposites 152:184 Molecular biomimetic models suggest that proteins in the soft matrix of nanocomposites have a multimodular architecture. 29050602 4 0 from -20°C 758:762 arg1 acid 725:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid 703:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h 703:770 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 1 1 with nanofibers 332:341 arg1 diameter 348:355 diameter 348:355 diameter of 40-60nm 348:366 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 5 2 dep natural 981:987 arg1 nanofibers 1014:1023 nanofibers 1014:1023 nanofibers 1014:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 1 3 theme short 326:330 arg1 nanofibers 332:341 short nanofibers 326:341 short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm 326:366 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 1 4 theme Low 158:160 arg1 temperature 162:172 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) 158:217 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution 158:238 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 0 5 theme phase 101:105 arg1 separation 107:116 phase separation 101:116 phase separation 101:116 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature thermally induced phase separation, and their adsorption behavior for Cu2. 29050602 3 6 theme composition 531:541 arg1 effect 513:518 The effect 509:518 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology 509:612 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 5 7 theme adsorption 901:910 arg1 capacity 969:976 the adsorption capacity 954:976 the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers 954:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 7 theme adsorption 901:910 arg1 capacity 912:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 1 8 theme porous 267:272 arg1 p-CSMs 294:299 p-CSMs 294:299 p-CSMs 294:299 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 1 8 theme porous 267:272 arg1 membranes 283:291 porous chitosan membranes 267:291 porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs) 267:300 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 4 9 from Na2CO3 803:808 arg1 50/50 828:832 50/50 828:832 50/50 828:832 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 4 9 from Na2CO3 803:808 arg1 water/ethanol 813:825 water/ethanol 813:825 water/ethanol (50/50) 813:833 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 4 10 theme % 801:801 arg1 Na2CO3 803:808 1% Na2CO3 800:808 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50) 800:833 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 3 11 from effect 513:518 arg1 morphology 603:612 the p-CSM morphology 593:612 the p-CSM morphology 593:612 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 4 12 dep was 689:691 arg1 followed 773:780 followed 773:780 followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50) 773:833 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 4 13 theme fabricating 671:681 arg1 p-CSM 683:687 fabricating p-CSM 671:687 fabricating p-CSM 671:687 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 4 14 theme 1 800:800 arg1 % 801:801 % 801:801 % 801:801 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 3 15 theme solvent 523:529 arg1 composition 531:541 solvent composition 523:541 solvent composition 523:541 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 4 16 theme optimum 648:654 arg1 conditions 656:665 The optimum conditions 644:665 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM 644:687 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 2 17 theme acid/ethanol/water 451:468 arg1 solvent 433:439 a mixed solvent 425:439 a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water 425:468 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 1 18 theme 40-60nm 360:366 arg1 diameter 348:355 diameter 348:355 diameter of 40-60nm 348:366 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 2 19 theme chitosan 490:497 arg1 solution 499:506 chitosan solution 490:506 chitosan solution 490:506 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 1 20 theme induced 184:190 arg1 LT-TIPS 210:216 LT-TIPS 210:216 LT-TIPS 210:216 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 1 20 theme induced 184:190 arg1 separation 198:207 thermally induced phase separation 174:207 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution 158:238 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 2 21 theme mixed 427:431 arg1 solvent 433:439 a mixed solvent 425:439 a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water 425:468 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 1 22 theme chitosan 274:281 arg1 p-CSMs 294:299 p-CSMs 294:299 p-CSMs 294:299 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 1 22 theme chitosan 274:281 arg1 membranes 283:291 porous chitosan membranes 267:291 porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs) 267:300 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 4 23 from acid 725:728 arg1 70/30 748:752 70/30 748:752 70/30 748:752 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 4 23 from acid 725:728 arg1 water/ethanol 733:745 water/ethanol 733:745 water/ethanol (70/30) 733:753 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 3 24 theme time 570:573 arg1 effect 513:518 The effect 509:518 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology 509:612 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 1 25 theme phase 192:196 arg1 LT-TIPS 210:216 LT-TIPS 210:216 LT-TIPS 210:216 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 1 25 theme phase 192:196 arg1 separation 198:207 thermally induced phase separation 174:207 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution 158:238 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 0 26 theme chitosan 22:29 arg1 membranes 31:39 porous chitosan membranes 15:39 porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers 15:62 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature thermally induced phase separation, and their adsorption behavior for Cu2. 29050602 4 27 theme acetic 718:723 arg1 acid 725:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid 703:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h 703:770 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 3 28 theme quenching 544:552 arg1 temperature 554:564 quenching temperature 544:564 quenching temperature 544:564 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 5 29 contain had 886:888 arg1 p-CSM 840:844 The p-CSM 836:844 The p-CSM 836:844 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 29 contain had 886:888 arg1 effective 853:861 effective 853:861 effective 853:861 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 29 contain had 886:888 arg2 capacity 912:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 29 contain had 886:888 arg2 capacity 969:976 the adsorption capacity 954:976 the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers 954:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 0 30 theme porous 15:20 arg1 membranes 31:39 porous chitosan membranes 15:39 porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers 15:62 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature thermally induced phase separation, and their adsorption behavior for Cu2. 29050602 3 31 theme temperature 554:564 arg1 effect 513:518 The effect 509:518 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology 509:612 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 2 32 theme acid/water 405:414 arg1 solvent 416:422 the conventional acetic acid/water solvent 381:422 the conventional acetic acid/water solvent 381:422 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 5 33 theme chitosan 1005:1012 arg1 capacity 969:976 the adsorption capacity 954:976 the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers 954:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 33 theme chitosan 1005:1012 arg1 capacity 912:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 3 34 theme coagulant 580:588 arg1 effect 513:518 The effect 509:518 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology 509:612 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 29050602 2 35 theme acetic 398:403 arg1 solvent 416:422 the conventional acetic acid/water solvent 381:422 the conventional acetic acid/water solvent 381:422 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 0 36 theme membranes 31:39 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature 0:81 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature thermally induced phase separation, and their adsorption behavior for Cu2. 29050602 0 37 theme adsorption 129:138 arg1 behavior 140:147 their adsorption behavior 123:147 their adsorption behavior for Cu2 123:155 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature thermally induced phase separation, and their adsorption behavior for Cu2. 29050602 2 38 theme conventional 385:396 arg1 solvent 416:422 the conventional acetic acid/water solvent 381:422 the conventional acetic acid/water solvent 381:422 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 2 39 theme acetic 444:449 arg1 acid/ethanol/water 451:468 acetic acid/ethanol/water 444:468 acetic acid/ethanol/water 444:468 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 1 40 dep temperature 162:172 arg1 LT-TIPS 210:216 LT-TIPS 210:216 LT-TIPS 210:216 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 1 40 dep temperature 162:172 arg1 separation 198:207 thermally induced phase separation 174:207 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution 158:238 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 6 41 theme adsorption 1051:1060 arg1 efficiency 1062:1071 90% adsorption efficiency 1047:1071 90% adsorption efficiency for Cu2+ 1047:1080 The p-CSM maintained 90% adsorption efficiency for Cu2+ even after six cycles. 29050602 4 42 theme % 704:704 arg1 acid 725:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid 703:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h 703:770 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 2 43 used used 474:477 arg2 solvent 433:439 a mixed solvent 425:439 a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water 425:468 Compared to the conventional acetic acid/water solvent, a mixed solvent of acetic acid/ethanol/water was used to prepare chitosan solution. 29050602 5 44 theme adsorption 958:967 arg1 capacity 969:976 the adsorption capacity 954:976 the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers 954:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 44 theme adsorption 958:967 arg1 capacity 912:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 4 45 theme 2 703:703 arg1 % 704:704 % 704:704 % 704:704 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 5 46 theme 2.57mmol/g 924:933 arg1 capacity 969:976 the adsorption capacity 954:976 the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers 954:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 46 theme 2.57mmol/g 924:933 arg1 capacity 912:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 4 47 theme % 716:716 arg1 acid 725:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid 703:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h 703:770 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 6 48 theme % 1049:1049 arg1 efficiency 1062:1071 90% adsorption efficiency 1047:1071 90% adsorption efficiency for Cu2+ 1047:1080 The p-CSM maintained 90% adsorption efficiency for Cu2+ even after six cycles. 29050602 5 49 theme natural 981:987 arg1 capacity 969:976 the adsorption capacity 954:976 the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers 954:1023 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 49 theme natural 981:987 arg1 capacity 912:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 5 50 theme Langmuir 892:899 arg1 adsorption 901:910 a Langmuir adsorption 890:910 a Langmuir adsorption capacity 890:919 The p-CSM was an effective adsorbent for Cu2+ and had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 2.57mmol/g, which is close to the adsorption capacity of natural and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. 29050602 4 51 theme chitosan/2 706:715 arg1 acid 725:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid 703:728 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h 703:770 The optimum conditions for fabricating p-CSM was to quench 2% chitosan/2% acetic acid in water/ethanol (70/30) at -20°C for 12h, followed by coagulating in 1% Na2CO3 in water/ethanol (50/50). 29050602 1 52 theme chitosan 222:229 arg1 solution 231:238 chitosan solution 222:238 chitosan solution 222:238 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 0 53 theme low 67:69 arg1 temperature 71:81 low temperature 67:81 low temperature 67:81 Fabrication of porous chitosan membranes composed of nanofibers by low temperature thermally induced phase separation, and their adsorption behavior for Cu2. 29050602 6 54 theme 90 1047:1048 arg1 % 1049:1049 % 1049:1049 % 1049:1049 The p-CSM maintained 90% adsorption efficiency for Cu2+ even after six cycles. 29050602 1 55 theme solution 231:238 arg1 temperature 162:172 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) 158:217 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution 158:238 Low temperature thermally induced phase separation (LT-TIPS) of chitosan solution was developed to fabricate porous chitosan membranes (p-CSMs), which were composed of short nanofibers with diameter of 40-60nm. 29050602 3 56 theme p-CSM 597:601 arg1 morphology 603:612 the p-CSM morphology 593:612 the p-CSM morphology 593:612 The effect of solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, and coagulant on the p-CSM morphology were systematically explored. 25110726 6 0 theme surface 799:805 arg1 /g 820:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 0 theme surface 799:805 arg1 area 807:810 the highest surface area 787:810 the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) 787:822 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 5 1 theme fly 546:548 arg1 ash 550:552 Coal fly ash 541:552 Coal fly ash supports 541:561 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 4 2 dep ceramic 439:445 arg1 supports 447:454 supports 447:454 supports 447:454 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 8 3 theme fly 1038:1040 arg1 ash 1042:1044 coal fly ash 1033:1044 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 6 4 theme immobilized 838:848 arg1 enzyme 850:855 immobilized enzyme 838:855 immobilized enzyme 838:855 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 5 theme highest 791:797 arg1 /g 820:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 5 theme highest 791:797 arg1 area 807:810 the highest surface area 787:810 the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) 787:822 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 7 6 theme high 938:941 arg1 degree 943:948 a high degree 936:948 a high degree of hydrolysis (around 81%) 936:975 In assays involving sucrose inversion, it showed a high degree of hydrolysis (around 81%) even after nine reuses and 30 days' storage. 25110726 1 7 theme mineral 119:125 arg1 combustion 132:141 mineral coal combustion 119:141 mineral coal combustion 119:141 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 4 8 theme enzyme 486:491 arg1 invertase 493:501 the enzyme invertase 482:501 the enzyme invertase 482:501 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 4 9 theme Médici 376:381 arg1 Plant 397:401 the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant 361:401 the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant 361:401 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 8 10 theme immobilization 1126:1139 arg1 support 1141:1147 an immobilization support 1123:1147 an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose 1123:1177 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 7 11 theme hydrolysis 953:962 arg1 degree 943:948 a high degree 936:948 a high degree of hydrolysis (around 81%) 936:975 In assays involving sucrose inversion, it showed a high degree of hydrolysis (around 81%) even after nine reuses and 30 days' storage. 25110726 6 12 theme enzyme 850:855 arg1 /g 820:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 12 theme enzyme 850:855 arg1 amount 828:833 amount 828:833 amount of immobilized enzyme 828:855 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 12 theme enzyme 850:855 arg1 enzyme 850:855 immobilized enzyme 838:855 immobilized enzyme 838:855 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 12 theme enzyme 850:855 arg1 area 807:810 the highest surface area 787:810 the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) 787:822 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 0 13 theme sucrose 83:89 arg1 hydrolysis 69:78 the hydrolysis 65:78 the hydrolysis of sucrose 65:89 Coal fly ash ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 1 14 from byproduct 106:114 arg1 plants 160:165 thermal power plants 146:165 thermal power plants 146:165 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 1 15 theme coal 127:130 arg1 combustion 132:141 mineral coal combustion 119:141 mineral coal combustion 119:141 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 4 16 theme Power 391:395 arg1 Plant 397:401 the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant 361:401 the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant 361:401 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 5 17 theme surface 713:719 arg1 area 721:724 surface area 713:724 surface area 713:724 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 6 18 dep /g 820:821 arg1 2 818:818 2 818:818 2 818:818 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 1 19 theme combustion 132:141 arg1 ash 97:99 Coal ash 92:99 Coal ash 92:99 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 1 19 theme combustion 132:141 arg1 byproduct 106:114 a byproduct 104:114 a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants 104:165 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 5 20 theme X-ray 690:694 arg1 diffraction 696:706 X-ray diffraction 690:706 X-ray diffraction 690:706 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 4 21 theme Thermal 383:389 arg1 Plant 397:401 the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant 361:401 the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant 361:401 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 4 22 used utilized 408:415 arg2 ash 342:344 coal fly ash 333:344 coal fly ash 333:344 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 5 23 theme Coal 541:544 arg1 ash 550:552 Coal fly ash 541:552 Coal fly ash supports 541:561 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 8 24 theme coal 1033:1036 arg1 ash 1042:1044 coal fly ash 1033:1044 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 1 25 theme thermal 146:152 arg1 plants 160:165 thermal power plants 146:165 thermal power plants 146:165 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 4 26 theme ceramic 439:445 arg1 preparation 424:434 the preparation 420:434 the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose 420:538 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 4 27 theme sucrose 532:538 arg1 immobilization 464:477 the immobilization 460:477 the immobilization of the enzyme invertase 460:501 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 4 27 theme sucrose 532:538 arg1 hydrolysis 518:527 subsequent hydrolysis 507:527 subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose 507:538 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 5 28 dep ash 550:552 arg1 supports 554:561 supports 554:561 supports 554:561 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 5 29 dep h. 657:658 arg1 studied 731:737 studied 731:737 were studied 726:737 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 8 30 theme biotechnological 1091:1106 arg1 ceramics 1046:1053 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 8 30 theme biotechnological 1091:1106 arg1 alternative 1108:1118 a promising biotechnological alternative 1079:1118 a promising biotechnological alternative 1079:1118 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 7 31 theme sucrose 907:913 arg1 inversion 915:923 sucrose inversion 907:923 sucrose inversion 907:923 In assays involving sucrose inversion, it showed a high degree of hydrolysis (around 81%) even after nine reuses and 30 days' storage. 25110726 5 32 theme Mineralogical 660:672 arg1 composition 674:684 Mineralogical composition 660:684 Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) 660:707 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 8 33 theme sucrose 1171:1177 arg1 hydrolysis 1157:1166 the hydrolysis 1153:1166 the hydrolysis of sucrose 1153:1177 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 6 34 theme support 866:872 arg1 g 861:861 g 861:861 g of support (76.6 mg/g) 861:884 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 35 theme m 816:816 arg1 /g 820:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 35 m(2)/g 813:821 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 6 35 theme m 816:816 arg1 area 807:810 the highest surface area 787:810 the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) 787:822 The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m(2)/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). 25110726 4 36 theme coal 333:336 arg1 ash 342:344 coal fly ash 333:344 coal fly ash 333:344 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 1 37 theme Coal 92:95 arg1 ash 97:99 Coal ash 92:99 Coal ash 92:99 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 1 37 theme Coal 92:95 arg1 byproduct 106:114 a byproduct 104:114 a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants 104:165 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 5 38 theme several 580:586 arg1 pressures 599:607 several compaction pressures 580:607 several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) 580:626 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 5 38 theme several 580:586 arg1 MPa 623:625 63.66-318.30 MPa 610:625 63.66-318.30 MPa 610:625 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 0 39 dep ceramics 13:20 arg1 use 58:60 use 58:60 use 58:60 Coal fly ash ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 0 39 dep ceramics 13:20 arg1 preparation 23:33 preparation 23:33 preparation 23:33 Coal fly ash ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 0 39 dep ceramics 13:20 arg1 ceramics 13:20 ceramics 13:20 ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use 13:60 Coal fly ash ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 0 39 dep ceramics 13:20 arg1 characterization 36:51 characterization 36:51 characterization 36:51 Coal fly ash ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 8 40 theme ash 1042:1044 arg1 alternative 1108:1118 a promising biotechnological alternative 1079:1118 a promising biotechnological alternative 1079:1118 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 8 40 theme ash 1042:1044 arg1 ceramics 1046:1053 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 5 41 theme compaction 588:597 arg1 pressures 599:607 several compaction pressures 580:607 several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) 580:626 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 5 41 theme compaction 588:597 arg1 MPa 623:625 63.66-318.30 MPa 610:625 63.66-318.30 MPa 610:625 Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66-318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. 25110726 4 42 theme invertase 493:501 arg1 immobilization 464:477 the immobilization 460:477 the immobilization of the enzyme invertase 460:501 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 4 42 theme invertase 493:501 arg1 hydrolysis 518:527 subsequent hydrolysis 507:527 subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose 507:538 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 4 43 theme fly 338:340 arg1 ash 342:344 coal fly ash 333:344 coal fly ash 333:344 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 2 44 theme environmental 205:217 arg1 problems 219:226 many environmental problems 200:226 many environmental problems 200:226 This residue is responsible for many environmental problems because it pollutes soil, water, and air. 25110726 1 45 theme power 154:158 arg1 plants 160:165 thermal power plants 146:165 thermal power plants 146:165 Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. 25110726 8 46 theme promising 1081:1089 arg1 ceramics 1046:1053 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 coal fly ash ceramics 1033:1053 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 8 46 theme promising 1081:1089 arg1 alternative 1108:1118 a promising biotechnological alternative 1079:1118 a promising biotechnological alternative 1079:1118 Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose. 25110726 2 47 theme many 200:203 arg1 problems 219:226 many environmental problems 200:226 many environmental problems 200:226 This residue is responsible for many environmental problems because it pollutes soil, water, and air. 25110726 4 48 theme subsequent 507:516 arg1 hydrolysis 518:527 subsequent hydrolysis 507:527 subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose 507:538 In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. 27955864 8 0 dep yields 828:833 arg1 glucan 810:815 glucan 810:815 glucan 810:815 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 10 1 theme pre-treatment 1239:1251 arg1 processes 1253:1261 conventional pre-treatment processes 1226:1261 conventional pre-treatment processes 1226:1261 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 27955864 8 2 theme % 858:858 arg1 yields 828:833 glucose yields 820:833 glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively 820:913 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 8 3 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 yields 828:833 glucose yields 820:833 glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively 820:913 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 9 4 theme high 974:977 arg1 C5-sugars 985:993 high total C5-sugars 974:993 high total C5-sugars 974:993 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 7 5 theme % 659:659 arg1 xylooligomers 661:673 % xylooligomers) 659:674 % xylooligomers) 659:674 % xylooligomers) were attained for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 2 6 used used 317:320 arg2 grass 306:310 elephant grass 297:310 elephant grass 297:310 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 2 6 used used 317:320 arg2 bagasse 285:291 Sugarcane bagasse 275:291 Sugarcane bagasse 275:291 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 9 7 theme total 979:983 arg1 C5-sugars 985:993 high total C5-sugars 974:993 high total C5-sugars 974:993 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 3 8 dep -0.04 538:542 arg1 to 535:536 to 535:536 to 535:536 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 8 9 theme sugarcane 864:872 arg1 bagasse 874:880 sugarcane bagasse 864:880 sugarcane bagasse 864:880 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 8 10 theme elephant 886:893 arg1 grass 895:899 elephant grass 886:899 elephant grass 886:899 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 0 11 from efficiency 149:158 arg1 Assessment 90:99 Assessment 90:99 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 4 12 dep % 611:611 arg1 34.4wt 614:619 34.4wt 614:619 34.4wt 614:619 % (34.4wt. 27955864 3 13 with conditions 474:483 arg1 factor 509:514 combined severity factor 491:514 combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04 491:542 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 2 14 theme enzymatic 422:430 arg1 saccharification 432:447 enzymatic saccharification 422:447 enzymatic saccharification 422:447 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 3 15 theme severity 500:507 arg1 factor 509:514 combined severity factor 491:514 combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04 491:542 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 0 16 theme effect 108:113 arg1 Assessment 90:99 Assessment 90:99 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 10 17 theme obtained 1144:1151 arg1 results 1153:1159 The obtained results 1140:1159 The obtained results 1140:1159 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 27955864 3 18 theme xylose 587:592 arg1 yields 594:599 xylose yields 587:599 xylose yields of 59.2wt 587:609 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 9 19 theme biomass 1131:1137 arg1 composition 1088:1098 composition 1088:1098 composition 1088:1098 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 9 19 theme biomass 1131:1137 arg1 features 1114:1121 intrinsic features 1104:1121 intrinsic features 1104:1121 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 9 20 theme lignocellulosic 1026:1040 arg1 biomasses 1042:1050 both lignocellulosic biomasses 1021:1050 both lignocellulosic biomasses 1021:1050 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 0 21 theme carbon 14:19 arg1 pre-treatment 35:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 0:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 9 22 theme dioxide/water 937:949 arg1 pre-treatment 951:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 916:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 916:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 3 23 theme pre-treatment 460:472 arg1 conditions 474:483 Different pre-treatment conditions 450:483 Different pre-treatment conditions 450:483 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 8 24 theme grass 895:899 arg1 yields 828:833 glucose yields 820:833 glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively 820:913 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 1 25 theme lignocellulosic 184:198 arg1 biomasses 200:208 two lignocellulosic biomasses 180:208 two lignocellulosic biomasses 180:208 The performance of two lignocellulosic biomasses was studied in high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment. 27955864 0 26 theme High-pressure 0:12 arg1 pre-treatment 35:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 0:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 5 27 theme % 621:621 arg1 xylooligomers 623:635 % xylooligomers) 621:636 % xylooligomers) 621:636 % xylooligomers) and 46.4wt. 27955864 3 28 dep maximal 564:570 arg1 xylan 578:582 total xylan 572:582 total xylan 572:582 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 1 29 theme biomasses 200:208 arg1 performance 165:175 The performance 161:175 The performance of two lignocellulosic biomasses 161:208 The performance of two lignocellulosic biomasses was studied in high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment. 27955864 0 30 theme composition 126:136 arg1 effect 108:113 the effect 104:113 the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency 104:158 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 3 31 theme 59.2wt 604:609 arg1 yields 594:599 xylose yields 587:599 xylose yields of 59.2wt 587:609 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 0 32 theme dioxide/water 21:33 arg1 pre-treatment 35:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 0:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 0 33 theme biomass 118:124 arg1 composition 126:136 biomass composition 118:136 biomass composition 118:136 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 0 34 from Assessment 90:99 arg1 efficiency 149:158 process efficiency 141:158 process efficiency 141:158 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 0 35 theme sugarcane 52:60 arg1 bagasse 62:68 sugarcane bagasse 52:68 sugarcane bagasse 52:68 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 0 36 theme process 141:147 arg1 efficiency 149:158 process efficiency 141:158 process efficiency 141:158 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 2 37 from hemicellulose 348:360 arg1 C5-sugars 333:341 C5-sugars 333:341 C5-sugars from hemicellulose 333:360 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 9 38 theme intrinsic 1104:1112 arg1 features 1114:1121 intrinsic features 1104:1121 intrinsic features 1104:1121 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 3 39 theme combined 491:498 arg1 factor 509:514 combined severity factor 491:514 combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04 491:542 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 2 40 theme elephant 297:304 arg1 grass 306:310 elephant grass 297:310 elephant grass 297:310 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 9 41 from biomasses 1042:1050 arg1 C5-sugars 985:993 high total C5-sugars 974:993 high total C5-sugars 974:993 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 9 41 from biomasses 1042:1050 arg1 recovery 1007:1014 glucose recovery 999:1014 glucose recovery 999:1014 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 1 42 theme high-pressure 225:237 arg1 pre-treatment 260:272 high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 225:272 high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 225:272 The performance of two lignocellulosic biomasses was studied in high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment. 27955864 3 43 theme Different 450:458 arg1 conditions 474:483 Different pre-treatment conditions 450:483 Different pre-treatment conditions 450:483 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 8 44 theme pre-treated 759:769 arg1 biomasses 771:779 pre-treated biomasses 759:779 pre-treated biomasses 759:779 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 7 45 theme elephant 716:723 arg1 grass 725:729 elephant grass 716:729 elephant grass 716:729 % xylooligomers) were attained for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 6 46 dep % 649:649 arg1 34.9wt 652:657 34.9wt 652:657 34.9wt 652:657 % (34.9wt. 27955864 0 47 theme bagasse 62:68 arg1 pre-treatment 35:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 0:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 7 48 theme sugarcane 694:702 arg1 bagasse 704:710 sugarcane bagasse 694:710 sugarcane bagasse 694:710 % xylooligomers) were attained for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 2 49 dep produce 325:331 arg1 promote 386:392 promote 386:392 to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification 383:447 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 8 50 theme % 845:845 arg1 yields 828:833 glucose yields 820:833 glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively 820:913 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 10 51 theme effective 1189:1197 arg1 approach 1174:1181 this approach 1169:1181 this approach 1169:1181 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 27955864 10 51 theme effective 1189:1197 arg1 alternative 1211:1221 an effective and greener alternative 1186:1221 an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes 1186:1261 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 27955864 9 52 theme High-pressure 916:928 arg1 pre-treatment 951:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 916:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 916:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 0 53 from effect 108:113 arg1 efficiency 149:158 process efficiency 141:158 process efficiency 141:158 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 0 54 dep pre-treatment 35:47 arg1 Assessment 90:99 Assessment 90:99 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 9 55 theme glucose 999:1005 arg1 recovery 1007:1014 glucose recovery 999:1014 glucose recovery 999:1014 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 8 56 theme 77.2mol 838:844 arg1 % 845:845 77.2mol% 838:845 77.2mol% 838:845 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 1 57 theme carbon 239:244 arg1 pre-treatment 260:272 high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 225:272 high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 225:272 The performance of two lignocellulosic biomasses was studied in high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment. 27955864 9 58 theme carbon 930:935 arg1 pre-treatment 951:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 916:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 916:963 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment provides high total C5-sugars and glucose recovery from both lignocellulosic biomasses; however it is highly influenced by composition and intrinsic features of each biomass. 27955864 8 59 theme 72.4mol 851:857 arg1 % 858:858 72.4mol% 851:858 72.4mol% 851:858 Furthermore, pre-treated biomasses were highly digestible, with glucan to glucose yields of 77.2mol% and 72.4mol% for sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass, respectively. 27955864 1 60 theme dioxide/water 246:258 arg1 pre-treatment 260:272 high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 225:272 high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 225:272 The performance of two lignocellulosic biomasses was studied in high-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment. 27955864 0 61 theme grass 83:87 arg1 pre-treatment 35:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment 0:47 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 0:159 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 3 62 theme total 572:576 arg1 xylan 578:582 total xylan 572:582 total xylan 572:582 Different pre-treatment conditions, with combined severity factor ranging from -1.17 to -0.04, were evaluated and maximal total xylan to xylose yields of 59.2wt. 27955864 10 63 theme conventional 1226:1237 arg1 processes 1253:1261 conventional pre-treatment processes 1226:1261 conventional pre-treatment processes 1226:1261 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 27955864 0 64 theme elephant 74:81 arg1 grass 83:87 elephant grass 74:87 elephant grass 74:87 High-pressure carbon dioxide/water pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass: Assessment of the effect of biomass composition on process efficiency. 27955864 2 65 theme Sugarcane 275:283 arg1 bagasse 285:291 Sugarcane bagasse 275:291 Sugarcane bagasse 275:291 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 2 66 theme cellulose 394:402 arg1 digestibility 404:416 cellulose digestibility 394:416 cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification 394:447 Sugarcane bagasse and elephant grass were used to produce C5-sugars from hemicellulose and, simultaneously, to promote cellulose digestibility for enzymatic saccharification. 27955864 10 67 theme greener 1203:1209 arg1 approach 1174:1181 this approach 1169:1181 this approach 1169:1181 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 27955864 10 67 theme greener 1203:1209 arg1 alternative 1211:1221 an effective and greener alternative 1186:1221 an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes 1186:1261 The obtained results confirm this approach as an effective and greener alternative to conventional pre-treatment processes. 26344310 1 0 from reinforcement 230:242 arg1 composites 265:274 composites 265:274 composites 265:274 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 7 1 dep produced 1211:1218 arg1 modified 1236:1243 modified 1236:1243 modified 1236:1243 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 5 2 contain had 791:793 arg2 diameter 805:812 a typical diameter 795:812 a typical diameter of 3.8nm 795:821 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 2 contain had 791:793 arg2 length 827:832 length 827:832 length of several micrometers 827:855 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 2 contain had 791:793 arg1 Nanofibres 780:789 Nanofibres 780:789 Nanofibres 780:789 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 3 theme 6nm 906:908 arg1 width 891:895 a width 889:895 a width of about 6nm 889:908 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 3 theme 6nm 906:908 arg1 length 925:930 an average length 914:930 an average length of 103-129nm 914:943 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 7 4 theme greater 1119:1125 arg1 char 1146:1149 residual char 1137:1149 residual char 1137:1149 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 7 4 theme greater 1119:1125 arg1 amount 1127:1132 a greater amount 1117:1132 a greater amount of residual char 1117:1149 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 7 5 theme residual 1137:1144 arg1 char 1146:1149 residual char 1137:1149 residual char 1137:1149 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 6 6 theme water 1035:1039 arg1 solutions 1041:1049 water solutions 1035:1049 water solutions 1035:1049 All nanocelluloses exhibited cellulose I crystalline structures and high transparency in water solutions. 26344310 5 7 theme typical 797:803 arg1 diameter 805:812 a typical diameter 795:812 a typical diameter of 3.8nm 795:821 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 3 8 theme Phosphonated 425:436 arg1 cellulose 438:446 Phosphonated cellulose 425:446 Phosphonated cellulose 425:446 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 9 theme periodate 495:503 arg1 oxidation 505:513 sequential periodate oxidation 484:513 sequential periodate oxidation 484:513 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 7 10 theme thermal 1095:1101 arg1 stability 1103:1111 good thermal stability 1090:1111 good thermal stability 1090:1111 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 1 11 theme Nanocellulosic 130:143 arg1 materials 145:153 Nanocellulosic materials 130:153 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability 130:181 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 3 12 theme birch 469:473 arg1 pulp 475:478 birch pulp 469:478 birch pulp 469:478 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 6 13 theme high 1014:1017 arg1 transparency 1019:1030 high transparency 1014:1030 high transparency 1014:1030 All nanocelluloses exhibited cellulose I crystalline structures and high transparency in water solutions. 26344310 4 14 theme bisphosphonate 670:683 arg1 nanofibres 695:704 bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres 670:704 bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres 670:704 After high-pressure homogenization, bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres or nanocrystals were obtained, depending on the initial oxidation degree. 26344310 0 15 theme sequential 33:42 arg1 characteristics 90:104 sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics 33:104 sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics 33:104 Phosphonated nanocelluloses from sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics and thermal properties. 26344310 2 16 theme thermal 369:375 arg1 stability 377:385 good thermal stability 364:385 good thermal stability 364:385 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 3 17 theme reductive 519:527 arg1 amination 529:537 reductive amination 519:537 reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent 519:631 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 1 18 with materials 145:153 arg1 stability 173:181 good thermal stability 160:181 good thermal stability 160:181 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 7 19 theme good 1090:1093 arg1 stability 1103:1111 good thermal stability 1090:1111 good thermal stability 1090:1111 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 2 20 theme good 364:367 arg1 stability 377:385 good thermal stability 364:385 good thermal stability 364:385 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 3 21 theme group-containing 562:577 arg1 alendronate 593:603 sodium alendronate 586:603 sodium alendronate 586:603 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 21 theme group-containing 562:577 arg1 reagent 625:631 a phosphonating reagent 609:631 a phosphonating reagent 609:631 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 21 theme group-containing 562:577 arg1 amine 579:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 1 22 theme thermal 165:171 arg1 stability 173:181 good thermal stability 160:181 good thermal stability 160:181 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 4 23 theme initial 754:760 arg1 degree 772:777 the initial oxidation degree 750:777 the initial oxidation degree 750:777 After high-pressure homogenization, bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres or nanocrystals were obtained, depending on the initial oxidation degree. 26344310 0 24 theme treatment-Physicochemical 64:88 arg1 characteristics 90:104 sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics 33:104 sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics 33:104 Phosphonated nanocelluloses from sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics and thermal properties. 26344310 4 25 theme cellulose 685:693 arg1 nanofibres 695:704 bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres 670:704 bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres 670:704 After high-pressure homogenization, bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres or nanocrystals were obtained, depending on the initial oxidation degree. 26344310 5 26 theme several 837:843 arg1 micrometers 845:855 several micrometers 837:855 several micrometers 837:855 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 0 27 theme oxidative-reductive 44:62 arg1 characteristics 90:104 sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics 33:104 sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics 33:104 Phosphonated nanocelluloses from sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics and thermal properties. 26344310 5 28 theme micrometers 845:855 arg1 diameter 805:812 a typical diameter 795:812 a typical diameter of 3.8nm 795:821 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 28 theme micrometers 845:855 arg1 length 827:832 length 827:832 length of several micrometers 827:855 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 6 29 theme crystalline 987:997 arg1 structures 999:1008 cellulose I crystalline structures 975:1008 cellulose I crystalline structures 975:1008 All nanocelluloses exhibited cellulose I crystalline structures and high transparency in water solutions. 26344310 2 30 theme present 284:290 arg1 work 292:295 the present work 280:295 the present work 280:295 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 3 31 theme bisphosphonate 547:560 arg1 alendronate 593:603 sodium alendronate 586:603 sodium alendronate 586:603 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 31 theme bisphosphonate 547:560 arg1 reagent 625:631 a phosphonating reagent 609:631 a phosphonating reagent 609:631 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 31 theme bisphosphonate 547:560 arg1 amine 579:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 5 32 theme average 917:923 arg1 length 925:930 an average length 914:930 an average length of 103-129nm 914:943 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 6 33 theme I 985:985 arg1 structures 999:1008 cellulose I crystalline structures 975:1008 cellulose I crystalline structures 975:1008 All nanocelluloses exhibited cellulose I crystalline structures and high transparency in water solutions. 26344310 5 34 theme 103-129nm 935:943 arg1 width 891:895 a width 889:895 a width of about 6nm 889:908 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 34 theme 103-129nm 935:943 arg1 length 925:930 an average length 914:930 an average length of 103-129nm 914:943 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 7 35 theme produced 1211:1218 arg1 NFC 1245:1247 mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC 1198:1247 mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC 1198:1247 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 3 36 theme sequential 484:493 arg1 oxidation 505:513 sequential periodate oxidation 484:513 sequential periodate oxidation 484:513 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 6 37 theme cellulose 975:983 arg1 structures 999:1008 cellulose I crystalline structures 975:1008 cellulose I crystalline structures 975:1008 All nanocelluloses exhibited cellulose I crystalline structures and high transparency in water solutions. 26344310 1 38 dep reinforcement 230:242 arg1 agents 255:260 agents 255:260 agents 255:260 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 2 39 theme intumescent 401:411 arg1 properties 413:422 potential intumescent properties 391:422 potential intumescent properties 391:422 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 7 40 theme Phosphonated 1052:1063 arg1 nanocelluloses 1065:1078 Phosphonated nanocelluloses 1052:1078 Phosphonated nanocelluloses 1052:1078 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 4 41 theme high-pressure 640:652 arg1 homogenization 654:667 high-pressure homogenization 640:667 high-pressure homogenization 640:667 After high-pressure homogenization, bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres or nanocrystals were obtained, depending on the initial oxidation degree. 26344310 5 42 theme 3.8nm 817:821 arg1 diameter 805:812 a typical diameter 795:812 a typical diameter of 3.8nm 795:821 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 5 42 theme 3.8nm 817:821 arg1 length 827:832 length 827:832 length of several micrometers 827:855 Nanofibres had a typical diameter of 3.8nm and length of several micrometers, whereas nanocrystals exhibited a width of about 6nm and an average length of 103-129nm. 26344310 2 43 theme potential 391:399 arg1 properties 413:422 potential intumescent properties 391:422 potential intumescent properties 391:422 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 1 44 theme good 160:163 arg1 stability 173:181 good thermal stability 160:181 good thermal stability 160:181 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 7 45 theme birch 1183:1187 arg1 pulp 1189:1192 birch pulp 1183:1192 birch pulp 1183:1192 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 7 46 theme char 1146:1149 arg1 char 1146:1149 residual char 1137:1149 residual char 1137:1149 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 7 46 theme char 1146:1149 arg1 amount 1127:1132 a greater amount 1117:1132 a greater amount of residual char 1117:1149 Phosphonated nanocelluloses exhibited good thermal stability and a greater amount of residual char was formed at 700°C compared to birch pulp and mechanically produced, non-chemically modified NFC. 26344310 3 47 theme sodium 586:591 arg1 alendronate 593:603 sodium alendronate 586:603 sodium alendronate 586:603 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 47 theme sodium 586:591 arg1 amine 579:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 2 48 theme phosphonated 298:309 arg1 cellulose 311:319 phosphonated cellulose 298:319 phosphonated cellulose 298:319 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 1 49 from filler 248:253 arg1 composites 265:274 composites 265:274 composites 265:274 Nanocellulosic materials with good thermal stability are highly desirable for applications, such as reinforcement and filler agents in composites. 26344310 3 50 theme phosphonating 611:623 arg1 amine 579:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 a bisphosphonate group-containing amine 545:583 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 3 50 theme phosphonating 611:623 arg1 reagent 625:631 a phosphonating reagent 609:631 a phosphonating reagent 609:631 Phosphonated cellulose was synthetized from birch pulp via sequential periodate oxidation and reductive amination using a bisphosphonate group-containing amine, sodium alendronate, as a phosphonating reagent. 26344310 2 51 with nanocelluloses 344:357 arg1 properties 413:422 potential intumescent properties 391:422 potential intumescent properties 391:422 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 2 51 with nanocelluloses 344:357 arg1 stability 377:385 good thermal stability 364:385 good thermal stability 364:385 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 26344310 0 52 theme thermal 110:116 arg1 properties 118:127 thermal properties 110:127 thermal properties 110:127 Phosphonated nanocelluloses from sequential oxidative-reductive treatment-Physicochemical characteristics and thermal properties. 26344310 4 53 theme oxidation 762:770 arg1 degree 772:777 the initial oxidation degree 750:777 the initial oxidation degree 750:777 After high-pressure homogenization, bisphosphonate cellulose nanofibres or nanocrystals were obtained, depending on the initial oxidation degree. 26344310 2 54 used utilized 325:332 arg2 cellulose 311:319 phosphonated cellulose 298:319 phosphonated cellulose 298:319 In the present work, phosphonated cellulose was utilized to obtain nanocelluloses with good thermal stability and potential intumescent properties. 27893856 10 0 theme molecular 1679:1687 arg1 markers 1689:1695 molecular markers 1679:1695 molecular markers of embryogenic cells 1679:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 10 0 theme molecular 1679:1687 arg1 distribution 1615:1626 the distribution 1611:1626 the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses 1611:1662 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 8 1 from presence 1357:1364 arg1 surface 1400:1406 the surface 1396:1406 the surface of the calli cells 1396:1425 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 6 2 theme LM6 1156:1158 arg1 antibody 1160:1167 the LM6 antibody 1152:1167 the LM6 antibody 1152:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 3 theme extensin 1050:1057 arg1 epitope 1059:1065 an extensin epitope 1047:1065 an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody 1047:1106 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 2 4 theme various 259:265 arg1 areas 267:271 various areas 259:271 various areas of grass biology 259:288 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 5 5 theme microscopy 859:868 arg1 analyses 876:883 histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses 824:883 histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses 824:883 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 11 6 theme chemical 1770:1777 arg1 composition 1779:1789 the chemical composition 1766:1789 the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium 1766:1837 The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium. 27893856 6 7 theme calli 971:975 arg1 components 932:941 the characteristic cell wall components 903:941 the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli 903:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 7 theme calli 971:975 arg1 epitopes 985:992 AGP epitopes 981:992 AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody 981:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 4 8 theme antigens 621:628 arg1 AGP 687:689 AGP 687:689 AGP 687:689 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 4 8 theme antigens 621:628 arg1 proteins 677:684 the arabinogalactan proteins 657:684 the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) 657:690 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 2 9 theme biology 282:288 arg1 areas 267:271 various areas 259:271 various areas of grass biology 259:288 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 5 10 theme histological 824:835 arg1 microscopy 859:868 histological and scanning electron microscopy 824:868 microscopy 859:868 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 5 10 theme histological 824:835 arg1 SEM 871:873 SEM 871:873 SEM 871:873 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 6 11 theme Brachypodium 946:957 arg1 calli 971:975 Brachypodium embryogenic calli 946:975 Brachypodium embryogenic calli 946:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 8 12 theme cells 1421:1425 arg1 surface 1400:1406 the surface 1396:1406 the surface of the calli cells 1396:1425 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 11 13 theme embryogenic 1798:1808 arg1 cells 1817:1821 the embryogenic callus cells 1794:1821 the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium 1794:1837 The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium. 27893856 5 14 theme scanning 841:848 arg1 microscopy 859:868 histological and scanning electron microscopy 824:868 microscopy 859:868 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 5 14 theme scanning 841:848 arg1 SEM 871:873 SEM 871:873 SEM 871:873 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 2 15 theme model 208:212 arg1 system 214:219 an excellent model system 195:219 an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding 195:317 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 6 16 theme cell 922:925 arg1 components 932:941 the characteristic cell wall components 903:941 the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli 903:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 16 theme cell 922:925 arg1 epitopes 985:992 AGP epitopes 981:992 AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody 981:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 9 17 theme walls 1481:1485 arg1 ECMSN 1491:1495 ECMSN 1491:1495 ECMSN of Brachypodium callus 1491:1518 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 9 17 theme walls 1481:1485 arg1 compositions 1456:1467 the chemical compositions 1443:1467 the chemical compositions of the cell walls 1443:1485 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 0 18 theme Embryogenic 70:80 arg1 Callus 82:87 the Embryogenic Callus 66:87 the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon 66:114 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 9 19 theme Brachypodium 1500:1511 arg1 callus 1513:1518 Brachypodium callus 1500:1518 Brachypodium callus 1500:1518 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 8 20 theme SEM 1327:1329 arg1 analysis 1331:1338 SEM analysis 1327:1338 SEM analysis 1327:1338 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 8 21 attach presence 1357:1364 arg1 surface 1400:1406 the surface 1396:1406 the surface of the calli cells 1396:1425 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 8 21 attach presence 1357:1364 arg2 matrix 1386:1391 an extracellular matrix 1369:1391 an extracellular matrix 1369:1391 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 6 22 theme AGP 981:983 arg1 components 932:941 the characteristic cell wall components 903:941 the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli 903:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 22 theme AGP 981:983 arg1 epitopes 985:992 AGP epitopes 981:992 AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody 981:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 10 23 theme pectins 1631:1637 arg1 markers 1689:1695 molecular markers 1679:1695 molecular markers of embryogenic cells 1679:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 10 23 theme pectins 1631:1637 arg1 distribution 1615:1626 the distribution 1611:1626 the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses 1611:1662 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 0 24 theme distachyon 105:114 arg1 Callus 82:87 the Embryogenic Callus 66:87 the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon 66:114 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 11 25 theme presented 1723:1731 arg1 data 1733:1736 The presented data 1719:1736 The presented data 1719:1736 The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium. 27893856 0 26 theme Spatial 0:6 arg1 Distribution 8:19 Spatial Distribution 0:19 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 0:115 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 10 27 theme hemicelluloses 1649:1662 arg1 markers 1689:1695 molecular markers 1679:1695 molecular markers of embryogenic cells 1679:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 10 27 theme hemicelluloses 1649:1662 arg1 distribution 1615:1626 the distribution 1611:1626 the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses 1611:1662 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 7 28 theme Brachypodium 1279:1290 arg1 culture 1304:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 3 29 theme somatic 398:404 arg1 embryogenesis 406:418 somatic embryogenesis 398:418 somatic embryogenesis 398:418 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 6 30 theme LM2 1031:1033 arg1 antibodies 1035:1044 the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies 1017:1044 the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies 1017:1044 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 8 31 theme matrix 1386:1391 arg1 presence 1357:1364 the presence 1353:1364 the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells 1353:1425 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 10 32 theme AGPs 1640:1643 arg1 markers 1689:1695 molecular markers 1679:1695 molecular markers of embryogenic cells 1679:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 10 32 theme AGPs 1640:1643 arg1 distribution 1615:1626 the distribution 1611:1626 the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses 1611:1662 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 0 33 theme Chemical 33:40 arg1 Components 52:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 7 34 theme network 1268:1274 arg1 pectins 1213:1219 pectins 1213:1219 pectins 1213:1219 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 7 34 theme network 1268:1274 arg1 components 1229:1238 the components 1225:1238 the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1225:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 7 34 theme network 1268:1274 arg1 AGPs 1204:1207 AGPs 1204:1207 AGPs 1204:1207 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 3 35 theme culture 380:386 arg1 studies 344:350 some studies 339:350 some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis 339:418 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 3 35 theme culture 380:386 arg1 embryogenesis 406:418 somatic embryogenesis 398:418 somatic embryogenesis 398:418 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 3 36 from composition 447:457 arg1 callus 511:516 the embryogenic callus 495:516 the embryogenic callus in this species 495:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 3 37 theme wall 476:479 arg1 components 481:490 the main cell wall components 462:490 the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 462:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 0 38 theme Wall 47:50 arg1 Components 52:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 7 39 theme extracellular 1247:1259 arg1 network 1268:1274 the extracellular matrix network 1243:1274 the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1243:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 4 40 theme recognised 762:771 arg1 hemicelluloses 773:786 two recognised hemicelluloses 758:786 two recognised hemicelluloses 758:786 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 3 41 theme main 466:469 arg1 components 481:490 the main cell wall components 462:490 the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 462:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 10 42 theme cells 1712:1716 arg1 markers 1689:1695 molecular markers 1679:1695 molecular markers of embryogenic cells 1679:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 10 42 theme cells 1712:1716 arg1 distribution 1615:1626 the distribution 1611:1626 the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses 1611:1662 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 8 43 theme calli 1415:1419 arg1 cells 1421:1425 the calli cells 1411:1425 the calli cells 1411:1425 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 3 44 theme embryogenic 499:509 arg1 callus 511:516 the embryogenic callus 495:516 the embryogenic callus in this species 495:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 6 45 theme characteristic 907:920 arg1 components 932:941 the characteristic cell wall components 903:941 the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli 903:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 45 theme characteristic 907:920 arg1 epitopes 985:992 AGP epitopes 981:992 AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody 981:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 2 46 theme grass 276:280 arg1 biology 282:288 grass biology 276:288 grass biology 276:288 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 2 47 dep species 171:177 arg1 Brachypodium 152:163 Brachypodium 152:163 Brachypodium 152:163 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 11 48 theme Brachypodium 1826:1837 arg1 cells 1817:1821 the embryogenic callus cells 1794:1821 the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium 1794:1837 The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium. 27893856 3 49 from callus 511:516 arg1 species 526:532 this species 521:532 this species 521:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 3 49 from callus 511:516 arg1 composition 447:457 the composition 443:457 the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 443:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 2 50 theme areas 267:271 arg1 understanding 242:254 a better understanding 233:254 a better understanding of various areas of grass biology 233:288 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 5 51 theme electron 850:857 arg1 microscopy 859:868 histological and scanning electron microscopy 824:868 microscopy 859:868 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 5 51 theme electron 850:857 arg1 SEM 871:873 SEM 871:873 SEM 871:873 These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. 27893856 7 52 from components 1229:1238 arg1 culture 1304:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 2 53 theme plant 304:308 arg1 breeding 310:317 plant breeding 304:317 plant breeding 304:317 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 3 54 from components 481:490 arg1 callus 511:516 the embryogenic callus 495:516 the embryogenic callus in this species 495:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 6 55 theme embryogenic 959:969 arg1 calli 971:975 Brachypodium embryogenic calli 946:975 Brachypodium embryogenic calli 946:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 56 theme pectic 1114:1119 arg1 epitopes 1121:1128 a pectic epitopes 1112:1128 a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody 1112:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 4 57 theme different 611:619 arg1 antigens 621:628 17 different antigens 608:628 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses 608:786 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 9 58 theme chemical 1447:1454 arg1 compositions 1456:1467 the chemical compositions 1443:1467 the chemical compositions of the cell walls 1443:1485 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 11 59 theme callus 1810:1815 arg1 cells 1817:1821 the embryogenic callus cells 1794:1821 the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium 1794:1837 The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium. 27893856 6 60 theme wall 927:930 arg1 components 932:941 the characteristic cell wall components 903:941 the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli 903:975 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 6 60 theme wall 927:930 arg1 epitopes 985:992 AGP epitopes 981:992 AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody 981:1167 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 9 61 theme cell 1476:1479 arg1 walls 1481:1485 the cell walls 1472:1485 the cell walls 1472:1485 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 6 62 theme JIM16 1021:1025 arg1 antibodies 1035:1044 the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies 1017:1044 the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies 1017:1044 We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. 27893856 4 63 theme pectic 738:743 arg1 epitopes 745:752 six recognised pectic epitopes 723:752 six recognised pectic epitopes 723:752 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 11 64 theme cells 1817:1821 arg1 composition 1779:1789 the chemical composition 1766:1789 the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium 1766:1837 The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium. 27893856 2 65 theme better 235:240 arg1 understanding 242:254 a better understanding 233:254 a better understanding of various areas of grass biology 233:288 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 4 66 theme arabinogalactan 661:675 arg1 AGP 687:689 AGP 687:689 AGP 687:689 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 4 66 theme arabinogalactan 661:675 arg1 proteins 677:684 the arabinogalactan proteins 657:684 the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) 657:690 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 0 67 from Distribution 8:19 arg1 Callus 82:87 the Embryogenic Callus 66:87 the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon 66:114 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 3 68 dep in 358:359 arg1 vitro 361:365 vitro 361:365 vitro 361:365 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 0 69 theme Brachypodium 92:103 arg1 distachyon 105:114 Brachypodium distachyon 92:114 Brachypodium distachyon 92:114 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 9 70 theme callus 1513:1518 arg1 ECMSN 1491:1495 ECMSN 1491:1495 ECMSN of Brachypodium callus 1491:1518 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 9 70 theme callus 1513:1518 arg1 compositions 1456:1467 the chemical compositions 1443:1467 the chemical compositions of the cell walls 1443:1485 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 4 71 theme recognised 727:736 arg1 epitopes 745:752 six recognised pectic epitopes 723:752 six recognised pectic epitopes 723:752 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27893856 9 72 theme spatial 1525:1531 arg1 differences 1533:1543 spatial differences 1525:1543 spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells 1525:1602 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 7 73 theme embryogenic 1292:1302 arg1 culture 1304:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 3 74 theme Brachypodium 367:378 arg1 culture 380:386 an in vitro Brachypodium culture 355:386 an in vitro Brachypodium culture 355:386 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 3 75 theme detailed 421:428 arg1 knowledge 430:438 detailed knowledge 421:438 detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 421:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 0 76 theme Selected 24:31 arg1 Components 52:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 3 77 theme in 358:359 arg1 culture 380:386 an in vitro Brachypodium culture 355:386 an in vitro Brachypodium culture 355:386 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 10 78 theme embryogenic 1700:1710 arg1 cells 1712:1716 embryogenic cells 1700:1716 embryogenic cells 1700:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 0 79 theme Cell 42:45 arg1 Components 52:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components 24:61 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 9 80 theme embryogenic 1569:1579 arg1 character 1581:1589 the embryogenic character 1565:1589 the embryogenic character of the cells 1565:1602 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 7 81 theme matrix 1261:1266 arg1 network 1268:1274 the extracellular matrix network 1243:1274 the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1243:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 8 82 theme extracellular 1372:1384 arg1 matrix 1386:1391 an extracellular matrix 1369:1391 an extracellular matrix 1369:1391 Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. 27893856 3 83 theme composition 447:457 arg1 knowledge 430:438 detailed knowledge 421:438 detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 421:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 0 84 theme Components 52:61 arg1 Distribution 8:19 Spatial Distribution 0:19 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 0:115 Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon. 27893856 7 85 from network 1268:1274 arg1 culture 1304:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1279:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 2 86 theme excellent 198:206 arg1 system 214:219 an excellent model system 195:219 an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding 195:317 (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. 27893856 3 87 theme components 481:490 arg1 composition 447:457 the composition 443:457 the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 443:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 9 88 theme cells 1598:1602 arg1 character 1581:1589 the embryogenic character 1565:1589 the embryogenic character of the cells 1565:1602 In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. 27893856 3 89 theme cell 471:474 arg1 components 481:490 the main cell wall components 462:490 the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species 462:532 Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. 27893856 10 90 used used 1671:1674 arg2 markers 1689:1695 molecular markers 1679:1695 molecular markers of embryogenic cells 1679:1716 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 10 90 used used 1671:1674 arg2 distribution 1615:1626 the distribution 1611:1626 the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses 1611:1662 Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. 27893856 7 91 from culture 1304:1310 arg1 pectins 1213:1219 pectins 1213:1219 pectins 1213:1219 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 7 91 from culture 1304:1310 arg1 components 1229:1238 the components 1225:1238 the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture 1225:1310 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 7 91 from culture 1304:1310 arg1 AGPs 1204:1207 AGPs 1204:1207 AGPs 1204:1207 Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. 27893856 4 92 theme immunocytochemical 567:584 arg1 approach 586:593 the immunocytochemical approach 563:593 the immunocytochemical approach 563:593 Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. 27198846 0 0 theme microbial 81:89 arg1 composition 101:111 microbial community composition 81:111 microbial community composition 81:111 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 4 1 dep esterified 851:860 arg1 high-methyl 839:849 high-methyl 839:849 high-methyl 839:849 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 4 2 theme pectin 862:867 arg1 present 869:875 high-methyl esterified pectin present 839:875 high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon 839:942 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 4 3 theme esterified 851:860 arg1 present 869:875 high-methyl esterified pectin present 839:875 high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon 839:942 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 7 4 theme potential 1482:1490 arg1 effects 1509:1515 potential health-promoting effects 1482:1515 potential health-promoting effects 1482:1515 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 7 5 from flora 1433:1437 arg1 microbiota 1390:1399 the colonic microbiota 1378:1399 the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community 1378:1474 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 1 6 theme SCFA 348:351 arg1 levels 353:358 SCFA levels 348:358 SCFA levels 348:358 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 3 7 from fermentation 698:709 arg1 colon 727:731 the proximal colon 714:731 the proximal colon 714:731 LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. 27198846 2 8 theme meal 559:562 arg1 diet 573:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet 528:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) 528:583 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 8 theme meal 559:562 arg1 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 4 9 from microbiota 911:920 arg1 colon 938:942 the proximal colon 925:942 the proximal colon 925:942 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 characteristics 34:48 fermentation characteristics 21:48 fermentation characteristics 21:48 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 utilization 64:74 carbohydrate utilization 51:74 carbohydrate utilization 51:74 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 tract 137:141 the gastrointestinal tract 116:141 the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs 116:157 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 101:111 microbial community composition 81:111 microbial community composition 81:111 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 2 11 theme enriched 564:571 arg1 diet 573:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet 528:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) 528:583 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 11 theme enriched 564:571 arg1 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 1 12 theme other 257:261 arg1 carbohydrates 272:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 0 13 theme community 91:99 arg1 composition 101:111 microbial community composition 81:111 microbial community composition 81:111 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 5 14 theme dietary 1048:1054 arg1 fiber 1056:1060 cereal dietary fiber 1041:1060 cereal dietary fiber 1041:1060 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 1 15 from alterations 306:316 arg1 intestine 367:375 the intestine 363:375 the intestine of pigs 363:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 7 16 theme colonic 1382:1388 arg1 microbiota 1390:1399 the colonic microbiota 1378:1399 the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community 1378:1474 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 1 17 theme consumed 263:270 arg1 carbohydrates 272:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 2 18 theme pectin 500:505 arg1 HMP 522:524 HMP 522:524 HMP 522:524 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 18 theme pectin 500:505 arg1 diet 516:519 pectin enriched diet 500:519 pectin enriched diet (HMP) 500:525 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 5 19 theme fiber 1056:1060 arg1 fermentation 1025:1036 the fermentation 1021:1036 the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber 1021:1060 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 2 20 theme control 590:596 arg1 CONT 604:607 CONT 604:607 CONT 604:607 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 20 theme control 590:596 arg1 diet 598:601 a control diet 588:601 a control diet (CONT) 588:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 7 21 theme digestion 1318:1326 arg1 processes 1328:1336 the digestion processes 1314:1336 the digestion processes 1314:1336 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 2 22 theme enriched 454:461 arg1 diet 463:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet 423:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP) 423:472 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 22 theme enriched 454:461 arg1 high-methyl 477:487 a high-methyl 475:487 a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT) 475:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 22 theme enriched 454:461 arg1 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 5 23 theme distal 1070:1075 arg1 parts 1077:1081 more distal parts 1065:1081 more distal parts 1065:1081 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 2 24 theme esterified 436:445 arg1 diet 463:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet 423:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP) 423:472 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 24 theme esterified 436:445 arg1 high-methyl 477:487 a high-methyl 475:487 a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT) 475:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 24 theme esterified 436:445 arg1 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 7 25 theme control 1354:1360 arg1 diet 1362:1365 the control diet 1350:1365 the control diet 1350:1365 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 1 26 from intestine 367:375 arg1 digestion 244:252 the digestion 240:252 the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 240:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 3 27 theme starch 666:671 arg1 digestibility 649:661 the ileal digestibility 639:661 the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon 639:731 LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. 27198846 1 28 from carbohydrates 272:284 arg1 intestine 367:375 the intestine 363:375 the intestine of pigs 363:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 1 29 dep SCOPE 160:164 arg1 aimed 169:173 aimed 169:173 aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 169:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 2 30 theme treated 543:549 arg1 diet 573:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet 528:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) 528:583 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 30 theme treated 543:549 arg1 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 1 31 from digestion 244:252 arg1 intestine 367:375 the intestine 363:375 the intestine of pigs 363:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 1 32 theme carbohydrates 272:284 arg1 digestion 244:252 the digestion 240:252 the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 240:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 7 33 theme Lactobacillus-dominating 1408:1431 arg1 flora 1433:1437 a Lactobacillus-dominating flora 1406:1437 a Lactobacillus-dominating flora 1406:1437 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 5 34 from levels 1107:1112 arg1 colon 1125:1129 the mid colon 1117:1129 the mid colon 1117:1129 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 2 35 theme low-methyl 425:434 arg1 diet 463:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet 423:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP) 423:472 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 35 theme low-methyl 425:434 arg1 high-methyl 477:487 a high-methyl 475:487 a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT) 475:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 35 theme low-methyl 425:434 arg1 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 6 36 theme Lactobacillus 1197:1209 arg1 abundance 1174:1182 the relative abundance 1161:1182 the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus 1161:1209 LMP, HMP, and aSBM decreased the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and increased that of Prevotella in the colon. 27198846 7 37 dep CONCLUSION 1258:1267 arg1 affected 1305:1312 affected 1305:1312 affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet 1305:1365 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 7 37 dep CONCLUSION 1258:1267 arg1 shaped 1371:1376 shaped 1371:1376 shaped 1371:1376 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 0 38 theme pectin 11:16 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 0:158 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 5 39 theme mid 1121:1123 arg1 colon 1125:1129 the mid colon 1117:1129 the mid colon 1117:1129 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 0 40 theme gastrointestinal 120:135 arg1 tract 137:141 the gastrointestinal tract 116:141 the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs 116:157 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 1 41 theme pigs 380:383 arg1 intestine 367:375 the intestine 363:375 the intestine of pigs 363:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 3 42 theme starch 691:696 arg1 fermentation 698:709 more starch fermentation 686:709 more starch fermentation in the proximal colon 686:731 LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. 27198846 0 43 theme weaning 146:152 arg1 pigs 154:157 weaning pigs 146:157 weaning pigs 146:157 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 4 44 theme esterified 759:768 arg1 present 777:783 low-methyl esterified pectin present 748:783 low-methyl esterified pectin present 748:783 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 0 45 theme fermentation 21:32 arg1 characteristics 34:48 fermentation characteristics 21:48 fermentation characteristics 21:48 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 1 46 theme consequent 295:304 arg1 alterations 306:316 the consequent alterations 291:316 the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 291:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 7 47 theme health-promoting 1492:1507 arg1 effects 1509:1515 potential health-promoting effects 1482:1515 potential health-promoting effects 1482:1515 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 4 48 theme low-methyl 748:757 arg1 present 777:783 low-methyl esterified pectin present 748:783 low-methyl esterified pectin present 748:783 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 1 49 theme different 211:219 arg1 pectins 229:235 three different soluble pectins 205:235 three different soluble pectins 205:235 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 0 50 theme carbohydrate 51:62 arg1 utilization 64:74 carbohydrate utilization 51:74 carbohydrate utilization 51:74 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 1 51 theme alterations 306:316 arg1 digestion 244:252 the digestion 240:252 the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 240:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 2 52 theme soybean 551:557 arg1 diet 573:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet 528:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) 528:583 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 52 theme soybean 551:557 arg1 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 5 53 theme cereal 1041:1046 arg1 fiber 1056:1060 cereal dietary fiber 1041:1060 cereal dietary fiber 1041:1060 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 1 54 theme levels 353:358 arg1 alterations 306:316 the consequent alterations 291:316 the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 291:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 1 54 theme levels 353:358 arg1 carbohydrates 272:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 5 55 theme SCFA 1102:1105 arg1 levels 1107:1112 high SCFA levels 1097:1112 high SCFA levels in the mid colon 1097:1129 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 0 56 theme pigs 154:157 arg1 tract 137:141 the gastrointestinal tract 116:141 the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs 116:157 Effects of pectin on fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate utilization, and microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs. 27198846 5 57 theme proximal 994:1001 arg1 colon 1003:1007 the proximal colon 990:1007 the proximal colon 990:1007 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 4 58 theme pectin 770:775 arg1 present 777:783 low-methyl esterified pectin present 748:783 low-methyl esterified pectin present 748:783 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 1 59 from effects 194:200 arg1 digestion 244:252 the digestion 240:252 the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 240:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 3 60 theme ileal 643:647 arg1 digestibility 649:661 the ileal digestibility 639:661 the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon 639:731 LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. 27198846 1 61 theme microbiota 321:330 arg1 composition 332:342 microbiota composition 321:342 microbiota composition 321:342 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 2 62 theme hydrothermal 530:541 arg1 diet 573:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet 528:576 a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) 528:583 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 62 theme hydrothermal 530:541 arg1 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 aSBM 579:582 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 5 63 theme Treated 945:951 arg1 meal 961:964 Treated soybean meal 945:964 Treated soybean meal 945:964 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 6 64 theme relative 1165:1172 arg1 abundance 1174:1182 the relative abundance 1161:1182 the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus 1161:1209 LMP, HMP, and aSBM decreased the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and increased that of Prevotella in the colon. 27198846 7 65 theme Prevotella-dominating 1444:1464 arg1 community 1466:1474 a Prevotella-dominating community 1442:1474 a Prevotella-dominating community 1442:1474 CONCLUSION The LMP, HMP, and aSBM, differently affected the digestion processes compared to the control diet and shaped the colonic microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominating flora to a Prevotella-dominating community, with potential health-promoting effects. 27198846 5 66 theme high 1097:1100 arg1 levels 1107:1112 high SCFA levels 1097:1112 high SCFA levels in the mid colon 1097:1129 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 1 67 theme soluble 221:227 arg1 pectins 229:235 three different soluble pectins 205:235 three different soluble pectins 205:235 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 3 68 theme proximal 718:725 arg1 colon 727:731 the proximal colon 714:731 the proximal colon 714:731 LMP significantly decreased the ileal digestibility of starch resulting in more starch fermentation in the proximal colon. 27198846 5 69 theme soybean 953:959 arg1 meal 961:964 Treated soybean meal 945:964 Treated soybean meal 945:964 Treated soybean meal was mainly fermented in the proximal colon and shifted the fermentation of cereal dietary fiber to more distal parts, resulting in high SCFA levels in the mid colon. 27198846 1 70 theme pectins 229:235 arg1 effects 194:200 the effects 190:200 the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 190:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 4 71 theme proximal 929:936 arg1 colon 938:942 the proximal colon 925:942 the proximal colon 925:942 In the ileum, low-methyl esterified pectin present was more efficiently fermented by the microbiota than high-methyl esterified pectin present which was mainly fermented by the microbiota in the proximal colon. 27198846 1 72 theme composition 332:342 arg1 alterations 306:316 the consequent alterations 291:316 the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs 291:383 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 1 72 theme composition 332:342 arg1 carbohydrates 272:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 other consumed carbohydrates 257:284 SCOPE We aimed to investigate the effects of three different soluble pectins on the digestion of other consumed carbohydrates, and the consequent alterations of microbiota composition and SCFA levels in the intestine of pigs. 27198846 2 73 dep METHODS 386:392 arg1 fed 419:421 fed 419:421 were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT) 414:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 74 theme pectin 447:452 arg1 diet 463:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet 423:466 a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP) 423:472 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 74 theme pectin 447:452 arg1 high-methyl 477:487 a high-methyl 475:487 a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT) 475:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 74 theme pectin 447:452 arg1 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 LMP 469:471 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 6 75 theme genus 1191:1195 arg1 Lactobacillus 1197:1209 the genus Lactobacillus 1187:1209 the genus Lactobacillus 1187:1209 LMP, HMP, and aSBM decreased the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and increased that of Prevotella in the colon. 27198846 2 76 theme enriched 507:514 arg1 HMP 522:524 HMP 522:524 HMP 522:524 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 27198846 2 76 theme enriched 507:514 arg1 diet 516:519 pectin enriched diet 500:519 pectin enriched diet (HMP) 500:525 METHODS AND RESULTS Piglets were fed a low-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (LMP), a high-methyl esterified pectin enriched diet (HMP), a hydrothermal treated soybean meal enriched diet (aSBM) or a control diet (CONT). 26358415 0 0 from Analysis 18:25 arg1 Bacteria 71:78 Bacteria 71:78 Bacteria 71:78 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 0 0 from Analysis 18:25 arg1 Plants 60:65 Plants 60:65 Plants 60:65 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 0 0 from Analysis 18:25 arg1 Arabidopsis 83:93 Arabidopsis 83:93 Arabidopsis 83:93 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 2 1 dep [EcGLGB 573:579 arg1 BE 570:571 BE 570:571 BE 570:571 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 1 2 theme amylopectin 244:254 arg1 pattern 271:277 the branching pattern 257:277 the branching pattern 257:277 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 2 theme amylopectin 244:254 arg1 factors 306:312 the key factors 298:312 the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules 298:376 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 2 theme amylopectin 244:254 arg1 one 291:293 one 291:293 one 291:293 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 0 3 theme Granule 172:178 arg1 Formation 180:188 Starch Granule Formation 165:188 Starch Granule Formation 165:188 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 5 4 dep I 965:965 arg1 BE 967:968 BE 967:968 BE 967:968 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 2 5 theme mays 495:498 arg1 BE2a 500:503 Zea mays BE2a 491:503 Zea mays BE2a 491:503 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 5 theme mays 495:498 arg1 maize 484:488 maize 484:488 maize (Zea mays BE2a) 484:504 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 5 6 theme partial 1002:1008 arg1 complementation 1010:1024 partial complementation 1002:1024 partial complementation 1002:1024 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 2 7 theme types 450:454 arg1 functions 405:413 the functions 401:413 the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types 401:454 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 3 8 dep types 754:758 arg1 BE 751:752 BE 751:752 BE 751:752 The expression of each of these three BE types restored starch biosynthesis to differing degrees. 26358415 3 9 theme each 731:734 arg1 expression 717:726 The expression 713:726 The expression of each of these three BE types 713:758 The expression of each of these three BE types restored starch biosynthesis to differing degrees. 26358415 2 10 theme Zea 491:493 arg1 BE2a 500:503 Zea mays BE2a 491:503 Zea mays BE2a 491:503 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 10 theme Zea 491:493 arg1 maize 484:488 maize 484:488 maize (Zea mays BE2a) 484:504 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 7 11 theme crystallization-competent 1345:1369 arg1 polymers 1383:1390 crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers 1345:1390 crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers 1345:1390 Nevertheless, each type of BE together with the starch synthases and debranching enyzmes were able to create crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers. 26358415 6 12 theme chain 1158:1162 arg1 distribution 1171:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 13 theme glycogen 1069:1076 arg1 EcGLGB 1081:1086 the glycogen BE EcGLGB 1065:1086 the glycogen BE EcGLGB 1065:1086 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 2 14 dep deficient 644:652 arg1 make 700:703 make 700:703 cannot make starch 693:710 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 1 15 theme branching 261:269 arg1 pattern 271:277 the branching pattern 257:277 the branching pattern 257:277 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 15 theme branching 261:269 arg1 factors 306:312 the key factors 298:312 the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules 298:376 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 15 theme branching 261:269 arg1 one 291:293 one 291:293 one 291:293 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 5 16 from potato 975:980 arg1 StBE1 983:987 StBE1 983:987 StBE1 983:987 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 5 16 from potato 975:980 arg1 I 965:965 the class I BE 955:968 the class I BE from potato 955:980 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 5 16 from potato 975:980 arg1 Expression 941:950 Expression 941:950 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, 941:988 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 7 17 theme amylopectin 1371:1381 arg1 polymers 1383:1390 crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers 1345:1390 crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers 1345:1390 Nevertheless, each type of BE together with the starch synthases and debranching enyzmes were able to create crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers. 26358415 6 18 theme unusual 1150:1156 arg1 distribution 1171:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 7 19 theme debranching 1305:1315 arg1 enyzmes 1317:1323 debranching enyzmes 1305:1323 debranching enyzmes 1305:1323 Nevertheless, each type of BE together with the starch synthases and debranching enyzmes were able to create crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers. 26358415 8 20 dep the 1450:1452 arg1 BE 1454:1455 BE 1454:1455 BE 1454:1455 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 8 21 theme fine 1503:1506 arg1 structure 1508:1516 fine structure 1503:1516 fine structure of amylopectin 1503:1531 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 0 22 theme Marked 103:108 arg1 Differences 110:120 Marked Differences 103:120 Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation 103:188 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 1 23 theme semicrystalline 346:360 arg1 granules 369:376 semicrystalline starch granules 346:376 semicrystalline starch granules 346:376 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 2 24 theme glycogen 561:568 arg1 [EcGLGB 573:579 glycogen BE [EcGLGB 561:579 glycogen BE [EcGLGB 561:579 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 24 theme glycogen 561:568 arg1 coli 555:558 Escherichia coli 543:558 Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) 543:581 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 25 theme branching 428:436 arg1 types 450:454 different branching enzyme (BE) types 418:454 different branching enzyme (BE) types 418:454 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 8 26 theme final 1471:1475 arg1 composition 1477:1487 the final composition 1467:1487 the final composition of starch 1467:1497 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 0 27 theme Genetic 10:16 arg1 Analysis 18:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis 0:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis 0:93 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 1 28 theme starch 362:367 arg1 granules 369:376 semicrystalline starch granules 346:376 semicrystalline starch granules 346:376 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 2 29 theme endogenous 663:672 arg1 BEs 674:676 their endogenous BEs 657:676 their endogenous BEs 657:676 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 0 30 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 Analysis 18:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis 0:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis 0:93 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 8 31 theme the 1450:1452 arg1 properties 1436:1445 the properties 1432:1445 the properties of the BE 1432:1455 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 4 32 theme Arabidopsis 919:929 arg1 isoforms 931:938 the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms 900:938 the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms 900:938 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 8 33 theme amylopectin 1521:1531 arg1 structure 1508:1516 fine structure 1503:1516 fine structure of amylopectin 1503:1531 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 8 33 theme amylopectin 1521:1531 arg1 composition 1477:1487 the final composition 1467:1487 the final composition of starch 1467:1497 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 2 34 theme different 418:426 arg1 types 450:454 different branching enzyme (BE) types 418:454 different branching enzyme (BE) types 418:454 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 6 35 theme point 1192:1196 arg1 distribution 1198:1209 branch point distribution 1185:1209 branch point distribution 1185:1209 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 2 36 theme Arabidopsis 586:596 arg1 plants 628:633 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants 586:633 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch 586:710 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 36 theme Arabidopsis 586:596 arg1 Arabidopsis 599:609 Arabidopsis 599:609 Arabidopsis 599:609 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 5 37 from Expression 941:950 arg1 potato 975:980 potato 975:980 potato 975:980 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 1 38 theme major 195:199 arg1 component 201:209 The major component 191:209 The major component of starch 191:219 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 38 theme major 195:199 arg1 amylopectin 244:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 4 39 dep ZmBE2a 867:872 arg1 BE 864:865 BE 864:865 BE 864:865 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 7 40 theme starch 1284:1289 arg1 synthases 1291:1299 the starch synthases 1280:1299 the starch synthases 1280:1299 Nevertheless, each type of BE together with the starch synthases and debranching enyzmes were able to create crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers. 26358415 6 41 contain had 1146:1148 arg2 morphology 1224:1233 granule morphology 1216:1233 granule morphology 1216:1233 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 41 contain had 1146:1148 arg2 distribution 1171:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 41 contain had 1146:1148 arg1 production 1128:1137 starch production 1121:1137 starch production 1121:1137 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 41 contain had 1146:1148 arg1 amounts 1110:1116 only minimal amounts 1097:1116 only minimal amounts 1097:1116 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 41 contain had 1146:1148 arg2 distribution 1198:1209 branch point distribution 1185:1209 branch point distribution 1185:1209 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 0 42 theme Branching 37:45 arg1 Enzymes 47:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes 30:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria 30:78 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 6 43 dep EcGLGB 1081:1086 arg1 BE 1078:1079 BE 1078:1079 BE 1078:1079 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 4 44 theme class 855:859 arg1 ZmBE2a 867:872 the class II BE ZmBE2a 851:872 the class II BE ZmBE2a 851:872 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 4 44 theme class 855:859 arg1 similar 889:895 similar 889:895 similar 889:895 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 0 45 from Bacteria 71:78 arg1 Analysis 18:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis 0:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis 0:93 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 0 45 from Bacteria 71:78 arg1 Enzymes 47:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes 30:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria 30:78 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 2 46 from BEs 674:676 arg1 deficient 644:652 deficient 644:652 deficient 644:652 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 6 47 theme length 1164:1169 arg1 distribution 1171:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 unusual chain length distribution 1150:1182 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 48 theme production 1128:1137 arg1 amounts 1110:1116 only minimal amounts 1097:1116 only minimal amounts 1097:1116 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 48 theme production 1128:1137 arg1 production 1128:1137 starch production 1121:1137 starch production 1121:1137 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 0 49 theme Glucan 30:35 arg1 Enzymes 47:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes 30:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria 30:78 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 5 50 theme amylose 1035:1041 arg1 starch 1043:1048 high amylose starch 1030:1048 high amylose starch 1030:1048 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 6 51 theme granule 1216:1222 arg1 morphology 1224:1233 granule morphology 1216:1233 granule morphology 1216:1233 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 2 52 from potato 507:512 arg1 proteins 470:477 proteins 470:477 proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) 470:581 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 1 53 theme starch 214:219 arg1 component 201:209 The major component 191:209 The major component of starch 191:219 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 53 theme starch 214:219 arg1 amylopectin 244:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 4 54 theme endogenous 908:917 arg1 isoforms 931:938 the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms 900:938 the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms 900:938 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 2 55 from coli 555:558 arg1 proteins 470:477 proteins 470:477 proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) 470:581 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 4 56 theme Full 811:814 arg1 complementation 816:830 Full complementation 811:830 Full complementation 811:830 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 0 57 from Plants 60:65 arg1 Analysis 18:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis 0:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis 0:93 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 0 57 from Plants 60:65 arg1 Enzymes 47:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes 30:53 Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria 30:78 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 2 58 theme Solanum 515:521 arg1 potato 507:512 potato 507:512 potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1) 507:536 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 58 theme Solanum 515:521 arg1 BE1 533:535 Solanum tuberosum BE1 515:535 Solanum tuberosum BE1 515:535 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 0 59 theme Enzymes 47:53 arg1 Analysis 18:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis 0:25 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis 0:93 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 2 60 theme tuberosum 523:531 arg1 potato 507:512 potato 507:512 potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1) 507:536 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 60 theme tuberosum 523:531 arg1 BE1 533:535 Solanum tuberosum BE1 515:535 Solanum tuberosum BE1 515:535 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 0 61 from Differences 110:120 arg1 Functions 131:139 Their Functions 125:139 Their Functions 125:139 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 0 61 from Differences 110:120 arg1 Capacity 145:152 Capacity 145:152 Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation 145:188 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 7 62 theme BE 1263:1264 arg1 type 1255:1258 each type 1250:1258 each type of BE together with the starch synthases and debranching enyzmes 1250:1323 Nevertheless, each type of BE together with the starch synthases and debranching enyzmes were able to create crystallization-competent amylopectin polymers. 26358415 2 63 theme mutant 621:626 arg1 plants 628:633 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants 586:633 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch 586:710 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 63 theme mutant 621:626 arg1 Arabidopsis 599:609 Arabidopsis 599:609 Arabidopsis 599:609 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 64 dep types 450:454 arg1 BE 446:447 BE 446:447 BE 446:447 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 1 65 theme key 302:304 arg1 factors 306:312 the key factors 298:312 the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules 298:376 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 0 66 theme Starch 165:170 arg1 Formation 180:188 Starch Granule Formation 165:188 Starch Granule Formation 165:188 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Glucan Branching Enzymes from Plants and Bacteria in Arabidopsis Reveals Marked Differences in Their Functions and Capacity to Mediate Starch Granule Formation. 26358415 2 67 from maize 484:488 arg1 proteins 470:477 proteins 470:477 proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) 470:581 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 6 68 theme minimal 1102:1108 arg1 amounts 1110:1116 only minimal amounts 1097:1116 only minimal amounts 1097:1116 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 68 theme minimal 1102:1108 arg1 production 1128:1137 starch production 1121:1137 starch production 1121:1137 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 6 69 theme starch 1121:1126 arg1 production 1128:1137 starch production 1121:1137 starch production 1121:1137 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 3 70 theme starch 769:774 arg1 biosynthesis 776:787 starch biosynthesis 769:787 starch biosynthesis 769:787 The expression of each of these three BE types restored starch biosynthesis to differing degrees. 26358415 6 71 theme branch 1185:1190 arg1 distribution 1198:1209 branch point distribution 1185:1209 branch point distribution 1185:1209 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 5 72 theme class 959:963 arg1 StBE1 983:987 StBE1 983:987 StBE1 983:987 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 5 72 theme class 959:963 arg1 I 965:965 the class I BE 955:968 the class I BE from potato 955:980 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 4 73 theme II 861:862 arg1 ZmBE2a 867:872 the class II BE ZmBE2a 851:872 the class II BE ZmBE2a 851:872 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 4 73 theme II 861:862 arg1 similar 889:895 similar 889:895 similar 889:895 Full complementation was achieved using the class II BE ZmBE2a, which is most similar to the two endogenous Arabidopsis isoforms. 26358415 8 74 theme starch 1492:1497 arg1 structure 1508:1516 fine structure 1503:1516 fine structure of amylopectin 1503:1531 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 8 74 theme starch 1492:1497 arg1 composition 1477:1487 the final composition 1467:1487 the final composition of starch 1467:1497 These data add to the knowledge of how the properties of the BE influence the final composition of starch and fine structure of amylopectin. 26358415 5 75 theme I 965:965 arg1 Expression 941:950 Expression 941:950 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, 941:988 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 5 76 theme high 1030:1033 arg1 starch 1043:1048 high amylose starch 1030:1048 high amylose starch 1030:1048 Expression of the class I BE from potato, StBE1, resulted in partial complementation and high amylose starch. 26358415 2 77 from deficient 644:652 arg1 BEs 674:676 their endogenous BEs 657:676 their endogenous BEs 657:676 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 2 78 dep Arabidopsis 599:609 arg1 thaliana 611:618 Arabidopsis thaliana 599:618 Arabidopsis thaliana 599:618 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 1 79 theme branched 228:235 arg1 component 201:209 The major component 191:209 The major component of starch 191:219 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 79 theme branched 228:235 arg1 amylopectin 244:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 80 theme factors 306:312 arg1 factors 306:312 the key factors 298:312 the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules 298:376 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 80 theme factors 306:312 arg1 pattern 271:277 the branching pattern 257:277 the branching pattern 257:277 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 80 theme factors 306:312 arg1 one 291:293 one 291:293 one 291:293 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 6 81 theme EcGLGB 1081:1086 arg1 Expression 1051:1060 Expression 1051:1060 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB 1051:1086 Expression of the glycogen BE EcGLGB restored only minimal amounts of starch production, which had unusual chain length distribution, branch point distribution, and granule morphology. 26358415 2 82 theme enzyme 438:443 arg1 types 450:454 different branching enzyme (BE) types 418:454 different branching enzyme (BE) types 418:454 Here, we investigated the functions of different branching enzyme (BE) types by expressing proteins from maize (Zea mays BE2a), potato (Solanum tuberosum BE1), and Escherichia coli (glycogen BE [EcGLGB]) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants that are deficient in their endogenous BEs and therefore, cannot make starch. 26358415 3 83 theme differing 792:800 arg1 degrees 802:808 differing degrees 792:808 differing degrees 792:808 The expression of each of these three BE types restored starch biosynthesis to differing degrees. 26358415 1 84 theme glucan 237:242 arg1 component 201:209 The major component 191:209 The major component of starch 191:219 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 26358415 1 84 theme glucan 237:242 arg1 amylopectin 244:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 the branched glucan amylopectin 224:254 The major component of starch is the branched glucan amylopectin, the branching pattern of which is one of the key factors determining its ability to form semicrystalline starch granules. 28628980 0 0 theme chloride 81:88 arg1 hydrate 90:96 zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion 76:112 hydrate 90:96 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 2 1 theme subsequent 478:487 arg1 depolymerization 499:514 subsequent cellulose depolymerization 478:514 subsequent cellulose depolymerization 478:514 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 1 2 theme cellulose 157:165 arg1 depolymerization 167:182 cellulose depolymerization 157:182 cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) 157:274 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 5 3 theme yield 1208:1212 arg1 % 1218:1218 maximal yield 38.3% 1200:1218 maximal yield 38.3% 1200:1218 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 5 3 theme yield 1208:1212 arg1 product 1191:1197 the main product 1182:1197 the main product (maximal yield 38.3%) 1182:1219 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 1 4 theme catalyst 254:261 arg1 depolymerization 167:182 cellulose depolymerization 157:182 cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) 157:274 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 0 5 theme zinc 76:79 arg1 hydrate 90:96 zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion 76:112 hydrate 90:96 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 3 6 theme weak 691:694 arg1 intrachain 696:705 weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network 691:742 intrachain 696:705 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 2 7 theme sulfate 348:354 arg1 introduction 332:343 the introduction 328:343 the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 328:368 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 3 8 theme narrow 544:549 arg1 range 563:567 a narrow composition range 542:567 a narrow composition range of water 542:576 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 4 9 theme ZnCl2·RH2O 757:766 arg1 hydrate 768:774 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate 757:774 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate 757:774 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 10 theme glucose 989:995 arg1 formation 997:1005 glucose formation 989:1005 glucose formation 989:1005 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 0 11 theme hydrate 90:96 arg1 synergy 65:71 synergy 65:71 synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion 65:112 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 3 12 theme composition 551:561 arg1 range 563:567 a narrow composition range 542:567 a narrow composition range of water 542:576 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 0 13 theme ion 110:112 arg1 synergy 65:71 synergy 65:71 synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion 65:112 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 4 14 theme maximal 1102:1108 arg1 yield 1110:1114 maximal yield 1102:1114 maximal yield 43.1% 1102:1120 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 2 15 theme catalyst 397:404 arg1 amount 411:416 the catalyst acid amount 393:416 the catalyst acid amount 393:416 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 0 16 theme sulfate 102:108 arg1 ion 110:112 zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion 76:112 ion 110:112 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 3 17 theme hydrogen 722:729 arg1 network 736:742 weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network 691:742 network 736:742 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 5 18 theme co-solvent 1157:1166 arg1 addition 1137:1144 the addition 1133:1144 the addition of organic co-solvent 1133:1166 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 4 19 theme catalyst 791:798 arg1 Coupling 745:752 Coupling 745:752 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system 745:825 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 20 theme % 1120:1120 arg1 yield 1110:1114 maximal yield 1102:1114 maximal yield 43.1% 1102:1120 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 3 21 theme bond 731:734 arg1 network 736:742 weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network 691:742 network 736:742 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 3 22 theme water 572:576 arg1 range 563:567 a narrow composition range 542:567 a narrow composition range of water 542:576 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 4 23 theme 43.1 1116:1119 arg1 % 1120:1120 % 1120:1120 % 1120:1120 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 2 24 theme acid 443:446 arg1 site 448:451 Brønsted acid site 434:451 Brønsted acid site 434:451 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 2 25 dep showed 321:326 arg1 enhanced 384:391 enhanced 384:391 enhanced 384:391 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 4 26 theme levulinic 1086:1094 arg1 acid 1096:1099 levulinic acid 1086:1099 levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%) 1086:1121 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 1 27 theme zinc 198:201 arg1 hydrate 212:218 zinc chloride hydrate 198:218 zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) 198:231 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 1 27 theme zinc 198:201 arg1 ZnCl2·RH2O 221:230 ZnCl2·RH2O 221:230 ZnCl2·RH2O 221:230 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 2 28 theme Brønsted 434:441 arg1 site 448:451 Brønsted acid site 434:451 Brønsted acid site 434:451 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 0 29 theme titania 123:129 arg1 catalyst 131:138 titania catalyst 123:138 titania catalyst 123:138 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 3 30 dep hydrate 528:534 arg1 range 563:567 a narrow composition range 542:567 a narrow composition range of water 542:576 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 1 31 theme chloride 203:210 arg1 hydrate 212:218 zinc chloride hydrate 198:218 zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) 198:231 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 1 31 theme chloride 203:210 arg1 ZnCl2·RH2O 221:230 ZnCl2·RH2O 221:230 ZnCl2·RH2O 221:230 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 0 32 theme cellulose 20:28 arg1 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion 0:112 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 3 33 theme ZnCl2·RH2O 517:526 arg1 hydrate 528:534 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate 517:534 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate 517:534 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 3 33 theme ZnCl2·RH2O 517:526 arg1 3.0≤R≤4.0 592:600 3.0≤R≤4.0 592:600 3.0≤R≤4.0 592:600 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 1 34 theme hydrate 212:218 arg1 depolymerization 167:182 cellulose depolymerization 157:182 cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) 157:274 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 4 35 theme maximal 1008:1014 arg1 % 1026:1026 maximal yield 50.5% 1008:1026 maximal yield 50.5% 1008:1026 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 5 36 theme organic 1149:1155 arg1 co-solvent 1157:1166 organic co-solvent 1149:1166 organic co-solvent 1149:1166 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 4 37 theme cellulose 836:844 arg1 depolymerization 846:861 cellulose depolymerization 836:861 cellulose depolymerization 836:861 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 0 38 theme high-value 35:44 arg1 chemicals 46:54 high-value chemicals 35:54 high-value chemicals 35:54 Depolymerization of cellulose into high-value chemicals by using synergy of zinc chloride hydrate and sulfate ion promoted titania catalyst. 28628980 4 39 theme low 940:942 arg1 80-100°C 957:964 80-100°C 957:964 80-100°C 957:964 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 39 theme low 940:942 arg1 temperature 944:954 the low temperature 936:954 the low temperature (80-100°C) 936:965 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 2 40 theme acid 406:409 arg1 amount 411:416 the catalyst acid amount 393:416 the catalyst acid amount 393:416 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 4 41 dep acid 1096:1099 arg1 yield 1110:1114 maximal yield 1102:1114 maximal yield 43.1% 1102:1120 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 42 theme yield 1016:1020 arg1 % 1026:1026 maximal yield 50.5% 1008:1026 maximal yield 50.5% 1008:1026 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 43 dep seemed 967:972 arg1 % 1026:1026 maximal yield 50.5% 1008:1026 maximal yield 50.5% 1008:1026 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 44 theme conditions 924:933 arg1 control 904:910 the control 900:910 the control of reaction conditions 900:933 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 45 theme mixed 805:809 arg1 reaction 811:818 a mixed reaction 803:818 a mixed reaction system 803:825 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 46 theme hydrate 768:774 arg1 Coupling 745:752 Coupling 745:752 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system 745:825 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 47 theme reaction 915:922 arg1 conditions 924:933 reaction conditions 915:933 reaction conditions 915:933 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 48 theme SO42-/TiO2 780:789 arg1 catalyst 791:798 SO42-/TiO2 catalyst 780:798 SO42-/TiO2 catalyst 780:798 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 5 49 theme main 1186:1189 arg1 HMF 1175:1177 HMF 1175:1177 HMF 1175:1177 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 5 49 theme main 1186:1189 arg1 % 1218:1218 maximal yield 38.3% 1200:1218 maximal yield 38.3% 1200:1218 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 5 49 theme main 1186:1189 arg1 product 1191:1197 the main product 1182:1197 the main product (maximal yield 38.3%) 1182:1219 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 3 50 theme low 669:671 arg1 crystallinity 673:685 low crystallinity 669:685 low crystallinity 669:685 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 5 51 theme maximal 1200:1206 arg1 % 1218:1218 maximal yield 38.3% 1200:1218 maximal yield 38.3% 1200:1218 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 5 51 theme maximal 1200:1206 arg1 product 1191:1197 the main product 1182:1197 the main product (maximal yield 38.3%) 1182:1219 Besides, the addition of organic co-solvent making HMF as the main product (maximal yield 38.3%). 28628980 1 52 theme sulfated 237:244 arg1 SO42-/TiO2 264:273 SO42-/TiO2 264:273 SO42-/TiO2 264:273 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 1 52 theme sulfated 237:244 arg1 catalyst 254:261 sulfated titania catalyst 237:261 sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) 237:274 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 2 53 theme cellulose 489:497 arg1 depolymerization 499:514 subsequent cellulose depolymerization 478:514 subsequent cellulose depolymerization 478:514 The results showed the introduction of sulfate into the TiO2 significantly enhanced the catalyst acid amount, especially for Brønsted acid site, which is beneficial for subsequent cellulose depolymerization. 28628980 4 54 theme reaction 811:818 arg1 system 820:825 a mixed reaction system 803:825 a mixed reaction system 803:825 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 3 55 theme interchain 711:720 arg1 network 736:742 weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network 691:742 network 736:742 ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate, only a narrow composition range of water, specifically 3.0≤R≤4.0, can dissolve cellulose, which finally resulted the cellulose with low crystallinity and weak intrachain and interchain hydrogen bond network. 28628980 4 56 theme high 1038:1041 arg1 temperature 1043:1053 the high temperature 1034:1053 the high temperature (120-140°C) 1034:1065 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 4 56 theme high 1038:1041 arg1 120-140°C 1056:1064 120-140°C 1056:1064 120-140°C 1056:1064 Coupling of ZnCl2·RH2O hydrate and SO42-/TiO2 catalyst as a mixed reaction system promoted cellulose depolymerization, and the products can be adjusted by the control of reaction conditions, the low temperature (80-100°C) seemed beneficial for glucose formation (maximal yield 50.5%), and the high temperature (120-140°C) favored to produce levulinic acid (maximal yield 43.1%). 28628980 1 57 theme titania 246:252 arg1 SO42-/TiO2 264:273 SO42-/TiO2 264:273 SO42-/TiO2 264:273 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 28628980 1 57 theme titania 246:252 arg1 catalyst 254:261 sulfated titania catalyst 237:261 sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) 237:274 Experiments for cellulose depolymerization by synergy of zinc chloride hydrate (ZnCl2·RH2O) and sulfated titania catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) were investigated in this study. 26773727 1 0 theme composite 180:188 arg1 materials 190:198 advanced composite materials 171:198 advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure 171:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 5 1 theme composite 767:775 arg1 film 777:780 the chitosan-perovskite composite film 743:780 the chitosan-perovskite composite film 743:780 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 5 1 theme composite 767:775 arg1 application 730:740 a possible application 719:740 a possible application 719:740 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 6 2 theme crystals 1163:1170 arg1 applications 1136:1147 the applications 1132:1147 the applications 1132:1147 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 2 theme crystals 1163:1170 arg1 cells 1237:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 1 3 with materials 190:198 arg1 organization 218:229 hierarchical organization 205:229 hierarchical organization 205:229 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 1 3 with materials 190:198 arg1 structure 246:254 controlled structure 235:254 controlled structure 235:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 6 4 theme solar 1231:1235 arg1 cells 1237:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 1 5 theme materials 190:198 arg1 synthesis 158:166 the synthesis 154:166 the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure 154:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 2 6 dep morphology 401:410 arg1 the 397:399 the 397:399 the 397:399 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 3 7 theme smooth 604:609 arg1 films 611:615 smooth films 604:615 smooth films 604:615 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 4 8 theme chitosan-mediated 635:651 arg1 nucleation 653:662 nucleation 653:662 nucleation 653:662 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals was explored. 26773727 6 9 theme planar-heterojunction 1209:1229 arg1 cells 1237:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 10 theme mineralization 967:980 arg1 method 982:987 The biomimetic mineralization method 952:987 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study 952:1010 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 11 from fields 1191:1196 arg1 applications 1136:1147 the applications 1132:1147 the applications 1132:1147 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 11 from fields 1191:1196 arg1 cells 1237:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 planar-heterojunction solar cells 1209:1241 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 3 12 theme crystals 576:583 arg1 size 538:541 size 538:541 size 538:541 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 3 12 theme crystals 576:583 arg1 morphology 547:556 morphology 547:556 morphology 547:556 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 2 13 theme perovskite 445:454 arg1 film 456:459 a perovskite film 443:459 a perovskite film 443:459 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 5 14 theme planar 804:809 arg1 cell 832:835 a planar heterojunction solar cell 802:835 a planar heterojunction solar cell 802:835 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 6 15 theme biomimetic 956:965 arg1 method 982:987 The biomimetic mineralization method 952:987 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study 952:1010 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 1 16 theme Biomimetic 101:110 arg1 approach 141:148 a powerful approach 130:148 a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure 130:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 1 16 theme Biomimetic 101:110 arg1 mineralization 112:125 Biomimetic mineralization 101:125 Biomimetic mineralization 101:125 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 1 17 theme hierarchical 205:216 arg1 organization 218:229 hierarchical organization 205:229 hierarchical organization 205:229 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 5 18 theme relative 879:886 arg1 efficiency 868:877 increased power conversion efficiency 841:877 increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film 841:936 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 6 19 from applications 1136:1147 arg1 fields 1191:1196 photoelectronic fields 1175:1196 photoelectronic fields 1175:1196 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 20 theme photoelectronic 1175:1189 arg1 fields 1191:1196 photoelectronic fields 1175:1196 photoelectronic fields 1175:1196 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 0 21 theme Chitosan-Assisted 0:16 arg1 Crystallization 18:32 Chitosan-Assisted Crystallization 0:32 Chitosan-Assisted Crystallization 0:32 Chitosan-Assisted Crystallization and Film Forming of Perovskite Crystals through Biomineralization. 26773727 6 22 theme crystals 1064:1071 arg1 way 1036:1038 an alternative way 1021:1038 an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties 1021:1118 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 23 from crystals 1163:1170 arg1 fields 1191:1196 photoelectronic fields 1175:1196 photoelectronic fields 1175:1196 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 24 theme perovskite 1053:1062 arg1 crystals 1064:1071 preparing perovskite crystals 1043:1071 preparing perovskite crystals 1043:1071 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 5 25 theme chitosan-perovskite 747:765 arg1 film 777:780 the chitosan-perovskite composite film 743:780 the chitosan-perovskite composite film 743:780 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 5 25 theme chitosan-perovskite 747:765 arg1 application 730:740 a possible application 719:740 a possible application 719:740 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 6 26 with way 1036:1038 arg1 morphology 1094:1103 well-controlled morphology 1078:1103 well-controlled morphology 1078:1103 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 6 26 with way 1036:1038 arg1 properties 1109:1118 properties 1109:1118 properties 1109:1118 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 1 27 theme controlled 235:244 arg1 structure 246:254 controlled structure 235:254 controlled structure 235:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 2 28 theme biomineralization 471:487 arg1 way 464:466 way 464:466 way of biomineralization 464:487 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 6 29 theme preparing 1043:1051 arg1 crystals 1064:1071 preparing perovskite crystals 1043:1071 preparing perovskite crystals 1043:1071 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 3 30 dep size 538:541 arg1 the 534:536 the 534:536 the 534:536 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 1 31 theme powerful 132:139 arg1 approach 141:148 a powerful approach 130:148 a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure 130:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 1 31 theme powerful 132:139 arg1 mineralization 112:125 Biomimetic mineralization 101:125 Biomimetic mineralization 101:125 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 6 32 theme perovskite 1152:1161 arg1 crystals 1163:1170 perovskite crystals 1152:1170 perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields 1152:1196 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 5 33 theme increased 841:849 arg1 efficiency 868:877 increased power conversion efficiency 841:877 increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film 841:936 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 5 34 theme pristine 913:920 arg1 film 933:936 the pristine perovskite film 909:936 the pristine perovskite film 909:936 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 3 35 theme additive 505:512 arg1 biopolymer 494:503 The biopolymer additive 490:512 The biopolymer additive 490:512 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 3 35 theme additive 505:512 arg1 able 518:521 able 518:521 able 518:521 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 5 36 theme power 851:855 arg1 efficiency 868:877 increased power conversion efficiency 841:877 increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film 841:936 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 5 37 theme perovskite 922:931 arg1 film 933:936 the pristine perovskite film 909:936 the pristine perovskite film 909:936 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 2 38 theme film 456:459 arg1 morphology 401:410 morphology 401:410 morphology 401:410 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 2 38 theme film 456:459 arg1 properties 429:438 film-forming properties 416:438 film-forming properties 416:438 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 5 39 theme conversion 857:866 arg1 efficiency 868:877 increased power conversion efficiency 841:877 increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film 841:936 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 6 40 theme alternative 1024:1034 arg1 way 1036:1038 an alternative way 1021:1038 an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties 1021:1118 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 5 41 theme possible 721:728 arg1 film 777:780 the chitosan-perovskite composite film 743:780 the chitosan-perovskite composite film 743:780 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 5 41 theme possible 721:728 arg1 application 730:740 a possible application 719:740 a possible application 719:740 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 0 42 theme Perovskite 54:63 arg1 Crystals 65:72 Perovskite Crystals 54:72 Perovskite Crystals 54:72 Chitosan-Assisted Crystallization and Film Forming of Perovskite Crystals through Biomineralization. 26773727 2 43 dep additive 342:349 arg1 improve 389:395 improve 389:395 to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization 386:487 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 2 43 dep additive 342:349 arg1 control 354:360 control 354:360 to control the crystallization 351:380 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 2 44 theme additive 342:349 arg1 biopolymer 331:340 a biopolymer 329:340 a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization 329:487 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 2 44 theme additive 342:349 arg1 chitosan 265:272 chitosan 265:272 chitosan 265:272 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 2 45 theme precursor 307:315 arg1 solution 317:324 a perovskite precursor solution 294:324 a perovskite precursor solution 294:324 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 6 46 theme well-controlled 1078:1092 arg1 morphology 1094:1103 well-controlled morphology 1078:1103 well-controlled morphology 1078:1103 The biomimetic mineralization method proposed in this study provides an alternative way of preparing perovskite crystals with well-controlled morphology and properties and extends the applications of perovskite crystals in photoelectronic fields, including planar-heterojunction solar cells. 26773727 2 47 theme perovskite 296:305 arg1 solution 317:324 a perovskite precursor solution 294:324 a perovskite precursor solution 294:324 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 1 48 theme advanced 171:178 arg1 materials 190:198 advanced composite materials 171:198 advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure 171:254 Biomimetic mineralization is a powerful approach for the synthesis of advanced composite materials with hierarchical organization and controlled structure. 26773727 4 49 theme nucleation 653:662 arg1 mechanism 622:630 The mechanism 618:630 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals 618:700 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals was explored. 26773727 5 50 theme heterojunction 811:824 arg1 cell 832:835 a planar heterojunction solar cell 802:835 a planar heterojunction solar cell 802:835 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 4 51 theme crystals 693:700 arg1 growth 668:673 growth 668:673 growth 668:673 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals was explored. 26773727 4 51 theme crystals 693:700 arg1 nucleation 653:662 nucleation 653:662 nucleation 653:662 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals was explored. 26773727 4 52 theme perovskite 682:691 arg1 crystals 693:700 the perovskite crystals 678:700 the perovskite crystals 678:700 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals was explored. 26773727 2 53 theme film-forming 416:427 arg1 properties 429:438 film-forming properties 416:438 film-forming properties 416:438 Herein, chitosan was introduced into a perovskite precursor solution as a biopolymer additive to control the crystallization and to improve the morphology and film-forming properties of a perovskite film by way of biomineralization. 26773727 5 54 theme solar 826:830 arg1 cell 832:835 a planar heterojunction solar cell 802:835 a planar heterojunction solar cell 802:835 As a possible application, the chitosan-perovskite composite film was introduced into a planar heterojunction solar cell and increased power conversion efficiency relative to that observed for the pristine perovskite film was achieved. 26773727 3 55 theme perovskite 565:574 arg1 crystals 576:583 the perovskite crystals 561:583 the perovskite crystals 561:583 The biopolymer additive was able to control the size and morphology of the perovskite crystals and helped to form smooth films. 26773727 4 56 theme growth 668:673 arg1 mechanism 622:630 The mechanism 618:630 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals 618:700 The mechanism of chitosan-mediated nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals was explored. 29154803 7 0 theme pre-existing 1503:1514 arg1 capsules 1525:1532 pre-existing soft gel capsules 1503:1532 pre-existing soft gel capsules 1503:1532 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 4 1 theme film 853:856 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 8 2 theme capsules 1655:1662 arg1 formulation 1617:1627 the formulation 1613:1627 the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1613:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 3 3 theme tensile 665:671 arg1 strength 673:680 The tensile strength 661:680 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 661:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 3 3 theme tensile 665:671 arg1 11.7 MPa 747:754 11.7 MPa 747:754 11.7 MPa 747:754 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 1 4 theme plant-derived 245:257 arg1 formulation 276:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 2 5 theme tensile 587:593 arg1 strength 595:602 tensile strength 587:602 tensile strength 587:602 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 3 6 theme plant-derived 708:720 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 1 7 theme gel 264:266 arg1 formulation 276:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 7 8 theme physical 1469:1476 arg1 properties 1478:1487 equivalent or superior physical properties 1446:1487 equivalent or superior physical properties 1446:1487 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 7 9 theme soft 1421:1424 arg1 capsules 1430:1437 the prepared soft gel capsules 1408:1437 the prepared soft gel capsules 1408:1437 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 3 10 theme animal-derived 689:702 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 1 11 theme commercial 169:178 arg1 scale 191:195 commercial rotary die scale 169:195 commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 169:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 4 12 theme soft 844:847 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 5 13 theme κ-carrageenan 1148:1160 arg1 mass 1140:1143 the mass 1136:1143 the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch 1136:1216 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 3 14 theme sheets 736:741 arg1 strength 673:680 The tensile strength 661:680 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 661:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 3 14 theme sheets 736:741 arg1 11.7 MPa 747:754 11.7 MPa 747:754 11.7 MPa 747:754 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 3 15 theme gel 727:729 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 6 16 theme physicochemical 1223:1237 arg1 properties 1239:1248 The physicochemical properties 1219:1248 The physicochemical properties of the sheets 1219:1262 The physicochemical properties of the sheets were evaluated to determine the optimal formulation. 29154803 4 17 link plant-derived 830:842 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 5 18 theme starch 1187:1192 arg1 mass 1140:1143 the mass 1136:1143 the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch 1136:1216 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 8 19 from capsules 1655:1662 arg1 scale 1680:1684 a commercial scale 1667:1684 a commercial scale 1667:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 4 20 link animal-derived 811:824 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 5 21 theme plant-derived 1019:1031 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 1 22 from scale 191:195 arg1 methodology 152:162 A new scale-down methodology 135:162 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 135:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 0 23 from formulations 99:110 arg1 scale 128:132 a commercial scale 115:132 a commercial scale 115:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 8 24 from formulation 1617:1627 arg1 scale 1680:1684 a commercial scale 1667:1684 a commercial scale 1667:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 5 25 theme gel 1038:1040 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 5 26 link plant-derived 1019:1031 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 7 27 theme gel 1345:1347 arg1 capsules 1349:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 1 28 theme new 137:139 arg1 methodology 152:162 A new scale-down methodology 135:162 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 135:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 0 29 theme plant-derived 68:80 arg1 formulations 99:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations 68:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale 68:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 0 30 theme gel 87:89 arg1 formulations 99:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations 68:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale 68:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 4 31 theme similar 930:936 arg1 strength 947:954 a similar adhesion strength 928:954 a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa 928:982 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 2 32 link Animal-derived 431:444 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 8 33 from scale 1680:1684 arg1 formulation 1617:1627 the formulation 1613:1627 the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1613:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 5 34 theme heat-treated 1198:1209 arg1 starch 1211:1216 heat-treated starch 1198:1216 heat-treated starch 1198:1216 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 7 35 theme soft 1340:1343 arg1 capsules 1349:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 0 36 from commercial 32:41 arg1 methodology 15:25 New scale-down methodology 0:25 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab 0:48 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 2 37 link plant-derived 450:462 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 0 38 theme New 0:2 arg1 methodology 15:25 New scale-down methodology 0:25 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab 0:48 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 1 39 theme capsule 268:274 arg1 formulation 276:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 1 40 theme formulation 406:416 arg1 development 418:428 formulation development 406:428 formulation development 406:428 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 5 41 theme ι-carrageenan 1163:1175 arg1 mass 1140:1143 the mass 1136:1143 the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch 1136:1216 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 2 42 theme film 473:476 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 8 43 theme new 1574:1576 arg1 methodology 1589:1599 a new scale-down methodology 1572:1599 a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1572:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 5 44 from variations 1122:1131 arg1 mass 1140:1143 the mass 1136:1143 the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch 1136:1216 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 4 45 theme 4.5-10 MPa 973:982 arg1 strength 947:954 a similar adhesion strength 928:954 a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa 928:982 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 5 46 theme mixture 1003:1009 arg1 design 1011:1016 a D-optimal mixture design 991:1016 a D-optimal mixture design 991:1016 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 2 47 theme soft 464:467 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 1 48 theme soft 324:327 arg1 capsules 333:340 superior soft gel capsules 315:340 superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 315:362 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 8 49 theme commercial 1669:1678 arg1 scale 1680:1684 a commercial scale 1667:1684 a commercial scale 1667:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 5 50 theme starch 1211:1216 arg1 mass 1140:1143 the mass 1136:1143 the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch 1136:1216 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 7 51 theme soft 1516:1519 arg1 capsules 1525:1532 pre-existing soft gel capsules 1503:1532 pre-existing soft gel capsules 1503:1532 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 1 52 dep time 388:391 arg1 the 384:386 the 384:386 the 384:386 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 1 53 dep scale 191:195 arg1 to 197:198 to 197:198 to 197:198 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 1 53 dep scale 191:195 arg1 die 187:189 die 187:189 die 187:189 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 1 53 dep scale 191:195 arg1 scale 211:215 laboratory scale 200:215 commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 169:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 4 54 theme plant-derived 830:842 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 8 55 theme plant-derived 1632:1644 arg1 capsules 1655:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1632:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1632:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 5 56 theme oxidized 1178:1185 arg1 starch 1187:1192 oxidized starch 1178:1192 oxidized starch 1178:1192 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 4 57 theme gel 849:851 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 8 58 theme gel 1651:1653 arg1 capsules 1655:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1632:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1632:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 7 59 link plant-derived 1326:1338 arg1 capsules 1349:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 1 60 theme soft 259:262 arg1 formulation 276:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 7 61 theme superior 1460:1467 arg1 properties 1478:1487 equivalent or superior physical properties 1446:1487 equivalent or superior physical properties 1446:1487 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 4 62 theme sheets 858:863 arg1 modulus 796:802 The Young's modulus 784:802 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 784:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 3 63 link animal-derived 689:702 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 3 64 theme soft 722:725 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 6 65 theme sheets 1257:1262 arg1 properties 1239:1248 The physicochemical properties 1219:1248 The physicochemical properties of the sheets 1219:1262 The physicochemical properties of the sheets were evaluated to determine the optimal formulation. 29154803 1 66 link plant-derived 245:257 arg1 formulation 276:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation 243:286 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 7 67 theme equivalent 1446:1455 arg1 properties 1478:1487 equivalent or superior physical properties 1446:1487 equivalent or superior physical properties 1446:1487 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 4 68 theme animal-derived 811:824 arg1 sheets 858:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 807:863 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 7 69 theme gel 1426:1428 arg1 capsules 1430:1437 the prepared soft gel capsules 1408:1437 the prepared soft gel capsules 1408:1437 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 3 70 link plant-derived 708:720 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 1 71 theme rotary 180:185 arg1 scale 191:195 commercial rotary die scale 169:195 commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 169:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 2 72 theme Young 605:609 arg1 modulus 613:619 Young's modulus 605:619 Young's modulus 605:619 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 7 73 theme prepared 1412:1419 arg1 capsules 1430:1437 the prepared soft gel capsules 1408:1437 the prepared soft gel capsules 1408:1437 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 0 74 theme commercial 117:126 arg1 scale 128:132 a commercial scale 115:132 a commercial scale 115:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 3 75 theme film 731:734 arg1 sheets 736:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 685:741 The tensile strength of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 11.7 MPa and 4.41 MPa, respectively. 29154803 1 76 theme laboratory 200:209 arg1 scale 211:215 laboratory scale 200:215 commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 169:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 2 77 theme laboratory 524:533 arg1 scale 535:539 a laboratory scale 522:539 a laboratory scale 522:539 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 8 78 link plant-derived 1632:1644 arg1 capsules 1655:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1632:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1632:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 2 79 from applicator 508:517 arg1 scale 535:539 a laboratory scale 522:539 a laboratory scale 522:539 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 6 80 theme optimal 1296:1302 arg1 formulation 1304:1314 the optimal formulation 1292:1314 the optimal formulation 1292:1314 The physicochemical properties of the sheets were evaluated to determine the optimal formulation. 29154803 5 81 theme soft 1033:1036 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 2 82 theme physicochemical 551:565 arg1 strength 595:602 tensile strength 587:602 tensile strength 587:602 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 2 82 theme physicochemical 551:565 arg1 properties 567:576 their physicochemical properties 545:576 their physicochemical properties 545:576 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 5 83 theme film 1042:1045 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 plant-derived soft gel film sheets 1019:1052 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 7 84 dep method 1397:1402 arg1 die 1393:1395 die 1393:1395 die 1393:1395 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 4 85 theme adhesion 938:945 arg1 strength 947:954 a similar adhesion strength 928:954 a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa 928:982 The Young's modulus of the animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets was 169 MPa and 17.8 MPa, respectively, and both sheets showed a similar adhesion strength of approximately 4.5-10 MPa. 29154803 0 86 theme soft 82:85 arg1 formulations 99:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations 68:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale 68:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 1 87 theme scale-down 141:150 arg1 methodology 152:162 A new scale-down methodology 135:162 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale 135:215 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 0 88 theme capsule 91:97 arg1 formulations 99:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations 68:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale 68:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 1 89 theme commercial 347:356 arg1 scale 358:362 a commercial scale 345:362 a commercial scale 345:362 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 2 90 theme adhesive 626:633 arg1 strength 635:642 adhesive strength 626:642 adhesive strength 626:642 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 7 91 theme plant-derived 1326:1338 arg1 capsules 1349:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1326:1356 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 0 92 theme scale-down 4:13 arg1 methodology 15:25 New scale-down methodology 0:25 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab 0:48 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 2 93 theme Animal-derived 431:444 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 7 94 theme rotary 1386:1391 arg1 method 1397:1402 the rotary die method 1382:1402 the rotary die method 1382:1402 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 8 95 theme scale-down 1578:1587 arg1 methodology 1589:1599 a new scale-down methodology 1572:1599 a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1572:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 29154803 5 96 theme D-optimal 993:1001 arg1 design 1011:1016 a D-optimal mixture design 991:1016 a D-optimal mixture design 991:1016 Using a D-optimal mixture design, plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared and optimized by varying their composition, including variations in the mass of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, oxidized starch and heat-treated starch. 29154803 2 97 theme gel 469:471 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 1 98 from capsules 333:340 arg1 scale 358:362 a commercial scale 345:362 a commercial scale 345:362 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 1 99 theme superior 315:322 arg1 capsules 333:340 superior soft gel capsules 315:340 superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 315:362 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 0 100 link plant-derived 68:80 arg1 formulations 99:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations 68:110 plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale 68:132 New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale. 29154803 2 101 theme plant-derived 450:462 arg1 sheets 478:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets 431:483 Animal-derived and plant-derived soft gel film sheets were prepared using an applicator on a laboratory scale and their physicochemical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and adhesive strength, were evaluated. 29154803 1 102 theme gel 329:331 arg1 capsules 333:340 superior soft gel capsules 315:340 superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 315:362 A new scale-down methodology from commercial rotary die scale to laboratory scale was developed to optimize a plant-derived soft gel capsule formulation and eventually manufacture superior soft gel capsules on a commercial scale, in order to reduce the time and cost for formulation development. 29154803 7 103 theme gel 1521:1523 arg1 capsules 1525:1532 pre-existing soft gel capsules 1503:1532 pre-existing soft gel capsules 1503:1532 Finally, plant-derived soft gel capsules were manufactured using the rotary die method and the prepared soft gel capsules showed equivalent or superior physical properties compared with pre-existing soft gel capsules. 29154803 8 104 theme soft 1646:1649 arg1 capsules 1655:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules 1632:1662 plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale 1632:1684 Therefore, we successfully developed a new scale-down methodology to optimize the formulation of plant-derived soft gel capsules on a commercial scale. 26301775 0 0 theme Fibers 72:77 arg1 Ingestion 38:46 The Ingestion 34:46 The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus 34:129 When Microplastic Is Not Plastic: The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus. 26301775 1 1 theme coastal 219:225 arg1 zone 227:230 the Mediterranean coastal zone 201:230 the Mediterranean coastal zone 201:230 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 2 2 theme different 417:425 arg1 sites 427:431 two different sites 413:431 two different sites in the Calvi Bay (Corsica) 413:458 This community was sampled in August 2011, November 2011, and March 2012 at two different sites in the Calvi Bay (Corsica). 26301775 9 3 theme environmental 1302:1314 arg1 problems 1316:1323 environmental problems 1302:1323 environmental problems for the P. oceanica litter community 1302:1360 The latter is known for being carcinogenic for vertebrates, potentially causing environmental problems for the P. oceanica litter community. 26301775 3 4 theme dominant 578:585 arg1 species 587:593 the nine dominant species 569:593 the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 569:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 4 5 theme constant 770:777 arg1 rates 779:783 constant rates 770:783 constant rates 770:783 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences were revealed; suggesting that invertebrates ingest AFs at constant rates. 26301775 3 6 theme Ingested 461:468 arg1 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 6 theme Ingested 461:468 arg1 fibers 481:486 Ingested artificial fibers 461:486 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors 461:520 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 6 7 theme ingested 1010:1017 arg1 AFs 1019:1021 the ingested AFs 1006:1021 the ingested AFs 1006:1021 Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ingested AFs were composed of viscose, an artificial, cellulose-based polymer. 26301775 3 8 theme trophic 615:621 arg1 level 623:627 their trophic level 609:627 their trophic level 609:627 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 9 theme artificial 470:479 arg1 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 9 theme artificial 470:479 arg1 fibers 481:486 Ingested artificial fibers 461:486 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors 461:520 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 1 10 dep Dead 132:135 arg1 leaves 137:142 leaves 137:142 leaves 137:142 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 5 11 from low 931:933 arg1 contents 818:825 the gut contents 810:825 the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level 810:868 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 10 12 from relying 1468:1474 arg1 size 1488:1491 fragment size 1479:1491 fragment size 1479:1491 Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy are necessary to investigate the particles composition, instead of relying on fragment size or color to identify the particles ingested by animals. 26301775 10 12 from relying 1468:1474 arg1 color 1496:1500 color 1496:1500 color 1496:1500 Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy are necessary to investigate the particles composition, instead of relying on fragment size or color to identify the particles ingested by animals. 26301775 2 13 dep November 380:387 arg1 2011 389:392 2011 389:392 November 2011 380:392 This community was sampled in August 2011, November 2011, and March 2012 at two different sites in the Calvi Bay (Corsica). 26301775 4 14 theme spatial 652:658 arg1 differences 699:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences were revealed; suggesting that invertebrates ingest AFs at constant rates. 26301775 10 15 theme Raman 1382:1386 arg1 spectroscopy 1388:1399 Raman spectroscopy 1382:1399 Raman spectroscopy 1382:1399 Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy are necessary to investigate the particles composition, instead of relying on fragment size or color to identify the particles ingested by animals. 26301775 0 16 theme Cellulose 62:70 arg1 Fibers 72:77 Artificial Cellulose Fibers 51:77 Artificial Cellulose Fibers 51:77 When Microplastic Is Not Plastic: The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus. 26301775 1 17 from Dead 132:135 arg1 zone 227:230 the Mediterranean coastal zone 201:230 the Mediterranean coastal zone 201:230 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 5 18 theme gut 814:816 arg1 contents 818:825 the gut contents 810:825 the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level 810:868 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 10 19 theme fragment 1479:1486 arg1 size 1488:1491 fragment size 1479:1491 fragment size 1479:1491 Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy are necessary to investigate the particles composition, instead of relying on fragment size or color to identify the particles ingested by animals. 26301775 10 20 theme particles 1434:1442 arg1 composition 1444:1454 the particles composition 1430:1454 the particles composition 1430:1454 Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy are necessary to investigate the particles composition, instead of relying on fragment size or color to identify the particles ingested by animals. 26301775 5 21 theme AFs 923:925 arg1 low 931:933 low 931:933 low 931:933 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 21 theme AFs 923:925 arg1 ingestion 910:918 the overall ingestion 898:918 the overall ingestion of AFs 898:925 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 21 theme AFs 923:925 arg1 fiber 952:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 1 22 theme oceanica 176:183 arg1 Dead 132:135 Dead 132:135 Dead 132:135 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 4 23 theme species-specific 670:685 arg1 differences 699:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences were revealed; suggesting that invertebrates ingest AFs at constant rates. 26301775 3 24 theme various 497:503 arg1 sizes 505:509 various sizes 497:509 various sizes 497:509 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 25 theme sizes 505:509 arg1 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 25 theme sizes 505:509 arg1 fibers 481:486 Ingested artificial fibers 461:486 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors 461:520 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 0 26 theme Seagrass 103:110 arg1 Macrophytodetritus 112:129 Seagrass Macrophytodetritus 103:129 Seagrass Macrophytodetritus 103:129 When Microplastic Is Not Plastic: The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus. 26301775 2 27 from sites 427:431 arg1 Bay 446:448 Bay 446:448 Bay 446:448 This community was sampled in August 2011, November 2011, and March 2012 at two different sites in the Calvi Bay (Corsica). 26301775 2 27 from sites 427:431 arg1 Corsica 451:457 Corsica 451:457 Corsica 451:457 This community was sampled in August 2011, November 2011, and March 2012 at two different sites in the Calvi Bay (Corsica). 26301775 5 28 theme invertebrates 830:842 arg1 contents 818:825 the gut contents 810:825 the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level 810:868 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 7 29 theme industrial 1145:1154 arg1 dyes 1156:1159 industrial dyes 1145:1159 industrial dyes 1145:1159 Most of these AFs also appeared to have been colored by industrial dyes. 26301775 1 30 theme abundant 253:260 arg1 " 276:276 an abundant "detritivorous" 250:276 an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes 250:334 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 2 31 dep August 367:372 arg1 2011 374:377 2011 374:377 August 2011 367:377 This community was sampled in August 2011, November 2011, and March 2012 at two different sites in the Calvi Bay (Corsica). 26301775 8 32 dep identified 1176:1185 arg1 22 1200:1201 22 1200:1201 22 1200:1201 Two dyes were identified: Direct Blue 22 and Direct Red 28. 26301775 8 32 dep identified 1176:1185 arg1 28 1218:1219 28 1218:1219 28 1218:1219 Two dyes were identified: Direct Blue 22 and Direct Red 28. 26301775 1 33 from zone 227:230 arg1 Dead 132:135 Dead 132:135 Dead 132:135 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 4 34 theme seasonal 642:649 arg1 differences 699:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences were revealed; suggesting that invertebrates ingest AFs at constant rates. 26301775 1 35 dep oceanica 176:183 arg1 Posidonia 166:174 Posidonia 166:174 Posidonia 166:174 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 5 36 theme trophic 882:888 arg1 levels 890:895 trophic levels 882:895 trophic levels 882:895 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 1 37 theme detritivorous 263:275 arg1 " 276:276 an abundant "detritivorous" 250:276 an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes 250:334 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 6 38 theme cellulose-based 1064:1078 arg1 viscose 1040:1046 viscose 1040:1046 viscose 1040:1046 Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ingested AFs were composed of viscose, an artificial, cellulose-based polymer. 26301775 6 38 theme cellulose-based 1064:1078 arg1 polymer 1080:1086 an artificial, cellulose-based polymer 1049:1086 polymer 1080:1086 Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ingested AFs were composed of viscose, an artificial, cellulose-based polymer. 26301775 1 39 theme " 276:276 arg1 community 291:299 an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community 250:299 an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes 250:334 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 5 40 theme overall 902:908 arg1 low 931:933 low 931:933 low 931:933 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 40 theme overall 902:908 arg1 ingestion 910:918 the overall ingestion 898:918 the overall ingestion of AFs 898:925 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 40 theme overall 902:908 arg1 fiber 952:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 0 41 dep Plastic 25:31 arg1 Ingestion 38:46 The Ingestion 34:46 The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus 34:129 When Microplastic Is Not Plastic: The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus. 26301775 9 42 dep P. 1333:1334 arg1 oceanica 1336:1343 oceanica 1336:1343 oceanica 1336:1343 The latter is known for being carcinogenic for vertebrates, potentially causing environmental problems for the P. oceanica litter community. 26301775 6 43 theme Raman 973:977 arg1 spectroscopy 979:990 Raman spectroscopy 973:990 Raman spectroscopy 973:990 Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ingested AFs were composed of viscose, an artificial, cellulose-based polymer. 26301775 1 44 theme invertebrate 278:289 arg1 community 291:299 an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community 250:299 an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes 250:334 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 26301775 6 45 theme artificial 1052:1061 arg1 viscose 1040:1046 viscose 1040:1046 viscose 1040:1046 Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ingested AFs were composed of viscose, an artificial, cellulose-based polymer. 26301775 6 45 theme artificial 1052:1061 arg1 polymer 1080:1086 an artificial, cellulose-based polymer 1049:1086 polymer 1080:1086 Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ingested AFs were composed of viscose, an artificial, cellulose-based polymer. 26301775 4 46 theme significant 687:697 arg1 differences 699:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences were revealed; suggesting that invertebrates ingest AFs at constant rates. 26301775 3 47 located found 527:531 arg1 tracts 559:564 the digestive tracts 545:564 the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 545:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 47 located found 527:531 arg2 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 47 located found 527:531 arg1 % 540:540 27.6% 536:540 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 536:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 47 located found 527:531 arg2 fibers 481:486 Ingested artificial fibers 461:486 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors 461:520 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 5 48 theme trophic 856:862 arg1 level 864:868 trophic level 856:868 trophic level 856:868 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 3 49 theme digestive 549:557 arg1 tracts 559:564 the digestive tracts 545:564 the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 545:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 4 50 theme size 661:664 arg1 differences 699:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences 639:709 No seasonal, spatial, size, or species-specific significant differences were revealed; suggesting that invertebrates ingest AFs at constant rates. 26301775 9 51 theme P. 1333:1334 arg1 community 1352:1360 the P. oceanica litter community 1329:1360 the P. oceanica litter community 1329:1360 The latter is known for being carcinogenic for vertebrates, potentially causing environmental problems for the P. oceanica litter community. 26301775 0 52 theme Artificial 51:60 arg1 Fibers 72:77 Artificial Cellulose Fibers 51:77 Artificial Cellulose Fibers 51:77 When Microplastic Is Not Plastic: The Ingestion of Artificial Cellulose Fibers by Macrofauna Living in Seagrass Macrophytodetritus. 26301775 3 53 theme tracts 559:564 arg1 tracts 559:564 the digestive tracts 545:564 the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 545:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 53 theme tracts 559:564 arg1 % 540:540 27.6% 536:540 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 536:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 54 theme colors 515:520 arg1 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 AFs 489:491 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 3 54 theme colors 515:520 arg1 fibers 481:486 Ingested artificial fibers 461:486 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors 461:520 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 5 55 from contents 818:825 arg1 low 931:933 low 931:933 low 931:933 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 55 from contents 818:825 arg1 ingestion 910:918 the overall ingestion 898:918 the overall ingestion of AFs 898:925 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 55 from contents 818:825 arg1 fiber 952:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 3 56 theme species 587:593 arg1 tracts 559:564 the digestive tracts 545:564 the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon 545:636 Ingested artificial fibers (AFs) of various sizes and colors were found in 27.6% of the digestive tracts of the nine dominant species regardless of their trophic level or taxon. 26301775 5 57 dep low 931:933 arg1 low 931:933 low 931:933 low 931:933 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 57 dep low 931:933 arg1 fiber 952:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 approximately 1 fiber 936:956 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 5 57 dep low 931:933 arg1 ingestion 910:918 the overall ingestion 898:918 the overall ingestion of AFs 898:925 Results showed that, in the gut contents of invertebrates, varying by trophic level, and across trophic levels, the overall ingestion of AFs was low (approximately 1 fiber per organism). 26301775 9 58 theme litter 1345:1350 arg1 community 1352:1360 the P. oceanica litter community 1329:1360 the P. oceanica litter community 1329:1360 The latter is known for being carcinogenic for vertebrates, potentially causing environmental problems for the P. oceanica litter community. 26301775 1 59 theme Mediterranean 205:217 arg1 zone 227:230 the Mediterranean coastal zone 201:230 the Mediterranean coastal zone 201:230 Dead leaves of the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, in the Mediterranean coastal zone, are colonized by an abundant "detritivorous" invertebrate community that is heavily predated by fishes. 25193838 4 0 contain had 573:575 arg1 ratio 553:557 The mass ratio 544:557 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT 544:571 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 4 0 contain had 573:575 arg2 influence 586:594 a strong influence 577:594 a strong influence 577:594 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 1 1 theme molecular 128:136 arg1 4 150:150 4 150:150 4 150:150 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 1 1 theme molecular 128:136 arg1 CTS 123:125 CTS 123:125 CTS 123:125 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 1 1 theme molecular 128:136 arg1 weight=5×10 138:148 molecular weight=5×10 128:148 molecular weight=5×10(4) 128:151 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 2 2 from increase 231:238 arg1 distance 258:265 MMT interlayer distance 243:265 MMT interlayer distance 243:265 An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. 25193838 5 3 theme other 799:803 arg1 studies 805:811 other studies 799:811 other studies 799:811 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 6 4 theme rate-limiting 991:1003 arg1 sorption 947:954 the chemical sorption 934:954 the chemical sorption of Co(2+) 934:964 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 6 4 theme rate-limiting 991:1003 arg1 step 1005:1008 the rate-limiting step 987:1008 the rate-limiting step 987:1008 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 1 5 dep chitosan 113:120 arg1 CTS 123:125 CTS 123:125 CTS 123:125 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 1 5 dep chitosan 113:120 arg1 weight=5×10 138:148 molecular weight=5×10 128:148 molecular weight=5×10(4) 128:151 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 3 6 theme Fourier 406:412 arg1 results 362:368 the results 358:368 the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 358:444 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 3 7 dep Fourier 406:412 arg1 transform 414:422 transform 414:422 transform infrared spectroscopy 414:444 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 6 8 theme multilayer 912:921 arg1 model 923:927 a multilayer model 910:927 a multilayer model 910:927 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 4 9 theme CTS 562:564 arg1 ratio 553:557 The mass ratio 544:557 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT 544:571 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 6 10 theme Co 959:960 arg1 sorption 947:954 the chemical sorption 934:954 the chemical sorption of Co(2+) 934:964 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 6 10 theme Co 959:960 arg1 step 1005:1008 the rate-limiting step 987:1008 the rate-limiting step 987:1008 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 3 11 dep transform 414:422 arg1 infrared 424:431 infrared 424:431 transform infrared spectroscopy 414:444 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 4 12 theme CTS-MMT 629:635 arg1 performance 614:624 the adsorption performance 599:624 the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT 599:635 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 5 13 theme 0.25 749:752 arg1 ratio 740:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio 724:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25 724:752 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 5 14 theme composite 700:708 arg1 higher 769:774 higher 769:774 higher 769:774 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 5 14 theme composite 700:708 arg1 material 710:717 the composite material 696:717 the composite material 696:717 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 6 15 theme kinetic 843:849 arg1 results 851:857 kinetic results 843:857 kinetic results 843:857 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 3 16 theme CTS 495:497 arg1 material 483:490 the composite material 469:490 the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) 469:515 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 3 17 theme composite 473:481 arg1 material 483:490 the composite material 469:490 the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) 469:515 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 3 18 theme scanning 373:380 arg1 microscopy 391:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 0 19 theme cobalt 11:16 arg1 ion 22:24 cobalt(II) ion 11:24 cobalt(II) ion 11:24 Removal of cobalt(II) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite. 25193838 4 20 theme strong 579:584 arg1 influence 586:594 a strong influence 577:594 a strong influence 577:594 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 3 21 theme electron 382:389 arg1 microscopy 391:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 scanning electron microscopy 373:400 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 5 22 theme 150mg/g 670:676 arg1 value 661:665 The highest adsorption value 638:665 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g 638:676 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 6 23 theme adsorption 818:827 arg1 isotherms 829:837 The adsorption isotherms 814:837 The adsorption isotherms 814:837 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 5 24 theme MMT 731:733 arg1 ratio 740:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio 724:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25 724:752 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 2 25 theme CTS 330:332 arg1 intercalation 313:325 the intercalation 309:325 the intercalation of CTS into MMT 309:341 An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. 25193838 1 26 theme model 217:221 arg1 ion 223:225 a model ion 215:225 a model ion 215:225 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 1 26 theme model 217:221 arg1 Co 205:206 Co 205:206 Co(2+) 205:210 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 0 27 from solution 39:46 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of cobalt(II) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite 0:74 Removal of cobalt(II) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite. 25193838 4 28 theme mass 548:551 arg1 ratio 553:557 The mass ratio 544:557 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT 544:571 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 5 29 theme adsorption 650:659 arg1 value 661:665 The highest adsorption value 638:665 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g 638:676 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 5 30 dep ratio 740:744 arg1 to 728:729 to 728:729 to 728:729 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 2 31 theme interlayer 247:256 arg1 distance 258:265 MMT interlayer distance 243:265 MMT interlayer distance 243:265 An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. 25193838 0 32 theme ion 22:24 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of cobalt(II) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite 0:74 Removal of cobalt(II) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite. 25193838 3 33 theme MMT 503:505 arg1 material 483:490 the composite material 469:490 the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) 469:515 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 2 34 theme MMT 243:245 arg1 distance 258:265 MMT interlayer distance 243:265 MMT interlayer distance 243:265 An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. 25193838 3 35 theme microscopy 391:400 arg1 results 362:368 the results 358:368 the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 358:444 Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-MMT) was prepared successfully. 25193838 5 36 with material 710:717 arg1 ratio 740:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio 724:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25 724:752 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 4 37 theme adsorption 603:612 arg1 performance 614:624 the adsorption performance 599:624 the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT 599:635 The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. 25193838 1 38 theme heavy 176:180 arg1 cations 188:194 heavy metal cations 176:194 heavy metal cations 176:194 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 5 39 theme highest 642:648 arg1 value 661:665 The highest adsorption value 638:665 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g 638:676 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 5 40 theme mass 735:738 arg1 ratio 740:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio 724:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25 724:752 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 5 41 theme CTS 724:726 arg1 ratio 740:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio 724:744 CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25 724:752 The highest adsorption value of 150mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. 25193838 2 42 theme X-ray 281:285 arg1 diffraction 287:297 X-ray diffraction 281:297 X-ray diffraction 281:297 An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. 25193838 1 43 theme metal 182:186 arg1 cations 188:194 heavy metal cations 176:194 heavy metal cations 176:194 Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight=5×10(4)) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co(2+) as a model ion. 25193838 0 44 theme aqueous 31:37 arg1 solution 39:46 aqueous solution 31:46 aqueous solution 31:46 Removal of cobalt(II) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite. 25193838 6 45 theme chemical 938:945 arg1 sorption 947:954 the chemical sorption 934:954 the chemical sorption of Co(2+) 934:964 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25193838 6 45 theme chemical 938:945 arg1 step 1005:1008 the rate-limiting step 987:1008 the rate-limiting step 987:1008 The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co(2+) was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co(2+) was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 25304326 3 0 theme polarization 657:668 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 0 theme polarization 657:668 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 1 theme tandem 877:882 arg1 spectrometry 889:900 flight tandem mass spectrometry 870:900 flight tandem mass spectrometry 870:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 2 theme ray 800:802 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 2 theme ray 800:802 arg1 fluorescence 804:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 3 theme resonance 605:613 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 3 theme resonance 605:613 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 6 4 theme structural 1421:1430 arg1 unit 1432:1435 the smallest structural unit 1408:1435 the smallest structural unit 1408:1435 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 0 5 from Preparation 0:10 arg1 structure 89:97 its chemical structure 76:97 its chemical structure 76:97 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 5 6 from shape 1224:1228 arg1 irregular 1211:1219 irregular 1211:1219 irregular 1211:1219 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 6 from shape 1224:1228 arg1 melanin 1199:1205 the prepared melanin 1186:1205 the prepared melanin 1186:1205 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 6 7 theme smallest 1412:1419 arg1 unit 1432:1435 the smallest structural unit 1408:1435 the smallest structural unit 1408:1435 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 0 8 theme chemical 80:87 arg1 structure 89:97 its chemical structure 76:97 its chemical structure 76:97 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 1 9 located found 128:132 arg1 liquor 154:159 the waste alkali liquor 137:159 the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources 137:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 1 9 located found 128:132 arg2 deal 108:111 A great deal 100:111 A great deal of melanin 100:122 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 6 10 theme non-covalent 1513:1524 arg1 bonds 1526:1530 non-covalent bonds 1513:1530 non-covalent bonds 1513:1530 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 4 11 theme large 1089:1093 arg1 quantity 1095:1102 a large quantity 1087:1102 a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1087:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 12 theme X 798:798 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 12 theme X 798:798 arg1 fluorescence 804:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 5 13 theme advanced 1284:1291 arg1 levels 1276:1281 three levels 1270:1281 three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure 1270:1390 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 13 theme advanced 1284:1291 arg1 structure 1293:1301 advanced structure 1284:1301 advanced structure maintained by polypeptides 1284:1328 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 3 14 theme nuclear 691:697 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 691:729 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 6 15 contain containing 1480:1489 arg2 layers 1496:1501 five layers 1491:1501 five layers linked by non-covalent bonds 1491:1530 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 6 15 contain containing 1480:1489 arg2 layer 1541:1545 each layer 1536:1545 each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives 1536:1605 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 6 15 contain containing 1480:1489 arg1 structure 1470:1478 the graphite-like layered structure 1444:1478 the graphite-like layered structure 1444:1478 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 4 16 theme commercial 1011:1020 arg1 melanin 1031:1037 the commercial standard melanin 1007:1037 the commercial standard melanin 1007:1037 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 17 theme prepared 470:477 arg1 melanin 479:485 the prepared melanin 466:485 the prepared melanin 466:485 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 18 theme thermal 903:909 arg1 analysis 911:918 thermal analysis 903:918 thermal analysis 903:918 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 18 theme thermal 903:909 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 1 19 theme waste 141:145 arg1 liquor 154:159 the waste alkali liquor 137:159 the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources 137:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 4 20 theme prepared 974:981 arg1 melanin 983:989 the prepared melanin 970:989 the prepared melanin 970:989 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 21 theme magic 670:674 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 21 theme magic 670:674 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 22 theme melanin 479:485 arg1 structure 453:461 structure 453:461 structure 453:461 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 22 theme melanin 479:485 arg1 purity 420:425 The purity 416:425 The purity 416:425 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 22 theme melanin 479:485 arg1 composition 437:447 chemical composition 428:447 chemical composition 428:447 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 23 theme mass 884:887 arg1 spectrometry 889:900 flight tandem mass spectrometry 870:900 flight tandem mass spectrometry 870:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 1 24 theme alkali 147:152 arg1 liquor 154:159 the waste alkali liquor 137:159 the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources 137:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 0 25 from Catharsius 28:37 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. 0:49 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 0 25 from Catharsius 28:37 arg1 study 67:71 preliminary study 55:71 preliminary study on its chemical structure 55:97 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 4 26 theme 5,6-dihydroxyindole 1107:1125 arg1 eumelanin 1127:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 diffraction 785:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 time 862:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time 818:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry 818:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 fluorescence 804:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 Fourier 540:546 Fourier 540:546 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 540:578 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 27 theme absorption 515:524 arg1 analysis 911:918 thermal analysis 903:918 thermal analysis 903:918 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 28 theme spectrometry 889:900 arg1 time 862:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time 818:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry 818:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 28 theme spectrometry 889:900 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 29 theme spectroscopy 718:729 arg1 spectrometry 765:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 6 30 theme layered 1462:1468 arg1 structure 1470:1478 the graphite-like layered structure 1444:1478 the graphite-like layered structure 1444:1478 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 6 31 theme chemical 1663:1670 arg1 bonds 1672:1676 various chemical bonds 1655:1676 various chemical bonds 1655:1676 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 4 32 theme nanoaggregates 1060:1073 arg1 it 1043:1044 it 1043:1044 it 1043:1044 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 32 theme nanoaggregates 1060:1073 arg1 kind 1052:1055 a kind 1050:1055 a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin 1050:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 33 theme pyrolysis 731:739 arg1 spectrometry 765:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 5 34 from addition 1176:1183 arg1 irregular 1211:1219 irregular 1211:1219 irregular 1211:1219 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 34 from addition 1176:1183 arg1 melanin 1199:1205 the prepared melanin 1186:1205 the prepared melanin 1186:1205 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 0 35 theme melanin 15:21 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. 0:49 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 0 35 theme melanin 15:21 arg1 study 67:71 preliminary study 55:71 preliminary study on its chemical structure 55:97 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 3 36 theme magnetic 699:706 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 691:729 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 5 37 from irregular 1211:1219 arg1 addition 1176:1183 addition 1176:1183 addition 1176:1183 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 37 from irregular 1211:1219 arg1 shape 1224:1228 shape 1224:1228 shape 1224:1228 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 diffraction 785:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 time 862:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time 818:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry 818:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 fluorescence 804:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 X ray fluorescence 798:815 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 Fourier 540:546 Fourier 540:546 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 540:578 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 38 theme UV-visible 504:513 arg1 analysis 911:918 thermal analysis 903:918 thermal analysis 903:918 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 39 theme chromatography 745:758 arg1 spectrometry 765:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 40 theme resonance 708:716 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 691:729 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 5 41 dep levels 1276:1281 arg1 microstructure 1377:1390 microstructure 1377:1390 microstructure 1377:1390 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 41 dep levels 1276:1281 arg1 substructure 1331:1342 substructure 1331:1342 substructure maintained by the ferric ion 1331:1371 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 41 dep levels 1276:1281 arg1 structure 1293:1301 advanced structure 1284:1301 advanced structure maintained by polypeptides 1284:1328 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 41 dep levels 1276:1281 arg1 levels 1276:1281 three levels 1270:1281 three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure 1270:1390 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 2 42 theme acid 363:366 arg1 precipitation 368:380 acid precipitation 363:380 acid precipitation 363:380 In this paper, melanin from C. molossus L. was recovered through acid precipitation and purified by pepsin and so on. 25304326 3 43 theme mass 760:763 arg1 spectrometry 765:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 0 44 from study 67:71 arg1 structure 89:97 its chemical structure 76:97 its chemical structure 76:97 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 3 45 theme infrared 558:565 arg1 spectroscopy 567:578 infrared spectroscopy 558:578 infrared spectroscopy 558:578 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 2 46 from L. 338:339 arg1 melanin 313:319 melanin 313:319 melanin from C. molossus L. 313:339 In this paper, melanin from C. molossus L. was recovered through acid precipitation and purified by pepsin and so on. 25304326 1 47 theme chitin 187:192 arg1 extraction 173:182 extraction 173:182 extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources 173:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 4 48 theme melanin 983:989 arg1 higher 995:1000 higher 995:1000 higher 995:1000 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 48 theme melanin 983:989 arg1 purity 960:965 the purity 956:965 the purity of the prepared melanin 956:989 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 49 dep Fourier 540:546 arg1 transform 548:556 transform 548:556 transform infrared spectroscopy 548:578 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 1 50 dep Catharsius 199:208 arg1 L. 219:220 Catharsius molossus L. 199:220 Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources 199:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 4 51 theme small 1143:1147 arg1 amount 1149:1154 a small amount 1141:1154 a small amount of phaeomelanin 1141:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 51 theme small 1143:1147 arg1 eumelanin 1127:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 51 theme small 1143:1147 arg1 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 1 52 theme great 102:106 arg1 deal 108:111 A great deal 100:111 A great deal of melanin 100:122 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 3 53 theme C 649:649 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 53 theme C 649:649 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 54 theme gas 741:743 arg1 spectrometry 765:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 691:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 1 55 dep lye 237:239 arg1 harm 247:250 harm 247:250 harm the environment 247:266 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 1 55 dep lye 237:239 arg1 cause 272:276 cause 272:276 cause waste of resources 272:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 0 56 dep Catharsius 28:37 arg1 L. 48:49 Catharsius molossus L. 28:49 Catharsius molossus L. 28:49 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 4 57 theme phaeomelanin 1159:1170 arg1 amount 1149:1154 a small amount 1141:1154 a small amount of phaeomelanin 1141:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 57 theme phaeomelanin 1159:1170 arg1 quantity 1095:1102 a large quantity 1087:1102 a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1087:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 57 theme phaeomelanin 1159:1170 arg1 eumelanin 1127:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 57 theme phaeomelanin 1159:1170 arg1 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 58 theme magnetic 596:603 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 58 theme magnetic 596:603 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 59 theme laser 834:838 arg1 time 862:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time 818:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry 818:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 59 theme laser 834:838 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 1 60 theme resources 287:295 arg1 waste 278:282 waste 278:282 waste of resources 278:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 6 61 theme various 1655:1661 arg1 bonds 1672:1676 various chemical bonds 1655:1676 various chemical bonds 1655:1676 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 3 62 theme proton 581:586 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 62 theme proton 581:586 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 5 63 theme ferric 1362:1367 arg1 ion 1369:1371 the ferric ion 1358:1371 the ferric ion 1358:1371 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 3 64 theme desorption/ionization 840:860 arg1 time 862:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time 818:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry 818:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 64 theme desorption/ionization 840:860 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 65 theme ray 781:783 arg1 diffraction 785:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 65 theme ray 781:783 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 1 66 from Catharsius 199:208 arg1 extraction 173:182 extraction 173:182 extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources 173:295 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 3 67 theme high 629:632 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 67 theme high 629:632 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 68 theme nuclear 588:594 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 581:626 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 68 theme nuclear 588:594 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 4 69 theme eumelanin 1127:1135 arg1 amount 1149:1154 a small amount 1141:1154 a small amount of phaeomelanin 1141:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 69 theme eumelanin 1127:1135 arg1 quantity 1095:1102 a large quantity 1087:1102 a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1087:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 69 theme eumelanin 1127:1135 arg1 eumelanin 1127:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin 1107:1135 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 4 69 theme eumelanin 1127:1135 arg1 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 phaeomelanin 1159:1170 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 1 70 theme melanin 116:122 arg1 deal 108:111 A great deal 100:111 A great deal of melanin 100:122 A great deal of melanin was found in the waste alkali liquor produced by extraction of chitin from Catharsius molossus L. Discarding the lye could harm the environment and cause waste of resources. 25304326 6 71 theme graphite-like 1448:1460 arg1 structure 1470:1478 the graphite-like layered structure 1444:1478 the graphite-like layered structure 1444:1478 In particular, the smallest structural unit showed the graphite-like layered structure containing five layers linked by non-covalent bonds and each layer mainly consisted of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives, which might be connected to each other through various chemical bonds. 25304326 5 72 theme prepared 1190:1197 arg1 irregular 1211:1219 irregular 1211:1219 irregular 1211:1219 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 5 72 theme prepared 1190:1197 arg1 melanin 1199:1205 the prepared melanin 1186:1205 the prepared melanin 1186:1205 In addition, the prepared melanin was irregular in shape and its structure could be divided into three levels: advanced structure maintained by polypeptides, substructure maintained by the ferric ion and microstructure. 25304326 3 73 theme resolution 634:643 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 73 theme resolution 634:643 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 4 74 theme standard 1022:1029 arg1 melanin 1031:1037 the commercial standard melanin 1007:1037 the commercial standard melanin 1007:1037 The results showed that the purity of the prepared melanin was higher than the commercial standard melanin and it was a kind of nanoaggregates composed of a large quantity of 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin and a small amount of phaeomelanin. 25304326 3 75 theme matrix-assisted 818:832 arg1 time 862:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time 818:865 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry 818:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 75 theme matrix-assisted 818:832 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 0 76 theme preliminary 55:65 arg1 study 67:71 preliminary study 55:71 preliminary study on its chemical structure 55:97 Preparation of melanin from Catharsius molossus L. and preliminary study on its chemical structure. 25304326 3 77 theme Cross 651:655 arg1 angle 676:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle 629:680 high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry 629:776 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 77 theme Cross 651:655 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 78 theme chemical 428:435 arg1 composition 437:447 chemical composition 428:447 chemical composition 428:447 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 79 theme flight 870:875 arg1 spectrometry 889:900 flight tandem mass spectrometry 870:900 flight tandem mass spectrometry 870:900 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 80 theme X 779:779 arg1 diffraction 785:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 X ray diffraction 779:795 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 25304326 3 80 theme X 779:779 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 UV-visible absorption spectroscopy 504:537 The purity, chemical composition and structure of the prepared melanin were explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution (13)C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and so on. 27310019 19 0 theme different 2379:2387 arg1 conditions 2397:2406 all different culture conditions 2375:2406 all different culture conditions 2375:2406 Chondrocytes proliferated overtime in all different culture conditions. 27310019 14 1 theme culture 1891:1897 arg1 medium 1899:1904 the culture medium 1887:1904 the culture medium for one week 1887:1917 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in vitro with the HA and PRP blends in the culture medium for one week. 27310019 22 2 theme HA 2716:2717 arg1 concentrations 2719:2732 four different HA concentrations 2701:2732 four different HA concentrations 2701:2732 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 10 3 theme phosphate 1382:1390 arg1 PBS 1409:1411 PBS 1409:1411 PBS 1409:1411 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 3 theme phosphate 1382:1390 arg1 saline 1401:1406 phosphate buffered saline 1382:1406 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1382:1412 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 11 4 theme Rheological 1458:1468 arg1 measurements 1470:1481 Rheological measurements 1458:1481 Rheological measurements 1458:1481 Rheological measurements were performed on an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer. 27310019 9 5 theme MATERIALS 1139:1147 arg1 blends 1168:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends 1139:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends 1139:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 25 6 theme matrix 3201:3206 arg1 production 3208:3217 extracellular matrix production 3187:3217 extracellular matrix production 3187:3217 Although having the same rheological behavior of SF and HX, HL was superior in stimulating extracellular matrix production in vitro. 27310019 12 7 theme rotational 1570:1579 arg1 measurements 1581:1592 rotational measurements 1570:1592 rotational measurements 1570:1592 Amplitude sweep, frequency sweep and rotational measurements were performed and viscoelastic properties were evaluated. 27310019 24 8 theme low 2990:2992 arg1 concentration 2997:3009 low HA concentration 2990:3009 low HA concentration 2990:3009 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration are not indicated for combination with PRP, as the viscoelastic properties are lost. 27310019 24 9 contain containing 2979:2988 arg1 Viscosupplements 2962:2977 Viscosupplements 2962:2977 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration 2962:3009 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration are not indicated for combination with PRP, as the viscoelastic properties are lost. 27310019 24 9 contain containing 2979:2988 arg2 concentration 2997:3009 low HA concentration 2990:3009 low HA concentration 2990:3009 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration are not indicated for combination with PRP, as the viscoelastic properties are lost. 27310019 9 10 theme METHODS 1153:1159 arg1 blends 1168:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends 1139:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends 1139:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 8 11 theme viscoelastic 967:978 arg1 features 980:987 the viscoelastic features 963:987 (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends 959:1008 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 11 theme viscoelastic 967:978 arg1 effect 1033:1038 their biological effect 1016:1038 (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1011:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 5 12 theme cartilage 623:631 arg1 regeneration 633:644 cartilage regeneration 623:644 cartilage regeneration 623:644 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been also employed to treat OA to possibly induce cartilage regeneration. 27310019 2 13 theme functional 307:316 arg1 cartilage 318:326 fully functional cartilage 301:326 fully functional cartilage 301:326 Current treatments for OA are mainly symptomatic and inadequate since none results in restoration of fully functional cartilage. 27310019 9 14 theme Sinovial 1319:1326 arg1 HL 1337:1338 HL 1337:1338 HL 1337:1338 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 14 theme Sinovial 1319:1326 arg1 % 1334:1334 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% 1316:1334 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 10 15 theme saline 1401:1406 arg1 types 1430:1434 the four HA types 1418:1434 the four HA types 1418:1434 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 15 theme saline 1401:1406 arg1 control 1449:1455 control 1449:1455 control 1449:1455 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 15 theme saline 1401:1406 arg1 Combinations 1366:1377 Combinations 1366:1377 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1366:1412 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 8 16 from properties 874:883 arg1 combination 917:927 combination 917:927 combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 917:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 23 17 theme viscosupplementation 2927:2946 arg1 effect 2948:2953 the viscosupplementation effect 2923:2953 the viscosupplementation effect of HA 2923:2959 Our data demonstrate that PRP addition is not detrimental to the viscosupplementation effect of HA. 27310019 5 18 theme Platelet-rich 542:554 arg1 plasma 556:561 Platelet-rich plasma 542:561 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 542:567 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been also employed to treat OA to possibly induce cartilage regeneration. 27310019 5 18 theme Platelet-rich 542:554 arg1 PRP 564:566 PRP 564:566 PRP 564:566 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been also employed to treat OA to possibly induce cartilage regeneration. 27310019 16 19 theme PRP 2009:2011 arg1 addition 2013:2020 RESULTS PRP addition 2001:2020 RESULTS PRP addition to HA 2001:2026 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 8 20 dep effect 1033:1038 arg1 ii 1012:1013 ii 1012:1013 ii 1012:1013 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 21 from compositions 901:912 arg1 combination 917:927 combination 917:927 combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 917:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 25 22 theme rheological 3121:3131 arg1 behavior 3133:3140 the same rheological behavior 3112:3140 the same rheological behavior of SF and HX 3112:3153 Although having the same rheological behavior of SF and HX, HL was superior in stimulating extracellular matrix production in vitro. 27310019 13 23 theme Albumin 1738:1744 arg1 presence 1713:1720 presence 1713:1720 presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%) 1713:1795 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 8 24 theme study 821:825 arg1 aim 809:811 The aim 805:811 The aim of this study 805:825 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 3 25 theme Acid 340:343 arg1 injections 366:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections 329:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections 329:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections are widely accepted for the treatment of pain associated to OA. 27310019 16 26 theme point 2107:2111 arg1 increase 2081:2088 increase 2081:2088 increase of the crossover point 2081:2111 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 16 26 theme point 2107:2111 arg1 decrease 2039:2046 a decrease 2037:2046 a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli 2037:2075 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 16 27 theme moduli 2070:2075 arg1 increase 2081:2088 increase 2081:2088 increase of the crossover point 2081:2111 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 16 27 theme moduli 2070:2075 arg1 decrease 2039:2046 a decrease 2037:2046 a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli 2037:2075 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 18 28 from fluid 2304:2308 arg1 abundant 2319:2326 abundant 2319:2326 abundant 2319:2326 Results were validated also in presence of proteins, which in synovial fluid are more abundant than HA. 27310019 9 29 theme Hyalubrix 1345:1353 arg1 HX 1361:1362 HX 1361:1362 HX 1361:1362 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 29 theme Hyalubrix 1345:1353 arg1 % 1358:1358 1.5% 1355:1358 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 8 30 from effect 1033:1038 arg1 chondrocytes 1058:1069 osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1043:1069 osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1043:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 9 31 theme different 1237:1245 arg1 concentrations 1247:1260 different concentrations 1237:1260 different concentrations 1237:1260 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 8 32 theme HA-PRP 996:1001 arg1 blends 1003:1008 the HA-PRP blends 992:1008 the HA-PRP blends 992:1008 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 3 33 theme intra-articular 350:364 arg1 injections 366:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections 329:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections 329:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections are widely accepted for the treatment of pain associated to OA. 27310019 16 34 theme pure 2123:2126 arg1 effect 2137:2142 a pure dilution effect 2121:2142 a pure dilution effect 2121:2142 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 13 35 theme Bovine 1725:1730 arg1 Albumin 1738:1744 Bovine Serum Albumin 1725:1744 Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 1725:1750 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 13 35 theme Bovine 1725:1730 arg1 BSA 1747:1749 BSA 1747:1749 BSA 1747:1749 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 19 36 theme culture 2389:2395 arg1 conditions 2397:2406 all different culture conditions 2375:2406 all different culture conditions 2375:2406 Chondrocytes proliferated overtime in all different culture conditions. 27310019 16 37 theme shear 2064:2068 arg1 moduli 2070:2075 viscoelastic shear moduli 2051:2075 viscoelastic shear moduli 2051:2075 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 4 38 theme viscosupplementation 456:475 arg1 goal 445:448 The goal 441:448 The goal of HA viscosupplementation 441:475 The goal of HA viscosupplementation is to reduce pain and improve viscoelasticity of synovial fluid. 27310019 6 39 theme many 690:693 arg1 advantages 695:704 many advantages 690:704 many advantages 690:704 The combination of HA and PRP could supply many advantages for tissue repair. 27310019 20 40 theme proliferation 2413:2425 arg1 higher 2436:2441 higher 2436:2441 higher 2436:2441 The proliferation rate was higher in chondrocytes cultured in the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone. 27310019 20 40 theme proliferation 2413:2425 arg1 rate 2427:2430 The proliferation rate 2409:2430 The proliferation rate 2409:2430 The proliferation rate was higher in chondrocytes cultured in the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone. 27310019 25 41 theme extracellular 3187:3199 arg1 production 3208:3217 extracellular matrix production 3187:3217 extracellular matrix production 3187:3217 Although having the same rheological behavior of SF and HX, HL was superior in stimulating extracellular matrix production in vitro. 27310019 8 42 dep formulations 1084:1095 arg1 iii 1076:1078 iii 1076:1078 iii 1076:1078 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 43 with combination 1117:1127 arg1 PRP 1134:1136 PRP 1134:1136 PRP 1134:1136 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 0 44 theme Platelet 0:7 arg1 Plasma 14:19 Platelet Rich Plasma 0:19 Platelet Rich Plasma 0:19 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 14 45 theme Primary 1798:1804 arg1 chondrocytes 1821:1832 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1798:1832 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1798:1832 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in vitro with the HA and PRP blends in the culture medium for one week. 27310019 8 46 theme different 888:896 arg1 compositions 901:912 different HA compositions 888:912 different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 888:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 47 with combination 917:927 arg1 PRP 934:936 PRP 934:936 PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 934:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 13 48 theme rheological 1657:1667 arg1 data 1669:1672 The rheological data 1653:1672 The rheological data 1653:1672 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 7 49 theme regenerative 780:791 arg1 properties 793:802 PRP regenerative properties 776:802 PRP regenerative properties 776:802 Indeed, it conjugates HA viscosupplementation with PRP regenerative properties. 27310019 8 50 theme compositions 901:912 arg1 properties 874:883 biological properties 863:883 biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 863:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 50 theme compositions 901:912 arg1 formulations 1084:1095 (iii) HA formulations 1075:1095 (iii) HA formulations 1075:1095 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 14 51 theme PRP 1873:1875 arg1 blends 1877:1882 the HA and PRP blends 1862:1882 blends 1877:1882 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in vitro with the HA and PRP blends in the culture medium for one week. 27310019 16 52 theme viscoelastic 2051:2062 arg1 moduli 2070:2075 viscoelastic shear moduli 2051:2075 viscoelastic shear moduli 2051:2075 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 0 53 theme Hyaluronic 25:34 arg1 Blend 41:45 Hyaluronic Acid Blend 25:45 Hyaluronic Acid Blend 25:45 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 24 54 theme viscoelastic 3062:3073 arg1 properties 3075:3084 the viscoelastic properties 3058:3084 the viscoelastic properties 3058:3084 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration are not indicated for combination with PRP, as the viscoelastic properties are lost. 27310019 8 55 theme osteoarthritic 1043:1056 arg1 chondrocytes 1058:1069 osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1043:1069 osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1043:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 56 from formulations 1084:1095 arg1 combination 917:927 combination 917:927 combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 917:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 15 57 theme Cell 1920:1923 arg1 viability 1925:1933 Cell viability 1920:1933 Cell viability 1920:1933 Cell viability, proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were assessed. 27310019 14 58 theme HA 1866:1867 arg1 blends 1877:1882 the HA and PRP blends 1862:1882 blends 1877:1882 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in vitro with the HA and PRP blends in the culture medium for one week. 27310019 22 59 from insights 2764:2771 arg1 properties 2804:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties 2776:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy 2776:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 7 60 theme HA 747:748 arg1 viscosupplementation 750:769 HA viscosupplementation 747:769 HA viscosupplementation with PRP regenerative properties 747:802 Indeed, it conjugates HA viscosupplementation with PRP regenerative properties. 27310019 4 61 theme fluid 535:539 arg1 viscoelasticity 507:521 viscoelasticity 507:521 viscoelasticity of synovial fluid 507:539 The goal of HA viscosupplementation is to reduce pain and improve viscoelasticity of synovial fluid. 27310019 2 62 theme Current 200:206 arg1 treatments 208:217 Current treatments 200:217 Current treatments for OA 200:224 Current treatments for OA are mainly symptomatic and inadequate since none results in restoration of fully functional cartilage. 27310019 9 63 dep % 1334:1334 arg1 3 1316:1316 3 1316:1316 3 1316:1316 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 0 64 dep Plasma 14:19 arg1 Evaluation 111:120 Rheological and Biological Evaluation 84:120 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 0:121 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 11 65 theme PaarMCR-302 1510:1520 arg1 rheometer 1522:1530 an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer 1501:1530 an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer 1501:1530 Rheological measurements were performed on an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer. 27310019 22 66 dep DISCUSSION 2629:2638 arg1 investigated 2643:2654 investigated 2643:2654 investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy 2643:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 9 67 theme Forte 1299:1303 arg1 SF 1311:1312 SF 1311:1312 SF 1311:1312 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 67 theme Forte 1299:1303 arg1 % 1308:1308 Sinovial Forte 1.6% 1290:1308 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 8 68 theme HA 1081:1082 arg1 formulations 1084:1095 (iii) HA formulations 1075:1095 (iii) HA formulations 1075:1095 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 12 69 theme viscoelastic 1613:1624 arg1 properties 1626:1635 viscoelastic properties 1613:1635 viscoelastic properties 1613:1635 Amplitude sweep, frequency sweep and rotational measurements were performed and viscoelastic properties were evaluated. 27310019 8 70 theme suitable 1097:1104 arg1 properties 874:883 biological properties 863:883 biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 863:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 22 71 theme concentrations 2719:2732 arg1 properties 2687:2696 the rheological and biological properties 2656:2696 the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations 2656:2732 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 10 72 theme buffered 1392:1399 arg1 PBS 1409:1411 PBS 1409:1411 PBS 1409:1411 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 72 theme buffered 1392:1399 arg1 saline 1401:1406 phosphate buffered saline 1382:1406 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1382:1412 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 12 73 theme Amplitude 1533:1541 arg1 sweep 1543:1547 Amplitude sweep 1533:1547 Amplitude sweep 1533:1547 Amplitude sweep, frequency sweep and rotational measurements were performed and viscoelastic properties were evaluated. 27310019 7 74 with viscosupplementation 750:769 arg1 properties 793:802 PRP regenerative properties 776:802 PRP regenerative properties 776:802 Indeed, it conjugates HA viscosupplementation with PRP regenerative properties. 27310019 22 75 theme promising 2820:2828 arg1 approach 2830:2837 a promising approach 2818:2837 a promising approach for future OA therapy 2818:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 24 76 with combination 3033:3043 arg1 PRP 3050:3052 PRP 3050:3052 PRP 3050:3052 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration are not indicated for combination with PRP, as the viscoelastic properties are lost. 27310019 15 77 theme glycosaminoglycan 1954:1970 arg1 content 1978:1984 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1954:1984 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1954:1984 Cell viability, proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were assessed. 27310019 21 78 dep PRP 2611:2613 arg1 blend 2622:2626 blend 2622:2626 blend 2622:2626 GAG content was significantly higher in chondrocytes cultured in PRP and HL blend. 27310019 23 79 theme HA 2958:2959 arg1 effect 2948:2953 the viscosupplementation effect 2923:2953 the viscosupplementation effect of HA 2923:2959 Our data demonstrate that PRP addition is not detrimental to the viscosupplementation effect of HA. 27310019 20 80 theme different 2526:2534 arg1 HA 2536:2537 different HA 2526:2537 different HA alone 2526:2543 The proliferation rate was higher in chondrocytes cultured in the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone. 27310019 9 81 theme HA/PRP 1161:1166 arg1 blends 1168:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends 1139:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends 1139:1173 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 2 82 theme cartilage 318:326 arg1 restoration 286:296 restoration 286:296 restoration of fully functional cartilage 286:326 Current treatments for OA are mainly symptomatic and inadequate since none results in restoration of fully functional cartilage. 27310019 1 83 theme common 168:173 arg1 Osteoarthritis 136:149 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis 123:149 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) 123:154 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 1 83 theme common 168:173 arg1 disease 191:197 the most common musculoskeletal disease 159:197 the most common musculoskeletal disease 159:197 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 12 84 theme frequency 1550:1558 arg1 sweep 1560:1564 frequency sweep 1550:1564 frequency sweep 1550:1564 Amplitude sweep, frequency sweep and rotational measurements were performed and viscoelastic properties were evaluated. 27310019 22 85 theme biological 2793:2802 arg1 properties 2804:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties 2776:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy 2776:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 17 86 with viscosupplements 2149:2164 arg1 concentration 2174:2186 HA concentration 2171:2186 HA concentration 2171:2186 For viscosupplements with HA concentration below 1% the viscoelasticity is mostly lost. 27310019 24 87 theme HA 2994:2995 arg1 concentration 2997:3009 low HA concentration 2990:3009 low HA concentration 2990:3009 Viscosupplements containing low HA concentration are not indicated for combination with PRP, as the viscoelastic properties are lost. 27310019 13 88 theme ultra-physiological 1758:1776 arg1 concentration 1778:1790 ultra-physiological concentration 1758:1790 ultra-physiological concentration (7%) 1758:1795 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 13 88 theme ultra-physiological 1758:1776 arg1 % 1794:1794 7% 1793:1794 7% 1793:1794 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 9 89 theme HL 1328:1329 arg1 HL 1337:1338 HL 1337:1338 HL 1337:1338 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 89 theme HL 1328:1329 arg1 % 1334:1334 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% 1316:1334 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 22 90 theme viscoelastic 2776:2787 arg1 properties 2804:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties 2776:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy 2776:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 10 91 theme HA 1427:1428 arg1 types 1430:1434 the four HA types 1418:1434 the four HA types 1418:1434 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 91 theme HA 1427:1428 arg1 Combinations 1366:1377 Combinations 1366:1377 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1366:1412 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 91 theme HA 1427:1428 arg1 control 1449:1455 control 1449:1455 control 1449:1455 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 1 92 theme musculoskeletal 175:189 arg1 Osteoarthritis 136:149 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis 123:149 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) 123:154 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 1 92 theme musculoskeletal 175:189 arg1 disease 191:197 the most common musculoskeletal disease 159:197 the most common musculoskeletal disease 159:197 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 9 93 from concentrations 1247:1260 arg1 HA 1231:1232 three different HA 1215:1232 three different HA at different concentrations 1215:1260 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 93 from concentrations 1247:1260 arg1 PRP 1207:1209 human PRP 1201:1209 human PRP 1201:1209 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 4 94 theme HA 453:454 arg1 viscosupplementation 456:475 HA viscosupplementation 453:475 HA viscosupplementation 453:475 The goal of HA viscosupplementation is to reduce pain and improve viscoelasticity of synovial fluid. 27310019 16 95 theme dilution 2128:2135 arg1 effect 2137:2142 a pure dilution effect 2121:2142 a pure dilution effect 2121:2142 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 22 96 theme OA 2850:2851 arg1 therapy 2853:2859 future OA therapy 2843:2859 future OA therapy 2843:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 9 97 theme human 1201:1205 arg1 PRP 1207:1209 human PRP 1201:1209 human PRP 1201:1209 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 13 98 theme Serum 1732:1736 arg1 Albumin 1738:1744 Bovine Serum Albumin 1725:1744 Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 1725:1750 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 13 98 theme Serum 1732:1736 arg1 BSA 1747:1749 BSA 1747:1749 BSA 1747:1749 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 1 99 theme INTRODUCTION 123:134 arg1 OA 152:153 OA 152:153 OA 152:153 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 1 99 theme INTRODUCTION 123:134 arg1 Osteoarthritis 136:149 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis 123:149 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) 123:154 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 1 99 theme INTRODUCTION 123:134 arg1 disease 191:197 the most common musculoskeletal disease 159:197 the most common musculoskeletal disease 159:197 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. 27310019 25 100 theme SF 3145:3146 arg1 behavior 3133:3140 the same rheological behavior 3112:3140 the same rheological behavior of SF and HX 3112:3153 Although having the same rheological behavior of SF and HX, HL was superior in stimulating extracellular matrix production in vitro. 27310019 9 101 dep % 1308:1308 arg1 2 1287:1287 2 1287:1287 2 1287:1287 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 23 102 theme PRP 2888:2890 arg1 addition 2892:2899 PRP addition 2888:2899 PRP addition 2888:2899 Our data demonstrate that PRP addition is not detrimental to the viscosupplementation effect of HA. 27310019 9 103 theme different 1221:1229 arg1 HA 1231:1232 three different HA 1215:1232 three different HA at different concentrations 1215:1260 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 25 104 theme HX 3152:3153 arg1 behavior 3133:3140 the same rheological behavior 3112:3140 the same rheological behavior of SF and HX 3112:3153 Although having the same rheological behavior of SF and HX, HL was superior in stimulating extracellular matrix production in vitro. 27310019 13 105 dep concentration 1778:1790 arg1 up 1752:1753 up 1752:1753 up 1752:1753 The rheological data were validated performing the tests in presence of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) up to ultra-physiological concentration (7%). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 1 1263:1263 1 1263:1263 1 1263:1263 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 % 1358:1358 1.5% 1355:1358 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 HL 1337:1338 HL 1337:1338 HL 1337:1338 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 % 1308:1308 Sinovial Forte 1.6% 1290:1308 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 SF 1311:1312 SF 1311:1312 SF 1311:1312 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 HX 1361:1362 HX 1361:1362 HX 1361:1362 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 106 dep % 1279:1279 arg1 % 1334:1334 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% 1316:1334 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 18 107 theme synovial 2295:2302 arg1 fluid 2304:2308 synovial fluid 2295:2308 synovial fluid 2295:2308 Results were validated also in presence of proteins, which in synovial fluid are more abundant than HA. 27310019 16 108 theme crossover 2097:2105 arg1 point 2107:2111 the crossover point 2093:2111 the crossover point 2093:2111 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 0 109 theme Osteoarthritis 68:81 arg1 Treatment 55:63 the Treatment 51:63 the Treatment of Osteoarthritis 51:81 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 8 110 theme blends 1003:1008 arg1 features 980:987 the viscoelastic features 963:987 (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends 959:1008 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 110 theme blends 1003:1008 arg1 effect 1033:1038 their biological effect 1016:1038 (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1011:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 3 111 theme Hyaluronic 329:338 arg1 Acid 340:343 Hyaluronic Acid 329:343 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections 329:375 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections are widely accepted for the treatment of pain associated to OA. 27310019 3 111 theme Hyaluronic 329:338 arg1 HA 346:347 HA 346:347 HA 346:347 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections are widely accepted for the treatment of pain associated to OA. 27310019 22 112 theme different 2706:2714 arg1 concentrations 2719:2732 four different HA concentrations 2701:2732 four different HA concentrations 2701:2732 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 20 113 with cultures 2512:2519 arg1 HA 2536:2537 different HA 2526:2537 different HA alone 2526:2543 The proliferation rate was higher in chondrocytes cultured in the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone. 27310019 0 114 theme Rheological 84:94 arg1 Evaluation 111:120 Rheological and Biological Evaluation 84:120 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 0:121 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 22 115 theme future 2843:2848 arg1 therapy 2853:2859 future OA therapy 2843:2859 future OA therapy 2843:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 0 116 theme Biological 100:109 arg1 Evaluation 111:120 Rheological and Biological Evaluation 84:120 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 0:121 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 18 117 from abundant 2319:2326 arg1 fluid 2304:2308 synovial fluid 2295:2308 synovial fluid 2295:2308 Results were validated also in presence of proteins, which in synovial fluid are more abundant than HA. 27310019 8 118 theme rheological 847:857 arg1 properties 874:883 biological properties 863:883 biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 863:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 22 119 theme approach 2830:2837 arg1 properties 2804:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties 2776:2813 viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy 2776:2859 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 22 120 theme biological 2676:2685 arg1 properties 2687:2696 the rheological and biological properties 2656:2696 the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations 2656:2732 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 8 121 dep features 980:987 arg1 i 960:960 i 960:960 i 960:960 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 0 122 theme Rich 9:12 arg1 Plasma 14:19 Platelet Rich Plasma 0:19 Platelet Rich Plasma 0:19 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 9 123 theme Sinovial 1266:1273 arg1 % 1279:1279 Sinovial, 0.8% 1266:1279 % 1279:1279 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 123 theme Sinovial 1266:1273 arg1 SN 1282:1283 SN 1282:1283 SN 1282:1283 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 8 124 theme biological 1022:1031 arg1 features 980:987 the viscoelastic features 963:987 (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends 959:1008 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 124 theme biological 1022:1031 arg1 effect 1033:1038 their biological effect 1016:1038 (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1011:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 14 125 theme osteoarthritic 1806:1819 arg1 chondrocytes 1821:1832 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1798:1832 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes 1798:1832 Primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in vitro with the HA and PRP blends in the culture medium for one week. 27310019 8 126 theme biological 863:872 arg1 properties 874:883 biological properties 863:883 biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 863:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 127 from combination 917:927 arg1 properties 874:883 biological properties 863:883 biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 863:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 8 127 from combination 917:927 arg1 formulations 1084:1095 (iii) HA formulations 1075:1095 (iii) HA formulations 1075:1095 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 18 128 theme proteins 2276:2283 arg1 presence 2264:2271 presence 2264:2271 presence of proteins, which in synovial fluid are more abundant than HA 2264:2334 Results were validated also in presence of proteins, which in synovial fluid are more abundant than HA. 27310019 22 129 theme rheological 2660:2670 arg1 properties 2687:2696 the rheological and biological properties 2656:2696 the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations 2656:2732 DISCUSSION We investigated the rheological and biological properties of four different HA concentrations when combined with PRP giving insights on viscoelastic and biological properties of a promising approach for future OA therapy. 27310019 9 130 dep % 1358:1358 arg1 4 1342:1342 4 1342:1342 4 1342:1342 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 6 131 theme PRP 673:675 arg1 combination 651:661 The combination 647:661 The combination of HA and PRP 647:675 The combination of HA and PRP could supply many advantages for tissue repair. 27310019 10 132 used used 1441:1444 arg2 types 1430:1434 the four HA types 1418:1434 the four HA types 1418:1434 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 132 used used 1441:1444 arg2 Combinations 1366:1377 Combinations 1366:1377 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1366:1412 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 10 132 used used 1441:1444 arg2 control 1449:1455 control 1449:1455 control 1449:1455 Combinations of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the four HA types were used as control. 27310019 25 133 theme same 3116:3119 arg1 behavior 3133:3140 the same rheological behavior 3112:3140 the same rheological behavior of SF and HX 3112:3153 Although having the same rheological behavior of SF and HX, HL was superior in stimulating extracellular matrix production in vitro. 27310019 17 134 theme HA 2171:2172 arg1 concentration 2174:2186 HA concentration 2171:2186 HA concentration 2171:2186 For viscosupplements with HA concentration below 1% the viscoelasticity is mostly lost. 27310019 6 135 theme HA 666:667 arg1 combination 651:661 The combination 647:661 The combination of HA and PRP 647:675 The combination of HA and PRP could supply many advantages for tissue repair. 27310019 0 136 theme Acid 36:39 arg1 Blend 41:45 Hyaluronic Acid Blend 25:45 Hyaluronic Acid Blend 25:45 Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. 27310019 8 137 theme HA 898:899 arg1 compositions 901:912 different HA compositions 888:912 different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes 888:1069 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 3 138 theme pain 418:421 arg1 treatment 405:413 the treatment 401:413 the treatment of pain associated to OA 401:438 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) intra-articular injections are widely accepted for the treatment of pain associated to OA. 27310019 4 139 theme synovial 526:533 arg1 fluid 535:539 synovial fluid 526:539 synovial fluid 526:539 The goal of HA viscosupplementation is to reduce pain and improve viscoelasticity of synovial fluid. 27310019 7 140 theme PRP 776:778 arg1 properties 793:802 PRP regenerative properties 776:802 PRP regenerative properties 776:802 Indeed, it conjugates HA viscosupplementation with PRP regenerative properties. 27310019 11 141 theme Anton 1504:1508 arg1 rheometer 1522:1530 an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer 1501:1530 an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer 1501:1530 Rheological measurements were performed on an Anton PaarMCR-302 rheometer. 27310019 9 142 theme Sinovial 1290:1297 arg1 SF 1311:1312 SF 1311:1312 SF 1311:1312 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 9 142 theme Sinovial 1290:1297 arg1 % 1308:1308 Sinovial Forte 1.6% 1290:1308 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX) 1263:1363 MATERIALS AND METHODS HA/PRP blends have been obtained mixing human PRP and three different HA at different concentrations: 1) Sinovial, 0.8% (SN); 2) Sinovial Forte 1.6% (SF); 3) Sinovial HL 3.2% (HL); 4) Hyalubrix 1.5% (HX). 27310019 8 143 from use 1110:1112 arg1 combination 1117:1127 combination 1117:1127 combination with PRP 1117:1136 The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and biological properties of different HA compositions in combination with PRP in order to identify (i) the viscoelastic features of the HA-PRP blends, (ii) their biological effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and (iii) HA formulations suitable for use in combination with PRP. 27310019 20 144 contain containing 2481:2490 arg2 PRP 2492:2494 PRP 2492:2494 PRP 2492:2494 The proliferation rate was higher in chondrocytes cultured in the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone. 27310019 20 144 contain containing 2481:2490 arg1 media 2475:2479 the media 2471:2479 the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone 2471:2543 The proliferation rate was higher in chondrocytes cultured in the media containing PRP compared to the cultures with different HA alone. 27310019 16 145 theme RESULTS 2001:2007 arg1 addition 2013:2020 RESULTS PRP addition 2001:2020 RESULTS PRP addition to HA 2001:2026 RESULTS PRP addition to HA leads to a decrease of viscoelastic shear moduli and increase of the crossover point, due to a pure dilution effect. 27310019 21 146 theme GAG 2546:2548 arg1 content 2550:2556 GAG content 2546:2556 GAG content 2546:2556 GAG content was significantly higher in chondrocytes cultured in PRP and HL blend. 27310019 6 147 theme tissue 710:715 arg1 repair 717:722 tissue repair 710:722 tissue repair 710:722 The combination of HA and PRP could supply many advantages for tissue repair. 25690303 0 0 theme nanoscale 81:89 arg1 interaction 91:101 nanoscale interaction 81:101 nanoscale interaction with bioglass 81:115 Enhancing the biological activity of chitosan and controlling the degradation by nanoscale interaction with bioglass. 25690303 5 1 theme 40 769:770 arg1 vol 772:774 vol 772:774 vol 772:774 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 6 2 theme % 869:869 arg1 loss 876:879 80% mass loss 867:879 80% mass loss 867:879 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 4 3 theme chitosan 615:622 arg1 composition 600:610 composition 600:610 composition of chitosan and temperature 600:638 The gelation time of these hybrids samples was optimized by varying parameters such as composition of chitosan and temperature. 25690303 5 4 theme vol 772:774 arg1 hybrid 787:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 4 5 theme samples 548:554 arg1 time 526:529 The gelation time 513:529 The gelation time of these hybrids samples 513:554 The gelation time of these hybrids samples was optimized by varying parameters such as composition of chitosan and temperature. 25690303 6 6 theme enzymatic 812:820 arg1 degradation 822:832 the enzymatic degradation 808:832 the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks 808:846 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 1 7 theme organic-inorganic 166:182 arg1 biomaterials 184:195 organic-inorganic biomaterials 166:195 organic-inorganic biomaterials 166:195 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. 25690303 2 8 used used 297:300 arg2 product 320:326 an alternative product 305:326 an alternative product 305:326 In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. 25690303 2 8 used used 297:300 arg2 bonding 255:261 a chemical bonding 244:261 a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass 244:291 In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. 25690303 10 9 theme bone 1548:1551 arg1 applications 1572:1583 bone tissue engineering applications 1548:1583 bone tissue engineering applications 1548:1583 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 4 10 theme hybrids 540:546 arg1 samples 548:554 these hybrids samples 534:554 these hybrids samples 534:554 The gelation time of these hybrids samples was optimized by varying parameters such as composition of chitosan and temperature. 25690303 4 11 theme temperature 628:638 arg1 composition 600:610 composition 600:610 composition of chitosan and temperature 600:638 The gelation time of these hybrids samples was optimized by varying parameters such as composition of chitosan and temperature. 25690303 3 12 theme homogenous 364:373 arg1 composite 375:383 a homogenous composite 362:383 a homogenous composite 362:383 To prepare a homogenous composite, chitosan was functionalized with γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and chemically bonded with bioglass during sol-gel method. 25690303 9 13 theme foaming 1259:1265 arg1 agent 1267:1271 a gas foaming agent 1253:1271 a gas foaming agent 1253:1271 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 9 13 theme foaming 1259:1265 arg1 scaffolds 1166:1174 These scaffolds 1160:1174 These scaffolds 1160:1174 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 7 14 dep in 960:961 arg1 vitro 963:967 vitro 963:967 vitro 963:967 The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. 25690303 7 15 theme chitosan 1059:1066 arg1 bioactivity 1044:1054 the bioactivity 1040:1054 the bioactivity of chitosan 1040:1066 The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. 25690303 1 16 theme biomaterials 184:195 arg1 mixture 155:161 physical mixture 146:161 physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials 146:195 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. 25690303 10 17 theme promising 1521:1529 arg1 alternatives 1531:1542 promising alternatives 1521:1542 promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications 1521:1583 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 6 18 theme mass 871:874 arg1 loss 876:879 80% mass loss 867:879 80% mass loss 867:879 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 5 19 theme gelation 659:666 arg1 time 668:671 gelation time 659:671 gelation time 659:671 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 4 20 theme gelation 517:524 arg1 time 526:529 The gelation time 513:529 The gelation time of these hybrids samples 513:554 The gelation time of these hybrids samples was optimized by varying parameters such as composition of chitosan and temperature. 25690303 9 21 theme gas 1255:1257 arg1 agent 1267:1271 a gas foaming agent 1253:1271 a gas foaming agent 1253:1271 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 9 21 theme gas 1255:1257 arg1 scaffolds 1166:1174 These scaffolds 1160:1174 These scaffolds 1160:1174 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 10 22 theme physical 1475:1482 arg1 mixture 1484:1490 physical mixture 1475:1490 physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass 1475:1511 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 9 23 theme sol-gel 1235:1241 arg1 method 1243:1248 sol-gel method 1235:1248 sol-gel method 1235:1248 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 10 24 theme chitosan-bioglass 1495:1511 arg1 mixture 1484:1490 physical mixture 1475:1490 physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass 1475:1511 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 8 25 theme pore 1121:1124 arg1 sizes 1126:1130 pore sizes 1121:1130 pore sizes in the range of 200-400 µm 1121:1157 Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated with pore sizes in the range of 200-400 µm. 25690303 10 26 theme engineering 1560:1570 arg1 applications 1572:1583 bone tissue engineering applications 1548:1583 bone tissue engineering applications 1548:1583 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 6 27 theme bioglass 928:935 arg1 hybrid 937:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 0 28 with interaction 91:101 arg1 bioglass 108:115 bioglass 108:115 bioglass 108:115 Enhancing the biological activity of chitosan and controlling the degradation by nanoscale interaction with bioglass. 25690303 2 29 theme alternative 308:318 arg1 product 320:326 an alternative product 305:326 an alternative product 305:326 In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. 25690303 2 29 theme alternative 308:318 arg1 bonding 255:261 a chemical bonding 244:261 a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass 244:291 In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. 25690303 3 30 theme sol-gel 497:503 arg1 method 505:510 sol-gel method 497:510 sol-gel method 497:510 To prepare a homogenous composite, chitosan was functionalized with γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and chemically bonded with bioglass during sol-gel method. 25690303 0 31 theme biological 14:23 arg1 activity 25:32 the biological activity 10:32 the biological activity of chitosan 10:44 Enhancing the biological activity of chitosan and controlling the degradation by nanoscale interaction with bioglass. 25690303 6 32 theme % 926:926 arg1 hybrid 937:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 7 33 theme in 960:961 arg1 study 969:973 in vitro study 960:973 in vitro study 960:973 The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. 25690303 6 34 theme 80 867:868 arg1 % 869:869 % 869:869 % 869:869 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 1 35 theme failure 221:227 arg1 risk 213:216 their risk 207:216 their risk of failure 207:227 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. 25690303 0 36 theme chitosan 37:44 arg1 activity 25:32 the biological activity 10:32 the biological activity of chitosan 10:44 Enhancing the biological activity of chitosan and controlling the degradation by nanoscale interaction with bioglass. 25690303 6 37 theme vol 922:924 arg1 hybrid 937:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 7 38 theme nanoscale 1009:1017 arg1 interaction 1019:1029 nanoscale interaction 1009:1029 nanoscale interaction 1009:1029 The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. 25690303 5 39 from 70°C 751:754 arg1 minutes 740:746 less than six minutes 726:746 less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 726:792 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 2 40 theme chemical 246:253 arg1 product 320:326 an alternative product 305:326 an alternative product 305:326 In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. 25690303 2 40 theme chemical 246:253 arg1 bonding 255:261 a chemical bonding 244:261 a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass 244:291 In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. 25690303 10 41 contain possessed 1413:1421 arg2 mixture 1484:1490 physical mixture 1475:1490 physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass 1475:1511 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 10 41 contain possessed 1413:1421 arg2 characteristics 1432:1446 superior characteristics 1423:1446 superior characteristics 1423:1446 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 10 41 contain possessed 1413:1421 arg1 hybrids 1380:1386 The hybrids 1376:1386 The hybrids fabricated in this study 1376:1411 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 5 42 theme bioglass 778:785 arg1 hybrid 787:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 6 43 theme 40 919:920 arg1 vol 922:924 vol 922:924 vol 922:924 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 7 44 theme interaction 1019:1029 arg1 presence 997:1004 the presence 993:1004 the presence of nanoscale interaction 993:1029 The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. 25690303 7 45 theme study 969:973 arg1 results 949:955 The results 945:955 The results of in vitro study 945:973 The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. 25690303 6 46 theme chitosan 910:917 arg1 hybrid 937:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 910:942 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 6 47 theme pure 885:888 arg1 chitosan 890:897 pure chitosan 885:897 pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 885:942 Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 9 48 theme gelation 1323:1330 arg1 time 1332:1335 the gelation time 1319:1335 the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes 1319:1373 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 5 49 theme pure 701:704 arg1 bioglass 706:713 pure bioglass 701:713 pure bioglass 701:713 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 9 50 theme sodium 1209:1214 arg1 bicarbonate 1216:1226 sodium bicarbonate 1209:1226 sodium bicarbonate 1209:1226 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 3 51 theme γ-glycidoxypropyl 419:435 arg1 trimethoxysilane 437:452 γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane 419:452 γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane 419:452 To prepare a homogenous composite, chitosan was functionalized with γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and chemically bonded with bioglass during sol-gel method. 25690303 1 52 theme nonuniform 120:129 arg1 degradation 131:141 A nonuniform degradation 118:141 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials 118:195 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. 25690303 9 53 theme bicarbonate 1216:1226 arg1 addition 1197:1204 the addition 1193:1204 the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method 1193:1248 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 8 54 theme hybrid 1083:1088 arg1 scaffolds 1090:1098 hybrid scaffolds 1083:1098 hybrid scaffolds 1083:1098 Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated with pore sizes in the range of 200-400 µm. 25690303 5 55 theme % 776:776 arg1 hybrid 787:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 10 56 theme superior 1423:1430 arg1 characteristics 1432:1446 superior characteristics 1423:1446 superior characteristics 1423:1446 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 9 57 theme hybrids 1340:1346 arg1 time 1332:1335 the gelation time 1319:1335 the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes 1319:1373 These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. 25690303 8 58 from sizes 1126:1130 arg1 range 1139:1143 the range 1135:1143 the range of 200-400 µm 1135:1157 Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated with pore sizes in the range of 200-400 µm. 25690303 1 59 theme physical 146:153 arg1 mixture 155:161 physical mixture 146:161 physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials 146:195 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. 25690303 5 60 theme chitosan 760:767 arg1 hybrid 787:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid 760:792 It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. 25690303 8 61 theme µm 1156:1157 arg1 range 1139:1143 the range 1135:1143 the range of 200-400 µm 1135:1157 Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated with pore sizes in the range of 200-400 µm. 25690303 10 62 theme tissue 1553:1558 arg1 applications 1572:1583 bone tissue engineering applications 1548:1583 bone tissue engineering applications 1548:1583 The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications. 25690303 1 63 theme mixture 155:161 arg1 degradation 131:141 A nonuniform degradation 118:141 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials 118:195 A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. 28659912 3 0 from domain 427:432 arg1 shrimp 459:464 shrimp 459:464 shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 459:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 8 1 theme epigenetic 1332:1341 arg1 modification 1343:1354 epigenetic modification 1332:1354 epigenetic modification 1332:1354 Our results present a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification. 28659912 0 2 theme Structural 90:99 arg1 Homology 101:108 Structural Homology 90:108 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 0:154 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 6 3 theme HMC-M 978:982 arg1 consequence 989:999 a consequence 987:999 a consequence of glycosylation 987:1016 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 6 3 theme HMC-M 978:982 arg1 potency 967:973 The high potency 958:973 The high potency of HMC-M 958:982 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 8 4 theme role 1257:1260 arg1 investigation 1236:1248 a comprehensive investigation 1220:1248 a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification 1220:1354 Our results present a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification. 28659912 6 5 theme relative 1064:1071 arg1 abundance 1039:1047 high abundance 1034:1047 high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 1034:1115 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 7 6 theme HMC-M 1193:1197 arg1 activity 1181:1188 the antimicrobial activity 1163:1188 the antimicrobial activity of HMC-M 1163:1197 Thus, the removal of these glycans abolished the antimicrobial activity of HMC-M. 28659912 6 7 contain contains 1025:1032 arg1 it 1022:1023 it 1022:1023 it 1022:1023 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 6 7 contain contains 1025:1032 arg2 abundance 1039:1047 high abundance 1034:1047 high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 1034:1115 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 1 8 theme immune-like 186:196 arg1 molecules 198:206 immune-like molecules 186:206 immune-like molecules with highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections 186:273 Invertebrates rely heavily on immune-like molecules with highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections. 28659912 7 9 theme antimicrobial 1167:1179 arg1 activity 1181:1188 the antimicrobial activity 1163:1188 the antimicrobial activity of HMC-M 1163:1197 Thus, the removal of these glycans abolished the antimicrobial activity of HMC-M. 28659912 0 10 with Homology 101:108 arg1 Immunoglobulins 115:129 Immunoglobulins 115:129 Immunoglobulins 115:129 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 0 10 with Homology 101:108 arg1 Diversity 145:153 Molecular Diversity 135:153 Molecular Diversity 135:153 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 4 11 theme red 696:698 arg1 cells 706:710 red blood cells 696:710 red blood cells 696:710 This domain is responsible for recognizing and binding to bacteria or red blood cells, initiating agglutination and hemolysis. 28659912 0 12 theme C-Terminal 0:9 arg1 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 0 12 theme C-Terminal 0:9 arg1 Domain 11:16 C-Terminal Domain 0:16 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 0:154 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 7 13 theme glycans 1145:1151 arg1 removal 1128:1134 the removal 1124:1134 the removal of these glycans 1124:1151 Thus, the removal of these glycans abolished the antimicrobial activity of HMC-M. 28659912 3 14 with domain 523:528 arg1 sequence 559:566 highly variable genetic sequence 535:566 highly variable genetic sequence 535:566 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 5 15 theme significant 922:932 arg1 activity 948:955 the most significant antimicrobial activity 913:955 the most significant antimicrobial activity 913:955 Furthermore, when HMC is separated into three fractions using anti-human IgM, IgG, or IgA, the subpopulation, which reacted with anti-human IgM (HMC-M), showed the most significant antimicrobial activity. 28659912 0 16 theme Hemocyanin 21:30 arg1 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 0 16 theme Hemocyanin 21:30 arg1 Domain 11:16 C-Terminal Domain 0:16 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 0:154 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 6 17 theme high 962:965 arg1 consequence 989:999 a consequence 987:999 a consequence of glycosylation 987:1016 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 6 17 theme high 962:965 arg1 potency 967:973 The high potency 958:973 The high potency of HMC-M 958:982 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 5 18 theme anti-human 815:824 arg1 IgM 826:828 anti-human IgM 815:828 anti-human IgM 815:828 Furthermore, when HMC is separated into three fractions using anti-human IgM, IgG, or IgA, the subpopulation, which reacted with anti-human IgM (HMC-M), showed the most significant antimicrobial activity. 28659912 6 19 theme high 1034:1037 arg1 abundance 1039:1047 high abundance 1034:1047 high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 1034:1115 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 0 20 from vannamei 80:87 arg1 Protein 55:61 a Major Antimicrobial Protein 33:61 a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei 33:87 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 0 20 from vannamei 80:87 arg1 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 1 21 theme diversified 220:230 arg1 variability 232:242 highly diversified variability 213:242 highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections 213:273 Invertebrates rely heavily on immune-like molecules with highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections. 28659912 3 22 theme hemocyanin 437:446 arg1 domain 427:432 the C-terminal domain 412:432 the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 412:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 22 theme hemocyanin 437:446 arg1 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 437:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 0 23 theme Molecular 135:143 arg1 Diversity 145:153 Molecular Diversity 135:153 Molecular Diversity 135:153 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 3 24 contain contained 487:495 arg1 domain 427:432 the C-terminal domain 412:432 the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 412:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 24 contain contained 487:495 arg2 domain 523:528 an evolutionary conserved domain 497:528 an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig) 497:623 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 24 contain contained 487:495 arg1 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 437:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 25 from shrimp 459:464 arg1 domain 427:432 the C-terminal domain 412:432 the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 412:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 25 from shrimp 459:464 arg1 HMC 449:451 HMC 449:451 HMC 449:451 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 25 from shrimp 459:464 arg1 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 437:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 26 theme Litopenaeus 466:476 arg1 shrimp 459:464 shrimp 459:464 shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 459:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 27 theme C-terminal 416:425 arg1 domain 427:432 the C-terminal domain 412:432 the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 412:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 27 theme C-terminal 416:425 arg1 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin 437:446 hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 437:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 5 28 theme anti-human 882:891 arg1 HMC-M 898:902 HMC-M 898:902 HMC-M 898:902 Furthermore, when HMC is separated into three fractions using anti-human IgM, IgG, or IgA, the subpopulation, which reacted with anti-human IgM (HMC-M), showed the most significant antimicrobial activity. 28659912 5 28 theme anti-human 882:891 arg1 IgM 893:895 IgM 893:895 anti-human IgM (HMC-M) 882:903 Furthermore, when HMC is separated into three fractions using anti-human IgM, IgG, or IgA, the subpopulation, which reacted with anti-human IgM (HMC-M), showed the most significant antimicrobial activity. 28659912 1 29 with molecules 198:206 arg1 variability 232:242 highly diversified variability 213:242 highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections 213:273 Invertebrates rely heavily on immune-like molecules with highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections. 28659912 3 30 theme conserved 513:521 arg1 domain 523:528 an evolutionary conserved domain 497:528 an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig) 497:623 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 0 31 theme Major 35:39 arg1 Protein 55:61 a Major Antimicrobial Protein 33:61 a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei 33:87 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 0 31 theme Major 35:39 arg1 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 4 32 theme blood 700:704 arg1 cells 706:710 red blood cells 696:710 red blood cells 696:710 This domain is responsible for recognizing and binding to bacteria or red blood cells, initiating agglutination and hemolysis. 28659912 8 33 theme genetic 1308:1314 arg1 variability 1316:1326 genetic variability 1308:1326 genetic variability 1308:1326 Our results present a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification. 28659912 5 34 theme antimicrobial 934:946 arg1 activity 948:955 the most significant antimicrobial activity 913:955 the most significant antimicrobial activity 913:955 Furthermore, when HMC is separated into three fractions using anti-human IgM, IgG, or IgA, the subpopulation, which reacted with anti-human IgM (HMC-M), showed the most significant antimicrobial activity. 28659912 3 35 dep Litopenaeus 466:476 arg1 vannamei 478:485 vannamei 478:485 vannamei 478:485 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 3 36 theme evolutionary 500:511 arg1 domain 523:528 an evolutionary conserved domain 497:528 an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig) 497:623 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 8 37 theme comprehensive 1222:1234 arg1 investigation 1236:1248 a comprehensive investigation 1220:1248 a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification 1220:1354 Our results present a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification. 28659912 6 38 theme glycosylation 1004:1016 arg1 consequence 989:999 a consequence 987:999 a consequence of glycosylation 987:1016 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 6 38 theme glycosylation 1004:1016 arg1 potency 967:973 The high potency 958:973 The high potency of HMC-M 958:982 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 0 39 dep Domain 11:16 arg1 Homology 101:108 Structural Homology 90:108 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 0:154 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 8 40 theme HMC 1265:1267 arg1 role 1257:1260 the role 1253:1260 the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification 1253:1354 Our results present a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification. 28659912 3 41 theme variable 542:549 arg1 sequence 559:566 highly variable genetic sequence 535:566 highly variable genetic sequence 535:566 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 28659912 6 42 theme α-d-mannose 1052:1062 arg1 abundance 1039:1047 high abundance 1034:1047 high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 1034:1115 The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 28659912 0 43 theme Antimicrobial 41:53 arg1 Protein 55:61 a Major Antimicrobial Protein 33:61 a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei 33:87 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 0 43 theme Antimicrobial 41:53 arg1 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 Hemocyanin 21:30 C-Terminal Domain of Hemocyanin, a Major Antimicrobial Protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Structural Homology with Immunoglobulins and Molecular Diversity. 28659912 3 44 theme genetic 551:557 arg1 sequence 559:566 highly variable genetic sequence 535:566 highly variable genetic sequence 535:566 Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). 26428168 3 0 theme Other 652:656 arg1 characterizations 674:690 Other physicochemical characterizations 652:690 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken 652:701 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken were carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis, and ash content. 26428168 1 1 theme physicochemical 140:154 arg1 properties 156:165 the physicochemical properties 136:165 the physicochemical properties 136:165 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 4 2 from water 877:881 arg1 sorption 835:842 the sorption 831:842 the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water 831:881 The precursors and composite materials were then applied to the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water. 26428168 0 3 theme adsorption 93:102 arg1 studies 104:110 ion adsorption studies 89:110 ion adsorption studies 89:110 Facile approach to synthesize chitosan based composite--Characterization and cadmium(II) ion adsorption studies. 26428168 6 4 theme pseudo 1037:1042 arg1 model 1065:1069 the pseudo second-order kinetic model 1033:1069 the pseudo second-order kinetic model 1033:1069 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 0 5 theme ion 89:91 arg1 studies 104:110 ion adsorption studies 89:110 ion adsorption studies 89:110 Facile approach to synthesize chitosan based composite--Characterization and cadmium(II) ion adsorption studies. 26428168 6 6 theme isotherm 1146:1153 arg1 model 1155:1159 the Langmuir isotherm model 1133:1159 the Langmuir isotherm model 1133:1159 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 5 7 theme Maximum 884:890 arg1 2+ 895:896 2+ 895:896 2+ 895:896 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 5 7 theme Maximum 884:890 arg1 Cd 892:893 Maximum Cd 884:893 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) 884:924 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 4 8 theme composite 790:798 arg1 materials 800:808 composite materials 790:808 composite materials 790:808 The precursors and composite materials were then applied to the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water. 26428168 2 9 theme materials 411:419 arg1 morphology 362:371 morphology 362:371 morphology 362:371 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 9 theme materials 411:419 arg1 characterizations 384:400 elemental characterizations 374:400 elemental characterizations 374:400 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 9 theme materials 411:419 arg1 nature 354:359 The nature 350:359 The nature 350:359 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 5 10 theme Cd 892:893 arg1 Qmax 920:923 Qmax 920:923 Qmax 920:923 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 5 10 theme Cd 892:893 arg1 capacity 910:917 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity 884:917 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) 884:924 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 4 11 theme aqueous 869:875 arg1 water 877:881 aqueous water 869:881 aqueous water 869:881 The precursors and composite materials were then applied to the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water. 26428168 3 12 theme physicochemical 658:672 arg1 characterizations 674:690 Other physicochemical characterizations 652:690 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken 652:701 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken were carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis, and ash content. 26428168 3 13 theme ash 758:760 arg1 content 762:768 ash content 758:768 ash content 758:768 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken were carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis, and ash content. 26428168 2 14 theme elemental 374:382 arg1 characterizations 384:400 elemental characterizations 374:400 elemental characterizations 374:400 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 14 theme elemental 374:382 arg1 nature 354:359 The nature 350:359 The nature 350:359 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 15 theme UV-vis 571:576 arg1 spectroscopy 578:589 UV-vis spectroscopy 571:589 UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) 571:598 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 15 theme UV-vis 571:576 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 16 theme infrared 623:630 arg1 spectroscopy 632:643 infrared spectroscopy 623:643 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR 623:649 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 0 17 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 approach 7:14 Facile approach 0:14 Facile approach to synthesize chitosan 0:37 Facile approach to synthesize chitosan based composite--Characterization and cadmium(II) ion adsorption studies. 26428168 3 18 theme nitrogen 716:723 arg1 analysis 744:751 nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis 716:751 nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis 716:751 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken were carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis, and ash content. 26428168 6 19 theme Langmuir 1137:1144 arg1 model 1155:1159 the Langmuir isotherm model 1133:1159 the Langmuir isotherm model 1133:1159 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 5 20 theme adsorption 899:908 arg1 Qmax 920:923 Qmax 920:923 Qmax 920:923 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 5 20 theme adsorption 899:908 arg1 capacity 910:917 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity 884:917 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) 884:924 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 2 21 dep spectroscopy 578:589 arg1 UV-vis 592:597 UV-vis 592:597 UV-vis 592:597 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 6 22 theme second-order 1044:1055 arg1 model 1065:1069 the pseudo second-order kinetic model 1033:1069 the pseudo second-order kinetic model 1033:1069 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 1 23 theme prepared 193:200 arg1 materials 212:220 prepared composite materials 193:220 prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials 193:329 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 2 24 theme X-ray 520:524 arg1 diffraction 526:536 X-ray diffraction 520:536 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 520:542 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 24 theme X-ray 520:524 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 24 theme X-ray 520:524 arg1 XRD 539:541 XRD 539:541 XRD 539:541 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 1 25 theme composite 202:210 arg1 materials 212:220 prepared composite materials 193:220 prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials 193:329 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 2 26 theme analytical 457:466 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 26 theme analytical 457:466 arg1 methods 468:474 modern analytical methods 450:474 modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) 450:598 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 6 27 theme kinetic 1057:1063 arg1 model 1065:1069 the pseudo second-order kinetic model 1033:1069 the pseudo second-order kinetic model 1033:1069 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 0 28 dep composite--Characterization 45:71 arg1 studies 104:110 ion adsorption studies 89:110 ion adsorption studies 89:110 Facile approach to synthesize chitosan based composite--Characterization and cadmium(II) ion adsorption studies. 26428168 1 29 theme materials 212:220 arg1 morphology 179:188 morphology 179:188 morphology 179:188 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 1 29 theme materials 212:220 arg1 nature 168:173 nature 168:173 nature 168:173 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 1 29 theme materials 212:220 arg1 properties 156:165 the physicochemical properties 136:165 the physicochemical properties 136:165 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 2 30 theme modern 450:455 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 30 theme modern 450:455 arg1 methods 468:474 modern analytical methods 450:474 modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) 450:598 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 5 31 from pH 959:960 arg1 mg/g 951:954 87.72 mg/g 945:954 87.72 mg/g at pH 8 945:962 Maximum Cd(2+) adsorption capacity (Qmax) was recorded to be 87.72 mg/g at pH 8. 26428168 2 32 theme X-ray 545:549 arg1 XRF 565:567 XRF 565:567 XRF 565:567 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 32 theme X-ray 545:549 arg1 fluorescence 551:562 X-ray fluorescence 545:562 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) 545:568 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 32 theme X-ray 545:549 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 4 33 dep cadmium 847:853 arg1 2+ 859:860 2+ 859:860 2+ 859:860 The precursors and composite materials were then applied to the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water. 26428168 4 33 dep cadmium 847:853 arg1 Cd 856:857 Cd 856:857 Cd(2+) 856:861 The precursors and composite materials were then applied to the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water. 26428168 6 34 theme materials 1006:1014 arg1 kinetics 980:987 The adsorption kinetics 965:987 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials 965:1014 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 3 35 theme hydrogen 729:736 arg1 analysis 744:751 nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis 716:751 nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis 716:751 Other physicochemical characterizations undertaken were carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (CNH) analysis, and ash content. 26428168 6 36 theme composite 996:1004 arg1 materials 1006:1014 the composite materials 992:1014 the composite materials 992:1014 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 1 37 theme components 300:309 arg1 materials 321:329 two components composite materials 296:329 two components composite materials 296:329 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 6 38 theme isotherm 1092:1099 arg1 data 1101:1104 the adsorption isotherm data 1077:1104 the adsorption isotherm data 1077:1104 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 1 39 theme present 121:127 arg1 study 129:133 this present study 116:133 this present study 116:133 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 4 40 theme cadmium 847:853 arg1 sorption 835:842 the sorption 831:842 the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water 831:881 The precursors and composite materials were then applied to the sorption of cadmium (Cd(2+)) from aqueous water. 26428168 6 41 theme adsorption 1081:1090 arg1 data 1101:1104 the adsorption isotherm data 1077:1104 the adsorption isotherm data 1077:1104 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 2 42 dep spectroscopy 632:643 arg1 FTIR 646:649 FTIR 646:649 FTIR 646:649 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 1 43 theme Activated 232:240 arg1 A-FA 257:260 A-FA 257:260 A-FA 257:260 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 1 43 theme Activated 232:240 arg1 ash 252:254 Activated Eskom fly ash 232:254 Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) 232:261 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 2 44 theme electron 493:500 arg1 diffraction 526:536 X-ray diffraction 520:536 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 520:542 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 44 theme electron 493:500 arg1 spectroscopy 578:589 UV-vis spectroscopy 571:589 UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) 571:598 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 44 theme electron 493:500 arg1 fluorescence 551:562 X-ray fluorescence 545:562 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) 545:568 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 44 theme electron 493:500 arg1 SEM 514:516 SEM 514:516 SEM 514:516 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 44 theme electron 493:500 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 0 45 dep approach 7:14 arg1 synthesize 19:28 synthesize 19:28 to synthesize chitosan 16:37 Facile approach to synthesize chitosan based composite--Characterization and cadmium(II) ion adsorption studies. 26428168 1 46 theme Eskom 242:246 arg1 A-FA 257:260 A-FA 257:260 A-FA 257:260 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 1 46 theme Eskom 242:246 arg1 ash 252:254 Activated Eskom fly ash 232:254 Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) 232:261 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 2 47 theme scanning 484:491 arg1 diffraction 526:536 X-ray diffraction 520:536 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 520:542 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 47 theme scanning 484:491 arg1 spectroscopy 578:589 UV-vis spectroscopy 571:589 UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) 571:598 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 47 theme scanning 484:491 arg1 fluorescence 551:562 X-ray fluorescence 545:562 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) 545:568 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 47 theme scanning 484:491 arg1 SEM 514:516 SEM 514:516 SEM 514:516 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 2 47 theme scanning 484:491 arg1 microscopy 502:511 scanning electron microscopy 484:511 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 484:517 The nature, morphology, elemental characterizations of these materials were carried out by means of modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. 26428168 1 48 theme composite 311:319 arg1 materials 321:329 two components composite materials 296:329 two components composite materials 296:329 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 6 49 theme adsorption 969:978 arg1 kinetics 980:987 The adsorption kinetics 965:987 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials 965:1014 The adsorption kinetics of the composite materials fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. 26428168 1 50 theme fly 248:250 arg1 A-FA 257:260 A-FA 257:260 A-FA 257:260 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 26428168 1 50 theme fly 248:250 arg1 ash 252:254 Activated Eskom fly ash 232:254 Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) 232:261 In this present study, the physicochemical properties, nature and morphology of prepared composite materials involving Activated Eskom fly ash (A-FA) and biopolymer-chitosan (Ch) for two components composite materials were investigated. 24742328 7 0 theme three-dimensional 926:942 arg1 structure 944:952 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure 896:952 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein 896:975 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 8 1 theme C-terminal 1267:1276 arg1 domains 1278:1284 C-terminal domains 1267:1284 C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases 1267:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 1 theme C-terminal 1267:1276 arg1 hydrolases 1304:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 10 2 theme polysaccharide 1694:1707 arg1 metabolism 1709:1718 polysaccharide metabolism 1694:1718 polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp 1694:1737 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 6 3 theme half 835:838 arg1 homologs 845:852 90 half size homologs 832:852 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain 832:893 A PSI-BLAST search found over 150 full length and over 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain. 24742328 8 4 theme glycosyl 1295:1302 arg1 hydrolases 1304:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 5 theme N-terminal 1093:1102 arg1 domain 1135:1140 a putative catalytic domain 1114:1140 a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases 1114:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 5 theme N-terminal 1093:1102 arg1 domain 1104:1109 The N-terminal domain 1089:1109 The N-terminal domain 1089:1109 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 6 theme substrate 1364:1372 arg1 binding 1374:1380 substrate binding 1364:1380 substrate binding 1364:1380 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 11 7 theme C-terminal 1935:1944 arg1 domain 1946:1951 glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain 1904:1951 glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain 1904:1951 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 8 8 with domain 1135:1140 arg1 similarity 1159:1168 significant similarity 1147:1168 significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases 1147:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 5 9 contain has 719:721 arg2 one 736:738 one 736:738 one 736:738 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 5 9 contain has 719:721 arg2 one 754:756 one 754:756 one 754:756 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 5 9 contain has 719:721 arg1 protein 711:717 this protein 706:717 this protein 706:717 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 5 9 contain has 719:721 arg2 domains 727:733 two domains 723:733 two domains 723:733 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 3 10 theme Bacteroides 324:334 arg1 genome 353:358 the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 309:358 the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 309:358 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 11 11 theme putative 1871:1878 arg1 hydrolase 1890:1898 putative glycoside hydrolase 1871:1898 putative glycoside hydrolase 1871:1898 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 2 12 theme diverse 264:270 arg1 polysaccharides 272:286 diverse polysaccharides 264:286 diverse polysaccharides 264:286 form a significant part of our gut microbiome and are well known for optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides. 24742328 7 13 theme specific 1069:1076 arg1 functions 1078:1086 their specific functions 1063:1086 their specific functions 1063:1086 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 1 14 theme Bacteroides 154:164 arg1 spp 166:168 BACKGROUND Bacteroides spp 143:168 BACKGROUND Bacteroides spp. 143:169 BACKGROUND Bacteroides spp. 24742328 3 15 theme genome 353:358 arg1 analysis 297:304 Initial analysis 289:304 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 289:358 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 4 16 theme function 568:575 arg1 protein 549:555 a protein 547:555 a protein of unknown function 547:575 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 10 17 theme protein 1584:1590 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1524:1534 CONCLUSIONS 1524:1534 CONCLUSIONS Structural 1524:1545 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 10 17 theme protein 1584:1590 arg1 analyses 1560:1567 sequence analyses 1551:1567 sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein 1551:1590 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 11 18 theme glycoside 1904:1912 arg1 domain 1946:1951 glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain 1904:1951 glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain 1904:1951 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 0 19 theme gut 90:92 arg1 bacteria 94:101 human gut bacteria 84:101 human gut bacteria 84:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 5 20 theme sequence 673:680 arg1 analysis 682:689 Initial sequence analysis 665:689 Initial sequence analysis 665:689 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 8 21 theme putative 1116:1123 arg1 domain 1135:1140 a putative catalytic domain 1114:1140 a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases 1114:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 21 theme putative 1116:1123 arg1 domain 1104:1109 The N-terminal domain 1089:1109 The N-terminal domain 1089:1109 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 0 22 theme novel 116:120 arg1 hydrolase 132:140 a novel glycoside hydrolase 114:140 a novel glycoside hydrolase 114:140 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 3 23 theme uncharacterized 417:431 arg1 proteins 433:440 uncharacterized proteins 417:440 uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism 417:482 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 0 24 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 20:27 Structural genomics analysis 0:27 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria 0:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 8 25 theme significant 1147:1157 arg1 similarity 1159:1168 significant similarity 1147:1168 significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases 1147:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 7 26 theme two-domain 990:999 arg1 architecture 1001:1012 its two-domain architecture 986:1012 its two-domain architecture 986:1012 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 4 27 theme family 609:614 arg1 BT_1012 493:499 BT_1012 493:499 BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function 493:575 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 4 27 theme family 609:614 arg1 RESULTS 485:491 RESULTS 485:491 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 485:663 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 4 27 theme family 609:614 arg1 member 583:588 a member 581:588 a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins 581:662 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 3 28 theme polysaccharide 458:471 arg1 metabolism 473:482 polysaccharide metabolism 458:482 polysaccharide metabolism 458:482 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 0 29 theme uncharacterized 32:46 arg1 families 56:63 uncharacterized protein families 32:63 uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria 32:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 5 30 from one 736:738 arg1 N- 747:748 the N- 743:748 the N- 743:748 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 8 31 theme glycoside 1179:1187 arg1 hydrolases 1189:1198 known glycoside hydrolases 1173:1198 known glycoside hydrolases 1173:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 2 32 theme significant 178:188 arg1 part 190:193 a significant part 176:193 a significant part of our gut microbiome 176:215 form a significant part of our gut microbiome and are well known for optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides. 24742328 6 33 theme full 811:814 arg1 length 816:821 150 full length 807:821 150 full length 807:821 A PSI-BLAST search found over 150 full length and over 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain. 24742328 0 34 theme families 56:63 arg1 analysis 20:27 Structural genomics analysis 0:27 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria 0:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 10 35 from metabolism 1709:1718 arg1 spp 1735:1737 Bacteroides spp 1723:1737 Bacteroides spp 1723:1737 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 4 36 theme large 595:599 arg1 family 609:614 a large protein family 593:614 a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins 593:662 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 9 37 theme functional 1499:1508 arg1 implications 1510:1521 their possible functional implications 1484:1521 their possible functional implications 1484:1521 We describe the structure of the BT_1012 protein and discuss its sequence-structure relationship and their possible functional implications. 24742328 8 38 theme C-terminal 1205:1214 arg1 domain 1216:1221 the C-terminal domain 1201:1221 the C-terminal domain 1201:1221 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 2 39 theme gut 202:204 arg1 microbiome 206:215 our gut microbiome 198:215 our gut microbiome 198:215 form a significant part of our gut microbiome and are well known for optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides. 24742328 7 40 theme protein 969:975 arg1 structure 944:952 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure 896:952 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein 896:975 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 4 41 dep RESULTS 485:491 arg1 BT_1012 493:499 BT_1012 493:499 BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function 493:575 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 4 41 dep RESULTS 485:491 arg1 RESULTS 485:491 RESULTS 485:491 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 485:663 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 4 41 dep RESULTS 485:491 arg1 member 583:588 a member 581:588 a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins 581:662 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 10 42 theme enzymes 1674:1680 arg1 catalog 1663:1669 an already impressive catalog 1641:1669 an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp 1641:1737 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 8 43 theme beta-sandwich 1229:1241 arg1 fold 1243:1246 a beta-sandwich fold 1227:1246 a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases 1227:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 4 44 theme uncharacterized 639:653 arg1 proteins 655:662 uncharacterized proteins 639:662 uncharacterized proteins 639:662 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 10 45 theme Bacteroides 1723:1733 arg1 spp 1735:1737 Bacteroides spp 1723:1737 Bacteroides spp 1723:1737 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 11 46 theme Pfam 1774:1777 arg1 families 1779:1786 the Pfam families 1770:1786 the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904 1770:1865 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 4 47 dep thetaiotaomicron 518:533 arg1 protein 549:555 a protein 547:555 a protein of unknown function 547:575 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 6 48 theme size 840:843 arg1 homologs 845:852 90 half size homologs 832:852 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain 832:893 A PSI-BLAST search found over 150 full length and over 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain. 24742328 7 49 theme determined 915:924 arg1 structure 944:952 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure 896:952 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein 896:975 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 10 50 theme sequence 1551:1558 arg1 analyses 1560:1567 sequence analyses 1551:1567 sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein 1551:1590 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 10 51 theme Structural 1536:1545 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1524:1534 CONCLUSIONS 1524:1534 CONCLUSIONS Structural 1524:1545 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 8 52 contain has 1223:1225 arg2 fold 1243:1246 a beta-sandwich fold 1227:1246 a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases 1227:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 52 contain has 1223:1225 arg1 domain 1216:1221 the C-terminal domain 1201:1221 the C-terminal domain 1201:1221 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 53 theme other 1289:1293 arg1 hydrolases 1304:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 4 54 from thetaiotaomicron 518:533 arg1 BT_1012 493:499 BT_1012 493:499 BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function 493:575 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 4 54 from thetaiotaomicron 518:533 arg1 RESULTS 485:491 RESULTS 485:491 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 485:663 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 4 54 from thetaiotaomicron 518:533 arg1 member 583:588 a member 581:588 a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins 581:662 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 2 55 theme optimized 240:248 arg1 metabolism 250:259 optimized metabolism 240:259 optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides 240:286 form a significant part of our gut microbiome and are well known for optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides. 24742328 8 56 theme hydrolases 1304:1313 arg1 domains 1278:1284 C-terminal domains 1267:1284 C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases 1267:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 56 theme hydrolases 1304:1313 arg1 hydrolases 1304:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 3 57 theme Initial 289:295 arg1 analysis 297:304 Initial analysis 289:304 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 289:358 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 3 58 theme thetaiotaomicron 336:351 arg1 genome 353:358 the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 309:358 the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 309:358 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 11 59 located found 1817:1821 arg2 domains 1809:1815 the two domains 1801:1815 the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein 1801:1844 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 11 59 located found 1817:1821 arg2 PF12904 1859:1865 PF12904 1859:1865 PF12904 1859:1865 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 11 59 located found 1817:1821 arg2 PF13204 1847:1853 PF13204 1847:1853 PF13204 1847:1853 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 11 59 located found 1817:1821 arg1 protein 1838:1844 the BT_1012 protein 1826:1844 the BT_1012 protein 1826:1844 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 2 60 theme polysaccharides 272:286 arg1 metabolism 250:259 optimized metabolism 240:259 optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides 240:286 form a significant part of our gut microbiome and are well known for optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides. 24742328 1 61 theme BACKGROUND 143:152 arg1 spp 166:168 BACKGROUND Bacteroides spp 143:168 BACKGROUND Bacteroides spp. 143:169 BACKGROUND Bacteroides spp. 24742328 3 62 theme archetypal 313:322 arg1 genome 353:358 the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 309:358 the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome 309:358 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 11 63 theme glycoside 1880:1888 arg1 hydrolase 1890:1898 putative glycoside hydrolase 1871:1898 putative glycoside hydrolase 1871:1898 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 0 64 theme human 84:88 arg1 bacteria 94:101 human gut bacteria 84:101 human gut bacteria 84:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 3 65 theme glycosyl 375:382 arg1 hydrolases 384:393 172 glycosyl hydrolases 371:393 172 glycosyl hydrolases 371:393 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 10 66 theme BT_1012 1576:1582 arg1 protein 1584:1590 the BT_1012 protein 1572:1590 the BT_1012 protein 1572:1590 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 11 67 theme hydrolase-associated 1914:1933 arg1 domain 1946:1951 glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain 1904:1951 glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain 1904:1951 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 8 68 theme catalytic 1125:1133 arg1 domain 1135:1140 a putative catalytic domain 1114:1140 a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases 1114:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 68 theme catalytic 1125:1133 arg1 domain 1104:1109 The N-terminal domain 1089:1109 The N-terminal domain 1089:1109 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 7 69 theme domains 1046:1052 arg1 analysis 1029:1036 structural analysis 1018:1036 structural analysis of both domains 1018:1052 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 3 70 theme large 401:405 arg1 number 407:412 a large number 399:412 a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism 399:482 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 0 71 theme glycoside 122:130 arg1 hydrolase 132:140 a novel glycoside hydrolase 114:140 a novel glycoside hydrolase 114:140 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 4 72 theme unknown 560:566 arg1 function 568:575 unknown function 560:575 unknown function 560:575 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 0 73 theme genomics 11:18 arg1 analysis 20:27 Structural genomics analysis 0:27 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria 0:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 9 74 theme protein 1424:1430 arg1 structure 1399:1407 the structure 1395:1407 the structure of the BT_1012 protein 1395:1430 We describe the structure of the BT_1012 protein and discuss its sequence-structure relationship and their possible functional implications. 24742328 7 75 theme structural 1018:1027 arg1 analysis 1029:1036 structural analysis 1018:1036 structural analysis of both domains 1018:1052 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 3 76 theme proteins 433:440 arg1 number 407:412 a large number 399:412 a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism 399:482 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 3 76 theme proteins 433:440 arg1 hydrolases 384:393 172 glycosyl hydrolases 371:393 172 glycosyl hydrolases 371:393 Initial analysis of the archetypal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome identified 172 glycosyl hydrolases and a large number of uncharacterized proteins associated with polysaccharide metabolism. 24742328 8 77 located found 1258:1262 arg1 domains 1278:1284 C-terminal domains 1267:1284 C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases 1267:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 77 located found 1258:1262 arg2 fold 1243:1246 a beta-sandwich fold 1227:1246 a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases 1227:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 77 located found 1258:1262 arg1 hydrolases 1304:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 other glycosyl hydrolases 1289:1313 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 8 78 theme known 1173:1177 arg1 hydrolases 1189:1198 known glycoside hydrolases 1173:1198 known glycoside hydrolases 1173:1198 The N-terminal domain is a putative catalytic domain with significant similarity to known glycoside hydrolases, the C-terminal domain has a beta-sandwich fold typically found in C-terminal domains of other glycosyl hydrolases, however these domains are typically involved in substrate binding. 24742328 5 79 theme Initial 665:671 arg1 analysis 682:689 Initial sequence analysis 665:689 Initial sequence analysis 665:689 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 11 80 theme BT_1012 1830:1836 arg1 protein 1838:1844 the BT_1012 protein 1826:1844 the BT_1012 protein 1826:1844 Based on this we have renamed the Pfam families representing the two domains found in the BT_1012 protein, PF13204 and PF12904, as putative glycoside hydrolase and glycoside hydrolase-associated C-terminal domain respectively. 24742328 0 81 theme protein 48:54 arg1 families 56:63 uncharacterized protein families 32:63 uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria 32:101 Structural genomics analysis of uncharacterized protein families overrepresented in human gut bacteria identifies a novel glycoside hydrolase. 24742328 9 82 theme sequence-structure 1448:1465 arg1 relationship 1467:1478 its sequence-structure relationship 1444:1478 its sequence-structure relationship 1444:1478 We describe the structure of the BT_1012 protein and discuss its sequence-structure relationship and their possible functional implications. 24742328 10 83 theme glycosyl 1611:1618 arg1 it 1603:1604 it 1603:1604 it 1603:1604 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 10 83 theme glycosyl 1611:1618 arg1 hydrolase 1620:1628 a glycosyl hydrolase 1609:1628 a glycosyl hydrolase 1609:1628 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 4 84 theme protein 601:607 arg1 family 609:614 a large protein family 593:614 a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins 593:662 RESULTS BT_1012 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a protein of unknown function and a member of a large protein family consisting entirely of uncharacterized proteins. 24742328 10 85 theme impressive 1652:1661 arg1 catalog 1663:1669 an already impressive catalog 1641:1669 an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp 1641:1737 CONCLUSIONS Structural and sequence analyses of the BT_1012 protein identifies it as a glycosyl hydrolase, expanding an already impressive catalog of enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism in Bacteroides spp. 24742328 9 86 theme possible 1490:1497 arg1 implications 1510:1521 their possible functional implications 1484:1521 their possible functional implications 1484:1521 We describe the structure of the BT_1012 protein and discuss its sequence-structure relationship and their possible functional implications. 24742328 6 87 theme N-terminal 877:886 arg1 domain 888:893 the N-terminal domain 873:893 the N-terminal domain 873:893 A PSI-BLAST search found over 150 full length and over 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain. 24742328 2 88 theme microbiome 206:215 arg1 part 190:193 a significant part 176:193 a significant part of our gut microbiome 176:215 form a significant part of our gut microbiome and are well known for optimized metabolism of diverse polysaccharides. 24742328 7 89 theme BT_1012 961:967 arg1 protein 969:975 the BT_1012 protein 957:975 the BT_1012 protein 957:975 The experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the BT_1012 protein confirms its two-domain architecture and structural analysis of both domains suggests their specific functions. 24742328 5 90 from one 754:756 arg1 C-terminal 765:774 C-terminal 765:774 C-terminal 765:774 Initial sequence analysis predicted that this protein has two domains, one on the N- and one on the C-terminal. 24742328 6 91 theme PSI-BLAST 779:787 arg1 search 789:794 A PSI-BLAST search 777:794 A PSI-BLAST search 777:794 A PSI-BLAST search found over 150 full length and over 90 half size homologs consisting only of the N-terminal domain. 29519441 0 0 theme neural 106:111 arg1 engineering 120:130 neural tissue engineering 106:130 neural tissue engineering 106:130 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 4 1 from viability 664:672 arg1 hydrogels 780:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 5 2 theme prepared 831:838 arg1 results 818:824 results 818:824 results 818:824 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 2 theme prepared 831:838 arg1 hydrogels 870:878 the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels 827:878 the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels 827:878 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 6 3 contain had 1122:1124 arg1 hydrogels 1103:1111 PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels 1092:1111 PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels 1092:1111 Cell experiments confirmed that PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels not only had no cytotoxicity, but also supported cell adhesion, viability and proliferation. 29519441 6 3 contain had 1122:1124 arg2 cytotoxicity 1129:1140 no cytotoxicity 1126:1140 no cytotoxicity 1126:1140 Cell experiments confirmed that PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels not only had no cytotoxicity, but also supported cell adhesion, viability and proliferation. 29519441 2 4 theme base 409:412 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 4 theme base 409:412 arg1 network 429:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 6 5 theme Cell 1060:1063 arg1 experiments 1065:1075 Cell experiments 1060:1075 Cell experiments 1060:1075 Cell experiments confirmed that PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels not only had no cytotoxicity, but also supported cell adhesion, viability and proliferation. 29519441 5 6 theme electrical 1009:1018 arg1 conductivity 1020:1031 an electrical conductivity 1006:1031 an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 1006:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 7 theme 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 arg1 modulus 951:957 a compressive modulus 937:957 a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 937:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 2 8 theme biodegradable 395:407 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 8 theme biodegradable 395:407 arg1 network 429:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 7 9 theme component 1276:1284 arg1 incorporation 1242:1254 the incorporation 1238:1254 the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS 1238:1294 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 8 10 theme tissue 1514:1519 arg1 engineering 1521:1531 further neural tissue engineering 1499:1531 further neural tissue engineering application 1499:1543 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 8 11 theme neural 1507:1512 arg1 engineering 1521:1531 further neural tissue engineering 1499:1531 further neural tissue engineering application 1499:1543 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 5 12 theme conductivity 1020:1031 arg1 modulus 951:957 a compressive modulus 937:957 a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 937:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 2 13 theme carboxymethyl 359:371 arg1 chitosan 373:380 carboxymethyl chitosan 359:380 carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 359:387 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 13 theme carboxymethyl 359:371 arg1 CMCS 383:386 CMCS 383:386 CMCS 383:386 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 0 14 theme tissue 113:118 arg1 engineering 120:130 neural tissue engineering 106:130 neural tissue engineering 106:130 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 3 15 with hydrogels 580:588 arg1 contents 618:625 different contents 608:625 different contents of PEDOT polymer 608:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 4 16 theme conductive 769:778 arg1 hydrogels 780:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 4 17 from cells 736:740 arg1 hydrogels 780:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 3 18 theme physicochemical 519:533 arg1 properties 555:564 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties 515:564 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer 515:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 4 19 theme three-dimensional 751:767 arg1 hydrogels 780:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 8 20 theme composite 1450:1458 arg1 hydrogels 1460:1468 these composite hydrogels 1444:1468 these composite hydrogels 1444:1468 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 4 21 theme PC12 730:733 arg1 cells 736:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells 695:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 695:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 7 22 theme PEDOT 1270:1274 arg1 component 1276:1284 conductive PEDOT component 1259:1284 conductive PEDOT component 1259:1284 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 2 23 theme chemical 326:333 arg1 polymerization 335:348 in-situ chemical polymerization 318:348 in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 318:387 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 1 24 theme biomedical 229:238 arg1 applications 240:251 biomedical applications 229:251 biomedical applications 229:251 Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties have become crucial for biomedical applications. 29519441 3 25 theme hydrogels 580:588 arg1 properties 555:564 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties 515:564 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer 515:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 1 26 with hydrogels 151:159 arg1 properties 194:203 excellent electromechanical properties 166:203 excellent electromechanical properties 166:203 Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties have become crucial for biomedical applications. 29519441 7 27 theme mechanical 1342:1351 arg1 strength 1353:1360 enhanced mechanical strength 1333:1360 enhanced mechanical strength 1333:1360 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 5 28 theme % 1000:1000 arg1 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 28 theme % 1000:1000 arg1 porosity 978:985 a porosity 976:985 a porosity of 93.95±1.03% 976:1000 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 28 theme % 1000:1000 arg1 conductivity 1020:1031 an electrical conductivity 1006:1031 an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 1006:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 4 29 theme cells 736:740 arg1 viability 664:672 Cell viability 659:672 Cell viability 659:672 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 4 29 theme cells 736:740 arg1 proliferation 678:690 proliferation 678:690 proliferation 678:690 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 0 30 theme Biodegradable 0:12 arg1 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 41:66 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 41:66 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 41:66 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 0 30 theme Biodegradable 0:12 arg1 poly 36:39 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly 0:39 poly 36:39 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 3 31 theme PEDOT 630:634 arg1 polymer 636:642 PEDOT polymer 630:642 PEDOT polymer 630:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 5 32 theme compressive 939:949 arg1 modulus 951:957 a compressive modulus 937:957 a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 937:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 0 33 theme poly 36:39 arg1 chitosan 83:90 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan 0:90 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan 0:90 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 8 34 theme further 1499:1505 arg1 engineering 1521:1531 further neural tissue engineering 1499:1531 further neural tissue engineering application 1499:1543 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 3 35 theme different 608:616 arg1 contents 618:625 different contents 608:625 different contents of PEDOT polymer 608:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 4 36 theme neuron-like 695:705 arg1 cells 736:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells 695:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 695:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 0 37 theme electroconductive 18:34 arg1 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 41:66 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 41:66 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 41:66 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 0 37 theme electroconductive 18:34 arg1 poly 36:39 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly 0:39 poly 36:39 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 7 38 dep strength 1353:1360 arg1 biocompatibility 1389:1404 the biocompatibility 1385:1404 the biocompatibility 1385:1404 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 7 39 dep hydrogels 1296:1304 arg1 endowed 1306:1312 endowed 1306:1312 endowed 1306:1312 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 1 40 theme Electroconductive 133:149 arg1 hydrogels 151:159 Electroconductive hydrogels 133:159 Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties 133:203 Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties have become crucial for biomedical applications. 29519441 7 41 theme enhanced 1333:1340 arg1 strength 1353:1360 enhanced mechanical strength 1333:1360 enhanced mechanical strength 1333:1360 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 5 42 theme network 862:868 arg1 results 818:824 results 818:824 results 818:824 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 42 theme network 862:868 arg1 hydrogels 870:878 the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels 827:878 the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels 827:878 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 43 theme porosity 978:985 arg1 modulus 951:957 a compressive modulus 937:957 a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 937:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 2 44 theme conductive 284:293 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 44 theme conductive 284:293 arg1 layer 508:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 44 theme conductive 284:293 arg1 network 429:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 4 45 theme phaeochromocytoma 711:727 arg1 cells 736:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells 695:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 695:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 5 46 theme water 926:930 arg1 % 921:921 up to 1825±135wt% 905:921 up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 905:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 46 theme water 926:930 arg1 water 926:930 water 926:930 water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 926:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 47 theme semi-interpenetrating 840:860 arg1 results 818:824 results 818:824 results 818:824 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 47 theme semi-interpenetrating 840:860 arg1 hydrogels 870:878 the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels 827:878 the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels 827:878 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 8 48 theme regeneration 1560:1571 arg1 materials 1582:1590 nerve regeneration scaffold materials 1554:1590 nerve regeneration scaffold materials 1554:1590 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 4 49 theme rat 707:709 arg1 cells 736:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells 695:740 neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 695:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 0 50 theme /carboxymethyl 68:81 arg1 chitosan 83:90 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan 0:90 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan 0:90 Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. 29519441 8 51 theme nerve 1554:1558 arg1 materials 1582:1590 nerve regeneration scaffold materials 1554:1590 nerve regeneration scaffold materials 1554:1590 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 3 52 theme polymer 636:642 arg1 contents 618:625 different contents 608:625 different contents of PEDOT polymer 608:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 8 53 theme hydrogels 1460:1468 arg1 performances 1428:1439 the attractive performances 1413:1439 the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels 1413:1468 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 2 54 theme conductive 489:498 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 54 theme conductive 489:498 arg1 layer 508:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 8 55 theme scaffold 1573:1580 arg1 materials 1582:1590 nerve regeneration scaffold materials 1554:1590 nerve regeneration scaffold materials 1554:1590 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 3 56 theme electrochemical 539:553 arg1 properties 555:564 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties 515:564 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer 515:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 5 57 dep 1825±135wt 911:920 arg1 to 908:909 to 908:909 to 908:909 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 58 with water 926:930 arg1 modulus 951:957 a compressive modulus 937:957 a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 937:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 8 59 theme engineering 1521:1531 arg1 application 1533:1543 further neural tissue engineering application 1499:1543 further neural tissue engineering application 1499:1543 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 2 60 theme in-situ 318:324 arg1 polymerization 335:348 in-situ chemical polymerization 318:348 in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 318:387 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 1 61 theme excellent 166:174 arg1 properties 194:203 excellent electromechanical properties 166:203 excellent electromechanical properties 166:203 Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties have become crucial for biomedical applications. 29519441 6 62 theme PEDOT/CMCS 1092:1101 arg1 hydrogels 1103:1111 PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels 1092:1111 PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels 1092:1111 Cell experiments confirmed that PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels not only had no cytotoxicity, but also supported cell adhesion, viability and proliferation. 29519441 5 63 theme ×10-3S·cm-1 1047:1057 arg1 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 9.59±0.49kPa 962:973 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 63 theme ×10-3S·cm-1 1047:1057 arg1 porosity 978:985 a porosity 976:985 a porosity of 93.95±1.03% 976:1000 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 5 63 theme ×10-3S·cm-1 1047:1057 arg1 conductivity 1020:1031 an electrical conductivity 1006:1031 an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1 1006:1057 As results, the prepared semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels were shown to consist of up to 1825±135wt% of water with a compressive modulus of 9.59±0.49kPa, a porosity of 93.95±1.03% and an electrical conductivity of (4.68±0.28)×10-3S·cm-1. 29519441 1 64 theme electromechanical 176:192 arg1 properties 194:203 excellent electromechanical properties 166:203 excellent electromechanical properties 166:203 Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties have become crucial for biomedical applications. 29519441 8 65 theme attractive 1417:1426 arg1 performances 1428:1439 the attractive performances 1413:1439 the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels 1413:1468 Thus, the attractive performances of these composite hydrogels would make them suitable for further neural tissue engineering application, such as nerve regeneration scaffold materials. 29519441 4 66 theme Cell 659:662 arg1 viability 664:672 Cell viability 659:672 Cell viability 659:672 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 4 67 from proliferation 678:690 arg1 hydrogels 780:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels 745:788 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 6 68 theme cell 1162:1165 arg1 adhesion 1167:1174 cell adhesion 1162:1174 cell adhesion 1162:1174 Cell experiments confirmed that PEDOT/CMCS hydrogels not only had no cytotoxicity, but also supported cell adhesion, viability and proliferation. 29519441 7 69 with endowed 1306:1312 arg1 kept 1380:1383 kept 1380:1383 kept 1380:1383 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 7 69 with endowed 1306:1312 arg1 conductivity 1363:1374 conductivity 1363:1374 conductivity 1363:1374 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 7 69 with endowed 1306:1312 arg1 strength 1353:1360 enhanced mechanical strength 1333:1360 enhanced mechanical strength 1333:1360 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 3 70 theme conductive 569:578 arg1 PEDOT/CMCS 591:600 PEDOT/CMCS 591:600 PEDOT/CMCS 591:600 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 3 70 theme conductive 569:578 arg1 hydrogels 580:588 conductive hydrogels 569:588 conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer 569:642 The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of conductive hydrogels (PEDOT/CMCS) with different contents of PEDOT polymer were analyzed. 29519441 4 71 from hydrogels 780:788 arg1 viability 664:672 Cell viability 659:672 Cell viability 659:672 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 4 71 from hydrogels 780:788 arg1 proliferation 678:690 proliferation 678:690 proliferation 678:690 Cell viability and proliferation of neuron-like rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells on these three-dimensional conductive hydrogels were evaluated in vitro. 29519441 2 72 theme polymer 500:506 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 72 theme polymer 500:506 arg1 layer 508:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 7 73 theme conductive 1259:1268 arg1 component 1276:1284 conductive PEDOT component 1259:1284 conductive PEDOT component 1259:1284 These results demonstrated that the incorporation of conductive PEDOT component into CMCS hydrogels endowed the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, conductivity and kept the biocompatibility. 29519441 2 74 theme composite 295:303 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 74 theme composite 295:303 arg1 layer 508:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 a conductive polymer layer 487:512 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 74 theme composite 295:303 arg1 network 429:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 75 theme macromolecular 414:427 arg1 hydrogel 305:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 a conductive composite hydrogel 282:312 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 29519441 2 75 theme macromolecular 414:427 arg1 network 429:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 a biodegradable base macromolecular network 393:435 In this study, we developed a conductive composite hydrogel via in-situ chemical polymerization based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), as a biodegradable base macromolecular network, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), as a conductive polymer layer. 28688363 3 0 theme CNCs 673:676 arg1 presence 661:668 the presence 657:668 the presence of CNCs and WPI 657:684 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 8 1 theme emulsions 1801:1809 arg1 passage 1790:1796 gastric passage 1782:1796 gastric passage of emulsions 1782:1809 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 1 2 dep isolate 227:233 arg1 WPI 236:238 WPI 236:238 WPI 236:238 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 1 2 dep isolate 227:233 arg1 % 244:244 1wt% 241:244 1wt% 241:244 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 7 3 theme CNCs 1426:1429 arg1 adsorption 1412:1421 adsorption 1412:1421 adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets 1412:1460 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 3 4 theme O/W 702:704 arg1 interface 706:714 the O/W interface 698:714 the O/W interface 698:714 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 5 5 theme barrier 1172:1178 arg1 effects 1180:1186 such barrier effects 1167:1186 such barrier effects 1167:1186 It appeared that there was an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects. 28688363 7 6 theme adsorption 1412:1421 arg1 evidence 1400:1407 evidence 1400:1407 evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets 1400:1460 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 6 7 theme gel 1228:1230 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 7 theme gel 1228:1230 arg1 electrophoresis 1232:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1189:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 4 8 theme droplet 838:844 arg1 sizing 846:851 droplet sizing 838:851 droplet sizing 838:851 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 6 9 theme sulphate 1204:1211 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 9 theme sulphate 1204:1211 arg1 electrophoresis 1232:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1189:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 8 10 theme mixed 1663:1667 arg1 layers 1686:1691 mixed protein-particle layers 1663:1691 mixed protein-particle layers 1663:1691 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 7 11 theme continuous 1567:1576 arg1 phase 1579:1583 the bulk (continuous) phase 1557:1583 the bulk (continuous) phase 1557:1583 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 6 12 from interface 1380:1388 arg1 proteolysis 1350:1360 proteolysis 1350:1360 proteolysis of protein at the interface 1350:1388 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 12 from interface 1380:1388 arg1 extent 1340:1345 extent 1340:1345 extent 1340:1345 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 12 from interface 1380:1388 arg1 rate 1331:1334 rate 1331:1334 rate 1331:1334 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 3 13 theme electron 511:518 arg1 microscopy 520:529 transmission electron microscopy 498:529 transmission electron microscopy 498:529 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 7 14 theme bulk 1561:1564 arg1 phase 1579:1583 the bulk (continuous) phase 1557:1583 the bulk (continuous) phase 1557:1583 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 6 15 theme dodecyl 1196:1202 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 15 theme dodecyl 1196:1202 arg1 electrophoresis 1232:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1189:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 3 16 theme interfacial 558:568 arg1 measurements 586:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 1 17 theme whey 214:217 arg1 isolate 227:233 whey protein isolate 214:233 whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) 214:245 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 1 18 theme cellulose 251:259 arg1 nanocrystals 261:272 cellulose nanocrystals 251:272 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%) 251:288 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 1 18 theme cellulose 251:259 arg1 % 287:287 1-3wt% 282:287 1-3wt% 282:287 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 1 18 theme cellulose 251:259 arg1 CNCs 275:278 CNCs 275:278 CNCs 275:278 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 3 19 theme electrostatic 730:742 arg1 attraction 744:753 the electrostatic attraction 726:753 the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3 726:806 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 8 20 theme effective 1705:1713 arg1 emulsions 1648:1656 structuring emulsions 1636:1656 structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers 1636:1691 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 8 20 theme effective 1705:1713 arg1 strategy 1715:1722 an effective strategy 1702:1722 an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions 1702:1809 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 3 21 theme charged 779:785 arg1 WPI 787:789 complementarily charged WPI 763:789 complementarily charged WPI 763:789 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 0 22 theme composite 57:65 arg1 interfaces 102:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 3 23 theme viscosity 576:584 arg1 measurements 586:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 2 24 from interface 373:381 arg1 layer 327:331 a secondary layer 315:331 a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 315:381 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 8 25 with emulsions 1648:1656 arg1 layers 1686:1691 mixed protein-particle layers 1663:1691 mixed protein-particle layers 1663:1691 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 0 26 theme protein-cellulose 72:88 arg1 interfaces 102:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 8 27 theme interfacial 1744:1754 arg1 properties 1764:1773 interfacial barrier properties 1744:1773 interfacial barrier properties 1744:1773 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 1 28 theme oil-water 159:167 arg1 interface 169:177 an oil-water interface 156:177 an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%) 156:288 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 4 29 theme protein 932:938 arg1 film 940:943 the interfacial protein film 916:943 the interfacial protein film 916:943 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 7 30 theme proteolysis 1609:1619 arg1 kinetics 1597:1604 the kinetics 1593:1604 the kinetics of proteolysis 1593:1619 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 2 31 theme CNCs 336:339 arg1 layer 327:331 a secondary layer 315:331 a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 315:381 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 6 32 dep rate 1331:1334 arg1 the 1327:1329 the 1327:1329 the 1327:1329 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 8 33 theme gastric 1782:1788 arg1 passage 1790:1796 gastric passage 1782:1796 gastric passage of emulsions 1782:1809 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 2 34 theme oil-water 363:371 arg1 interface 373:381 the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 344:381 the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 344:381 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 1 35 theme nanocrystals 261:272 arg1 layer 205:209 a composite layer 193:209 a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%) 193:288 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 6 36 theme protein 1365:1371 arg1 proteolysis 1350:1360 proteolysis 1350:1360 proteolysis of protein at the interface 1350:1388 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 2 37 theme protein 413:419 arg1 layer 421:425 the interfacial protein layer 397:425 the interfacial protein layer 397:425 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 3 38 theme surface 615:621 arg1 considerations 632:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 0 39 theme emulsions 41:49 arg1 digestion 28:36 in vitro gastric digestion 11:36 in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions 11:49 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 5 40 theme optimum 1116:1122 arg1 concentration 1124:1136 an optimum concentration 1113:1136 an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects 1113:1186 It appeared that there was an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects. 28688363 2 41 dep in 435:436 arg1 vitro 438:442 vitro 438:442 vitro 438:442 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 1 42 theme protein 219:225 arg1 isolate 227:233 whey protein isolate 214:233 whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) 214:245 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 7 43 theme protein-coated 1438:1451 arg1 droplets 1453:1460 the protein-coated droplets 1434:1460 the protein-coated droplets 1434:1460 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 4 44 dep inhibiting 972:981 arg1 occurs 1031:1036 occurs 1031:1036 occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone 1031:1083 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 5 45 theme such 1167:1170 arg1 effects 1180:1186 such barrier effects 1167:1186 such barrier effects 1167:1186 It appeared that there was an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects. 28688363 6 46 theme electrophoresis 1232:1246 arg1 results 1259:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 4 47 theme droplet 983:989 arg1 coalescence 991:1001 droplet coalescence 983:1001 droplet coalescence 983:1001 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 4 48 theme Microstructural 809:823 arg1 analysis 825:832 Microstructural analysis 809:832 Microstructural analysis 809:832 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 6 49 theme polyacrylamide 1213:1226 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 49 theme polyacrylamide 1213:1226 arg1 electrophoresis 1232:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1189:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 3 50 theme microscopy 520:529 arg1 combination 483:493 A combination 481:493 A combination of transmission electron microscopy 481:529 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 3 50 theme microscopy 520:529 arg1 considerations 632:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 3 50 theme microscopy 520:529 arg1 measurements 586:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 3 50 theme microscopy 520:529 arg1 measurements 544:555 ζ-potential measurements 532:555 ζ-potential measurements 532:555 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 8 51 theme structuring 1636:1646 arg1 emulsions 1648:1656 structuring emulsions 1636:1656 structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers 1636:1691 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 8 51 theme structuring 1636:1646 arg1 strategy 1715:1722 an effective strategy 1702:1722 an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions 1702:1809 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 6 52 theme % 1309:1309 arg1 presence 1294:1301 the presence 1290:1301 the presence of 3wt% of CNCs 1290:1317 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 3 53 theme transmission 498:509 arg1 microscopy 520:529 transmission electron microscopy 498:529 transmission electron microscopy 498:529 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 1 54 theme composite 195:203 arg1 layer 205:209 a composite layer 193:209 a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%) 193:288 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 5 55 from interface 1153:1161 arg1 concentration 1124:1136 an optimum concentration 1113:1136 an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects 1113:1186 It appeared that there was an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects. 28688363 8 56 theme protein-particle 1669:1684 arg1 layers 1686:1691 mixed protein-particle layers 1663:1691 mixed protein-particle layers 1663:1691 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 6 57 theme Sodium 1189:1194 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 SDS-PAGE 1249:1256 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 57 theme Sodium 1189:1194 arg1 electrophoresis 1232:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1189:1246 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results 1189:1265 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 3 58 theme ζ-potential 532:542 arg1 measurements 544:555 ζ-potential measurements 532:555 ζ-potential measurements 532:555 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 7 59 from CNCs 1549:1552 arg1 phase 1579:1583 the bulk (continuous) phase 1557:1583 the bulk (continuous) phase 1557:1583 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 7 60 theme network 1524:1530 arg1 formation 1532:1540 network formation 1524:1540 network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase 1524:1583 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 4 61 theme CNCs 883:886 arg1 presence 871:878 the presence 867:878 the presence of CNCs 867:886 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 2 62 from 37°C 475:478 arg1 digestion 452:460 in vitro gastric digestion 435:460 in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C 435:478 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 0 63 theme whey 67:70 arg1 interfaces 102:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 3 64 theme shear 570:574 arg1 measurements 586:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 interfacial shear viscosity measurements 558:597 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 2 65 theme gastric 444:450 arg1 digestion 452:460 in vitro gastric digestion 435:460 in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C 435:478 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 0 66 theme nanocrystal 90:100 arg1 interfaces 102:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces 57:111 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 6 67 from rate 1331:1334 arg1 interface 1380:1388 the interface 1376:1388 the interface 1376:1388 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 2 68 theme in 435:436 arg1 digestion 452:460 in vitro gastric digestion 435:460 in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C 435:478 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 6 69 from extent 1340:1345 arg1 interface 1380:1388 the interface 1376:1388 the interface 1376:1388 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 1 70 with emulsions 141:149 arg1 interface 169:177 an oil-water interface 156:177 an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%) 156:288 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 4 71 theme interfacial 920:930 arg1 film 940:943 the interfacial protein film 916:943 the interfacial protein film 916:943 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 6 72 theme CNCs 1314:1317 arg1 CNCs 1314:1317 CNCs 1314:1317 CNCs 1314:1317 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 72 theme CNCs 1314:1317 arg1 % 1309:1309 3wt% 1306:1309 3wt% of CNCs 1306:1317 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 8 73 theme barrier 1756:1762 arg1 properties 1764:1773 interfacial barrier properties 1744:1773 interfacial barrier properties 1744:1773 Nevertheless, structuring emulsions with mixed protein-particle layers could be an effective strategy to tune and control interfacial barrier properties during gastric passage of emulsions. 28688363 4 74 theme film 940:943 arg1 resistance 902:911 the resistance 898:911 the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture 898:954 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 0 75 theme in 11:12 arg1 digestion 28:36 in vitro gastric digestion 11:36 in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions 11:49 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 2 76 theme secondary 317:325 arg1 layer 327:331 a secondary layer 315:331 a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 315:381 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 0 77 theme gastric 20:26 arg1 digestion 28:36 in vitro gastric digestion 11:36 in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions 11:49 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 5 78 theme CNCs 1141:1144 arg1 concentration 1124:1136 an optimum concentration 1113:1136 an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects 1113:1186 It appeared that there was an optimum concentration of CNCs at the interface for such barrier effects. 28688363 4 79 theme gastric 1010:1016 arg1 phase 1018:1022 the gastric phase 1006:1022 the gastric phase 1006:1022 Microstructural analysis and droplet sizing revealed that the presence of CNCs increased the resistance of the interfacial protein film to rupture by pepsin, thus inhibiting droplet coalescence in the gastric phase, which occurs rapidly in an emulsion stabilized by WPI alone. 28688363 3 80 from pH 803:804 arg1 CNCs 795:798 CNCs 795:798 CNCs at pH 3 795:806 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 3 80 from pH 803:804 arg1 WPI 787:789 complementarily charged WPI 763:789 complementarily charged WPI 763:789 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 3 81 theme coverage 623:630 arg1 considerations 632:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 2 82 theme WPI-stabilized 348:361 arg1 interface 373:381 the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 344:381 the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface 344:381 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 3 83 theme theoretical 603:613 arg1 considerations 632:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 theoretical surface coverage considerations 603:645 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 28688363 7 84 theme rigid 1475:1479 arg1 layers 1481:1486 more rigid layers 1470:1486 more rigid layers 1470:1486 Besides, evidence of adsorption of CNCs to the protein-coated droplets to form more rigid layers, there is also the possibility that network formation by the CNCs in the bulk (continuous) phase reduced the kinetics of proteolysis. 28688363 2 85 theme interfacial 401:411 arg1 layer 421:425 the interfacial protein layer 397:425 the interfacial protein layer 397:425 The hypothesis was that a secondary layer of CNCs at the WPI-stabilized oil-water interface could protect the interfacial protein layer against in vitro gastric digestion by pepsin at 37°C. 28688363 1 86 theme isolate 227:233 arg1 layer 205:209 a composite layer 193:209 a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%) 193:288 In this study, we designed emulsions with an oil-water interface consisting of a composite layer of whey protein isolate (WPI, 1wt%) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1-3wt%). 28688363 0 87 dep in 11:12 arg1 vitro 14:18 vitro 14:18 vitro 14:18 Modulating in vitro gastric digestion of emulsions using composite whey protein-cellulose nanocrystal interfaces. 28688363 6 88 theme proteolysis 1350:1360 arg1 extent 1340:1345 extent 1340:1345 extent 1340:1345 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 6 88 theme proteolysis 1350:1360 arg1 rate 1331:1334 rate 1331:1334 rate 1331:1334 Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results further confirmed that the presence of 3wt% of CNCs reduced the rate and extent of proteolysis of protein at the interface. 28688363 3 89 theme WPI 682:684 arg1 presence 661:668 the presence 657:668 the presence of CNCs and WPI 657:684 A combination of transmission electron microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, interfacial shear viscosity measurements and theoretical surface coverage considerations suggested the presence of CNCs and WPI together at the O/W interface, owing to the electrostatic attraction between complementarily charged WPI and CNCs at pH 3. 25841364 8 0 theme equilibrium 928:938 arg1 % 979:979 3800% 975:979 3800% 975:979 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 8 0 theme equilibrium 928:938 arg1 degree 949:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree 916:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels 916:969 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 7 1 theme pore 892:895 arg1 size 897:900 a pore size 890:900 a pore size of 20-100 μm 890:913 The microstructures of all NC gels were porous, with a pore size of 20-100 μm. 25841364 4 2 theme maximum 566:572 arg1 strength 582:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 2 theme maximum 566:572 arg1 kPa 642:644 90 kPa 639:644 90 kPa 639:644 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 8 3 theme maximum 920:926 arg1 % 979:979 3800% 975:979 3800% 975:979 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 8 3 theme maximum 920:926 arg1 degree 949:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree 916:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels 916:969 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 10 4 theme high 1267:1270 arg1 ability 1279:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 4 theme high 1267:1270 arg1 properties 1255:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 5 with hydrogels 1156:1164 arg1 CNCs 1171:1174 CNCs 1171:1174 CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs 1171:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 9 6 theme interactions 1096:1107 arg1 dispersion 1057:1066 the good dispersion 1048:1066 the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites 1048:1125 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 5 7 theme shear 683:687 arg1 modulus 689:695 The dynamic shear modulus 671:695 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels 671:710 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 5 7 theme shear 683:687 arg1 higher 735:740 higher 735:740 higher 735:740 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 4 8 theme NC 513:514 arg1 tough 526:530 tough 526:530 tough 526:530 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 8 theme NC 513:514 arg1 gels 516:519 The NC gels 509:519 The NC gels 509:519 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 10 9 theme mechanical 1244:1253 arg1 ability 1279:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 9 theme mechanical 1244:1253 arg1 biocompatibility 1296:1311 good biocompatibility 1291:1311 good biocompatibility of CNCs 1291:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 9 theme mechanical 1244:1253 arg1 properties 1255:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 9 10 theme good 1052:1055 arg1 dispersion 1057:1066 the good dispersion 1048:1066 the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites 1048:1125 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 2 11 theme initiator 278:286 arg1 solution 288:295 the initiator solution 274:295 the initiator solution 274:295 To avoid the flocculation of CNCs in the initiator solution during acrylamide polymerization, chitosan was selected as a surface modifier. 25841364 10 12 theme high 1239:1242 arg1 ability 1279:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 12 theme high 1239:1242 arg1 biocompatibility 1296:1311 good biocompatibility 1291:1311 good biocompatibility of CNCs 1291:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 12 theme high 1239:1242 arg1 properties 1255:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 6 13 theme % 823:823 arg1 elongation 825:834 2000% elongation 819:834 2000% elongation 819:834 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 8 14 theme swelling 940:947 arg1 % 979:979 3800% 975:979 3800% 975:979 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 8 14 theme swelling 940:947 arg1 degree 949:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree 916:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels 916:969 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 4 15 theme tensile 574:580 arg1 strength 582:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 15 theme tensile 574:580 arg1 kPa 642:644 90 kPa 639:644 90 kPa 639:644 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 6 16 theme 2000 819:822 arg1 % 823:823 % 823:823 % 823:823 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 9 17 theme NC 1023:1024 arg1 gels 1026:1029 the NC gels 1019:1029 the NC gels 1019:1029 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 1 18 theme long 160:163 arg1 nm 157:158 100-500 nm long 149:163 100-500 nm long 149:163 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) that were 10-20 nm wide and 100-500 nm long were synthetized via acidolysis and characterized with various methods. 25841364 10 19 theme new 1334:1336 arg1 applications 1338:1349 new applications 1334:1349 new applications for CNCs as well 1334:1366 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 9 20 from dispersion 1057:1066 arg1 composites 1116:1125 the composites 1112:1125 the composites 1112:1125 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 7 21 theme NC 864:865 arg1 gels 867:870 all NC gels 860:870 all NC gels 860:870 The microstructures of all NC gels were porous, with a pore size of 20-100 μm. 25841364 1 22 theme Chitin 94:99 arg1 CNCs 115:118 CNCs 115:118 CNCs 115:118 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) that were 10-20 nm wide and 100-500 nm long were synthetized via acidolysis and characterized with various methods. 25841364 1 22 theme Chitin 94:99 arg1 nanocrystals 101:112 Chitin nanocrystals 94:112 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) that were 10-20 nm wide and 100-500 nm long 94:163 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) that were 10-20 nm wide and 100-500 nm long were synthetized via acidolysis and characterized with various methods. 25841364 10 23 theme NC 1153:1154 arg1 hydrogels 1156:1164 PAAm NC hydrogels 1148:1164 PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs 1148:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 4 24 theme gels 629:632 arg1 strength 582:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 24 theme gels 629:632 arg1 elongation 599:608 the elongation 595:608 the elongation at break of the NC gels 595:632 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 24 theme gels 629:632 arg1 kPa 642:644 90 kPa 639:644 90 kPa 639:644 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 3 25 theme chitosan-modified 380:396 arg1 crosslinkers 436:447 multifunctional crosslinkers 420:447 multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 420:506 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 3 25 theme chitosan-modified 380:396 arg1 CNCs 398:401 The chitosan-modified CNCs 376:401 The chitosan-modified CNCs 376:401 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 6 26 theme strain 806:811 arg1 gels 772:775 The NC gels 765:775 The NC gels 765:775 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 6 26 theme strain 806:811 arg1 free 789:792 free 789:792 free 789:792 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 8 27 theme gels 966:969 arg1 % 979:979 3800% 975:979 3800% 975:979 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 8 27 theme gels 966:969 arg1 degree 949:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree 916:954 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels 916:969 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 7 28 theme gels 867:870 arg1 porous 877:882 porous 877:882 porous 877:882 The microstructures of all NC gels were porous, with a pore size of 20-100 μm. 25841364 7 28 theme gels 867:870 arg1 microstructures 841:855 The microstructures 837:855 The microstructures of all NC gels 837:870 The microstructures of all NC gels were porous, with a pore size of 20-100 μm. 25841364 10 29 theme PAAm 1148:1151 arg1 hydrogels 1156:1164 PAAm NC hydrogels 1148:1164 PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs 1148:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 8 30 theme NC 963:964 arg1 gels 966:969 the NC gels 959:969 the NC gels 959:969 The maximum equilibrium swelling degree of the NC gels was 3800%. 25841364 2 31 theme acrylamide 304:313 arg1 polymerization 315:328 acrylamide polymerization 304:328 acrylamide polymerization 304:328 To avoid the flocculation of CNCs in the initiator solution during acrylamide polymerization, chitosan was selected as a surface modifier. 25841364 10 32 theme CNCs 1316:1319 arg1 ability 1279:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 32 theme CNCs 1316:1319 arg1 biocompatibility 1296:1311 good biocompatibility 1291:1311 good biocompatibility of CNCs 1291:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 32 theme CNCs 1316:1319 arg1 properties 1255:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 0 33 theme stretchable 17:27 arg1 polyacrylamide 29:42 highly stretchable polyacrylamide 10:42 highly stretchable polyacrylamide 10:42 Tough and highly stretchable polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels with chitin nanocrystals. 25841364 9 34 theme interfacial 1084:1094 arg1 interactions 1096:1107 the interfacial interactions 1080:1107 the interfacial interactions 1080:1107 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 10 35 theme absorbent 1195:1203 arg1 material 1219:1226 absorbent or biomedical material 1195:1226 absorbent or biomedical material 1195:1226 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 6 36 theme residual 797:804 arg1 strain 806:811 residual strain 797:811 residual strain 797:811 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 3 37 theme nanocomposite 479:491 arg1 hydrogels 498:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 4 38 from break 613:617 arg1 strength 582:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 the maximum tensile strength 562:589 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 38 from break 613:617 arg1 elongation 599:608 the elongation 595:608 the elongation at break of the NC gels 595:632 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 38 from break 613:617 arg1 kPa 642:644 90 kPa 639:644 90 kPa 639:644 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 4 39 theme NC 626:627 arg1 gels 629:632 the NC gels 622:632 the NC gels 622:632 The NC gels were tough and stretchable; for example, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NC gels were 90 kPa and 3070%, respectively. 25841364 3 40 theme multifunctional 420:434 arg1 crosslinkers 436:447 multifunctional crosslinkers 420:447 multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 420:506 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 3 40 theme multifunctional 420:434 arg1 CNCs 398:401 The chitosan-modified CNCs 376:401 The chitosan-modified CNCs 376:401 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 5 41 theme dynamic 675:681 arg1 modulus 689:695 The dynamic shear modulus 671:695 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels 671:710 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 5 41 theme dynamic 675:681 arg1 higher 735:740 higher 735:740 higher 735:740 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 3 42 theme PAAm 473:476 arg1 hydrogels 498:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 7 43 with porous 877:882 arg1 size 897:900 a pore size 890:900 a pore size of 20-100 μm 890:913 The microstructures of all NC gels were porous, with a pore size of 20-100 μm. 25841364 5 44 theme gels 707:710 arg1 modulus 689:695 The dynamic shear modulus 671:695 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels 671:710 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 5 44 theme gels 707:710 arg1 higher 735:740 higher 735:740 higher 735:740 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 10 45 theme biomedical 1208:1217 arg1 material 1219:1226 absorbent or biomedical material 1195:1226 absorbent or biomedical material 1195:1226 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 9 46 from improvement 986:996 arg1 properties 1005:1014 the properties 1001:1014 the properties of the NC gels 1001:1029 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 10 47 theme absorb 1272:1277 arg1 ability 1279:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 high absorb ability 1267:1285 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 47 theme absorb 1272:1277 arg1 properties 1255:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 9 48 theme CNCs 1071:1074 arg1 dispersion 1057:1066 the good dispersion 1048:1066 the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites 1048:1125 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 10 49 theme good 1291:1294 arg1 biocompatibility 1296:1311 good biocompatibility 1291:1311 good biocompatibility of CNCs 1291:1319 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 10 49 theme good 1291:1294 arg1 properties 1255:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 the high mechanical properties 1235:1264 This work developed PAAm NC hydrogels with CNCs for application as absorbent or biomedical material due to the high mechanical properties, high absorb ability and good biocompatibility of CNCs and explored new applications for CNCs as well. 25841364 7 50 theme μm 912:913 arg1 size 897:900 a pore size 890:900 a pore size of 20-100 μm 890:913 The microstructures of all NC gels were porous, with a pore size of 20-100 μm. 25841364 1 51 theme various 220:226 arg1 methods 228:234 various methods 220:234 various methods 220:234 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) that were 10-20 nm wide and 100-500 nm long were synthetized via acidolysis and characterized with various methods. 25841364 2 52 theme CNCs 266:269 arg1 flocculation 250:261 the flocculation 246:261 the flocculation of CNCs 246:269 To avoid the flocculation of CNCs in the initiator solution during acrylamide polymerization, chitosan was selected as a surface modifier. 25841364 6 53 theme NC 769:770 arg1 gels 772:775 The NC gels 765:775 The NC gels 765:775 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 6 53 theme NC 769:770 arg1 free 789:792 free 789:792 free 789:792 The NC gels were nearly free of residual strain after 2000% elongation. 25841364 9 54 theme gels 1026:1029 arg1 properties 1005:1014 the properties 1001:1014 the properties of the NC gels 1001:1029 The improvement in the properties of the NC gels is attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs and the interfacial interactions in the composites. 25841364 3 55 theme NC 494:495 arg1 hydrogels 498:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 5 56 theme NC 704:705 arg1 gels 707:710 the NC gels 700:710 the NC gels 700:710 The dynamic shear modulus of the NC gels was also significantly higher than that of the PAAm. 25841364 0 57 with hydrogels 58:66 arg1 nanocrystals 80:91 chitin nanocrystals 73:91 chitin nanocrystals 73:91 Tough and highly stretchable polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels with chitin nanocrystals. 25841364 1 58 theme wide 140:143 arg1 nm 137:138 10-20 nm wide 131:143 10-20 nm wide 131:143 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) that were 10-20 nm wide and 100-500 nm long were synthetized via acidolysis and characterized with various methods. 25841364 3 59 theme polyacrylamide 457:470 arg1 hydrogels 498:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels 453:506 The chitosan-modified CNCs were employed as multifunctional crosslinkers for the polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. 25841364 0 60 theme chitin 73:78 arg1 nanocrystals 80:91 chitin nanocrystals 73:91 chitin nanocrystals 73:91 Tough and highly stretchable polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels with chitin nanocrystals. 25841364 2 61 theme surface 358:364 arg1 chitosan 331:338 chitosan 331:338 chitosan 331:338 To avoid the flocculation of CNCs in the initiator solution during acrylamide polymerization, chitosan was selected as a surface modifier. 25841364 2 61 theme surface 358:364 arg1 modifier 366:373 a surface modifier 356:373 a surface modifier 356:373 To avoid the flocculation of CNCs in the initiator solution during acrylamide polymerization, chitosan was selected as a surface modifier. 26426455 5 0 contain had 909:911 arg1 Nanoparticles 868:880 Nanoparticles 868:880 Nanoparticles 868:880 Nanoparticles were of 193.1 ± 8.9 nm and had a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV. 26426455 5 0 contain had 909:911 arg2 potential 920:928 a zeta potential 913:928 a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV 913:945 Nanoparticles were of 193.1 ± 8.9 nm and had a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV. 26426455 7 1 theme acid/pluronic/curcumin 1145:1166 arg1 nanoparticles 1168:1180 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1120:1180 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1120:1180 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 1 2 theme wound-healing 201:213 arg1 properties 215:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties 163:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration 163:271 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 7 3 theme in 1059:1060 arg1 studies 1067:1073 Subsequent in vivo studies 1048:1073 Subsequent in vivo studies 1048:1073 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 4 4 theme bacterial 821:829 arg1 infection 831:839 bacterial infection 821:839 bacterial infection 821:839 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 2 5 used used 350:353 arg2 composite 328:336 a tripolymeric composite 313:336 a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing 313:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 2 5 used used 350:353 arg2 device 369:374 a delivery device 358:374 a delivery device for wound healing 358:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 1 6 contain has 159:161 arg2 properties 215:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties 163:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration 163:271 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 1 6 contain has 159:161 arg1 curcumin 150:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin 123:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin 123:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 8 7 dep © 1243:1243 arg1 Inc. 1269:1272 Inc. 1269:1272 Inc. 1269:1272 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 26426455 6 8 theme tissue 1034:1039 arg1 model 1041:1045 a simulated skin tissue model 1017:1045 a simulated skin tissue model 1017:1045 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 9 9 dep Res 1289:1291 arg1 105B 1316:1319 105B 1316:1319 105B 1316:1319 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 26426455 9 9 dep Res 1289:1291 arg1 B 1298:1298 Part B 1293:1298 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 1274:1333 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 26426455 9 9 dep Res 1289:1291 arg1 Biomater 1306:1313 Biomater 1306:1313 Biomater 1306:1313 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 26426455 9 9 dep Res 1289:1291 arg1 81-90 1322:1326 81-90 1322:1326 81-90 1322:1326 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 26426455 7 10 theme chitosan 1085:1092 arg1 dressing 1100:1107 chitosan wound dressing 1085:1107 chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1085:1180 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 1 11 theme antimicrobial 182:194 arg1 properties 215:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties 163:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration 163:271 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 3 12 theme present 399:405 arg1 nanoparticles 417:429 The present composite nanoparticles 395:429 The present composite nanoparticles 395:429 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 6 13 theme skin 1029:1032 arg1 model 1041:1045 a simulated skin tissue model 1017:1045 a simulated skin tissue model 1017:1045 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 4 14 theme acid/pluronic/curcumin 730:751 arg1 nanoparticles 753:765 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 705:765 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 705:765 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 7 15 dep in 1059:1060 arg1 vivo 1062:1065 vivo 1062:1065 vivo 1062:1065 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 3 16 theme composite 407:415 arg1 nanoparticles 417:429 The present composite nanoparticles 395:429 The present composite nanoparticles 395:429 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 6 17 theme simulated 1019:1027 arg1 model 1041:1045 a simulated skin tissue model 1017:1045 a simulated skin tissue model 1017:1045 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 5 18 theme zeta 915:918 arg1 potential 920:928 a zeta potential 913:928 a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV 913:945 Nanoparticles were of 193.1 ± 8.9 nm and had a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV. 26426455 4 19 used used 582:585 arg2 Pluronic 569:576 Pluronic 569:576 Pluronic 569:576 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 4 20 theme chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic 628:651 arg1 nanoparticles 658:670 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 628:670 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 628:670 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 3 21 theme poly-γ-glutamic 492:506 arg1 acid 508:511 poly-γ-glutamic acid 492:511 poly-γ-glutamic acid 492:511 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 3 22 theme biocompatible 456:468 arg1 polymers 470:477 three biocompatible polymers 450:477 three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic 450:525 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 1 23 theme hydrophobic 127:137 arg1 curcumin 150:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin 123:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin 123:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 9 24 theme Part 1293:1296 arg1 B 1298:1298 Part B 1293:1298 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 1274:1333 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 81-90, 2017. 26426455 1 25 theme pharmacological 243:257 arg1 consideration 259:271 its pharmacological consideration 239:271 its pharmacological consideration 239:271 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 0 26 theme acid/pluronic/curcumin 40:61 arg1 nanoparticles 63:75 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 15:75 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 15:75 Development of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles in chitosan dressings for wound regeneration. 26426455 4 27 theme curcumin 616:623 arg1 solubility 602:611 the solubility 598:611 the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 598:670 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 7 28 theme wound 1094:1098 arg1 dressing 1100:1107 chitosan wound dressing 1085:1107 chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1085:1180 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 2 29 theme delivery 360:367 arg1 composite 328:336 a tripolymeric composite 313:336 a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing 313:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 2 29 theme delivery 360:367 arg1 device 369:374 a delivery device 358:374 a delivery device for wound healing 358:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 4 30 theme nanoparticles 753:765 arg1 incorporation 688:700 the incorporation 684:700 the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes 684:789 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 0 31 theme chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic 15:38 arg1 nanoparticles 63:75 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 15:75 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 15:75 Development of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles in chitosan dressings for wound regeneration. 26426455 4 32 theme acid 653:656 arg1 nanoparticles 658:670 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 628:670 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 628:670 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 3 33 theme simple 535:540 arg1 technology 557:566 a simple ionic gelation technology 533:566 a simple ionic gelation technology 533:566 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 3 34 theme chitosan 482:489 arg1 polymers 470:477 three biocompatible polymers 450:477 three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic 450:525 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 2 35 with nanoparticle 295:306 arg1 device 369:374 a delivery device 358:374 a delivery device for wound healing 358:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 2 35 with nanoparticle 295:306 arg1 composite 328:336 a tripolymeric composite 313:336 a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing 313:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 4 36 theme chitosan 772:779 arg1 membranes 781:789 chitosan membranes 772:789 chitosan membranes 772:789 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 3 37 theme acid 508:511 arg1 polymers 470:477 three biocompatible polymers 450:477 three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic 450:525 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 3 38 theme pluronic 518:525 arg1 polymers 470:477 three biocompatible polymers 450:477 three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic 450:525 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 0 39 theme nanoparticles 63:75 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles in chitosan 0:87 Development of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles in chitosan dressings for wound regeneration. 26426455 4 40 from solubility 602:611 arg1 nanoparticles 658:670 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 628:670 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles 628:670 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 6 41 theme curcumin 997:1004 arg1 release 1006:1012 controlled curcumin release 986:1012 controlled curcumin release 986:1012 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 7 42 contain containing 1109:1118 arg1 dressing 1100:1107 chitosan wound dressing 1085:1107 chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1085:1180 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 7 42 contain containing 1109:1118 arg2 nanoparticles 1168:1180 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1120:1180 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1120:1180 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 6 43 theme controlled 986:995 arg1 release 1006:1012 controlled curcumin release 986:1012 controlled curcumin release 986:1012 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 2 44 theme curcumin 286:293 arg1 nanoparticle 295:306 a curcumin nanoparticle 284:306 a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing 284:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 7 45 theme tissue 1220:1225 arg1 reconstruction 1227:1240 tissue reconstruction 1220:1240 tissue reconstruction 1220:1240 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 4 46 theme wound 848:852 arg1 regeneration 854:865 wound regeneration 848:865 wound regeneration 848:865 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 0 47 from Development 0:10 arg1 chitosan 80:87 chitosan 80:87 chitosan 80:87 Development of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles in chitosan dressings for wound regeneration. 26426455 7 48 theme neocollagen 1191:1201 arg1 regeneration 1203:1214 neocollagen regeneration 1191:1214 neocollagen regeneration 1191:1214 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 1 49 theme anti-inflammatory 163:179 arg1 properties 215:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties 163:224 anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration 163:271 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 7 50 theme Subsequent 1048:1057 arg1 studies 1067:1073 Subsequent in vivo studies 1048:1073 Subsequent in vivo studies 1048:1073 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 3 51 theme ionic 542:546 arg1 technology 557:566 a simple ionic gelation technology 533:566 a simple ionic gelation technology 533:566 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 1 52 theme polyphenol 139:148 arg1 curcumin 150:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin 123:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin 123:157 The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties that warrant its pharmacological consideration. 26426455 2 53 theme wound 380:384 arg1 healing 386:392 wound healing 380:392 wound healing 380:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 0 54 theme wound 103:107 arg1 regeneration 109:120 wound regeneration 103:120 wound regeneration 103:120 Development of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles in chitosan dressings for wound regeneration. 26426455 6 55 theme in 958:959 arg1 analyses 967:974 in vitro analyses 958:974 in vitro analyses 958:974 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 2 56 theme tripolymeric 315:326 arg1 device 369:374 a delivery device 358:374 a delivery device for wound healing 358:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 2 56 theme tripolymeric 315:326 arg1 composite 328:336 a tripolymeric composite 313:336 a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing 313:392 We report a curcumin nanoparticle with a tripolymeric composite that can be used as a delivery device for wound healing. 26426455 3 57 theme gelation 548:555 arg1 technology 557:566 a simple ionic gelation technology 533:566 a simple ionic gelation technology 533:566 The present composite nanoparticles were prepared with three biocompatible polymers of chitosan, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and pluronic using a simple ionic gelation technology. 26426455 4 58 theme chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic 705:728 arg1 nanoparticles 753:765 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 705:765 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 705:765 Pluronic was used to enhance the solubility of curcumin in chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles into chitosan membranes, and reduced inflammation and bacterial infection during wound regeneration. 26426455 6 59 dep in 958:959 arg1 vitro 961:965 vitro 961:965 vitro 961:965 Moreover, in vitro analyses indicated controlled curcumin release in a simulated skin tissue model. 26426455 7 60 theme chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic 1120:1143 arg1 nanoparticles 1168:1180 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1120:1180 chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles 1120:1180 Subsequent in vivo studies show that chitosan wound dressing containing chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/pluronic/curcumin nanoparticles promoted neocollagen regeneration and tissue reconstruction. 26426455 5 61 theme mV 944:945 arg1 potential 920:928 a zeta potential 913:928 a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV 913:945 Nanoparticles were of 193.1 ± 8.9 nm and had a zeta potential of 20.6 ± 2.4 mV. 29709149 1 0 theme excellent 288:296 arg1 properties 309:318 the excellent biological properties 284:318 the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS 284:342 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 1 theme significant 782:792 arg1 difference 794:803 significant difference 782:803 significant difference 782:803 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 2 theme osteogenic 510:519 arg1 expression 526:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 2 theme osteogenic 510:519 arg1 cells 462:466 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 3 theme higher 172:177 arg1 activity 190:197 higher biological activity 172:197 higher biological activity 172:197 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 4 theme cells 1050:1054 arg1 differentiation 1056:1070 cells differentiation 1050:1070 cells differentiation 1050:1070 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 5 dep that 746:749 arg1 was 778:780 was 778:780 was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 778:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 6 theme COS 340:342 arg1 properties 309:318 the excellent biological properties 284:318 the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS 284:342 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 7 theme biological 179:188 arg1 activity 190:197 higher biological activity 172:197 higher biological activity 172:197 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 8 theme Col/COS 625:631 arg1 gels 643:646 all the Col/COS composite gels 617:646 all the Col/COS composite gels 617:646 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 9 theme related 710:716 arg1 expression 723:732 bone related gene expression 705:732 bone related gene expression 705:732 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 9 theme related 710:716 arg1 s 685:685 MC3T3-E1 s 676:685 MC3T3-E1 s 676:685 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 0 10 from [Effect 0:6 arg1 Differentiation 86:100 Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 59:100 Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 59:100 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation]. 29709149 1 11 with mass 162:165 arg1 activity 190:197 higher biological activity 172:197 higher biological activity 172:197 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 12 theme composite 633:641 arg1 gels 643:646 all the Col/COS composite gels 617:646 all the Col/COS composite gels 617:646 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 13 theme gene 718:721 arg1 expression 723:732 bone related gene expression 705:732 bone related gene expression 705:732 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 13 theme gene 718:721 arg1 s 685:685 MC3T3-E1 s 676:685 MC3T3-E1 s 676:685 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 14 theme composite 907:915 arg1 gel 917:919 the composite gel 903:919 the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 903:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 15 theme gene 521:524 arg1 expression 526:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 15 theme gene 521:524 arg1 cells 462:466 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 16 theme related 1076:1082 arg1 expression 1100:1109 related osteogenic gene expression 1076:1109 related osteogenic gene expression 1076:1109 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 17 theme composite 815:823 arg1 groups 834:839 the composite hydrogel groups 811:839 the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 811:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 18 theme study.The 420:428 arg1 effect 430:435 this study.The effect 415:435 this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 415:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 19 theme gel 917:919 arg1 effect 893:898 COS.The effect 885:898 COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 885:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 20 theme hydrogel 825:832 arg1 groups 834:839 the composite hydrogel groups 811:839 the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 811:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 21 theme Col 356:358 arg1 series 346:351 a series 344:351 a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn) 344:395 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 22 dep cells 462:466 arg1 proliferation 468:480 proliferation 468:480 proliferation 468:480 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 22 dep cells 462:466 arg1 expression 526:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 22 dep cells 462:466 arg1 differentiation 482:496 differentiation 482:496 differentiation 482:496 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 22 dep cells 462:466 arg1 cells 462:466 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 23 theme osteogenic 1084:1093 arg1 expression 1100:1109 related osteogenic gene expression 1076:1109 related osteogenic gene expression 1076:1109 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 24 theme composite 440:448 arg1 hydrogel 450:457 composite hydrogel 440:457 composite hydrogel 440:457 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 0 25 theme Composite 41:49 arg1 Gels 51:54 Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels 11:54 Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels 11:54 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation]. 29709149 1 26 theme gene 1095:1098 arg1 expression 1100:1109 related osteogenic gene expression 1076:1109 related osteogenic gene expression 1076:1109 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 27 theme hydrogel 450:457 arg1 effect 430:435 this study.The effect 415:435 this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 415:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 28 theme pre-osteoblast 554:567 arg1 s.The 578:582 pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The 554:582 pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 554:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 0 29 theme Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen 11:39 arg1 Gels 51:54 Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels 11:54 Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels 11:54 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation]. 29709149 1 30 theme biological 298:307 arg1 properties 309:318 the excellent biological properties 284:318 the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS 284:342 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 31 theme MC3T3-E1 569:576 arg1 s.The 578:582 pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The 554:582 pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 554:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 32 dep groups 1034:1039 arg1 best 1166:1169 best 1166:1169 best 1166:1169 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 32 dep groups 1034:1039 arg1 gel 1125:1127 the composite gel 1111:1127 the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5) 1111:1157 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 33 theme COS 364:366 arg1 Col/COSn 387:394 Col/COSn 387:394 Col/COSn 387:394 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 33 theme COS 364:366 arg1 hydrogel 378:385 COS composite hydrogel 364:385 COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn) 364:395 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 34 theme different 846:854 arg1 degrees 856:862 different degrees 846:862 different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 846:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 0 35 theme Gels 51:54 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 0:100 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation]. 29709149 1 36 theme composite 1115:1123 arg1 gel 1125:1127 the composite gel 1111:1127 the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5) 1111:1157 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 36 theme composite 1115:1123 arg1 best 1166:1169 best 1166:1169 best 1166:1169 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 37 theme pure 754:757 arg1 gels.And 763:770 pure Col gels.And 754:770 pure Col gels.And 754:770 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 38 theme composite 368:376 arg1 Col/COSn 387:394 Col/COSn 387:394 Col/COSn 387:394 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 38 theme composite 368:376 arg1 hydrogel 378:385 COS composite hydrogel 364:385 COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn) 364:395 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 39 theme human 224:228 arg1 body 230:233 human body 224:233 human body 224:233 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 0 40 theme MC3T3-E1s 76:84 arg1 Differentiation 86:100 Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 59:100 Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 59:100 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation]. 29709149 1 41 theme collagen 323:330 arg1 properties 309:318 the excellent biological properties 284:318 the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS 284:342 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 42 theme Col 759:761 arg1 gels.And 763:770 pure Col gels.And 754:770 pure Col gels.And 754:770 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 43 theme hydrogel 378:385 arg1 series 346:351 a series 344:351 a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn) 344:395 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 44 dep cells 984:988 arg1 better 1008:1013 better 1008:1013 better 1008:1013 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 45 with groups 834:839 arg1 degrees 856:862 different degrees 846:862 different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 846:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 0 46 theme Pre-osteoblastic 59:74 arg1 Differentiation 86:100 Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 59:100 Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation 59:100 [Effect of Chit-oligosaccharide/Collagen Composite Gels on Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1s Differentiation]. 29709149 1 47 theme polymerization 867:880 arg1 degrees 856:862 different degrees 846:862 different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 846:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 48 theme low-molecular 134:146 arg1 Chit-oligosaccharide 104:123 Chit-oligosaccharide 104:123 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS) 104:128 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 48 theme low-molecular 134:146 arg1 mass 162:165 a low-molecular,water-soluble mass 132:165 mass 162:165 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 49 theme experimental 584:595 arg1 results 597:603 experimental results 584:603 experimental results 584:603 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg2 COS4 951:954 COS4 951:954 COS4 951:954 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg2 gel 917:919 the composite gel 903:919 the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 903:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg2 chitotetraose 937:949 chitotetraose 937:949 chitotetraose(COS4) 937:955 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg2 chitohexaose 959:970 chitohexaose 959:970 chitohexaose(COS6) 959:976 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg1 gel 917:919 the composite gel 903:919 the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 903:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg2 COS6 972:975 COS6 972:975 COS6 972:975 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 50 contain contained 927:935 arg1 cells 984:988 the cells 980:988 the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 980:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 51 from effect 430:435 arg1 proliferation 468:480 proliferation 468:480 proliferation 468:480 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 51 from effect 430:435 arg1 cells 462:466 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 51 from effect 430:435 arg1 differentiation 482:496 differentiation 482:496 differentiation 482:496 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 51 from effect 430:435 arg1 expression 526:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 52 theme COS.The 885:891 arg1 effect 893:898 COS.The effect 885:898 COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 885:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 53 theme water-soluble 148:160 arg1 Chit-oligosaccharide 104:123 Chit-oligosaccharide 104:123 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS) 104:128 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 53 theme water-soluble 148:160 arg1 mass 162:165 a low-molecular,water-soluble mass 132:165 mass 162:165 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 54 theme other 1028:1032 arg1 groups 1034:1039 other groups 1028:1039 other groups 1028:1039 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 55 theme effect 893:898 arg1 polymerization 867:880 polymerization 867:880 polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 867:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 56 dep s.The 578:582 arg1 showed 605:610 showed 605:610 showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups 605:1187 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 57 theme MC3T3-E1 676:683 arg1 expression 723:732 bone related gene expression 705:732 bone related gene expression 705:732 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 57 theme MC3T3-E1 676:683 arg1 proliferation 687:699 proliferation 687:699 proliferation 687:699 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 57 theme MC3T3-E1 676:683 arg1 s 685:685 MC3T3-E1 s 676:685 MC3T3-E1 s 676:685 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 58 theme related 502:508 arg1 expression 526:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 related osteogenic gene expression 502:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 29709149 1 58 theme related 502:508 arg1 cells 462:466 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression 462:535 Chit-oligosaccharide(COS)is a low-molecular,water-soluble mass with higher biological activity,which can be absorbed by human body easily and interact with cells directly.Based on the excellent biological properties of collagen(Col)and COS,a series of Col and COS composite hydrogel(Col/COSn)was constructed in this study.The effect of composite hydrogel on cells proliferation,differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression was evaluated on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 s.The experimental results showed that all the Col/COS composite gels could promote the growth of MC3T3-E1 s,proliferation and bone related gene expression compared to that of pure Col gels.And there was significant difference among the composite hydrogel groups with different degrees of polymerization of COS.The effect of the composite gel which contained chitotetraose(COS4)or chitohexaose(COS6)on the cells proliferation was better than that of other groups,while on cells differentiation and related osteogenic gene expression the composite gel contained chitopentaose(COS5)was the best in all the groups. 26481987 1 0 theme investigated 321:332 arg1 samples 344:350 the investigated composite samples 317:350 the investigated composite samples 317:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 5 1 theme millimolar 1235:1244 arg1 levels 1260:1265 millimolar concentration levels 1235:1265 millimolar concentration levels 1235:1265 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 4 2 theme aqueous 1106:1112 arg1 systems 1114:1120 the aqueous systems 1102:1120 the aqueous systems 1102:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 0 3 theme sugar 72:76 arg1 concentrations 54:67 low concentrations 50:67 low concentrations of sugar 50:76 Water revealed as molecular mirror when measuring low concentrations of sugar with near infrared light. 26481987 1 4 theme composite 334:342 arg1 samples 344:350 the investigated composite samples 317:350 the investigated composite samples 317:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 2 5 theme molecular 611:619 arg1 vibrations 621:630 specific molecular vibrations 602:630 specific molecular vibrations at water bands 602:645 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 2 5 theme molecular 611:619 arg1 changes 537:543 changes 537:543 changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute 537:597 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 0 6 theme infrared 88:95 arg1 light 97:101 near infrared light 83:101 near infrared light 83:101 Water revealed as molecular mirror when measuring low concentrations of sugar with near infrared light. 26481987 1 7 theme samples 344:350 arg1 mass 309:312 the total mass 299:312 the total mass of the investigated composite samples 299:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 2 8 theme specific 602:609 arg1 vibrations 621:630 specific molecular vibrations 602:630 specific molecular vibrations at water bands 602:645 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 2 8 theme specific 602:609 arg1 changes 537:543 changes 537:543 changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute 537:597 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 3 9 theme near 864:867 arg1 spectroscopy 878:889 near infrared spectroscopy 864:889 near infrared spectroscopy 864:889 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 0 10 theme near 83:86 arg1 light 97:101 near infrared light 83:101 near infrared light 83:101 Water revealed as molecular mirror when measuring low concentrations of sugar with near infrared light. 26481987 5 11 theme accurate 1153:1160 arg1 alternative 1162:1172 quick and accurate alternative 1143:1172 quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides 1143:1225 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 4 12 theme solutes 1091:1097 arg1 changes 1076:1082 minute changes 1069:1082 minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 1069:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 3 13 theme infrared 869:876 arg1 spectroscopy 878:889 near infrared spectroscopy 864:889 near infrared spectroscopy 864:889 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 4 14 dep concept 978:984 arg1 mirror 971:976 mirror 971:976 mirror 971:976 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 3 15 theme mono- 765:769 arg1 solutes 789:795 mono- and di-saccharide solutes 765:795 mono- and di-saccharide solutes 765:795 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 4 16 theme related 1017:1023 arg1 changes 1009:1015 spectral changes 1000:1015 spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 1000:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 5 17 theme analytical 1188:1197 arg1 measurements 1199:1210 classical analytical measurements 1178:1210 classical analytical measurements of saccharides 1178:1225 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 4 18 from changes 1076:1082 arg1 systems 1114:1120 the aqueous systems 1102:1120 the aqueous systems 1102:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 3 19 theme 100-0.02 mM 800:810 arg1 unachievable 846:857 unachievable 846:857 unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy 846:889 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 3 19 theme 100-0.02 mM 800:810 arg1 concentration 812:824 100-0.02 mM concentration 800:824 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy 800:889 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 2 20 theme conventional 462:473 arg1 methods 491:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 5 21 theme classical 1178:1186 arg1 measurements 1199:1210 classical analytical measurements 1178:1210 classical analytical measurements of saccharides 1178:1225 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 2 22 theme water 635:639 arg1 bands 641:645 water bands 635:645 water bands 635:645 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 5 23 theme concentration 1246:1258 arg1 levels 1260:1265 millimolar concentration levels 1235:1265 millimolar concentration levels 1235:1265 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 1 24 theme quick 173:177 arg1 method 199:204 a quick and non-destructive method 171:204 a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples 171:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 3 25 theme solutes 789:795 arg1 quantification 747:760 quantification 747:760 quantification 747:760 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 3 25 theme solutes 789:795 arg1 identification 728:741 identification 728:741 identification 728:741 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 1 26 theme non-destructive 183:197 arg1 method 199:204 a quick and non-destructive method 171:204 a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples 171:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 2 27 theme structure 558:566 arg1 vibrations 621:630 specific molecular vibrations 602:630 specific molecular vibrations at water bands 602:645 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 2 27 theme structure 558:566 arg1 changes 537:543 changes 537:543 changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute 537:597 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 3 28 theme near 654:657 arg1 technique 668:676 near infrared technique 654:676 near infrared technique 654:676 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 4 29 theme minute 1069:1074 arg1 changes 1076:1082 minute changes 1069:1082 minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 1069:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 3 30 theme di-saccharide 775:787 arg1 solutes 789:795 mono- and di-saccharide solutes 765:795 mono- and di-saccharide solutes 765:795 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 2 31 theme water 552:556 arg1 structure 558:566 the water structure 548:566 the water structure induced by the measured solute 548:597 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 3 32 theme infrared 659:666 arg1 technique 668:676 near infrared technique 654:676 near infrared technique 654:676 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 5 33 theme quick 1143:1147 arg1 alternative 1162:1172 quick and accurate alternative 1143:1172 quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides 1143:1225 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 2 34 theme information 413:423 arg1 disentanglement 394:408 disentanglement 394:408 disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands 394:645 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 0 35 theme low 50:52 arg1 concentrations 54:67 low concentrations 50:67 low concentrations of sugar 50:76 Water revealed as molecular mirror when measuring low concentrations of sugar with near infrared light. 26481987 1 36 theme total 303:307 arg1 mass 309:312 the total mass 299:312 the total mass of the investigated composite samples 299:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 4 37 theme water 1028:1032 arg1 rearrangements 1044:1057 water molecular rearrangements 1028:1057 water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 1028:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 1 38 theme Near 104:107 arg1 spectroscopy 118:129 Near infrared spectroscopy 104:129 Near infrared spectroscopy 104:129 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 1 38 theme Near 104:107 arg1 spectroscopy 146:157 an overtone spectroscopy 134:157 an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples 134:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 2 39 theme data 475:478 arg1 methods 491:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 1 40 theme mass 309:312 arg1 % 286:286 approximately 1% 271:286 approximately 1% 271:286 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 1 40 theme mass 309:312 arg1 mass 309:312 the total mass 299:312 the total mass of the investigated composite samples 299:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 2 41 theme measured 583:590 arg1 solute 592:597 the measured solute 579:597 the measured solute 579:597 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 2 42 used used 503:506 arg2 methods 491:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 1 43 theme infrared 109:116 arg1 spectroscopy 118:129 Near infrared spectroscopy 104:129 Near infrared spectroscopy 104:129 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 1 43 theme infrared 109:116 arg1 spectroscopy 146:157 an overtone spectroscopy 134:157 an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples 134:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 2 44 from bands 641:645 arg1 vibrations 621:630 specific molecular vibrations 602:630 specific molecular vibrations at water bands 602:645 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 2 44 from bands 641:645 arg1 changes 537:543 changes 537:543 changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute 537:597 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 4 45 theme molecular 961:969 arg1 concept 978:984 the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept 936:984 the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 936:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 0 46 dep molecular 18:26 arg1 mirror 28:33 mirror 28:33 mirror 28:33 Water revealed as molecular mirror when measuring low concentrations of sugar with near infrared light. 26481987 1 47 theme analytical 220:229 arg1 solutions 231:239 analytical solutions 220:239 analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples 220:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 4 48 theme water 955:959 arg1 concept 978:984 the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept 936:984 the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 936:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 4 49 theme molecular 1034:1042 arg1 rearrangements 1044:1057 water molecular rearrangements 1028:1057 water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 1028:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 26481987 5 50 theme saccharides 1215:1225 arg1 measurements 1199:1210 classical analytical measurements 1178:1210 classical analytical measurements of saccharides 1178:1225 The method provides quick and accurate alternative for classical analytical measurements of saccharides even at millimolar concentration levels. 26481987 2 51 theme evaluation 480:489 arg1 methods 491:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 conventional data evaluation methods 462:497 Aquaphotomics offers the possibility for disentanglement of information remaining hidden in the spectra when conventional data evaluation methods are used, since this concept utilizes changes of the water structure induced by the measured solute as specific molecular vibrations at water bands. 26481987 3 52 theme non-destructive 712:726 arg1 identification 728:741 identification 728:741 identification 728:741 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 3 53 with unachievable 846:857 arg1 spectroscopy 878:889 near infrared spectroscopy 864:889 near infrared spectroscopy 864:889 Here, near infrared technique and aquaphotomics are applied for non-destructive identification and quantification of mono- and di-saccharide solutes at 100-0.02 mM concentration that is accepted as unachievable with near infrared spectroscopy. 26481987 1 54 theme overtone 137:144 arg1 spectroscopy 118:129 Near infrared spectroscopy 104:129 Near infrared spectroscopy 104:129 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 1 54 theme overtone 137:144 arg1 spectroscopy 146:157 an overtone spectroscopy 134:157 an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples 134:350 Near infrared spectroscopy is an overtone spectroscopy regarded as a quick and non-destructive method that provides analytical solutions for components that represent approximately 1% or more of the total mass of the investigated composite samples. 26481987 4 55 theme spectral 1000:1007 arg1 changes 1009:1015 spectral changes 1000:1015 spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems 1000:1120 The results presented in this study support the aquaphotomics' water molecular mirror concept that explores spectral changes related to water molecular rearrangements caused by minute changes of the solutes in the aqueous systems. 28976925 0 0 theme Microbiome 76:85 arg1 Consortium 47:56 a Consortium 45:56 a Consortium of the Infant Gut Microbiome 45:85 Prebiotics Mediate Microbial Interactions in a Consortium of the Infant Gut Microbiome. 28976925 12 1 theme only 1083:1086 arg1 infantis 1066:1073 B. infantis 1063:1073 B. infantis 1063:1073 While FOS was rapidly consumed by the consortium, B. infantis was the only microbe displaying significant consumption of 2FL. 28976925 12 1 theme only 1083:1086 arg1 microbe 1088:1094 the only microbe 1079:1094 the only microbe displaying significant consumption of 2FL 1079:1136 While FOS was rapidly consumed by the consortium, B. infantis was the only microbe displaying significant consumption of 2FL. 28976925 6 2 theme Bifidobacterium 632:646 arg1 subsp 655:659 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 632:659 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 632:659 A consortium containing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 28976925 11 3 theme interaction 939:949 arg1 coefficients 951:962 interaction coefficients 939:962 interaction coefficients 939:962 Besides, interaction coefficients indicated strong competition, especially on FOS. 28976925 0 4 theme Gut 72:74 arg1 Microbiome 76:85 the Infant Gut Microbiome 61:85 the Infant Gut Microbiome 61:85 Prebiotics Mediate Microbial Interactions in a Consortium of the Infant Gut Microbiome. 28976925 4 5 theme dietary 509:515 arg1 substrates 517:526 dietary substrates 509:526 dietary substrates 509:526 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 5 6 theme gut 592:594 arg1 parameters 596:605 certain infant gut parameters 577:605 certain infant gut parameters 577:605 First, we optimized a culture medium resembling certain infant gut parameters. 28976925 15 7 theme infant 1510:1515 arg1 species 1521:1527 infant gut species 1510:1527 infant gut species 1510:1527 This study indicates that the chemical nature of prebiotics modulate microbial interactions in a consortium of infant gut species. 28976925 13 8 theme Acid 1139:1142 arg1 production 1144:1153 Acid production 1139:1153 Acid production by the consortium 1139:1171 Acid production by the consortium resembled the metabolism of microorganisms dominating growth in each substrate. 28976925 3 9 from influence 264:272 arg1 interactions 301:312 microbial interactions 291:312 microbial interactions 291:312 The influence of prebiotics on microbial interactions is not well understood. 28976925 10 10 from growth 880:885 arg1 2FL 890:892 2FL 890:892 2FL 890:892 vulgatus dominated growth on 2FL, their combined growth was reduced. 28976925 14 11 theme substrate 1376:1384 arg1 consumption 1386:1396 substrate consumption 1376:1396 substrate consumption 1376:1396 Finally, the consortium was tested in a bioreactor, observing similar predominance but more pronounced acid production and substrate consumption. 28976925 14 12 dep predominance 1323:1334 arg1 similar 1315:1321 similar 1315:1321 similar 1315:1321 Finally, the consortium was tested in a bioreactor, observing similar predominance but more pronounced acid production and substrate consumption. 28976925 15 13 theme microbial 1468:1476 arg1 interactions 1478:1489 microbial interactions 1468:1489 microbial interactions 1468:1489 This study indicates that the chemical nature of prebiotics modulate microbial interactions in a consortium of infant gut species. 28976925 4 14 theme prebiotics 381:390 arg1 transformation 363:376 the transformation 359:376 the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome 359:466 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 4 15 dep investigated 346:357 arg1 changed 496:502 changed 496:502 changed with dietary substrates 496:526 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 14 16 theme acid 1356:1359 arg1 production 1361:1370 similar predominance but more pronounced acid production 1315:1370 similar predominance but more pronounced acid production 1315:1370 Finally, the consortium was tested in a bioreactor, observing similar predominance but more pronounced acid production and substrate consumption. 28976925 5 17 theme certain 577:583 arg1 parameters 596:605 certain infant gut parameters 577:605 certain infant gut parameters 577:605 First, we optimized a culture medium resembling certain infant gut parameters. 28976925 5 18 theme infant 585:590 arg1 parameters 596:605 certain infant gut parameters 577:605 certain infant gut parameters 577:605 First, we optimized a culture medium resembling certain infant gut parameters. 28976925 0 19 theme Microbial 19:27 arg1 Interactions 29:40 Microbial Interactions 19:40 Microbial Interactions 19:40 Prebiotics Mediate Microbial Interactions in a Consortium of the Infant Gut Microbiome. 28976925 2 20 dep Milk 145:148 arg1 oligosaccharides 161:176 oligosaccharides 161:176 oligosaccharides 161:176 Milk or formula oligosaccharides act as prebiotics, bioactives that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes. 28976925 4 21 theme infant 446:451 arg1 microbiome 457:466 the infant gut microbiome 442:466 the infant gut microbiome 442:466 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 11 22 theme strong 974:979 arg1 competition 981:991 strong competition 974:991 strong competition 974:991 Besides, interaction coefficients indicated strong competition, especially on FOS. 28976925 12 23 theme significant 1107:1117 arg1 consumption 1119:1129 significant consumption 1107:1129 significant consumption of 2FL 1107:1136 While FOS was rapidly consumed by the consortium, B. infantis was the only microbe displaying significant consumption of 2FL. 28976925 4 24 theme microbiome 457:466 arg1 species 431:437 four representative species 411:437 four representative species of the infant gut microbiome 411:466 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 12 25 theme 2FL 1134:1136 arg1 consumption 1119:1129 significant consumption 1107:1129 significant consumption of 2FL 1107:1136 While FOS was rapidly consumed by the consortium, B. infantis was the only microbe displaying significant consumption of 2FL. 28976925 15 26 theme prebiotics 1448:1457 arg1 nature 1438:1443 the chemical nature 1425:1443 the chemical nature of prebiotics 1425:1457 This study indicates that the chemical nature of prebiotics modulate microbial interactions in a consortium of infant gut species. 28976925 3 27 theme microbial 291:299 arg1 interactions 301:312 microbial interactions 291:312 microbial interactions 291:312 The influence of prebiotics on microbial interactions is not well understood. 28976925 4 28 theme gut 453:455 arg1 microbiome 457:466 the infant gut microbiome 442:466 the infant gut microbiome 442:466 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 1 29 theme gut 107:109 arg1 microbiome 111:120 the gut microbiome 103:120 the gut microbiome 103:120 Composition of the gut microbiome is influenced by diet. 28976925 15 30 theme chemical 1429:1436 arg1 nature 1438:1443 the chemical nature 1425:1443 the chemical nature of prebiotics 1425:1457 This study indicates that the chemical nature of prebiotics modulate microbial interactions in a consortium of infant gut species. 28976925 4 31 theme representative 416:429 arg1 species 431:437 four representative species 411:437 four representative species of the infant gut microbiome 411:466 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 13 32 theme microorganisms 1201:1214 arg1 metabolism 1187:1196 the metabolism 1183:1196 the metabolism of microorganisms dominating growth in each substrate 1183:1250 Acid production by the consortium resembled the metabolism of microorganisms dominating growth in each substrate. 28976925 1 33 theme microbiome 111:120 arg1 Composition 88:98 Composition 88:98 Composition of the gut microbiome 88:120 Composition of the gut microbiome is influenced by diet. 28976925 3 34 theme prebiotics 277:286 arg1 influence 264:272 The influence 260:272 The influence of prebiotics on microbial interactions 260:312 The influence of prebiotics on microbial interactions is not well understood. 28976925 2 35 theme microbes 250:257 arg1 growth 225:230 the growth 221:230 the growth of beneficial gut microbes 221:257 Milk or formula oligosaccharides act as prebiotics, bioactives that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes. 28976925 5 36 theme culture 551:557 arg1 medium 559:564 a culture medium 549:564 a culture medium resembling certain infant gut parameters 549:605 First, we optimized a culture medium resembling certain infant gut parameters. 28976925 6 37 dep Bifidobacterium 632:646 arg1 longum 648:653 longum 648:653 longum 648:653 A consortium containing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 28976925 2 38 theme gut 246:248 arg1 microbes 250:257 beneficial gut microbes 235:257 beneficial gut microbes 235:257 Milk or formula oligosaccharides act as prebiotics, bioactives that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes. 28976925 0 39 theme Infant 65:70 arg1 Microbiome 76:85 the Infant Gut Microbiome 61:85 the Infant Gut Microbiome 61:85 Prebiotics Mediate Microbial Interactions in a Consortium of the Infant Gut Microbiome. 28976925 4 40 theme species 431:437 arg1 consortium 397:406 a consortium 395:406 a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome 395:466 Here we investigated the transformation of prebiotics by a consortium of four representative species of the infant gut microbiome, and how their interactions changed with dietary substrates. 28976925 2 41 theme beneficial 235:244 arg1 microbes 250:257 beneficial gut microbes 235:257 beneficial gut microbes 235:257 Milk or formula oligosaccharides act as prebiotics, bioactives that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes. 28976925 10 42 theme combined 901:908 arg1 growth 910:915 their combined growth 895:915 their combined growth 895:915 vulgatus dominated growth on 2FL, their combined growth was reduced. 28976925 15 43 theme gut 1517:1519 arg1 species 1521:1527 infant gut species 1510:1527 infant gut species 1510:1527 This study indicates that the chemical nature of prebiotics modulate microbial interactions in a consortium of infant gut species. 28976925 14 44 theme predominance 1323:1334 arg1 production 1361:1370 similar predominance but more pronounced acid production 1315:1370 similar predominance but more pronounced acid production 1315:1370 Finally, the consortium was tested in a bioreactor, observing similar predominance but more pronounced acid production and substrate consumption. 28976925 14 45 theme pronounced 1345:1354 arg1 production 1361:1370 similar predominance but more pronounced acid production 1315:1370 similar predominance but more pronounced acid production 1315:1370 Finally, the consortium was tested in a bioreactor, observing similar predominance but more pronounced acid production and substrate consumption. 28976925 15 46 theme species 1521:1527 arg1 consortium 1496:1505 a consortium 1494:1505 a consortium of infant gut species 1494:1527 This study indicates that the chemical nature of prebiotics modulate microbial interactions in a consortium of infant gut species. 26505389 5 0 theme reverse 710:716 arg1 reaction 749:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 9 1 theme NP 1325:1326 arg1 cells 1328:1332 patient-specific NP cells 1308:1332 patient-specific NP cells 1308:1332 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 7 2 theme glycosaminoglycan 1094:1110 arg1 content 1112:1118 the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content 1074:1118 content 1112:1118 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 5 3 theme biochemical 793:803 arg1 composition 805:815 biochemical composition 793:815 biochemical composition 793:815 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 9 4 theme high 1389:1392 arg1 efficiency 1394:1403 high efficiency 1389:1403 high efficiency 1389:1403 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 5 5 theme transcription 718:730 arg1 reaction 749:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 8 6 theme iPS 1191:1193 arg1 cells 1195:1199 cultured mouse iPS cells 1176:1199 cultured mouse iPS cells 1176:1199 We have shown that cultured mouse iPS cells can be induced to differentiate into NP cells. 26505389 6 7 theme aggrecan 954:961 arg1 levels 917:922 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 levels 917:922 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 6 7 theme aggrecan 954:961 arg1 protein 889:895 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 protein 889:895 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 0 8 theme nucleus 93:99 arg1 cells 110:114 mouse nucleus pulposus cells 87:114 mouse nucleus pulposus cells 87:114 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 4 9 theme cell 461:464 arg1 pellet 466:471 The cell pellet 457:471 The cell pellet 457:471 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 4 10 theme modified 535:542 arg1 medium 552:557 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium 524:557 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix 524:666 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 0 11 theme mouse 87:91 arg1 cells 110:114 mouse nucleus pulposus cells 87:114 mouse nucleus pulposus cells 87:114 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 7 12 theme NP 1127:1128 arg1 cells 1130:1134 the NP cells 1123:1134 the NP cells 1123:1134 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 1 13 theme -like 238:242 arg1 cells 244:248 nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells 217:248 nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice 217:256 We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. 26505389 3 14 used used 314:317 arg2 We 311:312 We 311:312 We 311:312 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 1 15 theme induced 158:164 arg1 cells 189:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. 26505389 0 16 theme pulposus 101:108 arg1 cells 110:114 mouse nucleus pulposus cells 87:114 mouse nucleus pulposus cells 87:114 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 6 17 theme NP 856:857 arg1 cells 859:863 NP cells 856:863 NP cells 856:863 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 5 18 theme polymerase 732:741 arg1 reaction 749:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 9 19 theme straightforward 1361:1375 arg1 manner 1377:1382 a relatively simple and straightforward manner 1337:1382 a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency 1337:1403 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 1 20 theme pluripotent 166:176 arg1 cells 189:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. 26505389 5 21 theme immunohistochemical 759:777 arg1 staining 779:786 immunohistochemical staining 759:786 immunohistochemical staining 759:786 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 1 22 from cells 244:248 arg1 mice 253:256 mice 253:256 mice 253:256 We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. 26505389 6 23 theme collagen 941:948 arg1 levels 917:922 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 levels 917:922 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 6 23 theme collagen 941:948 arg1 protein 889:895 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 protein 889:895 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 1 24 theme stem 178:181 arg1 cells 189:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. 26505389 9 25 theme patient-specific 1308:1323 arg1 cells 1328:1332 patient-specific NP cells 1308:1332 patient-specific NP cells 1308:1332 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 4 26 theme cell 495:498 arg1 medium 506:511 an NP cell basal medium 489:511 an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix 489:666 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 3 27 with model 336:340 arg1 aim 351:353 the aim 347:353 the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) 347:454 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 6 28 theme iPS 841:843 arg1 cells 845:849 iPS cells 841:849 iPS cells 841:849 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 3 29 theme culture 328:334 arg1 model 336:340 a pellet culture model 319:340 a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) 319:454 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 4 30 theme NP 492:493 arg1 medium 506:511 an NP cell basal medium 489:511 an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix 489:666 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 7 31 theme blue 1042:1045 arg1 staining 1047:1054 dimethylmethylene blue staining 1024:1054 dimethylmethylene blue staining 1024:1054 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 8 32 theme mouse 1185:1189 arg1 cells 1195:1199 cultured mouse iPS cells 1176:1199 cultured mouse iPS cells 1176:1199 We have shown that cultured mouse iPS cells can be induced to differentiate into NP cells. 26505389 9 33 theme simple 1350:1355 arg1 manner 1377:1382 a relatively simple and straightforward manner 1337:1382 a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency 1337:1403 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 3 34 theme intervertebral 417:430 arg1 IVD 451:453 IVD 451:453 IVD 451:453 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 3 34 theme intervertebral 417:430 arg1 degeneration 437:448 intervertebral disc degeneration 417:448 intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) 417:454 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 6 35 theme proteoglycan 927:938 arg1 levels 917:922 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 levels 917:922 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 6 35 theme proteoglycan 927:938 arg1 protein 889:895 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 protein 889:895 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 6 36 theme cells 845:849 arg1 differentiation 822:836 The differentiation 818:836 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells 818:863 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 2 37 theme iPS 259:261 arg1 cells 263:267 iPS cells 259:267 iPS cells 259:267 iPS cells were generated from tail-tip fibroblasts. 26505389 3 38 theme disc 432:435 arg1 IVD 451:453 IVD 451:453 IVD 451:453 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 3 38 theme disc 432:435 arg1 degeneration 437:448 intervertebral disc degeneration 417:448 intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) 417:454 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 0 39 theme induced 34:40 arg1 cells 59:63 induced pluripotent stem cells 34:63 induced pluripotent stem cells 34:63 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 4 40 theme basal 500:504 arg1 medium 506:511 an NP cell basal medium 489:511 an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix 489:666 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 4 41 theme factor 597:602 arg1 beta 604:607 transforming growth factor beta 1 577:609 transforming growth factor beta 1 577:609 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 9 42 theme Such 1248:1251 arg1 proof-of-concept 1253:1268 Such proof-of-concept 1248:1268 Such proof-of-concept 1248:1268 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 3 43 theme therapy 406:412 arg1 applicability 374:386 the applicability 370:386 the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) 370:454 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 5 44 theme chain 743:747 arg1 reaction 749:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 7 45 from II 1087:1088 arg1 cells 1130:1134 the NP cells 1123:1134 the NP cells 1123:1134 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 7 46 theme dimethylmethylene 1024:1040 arg1 staining 1047:1054 dimethylmethylene blue staining 1024:1054 dimethylmethylene blue staining 1024:1054 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 0 47 theme potential 21:29 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells 0:63 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 4 48 theme growth 590:595 arg1 beta 604:607 transforming growth factor beta 1 577:609 transforming growth factor beta 1 577:609 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 0 49 theme stem 54:57 arg1 cells 59:63 induced pluripotent stem cells 34:63 induced pluripotent stem cells 34:63 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 6 50 theme expression 906:915 arg1 levels 917:922 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 levels 917:922 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 7 51 theme hydroxyproline 997:1010 arg1 content 1012:1018 increased hydroxyproline content 987:1018 increased hydroxyproline content 987:1018 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 5 52 theme quantitative 697:708 arg1 reaction 749:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 697:756 The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. 26505389 4 53 theme % 655:655 arg1 ITS-Premix 657:666 1% ITS-Premix 654:666 1% ITS-Premix 654:666 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 0 54 theme pluripotent 42:52 arg1 cells 59:63 induced pluripotent stem cells 34:63 induced pluripotent stem cells 34:63 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 6 55 theme mRNA 901:904 arg1 levels 917:922 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 levels 917:922 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 10 56 theme disease 1488:1494 arg1 study 1475:1479 the study 1471:1479 the study of IVD disease 1471:1494 We are confident that such cells could be immediately useful for the study of IVD disease. 26505389 7 57 theme collagen 1078:1085 arg1 II 1087:1088 the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content 1074:1118 II 1087:1088 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 8 58 theme cultured 1176:1183 arg1 cells 1195:1199 cultured mouse iPS cells 1176:1199 cultured mouse iPS cells 1176:1199 We have shown that cultured mouse iPS cells can be induced to differentiate into NP cells. 26505389 4 59 theme 1 654:654 arg1 % 655:655 % 655:655 % 655:655 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 7 60 from content 1112:1118 arg1 cells 1130:1134 the NP cells 1123:1134 the NP cells 1123:1134 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 10 61 theme IVD 1484:1486 arg1 disease 1488:1494 IVD disease 1484:1494 IVD disease 1484:1494 We are confident that such cells could be immediately useful for the study of IVD disease. 26505389 2 62 theme tail-tip 289:296 arg1 fibroblasts 298:308 tail-tip fibroblasts 289:308 tail-tip fibroblasts 289:308 iPS cells were generated from tail-tip fibroblasts. 26505389 7 63 theme increased 987:995 arg1 content 1012:1018 increased hydroxyproline content 987:1018 increased hydroxyproline content 987:1018 Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. 26505389 9 64 with manner 1377:1382 arg1 efficiency 1394:1403 high efficiency 1389:1403 high efficiency 1389:1403 Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. 26505389 4 65 theme Eagle 544:548 arg1 medium 552:557 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium 524:557 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix 524:666 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 8 66 theme NP 1238:1239 arg1 cells 1241:1245 NP cells 1238:1245 NP cells 1238:1245 We have shown that cultured mouse iPS cells can be induced to differentiate into NP cells. 26505389 1 67 theme iPS 184:186 arg1 cells 189:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 158:193 We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. 26505389 3 68 theme cell-based 395:404 arg1 therapy 406:412 iPS cell-based therapy 391:412 iPS cell-based therapy 391:412 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26505389 6 69 theme CD24 968:971 arg1 levels 917:922 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 levels 917:922 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 6 69 theme CD24 968:971 arg1 protein 889:895 the protein and mRNA expression levels 885:922 protein 889:895 The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. 26505389 0 70 theme cells 59:63 arg1 potential 21:29 the potential 17:29 the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells 17:63 Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. 26505389 4 71 theme transforming 577:588 arg1 beta 604:607 transforming growth factor beta 1 577:609 transforming growth factor beta 1 577:609 The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. 26505389 10 72 theme such 1428:1431 arg1 cells 1433:1437 such cells 1428:1437 such cells 1428:1437 We are confident that such cells could be immediately useful for the study of IVD disease. 26505389 3 73 theme pellet 321:326 arg1 model 336:340 a pellet culture model 319:340 a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) 319:454 We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). 26695276 10 0 theme better 1387:1392 arg1 performance 1394:1404 better performance 1387:1404 better performance than traditional SPR biosensor 1387:1435 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 10 1 theme traditional 1289:1299 arg1 biosensor 1301:1309 traditional biosensor 1289:1309 traditional biosensor 1289:1309 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 1 2 theme resonance 152:160 arg1 biosensor 168:176 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor 128:176 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 128:217 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 7 3 theme Schiff 882:887 arg1 reaction 896:903 Schiff alkali reaction 882:903 Schiff alkali reaction 882:903 Moreover, antibody can be immobilized on Au film with aldehyde groups via Schiff alkali reaction. 26695276 1 4 theme IgG 244:246 arg1 detection 248:256 mouse IgG detection 238:256 mouse IgG detection 238:256 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 9 5 theme concentration 1127:1139 arg1 range 1141:1145 the concentration range 1123:1145 the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1) 1123:1169 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 10 6 theme more 1366:1369 arg1 sensitivity 1371:1381 more sensitivity 1366:1381 more sensitivity 1366:1381 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 6 7 theme electronic 630:639 arg1 coupling 641:648 The electronic coupling 626:648 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave 626:695 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 10 8 theme quantification 1185:1198 arg1 limit 1176:1180 The limit 1172:1180 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate 1172:1259 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 10 8 theme quantification 1185:1198 arg1 times 1272:1276 times 1272:1276 times 1272:1276 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 8 9 theme mL 1024:1025 arg1 range 1001:1005 the concentration range 983:1005 the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1) 983:1029 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 3 10 theme transmission 371:382 arg1 TEM 405:407 TEM 405:407 TEM 405:407 They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis adsorption spectrum. 26695276 3 10 theme transmission 371:382 arg1 microscopy 393:402 transmission electron microscopy 371:402 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 371:408 They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis adsorption spectrum. 26695276 8 11 theme μg 1021:1022 arg1 -1 1027:1028 -1 1027:1028 -1 1027:1028 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 8 11 theme μg 1021:1022 arg1 mL 1024:1025 2.50-40.00 μg mL 1010:1025 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1) 1010:1029 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 10 12 theme AgNCs/chitosan 1226:1239 arg1 substrate 1251:1259 AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate 1226:1259 AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate 1226:1259 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 1 13 theme novel 130:134 arg1 SPR 163:165 SPR 163:165 SPR 163:165 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 1 13 theme novel 130:134 arg1 resonance 152:160 novel surface plasmon resonance 130:160 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 128:217 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 0 14 theme mouse 117:121 arg1 IgG 123:125 mouse IgG 117:125 mouse IgG 117:125 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 10 15 theme SPR 1423:1425 arg1 biosensor 1427:1435 traditional SPR biosensor 1411:1435 traditional SPR biosensor 1411:1435 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 6 16 theme biosensor 797:805 arg1 enhancement 778:788 the sensitivity enhancement 762:788 the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor 762:805 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 7 17 theme alkali 889:894 arg1 reaction 896:903 Schiff alkali reaction 882:903 Schiff alkali reaction 882:903 Moreover, antibody can be immobilized on Au film with aldehyde groups via Schiff alkali reaction. 26695276 0 18 theme resonance 41:49 arg1 biosensor 51:59 surface plasmon resonance biosensor 25:59 surface plasmon resonance biosensor 25:59 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 6 19 theme SPR 793:795 arg1 biosensor 797:805 SPR biosensor 793:805 SPR biosensor 793:805 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 9 20 theme mL 1164:1165 arg1 range 1141:1145 the concentration range 1123:1145 the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1) 1123:1169 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 7 21 theme Au 849:850 arg1 film 852:855 Au film 849:855 Au film with aldehyde groups 849:876 Moreover, antibody can be immobilized on Au film with aldehyde groups via Schiff alkali reaction. 26695276 0 22 theme Enhancing 0:8 arg1 sensitivity 10:20 Enhancing sensitivity 0:20 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag 0:65 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 5 23 theme Au 597:598 arg1 film 600:603 Au film 597:603 Au film by the spin-coating 597:623 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was deposited on Au film by the spin-coating. 26695276 10 24 dep times 1272:1276 arg1 lower 1278:1282 lower 1278:1282 lower 1278:1282 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 3 25 theme electron 384:391 arg1 TEM 405:407 TEM 405:407 TEM 405:407 They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis adsorption spectrum. 26695276 3 25 theme electron 384:391 arg1 microscopy 393:402 transmission electron microscopy 371:402 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 371:408 They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis adsorption spectrum. 26695276 9 26 theme mouse 1110:1114 arg1 IgG 1116:1118 mouse IgG 1110:1118 mouse IgG 1110:1118 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 6 27 theme sensitivity 766:776 arg1 enhancement 778:788 the sensitivity enhancement 762:788 the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor 762:805 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 9 28 theme AgNCs/chitosan 1059:1072 arg1 composite 1074:1082 AgNCs/chitosan composite 1059:1082 AgNCs/chitosan composite 1059:1082 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 0 29 theme IgG 123:125 arg1 detection 104:112 the detection 100:112 the detection of mouse IgG 100:125 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 10 30 theme SPR 1333:1335 arg1 biosensor 1337:1345 the SPR biosensor 1329:1345 the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor 1329:1435 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 10 31 theme composite 1241:1249 arg1 substrate 1251:1259 AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate 1226:1259 AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate 1226:1259 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 6 32 theme plasmon 684:690 arg1 wave 692:695 the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave 658:695 the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave 658:695 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 1 33 theme Ag 187:188 arg1 composite 209:217 Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 187:217 Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 187:217 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 3 34 theme UV-vis 414:419 arg1 spectrum 432:439 UV-vis adsorption spectrum 414:439 UV-vis adsorption spectrum 414:439 They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis adsorption spectrum. 26695276 9 35 theme SPR 1036:1038 arg1 biosensor 1040:1048 The SPR biosensor 1032:1048 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite 1032:1082 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 7 36 theme aldehyde 862:869 arg1 groups 871:876 aldehyde groups 862:876 aldehyde groups 862:876 Moreover, antibody can be immobilized on Au film with aldehyde groups via Schiff alkali reaction. 26695276 6 37 theme surface 676:682 arg1 plasmon 684:690 the surface plasmon 672:690 the surface plasmon 672:690 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 1 38 theme nanocubes/chitosan 190:207 arg1 composite 209:217 Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 187:217 Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 187:217 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 0 39 theme plasmon 33:39 arg1 resonance 41:49 surface plasmon resonance 25:49 surface plasmon resonance biosensor 25:59 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 3 40 theme adsorption 421:430 arg1 spectrum 432:439 UV-vis adsorption spectrum 414:439 UV-vis adsorption spectrum 414:439 They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis adsorption spectrum. 26695276 0 41 theme surface 25:31 arg1 resonance 41:49 surface plasmon resonance 25:49 surface plasmon resonance biosensor 25:59 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 5 42 theme Ag 548:549 arg1 composite 570:578 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 544:578 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 544:578 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was deposited on Au film by the spin-coating. 26695276 4 43 theme 3-Mercaptopropinic 463:480 arg1 MPA 488:490 MPA 488:490 MPA 488:490 AgNCs were etched by 3-Mercaptopropinic acid (MPA) and simply mixed with chitosan and glutaraldehyde. 26695276 4 43 theme 3-Mercaptopropinic 463:480 arg1 acid 482:485 3-Mercaptopropinic acid 463:485 3-Mercaptopropinic acid (MPA) 463:491 AgNCs were etched by 3-Mercaptopropinic acid (MPA) and simply mixed with chitosan and glutaraldehyde. 26695276 5 44 theme nanocubes/chitosan 551:568 arg1 composite 570:578 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 544:578 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 544:578 The Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was deposited on Au film by the spin-coating. 26695276 0 45 theme biosensor 51:59 arg1 sensitivity 10:20 Enhancing sensitivity 0:20 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag 0:65 Enhancing sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite for the detection of mouse IgG. 26695276 10 46 theme traditional 1411:1421 arg1 biosensor 1427:1435 traditional SPR biosensor 1411:1435 traditional SPR biosensor 1411:1435 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 8 47 theme traditional 910:920 arg1 biosensor 926:934 The traditional SPR biosensor 906:934 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA 906:947 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 8 48 theme concentration 987:999 arg1 range 1001:1005 the concentration range 983:1005 the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1) 983:1029 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 9 49 theme μg 1161:1162 arg1 mL 1164:1165 0.60-40.00 μg mL 1150:1165 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1) 1150:1169 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 9 49 theme μg 1161:1162 arg1 -1 1167:1168 -1 1167:1168 -1 1167:1168 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 2 50 theme Ag 259:260 arg1 AgNCs 273:277 AgNCs 273:277 AgNCs 273:277 Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) were successfully synthesized with sulfide-mediated protocol. 26695276 2 50 theme Ag 259:260 arg1 nanocubes 262:270 Ag nanocubes 259:270 Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) 259:278 Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) were successfully synthesized with sulfide-mediated protocol. 26695276 10 51 theme 4 1270:1270 arg1 limit 1176:1180 The limit 1172:1180 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate 1172:1259 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 10 51 theme 4 1270:1270 arg1 times 1272:1276 times 1272:1276 times 1272:1276 The limit of quantification by the biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite substrate is about 4 times lower than traditional biosensor, which has proved the SPR biosensor here proposed with more sensitivity and better performance than traditional SPR biosensor. 26695276 8 52 theme mouse 970:974 arg1 IgG 976:978 mouse IgG 970:978 mouse IgG 970:978 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 9 53 theme good 1092:1095 arg1 response 1097:1104 a good response 1090:1104 a good response for mouse IgG 1090:1118 The SPR biosensor based on AgNCs/chitosan composite shows a good response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 0.60-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 7 54 with film 852:855 arg1 groups 871:876 aldehyde groups 862:876 aldehyde groups 862:876 Moreover, antibody can be immobilized on Au film with aldehyde groups via Schiff alkali reaction. 26695276 8 55 theme SPR 922:924 arg1 biosensor 926:934 The traditional SPR biosensor 906:934 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA 906:947 The traditional SPR biosensor based on MPA shows a response for mouse IgG in the concentration range of 2.50-40.00 μg mL(-1). 26695276 6 56 dep AgNCs 662:666 arg1 the 658:660 the 658:660 the 658:660 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 2 57 theme sulfide-mediated 315:330 arg1 protocol 332:339 sulfide-mediated protocol 315:339 sulfide-mediated protocol 315:339 Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) were successfully synthesized with sulfide-mediated protocol. 26695276 6 58 theme AgNCs 662:666 arg1 wave 692:695 the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave 658:695 the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave 658:695 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 6 59 theme response 735:742 arg1 amplification 710:722 the amplification 706:722 the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor 706:805 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 1 60 theme surface 136:142 arg1 SPR 163:165 SPR 163:165 SPR 163:165 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 1 60 theme surface 136:142 arg1 resonance 152:160 novel surface plasmon resonance 130:160 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 128:217 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 6 61 theme SPR 731:733 arg1 response 735:742 the SPR response 727:742 the SPR response 727:742 The electronic coupling between the AgNCs and the surface plasmon wave leads to the amplification of the SPR response, which results in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. 26695276 1 62 theme plasmon 144:150 arg1 SPR 163:165 SPR 163:165 SPR 163:165 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 1 62 theme plasmon 144:150 arg1 resonance 152:160 novel surface plasmon resonance 130:160 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite 128:217 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 26695276 1 63 theme mouse 238:242 arg1 detection 248:256 mouse IgG detection 238:256 mouse IgG detection 238:256 A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on Ag nanocubes/chitosan composite was fabricated for mouse IgG detection. 25079409 4 0 theme adsorption 516:525 arg1 capability 527:536 the adsorption capability 512:536 the adsorption capability 512:536 The pH ranging from 3.0-10.2 exhibited very little effect on the adsorption capability. 25079409 8 1 theme adsorption 791:800 arg1 mechanism 802:810 The adsorption mechanism 787:810 The adsorption mechanism 787:810 The adsorption mechanism was also discussed. 25079409 5 2 theme perchlorate 543:553 arg1 uptake 555:560 The perchlorate uptake 539:560 The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB 539:571 The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. 25079409 0 3 theme -chitosan 68:76 arg1 complex 78:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 0 4 from solution 36:43 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 0:84 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 0 5 link cross-linked 48:59 arg1 complex 78:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 6 6 theme kinetics 646:653 arg1 data 655:658 the kinetics data 642:658 the kinetics data 642:658 The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. 25079409 3 7 theme adsorbent 386:394 arg1 morphology 368:377 The morphology 364:377 The morphology of the adsorbent 364:394 The morphology of the adsorbent was discussed using FT-IR and SEM with X-EDS analysis. 25079409 5 8 theme Langmuir 580:587 arg1 model 598:602 Langmuir isotherm model 580:602 Langmuir isotherm model 580:602 The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. 25079409 7 9 theme NaCl 728:731 arg1 eluent 707:712 The eluent 703:712 The eluent of 2.5% (W/V) NaCl 703:731 The eluent of 2.5% (W/V) NaCl could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. 25079409 4 10 theme little 495:500 arg1 effect 502:507 very little effect 490:507 very little effect 490:507 The pH ranging from 3.0-10.2 exhibited very little effect on the adsorption capability. 25079409 5 11 theme isotherm 589:596 arg1 model 598:602 Langmuir isotherm model 580:602 Langmuir isotherm model 580:602 The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. 25079409 2 12 theme contact 268:274 arg1 time 276:279 contact time 268:279 contact time 268:279 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 0 13 theme perchlorate 11:21 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 0:84 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 1 14 theme Cross-linked 87:98 arg1 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 14 theme Cross-linked 87:98 arg1 Fe-CB 128:132 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 2 15 theme anions 356:361 arg1 concentrations 290:303 initial concentrations 282:303 initial concentrations 282:303 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 2 15 theme anions 356:361 arg1 presence 332:339 the presence 328:339 the presence of co-existing anions 328:361 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 2 15 theme anions 356:361 arg1 pH 320:321 pH 320:321 pH 320:321 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 2 15 theme anions 356:361 arg1 temperatures 306:317 temperatures 306:317 temperatures 306:317 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 2 15 theme anions 356:361 arg1 time 276:279 contact time 268:279 contact time 268:279 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 0 16 theme aqueous 28:34 arg1 solution 36:43 aqueous solution 28:43 aqueous solution 28:43 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 7 17 theme % 720:720 arg1 NaCl 728:731 2.5% (W/V) NaCl 717:731 2.5% (W/V) NaCl 717:731 The eluent of 2.5% (W/V) NaCl could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. 25079409 2 18 theme co-existing 344:354 arg1 anions 356:361 co-existing anions 344:361 co-existing anions 344:361 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 0 19 theme cross-linked 48:59 arg1 complex 78:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 0 20 theme Fe 61:62 arg1 complex 78:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex 48:84 Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan complex. 25079409 7 21 dep % 720:720 arg1 W/V 723:725 W/V 723:725 W/V 723:725 The eluent of 2.5% (W/V) NaCl could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. 25079409 1 22 theme Fe 100:101 arg1 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 22 theme Fe 100:101 arg1 Fe-CB 128:132 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 3 23 theme X-EDS 435:439 arg1 analysis 441:448 X-EDS analysis 435:448 X-EDS analysis 435:448 The morphology of the adsorbent was discussed using FT-IR and SEM with X-EDS analysis. 25079409 6 24 theme adsorption 609:618 arg1 rapid 632:636 rapid 632:636 rapid 632:636 The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. 25079409 6 24 theme adsorption 609:618 arg1 process 620:626 The adsorption process 605:626 The adsorption process 605:626 The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. 25079409 7 25 theme 2.5 717:719 arg1 % 720:720 % 720:720 % 720:720 The eluent of 2.5% (W/V) NaCl could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. 25079409 2 26 theme adsorption 217:226 arg1 experiments 228:238 The adsorption experiments 213:238 The adsorption experiments 213:238 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 2 27 theme initial 282:288 arg1 concentrations 290:303 initial concentrations 282:303 initial concentrations 282:303 The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. 25079409 1 28 used used 139:142 arg2 Fe-CB 128:132 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 28 used used 139:142 arg2 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 6 29 theme second-order 678:689 arg1 model 691:695 the pseudo second-order model 667:695 the pseudo second-order model 667:695 The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. 25079409 1 30 theme -chitosan 107:115 arg1 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 30 theme -chitosan 107:115 arg1 Fe-CB 128:132 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 31 link Cross-linked 87:98 arg1 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 31 link Cross-linked 87:98 arg1 Fe-CB 128:132 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 6 32 theme pseudo 671:676 arg1 model 691:695 the pseudo second-order model 667:695 the pseudo second-order model 667:695 The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. 25079409 1 33 theme composite 117:125 arg1 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 adsorbent 151:159 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 33 theme composite 117:125 arg1 Fe-CB 128:132 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) 87:133 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 25079409 1 34 theme aqueous 195:201 arg1 solution 203:210 the aqueous solution 191:210 the aqueous solution 191:210 Cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosan composite (Fe-CB) was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. 28219380 4 0 theme biochemical 562:572 arg1 compositions 574:585 the biochemical compositions 558:585 the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp 558:603 The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to estimate the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 9 1 theme total 1126:1130 arg1 content 1145:1151 The total chlorophylls content 1122:1151 The total chlorophylls content 1122:1151 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 2 theme % 1316:1316 arg1 content 1305:1311 the maximum starch content 1286:1311 the maximum starch content (42% DW) 1286:1320 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 2 theme % 1316:1316 arg1 DW 1318:1319 42% DW 1314:1319 42% DW 1314:1319 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 8 3 theme factors 1113:1119 arg1 level 1100:1104 the highest level 1088:1104 the highest level of all factors 1088:1119 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 2 4 used used 296:299 arg2 Design 285:290 Box-Behnken Design 273:290 Box-Behnken Design 273:290 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 4 5 used used 541:544 arg2 spectroscopy 524:535 The FT-IR spectroscopy 514:535 The FT-IR spectroscopy 514:535 The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to estimate the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 2 6 theme Box-Behnken 273:283 arg1 Design 285:290 Box-Behnken Design 273:290 Box-Behnken Design 273:290 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 1 7 theme biochemical 179:189 arg1 composition 191:201 biochemical composition 179:201 biochemical composition 179:201 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 6 8 theme biomass 844:850 arg1 concentration 852:864 biomass concentration 844:864 biomass concentration 844:864 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 5 9 theme medium 633:638 arg1 culture 640:646 optimized medium culture 623:646 optimized medium culture for starch production 623:668 grown under both optimized medium culture for starch production and standard culture medium. 28219380 9 10 theme low 1340:1342 arg1 nitrate 1344:1350 low nitrate and phosphate concentrations 1340:1379 nitrate 1344:1350 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 6 11 from increase 832:839 arg1 concentration 852:864 biomass concentration 844:864 biomass concentration 844:864 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 9 12 theme 5.18 mg.g 1179:1187 arg1 maximum 1170:1176 its maximum 1166:1176 its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations 1166:1277 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 12 theme 5.18 mg.g 1179:1187 arg1 DW-1 1189:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 1 13 theme marine 210:215 arg1 sp 239:240 the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 206:240 the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 206:240 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 1 14 theme Tetraselmis 227:237 arg1 sp 239:240 the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 206:240 the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 206:240 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 5 15 theme standard 674:681 arg1 medium 691:696 standard culture medium 674:696 standard culture medium 674:696 grown under both optimized medium culture for starch production and standard culture medium. 28219380 9 16 theme high 1198:1201 arg1 nitrate 1203:1209 high nitrate 1198:1209 high nitrate (1.76 mM) 1198:1219 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 16 theme high 1198:1201 arg1 mM 1217:1218 1.76 mM 1212:1218 1.76 mM 1212:1218 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 17 theme chlorophylls 1132:1143 arg1 content 1145:1151 The total chlorophylls content 1122:1151 The total chlorophylls content 1122:1151 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 1 18 theme biomass 131:137 arg1 concentration 139:151 biomass concentration 131:151 biomass concentration 131:151 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 19 theme starch 1628:1633 arg1 production 1635:1644 starch production 1628:1644 starch production 1628:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 19 theme starch 1628:1633 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1568:1578 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production 1568:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production 1568:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 6 20 theme productivity 979:990 arg1 conditions 957:966 the standard conditions 944:966 the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1 944:1005 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 0 21 theme Tetraselmis 75:85 arg1 sp 87:88 Tetraselmis sp 75:88 Tetraselmis sp 75:88 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 2 22 from effect 314:319 arg1 carotenoids 413:423 carotenoids 413:423 carotenoids 413:423 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 2 22 from effect 314:319 arg1 growth 385:390 the growth 381:390 the growth 381:390 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 2 22 from effect 314:319 arg1 medium 371:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 2 22 from effect 314:319 arg1 contents 436:443 starch contents 429:443 starch contents 429:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 2 22 from effect 314:319 arg1 chlorophylls 399:410 total chlorophylls 393:410 total chlorophylls 393:410 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 0 23 from Effects 0:6 arg1 growth 37:42 growth 37:42 growth 37:42 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 0 23 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 60:70 biochemical composition 48:70 biochemical composition 48:70 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 9 24 theme vitamins 1424:1431 arg1 limitations 1433:1443 vitamins limitations 1424:1443 vitamins limitations 1424:1443 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 6 25 theme standard 948:955 arg1 conditions 957:966 the standard conditions 944:966 the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1 944:1005 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 6 26 dep productivity 979:990 arg1 408.57 mg.L-1 993:1005 408.57 mg.L-1 993:1005 408.57 mg.L-1 993:1005 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 6 27 theme Finalized 707:715 arg1 1.76 mM 724:730 1.76 mM 724:730 1.76 mM 724:730 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 6 27 theme Finalized 707:715 arg1 NaNO3 717:721 Finalized NaNO3 707:721 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM) 699:731 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 9 28 from vitamins 1255:1262 arg1 maximum 1170:1176 its maximum 1166:1176 its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations 1166:1277 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 28 from vitamins 1255:1262 arg1 DW-1 1189:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 29 from metals 1244:1249 arg1 maximum 1170:1176 its maximum 1166:1176 its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations 1166:1277 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 29 from metals 1244:1249 arg1 DW-1 1189:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 0 30 theme nutritional 11:21 arg1 conditions 23:32 nutritional conditions 11:32 nutritional conditions 11:32 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 8 31 theme content 1048:1054 arg1 value 1027:1031 The maximum value 1015:1031 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) 1015:1070 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 11 32 theme high 1584:1587 arg1 concentration 1597:1609 The high biomass concentration 1580:1609 The high biomass concentration productivity 1580:1622 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 8 33 theme 0.3 mg.g 1057:1064 arg1 content 1048:1054 carotenoids content 1036:1054 carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) 1036:1070 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 8 33 theme 0.3 mg.g 1057:1064 arg1 DW-1 1066:1069 0.3 mg.g DW-1 1057:1069 0.3 mg.g DW-1 1057:1069 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 2 34 theme starch 429:434 arg1 contents 436:443 starch contents 429:443 starch contents 429:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 3 35 theme chlorophylls 456:467 arg1 content 469:475 The total chlorophylls content 446:475 The total chlorophylls content 446:475 The total chlorophylls content was quantified by spectrophotometry. 28219380 2 36 from medium 371:376 arg1 effect 314:319 the effect 310:319 the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents 310:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 4 37 theme FT-IR 518:522 arg1 spectroscopy 524:535 The FT-IR spectroscopy 514:535 The FT-IR spectroscopy 514:535 The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to estimate the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 2 38 theme NaNO3 324:328 arg1 effect 314:319 the effect 310:319 the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents 310:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 9 39 theme maximum 1290:1296 arg1 content 1305:1311 the maximum starch content 1286:1311 the maximum starch content (42% DW) 1286:1320 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 39 theme maximum 1290:1296 arg1 DW 1318:1319 42% DW 1314:1319 42% DW 1314:1319 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 4 40 theme Tetraselmis 590:600 arg1 sp 602:603 Tetraselmis sp 590:603 Tetraselmis sp 590:603 The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to estimate the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 41 theme concentration 1597:1609 arg1 productivity 1611:1622 The high biomass concentration productivity 1580:1622 The high biomass concentration productivity 1580:1622 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 41 theme concentration 1597:1609 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1568:1578 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production 1568:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production 1568:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 9 42 dep nitrate 1344:1350 arg1 0.027 mM 1394:1401 0.027 mM 1394:1401 0.027 mM 1394:1401 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 42 dep nitrate 1344:1350 arg1 0.58 mM 1382:1388 0.58 mM 1382:1388 0.58 mM 1382:1388 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 2 43 theme vitamins 351:358 arg1 effect 314:319 the effect 310:319 the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents 310:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 12 44 theme biotechnological 1695:1710 arg1 applications 1712:1723 biotechnological applications 1695:1723 biotechnological applications 1695:1723 strain a good candidate for biotechnological applications. 28219380 2 45 theme metals 340:345 arg1 effect 314:319 the effect 310:319 the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents 310:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 9 46 from nitrate 1203:1209 arg1 maximum 1170:1176 its maximum 1166:1176 its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations 1166:1277 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 46 from nitrate 1203:1209 arg1 DW-1 1189:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 2 47 from NaNO3 324:328 arg1 medium 371:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 6 48 dep 5.72 g.L-1 872:881 arg1 up 866:867 up 866:867 up 866:867 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 10 49 theme nitrogen 1456:1463 arg1 limitations 1498:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 Thus, the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations led to divert the metabolism for the starch biosynthesis. 28219380 5 50 theme starch 652:657 arg1 production 659:668 starch production 652:668 starch production 652:668 grown under both optimized medium culture for starch production and standard culture medium. 28219380 6 51 theme vitamins 779:786 arg1 concentrations 803:816 vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations 779:816 vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations 779:816 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 6 51 theme vitamins 779:786 arg1 RESULTS 699:705 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM) 699:731 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM) 699:731 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 2 52 from NaH2PO4 331:337 arg1 medium 371:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 9 53 dep nitrate 1203:1209 arg1 concentrations 1264:1277 concentrations 1264:1277 concentrations 1264:1277 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 2 54 theme NaH2PO4 331:337 arg1 effect 314:319 the effect 310:319 the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents 310:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 2 55 from metals 340:345 arg1 medium 371:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 10 56 theme metals 1478:1483 arg1 limitations 1498:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 Thus, the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations led to divert the metabolism for the starch biosynthesis. 28219380 5 57 theme optimized 623:631 arg1 culture 640:646 optimized medium culture 623:646 optimized medium culture for starch production 623:668 grown under both optimized medium culture for starch production and standard culture medium. 28219380 2 58 from vitamins 351:358 arg1 medium 371:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 10 59 theme phosphorus 1466:1475 arg1 limitations 1498:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 Thus, the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations led to divert the metabolism for the starch biosynthesis. 28219380 9 60 theme phosphate 1356:1364 arg1 concentrations 1366:1379 low nitrate and phosphate concentrations 1340:1379 concentrations 1366:1379 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 61 from phosphate 1222:1230 arg1 maximum 1170:1176 its maximum 1166:1176 its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations 1166:1277 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 61 from phosphate 1222:1230 arg1 DW-1 1189:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 5.18 mg.g DW-1 1179:1192 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 2 62 dep METHODS 243:249 arg1 used 296:299 used 296:299 was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents 292:443 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 10 63 theme vitamins 1489:1496 arg1 limitations 1498:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations 1452:1508 Thus, the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations led to divert the metabolism for the starch biosynthesis. 28219380 5 64 theme culture 683:689 arg1 medium 691:696 standard culture medium 674:696 standard culture medium 674:696 grown under both optimized medium culture for starch production and standard culture medium. 28219380 11 65 theme Tetraselmis 1651:1661 arg1 sp 1663:1664 Tetraselmis sp 1651:1664 Tetraselmis sp 1651:1664 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 2 66 theme current 258:264 arg1 study 266:270 the current study 254:270 the current study 254:270 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 1 67 theme sp 239:240 arg1 composition 191:201 biochemical composition 179:201 biochemical composition 179:201 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 1 67 theme sp 239:240 arg1 concentration 139:151 biomass concentration 131:151 biomass concentration 131:151 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 1 67 theme sp 239:240 arg1 productivity 162:173 biomass productivity 154:173 biomass productivity 154:173 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 0 68 theme sp 87:88 arg1 growth 37:42 growth 37:42 growth 37:42 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 0 68 theme sp 87:88 arg1 composition 60:70 biochemical composition 48:70 biochemical composition 48:70 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 1 69 theme biomass 154:160 arg1 productivity 162:173 biomass productivity 154:173 biomass productivity 154:173 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 6 70 theme biomass 971:977 arg1 productivity 979:990 biomass productivity 971:990 biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1 971:1005 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 1 71 dep BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 aimed 113:117 aimed 113:117 aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 113:240 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 6 72 dep RESULTS 699:705 arg1 1.76 mM 724:730 1.76 mM 724:730 1.76 mM 724:730 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 6 72 dep RESULTS 699:705 arg1 NaNO3 717:721 Finalized NaNO3 707:721 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM) 699:731 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 11 73 dep CONCLUSIONS 1568:1578 arg1 productivity 1611:1622 The high biomass concentration productivity 1580:1622 The high biomass concentration productivity 1580:1622 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 73 dep CONCLUSIONS 1568:1578 arg1 production 1635:1644 starch production 1628:1644 starch production 1628:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 73 dep CONCLUSIONS 1568:1578 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1568:1578 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production 1568:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production 1568:1644 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 2 74 theme F/2 367:369 arg1 medium 371:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 the F/2 medium 363:376 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 8 75 theme carotenoids 1036:1046 arg1 content 1048:1054 carotenoids content 1036:1054 carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) 1036:1070 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 8 75 theme carotenoids 1036:1046 arg1 DW-1 1066:1069 0.3 mg.g DW-1 1057:1069 0.3 mg.g DW-1 1057:1069 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 0 76 theme conditions 23:32 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp 0:88 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 2 77 theme total 393:397 arg1 chlorophylls 399:410 total chlorophylls 393:410 total chlorophylls 393:410 METHODS In the current study, Box-Behnken Design was used to model the effect of NaNO3, NaH2PO4, metals and vitamins in the F/2 medium on the growth, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch contents. 28219380 10 78 theme starch 1547:1552 arg1 biosynthesis 1554:1565 the starch biosynthesis 1543:1565 the starch biosynthesis 1543:1565 Thus, the nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and vitamins limitations led to divert the metabolism for the starch biosynthesis. 28219380 1 79 theme microalga 217:225 arg1 sp 239:240 the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 206:240 the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp 206:240 BACKGROUND This study aimed to maximize biomass concentration, biomass productivity and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 0 80 theme biochemical 48:58 arg1 composition 60:70 biochemical composition 48:70 biochemical composition 48:70 Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 8 81 theme maximum 1019:1025 arg1 value 1027:1031 The maximum value 1015:1031 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) 1015:1070 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 4 82 theme sp 602:603 arg1 compositions 574:585 the biochemical compositions 558:585 the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp 558:603 The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to estimate the biochemical compositions of Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 11 83 theme biomass 1589:1595 arg1 concentration 1597:1609 The high biomass concentration 1580:1609 The high biomass concentration productivity 1580:1622 CONCLUSIONS The high biomass concentration productivity and starch production make Tetraselmis sp. 28219380 3 84 theme total 450:454 arg1 content 469:475 The total chlorophylls content 446:475 The total chlorophylls content 446:475 The total chlorophylls content was quantified by spectrophotometry. 28219380 9 85 theme starch 1298:1303 arg1 content 1305:1311 the maximum starch content 1286:1311 the maximum starch content (42% DW) 1286:1320 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 9 85 theme starch 1298:1303 arg1 DW 1318:1319 42% DW 1314:1319 42% DW 1314:1319 The total chlorophylls content reached also its maximum (5.18 mg.g DW-1) at high nitrate (1.76 mM), phosphate (0.054 mM), metals and vitamins concentrations, while the maximum starch content (42% DW) was achieved with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.58 mM and 0.027 mM) and with metals and vitamins limitations. 28219380 8 86 theme highest 1092:1098 arg1 level 1100:1104 the highest level 1088:1104 the highest level of all factors 1088:1119 The maximum value of carotenoids content (0.3 mg.g DW-1) was achieved at the highest level of all factors. 28219380 6 87 theme 312.5 μL.L-1 789:800 arg1 concentrations 803:816 vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations 779:816 vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations 779:816 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 6 87 theme 312.5 μL.L-1 789:800 arg1 RESULTS 699:705 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM) 699:731 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM) 699:731 RESULTS Finalized NaNO3 (1.76 mM), NaH2PO4 (0.018 mM), metals (1500 μL.L-1) and vitamins (312.5 μL.L-1) concentrations, generated an increase in biomass concentration up to 5.72 g.L-1 which contributed to an increase about 2.4-fold than that of the standard conditions of biomass productivity (408.57 mg.L-1. 28219380 12 88 theme good 1676:1679 arg1 candidate 1681:1689 a good candidate 1674:1689 a good candidate for biotechnological applications 1674:1723 strain a good candidate for biotechnological applications. 29407154 9 0 theme chitosan 1320:1327 arg1 component 1329:1337 chitosan component 1320:1337 chitosan component 1320:1337 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 1 theme hemostatic 1518:1527 arg1 performance 1529:1539 the enhanced hemostatic performance 1505:1539 the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1505:1564 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 4 2 theme adhesion 560:567 arg1 steps 519:523 successive steps 508:523 successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation 508:607 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 6 3 theme composite 778:786 arg1 microspheres 788:799 The composite microspheres 774:799 The composite microspheres 774:799 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 3 4 from microspheres 423:434 arg1 surface 464:470 the surface 460:470 the surface 460:470 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 9 5 theme blood 1347:1351 arg1 cells 1353:1357 red blood cells 1343:1357 red blood cells 1343:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 6 theme blood 1110:1114 arg1 clotting 1116:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 7 theme @ 1546:1546 arg1 microspheres 1553:1564 CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1544:1564 CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1544:1564 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 8 theme microspheres 1553:1564 arg1 performance 1529:1539 the enhanced hemostatic performance 1505:1539 the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1505:1564 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 9 theme hemostatic 1168:1177 arg1 time 1179:1182 shorter hemostatic time 1160:1182 shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1160:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 3 10 from Zn2+ 336:339 arg1 form 348:351 the form 344:351 the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) 344:376 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 5 11 dep in 702:703 arg1 vitro 705:709 vitro 705:709 vitro 705:709 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 9 12 dep attraction 1301:1310 arg1 1 1280:1280 1 1280:1280 1 1280:1280 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 13 theme rat 1191:1193 arg1 liver 1195:1199 the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1187:1237 liver 1195:1199 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 14 from loss 1150:1153 arg1 liver 1195:1199 the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1187:1237 liver 1195:1199 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 14 from loss 1150:1153 arg1 models 1232:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 15 theme factor 1394:1399 arg1 XII 1401:1403 coagulation factor XII 1382:1403 coagulation factor XII 1382:1403 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 16 theme tail 1216:1219 arg1 models 1232:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 5 17 theme experiments 722:732 arg1 series 692:697 a series 690:697 a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis 690:771 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 5 17 theme experiments 722:732 arg1 FT-IR 675:679 FT-IR 675:679 FT-IR 675:679 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 5 17 theme experiments 722:732 arg1 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 5 17 theme experiments 722:732 arg1 XPS 682:684 XPS 682:684 XPS 682:684 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 1 18 from civilian 166:173 arg1 bleeding 138:145 bleeding 138:145 bleeding 138:145 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 8 19 theme chitosan 982:989 arg1 microspheres 991:1002 the neat chitosan microspheres 973:1002 the neat chitosan microspheres 973:1002 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 1 20 from battlefield 150:160 arg1 bleeding 138:145 bleeding 138:145 bleeding 138:145 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 9 21 theme alginate 1421:1428 arg1 component 1430:1438 zinc alginate component 1416:1438 zinc alginate component 1416:1438 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 22 from onset 1046:1050 arg1 liver 1195:1199 the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1187:1237 liver 1195:1199 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 22 from onset 1046:1050 arg1 models 1232:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 23 dep activation 1368:1377 arg1 2 1361:1361 2 1361:1361 2 1361:1361 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 1 24 from bleeding 138:145 arg1 civilian 166:173 civilian 166:173 civilian 166:173 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 1 24 from bleeding 138:145 arg1 battlefield 150:160 battlefield 150:160 battlefield 150:160 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 3 25 theme alginate 361:368 arg1 form 348:351 the form 344:351 the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) 344:376 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 0 26 theme Porous 0:5 arg1 microspheres 16:27 Porous chitosan microspheres 0:27 Porous chitosan microspheres 0:27 Porous chitosan microspheres containing zinc ion for enhanced thrombosis and hemostasis. 29407154 8 27 theme CS 1009:1010 arg1 microspheres 1018:1029 the CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1005:1029 the CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1005:1029 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 7 28 theme absorption 896:905 arg1 ratio 907:911 water absorption ratio 890:911 water absorption ratio 890:911 Their size, surface area, and water absorption ratio were ca. 70μm, 48m2/g, and 1850%, respectively. 29407154 1 29 dep battlefield 150:160 arg1 accidents 175:183 accidents 175:183 accidents 175:183 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 3 30 theme @ 416:416 arg1 microspheres 423:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres 407:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface 407:470 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 9 31 theme synergetic 1244:1253 arg1 effects 1266:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects 1240:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells 1240:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 32 theme ZnAlg 1012:1016 arg1 microspheres 1018:1029 the CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1005:1029 the CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1005:1029 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 3 33 theme porous 407:412 arg1 microspheres 423:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres 407:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface 407:470 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 0 34 theme zinc 40:43 arg1 ion 45:47 zinc ion 40:47 zinc ion for enhanced thrombosis and hemostasis 40:86 Porous chitosan microspheres containing zinc ion for enhanced thrombosis and hemostasis. 29407154 5 35 theme thromboelastography 744:762 arg1 analysis 764:771 thromboelastography analysis 744:771 thromboelastography analysis 744:771 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 6 36 theme porous 842:847 arg1 structure 849:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 4 37 theme Such 473:476 arg1 microspheres 478:489 Such microspheres 473:489 Such microspheres 473:489 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 3 38 theme ZnAlg 441:445 arg1 component 447:455 ZnAlg component 441:455 ZnAlg component 441:455 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 9 39 from attraction 1301:1310 arg1 activation 1368:1377 the activation 1364:1377 (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component 1360:1438 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 39 from attraction 1301:1310 arg1 blocking 1458:1465 (3) physical blocking 1445:1465 (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix 1445:1487 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 39 from attraction 1301:1310 arg1 effects 1266:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects 1240:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells 1240:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 6 40 theme internal 818:825 arg1 structure 849:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 9 41 theme microsphere 1470:1480 arg1 matrix 1482:1487 microsphere matrix 1470:1487 microsphere matrix 1470:1487 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 7 42 theme water 890:894 arg1 absorption 896:905 water absorption 890:905 water absorption ratio 890:911 Their size, surface area, and water absorption ratio were ca. 70μm, 48m2/g, and 1850%, respectively. 29407154 8 43 theme clot 1055:1058 arg1 formation 1060:1068 clot formation 1055:1068 clot formation 1055:1068 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 6 44 theme outer 808:812 arg1 structure 849:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 8 45 dep liver 1195:1199 arg1 laceration 1201:1210 laceration 1201:1210 laceration 1201:1210 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 46 from cells 1353:1357 arg1 activation 1368:1377 the activation 1364:1377 (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component 1360:1438 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 46 from cells 1353:1357 arg1 blocking 1458:1465 (3) physical blocking 1445:1465 (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix 1445:1487 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 46 from cells 1353:1357 arg1 effects 1266:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects 1240:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells 1240:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 47 theme electrostatic 1287:1299 arg1 attraction 1301:1310 the electrostatic attraction 1283:1310 (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component 1279:1337 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 4 48 theme separation 598:607 arg1 steps 519:523 successive steps 508:523 successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation 508:607 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 2 49 used used 271:274 arg2 CS 251:252 CS 251:252 CS 251:252 Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. 29407154 2 49 used used 271:274 arg2 hemostat 288:295 a clinic hemostat 279:295 a clinic hemostat 279:295 Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. 29407154 2 49 used used 271:274 arg2 Chitosan 241:248 Chitosan 241:248 Chitosan (CS) 241:253 Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. 29407154 7 50 theme surface 872:878 arg1 area 880:883 surface area 872:883 surface area 872:883 Their size, surface area, and water absorption ratio were ca. 70μm, 48m2/g, and 1850%, respectively. 29407154 8 51 theme faster 1076:1081 arg1 clot 1133:1136 much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot 1071:1136 much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot 1071:1136 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 52 theme enhanced 1509:1516 arg1 performance 1529:1539 the enhanced hemostatic performance 1505:1539 the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1505:1564 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 4 53 theme micro-emulsion 528:541 arg1 steps 519:523 successive steps 508:523 successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation 508:607 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 5 54 theme hemostatic 630:639 arg1 performance 641:651 hemostatic performance 630:651 hemostatic performance 630:651 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 2 55 theme clinic 281:286 arg1 Chitosan 241:248 Chitosan 241:248 Chitosan (CS) 241:253 Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. 29407154 2 55 theme clinic 281:286 arg1 hemostat 288:295 a clinic hemostat 279:295 a clinic hemostat 279:295 Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. 29407154 8 56 theme vitro 1086:1090 arg1 clotting 1116:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 4 57 theme polyelectrolyte 544:558 arg1 adhesion 560:567 polyelectrolyte adhesion 544:567 polyelectrolyte adhesion 544:567 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 3 58 with microspheres 423:434 arg1 component 447:455 ZnAlg component 441:455 ZnAlg component 441:455 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 9 59 theme red 1343:1345 arg1 cells 1353:1357 red blood cells 1343:1357 red blood cells 1343:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 60 theme in 1096:1097 arg1 clotting 1116:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 61 from clot 1133:1136 arg1 liver 1195:1199 the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1187:1237 liver 1195:1199 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 61 from clot 1133:1136 arg1 models 1232:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 62 theme CS 1544:1545 arg1 microspheres 1553:1564 CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1544:1564 CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1544:1564 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 63 theme blood 1144:1148 arg1 loss 1150:1153 less blood loss 1139:1153 less blood loss 1139:1153 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 6 64 contain had 801:803 arg2 structure 849:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 6 64 contain had 801:803 arg1 microspheres 788:799 The composite microspheres 774:799 The composite microspheres 774:799 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 8 65 theme whole 1104:1108 arg1 clotting 1116:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting 1086:1123 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 66 theme ZnAlg 1547:1551 arg1 microspheres 1553:1564 CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1544:1564 CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1544:1564 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 67 dep blocking 1458:1465 arg1 3 1446:1446 3 1446:1446 3 1446:1446 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 4 68 theme phase 592:596 arg1 separation 598:607 thermally induced phase separation 574:607 thermally induced phase separation 574:607 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 1 69 theme medical 226:232 arg1 costs 234:238 medical costs 226:238 medical costs 226:238 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 9 70 theme coagulation 1382:1392 arg1 XII 1401:1403 coagulation factor XII 1382:1403 coagulation factor XII 1382:1403 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 5 71 theme in 702:703 arg1 analysis 764:771 thromboelastography analysis 744:771 thromboelastography analysis 744:771 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 5 71 theme in 702:703 arg1 experiments 722:732 in vitro hemostatic experiments 702:732 in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis 702:771 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 8 72 from time 1179:1182 arg1 liver 1195:1199 the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1187:1237 liver 1195:1199 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 72 from time 1179:1182 arg1 models 1232:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 73 theme XII 1401:1403 arg1 activation 1368:1377 the activation 1364:1377 (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component 1360:1438 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 73 theme XII 1401:1403 arg1 blocking 1458:1465 (3) physical blocking 1445:1465 (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix 1445:1487 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 9 73 theme XII 1401:1403 arg1 effects 1266:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects 1240:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells 1240:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 5 74 theme hemostatic 711:720 arg1 analysis 764:771 thromboelastography analysis 744:771 thromboelastography analysis 744:771 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 5 74 theme hemostatic 711:720 arg1 experiments 722:732 in vitro hemostatic experiments 702:732 in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis 702:771 Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. 29407154 8 75 theme neat 977:980 arg1 microspheres 991:1002 the neat chitosan microspheres 973:1002 the neat chitosan microspheres 973:1002 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 3 76 theme hemostatic 313:322 arg1 efficiency 324:333 its hemostatic efficiency 309:333 its hemostatic efficiency 309:333 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 8 77 dep in 1096:1097 arg1 vivo 1099:1102 vivo 1099:1102 vivo 1099:1102 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 78 theme amputation 1221:1230 arg1 models 1232:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 tail amputation models 1216:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 79 theme zinc 1416:1419 arg1 component 1430:1438 zinc alginate component 1416:1438 zinc alginate component 1416:1438 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 80 theme shorter 1160:1166 arg1 time 1179:1182 shorter hemostatic time 1160:1182 shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1160:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 81 theme component 1430:1438 arg1 Zn2+ 1408:1411 Zn2+ 1408:1411 Zn2+ of zinc alginate component 1408:1438 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 82 dep faster 1076:1081 arg1 bigger 1126:1131 bigger 1126:1131 bigger 1126:1131 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 0 83 theme chitosan 7:14 arg1 microspheres 16:27 Porous chitosan microspheres 0:27 Porous chitosan microspheres 0:27 Porous chitosan microspheres containing zinc ion for enhanced thrombosis and hemostasis. 29407154 8 84 theme @ 1011:1011 arg1 microspheres 1018:1029 the CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1005:1029 the CS@ZnAlg microspheres 1005:1029 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 7 85 theme ca. 918:920 arg1 70μm 922:925 ca. 70μm 918:925 ca. 70μm 918:925 Their size, surface area, and water absorption ratio were ca. 70μm, 48m2/g, and 1850%, respectively. 29407154 1 86 theme Quick 89:93 arg1 hemostats 95:103 Quick hemostats 89:103 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents 89:183 Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. 29407154 4 87 theme successive 508:517 arg1 steps 519:523 successive steps 508:523 successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation 508:607 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29407154 3 88 theme zinc 356:359 arg1 alginate 361:368 zinc alginate 356:368 zinc alginate (ZnAlg) 356:376 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 3 88 theme zinc 356:359 arg1 ZnAlg 371:375 ZnAlg 371:375 ZnAlg 371:375 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 3 89 theme ZnAlg 417:421 arg1 microspheres 423:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres 407:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface 407:470 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 9 90 theme hemostatic 1255:1264 arg1 effects 1266:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects 1240:1272 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells 1240:1357 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 8 91 theme shorter 1038:1044 arg1 onset 1046:1050 shorter onset 1038:1050 shorter onset of clot formation 1038:1068 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 9 92 theme physical 1449:1456 arg1 blocking 1458:1465 (3) physical blocking 1445:1465 (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix 1445:1487 The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres. 29407154 3 93 theme CS 414:415 arg1 microspheres 423:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres 407:434 porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface 407:470 To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. 29407154 0 94 theme enhanced 53:60 arg1 thrombosis 62:71 thrombosis 62:71 thrombosis 62:71 Porous chitosan microspheres containing zinc ion for enhanced thrombosis and hemostasis. 29407154 6 95 theme interconnected 827:840 arg1 structure 849:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 an outer and internal interconnected porous structure 805:857 The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. 29407154 8 96 theme formation 1060:1068 arg1 clot 1133:1136 much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot 1071:1136 much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot 1071:1136 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 96 theme formation 1060:1068 arg1 time 1179:1182 shorter hemostatic time 1160:1182 shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models 1160:1237 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 96 theme formation 1060:1068 arg1 loss 1150:1153 less blood loss 1139:1153 less blood loss 1139:1153 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 8 96 theme formation 1060:1068 arg1 onset 1046:1050 shorter onset 1038:1050 shorter onset of clot formation 1038:1068 Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. 29407154 4 97 theme induced 584:590 arg1 separation 598:607 thermally induced phase separation 574:607 thermally induced phase separation 574:607 Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. 29221797 0 0 theme silver 85:90 arg1 activity 43:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity 14:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens 14:151 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 1 1 theme food 344:347 arg1 products 349:356 edible food products 337:356 edible food products 337:356 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 7 2 theme self-assembly 1199:1211 arg1 method 1213:1218 self-assembly method 1199:1218 self-assembly method 1199:1218 The materials in nano scale synthesized successfully using self-assembly method, which showed good antimicrobial properties. 29221797 3 3 theme Silver 526:531 arg1 nanoparticles 533:545 Silver nanoparticles 526:545 Silver nanoparticles 526:545 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 0 4 theme nano 80:83 arg1 silver 85:90 nano silver 80:90 nano silver 80:90 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 1 5 dep pathogens 294:302 arg1 surface 358:364 surface 358:364 surface 358:364 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 2 6 theme nano 512:515 arg1 polymer 517:523 organized chitosan nano polymer 493:523 organized chitosan nano polymer 493:523 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 6 7 theme silver 1052:1057 arg1 nanoparticles 1059:1071 The silver nanoparticles 1048:1071 The silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer 1048:1103 The silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer caused the death of microorganism. 29221797 0 8 theme chitosan-nano 96:108 arg1 composite 117:125 chitosan-nano silver composite 96:125 chitosan-nano silver composite 96:125 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 3 9 theme chitosan 582:589 arg1 polymer 596:602 chitosan nano polymer 582:602 chitosan nano polymer 582:602 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 5 10 theme microorganism 1008:1020 arg1 growth 998:1003 growth 998:1003 growth 998:1003 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 5 10 theme microorganism 1008:1020 arg1 change 987:992 oxidative change 977:992 oxidative change 977:992 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 1 11 theme microbial 280:288 arg1 pathogens 294:302 pathogens 294:302 pathogens 294:302 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 3 12 theme electronic 718:727 arg1 SEM 741:743 SEM 741:743 SEM 741:743 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 3 12 theme electronic 718:727 arg1 microscope 729:738 Scanning electronic microscope 709:738 Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) 709:744 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 3 13 theme nano 591:594 arg1 polymer 596:602 chitosan nano polymer 582:602 chitosan nano polymer 582:602 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 7 14 from materials 1144:1152 arg1 scale 1162:1166 nano scale 1157:1166 nano scale 1157:1166 The materials in nano scale synthesized successfully using self-assembly method, which showed good antimicrobial properties. 29221797 0 15 theme composite 117:125 arg1 activity 43:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity 14:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens 14:151 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 5 16 theme higher 1033:1038 arg1 safety 1040:1045 higher safety 1033:1045 higher safety 1033:1045 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 1 17 theme investigation 170:182 arg1 aim 158:160 The aim 154:160 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles 154:221 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 0 18 theme silver 110:115 arg1 composite 117:125 chitosan-nano silver composite 96:125 chitosan-nano silver composite 96:125 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 2 19 theme organized 493:501 arg1 polymer 517:523 organized chitosan nano polymer 493:523 organized chitosan nano polymer 493:523 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 6 20 theme nano 1092:1095 arg1 polymer 1097:1103 chitosan nano polymer 1083:1103 chitosan nano polymer 1083:1103 The silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer caused the death of microorganism. 29221797 5 21 theme liquid 920:925 arg1 medium 927:932 liquid medium 920:932 liquid medium 920:932 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 2 22 theme nanoparticles 454:466 arg1 silver 472:477 silver 472:477 silver 472:477 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 2 22 theme nanoparticles 454:466 arg1 synthesis 434:442 synthesis 434:442 synthesis of silver nanoparticles 434:466 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 2 23 theme chitosan 503:510 arg1 polymer 517:523 organized chitosan nano polymer 493:523 organized chitosan nano polymer 493:523 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 4 24 theme protein 774:780 arg1 silver 794:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 2 25 theme silver 447:452 arg1 nanoparticles 454:466 silver nanoparticles 447:466 silver nanoparticles 447:466 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 7 26 theme nano 1157:1160 arg1 scale 1162:1166 nano scale 1157:1166 nano scale 1157:1166 The materials in nano scale synthesized successfully using self-assembly method, which showed good antimicrobial properties. 29221797 4 27 theme structured 763:772 arg1 silver 794:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 3 28 dep spectrometer 655:666 arg1 UV-vis 669:674 UV-vis 669:674 UV-vis 669:674 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 0 29 theme dependent 19:27 arg1 activity 43:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity 14:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens 14:151 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 0 30 theme several 135:141 arg1 pathogens 143:151 several pathogens 135:151 several pathogens 135:151 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 4 31 theme chitosan 869:876 arg1 polymer 883:889 chitosan nano polymer 869:889 chitosan nano polymer 869:889 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 4 32 theme nano 789:792 arg1 silver 794:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 5 33 from surface 951:957 arg1 medium 927:932 liquid medium 920:932 liquid medium 920:932 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 1 34 theme silver 202:207 arg1 nanoparticles 209:221 silver nanoparticles 202:221 silver nanoparticles 202:221 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 4 35 theme capped 782:787 arg1 silver 794:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 1 36 theme nanoparticles 209:221 arg1 preparation 187:197 preparation 187:197 preparation of silver nanoparticles 187:221 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 0 37 theme activity 43:50 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 0:152 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 3 38 theme visible 647:653 arg1 spectrometer 655:666 Ultra-violate visible spectrometer 633:666 Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis) 633:675 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 6 39 theme microorganism 1125:1137 arg1 death 1116:1120 the death 1112:1120 the death of microorganism 1112:1137 The silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer caused the death of microorganism. 29221797 5 40 theme Antimicrobial 892:904 arg1 ingredient 906:915 Antimicrobial ingredient 892:915 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium 892:932 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 0 41 theme antimicrobial 29:41 arg1 activity 43:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity 14:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens 14:151 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 1 42 dep rescue 372:377 arg1 effective 262:270 effective 262:270 effective 262:270 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 7 43 theme good 1234:1237 arg1 properties 1253:1262 good antimicrobial properties 1234:1262 good antimicrobial properties 1234:1262 The materials in nano scale synthesized successfully using self-assembly method, which showed good antimicrobial properties. 29221797 1 44 theme microbes 393:400 arg1 growth 383:388 the growth 379:388 the growth of microbes 379:400 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 7 45 theme antimicrobial 1239:1251 arg1 properties 1253:1262 good antimicrobial properties 1234:1262 good antimicrobial properties 1234:1262 The materials in nano scale synthesized successfully using self-assembly method, which showed good antimicrobial properties. 29221797 1 46 theme chitosan 233:240 arg1 polymer 247:253 chitosan nano polymer 233:253 chitosan nano polymer 233:253 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 0 47 theme self-assembled 55:68 arg1 chitosan 70:77 self-assembled chitosan 55:77 self-assembled chitosan 55:77 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 1 48 theme liquid 319:324 arg1 medium 326:331 liquid medium 319:331 liquid medium 319:331 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 4 49 theme nano 878:881 arg1 polymer 883:889 chitosan nano polymer 869:889 chitosan nano polymer 869:889 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 5 50 from ingredient 906:915 arg1 medium 927:932 liquid medium 920:932 liquid medium 920:932 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 3 51 theme Ultra-violate 633:645 arg1 spectrometer 655:666 Ultra-violate visible spectrometer 633:666 Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis) 633:675 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 3 52 theme X-ray 678:682 arg1 X-ray 697:701 X-ray 697:701 X-ray 697:701 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 3 52 theme X-ray 678:682 arg1 diffraction 684:694 X-ray diffraction 678:694 X-ray diffraction (X-ray) 678:702 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 3 53 theme Scanning 709:716 arg1 SEM 741:743 SEM 741:743 SEM 741:743 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 3 53 theme Scanning 709:716 arg1 microscope 729:738 Scanning electronic microscope 709:738 Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) 709:744 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 29221797 4 54 theme crystalline 751:761 arg1 silver 794:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver 747:799 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 1 55 theme nano 242:245 arg1 polymer 247:253 chitosan nano polymer 233:253 chitosan nano polymer 233:253 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 5 56 theme product 943:949 arg1 surface 951:957 food product surface 938:957 food product surface 938:957 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 5 57 theme oxidative 977:985 arg1 change 987:992 oxidative change 977:992 oxidative change 977:992 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 2 58 theme Self-assembly 403:415 arg1 approach 417:424 Self-assembly approach 403:424 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver 403:477 Self-assembly approach used to synthesis of silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 5 59 theme food 938:941 arg1 surface 951:957 food product surface 938:957 food product surface 938:957 Antimicrobial ingredient in liquid medium and food product surface provide to rescue oxidative change and growth of microorganism to provide higher safety. 29221797 6 60 theme chitosan 1083:1090 arg1 polymer 1097:1103 chitosan nano polymer 1083:1103 chitosan nano polymer 1083:1103 The silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer caused the death of microorganism. 29221797 0 61 theme chitosan 70:77 arg1 activity 43:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity 14:50 dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens 14:151 Evaluation of dose dependent antimicrobial activity of self-assembled chitosan, nano silver and chitosan-nano silver composite against several pathogens. 29221797 1 62 theme edible 337:342 arg1 products 349:356 edible food products 337:356 edible food products 337:356 The aim of this investigation to preparation of silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer, which effective against microbial and pathogens, when apply to liquid medium and edible food products surface, will rescue the growth of microbes. 29221797 4 63 theme 12 nm-29 nm 838:848 arg1 range 829:833 range 829:833 range of 12 nm-29 nm 829:848 The crystalline structured protein capped nano silver successfully synthesized at range of 12 nm-29 nm and organized into chitosan nano polymer. 29221797 3 64 theme silver 551:556 arg1 nanoparticles 558:570 silver nanoparticles 551:570 silver nanoparticles 551:570 Silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles organized chitosan nano polymer and film characterized using Ultra-violate visible spectrometer (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (X-ray), and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). 26471681 1 0 theme nanocomposite 167:179 arg1 films 181:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films 150:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 150:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 7 1 theme flexible 1138:1145 arg1 films 1147:1151 less resistant and more flexible films 1114:1151 less resistant and more flexible films 1114:1151 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 6 2 contain had 1017:1019 arg2 impact 1024:1029 no impact 1021:1029 no impact 1021:1029 TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of OEO had no impact on thermal stability of the films. 26471681 6 2 contain had 1017:1019 arg1 addition 1001:1008 the addition 997:1008 the addition of OEO 997:1015 TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of OEO had no impact on thermal stability of the films. 26471681 4 3 from wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 peaks 745:749 peaks 745:749 peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 745:790 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 3 from wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 amplitude 732:740 the amplitude 728:740 the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 728:790 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 3 4 dep control 526:532 arg1 revealed 571:578 revealed 571:578 revealed by SEM and AFM images 571:600 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 7 5 theme vapor 1179:1183 arg1 WVP 1199:1201 WVP 1199:1201 WVP 1199:1201 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 7 5 theme vapor 1179:1183 arg1 permeability 1185:1196 water vapor permeability 1173:1196 water vapor permeability (WVP) 1173:1202 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 7 6 theme resistant 1119:1127 arg1 films 1147:1151 less resistant and more flexible films 1114:1151 less resistant and more flexible films 1114:1151 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 8 7 theme Listeria 1343:1350 arg1 monocytogenes 1352:1364 Listeria monocytogenes 1343:1364 Listeria monocytogenes 1343:1364 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 7 theme Listeria 1343:1350 arg1 pathogens 1302:1310 four test food pathogens 1287:1310 four test food pathogens 1287:1310 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 3 8 theme bioactive 538:546 arg1 films 562:566 bioactive nanocomposite films 538:566 bioactive nanocomposite films 538:566 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 8 9 theme food 1297:1300 arg1 aureus 1335:1340 Staphylococcus aureus 1320:1340 Staphylococcus aureus 1320:1340 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 9 theme food 1297:1300 arg1 monocytogenes 1352:1364 Listeria monocytogenes 1343:1364 Listeria monocytogenes 1343:1364 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 9 theme food 1297:1300 arg1 enteritidis 1378:1388 Salmonella enteritidis 1367:1388 Salmonella enteritidis 1367:1388 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 9 theme food 1297:1300 arg1 coli 1406:1409 Escherichia coli 1394:1409 Escherichia coli 1394:1409 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 9 theme food 1297:1300 arg1 pathogens 1302:1310 four test food pathogens 1287:1310 four test food pathogens 1287:1310 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 1 10 theme Origanum 263:270 arg1 oil 293:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil 263:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 263:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 10 theme Origanum 263:270 arg1 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 4 11 dep wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 -1 773:774 -1 773:774 -1 773:774 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 11 dep wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 1451cm 781:786 1451cm 781:786 1451cm 781:786 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 11 dep wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 1242cm 766:771 1242cm 766:771 1242cm 766:771 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 11 dep wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 wavenumbers 754:764 wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 754:790 wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 754:790 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 11 dep wavenumbers 754:764 arg1 -1 788:789 -1 788:789 -1 788:789 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 8 12 theme distinctive 1244:1254 arg1 activity 1270:1277 distinctive antimicrobial activity 1244:1277 distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli 1244:1409 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 7 13 from decrease 1161:1168 arg1 WVP 1199:1201 WVP 1199:1201 WVP 1199:1201 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 7 13 from decrease 1161:1168 arg1 permeability 1185:1196 water vapor permeability 1173:1196 water vapor permeability (WVP) 1173:1202 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 3 14 theme nanocomposite 548:560 arg1 films 562:566 bioactive nanocomposite films 538:566 bioactive nanocomposite films 538:566 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 5 15 from increase 939:946 arg1 crystallinity 951:963 crystallinity 951:963 crystallinity 951:963 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 1 16 theme vulgare 272:278 arg1 oil 293:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil 263:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 263:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 16 theme vulgare 272:278 arg1 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 2 17 theme ionic 327:331 arg1 gelation 333:340 ionic gelation 327:340 ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm 327:448 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 26471681 5 18 theme film 916:919 arg1 matrix 921:926 the film matrix 912:926 the film matrix 912:926 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 4 19 theme essential 673:681 arg1 oil 683:685 essential oil 673:685 essential oil 673:685 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 2 20 theme 40-80nm 442:448 arg1 range 433:437 size range 428:437 size range of 40-80nm 428:448 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 26471681 8 21 theme bioactive 1218:1226 arg1 films 1228:1232 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films 1205:1232 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films 1205:1232 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 4 22 from amplitude 732:740 arg1 1451cm 781:786 1451cm 781:786 1451cm 781:786 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 22 from amplitude 732:740 arg1 1242cm 766:771 1242cm 766:771 1242cm 766:771 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 22 from amplitude 732:740 arg1 wavenumbers 754:764 wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 754:790 wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 754:790 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 3 23 theme surface 481:487 arg1 morphology 489:498 the surface morphology 477:498 the surface morphology 477:498 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 1 24 theme fish 192:195 arg1 gelatin 197:203 fish gelatin 192:203 fish gelatin (FG) 192:208 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 24 theme fish 192:195 arg1 FG 206:207 FG 206:207 FG 206:207 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 8 25 theme test 1292:1295 arg1 aureus 1335:1340 Staphylococcus aureus 1320:1340 Staphylococcus aureus 1320:1340 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 25 theme test 1292:1295 arg1 monocytogenes 1352:1364 Listeria monocytogenes 1343:1364 Listeria monocytogenes 1343:1364 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 25 theme test 1292:1295 arg1 enteritidis 1378:1388 Salmonella enteritidis 1367:1388 Salmonella enteritidis 1367:1388 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 25 theme test 1292:1295 arg1 coli 1406:1409 Escherichia coli 1394:1409 Escherichia coli 1394:1409 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 8 25 theme test 1292:1295 arg1 pathogens 1302:1310 four test food pathogens 1287:1310 four test food pathogens 1287:1310 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 6 26 theme OEO 1013:1015 arg1 addition 1001:1008 the addition 997:1008 the addition of OEO 997:1015 TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of OEO had no impact on thermal stability of the films. 26471681 1 27 theme gelatin 197:203 arg1 CSNPs 238:242 CSNPs 238:242 CSNPs 238:242 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 27 theme gelatin 197:203 arg1 nanoparticles 223:235 fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles 192:235 fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 192:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 28 theme L. 280:281 arg1 oil 293:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil 263:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 263:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 28 theme L. 280:281 arg1 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 2 29 theme sodium 359:364 arg1 tripolyphosphate 366:381 sodium tripolyphosphate 359:381 sodium tripolyphosphate 359:381 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 26471681 2 30 theme size 428:431 arg1 range 433:437 size range 428:437 size range of 40-80nm 428:448 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 26471681 1 31 theme essential 283:291 arg1 oil 293:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil 263:295 Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 263:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 31 theme essential 283:291 arg1 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 OEO 298:300 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 4 32 from increase 716:723 arg1 amplitude 732:740 the amplitude 728:740 the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 728:790 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 5 33 theme essential 893:901 arg1 oil 903:905 essential oil 893:905 essential oil 893:905 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 3 34 theme Remarkable 451:460 arg1 differences 462:472 Remarkable differences 451:472 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology 451:498 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 0 35 theme bioactive 15:23 arg1 gelatin/chitosan 30:45 bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan 15:45 bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan 15:45 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial properties. 26471681 5 36 theme oil 903:905 arg1 introduction 877:888 the introduction 873:888 the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix 873:926 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 2 37 theme spherical 402:410 arg1 morphology 412:421 a spherical morphology 400:421 a spherical morphology 400:421 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 26471681 7 38 theme OEO 1079:1081 arg1 Inclusion 1066:1074 Inclusion 1066:1074 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix 1066:1100 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 3 39 theme AFM 591:593 arg1 images 595:600 AFM images 591:600 AFM images 591:600 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 5 40 theme OEO-containing 817:830 arg1 films 832:836 OEO-containing films 817:836 OEO-containing films 817:836 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 5 41 theme Meanwhile 793:801 arg1 peaks 808:812 Meanwhile, XRD peaks 793:812 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films 793:836 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 0 42 theme gelatin/chitosan 30:45 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan 0:45 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial properties. 26471681 8 43 theme FG/CSNPs 1209:1216 arg1 films 1228:1232 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films 1205:1232 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films 1205:1232 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 0 44 theme fish 25:28 arg1 gelatin/chitosan 30:45 bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan 15:45 bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan 15:45 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial properties. 26471681 1 45 theme chitosan 214:221 arg1 CSNPs 238:242 CSNPs 238:242 CSNPs 238:242 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 1 45 theme chitosan 214:221 arg1 nanoparticles 223:235 fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles 192:235 fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 192:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 5 46 theme films 832:836 arg1 peaks 808:812 Meanwhile, XRD peaks 793:812 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films 793:836 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 8 47 theme antimicrobial 1256:1268 arg1 activity 1270:1277 distinctive antimicrobial activity 1244:1277 distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli 1244:1409 The FG/CSNPs bioactive films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against four test food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. 26471681 1 48 theme work 130:133 arg1 objective 112:120 The objective 108:120 The objective of this work 108:133 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 0 49 theme composite 61:69 arg1 films 71:75 composite films 61:75 composite films with antimicrobial properties 61:105 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial properties. 26471681 6 50 theme films 1059:1063 arg1 stability 1042:1050 thermal stability 1034:1050 thermal stability of the films 1034:1063 TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of OEO had no impact on thermal stability of the films. 26471681 1 51 from nanoparticles 223:235 arg1 films 181:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films 150:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 150:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 2 52 with gelation 333:340 arg1 tripolyphosphate 366:381 sodium tripolyphosphate 359:381 sodium tripolyphosphate 359:381 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 26471681 5 53 dep Meanwhile 793:801 arg1 XRD 804:806 XRD 804:806 XRD 804:806 Meanwhile, XRD peaks of OEO-containing films were more intense, indicating that the introduction of essential oil into the film matrix induces an increase in crystallinity. 26471681 3 54 from differences 462:472 arg1 morphology 489:498 the surface morphology 477:498 the surface morphology 477:498 Remarkable differences in the surface morphology were observed between the control and bioactive nanocomposite films as revealed by SEM and AFM images. 26471681 7 55 theme water 1173:1177 arg1 WVP 1199:1201 WVP 1199:1201 WVP 1199:1201 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 7 55 theme water 1173:1177 arg1 permeability 1185:1196 water vapor permeability 1173:1196 water vapor permeability (WVP) 1173:1202 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 4 56 theme FTIR 603:606 arg1 results 608:614 FTIR results 603:614 FTIR results 603:614 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 4 57 theme peaks 745:749 arg1 amplitude 732:740 the amplitude 728:740 the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1) 728:790 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 0 58 with films 71:75 arg1 properties 96:105 antimicrobial properties 82:105 antimicrobial properties 82:105 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial properties. 26471681 1 59 theme bio-based 157:165 arg1 films 181:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films 150:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 150:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 6 60 theme TGA 966:968 arg1 analysis 970:977 TGA analysis 966:977 TGA analysis 966:977 TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of OEO had no impact on thermal stability of the films. 26471681 0 61 theme antimicrobial 82:94 arg1 properties 96:105 antimicrobial properties 82:105 antimicrobial properties 82:105 Development of bioactive fish gelatin/chitosan nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial properties. 26471681 6 62 theme thermal 1034:1040 arg1 stability 1042:1050 thermal stability 1034:1050 thermal stability of the films 1034:1063 TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of OEO had no impact on thermal stability of the films. 26471681 1 63 theme active 150:155 arg1 films 181:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films 150:185 active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) 150:301 The objective of this work was to develop active bio-based nanocomposite films from fish gelatin (FG) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO). 26471681 4 64 theme polymer 654:660 arg1 matrix 662:667 polymer matrix 654:667 polymer matrix 654:667 FTIR results confirmed that an interaction between polymer matrix and essential oil had occurred, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of peaks at wavenumbers 1242cm(-1) and 1451cm(-1). 26471681 7 65 from Inclusion 1066:1074 arg1 matrix 1095:1100 the film matrix 1086:1100 the film matrix 1086:1100 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 7 66 theme film 1090:1093 arg1 matrix 1095:1100 the film matrix 1086:1100 the film matrix 1086:1100 Inclusion of OEO in the film matrix resulted in less resistant and more flexible films, with a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP). 26471681 2 67 theme chitosan 345:352 arg1 gelation 333:340 ionic gelation 327:340 ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm 327:448 CSNPs were obtained by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, which presented a spherical morphology with size range of 40-80nm. 24507278 3 0 theme temperature 323:333 arg1 effect 313:318 The effect 309:318 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time 309:428 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 5 1 attach attached 606:613 arg2 Ag-NPs 599:604 Ag-NPs 599:604 Ag-NPs 599:604 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 5 1 attach attached 606:613 arg1 SPG 618:620 SPG 618:620 SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix 618:753 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 5 2 theme biopolymer 737:746 arg1 matrix 748:753 the biopolymer matrix 733:753 the biopolymer matrix 733:753 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 5 3 theme strong 632:637 arg1 interaction 652:662 a strong non-covalent interaction 630:662 a strong non-covalent interaction 630:662 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 4 4 theme obtained 453:460 arg1 schizophyllan/Ag-NP 462:480 The obtained schizophyllan/Ag-NP 449:480 The obtained schizophyllan/Ag-NP 449:480 The obtained schizophyllan/Ag-NP was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, X-ray diffraction, TGA, and ATR-FTIR. 24507278 3 5 theme nitrate/schizophyllan 343:363 arg1 concentrations 365:378 silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations 336:378 silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations 336:378 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 5 6 theme non-covalent 639:650 arg1 interaction 652:662 a strong non-covalent interaction 630:662 a strong non-covalent interaction 630:662 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 2 7 theme reducing 276:283 arg1 schizophyllan 225:237 Triple helical schizophyllan 210:237 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) 210:243 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 7 theme reducing 276:283 arg1 agents 301:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 3 8 theme concentrations 365:378 arg1 effect 313:318 The effect 309:318 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time 309:428 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 7 9 theme fibroblast 910:919 arg1 line 921:924 mouse fibroblast line 904:924 mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) 904:934 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 9 theme fibroblast 910:919 arg1 NIH-3T3 927:933 NIH-3T3 927:933 NIH-3T3 927:933 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 1 10 theme Silver 95:100 arg1 Ag-NPs 117:122 Ag-NPs 117:122 Ag-NPs 117:122 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been successfully prepared with a simple and "green" chemical reduction method. 24507278 1 10 theme Silver 95:100 arg1 nanoparticles 102:114 Silver nanoparticles 95:114 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) 95:123 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been successfully prepared with a simple and "green" chemical reduction method. 24507278 2 11 used used 249:252 arg2 schizophyllan 225:237 Triple helical schizophyllan 210:237 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) 210:243 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 11 used used 249:252 arg2 agents 301:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 11 used used 249:252 arg2 SPG 240:242 SPG 240:242 SPG 240:242 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 3 12 theme silver 336:341 arg1 concentrations 365:378 silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations 336:378 silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations 336:378 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 4 13 theme UV-vis 503:508 arg1 spectroscopy 510:521 UV-vis spectroscopy 503:521 UV-vis spectroscopy 503:521 The obtained schizophyllan/Ag-NP was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, X-ray diffraction, TGA, and ATR-FTIR. 24507278 6 14 theme triple 805:810 arg1 structure 820:828 the triple helical structure 801:828 the triple helical structure of SPG 801:835 By increasing the pH of the reaction medium, the triple helical structure of SPG was partially broken. 24507278 2 15 theme first 262:266 arg1 time 268:271 the first time 258:271 the first time 258:271 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 1 16 theme " 181:181 arg1 method 202:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been successfully prepared with a simple and "green" chemical reduction method. 24507278 6 17 theme SPG 833:835 arg1 structure 820:828 the triple helical structure 801:828 the triple helical structure of SPG 801:835 By increasing the pH of the reaction medium, the triple helical structure of SPG was partially broken. 24507278 7 18 theme mouse 904:908 arg1 line 921:924 mouse fibroblast line 904:924 mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) 904:934 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 18 theme mouse 904:908 arg1 NIH-3T3 927:933 NIH-3T3 927:933 NIH-3T3 927:933 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 3 19 theme medium 401:406 arg1 temperature 323:333 temperature 323:333 temperature 323:333 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 3 19 theme medium 401:406 arg1 pH 381:382 pH 381:382 pH of the reactions medium 381:406 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 3 19 theme medium 401:406 arg1 time 425:428 the reaction time 412:428 the reaction time 412:428 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 3 19 theme medium 401:406 arg1 concentrations 365:378 silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations 336:378 silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations 336:378 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 3 20 theme reaction 416:423 arg1 time 425:428 the reaction time 412:428 the reaction time 412:428 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 3 21 theme time 425:428 arg1 effect 313:318 The effect 309:318 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time 309:428 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 1 22 theme chemical 183:190 arg1 method 202:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been successfully prepared with a simple and "green" chemical reduction method. 24507278 2 23 theme stabilizing 289:299 arg1 schizophyllan 225:237 Triple helical schizophyllan 210:237 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) 210:243 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 23 theme stabilizing 289:299 arg1 agents 301:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 5 24 with Ag-NPs 695:700 arg1 diameter 709:716 a diameter 707:716 a diameter of 6 nm 707:724 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 3 25 theme pH 381:382 arg1 effect 313:318 The effect 309:318 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time 309:428 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 5 26 theme Ag-NPs 695:700 arg1 dispersion 681:690 good dispersion 676:690 good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix 676:753 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 1 27 theme reduction 192:200 arg1 method 202:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been successfully prepared with a simple and "green" chemical reduction method. 24507278 6 28 theme helical 812:818 arg1 structure 820:828 the triple helical structure 801:828 the triple helical structure of SPG 801:835 By increasing the pH of the reaction medium, the triple helical structure of SPG was partially broken. 24507278 3 29 theme reactions 391:399 arg1 medium 401:406 the reactions medium 387:406 the reactions medium 387:406 The effect of temperature, silver nitrate/schizophyllan concentrations, pH of the reactions medium and the reaction time were investigated. 24507278 0 30 theme composite 84:92 arg1 characterization 13:28 characterization 13:28 characterization 13:28 Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity of schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite. 24507278 0 30 theme composite 84:92 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity of schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite. 24507278 0 30 theme composite 84:92 arg1 cytotoxicity 34:45 cytotoxicity 34:45 cytotoxicity 34:45 Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity of schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite. 24507278 0 31 theme schizophyllan/silver 50:69 arg1 composite 84:92 schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite 50:92 schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite 50:92 Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity of schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite. 24507278 2 32 theme helical 217:223 arg1 SPG 240:242 SPG 240:242 SPG 240:242 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 32 theme helical 217:223 arg1 schizophyllan 225:237 Triple helical schizophyllan 210:237 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) 210:243 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 32 theme helical 217:223 arg1 agents 301:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 7 33 theme cell 959:962 arg1 line 964:967 human keratinocyte cell line 940:967 human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) 940:975 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 33 theme cell 959:962 arg1 HaCaT 970:974 HaCaT 970:974 HaCaT 970:974 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 34 theme SPG/AgNP 863:870 arg1 non-toxic 890:898 non-toxic 890:898 non-toxic 890:898 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 34 theme SPG/AgNP 863:870 arg1 nanocomposite 872:884 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite 859:884 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite 859:884 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 4 35 theme X-ray 534:538 arg1 diffraction 540:550 X-ray diffraction 534:550 X-ray diffraction 534:550 The obtained schizophyllan/Ag-NP was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, X-ray diffraction, TGA, and ATR-FTIR. 24507278 2 36 theme Triple 210:215 arg1 SPG 240:242 SPG 240:242 SPG 240:242 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 36 theme Triple 210:215 arg1 schizophyllan 225:237 Triple helical schizophyllan 210:237 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) 210:243 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 2 36 theme Triple 210:215 arg1 agents 301:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 reducing and stabilizing agents 276:306 Triple helical schizophyllan (SPG) was used for the first time as reducing and stabilizing agents. 24507278 5 37 theme good 676:679 arg1 dispersion 681:690 good dispersion 676:690 good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix 676:753 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 6 38 theme medium 793:798 arg1 pH 774:775 the pH 770:775 the pH of the reaction medium 770:798 By increasing the pH of the reaction medium, the triple helical structure of SPG was partially broken. 24507278 7 39 theme human 940:944 arg1 line 964:967 human keratinocyte cell line 940:967 human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) 940:975 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 39 theme human 940:944 arg1 HaCaT 970:974 HaCaT 970:974 HaCaT 970:974 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 5 40 theme nm 723:724 arg1 diameter 709:716 a diameter 707:716 a diameter of 6 nm 707:724 The results revealed that, Ag-NPs attached to SPG through a strong non-covalent interaction, leading to good dispersion of Ag-NPs with a diameter of 6 nm within the biopolymer matrix. 24507278 6 41 theme reaction 784:791 arg1 medium 793:798 the reaction medium 780:798 the reaction medium 780:798 By increasing the pH of the reaction medium, the triple helical structure of SPG was partially broken. 24507278 7 42 theme keratinocyte 946:957 arg1 line 964:967 human keratinocyte cell line 940:967 human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) 940:975 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 7 42 theme keratinocyte 946:957 arg1 HaCaT 970:974 HaCaT 970:974 HaCaT 970:974 The SPG/AgNP nanocomposite was non-toxic for mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 24507278 0 43 theme nanoparticle 71:82 arg1 composite 84:92 schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite 50:92 schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite 50:92 Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity of schizophyllan/silver nanoparticle composite. 24507278 1 44 theme simple 164:169 arg1 method 202:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 a simple and "green" chemical reduction method 162:207 Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been successfully prepared with a simple and "green" chemical reduction method. 27987909 6 0 theme recorded 1305:1312 arg1 efficiency 1314:1323 the recorded efficiency 1301:1323 the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively 1301:1414 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 4 1 theme thermal 836:842 arg1 stability 844:852 thermal stability 836:852 thermal stability 836:852 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 1 theme thermal 836:842 arg1 composition 808:818 its composition 804:818 its composition 804:818 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 3 2 theme self-assembled 664:677 arg1 membrane 679:686 self-assembled membrane 664:686 self-assembled membrane 664:686 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 5 3 theme % 1178:1178 arg1 porosity 1156:1163 the porosity 1152:1163 the porosity of 52.82±7.79% 1152:1178 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 5 4 theme well-distributed 1107:1122 arg1 structure 1136:1144 a well-distributed nano-porous structure 1105:1144 a well-distributed nano-porous structure 1105:1144 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 2 5 theme cellulose 386:394 arg1 extraction 372:381 the extraction 368:381 the extraction of cellulose 368:394 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 2 6 theme % 568:568 arg1 H2SO4 570:574 60wt% H2SO4 564:574 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min 564:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 1 7 theme kapok 182:186 arg1 pentandra 201:209 the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 178:210 the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 178:210 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 2 8 with hydrolysis 548:557 arg1 H2SO4 570:574 60wt% H2SO4 564:574 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min 564:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 1 9 theme cellulose 253:261 arg1 CNC 276:278 cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 253:312 CNC 276:278 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 5 10 theme self-assembled 1051:1064 arg1 membrane 1070:1077 a self-assembled CNC membrane 1049:1077 a self-assembled CNC membrane 1049:1077 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 2 11 theme 60wt 564:567 arg1 H2SO4 570:574 60wt% H2SO4 564:574 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min 564:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 5 12 theme AFM 1001:1003 arg1 analyses 1005:1012 The FESEM and AFM analyses 987:1012 analyses 1005:1012 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 1 13 theme nanocrystal 263:273 arg1 CNC 276:278 cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 253:312 CNC 276:278 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 3 14 theme membrane 679:686 arg1 preparation 649:659 the preparation 645:659 the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique 645:745 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 2 15 theme 60min 599:603 arg1 time 591:594 the optimum time 579:594 the optimum time of 60min 579:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 4 16 theme techniques 929:938 arg1 use 914:916 the use 910:916 the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA 910:984 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 17 with features 896:903 arg1 use 914:916 the use 910:916 the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA 910:984 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 6 18 theme good 1261:1264 arg1 capability 1277:1286 good adsorption capability 1261:1286 good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively 1261:1414 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 6 19 from 10mg/L 1344:1349 arg1 solution 1393:1400 an aqueous solution 1382:1400 an aqueous solution 1382:1400 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 4 20 theme composition 808:818 arg1 terms 795:799 terms 795:799 terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability 795:852 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 6 21 theme methylene 1364:1372 arg1 5mg/L 1355:1359 5mg/L 1355:1359 5mg/L 1355:1359 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 6 21 theme methylene 1364:1372 arg1 10mg/L 1344:1349 10mg/L 1344:1349 10mg/L 1344:1349 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 1 22 theme fibre 188:192 arg1 pentandra 201:209 the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 178:210 the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 178:210 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 2 23 theme bleaching 485:493 arg1 method 495:500 the typical acidified bleaching method 463:500 the typical acidified bleaching method 463:500 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 2 24 theme optimum 583:589 arg1 time 591:594 the optimum time 579:594 the optimum time of 60min 579:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 2 25 from pentandra 347:355 arg1 isolation 319:327 The isolation 315:327 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra 315:355 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 3 26 theme evaporation 725:735 arg1 technique 737:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 2 27 theme 5wt 440:442 arg1 NaOH 445:448 5wt% NaOH 440:448 5wt% NaOH 440:448 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 3 28 theme water 700:704 arg1 technique 737:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 3 29 theme suspension 706:715 arg1 technique 737:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 1 30 theme Ceiba 195:199 arg1 pentandra 201:209 the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 178:210 the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 178:210 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 0 31 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous 0:71 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 1 32 theme CNC 276:278 arg1 fabrication 238:248 the fabrication 234:248 the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 234:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 0 33 theme nanoporous 62:71 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous 0:71 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 1 34 theme pentandra 201:209 arg1 material 221:228 a raw material 215:228 a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 215:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 1 34 theme pentandra 201:209 arg1 utilisation 163:173 the rare utilisation 154:173 the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 154:210 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 0 35 theme cellulose 36:44 arg1 nanocrystal 46:56 cellulose nanocrystal 36:56 cellulose nanocrystal 36:56 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 3 36 theme casting 717:723 arg1 technique 737:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 the water suspension casting evaporation technique 696:745 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 2 37 theme CNC 520:522 arg1 production 524:533 the CNC production 516:533 the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min 516:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 6 38 theme adsorption 1266:1275 arg1 capability 1277:1286 good adsorption capability 1261:1286 good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively 1261:1414 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 2 39 theme alkali 413:418 arg1 extraction 420:429 the chemical alkali extraction 400:429 the chemical alkali extraction 400:429 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 6 40 theme % 1338:1338 arg1 efficiency 1314:1323 the recorded efficiency 1301:1323 the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively 1301:1414 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 4 41 theme structural 867:876 arg1 features 896:903 structural and morphological features 867:903 structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA 867:984 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 2 42 theme chemical 404:411 arg1 extraction 420:429 the chemical alkali extraction 400:429 the chemical alkali extraction 400:429 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 1 43 theme self-assembled 285:298 arg1 membranes 304:312 cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 253:312 membranes 304:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 5 44 theme FESEM 991:995 arg1 analyses 1005:1012 The FESEM and AFM analyses 987:1012 analyses 1005:1012 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 5 45 theme nano-porous 1124:1134 arg1 structure 1136:1144 a well-distributed nano-porous structure 1105:1144 a well-distributed nano-porous structure 1105:1144 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 0 46 theme nanocrystal 46:56 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous 0:71 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 1 47 theme CNC 300:302 arg1 membranes 304:312 cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 253:312 membranes 304:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 4 48 theme morphological 882:894 arg1 features 896:903 structural and morphological features 867:903 structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA 867:984 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 1 49 theme raw 217:219 arg1 material 221:228 a raw material 215:228 a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 215:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 1 49 theme raw 217:219 arg1 utilisation 163:173 the rare utilisation 154:173 the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 154:210 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 6 50 theme % 1330:1330 arg1 efficiency 1314:1323 the recorded efficiency 1301:1323 the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively 1301:1414 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 1 51 theme membranes 304:312 arg1 fabrication 238:248 the fabrication 234:248 the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 234:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 6 52 theme self-assembled 1223:1236 arg1 membrane 1242:1249 the self-assembled CNC membrane 1219:1249 the self-assembled CNC membrane 1219:1249 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 2 53 theme typical 467:473 arg1 method 495:500 the typical acidified bleaching method 463:500 the typical acidified bleaching method 463:500 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 2 54 theme % 443:443 arg1 NaOH 445:448 5wt% NaOH 440:448 5wt% NaOH 440:448 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 2 55 from time 591:594 arg1 H2SO4 570:574 60wt% H2SO4 564:574 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min 564:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 2 56 theme acid 543:546 arg1 hydrolysis 548:557 acid hydrolysis 543:557 acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min 543:603 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 AFM 961:963 AFM 961:963 AFM 961:963 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 TGA 982:984 TGA 982:984 TGA 982:984 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 techniques 929:938 several techniques 921:938 several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA 921:984 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 FTIR 950:953 FTIR 950:953 FTIR 950:953 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 TEM 966:968 TEM 966:968 TEM 966:968 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 FESEM 971:975 FESEM 971:975 FESEM 971:975 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 4 57 theme several 921:927 arg1 XRD 956:958 XRD 956:958 XRD 956:958 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 0 58 attach derived 101:107 arg1 pentandra 120:128 pentandra 120:128 pentandra 120:128 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 0 58 attach derived 101:107 arg2 membrane 92:99 CNC membrane 88:99 CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra 88:128 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 2 59 theme CNC 332:334 arg1 isolation 319:327 The isolation 315:327 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra 315:355 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 5 60 theme CNC 1066:1068 arg1 membrane 1070:1077 a self-assembled CNC membrane 1049:1077 a self-assembled CNC membrane 1049:1077 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 4 61 theme CNC 761:763 arg1 membrane 765:772 The obtained CNC membrane 748:772 The obtained CNC membrane 748:772 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 6 62 theme aqueous 1385:1391 arg1 solution 1393:1400 an aqueous solution 1382:1400 an aqueous solution 1382:1400 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 6 63 theme CNC 1238:1240 arg1 membrane 1242:1249 the self-assembled CNC membrane 1219:1249 the self-assembled CNC membrane 1219:1249 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 3 64 theme prepared 610:617 arg1 CNC 619:621 The prepared CNC 606:621 The prepared CNC 606:621 The prepared CNC was then employed for the preparation of self-assembled membrane through the water suspension casting evaporation technique. 27987909 4 65 theme obtained 752:759 arg1 membrane 765:772 The obtained CNC membrane 748:772 The obtained CNC membrane 748:772 The obtained CNC membrane was characterised in terms of its composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as, structural and morphological features with the use of several techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM, FESEM, and TGA. 27987909 1 66 theme rare 158:161 arg1 material 221:228 a raw material 215:228 a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes 215:312 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 1 66 theme rare 158:161 arg1 utilisation 163:173 the rare utilisation 154:173 the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) 154:210 This research involves the rare utilisation of the kapok fibre (Ceiba pentandra) as a raw material for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and self-assembled CNC membranes. 27987909 2 67 theme acidified 475:483 arg1 method 495:500 the typical acidified bleaching method 463:500 the typical acidified bleaching method 463:500 The isolation of CNC from Ceiba pentandra began with the extraction of cellulose via the chemical alkali extraction by using 5wt% NaOH, followed by the typical acidified bleaching method and, finally, the CNC production through acid hydrolysis with 60wt% H2SO4 at the optimum time of 60min. 27987909 6 68 from 5mg/L 1355:1359 arg1 solution 1393:1400 an aqueous solution 1382:1400 an aqueous solution 1382:1400 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 5 69 theme smooth 1086:1091 arg1 surface 1093:1099 a smooth surface 1084:1099 a smooth surface 1084:1099 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 27987909 0 70 theme CNC 88:90 arg1 membrane 92:99 CNC membrane 88:99 CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra 88:128 Physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystal and nanoporous self-assembled CNC membrane derived from Ceiba pentandra. 27987909 6 71 theme blue 1374:1377 arg1 methylene 1364:1372 methylene blue 1364:1377 methylene blue 1364:1377 In addition, the findings proved that the self-assembled CNC membrane displayed good adsorption capability indicated by the recorded efficiency of 79% and 85% for 10mg/L and 5mg/L of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, respectively. 27987909 5 72 theme membrane 1070:1077 arg1 achievement 1034:1044 the achievement 1030:1044 the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane 1030:1077 The FESEM and AFM analyses had illustrated the achievement of a self-assembled CNC membrane with a smooth surface and a well-distributed nano-porous structure, with the porosity of 52.82±7.79%. 26988531 0 0 theme esterification 70:83 arg1 degree 60:65 pectin degree 53:65 pectin degree of esterification using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 53:136 A green analytical method for rapid determination of pectin degree of esterification using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system. 26988531 3 1 with solutions 504:512 arg1 range 526:530 linear range 519:530 linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) 519:550 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057% (w/v) under optimal condition was achieved. 26988531 1 2 theme lab-on-valve 252:263 arg1 system 275:280 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system 225:280 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system 225:280 A novel method for automated determination pectin degree of esterification (DE) using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system is developed. 26988531 3 3 from solutions 504:512 arg1 determination 429:441 determination 429:441 determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) 429:550 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057% (w/v) under optimal condition was achieved. 26988531 1 4 theme automated 158:166 arg1 determination 168:180 automated determination 158:180 automated determination pectin degree of esterification (DE) 158:217 A novel method for automated determination pectin degree of esterification (DE) using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system is developed. 26988531 0 5 theme micro 91:95 arg1 system 131:136 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 91:136 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 91:136 A green analytical method for rapid determination of pectin degree of esterification using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system. 26988531 4 6 theme GalA 719:722 arg1 concentrations 662:675 concentrations 662:675 concentrations (w/v, %) of total GalA and non-esterified GalA 662:722 The difference between concentrations (w/v, %) of total GalA and non-esterified GalA was applied to estimate DE (%) of pectin samples. 26988531 3 7 theme linear 519:524 arg1 range 526:530 linear range 519:530 linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) 519:550 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057% (w/v) under optimal condition was achieved. 26988531 3 8 theme % 544:544 arg1 range 526:530 linear range 519:530 linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) 519:550 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057% (w/v) under optimal condition was achieved. 26988531 1 9 theme μSI-LOV 266:272 arg1 system 275:280 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system 225:280 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system 225:280 A novel method for automated determination pectin degree of esterification (DE) using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system is developed. 26988531 7 10 theme reagents 1100:1107 arg1 consumption 1074:1084 remarkably low consumption 1059:1084 remarkably low consumption of sample and reagents 1059:1107 The presented method requires remarkably low consumption of sample and reagents and is thereby environmental friendly. 26988531 4 11 theme total 689:693 arg1 GalA 695:698 total GalA 689:698 total GalA 689:698 The difference between concentrations (w/v, %) of total GalA and non-esterified GalA was applied to estimate DE (%) of pectin samples. 26988531 3 12 theme content 486:492 arg1 determination 429:441 determination 429:441 determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) 429:550 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057% (w/v) under optimal condition was achieved. 26988531 0 13 theme injection 108:116 arg1 system 131:136 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 91:136 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 91:136 A green analytical method for rapid determination of pectin degree of esterification using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system. 26988531 7 14 theme sample 1089:1094 arg1 consumption 1074:1084 remarkably low consumption 1059:1084 remarkably low consumption of sample and reagents 1059:1107 The presented method requires remarkably low consumption of sample and reagents and is thereby environmental friendly. 26988531 2 15 used used 369:372 arg2 RSM 360:362 RSM 360:362 RSM 360:362 A face-centered central composite response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise system parameters. 26988531 2 15 used used 369:372 arg2 methodology 347:357 A face-centered central composite response surface methodology 296:357 A face-centered central composite response surface methodology (RSM) 296:363 A face-centered central composite response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise system parameters. 26988531 4 16 theme non-esterified 704:717 arg1 GalA 719:722 non-esterified GalA 704:722 non-esterified GalA 704:722 The difference between concentrations (w/v, %) of total GalA and non-esterified GalA was applied to estimate DE (%) of pectin samples. 26988531 1 17 theme determination 168:180 arg1 degree 189:194 automated determination pectin degree 158:194 automated determination pectin degree of esterification (DE) 158:217 A novel method for automated determination pectin degree of esterification (DE) using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) system is developed. 26988531 0 18 theme sequential 97:106 arg1 system 131:136 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 91:136 micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system 91:136 A green analytical method for rapid determination of pectin degree of esterification using micro sequential injection lab-on-valve system. 26988531 3 19 theme calibration 407:417 arg1 graph 419:423 A calibration graph 405:423 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) 405:550 A calibration graph for determination of non-esterified galacturonic acid (GalA) content in pectin solutions with linear range of 0.08-0.34% (w/v) and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057% (w/v) under optimal condition was achieved. 26988531 5 20 theme proposed 860:867 arg1 method 879:884 proposed automated method 860:884 proposed automated method 860:884 Results indicated a good agreement (tstat250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 3 5 theme hard 516:519 arg1 cheese 521:526 soft and hard cheese 507:526 soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 507:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 6 6 theme structures 1231:1240 arg1 pores 1210:1214 the pores 1206:1214 the pores of such cheese structures 1206:1240 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 3 7 theme non-fat 657:663 arg1 cheese 671:676 a comparable non-fat model cheese 644:676 a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)) 644:699 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 4 8 theme aqueous 775:781 arg1 phase 783:787 "free" aqueous phase 768:787 "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage 768:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 2 9 from time 317:320 arg1 cheese 330:335 real cheese 325:335 real cheese 325:335 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 3 10 dep cheese 671:676 arg1 -1 696:697 -1 696:697 -1 696:697 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 10 dep cheese 671:676 arg1 s 694:694 ∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s 679:694 ∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1) 679:698 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 4 11 theme ripening 868:875 arg1 stage 877:881 ripening stage 868:881 ripening stage 868:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 6 12 theme cheese 1224:1229 arg1 structures 1231:1240 such cheese structures 1219:1240 such cheese structures 1219:1240 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 5 13 theme weight 983:988 arg1 coefficients 894:905 Diffusion coefficients 884:905 Diffusion coefficients 884:905 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 5 13 theme weight 983:988 arg1 function 953:960 a function 951:960 a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure 951:1043 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 3 14 theme dextrans 542:549 arg1 dextrans 542:549 dextrans 542:549 dextrans (10-500 kDa) 542:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 14 theme dextrans 542:549 arg1 kDa 559:561 10-500 kDa 552:561 10-500 kDa 552:561 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 14 theme dextrans 542:549 arg1 group 533:537 a group 531:537 a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 531:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 0 15 dep study 93:97 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules 0:88 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules: A study using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 26304396 6 16 theme tighter 1048:1054 arg1 network 1064:1070 A tighter protein network 1046:1070 A tighter protein network 1046:1070 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 6 17 with deformation 1090:1100 arg1 weight 1159:1164 a higher molecular weight 1140:1164 a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa) 1140:1175 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 6 17 with deformation 1090:1100 arg1 kDa 1172:1174 >250 kDa 1167:1174 >250 kDa 1167:1174 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 4 18 theme cheese-making 839:851 arg1 technology 853:862 cheese-making technology 839:862 cheese-making technology 839:862 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 3 19 theme μm 688:689 arg1 -1 696:697 -1 696:697 -1 696:697 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 19 theme μm 688:689 arg1 s 694:694 ∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s 679:694 ∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1) 679:698 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 20 theme effective 471:479 arg1 coefficients 491:502 Measured effective diffusion coefficients 462:502 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 462:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 6 21 theme protein 1056:1062 arg1 network 1064:1070 A tighter protein network 1046:1070 A tighter protein network 1046:1070 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 4 22 from cheese 804:809 arg1 present 789:795 present 789:795 present 789:795 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 6 23 theme molecular 1149:1157 arg1 weight 1159:1164 a higher molecular weight 1140:1164 a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa) 1140:1175 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 6 23 theme molecular 1149:1157 arg1 kDa 1172:1174 >250 kDa 1167:1174 >250 kDa 1167:1174 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 2 24 theme Recovery 261:268 arg1 technique 235:243 The technique 231:243 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching 231:289 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 1 25 theme cheese 159:164 arg1 technology 166:175 cheese technology 159:175 cheese technology 159:175 In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. 26304396 3 26 theme ∼ 679:679 arg1 -1 696:697 -1 696:697 -1 696:697 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 26 theme ∼ 679:679 arg1 s 694:694 ∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s 679:694 ∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1) 679:698 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 6 27 theme higher 1142:1147 arg1 weight 1159:1164 a higher molecular weight 1140:1164 a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa) 1140:1175 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 6 27 theme higher 1142:1147 arg1 kDa 1172:1174 >250 kDa 1167:1174 >250 kDa 1167:1174 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 3 28 from coefficients 491:502 arg1 cheese 521:526 soft and hard cheese 507:526 soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 507:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 2 29 theme first 311:315 arg1 time 317:320 the first time 307:320 the first time on real cheese 307:335 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 3 30 theme comparable 646:655 arg1 cheese 671:676 a comparable non-fat model cheese 644:676 a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)) 644:699 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 0 31 theme cheese 17:22 arg1 composition 24:34 cheese composition 17:34 cheese composition 17:34 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules: A study using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 26304396 5 32 theme molecular 973:981 arg1 weight 983:988 dextran molecular weight 965:988 dextran molecular weight 965:988 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 4 33 attach present 789:795 arg2 phase 783:787 "free" aqueous phase 768:787 "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage 768:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 4 33 attach present 789:795 arg1 cheese 804:809 the cheese 800:809 the cheese 800:809 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 3 34 theme Measured 462:469 arg1 coefficients 491:502 Measured effective diffusion coefficients 462:502 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 462:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 2 35 theme cheese 416:421 arg1 composition 423:433 the cheese composition 412:433 the cheese composition 412:433 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 0 36 theme Fluorescence 105:116 arg1 Recovery 118:125 Fluorescence Recovery 105:125 Fluorescence Recovery 105:125 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules: A study using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 26304396 1 37 theme diffusion 182:190 arg1 crucial 206:212 crucial 206:212 crucial 206:212 In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. 26304396 1 37 theme diffusion 182:190 arg1 phenomena 192:200 the diffusion phenomena 178:200 the diffusion phenomena 178:200 In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. 26304396 3 38 theme soft 507:510 arg1 cheese 521:526 soft and hard cheese 507:526 soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 507:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 0 39 theme composition 24:34 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules 0:88 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules: A study using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 26304396 5 40 theme cheese 1023:1028 arg1 microstructure 1030:1043 the cheese microstructure 1019:1043 the cheese microstructure 1019:1043 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 5 41 theme dextran 965:971 arg1 weight 983:988 dextran molecular weight 965:988 dextran molecular weight 965:988 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 4 42 theme dextrans 719:726 arg1 Diffusion 702:710 Diffusion 702:710 Diffusion of the dextrans 702:726 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 2 43 theme molecular 388:396 arg1 diffusion 398:406 molecular diffusion 388:406 molecular diffusion 388:406 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 5 44 theme microstructure 1030:1043 arg1 study 1010:1014 some study 1005:1014 some study of the cheese microstructure 1005:1043 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 4 45 theme present 789:795 arg1 phase 783:787 "free" aqueous phase 768:787 "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage 768:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 3 46 theme magnitude 602:610 arg1 order 593:597 the same order 584:597 the same order of magnitude 584:610 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 6 47 theme flexible 1111:1118 arg1 macromolecules 1120:1133 those flexible macromolecules 1105:1133 those flexible macromolecules 1105:1133 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 0 48 theme microstructure 40:53 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules 0:88 The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules: A study using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 26304396 4 49 theme phase 783:787 arg1 fraction 756:763 the fraction 752:763 the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage 752:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 5 50 theme law 931:933 arg1 relationship 935:946 a power law relationship 923:946 a power law relationship 923:946 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 5 51 theme power 925:929 arg1 relationship 935:946 a power law relationship 923:946 a power law relationship 923:946 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 2 52 theme real 325:328 arg1 cheese 330:335 real cheese 325:335 real cheese 325:335 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 1 53 from crucial 206:212 arg1 technology 166:175 cheese technology 159:175 cheese technology 159:175 In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. 26304396 3 54 theme same 588:591 arg1 order 593:597 the same order 584:597 the same order of magnitude 584:610 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 2 55 theme Fluorescence 248:259 arg1 Recovery 261:268 Fluorescence Recovery 248:268 Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching 248:289 The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstructure. 26304396 6 56 theme macromolecules 1120:1133 arg1 deformation 1090:1100 some deformation 1085:1100 some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa) 1085:1175 A tighter protein network will require some deformation of those flexible macromolecules with a higher molecular weight (>250 kDa), in order to diffuse through the pores of such cheese structures. 26304396 3 57 theme diffusion 481:489 arg1 coefficients 491:502 Measured effective diffusion coefficients 462:502 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 462:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 3 58 theme group 533:537 arg1 cheese 521:526 soft and hard cheese 507:526 soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) 507:562 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 26304396 4 59 from present 789:795 arg1 cheese 804:809 the cheese 800:809 the cheese 800:809 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 5 60 theme Diffusion 884:892 arg1 coefficients 894:905 Diffusion coefficients 884:905 Diffusion coefficients 884:905 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 5 60 theme Diffusion 884:892 arg1 function 953:960 a function 951:960 a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure 951:1043 Diffusion coefficients were modeled by a power law relationship as a function of dextran molecular weight, which allowed some study of the cheese microstructure. 26304396 1 61 from technology 166:175 arg1 crucial 206:212 crucial 206:212 crucial 206:212 In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. 26304396 1 61 from technology 166:175 arg1 phenomena 192:200 the diffusion phenomena 178:200 the diffusion phenomena 178:200 In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. 26304396 4 62 theme " 773:773 arg1 phase 783:787 "free" aqueous phase 768:787 "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage 768:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 4 63 attach linked 829:834 arg2 cheese 804:809 the cheese 800:809 the cheese 800:809 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 4 63 attach linked 829:834 arg1 technology 853:862 cheese-making technology 839:862 cheese-making technology 839:862 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 4 63 attach linked 829:834 arg1 stage 877:881 ripening stage 868:881 ripening stage 868:881 Diffusion of the dextrans was mainly dependent on the fraction of "free" aqueous phase present in the cheese, closely which is linked to cheese-making technology and ripening stage. 26304396 3 64 theme model 665:669 arg1 cheese 671:676 a comparable non-fat model cheese 644:676 a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)) 644:699 Measured effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were found to be in the same order of magnitude with values observed when using a comparable non-fat model cheese (∼ 0.1-20 μm(2) s(-1)). 28721622 2 0 theme soil 623:626 arg1 matrix 628:633 the soil matrix 619:633 the soil matrix 619:633 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 3 1 theme degradation 926:936 arg1 products 938:945 their major degradation products 914:945 their major degradation products 914:945 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 9 2 theme complexed 2056:2064 arg1 pesticide 2066:2074 the complexed pesticide 2052:2074 the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system 2052:2106 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 1 3 theme organic 250:256 arg1 compounds 258:266 organic compounds 250:266 organic compounds 250:266 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 7 4 theme polar 1740:1744 arg1 metabolites 1746:1756 polar metabolites 1740:1756 polar metabolites 1740:1756 The same was obtained for TCP and OH-CTL, highlighting the need to assess the risk of generating higher levels of groundwater contamination with polar metabolites if degradation rates are not controlled. 28721622 8 5 theme desorption 1811:1820 arg1 efficiency 1822:1831 The highest desorption efficiency 1799:1831 The highest desorption efficiency 1799:1831 The highest desorption efficiency was obtained for the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD. 28721622 7 6 theme contamination 1721:1733 arg1 levels 1699:1704 higher levels 1692:1704 higher levels of groundwater contamination 1692:1733 The same was obtained for TCP and OH-CTL, highlighting the need to assess the risk of generating higher levels of groundwater contamination with polar metabolites if degradation rates are not controlled. 28721622 9 7 theme CD-soil-pesticide 2083:2099 arg1 system 2101:2106 all CD-soil-pesticide system 2079:2106 all CD-soil-pesticide system 2079:2106 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 2 8 theme desorption 724:733 arg1 processes 735:743 the desorption processes 720:743 the desorption processes 720:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 7 9 theme higher 1692:1697 arg1 levels 1699:1704 higher levels 1692:1704 higher levels of groundwater contamination 1692:1733 The same was obtained for TCP and OH-CTL, highlighting the need to assess the risk of generating higher levels of groundwater contamination with polar metabolites if degradation rates are not controlled. 28721622 0 10 theme degradation 117:127 arg1 products 129:136 their main degradation products 106:136 their main degradation products 106:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 1 11 theme apparent 194:201 arg1 solubility 203:212 apparent solubility 194:212 apparent solubility 194:212 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 5 12 theme studied 1183:1189 arg1 soils 1191:1195 The studied soils 1179:1195 The studied soils 1179:1195 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 1 13 theme contaminated 403:414 arg1 soils 416:420 contaminated soils 403:420 contaminated soils 403:420 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 1 14 from application 349:359 arg1 technologies 387:398 innovative remediation technologies 364:398 innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils 364:420 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 2 15 theme CD 605:606 arg1 complex 608:614 CD complex 605:614 CD complex 605:614 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 9 16 theme sorption 2144:2151 arg1 coefficients 2153:2164 the apparent sorption coefficients 2131:2164 the apparent sorption coefficients 2131:2164 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 3 17 theme chlorpyrifos 848:859 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 2 18 theme CD 598:599 arg1 sorption 586:593 the possible sorption 573:593 the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes 573:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 6 19 theme pronounced 1530:1539 arg1 effect 1541:1546 the most pronounced effect 1521:1546 the most pronounced effect for CPF, a pesticide strongly sorbed on soils 1521:1592 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria was produced by the influence of Mβ-CD, with the most pronounced effect for CPF, a pesticide strongly sorbed on soils. 28721622 5 20 theme organic 1264:1270 arg1 contents 1279:1286 different organic matter contents 1254:1286 different organic matter contents 1254:1286 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 9 21 theme stability 2171:2179 arg1 constant 2181:2188 the stability constant 2167:2188 the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex 2167:2218 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 9 22 theme complex 1936:1942 arg1 adsorption 1918:1927 adsorption 1918:1927 adsorption of the complex 1918:1942 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 3 23 theme soil 810:813 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 2 24 theme complex 557:563 arg1 bioavailability 524:538 the bioavailability 520:538 the bioavailability of the inclusion complex 520:563 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 0 25 from Influence 0:8 arg1 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 39:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 0 25 from Influence 0:8 arg1 soils 151:155 different soils 141:155 different soils 141:155 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 9 26 theme CD-pesticide 2199:2210 arg1 complex 2212:2218 each CD-pesticide complex 2194:2218 each CD-pesticide complex 2194:2218 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 5 27 theme CDs 1423:1425 arg1 presence 1407:1414 the presence 1403:1414 the presence of all CDs 1403:1425 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 1 28 theme innovative 364:373 arg1 technologies 387:398 innovative remediation technologies 364:398 innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils 364:420 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 2 29 theme sorbed 673:678 arg1 CD 680:681 the sorbed CD 669:681 the sorbed CD 669:681 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 3 30 from CDs 803:805 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 0 31 theme selected 13:20 arg1 cyclodextrins 22:34 selected cyclodextrins 13:34 selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 13:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 5 32 theme mineral 1289:1295 arg1 composition 1297:1307 mineral composition 1289:1307 mineral composition 1289:1307 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 9 33 theme free 2258:2261 arg1 pesticide 2263:2271 free pesticide 2258:2271 free pesticide 2258:2271 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 9 34 from pesticide 2066:2074 arg1 system 2101:2106 all CD-soil-pesticide system 2079:2106 all CD-soil-pesticide system 2079:2106 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 1 35 theme complexes 303:311 arg1 formation 280:288 the formation 276:288 the formation of inclusion complexes 276:311 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 2 36 theme system 475:480 arg1 matrix 502:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 9 37 theme contaminant 2008:2018 arg1 bioavailability 1985:1999 the bioavailability 1981:1999 the bioavailability of the contaminant 1981:2018 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 0 38 from cyclodextrins 22:34 arg1 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 39:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 1 39 dep solubility 203:212 arg1 the 190:192 the 190:192 the 190:192 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 6 40 theme sorption 1456:1463 arg1 equilibria 1465:1474 sorption equilibria 1456:1474 sorption equilibria 1456:1474 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria was produced by the influence of Mβ-CD, with the most pronounced effect for CPF, a pesticide strongly sorbed on soils. 28721622 7 41 theme degradation 1761:1771 arg1 rates 1773:1777 degradation rates 1761:1777 degradation rates 1761:1777 The same was obtained for TCP and OH-CTL, highlighting the need to assess the risk of generating higher levels of groundwater contamination with polar metabolites if degradation rates are not controlled. 28721622 9 42 from increase 1969:1976 arg1 bioavailability 1985:1999 the bioavailability 1981:1999 the bioavailability of the contaminant 1981:2018 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 5 43 theme apparent 1322:1329 arg1 constants 1340:1348 The apparent sorption constants 1318:1348 The apparent sorption constants 1318:1348 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 5 43 theme apparent 1322:1329 arg1 lower 1369:1373 lower 1369:1373 lower 1369:1373 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 3 44 theme major 920:924 arg1 products 938:945 their major degradation products 914:945 their major degradation products 914:945 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 8 45 theme highest 1803:1809 arg1 efficiency 1822:1831 The highest desorption efficiency 1799:1831 The highest desorption efficiency 1799:1831 The highest desorption efficiency was obtained for the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD. 28721622 1 46 theme compounds 258:266 arg1 variety 239:245 a variety 237:245 a variety of organic compounds 237:266 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 1 46 theme compounds 258:266 arg1 compounds 258:266 organic compounds 250:266 organic compounds 250:266 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 2 47 theme complex 608:614 arg1 sorption 586:593 the possible sorption 573:593 the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes 573:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 7 48 theme groundwater 1709:1719 arg1 contamination 1721:1733 groundwater contamination 1709:1733 groundwater contamination 1709:1733 The same was obtained for TCP and OH-CTL, highlighting the need to assess the risk of generating higher levels of groundwater contamination with polar metabolites if degradation rates are not controlled. 28721622 6 49 theme Mβ-CD 1509:1513 arg1 influence 1496:1504 the influence 1492:1504 the influence of Mβ-CD 1492:1513 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria was produced by the influence of Mβ-CD, with the most pronounced effect for CPF, a pesticide strongly sorbed on soils. 28721622 2 50 theme tertiary 466:473 arg1 matrix 502:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 0 51 theme products 129:136 arg1 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 39:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 2 52 theme possible 577:584 arg1 sorption 586:593 the possible sorption 573:593 the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes 573:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 5 53 dep orders 1211:1216 arg1 orders 1211:1216 the orders 1207:1216 the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol 1207:1247 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 5 53 dep orders 1211:1216 arg1 Ultisol 1227:1233 Ultisol 1227:1233 Ultisol 1227:1233 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 5 53 dep orders 1211:1216 arg1 Mollisol 1240:1247 Mollisol 1240:1247 Mollisol 1240:1247 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 5 53 dep orders 1211:1216 arg1 Andisol 1218:1224 Andisol 1218:1224 Andisol 1218:1224 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 0 54 theme different 141:149 arg1 soils 151:155 different soils 141:155 different soils 141:155 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 9 55 theme apparent 2135:2142 arg1 coefficients 2153:2164 the apparent sorption coefficients 2131:2164 the apparent sorption coefficients 2131:2164 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 1 56 theme soils 416:420 arg1 technologies 387:398 innovative remediation technologies 364:398 innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils 364:420 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 9 57 theme adsorption 1918:1927 arg1 degree 1908:1913 the degree 1904:1913 the degree of adsorption of the complex 1904:1942 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 9 57 theme adsorption 1918:1927 arg1 relevant 1947:1954 relevant 1947:1954 relevant 1947:1954 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 5 58 theme different 1254:1262 arg1 contents 1279:1286 different organic matter contents 1254:1286 different organic matter contents 1254:1286 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 3 59 theme different 793:801 arg1 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol 983:1016 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol 983:1016 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol 983:1016 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 3 59 theme different 793:801 arg1 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol 948:974 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol 948:974 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) 948:980 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 3 59 theme different 793:801 arg1 hydroxy-chlorothalonil 1023:1044 hydroxy-chlorothalonil 1023:1044 hydroxy-chlorothalonil 1023:1044 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 3 59 theme different 793:801 arg1 CDs 803:805 three different CDs 787:805 three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 787:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 0 60 theme chlorothalonil 76:89 arg1 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 39:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 2 61 from interactions 446:457 arg1 matrix 502:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 2 62 theme concurrent 704:713 arg1 complex 695:701 the complex 691:701 the complex 691:701 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 0 63 theme diazinon 92:99 arg1 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 39:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 3 64 theme diazinon 868:875 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 3 65 theme sorption-desorption 815:833 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 2 66 theme inclusion 547:555 arg1 complex 557:563 the inclusion complex 543:563 the inclusion complex 543:563 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 0 67 theme main 112:115 arg1 products 129:136 their main degradation products 106:136 their main degradation products 106:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 0 68 from sorption-desorption 39:57 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 0:156 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 2 69 theme CD 680:681 arg1 potential 656:664 the potential 652:664 the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes 652:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 1 70 theme remediation 375:385 arg1 technologies 387:398 innovative remediation technologies 364:398 innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils 364:420 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 3 71 from products 938:945 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 5 72 theme matter 1272:1277 arg1 contents 1279:1286 different organic matter contents 1254:1286 different organic matter contents 1254:1286 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 9 73 theme distribution 2229:2240 arg1 coefficients 2242:2253 the distribution coefficients 2225:2253 the distribution coefficients of free pesticide 2225:2271 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 0 74 theme cyclodextrins 22:34 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 0:156 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 2 75 theme different 436:444 arg1 interactions 446:457 the different interactions 432:457 the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 432:507 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 2 76 with concurrent 704:713 arg1 processes 735:743 the desorption processes 720:743 the desorption processes 720:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 1 77 theme inclusion 293:301 arg1 complexes 303:311 inclusion complexes 293:311 inclusion complexes 293:311 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 3 78 theme chlorothalonil 888:901 arg1 processes 835:843 soil sorption-desorption processes 810:843 soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL) 810:907 This work focuses in changes produced by three different CDs in soil sorption-desorption processes of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DZN), and chlorothalonil (CTL), and their major degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and hydroxy-chlorothalonil (OH-CTL). 28721622 2 79 theme CD/contaminant/soil 482:500 arg1 matrix 502:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix 462:507 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 9 80 theme pesticide 2263:2271 arg1 constant 2181:2188 the stability constant 2167:2188 the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex 2167:2218 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 9 80 theme pesticide 2263:2271 arg1 coefficients 2242:2253 the distribution coefficients 2225:2253 the distribution coefficients of free pesticide 2225:2271 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 9 80 theme pesticide 2263:2271 arg1 coefficients 2153:2164 the apparent sorption coefficients 2131:2164 the apparent sorption coefficients 2131:2164 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 0 81 theme chlorpyrifos 62:73 arg1 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption 39:57 sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products 39:136 Influence of selected cyclodextrins in sorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, and their main degradation products on different soils. 28721622 8 82 dep systems 1854:1860 arg1 systems 1854:1860 the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD 1850:1895 the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD 1850:1895 The highest desorption efficiency was obtained for the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD. 28721622 8 82 dep systems 1854:1860 arg1 DZN-Mβ-CD 1872:1880 DZN-Mβ-CD 1872:1880 DZN-Mβ-CD 1872:1880 The highest desorption efficiency was obtained for the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD. 28721622 8 82 dep systems 1854:1860 arg1 CTL-Mβ-CD 1887:1895 CTL-Mβ-CD 1887:1895 CTL-Mβ-CD 1887:1895 The highest desorption efficiency was obtained for the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD. 28721622 8 82 dep systems 1854:1860 arg1 CPF-β-CD 1862:1869 CPF-β-CD 1862:1869 CPF-β-CD 1862:1869 The highest desorption efficiency was obtained for the systems CPF-β-CD, DZN-Mβ-CD, and CTL-Mβ-CD. 28721622 6 83 theme equilibria 1465:1474 arg1 displacement 1440:1451 The highest displacement 1428:1451 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria 1428:1474 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria was produced by the influence of Mβ-CD, with the most pronounced effect for CPF, a pesticide strongly sorbed on soils. 28721622 9 84 theme distribution 2023:2034 arg1 coefficient 2036:2046 a distribution coefficient 2021:2046 a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system 2021:2106 Since the degree of adsorption of the complex is relevant to obtain an increase in the bioavailability of the contaminant, a distribution coefficient for the complexed pesticide in all CD-soil-pesticide system was estimated by using the apparent sorption coefficients, the stability constant for each CD-pesticide complex, and the distribution coefficients of free pesticide. 28721622 2 85 with sorption 586:593 arg1 potential 656:664 the potential 652:664 the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes 652:743 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 2 86 from sorption 586:593 arg1 matrix 628:633 the soil matrix 619:633 the soil matrix 619:633 However, the different interactions in the tertiary system CD/contaminant/soil matrix can affect the bioavailability of the inclusion complex through the possible sorption of CD and CD complex in the soil matrix, as well as with the potential of the sorbed CD to form the complex, concurrent with the desorption processes. 28721622 5 87 theme sorption 1331:1338 arg1 constants 1340:1348 The apparent sorption constants 1318:1348 The apparent sorption constants 1318:1348 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 5 87 theme sorption 1331:1338 arg1 lower 1369:1373 lower 1369:1373 lower 1369:1373 The studied soils belong to the orders Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol with different organic matter contents, mineral composition, and pH. The apparent sorption constants were significantly lower for the three pesticides in the presence of all CDs. 28721622 6 88 theme highest 1432:1438 arg1 displacement 1440:1451 The highest displacement 1428:1451 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria 1428:1474 The highest displacement of sorption equilibria was produced by the influence of Mβ-CD, with the most pronounced effect for CPF, a pesticide strongly sorbed on soils. 28721622 1 89 theme variety 239:245 arg1 bioavailability 218:232 bioavailability 218:232 bioavailability 218:232 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 28721622 1 89 theme variety 239:245 arg1 solubility 203:212 apparent solubility 194:212 apparent solubility 194:212 Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve the apparent solubility and bioavailability of a variety of organic compounds through the formation of inclusion complexes; accordingly, they are suitable for application in innovative remediation technologies of contaminated soils. 24788830 0 0 theme specific 57:64 arg1 content 79:85 site specific proteoglycan content 52:85 site specific proteoglycan content 52:85 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 7 1 theme T2 1131:1132 arg1 times 1146:1150 T2* relaxation times 1131:1150 T2* relaxation times 1131:1150 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 6 2 from strong 1054:1059 arg1 NP 1068:1069 the NP 1064:1069 the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) 1064:1092 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 6 2 from strong 1054:1059 arg1 p < 0.001 1083:1091 p < 0.001 1083:1091 p < 0.001 1083:1091 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 6 2 from strong 1054:1059 arg1 p < 0.001 1119:1127 p < 0.001 1119:1127 p < 0.001 1119:1127 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 6 2 from strong 1054:1059 arg1 AF 1104:1105 inner AF 1098:1105 inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001) 1098:1128 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 3 3 theme collagen 508:515 arg1 content 517:523 collagen content 508:523 collagen content 508:523 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 5 4 from location 929:936 arg1 stress 903:908 residual stress 894:908 residual stress 894:908 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 4 from location 929:936 arg1 content 857:863 sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content 822:863 sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content 822:863 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 4 from location 929:936 arg1 content 881:887 hydroxyproline content 866:887 hydroxyproline content 866:887 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 4 from location 929:936 arg1 strain 914:919 strain 914:919 strain 914:919 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 4 5 theme cadaveric 605:613 arg1 discs 630:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs were imaged using T2* MRI. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 AF 774:775 posterior AF 764:775 posterior AF 764:775 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 AF 798:799 outer AF 792:799 outer AF 792:799 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 fibrosis 748:755 anterior annulus fibrosis 731:755 anterior annulus fibrosis 731:755 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 pulposus 715:722 nucleous pulposus 706:722 nucleous pulposus 706:722 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 AF 784:785 inner AF 778:785 inner AF 778:785 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 6 dep locations 695:703 arg1 NP 727:728 NP 727:728 NP 727:728 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 7 theme posterior 764:772 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 7 theme posterior 764:772 arg1 AF 774:775 posterior AF 764:775 posterior AF 764:775 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 4 8 theme human 599:603 arg1 discs 630:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs were imaged using T2* MRI. 24788830 3 9 theme * 464:464 arg1 time 477:480 T2* relaxation time 462:480 T2* relaxation time 462:480 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 7 10 theme outer 1350:1354 arg1 p = 0.041 1393:1401 p = 0.041 1393:1401 p = 0.041 1393:1401 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 10 theme outer 1350:1354 arg1 AF 1356:1357 outer AF 1350:1357 outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041) 1350:1402 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 9 11 theme viable 1571:1576 arg1 tool 1578:1581 a clinically viable tool 1558:1581 a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes 1558:1652 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 9 11 theme viable 1571:1576 arg1 assessment 1529:1538 T2* MRI assessment 1521:1538 T2* MRI assessment of disc health 1521:1553 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 2 12 theme T2 302:303 arg1 MRI 306:308 Quantitative T2* MRI 289:308 Quantitative T2* MRI 289:308 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 6 13 theme s-GAG 995:999 arg1 contents 1001:1008 s-GAG contents 995:1008 s-GAG contents in all test locations 995:1030 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 6 14 theme T2 939:940 arg1 times 954:958 T2* relaxation times 939:958 T2* relaxation times 939:958 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 0 15 theme proteoglycan 66:77 arg1 content 79:85 site specific proteoglycan content 52:85 site specific proteoglycan content 52:85 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 5 16 theme T2 667:668 arg1 time 682:685 The T2* relaxation time 663:685 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 663:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 9 17 theme disc 1543:1546 arg1 health 1548:1553 disc health 1543:1553 disc health 1543:1553 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 2 18 theme Quantitative 289:300 arg1 MRI 306:308 Quantitative T2* MRI 289:308 Quantitative T2* MRI 289:308 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 6 19 from AF 1104:1105 arg1 strong 1054:1059 strong 1054:1059 strong 1054:1059 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 1 20 theme spinal 269:274 arg1 instability 276:286 spinal instability 269:286 spinal instability 269:286 Degeneration alters the biochemical composition of the disc, affecting the mechanical integrity leading to spinal instability. 24788830 0 21 theme residual 91:98 arg1 mechanics 100:108 residual mechanics 91:108 residual mechanics 91:108 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 4 22 theme * 656:656 arg1 MRI 658:660 T2* MRI 654:660 T2* MRI 654:660 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs were imaged using T2* MRI. 24788830 9 23 theme degenerative 1633:1644 arg1 changes 1646:1652 degenerative changes 1633:1652 degenerative changes 1633:1652 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 3 24 theme compressive 530:540 arg1 mechanics 542:550 compressive mechanics 530:550 compressive mechanics 530:550 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 6 25 theme test 1017:1020 arg1 locations 1022:1030 all test locations 1013:1030 all test locations 1013:1030 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 4 26 theme lumbar 615:620 arg1 discs 630:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs were imaged using T2* MRI. 24788830 6 27 theme relaxation 943:952 arg1 times 954:958 T2* relaxation times 939:958 T2* relaxation times 939:958 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 5 28 theme inner 778:782 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 28 theme inner 778:782 arg1 AF 784:785 inner AF 778:785 inner AF 778:785 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 0 29 theme T2 13:14 arg1 times 38:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 7 30 theme * 1133:1133 arg1 times 1146:1150 T2* relaxation times 1131:1150 T2* relaxation times 1131:1150 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 9 31 theme * 1523:1523 arg1 assessment 1529:1538 T2* MRI assessment 1521:1538 T2* MRI assessment of disc health 1521:1553 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 9 31 theme * 1523:1523 arg1 tool 1578:1581 a clinically viable tool 1558:1581 a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes 1558:1652 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 7 32 theme relaxation 1135:1144 arg1 times 1146:1150 T2* relaxation times 1131:1150 T2* relaxation times 1131:1150 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 2 33 theme water 317:321 arg1 mobility 323:330 water mobility 317:330 water mobility 317:330 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 5 34 theme relaxation 671:680 arg1 time 682:685 The T2* relaxation time 663:685 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 663:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 2 35 theme sensitive 386:394 arg1 assessment 396:405 a potentially more sensitive assessment 367:405 a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health 367:420 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 2 35 theme sensitive 386:394 arg1 network 358:364 the macromolecular network 339:364 the macromolecular network 339:364 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 0 36 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 times 38:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 9 37 theme MRI 1525:1527 arg1 assessment 1529:1538 T2* MRI assessment 1521:1538 T2* MRI assessment of disc health 1521:1553 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 9 37 theme MRI 1525:1527 arg1 tool 1578:1581 a clinically viable tool 1558:1581 a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes 1558:1652 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 5 38 theme residual 894:901 arg1 stress 903:908 residual stress 894:908 residual stress 894:908 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 1 39 theme biochemical 186:196 arg1 composition 198:208 the biochemical composition 182:208 the biochemical composition of the disc 182:220 Degeneration alters the biochemical composition of the disc, affecting the mechanical integrity leading to spinal instability. 24788830 6 40 from contents 1001:1008 arg1 locations 1022:1030 all test locations 1013:1030 all test locations 1013:1030 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 3 41 theme degenerative 567:578 arg1 spectrum 580:587 the degenerative spectrum 563:587 the degenerative spectrum 563:587 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 3 42 theme relaxation 466:475 arg1 time 477:480 T2* relaxation time 462:480 T2* relaxation time 462:480 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 0 43 theme * 15:15 arg1 times 38:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 7 44 from strains 1227:1233 arg1 NP 1242:1243 the NP 1238:1243 the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001) 1238:1288 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 44 from strains 1227:1233 arg1 p = 0.041 1393:1401 p = 0.041 1393:1401 p = 0.041 1393:1401 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 44 from strains 1227:1233 arg1 p = 0.028 1334:1342 p = 0.028 1334:1342 p = 0.028 1334:1342 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 44 from strains 1227:1233 arg1 p < 0.001 1279:1287 p < 0.001 1279:1287 p < 0.001 1279:1287 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 44 from strains 1227:1233 arg1 AF 1356:1357 outer AF 1350:1357 outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041) 1350:1402 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 44 from strains 1227:1233 arg1 AF 1297:1298 inner AF 1291:1298 inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028) 1291:1343 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 2 45 theme * 304:304 arg1 MRI 306:308 Quantitative T2* MRI 289:308 Quantitative T2* MRI 289:308 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 8 46 theme * 1443:1443 arg1 ability 1451:1457 T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1441:1518 T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1441:1518 These strong correlations highlight T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc. 24788830 5 47 theme outer 792:796 arg1 AF 798:799 outer AF 792:799 outer AF 792:799 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 47 theme outer 792:796 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 0 48 theme star 21:24 arg1 times 38:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 7 49 theme excised 1219:1225 arg1 strains 1227:1233 excised strains 1219:1233 excised strains 1219:1233 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 0 50 theme intervertebral 117:130 arg1 disc 132:135 the intervertebral disc 113:135 the intervertebral disc 113:135 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 3 51 theme T2 462:463 arg1 time 477:480 T2* relaxation time 462:480 T2* relaxation time 462:480 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 4 52 theme T2 654:655 arg1 MRI 658:660 T2* MRI 654:660 T2* MRI 654:660 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs were imaged using T2* MRI. 24788830 5 53 theme sulfated-glycosaminoglycan 822:847 arg1 content 857:863 sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content 822:863 sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content 822:863 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 2 54 theme health 415:420 arg1 assessment 396:405 a potentially more sensitive assessment 367:405 a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health 367:420 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 2 54 theme health 415:420 arg1 network 358:364 the macromolecular network 339:364 the macromolecular network 339:364 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 0 55 theme T2 18:19 arg1 times 38:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 8 56 theme T2 1441:1442 arg1 ability 1451:1457 T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1441:1518 T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1441:1518 These strong correlations highlight T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc. 24788830 5 57 theme nucleous 706:713 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 57 theme nucleous 706:713 arg1 pulposus 715:722 nucleous pulposus 706:722 nucleous pulposus 706:722 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 6 58 theme * 941:941 arg1 times 954:958 T2* relaxation times 939:958 T2* relaxation times 939:958 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 6 59 from NP 1068:1069 arg1 strong 1054:1059 strong 1054:1059 strong 1054:1059 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 1 60 theme disc 217:220 arg1 composition 198:208 the biochemical composition 182:208 the biochemical composition of the disc 182:220 Degeneration alters the biochemical composition of the disc, affecting the mechanical integrity leading to spinal instability. 24788830 0 61 theme relaxation 27:36 arg1 times 38:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times 0:42 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 5 62 theme * 669:669 arg1 time 682:685 The T2* relaxation time 663:685 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 663:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 8 63 theme mechanical 1490:1499 arg1 health 1501:1506 the biochemical and mechanical health 1470:1506 the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1470:1518 These strong correlations highlight T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc. 24788830 2 64 theme macromolecular 343:356 arg1 assessment 396:405 a potentially more sensitive assessment 367:405 a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health 367:420 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 2 64 theme macromolecular 343:356 arg1 network 358:364 the macromolecular network 339:364 the macromolecular network 339:364 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 9 65 theme health 1548:1553 arg1 assessment 1529:1538 T2* MRI assessment 1521:1538 T2* MRI assessment of disc health 1521:1553 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 9 65 theme health 1548:1553 arg1 tool 1578:1581 a clinically viable tool 1558:1581 a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes 1558:1652 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 5 66 from locations 695:703 arg1 time 682:685 The T2* relaxation time 663:685 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 663:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 0 67 theme disc 132:135 arg1 content 79:85 site specific proteoglycan content 52:85 site specific proteoglycan content 52:85 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 0 67 theme disc 132:135 arg1 mechanics 100:108 residual mechanics 91:108 residual mechanics 91:108 Quantitative T2* (T2 star) relaxation times predict site specific proteoglycan content and residual mechanics of the intervertebral disc throughout degeneration. 24788830 8 68 theme strong 1411:1416 arg1 correlations 1418:1429 These strong correlations 1405:1429 These strong correlations 1405:1429 These strong correlations highlight T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc. 24788830 9 69 theme T2 1521:1522 arg1 assessment 1529:1538 T2* MRI assessment 1521:1538 T2* MRI assessment of disc health 1521:1553 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 9 69 theme T2 1521:1522 arg1 tool 1578:1581 a clinically viable tool 1558:1581 a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes 1558:1652 T2* MRI assessment of disc health is a clinically viable tool showing promise as a biomarker for distinguishing degenerative changes. 24788830 7 70 theme residual 1197:1204 arg1 stresses 1206:1213 residual stresses 1197:1213 residual stresses 1197:1213 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 5 71 theme hydroxyproline 866:879 arg1 content 881:887 hydroxyproline content 866:887 hydroxyproline content 866:887 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 7 72 from stresses 1206:1213 arg1 NP 1242:1243 the NP 1238:1243 the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001) 1238:1288 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 72 from stresses 1206:1213 arg1 p = 0.041 1393:1401 p = 0.041 1393:1401 p = 0.041 1393:1401 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 72 from stresses 1206:1213 arg1 p = 0.028 1334:1342 p = 0.028 1334:1342 p = 0.028 1334:1342 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 72 from stresses 1206:1213 arg1 p < 0.001 1279:1287 p < 0.001 1279:1287 p < 0.001 1279:1287 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 72 from stresses 1206:1213 arg1 AF 1356:1357 outer AF 1350:1357 outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041) 1350:1402 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 72 from stresses 1206:1213 arg1 AF 1297:1298 inner AF 1291:1298 inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028) 1291:1343 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 73 theme inner 1291:1295 arg1 AF 1297:1298 inner AF 1291:1298 inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028) 1291:1343 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 7 73 theme inner 1291:1295 arg1 p = 0.028 1334:1342 p = 0.028 1334:1342 p = 0.028 1334:1342 T2* relaxation times were also significantly correlated with both residual stresses and excised strains in the NP (r = 0.857; p < 0.001: r = 0.816; p < 0.001), inner AF (r = 0.535; p = 0.022: r = 0.516; p = 0.028), and outer AF (r = 0.668; p = 0.002: r = 0.458; p = 0.041). 24788830 6 74 theme inner 1098:1102 arg1 AF 1104:1105 inner AF 1098:1105 inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001) 1098:1128 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 6 74 theme inner 1098:1102 arg1 p < 0.001 1119:1127 p < 0.001 1119:1127 p < 0.001 1119:1127 T2* relaxation times were significantly correlated with s-GAG contents in all test locations and were particularly strong in the NP (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) and inner AF (r = 0.782; p < 0.001). 24788830 3 75 theme proteoglycan 486:497 arg1 content 499:505 proteoglycan content 486:505 proteoglycan content 486:505 We determined the relationship between T2* relaxation time and proteoglycan content, collagen content, and compressive mechanics throughout the degenerative spectrum. 24788830 8 76 theme disc 1515:1518 arg1 health 1501:1506 the biochemical and mechanical health 1470:1506 the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1470:1518 These strong correlations highlight T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc. 24788830 4 77 theme L4-L5 623:627 arg1 discs 630:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs 590:634 Eighteen human cadaveric lumbar (L4-L5) discs were imaged using T2* MRI. 24788830 5 78 theme anterior 731:738 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 78 theme anterior 731:738 arg1 fibrosis 748:755 anterior annulus fibrosis 731:755 anterior annulus fibrosis 731:755 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 2 79 theme disc 410:413 arg1 health 415:420 disc health 410:420 disc health 410:420 Quantitative T2* MRI probes water mobility within the macromolecular network, a potentially more sensitive assessment of disc health. 24788830 5 80 theme annulus 740:746 arg1 locations 695:703 five locations 690:703 five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) 690:800 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 80 theme annulus 740:746 arg1 fibrosis 748:755 anterior annulus fibrosis 731:755 anterior annulus fibrosis 731:755 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 5 81 theme s-GAG 850:854 arg1 content 857:863 sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content 822:863 sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content 822:863 The T2* relaxation time at five locations (nucleous pulposus or NP, anterior annulus fibrosis or AF, posterior AF, inner AF, and outer AF) was correlated with sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) content, hydroxyproline content, and residual stress and strain at each location. 24788830 8 82 theme biochemical 1474:1484 arg1 health 1501:1506 the biochemical and mechanical health 1470:1506 the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc 1470:1518 These strong correlations highlight T2* MRI's ability to predict the biochemical and mechanical health of the disc. 24788830 1 83 theme mechanical 237:246 arg1 integrity 248:256 the mechanical integrity 233:256 the mechanical integrity leading to spinal instability 233:286 Degeneration alters the biochemical composition of the disc, affecting the mechanical integrity leading to spinal instability. 25431408 2 0 from values 210:215 arg1 membranes 283:291 different composite membranes 263:291 different composite membranes 263:291 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 0 1 from characterization 19:34 arg1 fabrics 83:89 nonwoven fabrics 74:89 nonwoven fabrics 74:89 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 4 2 theme chitosan 887:894 arg1 solution 896:903 3 percent chitosan solution 877:903 3 percent chitosan solution 877:903 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 3 theme immobilized 491:501 arg1 inulinase 512:520 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 491:520 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 491:520 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 4 theme enzyme 1063:1068 arg1 degree 1026:1031 60 degree 1023:1031 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse 1023:1102 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 5 5 theme Free 906:909 arg1 inulinase 920:928 Free U. atrum inulinase 906:928 Free U. atrum inulinase 906:928 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 4 6 theme nonwoven 849:856 arg1 fabric 858:863 polypropylene nonwoven fabric 835:863 polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution 835:903 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 1 7 theme chitosan/nonwoven 180:196 arg1 fabrics 198:204 chitosan/nonwoven fabrics 180:204 chitosan/nonwoven fabrics 180:204 Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 5 8 dep degree 1026:1031 arg1 Reusability 1036:1046 Reusability 1036:1046 Reusability 1036:1046 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 5 8 dep degree 1026:1031 arg1 up 1017:1018 up 1017:1018 up 1017:1018 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 3 9 theme atrum 371:375 arg1 inulinase 377:385 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 347:385 inulinase 377:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 0 10 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 fabrics 83:89 nonwoven fabrics 74:89 nonwoven fabrics 74:89 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 3 11 theme 1 582:582 arg1 percent 584:590 percent 584:590 percent 584:590 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 6 12 theme extended 1291:1298 arg1 periods 1300:1306 extended periods 1291:1306 extended periods 1291:1306 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 0 13 from atrum 65:69 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 0 13 from atrum 65:69 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 4 14 theme percent 757:763 arg1 chitosan 765:772 1 percent chitosan 755:772 1 percent chitosan 755:772 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 15 theme atrum 914:918 arg1 inulinase 920:928 Free U. atrum inulinase 906:928 Free U. atrum inulinase 906:928 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 3 16 theme polypropylene 539:551 arg1 fabrics 562:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics 525:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution 525:608 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 17 theme polypropylene 709:721 arg1 membranes 733:741 polyester and polypropylene composite membranes 695:741 membranes 733:741 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 18 theme immobilized 356:366 arg1 inulinase 377:385 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 347:385 inulinase 377:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 6 19 theme atrum 1200:1204 arg1 inulinase 1206:1214 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 1185:1214 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 1185:1214 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 4 20 theme optimum 626:632 arg1 temperature 634:644 optimum temperature 626:644 optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme 626:682 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 21 contain had 321:323 arg1 enzyme 314:319 The enzyme 310:319 The enzyme 310:319 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 21 contain had 321:323 arg2 pH 333:334 optimum pH 325:334 optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 325:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 22 theme U. 368:369 arg1 inulinase 377:385 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 347:385 inulinase 377:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 23 theme immobilized 813:823 arg1 enzyme 825:830 free and immobilized enzyme 804:830 free and immobilized enzyme 804:830 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 24 theme polyester 525:533 arg1 fabrics 562:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics 525:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution 525:608 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 25 from C 659:659 arg1 temperature 634:644 optimum temperature 626:644 optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme 626:682 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 26 theme degree 652:657 arg1 C 659:659 40 degree C 649:659 40 degree C 649:659 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 27 theme nonwoven 400:407 arg1 fabric 409:414 polyester nonwoven fabric 390:414 polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3) 390:463 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 28 theme free 804:807 arg1 enzyme 825:830 free and immobilized enzyme 804:830 free and immobilized enzyme 804:830 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 29 theme polypropylene 835:847 arg1 fabric 858:863 polypropylene nonwoven fabric 835:863 polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution 835:903 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 30 theme free 347:350 arg1 inulinase 377:385 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 347:385 inulinase 377:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 1 31 theme Ulocladium 92:101 arg1 inulinase 109:117 Ulocladium atrum inulinase 92:117 Ulocladium atrum inulinase 92:117 Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 6 32 theme free 1254:1257 arg1 enzyme 1259:1264 the free enzyme 1250:1264 the free enzyme 1250:1264 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 3 33 theme chitosan 438:445 arg1 PPNWF3 457:462 PPNWF3 457:462 PPNWF3 457:462 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 33 theme chitosan 438:445 arg1 solution 447:454 3 percent chitosan solution 428:454 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3) 428:463 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 6 34 theme immobilized 1185:1195 arg1 inulinase 1206:1214 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 1185:1214 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 1185:1214 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 3 35 from 5 485:485 arg1 fabrics 562:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics 525:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution 525:608 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 1 36 theme atrum 103:107 arg1 inulinase 109:117 Ulocladium atrum inulinase 92:117 Ulocladium atrum inulinase 92:117 Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 4 37 theme degree 791:796 arg1 C 798:798 50 degree C 788:798 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme 788:830 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 38 theme percent 584:590 arg1 solution 601:608 1 percent chitosan solution 582:608 1 percent chitosan solution 582:608 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 39 theme nonwoven 553:560 arg1 fabrics 562:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics 525:568 polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution 525:608 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 40 theme immobilized 985:995 arg1 enzyme 997:1002 the immobilized enzyme 981:1002 the immobilized enzyme 981:1002 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 3 41 theme polyester 390:398 arg1 fabric 409:414 polyester nonwoven fabric 390:414 polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3) 390:463 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 42 theme U. 911:912 arg1 inulinase 920:928 Free U. atrum inulinase 906:928 Free U. atrum inulinase 906:928 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 5 43 theme immobilized 1121:1131 arg1 enzyme 1133:1138 the immobilized enzyme 1117:1138 the immobilized enzyme 1117:1138 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 3 44 theme U. 503:504 arg1 inulinase 512:520 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 491:520 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 491:520 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 45 theme optimum 470:476 arg1 pH 478:479 optimum pH 470:479 optimum pH 470:479 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 46 theme immobilized 665:675 arg1 enzyme 677:682 immobilized enzyme 665:682 immobilized enzyme 665:682 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 2 47 theme Km 207:208 arg1 values 210:215 Km values 207:215 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes 207:291 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 3 48 theme chitosan 592:599 arg1 solution 601:608 1 percent chitosan solution 582:608 1 percent chitosan solution 582:608 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 6 49 from conclusion 1173:1182 arg1 stable 1238:1243 stable 1238:1243 stable 1238:1243 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 3 50 from 5.6 339:341 arg1 pH 333:334 optimum pH 325:334 optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 325:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 0 51 theme inulinase 39:47 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 0 51 theme inulinase 39:47 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 5 52 theme reuse 1098:1102 arg1 cycles 1088:1093 38 to 42 cycles 1079:1093 38 to 42 cycles of reuse 1079:1102 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 3 53 theme percent 430:436 arg1 PPNWF3 457:462 PPNWF3 457:462 PPNWF3 457:462 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 3 53 theme percent 430:436 arg1 solution 447:454 3 percent chitosan solution 428:454 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3) 428:463 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 2 54 theme inulinase 250:258 arg1 values 210:215 Km values 207:215 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes 207:291 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 4 55 theme percent 879:885 arg1 solution 896:903 3 percent chitosan solution 877:903 3 percent chitosan solution 877:903 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 56 theme immobilized 1051:1061 arg1 enzyme 1063:1068 immobilized enzyme 1051:1068 immobilized enzyme 1051:1068 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 2 57 theme atrum 244:248 arg1 inulinase 250:258 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 220:258 inulinase 250:258 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 4 58 theme 3 877:877 arg1 percent 879:885 percent 879:885 percent 879:885 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 2 59 theme immobilized 229:239 arg1 inulinase 250:258 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 220:258 inulinase 250:258 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 2 60 theme U. 241:242 arg1 inulinase 250:258 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 220:258 inulinase 250:258 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 4 61 theme polyester 695:703 arg1 membranes 733:741 polyester and polypropylene composite membranes 695:741 membranes 733:741 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 62 theme enzyme 997:1002 arg1 stability 968:976 thermal stability 960:976 thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme 960:1002 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 5 63 theme thermal 960:966 arg1 stability 968:976 thermal stability 960:976 thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme 960:1002 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 4 64 from C 798:798 arg1 fabric 858:863 polypropylene nonwoven fabric 835:863 polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution 835:903 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 1 65 theme different 138:146 arg1 membranes 158:166 different composite membranes 138:166 different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics 138:204 Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 4 66 theme 1 755:755 arg1 percent 757:763 percent 757:763 percent 757:763 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 6 67 theme U. 1197:1198 arg1 inulinase 1206:1214 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 1185:1214 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 1185:1214 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 3 68 theme optimum 325:331 arg1 pH 333:334 optimum pH 325:334 optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 325:385 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 2 69 theme free 220:223 arg1 inulinase 250:258 free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase 220:258 inulinase 250:258 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 4 70 contain had 622:624 arg1 enzyme 615:620 The enzyme 611:620 The enzyme 611:620 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 4 70 contain had 622:624 arg2 temperature 634:644 optimum temperature 626:644 optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme 626:682 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 1 71 theme composite 148:156 arg1 membranes 158:166 different composite membranes 138:166 different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics 138:204 Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 4 72 theme composite 723:731 arg1 membranes 733:741 polyester and polypropylene composite membranes 695:741 membranes 733:741 The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 0 73 theme nonwoven 74:81 arg1 fabrics 83:89 nonwoven fabrics 74:89 nonwoven fabrics 74:89 Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. 25431408 2 74 theme composite 273:281 arg1 membranes 283:291 different composite membranes 263:291 different composite membranes 263:291 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 3 75 theme atrum 506:510 arg1 inulinase 512:520 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 491:520 immobilized U. atrum inulinase 491:520 The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. 25431408 5 76 dep 42 1085:1086 arg1 to 1082:1083 to 1082:1083 to 1082:1083 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 6 77 from stable 1238:1243 arg1 conclusion 1173:1182 conclusion 1173:1182 conclusion 1173:1182 In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods. 25431408 5 78 theme degree 947:952 arg1 C 954:954 40 degree C 944:954 40 degree C 944:954 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 25431408 2 79 theme different 263:271 arg1 membranes 283:291 different composite membranes 263:291 different composite membranes 263:291 Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. 25431408 5 80 from C 954:954 arg1 stable 934:939 stable 934:939 stable 934:939 Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. 27525846 0 0 theme cartilage 91:99 arg1 engineering 108:118 cartilage tissue engineering 91:118 cartilage tissue engineering 91:118 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 9 1 theme BMG/ 1387:1390 arg1 constructs 1404:1413 BMG/ fibrin glue constructs 1387:1413 BMG/ fibrin glue constructs 1387:1413 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 1 2 theme matrix 162:167 arg1 glue 190:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 8 3 contain had 1291:1293 arg2 shape 1310:1314 a spindle-like shape 1295:1314 a spindle-like shape 1295:1314 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 8 3 contain had 1291:1293 arg1 those 1255:1259 those 1255:1259 those 1255:1259 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 8 4 from cells 1163:1167 arg1 surface 1176:1182 the surface 1172:1182 the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1172:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 1 5 theme gelatin 169:175 arg1 glue 190:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 8 6 theme BMG/fibrin 1191:1200 arg1 scaffold 1207:1214 the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1187:1214 the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1187:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 9 7 theme Chitosan/gelatin 1335:1350 arg1 scaffolds 1352:1360 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds 1335:1360 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds 1335:1360 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 3 8 theme anti-collagen 561:573 arg1 II 575:576 anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry 561:615 II 575:576 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 8 9 from majority 1151:1158 arg1 surface 1176:1182 the surface 1172:1182 the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1172:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 0 10 theme tissue 101:106 arg1 engineering 108:118 cartilage tissue engineering 91:118 cartilage tissue engineering 91:118 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 2 11 theme costal 302:307 arg1 cartilage 309:317 costal cartilage 302:317 costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats 302:340 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 5 12 from extent 899:904 arg1 scaffold 930:937 the chitosan/gelatin scaffold 909:937 the chitosan/gelatin scaffold 909:937 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 2 13 theme chitosan/gelatin 375:390 arg1 scaffolds 402:410 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 375:410 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 375:410 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 5 14 theme Cell 767:770 arg1 numbers 772:778 Cell numbers 767:778 Cell numbers 767:778 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 8 15 theme scaffold 1207:1214 arg1 surface 1176:1182 the surface 1172:1182 the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1172:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 4 16 theme culture 686:692 arg1 weeks 677:681 2 weeks 675:681 2 weeks of culture 675:692 After 2 weeks of culture, chondrocytes were distributed evenly on the surfaces of both scaffolds. 27525846 8 17 theme glue 1202:1205 arg1 scaffold 1207:1214 the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1187:1214 the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1187:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 5 18 theme chitosan/gelatin 913:928 arg1 scaffold 930:937 the chitosan/gelatin scaffold 909:937 the chitosan/gelatin scaffold 909:937 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 5 19 theme extracellular 800:812 arg1 components 821:830 extracellular matrix components 800:830 extracellular matrix components 800:830 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 1 20 theme BMG 178:180 arg1 glue 190:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 3 21 theme different 419:427 arg1 durations 446:454 different in vitro culture durations 419:454 different in vitro culture durations 419:454 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 3 22 theme blue 546:549 arg1 staining 551:558 toluidine blue staining 536:558 toluidine blue staining 536:558 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 9 23 theme components 1509:1518 arg1 proliferation 1453:1465 proliferation 1453:1465 proliferation 1453:1465 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 9 23 theme components 1509:1518 arg1 biosynthesis 1472:1483 biosynthesis 1472:1483 biosynthesis 1472:1483 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 9 23 theme components 1509:1518 arg1 attachment 1441:1450 chondrocyte attachment 1429:1450 chondrocyte attachment 1429:1450 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 3 24 theme in 429:430 arg1 durations 446:454 different in vitro culture durations 419:454 different in vitro culture durations 419:454 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 8 25 theme chitosan/gelatin 1268:1283 arg1 group 1285:1289 the chitosan/gelatin group 1264:1289 the chitosan/gelatin group 1264:1289 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 3 26 dep in 429:430 arg1 vitro 432:436 vitro 432:436 vitro 432:436 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 2 27 theme rats 337:340 arg1 cartilage 309:317 costal cartilage 302:317 costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats 302:340 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 1 28 theme /fibrin 182:188 arg1 glue 190:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 0 29 theme matrix 19:24 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of bone matrix 0:24 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 4 30 theme scaffolds 756:764 arg1 surfaces 739:746 the surfaces 735:746 the surfaces of both scaffolds 735:764 After 2 weeks of culture, chondrocytes were distributed evenly on the surfaces of both scaffolds. 27525846 7 31 theme chitosan/gelatin 1102:1117 arg1 scaffold 1119:1126 the chitosan/gelatin scaffold 1098:1126 the chitosan/gelatin scaffold 1098:1126 Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan using the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 9 32 theme cartilaginous 1488:1500 arg1 components 1509:1518 cartilaginous matrix components 1488:1518 cartilaginous matrix components 1488:1518 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 2 33 theme Sprague-Dawley 322:335 arg1 rats 337:340 Sprague-Dawley rats 322:340 Sprague-Dawley rats 322:340 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 8 34 theme spindle-like 1297:1308 arg1 shape 1310:1314 a spindle-like shape 1295:1314 a spindle-like shape 1295:1314 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 0 35 theme bone 14:17 arg1 matrix 19:24 bone matrix 14:24 bone matrix 14:24 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 6 36 theme degradation 985:995 arg1 signs 976:980 signs 976:980 signs of degradation 976:995 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold showed signs of degradation after 8 weeks. 27525846 3 37 theme anti-aggrecan 582:594 arg1 immunohistochemistry 596:615 anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry 561:615 immunohistochemistry 596:615 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 0 38 theme glue 41:44 arg1 scaffolds 77:85 glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 41:85 glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering 41:118 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 9 39 theme fibrin 1392:1397 arg1 constructs 1404:1413 BMG/ fibrin glue constructs 1387:1413 BMG/ fibrin glue constructs 1387:1413 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 5 40 theme culture 873:879 arg1 weeks 864:868 8 weeks 862:868 8 weeks of culture 862:879 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 3 41 theme electronic 631:640 arg1 SEM 654:656 SEM 654:656 SEM 654:656 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 3 41 theme electronic 631:640 arg1 microscopy 642:651 scanning electronic microscopy 622:651 scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis 622:666 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 5 42 theme greater 891:897 arg1 extent 899:904 a greater extent 889:904 a greater extent 889:904 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 1 43 theme chitosan/gelatin 199:214 arg1 scaffolds 226:234 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 199:234 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering 199:267 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 5 44 theme matrix 814:819 arg1 components 821:830 extracellular matrix components 800:830 extracellular matrix components 800:830 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 9 45 theme glue 1399:1402 arg1 constructs 1404:1413 BMG/ fibrin glue constructs 1387:1413 BMG/ fibrin glue constructs 1387:1413 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 3 46 theme microscopy 642:651 arg1 analysis 659:666 scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis 622:666 scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis 622:666 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 1 47 theme composite 216:224 arg1 scaffolds 226:234 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 199:234 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering 199:267 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 0 48 theme chitosan/gelatin 50:65 arg1 scaffolds 77:85 glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 41:85 glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering 41:118 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 8 49 theme cells 1163:1167 arg1 majority 1151:1158 the majority 1147:1158 the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1147:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 3 50 theme culture 438:444 arg1 durations 446:454 different in vitro culture durations 419:454 different in vitro culture durations 419:454 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 2 51 attach isolated 288:295 arg1 cartilage 309:317 costal cartilage 302:317 costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats 302:340 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 2 51 attach isolated 288:295 arg2 Chondrocytes 270:281 Chondrocytes 270:281 Chondrocytes 270:281 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 7 52 theme aggrecan 1083:1090 arg1 levels 1057:1062 higher levels 1050:1062 higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan 1050:1090 Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan using the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 3 53 theme scanning 622:629 arg1 SEM 654:656 SEM 654:656 SEM 654:656 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 3 53 theme scanning 622:629 arg1 microscopy 642:651 scanning electronic microscopy 622:651 scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis 622:666 After different in vitro culture durations, the scaffolds were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. 27525846 2 54 theme BMG/fibrin 356:365 arg1 glue 367:370 BMG/fibrin glue 356:370 BMG/fibrin glue 356:370 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 6 55 theme glue 955:958 arg1 scaffold 960:967 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 940:967 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 940:967 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold showed signs of degradation after 8 weeks. 27525846 7 56 theme collagen 1067:1074 arg1 levels 1057:1062 higher levels 1050:1062 higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan 1050:1090 Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan using the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 5 57 theme components 821:830 arg1 numbers 772:778 Cell numbers 767:778 Cell numbers 767:778 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 5 57 theme components 821:830 arg1 presence 788:795 the presence 784:795 the presence of extracellular matrix components 784:830 Cell numbers and the presence of extracellular matrix components were markedly increased after 8 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent on the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 7 58 theme higher 1050:1055 arg1 levels 1057:1062 higher levels 1050:1062 higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan 1050:1090 Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan using the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 9 59 theme chondrocyte 1429:1439 arg1 attachment 1441:1450 chondrocyte attachment 1429:1450 chondrocyte attachment 1429:1450 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 7 60 theme Immunofluorescence 1012:1029 arg1 analysis 1031:1038 Immunofluorescence analysis 1012:1038 Immunofluorescence analysis 1012:1038 Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed higher levels of collagen II and aggrecan using the chitosan/gelatin scaffold. 27525846 1 61 theme bone 157:160 arg1 glue 190:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue 157:193 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 8 62 from surface 1176:1182 arg1 majority 1151:1158 the majority 1147:1158 the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 1147:1214 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 9 63 theme matrix 1502:1507 arg1 components 1509:1518 cartilaginous matrix components 1488:1518 cartilaginous matrix components 1488:1518 Chitosan/gelatin scaffolds appear to be superior to BMG/ fibrin glue constructs in supporting chondrocyte attachment, proliferation, and biosynthesis of cartilaginous matrix components. 27525846 1 64 theme cartilage 240:248 arg1 engineering 257:267 cartilage tissue engineering 240:267 cartilage tissue engineering 240:267 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 0 65 theme composite 67:75 arg1 scaffolds 77:85 glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 41:85 glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering 41:118 Evaluation of bone matrix gelatin/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 27525846 6 66 theme BMG/fibrin 944:953 arg1 scaffold 960:967 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 940:967 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold 940:967 The BMG/fibrin glue scaffold showed signs of degradation after 8 weeks. 27525846 8 67 theme round 1231:1235 arg1 morphology 1237:1246 a round morphology 1229:1246 a round morphology 1229:1246 SEM revealed that the majority of cells on the surface of the BMG/fibrin glue scaffold demonstrated a round morphology, while those in the chitosan/gelatin group had a spindle-like shape, with pseudopodia. 27525846 2 68 theme composite 392:400 arg1 scaffolds 402:410 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 375:410 chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds 375:410 Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on BMG/fibrin glue or chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds. 27525846 1 69 theme tissue 250:255 arg1 engineering 257:267 cartilage tissue engineering 240:267 cartilage tissue engineering 240:267 This study was designed to evaluate bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue and chitosan/gelatin composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 28934337 5 0 from level 1132:1136 arg1 study 1163:1167 our previous study 1150:1167 our previous study 1150:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 2 1 dep in 524:525 arg1 vivo 527:530 vivo 527:530 vivo 527:530 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 0 2 dep in 161:162 arg1 vivo 164:167 vivo 164:167 vivo 164:167 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 3 3 theme III/peak 818:825 arg1 ratio 804:808 the fluorescence intensity ratio 777:808 the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I 777:827 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 4 theme previous 194:201 arg1 study 203:207 Our previous study 190:207 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents 190:233 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 5 theme different 302:310 arg1 weights 322:328 different molecular weights 302:328 different molecular weights 302:328 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 6 theme dielectric 123:132 arg1 difference 134:143 a local dielectric difference 115:143 a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity 115:187 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 7 theme long-lasting 406:417 arg1 activity 430:437 long-lasting anti-prion activity 406:437 long-lasting anti-prion activity 406:437 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 5 8 theme HPMCs 1141:1145 arg1 level 1132:1136 the macrophage uptake level 1110:1136 the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study 1110:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 5 9 theme III/peak 1072:1079 arg1 I 1081:1081 peak III/peak I 1067:1081 peak III/peak I 1067:1081 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 5 10 theme peak 1067:1070 arg1 I 1081:1081 peak III/peak I 1067:1081 peak III/peak I 1067:1081 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 1 11 theme molecular 312:320 arg1 weights 322:328 different molecular weights 302:328 different molecular weights 302:328 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 12 theme local 117:121 arg1 difference 134:143 a local dielectric difference 115:143 a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity 115:187 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 13 theme anti-prion 419:428 arg1 activity 430:437 long-lasting anti-prion activity 406:437 long-lasting anti-prion activity 406:437 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 7 14 theme spectroscopic 1367:1379 arg1 analysis 1381:1388 spectroscopic analysis 1367:1388 spectroscopic analysis 1367:1388 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 14 theme spectroscopic 1367:1379 arg1 methods 1403:1409 powerful methods 1394:1409 powerful methods 1394:1409 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 14 theme spectroscopic 1367:1379 arg1 conjugation 1351:1361 pyrene conjugation 1344:1361 pyrene conjugation 1344:1361 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 5 15 theme I 1081:1081 arg1 ratio 1058:1062 the intensity ratio 1044:1062 the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I 1044:1081 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 2 16 theme chemical 574:581 arg1 properties 583:592 in vitro chemical properties 565:592 in vitro chemical properties 565:592 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 1 17 theme activity 430:437 arg1 levels 396:401 different levels 386:401 different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity 386:437 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 4 18 theme 1-year 947:952 arg1 treatment 968:976 the 1-year pre-infection treatment 943:976 the 1-year pre-infection treatment 943:976 This correlation was more clearly demonstrated in the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment. 28934337 6 19 theme distribution 1191:1202 arg1 pattern 1204:1210 the in vivo distribution pattern 1179:1210 the in vivo distribution pattern 1179:1210 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 6 19 theme distribution 1191:1202 arg1 different 1275:1283 different 1275:1283 different 1275:1283 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 3 20 dep revealed 672:679 arg1 whereas 709:715 whereas 709:715 whereas 709:715 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 6 21 theme in 1183:1184 arg1 pattern 1204:1210 the in vivo distribution pattern 1179:1210 the in vivo distribution pattern 1179:1210 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 6 21 theme in 1183:1184 arg1 different 1275:1283 different 1275:1283 different 1275:1283 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 5 22 theme intensity 1048:1056 arg1 ratio 1058:1062 the intensity ratio 1044:1062 the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I 1044:1081 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 3 23 theme peak 813:816 arg1 III/peak 818:825 peak III/peak I 813:827 peak III/peak I 813:827 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 4 24 theme treatment 968:976 arg1 activity 931:938 the anti-prion activity 916:938 the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment 916:1028 This correlation was more clearly demonstrated in the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment. 28934337 5 25 theme macrophage 1114:1123 arg1 level 1132:1136 the macrophage uptake level 1110:1136 the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study 1110:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 1 26 contain have 381:384 arg1 HPMCs 290:294 HPMCs 290:294 HPMCs 290:294 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 26 contain have 381:384 arg1 compounds 279:287 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 249:287 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution 249:379 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 26 contain have 381:384 arg2 levels 396:401 different levels 386:401 different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity 386:437 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 4 27 theme immediate 995:1003 arg1 treatment 1020:1028 the immediate post-infection treatment 991:1028 the immediate post-infection treatment 991:1028 This correlation was more clearly demonstrated in the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment. 28934337 1 28 theme prion-infected 212:225 arg1 rodents 227:233 prion-infected rodents 212:233 prion-infected rodents 212:233 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 29 theme Pyrene 0:5 arg1 conjugation 7:17 Pyrene conjugation 0:17 Pyrene conjugation 0:17 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 3 30 theme anti-prion 845:854 arg1 activity 856:863 anti-prion activity 845:863 anti-prion activity 845:863 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 4 31 theme pre-infection 954:966 arg1 treatment 968:976 the 1-year pre-infection treatment 943:976 the 1-year pre-infection treatment 943:976 This correlation was more clearly demonstrated in the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment. 28934337 5 32 from HPMCs 1141:1145 arg1 study 1163:1167 our previous study 1150:1167 our previous study 1150:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 0 33 theme spectroscopic 23:35 arg1 analysis 37:44 spectroscopic analysis 23:44 spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 23:87 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 34 theme similar 334:340 arg1 composition 342:352 similar composition 334:352 similar composition 334:352 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 35 theme in 161:162 arg1 activity 180:187 in vivo anti-prion activity 161:187 in vivo anti-prion activity 161:187 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 6 36 theme anti-prion 1247:1256 arg1 activity 1258:1265 anti-prion activity 1247:1265 anti-prion activity 1247:1265 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 6 37 dep in 1183:1184 arg1 vivo 1186:1189 vivo 1186:1189 vivo 1186:1189 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 7 38 theme anti-prion 1536:1545 arg1 activity 1547:1554 the long-lasting anti-prion activity 1519:1554 the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs 1519:1563 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 39 theme dielectric 1445:1454 arg1 differences 1456:1466 local dielectric differences 1439:1466 local dielectric differences in HPMCs 1439:1475 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 2 40 theme tissue 606:611 arg1 distributions 613:625 in vivo tissue distributions 598:625 in vivo tissue distributions 598:625 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 6 41 theme representative 1292:1305 arg1 tissues 1307:1313 the representative tissues 1288:1313 the representative tissues 1288:1313 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 3 42 theme Infrared 628:635 arg1 analyses 663:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses 628:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses 628:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 2 43 theme in 524:525 arg1 activity 543:550 in vivo anti-prion activity 524:550 in vivo anti-prion activity 524:550 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 2 44 theme anti-prion 532:541 arg1 activity 543:550 in vivo anti-prion activity 524:550 in vivo anti-prion activity 524:550 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 6 45 from different 1275:1283 arg1 tissues 1307:1313 the representative tissues 1288:1313 the representative tissues 1288:1313 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 0 46 theme anti-prion 169:178 arg1 activity 180:187 in vivo anti-prion activity 161:187 in vivo anti-prion activity 161:187 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 4 47 theme anti-prion 920:929 arg1 activity 931:938 the anti-prion activity 916:938 the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment 916:1028 This correlation was more clearly demonstrated in the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment. 28934337 1 48 theme hydroxypropyl 249:261 arg1 HPMCs 290:294 HPMCs 290:294 HPMCs 290:294 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 48 theme hydroxypropyl 249:261 arg1 compounds 279:287 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 249:287 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution 249:379 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 2 49 theme in 598:599 arg1 distributions 613:625 in vivo tissue distributions 598:625 in vivo tissue distributions 598:625 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 1 50 theme methylcellulose 263:277 arg1 HPMCs 290:294 HPMCs 290:294 HPMCs 290:294 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 50 theme methylcellulose 263:277 arg1 compounds 279:287 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 249:287 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution 249:379 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 51 theme methylcellulose 63:77 arg1 compounds 79:87 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 49:87 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 49:87 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 4 52 theme post-infection 1005:1018 arg1 treatment 1020:1028 the immediate post-infection treatment 991:1028 the immediate post-infection treatment 991:1028 This correlation was more clearly demonstrated in the anti-prion activity of the 1-year pre-infection treatment than that of the immediate post-infection treatment. 28934337 3 53 theme pyrene 717:722 arg1 conjugation 724:734 pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis 717:761 conjugation 724:734 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 3 54 theme thermal 655:661 arg1 analyses 663:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses 628:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses 628:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 55 theme hydroxypropyl 49:61 arg1 compounds 79:87 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 49:87 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 49:87 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 56 theme substitution 368:379 arg1 composition 342:352 similar composition 334:352 similar composition 334:352 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 56 theme substitution 368:379 arg1 degree 358:363 degree 358:363 degree of substitution 358:379 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 3 57 theme intensity 794:802 arg1 ratio 804:808 the fluorescence intensity ratio 777:808 the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I 777:827 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 7 58 theme long-lasting 1523:1534 arg1 activity 1547:1554 the long-lasting anti-prion activity 1519:1554 the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs 1519:1563 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 59 theme pyrene 1344:1349 arg1 analysis 1381:1388 spectroscopic analysis 1367:1388 spectroscopic analysis 1367:1388 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 59 theme pyrene 1344:1349 arg1 methods 1403:1409 powerful methods 1394:1409 powerful methods 1394:1409 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 59 theme pyrene 1344:1349 arg1 conjugation 1351:1361 pyrene conjugation 1344:1361 pyrene conjugation 1344:1361 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 3 60 theme spectroscopic 637:649 arg1 analyses 663:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses 628:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses 628:670 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 2 61 dep in 565:566 arg1 vitro 568:572 vitro 568:572 vitro 568:572 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 5 62 theme previous 1154:1161 arg1 study 1163:1167 our previous study 1150:1167 our previous study 1150:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 7 63 theme feasible 1491:1498 arg1 parameter 1500:1508 a feasible parameter 1489:1508 a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs 1489:1563 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 64 from differences 1456:1466 arg1 HPMCs 1471:1475 HPMCs 1471:1475 HPMCs 1471:1475 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 65 theme powerful 1394:1401 arg1 analysis 1381:1388 spectroscopic analysis 1367:1388 spectroscopic analysis 1367:1388 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 65 theme powerful 1394:1401 arg1 methods 1403:1409 powerful methods 1394:1409 powerful methods 1394:1409 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 7 65 theme powerful 1394:1401 arg1 conjugation 1351:1361 pyrene conjugation 1344:1361 pyrene conjugation 1344:1361 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 1 66 with compounds 279:287 arg1 composition 342:352 similar composition 334:352 similar composition 334:352 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 66 with compounds 279:287 arg1 weights 322:328 different molecular weights 302:328 different molecular weights 302:328 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 7 67 theme HPMCs 1559:1563 arg1 activity 1547:1554 the long-lasting anti-prion activity 1519:1554 the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs 1519:1563 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 3 68 theme spectroscopic 740:752 arg1 analysis 754:761 pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis 717:761 analysis 754:761 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 5 69 from study 1163:1167 arg1 level 1132:1136 the macrophage uptake level 1110:1136 the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study 1110:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 6 70 from tissues 1307:1313 arg1 pattern 1204:1210 the in vivo distribution pattern 1179:1210 the in vivo distribution pattern 1179:1210 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 6 70 from tissues 1307:1313 arg1 different 1275:1283 different 1275:1283 different 1275:1283 However, the in vivo distribution pattern was apparently not associated with anti-prion activity and was different in the representative tissues. 28934337 2 71 theme in 565:566 arg1 properties 583:592 in vitro chemical properties 565:592 in vitro chemical properties 565:592 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 28934337 7 72 theme local 1439:1443 arg1 differences 1456:1466 local dielectric differences 1439:1466 local dielectric differences in HPMCs 1439:1475 These findings suggest that pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis are powerful methods to successfully demonstrate local dielectric differences in HPMCs and provide a feasible parameter denoting the long-lasting anti-prion activity of HPMCs in vivo. 28934337 3 73 theme fluorescence 781:792 arg1 ratio 804:808 the fluorescence intensity ratio 777:808 the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I 777:827 Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed no differences among HPMCs, whereas pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity ratio of peak III/peak I correlated with anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 74 theme compounds 79:87 arg1 conjugation 7:17 Pyrene conjugation 0:17 Pyrene conjugation 0:17 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 0 74 theme compounds 79:87 arg1 analysis 37:44 spectroscopic analysis 23:44 spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds 23:87 Pyrene conjugation and spectroscopic analysis of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds successfully demonstrated a local dielectric difference associated with in vivo anti-prion activity. 28934337 1 75 theme different 386:394 arg1 levels 396:401 different levels 386:401 different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity 386:437 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 5 76 theme uptake 1125:1130 arg1 level 1132:1136 the macrophage uptake level 1110:1136 the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study 1110:1167 In addition, the intensity ratio of peak III/peak I negatively correlated with the macrophage uptake level of HPMCs in our previous study. 28934337 1 77 from study 203:207 arg1 rodents 227:233 prion-infected rodents 212:233 prion-infected rodents 212:233 Our previous study on prion-infected rodents revealed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds (HPMCs) with different molecular weights but similar composition and degree of substitution have different levels of long-lasting anti-prion activity. 28934337 2 78 dep in 598:599 arg1 vivo 601:604 vivo 601:604 vivo 601:604 In this study, we searched these HPMCs for a parameter specifically associated with in vivo anti-prion activity by analyzing in vitro chemical properties and in vivo tissue distributions. 27287166 4 0 theme pulse 821:825 arg1 chronoamperometry 845:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry 808:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) 808:866 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 0 theme pulse 821:825 arg1 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 3 1 theme C 659:659 arg1 electrooxidation 631:646 electrooxidation 631:646 electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 631:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 1 2 from electrodeposition 301:317 arg1 surface 342:348 the surface 338:348 the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 338:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 1 3 theme quantum 240:246 arg1 structure 258:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 9 4 theme Vitamin 1625:1631 arg1 C 1633:1633 Vitamin C 1625:1633 Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs 1625:1679 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 6 5 theme GQD 1177:1179 arg1 effect 1158:1163 synergetic effect 1147:1163 synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD 1147:1179 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 6 6 theme potential 1080:1088 arg1 sweep 1090:1094 an anodic potential sweep 1070:1094 an anodic potential sweep 1070:1094 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 2 7 theme glassy 525:530 arg1 electrode 539:547 glassy carbon electrode 525:547 glassy carbon electrode 525:547 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 6 8 theme β-CD 1168:1171 arg1 effect 1158:1163 synergetic effect 1147:1163 synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD 1147:1179 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 1 9 theme first 183:187 arg1 time 189:192 the first time 179:192 the first time 179:192 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 9 10 dep electrooxidation 1591:1606 arg1 the 1587:1589 the 1587:1589 the 1587:1589 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 1 11 theme glassy 353:358 arg1 electrode 367:375 glassy carbon electrode 353:375 glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 353:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 1 11 theme glassy 353:358 arg1 GCE 378:380 GCE 378:380 GCE 378:380 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 4 12 theme square 872:877 arg1 SWV 897:899 SWV 897:899 SWV 897:899 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 12 theme square 872:877 arg1 voltammetry 884:894 square wave voltammetry 872:894 square wave voltammetry (SWV) 872:900 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 2 13 from mixture 440:446 arg1 range 416:420 potential range -1.0 to 1.0V 406:433 potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD 406:462 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 1 14 theme electrode 367:375 arg1 surface 342:348 the surface 338:348 the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 338:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 3 15 theme modified 559:566 arg1 nanocomposite 609:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite 584:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 584:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 3 15 theme modified 559:566 arg1 GCE 568:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 2 16 theme carbon 532:537 arg1 electrode 539:547 glassy carbon electrode 525:547 glassy carbon electrode 525:547 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 6 17 theme synergetic 1147:1156 arg1 effect 1158:1163 synergetic effect 1147:1163 synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD 1147:1179 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 0 18 theme electrochemical 149:163 arg1 approach 165:172 A new electrochemical approach 143:172 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 0:173 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 5 19 theme cyclic 980:985 arg1 techniques 1018:1027 cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques 980:1027 cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques 980:1027 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques. 27287166 10 20 theme wave 1798:1801 arg1 voltammetry 1803:1813 square wave voltammetry 1791:1813 square wave voltammetry 1791:1813 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 6 21 theme C 1129:1129 arg1 electro-oxidation 1100:1116 the electro-oxidation 1096:1116 the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C 1096:1129 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 8 22 from C 1444:1444 arg1 solution 1456:1463 buffer solution 1449:1463 buffer solution 1449:1463 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 8 23 theme C 1444:1444 arg1 oxidation 1423:1431 the oxidation 1419:1431 the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution 1419:1463 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 9 24 theme C 1633:1633 arg1 detection 1612:1620 detection 1612:1620 detection 1612:1620 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 9 24 theme C 1633:1633 arg1 electrooxidation 1591:1606 electrooxidation 1591:1606 electrooxidation 1591:1606 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 2 25 theme well-defined 475:486 arg1 β-CD-GQD 488:495 a well-defined β-CD-GQD 473:495 a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode 473:547 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 8 26 theme buffer 1449:1454 arg1 solution 1456:1463 buffer solution 1449:1463 buffer solution 1449:1463 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 0 27 theme Vitamin 112:118 arg1 C 120:120 Vitamin C 112:120 Vitamin C 112:120 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 1 28 theme GQD 253:255 arg1 structure 258:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 2 29 theme Cyclic 384:389 arg1 voltammetry 391:401 Cyclic voltammetry 384:401 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD 384:462 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 0 30 theme β-cyclodextrin 15:28 arg1 application 79:89 its application 75:89 its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH 75:140 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 0 30 theme β-cyclodextrin 15:28 arg1 Integration 0:10 Integration 0:10 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure 0:69 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 9 31 theme higher 1538:1543 arg1 behavior 1564:1571 a much higher electrocatalytical behavior 1531:1571 a much higher electrocatalytical behavior 1531:1571 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 8 32 theme cyclic 1316:1321 arg1 results 1336:1342 The cyclic voltammetric results 1312:1342 The cyclic voltammetric results 1312:1342 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 0 33 theme graphene 35:42 arg1 nano-structure 56:69 graphene quantum dot nano-structure 35:69 graphene quantum dot nano-structure 35:69 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 5 34 theme kinetics 945:952 arg1 process 907:913 The process 903:913 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics 903:952 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques. 27287166 3 35 theme new 586:588 arg1 nanocomposite 609:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite 584:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 584:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 3 35 theme new 586:588 arg1 GCE 568:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 0 36 theme dot 52:54 arg1 nano-structure 56:69 graphene quantum dot nano-structure 35:69 graphene quantum dot nano-structure 35:69 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 1 37 theme simultaneous 288:299 arg1 electrodeposition 301:317 simultaneous electrodeposition 288:317 simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 288:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 6 38 theme Vitamin 1121:1127 arg1 C 1129:1129 Vitamin C 1121:1129 Vitamin C 1121:1129 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 3 39 theme Vitamin 651:657 arg1 C 659:659 Vitamin C 651:659 Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 651:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 4 40 theme modified 749:756 arg1 GCE 758:760 the β-CD-GQD modified GCE 736:760 the β-CD-GQD modified GCE 736:760 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 1 41 theme β-CD 211:214 arg1 attachment 217:226 β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment 195:226 β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 195:266 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 5 42 theme oxidation 918:926 arg1 process 907:913 The process 903:913 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics 903:952 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques. 27287166 0 43 from pH 139:140 arg1 application 79:89 its application 75:89 its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH 75:140 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 0 43 from pH 139:140 arg1 Integration 0:10 Integration 0:10 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure 0:69 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 10 44 theme electrochemical 1686:1700 arg1 behavior 1702:1709 The electrochemical behavior 1682:1709 The electrochemical behavior 1682:1709 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 10 44 theme electrochemical 1686:1700 arg1 scheme 1746:1751 detection scheme 1736:1751 detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation 1736:1786 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 0 45 dep Integration 0:10 arg1 approach 165:172 A new electrochemical approach 143:172 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 0:173 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 3 46 theme sample 665:670 arg1 analyte 672:678 sample analyte 665:678 sample analyte 665:678 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 6 47 theme transfer 1209:1216 arg1 mechanism 1218:1226 a mediated electron transfer mechanism 1189:1226 a mediated electron transfer mechanism 1189:1226 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 1 48 theme graphene 231:238 arg1 structure 258:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 4 49 theme differential 808:819 arg1 chronoamperometry 845:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry 808:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) 808:866 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 49 theme differential 808:819 arg1 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 5 50 dep voltammetry 987:997 arg1 chronoamperometry 1000:1016 chronoamperometry 1000:1016 chronoamperometry 1000:1016 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques. 27287166 6 51 theme mediated 1191:1198 arg1 mechanism 1218:1226 a mediated electron transfer mechanism 1189:1226 a mediated electron transfer mechanism 1189:1226 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 1 52 theme dot 248:250 arg1 structure 258:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 231:266 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 2 53 theme electrode 539:547 arg1 surface 514:520 the surface 510:520 the surface of glassy carbon electrode 510:547 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 6 54 theme sweep 1090:1094 arg1 course 1060:1065 the course 1056:1065 the course of an anodic potential sweep 1056:1094 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 6 55 theme anodic 1073:1078 arg1 sweep 1090:1094 an anodic potential sweep 1070:1094 an anodic potential sweep 1070:1094 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 0 56 theme physiological 125:137 arg1 pH 139:140 physiological pH 125:140 physiological pH 125:140 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 8 57 theme voltammetric 1323:1334 arg1 results 1336:1342 The cyclic voltammetric results 1312:1342 The cyclic voltammetric results 1312:1342 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 10 58 theme detection 1736:1744 arg1 behavior 1702:1709 The electrochemical behavior 1682:1709 The electrochemical behavior 1682:1709 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 10 58 theme detection 1736:1744 arg1 scheme 1746:1751 detection scheme 1736:1751 detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation 1736:1786 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 1 59 theme carbon 360:365 arg1 electrode 367:375 glassy carbon electrode 353:375 glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 353:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 1 59 theme carbon 360:365 arg1 GCE 378:380 GCE 378:380 GCE 378:380 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 3 60 theme β-CD-GQD 550:557 arg1 nanocomposite 609:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite 584:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 584:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 3 60 theme β-CD-GQD 550:557 arg1 GCE 568:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 1 61 theme β-Cyclodextrin 195:208 arg1 attachment 217:226 β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment 195:226 β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure 195:266 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 0 62 theme new 145:147 arg1 approach 165:172 A new electrochemical approach 143:172 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 0:173 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 10 63 theme Vitamin 1761:1767 arg1 electrooxidation 1771:1786 the Vitamin C electrooxidation 1757:1786 the Vitamin C electrooxidation 1757:1786 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 4 64 theme DPV 840:842 arg1 chronoamperometry 845:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry 808:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) 808:866 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 64 theme DPV 840:842 arg1 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 7 65 theme peak 1298:1301 arg1 current 1303:1309 the peak current 1294:1309 the peak current 1294:1309 Therefore, β-CD-GQDs promote the rate of oxidation by increasing the peak current. 27287166 8 66 theme Vitamin 1436:1442 arg1 C 1444:1444 Vitamin C 1436:1444 Vitamin C in buffer solution 1436:1463 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 4 67 theme voltammetry 827:837 arg1 chronoamperometry 845:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry 808:861 differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) 808:866 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 67 theme voltammetry 827:837 arg1 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 CA 864:865 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 5 68 theme voltammetry 987:997 arg1 techniques 1018:1027 cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques 980:1027 cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques 980:1027 The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques. 27287166 10 69 theme square 1791:1796 arg1 voltammetry 1803:1813 square wave voltammetry 1791:1813 square wave voltammetry 1791:1813 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 2 70 theme GQD 451:453 arg1 mixture 440:446 mixture 440:446 mixture of GQD and β-CD 440:462 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 7 71 theme oxidation 1270:1278 arg1 rate 1262:1265 the rate 1258:1265 the rate of oxidation 1258:1278 Therefore, β-CD-GQDs promote the rate of oxidation by increasing the peak current. 27287166 1 72 theme GQD 322:324 arg1 electrodeposition 301:317 simultaneous electrodeposition 288:317 simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 288:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 2 73 from range 416:420 arg1 voltammetry 391:401 Cyclic voltammetry 384:401 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD 384:462 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 3 74 used used 576:579 arg2 nanocomposite 609:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite 584:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 584:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 3 74 used used 576:579 arg2 GCE 568:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 1 75 theme β-CD 330:333 arg1 electrodeposition 301:317 simultaneous electrodeposition 288:317 simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 288:381 For the first time, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) attachment to graphene quantum dot (GQD) structure was performed using simultaneous electrodeposition of GQD and β-CD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 27287166 4 76 theme wave 879:882 arg1 SWV 897:899 SWV 897:899 SWV 897:899 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 76 theme wave 879:882 arg1 voltammetry 884:894 square wave voltammetry 872:894 square wave voltammetry (SWV) 872:900 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 77 theme catalytic 714:722 arg1 activity 724:731 the catalytic activity 710:731 the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE 710:760 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 0 78 theme C 120:120 arg1 detection 99:107 detection 99:107 detection of Vitamin C 99:120 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 9 79 theme as-obtained 1495:1505 arg1 β-CD-GQDs-GCE 1507:1519 the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE 1491:1519 the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE 1491:1519 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 2 80 theme β-CD 459:462 arg1 mixture 440:446 mixture 440:446 mixture of GQD and β-CD 440:462 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 8 81 from oxidation 1423:1431 arg1 solution 1456:1463 buffer solution 1449:1463 buffer solution 1449:1463 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 8 82 from solution 1456:1463 arg1 oxidation 1423:1431 the oxidation 1419:1431 the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution 1419:1463 The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that β-CD-GQDs-GCE can remarkably enhance electroactivity towards the oxidation of Vitamin C in buffer solution. 27287166 2 83 dep range 416:420 arg1 to 427:428 to 427:428 to 427:428 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 2 84 theme potential 406:414 arg1 range 416:420 potential range -1.0 to 1.0V 406:433 potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD 406:462 Cyclic voltammetry at potential range -1.0 to 1.0V from mixture of GQD and β-CD produced a well-defined β-CD-GQD deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. 27287166 4 85 theme synergistic 686:696 arg1 effects 698:704 The synergistic effects 682:704 The synergistic effects 682:704 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 3 86 theme electrocatalytical 590:607 arg1 nanocomposite 609:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite 584:621 a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte) 584:679 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 3 86 theme electrocatalytical 590:607 arg1 GCE 568:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE 550:570 β-CD-GQD modified GCE was used as a new electrocatalytical nanocomposite towards electrooxidation of Vitamin C (as sample analyte). 27287166 0 87 theme quantum 44:50 arg1 nano-structure 56:69 graphene quantum dot nano-structure 35:69 graphene quantum dot nano-structure 35:69 Integration of β-cyclodextrin into graphene quantum dot nano-structure and its application towards detection of Vitamin C at physiological pH: A new electrochemical approach. 27287166 9 88 theme electrocatalytical 1545:1562 arg1 behavior 1564:1571 a much higher electrocatalytical behavior 1531:1571 a much higher electrocatalytical behavior 1531:1571 We have illustrated that the as-obtained β-CD-GQDs-GCE exhibited a much higher electrocatalytical behavior than GQDs for the electrooxidation and detection of Vitamin C which was about two fold higher than for GQDs. 27287166 4 89 theme cyclic 783:788 arg1 CV 803:804 CV 803:804 CV 803:804 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 89 theme cyclic 783:788 arg1 voltammetry 790:800 cyclic voltammetry 783:800 cyclic voltammetry (CV) 783:805 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 6 90 theme electron 1200:1207 arg1 mechanism 1218:1226 a mediated electron transfer mechanism 1189:1226 a mediated electron transfer mechanism 1189:1226 It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro-oxidation of Vitamin C is catalyzed by synergetic effect of β-CD and GQD through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. 27287166 10 91 theme C 1769:1769 arg1 electrooxidation 1771:1786 the Vitamin C electrooxidation 1757:1786 the Vitamin C electrooxidation 1757:1786 The electrochemical behavior was further exploited as detection scheme for the Vitamin C electrooxidation by square wave voltammetry. 27287166 4 92 theme β-CD-GQD 740:747 arg1 GCE 758:760 the β-CD-GQD modified GCE 736:760 the β-CD-GQD modified GCE 736:760 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 93 theme GCE 758:760 arg1 activity 724:731 the catalytic activity 710:731 the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE 710:760 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 27287166 4 93 theme GCE 758:760 arg1 effects 698:704 The synergistic effects 682:704 The synergistic effects 682:704 The synergistic effects and the catalytic activity of the β-CD-GQD modified GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) chronoamperometry (CA) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 28745751 0 0 theme ultra 77:81 arg1 beads 118:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 4 1 theme volume 669:674 arg1 percentage 676:685 the volume percentage 665:685 the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter 665:725 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 7 2 theme freeze-dried 1030:1041 arg1 pancakes 1043:1050 freeze-dried pancakes 1030:1050 freeze-dried pancakes 1030:1050 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 0 3 theme food-grade 98:107 arg1 beads 118:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 3 4 theme slurry 519:524 arg1 percentage 505:514 a controlled volume percentage 485:514 a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked 485:553 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 3 5 theme beads 538:542 arg1 slurry 519:524 slurry 519:524 slurry of hydrogel beads 519:542 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 3 5 theme beads 538:542 arg1 cooked 548:553 cooked 548:553 cooked 548:553 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 4 6 theme calorimetry 566:576 arg1 experiments 578:588 bomb calorimetry experiments 561:588 bomb calorimetry experiments 561:588 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 0 7 theme melt-resistant 83:96 arg1 beads 118:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 4 8 theme bomb 561:564 arg1 experiments 578:588 bomb calorimetry experiments 561:588 bomb calorimetry experiments 561:588 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 7 9 theme gel 1184:1186 arg1 beads 1188:1192 the gel beads 1180:1192 the gel beads 1180:1192 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 7 10 dep pancakes 1043:1050 arg1 the 1026:1028 the 1026:1028 the 1026:1028 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 8 11 theme hydrogel 1396:1403 arg1 beads 1405:1409 the hydrogel beads 1392:1409 the hydrogel beads 1392:1409 There is scope for further development of this method by the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads. 28745751 6 12 theme other 973:977 arg1 products 984:991 various other food products 965:991 various other food products 965:991 The method is not limited to pancakes and could potentially be applied to various other food products. 28745751 1 13 theme insensitive 160:170 arg1 hydrogel 184:191 a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel 146:191 a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel 146:191 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 0 14 theme hydrogel 109:116 arg1 beads 118:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads 77:122 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 7 15 theme pancake-hydrogel 1056:1071 arg1 composites 1073:1082 pancake-hydrogel composites 1056:1082 pancake-hydrogel composites 1056:1082 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 7 16 dep structure 998:1006 arg1 The 994:996 The 994:996 The 994:996 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 6 17 theme food 979:982 arg1 products 984:991 various other food products 965:991 various other food products 965:991 The method is not limited to pancakes and could potentially be applied to various other food products. 28745751 5 18 theme beads 861:865 arg1 percentage 838:847 the volume percentage 827:847 the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used 827:880 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 5 18 theme beads 861:865 arg1 % 888:888 25% 886:888 25% 886:888 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 2 19 theme agar-methylcellulose 358:377 arg1 hydrogel 379:386 a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel 350:386 a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel 350:386 This cheap, facile method utilises a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel, which was blended to produce a slurry of hydrogel microbeads. 28745751 3 20 theme cooked 548:553 arg1 percentage 505:514 a controlled volume percentage 485:514 a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked 485:553 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 2 21 theme mixed 352:356 arg1 hydrogel 379:386 a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel 350:386 a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel 350:386 This cheap, facile method utilises a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel, which was blended to produce a slurry of hydrogel microbeads. 28745751 1 22 theme higher 275:280 arg1 temperatures 257:268 temperatures 257:268 temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water 257:312 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 5 23 theme hydrogel 852:859 arg1 beads 861:865 hydrogel beads 852:865 hydrogel beads initially used 852:880 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 3 24 theme hydrogel 529:536 arg1 beads 538:542 hydrogel beads 529:542 hydrogel beads 529:542 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 0 25 theme calorie 16:22 arg1 control 24:30 calorie control 16:30 calorie control of bakery products by templating 16:63 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 8 26 theme enhancing 1363:1371 arg1 ingredients 1373:1383 nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients 1327:1383 nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads 1327:1409 There is scope for further development of this method by the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads. 28745751 2 27 dep cheap 320:324 arg1 facile 327:332 facile 327:332 facile 327:332 This cheap, facile method utilises a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel, which was blended to produce a slurry of hydrogel microbeads. 28745751 0 28 theme bakery 35:40 arg1 products 42:49 bakery products 35:49 bakery products 35:49 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 4 29 contain have 620:623 arg2 density 643:649 a reduced caloric density 625:649 a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter 625:725 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 4 29 contain have 620:623 arg1 composites 595:604 the composites 591:604 the composites 591:604 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 1 30 theme hydrogel 184:191 arg1 use 139:141 the use 135:141 the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water 135:312 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 5 31 theme pancakes 796:803 arg1 density 785:791 the caloric density 773:791 the caloric density of pancakes 773:803 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 4 32 theme reduced 627:633 arg1 density 643:649 a reduced caloric density 625:649 a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter 625:725 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 1 33 theme boiling 291:297 arg1 point 299:303 the boiling point 287:303 the boiling point of water 287:312 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 7 34 theme composites 1073:1082 arg1 structure 998:1006 structure 998:1006 structure 998:1006 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 7 34 theme composites 1073:1082 arg1 morphology 1012:1021 morphology 1012:1021 morphology 1012:1021 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 8 35 theme method 1296:1301 arg1 development 1276:1286 further development 1268:1286 further development of this method 1268:1301 There is scope for further development of this method by the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads. 28745751 1 36 theme caloric 207:213 arg1 density 215:221 the caloric density 203:221 the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water 203:312 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 2 37 theme microbeads 439:448 arg1 slurry 420:425 a slurry 418:425 a slurry of hydrogel microbeads 418:448 This cheap, facile method utilises a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel, which was blended to produce a slurry of hydrogel microbeads. 28745751 7 38 theme similar 1117:1123 arg1 size 1125:1128 a similar size 1115:1128 a similar size to the hydrogel beads 1115:1150 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 8 39 theme ingredients 1373:1383 arg1 encapsulation 1310:1322 the encapsulation 1306:1322 the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads 1306:1409 There is scope for further development of this method by the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads. 28745751 1 40 dep insensitive 160:170 arg1 food-grade 173:182 food-grade 173:182 food-grade 173:182 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 8 41 theme further 1268:1274 arg1 development 1276:1286 further development 1268:1286 further development of this method 1268:1301 There is scope for further development of this method by the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads. 28745751 5 42 theme volume 831:836 arg1 percentage 838:847 the volume percentage 827:847 the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used 827:880 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 5 42 theme volume 831:836 arg1 % 888:888 25% 886:888 25% 886:888 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 0 43 theme products 42:49 arg1 Structuring 0:10 Structuring 0:10 Structuring 0:10 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 0 43 theme products 42:49 arg1 control 24:30 calorie control 16:30 calorie control of bakery products by templating 16:63 Structuring and calorie control of bakery products by templating batter with ultra melt-resistant food-grade hydrogel beads. 28745751 7 44 theme cooking 1232:1238 arg1 process 1240:1246 the cooking process 1228:1246 the cooking process 1228:1246 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 2 45 theme hydrogel 430:437 arg1 microbeads 439:448 hydrogel microbeads 430:448 hydrogel microbeads 430:448 This cheap, facile method utilises a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel, which was blended to produce a slurry of hydrogel microbeads. 28745751 8 46 theme beneficial 1341:1350 arg1 ingredients 1373:1383 nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients 1327:1383 nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads 1327:1409 There is scope for further development of this method by the encapsulation of nutritionally beneficial or flavour enhancing ingredients within the hydrogel beads. 28745751 2 47 theme cheap 320:324 arg1 method 334:339 This cheap, facile method 315:339 This cheap, facile method 315:339 This cheap, facile method utilises a mixed agar-methylcellulose hydrogel, which was blended to produce a slurry of hydrogel microbeads. 28745751 1 48 theme water 308:312 arg1 point 299:303 the boiling point 287:303 the boiling point of water 287:312 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 4 49 theme caloric 635:641 arg1 density 643:649 a reduced caloric density 625:649 a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter 625:725 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 3 50 theme pancake 455:461 arg1 batter 463:468 The pancake batter 451:468 The pancake batter 451:468 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 5 51 dep 3 819:819 arg1 to 811:812 to 811:812 to 811:812 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 6 52 theme various 965:971 arg1 products 984:991 various other food products 965:991 various other food products 965:991 The method is not limited to pancakes and could potentially be applied to various other food products. 28745751 4 53 theme hydrogel 690:697 arg1 beads 699:703 hydrogel beads 690:703 hydrogel beads mixed with the batter 690:725 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 4 54 theme beads 699:703 arg1 percentage 676:685 the volume percentage 665:685 the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter 665:725 From bomb calorimetry experiments, the composites were found to have a reduced caloric density that reflects the volume percentage of hydrogel beads mixed with the batter. 28745751 7 55 theme hydrogel 1137:1144 arg1 beads 1146:1150 the hydrogel beads 1133:1150 the hydrogel beads 1133:1150 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 3 56 theme controlled 487:496 arg1 percentage 505:514 a controlled volume percentage 485:514 a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked 485:553 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 1 57 theme pancakes 226:233 arg1 density 215:221 the caloric density 203:221 the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water 203:312 We report the use of a temperature insensitive, food-grade hydrogel to reduce the caloric density of pancakes that were prepared at temperatures much higher than the boiling point of water. 28745751 7 58 theme pancakes 1043:1050 arg1 structure 998:1006 structure 998:1006 structure 998:1006 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 7 58 theme pancakes 1043:1050 arg1 morphology 1012:1021 morphology 1012:1021 morphology 1012:1021 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 28745751 5 59 theme caloric 777:783 arg1 density 785:791 the caloric density 773:791 the caloric density of pancakes 773:803 Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the caloric density of pancakes by up to 23 ± 3% when the volume percentage of hydrogel beads initially used was 25%. 28745751 3 60 theme volume 498:503 arg1 percentage 505:514 a controlled volume percentage 485:514 a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked 485:553 The pancake batter was mixed with a controlled volume percentage of slurry of hydrogel beads and cooked. 28745751 7 61 theme size 1125:1128 arg1 pores 1106:1110 pores 1106:1110 pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads 1106:1150 The structure and morphology of the freeze-dried pancakes and pancake-hydrogel composites were investigated and pores of a similar size to the hydrogel beads were found, confirming that the gel beads maintained their structure during the cooking process. 26988392 0 0 theme load 85:88 arg1 functions 98:106 its load bearing functions 81:106 its load bearing functions 81:106 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 1 1 theme biomaterials 144:155 arg1 biomaterials 144:155 the most abundant biomaterials 126:155 the most abundant biomaterials in nature 126:165 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 1 1 theme biomaterials 144:155 arg1 one 119:121 one 119:121 one 119:121 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 1 2 theme organized 221:229 arg1 fillers 242:248 hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers 206:248 hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers 206:248 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 1 3 from biomaterials 144:155 arg1 nature 160:165 nature 160:165 nature 160:165 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 3 4 theme chitin 493:498 arg1 nanofibrils 500:510 chitin nanofibrils 493:510 chitin nanofibrils 493:510 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 1 5 theme nanofibril 231:240 arg1 fillers 242:248 hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers 206:248 hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers 206:248 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 0 6 theme functions 98:106 arg1 self-assembly 15:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly 0:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 0:107 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 5 7 theme chitin 996:1001 arg1 nanostructure 1003:1015 This chiral chitin nanostructure 984:1015 This chiral chitin nanostructure 984:1015 This chiral chitin nanostructure exceptionally toughens the composite. 26988392 4 8 theme natural 772:778 arg1 " 783:783 natural way" 772:783 natural way" 772:783 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 0 9 theme bearing 90:96 arg1 functions 98:106 its load bearing functions 81:106 its load bearing functions 81:106 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 3 10 theme harsh 552:556 arg1 treatments 567:576 harsh chemical treatments 552:576 harsh chemical treatments 552:576 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 2 11 theme great 342:346 arg1 attention 348:356 great attention 342:356 great attention 342:356 This green and cheap biomaterial has attracted great attention due to its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials. 26988392 4 12 theme essential 843:851 arg1 moiety 853:858 the essential moiety 839:858 the essential moiety for the self-assembly 839:880 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 6 13 theme chiral 1069:1074 arg1 phase 1084:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase 1055:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials 1055:1108 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 3 14 theme surface 521:527 arg1 modification 529:540 surface modification 521:540 surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments 521:576 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 6 15 from nature 1185:1190 arg1 use 1150:1152 use 1150:1152 use 1150:1152 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 6 15 from nature 1185:1190 arg1 understanding 1132:1144 understanding 1132:1144 understanding 1132:1144 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 6 16 theme materials 1100:1108 arg1 phase 1084:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase 1055:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials 1055:1108 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 4 17 theme way 780:782 arg1 " 783:783 natural way" 772:783 natural way" 772:783 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 2 18 theme potential 369:377 arg1 application 379:389 its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials 365:423 its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials 365:423 This green and cheap biomaterial has attracted great attention due to its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials. 26988392 0 19 theme nematic 7:13 arg1 self-assembly 15:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly 0:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 0:107 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 2 20 theme green 300:304 arg1 biomaterial 316:326 This green and cheap biomaterial 295:326 This green and cheap biomaterial 295:326 This green and cheap biomaterial has attracted great attention due to its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials. 26988392 0 21 theme Chiral 0:5 arg1 self-assembly 15:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly 0:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 0:107 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 4 22 theme calcium 750:756 arg1 ions 758:761 calcium ions 750:761 calcium ions 750:761 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 3 23 theme chemical 558:565 arg1 treatments 567:576 harsh chemical treatments 552:576 harsh chemical treatments 552:576 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 6 24 theme nematic 1076:1082 arg1 phase 1084:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase 1055:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials 1055:1108 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 6 25 theme strategy 1173:1180 arg1 use 1150:1152 use 1150:1152 use 1150:1152 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 6 25 theme strategy 1173:1180 arg1 understanding 1132:1144 understanding 1132:1144 understanding 1132:1144 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 2 26 theme biomedical 404:413 arg1 materials 415:423 biomedical materials 404:423 biomedical materials 404:423 This green and cheap biomaterial has attracted great attention due to its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials. 26988392 0 27 theme surface 42:48 arg1 nanofibrils 65:75 minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils 32:75 minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils 32:75 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 4 28 theme natural 936:942 arg1 structure 951:959 chitin's natural chiral structure 927:959 chitin's natural chiral structure 927:959 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 3 29 theme chiral 672:677 arg1 phase 687:691 chiral nematic phase 672:691 chiral nematic phase 672:691 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 6 30 from strategy 1173:1180 arg1 nature 1185:1190 nature 1185:1190 nature 1185:1190 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 6 31 theme resultant 1059:1067 arg1 phase 1084:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase 1055:1088 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials 1055:1108 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 1 32 theme arthropods 283:292 arg1 exoskeletons 267:278 the exoskeletons 263:278 the exoskeletons of arthropods 263:292 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 3 33 dep phase 687:691 arg1 i.e. 667:670 i.e. 667:670 i.e. 667:670 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 4 34 theme chitin 806:811 arg1 nanofibrils 813:823 the chitin nanofibrils 802:823 the chitin nanofibrils 802:823 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 6 35 dep understanding 1132:1144 arg1 the 1128:1130 the 1128:1130 the 1128:1130 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 3 36 theme practical 444:452 arg1 use 454:456 its practical use 440:456 its practical use 440:456 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 0 37 theme chitin 58:63 arg1 nanofibrils 65:75 minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils 32:75 minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils 32:75 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 4 38 theme structure 951:959 arg1 reproduction 911:922 the reproduction 907:922 the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix 907:981 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 4 39 theme polymeric 966:974 arg1 matrix 976:981 a polymeric matrix 964:981 a polymeric matrix 964:981 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 6 40 from understanding 1132:1144 arg1 nature 1185:1190 nature 1185:1190 nature 1185:1190 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 4 41 theme etching-free 722:733 arg1 approach 735:742 a chemical etching-free approach 711:742 a chemical etching-free approach 711:742 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 0 42 theme damaged 50:56 arg1 nanofibrils 65:75 minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils 32:75 minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils 32:75 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 4 43 from reproduction 911:922 arg1 matrix 976:981 a polymeric matrix 964:981 a polymeric matrix 964:981 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 4 44 theme chemical 713:720 arg1 approach 735:742 a chemical etching-free approach 711:742 a chemical etching-free approach 711:742 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26988392 5 45 theme chiral 989:994 arg1 nanostructure 1003:1015 This chiral chitin nanostructure 984:1015 This chiral chitin nanostructure 984:1015 This chiral chitin nanostructure exceptionally toughens the composite. 26988392 3 46 theme prototypal 632:641 arg1 structure 656:664 their natural prototypal hierarchical structure 618:664 their natural prototypal hierarchical structure 618:664 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 6 47 from use 1150:1152 arg1 nature 1185:1190 nature 1185:1190 nature 1185:1190 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 2 48 theme cheap 310:314 arg1 biomaterial 316:326 This green and cheap biomaterial 295:326 This green and cheap biomaterial 295:326 This green and cheap biomaterial has attracted great attention due to its potential application to reinforce biomedical materials. 26988392 6 49 theme reinforcing 1161:1171 arg1 strategy 1173:1180 the reinforcing strategy 1157:1180 the reinforcing strategy in nature 1157:1190 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 3 50 theme nematic 679:685 arg1 phase 687:691 chiral nematic phase 672:691 chiral nematic phase 672:691 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 3 51 theme hierarchical 643:654 arg1 structure 656:664 their natural prototypal hierarchical structure 618:664 their natural prototypal hierarchical structure 618:664 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 3 52 theme nanofibrils 500:510 arg1 extraction 479:488 the extraction 475:488 the extraction of chitin nanofibrils 475:510 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 6 53 theme chitin 1093:1098 arg1 materials 1100:1108 chitin materials 1093:1108 chitin materials 1093:1108 Our resultant chiral nematic phase of chitin materials can contribute to the understanding and use of the reinforcing strategy in nature. 26988392 0 54 theme nanofibrils 65:75 arg1 self-assembly 15:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly 0:27 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 0:107 Chiral nematic self-assembly of minimally surface damaged chitin nanofibrils and its load bearing functions. 26988392 3 55 theme natural 624:630 arg1 structure 656:664 their natural prototypal hierarchical structure 618:664 their natural prototypal hierarchical structure 618:664 Despite that, its practical use is limited since the extraction of chitin nanofibrils requires surface modification involving harsh chemical treatments, leading to difficulties in reproducing their natural prototypal hierarchical structure, i.e. chiral nematic phase. 26988392 1 56 theme abundant 135:142 arg1 biomaterials 144:155 the most abundant biomaterials 126:155 the most abundant biomaterials in nature 126:165 Chitin is one of the most abundant biomaterials in nature, with 10(10) tons produced annually as hierarchically organized nanofibril fillers to reinforce the exoskeletons of arthropods. 26988392 4 57 theme chiral 944:949 arg1 structure 951:959 chitin's natural chiral structure 927:959 chitin's natural chiral structure 927:959 Here, we develop a chemical etching-free approach using calcium ions, called "natural way", to disintegrate the chitin nanofibrils while keeping the essential moiety for the self-assembly, ultimately resulting in the reproduction of chitin's natural chiral structure in a polymeric matrix. 26289005 6 0 theme higher 1355:1360 arg1 drug 1373:1376 drug 1373:1376 drug 1373:1376 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 0 theme higher 1355:1360 arg1 amounts 1362:1368 higher amounts 1355:1368 higher amounts of drug 1355:1376 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 5 1 used used 1184:1187 arg2 controls 1214:1221 negative and positive controls 1192:1221 negative and positive controls 1192:1221 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 1 used used 1184:1187 arg2 tablets 1127:1133 tablets 1127:1133 tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1127:1177 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 1 used used 1184:1187 arg2 RESULTS 1086:1092 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1086:1177 RESULTS 1086:1092 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 7 2 from application 1589:1599 arg1 formulation 1608:1618 the formulation 1604:1618 the formulation of fast dissolving tablets 1604:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 1 3 theme CONTEXT 164:170 arg1 excipients 198:207 the key excipients 190:207 the key excipients administered in tablet formulations 190:243 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 1 3 theme CONTEXT 164:170 arg1 Disintegrants 172:184 CONTEXT Disintegrants 164:184 CONTEXT Disintegrants 164:184 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 7 4 theme tablets 1639:1645 arg1 formulation 1608:1618 the formulation 1604:1618 the formulation of fast dissolving tablets 1604:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 5 5 dep RESULTS 1086:1092 arg1 Tablets 1094:1100 Tablets 1094:1100 Tablets prepared with starch 1094:1121 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 1 6 theme available 366:374 arg1 area 384:387 the available surface area 362:387 the available surface area 362:387 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 4 7 theme developed 831:839 arg1 superdisintegrant 841:857 the newly developed superdisintegrant 821:857 the newly developed superdisintegrant 821:857 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 26289005 7 8 dep CONCLUSION 1479:1488 arg1 concluded 1497:1505 concluded 1497:1505 was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets 1493:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 4 9 theme dissolution 924:934 arg1 rate 936:939 dissolution rate 924:939 dissolution rate 924:939 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 26289005 1 10 theme surface 376:382 arg1 area 384:387 the available surface area 362:387 the available surface area 362:387 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 4 11 theme formulation 1034:1044 arg1 composition 1014:1024 an identical composition 1001:1024 an identical composition of test formulation 1001:1044 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 26289005 1 12 theme tablet 279:284 arg1 decomposition 258:270 the decomposition 254:270 the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment 254:340 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 6 13 theme study 1250:1254 arg1 results 1256:1262 Dissolution study results 1238:1262 Dissolution study results 1238:1262 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 14 theme Dissolution 1238:1248 arg1 results 1256:1262 Dissolution study results 1238:1262 Dissolution study results 1238:1262 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 15 theme drug 1373:1376 arg1 drug 1373:1376 drug 1373:1376 drug 1373:1376 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 15 theme drug 1373:1376 arg1 amounts 1362:1368 higher amounts 1355:1368 higher amounts of drug 1355:1376 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 3 16 from disintegrant 679:690 arg1 formulation 699:709 the formulation 695:709 the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine 695:791 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 5 17 theme starch 1156:1161 arg1 glycolate 1163:1171 sodium starch glycolate 1149:1171 sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1149:1177 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 17 theme starch 1156:1161 arg1 SSG 1174:1176 SSG 1174:1176 SSG 1174:1176 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 1 18 theme key 194:196 arg1 excipients 198:207 the key excipients 190:207 the key excipients administered in tablet formulations 190:243 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 1 18 theme key 194:196 arg1 Disintegrants 172:184 CONTEXT Disintegrants 164:184 CONTEXT Disintegrants 164:184 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 6 19 theme action 1316:1321 arg1 onset 1292:1296 the onset 1288:1296 the onset of disintegration action 1288:1321 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 19 theme action 1316:1321 arg1 faster 1327:1332 faster 1327:1332 faster 1327:1332 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 1 20 theme smaller 291:297 arg1 pieces 299:304 smaller pieces 291:304 smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment 291:340 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 1 21 from pieces 299:304 arg1 environment 330:340 the gastrointestinal environment 309:340 the gastrointestinal environment 309:340 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 3 22 dep nausea 764:769 arg1 medicine 784:791 medicine 784:791 medicine 784:791 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 0 23 theme novel 15:19 arg1 superdisintegrant 21:37 a novel superdisintegrant 13:37 a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide 13:83 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 3 24 theme disintegrating 724:737 arg1 tablet 739:744 a rapidly disintegrating tablet 714:744 a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine 714:791 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 0 25 theme Ondansetron 128:138 arg1 tablet 156:161 Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 128:161 Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 128:161 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 4 26 theme disintegrant 1072:1083 arg1 type 1064:1067 type 1064:1067 type of disintegrant 1064:1083 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 26289005 2 27 theme OBJECTIVE 450:458 arg1 polymer 499:505 a biodegradable polymer 483:505 a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid 483:536 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 2 27 theme OBJECTIVE 450:458 arg1 PSI 477:479 PSI 477:479 PSI 477:479 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 2 27 theme OBJECTIVE 450:458 arg1 Polysuccinimide 460:474 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide 450:474 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI) 450:480 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 2 28 theme biodegradable 485:497 arg1 polymer 499:505 a biodegradable polymer 483:505 a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid 483:536 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 2 28 theme biodegradable 485:497 arg1 Polysuccinimide 460:474 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide 450:474 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI) 450:480 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 7 29 theme fast 1623:1626 arg1 tablets 1639:1645 fast dissolving tablets 1623:1645 fast dissolving tablets 1623:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 0 30 theme dissolving 145:154 arg1 tablet 156:161 Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 128:161 Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 128:161 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 1 31 theme rapid 410:414 arg1 release 416:422 a more rapid release 403:422 a more rapid release of the active ingredient 403:447 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 1 32 theme tablet 225:230 arg1 formulations 232:243 tablet formulations 225:243 tablet formulations 225:243 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 0 33 theme superdisintegrant 21:37 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide 0:83 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 0 33 theme superdisintegrant 21:37 arg1 application 93:103 its application 89:103 its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 89:161 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 1 34 theme gastrointestinal 313:328 arg1 environment 330:340 the gastrointestinal environment 309:340 the gastrointestinal environment 309:340 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 0 35 theme fast 140:143 arg1 tablet 156:161 Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 128:161 Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 128:161 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 1 36 dep excipients 198:207 arg1 increasing 351:360 increasing 351:360 increasing the available surface area 351:387 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 1 36 dep excipients 198:207 arg1 enhancing 393:401 enhancing 393:401 enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient 393:447 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 6 37 attach released 1383:1390 arg2 drug 1373:1376 drug 1373:1376 drug 1373:1376 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 37 attach released 1383:1390 arg2 amounts 1362:1368 higher amounts 1355:1368 higher amounts of drug 1355:1376 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 6 37 attach released 1383:1390 arg1 tablets 1397:1403 tablets 1397:1403 tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min 1397:1476 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 2 38 dep H-NMR 593:597 arg1 1 591:591 1 591:591 1 591:591 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 3 39 theme Ondansetron 749:759 arg1 tablet 739:744 a rapidly disintegrating tablet 714:744 a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine 714:791 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 3 40 theme PSI-grafted 618:628 arg1 starch 630:635 PSI-grafted starch 618:635 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) 610:644 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 3 40 theme PSI-grafted 618:628 arg1 PSI-St 638:643 PSI-St 638:643 PSI-St 638:643 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 0 41 theme starch 42:47 arg1 derivatization 49:62 starch derivatization 42:62 starch derivatization with polysuccinimide 42:83 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 3 42 theme tablet 739:744 arg1 formulation 699:709 the formulation 695:709 the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine 695:791 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 0 43 theme tablet 156:161 arg1 development 113:123 the development 109:123 the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet 109:161 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 7 44 contain has 1552:1554 arg2 potential 1571:1579 an appropriate potential 1556:1579 an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets 1556:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 7 44 contain has 1552:1554 arg1 superdisintegrant 1534:1550 the novel synthesized superdisintegrant 1512:1550 the novel synthesized superdisintegrant 1512:1550 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 7 45 theme novel 1516:1520 arg1 superdisintegrant 1534:1550 the novel synthesized superdisintegrant 1512:1550 the novel synthesized superdisintegrant 1512:1550 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 5 46 theme sodium 1149:1154 arg1 glycolate 1163:1171 sodium starch glycolate 1149:1171 sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1149:1177 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 46 theme sodium 1149:1154 arg1 SSG 1174:1176 SSG 1174:1176 SSG 1174:1176 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 1 47 theme active 431:436 arg1 ingredient 438:447 the active ingredient 427:447 the active ingredient 427:447 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 6 48 theme disintegration 1301:1314 arg1 action 1316:1321 disintegration action 1301:1321 disintegration action 1301:1321 Dissolution study results indicated that although the onset of disintegration action was faster for SSG than PSI-St, higher amounts of drug were released from tablets formulated from PSI-St than from those formulated from SSG during 10 min. 26289005 3 49 dep METHODS 610:616 arg1 starch 630:635 PSI-grafted starch 618:635 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) 610:644 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 3 49 dep METHODS 610:616 arg1 PSI-St 638:643 PSI-St 638:643 PSI-St 638:643 METHODS PSI-grafted starch (PSI-St) was synthesized and applied as a disintegrant in the formulation of a rapidly disintegrating tablet of Ondansetron, a nausea and vomiting medicine. 26289005 7 50 theme dissolving 1628:1637 arg1 tablets 1639:1645 fast dissolving tablets 1623:1645 fast dissolving tablets 1623:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 1 51 theme ingredient 438:447 arg1 release 416:422 a more rapid release 403:422 a more rapid release of the active ingredient 403:447 CONTEXT Disintegrants are the key excipients administered in tablet formulations to boost the decomposition of the tablet into smaller pieces in the gastrointestinal environment, thereby increasing the available surface area and enhancing a more rapid release of the active ingredient. 26289005 0 52 with derivatization 49:62 arg1 polysuccinimide 69:83 polysuccinimide 69:83 polysuccinimide 69:83 Synthesis of a novel superdisintegrant by starch derivatization with polysuccinimide and its application for the development of Ondansetron fast dissolving tablet. 26289005 7 53 theme appropriate 1559:1569 arg1 potential 1571:1579 an appropriate potential 1556:1579 an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets 1556:1645 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 2 54 theme aspartic 524:531 arg1 acid 533:536 aspartic acid 524:536 aspartic acid 524:536 OBJECTIVE Polysuccinimide (PSI), a biodegradable polymer synthesized from aspartic acid, was reacted with starch and fully assessed by CHN, (1)H-NMR, and FTIR. 26289005 4 55 theme disintegration 899:912 arg1 time 914:917 disintegration time 899:917 disintegration time 899:917 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 26289005 5 56 theme positive 1205:1212 arg1 RESULTS 1086:1092 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1086:1177 RESULTS 1086:1092 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 56 theme positive 1205:1212 arg1 tablets 1127:1133 tablets 1127:1133 tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1127:1177 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 56 theme positive 1205:1212 arg1 controls 1214:1221 negative and positive controls 1192:1221 negative and positive controls 1192:1221 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 7 57 theme synthesized 1522:1532 arg1 superdisintegrant 1534:1550 the novel synthesized superdisintegrant 1512:1550 the novel synthesized superdisintegrant 1512:1550 CONCLUSION It was concluded that the novel synthesized superdisintegrant has an appropriate potential for the application in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets. 26289005 4 58 theme identical 1004:1012 arg1 composition 1014:1024 an identical composition 1001:1024 an identical composition of test formulation 1001:1044 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 26289005 5 59 theme negative 1192:1199 arg1 RESULTS 1086:1092 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1086:1177 RESULTS 1086:1092 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 59 theme negative 1192:1199 arg1 tablets 1127:1133 tablets 1127:1133 tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) 1127:1177 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 5 59 theme negative 1192:1199 arg1 controls 1214:1221 negative and positive controls 1192:1221 negative and positive controls 1192:1221 RESULTS Tablets prepared with starch and tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 26289005 4 60 theme test 1029:1032 arg1 formulation 1034:1044 test formulation 1029:1044 test formulation 1029:1044 The tablet formulated with the newly developed superdisintegrant was evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate, and the results were compared with tablets formulated with an identical composition of test formulation differing only in type of disintegrant. 28284698 7 0 theme first 1357:1361 arg1 parity 1363:1368 the first parity 1353:1368 the first parity 1353:1368 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 12 1 theme values 2148:2153 arg1 correlations 2061:2072 the correlations 2057:2072 the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity 2057:2212 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 14 2 theme future 2693:2698 arg1 changes 2700:2706 any future changes 2689:2706 any future changes 2689:2706 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 2 3 theme lactose 328:334 arg1 yields 336:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 14 4 theme routine 2595:2601 arg1 system 2618:2623 the routine milk recording system 2591:2623 the routine milk recording system 2591:2623 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 12 5 theme traits 2285:2290 arg1 predictor 2264:2272 a predictor 2262:2272 a predictor of fitness traits 2262:2290 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 12 6 theme traits 2158:2163 arg1 values 2096:2101 estimated breeding values 2077:2101 estimated breeding values of lactose percentage 2077:2123 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 12 6 theme traits 2158:2163 arg1 values 2148:2153 estimated breeding values 2129:2153 estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity 2129:2212 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 13 7 theme high 2425:2428 arg1 correlation 2447:2457 the high positive genetic correlation 2421:2457 the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia 2421:2539 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 6 8 theme lactose 1092:1098 arg1 0.37 1120:1123 0.37 1120:1123 0.37 1120:1123 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 6 8 theme lactose 1092:1098 arg1 percentage 1100:1109 lactose percentage 1092:1109 lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) 1092:1124 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 12 9 theme percentage 2248:2257 arg1 value 2231:2235 the value 2227:2235 the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits 2227:2290 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 12 9 theme percentage 2248:2257 arg1 weak 2295:2298 weak 2295:2298 weak 2295:2298 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 13 10 theme genetic 2439:2445 arg1 correlation 2447:2457 the high positive genetic correlation 2421:2457 the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia 2421:2539 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 2 11 theme yield 593:597 arg1 traits 599:604 milk yield traits 588:604 milk yield traits 588:604 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 3 12 from herds 678:682 arg1 Data 607:610 Data 607:610 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014 607:660 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 13 theme estimated 698:706 arg1 parameters 716:725 estimated genetic parameters 698:725 estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield 698:766 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 10 14 theme genetic 1606:1612 arg1 correlations 1642:1653 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations 1602:1653 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC 1602:1688 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 10 14 theme genetic 1606:1612 arg1 stronger 1695:1702 stronger 1695:1702 stronger 1695:1702 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 7 15 dep 0.3 1279:1281 arg1 to 1313:1314 to 1313:1314 to 1313:1314 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 7 15 dep 0.3 1279:1281 arg1 -0.24 1316:1320 -0.24 1316:1320 -0.24 1316:1320 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 14 16 theme lactose 2561:2567 arg1 percentage 2569:2578 recording lactose percentage 2551:2578 recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system 2551:2623 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 0 17 theme pasture-based 107:119 arg1 systems 132:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 11 18 theme genetic 1830:1836 arg1 -0.28 1971:1975 -0.28 1971:1975 -0.28 1971:1975 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 18 theme genetic 1830:1836 arg1 similar 1916:1922 similar 1916:1922 similar 1916:1922 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 18 theme genetic 1830:1836 arg1 trait 1997:2001 another component trait 1979:2001 another component trait with the potential to predict fertility 1979:2041 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 18 theme genetic 1830:1836 arg1 correlation 1838:1848 The genetic correlation 1826:1848 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) 1826:1910 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 7 19 from lactation 1340:1348 arg1 parity 1363:1368 the first parity 1353:1368 the first parity 1353:1368 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 2 20 theme additional 513:522 arg1 benefit 524:530 an additional benefit 510:530 an additional benefit 510:530 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 3 21 used used 690:693 arg2 Data 607:610 Data 607:610 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014 607:660 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 21 used used 690:693 arg2 percentage 623:632 lactose percentage 615:632 lactose percentage 615:632 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 6 22 theme lactose 1142:1148 arg1 yield 1150:1154 lactose yield 1142:1154 lactose yield 1142:1154 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 11 23 dep similar 1916:1922 arg1 correlation 1838:1848 The genetic correlation 1826:1848 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) 1826:1910 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 23 dep similar 1916:1922 arg1 trait 1997:2001 another component trait 1979:2001 another component trait with the potential to predict fertility 1979:2041 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 23 dep similar 1916:1922 arg1 -0.28 1971:1975 -0.28 1971:1975 -0.28 1971:1975 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 23 dep similar 1916:1922 arg1 similar 1916:1922 similar 1916:1922 similar 1916:1922 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 3 24 theme lactose 731:737 arg1 percentage 739:748 lactose percentage 731:748 lactose percentage 731:748 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 25 with correlations 772:783 arg1 CIV 859:861 CIV 859:861 CIV 859:861 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 25 with correlations 772:783 arg1 traits 807:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 25 with correlations 772:783 arg1 interval 849:856 calving interval 841:856 calving interval (CIV) 841:862 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 25 with correlations 772:783 arg1 survival 869:876 survival 869:876 survival 869:876 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 25 with correlations 772:783 arg1 count 828:832 somatic cell count 815:832 somatic cell count (SCC) 815:838 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 25 with correlations 772:783 arg1 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 2 26 theme lactose 557:563 arg1 yield 565:569 lactose yield 557:569 lactose yield 557:569 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 11 27 theme first 1884:1888 arg1 d 1894:1894 the first 120 d 1880:1894 the first 120 d 1880:1894 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 10 28 theme SCC 1793:1795 arg1 levels 1797:1802 SCC levels 1793:1802 SCC levels 1793:1802 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 14 29 theme system 2618:2623 arg1 part 2583:2586 part 2583:2586 part of the routine milk recording system 2583:2623 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 10 30 theme permanent 1618:1626 arg1 correlations 1642:1653 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations 1602:1653 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC 1602:1688 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 10 30 theme permanent 1618:1626 arg1 stronger 1695:1702 stronger 1695:1702 stronger 1695:1702 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 11 31 with trait 1997:2001 arg1 potential 2012:2020 the potential to predict fertility 2008:2041 the potential to predict fertility 2008:2041 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 9 32 theme lactose 1572:1578 arg1 yield 1580:1584 lactose yield 1572:1584 lactose yield 1572:1584 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 12 33 theme estimated 2077:2085 arg1 values 2096:2101 estimated breeding values 2077:2101 estimated breeding values of lactose percentage 2077:2123 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 6 34 theme first 1178:1182 arg1 parity 1184:1189 the first parity 1174:1189 the first parity 1174:1189 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 7 35 from beginning 1290:1298 arg1 0.3 1279:1281 0.3 1279:1281 0.3 1279:1281 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 11 36 theme component 1987:1995 arg1 -0.28 1971:1975 -0.28 1971:1975 -0.28 1971:1975 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 36 theme component 1987:1995 arg1 similar 1916:1922 similar 1916:1922 similar 1916:1922 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 36 theme component 1987:1995 arg1 trait 1997:2001 another component trait 1979:2001 another component trait with the potential to predict fertility 1979:2041 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 11 36 theme component 1987:1995 arg1 correlation 1838:1848 The genetic correlation 1826:1848 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) 1826:1910 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 12 37 theme values 2096:2101 arg1 correlations 2061:2072 the correlations 2057:2072 the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity 2057:2212 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 7 38 theme lactose 1224:1230 arg1 percentage 1232:1241 lactose percentage 1224:1241 lactose percentage 1224:1241 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 6 39 dep higher 1130:1135 arg1 0.20 1165:1168 0.20 1165:1168 0.20 1165:1168 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 0 40 theme other 56:60 arg1 traits 78:83 other milk production traits 56:83 other milk production traits 56:83 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 5 41 theme lactose 1037:1043 arg1 value 1028:1032 the value 1024:1032 the value of lactose to predict fitness traits 1024:1069 In addition, multi-trait models were also performed mainly to assess the value of lactose to predict fitness traits. 28284698 10 42 theme lactose 1663:1669 arg1 percentage 1671:1680 lactose percentage 1663:1680 lactose percentage 1663:1680 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 14 43 theme milk 2603:2606 arg1 system 2618:2623 the routine milk recording system 2591:2623 the routine milk recording system 2591:2623 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 3 44 theme other 790:794 arg1 traits 807:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 0 45 theme production 67:76 arg1 traits 78:83 other milk production traits 56:83 other milk production traits 56:83 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 3 46 with parameters 716:725 arg1 CIV 859:861 CIV 859:861 CIV 859:861 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 46 with parameters 716:725 arg1 traits 807:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 46 with parameters 716:725 arg1 interval 849:856 calving interval 841:856 calving interval (CIV) 841:862 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 46 with parameters 716:725 arg1 survival 869:876 survival 869:876 survival 869:876 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 46 with parameters 716:725 arg1 count 828:832 somatic cell count 815:832 somatic cell count (SCC) 815:838 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 46 with parameters 716:725 arg1 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 1 47 theme major 154:158 arg1 component 160:168 a major component 152:168 a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle 152:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 1 47 theme major 154:158 arg1 Lactose 141:147 Lactose 141:147 Lactose 141:147 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 3 48 theme cell 823:826 arg1 count 828:832 somatic cell count 815:832 somatic cell count (SCC) 815:838 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 48 theme cell 823:826 arg1 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 8 49 theme Similar 1371:1377 arg1 patterns 1379:1386 Similar patterns 1371:1386 Similar patterns in genetic correlations 1371:1410 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 3 50 theme calving 841:847 arg1 CIV 859:861 CIV 859:861 CIV 859:861 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 50 theme calving 841:847 arg1 interval 849:856 calving interval 841:856 calving interval (CIV) 841:862 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 4 51 theme Daily 879:883 arg1 data 894:897 Daily test-day data 879:897 Daily test-day data 879:897 Daily test-day data were analyzed using bivariate random regression models. 28284698 0 52 from correlation 39:49 arg1 systems 132:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 3 53 theme yield 801:805 arg1 traits 807:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 2 54 theme seasonal 382:389 arg1 herds 399:403 pasture-based seasonal calving herds 368:403 pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia 368:416 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 13 55 theme breeding 2375:2382 arg1 objective 2384:2392 the breeding objective 2371:2392 the breeding objective 2371:2392 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 11 56 theme lactose 1858:1864 arg1 percentage 1866:1875 lactose percentage 1858:1875 lactose percentage in the first 120 d 1858:1894 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 10 57 dep -0.50 1781:1785 arg1 to 1778:1779 to 1778:1779 to 1778:1779 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 0 58 theme Genetic 0:6 arg1 parameters 8:17 Genetic parameters 0:17 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 0:139 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 3 59 dep 2014 657:660 arg1 to 654:655 to 654:655 to 654:655 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 1 60 theme national 258:265 arg1 programs 287:294 national genetic improvement programs 258:294 national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle 258:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 7 61 theme lactation 1303:1311 arg1 beginning 1290:1298 the beginning 1286:1298 the beginning of lactation 1286:1311 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 4 62 theme bivariate 919:927 arg1 models 947:952 bivariate random regression models 919:952 bivariate random regression models 919:952 Daily test-day data were analyzed using bivariate random regression models. 28284698 1 63 dep milk 173:176 arg1 composition 202:212 composition 202:212 composition 202:212 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 1 63 dep milk 173:176 arg1 % 197:197 typically around 5% 179:197 typically around 5% of composition 179:212 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 1 64 theme improvement 275:285 arg1 programs 287:294 national genetic improvement programs 258:294 national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle 258:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 4 65 theme regression 936:945 arg1 models 947:952 bivariate random regression models 919:952 bivariate random regression models 919:952 Daily test-day data were analyzed using bivariate random regression models. 28284698 8 66 theme second 1438:1443 arg1 parity 1455:1460 the second and third parity 1434:1460 the second and third parity 1434:1460 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 11 67 from percentage 1866:1875 arg1 d 1894:1894 the first 120 d 1880:1894 the first 120 d 1880:1894 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 2 68 theme test-day 319:326 arg1 yields 336:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 13 69 theme including 2331:2339 arg1 yield 2349:2353 including lactose yield 2331:2353 including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective 2331:2392 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 1 70 theme cattle 305:310 arg1 programs 287:294 national genetic improvement programs 258:294 national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle 258:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 8 71 theme third 1449:1453 arg1 parity 1455:1460 the second and third parity 1434:1460 the second and third parity 1434:1460 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 2 72 used used 468:471 arg2 content 453:459 lactose content 445:459 lactose content 445:459 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 14 73 theme Australian 2641:2650 arg1 industry 2658:2665 the Australian dairy industry 2637:2665 the Australian dairy industry 2637:2665 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 2 74 from herds 399:403 arg1 yields 336:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 2 74 from herds 399:403 arg1 data 358:361 percentage data 347:361 percentage data 347:361 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 2 74 from herds 399:403 arg1 Australia 408:416 Australia 408:416 Australia 408:416 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 11 75 with correlation 1927:1937 arg1 percentage 1959:1968 protein percentage 1951:1968 protein percentage 1951:1968 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 10 76 theme second 1711:1716 arg1 parity 1728:1733 the second and third parity 1707:1733 the second and third parity 1707:1733 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 0 77 with correlation 39:49 arg1 traits 78:83 other milk production traits 56:83 other milk production traits 56:83 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 0 77 with correlation 39:49 arg1 traits 97:102 fitness traits 89:102 fitness traits 89:102 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 2 78 theme percentage 347:356 arg1 data 358:361 percentage data 347:361 percentage data 347:361 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 2 79 theme lactose 445:451 arg1 content 453:459 lactose content 445:459 lactose content 445:459 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 12 80 theme fitness 2277:2283 arg1 traits 2285:2290 fitness traits 2277:2290 fitness traits 2277:2290 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 13 81 theme lactose 2467:2473 arg1 yield 2475:2479 lactose yield 2467:2479 lactose yield 2467:2479 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 13 81 theme lactose 2467:2473 arg1 trait 2504:2508 the trait 2500:2508 the trait highly emphasized in Australia 2500:2539 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 7 82 theme lactation 1340:1348 arg1 end 1329:1331 the end 1325:1331 the end of the lactation in the first parity 1325:1368 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 12 83 theme breeding 2139:2146 arg1 values 2148:2153 estimated breeding values 2129:2153 estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity 2129:2212 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 3 84 from Data 607:610 arg1 percentage 623:632 lactose percentage 615:632 lactose percentage 615:632 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 6 85 dep 0.20 1165:1168 arg1 to 1162:1163 to 1162:1163 to 1162:1163 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 6 86 theme percentage 1100:1109 arg1 higher 1130:1135 higher 1130:1135 higher 1130:1135 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 6 86 theme percentage 1100:1109 arg1 heritability 1076:1087 The heritability 1072:1087 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) 1072:1124 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 10 87 theme lactation 1761:1769 arg1 end 1750:1752 the end 1746:1752 the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) 1746:1786 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 13 88 theme positive 2430:2437 arg1 correlation 2447:2457 the high positive genetic correlation 2421:2457 the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia 2421:2539 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 9 89 dep levels 1470:1475 arg1 environmental 1503:1515 environmental 1503:1515 environmental 1503:1515 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 9 89 dep levels 1470:1475 arg1 residual 1522:1529 residual 1522:1529 residual 1522:1529 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 9 89 dep levels 1470:1475 arg1 genetic 1484:1490 genetic 1484:1490 genetic 1484:1490 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 13 90 theme limited 2400:2406 arg1 value 2408:2412 limited value 2400:2412 limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia 2400:2539 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 1 91 theme milk 173:176 arg1 component 160:168 a major component 152:168 a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle 152:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 1 91 theme milk 173:176 arg1 Lactose 141:147 Lactose 141:147 Lactose 141:147 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 7 92 from end 1329:1331 arg1 parity 1363:1368 the first parity 1353:1368 the first parity 1353:1368 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 2 93 theme milk 588:591 arg1 yield 593:597 milk yield 588:597 milk yield traits 588:604 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 3 94 theme genetic 708:714 arg1 parameters 716:725 estimated genetic parameters 698:725 estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield 698:766 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 0 95 theme production 121:130 arg1 systems 132:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 13 96 theme due 2414:2416 arg1 value 2408:2412 limited value 2400:2412 limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia 2400:2539 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 12 97 theme percentage 2114:2123 arg1 values 2096:2101 estimated breeding values 2077:2101 estimated breeding values of lactose percentage 2077:2123 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 12 97 theme percentage 2114:2123 arg1 values 2148:2153 estimated breeding values 2129:2153 estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity 2129:2212 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 14 98 theme recording 2551:2559 arg1 percentage 2569:2578 recording lactose percentage 2551:2578 recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system 2551:2623 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 12 99 theme lactose 2240:2246 arg1 percentage 2248:2257 lactose percentage 2240:2257 lactose percentage 2240:2257 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 9 100 dep genetic 1484:1490 arg1 i.e. 1478:1481 i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual 1478:1529 i.e. 1478:1481 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 9 101 theme milk 1557:1560 arg1 yield 1562:1566 milk yield 1557:1566 milk yield 1557:1566 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 12 102 theme estimated 2129:2137 arg1 values 2148:2153 estimated breeding values 2129:2153 estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity 2129:2212 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 10 103 theme environmental 1628:1640 arg1 correlations 1642:1653 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations 1602:1653 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC 1602:1688 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 10 103 theme environmental 1628:1640 arg1 stronger 1695:1702 stronger 1695:1702 stronger 1695:1702 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 14 104 theme dairy 2652:2656 arg1 industry 2658:2665 the Australian dairy industry 2637:2665 the Australian dairy industry 2637:2665 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 12 105 theme breeding 2087:2094 arg1 values 2096:2101 estimated breeding values 2077:2101 estimated breeding values of lactose percentage 2077:2123 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 10 106 theme third 1722:1726 arg1 parity 1728:1733 the second and third parity 1707:1733 the second and third parity 1707:1733 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. 28284698 7 107 with correlation 1209:1219 arg1 percentage 1256:1265 protein percentage 1248:1265 protein percentage 1248:1265 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 5 108 theme multi-trait 968:978 arg1 models 980:985 multi-trait models 968:985 multi-trait models 968:985 In addition, multi-trait models were also performed mainly to assess the value of lactose to predict fitness traits. 28284698 3 109 theme somatic 815:821 arg1 count 828:832 somatic cell count 815:832 somatic cell count (SCC) 815:838 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 3 109 theme somatic 815:821 arg1 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 SCC 835:837 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 7 110 theme protein 1248:1254 arg1 percentage 1256:1265 protein percentage 1248:1265 protein percentage 1248:1265 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 6 111 dep 0.37 1120:1123 arg1 to 1117:1118 to 1117:1118 to 1117:1118 The heritability of lactose percentage (0.25 to 0.37) was higher than lactose yield (0.11 to 0.20) in the first parity. 28284698 0 112 theme milk 62:65 arg1 traits 78:83 other milk production traits 56:83 other milk production traits 56:83 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 4 113 theme test-day 885:892 arg1 data 894:897 Daily test-day data 879:897 Daily test-day data 879:897 Daily test-day data were analyzed using bivariate random regression models. 28284698 0 114 from lactose 23:29 arg1 systems 132:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 pasture-based production systems 107:138 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 7 115 theme percentage 1232:1241 arg1 correlation 1209:1219 the correlation 1205:1219 the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage 1205:1265 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 3 116 theme lactose 754:760 arg1 yield 762:766 lactose yield 754:766 lactose yield 754:766 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 9 117 dep 1 1599:1599 arg1 to 1596:1597 to 1596:1597 to 1596:1597 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 3 118 theme milk 796:799 arg1 traits 807:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 other milk yield traits 790:812 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 0 119 theme fitness 89:95 arg1 traits 97:102 fitness traits 89:102 fitness traits 89:102 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 5 120 theme fitness 1056:1062 arg1 traits 1064:1069 fitness traits 1056:1069 fitness traits 1056:1069 In addition, multi-trait models were also performed mainly to assess the value of lactose to predict fitness traits. 28284698 8 121 theme genetic 1391:1397 arg1 correlations 1399:1410 genetic correlations 1391:1410 genetic correlations 1391:1410 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 2 122 theme fitness 488:494 arg1 traits 496:501 fitness traits 488:501 fitness traits 488:501 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 2 123 theme pasture-based 368:380 arg1 herds 399:403 pasture-based seasonal calving herds 368:403 pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia 368:416 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 8 124 from patterns 1379:1386 arg1 correlations 1399:1410 genetic correlations 1391:1410 genetic correlations 1391:1410 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 11 125 theme protein 1951:1957 arg1 percentage 1959:1968 protein percentage 1951:1968 protein percentage 1951:1968 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 12 126 theme lactose 2106:2112 arg1 percentage 2114:2123 lactose percentage 2106:2123 lactose percentage 2106:2123 Furthermore, the correlations of estimated breeding values of lactose percentage and estimated breeding values of traits such as survival, fertility, SCC, and angularity suggest that the value of lactose percentage as a predictor of fitness traits is weak. 28284698 9 127 from levels 1470:1475 arg1 1 1599:1599 1 1599:1599 1 1599:1599 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 9 127 from levels 1470:1475 arg1 correlation 1537:1547 the correlation 1533:1547 the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield 1533:1584 At all levels (i.e., genetic, permanent environmental, and residual), the correlation between milk yield and lactose yield was close to 1. 28284698 11 128 theme CIV 1942:1944 arg1 correlation 1927:1937 correlation 1927:1937 correlation of CIV with protein percentage 1927:1968 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 3 129 theme lactose 615:621 arg1 percentage 623:632 lactose percentage 615:632 lactose percentage 615:632 Data on lactose percentage collected from 2007 to 2014, from about 600 herds, were used to estimated genetic parameters for lactose percentage and lactose yield and correlations with other milk yield traits, somatic cell count (SCC), calving interval (CIV), and survival. 28284698 1 130 theme genetic 267:273 arg1 programs 287:294 national genetic improvement programs 258:294 national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle 258:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 0 131 with lactose 23:29 arg1 traits 78:83 other milk production traits 56:83 other milk production traits 56:83 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 0 131 with lactose 23:29 arg1 traits 97:102 fitness traits 89:102 fitness traits 89:102 Genetic parameters for lactose and its correlation with other milk production traits and fitness traits in pasture-based production systems. 28284698 2 132 theme calving 391:397 arg1 herds 399:403 pasture-based seasonal calving herds 368:403 pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia 368:416 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 11 133 from CIV 1900:1902 arg1 d 1894:1894 the first 120 d 1880:1894 the first 120 d 1880:1894 The genetic correlation between lactose percentage in the first 120 d and CIV (-0.23) was similar to correlation of CIV with protein percentage (-0.28), another component trait with the potential to predict fertility. 28284698 8 134 located observed 1422:1429 arg2 patterns 1379:1386 Similar patterns 1371:1386 Similar patterns in genetic correlations 1371:1410 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 8 134 located observed 1422:1429 arg1 parity 1455:1460 the second and third parity 1434:1460 the second and third parity 1434:1460 Similar patterns in genetic correlations were also observed in the second and third parity. 28284698 4 135 theme random 929:934 arg1 models 947:952 bivariate random regression models 919:952 bivariate random regression models 919:952 Daily test-day data were analyzed using bivariate random regression models. 28284698 2 136 theme Daily 313:317 arg1 yields 336:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields 313:341 Daily test-day lactose yields and percentage data from pasture-based seasonal calving herds in Australia were analyzed to assess if lactose content can be used for predicting fitness traits and if an additional benefit is achieved by including lactose yield in selecting for milk yield traits. 28284698 13 137 theme protein 2485:2491 arg1 yield 2493:2497 protein yield 2485:2497 protein yield 2485:2497 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 28284698 1 138 theme dairy 299:303 arg1 cattle 305:310 dairy cattle 299:310 dairy cattle 299:310 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 14 139 theme recording 2608:2616 arg1 system 2618:2623 the routine milk recording system 2591:2623 the routine milk recording system 2591:2623 However, recording lactose percentage as part of the routine milk recording system will enable the Australian dairy industry to respond quickly to any future changes and market signals. 28284698 1 140 theme composition 202:212 arg1 composition 202:212 composition 202:212 composition 202:212 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 1 140 theme composition 202:212 arg1 % 197:197 typically around 5% 179:197 typically around 5% of composition 179:212 Lactose is a major component of milk (typically around 5% of composition) that is not usually directly considered in national genetic improvement programs of dairy cattle. 28284698 7 141 from parity 1363:1368 arg1 end 1329:1331 the end 1325:1331 the end of the lactation in the first parity 1325:1368 Genetically, the correlation of lactose percentage with protein percentage varied from 0.3 at the beginning of lactation to -0.24 at the end of the lactation in the first parity. 28284698 13 142 theme lactose 2341:2347 arg1 yield 2349:2353 including lactose yield 2331:2353 including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective 2331:2392 The results also suggest that including lactose yield as a trait into the breeding objective is of limited value due to the high positive genetic correlation between lactose yield and protein yield, the trait highly emphasized in Australia. 26428122 4 0 dep % 610:610 arg1 4 609:609 4 609:609 4 609:609 Application of higher dose caused further, almost 4% increase in polymer recovery. 26428122 2 1 theme antioxidant 382:392 arg1 activity 408:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 4 2 theme polymer 624:630 arg1 recovery 632:639 polymer recovery 624:639 polymer recovery 624:639 Application of higher dose caused further, almost 4% increase in polymer recovery. 26428122 4 3 from increase 612:619 arg1 recovery 632:639 polymer recovery 624:639 polymer recovery 624:639 Application of higher dose caused further, almost 4% increase in polymer recovery. 26428122 5 4 theme higher 742:747 arg1 DM 749:750 higher DM 742:750 higher DM 742:750 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 6 5 contain had 845:847 arg2 profile 862:868 different NS profile 849:868 different NS profile 849:868 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 6 5 contain had 845:847 arg1 It 794:795 It 794:795 It 794:795 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 1 6 from dose 126:129 arg1 1.5L 116:119 Celluclast 1.5L 105:119 Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material 105:168 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material. 26428122 5 7 theme DM 749:750 arg1 GalA 734:737 more GalA 729:737 more GalA of higher DM and DAc 729:758 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 3 8 theme lowest 438:443 arg1 dose 445:448 The lowest dose 434:448 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation 434:473 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 5 9 theme DAc 756:758 arg1 GalA 734:737 more GalA 729:737 more GalA of higher DM and DAc 729:758 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 5 10 theme isolated 656:663 arg1 pectin 665:670 Enzymatically isolated pectin 642:670 Enzymatically isolated pectin 642:670 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 2 11 theme GalA 214:217 arg1 content 220:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 6 12 theme higher 889:894 arg1 activity 908:915 higher antiradical activity 889:915 higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells 889:1011 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 6 13 theme Caco-2 985:990 arg1 cells 1007:1011 Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells 985:1011 Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells 985:1011 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 6 14 theme antiradical 896:906 arg1 activity 908:915 higher antiradical activity 889:915 higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells 889:1011 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 1 15 with pomace 93:98 arg1 1.5L 116:119 Celluclast 1.5L 105:119 Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material 105:168 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material. 26428122 2 16 theme sugars 241:246 arg1 profile 253:259 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 4 17 dep increase 612:619 arg1 % 610:610 % 610:610 % 610:610 Application of higher dose caused further, almost 4% increase in polymer recovery. 26428122 5 18 theme more 729:732 arg1 GalA 734:737 more GalA 729:737 more GalA of higher DM and DAc 729:758 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 2 19 theme neutral 233:239 arg1 NS 249:250 NS 249:250 NS 249:250 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 19 theme neutral 233:239 arg1 sugars 241:246 the neutral sugars 229:246 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 ash 345:347 ash 345:347 ash 345:347 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 degree 266:271 the degree 262:271 the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc) 262:313 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 content 220:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 mass 330:333 the molecular mass 316:333 the molecular mass 316:333 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 activity 408:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 profile 253:259 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 protein 336:342 protein 336:342 protein 336:342 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 20 theme methylation 276:286 arg1 levels 364:369 polyphenol levels 353:369 polyphenol levels 353:369 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 5 21 theme molecular 700:708 arg1 mass 710:713 larger molecular mass 693:713 larger molecular mass 693:713 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 1 22 theme apple 87:91 arg1 pomace 93:98 apple pomace 87:98 apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material 87:168 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material. 26428122 6 23 theme adenocarcinoma 992:1005 arg1 cells 1007:1011 Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells 985:1011 Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells 985:1011 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 3 24 theme isolation 507:515 arg1 yield 491:495 the yield 487:495 the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%) 487:556 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 3 25 with comparable 517:526 arg1 treatment 540:548 acidic treatment 533:548 acidic treatment (15.3%) 533:556 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 3 25 with comparable 517:526 arg1 % 555:555 15.3% 551:555 15.3% 551:555 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 5 26 theme larger 693:698 arg1 mass 710:713 larger molecular mass 693:713 larger molecular mass 693:713 Enzymatically isolated pectin was characterised by larger molecular mass and contained more GalA of higher DM and DAc than polymer extracted with acid. 26428122 0 27 theme apple 34:38 arg1 extraction 47:56 apple pectin extraction 34:56 apple pectin extraction 34:56 Application of Celluclast 1.5L in apple pectin extraction. 26428122 2 28 theme antitumor 398:406 arg1 activity 408:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 3 29 theme comparable 517:526 arg1 yield 491:495 the yield 487:495 the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%) 487:556 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 3 30 theme enzymatic 453:461 arg1 preparation 463:473 enzymatic preparation 453:473 enzymatic preparation 453:473 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 1 31 theme μl 148:149 arg1 dose 126:129 a dose 124:129 a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material 124:168 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 ash 345:347 ash 345:347 ash 345:347 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 degree 266:271 the degree 262:271 the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc) 262:313 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 content 220:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 mass 330:333 the molecular mass 316:333 the molecular mass 316:333 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 activity 408:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 antioxidant and antitumor activity 382:415 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 profile 253:259 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 the neutral sugars (NS) profile 229:259 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 protein 336:342 protein 336:342 protein 336:342 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 32 theme acetylation 297:307 arg1 levels 364:369 polyphenol levels 353:369 polyphenol levels 353:369 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 2 33 theme obtained 174:181 arg1 pectin 183:188 obtained pectin 174:188 obtained pectin 174:188 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 1 34 theme material 161:168 arg1 1g 155:156 1g 155:156 1g of material 155:168 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material. 26428122 3 35 theme pectin 500:505 arg1 isolation 507:515 pectin isolation 500:515 pectin isolation 500:515 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 1 36 theme Celluclast 105:114 arg1 1.5L 116:119 Celluclast 1.5L 105:119 Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material 105:168 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with Celluclast 1.5L at a dose of 25, 50 and 75 μl per 1g of material. 26428122 0 37 theme pectin 40:45 arg1 extraction 47:56 apple pectin extraction 34:56 apple pectin extraction 34:56 Application of Celluclast 1.5L in apple pectin extraction. 26428122 6 38 theme cells 1007:1011 arg1 invasion 973:980 invasion 973:980 invasion 973:980 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 6 38 theme cells 1007:1011 arg1 proliferation 955:967 proliferation 955:967 proliferation 955:967 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 2 39 theme acid 208:211 arg1 content 220:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 3 40 theme preparation 463:473 arg1 dose 445:448 The lowest dose 434:448 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation 434:473 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 4 41 theme dose 581:584 arg1 Application 559:569 Application 559:569 Application of higher dose 559:584 Application of higher dose caused further, almost 4% increase in polymer recovery. 26428122 6 42 theme NS 859:860 arg1 profile 862:868 different NS profile 849:868 different NS profile 849:868 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 2 43 theme galacturonic 195:206 arg1 content 220:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 the galacturonic acid (GalA) content 191:226 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 4 44 theme higher 574:579 arg1 dose 581:584 higher dose 574:584 higher dose 574:584 Application of higher dose caused further, almost 4% increase in polymer recovery. 26428122 6 45 theme different 849:857 arg1 profile 862:868 different NS profile 849:868 different NS profile 849:868 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 3 46 theme acidic 533:538 arg1 treatment 540:548 acidic treatment 533:548 acidic treatment (15.3%) 533:556 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 3 46 theme acidic 533:538 arg1 % 555:555 15.3% 551:555 15.3% 551:555 The lowest dose of enzymatic preparation resulted in the yield of pectin isolation comparable with acidic treatment (15.3%). 26428122 6 47 dep proliferation 955:967 arg1 the 951:953 the 951:953 the 951:953 It was also richer in protein and polyphenols, and had different NS profile, which resulted in higher antiradical activity as well as the ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells. 26428122 2 48 theme polyphenol 353:362 arg1 levels 364:369 polyphenol levels 353:369 polyphenol levels 353:369 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26428122 0 49 theme Celluclast 15:24 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of Celluclast 0:24 Application of Celluclast 1.5L in apple pectin extraction. 26428122 2 50 theme molecular 320:328 arg1 mass 330:333 the molecular mass 316:333 the molecular mass 316:333 In obtained pectin, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, the neutral sugars (NS) profile, the degree of methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the molecular mass, protein, ash and polyphenol levels as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity were determined. 26876867 4 0 theme increased 773:781 arg1 repulsion 797:805 an increased electrostatic repulsion 770:805 an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface 770:872 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 2 1 theme NP 411:412 arg1 bulk 414:417 the NP bulk 407:417 the NP bulk 407:417 PLGA constitutes the NP bulk while HA is superficially exposed, with amphiphilic poloxamers acting as a bridge between PLGA and HA. 26876867 0 2 from arrangement 12:22 arg1 irinotecan 70:79 irinotecan 70:79 irinotecan 70:79 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 3 3 theme ELISA 585:589 arg1 tests 591:595 ELISA tests 585:595 ELISA tests 585:595 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 6 4 theme HA-containing 981:993 arg1 NPs 995:997 HA-containing NPs 981:997 HA-containing NPs 981:997 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 4 5 theme device 859:864 arg1 surface 866:872 the device surface 855:872 the device surface 855:872 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 0 6 theme PLGA 88:91 arg1 nanoparticles 93:105 PLGA nanoparticles 88:105 PLGA nanoparticles 88:105 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 3 7 theme assembly 648:655 arg1 hypothesis 626:635 the hypothesis 622:635 the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations 622:674 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 4 8 theme electrostatic 783:795 arg1 repulsion 797:805 an increased electrostatic repulsion 770:805 an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface 770:872 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 5 9 theme IRIN 875:878 arg1 kinetics 897:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics 875:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics 875:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics can be sustained up to 7-13 days. 26876867 4 10 theme surface 866:872 arg1 hydration 842:850 hydration 842:850 hydration of the device surface 842:872 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 1 11 theme lipophilicity 302:314 arg1 gradient 290:297 a gradient 288:297 a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs 288:387 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 4 12 from presence 681:688 arg1 surface 718:724 NP surface 715:724 NP surface 715:724 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 4 13 theme HA 702:703 arg1 chains 705:710 flexible HA chains 693:710 flexible HA chains 693:710 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 3 14 from hypothesis 626:635 arg1 formulations 663:674 NP formulations 660:674 NP formulations 660:674 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 4 15 theme flexible 693:700 arg1 chains 705:710 flexible HA chains 693:710 flexible HA chains 693:710 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 4 16 theme hydration 842:850 arg1 degree 832:837 a higher degree 823:837 a higher degree of hydration of the device surface 823:872 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 4 16 theme hydration 842:850 arg1 NPs 815:817 NPs 815:817 NPs 815:817 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 1 17 theme moieties 164:171 arg1 arrangement 112:122 The arrangement 108:122 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) 108:256 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 3 18 theme polymer 640:646 arg1 assembly 648:655 polymer assembly 640:655 polymer assembly 640:655 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 6 19 theme breast 1062:1067 arg1 cells 1079:1083 CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells 1042:1083 CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T) 1042:1092 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 6 19 theme breast 1062:1067 arg1 HS578T 1086:1091 HS578T 1086:1091 HS578T 1086:1091 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 0 20 theme Spontaneous 0:10 arg1 arrangement 12:22 Spontaneous arrangement 0:22 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan 0:79 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 4 21 attach presence 681:688 arg2 chains 705:710 flexible HA chains 693:710 flexible HA chains 693:710 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 4 21 attach presence 681:688 arg1 surface 718:724 NP surface 715:724 NP surface 715:724 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 6 22 theme CD44 1140:1143 arg1 receptor 1145:1152 CD44 receptor 1140:1152 CD44 receptor 1140:1152 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 1 23 from arrangement 112:122 arg1 NPs 253:255 NPs 253:255 NPs 253:255 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 23 from arrangement 112:122 arg1 nanoparticles 238:250 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles 176:250 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) 176:256 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 6 24 theme CD44-overexpressing 1042:1060 arg1 cells 1079:1083 CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells 1042:1083 CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T) 1042:1092 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 6 24 theme CD44-overexpressing 1042:1060 arg1 HS578T 1086:1091 HS578T 1086:1091 HS578T 1086:1091 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 6 25 theme biologic 949:956 arg1 studies 958:964 In vitro biologic studies 940:964 In vitro biologic studies 940:964 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 3 26 theme NP 660:661 arg1 formulations 663:674 NP formulations 660:674 NP formulations 660:674 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 4 27 theme higher 825:830 arg1 degree 832:837 a higher degree 823:837 a higher degree of hydration of the device surface 823:872 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 1 28 theme oil 328:330 arg1 phases 342:347 the oil and water phases 324:347 phases 342:347 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 6 29 theme In 940:941 arg1 studies 958:964 In vitro biologic studies 940:964 In vitro biologic studies 940:964 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 0 30 theme targeting 35:43 arg1 acid 56:59 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid 27:59 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell 27:65 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 6 31 theme bare 1020:1023 arg1 NPs 1030:1032 bare PLGA NPs 1020:1032 bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T) 1020:1092 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 2 32 theme amphiphilic 459:469 arg1 poloxamers 471:480 amphiphilic poloxamers 459:480 amphiphilic poloxamers acting as a bridge between PLGA and HA 459:519 PLGA constitutes the NP bulk while HA is superficially exposed, with amphiphilic poloxamers acting as a bridge between PLGA and HA. 26876867 4 33 theme NP 735:736 arg1 stability 743:751 NP size stability 735:751 NP size stability 735:751 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 0 34 theme tumor 29:33 arg1 acid 56:59 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid 27:59 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell 27:65 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 1 35 theme water 336:340 arg1 phases 342:347 the oil and water phases 324:347 phases 342:347 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 36 theme -loaded 193:199 arg1 poly 201:204 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly 176:204 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) 176:256 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 36 theme -loaded 193:199 arg1 acid 225:228 lactic-co-glycolic acid 206:228 lactic-co-glycolic acid 206:228 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 36 theme -loaded 193:199 arg1 PLGA 232:235 PLGA 232:235 PLGA 232:235 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 0 37 theme acid 56:59 arg1 shell 61:65 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell 27:65 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell 27:65 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 3 38 theme potential 562:570 arg1 analyses 572:579 zeta potential analyses 557:579 zeta potential analyses 557:579 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 5 39 dep in 880:881 arg1 vitro 883:887 vitro 883:887 vitro 883:887 IRIN in vitro release kinetics can be sustained up to 7-13 days. 26876867 0 40 theme hyaluronic 45:54 arg1 acid 56:59 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid 27:59 a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell 27:65 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 4 41 theme size 738:741 arg1 stability 743:751 NP size stability 735:751 NP size stability 735:751 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 3 42 theme zeta 557:560 arg1 analyses 572:579 zeta potential analyses 557:579 zeta potential analyses 557:579 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 4 43 theme NP 715:716 arg1 surface 718:724 NP surface 715:724 NP surface 715:724 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 5 44 theme release 889:895 arg1 kinetics 897:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics 875:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics 875:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics can be sustained up to 7-13 days. 26876867 1 45 theme tumor 127:131 arg1 acid 154:157 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid 127:157 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties 127:171 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 45 theme tumor 127:131 arg1 HA 160:161 HA 160:161 HA 160:161 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 46 theme poly 201:204 arg1 NPs 253:255 NPs 253:255 NPs 253:255 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 46 theme poly 201:204 arg1 nanoparticles 238:250 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles 176:250 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) 176:256 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 6 47 theme carcinoma 1069:1077 arg1 cells 1079:1083 CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells 1042:1083 CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T) 1042:1092 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 6 47 theme carcinoma 1069:1077 arg1 HS578T 1086:1091 HS578T 1086:1091 HS578T 1086:1091 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 1 48 theme emulsion 356:363 arg1 phases 342:347 the oil and water phases 324:347 phases 342:347 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 4 49 theme chains 705:710 arg1 presence 681:688 The presence 677:688 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface 677:724 The presence of flexible HA chains on NP surface enhances NP size stability over time due to an increased electrostatic repulsion between NPs and a higher degree of hydration of the device surface. 26876867 1 50 theme targeting 133:141 arg1 acid 154:157 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid 127:157 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties 127:171 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 50 theme targeting 133:141 arg1 HA 160:161 HA 160:161 HA 160:161 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 6 51 theme PLGA 1025:1028 arg1 NPs 1030:1032 bare PLGA NPs 1020:1032 bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T) 1020:1092 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 5 52 theme in 880:881 arg1 kinetics 897:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics 875:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics 875:904 IRIN in vitro release kinetics can be sustained up to 7-13 days. 26876867 3 53 theme Differential 522:533 arg1 calorimetry 544:554 Differential scanning calorimetry 522:554 Differential scanning calorimetry 522:554 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 6 54 dep In 940:941 arg1 vitro 943:947 vitro 943:947 vitro 943:947 In vitro biologic studies indicated that HA-containing NPs were more toxic than bare PLGA NPs against CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells (HS578T), therefore indicating their ability to target CD44 receptor. 26876867 1 55 theme hyaluronic 143:152 arg1 acid 154:157 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid 127:157 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties 127:171 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 55 theme hyaluronic 143:152 arg1 HA 160:161 HA 160:161 HA 160:161 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 56 theme lactic-co-glycolic 206:223 arg1 poly 201:204 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly 176:204 irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) 176:256 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 1 56 theme lactic-co-glycolic 206:223 arg1 acid 225:228 lactic-co-glycolic acid 206:228 lactic-co-glycolic acid 206:228 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 0 57 theme shell 61:65 arg1 arrangement 12:22 Spontaneous arrangement 0:22 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan 0:79 Spontaneous arrangement of a tumor targeting hyaluronic acid shell on irinotecan loaded PLGA nanoparticles. 26876867 3 58 theme scanning 535:542 arg1 calorimetry 544:554 Differential scanning calorimetry 522:554 Differential scanning calorimetry 522:554 Differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analyses and ELISA tests were employed to support the hypothesis of polymer assembly in NP formulations. 26876867 1 59 theme acid 154:157 arg1 moieties 164:171 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties 127:171 tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties 127:171 The arrangement of tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties on irinotecan (IRIN)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) has been directed by means of a gradient of lipophilicity between the oil and water phases of the emulsion used to produce the NPs. 26876867 5 60 dep days 934:937 arg1 up 923:924 up 923:924 up 923:924 IRIN in vitro release kinetics can be sustained up to 7-13 days. 28466854 0 0 theme composites 55:64 arg1 elongation 13:22 the elongation 9:22 the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films 9:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 5 1 dep 4.07 × 108 Hz 924:936 arg1 to 921:922 to 921:922 to 921:922 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 6 2 theme pure 1033:1036 arg1 PLLA 1038:1041 pure PLLA 1033:1041 pure PLLA 1033:1041 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 4 3 theme PHB 712:714 arg1 addition 700:707 the addition 696:707 the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix 696:742 DSC demonstrated that the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix lead to reduce Tg, TCC and Tm than pure PLLA. 28466854 4 4 theme CNC 717:719 arg1 addition 700:707 the addition 696:707 the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix 696:742 DSC demonstrated that the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix lead to reduce Tg, TCC and Tm than pure PLLA. 28466854 5 5 theme carbonyl 814:821 arg1 C=O 829:831 the carbonyl group C=O 810:831 the carbonyl group C=O 810:831 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 6 6 from use 1144:1146 arg1 packaging 1156:1164 food packaging 1151:1164 food packaging 1151:1164 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 3 7 theme tensile 643:649 arg1 testing 651:657 tensile testing 643:657 tensile testing 643:657 The morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied using POM, DSC, WAXD, SEM and tensile testing, respectively. 28466854 2 8 theme cellulose 393:401 arg1 hydrolysis 362:371 hydrolysis 362:371 hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water 362:426 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 2 9 theme ultrasonic 487:496 arg1 treatment 498:506 ultrasonic treatment 487:506 ultrasonic treatment 487:506 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 6 10 theme food 1151:1154 arg1 packaging 1156:1164 food packaging 1151:1164 food packaging 1151:1164 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 2 11 theme microcrystalline 376:391 arg1 MCC 404:406 MCC 404:406 MCC 404:406 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 2 11 theme microcrystalline 376:391 arg1 cellulose 393:401 microcrystalline cellulose 376:401 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 376:407 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 0 12 theme food 77:80 arg1 films 92:96 food packaging films 77:96 food packaging films 77:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 6 13 from break 1077:1081 arg1 elongation 1063:1072 the elongation 1059:1072 the elongation at break of PLLA composites 1059:1100 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 6 14 theme Mechanical 1003:1012 arg1 testing 1014:1020 Mechanical testing 1003:1020 Mechanical testing 1003:1020 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 0 15 theme poly 36:39 arg1 composites 55:64 poly (lactic acid) composites 36:64 poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films 36:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 2 16 theme fibril 319:324 arg1 CNF 340:342 fibril nano crystal (CNF) 319:343 fibril nano crystal (CNF) 319:343 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 0 17 from break 27:31 arg1 elongation 13:22 the elongation 9:22 the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films 9:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 6 18 dep 205 1116:1118 arg1 to 1113:1114 to 1113:1114 to 1113:1114 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 1 19 from use 267:269 arg1 sector 291:296 the food packing sector 274:296 the food packing sector 274:296 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 3 20 theme mechanical 578:587 arg1 properties 589:598 mechanical properties 578:598 mechanical properties 578:598 The morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied using POM, DSC, WAXD, SEM and tensile testing, respectively. 28466854 2 21 theme magnetic 454:461 arg1 stirrer 463:469 a magnetic stirrer 452:469 a magnetic stirrer for 15 days 452:481 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 4 22 theme pure 779:782 arg1 PLLA 784:787 pure PLLA 779:787 pure PLLA 779:787 DSC demonstrated that the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix lead to reduce Tg, TCC and Tm than pure PLLA. 28466854 5 23 dep 3.13 × 108 Hz 988:1000 arg1 to 985:986 to 985:986 to 985:986 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 1 24 theme cellulose 132:140 arg1 CNC 156:158 cellulose nano crystal (CNC) 132:159 cellulose nano crystal (CNC) 132:159 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 1 25 from break 257:261 arg1 elongation 243:252 the elongation 239:252 the elongation at break 239:261 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 0 26 theme packaging 82:90 arg1 films 92:96 food packaging films 77:96 food packaging films 77:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 1 27 theme nano 142:145 arg1 CNC 156:158 cellulose nano crystal (CNC) 132:159 cellulose nano crystal (CNC) 132:159 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 1 28 theme crystal 147:153 arg1 CNC 156:158 cellulose nano crystal (CNC) 132:159 cellulose nano crystal (CNC) 132:159 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 4 29 theme TBC 725:727 arg1 addition 700:707 the addition 696:707 the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix 696:742 DSC demonstrated that the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix lead to reduce Tg, TCC and Tm than pure PLLA. 28466854 1 30 theme food 278:281 arg1 sector 291:296 the food packing sector 274:296 the food packing sector 274:296 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 2 31 theme crystal 331:337 arg1 CNF 340:342 fibril nano crystal (CNF) 319:343 fibril nano crystal (CNF) 319:343 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 6 32 theme composites 1091:1100 arg1 elongation 1063:1072 the elongation 1059:1072 the elongation at break of PLLA composites 1059:1100 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 1 33 theme packing 283:289 arg1 sector 291:296 the food packing sector 274:296 the food packing sector 274:296 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 2 34 theme nano 326:329 arg1 CNF 340:342 fibril nano crystal (CNF) 319:343 fibril nano crystal (CNF) 319:343 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 2 35 theme green 535:539 arg1 method 541:546 green method 535:546 green method 535:546 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 5 36 dep 3.44 × 108 Hz 956:968 arg1 to 953:954 to 953:954 to 953:954 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 2 37 from hydrolysis 362:371 arg1 water 422:426 distilled water 412:426 distilled water 412:426 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 2 38 theme distilled 412:420 arg1 water 422:426 distilled water 412:426 distilled water 412:426 Spherical (CNC) and fibril nano crystal (CNF) were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in distilled water, and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 15 days and ultrasonic treatment without using any acids as green method. 28466854 0 39 from use 70:72 arg1 films 92:96 food packaging films 77:96 food packaging films 77:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 6 40 theme PLLA 1086:1089 arg1 composites 1091:1100 PLLA composites 1086:1100 PLLA composites 1086:1100 Mechanical testing shows that pure PLLA is brittle, and the elongation at break of PLLA composites reaches up to 205%, making it suitable to use in food packaging. 28466854 5 41 theme group 823:827 arg1 C=O 829:831 the carbonyl group C=O 810:831 the carbonyl group C=O 810:831 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 0 42 theme lactic 42:47 arg1 poly 36:39 poly 36:39 poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films 36:96 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 0 42 theme lactic 42:47 arg1 acid 49:52 lactic acid 42:52 lactic acid 42:52 Increase the elongation at break of poly (lactic acid) composites for use in food packaging films. 28466854 5 43 theme PLLA 870:873 arg1 composites 875:884 the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 866:895 the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz 866:936 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 5 44 from peaks 857:861 arg1 composites 875:884 the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 866:895 the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz 866:936 FT-IR verified that the carbonyl group C=O appeared broad and some peaks in the PLLA composites 5, 6 and 7 shifted from 3.98 × 108 to 4.07 × 108 Hz, at 3.54 × 108 to 3.44 × 108 Hz, at 3.19 × 108 to 3.13 × 108 Hz. 28466854 1 45 theme 3-hydroxy 105:113 arg1 Poly 99:102 Poly 99:102 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB) 99:129 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 1 45 theme 3-hydroxy 105:113 arg1 butyrate 115:122 3-hydroxy butyrate 105:122 3-hydroxy butyrate 105:122 Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and a plasticizer (TBC) are mixed together with PLLA with the aim to increase the elongation at break for use in the food packing sector. 28466854 4 46 theme PLLA 732:735 arg1 matrix 737:742 PLLA matrix 732:742 PLLA matrix 732:742 DSC demonstrated that the addition of PHB, CNC and TBC to PLLA matrix lead to reduce Tg, TCC and Tm than pure PLLA. 29090834 0 0 theme sulfated 102:109 arg1 β-cyclodextrins 111:125 sulfated β-cyclodextrins 102:125 sulfated β-cyclodextrins 102:125 Computer simulation and enantioselective capillary electrophoresis to characterize isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins. 29090834 2 1 theme S-β-CD 394:399 arg1 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 394:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 2 1 theme S-β-CD 394:399 arg1 lots 386:389 several lots 378:389 several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 378:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 9 2 theme S-methadone 1472:1482 arg1 migration 1459:1467 the cationic migration 1446:1467 the cationic migration of S-methadone 1446:1482 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 7 3 theme different 1266:1274 arg1 buffers 1276:1282 different buffers 1266:1282 different buffers 1266:1282 For a given ionic strength, agreement between predicted and experimentally observed behavior was obtained for different buffers. 29090834 7 4 theme given 1162:1166 arg1 strength 1174:1181 a given ionic strength 1160:1181 a given ionic strength 1160:1181 For a given ionic strength, agreement between predicted and experimentally observed behavior was obtained for different buffers. 29090834 1 5 theme multiple 188:195 arg1 mixtures 204:211 multiple isomer mixtures 188:211 multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 188:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 5 6 theme varying 1005:1011 arg1 strength 1019:1026 varying ionic strength 1005:1026 varying ionic strength 1005:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 5 7 theme different 977:985 arg1 lots 987:990 different lots 977:990 different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength 977:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 5 7 theme different 977:985 arg1 S-β-CD 995:1000 S-β-CD 995:1000 S-β-CD at varying ionic strength 995:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 4 8 theme strength 756:763 arg1 increase 765:772 the ionic strength increase 746:772 the ionic strength increase 746:772 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 0 9 theme β-cyclodextrins 111:125 arg1 mixtures 90:97 isomer mixtures 83:97 isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins 83:125 Computer simulation and enantioselective capillary electrophoresis to characterize isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins. 29090834 9 10 theme given 1362:1366 arg1 configuration 1368:1380 any given configuration 1358:1380 any given configuration 1358:1380 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 4 11 dep differences 839:849 arg1 ii 835:836 ii 835:836 ii 835:836 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 2 12 from lots 386:389 arg1 manufacturer 415:426 the same manufacturer 406:426 the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 406:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 3 13 theme certain 543:549 arg1 lots 551:554 certain lots 543:554 certain lots 543:554 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 5 14 theme complex 938:944 arg1 mobilities 946:955 the S-β-CD and complex mobilities 923:955 mobilities 946:955 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 7 15 theme observed 1231:1238 arg1 behavior 1240:1247 experimentally observed behavior 1216:1247 experimentally observed behavior 1216:1247 For a given ionic strength, agreement between predicted and experimentally observed behavior was obtained for different buffers. 29090834 8 16 theme stronger 1303:1310 arg1 interaction 1312:1322 a stronger interaction 1301:1322 a stronger interaction with S-β-CD 1301:1334 R-methadone has a stronger interaction with S-β-CD than S-methadone. 29090834 4 17 theme ionic 750:754 arg1 strength 756:763 the ionic strength 746:763 the ionic strength increase 746:772 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 5 18 from strength 1019:1026 arg1 lots 987:990 different lots 977:990 different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength 977:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 5 18 from strength 1019:1026 arg1 S-β-CD 995:1000 S-β-CD 995:1000 S-β-CD at varying ionic strength 995:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 1 19 theme isomer 197:202 arg1 mixtures 204:211 multiple isomer mixtures 188:211 multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 188:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 9 20 theme migration 1494:1502 arg1 direction 1504:1512 the migration direction 1490:1512 the migration direction of R-methadone 1490:1527 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 4 21 from differences 839:849 arg1 composition 861:871 buffer composition 854:871 buffer composition 854:871 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 5 22 theme S-β-CD 995:1000 arg1 lots 987:990 different lots 977:990 different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength 977:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 5 22 theme S-β-CD 995:1000 arg1 S-β-CD 995:1000 S-β-CD 995:1000 S-β-CD at varying ionic strength 995:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 1 23 theme mixtures 204:211 arg1 presence 176:183 the presence 172:183 the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 172:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 8 24 with interaction 1312:1322 arg1 S-β-CD 1329:1334 S-β-CD 1329:1334 S-β-CD 1329:1334 R-methadone has a stronger interaction with S-β-CD than S-methadone. 29090834 4 25 theme buffer 854:859 arg1 composition 861:871 buffer composition 854:871 buffer composition 854:871 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 4 26 with S-β-CDs 795:801 arg1 differences 839:849 differences 839:849 (ii) differences in buffer composition 834:871 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 4 26 with S-β-CDs 795:801 arg1 state 824:828 a higher charge state 808:828 a higher charge state 808:828 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 2 27 theme many 362:365 arg1 years 367:371 many years 362:371 many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 362:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 10 28 theme micropreparative 1599:1614 arg1 separations 1620:1630 micropreparative CZE separations 1599:1630 micropreparative CZE separations 1599:1630 This configuration was demonstrated to be applicable for micropreparative CZE separations. 29090834 5 29 theme Apparent 874:881 arg1 constants 891:899 Apparent binding constants 874:899 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities 874:955 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 0 30 theme Computer 0:7 arg1 simulation 9:18 Computer simulation 0:18 Computer simulation 0:18 Computer simulation and enantioselective capillary electrophoresis to characterize isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins. 29090834 1 31 theme computer 309:316 arg1 simulation 318:327 computer simulation 309:327 computer simulation 309:327 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 8 32 contain has 1297:1299 arg1 R-methadone 1285:1295 R-methadone 1285:1295 R-methadone 1285:1295 R-methadone has a stronger interaction with S-β-CD than S-methadone. 29090834 8 32 contain has 1297:1299 arg2 interaction 1312:1322 a stronger interaction 1301:1322 a stronger interaction with S-β-CD 1301:1334 R-methadone has a stronger interaction with S-β-CD than S-methadone. 29090834 1 33 from separation 145:154 arg1 presence 176:183 the presence 172:183 the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 172:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 2 34 theme same 410:413 arg1 manufacturer 415:426 the same manufacturer 406:426 the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 406:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 0 35 theme enantioselective 24:39 arg1 electrophoresis 51:65 enantioselective capillary electrophoresis 24:65 enantioselective capillary electrophoresis 24:65 Computer simulation and enantioselective capillary electrophoresis to characterize isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins. 29090834 4 36 theme charge 817:822 arg1 state 824:828 a higher charge state 808:828 a higher charge state 808:828 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 5 37 theme ionic 1013:1017 arg1 strength 1019:1026 varying ionic strength 1005:1026 varying ionic strength 1005:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 6 38 used used 1125:1128 arg2 values 1113:1118 The obtained values 1100:1118 The obtained values 1100:1118 The obtained values were used as input for simulations. 29090834 6 38 used used 1125:1128 arg2 input 1133:1137 input 1133:1137 input 1133:1137 The obtained values were used as input for simulations. 29090834 9 39 theme R-methadone 1517:1527 arg1 direction 1504:1512 the migration direction 1490:1512 the migration direction of R-methadone 1490:1527 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 2 40 theme substitution 455:466 arg1 degree 445:450 a specified degree 433:450 a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 433:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 9 41 theme S-β-CD 1402:1407 arg1 range 1423:1427 a distinct S-β-CD concentration range 1391:1427 a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed 1391:1539 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 1 42 theme enantiomeric 132:143 arg1 separation 145:154 The enantiomeric separation 128:154 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 128:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 3 43 theme migration 502:510 arg1 patterns 512:519 the migration patterns 498:519 the migration patterns 498:519 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 5 44 theme S-β-CD 927:932 arg1 mobilities 946:955 the S-β-CD and complex mobilities 923:955 mobilities 946:955 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 2 45 with years 367:371 arg1 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 394:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 2 45 with years 367:371 arg1 lots 386:389 several lots 378:389 several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 378:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 1 46 theme sulfated 216:223 arg1 S-β-CD 241:246 S-β-CD 241:246 S-β-CD 241:246 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 1 46 theme sulfated 216:223 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 225:238 sulfated β-cyclodextrin 216:238 sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 216:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 0 47 theme capillary 41:49 arg1 electrophoresis 51:65 enantioselective capillary electrophoresis 24:65 enantioselective capillary electrophoresis 24:65 Computer simulation and enantioselective capillary electrophoresis to characterize isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins. 29090834 2 48 theme 7-11 471:474 arg1 substitution 455:466 substitution 455:466 substitution of 7-11 455:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 2 49 from manufacturer 415:426 arg1 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 394:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 2 49 from manufacturer 415:426 arg1 lots 386:389 several lots 378:389 several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 378:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 2 50 theme specified 435:443 arg1 degree 445:450 a specified degree 433:450 a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 433:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 7 51 theme ionic 1168:1172 arg1 strength 1174:1181 a given ionic strength 1160:1181 a given ionic strength 1160:1181 For a given ionic strength, agreement between predicted and experimentally observed behavior was obtained for different buffers. 29090834 10 52 theme CZE 1616:1618 arg1 separations 1620:1630 micropreparative CZE separations 1599:1630 micropreparative CZE separations 1599:1630 This configuration was demonstrated to be applicable for micropreparative CZE separations. 29090834 9 53 theme distinct 1393:1400 arg1 range 1423:1427 a distinct S-β-CD concentration range 1391:1427 a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed 1391:1539 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 6 54 theme obtained 1104:1111 arg1 values 1113:1118 The obtained values 1100:1118 The obtained values 1100:1118 The obtained values were used as input for simulations. 29090834 6 54 theme obtained 1104:1111 arg1 input 1133:1137 input 1133:1137 input 1133:1137 The obtained values were used as input for simulations. 29090834 5 55 theme acid 1086:1089 arg1 buffers 1091:1097 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers 1048:1097 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers 1048:1097 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 5 56 theme 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic 1048:1084 arg1 buffers 1091:1097 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers 1048:1097 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers 1048:1097 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 2 57 theme several 378:384 arg1 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD 394:399 S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 394:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 2 57 theme several 378:384 arg1 lots 386:389 several lots 378:389 several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 378:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 3 58 from extent 586:591 arg1 lots 609:612 lots 609:612 lots released after a transition time 609:645 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 3 59 theme labelling 596:604 arg1 extent 586:591 the extent 582:591 the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time 582:645 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 3 59 theme labelling 596:604 arg1 higher 651:656 higher 651:656 higher 651:656 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 4 60 dep resulting 774:782 arg1 i 743:743 i 743:743 i 743:743 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 9 61 theme concentration 1409:1421 arg1 range 1423:1427 a distinct S-β-CD concentration range 1391:1427 a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed 1391:1539 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 4 62 from state 824:828 arg1 composition 861:871 buffer composition 854:871 buffer composition 854:871 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 1 63 theme methadone 159:167 arg1 separation 145:154 The enantiomeric separation 128:154 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 128:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 5 64 theme binding 883:889 arg1 constants 891:899 Apparent binding constants 874:899 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities 874:955 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 3 65 from differences 483:493 arg1 patterns 512:519 the migration patterns 498:519 the migration patterns 498:519 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 4 66 theme migration 689:697 arg1 pattern 699:705 The migration pattern 685:705 The migration pattern 685:705 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 29090834 9 67 theme cationic 1450:1457 arg1 migration 1459:1467 the cationic migration 1446:1467 the cationic migration of S-methadone 1446:1482 For any given configuration there is a distinct S-β-CD concentration range which results in the cationic migration of S-methadone while the migration direction of R-methadone is reversed. 29090834 5 68 from lots 987:990 arg1 strength 1019:1026 varying ionic strength 1005:1026 varying ionic strength 1005:1026 Apparent binding constants between methadone and the S-β-CD and complex mobilities were determined for different lots of S-β-CD at varying ionic strength using phosphate and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid buffers. 29090834 3 69 theme transition 631:640 arg1 time 642:645 a transition time 629:645 a transition time 629:645 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 1 70 theme β-cyclodextrin 225:238 arg1 mixtures 204:211 multiple isomer mixtures 188:211 multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) 188:247 The enantiomeric separation of methadone in the presence of multiple isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was studied experimentally with CZE and theoretically using computer simulation. 29090834 3 71 theme Large 477:481 arg1 differences 483:493 Large differences 477:493 Large differences in the migration patterns 477:519 Large differences in the migration patterns were observed between certain lots and it was concluded that the extent of labelling in lots released after a transition time was higher than originally specified. 29090834 0 72 theme isomer 83:88 arg1 mixtures 90:97 isomer mixtures 83:97 isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins 83:125 Computer simulation and enantioselective capillary electrophoresis to characterize isomer mixtures of sulfated β-cyclodextrins. 29090834 2 73 with manufacturer 415:426 arg1 degree 445:450 a specified degree 433:450 a specified degree of substitution of 7-11 433:474 Experiments were performed over many years with several lots of S-β-CD from the same manufacturer with a specified degree of substitution of 7-11. 29090834 4 74 theme higher 810:815 arg1 state 824:828 a higher charge state 808:828 a higher charge state 808:828 The migration pattern was observed to be associated with (i) the ionic strength increase resulting from using S-β-CDs with a higher charge state and (ii) differences in buffer composition. 28000299 5 0 dep resulted 657:664 arg1 % 692:692 80% 690:692 80% released during 12 h 690:713 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 5 1 theme FINDINGS 595:602 arg1 hypromellose 619:630 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose 591:630 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer 591:655 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 10 2 theme MT 1300:1301 arg1 development 1285:1295 coated MT. Further development 1266:1295 coated MT. Further development of MT 1266:1301 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 10 2 theme MT 1300:1301 arg1 matrix-type 1250:1260 matrix-type 1250:1260 matrix-type 1250:1260 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 10 3 theme single 1308:1313 arg1 unit 1315:1318 a single unit 1306:1318 a single unit 1306:1318 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 10 3 theme single 1308:1313 arg1 release 1212:1218 CONCLUSION Prolonged release 1191:1218 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ 1191:1225 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 4 4 theme 1 534:534 arg1 % 535:535 % 535:535 % 535:535 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 1 5 dep OBJECTIVE 86:94 arg1 was 104:106 was 104:106 was to develop prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ) 104:177 OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ). 28000299 5 6 theme High-viscosity 604:617 arg1 hypromellose 619:630 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose 591:630 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer 591:655 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 6 7 theme hydrophobic 745:755 arg1 matrices 757:764 hydrophobic matrices 745:764 hydrophobic matrices 745:764 Dissolution was slower from hydrophobic matrices. 28000299 2 8 dep hydrophilic 261:271 arg1 hypromellose 274:285 hypromellose 274:285 hypromellose 274:285 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 10 9 theme dosage 1362:1367 arg1 form 1369:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form 1323:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children 1323:1405 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 4 10 theme release 469:475 arg1 media 584:588 dissolution media 572:588 dissolution media 572:588 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 4 10 theme release 469:475 arg1 tests 477:481 The release tests 465:481 The release tests 465:481 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 10 11 theme prolonged-release 1340:1356 arg1 form 1369:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form 1323:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children 1323:1405 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 7 12 theme /14 886:888 arg1 h 890:890 h 890:890 h 890:890 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 7 13 theme Eudragit 819:826 arg1 RL/RS 828:832 Eudragit RL/RS 819:832 Eudragit RL/RS 819:832 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 2 14 dep METHODS 180:186 arg1 CBZ 214:216 5 mg CBZ 209:216 5 mg CBZ 209:216 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 14 dep METHODS 180:186 arg1 MT 205:206 Matrix-type 3-mm MT 188:206 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) 180:217 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 5 15 theme CBZ 685:687 arg1 release 674:680 slow release 669:680 slow release of CBZ 669:687 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 10 16 theme multicompartment 1323:1338 arg1 form 1369:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form 1323:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children 1323:1405 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 2 17 theme hydrophilic 261:271 arg1 polymers 303:310 hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers 261:310 hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate) 261:359 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 10 18 theme Prolonged 1202:1210 arg1 unit 1315:1318 a single unit 1306:1318 a single unit 1306:1318 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 10 18 theme Prolonged 1202:1210 arg1 release 1212:1218 CONCLUSION Prolonged release 1191:1218 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ 1191:1225 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 4 19 theme % 535:535 arg1 solution 560:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 1 20 theme prolonged-release 119:135 arg1 MT 150:151 MT 150:151 MT 150:151 OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ). 28000299 1 20 theme prolonged-release 119:135 arg1 minitablets 137:147 prolonged-release minitablets 119:147 prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ) 119:177 OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ). 28000299 9 21 theme low 1087:1089 arg1 permeability 1091:1102 low permeability 1087:1102 low permeability to CBZ 1087:1109 Ethylcellulose was unsuitable as coating polymer due to low permeability to CBZ and unsatisfying mechanical resistance of the films modified with hypromellose. 28000299 4 22 with apparatus 510:518 arg1 solution 560:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 4 22 with apparatus 510:518 arg1 water 525:529 water 525:529 water 525:529 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 3 23 dep MT 387:388 arg1 mg 400:401 2.5 mm/3 mg 391:401 2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ 391:408 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) were produced using ethylcellulose or Eudragit RL/RS. 28000299 8 24 theme coating 990:996 arg1 film 998:1001 the coating film 986:1001 the coating film 986:1001 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film allowed to reduce lag time. 28000299 3 25 theme CBZ 406:408 arg1 mg 400:401 2.5 mm/3 mg 391:401 2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ 391:408 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) were produced using ethylcellulose or Eudragit RL/RS. 28000299 8 26 theme pore 970:973 arg1 formers 975:981 pore formers 970:981 pore formers 970:981 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film allowed to reduce lag time. 28000299 7 27 theme CBZ 878:880 arg1 release 867:873 the prolonged release 853:873 the prolonged release of CBZ 853:880 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 2 28 theme hydrophobic 291:301 arg1 polymers 303:310 hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers 261:310 hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate) 261:359 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 3 29 theme Coated 362:367 arg1 MT 387:388 Coated prolonged-release MT 362:388 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) 362:409 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) were produced using ethylcellulose or Eudragit RL/RS. 28000299 1 30 with minitablets 137:147 arg1 CBZ 174:176 CBZ 174:176 CBZ 174:176 OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ). 28000299 1 30 with minitablets 137:147 arg1 carbamazepine 159:171 carbamazepine 159:171 carbamazepine (CBZ) 159:177 OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop prolonged-release minitablets (MT) with carbamazepine (CBZ). 28000299 7 31 theme prolonged 857:865 arg1 release 867:873 the prolonged release 853:873 the prolonged release of CBZ 853:880 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 2 32 dep polymers 303:310 arg1 ethylcellulose 313:326 ethylcellulose 313:326 ethylcellulose 313:326 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 32 dep polymers 303:310 arg1 SR 338:339 Kollidon SR 329:339 Kollidon SR 329:339 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 32 dep polymers 303:310 arg1 behenate 351:358 glyceryl behenate 342:358 glyceryl behenate 342:358 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 7 33 theme Non-swelling 767:778 arg1 cores 783:787 Non-swelling MT cores 767:787 Non-swelling MT cores 767:787 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 10 34 theme new 1358:1360 arg1 form 1369:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form 1323:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children 1323:1405 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 4 35 theme basket 503:508 arg1 apparatus 510:518 a basket apparatus 501:518 a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 501:567 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 7 36 theme MT 780:781 arg1 cores 783:787 Non-swelling MT cores 767:787 Non-swelling MT cores 767:787 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 8 37 theme formers 975:981 arg1 choice 960:965 Careful choice 952:965 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film 952:1001 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film allowed to reduce lag time. 28000299 2 38 theme Kollidon 329:336 arg1 ethylcellulose 313:326 ethylcellulose 313:326 ethylcellulose 313:326 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 38 theme Kollidon 329:336 arg1 SR 338:339 Kollidon SR 329:339 Kollidon SR 329:339 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 4 39 theme dissolution 572:582 arg1 media 584:588 dissolution media 572:588 dissolution media 572:588 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 4 39 theme dissolution 572:582 arg1 tests 477:481 The release tests 465:481 The release tests 465:481 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 0 40 theme preliminary 51:61 arg1 observations 63:74 preliminary observations 51:74 preliminary observations 51:74 Prolonged-release minitablets with carbamazepine - preliminary observations in vitro. 28000299 5 41 theme slow 669:672 arg1 release 674:680 slow release 669:680 slow release of CBZ 669:687 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 9 42 theme mechanical 1128:1137 arg1 resistance 1139:1148 mechanical resistance 1128:1148 mechanical resistance of the films modified with hypromellose 1128:1188 Ethylcellulose was unsuitable as coating polymer due to low permeability to CBZ and unsatisfying mechanical resistance of the films modified with hypromellose. 28000299 7 43 theme film 911:914 arg1 thickness 916:924 the film thickness 907:924 the film thickness 907:924 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 10 44 theme suitable 1385:1392 arg1 form 1369:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form 1323:1372 multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children 1323:1405 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 3 45 theme prolonged-release 369:385 arg1 MT 387:388 Coated prolonged-release MT 362:388 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) 362:409 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) were produced using ethylcellulose or Eudragit RL/RS. 28000299 8 46 theme lag 1021:1023 arg1 time 1025:1028 lag time 1021:1028 lag time 1021:1028 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film allowed to reduce lag time. 28000299 2 47 theme mg 211:212 arg1 CBZ 214:216 5 mg CBZ 209:216 5 mg CBZ 209:216 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 47 theme mg 211:212 arg1 MT 205:206 Matrix-type 3-mm MT 188:206 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) 180:217 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 3 48 theme Eudragit 449:456 arg1 RL/RS 458:462 Eudragit RL/RS 449:462 Eudragit RL/RS 449:462 Coated prolonged-release MT (2.5 mm/3 mg of CBZ) were produced using ethylcellulose or Eudragit RL/RS. 28000299 8 49 from choice 960:965 arg1 film 998:1001 the coating film 986:1001 the coating film 986:1001 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film allowed to reduce lag time. 28000299 8 50 theme Careful 952:958 arg1 choice 960:965 Careful choice 952:965 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film 952:1001 Careful choice of pore formers in the coating film allowed to reduce lag time. 28000299 5 51 theme KEY 591:593 arg1 hypromellose 619:630 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose 591:630 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer 591:655 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 5 52 theme matrix 642:647 arg1 polymer 649:655 a matrix polymer 640:655 a matrix polymer 640:655 KEY FINDINGS High-viscosity hypromellose used as a matrix polymer resulted in slow release of CBZ (80% released during 12 h). 28000299 9 53 theme films 1157:1161 arg1 resistance 1139:1148 mechanical resistance 1128:1148 mechanical resistance of the films modified with hypromellose 1128:1188 Ethylcellulose was unsuitable as coating polymer due to low permeability to CBZ and unsatisfying mechanical resistance of the films modified with hypromellose. 28000299 2 54 theme direct 236:241 arg1 compression 243:253 direct compression 236:253 direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate) 236:359 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 7 55 dep resulted 841:848 arg1 % 885:885 80% 883:885 80%/14 h 883:890 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 10 56 theme coated 1266:1271 arg1 development 1285:1295 coated MT. Further development 1266:1295 coated MT. Further development of MT 1266:1301 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 4 57 theme sulphate 551:558 arg1 solution 560:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 7 58 theme Eudragit 930:937 arg1 composition 939:949 Eudragit composition 930:949 Eudragit composition 930:949 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 28000299 10 59 theme Further 1277:1283 arg1 development 1285:1295 coated MT. Further development 1266:1295 coated MT. Further development of MT 1266:1301 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 10 60 theme CBZ 1223:1225 arg1 unit 1315:1318 a single unit 1306:1318 a single unit 1306:1318 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 10 60 theme CBZ 1223:1225 arg1 release 1212:1218 CONCLUSION Prolonged release 1191:1218 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ 1191:1225 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 4 61 theme lauryl 544:549 arg1 solution 560:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 2 62 theme Matrix-type 188:198 arg1 CBZ 214:216 5 mg CBZ 209:216 5 mg CBZ 209:216 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 62 theme Matrix-type 188:198 arg1 MT 205:206 Matrix-type 3-mm MT 188:206 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) 180:217 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 10 63 theme MT. 1273:1275 arg1 development 1285:1295 coated MT. Further development 1266:1295 coated MT. Further development of MT 1266:1301 CONCLUSION Prolonged release of CBZ was obtained from both matrix-type and coated MT. Further development of MT as a single unit or multicompartment prolonged-release new dosage form especially suitable for children has been justified. 28000299 2 64 theme glyceryl 342:349 arg1 ethylcellulose 313:326 ethylcellulose 313:326 ethylcellulose 313:326 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 2 64 theme glyceryl 342:349 arg1 behenate 351:358 glyceryl behenate 342:358 glyceryl behenate 342:358 METHODS Matrix-type 3-mm MT (5 mg CBZ) were prepared by direct compression using hydrophilic (hypromellose) or hydrophobic polymers (ethylcellulose, Kollidon SR, glyceryl behenate). 28000299 4 65 theme sodium 537:542 arg1 solution 560:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution 534:567 The release tests were performed in a basket apparatus with water or 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution as dissolution media. 28000299 7 66 theme h 890:890 arg1 % 885:885 80% 883:885 80%/14 h 883:890 Non-swelling MT cores were successfully coated with Eudragit RL/RS, which resulted in the prolonged release of CBZ (80%/14 h), depending on the film thickness and Eudragit composition. 25918141 9 0 theme variable 1709:1716 arg1 region 1727:1732 a variable extended region 1707:1732 a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1707:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 7 1 theme responsible 1223:1233 arg1 determinants 1210:1221 Genetic determinants 1202:1221 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 1202:1278 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 2 theme Genetic 1202:1208 arg1 determinants 1210:1221 Genetic determinants 1202:1221 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 1202:1278 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 3 3 theme resistance 594:603 arg1 determinants 605:616 resistance determinants 594:616 resistance determinants 594:616 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 4 4 from resistance 733:742 arg1 faecalis 750:757 E. faecalis 747:757 E. faecalis 747:757 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 10 5 dep E. 1838:1839 arg1 faecalis 1841:1848 faecalis 1841:1848 faecalis 1841:1848 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 4 6 theme acquired 713:720 arg1 resistance 733:742 intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance 699:742 intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis 699:757 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 5 7 theme mutants 913:919 arg1 library 886:892 a library 884:892 a library of transposon (Tn) mutants 884:919 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 9 8 theme polysaccharide 1754:1767 arg1 epa 1778:1780 epa 1778:1780 epa 1778:1780 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 8 theme polysaccharide 1754:1767 arg1 antigen 1769:1775 enterococcal polysaccharide antigen 1741:1775 the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1737:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 3 9 theme gene 633:636 arg1 transfer 638:645 horizontal gene transfer 622:645 horizontal gene transfer 622:645 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 0 10 theme conjugative 136:146 arg1 transfer 148:155 conjugative transfer 136:155 conjugative transfer 136:155 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 2 11 theme microorganisms 327:340 arg1 ability 316:322 the ability 312:322 the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics 312:473 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 2 11 theme microorganisms 327:340 arg1 factor 302:307 A compounding factor 288:307 A compounding factor 288:307 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 5 12 theme transposon 897:906 arg1 mutants 913:919 transposon (Tn) mutants 897:919 transposon (Tn) mutants 897:919 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 4 13 theme intrinsic 699:707 arg1 resistance 733:742 intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance 699:742 intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis 699:757 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 10 14 theme growth 1872:1877 arg1 conditions 1879:1888 diverse growth conditions 1864:1888 diverse growth conditions 1864:1888 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 5 15 theme Tn 909:910 arg1 mutants 913:919 transposon (Tn) mutants 897:919 transposon (Tn) mutants 897:919 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 4 16 theme clinical 766:773 arg1 isolates 775:782 clinical isolates 766:782 clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics 766:828 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 10 17 from importance 1816:1825 arg1 adaptation 1850:1859 E. faecalis adaptation 1838:1859 E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions 1838:1888 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 6 18 theme Tn 1005:1006 arg1 mutants 1008:1014 Five Tn mutants 1000:1014 Five Tn mutants 1000:1014 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 8 19 theme cell 1529:1532 arg1 integrity 1543:1551 cell envelope integrity 1529:1551 cell envelope integrity 1529:1551 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 2 20 dep biofilms 350:357 arg1 communities 360:370 communities 360:370 communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix 360:424 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 2 21 theme compounding 290:300 arg1 ability 316:322 the ability 312:322 the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics 312:473 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 2 21 theme compounding 290:300 arg1 factor 302:307 A compounding factor 288:307 A compounding factor 288:307 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 8 22 theme integrity 1543:1551 arg1 transfer 1627:1634 conjugative transfer 1615:1634 conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1615:1675 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 22 theme integrity 1543:1551 arg1 maintenance 1514:1524 maintenance 1514:1524 maintenance of cell envelope integrity 1514:1551 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 22 theme integrity 1543:1551 arg1 determination 1554:1566 determination 1554:1566 determination of cell shape 1554:1580 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 22 theme integrity 1543:1551 arg1 resistance 1474:1483 E. faecalis resistance 1462:1483 E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts 1462:1511 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 22 theme integrity 1543:1551 arg1 composition 1598:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 0 23 theme antibiotic 84:93 arg1 resistance 95:104 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 65:104 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 65:104 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 6 24 theme decreased 1085:1093 arg1 biomass 1103:1109 decreased biofilm biomass 1085:1109 decreased biofilm biomass 1085:1109 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 1 25 theme bacteria 195:202 arg1 availability 220:231 the limited availability 208:231 the limited availability of new antibiotics 208:250 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 1 25 theme bacteria 195:202 arg1 increasing 259:268 increasing 259:268 increasing clinical concern 259:285 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 1 25 theme bacteria 195:202 arg1 emergence 162:170 The emergence 158:170 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria 158:202 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 8 26 theme cell 1571:1574 arg1 shape 1576:1580 cell shape 1571:1580 cell shape 1571:1580 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 4 27 theme multiple 809:816 arg1 antibiotics 818:828 multiple antibiotics 809:828 multiple antibiotics 809:828 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 0 28 theme envelope 112:119 arg1 integrity 121:129 cell envelope integrity 107:129 cell envelope integrity 107:129 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 3 29 theme Enterococcus 476:487 arg1 faecalis 489:496 Enterococcus faecalis 476:496 Enterococcus faecalis 476:496 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 3 29 theme Enterococcus 476:487 arg1 pathogen 518:525 an opportunistic pathogen 501:525 an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer 501:645 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 gelE 1345:1348 gelE 1345:1348 gelE 1345:1348 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 fsrA 1329:1332 fsrA 1329:1332 fsrA 1329:1332 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 components 1288:1297 components 1288:1297 components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) 1288:1349 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 genes 1385:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes 1355:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX) 1355:1406 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 fsrC 1335:1338 fsrC 1335:1338 fsrC 1335:1338 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 30 theme system 1321:1326 arg1 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 0 31 theme Multiple 0:7 arg1 roles 9:13 Multiple roles 0:13 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis 0:39 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 8 32 dep E. 1462:1463 arg1 faecalis 1465:1472 faecalis 1465:1472 faecalis 1465:1472 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 5 33 dep E. 933:934 arg1 faecalis 936:943 faecalis 936:943 faecalis 936:943 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 3 34 theme opportunistic 504:516 arg1 faecalis 489:496 Enterococcus faecalis 476:496 Enterococcus faecalis 476:496 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 3 34 theme opportunistic 504:516 arg1 pathogen 518:525 an opportunistic pathogen 501:525 an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer 501:645 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 9 35 located located 1696:1702 arg1 region 1727:1732 a variable extended region 1707:1732 a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1707:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 35 located located 1696:1702 arg2 located 1696:1702 located 1696:1702 located 1696:1702 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 35 located located 1696:1702 arg2 gene 1688:1691 The epaOX gene 1678:1691 The epaOX gene 1678:1691 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 8 36 theme E. 1462:1463 arg1 resistance 1474:1483 E. faecalis resistance 1462:1483 E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts 1462:1511 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 2 37 theme cells 375:379 arg1 communities 360:370 communities 360:370 communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix 360:424 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 5 38 theme genetic 863:869 arg1 screen 871:876 a genetic screen 861:876 a genetic screen 861:876 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 8 39 theme plasmid 1663:1669 arg1 pCF10 1671:1675 the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1639:1675 the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1639:1675 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 4 40 theme intense 657:663 arg1 interest 665:672 intense interest 657:672 intense interest 657:672 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 8 41 theme bile 1502:1505 arg1 salts 1507:1511 bile salts 1502:1511 bile salts 1502:1511 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 2 42 theme protective 394:403 arg1 matrix 419:424 a protective extracellular matrix 392:424 a protective extracellular matrix 392:424 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 1 43 theme clinical 270:277 arg1 concern 279:285 clinical concern 270:285 clinical concern 270:285 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 6 44 theme parent 1187:1192 arg1 strain 1194:1199 the parent strain 1183:1199 the parent strain 1183:1199 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 10 45 theme new 1902:1904 arg1 targets 1906:1912 new targets 1902:1912 new targets for antimicrobial design 1902:1937 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 9 46 theme extended 1718:1725 arg1 region 1727:1732 a variable extended region 1707:1732 a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1707:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 10 47 theme GTFs 1830:1833 arg1 importance 1816:1825 the importance 1812:1825 the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions 1812:1888 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 5 48 theme biofilm-associated 945:962 arg1 determinants 986:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 7 49 theme biofilm-associated 1239:1256 arg1 resistance 1269:1278 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 1239:1278 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 1239:1278 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 9 50 theme enterococcal 1741:1752 arg1 epa 1778:1780 epa 1778:1780 epa 1778:1780 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 50 theme enterococcal 1741:1752 arg1 antigen 1769:1775 enterococcal polysaccharide antigen 1741:1775 the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1737:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 3 51 theme horizontal 622:631 arg1 transfer 638:645 horizontal gene transfer 622:645 horizontal gene transfer 622:645 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 1 52 theme limited 212:218 arg1 availability 220:231 the limited availability 208:231 the limited availability of new antibiotics 208:250 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 1 52 theme limited 212:218 arg1 increasing 259:268 increasing 259:268 increasing clinical concern 259:285 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 9 53 theme antigen 1769:1775 arg1 locus 1783:1787 the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1737:1787 the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1737:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 4 54 theme antibiotic 722:731 arg1 resistance 733:742 intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance 699:742 intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis 699:757 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 10 55 theme E. 1838:1839 arg1 adaptation 1850:1859 E. faecalis adaptation 1838:1859 E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions 1838:1888 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 5 56 theme antibiotic 964:973 arg1 determinants 986:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 4 57 theme genetic 681:687 arg1 basis 689:693 the genetic basis 677:693 the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis 677:757 There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. 25918141 1 58 theme antibiotics 240:250 arg1 availability 220:231 the limited availability 208:231 the limited availability of new antibiotics 208:250 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 1 58 theme antibiotics 240:250 arg1 increasing 259:268 increasing 259:268 increasing clinical concern 259:285 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 1 58 theme antibiotics 240:250 arg1 emergence 162:170 The emergence 158:170 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria 158:202 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 9 59 from region 1727:1732 arg1 located 1696:1702 located 1696:1702 located 1696:1702 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 59 from region 1727:1732 arg1 gene 1688:1691 The epaOX gene 1678:1691 The epaOX gene 1678:1691 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 60 theme locus 1783:1787 arg1 region 1727:1732 a variable extended region 1707:1732 a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1707:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 10 61 theme diverse 1864:1870 arg1 conditions 1879:1888 diverse growth conditions 1864:1888 diverse growth conditions 1864:1888 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 5 62 theme resistance 975:984 arg1 determinants 986:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 3 63 contain has 564:566 arg2 propensity 572:581 the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer 568:645 the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer 568:645 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 3 63 contain has 564:566 arg1 faecalis 489:496 Enterococcus faecalis 476:496 Enterococcus faecalis 476:496 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 3 63 contain has 564:566 arg1 pathogen 518:525 an opportunistic pathogen 501:525 an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer 501:645 Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. 25918141 8 64 theme envelope 1534:1541 arg1 integrity 1543:1551 cell envelope integrity 1529:1551 cell envelope integrity 1529:1551 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 5 65 theme E. 933:934 arg1 determinants 986:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants 933:997 We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. 25918141 6 66 theme biofilm 1095:1101 arg1 biomass 1103:1109 decreased biofilm biomass 1085:1109 decreased biofilm biomass 1085:1109 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 0 67 theme cell 107:110 arg1 integrity 121:129 cell envelope integrity 107:129 cell envelope integrity 107:129 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 1 68 theme multidrug-resistant 175:193 arg1 bacteria 195:202 multidrug-resistant bacteria 175:202 multidrug-resistant bacteria 175:202 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 8 69 theme shape 1576:1580 arg1 transfer 1627:1634 conjugative transfer 1615:1634 conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1615:1675 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 69 theme shape 1576:1580 arg1 maintenance 1514:1524 maintenance 1514:1524 maintenance of cell envelope integrity 1514:1551 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 69 theme shape 1576:1580 arg1 determination 1554:1566 determination 1554:1566 determination of cell shape 1554:1580 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 69 theme shape 1576:1580 arg1 resistance 1474:1483 E. faecalis resistance 1462:1483 E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts 1462:1511 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 69 theme shape 1576:1580 arg1 composition 1598:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 7 70 dep components 1288:1297 arg1 fsrC 1335:1338 fsrC 1335:1338 fsrC 1335:1338 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 70 dep components 1288:1297 arg1 gelE 1345:1348 gelE 1345:1348 gelE 1345:1348 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 70 dep components 1288:1297 arg1 fsrA 1329:1332 fsrA 1329:1332 fsrA 1329:1332 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 70 dep components 1288:1297 arg1 components 1288:1297 components 1288:1297 components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) 1288:1349 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 6 71 theme antibiotics 1060:1070 arg1 absence 1049:1055 the absence 1045:1055 the absence of antibiotics 1045:1070 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 8 72 theme polysaccharide 1583:1596 arg1 composition 1598:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 7 73 theme quorum-sensing 1306:1319 arg1 system 1321:1326 the quorum-sensing system 1302:1326 the quorum-sensing system 1302:1326 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 1 74 theme new 236:238 arg1 antibiotics 240:250 new antibiotics 236:250 new antibiotics 236:250 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. 25918141 9 75 from located 1696:1702 arg1 region 1727:1732 a variable extended region 1707:1732 a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus 1707:1787 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 8 76 theme conjugative 1615:1625 arg1 transfer 1627:1634 conjugative transfer 1615:1634 conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1615:1675 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 6 77 dep concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 the 1114:1116 the 1114:1116 the 1114:1116 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 6 77 dep concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 presence 1118:1125 presence 1118:1125 presence 1118:1125 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 2 78 theme extracellular 405:417 arg1 matrix 419:424 a protective extracellular matrix 392:424 a protective extracellular matrix 392:424 A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. 25918141 0 79 theme Enterococcus 19:30 arg1 faecalis 32:39 Enterococcus faecalis 19:39 Enterococcus faecalis 19:39 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 6 80 theme antibiotic 1130:1139 arg1 concentrations 1141:1154 antibiotic concentrations 1130:1154 antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain 1130:1199 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 8 81 theme additional 1442:1451 arg1 roles 1453:1457 additional roles 1442:1457 additional roles 1442:1457 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 7 82 theme antibiotic 1258:1267 arg1 resistance 1269:1278 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 1239:1278 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 1239:1278 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 8 83 theme pheromone-inducible 1643:1661 arg1 pCF10 1671:1675 the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1639:1675 the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1639:1675 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 10 84 theme antimicrobial 1918:1930 arg1 design 1932:1937 antimicrobial design 1918:1937 antimicrobial design 1918:1937 These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design. 25918141 0 85 theme biofilm-associated 65:82 arg1 resistance 95:104 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 65:104 biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance 65:104 Multiple roles for Enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer. 25918141 6 86 theme wild-type 1023:1031 arg1 biofilms 1033:1040 wild-type biofilms 1023:1040 wild-type biofilms 1023:1040 Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. 25918141 9 87 theme epaOX 1682:1686 arg1 located 1696:1702 located 1696:1702 located 1696:1702 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 9 87 theme epaOX 1682:1686 arg1 gene 1688:1691 The epaOX gene 1678:1691 The epaOX gene 1678:1691 The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (epa) locus. 25918141 7 88 theme GTF 1380:1382 arg1 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 88 theme GTF 1380:1382 arg1 genes 1385:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes 1355:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX) 1355:1406 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 88 theme GTF 1380:1382 arg1 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 8 89 theme pCF10 1671:1675 arg1 transfer 1627:1634 conjugative transfer 1615:1634 conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 1615:1675 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 89 theme pCF10 1671:1675 arg1 maintenance 1514:1524 maintenance 1514:1524 maintenance of cell envelope integrity 1514:1551 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 89 theme pCF10 1671:1675 arg1 determination 1554:1566 determination 1554:1566 determination of cell shape 1554:1580 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 89 theme pCF10 1671:1675 arg1 resistance 1474:1483 E. faecalis resistance 1462:1483 E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts 1462:1511 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 8 89 theme pCF10 1671:1675 arg1 composition 1598:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 polysaccharide composition 1583:1608 We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. 25918141 7 90 dep genes 1385:1389 arg1 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 90 dep genes 1385:1389 arg1 genes 1385:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes 1355:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX) 1355:1406 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 90 dep genes 1385:1389 arg1 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 91 theme glycosyltransferase 1359:1377 arg1 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 epaI 1392:1395 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 91 theme glycosyltransferase 1359:1377 arg1 genes 1385:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes 1355:1389 two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX) 1355:1406 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 25918141 7 91 theme glycosyltransferase 1359:1377 arg1 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 epaOX 1401:1405 Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system (fsrA, fsrC, and gelE) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes (epaI and epaOX). 26015293 4 0 theme lipid 784:788 arg1 bilayers 790:797 lipid bilayers 784:797 lipid bilayers 784:797 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 3 1 theme post-formation 560:573 arg1 processing 575:584 controlled post-formation processing 549:584 controlled post-formation processing 549:584 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 5 2 theme 2-D 1072:1074 arg1 patterns 1082:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns 1061:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns of domains 1061:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 6 3 theme membrane 1208:1215 arg1 composition 1217:1227 membrane composition 1208:1227 membrane composition 1208:1227 Significantly, this technique can be used to repeatedly modify membranes allowing iterative control over membrane composition. 26015293 1 4 theme array 302:306 arg1 technologies 308:319 array technologies 302:319 array technologies 302:319 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 26015293 0 5 theme geometric 128:136 arg1 patterns 153:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 3 6 theme supported 614:622 arg1 arrangements 638:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 2 7 theme lipid 344:348 arg1 bilayers 350:357 lipid bilayers 344:357 lipid bilayers 344:357 The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. 26015293 1 8 theme technologies 308:319 arg1 development 276:286 development 276:286 development of sensor and array technologies 276:319 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 26015293 0 9 theme two-dimensional 112:126 arg1 patterns 153:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 4 10 theme desired 853:859 arg1 components 870:879 desired membrane components 853:879 desired membrane components 853:879 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 3 11 theme lipid 624:628 arg1 arrangements 638:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 5 12 theme membrane 1040:1047 arg1 domains 1049:1055 hierarchically-organized membrane domains 1015:1055 hierarchically-organized membrane domains 1015:1055 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 5 12 theme membrane 1040:1047 arg1 domains 1094:1100 domains 1094:1100 domains 1094:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 0 13 theme array 147:151 arg1 patterns 153:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 2 14 theme current 459:465 arg1 technologies 484:495 current state-of-the-art technologies 459:495 current state-of-the-art technologies 459:495 The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. 26015293 6 15 theme iterative 1185:1193 arg1 control 1195:1201 iterative control 1185:1201 iterative control 1185:1201 Significantly, this technique can be used to repeatedly modify membranes allowing iterative control over membrane composition. 26015293 0 16 theme membrane 138:145 arg1 patterns 153:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns 112:160 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 7 17 theme membrane 1279:1286 arg1 design 1288:1293 functional membrane design 1268:1293 functional membrane design 1268:1293 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 4 18 theme lipopolysaccharide 719:736 arg1 effect 709:714 the destabilization effect 689:714 the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule 689:764 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 3 19 theme complex 606:612 arg1 arrangements 638:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 1 20 theme model 213:217 arg1 membranes 219:227 model membranes 213:227 model membranes 213:227 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 26015293 0 21 theme lipopolysaccharide-induced 11:36 arg1 deformation 38:48 lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation 11:48 lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers 11:66 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 5 22 theme lithography 967:977 arg1 process 979:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 3 23 theme arrangements 638:649 arg1 processing 575:584 controlled post-formation processing 549:584 controlled post-formation processing 549:584 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 3 23 theme arrangements 638:649 arg1 modification 590:601 modification 590:601 modification 590:601 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 6 24 used used 1140:1143 arg2 technique 1123:1131 this technique 1118:1131 this technique 1118:1131 Significantly, this technique can be used to repeatedly modify membranes allowing iterative control over membrane composition. 26015293 3 25 dep processing 575:584 arg1 the 545:547 the 545:547 the 545:547 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 3 26 theme bilayer 630:636 arg1 arrangements 638:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements 606:649 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 2 27 theme state-of-the-art 467:482 arg1 technologies 484:495 current state-of-the-art technologies 459:495 current state-of-the-art technologies 459:495 The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. 26015293 5 28 with combination 923:933 arg1 process 979:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 2 29 dep in 385:386 arg1 situ 388:391 situ 388:391 situ 388:391 The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. 26015293 1 30 theme biophysical 247:257 arg1 processes 259:267 biophysical processes 247:267 biophysical processes 247:267 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 26015293 0 31 theme bilayers 59:66 arg1 deformation 38:48 lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation 11:48 lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers 11:66 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 5 32 theme array 1076:1080 arg1 patterns 1082:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns 1061:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns of domains 1061:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 5 33 theme single 942:947 arg1 process 979:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 0 34 theme lipid 53:57 arg1 bilayers 59:66 lipid bilayers 53:66 lipid bilayers 53:66 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 5 35 theme soft 962:965 arg1 process 979:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 a single, traditional soft lithography process 940:985 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 7 36 theme enhanced 1328:1335 arg1 templating 1347:1356 enhanced materials templating 1328:1356 enhanced materials templating 1328:1356 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 7 37 theme materials 1337:1345 arg1 templating 1347:1356 enhanced materials templating 1328:1356 enhanced materials templating 1328:1356 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 3 38 theme aqueous 658:664 arg1 conditions 666:675 aqueous conditions 658:675 aqueous conditions 658:675 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 7 39 theme functional 1268:1277 arg1 design 1288:1293 functional membrane design 1268:1293 functional membrane design 1268:1293 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 2 40 dep ability 326:332 arg1 modify 337:342 modify 337:342 to modify lipid bilayers after their formation 334:379 The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. 26015293 3 41 theme controlled 549:558 arg1 processing 575:584 controlled post-formation processing 549:584 controlled post-formation processing 549:584 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 5 42 dep single 942:947 arg1 traditional 950:960 traditional 950:960 traditional 950:960 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 1 43 theme Supported 163:171 arg1 bilayers 179:186 Supported lipid bilayers 163:186 Supported lipid bilayers 163:186 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 26015293 5 44 theme microscale 1061:1070 arg1 patterns 1082:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns 1061:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns of domains 1061:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 5 45 theme domains 1094:1100 arg1 patterns 1082:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns 1061:1089 microscale 2-D array patterns of domains 1061:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 5 45 theme domains 1094:1100 arg1 domains 1049:1055 hierarchically-organized membrane domains 1015:1055 hierarchically-organized membrane domains 1015:1055 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 5 45 theme domains 1094:1100 arg1 domains 1094:1100 domains 1094:1100 domains 1094:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 4 46 theme membrane 861:868 arg1 components 870:879 desired membrane components 853:879 desired membrane components 853:879 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 1 47 theme lipid 173:177 arg1 bilayers 179:186 Supported lipid bilayers 163:186 Supported lipid bilayers 163:186 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 26015293 5 48 theme hierarchically-organized 1015:1038 arg1 domains 1049:1055 hierarchically-organized membrane domains 1015:1055 hierarchically-organized membrane domains 1015:1055 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 5 48 theme hierarchically-organized 1015:1038 arg1 domains 1094:1100 domains 1094:1100 domains 1094:1100 We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. 26015293 7 49 with expands 1244:1250 arg1 applications 1311:1322 potential applications 1301:1322 potential applications for enhanced materials templating 1301:1356 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 3 50 theme novel 520:524 arg1 method 526:531 a novel method 518:531 a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions 518:675 Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. 26015293 2 51 theme membrane 415:422 arg1 technologies 424:435 membrane technologies 415:435 membrane technologies 415:435 The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. 26015293 4 52 theme amphiphilic 742:752 arg1 biomolecule 754:764 an amphiphilic biomolecule 739:764 an amphiphilic biomolecule 739:764 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 4 52 theme amphiphilic 742:752 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 719:736 lipopolysaccharide 719:736 lipopolysaccharide 719:736 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 0 53 theme membrane 78:85 arg1 composition 87:97 membrane composition 78:97 membrane composition 78:97 Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. 26015293 4 54 theme destabilization 693:707 arg1 effect 709:714 the destabilization effect 689:714 the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule 689:764 We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. 26015293 7 55 theme potential 1301:1309 arg1 applications 1311:1322 potential applications 1301:1322 potential applications for enhanced materials templating 1301:1356 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 7 56 theme lipid-membrane 1388:1401 arg1 processes 1403:1411 lipid-membrane processes 1388:1411 lipid-membrane processes 1388:1411 This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes. 26015293 1 57 theme sensor 291:296 arg1 development 276:286 development 276:286 development of sensor and array technologies 276:319 Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. 27266249 6 0 theme bioconversion 1059:1071 arg1 pretreatment 971:982 pretreatment 971:982 pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community 971:1109 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 3 1 theme office 480:485 arg1 paper 487:491 office paper 480:491 office paper 480:491 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 3 2 theme T. 365:366 arg1 viride 368:373 T. viride 365:373 T. viride 365:373 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 3 3 dep times 383:387 arg1 higher 389:394 higher 389:394 higher 389:394 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 4 4 theme anaerobic 746:754 arg1 communities 766:776 anaerobic microbial communities 746:776 anaerobic microbial communities 746:776 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 6 5 theme phytomass 1011:1019 arg1 pretreatment 971:982 pretreatment 971:982 pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community 971:1109 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 3 6 theme viride 368:373 arg1 times 383:387 times 383:387 times 383:387 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 3 6 theme viride 368:373 arg1 activity 353:360 The cellulolytic activity 336:360 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride 336:373 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 5 7 from materials 891:899 arg1 efficiency 838:847 the efficiency 834:847 the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials 834:899 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 5 7 from materials 891:899 arg1 production 859:868 biogas production 852:868 biogas production from lignocellulosic materials 852:899 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 4 8 theme fungus 673:678 arg1 treatment 688:696 the fungus biomass treatment 669:696 the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities 669:776 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 5 9 theme bovine 943:948 arg1 manure 957:962 bovine animal manure 943:962 bovine animal manure 943:962 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 4 10 theme treatment 688:696 arg1 conditions 558:567 The micromycete cultivation conditions 530:567 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) 530:645 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 10 theme treatment 688:696 arg1 conditions 655:664 the conditions 651:664 the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities 651:776 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 5 11 theme manure 957:962 arg1 community 930:938 microbial community 920:938 microbial community of bovine animal manure 920:962 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 5 12 theme production 859:868 arg1 efficiency 838:847 the efficiency 834:847 the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials 834:899 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 1 13 dep micromycetes 122:133 arg1 viride 147:152 Trichoderma viride 135:152 Trichoderma viride 135:152 The ability of micromycetes Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus terreus to decompose the cellulose-containing substrates was studied. 27266249 1 13 dep micromycetes 122:133 arg1 terreus 170:176 Aspergillus terreus 158:176 Aspergillus terreus 158:176 The ability of micromycetes Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus terreus to decompose the cellulose-containing substrates was studied. 27266249 5 14 theme biogas 852:857 arg1 production 859:868 biogas production 852:868 biogas production from lignocellulosic materials 852:899 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 6 15 theme artichoke 1001:1009 arg1 phytomass 1011:1019 the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass 987:1019 the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) 987:1038 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 4 16 theme microbial 756:764 arg1 communities 766:776 anaerobic microbial communities 746:776 anaerobic microbial communities 746:776 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 1 17 theme cellulose-containing 195:214 arg1 substrates 216:225 the cellulose-containing substrates 191:225 the cellulose-containing substrates 191:225 The ability of micromycetes Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus terreus to decompose the cellulose-containing substrates was studied. 27266249 5 18 theme animal 950:955 arg1 manure 957:962 bovine animal manure 943:962 bovine animal manure 943:962 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 6 19 theme Jerusalem 991:999 arg1 phytomass 1011:1019 the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass 987:1019 the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) 987:1038 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 4 20 theme subsequent 706:715 arg1 bioconversion 717:729 its subsequent bioconversion 702:729 its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities 702:776 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 5 21 theme lignocellulosic 875:889 arg1 materials 891:899 lignocellulosic materials 875:899 lignocellulosic materials 875:899 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 0 22 theme Substrates 40:49 arg1 [Biodegradation 0:14 [Biodegradation 0:14 [Biodegradation of Cellulose-Containing Substrates by Micromycetes 0:65 [Biodegradation of Cellulose-Containing Substrates by Micromycetes Followed by Bioconversion into Biogas]. 27266249 6 23 theme methanogenic 1088:1099 arg1 community 1101:1109 methanogenic community 1088:1109 methanogenic community 1088:1109 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 3 24 theme 2-3 379:381 arg1 times 383:387 times 383:387 times 383:387 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 3 24 theme 2-3 379:381 arg1 activity 353:360 The cellulolytic activity 336:360 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride 336:373 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 4 25 theme cultivation 546:556 arg1 conditions 558:567 The micromycete cultivation conditions 530:567 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) 530:645 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 3 26 theme paper 501:505 arg1 mixture 507:513 the paper mixture 497:513 the paper mixture 497:513 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 4 27 theme cosubstrate 609:619 arg1 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 composition of culture medium 570:598 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 27 theme cosubstrate 609:619 arg1 addition 621:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 28 theme micromycete 534:544 arg1 conditions 558:567 The micromycete cultivation conditions 530:567 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) 530:645 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 6 29 theme subsequent 1048:1057 arg1 bioconversion 1059:1071 its subsequent bioconversion 1044:1071 its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community 1044:1109 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 4 30 theme seeding 631:637 arg1 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 composition of culture medium 570:598 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 30 theme seeding 631:637 arg1 method 639:644 seeding method 631:644 seeding method 631:644 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 5 31 from efficiency 838:847 arg1 materials 891:899 lignocellulosic materials 875:899 lignocellulosic materials 875:899 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 4 32 dep conditions 558:567 arg1 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 composition of culture medium 570:598 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 32 dep conditions 558:567 arg1 addition 621:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 32 dep conditions 558:567 arg1 method 639:644 seeding method 631:644 seeding method 631:644 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 1 33 theme micromycetes 122:133 arg1 ability 111:117 The ability 107:117 The ability of micromycetes Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus terreus to decompose the cellulose-containing substrates 107:225 The ability of micromycetes Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus terreus to decompose the cellulose-containing substrates was studied. 27266249 4 34 theme biomass 680:686 arg1 treatment 688:696 the fungus biomass treatment 669:696 the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities 669:776 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 2 35 theme paper 281:285 arg1 mixture 287:293 a paper mixture 279:293 a paper mixture 279:293 Office paper and cardboard, as well as a paper mixture, were found to be the most hydrolyzable. 27266249 2 35 theme paper 281:285 arg1 Office 240:245 Office 240:245 Office 240:245 Office paper and cardboard, as well as a paper mixture, were found to be the most hydrolyzable. 27266249 2 35 theme paper 281:285 arg1 hydrolyzable 322:333 hydrolyzable 322:333 hydrolyzable 322:333 Office paper and cardboard, as well as a paper mixture, were found to be the most hydrolyzable. 27266249 2 35 theme paper 281:285 arg1 cardboard 257:265 cardboard 257:265 cardboard 257:265 Office paper and cardboard, as well as a paper mixture, were found to be the most hydrolyzable. 27266249 4 36 theme medium 593:598 arg1 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 composition of culture medium 570:598 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 36 theme medium 593:598 arg1 addition 621:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 36 theme medium 593:598 arg1 method 639:644 seeding method 631:644 seeding method 631:644 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 5 37 theme microbial 920:928 arg1 community 930:938 microbial community 920:938 microbial community of bovine animal manure 920:962 It was shown that pretreatment improves the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials under seeding with microbial community of bovine animal manure. 27266249 3 38 theme U/mLwere 457:464 arg1 values 433:438 the highest values 421:438 the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere 421:464 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 4 39 theme culture 585:591 arg1 medium 593:598 culture medium 585:598 culture medium 585:598 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 3 40 theme highest 425:431 arg1 values 433:438 the highest values 421:438 the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere 421:464 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 4 41 theme sucrose 601:607 arg1 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 composition of culture medium 570:598 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 4 41 theme sucrose 601:607 arg1 addition 621:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 sucrose cosubstrate addition 601:628 The micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucrose cosubstrate addition, seeding method) and the conditions of the fungus biomass treatment for its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by anaerobic microbial communities were optimized. 27266249 3 42 theme cellulolytic 340:351 arg1 times 383:387 times 383:387 times 383:387 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 3 42 theme cellulolytic 340:351 arg1 activity 353:360 The cellulolytic activity 336:360 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride 336:373 The cellulolytic activity of T. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of A. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 U/mLwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. 27266249 6 43 dep phytomass 1011:1019 arg1 leaves 1032:1037 leaves 1032:1037 leaves 1032:1037 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 6 43 dep phytomass 1011:1019 arg1 stems 1022:1026 stems 1022:1026 stems 1022:1026 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 0 44 theme Cellulose-Containing 19:38 arg1 Substrates 40:49 Cellulose-Containing Substrates 19:49 Cellulose-Containing Substrates 19:49 [Biodegradation of Cellulose-Containing Substrates by Micromycetes Followed by Bioconversion into Biogas]. 27266249 6 45 theme biogas 1116:1121 arg1 yield 1123:1127 the biogas yield 1112:1127 the biogas yield 1112:1127 After pretreatment of the Jerusalem artichoke phytomass (stems and leaves) and its subsequent bioconversion into biogas by methanogenic community, the biogas yield was increased by 1.5 times. 27266249 2 46 dep Office 240:245 arg1 paper 247:251 paper 247:251 paper 247:251 Office paper and cardboard, as well as a paper mixture, were found to be the most hydrolyzable. 25572636 12 0 theme tie-fibre 1421:1429 arg1 size 1431:1434 tie-fibre size 1421:1434 tie-fibre size 1421:1434 In sections approaching the meniscus, there was an increase in tie-fibre size and density. 25572636 21 1 theme meniscus 2698:2705 arg1 surface 2683:2689 the anterior femoral surface 2662:2689 the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus 2662:2705 These blood vessels then arborized to cover the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus. 25572636 19 2 theme consistent 2504:2513 arg1 body 2499:2502 the meniscal body 2486:2502 the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2486:2556 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 14 3 theme outer 1715:1719 arg1 portion 1721:1727 the outer portion 1711:1727 the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue 1711:1827 The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue. 25572636 4 4 theme meniscus 552:559 arg1 body 540:543 the body 536:543 the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 536:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 22 5 theme transition 2750:2759 arg1 This 2708:2711 This 2708:2711 This 2708:2711 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 22 5 theme transition 2750:2759 arg1 study 2726:2730 the first study 2716:2730 the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci 2716:2848 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 13 6 theme large 1582:1586 arg1 bundles 1598:1604 large tie-fibre bundles 1582:1604 large tie-fibre bundles 1582:1604 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 13 7 from transition 1636:1645 arg1 apparent 1611:1618 apparent 1611:1618 apparent 1611:1618 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 18 8 theme longitudinal 2396:2407 arg1 sections 2409:2416 longitudinal sections 2396:2416 longitudinal sections 2396:2416 OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. 25572636 13 9 theme meniscal 1560:1567 arg1 roots 1569:1573 the meniscal roots 1556:1573 the meniscal roots 1556:1573 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 20 10 theme Blood 2559:2563 arg1 vessels 2565:2571 Blood vessels 2559:2571 Blood vessels 2559:2571 Blood vessels were prevalent on the periphery of the root. 25572636 15 11 theme femoral 1877:1883 arg1 side 1885:1888 the femoral side 1873:1888 the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1873:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 2 12 theme hoop 273:276 arg1 stress 278:283 hoop stress 273:283 hoop stress 273:283 These strong attachments anchor the menisci and allow for the generation of hoop stress in the tissue. 25572636 1 13 theme tibial 181:186 arg1 plateau 188:194 tibial plateau 181:194 tibial plateau 181:194 The meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. 25572636 23 14 theme meniscal 2915:2922 arg1 mechanism 2937:2945 the meniscal load-bearing mechanism 2911:2945 the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee 2911:2957 These new structural details are important to understanding the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee. 25572636 4 15 theme insertional 604:614 arg1 roots 616:620 the insertional roots 600:620 the insertional roots 600:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 16 16 theme wedge 2121:2125 arg1 shape 2127:2131 the meniscus wedge shape 2108:2131 the meniscus wedge shape 2108:2131 This thickening changes the shape of the root to more closely resemble the meniscus wedge shape. 25572636 19 17 theme meniscal 2490:2497 arg1 body 2499:2502 the meniscal body 2486:2502 the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2486:2556 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 13 18 theme outermost 1534:1542 arg1 sections 1544:1551 the outermost sections 1530:1551 the outermost sections of the meniscal roots 1530:1573 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 17 19 theme hoop-like 2260:2268 arg1 structure 2270:2278 the hoop-like structure 2256:2278 the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus 2256:2305 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 21 20 theme blood 2624:2628 arg1 vessels 2630:2636 These blood vessels 2618:2636 These blood vessels then arborized to 2618:2654 These blood vessels then arborized to cover the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus. 25572636 11 21 theme ligament-like 1324:1336 arg1 fascicles 1347:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament-like collagen fascicles. 25572636 15 22 theme inner 1993:1997 arg1 portion 1999:2005 the inferior inner portion 1980:2005 the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1980:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 19 23 theme bovine 2543:2548 arg1 menisci 2550:2556 the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2520:2556 the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2520:2556 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 1 24 theme meniscal 110:117 arg1 roots 119:123 The meniscal roots 106:123 The meniscal roots 106:123 The meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. 25572636 8 25 dep tomography 928:937 arg1 OPT 940:942 OPT 940:942 OPT 940:942 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 15 26 from fibrous 1956:1962 arg1 portion 1999:2005 the inferior inner portion 1980:2005 the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1980:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 13 27 theme epiligamentous 1502:1515 arg1 structure 1517:1525 the epiligamentous structure 1498:1525 the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots 1498:1573 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 17 28 theme peripheral 2287:2296 arg1 meniscus 2298:2305 the peripheral meniscus 2283:2305 the peripheral meniscus 2283:2305 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 11 29 contain contained 1308:1316 arg1 roots 1302:1306 the roots 1298:1306 the roots 1298:1306 Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament-like collagen fascicles. 25572636 11 29 contain contained 1308:1316 arg2 fascicles 1347:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament-like collagen fascicles. 25572636 5 30 theme bovine 718:723 arg1 menisci 725:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 1 31 theme insertional 129:139 arg1 ligaments 141:149 insertional ligaments 129:149 insertional ligaments 129:149 The meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. 25572636 23 32 theme new 2857:2859 arg1 details 2872:2878 These new structural details 2851:2878 These new structural details 2851:2878 These new structural details are important to understanding the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee. 25572636 17 33 theme outer 2201:2205 arg1 portion 2207:2213 the outer portion 2197:2213 the outer portion of the meniscus 2197:2229 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 10 34 theme PG-rich 1234:1240 arg1 region 1242:1247 a PG-rich region 1232:1247 a PG-rich region within the ligaments 1232:1268 Blood vessels were observed to be surrounded by these tie-fibres and a PG-rich region within the ligaments. 25572636 8 35 theme collagen 992:999 arg1 architecture 1001:1012 the three-dimensional collagen architecture 970:1012 the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci 970:1062 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 4 36 theme complete 472:479 arg1 analysis 481:488 a complete analysis 470:488 a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 470:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 21 37 theme femoral 2675:2681 arg1 surface 2683:2689 the anterior femoral surface 2662:2689 the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus 2662:2705 These blood vessels then arborized to cover the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus. 25572636 4 38 theme study 447:451 arg1 purpose 431:437 The purpose 427:437 The purpose of this study 427:451 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 15 39 theme structure 1912:1920 arg1 side 1885:1888 the femoral side 1873:1888 the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1873:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 3 40 theme body 421:424 arg1 structure 395:403 the fibrocartilagenous structure 372:403 the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body 372:424 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 5 41 theme fixed 703:707 arg1 menisci 725:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 8 42 theme root-meniscus 1021:1033 arg1 transition 1035:1044 the root-meniscus transition 1017:1044 the root-meniscus transition 1017:1044 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 22 43 theme structural 2739:2748 arg1 transition 2750:2759 the structural transition 2735:2759 the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci 2735:2848 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 15 44 dep root 1938:1941 arg1 becomes 1943:1949 becomes 1943:1949 becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1943:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 19 45 theme sectioned 2533:2541 arg1 menisci 2550:2556 the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2520:2556 the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2520:2556 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 7 46 theme backlit 882:888 arg1 microscope 897:906 a backlit stereo microscope 880:906 a backlit stereo microscope 880:906 Unstained sections were imaged used a backlit stereo microscope. 25572636 15 47 theme medial 2024:2029 arg1 root 2031:2034 the posterior medial root 2010:2034 the posterior medial root 2010:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 4 48 theme tissue 511:516 arg1 organization 518:529 tissue organization 511:529 tissue organization 511:529 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 13 49 theme meniscus 1627:1634 arg1 transition 1636:1645 the meniscus transition 1623:1645 the meniscus transition 1623:1645 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 17 50 theme continuity 2181:2190 arg1 concept 2165:2171 the concept 2161:2171 the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus 2161:2229 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 6 51 theme staining 824:831 arg1 protocols 833:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 Sections were stained for collagen and proteoglycans (PG) using fast green and safranin-o staining protocols. 25572636 22 52 theme first 2720:2724 arg1 This 2708:2711 This 2708:2711 This 2708:2711 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 22 52 theme first 2720:2724 arg1 study 2726:2730 the first study 2716:2730 the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci 2716:2848 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 3 53 contain have 319:322 arg2 structure 340:348 a ligament-like structure 324:348 a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body 324:424 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 3 53 contain have 319:322 arg1 roots 313:317 The meniscal roots 300:317 The meniscal roots 300:317 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 0 54 theme roots 60:64 arg1 transition 33:42 The structural and compositional transition 0:42 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 0:104 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 25572636 19 55 theme radial 2426:2431 arg1 direction 2433:2441 the radial direction 2422:2441 the radial direction 2422:2441 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 6 56 theme fast 798:801 arg1 protocols 833:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 Sections were stained for collagen and proteoglycans (PG) using fast green and safranin-o staining protocols. 25572636 4 57 theme structure 497:505 arg1 analysis 481:488 a complete analysis 470:488 a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 470:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 8 58 theme projection 917:926 arg1 tomography 928:937 Optical projection tomography 909:937 Optical projection tomography (OPT) 909:943 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 15 59 theme unstained 1833:1841 arg1 sections 1843:1850 unstained sections 1833:1850 unstained sections 1833:1850 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 4 60 theme transition 573:582 arg1 region 584:589 the transition region 569:589 the transition region 569:589 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 22 61 theme insertional 2773:2783 arg1 roots 2796:2800 roots 2796:2800 roots 2796:2800 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 22 61 theme insertional 2773:2783 arg1 ligaments 2785:2793 the insertional ligaments 2769:2793 the insertional ligaments (roots) 2769:2801 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 4 62 from analysis 481:488 arg1 body 540:543 the body 536:543 the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 536:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 9 63 theme meniscal 1148:1155 arg1 body 1157:1160 the bovine meniscal body 1137:1160 the bovine meniscal body 1137:1160 Tie-fibres were observed in the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body. 25572636 20 64 theme root 2612:2615 arg1 periphery 2595:2603 the periphery 2591:2603 the periphery of the root 2591:2615 Blood vessels were prevalent on the periphery of the root. 25572636 5 65 theme Serial 623:628 arg1 sections 630:637 Serial sections 623:637 Serial sections 623:637 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 17 66 theme root 2176:2179 arg1 continuity 2181:2190 root continuity 2176:2190 root continuity 2176:2190 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 12 67 from increase 1409:1416 arg1 size 1431:1434 tie-fibre size 1421:1434 tie-fibre size 1421:1434 In sections approaching the meniscus, there was an increase in tie-fibre size and density. 25572636 12 67 from increase 1409:1416 arg1 density 1440:1446 density 1440:1446 density 1440:1446 In sections approaching the meniscus, there was an increase in tie-fibre size and density. 25572636 13 68 from structure 1517:1525 arg1 sections 1544:1551 the outermost sections 1530:1551 the outermost sections of the meniscal roots 1530:1573 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 13 68 from structure 1517:1525 arg1 ligament 1484:1491 the ligament 1480:1491 the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots 1480:1573 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 9 69 located observed 1081:1088 arg2 Tie-fibres 1065:1074 Tie-fibres 1065:1074 Tie-fibres 1065:1074 Tie-fibres were observed in the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body. 25572636 9 69 located observed 1081:1088 arg1 sections 1097:1104 the sections 1093:1104 the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body 1093:1160 Tie-fibres were observed in the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body. 25572636 13 70 theme tie-fibre 1588:1596 arg1 bundles 1598:1604 large tie-fibre bundles 1582:1604 large tie-fibre bundles 1582:1604 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 18 71 theme collagen 2334:2341 arg1 organization 2343:2354 continuous collagen organization 2323:2354 continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections 2323:2416 OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. 25572636 8 72 theme three-dimensional 974:990 arg1 architecture 1001:1012 the three-dimensional collagen architecture 970:1012 the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci 970:1062 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 16 73 theme meniscus 2112:2119 arg1 shape 2127:2131 the meniscus wedge shape 2108:2131 the meniscus wedge shape 2108:2131 This thickening changes the shape of the root to more closely resemble the meniscus wedge shape. 25572636 5 74 theme meniscal 662:669 arg1 roots 671:675 the meniscal roots 658:675 the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci 658:731 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 13 75 theme roots 1569:1573 arg1 sections 1544:1551 the outermost sections 1530:1551 the outermost sections of the meniscal roots 1530:1573 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 8 76 from architecture 1001:1012 arg1 menisci 1056:1062 lapine menisci 1049:1062 lapine menisci 1049:1062 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 18 77 theme meniscal 2379:2386 arg1 body 2388:2391 the meniscal body 2375:2391 the meniscal body in longitudinal sections 2375:2416 OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. 25572636 11 78 theme collagen 1338:1345 arg1 fascicles 1347:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament-like collagen fascicles. 25572636 17 79 with concept 2165:2171 arg1 portion 2207:2213 the outer portion 2197:2213 the outer portion of the meniscus 2197:2229 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 23 80 theme load-bearing 2924:2935 arg1 mechanism 2937:2945 the meniscal load-bearing mechanism 2911:2945 the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee 2911:2957 These new structural details are important to understanding the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee. 25572636 11 81 theme large 1318:1322 arg1 fascicles 1347:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 large ligament-like collagen fascicles 1318:1355 Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament-like collagen fascicles. 25572636 5 82 from body 695:698 arg1 menisci 725:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 2 83 theme strong 203:208 arg1 attachments 210:220 These strong attachments 197:220 These strong attachments 197:220 These strong attachments anchor the menisci and allow for the generation of hoop stress in the tissue. 25572636 16 84 theme root 2078:2081 arg1 shape 2065:2069 the shape 2061:2069 the shape of the root to more closely resemble the meniscus wedge shape 2061:2131 This thickening changes the shape of the root to more closely resemble the meniscus wedge shape. 25572636 22 85 theme fibrocartilagenous 2811:2828 arg1 body 2830:2833 the fibrocartilagenous body 2807:2833 the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci 2807:2848 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 14 86 dep fibrocartilage-like 1780:1798 arg1 inner 1800:1804 inner 1800:1804 inner 1800:1804 The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue. 25572636 2 87 theme stress 278:283 arg1 generation 259:268 the generation 255:268 the generation of hoop stress in the tissue 255:297 These strong attachments anchor the menisci and allow for the generation of hoop stress in the tissue. 25572636 5 88 theme juvenile 709:716 arg1 menisci 725:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 fixed juvenile bovine menisci 703:731 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 14 89 theme staining 1652:1659 arg1 pattern 1661:1667 The staining pattern 1648:1667 The staining pattern 1648:1667 The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue. 25572636 14 90 theme tissue 1822:1827 arg1 portions 1806:1813 the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions 1771:1813 the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue 1771:1827 The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue. 25572636 2 91 from generation 259:268 arg1 tissue 292:297 the tissue 288:297 the tissue 288:297 These strong attachments anchor the menisci and allow for the generation of hoop stress in the tissue. 25572636 3 92 theme meniscal 304:311 arg1 roots 313:317 The meniscal roots 300:317 The meniscal roots 300:317 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 18 93 theme continuous 2323:2332 arg1 organization 2343:2354 continuous collagen organization 2323:2354 continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections 2323:2416 OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. 25572636 4 94 dep structure 497:505 arg1 the 493:495 the 493:495 the 493:495 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 4 95 from body 540:543 arg1 structure 497:505 structure 497:505 structure 497:505 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 4 95 from body 540:543 arg1 organization 518:529 tissue organization 511:529 tissue organization 511:529 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 4 95 from body 540:543 arg1 analysis 481:488 a complete analysis 470:488 a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 470:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 23 96 theme structural 2861:2870 arg1 details 2872:2878 These new structural details 2851:2878 These new structural details 2851:2878 These new structural details are important to understanding the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee. 25572636 21 97 theme anterior 2666:2673 arg1 surface 2683:2689 the anterior femoral surface 2662:2689 the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus 2662:2705 These blood vessels then arborized to cover the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus. 25572636 5 98 theme meniscal 686:693 arg1 body 695:698 the meniscal body 682:698 the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci 682:731 Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. 25572636 15 99 located observed 1859:1866 arg2 it 1852:1853 it 1852:1853 it 1852:1853 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 15 99 located observed 1859:1866 arg1 sections 1843:1850 unstained sections 1833:1850 unstained sections 1833:1850 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 23 100 from mechanism 2937:2945 arg1 knee 2954:2957 the knee 2950:2957 the knee 2950:2957 These new structural details are important to understanding the meniscal load-bearing mechanism in the knee. 25572636 3 101 theme ligament-like 326:338 arg1 structure 340:348 a ligament-like structure 324:348 a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body 324:424 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 15 102 from portion 1999:2005 arg1 fibrous 1956:1962 fibrous 1956:1962 fibrous 1956:1962 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 8 103 theme transition 1035:1044 arg1 architecture 1001:1012 the three-dimensional collagen architecture 970:1012 the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci 970:1062 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 15 104 theme root 2031:2034 arg1 portion 1999:2005 the inferior inner portion 1980:2005 the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1980:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 21 105 theme arborized 2643:2651 arg1 vessels 2630:2636 These blood vessels 2618:2636 These blood vessels then arborized to 2618:2654 These blood vessels then arborized to cover the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus. 25572636 14 106 theme meniscus 1736:1743 arg1 portion 1721:1727 the outer portion 1711:1727 the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue 1711:1827 The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue. 25572636 0 107 theme structural 4:13 arg1 transition 33:42 The structural and compositional transition 0:42 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 0:104 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 25572636 8 108 theme lapine 1049:1054 arg1 menisci 1056:1062 lapine menisci 1049:1062 lapine menisci 1049:1062 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 15 109 theme posterior 2014:2022 arg1 root 2031:2034 the posterior medial root 2010:2034 the posterior medial root 2010:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 17 110 theme meniscus 2222:2229 arg1 portion 2207:2213 the outer portion 2197:2213 the outer portion of the meniscus 2197:2229 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 4 111 theme organization 518:529 arg1 analysis 481:488 a complete analysis 470:488 a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 470:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 15 112 theme epiligamentous 1897:1910 arg1 structure 1912:1920 the epiligamentous structure 1893:1920 the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1893:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 22 113 theme menisci 2842:2848 arg1 body 2830:2833 the fibrocartilagenous body 2807:2833 the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci 2807:2848 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 22 113 theme menisci 2842:2848 arg1 roots 2796:2800 roots 2796:2800 roots 2796:2800 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 22 113 theme menisci 2842:2848 arg1 ligaments 2785:2793 the insertional ligaments 2769:2793 the insertional ligaments (roots) 2769:2801 This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. 25572636 11 114 theme tibial 1280:1285 arg1 insertion 1287:1295 the tibial insertion 1276:1295 the tibial insertion 1276:1295 Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament-like collagen fascicles. 25572636 3 115 theme meniscal 412:419 arg1 body 421:424 the meniscal body 408:424 the meniscal body 408:424 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 0 116 theme compositional 19:31 arg1 transition 33:42 The structural and compositional transition 0:42 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 0:104 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 25572636 14 117 theme fibrocartilage-like 1780:1798 arg1 portions 1806:1813 the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions 1771:1813 the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue 1771:1827 The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage-like inner portions of the tissue. 25572636 7 118 theme stereo 890:895 arg1 microscope 897:906 a backlit stereo microscope 880:906 a backlit stereo microscope 880:906 Unstained sections were imaged used a backlit stereo microscope. 25572636 19 119 with consistent 2504:2513 arg1 menisci 2550:2556 the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2520:2556 the serially sectioned bovine menisci 2520:2556 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 1 120 attach attach 159:164 arg2 ligaments 141:149 insertional ligaments 129:149 insertional ligaments 129:149 The meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. 25572636 1 120 attach attach 159:164 arg1 plateau 188:194 tibial plateau 181:194 tibial plateau 181:194 The meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. 25572636 1 120 attach attach 159:164 arg2 roots 119:123 The meniscal roots 106:123 The meniscal roots 106:123 The meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. 25572636 19 121 theme root 2466:2469 arg1 morphology 2448:2457 the morphology 2444:2457 the morphology of the root 2444:2469 In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. 25572636 13 122 theme Small 1449:1453 arg1 tie-fibres 1455:1464 Small tie-fibres 1449:1464 Small tie-fibres 1449:1464 Small tie-fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie-fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. 25572636 6 123 theme safranin-o 813:822 arg1 protocols 833:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 Sections were stained for collagen and proteoglycans (PG) using fast green and safranin-o staining protocols. 25572636 15 124 theme inferior 1984:1991 arg1 portion 1999:2005 the inferior inner portion 1980:2005 the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root 1980:2034 In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. 25572636 0 125 theme menisci 97:103 arg1 fibrocartilage 75:88 the fibrocartilage 71:88 the fibrocartilage of the menisci 71:103 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 25572636 0 126 theme meniscal 51:58 arg1 roots 60:64 the meniscal roots 47:64 the meniscal roots 47:64 The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci. 25572636 6 127 theme green 803:807 arg1 protocols 833:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 fast green and safranin-o staining protocols 798:841 Sections were stained for collagen and proteoglycans (PG) using fast green and safranin-o staining protocols. 25572636 18 128 from body 2388:2391 arg1 sections 2409:2416 longitudinal sections 2396:2416 longitudinal sections 2396:2416 OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. 25572636 3 129 theme fibrocartilagenous 376:393 arg1 structure 395:403 the fibrocartilagenous structure 372:403 the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body 372:424 The meniscal roots have a ligament-like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. 25572636 9 130 theme ligaments 1113:1121 arg1 sections 1097:1104 the sections 1093:1104 the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body 1093:1160 Tie-fibres were observed in the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body. 25572636 4 131 contain carry 460:464 arg2 analysis 481:488 a complete analysis 470:488 a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots 470:620 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 4 131 contain carry 460:464 arg1 purpose 431:437 The purpose 427:437 The purpose of this study 427:451 The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. 25572636 18 132 from root 2365:2368 arg1 organization 2343:2354 continuous collagen organization 2323:2354 continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections 2323:2416 OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. 25572636 17 133 theme meniscus 2298:2305 arg1 structure 2270:2278 the hoop-like structure 2256:2278 the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus 2256:2305 These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop-like structure of the peripheral meniscus. 25572636 10 134 theme Blood 1163:1167 arg1 vessels 1169:1175 Blood vessels 1163:1175 Blood vessels 1163:1175 Blood vessels were observed to be surrounded by these tie-fibres and a PG-rich region within the ligaments. 25572636 8 135 theme Optical 909:915 arg1 tomography 928:937 Optical projection tomography 909:937 Optical projection tomography (OPT) 909:943 Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three-dimensional collagen architecture of the root-meniscus transition in lapine menisci. 25572636 9 136 theme bovine 1141:1146 arg1 body 1157:1160 the bovine meniscal body 1137:1160 the bovine meniscal body 1137:1160 Tie-fibres were observed in the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body. 25572636 7 137 theme Unstained 844:852 arg1 sections 854:861 Unstained sections 844:861 Unstained sections 844:861 Unstained sections were imaged used a backlit stereo microscope. 28189221 0 0 theme inclusion 102:110 arg1 complexes 112:120 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 67:120 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 67:120 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 3 1 theme 50°C. 815:819 arg1 solution 829:836 50°C. Aqueous solution 815:836 50°C. Aqueous solution 815:836 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 1 2 theme solutions 183:191 arg1 properties 161:170 The rheological properties 145:170 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 145:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 3 3 theme 95°C 807:810 arg1 blends 838:843 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends 807:843 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am 807:862 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 1 4 theme chloride 278:285 arg1 Hex-Am 308:313 Hex-Am 308:313 Hex-Am 308:313 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 1 4 theme chloride 278:285 arg1 complexes 297:305 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 252:305 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 252:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 0 5 theme chloride 93:100 arg1 complexes 112:120 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 67:120 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 67:120 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 4 6 from PVOH 1119:1122 arg1 blends 1132:1137 film blends 1127:1137 film blends 1127:1137 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 1 7 theme inclusion 287:295 arg1 Hex-Am 308:313 Hex-Am 308:313 Hex-Am 308:313 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 1 7 theme inclusion 287:295 arg1 complexes 297:305 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 252:305 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 252:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 2 8 theme % 571:571 arg1 solids 573:578 10% solids 569:578 10% solids 569:578 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 1 9 theme processing 384:393 arg1 parameters 395:404 processing parameters 384:404 processing parameters 384:404 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 3 10 theme Cationic 581:588 arg1 Hex-Am 590:595 Cationic Hex-Am 581:595 Cationic Hex-Am 581:595 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 1 11 theme complexes 297:305 arg1 blends 213:218 blends 213:218 blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 213:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 2 12 theme 10 569:570 arg1 % 571:571 % 571:571 % 571:571 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 2 13 from % 521:521 arg1 viscous 507:513 viscous 507:513 viscous 507:513 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 5 14 theme lower 1190:1194 arg1 rates 1196:1200 lower rates 1190:1200 lower rates than their constitutive polymers 1190:1233 Films cast from Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor at lower rates than their constitutive polymers. 28189221 1 15 theme films 197:201 arg1 properties 161:170 The rheological properties 145:170 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 145:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 0 16 theme polyvinyl 126:134 arg1 alcohol 136:142 polyvinyl alcohol 126:142 polyvinyl alcohol 126:142 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 3 17 from increase 767:774 arg1 viscosity 779:787 viscosity 779:787 viscosity 779:787 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 2 18 theme viscous 507:513 arg1 solids 523:528 highly viscous at 4.2% solids 500:528 highly viscous at 4.2% solids 500:528 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 4 19 theme storage 1069:1075 arg1 modulus 1077:1083 storage modulus 1069:1083 storage modulus 1069:1083 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 2 20 theme mechanical 551:560 arg1 gel 562:564 a strong mechanical gel 542:564 a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids 542:578 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 2 21 theme Hex-Am 428:433 arg1 solutions 415:423 Aqueous solutions 407:423 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am 407:433 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 0 22 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 characterization 12:27 Rheological characterization 0:27 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films 0:55 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 4 23 from blends 1132:1137 arg1 concentrations 1101:1114 increasing concentrations 1090:1114 increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends 1090:1137 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 3 24 theme precipitous 874:884 arg1 increase 886:893 this precipitous increase 869:893 this precipitous increase in viscosity 869:906 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 4 25 theme PVOH 1119:1122 arg1 concentrations 1101:1114 increasing concentrations 1090:1114 increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends 1090:1137 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 5 26 theme absorb 1168:1173 arg1 vapor 1181:1185 Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor 1156:1185 Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor 1156:1185 Films cast from Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor at lower rates than their constitutive polymers. 28189221 0 27 theme solutions 32:40 arg1 characterization 12:27 Rheological characterization 0:27 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films 0:55 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 4 28 theme PVOH 1011:1014 arg1 Films 966:970 Films 966:970 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH 966:1014 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 4 29 theme film 1127:1130 arg1 blends 1132:1137 film blends 1127:1137 film blends 1127:1137 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 3 30 contain have 613:616 arg2 profiles 674:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles 618:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 618:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 30 contain have 613:616 arg1 Hex-Am 590:595 Cationic Hex-Am 581:595 Cationic Hex-Am 581:595 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 31 theme inclusion 721:729 arg1 complexes 731:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 1 32 theme polyvinyl 223:231 arg1 PVOH 242:245 PVOH 242:245 PVOH 242:245 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 1 32 theme polyvinyl 223:231 arg1 alcohol 233:239 polyvinyl alcohol 223:239 polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) 223:246 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 0 33 theme thin 46:49 arg1 films 51:55 thin films 46:55 thin films 46:55 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 3 34 theme Aqueous 821:827 arg1 solution 829:836 50°C. Aqueous solution 815:836 50°C. Aqueous solution 815:836 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 1 35 theme alcohol 233:239 arg1 blends 213:218 blends 213:218 blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 213:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 3 36 theme rheological 641:651 arg1 profiles 674:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles 618:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 618:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 2 37 theme thinning 465:472 arg1 characteristics 474:488 non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics 445:488 non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics 445:488 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 2 38 theme non-Newtonian 445:457 arg1 characteristics 474:488 non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics 445:488 non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics 445:488 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 3 39 theme PVOH/Hex-Am 852:862 arg1 blends 838:843 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends 807:843 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am 807:862 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 40 theme amylose-sodium 696:709 arg1 complexes 731:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 41 theme temperature 653:663 arg1 profiles 674:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles 618:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 618:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 2 42 theme shear 459:463 arg1 characteristics 474:488 non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics 445:488 non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics 445:488 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 5 43 theme Hex-Am/PVOH 1156:1166 arg1 vapor 1181:1185 Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor 1156:1185 Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor 1156:1185 Films cast from Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor at lower rates than their constitutive polymers. 28189221 4 44 from concentrations 1101:1114 arg1 blends 1132:1137 film blends 1127:1137 film blends 1127:1137 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 3 45 theme palmitate 711:719 arg1 complexes 731:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 4 46 theme Hex-Am 1000:1005 arg1 Films 966:970 Films 966:970 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH 966:1014 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 0 47 theme films 51:55 arg1 characterization 12:27 Rheological characterization 0:27 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films 0:55 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 4 48 theme varying 982:988 arg1 blends 990:995 varying blends 982:995 varying blends 982:995 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 3 49 theme different 631:639 arg1 profiles 674:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles 618:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 618:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 5 50 theme water 1175:1179 arg1 vapor 1181:1185 Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor 1156:1185 Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor 1156:1185 Films cast from Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor at lower rates than their constitutive polymers. 28189221 3 51 from complexes 731:739 arg1 profiles 674:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles 618:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 618:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 52 theme 1:1 848:850 arg1 PVOH/Hex-Am 852:862 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am 848:862 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am 848:862 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 53 from increase 886:893 arg1 viscosity 898:906 viscosity 898:906 viscosity 898:906 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 3 54 theme precipitous 755:765 arg1 increase 767:774 a precipitous increase 753:774 a precipitous increase in viscosity 753:787 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 1 55 theme rheological 149:159 arg1 properties 161:170 The rheological properties 145:170 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 145:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 4 56 theme increasing 1090:1099 arg1 concentrations 1101:1114 increasing concentrations 1090:1114 increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends 1090:1137 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 4 57 from blends 990:995 arg1 Films 966:970 Films 966:970 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH 966:1014 Films cast from varying blends of Hex-Am and PVOH were thermostable to 200°C, and displayed decreasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of PVOH in film blends. 28189221 3 58 theme anionic 688:694 arg1 complexes 731:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 688:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 2 59 theme Aqueous 407:413 arg1 solutions 415:423 Aqueous solutions 407:423 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am 407:433 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 2 60 from solids 573:578 arg1 gel 562:564 a strong mechanical gel 542:564 a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids 542:578 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 0 61 theme amylose-hexadecylammonium 67:91 arg1 complexes 112:120 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 67:120 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 67:120 Rheological characterization of solutions and thin films made from amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes and polyvinyl alcohol. 28189221 3 62 theme response 665:672 arg1 profiles 674:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles 618:681 dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes 618:739 Cationic Hex-Am was observed to have dramatically different rheological temperature response profiles from anionic amylose-sodium palmitate inclusion complexes, displaying a precipitous increase in viscosity upon cooling from 95°C to 50°C. Aqueous solution blends of 1:1 PVOH/Hex-Am lack this precipitous increase in viscosity, indicating that PVOH reduces amylose-chain entanglement. 28189221 5 63 theme constitutive 1213:1224 arg1 polymers 1226:1233 their constitutive polymers 1207:1233 their constitutive polymers 1207:1233 Films cast from Hex-Am/PVOH absorb water vapor at lower rates than their constitutive polymers. 28189221 2 64 theme strong 544:549 arg1 gel 562:564 a strong mechanical gel 542:564 a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids 542:578 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 1 65 theme polymer 359:365 arg1 interactions 367:378 the polymer interactions 355:378 the polymer interactions 355:378 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 2 66 dep displayed 435:443 arg1 forming 534:540 forming 534:540 forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids 534:578 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 2 66 dep displayed 435:443 arg1 becoming 491:498 becoming 491:498 becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids 491:528 Aqueous solutions of Hex-Am displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics, becoming highly viscous at 4.2% solids and forming a strong mechanical gel at 10% solids. 28189221 1 67 theme aqueous 175:181 arg1 solutions 183:191 aqueous solutions 175:191 aqueous solutions 175:191 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 1 68 theme amylose-hexadecylammonium 252:276 arg1 Hex-Am 308:313 Hex-Am 308:313 Hex-Am 308:313 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 28189221 1 68 theme amylose-hexadecylammonium 252:276 arg1 complexes 297:305 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes 252:305 amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) 252:314 The rheological properties of aqueous solutions and films made from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and amylose-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) were investigated to better understand the polymer interactions and processing parameters. 25601569 6 0 theme industrial 1324:1333 arg1 cultivation 1335:1345 industrial cultivation 1324:1345 industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production 1324:1385 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 0 1 theme gracilis 84:91 arg1 cultivation 61:71 heterotrophic cultivation 47:71 heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production 47:116 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 2 2 used used 439:442 arg2 by-products 354:364 various industrial by-products 335:364 various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) 335:432 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 4 3 theme carbon 801:806 arg1 fructose 789:796 fructose 789:796 fructose 789:796 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 3 theme carbon 801:806 arg1 sources 808:814 carbon sources 801:814 carbon sources 801:814 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 3 theme carbon 801:806 arg1 glucose 777:783 glucose 777:783 glucose 777:783 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 5 4 theme extract 993:999 arg1 addition 964:971 addition 964:971 addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid 964:1020 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 6 5 from verification 1151:1162 arg1 bioreactor 1184:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 0 6 theme production 107:116 arg1 cultivation 61:71 heterotrophic cultivation 47:71 heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production 47:116 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 3 7 theme Erlenmeyer 620:629 arg1 flasks 631:636 Erlenmeyer flasks 620:636 Erlenmeyer flasks 620:636 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. 25601569 6 8 from optimization 1104:1115 arg1 bioreactor 1184:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 0 9 theme paramylon 97:105 arg1 production 107:116 paramylon production 97:116 paramylon production 97:116 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 6 10 theme tank 1179:1182 arg1 bioreactor 1184:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 2 11 dep by-products 354:364 arg1 molasses 373:380 molasses 373:380 molasses 373:380 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 11 dep by-products 354:364 arg1 extract 425:431 beef extract 420:431 beef extract 420:431 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 11 dep by-products 354:364 arg1 solid 394:398 solid 394:398 solid 394:398 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 11 dep by-products 354:364 arg1 extract 407:413 yeast extract 401:413 yeast extract 401:413 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 1 12 theme β-1,3-glucan 275:286 arg1 production 261:270 production 261:270 production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon) 261:298 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 2 13 theme compounds 477:485 arg1 addition 460:467 addition 460:467 addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 460:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 6 14 theme stirred 1171:1177 arg1 bioreactor 1184:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 the stirred tank bioreactor 1167:1193 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 1 15 theme synthetic 184:192 arg1 medium 202:207 synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media 184:238 medium 202:207 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 compounds 477:485 pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 472:558 pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 472:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 [glucose 487:494 [glucose 487:494 [glucose 487:494 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 lactose 518:524 lactose 518:524 lactose 518:524 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 maltose 527:533 maltose 527:533 maltose 527:533 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 galactose 497:505 galactose 497:505 galactose 497:505 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 2HPO4 554:558 (NH4)2HPO4 549:558 (NH4)2HPO4 549:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 fructose 508:515 fructose 508:515 fructose 508:515 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 16 theme pure 472:475 arg1 sucrose 536:542 sucrose 536:542 sucrose 536:542 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 5 17 theme gibberellic 1005:1015 arg1 acid 1017:1020 gibberellic acid 1005:1020 gibberellic acid 1005:1020 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 2 18 theme media 328:332 arg1 preparation 305:315 preparation 305:315 preparation of complex media 305:332 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 5 19 theme acid 1017:1020 arg1 addition 964:971 addition 964:971 addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid 964:1020 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 20 theme paramylon 906:914 arg1 synthesis 916:924 paramylon synthesis 906:924 paramylon synthesis 906:924 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 2 21 theme complex 320:326 arg1 media 328:332 complex media 320:332 complex media 320:332 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 1 22 theme Hutner 195:200 arg1 medium 202:207 synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media 184:238 medium 202:207 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 2 23 theme beef 420:423 arg1 extract 425:431 beef extract 420:431 beef extract 420:431 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 3 24 theme stirred 688:694 arg1 bioreactor 701:710 the stirred tank bioreactor 684:710 the stirred tank bioreactor 684:710 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. 25601569 2 25 theme NH4 550:552 arg1 compounds 477:485 pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 472:558 pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 472:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 25 theme NH4 550:552 arg1 2HPO4 554:558 (NH4)2HPO4 549:558 (NH4)2HPO4 549:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 0 26 theme medium 24:29 arg1 composition 31:41 complex medium composition 16:41 complex medium composition 16:41 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 3 27 theme tank 696:699 arg1 bioreactor 701:710 the stirred tank bioreactor 684:710 the stirred tank bioreactor 684:710 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 compounds 477:485 pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 472:558 pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4 472:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 [glucose 487:494 [glucose 487:494 [glucose 487:494 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 lactose 518:524 lactose 518:524 lactose 518:524 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 maltose 527:533 maltose 527:533 maltose 527:533 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 galactose 497:505 galactose 497:505 galactose 497:505 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 2HPO4 554:558 (NH4)2HPO4 549:558 (NH4)2HPO4 549:558 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 fructose 508:515 fructose 508:515 fructose 508:515 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 2 28 dep compounds 477:485 arg1 sucrose 536:542 sucrose 536:542 sucrose 536:542 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 6 29 theme complex 1120:1126 arg1 composition 1135:1145 complex medium composition 1120:1145 complex medium composition 1120:1145 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 0 30 theme complex 16:22 arg1 composition 31:41 complex medium composition 16:41 complex medium composition 16:41 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 5 31 theme paramylon 1077:1085 arg1 synthesis 1087:1095 paramylon synthesis 1077:1095 paramylon synthesis 1077:1095 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 32 theme nitrogen 848:855 arg1 source 876:881 complex nitrogen and growth factors source 840:881 complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis 840:924 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 5 33 theme 2HPO4 981:985 arg1 addition 964:971 addition 964:971 addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid 964:1020 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 1 34 theme Heterotrophic 119:131 arg1 cultivation 133:143 Heterotrophic cultivation 119:143 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis 119:163 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 6 35 theme production 1376:1385 arg1 cultivation 1335:1345 industrial cultivation 1324:1345 industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production 1324:1385 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 2 36 theme yeast 401:405 arg1 extract 407:413 yeast extract 401:413 yeast extract 401:413 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 5 37 theme positive 1035:1042 arg1 effect 1044:1049 positive effect 1035:1049 positive effect 1035:1049 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 38 theme factors 868:874 arg1 source 876:881 complex nitrogen and growth factors source 840:881 complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis 840:924 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 6 39 theme paramylon 1366:1374 arg1 production 1376:1385 paramylon production 1366:1385 paramylon production 1366:1385 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 1 40 theme complex 214:220 arg1 media 234:238 synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media 184:238 media 234:238 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 0 41 theme composition 31:41 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 0:117 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 4 42 theme growth 861:866 arg1 factors 868:874 growth factors 861:874 growth factors 861:874 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 5 43 theme beef 988:991 arg1 extract 993:999 beef extract 988:999 beef extract 988:999 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 6 44 theme composition 1135:1145 arg1 optimization 1104:1115 optimization 1104:1115 optimization of complex medium composition 1104:1145 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 6 44 theme composition 1135:1145 arg1 verification 1151:1162 verification 1151:1162 verification in the stirred tank bioreactor 1151:1193 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 1 45 theme cultivation 222:232 arg1 media 234:238 synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media 184:238 media 234:238 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 3 46 theme Heterotrophic 562:574 arg1 cultivation 576:586 Heterotrophic cultivation 562:586 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis 562:601 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. 25601569 6 47 theme medium 1128:1133 arg1 composition 1135:1145 complex medium composition 1120:1145 complex medium composition 1120:1145 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 6 48 theme suitable 1296:1303 arg1 medium 1313:1318 the most suitable complex medium 1287:1318 the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production 1287:1385 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 6 48 theme suitable 1296:1303 arg1 medium 1218:1223 medium 1218:1223 medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) 1218:1282 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 2 49 theme industrial 343:352 arg1 by-products 354:364 various industrial by-products 335:364 various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) 335:432 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 0 50 theme heterotrophic 47:59 arg1 cultivation 61:71 heterotrophic cultivation 47:71 heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production 47:116 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 5 51 dep growth 1066:1071 arg1 the 1054:1056 the 1054:1056 the 1054:1056 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 2 52 theme various 335:341 arg1 by-products 354:364 various industrial by-products 335:364 various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) 335:432 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 5 53 theme biomass 1058:1064 arg1 growth 1066:1071 biomass growth 1058:1071 biomass growth 1058:1071 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 54 theme complex 840:846 arg1 source 876:881 complex nitrogen and growth factors source 840:881 complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis 840:924 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 1 55 theme Euglena 148:154 arg1 gracilis 156:163 Euglena gracilis 148:163 Euglena gracilis 148:163 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 6 56 theme gracilis 1353:1360 arg1 cultivation 1335:1345 industrial cultivation 1324:1345 industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production 1324:1385 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 6 57 dep suitable 1296:1303 arg1 complex 1305:1311 complex 1305:1311 complex 1305:1311 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 3 58 theme E. 591:592 arg1 gracilis 594:601 E. gracilis 591:601 E. gracilis 591:601 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. 25601569 2 59 dep molasses 373:380 arg1 e.g. 367:370 e.g. 367:370 e.g. 367:370 For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. 25601569 1 60 theme gracilis 156:163 arg1 cultivation 133:143 Heterotrophic cultivation 119:143 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis 119:163 Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). 25601569 6 61 theme E. 1350:1351 arg1 gracilis 1353:1360 E. gracilis 1350:1360 E. gracilis 1350:1360 After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 0 62 theme Euglena 76:82 arg1 gracilis 84:91 Euglena gracilis 76:91 Euglena gracilis 76:91 Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. 25601569 3 63 theme gracilis 594:601 arg1 cultivation 576:586 Heterotrophic cultivation 562:586 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis 562:601 Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. 25601569 4 64 theme E. 743:744 arg1 gracilis 746:753 E. gracilis 743:753 E. gracilis 743:753 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 5 65 contain have 1030:1033 arg2 effect 1044:1049 positive effect 1035:1049 positive effect 1035:1049 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 5 65 contain have 1030:1033 arg1 addition 964:971 addition 964:971 addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid 964:1020 Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 25601569 4 66 theme biomass 887:893 arg1 growth 895:900 biomass growth 887:900 biomass growth 887:900 The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. 24656353 6 0 theme PVABG 1161:1165 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 1 1 theme Chi 367:369 arg1 /collagen 371:379 chitosan (Chi)/collagen 357:379 chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 357:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 1 theme Chi 367:369 arg1 Col 382:384 Col 382:384 Col 382:384 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 1 theme Chi 367:369 arg1 ChiCol 388:393 ChiCol 388:393 ChiCol 388:393 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 11 2 theme mineral 1715:1721 arg1 deposition 1723:1732 significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition 1680:1732 deposition 1723:1732 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 2 3 theme mechanical 504:513 arg1 properties 515:524 The mechanical properties 500:524 The mechanical properties 500:524 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 6 4 theme In 1056:1057 arg1 tests 1101:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests 1056:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests 1056:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 1 5 theme /collagen 371:379 arg1 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 5 theme /collagen 371:379 arg1 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 5 theme /collagen 371:379 arg1 ratios 254:259 different weight ratios 237:259 different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 237:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 3 6 theme ChiCol 804:809 arg1 ratio 789:793 the weight ratio 778:793 the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol 778:809 The results from the studies indicated that the porosity and compressive strength were controlled by the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 11 7 theme biological 1735:1744 arg1 properties 1746:1755 biological properties 1735:1755 biological properties 1735:1755 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 2 8 dep in 534:535 arg1 vitro 537:541 vitro 537:541 vitro 537:541 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 2 9 theme in 534:535 arg1 biocompatibility 543:558 the in vitro biocompatibility 530:558 the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 530:656 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 6 10 theme osteoblast 1121:1130 arg1 attachment 1132:1141 osteoblast attachment 1121:1141 osteoblast attachment 1121:1141 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 1 11 theme present 192:198 arg1 study 200:204 the present study 188:204 the present study 188:204 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 4 12 theme compressive 824:834 arg1 MPa 878:880 214.64 MPa 871:880 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol 871:928 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 4 12 theme compressive 824:834 arg1 modulus 836:842 The highest compressive modulus 812:842 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made 812:865 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 0 13 theme composite 124:132 arg1 scaffolds 134:142 poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds 77:142 poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds 77:142 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 12 14 theme potential 1796:1804 arg1 candidates 1806:1815 potential candidates 1796:1815 potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications 1796:1856 This made them potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 8 15 theme Alkaline 1294:1301 arg1 activity 1315:1322 Alkaline phosphatase activity 1294:1322 Alkaline phosphatase activity 1294:1322 Alkaline phosphatase activity was found to increase with increasing culturing time. 24656353 7 16 theme ChiCol 1231:1236 arg1 composite 1238:1246 ChiCol composite 1231:1246 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1204:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 6 17 dep In 1056:1057 arg1 vitro 1059:1063 vitro 1059:1063 vitro 1059:1063 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 6 18 dep cell 1065:1068 arg1 availability 1070:1081 availability 1070:1081 availability 1070:1081 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 11 19 theme 1:1 1643:1645 arg1 ratio 1654:1658 the 1:1 weight ratio 1639:1658 the 1:1 weight ratio 1639:1658 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 0 20 theme bone 147:150 arg1 tissue 152:157 a bone tissue 145:157 a bone tissue engineering applications 145:182 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 7 21 theme weight 1212:1217 arg1 ratio 1219:1223 the 1:1 weight ratio 1204:1223 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1204:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 6 22 theme ChiCol 1167:1172 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 1 23 theme chitosan 357:364 arg1 /collagen 371:379 chitosan (Chi)/collagen 357:379 chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 357:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 23 theme chitosan 357:364 arg1 Col 382:384 Col 382:384 Col 382:384 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 23 theme chitosan 357:364 arg1 ChiCol 388:393 ChiCol 388:393 ChiCol 388:393 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 6 24 theme cell 1065:1068 arg1 tests 1101:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests 1056:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests 1056:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 2 25 theme osteoblast-like 628:642 arg1 cells 652:656 rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 624:656 rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 624:656 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 1 26 theme 15Ca:80Si:5P 302:313 arg1 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 26 theme 15Ca:80Si:5P 302:313 arg1 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 26 theme 15Ca:80Si:5P 302:313 arg1 alcohol 331:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol 285:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) 285:351 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 3 27 theme compressive 738:748 arg1 strength 750:757 the porosity and compressive strength 721:757 the porosity and compressive strength 721:757 The results from the studies indicated that the porosity and compressive strength were controlled by the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 3 28 theme weight 782:787 arg1 ratio 789:793 the weight ratio 778:793 the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol 778:809 The results from the studies indicated that the porosity and compressive strength were controlled by the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 4 29 theme composites 851:860 arg1 MPa 878:880 214.64 MPa 871:880 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol 871:928 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 4 29 theme composites 851:860 arg1 modulus 836:842 The highest compressive modulus 812:842 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made 812:865 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 2 30 theme composite 567:575 arg1 scaffolds 577:585 the composite scaffolds 563:585 the composite scaffolds 563:585 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 3 31 theme porosity 725:732 arg1 strength 750:757 the porosity and compressive strength 721:757 the porosity and compressive strength 721:757 The results from the studies indicated that the porosity and compressive strength were controlled by the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 0 32 theme vinyl 82:86 arg1 alcohol 88:94 vinyl alcohol 82:94 vinyl alcohol 82:94 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 1 33 theme alcohol 331:337 arg1 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 33 theme alcohol 331:337 arg1 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 33 theme alcohol 331:337 arg1 ratios 254:259 different weight ratios 237:259 different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 237:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 2 34 theme body 600:603 arg1 SBF 612:614 SBF 612:614 SBF 612:614 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 2 34 theme body 600:603 arg1 fluid 605:609 simulated body fluid 590:609 simulated body fluid (SBF) 590:615 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 10 35 theme BSA 1485:1487 arg1 loading 1489:1495 BSA loading 1485:1495 BSA loading 1485:1495 81.14% of BSA loading had been achieved and controlled release for over four weeks was observed. 24656353 0 36 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 release 66:72 protein controlled release 47:72 protein controlled release 47:72 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 0 36 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 0 36 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 activity 34:41 biological activity 23:41 biological activity 23:41 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 7 37 theme ALP 1191:1193 arg1 tests 1195:1199 MTT and ALP tests 1183:1199 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1183:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 1 38 theme porous 482:487 arg1 scaffolds 489:497 the porous scaffolds 478:497 the porous scaffolds 478:497 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 10 39 theme controlled 1519:1528 arg1 release 1530:1536 controlled release 1519:1536 controlled release for over four weeks 1519:1556 81.14% of BSA loading had been achieved and controlled release for over four weeks was observed. 24656353 9 40 theme drug 1431:1434 arg1 delivery 1436:1443 PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1418:1443 PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1418:1443 In addition, we showed the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery through PBS solution studies. 24656353 7 41 theme MTT 1183:1185 arg1 tests 1195:1199 MTT and ALP tests 1183:1199 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1183:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 4 42 theme weight 904:909 arg1 ratio 911:915 the 1:1 weight ratio 896:915 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG 896:921 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 3 43 from studies 698:704 arg1 results 681:687 The results 677:687 The results from the studies 677:704 The results from the studies indicated that the porosity and compressive strength were controlled by the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 11 44 theme improved 1694:1701 arg1 deposition 1723:1732 significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition 1680:1732 deposition 1723:1732 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 0 45 theme protein 47:53 arg1 release 66:72 protein controlled release 47:72 protein controlled release 47:72 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 0 45 theme protein 47:53 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 1 46 theme glass 295:299 arg1 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 46 theme glass 295:299 arg1 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 46 theme glass 295:299 arg1 alcohol 331:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol 285:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) 285:351 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 11 47 dep composites 1616:1625 arg1 ratio 1654:1658 the 1:1 weight ratio 1639:1658 the 1:1 weight ratio 1639:1658 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 11 47 dep composites 1616:1625 arg1 composite 1660:1668 composite 1660:1668 composite 1660:1668 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 9 48 theme solution 1457:1464 arg1 studies 1466:1472 PBS solution studies 1453:1472 PBS solution studies 1453:1472 In addition, we showed the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery through PBS solution studies. 24656353 1 49 theme mechanical 419:428 arg1 freeze-thaw 430:440 three mechanical freeze-thaw 413:440 three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds 413:497 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 50 theme different 237:245 arg1 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 50 theme different 237:245 arg1 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 50 theme different 237:245 arg1 ratios 254:259 different weight ratios 237:259 different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 237:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 7 51 from tests 1195:1199 arg1 PVABG 1225:1229 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG 1204:1229 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1204:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 12 52 theme tissue 1826:1831 arg1 applications 1845:1856 bone tissue engineering applications 1821:1856 bone tissue engineering applications 1821:1856 This made them potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 6 53 from attachment 1132:1141 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 6 54 from growth 1147:1152 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1157:1180 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 7 55 dep PVABG 1225:1229 arg1 composite 1238:1246 ChiCol composite 1231:1246 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1204:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 12 56 theme bone 1821:1824 arg1 applications 1845:1856 bone tissue engineering applications 1821:1856 bone tissue engineering applications 1821:1856 This made them potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 12 57 theme engineering 1833:1843 arg1 applications 1845:1856 bone tissue engineering applications 1821:1856 bone tissue engineering applications 1821:1856 This made them potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 4 58 theme highest 816:822 arg1 MPa 878:880 214.64 MPa 871:880 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol 871:928 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 4 58 theme highest 816:822 arg1 modulus 836:842 The highest compressive modulus 812:842 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made 812:865 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 8 59 theme phosphatase 1303:1313 arg1 activity 1315:1322 Alkaline phosphatase activity 1294:1322 Alkaline phosphatase activity 1294:1322 Alkaline phosphatase activity was found to increase with increasing culturing time. 24656353 1 60 theme composite 207:215 arg1 scaffolds 217:225 composite scaffolds 207:225 composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 207:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 5 61 theme ChiCol 1013:1018 arg1 surface 1020:1026 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1003:1026 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1003:1026 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 6 62 theme proliferation 1087:1099 arg1 tests 1101:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests 1056:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests 1056:1105 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 11 63 theme weight 1647:1652 arg1 ratio 1654:1658 the 1:1 weight ratio 1639:1658 the 1:1 weight ratio 1639:1658 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 4 64 dep MPa 878:880 arg1 ChiCol 923:928 ChiCol 923:928 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol 871:928 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 5 65 theme Mineralization 931:944 arg1 study 946:950 Mineralization study 931:950 Mineralization study in SBF 931:957 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 7 66 theme ratio 1219:1223 arg1 PVABG 1225:1229 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG 1204:1229 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1204:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 2 67 theme UMR-106 644:650 arg1 cells 652:656 rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 624:656 rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 624:656 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 5 68 from study 946:950 arg1 SBF 955:957 SBF 955:957 SBF 955:957 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 8 69 theme culturing 1362:1370 arg1 time 1372:1375 culturing time 1362:1375 culturing time 1362:1375 Alkaline phosphatase activity was found to increase with increasing culturing time. 24656353 7 70 theme 1:1 1208:1210 arg1 ratio 1219:1223 the 1:1 weight ratio 1204:1223 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite 1204:1246 MTT and ALP tests on the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol composite indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable. 24656353 2 71 theme rat 624:626 arg1 cells 652:656 rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 624:656 rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 624:656 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 5 72 from formation 970:978 arg1 surface 1020:1026 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1003:1026 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1003:1026 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 5 73 theme PVABG 1007:1011 arg1 surface 1020:1026 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1003:1026 the PVABG:ChiCol surface 1003:1026 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 3 74 theme PVABG 798:802 arg1 ChiCol 804:809 PVABG:ChiCol 798:809 PVABG:ChiCol 798:809 The results from the studies indicated that the porosity and compressive strength were controlled by the weight ratio of PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 2 75 theme scaffolds 577:585 arg1 properties 515:524 The mechanical properties 500:524 The mechanical properties 500:524 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 2 75 theme scaffolds 577:585 arg1 biocompatibility 543:558 the in vitro biocompatibility 530:558 the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells 530:656 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 11 76 theme ChiCol 1609:1614 arg1 composites 1616:1625 the PVABG:ChiCol composites 1599:1625 the PVABG:ChiCol composites 1599:1625 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 1 77 theme BG 317:318 arg1 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 77 theme BG 317:318 arg1 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 77 theme BG 317:318 arg1 alcohol 331:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol 285:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) 285:351 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 0 78 dep -bioglass/chitosan-collagen 96:122 arg1 alcohol 88:94 vinyl alcohol 82:94 vinyl alcohol 82:94 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 11 79 theme PVABG 1603:1607 arg1 composites 1616:1625 the PVABG:ChiCol composites 1599:1625 the PVABG:ChiCol composites 1599:1625 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 0 80 theme -bioglass/chitosan-collagen 96:122 arg1 scaffolds 134:142 poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds 77:142 poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds 77:142 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 1 81 theme /polyvinyl 320:329 arg1 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 81 theme /polyvinyl 320:329 arg1 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 81 theme /polyvinyl 320:329 arg1 alcohol 331:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol 285:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) 285:351 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 11 82 dep improved 1694:1701 arg1 mechanical 1703:1712 mechanical 1703:1712 mechanical 1703:1712 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 10 83 theme loading 1489:1495 arg1 loading 1489:1495 BSA loading 1485:1495 BSA loading 1485:1495 81.14% of BSA loading had been achieved and controlled release for over four weeks was observed. 24656353 10 83 theme loading 1489:1495 arg1 % 1480:1480 81.14% 1475:1480 81.14% of BSA loading 1475:1495 81.14% of BSA loading had been achieved and controlled release for over four weeks was observed. 24656353 9 84 theme PVABG 1418:1422 arg1 delivery 1436:1443 PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1418:1443 PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1418:1443 In addition, we showed the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery through PBS solution studies. 24656353 5 85 theme apatite 983:989 arg1 crystals 991:998 apatite crystals 983:998 apatite crystals 983:998 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 4 86 theme ratio 911:915 arg1 PVABG 917:921 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG 896:921 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG 896:921 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 2 87 theme simulated 590:598 arg1 SBF 612:614 SBF 612:614 SBF 612:614 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 2 87 theme simulated 590:598 arg1 fluid 605:609 simulated body fluid 590:609 simulated body fluid (SBF) 590:615 The mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds to simulated body fluid (SBF) and to rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. 24656353 0 88 theme biological 23:32 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 0 88 theme biological 23:32 arg1 activity 34:41 biological activity 23:41 biological activity 23:41 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 5 89 theme incubation 1044:1053 arg1 days 1036:1039 7 days 1034:1039 7 days of incubation 1034:1053 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 9 90 theme ChiCol 1424:1429 arg1 delivery 1436:1443 PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1418:1443 PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1418:1443 In addition, we showed the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery through PBS solution studies. 24656353 9 91 theme delivery 1436:1443 arg1 potential 1405:1413 the potential 1401:1413 the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery 1401:1443 In addition, we showed the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery through PBS solution studies. 24656353 0 92 theme controlled 55:64 arg1 release 66:72 protein controlled release 47:72 protein controlled release 47:72 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 0 92 theme controlled 55:64 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 1 93 theme bioactive 285:293 arg1 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 PVA 340:342 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 93 theme bioactive 285:293 arg1 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 PVABG 346:350 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 93 theme bioactive 285:293 arg1 alcohol 331:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol 285:337 bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) 285:351 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 9 94 theme PBS 1453:1455 arg1 studies 1466:1472 PBS solution studies 1453:1472 PBS solution studies 1453:1472 In addition, we showed the potential of PVABG:ChiCol drug delivery through PBS solution studies. 24656353 5 95 theme crystals 991:998 arg1 formation 970:978 the formation 966:978 the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface 966:1026 Mineralization study in SBF showed the formation of apatite crystals on the PVABG:ChiCol surface after 7 days of incubation. 24656353 4 96 theme 1:1 900:902 arg1 ratio 911:915 the 1:1 weight ratio 896:915 the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG 896:921 The highest compressive modulus of the composites made was 214.64 MPa which was for the 1:1 weight ratio PVABG:ChiCol. 24656353 6 97 dep attachment 1132:1141 arg1 the 1117:1119 the 1117:1119 the 1117:1119 In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the PVABG:ChiCol surface. 24656353 0 98 dep properties 11:20 arg1 tissue 152:157 a bone tissue 145:157 a bone tissue engineering applications 145:182 Mechanical properties, biological activity and protein controlled release by poly(vinyl alcohol)-bioglass/chitosan-collagen composite scaffolds: a bone tissue engineering applications. 24656353 11 99 theme controlled 1761:1770 arg1 release 1772:1778 controlled release 1761:1778 controlled release 1761:1778 Our results indicated that the PVABG:ChiCol composites, especially the 1:1 weight ratio composite exhibited significantly improved mechanical, mineral deposition, biological properties and controlled release. 24656353 1 100 theme weight 247:252 arg1 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 2:1 277:279 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 100 theme weight 247:252 arg1 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 0.5:1 262:266 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 24656353 1 100 theme weight 247:252 arg1 ratios 254:259 different weight ratios 237:259 different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) 237:394 In the present study, composite scaffolds made with different weight ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) of bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVABG) and chitosan (Chi)/collagen (Col) (ChiCol) were prepared by three mechanical freeze-thaw followed by freeze-drying to obtain the porous scaffolds. 28590906 2 0 theme tablet 496:501 arg1 blends 503:508 tablet blends 496:508 tablet blends 496:508 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 1 1 theme fruits 235:240 arg1 content 218:224 maximum content 210:224 maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.) 210:256 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 0 2 theme physical 73:80 arg1 properties 82:91 the physical properties 69:91 the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits 69:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 1 3 theme study 156:160 arg1 aim 144:146 The aim 140:146 The aim of this study 140:160 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 4 4 theme accelerated 757:767 arg1 conditions 779:788 accelerated stability conditions 757:788 accelerated stability conditions 757:788 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 0 5 theme tablets 96:102 arg1 properties 82:91 the physical properties 69:91 the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits 69:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 0 6 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 82:91 the physical properties 69:91 the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits 69:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 4 7 theme stable 717:722 arg1 tablets 724:730 stable tablets 717:730 stable tablets 717:730 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 1 8 theme Cornus 243:248 arg1 L 254:254 Cornus mas L. 243:255 Cornus mas L. 243:255 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 1 8 theme Cornus 243:248 arg1 fruits 235:240 dried fruits 229:240 dried fruits (Cornus mas L.) 229:256 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 2 9 theme physical 473:480 arg1 properties 482:491 the physical properties 469:491 the physical properties of tablet blends 469:508 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 1 10 theme mas 250:252 arg1 L 254:254 Cornus mas L. 243:255 Cornus mas L. 243:255 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 1 10 theme mas 250:252 arg1 fruits 235:240 dried fruits 229:240 dried fruits (Cornus mas L.) 229:256 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 0 11 theme Cornelian 115:123 arg1 fruits 132:137 Cornelian cherry fruits 115:137 Cornelian cherry fruits 115:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 2 12 theme microcrystalline 340:355 arg1 cellulose 357:365 microcrystalline cellulose 340:365 microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) 340:401 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 13 theme compression 423:433 arg1 pressures 435:443 three different compression pressures 407:443 three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) 407:464 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 13 theme compression 423:433 arg1 MPa 461:463 20, 60 and 100 MPa 446:463 20, 60 and 100 MPa 446:463 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 14 theme pressures 435:443 arg1 types 331:335 two types 327:335 two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) 327:464 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 3 15 theme best 622:625 arg1 properties 636:645 the best physical properties 618:645 the best physical properties 618:645 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 2 16 theme blends 503:508 arg1 properties 482:491 the physical properties 469:491 the physical properties of tablet blends 469:508 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 3 17 contain have 613:616 arg1 Tablets 535:541 Tablets 535:541 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa 535:597 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 3 17 contain have 613:616 arg2 properties 636:645 the best physical properties 618:645 the best physical properties 618:645 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 2 18 theme Avicel® 368:374 arg1 PH 376:377 Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200 368:400 PH 376:377 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 3 19 theme physical 627:634 arg1 properties 636:645 the best physical properties 618:645 the best physical properties 618:645 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 1 20 theme optimal 178:184 arg1 composition 193:203 the optimal tablet composition 174:203 the optimal tablet composition 174:203 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 0 21 theme concentration 13:25 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits 0:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 0 22 theme cherry 125:130 arg1 fruits 132:137 Cornelian cherry fruits 115:137 Cornelian cherry fruits 115:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 1 23 theme tablet 186:191 arg1 composition 193:203 the optimal tablet composition 174:203 the optimal tablet composition 174:203 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 4 24 dep resulted 705:712 arg1 months 793:798 6 months 791:798 6 months 791:798 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 3 25 contain containing 543:552 arg1 Tablets 535:541 Tablets 535:541 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa 535:597 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 3 25 contain containing 543:552 arg2 PH 567:568 50 % Avicel® PH 101 554:572 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa 554:597 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 0 26 theme type 31:34 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits 0:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 4 27 theme pressure 696:703 arg1 combination 653:663 This combination 648:663 This combination of composition and compression pressure 648:703 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 0 28 contain containing 104:113 arg1 tablets 96:102 tablets 96:102 tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits 96:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 0 28 contain containing 104:113 arg2 fruits 132:137 Cornelian cherry fruits 115:137 Cornelian cherry fruits 115:137 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 2 29 theme types 331:335 arg1 % 321:321 12.5, 25 and 50 % 305:321 12.5, 25 and 50 % 305:321 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 29 theme types 331:335 arg1 concentrations 289:302 three different concentrations 273:302 three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) 273:464 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 30 theme Avicel® 387:393 arg1 PH 395:396 Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200 368:400 PH 395:396 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 4 31 dep months 793:798 arg1 °C 804:805 40 °C and 75 % RH 801:817 °C 804:805 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 4 31 dep months 793:798 arg1 % 814:814 40 °C and 75 % RH 801:817 % 814:814 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 2 32 dep cellulose 357:365 arg1 PH 376:377 Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200 368:400 PH 376:377 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 32 dep cellulose 357:365 arg1 PH 395:396 Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200 368:400 PH 395:396 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 0 33 theme microcrystalline 39:54 arg1 cellulose 56:64 microcrystalline cellulose 39:64 microcrystalline cellulose 39:64 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 3 34 theme Avicel® 559:565 arg1 PH 567:568 50 % Avicel® PH 101 554:572 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa 554:597 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 2 35 from tablets 514:520 arg1 properties 482:491 the physical properties 469:491 the physical properties of tablet blends 469:508 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 4 36 theme composition 668:678 arg1 combination 653:663 This combination 648:663 This combination of composition and compression pressure 648:703 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 2 37 theme concentrations 289:302 arg1 effect 263:268 The effect 259:268 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends 259:508 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 37 theme concentrations 289:302 arg1 tablets 514:520 tablets 514:520 tablets 514:520 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 1 38 theme maximum 210:216 arg1 content 218:224 maximum content 210:224 maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.) 210:256 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 3 39 theme 50 554:555 arg1 % 557:557 % 557:557 % 557:557 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 2 40 theme different 279:287 arg1 % 321:321 12.5, 25 and 50 % 305:321 12.5, 25 and 50 % 305:321 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 40 theme different 279:287 arg1 concentrations 289:302 three different concentrations 273:302 three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) 273:464 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 4 41 theme stability 769:777 arg1 conditions 779:788 accelerated stability conditions 757:788 accelerated stability conditions 757:788 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 2 42 theme different 413:421 arg1 pressures 435:443 three different compression pressures 407:443 three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) 407:464 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 2 42 theme different 413:421 arg1 MPa 461:463 20, 60 and 100 MPa 446:463 20, 60 and 100 MPa 446:463 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 3 43 theme % 557:557 arg1 PH 567:568 50 % Avicel® PH 101 554:572 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa 554:597 Tablets containing 50 % Avicel® PH 101 compressed under 100 MPa were found to have the best physical properties. 28590906 4 44 theme compression 684:694 arg1 pressure 696:703 compression pressure 684:703 compression pressure 684:703 This combination of composition and compression pressure resulted in stable tablets even after storage under accelerated stability conditions (6 months, 40 °C and 75 % RH). 28590906 2 45 theme cellulose 357:365 arg1 types 331:335 two types 327:335 two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) 327:464 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 0 46 theme cellulose 56:64 arg1 concentration 13:25 concentration 13:25 concentration 13:25 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 0 46 theme cellulose 56:64 arg1 type 31:34 type 31:34 type 31:34 Influence of concentration and type of microcrystalline cellulose on the physical properties of tablets containing Cornelian cherry fruits. 28590906 2 47 from effect 263:268 arg1 properties 482:491 the physical properties 469:491 the physical properties of tablet blends 469:508 The effect of three different concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %) of two types of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH 101 and Avicel® PH 200) and three different compression pressures (20, 60 and 100 MPa) on the physical properties of tablet blends and tablets was studied. 28590906 1 48 theme dried 229:233 arg1 L 254:254 Cornus mas L. 243:255 Cornus mas L. 243:255 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 28590906 1 48 theme dried 229:233 arg1 fruits 235:240 dried fruits 229:240 dried fruits (Cornus mas L.) 229:256 The aim of this study was to find the optimal tablet composition with maximum content of dried fruits (Cornus mas L.). 26891365 9 0 theme overexpressing 2003:2016 arg1 GWD 2018:2020 overexpressing GWD 2003:2020 overexpressing GWD 2003:2020 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 1 1 theme correct 280:286 arg1 metabolism 295:304 correct starch metabolism 280:304 correct starch metabolism 280:304 Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. 26891365 9 2 theme storage 1754:1760 arg1 branching 1769:1777 the storage starch branching 1750:1777 the storage starch branching 1750:1777 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 7 3 theme deleterious 1481:1491 arg1 effects 1493:1499 deleterious effects 1481:1499 deleterious effects 1481:1499 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 3 4 theme Enzyme 611:616 arg1 isoforms 624:631 all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 584:631 all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 584:631 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 4 theme Enzyme 611:616 arg1 SBE 619:621 SBE 619:621 SBE 619:621 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 5 5 theme starch 920:925 arg1 morphology 935:944 starch granule morphology 920:944 starch granule morphology 920:944 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 8 6 from differences 1656:1666 arg1 maturity 1700:1707 maturity 1700:1707 maturity 1700:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 6 from differences 1656:1666 arg1 morphology 1686:1695 starch granule morphology 1671:1695 starch granule morphology at maturity 1671:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 7 from Investigations 1502:1515 arg1 structure 1537:1545 starch molecular structure 1520:1545 starch molecular structure 1520:1545 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 8 from maturity 1700:1707 arg1 morphology 1686:1695 starch granule morphology 1671:1695 starch granule morphology at maturity 1671:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 8 from maturity 1700:1707 arg1 differences 1656:1666 obvious differences 1648:1666 obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity 1648:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 3 9 theme isoforms 624:631 arg1 suppression 569:579 RNAi suppression 564:579 RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 564:631 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 9 theme isoforms 624:631 arg1 overexpression 636:649 overexpression 636:649 overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD) 636:687 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 5 10 theme starch 889:894 arg1 features 907:914 starch structural features 889:914 starch structural features 889:914 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 7 11 theme protective 1439:1448 arg1 metabolites 1450:1460 potentially protective metabolites 1427:1460 potentially protective metabolites 1427:1460 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 3 12 theme Water 668:672 arg1 GWD 684:686 GWD 684:686 GWD 684:686 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 12 theme Water 668:672 arg1 Dikinase 674:681 potato Glucan Water Dikinase 654:681 potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD) 654:687 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 1 13 theme molecular 232:240 arg1 assembly 242:249 its optimized molecular assembly 218:249 its optimized molecular assembly 218:249 Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. 26891365 8 14 theme molecular 1527:1535 arg1 structure 1537:1545 starch molecular structure 1520:1545 starch molecular structure 1520:1545 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 5 15 from influence 816:824 arg1 composition 876:886 grain composition 870:886 grain composition 870:886 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 5 15 from influence 816:824 arg1 features 907:914 starch structural features 889:914 starch structural features 889:914 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 5 15 from influence 816:824 arg1 metabolism 858:867 primary metabolism 850:867 primary metabolism 850:867 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 5 15 from influence 816:824 arg1 morphology 935:944 starch granule morphology 920:944 starch granule morphology 920:944 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 3 16 theme potato 654:659 arg1 GWD 684:686 GWD 684:686 GWD 684:686 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 16 theme potato 654:659 arg1 Dikinase 674:681 potato Glucan Water Dikinase 654:681 potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD) 654:687 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 7 17 theme stress-related 1396:1409 arg1 metabolites 1411:1421 some important stress-related metabolites 1381:1421 some important stress-related metabolites 1381:1421 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 0 18 theme Glucan 61:66 arg1 Modulation 83:92 Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 61:92 Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 61:92 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 5 19 theme caryopsis 951:959 arg1 development 961:971 caryopsis development 951:971 caryopsis development 951:971 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 9 20 theme caryopsis 1871:1879 arg1 physiology 1881:1890 caryopsis physiology 1871:1890 caryopsis physiology 1871:1890 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 8 21 theme starch 1580:1585 arg1 phosphate 1587:1595 starch phosphate 1580:1595 starch phosphate 1580:1595 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 0 22 theme Dikinase 74:81 arg1 Modulation 83:92 Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 61:92 Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 61:92 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 8 23 from increase 1568:1575 arg1 AO 1627:1628 AO 1627:1628 AO 1627:1628 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 23 from increase 1568:1575 arg1 HP 1620:1621 HP 1620:1621 HP 1620:1621 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 23 from increase 1568:1575 arg1 phosphate 1587:1595 starch phosphate 1580:1595 starch phosphate 1580:1595 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 8 23 from increase 1568:1575 arg1 content 1609:1615 amylose content 1601:1615 amylose content 1601:1615 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 4 24 dep Hyper-Phosphorylated 742:761 arg1 HP 764:765 HP 764:765 HP 764:765 The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. 26891365 3 25 theme phosphate 512:520 arg1 content 522:528 starch-bound phosphate content 499:528 starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch 499:559 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 7 26 theme higher 1245:1250 arg1 accumulation 1258:1269 significantly higher sugar accumulation 1231:1269 significantly higher sugar accumulation 1231:1269 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 0 27 theme Starch 0:5 arg1 Re-Structuring 15:28 Starch Granule Re-Structuring 0:28 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 0:92 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 7 28 theme high 1366:1369 arg1 levels 1371:1376 high levels 1366:1376 high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites 1366:1460 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 3 29 theme micro-structure 424:438 arg1 Modulation 402:411 Modulation 402:411 Modulation of granule micro-structure 402:438 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 30 theme barley 537:542 arg1 starch 554:559 the barley caryopsis starch 533:559 the barley caryopsis starch 533:559 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 7 31 theme Metabolite 1200:1209 arg1 profiling 1211:1219 Metabolite profiling 1200:1219 Metabolite profiling 1200:1219 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 0 32 theme Starch 33:38 arg1 Enzyme 50:55 Starch Branching Enzyme 33:55 Starch Branching Enzyme 33:55 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 5 33 theme alterations 835:845 arg1 influence 816:824 the influence 812:824 the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology 812:944 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 6 34 theme little 1069:1074 arg1 effect 1076:1081 relatively little effect 1058:1081 relatively little effect 1058:1081 While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. 26891365 3 35 theme RNAi 564:567 arg1 suppression 569:579 RNAi suppression 564:579 RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 564:631 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 5 36 theme primary 850:856 arg1 metabolism 858:867 primary metabolism 850:867 primary metabolism 850:867 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 8 37 theme starch 1671:1676 arg1 morphology 1686:1695 starch granule morphology 1671:1695 starch granule morphology at maturity 1671:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 9 38 from effects 1860:1866 arg1 physiology 1881:1890 caryopsis physiology 1871:1890 caryopsis physiology 1871:1890 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 9 38 from effects 1860:1866 arg1 performance 1902:1912 plant performance 1896:1912 plant performance 1896:1912 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 5 39 theme grain 1026:1030 arg1 maturity 1032:1039 grain maturity 1026:1039 grain maturity 1026:1039 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 7 40 theme amino 1323:1327 arg1 acids 1329:1333 amino acids 1323:1333 amino acids 1323:1333 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 3 41 from content 522:528 arg1 starch 554:559 the barley caryopsis starch 533:559 the barley caryopsis starch 533:559 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 6 42 theme starch 1119:1124 arg1 accumulation 1126:1137 starch accumulation 1119:1137 starch accumulation 1119:1137 While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. 26891365 9 43 theme GWD 2018:2020 arg1 phosphate 1978:1986 starch-bound phosphate 1965:1986 starch-bound phosphate 1965:1986 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 9 43 theme GWD 2018:2020 arg1 result 1993:1998 a result 1991:1998 a result of overexpressing GWD 1991:2020 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 2 44 theme starch 325:330 arg1 granules 332:339 starch granules 325:339 starch granules in-planta 325:349 Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. 26891365 1 45 theme starch 288:293 arg1 metabolism 295:304 correct starch metabolism 280:304 correct starch metabolism 280:304 Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. 26891365 9 46 theme starch 1762:1767 arg1 branching 1769:1777 the storage starch branching 1750:1777 the storage starch branching 1750:1777 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 6 47 from reduction 1106:1114 arg1 accumulation 1126:1137 starch accumulation 1119:1137 starch accumulation 1119:1137 While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. 26891365 3 48 theme Branching 601:609 arg1 isoforms 624:631 all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 584:631 all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 584:631 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 48 theme Branching 601:609 arg1 SBE 619:621 SBE 619:621 SBE 619:621 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 1 49 theme plant 179:183 arg1 development 185:195 plant development 179:195 plant development 179:195 Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. 26891365 3 50 theme starch 467:472 arg1 branching 474:482 starch branching 467:482 starch branching 467:482 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 5 51 theme granule 927:933 arg1 morphology 935:944 starch granule morphology 920:944 starch granule morphology 920:944 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 9 52 theme metabolic 1791:1799 arg1 adjustments 1801:1811 metabolic adjustments 1791:1811 metabolic adjustments 1791:1811 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 2 53 theme in-planta 341:349 arg1 Re-structuring 307:320 Re-structuring 307:320 Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta 307:349 Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. 26891365 8 54 theme starch 1520:1525 arg1 structure 1537:1545 starch molecular structure 1520:1545 starch molecular structure 1520:1545 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 3 55 theme Glucan 661:666 arg1 GWD 684:686 GWD 684:686 GWD 684:686 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 55 theme Glucan 661:666 arg1 Dikinase 674:681 potato Glucan Water Dikinase 654:681 potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD) 654:687 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 5 56 theme structural 896:905 arg1 features 907:914 starch structural features 889:914 starch structural features 889:914 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 7 57 theme metabolites 1450:1460 arg1 levels 1371:1376 high levels 1366:1376 high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites 1366:1460 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 4 58 theme resulting 694:702 arg1 lines 704:708 The resulting lines 690:708 The resulting lines 690:708 The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. 26891365 7 59 theme sugar 1252:1256 arg1 accumulation 1258:1269 significantly higher sugar accumulation 1231:1269 significantly higher sugar accumulation 1231:1269 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 8 60 theme significant 1556:1566 arg1 increase 1568:1575 significant increase 1556:1575 significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO 1556:1628 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 7 61 contain had 1362:1364 arg1 it 1354:1355 it 1354:1355 it 1354:1355 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 7 61 contain had 1362:1364 arg2 levels 1371:1376 high levels 1366:1376 high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites 1366:1460 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 9 62 theme deleterious 1848:1858 arg1 effects 1860:1866 deleterious effects 1848:1866 deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance 1848:1912 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 7 63 theme metabolites 1411:1421 arg1 levels 1371:1376 high levels 1366:1376 high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites 1366:1460 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 4 64 theme starch 768:773 arg1 chemotypes 775:784 Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes 742:784 Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes 742:784 The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. 26891365 0 65 theme Water 68:72 arg1 Modulation 83:92 Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 61:92 Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 61:92 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 3 66 theme Dikinase 674:681 arg1 suppression 569:579 RNAi suppression 564:579 RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 564:631 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 66 theme Dikinase 674:681 arg1 overexpression 636:649 overexpression 636:649 overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD) 636:687 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 7 67 theme important 1386:1394 arg1 metabolites 1411:1421 some important stress-related metabolites 1381:1421 some important stress-related metabolites 1381:1421 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 3 68 theme granule 416:422 arg1 micro-structure 424:438 granule micro-structure 416:438 granule micro-structure 416:438 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 8 69 theme amylose 1601:1607 arg1 content 1609:1615 amylose content 1601:1615 amylose content 1601:1615 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 4 70 theme Hyper-Phosphorylated 742:761 arg1 chemotypes 775:784 Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes 742:784 Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes 742:784 The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. 26891365 0 71 theme Caryopsis 102:110 arg1 Physiology 112:121 Caryopsis Physiology 102:121 Caryopsis Physiology 102:121 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 2 72 theme granules 332:339 arg1 in-planta 341:349 starch granules in-planta 325:349 starch granules in-planta 325:349 Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. 26891365 9 73 theme plant 1896:1900 arg1 performance 1902:1912 plant performance 1896:1912 plant performance 1896:1912 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 0 74 theme Granule 7:13 arg1 Re-Structuring 15:28 Starch Granule Re-Structuring 0:28 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation 0:92 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 6 75 theme significant 1094:1104 arg1 reduction 1106:1114 significant reduction 1094:1114 significant reduction in starch accumulation 1094:1137 While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. 26891365 9 76 theme little 1925:1930 arg1 effect 1932:1937 only little effect 1920:1937 only little effect 1920:1937 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 3 77 theme starch-bound 499:510 arg1 content 522:528 starch-bound phosphate content 499:528 starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch 499:559 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 5 78 theme grain 870:874 arg1 composition 876:886 grain composition 870:886 grain composition 870:886 We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. 26891365 8 79 theme obvious 1648:1654 arg1 differences 1656:1666 obvious differences 1648:1666 obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity 1648:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 3 80 theme caryopsis 544:552 arg1 starch 554:559 the barley caryopsis starch 533:559 the barley caryopsis starch 533:559 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 0 81 theme Branching 40:48 arg1 Enzyme 50:55 Starch Branching Enzyme 33:55 Starch Branching Enzyme 33:55 Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. 26891365 1 82 theme optimized 222:230 arg1 assembly 242:249 its optimized molecular assembly 218:249 its optimized molecular assembly 218:249 Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. 26891365 6 83 theme β-glucan 1172:1179 arg1 accumulation 1186:1197 protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation 1160:1197 protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation 1160:1197 While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. 26891365 9 84 theme starch-bound 1965:1976 arg1 phosphate 1978:1986 starch-bound phosphate 1965:1986 starch-bound phosphate 1965:1986 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 9 84 theme starch-bound 1965:1976 arg1 result 1993:1998 a result 1991:1998 a result of overexpressing GWD 1991:2020 The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. 26891365 8 85 theme granule 1678:1684 arg1 morphology 1686:1695 starch granule morphology 1671:1695 starch granule morphology at maturity 1671:1707 Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. 26891365 1 86 theme fundamental 152:162 arg1 importance 164:173 fundamental importance 152:173 fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction 152:212 Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. 26891365 2 87 theme plant 384:388 arg1 metabolism 390:399 plant metabolism 384:399 plant metabolism 384:399 Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. 26891365 6 88 theme protein 1160:1166 arg1 accumulation 1186:1197 protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation 1160:1197 protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation 1160:1197 While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. 26891365 7 89 theme carbon 1302:1307 arg1 re-partitioning 1283:1297 re-partitioning 1283:1297 re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids 1283:1333 Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. 26891365 3 90 theme Starch 594:599 arg1 isoforms 624:631 all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 584:631 all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms 584:631 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 26891365 3 90 theme Starch 594:599 arg1 SBE 619:621 SBE 619:621 SBE 619:621 Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). 24657943 6 0 theme fragments 999:1007 arg1 -β-D-glucan 977:987 (1,3)-β-D-glucan 972:987 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) 972:1056 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 10 1 theme fungal 1838:1843 arg1 fragments 1845:1853 submicron fungal fragments 1828:1853 submicron fungal fragments 1828:1853 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 8 2 theme asthmatic 1434:1442 arg1 child 1444:1448 an asthmatic child 1431:1448 an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1431:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 3 from concentration 1365:1377 arg1 bedroom 1409:1415 child׳s bedroom 1401:1415 child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1401:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 2 4 theme health 333:338 arg1 effects 340:346 adverse health effects 325:346 adverse health effects 325:346 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 9 5 from concentration 1625:1637 arg1 Pearson 1690:1696 Pearson 1690:1696 Pearson 1690:1696 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 9 5 from concentration 1625:1637 arg1 fragments 1679:1687 submicron fungal fragments 1662:1687 submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1662:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 12 6 theme fine 2128:2131 arg1 particles 2140:2148 fine fungal particles 2128:2148 fine fungal particles 2128:2148 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 8 7 theme non-asthmatic 1518:1530 arg1 P<0.001 1557:1563 P<0.001 1557:1563 P<0.001 1557:1563 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 7 theme non-asthmatic 1518:1530 arg1 children 1532:1539 non-asthmatic children 1518:1539 non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001) 1518:1564 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 7 theme non-asthmatic 1518:1530 arg1 pg/m 1547:1550 23.0 pg/m(3) 1542:1553 23.0 pg/m(3) 1542:1553 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 8 with homes 1420:1424 arg1 child 1444:1448 an asthmatic child 1431:1448 an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1431:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 3 9 with homes 601:605 arg1 children 622:629 asthmatic children 612:629 asthmatic children 612:629 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 7 10 theme non-asthmatic 1309:1321 arg1 P<0.001 1348:1354 P<0.001 1348:1354 P<0.001 1348:1354 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 10 theme non-asthmatic 1309:1321 arg1 children 1323:1330 non-asthmatic children 1309:1330 non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001) 1309:1355 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 10 theme non-asthmatic 1309:1321 arg1 pg/m 1338:1341 26.7 pg/m(3) 1333:1344 26.7 pg/m(3) 1333:1344 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 5 11 dep METHODS 753:759 arg1 We 761:762 We 761:762 We 761:762 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 7 12 from concentration 1140:1152 arg1 fragments 1194:1202 submicron fungal fragments 1177:1202 submicron fungal fragments in indoor air 1177:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 9 13 theme -β-D-glucan 1647:1657 arg1 concentration 1625:1637 the concentration 1621:1637 the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1621:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 3 14 theme fungal 510:515 arg1 particles 517:525 fine fungal particles 505:525 fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes 505:552 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 6 15 used used 1062:1065 arg2 -β-D-glucan 977:987 (1,3)-β-D-glucan 972:987 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) 972:1056 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 9 16 theme submicron 1662:1670 arg1 Pearson 1690:1696 Pearson 1690:1696 Pearson 1690:1696 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 9 16 theme submicron 1662:1670 arg1 fragments 1679:1687 submicron fungal fragments 1662:1687 submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1662:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 7 17 theme asthmatic 1252:1260 arg1 pg/m 1277:1280 50.9 pg/m(3) 1272:1283 50.9 pg/m(3) 1272:1283 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 17 theme asthmatic 1252:1260 arg1 children 1262:1269 asthmatic children 1252:1269 asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) 1252:1284 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 10 18 theme non-asthmatic 1878:1890 arg1 children 1892:1899 non-asthmatic children 1878:1899 non-asthmatic children 1878:1899 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 8 19 from bedroom 1409:1415 arg1 homes 1420:1424 homes 1420:1424 homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1420:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 3 20 theme health 538:543 arg1 outcomes 545:552 adverse health outcomes 530:552 adverse health outcomes 530:552 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 5 21 theme two-stage 953:961 arg1 sampler 963:969 the NIOSH two-stage sampler 943:969 the NIOSH two-stage sampler 943:969 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 5 22 theme submicron 843:851 arg1 fragments 860:868 sampled submicron fungal fragments 835:868 sampled submicron fungal fragments 835:868 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 12 23 theme relative 2058:2065 arg1 humidity 2067:2074 relative humidity 2058:2074 relative humidity 2058:2074 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 4 24 theme smaller-sized 671:683 arg1 particles 692:700 smaller-sized fungal particles 671:700 smaller-sized fungal particles 671:700 We characterized the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children. 24657943 5 25 theme living 875:880 arg1 room 882:885 a living room 873:885 a living room 873:885 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 1 26 theme positive 122:129 arg1 association 131:141 a positive association 120:141 a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma) 120:225 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 1 27 theme moldy 151:155 arg1 environments 157:168 moldy environments 151:168 moldy environments 151:168 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 7 28 theme mean 1130:1133 arg1 concentration 1140:1152 the geometric mean (GM) concentration 1116:1152 the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air 1116:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 2 29 theme submicron 238:246 arg1 <1.0 266:269 <1.0 μm 266:272 <1.0 μm 266:272 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 29 theme submicron 238:246 arg1 fragments 255:263 submicron fungal fragments 238:263 submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) 238:273 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 29 theme submicron 238:246 arg1 contributor 310:320 a potential contributor 298:320 a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size 298:461 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 5 30 theme asthmatic 815:823 arg1 child 825:829 an asthmatic child 812:829 (n=14) an asthmatic child 805:829 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 5 30 theme asthmatic 815:823 arg1 n=14 806:809 n=14 806:809 n=14 806:809 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 1 31 dep OBJECTIVES 74:83 arg1 indicates 110:118 indicates 110:118 indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma) 110:225 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 10 32 with homes 1867:1871 arg1 children 1892:1899 non-asthmatic children 1878:1899 non-asthmatic children 1878:1899 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 12 33 with homes 2197:2201 arg1 diseases 2217:2224 allergic diseases 2208:2224 allergic diseases 2208:2224 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 2 34 dep -β-D-glucan 422:432 arg1 1,3 418:420 1,3 418:420 1,3 418:420 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 11 35 theme asthmatic 1982:1990 arg1 child 1992:1996 an asthmatic child 1979:1996 an asthmatic child 1979:1996 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles may occur in homes with an asthmatic child as relative humidity decreases. 24657943 4 36 theme asthmatic 733:741 arg1 children 743:750 asthmatic children 733:750 asthmatic children 733:750 We characterized the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children. 24657943 0 37 theme asthmatic 54:62 arg1 children 64:71 asthmatic children 54:71 asthmatic children 54:71 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 4 38 theme particles 692:700 arg1 level 662:666 the airborne level 649:666 the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children 649:750 We characterized the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children. 24657943 2 39 theme biological 361:370 arg1 composition 372:382 their biological composition 355:382 their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size 355:461 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 1 40 theme Much 85:88 arg1 evidence 101:108 Much scientific evidence 85:108 Much scientific evidence 85:108 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 12 41 from control 2047:2053 arg1 air 2086:2088 indoor air 2079:2088 indoor air 2079:2088 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 11 42 theme greater 1904:1910 arg1 exposure 1912:1919 A greater exposure 1902:1919 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles 1902:1953 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles may occur in homes with an asthmatic child as relative humidity decreases. 24657943 7 43 theme fungal 1187:1192 arg1 fragments 1194:1202 submicron fungal fragments 1177:1202 submicron fungal fragments in indoor air 1177:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 0 44 theme fungal 23:28 arg1 fragments 30:38 submicron fungal fragments 13:38 submicron fungal fragments 13:38 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 9 45 theme relative 1571:1578 arg1 humidity 1580:1587 The relative humidity 1567:1587 The relative humidity 1567:1587 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 9 46 contain had 1589:1591 arg2 correlation 1604:1614 a negative correlation 1593:1614 a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1593:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 9 46 contain had 1589:1591 arg1 humidity 1580:1587 The relative humidity 1567:1587 The relative humidity 1567:1587 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 2 47 theme adverse 325:331 arg1 effects 340:346 adverse health effects 325:346 adverse health effects 325:346 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 5 48 theme NIOSH 947:951 arg1 sampler 963:969 the NIOSH two-stage sampler 943:969 the NIOSH two-stage sampler 943:969 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 6 49 theme lysate 1039:1044 arg1 LAL 1053:1055 LAL 1053:1055 LAL 1053:1055 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 6 49 theme lysate 1039:1044 arg1 assay 1046:1050 Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay 1021:1050 Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) 1021:1056 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 7 50 with homes 1298:1302 arg1 P<0.001 1348:1354 P<0.001 1348:1354 P<0.001 1348:1354 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 50 with homes 1298:1302 arg1 children 1323:1330 non-asthmatic children 1309:1330 non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001) 1309:1355 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 50 with homes 1298:1302 arg1 pg/m 1338:1341 26.7 pg/m(3) 1333:1344 26.7 pg/m(3) 1333:1344 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 51 from fragments 1194:1202 arg1 air 1214:1216 indoor air 1207:1216 indoor air 1207:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 6 52 theme Limulus 1021:1027 arg1 LAL 1053:1055 LAL 1053:1055 LAL 1053:1055 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 6 52 theme Limulus 1021:1027 arg1 assay 1046:1050 Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay 1021:1050 Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) 1021:1056 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 9 53 theme negative 1595:1602 arg1 correlation 1604:1614 a negative correlation 1593:1614 a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1593:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 12 54 theme fungal 2133:2138 arg1 particles 2140:2148 fine fungal particles 2128:2148 fine fungal particles 2128:2148 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 11 55 theme fungal 1938:1943 arg1 particles 1945:1953 smaller-sized fungal particles 1924:1953 smaller-sized fungal particles 1924:1953 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles may occur in homes with an asthmatic child as relative humidity decreases. 24657943 10 56 theme fragments 1845:1853 arg1 concentration 1811:1823 a higher concentration 1802:1823 a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments 1802:1853 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 6 57 theme fungal 992:997 arg1 fragments 999:1007 fungal fragments 992:1007 fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) 992:1056 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 10 58 theme submicron 1828:1836 arg1 fragments 1845:1853 submicron fungal fragments 1828:1853 submicron fungal fragments 1828:1853 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 9 59 with correlation 1604:1614 arg1 concentration 1625:1637 the concentration 1621:1637 the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1621:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 8 60 theme three 1475:1479 arg1 concentration 1365:1377 The GM concentration 1358:1377 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1358:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 60 theme three 1475:1479 arg1 times 1481:1485 times 1481:1485 times 1481:1485 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 1 61 theme respiratory 174:184 arg1 illnesses 186:194 illnesses 186:194 illnesses 186:194 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 12 62 theme microorganisms 2179:2192 arg1 growth 2169:2174 the growth 2165:2174 the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases 2165:2224 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 3 63 theme fine 505:508 arg1 particles 517:525 fine fungal particles 505:525 fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes 505:552 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 9 64 dep Pearson 1690:1696 arg1 P=0.046 1718:1724 P=0.046 1718:1724 P=0.046 1718:1724 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 10 65 dep CONCLUSIONS 1728:1738 arg1 indicate 1753:1760 indicate 1753:1760 indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children 1753:1899 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 10 66 with homes 1767:1771 arg1 children 1788:1795 asthmatic children 1778:1795 asthmatic children 1778:1795 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 3 67 theme exposure 493:500 arg1 contribution 477:488 the contribution 473:488 the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes 473:552 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 9 68 theme fungal 1672:1677 arg1 Pearson 1690:1696 Pearson 1690:1696 Pearson 1690:1696 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 9 68 theme fungal 1672:1677 arg1 fragments 1679:1687 submicron fungal fragments 1662:1687 submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046) 1662:1725 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 3 69 theme adverse 530:536 arg1 outcomes 545:552 adverse health outcomes 530:552 adverse health outcomes 530:552 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 9 70 dep -β-D-glucan 1647:1657 arg1 1,3 1643:1645 1,3 1643:1645 1,3 1643:1645 The relative humidity had a negative correlation with the concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments (Pearson coefficient=-0.257, P=0.046). 24657943 5 71 theme sampled 835:841 arg1 fragments 860:868 sampled submicron fungal fragments 835:868 sampled submicron fungal fragments 835:868 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 12 72 theme humidity 2067:2074 arg1 necessary 2093:2101 necessary 2093:2101 necessary 2093:2101 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 12 72 theme humidity 2067:2074 arg1 control 2047:2053 The very careful control 2030:2053 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air 2030:2088 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 4 73 theme airborne 653:660 arg1 level 662:666 the airborne level 649:666 the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children 649:750 We characterized the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children. 24657943 12 74 from growth 2169:2174 arg1 homes 2197:2201 homes 2197:2201 homes with allergic diseases 2197:2224 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 5 75 theme fungal 853:858 arg1 fragments 860:868 sampled submicron fungal fragments 835:868 sampled submicron fungal fragments 835:868 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 12 76 theme indoor 2079:2084 arg1 air 2086:2088 indoor air 2079:2088 indoor air 2079:2088 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 11 77 with homes 1968:1972 arg1 child 1992:1996 an asthmatic child 1979:1996 an asthmatic child 1979:1996 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles may occur in homes with an asthmatic child as relative humidity decreases. 24657943 7 78 theme geometric 1120:1128 arg1 GM 1136:1137 GM 1136:1137 GM 1136:1137 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 78 theme geometric 1120:1128 arg1 mean 1130:1133 the geometric mean 1116:1133 the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air 1116:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 2 79 theme fungal 248:253 arg1 <1.0 266:269 <1.0 μm 266:272 <1.0 μm 266:272 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 79 theme fungal 248:253 arg1 fragments 255:263 submicron fungal fragments 238:263 submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) 238:273 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 79 theme fungal 248:253 arg1 contributor 310:320 a potential contributor 298:320 a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size 298:461 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 12 80 theme careful 2039:2045 arg1 necessary 2093:2101 necessary 2093:2101 necessary 2093:2101 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 12 80 theme careful 2039:2045 arg1 control 2047:2053 The very careful control 2030:2053 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air 2030:2088 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 8 81 dep child 1444:1448 arg1 3 1461:1461 3 1461:1461 3 1461:1461 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 81 dep child 1444:1448 arg1 pg/m 1456:1459 66.1 pg/m 1451:1459 66.1 pg/m(3) 1451:1462 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 0 82 from level 4:8 arg1 homes 43:47 homes 43:47 homes with asthmatic children 43:71 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 10 83 theme asthmatic 1778:1786 arg1 children 1788:1795 asthmatic children 1778:1795 asthmatic children 1778:1795 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 7 84 with homes 1241:1245 arg1 pg/m 1277:1280 50.9 pg/m(3) 1272:1283 50.9 pg/m(3) 1272:1283 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 7 84 with homes 1241:1245 arg1 children 1262:1269 asthmatic children 1252:1269 asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) 1252:1284 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 11 85 theme relative 2001:2008 arg1 humidity 2010:2017 relative humidity 2001:2017 relative humidity 2001:2017 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles may occur in homes with an asthmatic child as relative humidity decreases. 24657943 7 86 theme indoor 1207:1212 arg1 air 1214:1216 indoor air 1207:1216 indoor air 1207:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 2 87 theme small 452:456 arg1 size 458:461 their small size 446:461 their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size 355:461 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 8 88 with homes 1507:1511 arg1 P<0.001 1557:1563 P<0.001 1557:1563 P<0.001 1557:1563 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 88 with homes 1507:1511 arg1 children 1532:1539 non-asthmatic children 1518:1539 non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001) 1518:1564 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 88 with homes 1507:1511 arg1 pg/m 1547:1550 23.0 pg/m(3) 1542:1553 23.0 pg/m(3) 1542:1553 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 11 89 theme smaller-sized 1924:1936 arg1 particles 1945:1953 smaller-sized fungal particles 1924:1953 smaller-sized fungal particles 1924:1953 A greater exposure to smaller-sized fungal particles may occur in homes with an asthmatic child as relative humidity decreases. 24657943 8 90 theme GM 1362:1363 arg1 concentration 1365:1377 The GM concentration 1358:1377 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1358:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 90 theme GM 1362:1363 arg1 times 1481:1485 times 1481:1485 times 1481:1485 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 91 dep times 1481:1485 arg1 higher 1487:1492 higher 1487:1492 higher 1487:1492 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 4 92 theme fungal 685:690 arg1 particles 692:700 smaller-sized fungal particles 671:700 smaller-sized fungal particles 671:700 We characterized the airborne level of smaller-sized fungal particles between homes with and without asthmatic children. 24657943 3 93 from particles 517:525 arg1 outcomes 545:552 adverse health outcomes 530:552 adverse health outcomes 530:552 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 0 94 theme submicron 13:21 arg1 fragments 30:38 submicron fungal fragments 13:38 submicron fungal fragments 13:38 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 1 95 theme scientific 90:99 arg1 evidence 101:108 Much scientific evidence 85:108 Much scientific evidence 85:108 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 7 96 theme submicron 1177:1185 arg1 fragments 1194:1202 submicron fungal fragments 1177:1202 submicron fungal fragments in indoor air 1177:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 12 97 theme allergic 2208:2215 arg1 diseases 2217:2224 allergic diseases 2208:2224 allergic diseases 2208:2224 The very careful control of relative humidity in indoor air is necessary for reducing exposure to fine fungal particles and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in homes with allergic diseases. 24657943 10 98 contain have 1797:1800 arg2 concentration 1811:1823 a higher concentration 1802:1823 a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments 1802:1853 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 10 98 contain have 1797:1800 arg1 homes 1767:1771 homes 1767:1771 homes with asthmatic children 1767:1795 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 6 99 dep -β-D-glucan 977:987 arg1 1,3 973:975 1,3 973:975 1,3 973:975 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 0 100 theme fragments 30:38 arg1 level 4:8 The level 0:8 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children 0:71 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 7 101 theme -β-D-glucan 1162:1172 arg1 concentration 1140:1152 the geometric mean (GM) concentration 1116:1152 the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air 1116:1216 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 102 theme particles 1388:1396 arg1 concentration 1365:1377 The GM concentration 1358:1377 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1358:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 102 theme particles 1388:1396 arg1 times 1481:1485 times 1481:1485 times 1481:1485 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 8 103 theme child׳s 1401:1407 arg1 bedroom 1409:1415 child׳s bedroom 1401:1415 child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) 1401:1463 The GM concentration of these particles in child׳s bedroom in homes with an asthmatic child (66.1 pg/m(3)) was about three times higher than that in homes with non-asthmatic children (23.0 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 3 104 theme asthmatic 612:620 arg1 children 622:629 asthmatic children 612:629 asthmatic children 612:629 However, the contribution of exposure to fine fungal particles on adverse health outcomes has been poorly characterized, particularly in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 2 105 dep antigens 391:398 arg1 e.g. 385:388 e.g. 385:388 e.g. 385:388 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 7 106 dep -β-D-glucan 1162:1172 arg1 1,3 1158:1160 1,3 1158:1160 1,3 1158:1160 RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean (GM) concentration of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments in indoor air was two-fold higher in homes with asthmatic children (50.9 pg/m(3)) compared to homes with non-asthmatic children (26.7 pg/m(3)) (P<0.001). 24657943 6 107 theme Amebocyte 1029:1037 arg1 LAL 1053:1055 LAL 1053:1055 LAL 1053:1055 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 6 107 theme Amebocyte 1029:1037 arg1 assay 1046:1050 Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay 1021:1050 Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) 1021:1056 (1,3)-β-D-glucan of fungal fragments analyzed by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay (LAL) was used for quantifying their exposure. 24657943 10 108 theme higher 1804:1809 arg1 concentration 1811:1823 a higher concentration 1802:1823 a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments 1802:1853 CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that homes with asthmatic children have a higher concentration of submicron fungal fragments compared to homes with non-asthmatic children. 24657943 1 109 dep asthma 219:224 arg1 e.g. 213:216 e.g. 213:216 e.g. 213:216 OBJECTIVES Much scientific evidence indicates a positive association between moldy environments and respiratory illnesses and/or symptoms (e.g., asthma). 24657943 0 110 with homes 43:47 arg1 children 64:71 asthmatic children 54:71 asthmatic children 54:71 The level of submicron fungal fragments in homes with asthmatic children. 24657943 2 111 theme potential 300:308 arg1 fragments 255:263 submicron fungal fragments 238:263 submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) 238:273 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 111 theme potential 300:308 arg1 contributor 310:320 a potential contributor 298:320 a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size 298:461 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 5 112 theme outdoor 919:925 arg1 sampling 927:934 outdoor sampling 919:934 outdoor sampling 919:934 METHODS We visited 29 homes with (n=15) and without (n=14) an asthmatic child and sampled submicron fungal fragments in a living room and child׳s bedroom, along with outdoor sampling, using the NIOSH two-stage sampler. 24657943 2 113 dep composition 372:382 arg1 antigens 391:398 antigens 391:398 antigens 391:398 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 113 dep composition 372:382 arg1 mycotoxins 401:410 mycotoxins 401:410 mycotoxins 401:410 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 24657943 2 113 dep composition 372:382 arg1 -β-D-glucan 422:432 (1,3)-β-D-glucan 417:432 (1,3)-β-D-glucan 417:432 Recently, submicron fungal fragments (<1.0 μm) have been suggested as a potential contributor to adverse health effects due to their biological composition (e.g., antigens, mycotoxins, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan) as well as their small size. 27473276 4 0 theme dynamic 958:964 arg1 conditions 966:975 more dynamic conditions 953:975 more dynamic conditions 953:975 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 5 1 theme phospholipids 1233:1245 arg1 impact 1208:1213 a concentration dependent impact 1182:1213 a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole 1182:1291 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 1 2 theme several 172:178 arg1 constituents 180:191 several constituents 172:191 several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition 172:311 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 5 3 theme supersaturation 1396:1410 arg1 degrees 1385:1391 the highest degrees 1373:1391 the highest degrees of supersaturation 1373:1410 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 5 4 theme bile 1334:1337 arg1 salts 1339:1343 bile salts 1334:1343 bile salts 1334:1343 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 0 5 theme In 79:80 arg1 evaluation 88:97 In vitro evaluation 79:97 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 0:144 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 5 6 theme precipitation 1254:1266 arg1 behavior 1268:1275 the precipitation behavior 1250:1275 the precipitation behavior of itraconazole 1250:1291 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 1 7 with constituents 180:191 arg1 affinity 198:205 affinity 198:205 affinity for cyclodextrins 198:223 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 1 8 theme cyclodextrin 278:289 arg1 cavity 291:296 the cyclodextrin cavity 274:296 the cyclodextrin cavity 274:296 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 5 9 theme bile 1218:1221 arg1 salts 1223:1227 bile salts 1218:1227 bile salts 1218:1227 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 3 10 from solubility 559:568 arg1 presence 589:596 presence 589:596 presence of cyclodextrins 589:613 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 6 11 theme intestinal 1586:1595 arg1 composition 1603:1613 the variable intestinal fluid composition 1573:1613 the variable intestinal fluid composition 1573:1613 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 3 12 theme bile 784:787 arg1 salt 789:792 bile salt and phospholipid concentrations 784:824 salt 789:792 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 3 13 theme cyclodextrins 601:613 arg1 presence 589:596 presence 589:596 presence of cyclodextrins 589:613 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 0 14 dep supersaturation 102:116 arg1 behavior 136:143 behavior 136:143 behavior 136:143 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 5 15 theme itraconazole 1474:1485 arg1 precipitation 1487:1499 stronger itraconazole precipitation 1465:1499 stronger itraconazole precipitation 1465:1499 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 5 16 theme phospholipids 1349:1361 arg1 concentrations 1316:1329 high concentrations 1311:1329 high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids 1311:1361 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 4 17 theme solutions 1059:1067 arg1 transfer 1039:1046 the gastrointestinal transfer 1018:1046 the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole 1018:1095 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 5 18 theme salts 1223:1227 arg1 impact 1208:1213 a concentration dependent impact 1182:1213 a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole 1182:1291 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 0 19 theme supersaturation 102:116 arg1 evaluation 88:97 In vitro evaluation 79:97 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 0:144 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 0 20 from complexes 47:55 arg1 Displacement 0:11 Displacement 0:11 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 0:144 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 0 20 from complexes 47:55 arg1 media 72:76 biorelevant media 60:76 biorelevant media 60:76 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 3 21 theme solubility 889:898 arg1 studies 900:906 solubility studies 889:906 solubility studies 889:906 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 4 22 dep in 981:982 arg1 vitro 984:988 vitro 984:988 vitro 984:988 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 2 23 theme solubilizing 333:344 arg1 capacity 346:353 the solubilizing capacity 329:353 the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole 329:414 In this study, the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole was studied in presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. 27473276 5 24 theme later 1504:1508 arg1 points 1515:1520 later time points 1504:1520 later time points 1504:1520 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 6 25 theme composition 1603:1613 arg1 impact 1563:1568 the possible impact 1550:1568 the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations 1550:1669 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 0 26 dep In 79:80 arg1 vitro 82:86 vitro 82:86 vitro 82:86 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 2 27 theme phosphatidylcholine 467:485 arg1 presence 431:438 presence 431:438 presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine 431:485 In this study, the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole was studied in presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. 27473276 5 28 theme high 1311:1314 arg1 concentrations 1316:1329 high concentrations 1311:1329 high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids 1311:1361 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 1 29 from cavity 291:296 arg1 potential 239:247 the potential 235:247 the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity 235:296 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 2 30 theme salts 457:461 arg1 presence 431:438 presence 431:438 presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine 431:485 In this study, the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole was studied in presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. 27473276 0 31 theme itraconazole 16:27 arg1 Displacement 0:11 Displacement 0:11 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 0:144 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 0 32 theme precipitation 122:134 arg1 evaluation 88:97 In vitro evaluation 79:97 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 0:144 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 2 33 theme bile 452:455 arg1 salts 457:461 selected bile salts 443:461 selected bile salts 443:461 In this study, the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole was studied in presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. 27473276 6 34 theme variable 1577:1584 arg1 composition 1603:1613 the variable intestinal fluid composition 1573:1613 the variable intestinal fluid composition 1573:1613 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 3 35 theme phospholipid 798:809 arg1 concentrations 811:824 bile salt and phospholipid concentrations 784:824 concentrations 811:824 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 4 36 theme gastrointestinal 1022:1037 arg1 transfer 1039:1046 the gastrointestinal transfer 1018:1046 the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole 1018:1095 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 5 37 theme dependent 1198:1206 arg1 impact 1208:1213 a concentration dependent impact 1182:1213 a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole 1182:1291 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 5 38 theme stronger 1465:1472 arg1 precipitation 1487:1499 stronger itraconazole precipitation 1465:1499 stronger itraconazole precipitation 1465:1499 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 2 39 theme selected 443:450 arg1 salts 457:461 selected bile salts 443:461 selected bile salts 443:461 In this study, the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole was studied in presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. 27473276 0 40 theme cyclodextrin 34:45 arg1 complexes 47:55 cyclodextrin complexes 34:55 cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media 34:76 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 5 41 theme salts 1339:1343 arg1 concentrations 1316:1329 high concentrations 1311:1329 high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids 1311:1361 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 5 42 theme highest 1377:1383 arg1 degrees 1385:1391 the highest degrees 1373:1391 the highest degrees of supersaturation 1373:1410 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 4 43 theme HP-β-CD 1051:1057 arg1 solutions 1059:1067 HP-β-CD solutions 1051:1067 HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole 1051:1095 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 0 44 theme biorelevant 60:70 arg1 media 72:76 biorelevant media 60:76 biorelevant media 60:76 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 5 45 theme itraconazole 1280:1291 arg1 behavior 1268:1275 the precipitation behavior 1250:1275 the precipitation behavior of itraconazole 1250:1291 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 5 46 from impact 1208:1213 arg1 behavior 1268:1275 the precipitation behavior 1250:1275 the precipitation behavior of itraconazole 1250:1291 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 3 47 theme concentrated 632:643 arg1 solutions 645:653 concentrated solutions 632:653 concentrated solutions of these bile constituents 632:680 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 1 48 contain contain 164:170 arg2 constituents 180:191 several constituents 172:191 several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition 172:311 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 1 48 contain contain 164:170 arg1 fluids 157:162 Intestinal fluids 146:162 Intestinal fluids 146:162 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 3 49 theme itraconazole 832:843 arg1 precipitation 845:857 itraconazole precipitation 832:857 itraconazole precipitation 832:857 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 4 50 theme in 981:982 arg1 studies 999:1005 in vitro transfer studies 981:1005 in vitro transfer studies 981:1005 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 3 51 theme solutions 645:653 arg1 addition 620:627 the addition 616:627 the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD 616:741 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 2 52 theme 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 358:387 arg1 capacity 346:353 the solubilizing capacity 329:353 the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole 329:414 In this study, the solubilizing capacity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) for itraconazole was studied in presence of selected bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. 27473276 3 53 theme constituents 669:680 arg1 solutions 645:653 concentrated solutions 632:653 concentrated solutions of these bile constituents 632:680 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 6 54 from impact 1563:1568 arg1 behavior 1622:1629 the behavior 1618:1629 the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations 1618:1669 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 5 55 theme Intestinal 1098:1107 arg1 supersaturation 1109:1123 Intestinal supersaturation 1098:1123 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer 1098:1137 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 4 56 with saturated 1069:1077 arg1 itraconazole 1084:1095 itraconazole 1084:1095 itraconazole 1084:1095 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 3 57 theme competing 516:524 arg1 agents 526:531 these competing agents 510:531 these competing agents 510:531 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 5 58 theme transfer 1430:1437 arg1 step 1439:1442 the transfer step 1426:1442 the transfer step 1426:1442 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 4 59 theme transfer 990:997 arg1 studies 999:1005 in vitro transfer studies 981:1005 in vitro transfer studies 981:1005 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 1 60 contain have 230:233 arg2 potential 239:247 the potential 235:247 the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity 235:296 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 1 60 contain have 230:233 arg1 constituents 180:191 several constituents 172:191 several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition 172:311 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 5 61 theme time 1510:1513 arg1 points 1515:1520 later time points 1504:1520 later time points 1504:1520 Intestinal supersaturation upon transfer was observed for all conditions tested and a concentration dependent impact of bile salts and phospholipids on the precipitation behavior of itraconazole was demonstrated: high concentrations of bile salts and phospholipids generated the highest degrees of supersaturation shortly after the transfer step but also resulted in stronger itraconazole precipitation at later time points. 27473276 1 62 theme Intestinal 146:155 arg1 fluids 157:162 Intestinal fluids 146:162 Intestinal fluids 146:162 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 6 63 theme formulations 1658:1669 arg1 behavior 1622:1629 the behavior 1618:1629 the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations 1618:1669 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 1 64 theme displacing 252:261 arg1 drugs 263:267 displacing drugs 252:267 displacing drugs 252:267 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 6 65 theme possible 1554:1561 arg1 impact 1563:1568 the possible impact 1550:1568 the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations 1550:1669 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 6 66 theme fluid 1597:1601 arg1 composition 1603:1613 the variable intestinal fluid composition 1573:1613 the variable intestinal fluid composition 1573:1613 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 3 67 theme bile 664:667 arg1 constituents 669:680 these bile constituents 658:680 these bile constituents 658:680 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 3 68 contain containing 696:705 arg1 solution 687:694 a solution 685:694 a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD 685:741 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 3 68 contain containing 696:705 arg2 itraconazole 707:718 itraconazole 707:718 itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD 707:741 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 6 69 theme containing 1647:1656 arg1 formulations 1658:1669 cyclodextrin containing formulations 1634:1669 cyclodextrin containing formulations 1634:1669 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 27473276 1 70 theme drugs 263:267 arg1 potential 239:247 the potential 235:247 the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity 235:296 Intestinal fluids contain several constituents with affinity for cyclodextrins that have the potential of displacing drugs from the cyclodextrin cavity by competition. 27473276 4 71 theme saturated 1069:1077 arg1 solutions 1059:1067 HP-β-CD solutions 1051:1067 HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole 1051:1095 This phenomenon was further investigated in more dynamic conditions via in vitro transfer studies, mimicking the gastrointestinal transfer of HP-β-CD solutions saturated with itraconazole. 27473276 0 72 dep Displacement 0:11 arg1 evaluation 88:97 In vitro evaluation 79:97 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 0:144 Displacement of itraconazole from cyclodextrin complexes in biorelevant media: In vitro evaluation of supersaturation and precipitation behavior. 27473276 3 73 theme itraconazole 573:584 arg1 solubility 559:568 the solubility 555:568 the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins 555:613 Despite the fact that these competing agents significantly lowered the solubility of itraconazole in presence of cyclodextrins, the addition of concentrated solutions of these bile constituents to a solution containing itraconazole solubilized by HP-β-CD did not result in precipitation, even at bile salt and phospholipid concentrations where itraconazole precipitation would be anticipated based on solubility studies. 27473276 6 74 theme cyclodextrin 1634:1645 arg1 formulations 1658:1669 cyclodextrin containing formulations 1634:1669 cyclodextrin containing formulations 1634:1669 These findings demonstrate the possible impact of the variable intestinal fluid composition on the behavior of cyclodextrin containing formulations. 28513656 9 0 theme systematic 1782:1791 arg1 approach 1793:1800 The systematic approach 1778:1800 The systematic approach presented herein 1778:1817 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 4 1 theme bulk 875:878 arg1 modifications 880:892 the bulk modifications 871:892 the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization 871:922 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 9 2 theme future 2007:2012 arg1 studies 2014:2020 future studies 2007:2020 future studies in FTE 2007:2027 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 2 3 theme ECM-previously 383:396 arg1 composition 368:378 composition 368:378 composition 368:378 The decellularization process comprises a compromise between damaging and preserving the ultrastructure and composition of ECM-previously shown to affect cell survival, proliferation, migration, organization, differentiation and maturation. 28513656 2 3 theme ECM-previously 383:396 arg1 ultrastructure 349:362 ultrastructure 349:362 ultrastructure 349:362 The decellularization process comprises a compromise between damaging and preserving the ultrastructure and composition of ECM-previously shown to affect cell survival, proliferation, migration, organization, differentiation and maturation. 28513656 4 4 theme tissue 799:804 arg1 properties 770:779 the original biophysical properties 745:779 the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue 745:804 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 8 5 theme glycosaminoglycans 1632:1649 arg1 masking 1612:1618 masking 1612:1618 masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1612:1656 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 5 theme glycosaminoglycans 1632:1649 arg1 density 1603:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 5 theme glycosaminoglycans 1632:1649 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 5 theme glycosaminoglycans 1632:1649 arg1 remodelling 1675:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 6 6 theme mechanical 1349:1358 arg1 testing 1360:1366 mechanical testing 1349:1366 mechanical testing 1349:1366 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 7 theme surface 1301:1307 arg1 properties 1273:1282 the biophysical properties 1257:1282 the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing) 1257:1367 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 2 8 dep a 300:300 arg1 compromise 302:311 compromise 302:311 compromise 302:311 The decellularization process comprises a compromise between damaging and preserving the ultrastructure and composition of ECM-previously shown to affect cell survival, proliferation, migration, organization, differentiation and maturation. 28513656 9 9 dep reference 1955:1963 arg1 both 1945:1948 both 1945:1948 both 1945:1948 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 5 10 theme mesenchymal 1011:1021 arg1 source 1068:1073 a common multipotent cell source 1042:1073 a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 1042:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 10 theme mesenchymal 1011:1021 arg1 MSCs 1035:1038 MSCs 1035:1038 MSCs 1035:1038 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 10 theme mesenchymal 1011:1021 arg1 cells 1028:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells 1005:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1005:1039 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 4 11 theme consequent 894:903 arg1 modifications 880:892 the bulk modifications 871:892 the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization 871:922 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 4 12 theme myocardial 788:797 arg1 tissue 799:804 the myocardial tissue 784:804 the myocardial tissue 784:804 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 5 13 theme scaffolds 983:991 arg1 assessment 963:972 a systematic biophysical assessment 938:972 a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 938:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 2 14 dep ultrastructure 349:362 arg1 the 345:347 the 345:347 the 345:347 The decellularization process comprises a compromise between damaging and preserving the ultrastructure and composition of ECM-previously shown to affect cell survival, proliferation, migration, organization, differentiation and maturation. 28513656 7 15 theme ventricular 1437:1447 arg1 tissue 1449:1454 native ventricular tissue 1430:1454 native ventricular tissue 1430:1454 The results obtained were compared with acellular pcECM and native ventricular tissue serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. 28513656 9 16 theme possible 1976:1983 arg1 criteria 1993:2000 design criteria 1986:2000 a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE 1953:2027 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 9 17 from studies 2014:2020 arg1 FTE 2025:2027 FTE 2025:2027 FTE 2025:2027 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 8 18 theme reseeded 1716:1723 arg1 construct 1725:1733 the reseeded construct 1712:1733 the reseeded construct 1712:1733 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 19 theme inter-fiber 1550:1560 arg1 masking 1612:1618 masking 1612:1618 masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1612:1656 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 19 theme inter-fiber 1550:1560 arg1 density 1603:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 19 theme inter-fiber 1550:1560 arg1 remodelling 1675:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 19 theme inter-fiber 1550:1560 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 4 20 theme model 721:725 arg1 scaffold 727:734 a model scaffold 719:734 a model scaffold 719:734 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 9 21 theme important 1888:1896 arg1 methodologies 1898:1910 important methodologies 1888:1910 important methodologies 1888:1910 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 4 22 theme biophysical 758:768 arg1 properties 770:779 the original biophysical properties 745:779 the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue 745:804 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 1 23 theme Various 90:96 arg1 scaffolds 125:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 23 theme Various 90:96 arg1 materials 207:215 ideal biomimetic materials 190:215 ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE) 190:257 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 24 theme biomimetic 196:205 arg1 scaffolds 125:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 24 theme biomimetic 196:205 arg1 materials 207:215 ideal biomimetic materials 190:215 ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE) 190:257 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 6 25 dep surface 1301:1307 arg1 WETSEM™ 1316:1322 WETSEM™ 1316:1322 WETSEM™ 1316:1322 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 25 dep surface 1301:1307 arg1 FTIR 1310:1313 FTIR 1310:1313 FTIR 1310:1313 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 26 dep bulk 1329:1332 arg1 testing 1360:1366 mechanical testing 1349:1366 mechanical testing 1349:1366 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 26 dep bulk 1329:1332 arg1 TGA 1340:1342 TGA 1340:1342 TGA 1340:1342 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 26 dep bulk 1329:1332 arg1 DSC 1335:1337 DSC 1335:1337 DSC 1335:1337 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 8 27 theme MSC 1513:1515 arg1 recellularization 1517:1533 MSC recellularization 1513:1533 MSC recellularization 1513:1533 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 1 28 theme extracellular 98:110 arg1 ECM 120:122 ECM 120:122 ECM 120:122 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 28 theme extracellular 98:110 arg1 matrix 112:117 extracellular matrix 98:117 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 29 theme ideal 190:194 arg1 scaffolds 125:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 29 theme ideal 190:194 arg1 materials 207:215 ideal biomimetic materials 190:215 ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE) 190:257 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 7 30 theme native 1430:1435 arg1 tissue 1449:1454 native ventricular tissue 1430:1454 native ventricular tissue 1430:1454 The results obtained were compared with acellular pcECM and native ventricular tissue serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. 28513656 6 31 theme biophysical 1261:1271 arg1 properties 1273:1282 the biophysical properties 1257:1282 the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing) 1257:1367 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 3 32 from effects 516:522 arg1 properties 568:577 the ECM constructs' biophysical properties 536:577 the ECM constructs' biophysical properties 536:577 Inversely, the effects of cells on the ECM constructs' biophysical properties, under physiological-like conditions, remain still largely unknown. 28513656 1 33 theme matrix 112:117 arg1 scaffolds 125:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds 90:133 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 33 theme matrix 112:117 arg1 materials 207:215 ideal biomimetic materials 190:215 ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE) 190:257 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 2 34 theme cell 414:417 arg1 survival 419:426 cell survival 414:426 cell survival 414:426 The decellularization process comprises a compromise between damaging and preserving the ultrastructure and composition of ECM-previously shown to affect cell survival, proliferation, migration, organization, differentiation and maturation. 28513656 4 35 theme original 749:756 arg1 properties 770:779 the original biophysical properties 745:779 the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue 745:804 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 5 36 theme regenerative 1086:1097 arg1 medicine 1099:1106 cardiac regenerative medicine 1078:1106 cardiac regenerative medicine 1078:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 37 theme common 1044:1049 arg1 source 1068:1073 a common multipotent cell source 1042:1073 a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 1042:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 37 theme common 1044:1049 arg1 cells 1028:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells 1005:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1005:1039 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 38 theme pcECM 977:981 arg1 scaffolds 983:991 pcECM scaffolds 977:991 pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 977:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 4 39 theme re-cellularizing 671:686 arg1 ECM 704:706 re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM 671:706 re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) 671:735 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 0 40 theme biophysical 14:24 arg1 properties 26:35 the biophysical properties 10:35 the biophysical properties of decellularized patches 10:61 Restoring the biophysical properties of decellularized patches through recellularization. 28513656 8 41 theme plasticization 1562:1575 arg1 masking 1612:1618 masking 1612:1618 masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1612:1656 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 41 theme plasticization 1562:1575 arg1 density 1603:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 41 theme plasticization 1562:1575 arg1 remodelling 1675:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 41 theme plasticization 1562:1575 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 5 42 theme human 1005:1009 arg1 source 1068:1073 a common multipotent cell source 1042:1073 a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 1042:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 42 theme human 1005:1009 arg1 MSCs 1035:1038 MSCs 1035:1038 MSCs 1035:1038 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 42 theme human 1005:1009 arg1 cells 1028:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells 1005:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1005:1039 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 43 theme cardiac 1078:1084 arg1 medicine 1099:1106 cardiac regenerative medicine 1078:1106 cardiac regenerative medicine 1078:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 3 44 theme physiological-like 586:603 arg1 conditions 605:614 physiological-like conditions 586:614 physiological-like conditions 586:614 Inversely, the effects of cells on the ECM constructs' biophysical properties, under physiological-like conditions, remain still largely unknown. 28513656 6 45 theme cell 1152:1155 arg1 interactions 1157:1168 cell interactions 1152:1168 cell interactions with a composite-scaffold 1152:1194 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 0 46 theme decellularized 40:53 arg1 patches 55:61 decellularized patches 40:61 decellularized patches 40:61 Restoring the biophysical properties of decellularized patches through recellularization. 28513656 6 47 theme FTE 1133:1135 arg1 study 1137:1141 FTE study 1133:1141 FTE study 1133:1141 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 48 theme bulk 1329:1332 arg1 properties 1273:1282 the biophysical properties 1257:1282 the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing) 1257:1367 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 4 49 theme cardiac 696:702 arg1 ECM 704:706 re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM 671:706 re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) 671:735 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 8 50 theme denaturation 1753:1764 arg1 resistance 1766:1775 its denaturation resistance 1749:1775 its denaturation resistance 1749:1775 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 51 theme protein 1595:1601 arg1 density 1603:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 51 theme protein 1595:1601 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 1 52 theme Functional 222:231 arg1 engineering 240:250 'Functional tissue engineering' 221:251 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE) 221:257 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 52 theme Functional 222:231 arg1 FTE 254:256 FTE 254:256 FTE 254:256 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 9 53 theme biological 1852:1861 arg1 plasticizers 1863:1874 biological plasticizers 1852:1874 "biological plasticizers" 1851:1875 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 8 54 theme acylated 1623:1630 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1632:1649 acylated glycosaminoglycans 1623:1649 acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1623:1656 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 54 theme acylated 1623:1630 arg1 GAGs 1652:1655 GAGs 1652:1655 GAGs 1652:1655 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 6 55 theme contribution 1241:1252 arg1 perspective 1220:1230 the perspective 1216:1230 the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing) 1216:1367 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 4 56 theme porcine 688:694 arg1 ECM 704:706 re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM 671:706 re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) 671:735 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 9 57 theme plasticizers 1863:1874 arg1 " 1875:1875 "biological plasticizers" 1851:1875 "biological plasticizers" 1851:1875 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 6 58 theme new 1121:1123 arg1 type 1125:1128 a new type 1119:1128 a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing) 1119:1367 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 6 59 theme study 1137:1141 arg1 type 1125:1128 a new type 1119:1128 a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing) 1119:1367 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 0 60 theme patches 55:61 arg1 properties 26:35 the biophysical properties 10:35 the biophysical properties of decellularized patches 10:61 Restoring the biophysical properties of decellularized patches through recellularization. 28513656 6 61 with interactions 1157:1168 arg1 composite-scaffold 1177:1194 a composite-scaffold 1175:1194 a composite-scaffold 1175:1194 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 28513656 5 62 theme multipotent 1051:1061 arg1 source 1068:1073 a common multipotent cell source 1042:1073 a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 1042:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 62 theme multipotent 1051:1061 arg1 cells 1028:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells 1005:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1005:1039 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 63 theme cell 1063:1066 arg1 source 1068:1073 a common multipotent cell source 1042:1073 a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 1042:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 63 theme cell 1063:1066 arg1 cells 1028:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells 1005:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1005:1039 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 3 64 theme cells 527:531 arg1 effects 516:522 the effects 512:522 the effects of cells on the ECM constructs' biophysical properties 512:577 Inversely, the effects of cells on the ECM constructs' biophysical properties, under physiological-like conditions, remain still largely unknown. 28513656 8 65 theme increased 1585:1593 arg1 density 1603:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 increased protein density 1585:1609 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 65 theme increased 1585:1593 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 5 66 theme stem 1023:1026 arg1 source 1068:1073 a common multipotent cell source 1042:1073 a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 1042:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 66 theme stem 1023:1026 arg1 MSCs 1035:1038 MSCs 1035:1038 MSCs 1035:1038 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 5 66 theme stem 1023:1026 arg1 cells 1028:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells 1005:1032 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1005:1039 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 2 67 theme decellularization 264:280 arg1 process 282:288 The decellularization process 260:288 The decellularization process 260:288 The decellularization process comprises a compromise between damaging and preserving the ultrastructure and composition of ECM-previously shown to affect cell survival, proliferation, migration, organization, differentiation and maturation. 28513656 9 68 theme design 1986:1991 arg1 criteria 1993:2000 design criteria 1986:2000 a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE 1953:2027 The systematic approach presented herein, therefore, identifies cells as "biological plasticizers" and yields important methodologies, understanding, and data serving both as a reference as well as possible 'design criteria' for future studies in FTE. 28513656 5 69 theme systematic 940:949 arg1 assessment 963:972 a systematic biophysical assessment 938:972 a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 938:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 3 70 theme biophysical 556:566 arg1 properties 568:577 the ECM constructs' biophysical properties 536:577 the ECM constructs' biophysical properties 536:577 Inversely, the effects of cells on the ECM constructs' biophysical properties, under physiological-like conditions, remain still largely unknown. 28513656 7 71 theme positive 1480:1487 arg1 controls 1489:1496 negative and positive controls 1467:1496 negative and positive controls 1467:1496 The results obtained were compared with acellular pcECM and native ventricular tissue serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. 28513656 7 72 theme acellular 1410:1418 arg1 pcECM 1420:1424 acellular pcECM 1410:1424 acellular pcECM 1410:1424 The results obtained were compared with acellular pcECM and native ventricular tissue serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. 28513656 5 73 theme biophysical 951:961 arg1 assessment 963:972 a systematic biophysical assessment 938:972 a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine 938:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 8 74 theme pcECM 1669:1673 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 74 theme pcECM 1669:1673 arg1 remodelling 1675:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 5 75 from source 1068:1073 arg1 medicine 1099:1106 cardiac regenerative medicine 1078:1106 cardiac regenerative medicine 1078:1106 We performed a systematic biophysical assessment of pcECM scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a common multipotent cell source in cardiac regenerative medicine. 28513656 1 76 theme tissue 233:238 arg1 engineering 240:250 'Functional tissue engineering' 221:251 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE) 221:257 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 1 76 theme tissue 233:238 arg1 FTE 254:256 FTE 254:256 FTE 254:256 Various extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, isolated through decellularization, were suggested as ideal biomimetic materials for 'Functional tissue engineering' (FTE). 28513656 3 77 theme ECM 540:542 arg1 constructs 544:553 the ECM constructs' 536:554 the ECM constructs' biophysical properties 536:577 Inversely, the effects of cells on the ECM constructs' biophysical properties, under physiological-like conditions, remain still largely unknown. 28513656 8 78 theme active 1662:1667 arg1 effect 1577:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 an inter-fiber plasticization effect 1547:1582 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 8 78 theme active 1662:1667 arg1 remodelling 1675:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 active pcECM remodelling 1662:1685 MSC recellularization resulted in an inter-fiber plasticization effect, increased protein density, masking of acylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and active pcECM remodelling which further stabilized the reseeded construct and increased its denaturation resistance. 28513656 7 79 theme negative 1467:1474 arg1 controls 1489:1496 negative and positive controls 1467:1496 negative and positive controls 1467:1496 The results obtained were compared with acellular pcECM and native ventricular tissue serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. 28513656 4 80 dep ECM 704:706 arg1 pcECM 709:713 pcECM 709:713 pcECM 709:713 We hypothesized that by re-cellularizing porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, as a model scaffold) some of the original biophysical properties of the myocardial tissue can be restored, which are related to the scaffold's surface and the bulk modifications consequent to cellularization. 28513656 6 81 theme construct 1291:1299 arg1 surface 1301:1307 the construct surface 1287:1307 the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) 1287:1323 We report a new type of FTE study in which cell interactions with a composite-scaffold were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to the biophysical properties of the construct surface (FTIR, WETSEM™) and bulk (DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing). 27788607 0 0 theme composite 101:109 arg1 design 111:116 central composite design 93:116 central composite design 93:116 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 12 1 theme fluocinolone 1766:1777 arg1 acetonide 1779:1787 fluocinolone acetonide 1766:1787 fluocinolone acetonide 1766:1787 CONCLUSION β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel. 27788607 0 2 dep ex 132:133 arg1 vivo 135:138 vivo 135:138 vivo 135:138 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 0 3 theme central 93:99 arg1 design 111:116 central composite design 93:116 central composite design 93:116 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 9 4 theme reference 1431:1439 arg1 gel 1451:1453 optimized reference ethosomal gel 1421:1453 optimized reference ethosomal gel 1421:1453 BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. 27788607 1 5 theme skin 252:255 arg1 inflammation 232:243 inflammation 232:243 inflammation of the skin 232:255 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 7 6 theme 228.33 ± 1.23 nm 1194:1209 arg1 size 1186:1189 vesicle size 1178:1189 vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm 1178:1209 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 5 7 dep depicted 875:882 arg1 FA8 884:886 FA8 884:886 depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base 875:996 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 8 8 dep in 1288:1289 arg1 vitro 1291:1295 vitro 1291:1295 vitro 1291:1295 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 3 9 theme present 526:532 arg1 investigation 534:546 The present investigation 522:546 The present investigation 522:546 OBJECTIVE The present investigation was focused to explore the utility of β-cylcoethosomes in improvising the penetration deep into the skin. 27788607 2 10 theme skin 506:509 arg1 epidermis 486:494 deeper epidermis 479:494 deeper epidermis of atopic skin 479:509 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 11 11 theme synergistic 1617:1627 arg1 effect 1629:1634 the synergistic effect 1613:1634 the synergistic effect exerted by ethanol and β-cycloamylose 1613:1672 Improved penetration was observed due to the synergistic effect exerted by ethanol and β-cycloamylose. 27788607 0 12 dep in 119:120 arg1 vitro 122:126 vitro 122:126 vitro 122:126 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 12 13 theme improvised 1740:1749 arg1 penetration 1751:1761 improvised penetration 1740:1761 improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel 1740:1803 CONCLUSION β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel. 27788607 1 14 theme Atopic 166:171 arg1 disease 207:213 a chronic skin disease 192:213 a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin 192:255 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 14 theme Atopic 166:171 arg1 AD 185:186 AD 185:186 AD 185:186 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 14 theme Atopic 166:171 arg1 dermatitis 173:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis 158:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) 158:187 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 2 15 theme atopic 499:504 arg1 skin 506:509 atopic skin 499:509 atopic skin 499:509 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 4 16 theme injection 727:735 arg1 method 737:742 injection method 727:742 injection method 727:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. 27788607 1 17 from repercussions 286:298 arg1 life 309:312 human life 303:312 human life 303:312 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 8 18 dep BGP 1329:1331 arg1 84.02 ± 0.87 1352:1363 84.02 ± 0.87 1352:1363 84.02 ± 0.87 1352:1363 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 8 18 dep BGP 1329:1331 arg1 % 1346:1346 83.22 ± 0.72% 1334:1346 83.22 ± 0.72% 1334:1346 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 7 19 theme DISCUSSION 1098:1107 arg1 FA8 1132:1134 FA8 1132:1134 FA8 1132:1134 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 7 19 theme DISCUSSION 1098:1107 arg1 formulation 1119:1129 DISCUSSION Optimized formulation 1098:1129 DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) 1098:1135 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 0 20 theme in 119:120 arg1 characterization 140:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 0 20 theme in 119:120 arg1 potential 30:38 the penetrating potential 14:38 the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes 14:72 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 2 21 theme limited 454:460 arg1 penetration 462:472 limited penetration 454:472 limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin 454:509 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 12 22 dep β-cylcoethosomes 1686:1701 arg1 proved 1703:1708 proved 1703:1708 β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel 1686:1803 CONCLUSION β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel. 27788607 5 23 theme Composite 829:837 arg1 design 839:844 Central Composite design 821:844 Central Composite design employed for the preparation 821:873 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 6 24 dep in 1063:1064 arg1 vitro 1066:1070 vitro 1066:1070 vitro 1066:1070 The gels were characterized for pH, viscosity, drug content and in vitro permeability. 27788607 5 25 theme Central 821:827 arg1 design 839:844 Central Composite design 821:844 Central Composite design employed for the preparation 821:873 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 7 26 with 0.795 1166:1170 arg1 size 1186:1189 vesicle size 1178:1189 vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm 1178:1209 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 2 27 theme topical 363:369 arg1 corticosteroid 371:384 a topical corticosteroid 361:384 a topical corticosteroid 361:384 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 2 27 theme topical 363:369 arg1 acetonide 345:353 Fluocinolone acetonide 332:353 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA) 332:358 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 2 28 theme dermatitis 425:434 arg1 treatment 405:413 the treatment 401:413 the treatment of atopic dermatitis 401:434 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 5 29 theme carbomer 970:977 arg1 934P 979:982 carbomer 934P 970:982 carbomer 934P 970:982 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 5 29 theme carbomer 970:977 arg1 base 993:996 a gel base 987:996 a gel base 987:996 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 4 30 theme entrapment 777:786 arg1 efficiency 788:797 entrapment efficiency 777:797 entrapment efficiency 777:797 MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. 27788607 4 31 dep in 803:804 arg1 vitro 806:810 vitro 806:810 vitro 806:810 MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. 27788607 2 32 theme atopic 418:423 arg1 dermatitis 425:434 atopic dermatitis 418:434 atopic dermatitis 418:434 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 1 33 theme remarkable 275:284 arg1 repercussions 286:298 remarkable repercussions 275:298 remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe 275:329 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 0 34 theme ex 132:133 arg1 characterization 140:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 0 34 theme ex 132:133 arg1 potential 30:38 the penetrating potential 14:38 the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes 14:72 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 0 35 theme penetrating 18:28 arg1 potential 30:38 the penetrating potential 14:38 the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes 14:72 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 0 35 theme penetrating 18:28 arg1 characterization 140:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 4 36 theme vesicle 763:769 arg1 size 771:774 vesicle size 763:774 vesicle size 763:774 MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. 27788607 1 37 theme chronic 194:200 arg1 dermatitis 173:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis 158:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) 158:187 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 37 theme chronic 194:200 arg1 disease 207:213 a chronic skin disease 192:213 a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin 192:255 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 0 38 theme nanocomposite 43:55 arg1 β-cycloethosomes 57:72 nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes 43:72 nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes 43:72 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 9 39 theme ethosomal 1441:1449 arg1 gel 1451:1453 optimized reference ethosomal gel 1421:1453 optimized reference ethosomal gel 1421:1453 BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. 27788607 6 40 theme drug 1046:1049 arg1 content 1051:1057 drug content 1046:1057 drug content 1046:1057 The gels were characterized for pH, viscosity, drug content and in vitro permeability. 27788607 8 41 dep permeability 1297:1308 arg1 found 1313:1317 found 1313:1317 found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87) 1313:1364 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 5 42 theme optimized 894:902 arg1 formulation 904:914 an optimized formulation 891:914 an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base 891:996 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 5 42 theme optimized 894:902 arg1 gel 960:962 dermatological gel 945:962 dermatological gel 945:962 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 1 43 theme skin 202:205 arg1 dermatitis 173:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis 158:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) 158:187 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 43 theme skin 202:205 arg1 disease 207:213 a chronic skin disease 192:213 a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin 192:255 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 44 theme human 303:307 arg1 life 309:312 human life 303:312 human life 303:312 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 3 45 theme β-cylcoethosomes 586:601 arg1 utility 575:581 the utility 571:581 the utility of β-cylcoethosomes in improvising the penetration deep into the skin 571:651 OBJECTIVE The present investigation was focused to explore the utility of β-cylcoethosomes in improvising the penetration deep into the skin. 27788607 12 46 theme topical 1793:1799 arg1 gel 1801:1803 topical gel 1793:1803 topical gel 1793:1803 CONCLUSION β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel. 27788607 9 47 theme optimized 1421:1429 arg1 gel 1451:1453 optimized reference ethosomal gel 1421:1453 optimized reference ethosomal gel 1421:1453 BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. 27788607 8 48 theme FA8-loaded 1257:1266 arg1 gels 1268:1271 FA8-loaded gels 1257:1271 FA8-loaded gels 1257:1271 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 10 49 theme dye 1536:1538 arg1 penetration 1509:1519 deeper uniform penetration 1494:1519 deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG 1494:1569 CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG. 27788607 10 50 theme CLSM 1472:1475 arg1 studies 1477:1483 CLSM studies 1472:1483 CLSM studies 1472:1483 CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG. 27788607 10 51 theme deeper 1494:1499 arg1 penetration 1509:1519 deeper uniform penetration 1494:1519 deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG 1494:1569 CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG. 27788607 5 52 theme gel 989:991 arg1 934P 979:982 carbomer 934P 970:982 carbomer 934P 970:982 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 5 52 theme gel 989:991 arg1 base 993:996 a gel base 987:996 a gel base 987:996 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 3 53 dep OBJECTIVE 512:520 arg1 focused 552:558 focused 552:558 was focused to explore the utility of β-cylcoethosomes in improvising the penetration deep into the skin 548:651 OBJECTIVE The present investigation was focused to explore the utility of β-cylcoethosomes in improvising the penetration deep into the skin. 27788607 0 54 theme β-cycloethosomes 57:72 arg1 potential 30:38 the penetrating potential 14:38 the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes 14:72 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 0 54 theme β-cycloethosomes 57:72 arg1 characterization 140:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 in vitro and ex vivo characterization 119:155 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 6 55 theme in 1063:1064 arg1 permeability 1072:1083 in vitro permeability 1063:1083 in vitro permeability 1063:1083 The gels were characterized for pH, viscosity, drug content and in vitro permeability. 27788607 7 56 theme Optimized 1109:1117 arg1 FA8 1132:1134 FA8 1132:1134 FA8 1132:1134 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 7 56 theme Optimized 1109:1117 arg1 formulation 1119:1129 DISCUSSION Optimized formulation 1098:1129 DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) 1098:1135 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 2 57 theme Fluocinolone 332:343 arg1 corticosteroid 371:384 a topical corticosteroid 361:384 a topical corticosteroid 361:384 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 2 57 theme Fluocinolone 332:343 arg1 FA 356:357 FA 356:357 FA 356:357 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 2 57 theme Fluocinolone 332:343 arg1 acetonide 345:353 Fluocinolone acetonide 332:353 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA) 332:358 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 11 58 theme Improved 1572:1579 arg1 penetration 1581:1591 Improved penetration 1572:1591 Improved penetration 1572:1591 Improved penetration was observed due to the synergistic effect exerted by ethanol and β-cycloamylose. 27788607 7 59 theme maximum 1144:1150 arg1 desirability 1152:1163 maximum desirability 1144:1163 maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm) 1144:1210 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 7 59 theme maximum 1144:1150 arg1 0.795 1166:1170 0.795 1166:1170 0.795 1166:1170 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 0 60 dep potential 30:38 arg1 development 75:85 development 75:85 development using central composite design 75:116 Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. 27788607 12 61 theme promising 1718:1726 arg1 carrier 1728:1734 a promising carrier 1716:1734 a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel 1716:1803 CONCLUSION β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel. 27788607 5 62 theme dermatological 945:958 arg1 formulation 904:914 an optimized formulation 891:914 an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base 891:996 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 5 62 theme dermatological 945:958 arg1 gel 960:962 dermatological gel 945:962 dermatological gel 945:962 Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. 27788607 4 63 theme in 803:804 arg1 release 812:818 in vitro release 803:818 in vitro release 803:818 MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. 27788607 8 64 theme maximum 1280:1286 arg1 permeability 1297:1308 maximum in vitro permeability 1280:1308 maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87) 1280:1364 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 10 65 theme uniform 1501:1507 arg1 penetration 1509:1519 deeper uniform penetration 1494:1519 deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG 1494:1569 CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG. 27788607 4 66 dep MATERIALS 654:662 arg1 β-Cylcoethosomes 676:691 β-Cylcoethosomes 676:691 β-Cylcoethosomes 676:691 MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. 27788607 9 67 theme control 1459:1465 arg1 gel 1467:1469 control gel 1459:1469 control gel 1459:1469 BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. 27788607 8 68 theme in 1288:1289 arg1 permeability 1297:1308 maximum in vitro permeability 1280:1308 maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87) 1280:1364 FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). 27788607 2 69 theme deeper 479:484 arg1 epidermis 486:494 deeper epidermis 479:494 deeper epidermis of atopic skin 479:509 Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin. 27788607 9 70 theme optimized 1389:1397 arg1 BG 1367:1368 BG 1367:1368 BG 1367:1368 BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. 27788607 9 70 theme optimized 1389:1397 arg1 gel 1399:1401 an optimized gel 1386:1401 an optimized gel 1386:1401 BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. 27788607 12 71 theme acetonide 1779:1787 arg1 penetration 1751:1761 improvised penetration 1740:1761 improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel 1740:1803 CONCLUSION β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel. 27788607 1 72 theme CONTEXT 158:164 arg1 disease 207:213 a chronic skin disease 192:213 a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin 192:255 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 72 theme CONTEXT 158:164 arg1 AD 185:186 AD 185:186 AD 185:186 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 1 72 theme CONTEXT 158:164 arg1 dermatitis 173:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis 158:182 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) 158:187 CONTEXT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. 27788607 7 73 theme vesicle 1178:1184 arg1 size 1186:1189 vesicle size 1178:1189 vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm 1178:1209 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). 27788607 10 74 theme fluorescent 1524:1534 arg1 dye 1536:1538 fluorescent dye 1524:1538 fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG 1524:1569 CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG. 30198674 3 0 theme composition 826:836 arg1 changes 806:812 the main changes 797:812 the main changes of chemical composition 797:836 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 9 1 theme hemicelluloses 1961:1974 arg1 trend 1952:1956 degradation trend 1940:1956 degradation trend of hemicelluloses 1940:1974 It is prove that yield of cellulose increased significantly, degradation trend of hemicelluloses is obviously, removal effect of lignin has also been better. 30198674 10 2 theme spectrum 2078:2085 arg1 results 2050:2056 The analysis results 2037:2056 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum 2037:2085 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 10 2 theme spectrum 2078:2085 arg1 consistent 2091:2100 consistent 2091:2100 consistent 2091:2100 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 8 3 theme cellulose 1669:1677 arg1 decomposition 1679:1691 cellulose decomposition 1669:1691 cellulose decomposition 1669:1691 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 4 theme different 651:659 arg1 temperature 674:684 different pretreatment temperature 651:684 different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) 651:773 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 5 5 theme NaOH 1279:1282 arg1 treatment 1285:1293 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment 1264:1293 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect 1264:1300 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 8 6 theme characteristic 1821:1834 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 6 theme characteristic 1821:1834 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 10 7 with consistent 2091:2100 arg1 measurement 2120:2130 the standard measurement 2107:2130 the standard measurement 2107:2130 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 8 8 dep fall 1743:1746 arg1 infrared 1766:1773 infrared 1766:1773 fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1743:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 5 9 theme treatment 1285:1293 arg1 effect 1295:1300 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect 1264:1300 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect 1264:1300 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 5 10 dep H 1338:1338 arg1 4 1345:1345 4 1345:1345 4 1345:1345 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 5 10 dep H 1338:1338 arg1 SO 1342:1343 SO 1342:1343 SO 1342:1343 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 9 11 theme removal 1990:1996 arg1 effect 1998:2003 removal effect 1990:2003 removal effect of lignin 1990:2013 It is prove that yield of cellulose increased significantly, degradation trend of hemicelluloses is obviously, removal effect of lignin has also been better. 30198674 3 12 dep H 719:719 arg1 4 726:726 4 726:726 4 726:726 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 12 dep H 719:719 arg1 SO 723:724 SO 723:724 SO 723:724 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 13 theme sulfuric 582:589 arg1 glycerin 634:641 glycerin 634:641 glycerin 634:641 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 13 theme sulfuric 582:589 arg1 alkali 616:621 dilute alkali 609:621 dilute alkali (NaOH) 609:628 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 13 theme sulfuric 582:589 arg1 acid 591:594 sulfuric acid 582:594 sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) 582:606 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 1 14 theme cellulose 204:212 arg1 sugars 240:245 cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 204:245 cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 204:245 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 5 15 dep acid 1332:1335 arg1 H 1338:1338 H(2) 1338:1341 H(2) 1338:1341 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 7 16 theme different 1522:1530 arg1 conditions 1543:1552 different processing conditions 1522:1552 different processing conditions 1522:1552 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 8 17 dep steep 1737:1741 arg1 fall 1743:1746 fall 1743:1746 fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1743:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 1 18 theme hemicellulose-derived 218:238 arg1 sugars 240:245 cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 204:245 cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 204:245 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 8 19 theme obvious 1729:1735 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 19 theme obvious 1729:1735 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 20 theme dilute 733:738 arg1 NaOH 748:751 NaOH 748:751 NaOH 748:751 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 20 theme dilute 733:738 arg1 alkali 740:745 dilute alkali 733:745 dilute alkali (NaOH) 733:752 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 8 21 theme absorption 1775:1784 arg1 peaks 1801:1805 absorption characteristic peaks 1775:1805 absorption characteristic peaks 1775:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 1 22 theme biomass 149:155 arg1 pretreatment 117:128 Thermochemical pretreatment 102:128 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass 102:155 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 1 22 theme biomass 149:155 arg1 step 171:174 a critical step 160:174 a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels 160:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 7 23 theme hemicellulose 1503:1515 arg1 degree 1493:1498 degradation degree 1481:1498 degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions 1481:1552 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 1 24 theme lignocellulosic 133:147 arg1 biomass 149:155 lignocellulosic biomass 133:155 lignocellulosic biomass 133:155 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 8 25 theme lignin 1855:1860 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 25 theme lignin 1855:1860 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 6 26 theme ℃ 1444:1444 arg1 condition 1416:1424 the condition 1412:1424 the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ 1412:1444 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 8 27 theme spectrum 1582:1589 arg1 analysis 1591:1598 The infrared spectrum analysis 1569:1598 The infrared spectrum analysis 1569:1598 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 7 28 theme degree 1493:1498 arg1 same 1563:1566 same 1563:1566 same 1563:1566 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 7 28 theme degree 1493:1498 arg1 changes 1470:1476 The changes 1466:1476 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions 1466:1552 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 5 29 theme change 1135:1140 arg1 rules 1142:1146 The change rules 1131:1146 The change rules for yield of cellulose 1131:1169 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 0 30 theme Infrared 73:80 arg1 Analysis 91:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 2 31 theme lignocellulose 542:555 arg1 production 528:537 the production 524:537 the production of lignocellulose 524:555 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 2 32 from composition 474:484 arg1 wall 500:503 plant cell wall 489:503 plant cell wall 489:503 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 8 33 theme C—O—C 1614:1618 arg1 peak 1652:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 34 theme benzene 1808:1814 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 34 theme benzene 1808:1814 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 35 dep acid 713:716 arg1 H 719:719 H(2) 719:722 H(2) 719:722 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 8 36 theme stretching 1631:1640 arg1 peak 1652:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 5 37 theme different 1212:1220 arg1 condition 1235:1243 the different pretreatment condition 1208:1243 the different pretreatment condition 1208:1243 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 2 38 theme hemicelluloses 414:427 arg1 lignin 376:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 2 38 theme hemicelluloses 414:427 arg1 separation 400:409 the physical separation 387:409 the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall 387:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 0 39 theme [The 0:3 arg1 Composition 14:24 [The Chemical Composition 0:24 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 0:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 1 40 theme renewable 296:304 arg1 biofuels 306:313 renewable biofuels 296:313 renewable biofuels 296:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 3 41 theme chemical 926:933 arg1 conversion 935:944 the chemical conversion 922:944 the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum 922:1020 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 2 42 theme chemical 465:472 arg1 composition 474:484 the chemical composition 461:484 the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose 461:555 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 10 43 theme analysis 2041:2048 arg1 results 2050:2056 The analysis results 2037:2056 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum 2037:2085 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 10 43 theme analysis 2041:2048 arg1 consistent 2091:2100 consistent 2091:2100 consistent 2091:2100 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 5 44 theme removal 1179:1185 arg1 rate 1187:1190 the removal rate 1175:1190 the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition 1175:1243 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 3 45 theme bamboo 977:982 arg1 pretreatment 961:972 chemical pretreatment 952:972 chemical pretreatment of bamboo 952:982 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 1 46 theme Thermochemical 102:115 arg1 pretreatment 117:128 Thermochemical pretreatment 102:128 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass 102:155 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 1 46 theme Thermochemical 102:115 arg1 step 171:174 a critical step 160:174 a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels 160:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 0 47 theme Bamboo 29:34 arg1 Composition 14:24 [The Chemical Composition 0:24 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 0:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 3 48 with Research 558:565 arg1 medium 572:577 medium 572:577 medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, 572:642 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 2 49 from hemicelluloses 414:427 arg1 wall 441:444 the cell wall 432:444 the cell wall 432:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 2 50 theme cell 495:498 arg1 wall 500:503 plant cell wall 489:503 plant cell wall 489:503 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 5 51 theme dilute 1264:1269 arg1 treatment 1285:1293 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment 1264:1293 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect 1264:1300 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 0 52 theme Heat 42:45 arg1 Pretreatment 47:58 Heat Pretreatment 42:58 Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 42:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 3 53 dep temperature 674:684 arg1 ℃ 699:699 117 and 135 ℃ 687:699 117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) 687:752 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 53 dep temperature 674:684 arg1 ℃ 760:760 117 ℃ 756:760 117 ℃ in glycerin 756:772 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 54 theme infrared 1004:1011 arg1 spectrum 1013:1020 the Fourier infrared spectrum 992:1020 the Fourier infrared spectrum 992:1020 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 2 55 theme hard 360:363 arg1 lignin 376:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 1 56 theme sugars 240:245 arg1 yields 194:199 high yields 189:199 high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 189:245 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 2 57 from wall 441:444 arg1 lignin 376:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 2 57 from wall 441:444 arg1 separation 400:409 the physical separation 387:409 the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall 387:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 9 58 theme cellulose 1905:1913 arg1 yield 1896:1900 yield 1896:1900 yield of cellulose 1896:1913 It is prove that yield of cellulose increased significantly, degradation trend of hemicelluloses is obviously, removal effect of lignin has also been better. 30198674 8 59 dep it 1719:1720 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 59 dep it 1719:1720 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 60 theme chemical 817:824 arg1 composition 826:836 chemical composition 817:836 chemical composition 817:836 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 8 61 theme characteristic 1786:1799 arg1 peaks 1801:1805 absorption characteristic peaks 1775:1805 absorption characteristic peaks 1775:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 62 theme bamboo 859:864 arg1 processing 866:875 the bamboo processing 855:875 the bamboo processing 855:875 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 9 63 theme degradation 1940:1950 arg1 trend 1952:1956 degradation trend 1940:1956 degradation trend of hemicelluloses 1940:1974 It is prove that yield of cellulose increased significantly, degradation trend of hemicelluloses is obviously, removal effect of lignin has also been better. 30198674 1 64 theme cellulose 283:291 arg1 utilization 268:278 effective utilization 258:278 effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels 258:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 10 65 theme infrared 2069:2076 arg1 spectrum 2078:2085 Fourier infrared spectrum 2061:2085 Fourier infrared spectrum 2061:2085 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 2 66 from lignin 376:381 arg1 wall 441:444 the cell wall 432:444 the cell wall 432:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 3 67 dep acid 591:594 arg1 H 597:597 H(2) 597:600 H(2) 597:600 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 8 68 theme heat 1699:1702 arg1 treatment 1704:1712 heat treatment 1699:1712 heat treatment 1699:1712 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 69 dep H 597:597 arg1 4 604:604 4 604:604 4 604:604 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 69 dep H 597:597 arg1 SO 601:602 SO 601:602 SO 601:602 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 10 70 theme standard 2111:2118 arg1 measurement 2120:2130 the standard measurement 2107:2130 the standard measurement 2107:2130 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 3 71 theme pretreatment 661:672 arg1 temperature 674:684 different pretreatment temperature 651:684 different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) 651:773 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 72 theme acid 591:594 arg1 medium 572:577 medium 572:577 medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, 572:642 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 1 73 theme high 189:192 arg1 yields 194:199 high yields 189:199 high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 189:245 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 2 74 from separation 400:409 arg1 wall 441:444 the cell wall 432:444 the cell wall 432:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 3 75 from temperature 674:684 arg1 Research 558:565 Research 558:565 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) 558:773 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 1 76 from utilization 268:278 arg1 biofuels 306:313 renewable biofuels 296:313 renewable biofuels 296:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 9 77 theme lignin 2008:2013 arg1 effect 1998:2003 removal effect 1990:2003 removal effect of lignin 1990:2013 It is prove that yield of cellulose increased significantly, degradation trend of hemicelluloses is obviously, removal effect of lignin has also been better. 30198674 6 78 theme same 1453:1456 arg1 medium 1458:1463 the same medium 1449:1463 the same medium 1449:1463 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 3 79 theme sulfuric 704:711 arg1 acid 713:716 sulfuric acid 704:716 sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) 704:728 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 6 80 from remarkable 1395:1404 arg1 addition 1366:1373 addition 1366:1373 addition 1366:1373 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 6 80 from remarkable 1395:1404 arg1 medium 1458:1463 the same medium 1449:1463 the same medium 1449:1463 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 7 81 theme processing 1532:1541 arg1 conditions 1543:1552 different processing conditions 1522:1552 different processing conditions 1522:1552 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 3 82 from ℃ 760:760 arg1 glycerin 765:772 glycerin 765:772 glycerin 765:772 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 8 83 theme absorption 1836:1845 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 83 theme absorption 1836:1845 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 5 84 theme cellulose 1161:1169 arg1 yield 1152:1156 yield 1152:1156 yield of cellulose 1152:1169 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 0 85 theme Fourier 65:71 arg1 Analysis 91:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 7 86 theme degradation 1481:1491 arg1 degree 1493:1498 degradation degree 1481:1498 degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions 1481:1552 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 6 87 from addition 1366:1373 arg1 effect 1380:1385 the effect 1376:1385 the effect 1376:1385 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 6 87 from addition 1366:1373 arg1 remarkable 1395:1404 remarkable 1395:1404 remarkable 1395:1404 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 0 88 theme Spectrum 82:89 arg1 Analysis 91:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 8 89 theme infrared 1573:1580 arg1 spectrum 1582:1589 The infrared spectrum 1569:1589 The infrared spectrum analysis 1569:1598 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 1 90 theme critical 162:169 arg1 pretreatment 117:128 Thermochemical pretreatment 102:128 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass 102:155 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 1 90 theme critical 162:169 arg1 step 171:174 a critical step 160:174 a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels 160:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 7 91 with degree 1493:1498 arg1 conditions 1543:1552 different processing conditions 1522:1552 different processing conditions 1522:1552 The changes of degradation degree of hemicellulose with different processing conditions were the same. 30198674 1 92 link hemicellulose-derived 218:238 arg1 sugars 240:245 cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 204:245 cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars 204:245 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 30198674 4 93 theme thermochemical 1102:1115 arg1 pretreatment 1117:1128 the thermochemical pretreatment 1098:1128 the thermochemical pretreatment 1098:1128 The results showed that the output cellulose increased significantly after the thermochemical pretreatment. 30198674 2 94 theme pretreatment 320:331 arg1 process 333:339 The pretreatment process 316:339 The pretreatment process 316:339 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 0 95 with Pretreatment 47:58 arg1 Analysis 91:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 65:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 5 96 theme lignin 1195:1200 arg1 rules 1142:1146 The change rules 1131:1146 The change rules for yield of cellulose 1131:1169 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 5 96 theme lignin 1195:1200 arg1 rate 1187:1190 the removal rate 1175:1190 the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition 1175:1243 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 8 97 theme ring 1816:1819 arg1 peak 1847:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak 1808:1850 benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin 1808:1860 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 8 97 theme ring 1816:1819 arg1 steep 1737:1741 the obvious steep 1725:1741 the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks 1725:1805 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 98 theme conversion 935:944 arg1 mechanism 909:917 the mechanism 905:917 the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum 905:1020 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 5 99 theme dilute 1325:1330 arg1 acid 1332:1335 dilute acid 1325:1335 dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) 1325:1347 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 10 100 theme Fourier 2061:2067 arg1 spectrum 2078:2085 Fourier infrared spectrum 2061:2085 Fourier infrared spectrum 2061:2085 The analysis results of Fourier infrared spectrum are consistent with the standard measurement. 30198674 0 101 theme Chemical 5:12 arg1 Composition 14:24 [The Chemical Composition 0:24 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis 0:98 [The Chemical Composition of Bamboo after Heat Pretreatment with Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis]. 30198674 8 102 theme asymmetric 1620:1629 arg1 peak 1652:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 6 103 from medium 1458:1463 arg1 effect 1380:1385 the effect 1376:1385 the effect 1376:1385 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 6 103 from medium 1458:1463 arg1 remarkable 1395:1404 remarkable 1395:1404 remarkable 1395:1404 In addition, the effect is more remarkable under the condition of 135 ℃ than 117 ℃ in the same medium. 30198674 3 104 from ℃ 699:699 arg1 NaOH 748:751 NaOH 748:751 NaOH 748:751 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 104 from ℃ 699:699 arg1 alkali 740:745 dilute alkali 733:745 dilute alkali (NaOH) 733:752 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 104 from ℃ 699:699 arg1 acid 713:716 sulfuric acid 704:716 sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) 704:728 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 8 105 theme vibration 1642:1650 arg1 peak 1652:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak 1614:1655 The infrared spectrum analysis provided that C—O—C asymmetric stretching vibration peak appeared in cellulose decomposition after heat treatment, and it is the obvious steep fall in hemicelluloses infrared absorption characteristic peaks, benzene ring characteristic absorption peak of lignin has been abated. 30198674 3 106 theme dilute 609:614 arg1 NaOH 624:627 NaOH 624:627 NaOH 624:627 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 106 theme dilute 609:614 arg1 alkali 616:621 dilute alkali 609:621 dilute alkali (NaOH) 609:628 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 106 theme dilute 609:614 arg1 acid 591:594 sulfuric acid 582:594 sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) 582:606 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 3 107 theme chemical 952:959 arg1 pretreatment 961:972 chemical pretreatment 952:972 chemical pretreatment of bamboo 952:982 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 2 108 theme cell 436:439 arg1 wall 441:444 the cell wall 432:444 the cell wall 432:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 3 109 theme Fourier 996:1002 arg1 spectrum 1013:1020 the Fourier infrared spectrum 992:1020 the Fourier infrared spectrum 992:1020 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 2 110 theme plant 489:493 arg1 wall 500:503 plant cell wall 489:503 plant cell wall 489:503 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 5 111 theme alkali 1271:1276 arg1 treatment 1285:1293 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment 1264:1293 dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect 1264:1300 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 2 112 theme dissolving 365:374 arg1 lignin 376:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 hard dissolving lignin 360:381 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 3 113 theme main 801:804 arg1 changes 806:812 the main changes 797:812 the main changes of chemical composition 797:836 Research with medium of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), dilute alkali (NaOH) and glycerin, and at different pretreatment temperature (117 and 135 ℃ in sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))and dilute alkali (NaOH) , 117 ℃ in glycerin) analyzed and compared the main changes of chemical composition before and after the bamboo processing, and further confirmed that the mechanism of the chemical conversion after chemical pretreatment of bamboo through the Fourier infrared spectrum. 30198674 5 114 theme pretreatment 1222:1233 arg1 condition 1235:1243 the different pretreatment condition 1208:1243 the different pretreatment condition 1208:1243 The change rules for yield of cellulose and the removal rate of lignin under the different pretreatment condition had been indicated dilute alkali (NaOH) treatment effect is better than that of dilute acid (H(2)SO(4)) and glycerin. 30198674 2 115 theme physical 391:398 arg1 separation 400:409 the physical separation 387:409 the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall 387:444 The pretreatment process can quickly remove hard dissolving lignin and the physical separation of hemicelluloses in the cell wall while changing the chemical composition in plant cell wall, so as to increase the production of lignocellulose. 30198674 1 116 theme effective 258:266 arg1 utilization 268:278 effective utilization 258:278 effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels 258:313 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical step in obtaining high yields of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived sugars to realize effective utilization of cellulose in renewable biofuels. 29190464 0 0 theme MRI 94:96 arg1 agents 107:112 MRI contrast agents 94:112 MRI contrast agents for macrophages 94:128 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 8 1 theme contrast 1634:1641 arg1 ability 1653:1659 a negative contrast enhancing ability 1623:1659 a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI 1623:1667 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles exhibited a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI. 29190464 1 2 theme fabrication 161:171 arg1 process 173:179 a facile one-pot fabrication process 144:179 a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 144:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 9 3 theme MRI 1744:1746 arg1 potential 1718:1726 potential 1718:1726 potential 1718:1726 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 9 3 theme MRI 1744:1746 arg1 agents 1757:1762 MRI contrast agents 1744:1762 MRI contrast agents for macrophages 1744:1778 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 7 4 theme murine 1334:1339 arg1 macrophages 1341:1351 murine macrophages 1334:1351 murine macrophages (RAW264.7) 1334:1362 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 7 4 theme murine 1334:1339 arg1 RAW264.7 1354:1361 RAW264.7 1354:1361 RAW264.7 1354:1361 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 6 5 theme resulting 1020:1028 arg1 nanoparticles 1030:1042 Both the resulting nanoparticles 1011:1042 Both the resulting nanoparticles 1011:1042 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 1 6 theme labile 279:284 arg1 solutions 305:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions 279:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals 279:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 7 7 theme heparin-modified 1267:1282 arg1 nanoparticles 1291:1303 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1263:1303 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1263:1303 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 7 8 theme non-phagocytotic 1428:1443 arg1 cells 1478:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 7 9 theme human 1445:1449 arg1 cells 1478:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 4 10 theme supersaturated 790:803 arg1 solutions 809:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 9 11 theme IO-CaP 1692:1697 arg1 nanoparticles 1699:1711 IO-CaP nanoparticles 1692:1711 IO-CaP nanoparticles 1692:1711 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 1 12 theme supersaturated 286:299 arg1 solutions 305:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions 279:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals 279:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 0 13 theme contrast 98:105 arg1 agents 107:112 MRI contrast agents 94:112 MRI contrast agents for macrophages 94:128 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 4 14 theme labile 783:788 arg1 solutions 809:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 6 15 from groups 1141:1146 arg1 ATP 1163:1165 ATP 1163:1165 ATP 1163:1165 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 6 15 from groups 1141:1146 arg1 heparin 1151:1157 heparin 1151:1157 heparin 1151:1157 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 3 16 theme resulting 565:573 arg1 pathogen- 594:602 pathogen- 594:602 pathogen- 594:602 This ensured that the resulting nanoparticles were pathogen- and endotoxin-free. 29190464 3 16 theme resulting 565:573 arg1 nanoparticles 575:587 the resulting nanoparticles 561:587 the resulting nanoparticles 561:587 This ensured that the resulting nanoparticles were pathogen- and endotoxin-free. 29190464 1 17 theme CaP 301:303 arg1 solutions 305:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions 279:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals 279:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 1 18 contain containing 315:324 arg1 solutions 305:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions 279:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals 279:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 1 18 contain containing 315:324 arg2 nanocrystals 329:340 IO nanocrystals 326:340 IO nanocrystals 326:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 4 19 theme triphosphate 708:719 arg1 ATP 739:741 ATP 739:741 ATP 739:741 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 4 19 theme triphosphate 708:719 arg1 hydrate 730:736 adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate 698:736 adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP) 698:742 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 2 20 theme magnetic 433:440 arg1 nanocrystals 445:456 magnetic IO nanocrystals 433:456 magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent) 433:540 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 21 theme negative 484:491 arg1 MRI 521:523 MRI 521:523 MRI 521:523 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 21 theme negative 484:491 arg1 imaging 512:518 negative magnetic resonance imaging 484:518 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 22 theme imaging 512:518 arg1 agent 535:539 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 4 23 theme CaP 805:807 arg1 solutions 809:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 1 24 theme magnetic 185:192 arg1 nanoparticles 242:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 0 25 theme one-pot 7:13 arg1 fabrication 15:25 Facile one-pot fabrication 0:25 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite 0:62 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 2 26 theme source 351:356 arg1 solutions 358:366 All the source solutions 343:366 All the source solutions used 343:371 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 26 theme source 351:356 arg1 approved 389:396 approved 389:396 approved 389:396 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 6 27 theme charged 1122:1128 arg1 groups 1141:1146 the negatively charged functional groups 1107:1146 the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP 1107:1165 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 1 28 theme iron 194:197 arg1 nanoparticles 242:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 0 29 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 fabrication 15:25 Facile one-pot fabrication 0:25 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite 0:62 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 5 30 theme heparin- 891:898 arg1 nanoparticles 924:936 heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 891:936 heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 891:936 Both heparin and ATP coprecipitated with CaP and ferucarbotran to form heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles, respectively, with a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers. 29190464 1 31 theme oxide-calcium 199:211 arg1 nanoparticles 242:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 9 32 contain have 1713:1716 arg2 potential 1718:1726 potential 1718:1726 potential 1718:1726 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 9 32 contain have 1713:1716 arg1 nanoparticles 1699:1711 IO-CaP nanoparticles 1692:1711 IO-CaP nanoparticles 1692:1711 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 9 32 contain have 1713:1716 arg2 agents 1757:1762 MRI contrast agents 1744:1762 MRI contrast agents for macrophages 1744:1778 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 4 33 theme IO-containing 769:781 arg1 solutions 809:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 765:817 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 4 34 dep heparin 686:692 arg1 added 756:760 added 756:760 were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions 751:817 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 1 35 theme phosphate 213:221 arg1 nanoparticles 242:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 1 36 theme IO 326:327 arg1 nanocrystals 329:340 IO nanocrystals 326:340 IO nanocrystals 326:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 6 37 theme non-modified 1228:1239 arg1 nanoparticles 1248:1260 non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1228:1260 non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1228:1260 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 5 38 theme few 987:989 arg1 nanometers 999:1008 a few hundred nanometers 985:1008 a few hundred nanometers 985:1008 Both heparin and ATP coprecipitated with CaP and ferucarbotran to form heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles, respectively, with a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers. 29190464 6 39 theme particle 1187:1194 arg1 dispersibility 1196:1209 the particle dispersibility 1183:1209 the particle dispersibility 1183:1209 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 7 40 theme nanoparticles 1519:1531 arg1 potential 1500:1508 the potential 1496:1508 the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages 1496:1568 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 4 41 theme heparin 670:676 arg1 dispersants 628:638 The dispersants 624:638 The dispersants used 624:643 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 4 41 theme heparin 670:676 arg1 heparin 686:692 clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) 650:693 clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) 650:693 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 0 42 theme phosphate-based 38:52 arg1 composite 54:62 calcium phosphate-based composite 30:62 calcium phosphate-based composite 30:62 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 7 43 theme significant 1380:1390 arg1 cytotoxicity 1392:1403 significant cytotoxicity 1380:1403 significant cytotoxicity 1380:1403 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 2 44 dep nanocrystals 445:456 arg1 ferucarbotran 459:471 ferucarbotran 459:471 ferucarbotran 459:471 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 4 45 theme adenosine 698:706 arg1 triphosphate 708:719 adenosine triphosphate 698:719 adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP) 698:742 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 1 46 theme IO-CaP 224:229 arg1 nanoparticles 242:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 0 47 theme calcium 30:36 arg1 composite 54:62 calcium phosphate-based composite 30:62 calcium phosphate-based composite 30:62 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 2 48 theme resonance 502:510 arg1 MRI 521:523 MRI 521:523 MRI 521:523 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 48 theme resonance 502:510 arg1 imaging 512:518 negative magnetic resonance imaging 484:518 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 8 49 theme IO-CaP 1592:1597 arg1 nanoparticles 1599:1611 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1571:1611 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1571:1611 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles exhibited a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI. 29190464 6 50 theme negative 1071:1078 arg1 potentials 1085:1094 relatively large negative zeta potentials 1054:1094 relatively large negative zeta potentials 1054:1094 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 2 51 theme IO 442:443 arg1 nanocrystals 445:456 magnetic IO nanocrystals 433:456 magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent) 433:540 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 52 theme magnetic 493:500 arg1 MRI 521:523 MRI 521:523 MRI 521:523 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 2 52 theme magnetic 493:500 arg1 imaging 512:518 negative magnetic resonance imaging 484:518 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 5 53 theme ATP-modified 904:915 arg1 IO-CaP 917:922 ATP-modified IO-CaP 904:922 ATP-modified IO-CaP 904:922 Both heparin and ATP coprecipitated with CaP and ferucarbotran to form heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles, respectively, with a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers. 29190464 8 54 theme heparin-modified 1575:1590 arg1 nanoparticles 1599:1611 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1571:1611 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1571:1611 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles exhibited a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI. 29190464 9 55 theme contrast 1748:1755 arg1 potential 1718:1726 potential 1718:1726 potential 1718:1726 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 9 55 theme contrast 1748:1755 arg1 agents 1757:1762 MRI contrast agents 1744:1762 MRI contrast agents for macrophages 1744:1778 Our results show that IO-CaP nanoparticles have potential as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 0 56 theme composite 54:62 arg1 fabrication 15:25 Facile one-pot fabrication 0:25 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite 0:62 Facile one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles as delivery and MRI contrast agents for macrophages. 29190464 6 57 theme IO-CaP 1241:1246 arg1 nanoparticles 1248:1260 non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1228:1260 non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1228:1260 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 1 58 from coprecipitation 260:274 arg1 solutions 305:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions 279:313 labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals 279:340 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 7 59 theme IO-CaP 1284:1289 arg1 nanoparticles 1291:1303 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1263:1303 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 1263:1303 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 7 60 theme endothelial 1466:1476 arg1 cells 1478:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 7 61 theme targeted 1537:1544 arg1 delivery 1546:1553 targeted delivery 1537:1553 targeted delivery to macrophages 1537:1568 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 5 62 theme hydrodynamic 960:971 arg1 diameter 973:980 a hydrodynamic diameter 958:980 a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers 958:1008 Both heparin and ATP coprecipitated with CaP and ferucarbotran to form heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles, respectively, with a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers. 29190464 5 63 theme IO-CaP 917:922 arg1 nanoparticles 924:936 heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 891:936 heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles 891:936 Both heparin and ATP coprecipitated with CaP and ferucarbotran to form heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles, respectively, with a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers. 29190464 1 64 theme composite 232:240 arg1 nanoparticles 242:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 185:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 8 65 theme negative 1625:1632 arg1 ability 1653:1659 a negative contrast enhancing ability 1623:1659 a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI 1623:1667 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles exhibited a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI. 29190464 5 66 theme nanometers 999:1008 arg1 diameter 973:980 a hydrodynamic diameter 958:980 a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers 958:1008 Both heparin and ATP coprecipitated with CaP and ferucarbotran to form heparin- and ATP-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles, respectively, with a hydrodynamic diameter of a few hundred nanometers. 29190464 4 67 theme disodium 721:728 arg1 ATP 739:741 ATP 739:741 ATP 739:741 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 4 67 theme disodium 721:728 arg1 hydrate 730:736 adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate 698:736 adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP) 698:742 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 6 68 theme zeta 1080:1083 arg1 potentials 1085:1094 relatively large negative zeta potentials 1054:1094 relatively large negative zeta potentials 1054:1094 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 2 69 theme contrast 526:533 arg1 agent 535:539 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 482:539 All the source solutions used were clinically approved for injection, including water and magnetic IO nanocrystals (ferucarbotran, used as a negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent). 29190464 7 70 theme umbilical 1451:1459 arg1 cells 1478:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 4 71 theme sodium 678:683 arg1 dispersants 628:638 The dispersants 624:638 The dispersants used 624:643 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 4 71 theme sodium 678:683 arg1 heparin 686:692 clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) 650:693 clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) 650:693 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 1 72 theme facile 146:151 arg1 process 173:179 a facile one-pot fabrication process 144:179 a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 144:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 6 73 theme functional 1130:1139 arg1 groups 1141:1146 the negatively charged functional groups 1107:1146 the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP 1107:1165 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 29190464 4 74 theme approved 661:668 arg1 dispersants 628:638 The dispersants 624:638 The dispersants used 624:643 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 4 74 theme approved 661:668 arg1 heparin 686:692 clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) 650:693 clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) 650:693 The dispersants used were clinically approved heparin sodium (heparin) or adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP), which were added to the IO-containing labile supersaturated CaP solutions. 29190464 8 75 theme enhancing 1643:1651 arg1 ability 1653:1659 a negative contrast enhancing ability 1623:1659 a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI 1623:1667 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles exhibited a negative contrast enhancing ability for MRI. 29190464 7 76 theme vein 1461:1464 arg1 cells 1478:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1428:1482 The heparin-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles were effectively ingested by murine macrophages (RAW264.7) without showing significant cytotoxicity but barely ingested by non-phagocytotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages. 29190464 1 77 theme one-pot 153:159 arg1 process 173:179 a facile one-pot fabrication process 144:179 a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles 144:254 We developed a facile one-pot fabrication process for magnetic iron oxide-calcium phosphate (IO-CaP) composite nanoparticles via coprecipitation in labile supersaturated CaP solutions containing IO nanocrystals. 29190464 6 78 theme large 1065:1069 arg1 potentials 1085:1094 relatively large negative zeta potentials 1054:1094 relatively large negative zeta potentials 1054:1094 Both the resulting nanoparticles exhibited relatively large negative zeta potentials, caused by the negatively charged functional groups in heparin and ATP, which improved the particle dispersibility when compared to non-modified IO-CaP nanoparticles. 24971555 0 0 theme responsive 83:92 arg1 delivery 99:106 pH responsive drug delivery 80:106 pH responsive drug delivery 80:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 7 1 theme acidic 1191:1196 arg1 pH 1198:1199 acidic pH 1191:1199 acidic pH 1191:1199 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 1 2 theme promising 263:271 arg1 material 283:290 promising polymeric material 263:290 promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads 263:338 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 2 3 theme irradiation 424:434 arg1 time 436:439 the net microwave irradiation time 406:439 the net microwave irradiation time 406:439 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 6 4 from microbeads 1036:1045 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of both 1051:1068 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 4 from microbeads 1036:1045 arg1 rate 1008:1011 release rate 1000:1011 release rate of drug from developed microbeads 1000:1045 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 1 5 theme polymeric 273:281 arg1 material 283:290 promising polymeric material 263:290 promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads 263:338 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 5 6 theme chemical 796:803 arg1 compatibility 805:817 the chemical compatibility 792:817 the chemical compatibility between drug and graft copolymer 792:850 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compatibility between drug and graft copolymer. 24971555 6 7 theme acid 947:950 arg1 buffer 952:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 7 theme acid 947:950 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 8 8 theme drug 1477:1480 arg1 carriers 1491:1498 drug delivery carriers 1477:1498 drug delivery carriers 1477:1498 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 6 9 theme both 1065:1068 arg1 rate 1008:1011 release rate 1000:1011 release rate of drug from developed microbeads 1000:1045 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 9 theme both 1065:1068 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of both 1051:1068 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 4 10 theme microbeads 637:646 arg1 batches 607:613 Various batches 599:613 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads 599:646 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 0 11 theme drug 94:97 arg1 delivery 99:106 pH responsive drug delivery 80:106 pH responsive drug delivery 80:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 4 12 theme gelation 671:678 arg1 method 680:685 ionic gelation method 665:685 ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers 665:720 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 6 13 theme study 881:885 arg1 Results 853:859 Results 853:859 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 853:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 3 14 theme clinical 577:584 arg1 application 586:596 clinical application 577:596 clinical application 577:596 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. 24971555 4 15 theme loaded 630:635 arg1 microbeads 637:646 aceclofenac loaded microbeads 618:646 aceclofenac loaded microbeads 618:646 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 2 16 theme copolymer 367:375 arg1 grades 351:356 Different grades 341:356 Different grades of graft copolymer 341:375 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 3 17 theme toxicity 495:502 arg1 study 504:508 Acute oral toxicity study 484:508 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents 484:529 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. 24971555 3 18 theme graft 557:561 arg1 copolymer 563:571 graft copolymer 557:571 graft copolymer 557:571 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. 24971555 1 19 theme pharmaceutical 171:184 arg1 application 186:196 pharmaceutical application 171:196 pharmaceutical application 171:196 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 7 20 theme drug 1126:1129 arg1 release 1131:1137 The drug release 1122:1137 The drug release 1122:1137 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 7 20 theme drug 1126:1129 arg1 higher 1154:1159 higher 1154:1159 higher 1154:1159 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 4 21 theme aceclofenac 618:628 arg1 microbeads 637:646 aceclofenac loaded microbeads 618:646 aceclofenac loaded microbeads 618:646 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 7 22 from viewpoint 1236:1244 arg1 desirable 1221:1229 desirable 1221:1229 desirable 1221:1229 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 3 23 theme copolymer 563:571 arg1 bio-safety 543:552 the bio-safety 539:552 the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application 539:596 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. 24971555 2 24 theme microwave 414:422 arg1 irradiation 424:434 the net microwave irradiation 406:434 the net microwave irradiation time 406:439 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 4 25 theme Various 599:605 arg1 batches 607:613 Various batches 599:613 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads 599:646 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 7 26 theme drug 1263:1266 arg1 delivery 1268:1275 site specific drug delivery 1249:1275 site specific drug delivery 1249:1275 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 6 27 theme in 864:865 arg1 study 881:885 in vitro release study 864:885 in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 864:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 27 theme in 864:865 arg1 USP 888:890 USP type-II 888:898 USP type-II 888:898 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 2 28 theme Different 341:349 arg1 grades 351:356 Different grades 341:356 Different grades of graft copolymer 341:375 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 6 29 theme pH 940:941 arg1 buffer 952:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 29 theme pH 940:941 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 2 30 theme net 410:412 arg1 irradiation 424:434 the net microwave irradiation 406:434 the net microwave irradiation time 406:439 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 0 31 theme Hydrolyzed 0:9 arg1 polyacrylamide 11:24 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide 0:24 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide 0:24 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 6 32 dep in 864:865 arg1 vitro 867:871 vitro 867:871 vitro 867:871 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 33 theme type-II 892:898 arg1 study 881:885 in vitro release study 864:885 in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 864:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 33 theme type-II 892:898 arg1 USP 888:890 USP type-II 888:898 USP type-II 888:898 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 8 34 theme microbeads 1344:1353 arg1 performance 1355:1365 microbeads performance 1344:1365 microbeads performance 1344:1365 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 6 35 theme developed 1026:1034 arg1 microbeads 1036:1045 developed microbeads 1026:1045 developed microbeads 1026:1045 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 1 36 theme hydrolysed 201:210 arg1 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 36 theme hydrolysed 201:210 arg1 starch 241:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch 201:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) 201:258 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 0 37 theme maize 34:38 arg1 microbeads 53:62 maize starch based microbeads 34:62 maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery 34:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 6 38 theme release 1000:1006 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of both 1051:1068 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 38 theme release 1000:1006 arg1 rate 1008:1011 release rate 1000:1011 release rate of drug from developed microbeads 1000:1045 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 5 39 theme FTIR 764:767 arg1 spectroscopy 769:780 FTIR spectroscopy 764:780 FTIR spectroscopy 764:780 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compatibility between drug and graft copolymer. 24971555 6 40 theme release 873:879 arg1 study 881:885 in vitro release study 864:885 in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 864:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 40 theme release 873:879 arg1 USP 888:890 USP type-II 888:898 USP type-II 888:898 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 1 41 dep synthesis 139:147 arg1 the 135:137 the 135:137 the 135:137 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 42 theme polyacrylamide 212:225 arg1 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 42 theme polyacrylamide 212:225 arg1 starch 241:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch 201:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) 201:258 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 7 43 theme delivery 1268:1275 arg1 viewpoint 1236:1244 viewpoint 1236:1244 viewpoint of site specific drug delivery 1236:1275 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 6 44 theme pH 930:931 arg1 buffer 980:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 44 theme pH 930:931 arg1 buffer 952:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 44 theme pH 930:931 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 45 dep surrounding 1075:1085 arg1 a 1072:1072 a 1072:1072 a 1072:1072 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 8 46 from research 1403:1410 arg1 optimization 1431:1442 optimization 1431:1442 optimization 1431:1442 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 8 46 from research 1403:1410 arg1 application 1415:1425 application 1415:1425 application 1415:1425 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 1 47 theme grafted 227:233 arg1 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 47 theme grafted 227:233 arg1 starch 241:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch 201:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) 201:258 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 0 48 theme based 47:51 arg1 microbeads 53:62 maize starch based microbeads 34:62 maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery 34:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 1 49 theme pH 315:316 arg1 microbeads 329:338 pH responsive microbeads 315:338 pH responsive microbeads 315:338 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 4 50 theme synthesized 693:703 arg1 copolymers 711:720 synthesized graft copolymers 693:720 synthesized graft copolymers 693:720 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 1 51 theme maize 235:239 arg1 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 HPam-g-MS 249:257 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 51 theme maize 235:239 arg1 starch 241:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch 201:246 hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) 201:258 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 0 52 theme starch 40:45 arg1 microbeads 53:62 maize starch based microbeads 34:62 maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery 34:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 1 53 theme responsive 318:327 arg1 microbeads 329:338 pH responsive microbeads 315:338 pH responsive microbeads 315:338 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 8 54 theme HPam-g-MS 1447:1455 arg1 microbeads 1463:1472 HPam-g-MS based microbeads 1447:1472 HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers 1447:1498 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 0 55 dep microbeads 53:62 arg1 application 65:75 application 65:75 maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery 34:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 1 56 theme starch 241:246 arg1 characterization 150:165 characterization 150:165 characterization 150:165 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 56 theme starch 241:246 arg1 application 186:196 pharmaceutical application 171:196 pharmaceutical application 171:196 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 56 theme starch 241:246 arg1 synthesis 139:147 synthesis 139:147 synthesis 139:147 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 1 57 theme microbeads 329:338 arg1 development 300:310 the development 296:310 the development of pH responsive microbeads 296:338 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 0 58 from application 65:75 arg1 delivery 99:106 pH responsive drug delivery 80:106 pH responsive drug delivery 80:106 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch based microbeads: application in pH responsive drug delivery. 24971555 8 59 theme delivery 1482:1489 arg1 carriers 1491:1498 drug delivery carriers 1477:1498 drug delivery carriers 1477:1498 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 1 60 theme present 113:119 arg1 study 121:125 The present study 109:125 The present study 109:125 The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. 24971555 2 61 theme other 460:464 arg1 factors 466:472 all other factors 456:472 all other factors 456:472 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 6 62 theme phosphate 970:978 arg1 buffer 980:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 62 theme phosphate 970:978 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 8 63 theme microbeads 1463:1472 arg1 optimization 1431:1442 optimization 1431:1442 optimization 1431:1442 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 8 63 theme microbeads 1463:1472 arg1 application 1415:1425 application 1415:1425 application 1415:1425 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 8 64 dep percentage 1320:1329 arg1 grafting 1331:1338 grafting 1331:1338 grafting 1331:1338 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 2 65 theme graft 361:365 arg1 copolymer 367:375 graft copolymer 361:375 graft copolymer 361:375 Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. 24971555 8 66 theme based 1457:1461 arg1 microbeads 1463:1472 HPam-g-MS based microbeads 1447:1472 HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers 1447:1498 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 6 67 theme matrix 1102:1107 arg1 composition 1109:1119 the matrix composition 1098:1119 (b) the matrix composition 1094:1119 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 68 theme drug 1016:1019 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of both 1051:1068 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 68 theme drug 1016:1019 arg1 rate 1008:1011 release rate 1000:1011 release rate of drug from developed microbeads 1000:1045 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 7 69 theme specific 1254:1261 arg1 delivery 1268:1275 site specific drug delivery 1249:1275 site specific drug delivery 1249:1275 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24971555 8 70 theme further 1395:1401 arg1 research 1403:1410 further research 1395:1410 further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers 1395:1498 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 6 71 dep media 933:937 arg1 buffer 980:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 71 dep media 933:937 arg1 buffer 952:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 71 dep media 933:937 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 72 theme different 920:928 arg1 buffer 980:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 72 theme different 920:928 arg1 buffer 952:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 pH 1.2 acid buffer 940:957 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 72 theme different 920:928 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 3 73 theme Acute 484:488 arg1 study 504:508 Acute oral toxicity study 484:508 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents 484:529 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. 24971555 3 74 theme oral 490:493 arg1 study 504:508 Acute oral toxicity study 484:508 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents 484:529 Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. 24971555 4 75 theme formulation 740:750 arg1 parameters 752:761 formulation parameters 740:761 formulation parameters 740:761 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 4 76 theme graft 705:709 arg1 copolymers 711:720 synthesized graft copolymers 693:720 synthesized graft copolymers 693:720 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 4 77 theme ionic 665:669 arg1 method 680:685 ionic gelation method 665:685 ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers 665:720 Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. 24971555 5 78 theme graft 836:840 arg1 copolymer 842:850 graft copolymer 836:850 graft copolymer 836:850 FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compatibility between drug and graft copolymer. 24971555 6 79 theme pH 963:964 arg1 buffer 980:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 963:985 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 79 theme pH 963:964 arg1 media 933:937 two different pH media 916:937 two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) 916:986 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 6 80 dep composition 1109:1119 arg1 b 1095:1095 b 1095:1095 b 1095:1095 Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. 24971555 8 81 theme direct 1280:1285 arg1 correlation 1287:1297 A direct correlation 1278:1297 A direct correlation 1278:1297 A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers. 24971555 7 82 theme alkaline 1164:1171 arg1 pH 1173:1174 alkaline pH 1164:1174 alkaline pH 1164:1174 The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. 24444939 5 0 theme -β-D-xylan 682:691 arg1 O-2 668:670 O-2 668:670 O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 668:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 5 1 theme 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic 613:645 arg1 group 652:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group 609:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 609:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 1 2 theme food 148:151 arg1 polysaccharide 179:192 a water-soluble polysaccharide 163:192 a water-soluble polysaccharide 163:192 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 1 2 theme food 148:151 arg1 industry 153:160 the food industry 144:160 the food industry 144:160 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 1 3 theme tricuspidata 237:248 arg1 roots 219:223 roots 219:223 roots of Cudrania tricuspidata 219:248 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 3 4 theme polysaccharide 300:313 arg1 Da 345:346 4.0×10(4) Da 335:346 4.0×10(4) Da 335:346 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be 4.0×10(4) Da. 24444939 3 4 theme polysaccharide 300:313 arg1 weight 285:290 The average molecular weight 263:290 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide 263:313 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be 4.0×10(4) Da. 24444939 0 5 from elucidation 10:20 arg1 roots 77:81 roots 77:81 roots of Cudrania tricuspidata 77:106 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 6 6 theme non-reducing 741:752 arg1 residue 763:769 one non-reducing terminal residue 737:769 one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues 737:831 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 6 6 theme non-reducing 741:752 arg1 acid 798:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 4 7 theme composition 364:374 arg1 analysis 376:383 Monosaccharide composition analysis 349:383 Monosaccharide composition analysis 349:383 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 0 8 theme Cudrania 86:93 arg1 tricuspidata 95:106 Cudrania tricuspidata 86:106 Cudrania tricuspidata 86:106 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 5 9 theme NMR 511:513 arg1 spectroscopy 515:526 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 505:526 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 505:526 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 4 10 theme Monosaccharide 349:362 arg1 analysis 376:383 Monosaccharide composition analysis 349:383 Monosaccharide composition analysis 349:383 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 6 11 theme xylose 817:822 arg1 residues 824:831 every four xylose residues 806:831 every four xylose residues 806:831 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 8 12 theme potential 984:992 arg1 immunostimulant 994:1008 a potential immunostimulant 982:1008 a potential immunostimulant used in the food industry 982:1034 It was suggested that CTPB1 could be a potential immunostimulant used in the food industry. 24444939 8 12 theme potential 984:992 arg1 CTPB1 967:971 CTPB1 967:971 CTPB1 967:971 It was suggested that CTPB1 could be a potential immunostimulant used in the food industry. 24444939 5 13 theme CTPB1 546:550 arg1 structure 533:541 the structure 529:541 the structure of CTPB1 529:550 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 5 13 theme CTPB1 546:550 arg1 -D-xylan 594:601 -D-xylan 594:601 -D-xylan 594:601 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 5 14 theme methylation 471:481 arg1 analysis 483:490 methylation analysis 471:490 methylation analysis 471:490 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 0 15 theme tricuspidata 95:106 arg1 roots 77:81 roots 77:81 roots of Cudrania tricuspidata 77:106 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 5 16 theme C 509:509 arg1 spectroscopy 515:526 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 505:526 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 505:526 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 0 17 from activity 43:50 arg1 roots 77:81 roots 77:81 roots of Cudrania tricuspidata 77:106 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 5 18 theme 1→4 678:680 arg1 -β-D-xylan 682:691 a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 675:691 a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 675:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 5 19 attach linked 658:663 arg2 group 652:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group 609:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 609:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 5 19 attach linked 658:663 arg1 O-2 668:670 O-2 668:670 O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 668:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 1 20 theme water-soluble 165:177 arg1 polysaccharide 179:192 a water-soluble polysaccharide 163:192 a water-soluble polysaccharide 163:192 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 1 20 theme water-soluble 165:177 arg1 industry 153:160 the food industry 144:160 the food industry 144:160 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 0 21 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 6 22 theme repeating 698:706 arg1 unit 708:711 The repeating unit 694:711 The repeating unit of CTPB1 694:720 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 6 23 theme acid 798:801 arg1 residue 763:769 one non-reducing terminal residue 737:769 one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues 737:831 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 6 23 theme acid 798:801 arg1 acid 798:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 0 24 theme immunomodulatory 26:41 arg1 activity 43:50 immunomodulatory activity 26:50 immunomodulatory activity 26:50 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 7 25 theme in 867:868 arg1 assays 860:865 Immunomodulatory activity assays 834:865 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro 834:874 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro showed that CTPB1 may induce the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 24444939 5 26 theme acid 647:650 arg1 group 652:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group 609:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 609:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 6 27 theme CTPB1 716:720 arg1 unit 708:711 The repeating unit 694:711 The repeating unit of CTPB1 694:720 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 5 28 dep H 499:499 arg1 1 497:497 1 497:497 1 497:497 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 0 29 from roots 77:81 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 0 29 from roots 77:81 arg1 activity 43:50 immunomodulatory activity 26:50 immunomodulatory activity 26:50 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 0 29 from roots 77:81 arg1 xylan 66:70 a xylan 64:70 a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata 64:106 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 4 30 from present 423:429 arg1 polysaccharide 439:452 this polysaccharide 434:452 this polysaccharide 434:452 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 4 31 theme sugar 417:421 arg1 xylose 458:463 xylose 458:463 xylose 458:463 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 4 31 theme sugar 417:421 arg1 present 423:429 the only neutral sugar present 400:429 the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide 400:452 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 8 32 theme food 1022:1025 arg1 industry 1027:1034 the food industry 1018:1034 the food industry 1018:1034 It was suggested that CTPB1 could be a potential immunostimulant used in the food industry. 24444939 6 33 theme 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic 774:796 arg1 acid 798:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 6 34 from residue 763:769 arg1 residues 824:831 every four xylose residues 806:831 every four xylose residues 806:831 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 7 35 theme activity 851:858 arg1 assays 860:865 Immunomodulatory activity assays 834:865 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro 834:874 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro showed that CTPB1 may induce the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 24444939 3 36 theme average 267:273 arg1 Da 345:346 4.0×10(4) Da 335:346 4.0×10(4) Da 335:346 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be 4.0×10(4) Da. 24444939 3 36 theme average 267:273 arg1 weight 285:290 The average molecular weight 263:290 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide 263:313 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be 4.0×10(4) Da. 24444939 6 37 theme terminal 754:761 arg1 residue 763:769 one non-reducing terminal residue 737:769 one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues 737:831 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 6 37 theme terminal 754:761 arg1 acid 798:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 774:801 The repeating unit of CTPB1 is composed of one non-reducing terminal residue of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid on every four xylose residues. 24444939 1 38 theme new 121:123 arg1 immunomodulator 125:139 new immunomodulator 121:139 new immunomodulator 121:139 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 3 39 theme molecular 275:283 arg1 Da 345:346 4.0×10(4) Da 335:346 4.0×10(4) Da 335:346 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be 4.0×10(4) Da. 24444939 3 39 theme molecular 275:283 arg1 weight 285:290 The average molecular weight 263:290 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide 263:313 The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be 4.0×10(4) Da. 24444939 4 40 theme neutral 409:415 arg1 xylose 458:463 xylose 458:463 xylose 458:463 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 4 40 theme neutral 409:415 arg1 present 423:429 the only neutral sugar present 400:429 the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide 400:452 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the only neutral sugar present in this polysaccharide was xylose. 24444939 1 41 dep obtained 205:212 arg1 Carr 251:254 Carr 251:254 Carr 251:254 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 24444939 7 42 theme mouse 926:930 arg1 splenocytes 932:942 mouse splenocytes 926:942 mouse splenocytes 926:942 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro showed that CTPB1 may induce the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 24444939 0 43 theme xylan 66:70 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 0 43 theme xylan 66:70 arg1 activity 43:50 immunomodulatory activity 26:50 immunomodulatory activity 26:50 Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of a xylan from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. 24444939 7 44 theme splenocytes 932:942 arg1 proliferation 909:921 the proliferation 905:921 the proliferation of mouse splenocytes 905:942 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro showed that CTPB1 may induce the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 24444939 7 45 theme Immunomodulatory 834:849 arg1 assays 860:865 Immunomodulatory activity assays 834:865 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro 834:874 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro showed that CTPB1 may induce the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 24444939 5 46 with -D-xylan 594:601 arg1 group 652:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group 609:656 the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan 609:691 From methylation analysis and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of CTPB1 was deduced to be (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono)-D-xylan, with the 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid group linked to O-2 of a (1→4)-β-D-xylan. 24444939 7 47 dep in 867:868 arg1 vitro 870:874 vitro 870:874 vitro 870:874 Immunomodulatory activity assays in vitro showed that CTPB1 may induce the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 24444939 1 48 theme Cudrania 228:235 arg1 tricuspidata 237:248 Cudrania tricuspidata 228:248 Cudrania tricuspidata 228:248 To discover new immunomodulator in the food industry, a water-soluble polysaccharide, CTPB1 was obtained from roots of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) 25464087 0 0 theme starch 82:87 arg1 synthases 89:97 diverse starch synthases 74:97 diverse starch synthases 74:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 8 1 theme blocks 1137:1142 arg1 number 1112:1117 the number 1108:1117 the number of small building blocks with only two chains 1108:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 10 2 theme transitory 1317:1326 arg1 starch 1328:1333 transitory starch 1317:1333 transitory starch 1317:1333 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 2 3 theme enzyme 327:332 arg1 mutants 334:340 single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3- 320:360 single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3- 320:360 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 3 theme enzyme 327:332 arg1 ss2- 348:351 ss2- 348:351 ss2- 348:351 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 3 theme enzyme 327:332 arg1 ss3- 357:360 ss3- 357:360 ss3- 357:360 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 3 theme enzyme 327:332 arg1 ss1- 342:345 ss1- 342:345 ss1- 342:345 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 4 from deficient 275:283 arg1 ss1-ss2- 387:394 ss1-ss2- 387:394 ss1-ss2- 387:394 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 4 from deficient 275:283 arg1 SS 306:307 SS 306:307 SS 306:307 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 4 from deficient 275:283 arg1 ss1-ss3- 400:407 ss1-ss3- 400:407 ss1-ss3- 400:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 4 from deficient 275:283 arg1 synthases 295:303 starch synthases 288:303 starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 288:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 0 5 theme diverse 74:80 arg1 synthases 89:97 diverse starch synthases 74:97 diverse starch synthases 74:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 0 6 from patterns 10:17 arg1 starches 27:34 leaf starches 22:34 leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 22:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 0 6 from patterns 10:17 arg1 mutants 53:59 Arabidopsis mutants 41:59 Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 41:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 8 7 with blocks 1137:1142 arg1 chains 1158:1163 only two chains 1149:1163 only two chains 1149:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 2 8 theme single 320:325 arg1 mutants 334:340 single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3- 320:360 single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3- 320:360 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 8 theme single 320:325 arg1 ss2- 348:351 ss2- 348:351 ss2- 348:351 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 8 theme single 320:325 arg1 ss3- 357:360 ss3- 357:360 ss3- 357:360 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 8 theme single 320:325 arg1 ss1- 342:345 ss1- 342:345 ss1- 342:345 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 9 from synthases 295:303 arg1 deficient 275:283 deficient 275:283 deficient 275:283 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 5 10 theme α-limit 714:720 arg1 blocks 706:711 building blocks 697:711 building blocks (α-limit dextrins) 697:730 The clusters were then further hydrolyzed with concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins). 25464087 5 10 theme α-limit 714:720 arg1 dextrins 722:729 α-limit dextrins 714:729 α-limit dextrins 714:729 The clusters were then further hydrolyzed with concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins). 25464087 9 11 theme double 1186:1191 arg1 ss1-ss3- 1200:1207 the double mutant ss1-ss3- 1182:1207 the double mutant ss1-ss3- 1182:1207 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 25464087 5 12 theme concentrated 639:650 arg1 α-amylase 652:660 concentrated α-amylase 639:660 concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins) 639:730 The clusters were then further hydrolyzed with concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins). 25464087 0 13 from mutants 53:59 arg1 patterns 10:17 Branching patterns 0:17 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 0:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 0 13 from mutants 53:59 arg1 starches 27:34 leaf starches 22:34 leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 22:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 7 14 theme building 1010:1017 arg1 blocks 1019:1024 building blocks 1010:1024 building blocks 1010:1024 While the mutations increased the size of clusters, the reasons were different as reflected by the composition of their unit chains and building blocks. 25464087 3 15 theme increased 455:463 arg1 content 473:479 increased amylose content 455:479 increased amylose content 455:479 The mutations resulted in increased amylose content. 25464087 2 16 theme starch 255:260 arg1 structures 236:245 the molecular structures 222:245 the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 222:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 1 17 theme transitory 153:162 arg1 starch 164:169 transitory starch 153:169 transitory starch 153:169 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 1 18 from report 118:123 arg1 structure 140:148 the cluster structure 128:148 the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves 128:193 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 2 19 theme leaf 250:253 arg1 starch 255:260 leaf starch 250:260 leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 250:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 1 20 theme starch 164:169 arg1 structure 140:148 the cluster structure 128:148 the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves 128:193 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 8 21 theme building 1128:1135 arg1 blocks 1137:1142 small building blocks 1122:1142 small building blocks with only two chains 1122:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 6 22 theme building 770:777 arg1 blocks 779:784 their building blocks 764:784 their building blocks 764:784 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks were characterized by chromatography of samples before and after debranching treatment. 25464087 10 23 theme starch 1492:1497 arg1 modifications 1499:1511 starch modifications 1492:1511 starch modifications 1492:1511 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 0 24 theme Branching 0:8 arg1 patterns 10:17 Branching patterns 0:17 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 0:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 10 25 from starch 1328:1333 arg1 results 1304:1310 The results 1300:1310 The results from transitory starch 1300:1333 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 9 26 theme mutant 1193:1198 arg1 ss1-ss3- 1200:1207 the double mutant ss1-ss3- 1182:1207 the double mutant ss1-ss3- 1182:1207 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 25464087 2 27 theme starch 288:293 arg1 ss1-ss2- 387:394 ss1-ss2- 387:394 ss1-ss2- 387:394 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 27 theme starch 288:293 arg1 SS 306:307 SS 306:307 SS 306:307 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 27 theme starch 288:293 arg1 ss1-ss3- 400:407 ss1-ss3- 400:407 ss1-ss3- 400:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 27 theme starch 288:293 arg1 synthases 295:303 starch synthases 288:303 starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 288:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 0 28 theme leaf 22:25 arg1 starches 27:34 leaf starches 22:34 leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 22:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 8 29 theme of 1066:1067 arg1 a-chains 1069:1076 more of a-chains 1061:1076 more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains 1061:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 9 30 theme ss1-ss3- 1200:1207 arg1 clusters 1170:1177 The clusters 1166:1177 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- 1166:1207 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 25464087 9 30 theme ss1-ss3- 1200:1207 arg1 large 1219:1223 large 1219:1223 large 1219:1223 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 25464087 10 31 theme important 1379:1387 arg1 crops 1389:1393 agriculturally important crops 1364:1393 agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means 1364:1533 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 2 32 theme double 372:377 arg1 mutants 379:385 double mutants 372:385 double mutants 372:385 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 4 33 theme partial 526:532 arg1 hydrolysis 534:543 partial hydrolysis 526:543 partial hydrolysis using α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 526:589 Clusters from whole starch were isolated by partial hydrolysis using α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 25464087 5 34 theme building 697:704 arg1 blocks 706:711 building blocks 697:711 building blocks (α-limit dextrins) 697:730 The clusters were then further hydrolyzed with concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins). 25464087 5 34 theme building 697:704 arg1 dextrins 722:729 α-limit dextrins 714:729 α-limit dextrins 714:729 The clusters were then further hydrolyzed with concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins). 25464087 2 35 theme deficient 275:283 arg1 mutants 267:273 mutants 267:273 mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 267:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 4 36 from starch 502:507 arg1 Clusters 482:489 Clusters 482:489 Clusters from whole starch 482:507 Clusters from whole starch were isolated by partial hydrolysis using α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 25464087 8 37 theme more 1061:1064 arg1 a-chains 1069:1076 more of a-chains 1061:1076 more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains 1061:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 2 38 from structures 236:245 arg1 mutants 267:273 mutants 267:273 mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 267:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 6 39 theme debranching 851:861 arg1 treatment 863:871 debranching treatment 851:871 debranching treatment 851:871 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks were characterized by chromatography of samples before and after debranching treatment. 25464087 1 40 dep Arabidopsis 176:186 arg1 leaves 188:193 leaves 188:193 leaves 188:193 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 6 41 theme clusters 751:758 arg1 Structures 733:742 Structures 733:742 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks 733:784 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks were characterized by chromatography of samples before and after debranching treatment. 25464087 2 42 dep type 216:219 arg1 addition 199:206 addition 199:206 addition 199:206 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 0 43 from deficient 61:69 arg1 synthases 89:97 diverse starch synthases 74:97 diverse starch synthases 74:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 2 44 theme wild 211:214 arg1 type 216:219 wild type 211:219 wild type 211:219 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 7 45 theme unit 994:997 arg1 chains 999:1004 unit chains 994:1004 unit chains 994:1004 While the mutations increased the size of clusters, the reasons were different as reflected by the composition of their unit chains and building blocks. 25464087 10 46 dep reflection 1477:1486 arg1 context 1402:1408 the context 1398:1408 the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means 1398:1533 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 0 47 theme Arabidopsis 41:51 arg1 mutants 53:59 Arabidopsis mutants 41:59 Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 41:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 10 48 theme biotechnological 1460:1475 arg1 Arabidopsis 1434:1444 the Arabidopsis 1430:1444 the Arabidopsis 1430:1444 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 10 48 theme biotechnological 1460:1475 arg1 reflection 1477:1486 a true biotechnological reflection 1453:1486 a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications 1453:1511 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 10 49 theme genetic 1521:1527 arg1 means 1529:1533 genetic means 1521:1533 genetic means 1521:1533 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 7 50 theme blocks 1019:1024 arg1 composition 973:983 the composition 969:983 the composition of their unit chains and building blocks 969:1024 While the mutations increased the size of clusters, the reasons were different as reflected by the composition of their unit chains and building blocks. 25464087 3 51 theme amylose 465:471 arg1 content 473:479 increased amylose content 455:479 increased amylose content 455:479 The mutations resulted in increased amylose content. 25464087 1 52 theme first 112:116 arg1 report 118:123 the first report 108:123 the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves 108:193 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 1 52 theme first 112:116 arg1 This 100:103 This 100:103 This 100:103 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 4 53 theme whole 496:500 arg1 starch 502:507 whole starch 496:507 whole starch 496:507 Clusters from whole starch were isolated by partial hydrolysis using α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 25464087 5 54 theme amyloliquefaciens 668:684 arg1 α-amylase 652:660 concentrated α-amylase 639:660 concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins) 639:730 The clusters were then further hydrolyzed with concentrated α-amylase of B. amyloliquefaciens to produce building blocks (α-limit dextrins). 25464087 6 55 theme blocks 779:784 arg1 Structures 733:742 Structures 733:742 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks 733:784 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks were characterized by chromatography of samples before and after debranching treatment. 25464087 7 56 theme chains 999:1004 arg1 composition 973:983 the composition 969:983 the composition of their unit chains and building blocks 969:1024 While the mutations increased the size of clusters, the reasons were different as reflected by the composition of their unit chains and building blocks. 25464087 2 57 dep synthases 295:303 arg1 ss1-ss2- 387:394 ss1-ss2- 387:394 ss1-ss2- 387:394 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 57 dep synthases 295:303 arg1 ss1-ss3- 400:407 ss1-ss3- 400:407 ss1-ss3- 400:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 57 dep synthases 295:303 arg1 synthases 295:303 starch synthases 288:303 starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 288:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 7 58 theme clusters 916:923 arg1 size 908:911 the size 904:911 the size of clusters 904:923 While the mutations increased the size of clusters, the reasons were different as reflected by the composition of their unit chains and building blocks. 25464087 4 59 theme amyloliquefaciens 573:589 arg1 α-amylase 551:559 α-amylase 551:559 α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 551:589 Clusters from whole starch were isolated by partial hydrolysis using α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 25464087 2 60 dep mutants 334:340 arg1 mutants 334:340 single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3- 320:360 single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3- 320:360 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 60 dep mutants 334:340 arg1 ss2- 348:351 ss2- 348:351 ss2- 348:351 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 60 dep mutants 334:340 arg1 ss3- 357:360 ss3- 357:360 ss3- 357:360 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 60 dep mutants 334:340 arg1 ss1- 342:345 ss1- 342:345 ss1- 342:345 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 6 61 theme samples 826:832 arg1 chromatography 808:821 chromatography 808:821 chromatography of samples before and after debranching treatment 808:871 Structures of the clusters and their building blocks were characterized by chromatography of samples before and after debranching treatment. 25464087 2 62 from mutants 267:273 arg1 structures 236:245 the molecular structures 222:245 the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 222:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 2 62 from mutants 267:273 arg1 starch 255:260 leaf starch 250:260 leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 250:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 8 63 theme small 1122:1126 arg1 blocks 1137:1142 small building blocks 1122:1142 small building blocks with only two chains 1122:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 0 64 from synthases 89:97 arg1 deficient 61:69 deficient 61:69 deficient 61:69 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 2 65 theme molecular 226:234 arg1 structures 236:245 the molecular structures 222:245 the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- 222:407 In addition to wild type, the molecular structures of leaf starch from mutants deficient in starch synthases (SS) including single enzyme mutants ss1-, ss2-, or ss3-, and also double mutants ss1-ss2- and ss1-ss3- were characterized. 25464087 1 66 from Arabidopsis 176:186 arg1 structure 140:148 the cluster structure 128:148 the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves 128:193 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 10 67 from crops 1389:1393 arg1 context 1402:1408 the context 1398:1408 the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means 1398:1533 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 8 68 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 mutants 1043:1049 all mutants 1039:1049 all mutants 1039:1049 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 8 68 contain contained 1051:1059 arg1 general 1030:1036 general 1030:1036 general 1030:1036 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 8 68 contain contained 1051:1059 arg1 mutants 1043:1049 all mutants 1039:1049 all mutants 1039:1049 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 8 68 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 a-chains 1069:1076 more of a-chains 1061:1076 more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains 1061:1163 In general, all mutants contained more of a-chains that preferentially increased the number of small building blocks with only two chains. 25464087 10 69 theme true 1455:1458 arg1 Arabidopsis 1434:1444 the Arabidopsis 1430:1444 the Arabidopsis 1430:1444 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 10 69 theme true 1455:1458 arg1 reflection 1477:1486 a true biotechnological reflection 1453:1486 a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications 1453:1511 The results from transitory starch are compared with those from agriculturally important crops in the context that to what extent the Arabidopsis can be a true biotechnological reflection for starch modifications through genetic means. 25464087 0 70 theme deficient 61:69 arg1 mutants 53:59 Arabidopsis mutants 41:59 Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases 41:97 Branching patterns in leaf starches from Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diverse starch synthases. 25464087 9 71 theme large 1252:1256 arg1 blocks 1267:1272 large building blocks 1252:1272 large building blocks with four or more chains 1252:1297 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 25464087 9 72 theme building 1258:1265 arg1 blocks 1267:1272 large building blocks 1252:1272 large building blocks with four or more chains 1252:1297 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 25464087 1 73 theme cluster 132:138 arg1 structure 140:148 the cluster structure 128:148 the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves 128:193 This is the first report on the cluster structure of transitory starch from Arabidopsis leaves. 25464087 9 74 with blocks 1267:1272 arg1 chains 1292:1297 four or more chains 1279:1297 four or more chains 1279:1297 The clusters of the double mutant ss1-ss3- were very large and possessed also more of large building blocks with four or more chains. 24644553 5 0 used used 681:684 arg2 starch 670:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. 24644553 9 1 theme acid 1183:1186 arg1 content 1164:1170 the content 1160:1170 the content of butyric acid 1160:1186 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 3 2 from content 469:475 arg1 digesta 486:492 cecum digesta 480:492 cecum digesta 480:492 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 9 3 theme starch 1240:1245 arg1 PA 1247:1248 starch PA 1240:1248 starch PA 1240:1248 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 7 4 theme content 958:964 arg1 % 929:929 about 40% 921:929 about 40% of short chain fatty acids content 921:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 7 4 theme content 958:964 arg1 content 958:964 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 9 5 dep increased 1188:1196 arg1 % 1201:1201 12% 1199:1201 12% 1199:1201 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 3 6 dep in 331:332 arg1 vitro 334:338 vitro 334:338 vitro 334:338 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 3 7 theme short 445:449 arg1 acids 463:467 short chain fatty acids 445:467 short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta 445:492 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 6 8 theme acids 790:794 arg1 contents 796:803 short chain fatty acids contents 772:803 short chain fatty acids contents 772:803 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 3 9 theme preparations 314:325 arg1 prebiotic 421:429 a prebiotic 419:429 a prebiotic 419:429 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 3 9 theme preparations 314:325 arg1 type 302:305 new type 298:305 new type 298:305 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 7 10 theme A 858:858 arg1 intake 841:846 The intake 837:846 The intake 837:846 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 6 11 theme fatty 784:788 arg1 acids 790:794 short chain fatty acids 772:794 short chain fatty acids contents 772:803 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 5 12 theme diet 720:723 arg1 composition 693:703 the composition 689:703 the composition of the control diet 689:723 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. 24644553 10 13 theme liver 1424:1428 arg1 cholesterol 1430:1440 liver cholesterol 1424:1440 liver cholesterol 1424:1440 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 3 14 theme cecum 480:484 arg1 digesta 486:492 cecum digesta 480:492 cecum digesta 480:492 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 8 15 theme utmost 1061:1066 arg1 increase 1076:1083 The utmost twofold increase 1057:1083 The utmost twofold increase 1057:1083 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 6 16 theme ceceum 808:813 arg1 digesta 815:821 ceceum digesta 808:821 ceceum digesta 808:821 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 7 17 theme starch 975:980 arg1 PA 982:983 starch PA 975:983 starch PA 975:983 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 10 18 theme organ 1446:1450 arg1 weights 1452:1458 organ weights 1446:1458 organ weights of rats 1446:1466 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 3 19 theme acids 463:467 arg1 content 469:475 short chain fatty acids content 445:475 short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta 445:492 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 8 20 theme production 1117:1126 arg1 case 1105:1108 the case 1101:1108 the case of the production of propionic acid 1101:1144 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 4 21 theme main 592:595 arg1 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 21 theme main 592:595 arg1 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 6 22 from increase 760:767 arg1 digesta 815:821 ceceum digesta 808:821 ceceum digesta 808:821 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 9 23 theme butyric 1175:1181 arg1 acid 1183:1186 butyric acid 1175:1186 butyric acid 1175:1186 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 7 24 theme starch 851:856 arg1 A 858:858 starch A 851:858 starch A 851:858 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 0 25 theme Type 0:3 arg1 starch 18:23 Type IV resistant starch 0:23 Type IV resistant starch 0:23 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 10 26 theme serum 1404:1408 arg1 biochemistry 1410:1421 serum biochemistry 1404:1421 serum biochemistry 1404:1421 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 9 27 theme production 1346:1355 arg1 increase 1330:1337 an increase 1327:1337 an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40% 1327:1387 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 7 28 theme % 1054:1054 arg1 acid 1038:1041 adipic acid 1031:1041 adipic acid 1031:1041 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 7 28 theme % 1054:1054 arg1 trimetaphosphate 1010:1025 sodium trimetaphosphate 1003:1025 sodium trimetaphosphate 1003:1025 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 6 29 theme contents 796:803 arg1 increase 760:767 the increase 756:767 the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta 756:821 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 0 30 theme acids 59:63 arg1 level 65:69 cecum short chain fatty acids level 35:69 cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats 35:77 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 7 31 theme short 934:938 arg1 acids 952:956 short chain fatty acids 934:956 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 3 32 theme in 331:332 arg1 digestibility 340:352 in vitro digestibility 331:352 in vitro digestibility of about 50% 331:365 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 3 33 theme digestibility 340:352 arg1 prebiotic 421:429 a prebiotic 419:429 a prebiotic 419:429 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 3 33 theme digestibility 340:352 arg1 type 302:305 new type 298:305 new type 298:305 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 9 34 theme acid 1367:1370 arg1 production 1346:1355 the production 1342:1355 the production of acetic acid by more than 40% 1342:1387 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 9 35 theme acetic 1360:1365 arg1 acid 1367:1370 acetic acid 1360:1370 acetic acid 1360:1370 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 4 36 theme carbohydrate 597:608 arg1 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 36 theme carbohydrate 597:608 arg1 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 7 37 theme acids 952:956 arg1 content 958:964 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 1 38 theme Resistant 80:88 arg1 type 103:106 type 103:106 type of dietary fibers 103:124 Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. 24644553 1 38 theme Resistant 80:88 arg1 starches 90:97 Resistant starches 80:97 Resistant starches 80:97 Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. 24644553 4 39 theme acetylated 567:576 arg1 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 39 theme acetylated 567:576 arg1 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 0 40 theme resistant 8:16 arg1 starch 18:23 Type IV resistant starch 0:23 Type IV resistant starch 0:23 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 7 41 theme chain 940:944 arg1 acids 952:956 short chain fatty acids 934:956 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 3 42 theme study 257:261 arg1 objective 239:247 The objective 235:247 The objective of this study 235:261 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 4 43 link cross-linked 550:561 arg1 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 43 link cross-linked 550:561 arg1 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 9 44 dep starches 1311:1318 arg1 A. 1299:1300 A. 1299:1300 A. 1299:1300 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 2 45 dep resist 187:192 arg1 depend 164:169 depend 164:169 depend on the way 164:180 However, their physiological effects depend on the way they resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. 24644553 0 46 theme cecum 35:39 arg1 acids 59:63 cecum short chain fatty acids 35:63 cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats 35:77 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 5 47 theme modified 653:660 arg1 starch 670:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. 24644553 0 48 from level 65:69 arg1 rats 74:77 rats 74:77 rats 74:77 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 7 49 dep resulted 897:904 arg1 whereas 967:973 whereas 967:973 whereas 967:973 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 3 50 theme % 365:365 arg1 digestibility 340:352 in vitro digestibility 331:352 in vitro digestibility of about 50% 331:365 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 7 51 theme sodium 1003:1008 arg1 trimetaphosphate 1010:1025 sodium trimetaphosphate 1003:1025 sodium trimetaphosphate 1003:1025 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 5 52 theme control 712:718 arg1 diet 720:723 the control diet 708:723 the control diet 708:723 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. 24644553 2 53 theme physiological 142:154 arg1 effects 156:162 their physiological effects 136:162 their physiological effects 136:162 However, their physiological effects depend on the way they resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. 24644553 9 54 theme consumption 1225:1235 arg1 effect 1215:1220 an effect 1212:1220 an effect of consumption of starch PA 1212:1248 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 8 55 theme acid 1141:1144 arg1 production 1117:1126 the production 1113:1126 the production of propionic acid 1113:1144 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 0 56 theme chain 47:51 arg1 acids 59:63 cecum short chain fatty acids 35:63 cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats 35:77 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 5 57 theme potato 663:668 arg1 starch 670:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. 24644553 6 58 theme short 772:776 arg1 acids 790:794 short chain fatty acids 772:794 short chain fatty acids contents 772:803 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 9 59 dep decreased 1259:1267 arg1 % 1278:1278 about 30% 1270:1278 about 30% 1270:1278 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 7 60 theme fatty 946:950 arg1 acids 952:956 short chain fatty acids 934:956 short chain fatty acids content 934:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 0 61 theme short 41:45 arg1 acids 59:63 cecum short chain fatty acids 35:63 cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats 35:77 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 5 62 theme Pregelatinized 618:631 arg1 starch 670:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch 618:675 Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. 24644553 6 63 theme chain 778:782 arg1 acids 790:794 short chain fatty acids 772:794 short chain fatty acids contents 772:803 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 1 64 theme fibers 119:124 arg1 type 103:106 type 103:106 type of dietary fibers 103:124 Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. 24644553 1 64 theme fibers 119:124 arg1 starches 90:97 Resistant starches 80:97 Resistant starches 80:97 Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. 24644553 7 65 theme adipic 1031:1036 arg1 acid 1038:1041 adipic acid 1031:1041 adipic acid 1031:1041 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 10 66 theme rats 1463:1466 arg1 biochemistry 1410:1421 serum biochemistry 1404:1421 serum biochemistry 1404:1421 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 10 66 theme rats 1463:1466 arg1 cholesterol 1430:1440 liver cholesterol 1424:1440 liver cholesterol 1424:1440 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 10 66 theme rats 1463:1466 arg1 weights 1452:1458 organ weights 1446:1458 organ weights of rats 1446:1466 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 8 67 theme twofold 1068:1074 arg1 increase 1076:1083 The utmost twofold increase 1057:1083 The utmost twofold increase 1057:1083 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 4 68 theme pregelatinized 534:547 arg1 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 68 theme pregelatinized 534:547 arg1 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 7 69 theme % 929:929 arg1 increase 909:916 increase 909:916 increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content 909:964 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 9 70 theme PA 1247:1248 arg1 consumption 1225:1235 consumption 1225:1235 consumption of starch PA 1225:1248 In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. 24644553 8 71 located observed 1089:1096 arg1 case 1105:1108 the case 1101:1108 the case of the production of propionic acid 1101:1144 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 8 71 located observed 1089:1096 arg2 increase 1076:1083 The utmost twofold increase 1057:1083 The utmost twofold increase 1057:1083 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 1 72 theme dietary 111:117 arg1 fibers 119:124 dietary fibers 111:124 dietary fibers 111:124 Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. 24644553 10 73 from changes 1393:1399 arg1 biochemistry 1410:1421 serum biochemistry 1404:1421 serum biochemistry 1404:1421 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 10 73 from changes 1393:1399 arg1 cholesterol 1430:1440 liver cholesterol 1424:1440 liver cholesterol 1424:1440 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 10 73 from changes 1393:1399 arg1 weights 1452:1458 organ weights 1446:1458 organ weights of rats 1446:1466 No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated. 24644553 3 74 theme new 298:300 arg1 prebiotic 421:429 a prebiotic 419:429 a prebiotic 419:429 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 3 74 theme new 298:300 arg1 type 302:305 new type 298:305 new type 298:305 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 6 75 theme experiment 745:754 arg1 weeks 736:740 two weeks 732:740 two weeks of experiment 732:754 After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. 24644553 4 76 contain containing 523:532 arg2 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 76 contain containing 523:532 arg1 diet 518:521 diet 518:521 diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source 518:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 76 contain containing 523:532 arg2 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 8 77 theme propionic 1131:1139 arg1 acid 1141:1144 propionic acid 1131:1144 propionic acid 1131:1144 The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. 24644553 3 78 theme chain 451:455 arg1 acids 463:467 short chain fatty acids 445:467 short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta 445:492 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 24644553 4 79 theme cross-linked 550:561 arg1 starches 578:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches 534:585 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 4 79 theme cross-linked 550:561 arg1 source 610:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 a main carbohydrate source 590:615 The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. 24644553 0 80 theme fatty 53:57 arg1 acids 59:63 cecum short chain fatty acids 35:63 cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats 35:77 Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. 24644553 2 81 theme gastrointestinal 211:226 arg1 tract 228:232 the gastrointestinal tract 207:232 the gastrointestinal tract 207:232 However, their physiological effects depend on the way they resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. 24644553 7 82 theme adipic 884:889 arg1 acid 891:894 adipic acid 884:894 adipic acid 884:894 The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. 24644553 3 83 theme fatty 457:461 arg1 acids 463:467 short chain fatty acids 445:467 short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta 445:492 The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. 27305760 5 0 theme gel 796:798 arg1 test 823:826 stability test 813:826 stability test 813:826 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 0 theme gel 796:798 arg1 retardation 800:810 agarose gel retardation 788:810 agarose gel retardation 788:810 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 6 1 theme nanoscale 1034:1042 arg1 particles 1044:1052 nanoscale particles 1034:1052 nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution 1034:1084 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 6 2 theme size 1068:1071 arg1 distribution 1073:1084 a narrow size distribution 1059:1084 a narrow size distribution 1059:1084 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 6 3 theme DNase 1109:1113 arg1 I 1115:1115 pDNA form DNase I 1099:1115 pDNA form DNase I degradation 1099:1127 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 9 4 theme in-vivo 1621:1627 arg1 transfer 1612:1619 gene transfer in-vivo 1607:1627 gene transfer in-vivo 1607:1627 In conclusion, CD-PG2 can be considered as a versatile tool for gene delivery, especially for gene transfer in-vivo. 27305760 0 5 theme α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine 70:98 arg1 Conjugates 100:109 α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates 70:109 α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates 70:109 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 7 6 theme low 1300:1302 arg1 cytotoxicity 1304:1315 relatively low cytotoxicity 1289:1315 serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity 1259:1315 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 7 7 theme free 1144:1147 arg1 PEI-25K 1149:1155 free PEI-25K 1144:1155 free PEI-25K 1144:1155 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 6 8 theme I 1115:1115 arg1 degradation 1117:1127 pDNA form DNase I degradation 1099:1127 pDNA form DNase I degradation 1099:1127 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 5 9 theme cellular 909:916 arg1 route 925:929 cellular uptake route 909:929 cellular uptake route analysis 909:938 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 0 10 theme Gene 114:117 arg1 System 128:133 Gene Delivery System 114:133 Gene Delivery System 114:133 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 8 11 theme polyplex 1481:1488 arg1 behavior 1503:1510 polyplex transfection behavior 1481:1510 polyplex transfection behavior 1481:1510 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 5 12 theme polyplex 761:768 arg1 properties 735:744 Physicochemical and biological properties 704:744 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 704:768 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 13 theme biological 724:733 arg1 properties 735:744 Physicochemical and biological properties 704:744 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 704:768 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 3 14 theme amide 562:566 arg1 bonds 568:572 amide bonds 562:572 amide bonds obtaining the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2) 562:623 In this study, PAMAMs are covalently conjugated onto α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) via amide bonds obtaining the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2). 27305760 8 15 theme polyplex 1349:1356 arg1 uptake 1327:1332 Cellular uptake 1318:1332 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 1318:1356 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 7 16 theme excellent 1212:1220 arg1 efficiency 1240:1249 excellent gene transfection efficiency 1212:1249 excellent gene transfection efficiency 1212:1249 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 8 17 theme CvME 1457:1460 arg1 pathway 1462:1468 CvME pathway 1457:1468 CvME pathway 1457:1468 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 5 18 theme DLS 856:858 arg1 measurement 860:870 DLS measurement 856:870 DLS measurement 856:870 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 8 19 theme further 1399:1405 arg1 investigations 1407:1420 further investigations 1399:1420 further investigations 1399:1420 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 5 20 theme CLSM 873:876 arg1 observation 878:888 CLSM observation 873:888 CLSM observation 873:888 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 0 21 theme Delivery 119:126 arg1 System 128:133 Gene Delivery System 114:133 Gene Delivery System 114:133 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 7 22 theme commercial 1161:1170 arg1 Lipofectamine2000 1180:1196 commercial product Lipofectamine2000 1161:1196 commercial product Lipofectamine2000 1161:1196 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 7 23 theme transfection 1227:1238 arg1 efficiency 1240:1249 excellent gene transfection efficiency 1212:1249 excellent gene transfection efficiency 1212:1249 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 6 24 theme form 1104:1107 arg1 I 1115:1115 pDNA form DNase I 1099:1115 pDNA form DNase I degradation 1099:1127 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 4 25 theme CD-PG2 668:673 arg1 composition 653:663 composition 653:663 composition 653:663 The chemical structure and composition of CD-PG2 was characterized by IH NMR. 27305760 4 25 theme CD-PG2 668:673 arg1 structure 639:647 chemical structure 630:647 chemical structure 630:647 The chemical structure and composition of CD-PG2 was characterized by IH NMR. 27305760 9 26 theme gene 1577:1580 arg1 delivery 1582:1589 gene delivery 1577:1589 gene delivery 1577:1589 In conclusion, CD-PG2 can be considered as a versatile tool for gene delivery, especially for gene transfer in-vivo. 27305760 7 27 theme serum 1259:1263 arg1 interference 1265:1276 serum interference 1259:1276 serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity 1259:1315 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 6 28 theme pDNA 1099:1102 arg1 I 1115:1115 pDNA form DNase I 1099:1115 pDNA form DNase I degradation 1099:1127 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 2 29 from development 360:370 arg1 modification 390:401 PAMAM chemical modification 375:401 PAMAM chemical modification 375:401 In addition, development in PAMAM chemical modification has broadened its biological application especially for drug and gene delivery. 27305760 5 30 theme in-vitro 944:951 arg1 transfection 958:969 in-vitro cell transfection 944:969 in-vitro cell transfection 944:969 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 1 31 theme unique 185:190 arg1 nanomaterials 192:204 unique nanomaterials 185:204 unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups 185:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 2 32 theme gene 468:471 arg1 delivery 473:480 drug and gene delivery 459:480 delivery 473:480 In addition, development in PAMAM chemical modification has broadened its biological application especially for drug and gene delivery. 27305760 1 33 theme branched 290:297 arg1 structure 299:307 highly branched structure 283:307 highly branched structure 283:307 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 3 34 theme starburst 588:596 arg1 CD-PG2 617:622 CD-PG2 617:622 CD-PG2 617:622 In this study, PAMAMs are covalently conjugated onto α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) via amide bonds obtaining the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2). 27305760 3 34 theme starburst 588:596 arg1 polymers 607:614 the starburst cationic polymers 584:614 the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2) 584:623 In this study, PAMAMs are covalently conjugated onto α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) via amide bonds obtaining the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2). 27305760 5 35 theme CD-PG2/pDNA 749:759 arg1 polyplex 761:768 CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 749:768 CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 749:768 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 1 36 theme nanomaterials 192:204 arg1 dendrimers 159:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers 136:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers 136:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 1 36 theme nanomaterials 192:204 arg1 class 176:180 a class 174:180 a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups 174:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 0 37 theme Uptake 24:29 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of Cellular Uptake 0:29 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 0 37 theme Uptake 24:29 arg1 Ability 48:54 Transfection Ability 35:54 Transfection Ability of pDNA 35:62 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 6 38 with particles 1044:1052 arg1 distribution 1073:1084 a narrow size distribution 1059:1084 a narrow size distribution 1059:1084 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 2 39 theme drug 459:462 arg1 delivery 473:480 drug and gene delivery 459:480 delivery 473:480 In addition, development in PAMAM chemical modification has broadened its biological application especially for drug and gene delivery. 27305760 5 40 theme cell 953:956 arg1 transfection 958:969 in-vitro cell transfection 944:969 in-vitro cell transfection 944:969 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 41 theme MTT 845:847 arg1 assay 849:853 MTT assay 845:853 MTT assay 845:853 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 42 theme leakage 895:901 arg1 test 903:906 LDH leakage test 891:906 LDH leakage test 891:906 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 0 43 theme Transfection 35:46 arg1 Ability 48:54 Transfection Ability 35:54 Transfection Ability of pDNA 35:62 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 5 44 theme route 925:929 arg1 analysis 931:938 cellular uptake route analysis 909:938 cellular uptake route analysis 909:938 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 45 theme LDH 891:893 arg1 leakage 895:901 LDH leakage 891:901 LDH leakage test 891:906 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 6 46 theme narrow 1061:1066 arg1 distribution 1073:1084 a narrow size distribution 1059:1084 a narrow size distribution 1059:1084 Results showed that CD-PG2 can efficiently condense pDNA into nanoscale particles with a narrow size distribution, and protect pDNA form DNase I degradation. 27305760 5 47 theme stability 813:821 arg1 test 823:826 stability test 813:826 stability test 813:826 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 47 theme stability 813:821 arg1 retardation 800:810 agarose gel retardation 788:810 agarose gel retardation 788:810 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 7 48 theme product 1172:1178 arg1 Lipofectamine2000 1180:1196 commercial product Lipofectamine2000 1161:1196 commercial product Lipofectamine2000 1161:1196 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 4 49 theme chemical 630:637 arg1 structure 639:647 chemical structure 630:647 chemical structure 630:647 The chemical structure and composition of CD-PG2 was characterized by IH NMR. 27305760 2 50 theme biological 421:430 arg1 application 432:442 its biological application 417:442 its biological application especially 417:453 In addition, development in PAMAM chemical modification has broadened its biological application especially for drug and gene delivery. 27305760 8 51 theme CD-PG2/pDNA 1337:1347 arg1 polyplex 1349:1356 CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 1337:1356 CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 1337:1356 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 1 52 theme terminal 322:329 arg1 groups 339:344 terminal primary groups 322:344 terminal primary groups 322:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 5 53 theme agarose 788:794 arg1 test 823:826 stability test 813:826 stability test 813:826 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 5 53 theme agarose 788:794 arg1 retardation 800:810 agarose gel retardation 788:810 agarose gel retardation 788:810 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 3 54 theme cationic 598:605 arg1 CD-PG2 617:622 CD-PG2 617:622 CD-PG2 617:622 In this study, PAMAMs are covalently conjugated onto α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) via amide bonds obtaining the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2). 27305760 3 54 theme cationic 598:605 arg1 polymers 607:614 the starburst cationic polymers 584:614 the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2) 584:623 In this study, PAMAMs are covalently conjugated onto α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) via amide bonds obtaining the starburst cationic polymers (CD-PG2). 27305760 5 55 theme uptake 918:923 arg1 route 925:929 cellular uptake route 909:929 cellular uptake route analysis 909:938 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 9 56 theme versatile 1558:1566 arg1 CD-PG2 1528:1533 CD-PG2 1528:1533 CD-PG2 1528:1533 In conclusion, CD-PG2 can be considered as a versatile tool for gene delivery, especially for gene transfer in-vivo. 27305760 9 56 theme versatile 1558:1566 arg1 tool 1568:1571 a versatile tool 1556:1571 a versatile tool for gene delivery 1556:1589 In conclusion, CD-PG2 can be considered as a versatile tool for gene delivery, especially for gene transfer in-vivo. 27305760 1 57 theme primary 331:337 arg1 groups 339:344 terminal primary groups 322:344 terminal primary groups 322:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 7 58 theme gene 1222:1225 arg1 efficiency 1240:1249 excellent gene transfection efficiency 1212:1249 excellent gene transfection efficiency 1212:1249 Compared with free PEI-25K and commercial product Lipofectamine2000, CD-PG2 shows excellent gene transfection efficiency without serum interference as well as relatively low cytotoxicity. 27305760 4 59 dep structure 639:647 arg1 The 626:628 The 626:628 The 626:628 The chemical structure and composition of CD-PG2 was characterized by IH NMR. 27305760 1 60 theme Polyamidoamine 136:149 arg1 dendrimers 159:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers 136:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers 136:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 1 60 theme Polyamidoamine 136:149 arg1 class 176:180 a class 174:180 a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups 174:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 1 61 theme groups 339:344 arg1 types 313:317 types 313:317 types of terminal primary groups 313:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 1 61 theme groups 339:344 arg1 properties 263:272 their extraordinary properties 243:272 their extraordinary properties 243:272 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 4 62 theme IH 696:697 arg1 NMR 699:701 IH NMR 696:701 IH NMR 696:701 The chemical structure and composition of CD-PG2 was characterized by IH NMR. 27305760 8 63 theme Cellular 1318:1325 arg1 uptake 1327:1332 Cellular uptake 1318:1332 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 1318:1356 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 5 64 theme Physicochemical 704:718 arg1 properties 735:744 Physicochemical and biological properties 704:744 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex 704:768 Physicochemical and biological properties of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex were evaluated by agarose gel retardation, stability test against DNasecñ, MTT assay, DLS measurement, CLSM observation, LDH leakage test, cellular uptake route analysis and in-vitro cell transfection. 27305760 9 65 theme gene 1607:1610 arg1 transfer 1612:1619 gene transfer in-vivo 1607:1627 gene transfer in-vivo 1607:1627 In conclusion, CD-PG2 can be considered as a versatile tool for gene delivery, especially for gene transfer in-vivo. 27305760 1 66 theme PAMAM 152:156 arg1 dendrimers 159:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers 136:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers 136:168 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 1 66 theme PAMAM 152:156 arg1 class 176:180 a class 174:180 a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups 174:344 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 8 67 dep CME 1376:1378 arg1 route 1389:1393 route 1389:1393 route 1389:1393 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 1 68 dep such 275:278 arg1 as 280:281 as 280:281 as 280:281 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 8 69 theme transfection 1490:1501 arg1 behavior 1503:1510 polyplex transfection behavior 1481:1510 polyplex transfection behavior 1481:1510 Cellular uptake of CD-PG2/pDNA polyplex is mainly through CME and CvME route and further investigations demonstrate that α-CD can regulate CvME pathway to improve polyplex transfection behavior. 27305760 2 70 theme chemical 381:388 arg1 modification 390:401 PAMAM chemical modification 375:401 PAMAM chemical modification 375:401 In addition, development in PAMAM chemical modification has broadened its biological application especially for drug and gene delivery. 27305760 1 71 theme extraordinary 249:261 arg1 properties 263:272 their extraordinary properties 243:272 their extraordinary properties 243:272 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a class of unique nanomaterials which attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as highly branched structure and types of terminal primary groups. 27305760 0 72 theme pDNA 59:62 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of Cellular Uptake 0:29 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 0 72 theme pDNA 59:62 arg1 Ability 48:54 Transfection Ability 35:54 Transfection Ability of pDNA 35:62 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 0 73 theme Cellular 15:22 arg1 Uptake 24:29 Cellular Uptake 15:29 Cellular Uptake 15:29 Improvement of Cellular Uptake and Transfection Ability of pDNA Using α-Cyclodextrin-Polyamidoamine Conjugates as Gene Delivery System. 27305760 2 74 theme PAMAM 375:379 arg1 modification 390:401 PAMAM chemical modification 375:401 PAMAM chemical modification 375:401 In addition, development in PAMAM chemical modification has broadened its biological application especially for drug and gene delivery. 28656552 0 0 theme Isolated 66:73 arg1 laurentii 94:102 a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 58:102 a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 58:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 5 1 theme lipid 685:689 arg1 0.092 g 708:714 0.092 g 708:714 0.092 g of oil 708:721 The lipid productivity was 0.092 g of oil per hour. 28656552 5 1 theme lipid 685:689 arg1 productivity 691:702 The lipid productivity 681:702 The lipid productivity 681:702 The lipid productivity was 0.092 g of oil per hour. 28656552 2 2 theme lipid 335:339 arg1 producer 341:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 2 theme lipid 335:339 arg1 strain 264:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 7 3 theme extracted 898:906 arg1 lipids 908:913 the extracted lipids 894:913 the extracted lipids 894:913 Biodiesel obtained from the extracted lipids could be burnt well. 28656552 2 4 theme potential 325:333 arg1 producer 341:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 4 theme potential 325:333 arg1 strain 264:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 6 5 dep C16:0 793:797 arg1 % 866:866 11.8% 862:866 11.8% 862:866 Compositions of the fatty acids produced were C14:0 (0.9%), C16:0 (10.8%), C16:1 (9.7%), C18:0 (6.5%), C18:1 (60.3%), and C18:2 (11.8%). 28656552 0 6 theme Papiliotrema 81:92 arg1 laurentii 94:102 a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 58:102 a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 58:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 2 7 from hydrolysates 418:429 arg1 amount 382:387 a large amount 374:387 a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 374:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 7 from hydrolysates 418:429 arg1 lipids 406:411 intracellular lipids 392:411 intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 392:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 0 8 theme Yeast 75:79 arg1 laurentii 94:102 a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 58:102 a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 58:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 3 9 from % 485:485 arg1 cells 521:525 its cells 517:525 its cells 517:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 10 theme intracellular 496:508 arg1 oil 510:512 intracellular oil 496:512 intracellular oil in its cells 496:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 8 11 theme oil 1003:1005 arg1 production 1007:1016 single cell oil production 991:1016 single cell oil production 991:1016 This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production. 28656552 5 12 theme oil 719:721 arg1 0.092 g 708:714 0.092 g 708:714 0.092 g of oil 708:721 The lipid productivity was 0.092 g of oil per hour. 28656552 5 12 theme oil 719:721 arg1 productivity 691:702 The lipid productivity 681:702 The lipid productivity 681:702 The lipid productivity was 0.092 g of oil per hour. 28656552 0 13 from Hydrolysates 32:43 arg1 Production 16:25 Single Cell Oil Production 0:25 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 0:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 2 14 theme yeast 258:262 arg1 laurentii 294:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 14 theme yeast 258:262 arg1 AM113 272:276 AM113 272:276 AM113 272:276 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 14 theme yeast 258:262 arg1 producer 341:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 14 theme yeast 258:262 arg1 strain 264:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 1 15 theme most 161:164 arg1 feedstocks 189:198 the most attractive alternative feedstocks 157:198 the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production 157:223 Microbial oils are among the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. 28656552 0 16 theme Cell 7:10 arg1 Production 16:25 Single Cell Oil Production 0:25 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 0:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 4 17 theme sugar 660:664 arg1 gram 643:646 gram 643:646 gram of consumed sugar 643:664 The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. 28656552 1 18 theme attractive 166:175 arg1 feedstocks 189:198 the most attractive alternative feedstocks 157:198 the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production 157:223 Microbial oils are among the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. 28656552 0 19 theme Single 0:5 arg1 Production 16:25 Single Cell Oil Production 0:25 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 0:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 2 20 theme laurentii 294:302 arg1 AM113 272:276 AM113 272:276 AM113 272:276 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 20 theme laurentii 294:302 arg1 laurentii 294:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 20 theme laurentii 294:302 arg1 strain 264:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 1 21 theme alternative 177:187 arg1 feedstocks 189:198 the most attractive alternative feedstocks 157:198 the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production 157:223 Microbial oils are among the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. 28656552 4 22 theme consumed 651:658 arg1 sugar 660:664 consumed sugar 651:664 consumed sugar 651:664 The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. 28656552 2 23 theme Papiliotrema 281:292 arg1 laurentii 294:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 3 24 from 18.2 g/l 531:538 arg1 cells 521:525 its cells 517:525 its cells 517:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 2 25 theme intracellular 392:404 arg1 lipids 406:411 intracellular lipids 392:411 intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 392:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 26 theme lipids 406:411 arg1 amount 382:387 a large amount 374:387 a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 374:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 26 theme lipids 406:411 arg1 lipids 406:411 intracellular lipids 392:411 intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 392:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 3 27 theme laurentii 445:453 arg1 AM113 455:459 P. laurentii AM113 442:459 P. laurentii AM113 442:459 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 4 28 theme lipid 600:604 arg1 0.14 623:626 0.14 623:626 0.14 623:626 The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. 28656552 4 28 theme lipid 600:604 arg1 yields 590:595 The yields 586:595 The yields of lipid and biomass 586:616 The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. 28656552 1 29 theme biodiesel 204:212 arg1 production 214:223 biodiesel production 204:223 biodiesel production 204:223 Microbial oils are among the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. 28656552 8 30 theme cell 998:1001 arg1 production 1007:1016 single cell oil production 991:1016 single cell oil production 991:1016 This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production. 28656552 0 31 theme Making 124:129 arg1 Biodiesel 114:122 Biodiesel Making 114:129 Biodiesel Making 114:129 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 3 32 theme fed-batch 562:570 arg1 fermentation 572:583 a fed-batch fermentation 560:583 a fed-batch fermentation 560:583 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 33 theme dry 543:545 arg1 mass 552:555 dry cell mass 543:555 dry cell mass 543:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 2 34 theme large 376:380 arg1 amount 382:387 a large amount 374:387 a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 374:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 34 theme large 376:380 arg1 lipids 406:411 intracellular lipids 392:411 intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin 392:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 0 35 theme Inulin 48:53 arg1 Hydrolysates 32:43 Hydrolysates 32:43 Hydrolysates of Inulin 32:53 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 8 36 theme promising 967:975 arg1 candidate 977:985 a promising candidate 965:985 a promising candidate for single cell oil production 965:1016 This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production. 28656552 2 37 theme inulin 434:439 arg1 hydrolysates 418:429 hydrolysates 418:429 hydrolysates of inulin 418:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 6 38 theme acids 759:763 arg1 Compositions 733:744 Compositions 733:744 Compositions of the fatty acids produced 733:772 Compositions of the fatty acids produced were C14:0 (0.9%), C16:0 (10.8%), C16:1 (9.7%), C18:0 (6.5%), C18:1 (60.3%), and C18:2 (11.8%). 28656552 3 39 from oil 510:512 arg1 cells 521:525 its cells 517:525 its cells 517:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 40 theme mass 552:555 arg1 mass 552:555 dry cell mass 543:555 dry cell mass 543:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 40 theme mass 552:555 arg1 w/w 488:490 w/w 488:490 w/w 488:490 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 40 theme mass 552:555 arg1 % 485:485 54.6% 481:485 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells 481:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 40 theme mass 552:555 arg1 18.2 g/l 531:538 18.2 g/l 531:538 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass 531:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 40 theme mass 552:555 arg1 oil 510:512 intracellular oil 496:512 intracellular oil in its cells 496:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 6 41 theme fatty 753:757 arg1 acids 759:763 the fatty acids 749:763 the fatty acids produced 749:772 Compositions of the fatty acids produced were C14:0 (0.9%), C16:0 (10.8%), C16:1 (9.7%), C18:0 (6.5%), C18:1 (60.3%), and C18:2 (11.8%). 28656552 2 42 theme isolated 249:256 arg1 laurentii 294:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 Papiliotrema laurentii 281:302 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 42 theme isolated 249:256 arg1 AM113 272:276 AM113 272:276 AM113 272:276 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 42 theme isolated 249:256 arg1 producer 341:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 a potential lipid producer 323:348 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 2 42 theme isolated 249:256 arg1 strain 264:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 a newly isolated yeast strain 241:269 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 8 43 theme biodiesel 1068:1076 arg1 production 1078:1087 more efficient biodiesel production 1053:1087 more efficient biodiesel production 1053:1087 This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production. 28656552 3 44 theme oil 510:512 arg1 mass 552:555 dry cell mass 543:555 dry cell mass 543:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 44 theme oil 510:512 arg1 w/w 488:490 w/w 488:490 w/w 488:490 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 44 theme oil 510:512 arg1 % 485:485 54.6% 481:485 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells 481:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 44 theme oil 510:512 arg1 18.2 g/l 531:538 18.2 g/l 531:538 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass 531:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 44 theme oil 510:512 arg1 oil 510:512 intracellular oil 496:512 intracellular oil in its cells 496:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 2 45 from amount 382:387 arg1 hydrolysates 418:429 hydrolysates 418:429 hydrolysates of inulin 418:439 In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. 28656552 8 46 theme efficient 1058:1066 arg1 production 1078:1087 more efficient biodiesel production 1053:1087 more efficient biodiesel production 1053:1087 This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production. 28656552 3 47 theme cell 547:550 arg1 mass 552:555 dry cell mass 543:555 dry cell mass 543:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 48 theme P. 442:443 arg1 AM113 455:459 P. laurentii AM113 442:459 P. laurentii AM113 442:459 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 1 49 theme Microbial 132:140 arg1 oils 142:145 Microbial oils 132:145 Microbial oils 132:145 Microbial oils are among the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. 28656552 3 50 from cells 521:525 arg1 mass 552:555 dry cell mass 543:555 dry cell mass 543:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 50 from cells 521:525 arg1 w/w 488:490 w/w 488:490 w/w 488:490 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 50 from cells 521:525 arg1 % 485:485 54.6% 481:485 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells 481:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 50 from cells 521:525 arg1 18.2 g/l 531:538 18.2 g/l 531:538 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass 531:555 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 3 50 from cells 521:525 arg1 oil 510:512 intracellular oil 496:512 intracellular oil in its cells 496:525 P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. 28656552 8 51 theme single 991:996 arg1 production 1007:1016 single cell oil production 991:1016 single cell oil production 991:1016 This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production. 28656552 0 52 theme Oil 12:14 arg1 Production 16:25 Single Cell Oil Production 0:25 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii 0:102 Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. 28656552 4 53 theme biomass 610:616 arg1 0.14 623:626 0.14 623:626 0.14 623:626 The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. 28656552 4 53 theme biomass 610:616 arg1 yields 590:595 The yields 586:595 The yields of lipid and biomass 586:616 The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. 27296603 7 0 theme lower 1089:1093 arg1 pH 1095:1096 lower pH 1089:1096 lower pH 1089:1096 The samples coated with Ch and Ch+BPEO resulted in lower pH and total volatile basic nitrogen values in comparison with the control. 27296603 10 1 theme fillets 1735:1741 arg1 life 1722:1725 the shelf life 1712:1725 the shelf life of fish fillets 1712:1741 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 9 2 theme bacterial 1443:1451 arg1 count 1453:1457 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count 1424:1457 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO 1424:1488 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 3 3 theme disk 516:519 arg1 agar 531:534 disk diffusion agar 516:534 disk diffusion agar 516:534 Antibacterial properties of BPEO were determined by disk diffusion agar, MIC, and MBC. 27296603 1 4 theme Chitosan 174:181 arg1 coating 188:194 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating 163:194 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) 163:249 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 9 5 theme log 1540:1542 arg1 CFU/g 1544:1548 approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g 1503:1548 approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g 1503:1548 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 4 6 theme % 582:582 arg1 [wt/vol 584:590 2% [wt/vol 581:590 2% [wt/vol 581:590 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 6 theme % 582:582 arg1 Ch+BPEO 572:578 Ch+BPEO 572:578 Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] 572:591 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 11 7 dep pepper 1778:1783 arg1 Chitosan 1786:1793 Chitosan 1786:1793 pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil 1778:1821 KEY WORDS Black pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil. 27296603 11 7 dep pepper 1778:1783 arg1 carp 1803:1806 Common carp 1796:1806 pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil 1778:1821 KEY WORDS Black pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil. 27296603 11 7 dep pepper 1778:1783 arg1 oil 1819:1821 Essential oil 1809:1821 pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil 1778:1821 KEY WORDS Black pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil. 27296603 7 8 with comparison 1142:1151 arg1 control 1162:1168 the control 1158:1168 the control 1158:1168 The samples coated with Ch and Ch+BPEO resulted in lower pH and total volatile basic nitrogen values in comparison with the control. 27296603 9 9 theme aerobic 1341:1347 arg1 count 1355:1359 The aerobic plate count 1337:1359 The aerobic plate count 1337:1359 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 9 10 theme psychrophilic 1362:1374 arg1 bacteria 1376:1383 psychrophilic bacteria 1362:1383 psychrophilic bacteria count 1362:1389 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 8 11 theme fillet 1314:1319 arg1 load 1331:1334 the fish fillet microbial load 1305:1334 the fish fillet microbial load 1305:1334 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 1 12 theme ± 354:354 arg1 1°C 356:358 4 ± 1°C 352:358 4 ± 1°C 352:358 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 4 13 theme % 604:604 arg1 BPEO 616:619 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 14 with Ch 551:552 arg1 BPEO 616:619 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 5 15 theme plate 781:785 arg1 count 787:791 aerobic plate count 773:791 aerobic plate count 773:791 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 10 16 theme fillet 1664:1669 arg1 quality 1648:1654 the quality 1644:1654 the quality of fish fillet 1644:1669 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 9 17 theme storage 1583:1589 arg1 period 1591:1596 the storage period 1579:1596 the storage period 1579:1596 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 1 18 theme carp 298:301 arg1 life 283:286 the shelf life 273:286 the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 273:319 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 9 19 theme lactic 1392:1397 arg1 bacteria 1404:1411 lactic acid bacteria 1392:1411 lactic acid bacteria count 1392:1417 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 8 20 theme microbiological 1175:1189 arg1 analysis 1191:1198 The microbiological analysis 1171:1198 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage 1171:1242 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 0 21 theme Shelf 80:84 arg1 Extension 91:99 Shelf Life Extension 80:99 Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage 80:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 1 22 theme Cyprinus 304:311 arg1 carp 298:301 common carp 291:301 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 291:319 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 1 22 theme Cyprinus 304:311 arg1 carpio 313:318 Cyprinus carpio 304:318 Cyprinus carpio 304:318 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 9 23 theme bacteria 1404:1411 arg1 count 1413:1417 lactic acid bacteria count 1392:1417 lactic acid bacteria count 1392:1417 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 11 24 theme Common 1796:1801 arg1 carp 1803:1806 Common carp 1796:1806 pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil 1778:1821 KEY WORDS Black pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil. 27296603 4 25 theme common 636:641 arg1 coating 655:661 common carp fillet coating 636:661 common carp fillet coating 636:661 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 1 26 from 1°C 356:358 arg1 storage 341:347 refrigerated storage 328:347 refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C 328:358 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 5 27 theme acid 831:834 arg1 bacteria 836:843 lactic acid bacteria 824:843 lactic acid bacteria 824:843 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 8 28 theme fillets 1208:1214 arg1 analysis 1191:1198 The microbiological analysis 1171:1198 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage 1171:1242 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 0 29 theme Common 104:109 arg1 carpio 126:131 Cyprinus carpio 117:131 Cyprinus carpio 117:131 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 0 29 theme Common 104:109 arg1 Carp 111:114 Common Carp 104:114 Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 104:132 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 1 30 theme refrigerated 328:339 arg1 storage 341:347 refrigerated storage 328:347 refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C 328:358 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 9 31 theme Enterobacteriaceae 1424:1441 arg1 count 1453:1457 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count 1424:1457 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO 1424:1488 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 8 32 theme refrigerated 1223:1234 arg1 storage 1236:1242 refrigerated storage 1223:1242 refrigerated storage 1223:1242 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 0 33 theme Biodegradable 0:12 arg1 Coating 23:29 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating 0:29 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating 0:29 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 5 34 theme bacteria 808:815 arg1 count 817:821 psychrophilic bacteria count 794:821 psychrophilic bacteria count 794:821 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 2 35 theme BPEO 389:392 arg1 composition 374:384 The chemical composition 361:384 The chemical composition of BPEO 361:392 The chemical composition of BPEO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27296603 9 36 theme samples 1462:1468 arg1 count 1453:1457 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count 1424:1457 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO 1424:1488 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 9 36 theme samples 1462:1468 arg1 count 1413:1417 lactic acid bacteria count 1392:1417 lactic acid bacteria count 1392:1417 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 9 36 theme samples 1462:1468 arg1 count 1385:1389 psychrophilic bacteria count 1362:1389 psychrophilic bacteria count 1362:1389 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 9 36 theme samples 1462:1468 arg1 count 1355:1359 The aerobic plate count 1337:1359 The aerobic plate count 1337:1359 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 1 37 theme UNLABELLED 163:172 arg1 coating 188:194 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating 163:194 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) 163:249 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 1 38 theme shelf 277:281 arg1 life 283:286 the shelf life 273:286 the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 273:319 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 2 39 theme gas 418:420 arg1 GC-MS 456:460 GC-MS 456:460 GC-MS 456:460 The chemical composition of BPEO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27296603 2 39 theme gas 418:420 arg1 spectrometry 442:453 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 418:453 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 418:461 The chemical composition of BPEO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27296603 4 40 with Ch+BPEO 572:578 arg1 BPEO 616:619 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 0 41 theme Pepper 55:60 arg1 Oil 72:74 Black Pepper Essential Oil 49:74 Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage 49:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 1 42 theme black 214:218 arg1 Ch+BPEO 242:248 Ch+BPEO 242:248 Ch+BPEO 242:248 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 1 42 theme black 214:218 arg1 oil 237:239 black pepper essential oil 214:239 black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) 214:249 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 5 43 theme Enterobacteriaceae 850:867 arg1 counts 879:884 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts 850:884 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts 850:884 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 7 44 theme basic 1117:1121 arg1 values 1132:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 The samples coated with Ch and Ch+BPEO resulted in lower pH and total volatile basic nitrogen values in comparison with the control. 27296603 8 45 theme fish 1309:1312 arg1 load 1331:1334 the fish fillet microbial load 1305:1334 the fish fillet microbial load 1305:1334 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 6 46 from components 957:966 arg1 BPEO 971:974 BPEO 971:974 BPEO 971:974 The GC-MS results indicated that main components in BPEO were carene, caryophyllene, limonene, β-pinene, and α-pinene. 27296603 5 47 theme volatile 727:734 arg1 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 47 theme volatile 727:734 arg1 nitrogen 742:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 1 48 theme essential 227:235 arg1 Ch+BPEO 242:248 Ch+BPEO 242:248 Ch+BPEO 242:248 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 1 48 theme essential 227:235 arg1 oil 237:239 black pepper essential oil 214:239 black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) 214:249 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 7 49 theme total 1102:1106 arg1 values 1132:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 The samples coated with Ch and Ch+BPEO resulted in lower pH and total volatile basic nitrogen values in comparison with the control. 27296603 3 50 theme Antibacterial 464:476 arg1 properties 478:487 Antibacterial properties 464:487 Antibacterial properties of BPEO 464:495 Antibacterial properties of BPEO were determined by disk diffusion agar, MIC, and MBC. 27296603 4 51 used used 627:630 arg2 [wt/vol 558:564 2% [wt/vol 555:564 2% [wt/vol 555:564 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 51 used used 627:630 arg2 [wt/vol 584:590 2% [wt/vol 581:590 2% [wt/vol 581:590 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 51 used used 627:630 arg2 Ch 551:552 Ch 551:552 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) 551:566 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 51 used used 627:630 arg2 Ch+BPEO 572:578 Ch+BPEO 572:578 Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] 572:591 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 10 52 theme refrigerated 1678:1689 arg1 storage 1691:1697 refrigerated storage 1678:1697 refrigerated storage 1678:1697 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 10 53 theme fish 1730:1733 arg1 fillets 1735:1741 fish fillets 1730:1741 fish fillets 1730:1741 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 11 54 theme Essential 1809:1817 arg1 oil 1819:1821 Essential oil 1809:1821 pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil 1778:1821 KEY WORDS Black pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil. 27296603 9 55 theme acid 1399:1402 arg1 bacteria 1404:1411 lactic acid bacteria 1392:1411 lactic acid bacteria count 1392:1417 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 5 56 theme total 721:725 arg1 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 56 theme total 721:725 arg1 nitrogen 742:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 57 theme basic 736:740 arg1 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 57 theme basic 736:740 arg1 nitrogen 742:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 0 58 theme Cyprinus 117:124 arg1 carpio 126:131 Cyprinus carpio 117:131 Cyprinus carpio 117:131 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 0 58 theme Cyprinus 117:124 arg1 Carp 111:114 Common Carp 104:114 Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 104:132 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 3 59 theme diffusion 521:529 arg1 agar 531:534 disk diffusion agar 516:534 disk diffusion agar 516:534 Antibacterial properties of BPEO were determined by disk diffusion agar, MIC, and MBC. 27296603 5 60 theme chemical 707:714 arg1 characteristics 887:901 chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics 707:901 chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics 707:901 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 8 61 theme microbial 1321:1329 arg1 load 1331:1334 the fish fillet microbial load 1305:1334 the fish fillet microbial load 1305:1334 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 9 62 theme plate 1349:1353 arg1 count 1355:1359 The aerobic plate count 1337:1359 The aerobic plate count 1337:1359 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 0 63 theme Refrigerated 141:152 arg1 Storage 154:160 Refrigerated Storage 141:160 Refrigerated Storage 141:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 11 64 theme KEY 1762:1764 arg1 WORDS 1766:1770 KEY WORDS 1762:1770 KEY WORDS 1762:1770 KEY WORDS Black pepper; Chitosan; Common carp; Essential oil. 27296603 5 65 theme aerobic 773:779 arg1 count 787:791 aerobic plate count 773:791 aerobic plate count 773:791 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 4 66 theme 1.5 601:603 arg1 % 604:604 % 604:604 % 604:604 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 9 67 theme bacteria 1376:1383 arg1 count 1385:1389 psychrophilic bacteria count 1362:1389 psychrophilic bacteria count 1362:1389 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 4 68 theme [vol/vol 606:613 arg1 BPEO 616:619 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) 601:620 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 69 dep Ch 551:552 arg1 Ch 593:594 Ch 593:594 Ch 593:594 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 10 70 theme fish 1659:1662 arg1 fillet 1664:1669 fish fillet 1659:1669 fish fillet 1659:1669 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 9 71 theme period 1591:1596 arg1 end 1572:1574 the end 1568:1574 the end of the storage period 1568:1596 The aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial count of samples coated with Ch+BPEO were reduced approximately 4.1, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively, at the end of the storage period. 27296603 0 72 theme Life 86:89 arg1 Extension 91:99 Shelf Life Extension 80:99 Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage 80:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 5 73 theme microbiological 756:770 arg1 characteristics 887:901 chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics 707:901 chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics 707:901 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 74 theme lactic 824:829 arg1 bacteria 836:843 lactic acid bacteria 824:843 lactic acid bacteria 824:843 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 0 75 theme Carp 111:114 arg1 Extension 91:99 Shelf Life Extension 80:99 Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage 80:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 6 76 theme main 952:955 arg1 components 957:966 main components 952:966 main components in BPEO 952:974 The GC-MS results indicated that main components in BPEO were carene, caryophyllene, limonene, β-pinene, and α-pinene. 27296603 4 77 theme carp 643:646 arg1 coating 655:661 common carp fillet coating 636:661 common carp fillet coating 636:661 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 0 78 theme Chitosan 14:21 arg1 Coating 23:29 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating 0:29 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating 0:29 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 5 79 theme psychrophilic 794:806 arg1 count 817:821 psychrophilic bacteria count 794:821 psychrophilic bacteria count 794:821 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 10 80 dep 16 1753:1754 arg1 to 1750:1751 to 1750:1751 to 1750:1751 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 5 81 dep chemical 707:714 arg1 counts 879:884 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts 850:884 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts 850:884 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 81 dep chemical 707:714 arg1 count 787:791 aerobic plate count 773:791 aerobic plate count 773:791 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 81 dep chemical 707:714 arg1 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 pH 717:718 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 81 dep chemical 707:714 arg1 bacteria 836:843 lactic acid bacteria 824:843 lactic acid bacteria 824:843 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 81 dep chemical 707:714 arg1 count 817:821 psychrophilic bacteria count 794:821 psychrophilic bacteria count 794:821 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 5 81 dep chemical 707:714 arg1 nitrogen 742:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 total volatile basic nitrogen 721:749 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 6 82 theme GC-MS 923:927 arg1 results 929:935 The GC-MS results 919:935 The GC-MS results 919:935 The GC-MS results indicated that main components in BPEO were carene, caryophyllene, limonene, β-pinene, and α-pinene. 27296603 4 83 theme fillet 648:653 arg1 coating 655:661 common carp fillet coating 636:661 common carp fillet coating 636:661 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 2 84 theme chemical 365:372 arg1 composition 374:384 The chemical composition 361:384 The chemical composition of BPEO 361:392 The chemical composition of BPEO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27296603 0 85 theme Black 49:53 arg1 Oil 72:74 Black Pepper Essential Oil 49:74 Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage 49:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 2 86 theme chromatography-mass 422:440 arg1 GC-MS 456:460 GC-MS 456:460 GC-MS 456:460 The chemical composition of BPEO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27296603 2 86 theme chromatography-mass 422:440 arg1 spectrometry 442:453 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 418:453 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 418:461 The chemical composition of BPEO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27296603 0 87 theme Essential 62:70 arg1 Oil 72:74 Black Pepper Essential Oil 49:74 Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage 49:160 Biodegradable Chitosan Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil for Shelf Life Extension of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Refrigerated Storage. 27296603 7 88 theme nitrogen 1123:1130 arg1 values 1132:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 The samples coated with Ch and Ch+BPEO resulted in lower pH and total volatile basic nitrogen values in comparison with the control. 27296603 8 89 theme Ch+BPEO 1267:1273 arg1 coating 1275:1281 Ch+BPEO coating 1267:1281 Ch+BPEO coating 1267:1281 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 1 90 theme common 291:296 arg1 carp 298:301 common carp 291:301 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 291:319 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 1 90 theme common 291:296 arg1 carpio 313:318 Cyprinus carpio 304:318 Cyprinus carpio 304:318 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 7 91 theme volatile 1108:1115 arg1 values 1132:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 total volatile basic nitrogen values 1102:1137 The samples coated with Ch and Ch+BPEO resulted in lower pH and total volatile basic nitrogen values in comparison with the control. 27296603 8 92 theme fish 1203:1206 arg1 fillets 1208:1214 fish fillets 1203:1214 fish fillets 1203:1214 The microbiological analysis of fish fillets during refrigerated storage clearly indicated that Ch+BPEO coating significantly reduced the fish fillet microbial load. 27296603 10 93 theme shelf 1716:1720 arg1 life 1722:1725 the shelf life 1712:1725 the shelf life of fish fillets 1712:1741 Finally, Ch and Ch+BPEO effectively improved the quality of fish fillet during refrigerated storage and extended the shelf life of fish fillets from 8 to 16 days. 27296603 1 94 theme pepper 220:225 arg1 Ch+BPEO 242:248 Ch+BPEO 242:248 Ch+BPEO 242:248 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 1 94 theme pepper 220:225 arg1 oil 237:239 black pepper essential oil 214:239 black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) 214:249 UNLABELLED Chitosan (Ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (Ch+BPEO) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. 27296603 5 95 theme bacterial 869:877 arg1 counts 879:884 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts 850:884 Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts 850:884 The samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrophilic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts) characteristics during 16 days. 27296603 4 96 theme % 556:556 arg1 [wt/vol 558:564 2% [wt/vol 555:564 2% [wt/vol 555:564 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 4 96 theme % 556:556 arg1 Ch 551:552 Ch 551:552 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) 551:566 Ch (2% [wt/vol]) and Ch+BPEO (2% [wt/vol] Ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] BPEO) were used for common carp fillet coating. 27296603 3 97 theme BPEO 492:495 arg1 properties 478:487 Antibacterial properties 464:487 Antibacterial properties of BPEO 464:495 Antibacterial properties of BPEO were determined by disk diffusion agar, MIC, and MBC. 27502277 6 0 theme binding 1048:1054 arg1 plasticity 1056:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity 1026:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1026:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 13 1 theme bacteria 1960:1967 arg1 specialization 1938:1951 the metabolic specialization 1924:1951 the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria 1924:1967 This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria. 27502277 1 2 theme human 249:253 arg1 HGM 271:273 HGM 271:273 HGM 271:273 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 1 2 theme human 249:253 arg1 microbiota 259:268 distinct human gut microbiota 240:268 distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) 240:274 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 12 3 theme raffinose 1712:1720 arg1 uptake 1702:1707 the ABC-mediated uptake 1685:1707 the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose 1685:1720 These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. 27502277 3 4 theme solute 528:533 arg1 protein 543:549 the solute binding protein 524:549 the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) 524:559 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 3 4 theme solute 528:533 arg1 BlG16BP 552:558 BlG16BP 552:558 BlG16BP 552:558 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 13 5 theme metabolic 1928:1936 arg1 specialization 1938:1951 the metabolic specialization 1924:1951 the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria 1924:1967 This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria. 27502277 9 6 theme dominant 1401:1408 arg1 ovatus 1436:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 6 7 theme non-reducing 1100:1111 arg1 -diglycoside 1120:1131 the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside 1096:1131 the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1096:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 9 8 theme commensal 1414:1422 arg1 ovatus 1436:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 6 9 with complex 969:975 arg1 panose 996:1001 panose 996:1001 panose 996:1001 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 6 9 with complex 969:975 arg1 raffinose 982:990 raffinose 982:990 raffinose 982:990 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 9 10 theme B. 1463:1464 arg1 subsp 1475:1479 B. animalis subsp 1463:1479 B. animalis subsp 1463:1479 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 2 11 theme human 495:499 arg1 gut 501:503 the human gut 491:503 the human gut 491:503 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 8 12 theme bifidobacterial 1263:1277 arg1 taxa 1279:1282 seven bifidobacterial taxa 1257:1282 seven bifidobacterial taxa 1257:1282 Among seven bifidobacterial taxa, only those possessing this transporter displayed growth on α-(1,6)-glycosides. 27502277 9 13 theme Competition 1364:1374 arg1 assays 1376:1381 Competition assays 1364:1381 Competition assays 1364:1381 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 3 14 theme binding 584:590 arg1 transporter 607:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter 577:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 577:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 6 15 from complex 969:975 arg1 Structures 944:953 Structures 944:953 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose 944:1001 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 8 16 contain possessing 1296:1305 arg1 those 1290:1294 those 1290:1294 those 1290:1294 Among seven bifidobacterial taxa, only those possessing this transporter displayed growth on α-(1,6)-glycosides. 27502277 8 16 contain possessing 1296:1305 arg2 transporter 1312:1322 this transporter 1307:1322 this transporter 1307:1322 Among seven bifidobacterial taxa, only those possessing this transporter displayed growth on α-(1,6)-glycosides. 27502277 2 17 dep gluco-α- 347:354 arg1 1,6 356:358 1,6 356:358 1,6 356:358 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 13 18 theme glycan 1895:1900 arg1 transport 1902:1910 glycan transport 1895:1910 glycan transport 1895:1910 This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria. 27502277 7 19 theme BlG16BP 1149:1155 arg1 homologues 1157:1166 BlG16BP homologues 1149:1166 BlG16BP homologues 1149:1166 BlG16BP homologues occur predominantly in bifidobacteria and a few Firmicutes but lack in other HGMs. 27502277 6 20 from Structures 944:953 arg1 complex 969:975 complex 969:975 complex with raffinose and panose 969:1001 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 4 21 theme size 743:746 arg1 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 4 21 theme size 743:746 arg1 galactosides 719:730 galactosides 719:730 galactosides 719:730 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 13 22 theme novel 1858:1862 arg1 insight 1864:1870 This novel insight 1853:1870 This novel insight 1853:1870 This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria. 27502277 0 23 theme Dietary 74:80 arg1 1,6 62:64 1,6 62:64 1,6 62:64 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 0 23 theme Dietary 74:80 arg1 Oligosaccharides 82:97 α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 59:97 α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 59:97 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 5 24 theme bacterium 933:941 arg1 profile 918:924 the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile 887:924 the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium 887:941 This preference is also reflected in the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium. 27502277 6 25 from BlG16BP 958:964 arg1 complex 969:975 complex 969:975 complex with raffinose and panose 969:1001 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 4 26 theme -linked 696:702 arg1 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 6 27 from -diglycoside 1120:1131 arg1 ligands 1140:1146 its ligands 1136:1146 its ligands 1136:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 4 28 dep trisaccharides 813:826 arg1 trisaccharides 813:826 the trisaccharides raffinose and panose 809:847 the trisaccharides raffinose and panose 809:847 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 4 28 dep trisaccharides 813:826 arg1 panose 842:847 panose 842:847 panose 842:847 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 4 28 dep trisaccharides 813:826 arg1 raffinose 828:836 raffinose 828:836 raffinose 828:836 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 0 29 theme Binding 7:13 arg1 Transporter 24:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 0:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 0:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 5 30 theme uptake 911:916 arg1 profile 918:924 the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile 887:924 the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium 887:941 This preference is also reflected in the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium. 27502277 4 31 theme composition 777:787 arg1 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 4 31 theme composition 777:787 arg1 galactosides 719:730 galactosides 719:730 galactosides 719:730 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 12 32 theme dominant 1788:1795 arg1 Bacteroides 1797:1807 dominant Bacteroides 1788:1807 dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters 1788:1850 These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. 27502277 10 33 theme lactis 1482:1487 arg1 Bl-04 1489:1493 lactis Bl-04 1482:1493 lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures 1482:1511 lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures growing on raffinose, the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP. 27502277 2 34 theme galacto- 334:341 arg1 -oligosaccharides 360:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides 311:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch 311:400 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 2 35 from legumes 383:389 arg1 -oligosaccharides 360:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides 311:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch 311:400 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 3 36 theme animalis 654:661 arg1 subsp 663:667 the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 624:667 the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 624:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 4 37 theme linkage 749:755 arg1 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 4 37 theme linkage 749:755 arg1 galactosides 719:730 galactosides 719:730 galactosides 719:730 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 2 38 theme Non-digestible 311:324 arg1 -oligosaccharides 360:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides 311:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch 311:400 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 2 39 from starch 395:400 arg1 -oligosaccharides 360:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides 311:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch 311:400 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 6 40 theme BlG16BP 1070:1076 arg1 plasticity 1056:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity 1026:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1026:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 3 41 theme probiotic 628:636 arg1 subsp 663:667 the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 624:667 the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 624:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 1 42 theme uptake 230:235 arg1 details 192:198 The molecular details 178:198 The molecular details 178:198 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 1 42 theme uptake 230:235 arg1 impact 204:209 impact 204:209 impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) 204:274 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 7 43 theme few 1212:1214 arg1 Firmicutes 1216:1225 a few Firmicutes 1210:1225 a few Firmicutes 1210:1225 BlG16BP homologues occur predominantly in bifidobacteria and a few Firmicutes but lack in other HGMs. 27502277 11 44 theme ovatus 1591:1596 arg1 mono-cultures 1598:1610 B. ovatus mono-cultures 1588:1610 B. ovatus mono-cultures 1588:1610 By comparison, B. ovatus mono-cultures grew very efficiently on this trisaccharide. 27502277 2 45 theme gluco-α- 347:354 arg1 -oligosaccharides 360:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides 311:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch 311:400 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 8 46 from growth 1334:1339 arg1 1,6 1347:1349 1,6 1347:1349 1,6 1347:1349 Among seven bifidobacterial taxa, only those possessing this transporter displayed growth on α-(1,6)-glycosides. 27502277 8 46 from growth 1334:1339 arg1 -glycosides 1351:1361 α-(1,6)-glycosides 1344:1361 α-(1,6)-glycosides 1344:1361 Among seven bifidobacterial taxa, only those possessing this transporter displayed growth on α-(1,6)-glycosides. 27502277 1 47 theme distinct 240:247 arg1 HGM 271:273 HGM 271:273 HGM 271:273 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 1 47 theme distinct 240:247 arg1 microbiota 259:268 distinct human gut microbiota 240:268 distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) 240:274 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 6 48 theme ligand 1041:1046 arg1 plasticity 1056:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity 1026:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1026:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 0 49 from Growth 150:155 arg1 Substrates 166:175 These Substrates 160:175 These Substrates 160:175 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 1 50 theme gut 255:257 arg1 HGM 271:273 HGM 271:273 HGM 271:273 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 1 50 theme gut 255:257 arg1 microbiota 259:268 distinct human gut microbiota 240:268 distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) 240:274 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 12 51 theme important 1734:1742 arg1 advantage 1756:1764 an important competitive advantage 1731:1764 an important competitive advantage 1731:1764 These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. 27502277 12 52 theme ABC-mediated 1689:1700 arg1 uptake 1702:1707 the ABC-mediated uptake 1685:1707 the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose 1685:1720 These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. 27502277 6 53 theme 1,6 1116:1118 arg1 -diglycoside 1120:1131 the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside 1096:1131 the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1096:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 6 54 theme α- 1113:1114 arg1 -diglycoside 1120:1131 the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside 1096:1131 the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1096:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 10 55 theme preferred 1539:1547 arg1 ligand 1549:1554 the preferred ligand 1535:1554 the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP 1535:1570 lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures growing on raffinose, the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP. 27502277 10 55 theme preferred 1539:1547 arg1 raffinose 1524:1532 raffinose 1524:1532 raffinose 1524:1532 lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures growing on raffinose, the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP. 27502277 13 56 theme gut 1956:1958 arg1 bacteria 1960:1967 gut bacteria 1956:1967 gut bacteria 1956:1967 This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria. 27502277 3 57 theme binding 535:541 arg1 protein 543:549 the solute binding protein 524:549 the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) 524:559 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 3 57 theme binding 535:541 arg1 BlG16BP 552:558 BlG16BP 552:558 BlG16BP 552:558 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 1 58 theme molecular 182:190 arg1 details 192:198 The molecular details 178:198 The molecular details 178:198 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 3 59 from subsp 663:667 arg1 transporter 607:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter 577:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 577:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 9 60 theme Bacteroides 1424:1434 arg1 ovatus 1436:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 0 61 theme Competitive 138:148 arg1 Growth 150:155 Competitive Growth 138:155 Competitive Growth on These Substrates 138:175 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 13 62 theme transport 1902:1910 arg1 role 1887:1890 the role 1883:1890 the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria 1883:1967 This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria. 27502277 3 63 theme cassette 592:599 arg1 transporter 607:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter 577:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 577:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 0 64 theme α- 59:60 arg1 1,6 62:64 1,6 62:64 1,6 62:64 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 0 64 theme α- 59:60 arg1 Oligosaccharides 82:97 α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 59:97 α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 59:97 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 3 65 theme ATP 580:582 arg1 transporter 607:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter 577:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 577:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 9 66 theme HGM 1410:1412 arg1 ovatus 1436:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus 1397:1441 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 9 67 theme animalis 1466:1473 arg1 subsp 1475:1479 B. animalis subsp 1463:1479 B. animalis subsp 1463:1479 Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. 27502277 6 68 theme BlG16BP 958:964 arg1 Structures 944:953 Structures 944:953 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose 944:1001 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 4 69 theme lactis 670:675 arg1 Bl-04 677:681 lactis Bl-04 670:681 lactis Bl-04 670:681 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 0 70 theme -Linked 66:72 arg1 1,6 62:64 1,6 62:64 1,6 62:64 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 0 70 theme -Linked 66:72 arg1 Oligosaccharides 82:97 α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 59:97 α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 59:97 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 0 71 theme Oligosaccharides 82:97 arg1 Uptake 49:54 the Uptake 45:54 the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides 45:97 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 6 72 theme remarkable 1030:1039 arg1 plasticity 1056:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity 1026:1065 the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands 1026:1146 Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. 27502277 4 73 theme varying 735:741 arg1 size 743:746 varying size 735:746 varying size 735:746 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 0 74 theme ATP 3:5 arg1 Transporter 24:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 0:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 0:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 4 75 link -linked 696:702 arg1 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 glucosides 704:713 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 0 76 theme Cassette 15:22 arg1 Transporter 24:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 0:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 0:34 An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. 27502277 5 77 theme -galactoside 898:909 arg1 profile 918:924 the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile 887:924 the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium 887:941 This preference is also reflected in the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium. 27502277 10 78 from Bl-04 1489:1493 arg1 cultures 1504:1511 mixed cultures 1498:1511 mixed cultures 1498:1511 lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures growing on raffinose, the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP. 27502277 7 79 theme other 1239:1243 arg1 HGMs 1245:1248 other HGMs 1239:1248 other HGMs 1239:1248 BlG16BP homologues occur predominantly in bifidobacteria and a few Firmicutes but lack in other HGMs. 27502277 3 80 theme ABC 602:604 arg1 transporter 607:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter 577:617 an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 577:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 4 81 theme monosaccharide 762:775 arg1 composition 777:787 monosaccharide composition 762:787 monosaccharide composition 762:787 lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. 27502277 12 82 theme glycan-specific 1819:1833 arg1 ABC-transporters 1835:1850 glycan-specific ABC-transporters 1819:1850 glycan-specific ABC-transporters 1819:1850 These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. 27502277 3 83 theme Bifidobacterium 638:652 arg1 subsp 663:667 the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 624:667 the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp 624:667 Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 27502277 2 84 theme dietary 326:332 arg1 -oligosaccharides 360:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides 311:376 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch 311:400 Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. 27502277 1 85 theme oligosaccharide 214:228 arg1 uptake 230:235 oligosaccharide uptake 214:235 oligosaccharide uptake 214:235 The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. 27502277 12 86 theme competitive 1744:1754 arg1 advantage 1756:1764 an important competitive advantage 1731:1764 an important competitive advantage 1731:1764 These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. 27502277 10 87 theme mixed 1498:1502 arg1 cultures 1504:1511 mixed cultures 1498:1511 mixed cultures 1498:1511 lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures growing on raffinose, the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP. 27502277 11 88 theme B. 1588:1589 arg1 mono-cultures 1598:1610 B. ovatus mono-cultures 1588:1610 B. ovatus mono-cultures 1588:1610 By comparison, B. ovatus mono-cultures grew very efficiently on this trisaccharide. 27936716 6 0 theme zein 866:869 arg1 structure 853:861 the tertiary structure 840:861 the tertiary structure of zein 840:869 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 27936716 3 1 theme binary 461:466 arg1 complex 468:474 Zein-PGA binary complex 452:474 Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles 452:532 A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. 27936716 7 2 theme hydrophobic 917:927 arg1 effects 929:935 hydrophobic effects 917:935 hydrophobic effects 917:935 Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic effects were mainly involved in the interactions between zein and PGA. 27936716 4 3 theme solid 537:541 arg1 entity 555:560 A solid sponge-like entity 535:560 A solid sponge-like entity 535:560 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 0 4 theme Quercetagetin 75:87 arg1 Delivery 63:70 Delivery 63:70 Delivery of Quercetagetin 63:87 Binary Complex Based on Zein and Propylene Glycol Alginate for Delivery of Quercetagetin. 27936716 6 5 theme tertiary 844:851 arg1 structure 853:861 the tertiary structure 840:861 the tertiary structure of zein 840:869 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 27936716 0 6 theme Binary 0:5 arg1 Complex 7:13 Binary Complex 0:13 Binary Complex 0:13 Binary Complex Based on Zein and Propylene Glycol Alginate for Delivery of Quercetagetin. 27936716 4 7 theme complex 613:619 arg1 dispersion 631:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 5 8 theme Q 758:758 arg1 efficiency 723:732 entrapment efficiency 712:732 entrapment efficiency 712:732 A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. 27936716 5 8 theme Q 758:758 arg1 capacity 746:753 loading capacity 738:753 loading capacity 738:753 A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. 27936716 3 9 theme branches 484:491 arg1 " 492:492 its "branches" 479:492 its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles 479:532 A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. 27936716 4 10 theme binary 606:611 arg1 dispersion 631:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 8 11 theme possible 1021:1028 arg1 structures 1030:1039 four possible structures 1016:1039 four possible structures 1016:1039 Schematics with four possible structures were proposed to explain the formation mechanism of composites. 27936716 7 12 theme hydrogen 898:905 arg1 bond 907:910 hydrogen bond 898:910 hydrogen bond 898:910 Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic effects were mainly involved in the interactions between zein and PGA. 27936716 4 13 theme dispersion 631:640 arg1 lyophilization 579:592 lyophilization 579:592 lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 579:640 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 2 14 theme complex 393:399 arg1 potential 364:372 the Q-delivery potential 349:372 the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex 349:399 Quercetagetin (Q) was employed to explore the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex. 27936716 1 15 theme noncovalent 227:237 arg1 complex 246:252 a noncovalent binary complex 225:252 a noncovalent binary complex 225:252 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 7 16 theme Electrostatic 872:884 arg1 attraction 886:895 Electrostatic attraction 872:895 Electrostatic attraction 872:895 Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic effects were mainly involved in the interactions between zein and PGA. 27936716 3 17 theme zein 519:522 arg1 particles 524:532 zein particles 519:532 zein particles 519:532 A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. 27936716 4 18 theme colloidal 621:629 arg1 dispersion 631:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 2 19 theme binary 386:391 arg1 complex 393:399 Zein-PGA binary complex 377:399 Zein-PGA binary complex 377:399 Quercetagetin (Q) was employed to explore the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex. 27936716 1 20 theme binary 239:244 arg1 complex 246:252 a noncovalent binary complex 225:252 a noncovalent binary complex 225:252 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 5 21 dep efficiency 723:732 arg1 the 708:710 the 708:710 the 708:710 A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. 27936716 1 22 theme Propylene 90:98 arg1 PGA 117:119 PGA 117:119 PGA 117:119 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 1 22 theme Propylene 90:98 arg1 glycol 100:105 Propylene glycol alginate 90:114 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 90:120 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 3 23 theme tree-like 410:418 arg1 microstructure 420:433 A fruit tree-like microstructure 402:433 A fruit tree-like microstructure 402:433 A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. 27936716 2 24 theme Zein-PGA 377:384 arg1 complex 393:399 Zein-PGA binary complex 377:399 Zein-PGA binary complex 377:399 Quercetagetin (Q) was employed to explore the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex. 27936716 6 25 theme significant 818:828 arg1 effect 830:835 a significant effect 816:835 a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein 816:869 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 27936716 1 26 theme ethanol 166:172 arg1 solution 174:181 aqueous ethanol solution 158:181 aqueous ethanol solution 158:181 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 5 27 theme loading 738:744 arg1 capacity 746:753 loading capacity 738:753 loading capacity 738:753 A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. 27936716 4 28 theme Zein-PGA 597:604 arg1 dispersion 631:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion 597:640 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 8 29 with Schematics 1000:1009 arg1 structures 1030:1039 four possible structures 1016:1039 four possible structures 1016:1039 Schematics with four possible structures were proposed to explain the formation mechanism of composites. 27936716 2 30 theme Q-delivery 353:362 arg1 potential 364:372 the Q-delivery potential 349:372 the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex 349:399 Quercetagetin (Q) was employed to explore the Q-delivery potential of Zein-PGA binary complex. 27936716 3 31 theme fruit 404:408 arg1 microstructure 420:433 A fruit tree-like microstructure 402:433 A fruit tree-like microstructure 402:433 A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. 27936716 1 32 theme antisolvent 261:271 arg1 method 289:294 the antisolvent coprecipitation method 257:294 the antisolvent coprecipitation method 257:294 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 5 33 theme entrapment 712:721 arg1 efficiency 723:732 entrapment efficiency 712:732 entrapment efficiency 712:732 A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. 27936716 1 34 theme alginate 107:114 arg1 PGA 117:119 PGA 117:119 PGA 117:119 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 1 34 theme alginate 107:114 arg1 glycol 100:105 Propylene glycol alginate 90:114 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 90:120 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 0 35 theme Propylene 33:41 arg1 Glycol 43:48 Propylene Glycol 33:48 Propylene Glycol 33:48 Binary Complex Based on Zein and Propylene Glycol Alginate for Delivery of Quercetagetin. 27936716 1 36 theme coprecipitation 273:287 arg1 method 289:294 the antisolvent coprecipitation method 257:294 the antisolvent coprecipitation method 257:294 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 6 37 theme high 789:792 arg1 concentration 794:806 a high concentration 787:806 a high concentration 787:806 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 27936716 3 38 theme Zein-PGA 452:459 arg1 complex 468:474 Zein-PGA binary complex 452:474 Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles 452:532 A fruit tree-like microstructure was observed for Zein-PGA binary complex as its "branches" were closely adsorbed by zein particles. 27936716 5 39 theme synergistic 645:655 arg1 effect 657:662 A synergistic effect 643:662 A synergistic effect 643:662 A synergistic effect was found between zein and PGA on improving the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of Q. 27936716 6 40 from concentration 794:806 arg1 incorporation 765:777 The incorporation 761:777 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration 761:806 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 27936716 8 41 theme formation 1070:1078 arg1 mechanism 1080:1088 the formation mechanism 1066:1088 the formation mechanism of composites 1066:1102 Schematics with four possible structures were proposed to explain the formation mechanism of composites. 27936716 4 42 theme sponge-like 543:553 arg1 entity 555:560 A solid sponge-like entity 535:560 A solid sponge-like entity 535:560 A solid sponge-like entity was formed after lyophilization of Zein-PGA binary complex colloidal dispersion. 27936716 8 43 theme composites 1093:1102 arg1 mechanism 1080:1088 the formation mechanism 1066:1088 the formation mechanism of composites 1066:1102 Schematics with four possible structures were proposed to explain the formation mechanism of composites. 27936716 6 44 theme Q 782:782 arg1 incorporation 765:777 The incorporation 761:777 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration 761:806 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 27936716 1 45 theme aqueous 158:164 arg1 solution 174:181 aqueous ethanol solution 158:181 aqueous ethanol solution 158:181 Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was found to be able to dissolve in aqueous ethanol solution and applied to interact with zein to form a noncovalent binary complex by the antisolvent coprecipitation method at pH 4.0. 27936716 0 46 theme Alginate 50:57 arg1 Zein 24:27 Zein 24:27 Zein 24:27 Binary Complex Based on Zein and Propylene Glycol Alginate for Delivery of Quercetagetin. 27936716 6 47 from effect 830:835 arg1 structure 853:861 the tertiary structure 840:861 the tertiary structure of zein 840:869 The incorporation of Q at a high concentration induced a significant effect on the tertiary structure of zein. 24679809 0 0 theme canned 83:88 arg1 beverages 90:98 canned beverages 83:98 canned beverages 83:98 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 1 1 theme bisphenol 376:384 arg1 A 386:386 bisphenol A 376:386 bisphenol A (BPA) 376:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 1 1 theme bisphenol 376:384 arg1 BPA 389:391 BPA 389:391 BPA 389:391 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 4 2 theme BPA 701:703 arg1 detection 688:696 the detection 684:696 the detection of BPA 684:703 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 6 3 theme bottled 1018:1024 arg1 water 1035:1039 plastic bottled drinking water 1010:1039 plastic bottled drinking water 1010:1039 Furthermore, this imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully employed to detect BPA in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages. 24679809 0 4 from determination 16:28 arg1 water 73:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 0 4 from determination 16:28 arg1 beverages 90:98 canned beverages 83:98 canned beverages 83:98 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 2 5 theme sensor 478:483 arg1 performance 459:469 the performance 455:469 the performance of the sensor 455:483 Several important parameters controlling the performance of the sensor were investigated and optimised. 24679809 5 6 theme coexistence 892:902 arg1 substances 904:913 coexistence substances 892:913 coexistence substances 892:913 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 3 7 theme fast 548:551 arg1 response 553:560 a fast response 546:560 a fast response 546:560 The imprinted sensor offers a fast response and sensitive BPA quantification. 24679809 6 8 theme plastic 1010:1016 arg1 water 1035:1039 plastic bottled drinking water 1010:1039 plastic bottled drinking water 1010:1039 Furthermore, this imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully employed to detect BPA in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages. 24679809 6 9 theme canned 1045:1050 arg1 beverages 1052:1060 canned beverages 1045:1060 canned beverages 1045:1060 Furthermore, this imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully employed to detect BPA in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages. 24679809 6 10 theme electrochemical 944:958 arg1 sensor 960:965 this imprinted electrochemical sensor 929:965 this imprinted electrochemical sensor 929:965 Furthermore, this imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully employed to detect BPA in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages. 24679809 4 11 theme nM 750:751 arg1 S/N=3 754:758 S/N=3 754:758 S/N=3 754:758 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 4 11 theme nM 750:751 arg1 limit 737:741 the detection limit 723:741 the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3) 723:759 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 1 12 theme imprinted 292:300 arg1 film 330:333 molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film 280:333 molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 280:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 3 13 theme sensitive 566:574 arg1 quantification 580:593 sensitive BPA quantification 566:593 sensitive BPA quantification 566:593 The imprinted sensor offers a fast response and sensitive BPA quantification. 24679809 2 14 theme important 422:430 arg1 parameters 432:441 Several important parameters 414:441 Several important parameters controlling the performance of the sensor 414:483 Several important parameters controlling the performance of the sensor were investigated and optimised. 24679809 4 15 theme linear 628:633 arg1 range 635:639 a linear range 626:639 a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM 626:661 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 0 16 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 determination 16:28 Electrochemical determination 0:28 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages 0:98 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 2 17 theme Several 414:420 arg1 parameters 432:441 Several important parameters 414:441 Several important parameters controlling the performance of the sensor 414:483 Several important parameters controlling the performance of the sensor were investigated and optimised. 24679809 5 18 theme fabricated 777:786 arg1 sensor 788:793 the fabricated sensor 773:793 the fabricated sensor 773:793 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 5 18 theme fabricated 777:786 arg1 Meanwhile 762:770 Meanwhile 762:770 Meanwhile 762:770 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 1 19 theme novel 193:197 arg1 sensor 215:220 a novel electrochemical sensor 191:220 a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 191:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 1 20 theme A 386:386 arg1 detection 363:371 sensitive and selective detection 339:371 sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 339:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 1 21 theme chitosan-graphene 302:318 arg1 film 330:333 molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film 280:333 molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 280:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 4 22 theme detection 727:735 arg1 S/N=3 754:758 S/N=3 754:758 S/N=3 754:758 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 4 22 theme detection 727:735 arg1 limit 737:741 the detection limit 723:741 the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3) 723:759 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 1 23 theme electrochemical 199:213 arg1 sensor 215:220 a novel electrochemical sensor 191:220 a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 191:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 0 24 theme bisphenol 33:41 arg1 A 43:43 bisphenol A 33:43 bisphenol A 33:43 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 1 25 theme composite 320:328 arg1 film 330:333 molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film 280:333 molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 280:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 0 26 theme chitosan-graphene 130:146 arg1 electrode 172:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 5 27 theme specific 812:819 arg1 recognition 821:831 excellent specific recognition 802:831 excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances 802:913 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 5 28 theme excellent 802:810 arg1 recognition 821:831 excellent specific recognition 802:831 excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances 802:913 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 0 29 theme imprinted 120:128 arg1 electrode 172:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 4 30 from μM 660:661 arg1 range 635:639 a linear range 626:639 a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM 626:661 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 4 30 from μM 660:661 arg1 μM 677:678 1.0 to 20 μM 667:678 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA 667:703 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 4 31 theme 1.0 656:658 arg1 nM 650:651 nM 650:651 nM 650:651 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 4 32 theme optimal 606:612 arg1 conditions 614:623 the optimal conditions 602:623 the optimal conditions 602:623 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 0 33 theme film 158:161 arg1 electrode 172:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 5 34 theme structural 864:873 arg1 similarities 875:886 the structural similarities 860:886 the structural similarities 860:886 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 0 35 theme A 43:43 arg1 determination 16:28 Electrochemical determination 0:28 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages 0:98 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 1 36 theme sensitive 339:347 arg1 detection 363:371 sensitive and selective detection 339:371 sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 339:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 0 37 theme composite 148:156 arg1 electrode 172:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 5 38 theme template 836:843 arg1 molecule 845:852 template molecule 836:852 template molecule 836:852 Meanwhile, the fabricated sensor showed excellent specific recognition to template molecule among the structural similarities and coexistence substances. 24679809 0 39 theme bottled 56:62 arg1 water 73:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 0 40 theme plastic 48:54 arg1 water 73:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 1 41 theme selective 353:361 arg1 detection 363:371 sensitive and selective detection 339:371 sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 339:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 0 42 theme modified 163:170 arg1 electrode 172:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode 106:180 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 6 43 theme imprinted 934:942 arg1 sensor 960:965 this imprinted electrochemical sensor 929:965 this imprinted electrochemical sensor 929:965 Furthermore, this imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully employed to detect BPA in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages. 24679809 4 44 dep nM 650:651 arg1 to 653:654 to 653:654 to 653:654 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 1 45 theme acetylene 234:242 arg1 electrode 256:264 an acetylene black paste electrode 231:264 an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 231:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 3 46 theme BPA 576:578 arg1 quantification 580:593 sensitive BPA quantification 566:593 sensitive BPA quantification 566:593 The imprinted sensor offers a fast response and sensitive BPA quantification. 24679809 3 47 theme imprinted 522:530 arg1 sensor 532:537 The imprinted sensor 518:537 The imprinted sensor 518:537 The imprinted sensor offers a fast response and sensitive BPA quantification. 24679809 1 48 theme black 244:248 arg1 electrode 256:264 an acetylene black paste electrode 231:264 an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 231:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 4 49 dep 20 674:675 arg1 to 671:672 to 671:672 to 671:672 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 1 50 theme paste 250:254 arg1 electrode 256:264 an acetylene black paste electrode 231:264 an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) 231:392 Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on an acetylene black paste electrode modified with molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film for sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) has been developed. 24679809 0 51 theme drinking 64:71 arg1 water 73:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 plastic bottled drinking water 48:77 Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages using a molecularly imprinted chitosan-graphene composite film modified electrode. 24679809 4 52 theme 8.0 646:648 arg1 nM 650:651 nM 650:651 nM 650:651 Under the optimal conditions, a linear range from 8.0 nM to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 20 μM for the detection of BPA was observed with the detection limit of 6.0 nM (S/N=3). 24679809 6 53 theme drinking 1026:1033 arg1 water 1035:1039 plastic bottled drinking water 1010:1039 plastic bottled drinking water 1010:1039 Furthermore, this imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully employed to detect BPA in plastic bottled drinking water and canned beverages. 25188813 6 0 theme thermal 1427:1433 arg1 stability 1435:1443 a high thermal stability 1420:1443 a high thermal stability 1420:1443 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 6 1 theme 17.3 1374:1377 arg1 ± 1379:1379 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9% 1374:1399 ± 1379:1379 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 5 2 theme groups 1203:1208 arg1 μmol 1186:1189 200 μmol 1182:1189 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support 1182:1228 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 8 3 theme soluble 1757:1763 arg1 enzyme 1765:1770 the soluble enzyme 1753:1770 the soluble enzyme 1753:1770 Four successive batches were required for obtaining a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. 25188813 3 4 theme different 781:789 arg1 concentrations 800:813 different aldehyde concentrations 781:813 different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g) 781:830 Epoxy groups were hydrolyzed and oxidized, obtaining two supports activated with different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g). 25188813 3 4 theme different 781:789 arg1 μmol/g 824:829 100-250 μmol/g 816:829 100-250 μmol/g 816:829 Epoxy groups were hydrolyzed and oxidized, obtaining two supports activated with different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g). 25188813 6 5 with biocatalyst 1289:1299 arg1 IU/g 1310:1313 280 IU/g 1306:1313 280 IU/g 1306:1313 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 2 6 dep favoring 615:622 arg1 support 630:636 support 630:636 support cross-linking 630:650 In the first one, chitosan was derivatized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and activated with epichlorohydrin; in the second one, cross-linking and activation were done with epichlorohydrin in a two-step process, favoring first support cross-linking and then support functionalization (C-EPI-EPI). 25188813 1 7 theme low-cost 300:307 arg1 support 309:315 a low-cost support 298:315 a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 298:394 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 0 8 theme further 108:114 arg1 application 116:126 its further application 104:126 its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 104:163 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 5 9 theme support 1222:1228 arg1 gram 1214:1217 gram 1214:1217 gram of support 1214:1228 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 6 10 theme protein 1363:1369 arg1 terms 1341:1345 terms 1341:1345 terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively 1341:1413 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 6 11 from biocatalyst 1289:1299 arg1 terms 1341:1345 terms 1341:1345 terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively 1341:1413 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 7 12 theme batch 1573:1577 arg1 operation 1579:1587 repeated batch operation 1564:1587 repeated batch operation 1564:1587 The biocatalyst was applied to the synthesis of GOS in repeated batch operation without affecting the product composition. 25188813 2 13 with cross-linking 443:455 arg1 glutaraldehyde 462:475 glutaraldehyde 462:475 glutaraldehyde 462:475 In the first one, chitosan was derivatized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and activated with epichlorohydrin; in the second one, cross-linking and activation were done with epichlorohydrin in a two-step process, favoring first support cross-linking and then support functionalization (C-EPI-EPI). 25188813 6 14 theme ± 1379:1379 arg1 protein 1363:1369 protein 1363:1369 protein 1363:1369 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 6 14 theme ± 1379:1379 arg1 activity 1350:1357 activity 1350:1357 activity 1350:1357 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 0 15 from immobilization 47:60 arg1 synthesis 155:163 galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 131:163 galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 131:163 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 1 16 from application 333:343 arg1 synthesis 352:360 the synthesis 348:360 the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 348:394 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 6 17 theme soluble 1493:1499 arg1 enzyme 1501:1506 the soluble enzyme 1489:1506 the soluble enzyme 1489:1506 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 4 18 theme expressed 837:845 arg1 activity 847:854 The expressed activity 833:854 The expressed activity 833:854 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 8 19 theme higher 1719:1724 arg1 productivity 1706:1717 a cumulative specific productivity 1684:1717 a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme 1684:1770 Four successive batches were required for obtaining a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. 25188813 5 20 theme aldehyde 1194:1201 arg1 groups 1203:1208 aldehyde groups 1194:1208 aldehyde groups 1194:1208 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 4 21 theme biocatalyst 1054:1064 arg1 performance 1066:1076 the final biocatalyst performance 1044:1076 the final biocatalyst performance 1044:1076 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 22 theme derivatization 926:939 arg1 methodology 941:951 the derivatization methodology 922:951 the derivatization methodology 922:951 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 23 theme final 1048:1052 arg1 performance 1066:1076 the final biocatalyst performance 1044:1076 the final biocatalyst performance 1044:1076 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 6 24 theme immobilization 1316:1329 arg1 yields 1331:1336 immobilization yields 1316:1336 immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively 1316:1413 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 3 25 theme aldehyde 791:798 arg1 concentrations 800:813 different aldehyde concentrations 781:813 different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g) 781:830 Epoxy groups were hydrolyzed and oxidized, obtaining two supports activated with different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g). 25188813 3 25 theme aldehyde 791:798 arg1 μmol/g 824:829 100-250 μmol/g 816:829 100-250 μmol/g 816:829 Epoxy groups were hydrolyzed and oxidized, obtaining two supports activated with different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g). 25188813 6 26 theme activity 1350:1357 arg1 terms 1341:1345 terms 1341:1345 terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively 1341:1413 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 6 27 theme immobilization 1235:1248 arg1 conditions 1250:1259 The immobilization conditions 1231:1259 The immobilization conditions 1231:1259 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 6 28 theme % 1399:1399 arg1 protein 1363:1369 protein 1363:1369 protein 1363:1369 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 6 28 theme % 1399:1399 arg1 activity 1350:1357 activity 1350:1357 activity 1350:1357 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 0 29 theme derivatization 24:37 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 0:164 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 1 30 theme further 325:331 arg1 application 333:343 its further application 321:343 its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 321:394 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 2 31 theme two-step 597:604 arg1 process 606:612 a two-step process 595:612 a two-step process 595:612 In the first one, chitosan was derivatized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and activated with epichlorohydrin; in the second one, cross-linking and activation were done with epichlorohydrin in a two-step process, favoring first support cross-linking and then support functionalization (C-EPI-EPI). 25188813 6 32 theme high 1422:1425 arg1 stability 1435:1443 a high thermal stability 1420:1443 a high thermal stability 1420:1443 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 1 33 theme robust 224:229 arg1 biocatalyst 231:241 a robust biocatalyst 222:241 a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 222:291 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 0 34 theme chitosan 15:22 arg1 derivatization 24:37 chitosan derivatization 15:37 chitosan derivatization 15:37 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 3 35 dep two 753:755 arg1 supports 757:764 supports 757:764 supports 757:764 Epoxy groups were hydrolyzed and oxidized, obtaining two supports activated with different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g). 25188813 0 36 theme galacto-oligosaccharide 131:153 arg1 synthesis 155:163 galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 131:163 galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 131:163 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 3 37 theme Epoxy 700:704 arg1 groups 706:711 Epoxy groups 700:711 Epoxy groups 700:711 Epoxy groups were hydrolyzed and oxidized, obtaining two supports activated with different aldehyde concentrations (100-250 μmol/g). 25188813 2 38 theme second 520:525 arg1 one 527:529 the second one 516:529 the second one 516:529 In the first one, chitosan was derivatized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and activated with epichlorohydrin; in the second one, cross-linking and activation were done with epichlorohydrin in a two-step process, favoring first support cross-linking and then support functionalization (C-EPI-EPI). 25188813 7 39 theme repeated 1564:1571 arg1 operation 1579:1587 repeated batch operation 1564:1587 repeated batch operation 1564:1587 The biocatalyst was applied to the synthesis of GOS in repeated batch operation without affecting the product composition. 25188813 4 40 theme immobilized 877:887 arg1 biocatalysts 889:900 the immobilized biocatalysts 873:900 the immobilized biocatalysts 873:900 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 5 41 with C-EPI-EPI 1167:1175 arg1 μmol 1186:1189 200 μmol 1182:1189 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support 1182:1228 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 4 42 from parameters 1030:1039 arg1 performance 1066:1076 the final biocatalyst performance 1044:1076 the final biocatalyst performance 1044:1076 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 43 theme activation 1004:1013 arg1 parameters 1030:1039 key parameters 1026:1039 key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance 1026:1076 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 43 theme activation 1004:1013 arg1 agent 990:994 the cross-linking agent 972:994 the cross-linking agent 972:994 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 43 theme activation 1004:1013 arg1 degree 1015:1020 the activation degree 1000:1020 the activation degree 1000:1020 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 0 44 dep immobilization 47:60 arg1 β-galactosidase 84:98 β-galactosidase 84:98 the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 43:98 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 1 45 theme immobilized 246:256 arg1 β-galactosidase 277:291 immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 246:291 immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 246:291 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 6 46 from stability 1435:1443 arg1 terms 1341:1345 terms 1341:1345 terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively 1341:1413 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 4 47 theme key 1026:1028 arg1 parameters 1030:1039 key parameters 1026:1039 key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance 1026:1076 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 47 theme key 1026:1028 arg1 agent 990:994 the cross-linking agent 972:994 the cross-linking agent 972:994 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 47 theme key 1026:1028 arg1 degree 1015:1020 the activation degree 1000:1020 the activation degree 1000:1020 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 6 48 with stability 1435:1443 arg1 IU/g 1310:1313 280 IU/g 1306:1313 280 IU/g 1306:1313 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 7 49 theme GOS 1557:1559 arg1 synthesis 1544:1552 the synthesis 1540:1552 the synthesis of GOS in repeated batch operation 1540:1587 The biocatalyst was applied to the synthesis of GOS in repeated batch operation without affecting the product composition. 25188813 6 50 theme ± 1394:1394 arg1 % 1399:1399 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9% 1374:1399 % 1399:1399 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 1 51 from support 309:315 arg1 design 215:220 design 215:220 design 215:220 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 5 52 theme thermal 1130:1136 arg1 stability 1138:1146 thermal stability 1130:1146 thermal stability 1130:1146 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 4 53 theme biocatalysts 889:900 arg1 stability 860:868 stability 860:868 stability 860:868 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 53 theme biocatalysts 889:900 arg1 activity 847:854 The expressed activity 833:854 The expressed activity 833:854 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 7 54 from synthesis 1544:1552 arg1 operation 1579:1587 repeated batch operation 1564:1587 repeated batch operation 1564:1587 The biocatalyst was applied to the synthesis of GOS in repeated batch operation without affecting the product composition. 25188813 6 55 with yields 1331:1336 arg1 IU/g 1310:1313 280 IU/g 1306:1313 280 IU/g 1306:1313 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 8 56 theme specific 1697:1704 arg1 productivity 1706:1717 a cumulative specific productivity 1684:1717 a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme 1684:1770 Four successive batches were required for obtaining a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. 25188813 1 57 theme galacto-oligosaccharides 365:388 arg1 synthesis 352:360 the synthesis 348:360 the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 348:394 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 0 58 from application 116:126 arg1 synthesis 155:163 galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 131:163 galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 131:163 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 5 59 theme expressed 1107:1115 arg1 activity 1117:1124 expressed activity 1107:1124 expressed activity 1107:1124 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 6 60 dep times 1470:1474 arg1 value 1480:1484 the value 1476:1484 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme 1466:1506 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 8 61 theme cumulative 1686:1695 arg1 productivity 1706:1717 a cumulative specific productivity 1684:1717 a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme 1684:1770 Four successive batches were required for obtaining a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. 25188813 8 62 theme successive 1637:1646 arg1 batches 1648:1654 Four successive batches 1632:1654 Four successive batches 1632:1654 Four successive batches were required for obtaining a cumulative specific productivity higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. 25188813 4 63 theme cross-linking 976:988 arg1 parameters 1030:1039 key parameters 1026:1039 key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance 1026:1076 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 63 theme cross-linking 976:988 arg1 agent 990:994 the cross-linking agent 972:994 the cross-linking agent 972:994 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 4 63 theme cross-linking 976:988 arg1 degree 1015:1020 the activation degree 1000:1020 the activation degree 1000:1020 The expressed activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalysts varied according to the derivatization methodology, showing that both the cross-linking agent and the activation degree are key parameters in the final biocatalyst performance. 25188813 6 64 from yields 1331:1336 arg1 terms 1341:1345 terms 1341:1345 terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively 1341:1413 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 1 65 theme circulans 267:275 arg1 β-galactosidase 277:291 immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 246:291 immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 246:291 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 0 66 theme circulans 74:82 arg1 application 116:126 its further application 104:126 its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis 104:163 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 0 66 theme circulans 74:82 arg1 immobilization 47:60 the immobilization 43:60 the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 43:98 Improvement of chitosan derivatization for the immobilization of bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its further application in galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. 25188813 6 67 theme times 1470:1474 arg1 half-life 1453:1461 a half-life 1451:1461 a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme 1451:1506 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 5 68 dep best 1083:1086 arg1 compromise 1088:1097 compromise 1088:1097 compromise 1088:1097 The best compromise between expressed activity and thermal stability was obtained using C-EPI-EPI with 200 μmol of aldehyde groups per gram of support. 25188813 1 69 theme β-galactosidase 277:291 arg1 biocatalyst 231:241 a robust biocatalyst 222:241 a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase 222:291 Chitosan was derivatized by two methodologies to design a robust biocatalyst of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase from a low-cost support for its further application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). 25188813 2 70 theme first 404:408 arg1 one 410:412 the first one 400:412 the first one 400:412 In the first one, chitosan was derivatized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and activated with epichlorohydrin; in the second one, cross-linking and activation were done with epichlorohydrin in a two-step process, favoring first support cross-linking and then support functionalization (C-EPI-EPI). 25188813 6 71 theme enzyme 1501:1506 arg1 value 1480:1484 the value 1476:1484 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme 1466:1506 The immobilization conditions were optimized, obtaining a biocatalyst with 280 IU/g, immobilization yields in terms of activity and protein of 17.3 ± 0.4 and 61.5 ± 3.9%, respectively, and a high thermal stability, with a half-life of 449 times the value of the soluble enzyme. 25188813 7 72 theme product 1611:1617 arg1 composition 1619:1629 the product composition 1607:1629 the product composition 1607:1629 The biocatalyst was applied to the synthesis of GOS in repeated batch operation without affecting the product composition. 25760594 6 0 theme lectin 956:961 arg1 family 963:968 the lectin family 952:968 the lectin family 952:968 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 5 1 theme high 754:757 arg1 affinity 759:766 a high affinity 752:766 a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia 752:889 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 6 2 theme binding 1041:1047 arg1 properties 1049:1058 its binding properties 1037:1058 its binding properties 1037:1058 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 2 3 theme pathogen 322:329 arg1 interaction 303:313 the interaction 299:313 the interaction of the pathogen with the human host 299:349 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 3 4 from SPR 520:522 arg1 data 510:513 affinity data 501:513 affinity data from SPR 501:522 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 5 5 from affinity 759:766 arg1 range 786:790 the micromolar range 771:790 the micromolar range 771:790 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 6 6 theme biotechnological 1099:1114 arg1 applications 1116:1127 specific biotechnological applications 1090:1127 specific biotechnological applications 1090:1127 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 4 7 from differences 636:646 arg1 composition 662:672 amino-acid composition 651:672 amino-acid composition 651:672 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 4 8 theme marked 689:694 arg1 difference 696:705 a marked difference 687:705 a marked difference in specific ligand recognition 687:736 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 6 9 theme useful 1075:1080 arg1 tool 1082:1085 a potentially useful tool 1061:1085 a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications 1061:1127 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 6 10 theme future 999:1004 arg1 research 1014:1021 future medical research 999:1021 future medical research 999:1021 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 1 11 dep Aspergillus 122:132 arg1 fumigatus 134:142 fumigatus 134:142 fumigatus 134:142 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 5 12 theme human 875:879 arg1 epithelia 881:889 the human epithelia 871:889 the human epithelia 871:889 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 3 13 theme structures 372:381 arg1 study 363:367 A detailed study 352:367 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, 352:481 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 3 14 theme detailed 354:361 arg1 study 363:367 A detailed study 352:367 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, 352:481 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 1 15 theme new 183:185 arg1 member 187:192 a new member 181:192 a new member of the AAL lectin family 181:217 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 1 15 theme new 183:185 arg1 AFL 151:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 5 16 theme micromolar 775:784 arg1 range 786:790 the micromolar range 771:790 the micromolar range 771:790 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 4 17 theme specific 710:717 arg1 recognition 726:736 specific ligand recognition 710:736 specific ligand recognition 710:736 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 3 18 theme AFL 386:388 arg1 structures 372:381 structures 372:381 structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, 372:481 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 0 19 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 insights 11:18 Structural insights 0:18 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity 0:64 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. 25760594 6 20 theme complex 934:940 arg1 member 942:947 a complex member 932:947 a complex member of the lectin family 932:968 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 6 21 theme specific 1090:1097 arg1 applications 1116:1127 specific biotechnological applications 1090:1127 specific biotechnological applications 1090:1127 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 4 22 theme minor 630:634 arg1 differences 636:646 minor differences 630:646 minor differences in amino-acid composition 630:672 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 0 23 theme Aspergillus 25:35 arg1 specificity 54:64 Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity 25:64 Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity 25:64 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. 25760594 2 24 theme important 281:289 arg1 lectin 225:230 a lectin 223:230 a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen 223:261 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 2 24 theme important 281:289 arg1 role 291:294 an important role 278:294 an important role 278:294 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 6 25 from tool 1082:1085 arg1 applications 1116:1127 specific biotechnological applications 1090:1127 specific biotechnological applications 1090:1127 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 6 26 theme medical 1006:1012 arg1 research 1014:1021 future medical research 999:1021 future medical research 999:1021 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 2 27 with interaction 303:313 arg1 host 346:349 the human host 336:349 the human host 336:349 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 4 28 theme ligand 719:724 arg1 recognition 726:736 specific ligand recognition 710:736 specific ligand recognition 710:736 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 2 29 from pathogen 254:261 arg1 lectin 225:230 a lectin 223:230 a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen 223:261 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 2 29 from pathogen 254:261 arg1 role 291:294 an important role 278:294 an important role 278:294 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 1 30 theme AAL 201:203 arg1 family 212:217 the AAL lectin family 197:217 the AAL lectin family 197:217 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 0 31 theme lectin 47:52 arg1 specificity 54:64 Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity 25:64 Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity 25:64 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. 25760594 3 32 theme findings 565:572 arg1 context 545:551 the context 541:551 the context of previous findings 541:572 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 1 33 theme lectin 205:210 arg1 family 212:217 the AAL lectin family 197:217 the AAL lectin family 197:217 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 4 34 theme amino-acid 651:660 arg1 composition 662:672 amino-acid composition 651:672 amino-acid composition 651:672 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 1 35 theme family 212:217 arg1 member 187:192 a new member 181:192 a new member of the AAL lectin family 181:217 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 1 35 theme family 212:217 arg1 AFL 151:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 1 36 theme Aspergillus 122:132 arg1 member 187:192 a new member 181:192 a new member of the AAL lectin family 181:217 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 1 36 theme Aspergillus 122:132 arg1 AFL 151:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 3 37 theme previous 556:563 arg1 findings 565:572 previous findings 556:572 previous findings 556:572 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 4 38 from difference 696:705 arg1 recognition 726:736 specific ligand recognition 710:736 specific ligand recognition 710:736 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 25760594 0 39 dep Aspergillus 25:35 arg1 fumigatus 37:45 fumigatus 37:45 fumigatus 37:45 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. 25760594 1 40 theme lectin 144:149 arg1 member 187:192 a new member 181:192 a new member of the AAL lectin family 181:217 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 1 40 theme lectin 144:149 arg1 AFL 151:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL 118:153 The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. 25760594 6 41 theme challenging 976:986 arg1 target 988:993 a challenging target 974:993 a challenging target for future medical research 974:1021 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 2 42 theme opportunistic 240:252 arg1 pathogen 254:261 an opportunistic pathogen 237:261 an opportunistic pathogen 237:261 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 3 43 theme blood-group 461:471 arg1 epitopes 473:480 blood-group epitopes 461:480 blood-group epitopes 461:480 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 0 44 theme binding 71:77 arg1 sites 79:83 AFL binding sites 67:83 AFL binding sites 67:83 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. 25760594 5 45 located detected 828:835 arg2 oligosaccharides 800:815 oligosaccharides 800:815 oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia 800:889 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 5 45 located detected 828:835 arg1 plants 840:845 plants 840:845 plants 840:845 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 5 45 located detected 828:835 arg1 those 856:860 those 856:860 those 856:860 AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. 25760594 2 46 theme human 340:344 arg1 host 346:349 the human host 336:349 the human host 336:349 As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. 25760594 3 47 theme several 405:411 arg1 epitopes 473:480 blood-group epitopes 461:480 blood-group epitopes 461:480 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 3 47 theme several 405:411 arg1 monosaccharides 413:427 several monosaccharides 405:427 several monosaccharides 405:427 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 0 48 theme AFL 67:69 arg1 sites 79:83 AFL binding sites 67:83 AFL binding sites 67:83 Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. 25760594 6 49 theme family 963:968 arg1 member 942:947 a complex member 932:947 a complex member of the lectin family 932:968 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 6 49 theme family 963:968 arg1 target 988:993 a challenging target 974:993 a challenging target for future medical research 974:1021 All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications. 25760594 3 50 theme affinity 501:508 arg1 data 510:513 affinity data 501:513 affinity data from SPR 501:522 A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. 25760594 4 51 theme binding 583:589 arg1 sites 591:595 Its six binding sites 575:595 Its six binding sites 575:595 Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. 27875940 3 0 theme tensile 746:752 arg1 stability 701:709 the thermal stability 689:709 the thermal stability 689:709 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 0 theme tensile 746:752 arg1 strength 754:761 tensile strength 746:761 tensile strength 746:761 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 4 1 dep in 1020:1021 arg1 vitro 1023:1027 vitro 1023:1027 vitro 1023:1027 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 2 theme cell 1029:1032 arg1 culture 1034:1040 in vitro cell culture 1020:1040 in vitro cell culture 1020:1040 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 3 3 from increase 817:824 arg1 content 838:844 chitosan content 829:844 chitosan content 829:844 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 2 4 dep transform 351:359 arg1 infrared 361:368 infrared 361:368 transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement 351:529 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 5 5 theme potentials 1256:1265 arg1 biomaterials 1283:1294 biomaterials 1283:1294 biomaterials 1283:1294 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 5 5 theme potentials 1256:1265 arg1 applications 1267:1278 potentials applications 1256:1278 potentials applications 1256:1278 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 2 6 dep Fourier 343:349 arg1 transform 351:359 transform 351:359 transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement 351:529 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 4 7 theme composite 907:915 arg1 films 917:921 the composite films 903:921 the composite films 903:921 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 8 dep -25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium 968:994 arg1 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1 941:966 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1 941:966 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1 941:966 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 3 9 theme composite 574:582 arg1 films 584:588 the zein/chitosan composite films 556:588 the zein/chitosan composite films 556:588 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 2 10 from Effects 230:236 arg1 structure 265:273 structure 265:273 structure 265:273 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 10 from Effects 230:236 arg1 properties 288:297 physical properties 279:297 physical properties 279:297 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 11 theme electron 428:435 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 11 theme electron 428:435 arg1 microscopy 437:446 scanning electron microscopy 419:446 scanning electron microscopy 419:446 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 4 12 contain have 1071:1074 arg2 non- 1076:1079 non- 1076:1079 non- 1076:1079 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 12 contain have 1071:1074 arg1 films 1065:1069 the films 1061:1069 the films 1061:1069 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 12 contain have 1071:1074 arg2 low-cytotoxicity 1084:1099 low-cytotoxicity 1084:1099 low-cytotoxicity 1084:1099 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 1 13 theme chitosan-modified 85:101 arg1 films 118:122 chitosan-modified zein composite films 85:122 chitosan-modified zein composite films 85:122 A series of chitosan-modified zein composite films were fabricated from zein and chitosan by a process involving blending, solution casting and evaporation. 27875940 2 14 theme scanning 419:426 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 14 theme scanning 419:426 arg1 microscopy 437:446 scanning electron microscopy 419:446 scanning electron microscopy 419:446 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 5 15 contain have 1251:1254 arg2 biomaterials 1283:1294 biomaterials 1283:1294 biomaterials 1283:1294 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 5 15 contain have 1251:1254 arg2 applications 1267:1278 potentials applications 1256:1278 potentials applications 1256:1278 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 5 15 contain have 1251:1254 arg1 films 1239:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 5 16 theme chitosan-modified 1206:1222 arg1 films 1239:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 1 17 theme zein 103:106 arg1 films 118:122 chitosan-modified zein composite films 85:122 chitosan-modified zein composite films 85:122 A series of chitosan-modified zein composite films were fabricated from zein and chitosan by a process involving blending, solution casting and evaporation. 27875940 4 18 theme cells 1170:1174 arg1 proliferation 1149:1161 proliferation 1149:1161 proliferation 1149:1161 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 18 theme cells 1170:1174 arg1 adhesion 1136:1143 adhesion 1136:1143 adhesion 1136:1143 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 18 theme cells 1170:1174 arg1 growth 1128:1133 growth 1128:1133 growth 1128:1133 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 2 19 theme absorption 472:481 arg1 measurement 483:493 water absorption measurement 466:493 water absorption measurement 466:493 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 19 theme absorption 472:481 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 3 20 theme films 793:797 arg1 strength 754:761 tensile strength 746:761 tensile strength 746:761 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 20 theme films 793:797 arg1 flexibility 764:774 flexibility 764:774 flexibility 764:774 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 20 theme films 793:797 arg1 hydrophilicity 730:743 hydrophilicity 730:743 hydrophilicity 730:743 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 20 theme films 793:797 arg1 stability 701:709 the thermal stability 689:709 the thermal stability 689:709 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 20 theme films 793:797 arg1 absorption 718:727 water absorption 712:727 water absorption 712:727 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 1 21 theme composite 108:116 arg1 films 118:122 chitosan-modified zein composite films 85:122 chitosan-modified zein composite films 85:122 A series of chitosan-modified zein composite films were fabricated from zein and chitosan by a process involving blending, solution casting and evaporation. 27875940 1 22 theme solution 196:203 arg1 casting 205:211 solution casting 196:211 solution casting 196:211 A series of chitosan-modified zein composite films were fabricated from zein and chitosan by a process involving blending, solution casting and evaporation. 27875940 2 23 theme water 466:470 arg1 measurement 483:493 water absorption measurement 466:493 water absorption measurement 466:493 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 23 theme water 466:470 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 5 24 theme zein 1224:1227 arg1 films 1239:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 4 25 theme -25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium 968:994 arg1 assay 1010:1014 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 941:1014 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 941:1014 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 1 26 theme films 118:122 arg1 series 75:80 A series 73:80 A series of chitosan-modified zein composite films 73:122 A series of chitosan-modified zein composite films were fabricated from zein and chitosan by a process involving blending, solution casting and evaporation. 27875940 3 27 theme hydrogen 643:650 arg1 bonds 652:656 hydrogen bonds 643:656 hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan 643:682 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 0 28 theme functionality 15:27 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of functionality after chitosan-modified zein 0:56 Improvement of functionality after chitosan-modified zein biocomposites. 27875940 5 29 theme composite 1229:1237 arg1 films 1239:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 chitosan-modified zein composite films 1206:1243 These results indicated that chitosan-modified zein composite films might have potentials applications as biomaterials. 27875940 2 30 theme composite 306:314 arg1 films 316:320 the composite films 302:320 the composite films 302:320 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 31 theme tensile 449:455 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 31 theme tensile 449:455 arg1 testing 457:463 tensile testing 449:463 tensile testing 449:463 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 32 theme angle 513:517 arg1 measurement 519:529 water contact angle measurement 499:529 water contact angle measurement 499:529 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 32 theme angle 513:517 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 3 33 theme composite 783:791 arg1 films 793:797 the composite films 779:797 the composite films 779:797 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 34 theme thermal 693:699 arg1 strength 754:761 tensile strength 746:761 tensile strength 746:761 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 34 theme thermal 693:699 arg1 flexibility 764:774 flexibility 764:774 flexibility 764:774 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 34 theme thermal 693:699 arg1 hydrophilicity 730:743 hydrophilicity 730:743 hydrophilicity 730:743 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 34 theme thermal 693:699 arg1 stability 701:709 the thermal stability 689:709 the thermal stability 689:709 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 34 theme thermal 693:699 arg1 absorption 718:727 water absorption 712:727 water absorption 712:727 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 2 35 theme content 250:256 arg1 Effects 230:236 Effects 230:236 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films 230:320 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 36 dep structure 265:273 arg1 the 261:263 the 261:263 the 261:263 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 0 37 theme chitosan-modified 35:51 arg1 zein 53:56 chitosan-modified zein 35:56 chitosan-modified zein 35:56 Improvement of functionality after chitosan-modified zein biocomposites. 27875940 2 38 theme contact 505:511 arg1 measurement 519:529 water contact angle measurement 499:529 water contact angle measurement 499:529 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 38 theme contact 505:511 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 39 theme chitosan 241:248 arg1 content 250:256 chitosan content 241:256 chitosan content 241:256 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 40 theme water 499:503 arg1 measurement 519:529 water contact angle measurement 499:529 water contact angle measurement 499:529 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 40 theme water 499:503 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 4 41 theme bromide 996:1002 arg1 assay 1010:1014 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 941:1014 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 941:1014 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 3 42 theme water 712:716 arg1 stability 701:709 the thermal stability 689:709 the thermal stability 689:709 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 42 theme water 712:716 arg1 absorption 718:727 water absorption 712:727 water absorption 712:727 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 4 43 theme films 917:921 arg1 cytocompatibility 882:898 cytocompatibility 882:898 cytocompatibility 882:898 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 4 43 theme films 917:921 arg1 cytotoxicity 865:876 cytotoxicity 865:876 cytotoxicity 865:876 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 3 44 dep 50 856:857 arg1 to 853:854 to 853:854 to 853:854 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 3 45 theme bonds 652:656 arg1 formation 630:638 the formation 626:638 the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan 626:682 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 2 46 theme films 316:320 arg1 structure 265:273 structure 265:273 structure 265:273 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 46 theme films 316:320 arg1 properties 288:297 physical properties 279:297 physical properties 279:297 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 47 theme physical 279:286 arg1 properties 288:297 physical properties 279:297 physical properties 279:297 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 4 48 dep cytotoxicity 865:876 arg1 The 861:863 The 861:863 The 861:863 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 3 49 theme zein/chitosan 560:572 arg1 films 584:588 the zein/chitosan composite films 556:588 the zein/chitosan composite films 556:588 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 2 50 theme scanning 397:404 arg1 calorimetry 406:416 differential scanning calorimetry 384:416 differential scanning calorimetry 384:416 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 50 theme scanning 397:404 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 3 51 theme chitosan 829:836 arg1 content 838:844 chitosan content 829:844 chitosan content 829:844 The results showed that the zein/chitosan composite films were fabricated successfully due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between zein and chitosan, and the thermal stability, water absorption, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, flexibility of the composite films increased with an increase in chitosan content from 0 to 50%. 27875940 4 52 theme in 1020:1021 arg1 culture 1034:1040 in vitro cell culture 1020:1040 in vitro cell culture 1020:1040 The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the composite films were evaluated by 3-[45-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-25-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro cell culture, which showed that the films have non- or low-cytotoxicity, and chitosan promoted the growth, adhesion and proliferation of the cells. 27875940 2 53 theme differential 384:395 arg1 calorimetry 406:416 differential scanning calorimetry 384:416 differential scanning calorimetry 384:416 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 27875940 2 53 theme differential 384:395 arg1 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 spectroscopy 370:381 Effects of chitosan content on the structure and physical properties of the composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water absorption measurement and water contact angle measurement. 26377443 0 0 theme compounds 96:104 arg1 adsorption 70:79 enhanced adsorption 61:79 enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds 61:104 Reduction of graphene oxide/alginate composite hydrogels for enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. 26377443 4 1 from studies 819:825 arg1 solution 789:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution 764:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels 764:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 2 2 theme hydrophobic 339:349 arg1 molecules 351:359 hydrophobic molecules 339:359 hydrophobic molecules 339:359 In particular, rGO materials hold great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules. 26377443 1 3 theme various 228:234 arg1 molecules 236:244 various molecules 228:244 various molecules 228:244 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 0 4 theme hydrophobic 84:94 arg1 compounds 96:104 hydrophobic compounds 84:104 hydrophobic compounds 84:104 Reduction of graphene oxide/alginate composite hydrogels for enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. 26377443 4 5 theme hydrophobic 840:850 arg1 substance 852:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 5 theme hydrophobic 840:850 arg1 B 873:873 rhodamine B 863:873 rhodamine B 863:873 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 6 theme hydrophobic 669:679 arg1 compounds 681:689 hydrophobic compounds 669:689 hydrophobic compounds 669:689 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 7 theme rhodamine 863:871 arg1 substance 852:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 7 theme rhodamine 863:871 arg1 B 873:873 rhodamine B 863:873 rhodamine B 863:873 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 8 theme Adsorption 808:817 arg1 studies 819:825 37 °C. Adsorption studies 801:825 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels 801:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 9 with studies 819:825 arg1 substance 852:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 9 with studies 819:825 arg1 B 873:873 rhodamine B 863:873 rhodamine B 863:873 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 10 theme unreduced 957:965 arg1 hydrogels 967:975 the unreduced hydrogels 953:975 the unreduced hydrogels 953:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 5 11 theme hydrophobic 1071:1081 arg1 interactions 1093:1104 hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1071:1104 hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1071:1104 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 1 12 dep oxide 154:158 arg1 GO 161:162 GO 161:162 GO 161:162 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 2 13 theme rGO 262:264 arg1 materials 266:274 rGO materials 262:274 rGO materials 262:274 In particular, rGO materials hold great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules. 26377443 4 14 theme composite 704:712 arg1 hydrogels 714:722 GO/alginate composite hydrogels 692:722 GO/alginate composite hydrogels 692:722 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 15 theme GO/alginate 692:702 arg1 hydrogels 714:722 GO/alginate composite hydrogels 692:722 GO/alginate composite hydrogels 692:722 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 5 16 theme molecules 1197:1205 arg1 adsorption 1173:1182 the adsorption 1169:1182 the adsorption of different molecules 1169:1205 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 5 17 theme ionic 1087:1091 arg1 interactions 1093:1104 hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1071:1104 hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1071:1104 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 4 18 with capacity 655:662 arg1 compounds 681:689 hydrophobic compounds 669:689 hydrophobic compounds 669:689 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 3 19 theme conventional 371:382 arg1 production 384:393 conventional production 371:393 conventional production 371:393 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 3 20 from production 384:393 arg1 solution 426:433 aqueous solution 418:433 aqueous solution 418:433 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 4 21 theme model 834:838 arg1 substance 852:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 a model hydrophobic substance 832:860 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 21 theme model 834:838 arg1 B 873:873 rhodamine B 863:873 rhodamine B 863:873 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 6 22 theme drug 1292:1295 arg1 delivery 1297:1304 drug delivery 1292:1304 drug delivery 1292:1304 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 4 23 theme adsorption 644:653 arg1 capacity 655:662 a high adsorption capacity 637:662 a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds 637:689 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 6 24 theme embedding 1232:1240 arg1 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 6 24 theme embedding 1232:1240 arg1 rGO 1242:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 1 25 theme Carbon-based 107:118 arg1 materials 120:128 Carbon-based materials 107:128 Carbon-based materials 107:128 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 3 26 theme aqueous 418:424 arg1 solution 426:433 aqueous solution 418:433 aqueous solution 418:433 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 5 27 theme reduction 1155:1163 arg1 degree 1145:1150 the degree 1141:1150 the degree of reduction 1141:1163 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 4 28 theme reduced 894:900 arg1 absorbent 938:946 absorbent 938:946 absorbent 938:946 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 28 theme reduced 894:900 arg1 hydrogels 912:920 the reduced composite hydrogels 890:920 the reduced composite hydrogels 890:920 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 2 29 theme great 281:285 arg1 promise 287:293 great promise 281:293 great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules 281:359 In particular, rGO materials hold great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules. 26377443 0 30 theme graphene 13:20 arg1 Reduction 0:8 Reduction 0:8 Reduction of graphene 0:20 Reduction of graphene oxide/alginate composite hydrogels for enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. 26377443 3 31 theme due 467:469 arg1 aggregation 455:465 severe aggregation 448:465 severe aggregation due to its low water solubility 448:497 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 3 32 theme water 482:486 arg1 solubility 488:497 its low water solubility 474:497 its low water solubility 474:497 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 6 33 theme waste 1307:1311 arg1 treatment 1313:1321 waste treatment 1307:1321 waste treatment 1307:1321 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 6 34 theme hydrogels 1222:1230 arg1 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 6 34 theme hydrogels 1222:1230 arg1 rGO 1242:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 4 35 theme high 639:642 arg1 capacity 655:662 a high adsorption capacity 637:662 a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds 637:689 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 0 36 theme composite 37:45 arg1 hydrogels 47:55 composite hydrogels 37:55 composite hydrogels for enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds 37:104 Reduction of graphene oxide/alginate composite hydrogels for enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. 26377443 3 37 theme rGO 411:413 arg1 production 384:393 conventional production 371:393 conventional production 371:393 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 5 38 theme adsorption 995:1004 arg1 consequences 1055:1066 consequences 1055:1066 consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1055:1104 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 5 38 theme adsorption 995:1004 arg1 properties 1006:1015 the adsorption properties 991:1015 the adsorption properties 991:1015 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 3 39 theme severe 448:453 arg1 aggregation 455:465 severe aggregation 448:465 severe aggregation due to its low water solubility 448:497 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 0 40 theme enhanced 61:68 arg1 adsorption 70:79 enhanced adsorption 61:79 enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds 61:104 Reduction of graphene oxide/alginate composite hydrogels for enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. 26377443 5 41 theme composite 1024:1032 arg1 hydrogels 1034:1042 the composite hydrogels 1020:1042 the composite hydrogels 1020:1042 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 1 42 dep reduced 168:174 arg1 GO 176:177 GO 176:177 GO 176:177 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 3 43 theme low 478:480 arg1 solubility 488:497 its low water solubility 474:497 its low water solubility 474:497 However, conventional production and/or usage of rGO in aqueous solution often causes severe aggregation due to its low water solubility and thus difficulties in handling and applications. 26377443 4 44 theme composite 902:910 arg1 absorbent 938:946 absorbent 938:946 absorbent 938:946 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 4 44 theme composite 902:910 arg1 hydrogels 912:920 the reduced composite hydrogels 890:920 the reduced composite hydrogels 890:920 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 5 45 theme interactions 1093:1104 arg1 properties 1006:1015 the adsorption properties 991:1015 the adsorption properties 991:1015 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 5 45 theme interactions 1093:1104 arg1 consequences 1055:1066 consequences 1055:1066 consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1055:1104 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 4 46 theme °C. 804:806 arg1 studies 819:825 37 °C. Adsorption studies 801:825 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels 801:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 2 47 theme delivery 314:321 arg1 applications 323:334 adsorption and delivery applications 299:334 adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules 299:359 In particular, rGO materials hold great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules. 26377443 6 48 from applications 1268:1279 arg1 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 6 48 from applications 1268:1279 arg1 rGO 1242:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 1 49 contain possess 186:192 arg2 abilities 201:209 unique abilities 194:209 unique abilities to interact with various molecules 194:244 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 1 49 contain possess 186:192 arg1 materials 120:128 Carbon-based materials 107:128 Carbon-based materials 107:128 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 4 50 theme ascorbic 775:782 arg1 solution 789:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution 764:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels 764:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 6 51 theme composite 1212:1220 arg1 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 useful 1258:1263 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 6 51 theme composite 1212:1220 arg1 rGO 1242:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO 1208:1244 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 1 52 theme graphene 145:152 arg1 oxide 154:158 graphene oxide 145:158 graphene oxide (GO) 145:163 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 6 53 from useful 1258:1263 arg1 applications 1268:1279 applications 1268:1279 applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing 1268:1337 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 6 54 theme related 1281:1287 arg1 applications 1268:1279 applications 1268:1279 applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing 1268:1337 The composite hydrogels embedding rGO can be very useful in applications related to drug delivery, waste treatment, and biosensing. 26377443 5 55 theme hydrogels 1034:1042 arg1 consequences 1055:1066 consequences 1055:1066 consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions 1055:1104 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 5 55 theme hydrogels 1034:1042 arg1 properties 1006:1015 the adsorption properties 991:1015 the adsorption properties 991:1015 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 4 56 theme aqueous 767:773 arg1 solution 789:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution 764:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels 764:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 2 57 theme adsorption 299:308 arg1 applications 323:334 adsorption and delivery applications 299:334 adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules 299:359 In particular, rGO materials hold great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules. 26377443 4 58 theme severe 580:585 arg1 aggregation 587:597 the severe aggregation 576:597 the severe aggregation of GO during reduction 576:620 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 1 59 theme unique 194:199 arg1 abilities 201:209 unique abilities 194:209 unique abilities to interact with various molecules 194:244 Carbon-based materials, consisting of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO), possess unique abilities to interact with various molecules. 26377443 4 60 theme GO 602:603 arg1 aggregation 587:597 the severe aggregation 576:597 the severe aggregation of GO during reduction 576:620 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 5 61 theme different 1187:1195 arg1 molecules 1197:1205 different molecules 1187:1205 different molecules 1187:1205 In addition, the adsorption properties of the composite hydrogels, which are consequences of hydrophobic and ionic interactions, could be modulated by controlling the degree of reduction for the adsorption of different molecules. 26377443 4 62 theme acid 784:787 arg1 solution 789:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution 764:796 an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels 764:975 In our study, to prevent the severe aggregation of GO during reduction and to achieve a high adsorption capacity with hydrophobic compounds, GO/alginate composite hydrogels were first prepared and then reduced in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution at 37 °C. Adsorption studies with a model hydrophobic substance, rhodamine B, revealed that the reduced composite hydrogels are more highly absorbent than the unreduced hydrogels. 26377443 2 63 theme molecules 351:359 arg1 applications 323:334 adsorption and delivery applications 299:334 adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules 299:359 In particular, rGO materials hold great promise for adsorption and delivery applications of hydrophobic molecules. 28119189 2 0 theme alternative 355:365 arg1 way 367:369 an alternative way 352:369 an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating 352:439 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 3 1 theme metal 516:520 arg1 structures 528:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 4 2 theme chitinous 581:589 arg1 scaffolds 591:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 5 3 theme phase 727:731 arg1 nanocrystallites 698:713 The nanocrystallites 694:713 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres 694:760 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres represents replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate. 28119189 4 4 contain possess 628:634 arg2 structure 649:657 a 3D network structure 636:657 a 3D network structure 636:657 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 4 4 contain possess 628:634 arg1 scaffolds 591:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 2 5 theme high 307:310 arg1 reactions 324:332 high temperature reactions 307:332 high temperature reactions 307:332 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 4 6 theme poriferan 604:612 arg1 origin 614:619 poriferan origin 604:619 poriferan origin 604:619 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 3 7 theme 3D 475:476 arg1 materials 488:496 3D composite materials 475:496 3D composite materials 475:496 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 5 8 theme chitinous 745:753 arg1 fibres 755:760 chitinous fibres 745:760 chitinous fibres 745:760 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres represents replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate. 28119189 1 9 theme Chitinous 80:88 arg1 scaffolds 90:98 Chitinous scaffolds 80:98 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta 80:146 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 1 10 theme metals 192:197 arg1 deposition 178:187 deposition 178:187 deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides 178:230 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 4 11 theme first 570:574 arg1 time 576:579 the first time 566:579 the first time 566:579 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 0 12 theme origin 20:25 arg1 Chitin 0:5 Chitin 0:5 Chitin of poriferan origin 0:25 Chitin of poriferan origin and the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide. 28119189 0 12 theme origin 20:25 arg1 bioelectrometallurgy 35:54 the bioelectrometallurgy 31:54 the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide 31:77 Chitin of poriferan origin and the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide. 28119189 2 13 theme temperature 312:322 arg1 reactions 324:332 high temperature reactions 307:332 high temperature reactions 307:332 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 4 14 theme 3D 638:639 arg1 structure 649:657 a 3D network structure 636:657 a 3D network structure 636:657 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 0 15 theme poriferan 10:18 arg1 origin 20:25 poriferan origin 10:25 poriferan origin 10:25 Chitin of poriferan origin and the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide. 28119189 3 16 with production 461:470 arg1 structures 528:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 1 17 theme marine 114:119 arg1 basta 142:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 1 18 theme novel 158:162 arg1 templates 164:172 novel templates 158:172 novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides 158:230 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 3 19 theme metallic 503:510 arg1 structures 528:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 1 20 theme copper 218:223 arg1 oxides 225:230 copper oxides 218:230 copper oxides 218:230 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 5 21 theme metallic 718:725 arg1 phase 727:731 metallic phase 718:731 metallic phase 718:731 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres represents replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate. 28119189 2 22 theme electrochemical 403:417 arg1 deposition 419:428 electrochemical deposition 403:428 electrochemical deposition 403:428 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 4 23 theme copper 678:683 arg1 plating 685:691 the copper plating 674:691 the copper plating 674:691 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 1 24 attach isolated 100:107 arg1 basta 142:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 1 24 attach isolated 100:107 arg2 scaffolds 90:98 Chitinous scaffolds 80:98 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta 80:146 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 5 25 theme original 789:796 arg1 substrate 810:818 the original nanofibrous substrate 785:818 the original nanofibrous substrate 785:818 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres represents replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate. 28119189 4 26 used used 665:668 arg2 scaffolds 591:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 4 27 theme network 641:647 arg1 structure 649:657 a 3D network structure 636:657 a 3D network structure 636:657 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 5 28 theme nanofibrous 798:808 arg1 substrate 810:818 the original nanofibrous substrate 785:818 the original nanofibrous substrate 785:818 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres represents replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate. 28119189 1 29 theme demosponge 121:130 arg1 basta 142:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 5 30 theme substrate 810:818 arg1 replicas 773:780 replicas 773:780 replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate 773:818 The nanocrystallites of metallic phase obtained on chitinous fibres represents replicas of the original nanofibrous substrate. 28119189 1 31 theme Ianthella 132:140 arg1 basta 142:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 marine demosponge Ianthella basta 114:146 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Ianthella basta represent novel templates for deposition of metals such as copper and copper oxides. 28119189 3 32 theme composite 478:486 arg1 materials 488:496 3D composite materials 475:496 3D composite materials 475:496 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 2 33 theme Biomimetics 268:278 arg1 methods 280:286 traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods 248:286 traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions 248:332 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 3 34 theme materials 488:496 arg1 production 461:470 production 461:470 production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures 461:537 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 4 35 theme origin 614:619 arg1 scaffolds 591:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 chitinous scaffolds 581:599 For the first time chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, which possess a 3D network structure, were used for the copper plating. 28119189 0 36 theme oxide 73:77 arg1 Chitin 0:5 Chitin 0:5 Chitin of poriferan origin 0:25 Chitin of poriferan origin and the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide. 28119189 0 36 theme oxide 73:77 arg1 bioelectrometallurgy 35:54 the bioelectrometallurgy 31:54 the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide 31:77 Chitin of poriferan origin and the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide. 28119189 2 37 theme Extreme 260:266 arg1 methods 280:286 traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods 248:286 traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions 248:332 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 3 38 theme oxide 522:526 arg1 structures 528:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 metallic and metal oxide structures 503:537 This method allows production of 3D composite materials with metallic and metal oxide structures within their surfaces. 28119189 2 39 theme well-known 382:391 arg1 process 393:399 a well-known process 380:399 a well-known process 380:399 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 28119189 0 40 theme copper/copper 59:71 arg1 oxide 73:77 copper/copper oxide 59:77 copper/copper oxide 59:77 Chitin of poriferan origin and the bioelectrometallurgy of copper/copper oxide. 28119189 2 41 theme traditional 248:258 arg1 methods 280:286 traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods 248:286 traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions 248:332 In contrast to traditional Extreme Biomimetics methods which are based on high temperature reactions, here, we propose an alternative way based on a well-known process - electrochemical deposition or plating. 25527660 7 0 link 2-linked 1152:1159 arg1 [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 0 link 2-linked 1152:1159 arg1 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 1 theme HEU 1092:1094 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 1 theme HEU 1092:1094 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 2 2 theme HIV-infected 351:362 arg1 children 398:405 HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 351:405 HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 351:405 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 7 3 theme HMOs 1299:1302 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 3 theme HMOs 1299:1302 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 3 4 from women 508:512 arg1 Zambia 525:530 Zambia 525:530 Zambia 525:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 3 4 from women 508:512 arg1 context 454:460 the context 450:460 the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 450:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 2 5 theme HMO 298:300 arg1 composition 302:312 HMO composition 298:312 HMO composition 298:312 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 7 6 theme non-2-linked 1274:1285 arg1 II/III 1331:1336 LNFP II/III 1326:1336 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 6 theme non-2-linked 1274:1285 arg1 HMOs 1299:1302 non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs 1274:1302 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during 1152:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 6 theme non-2-linked 1274:1285 arg1 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 5 7 theme age 818:820 arg1 wk 812:813 6 wk 810:813 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age 810:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 7 8 link non-2-linked 1274:1285 arg1 II/III 1331:1336 LNFP II/III 1326:1336 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 8 link non-2-linked 1274:1285 arg1 HMOs 1299:1302 non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs 1274:1302 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during 1152:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 8 link non-2-linked 1274:1285 arg1 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 8 9 with children 1552:1559 arg1 concentrations 1571:1584 high concentrations 1566:1584 high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs 1566:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 3 10 from trial 482:486 arg1 women 508:512 958 HIV-infected women 491:512 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 491:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 3 11 theme nested 548:553 arg1 analysis 567:574 a nested case-cohort analysis 546:574 a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 546:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 1 12 theme multiple 185:192 arg1 functions 211:219 multiple immunomodulatory functions 185:219 multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health 185:247 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 11 13 theme HIV 1883:1885 arg1 infection 1887:1895 HIV infection 1883:1895 HIV infection 1883:1895 HIV infection may modulate some of the consequences of HMOs on child survival. 25527660 10 14 theme oligosaccharide 1773:1787 arg1 composition 1789:1799 The oligosaccharide composition 1769:1799 The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk 1769:1814 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 3 15 theme HIV-infected 495:506 arg1 women 508:512 958 HIV-infected women 491:512 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 491:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 2 16 dep OBJECTIVE 250:258 arg1 investigated 277:288 investigated 277:288 investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding 277:436 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 3 17 theme mortality 579:587 arg1 analysis 567:574 a nested case-cohort analysis 546:574 a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 546:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 8 18 theme HEU 1548:1550 arg1 children 1552:1559 HEU children 1548:1559 HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs 1548:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 5 19 theme HIV-infected 776:787 arg1 children 789:796 all HIV-infected children 772:796 all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age 772:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 2 20 dep survival 325:332 arg1 y 339:339 2 y 337:339 survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 325:405 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 2 20 dep survival 325:332 arg1 to 334:335 to 334:335 to 334:335 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 10 21 theme milk 1811:1814 arg1 composition 1789:1799 The oligosaccharide composition 1769:1799 The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk 1769:1814 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 6 22 theme Cox 1066:1068 arg1 models 1070:1075 Cox models 1066:1075 Cox models 1066:1075 Associations before and after weaning in HIV-infected and HEU infants separately were investigated by using Cox models. 25527660 5 23 theme age 850:852 arg1 y 845:845 <2 y 842:845 <2 y of age 842:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 4 24 theme Breast-milk 648:658 arg1 samples 660:666 Breast-milk samples 648:666 Breast-milk samples collected at 1 mo postpartum 648:695 Breast-milk samples collected at 1 mo postpartum were analyzed for HMO content. 25527660 0 25 theme uninfected 66:75 arg1 children 77:84 uninfected children 66:84 uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia 66:131 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk influences survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia. 25527660 8 26 theme fucosylated 1589:1599 arg1 HMOs 1601:1604 fucosylated HMOs 1589:1604 fucosylated HMOs 1589:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 1 27 theme milk 151:154 arg1 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 1 27 theme milk 151:154 arg1 oligosaccharides 156:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 134:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 134:178 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 2 28 from survival 325:332 arg1 children 398:405 HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 351:405 HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 351:405 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 10 29 theme HEU 1869:1871 arg1 children 1873:1880 HEU children 1869:1880 HEU children 1869:1880 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 10 30 theme breastfeeding 1852:1864 arg1 benefits 1840:1847 the benefits 1836:1847 the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children 1836:1880 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 0 31 theme HIV-infected 94:105 arg1 mothers 107:113 HIV-infected mothers 94:113 HIV-infected mothers 94:113 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk influences survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia. 25527660 5 32 theme 77 940:941 arg1 survivors 947:955 77 HEU survivors 940:955 77 HEU survivors 940:955 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 33 theme children 874:881 arg1 mothers 761:767 mothers 761:767 mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age 761:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 33 theme children 874:881 arg1 sample 930:935 a random sample 921:935 a random sample of 77 HEU survivors 921:955 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 33 theme children 874:881 arg1 mothers 855:861 mothers 855:861 mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66) 855:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 1 34 theme BACKGROUND 134:143 arg1 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 1 34 theme BACKGROUND 134:143 arg1 oligosaccharides 156:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 134:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 134:178 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 5 35 theme survivors 947:955 arg1 mothers 761:767 mothers 761:767 mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age 761:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 35 theme survivors 947:955 arg1 sample 930:935 a random sample 921:935 a random sample of 77 HEU survivors 921:955 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 35 theme survivors 947:955 arg1 mothers 855:861 mothers 855:861 mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66) 855:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 2 36 from OBJECTIVE 250:258 arg1 study 268:272 this study 263:272 this study 263:272 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 0 37 theme Oligosaccharide 0:14 arg1 composition 16:26 Oligosaccharide composition 0:26 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk 0:41 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk influences survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia. 25527660 7 38 theme after 1438:1442 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 38 theme after 1438:1442 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 39 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1201:1220 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 39 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1201:1220 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 4 40 theme HMO 715:717 arg1 content 719:725 HMO content 715:725 HMO content 715:725 Breast-milk samples collected at 1 mo postpartum were analyzed for HMO content. 25527660 6 41 from weaning 988:994 arg1 infants 1020:1026 HIV-infected and HEU infants 999:1026 HIV-infected and HEU infants 999:1026 Associations before and after weaning in HIV-infected and HEU infants separately were investigated by using Cox models. 25527660 5 42 theme children 789:796 arg1 mothers 761:767 mothers 761:767 mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age 761:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 42 theme children 789:796 arg1 sample 930:935 a random sample 921:935 a random sample of 77 HEU survivors 921:955 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 42 theme children 789:796 arg1 mothers 855:861 mothers 855:861 mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66) 855:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 7 43 theme [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 43 theme [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 1 44 contain have 180:183 arg2 functions 211:219 multiple immunomodulatory functions 185:219 multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health 185:247 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 1 44 contain have 180:183 arg1 oligosaccharides 156:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 134:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 134:178 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 1 44 contain have 180:183 arg1 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 0 45 theme milk 38:41 arg1 composition 16:26 Oligosaccharide composition 0:26 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk 0:41 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk influences survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia. 25527660 7 46 theme fucosylated 1161:1171 arg1 [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 46 theme fucosylated 1161:1171 arg1 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 3 47 from context 454:460 arg1 women 508:512 958 HIV-infected women 491:512 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 491:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 3 48 theme trial 482:486 arg1 context 454:460 the context 450:460 the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 450:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 5 49 theme = 910:910 arg1 n 908:908 n = 66 908:913 n = 66 908:913 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 49 theme = 910:910 arg1 age 903:905 age 903:905 age (n = 66) 903:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 3 50 theme early 468:472 arg1 trial 482:486 an early weaning trial 465:486 an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 465:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 1 51 theme child 236:240 arg1 health 242:247 child health 236:247 child health 236:247 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 5 52 theme <2 895:896 arg1 y 898:898 <2 y 895:898 <2 y of age (n = 66) 895:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 7 53 theme breast-milk 1122:1132 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 53 theme breast-milk 1122:1132 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 3 54 theme 143 630:632 arg1 children 638:645 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 609:645 children 638:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 7 55 theme higher 1106:1111 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 55 theme higher 1106:1111 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 56 theme fucosylated 1287:1297 arg1 II/III 1331:1336 LNFP II/III 1326:1336 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 56 theme fucosylated 1287:1297 arg1 HMOs 1299:1302 non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs 1274:1302 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during 1152:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 56 theme fucosylated 1287:1297 arg1 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 11 57 theme HMOs 1938:1941 arg1 consequences 1922:1933 the consequences 1918:1933 the consequences of HMOs on child survival 1918:1959 HIV infection may modulate some of the consequences of HMOs on child survival. 25527660 7 58 dep II/III 1331:1336 arg1 % 1351:1351 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13 1343:1360 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13 1343:1360 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 58 dep II/III 1331:1336 arg1 HR 1339:1340 HR 1339:1340 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 59 dep HR 1233:1234 arg1 % 1245:1245 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74 1237:1260 % 1245:1245 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 6 60 theme HEU 1016:1018 arg1 infants 1020:1026 HIV-infected and HEU infants 999:1026 HIV-infected and HEU infants 999:1026 Associations before and after weaning in HIV-infected and HEU infants separately were investigated by using Cox models. 25527660 8 61 from children 1552:1559 arg1 protective 1511:1520 protective 1511:1520 protective 1511:1520 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 11 62 theme child 1946:1950 arg1 survival 1952:1959 child survival 1946:1959 child survival 1946:1959 HIV infection may modulate some of the consequences of HMOs on child survival. 25527660 6 63 theme HIV-infected 999:1010 arg1 infants 1020:1026 HIV-infected and HEU infants 999:1026 HIV-infected and HEU infants 999:1026 Associations before and after weaning in HIV-infected and HEU infants separately were investigated by using Cox models. 25527660 1 64 theme immunomodulatory 194:209 arg1 functions 211:219 multiple immunomodulatory functions 185:219 multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health 185:247 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 7 65 theme reduced 1404:1410 arg1 mortality 1412:1420 reduced mortality 1404:1420 reduced mortality during 1404:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 5 66 theme random 923:928 arg1 sample 930:935 a random sample 921:935 a random sample of 77 HEU survivors 921:955 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 3 67 dep mortality 579:587 arg1 y 594:594 2 y 592:594 mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 579:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 3 67 dep mortality 579:587 arg1 to 589:590 to 589:590 to 589:590 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 11 68 from consequences 1922:1933 arg1 survival 1952:1959 child survival 1946:1959 child survival 1946:1959 HIV infection may modulate some of the consequences of HMOs on child survival. 25527660 3 69 theme case-cohort 555:565 arg1 analysis 567:574 a nested case-cohort analysis 546:574 a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 546:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 5 70 theme <2 842:843 arg1 y 845:845 <2 y 842:845 <2 y of age 842:852 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 10 71 theme breast 1804:1809 arg1 milk 1811:1814 breast milk 1804:1814 breast milk 1804:1814 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 7 72 theme 0.67 1363:1366 arg1 % 1351:1351 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13 1343:1360 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13 1343:1360 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 4 73 theme mo 683:684 arg1 postpartum 686:695 1 mo postpartum 681:695 1 mo postpartum 681:695 Breast-milk samples collected at 1 mo postpartum were analyzed for HMO content. 25527660 0 74 theme children 77:84 arg1 survival 54:61 survival 54:61 survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia 54:131 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk influences survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia. 25527660 8 75 theme high 1566:1569 arg1 concentrations 1571:1584 high concentrations 1566:1584 high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs 1566:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 1 76 theme Human 145:149 arg1 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 HMOs 174:177 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 1 76 theme Human 145:149 arg1 oligosaccharides 156:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 134:171 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 134:178 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have multiple immunomodulatory functions that influence child health. 25527660 7 77 gly fucosylated 1161:1171 arg1 [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 77 gly fucosylated 1161:1171 arg1 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 8 78 theme HMOs 1601:1604 arg1 concentrations 1571:1584 high concentrations 1566:1584 high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs 1566:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 5 79 theme HEU 870:872 arg1 children 874:881 all HEU children 866:881 all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66) 866:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 5 80 theme HEU 943:945 arg1 survivors 947:955 77 HEU survivors 940:955 77 HEU survivors 940:955 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 8 81 gly fucosylated 1589:1599 arg1 HMOs 1601:1604 fucosylated HMOs 1589:1604 fucosylated HMOs 1589:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 2 82 dep HIV-exposed 368:378 arg1 HEU 393:395 HEU 393:395 HEU 393:395 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 2 82 dep HIV-exposed 368:378 arg1 uninfected 381:390 uninfected 381:390 uninfected 381:390 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 0 83 theme breast 31:36 arg1 milk 38:41 breast milk 31:41 breast milk 31:41 Oligosaccharide composition of breast milk influences survival of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Lusaka, Zambia. 25527660 7 84 dep HMOs 1299:1302 arg1 II/III 1331:1336 LNFP II/III 1326:1336 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 84 dep HMOs 1299:1302 arg1 HMOs 1299:1302 non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs 1274:1302 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during 1152:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 84 dep HMOs 1299:1302 arg1 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 85 theme HMOs 1173:1176 arg1 [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 85 theme HMOs 1173:1176 arg1 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 9 86 theme HIV-infected 1613:1624 arg1 children 1626:1633 HIV-infected children 1613:1633 HIV-infected children 1613:1633 Among HIV-infected children, no consistent associations between HMOs and mortality were observed, but breastfeeding was protective against mortality. 25527660 10 87 dep CONCLUSIONS 1757:1767 arg1 explain 1820:1826 explain 1820:1826 may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children 1816:1880 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 10 88 from benefits 1840:1847 arg1 children 1873:1880 HEU children 1869:1880 HEU children 1869:1880 CONCLUSIONS The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk may explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding in HEU children. 25527660 5 89 theme age 903:905 arg1 y 898:898 <2 y 895:898 <2 y of age (n = 66) 895:914 Samples were selected to include mothers of all HIV-infected children detected by 6 wk of age, of whom 63 died at <2 y of age; mothers of all HEU children who died at <2 y of age (n = 66); and a random sample of 77 HEU survivors. 25527660 7 90 gly fucosylated 1287:1297 arg1 II/III 1331:1336 LNFP II/III 1326:1336 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 90 gly fucosylated 1287:1297 arg1 HMOs 1299:1302 non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs 1274:1302 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during 1152:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 90 gly fucosylated 1287:1297 arg1 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 3-fucosyllactose 1305:1320 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 91 theme 2-linked 1152:1159 arg1 [2'-fucosyllactose 1178:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose 1152:1195 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 91 theme 2-linked 1152:1159 arg1 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 HR 1233:1234 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 3 92 theme age 599:601 arg1 mortality 579:587 mortality 579:587 mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 579:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 3 93 dep METHODS 439:445 arg1 conducted 536:544 conducted 536:544 conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 536:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 9 94 theme consistent 1639:1648 arg1 associations 1650:1661 no consistent associations 1636:1661 no consistent associations between HMOs and mortality 1636:1688 Among HIV-infected children, no consistent associations between HMOs and mortality were observed, but breastfeeding was protective against mortality. 25527660 3 95 theme HEU 634:636 arg1 children 638:645 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children 609:645 children 638:645 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 2 96 theme age 344:346 arg1 survival 325:332 survival 325:332 survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 325:405 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 25527660 7 97 theme maternal 1113:1120 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations 1106:1147 higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after 1106:1442 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 97 theme maternal 1113:1120 arg1 children 1096:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 HEU children 1092:1103 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 3 98 theme weaning 474:480 arg1 trial 482:486 an early weaning trial 465:486 an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia 465:530 METHODS In the context of an early weaning trial in 958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, we conducted a nested case-cohort analysis of mortality to 2 y of age among 103 HIV-infected and 143 HEU children. 25527660 7 99 theme LNFP 1326:1329 arg1 II/III 1331:1336 LNFP II/III 1326:1336 LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67 1326:1366 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 7 99 theme LNFP 1326:1329 arg1 HMOs 1299:1302 non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs 1274:1302 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during 1152:1427 RESULTS Among HEU children, higher maternal breast-milk concentrations of 2-linked fucosylated HMOs [2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I] (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) as well as non-2-linked fucosylated HMOs (3-fucosyllactose and LNFP II/III; HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67) were significantly associated with reduced mortality during, but not after, breastfeeding after adjustment for confounders. 25527660 8 100 from protective 1511:1520 arg1 children 1552:1559 HEU children 1548:1559 HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs 1548:1604 Breastfeeding was protective against mortality only in HEU children with high concentrations of fucosylated HMOs. 25527660 2 101 theme HIV-exposed 368:378 arg1 children 398:405 HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 351:405 HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children 351:405 OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether HMO composition influences survival to 2 y of age in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children during and after breastfeeding. 29172753 6 0 theme release 1063:1069 arg1 kinetics 1071:1078 the in-vitro release kinetics 1050:1078 the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine 1050:1092 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 0 1 theme sodium 77:82 arg1 alginate 84:91 sodium alginate 77:91 sodium alginate 77:91 Design and characterization of calcium-free in-situ gel formulation based on sodium alginate and chitosan. 29172753 2 2 theme combined 332:339 arg1 effects 341:347 The combined effects 328:347 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release 328:497 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 6 3 theme concentration 1136:1148 arg1 association 1110:1120 the association 1106:1120 the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations 1106:1211 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 5 4 theme higher 945:950 arg1 time 970:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 1 5 theme oral 244:247 arg1 suspensions 249:259 oral suspensions 244:259 oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model 244:325 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 6 6 theme lowest 1129:1134 arg1 0.5 g/100 mL 1163:1174 0.5 g/100 mL 1163:1174 0.5 g/100 mL 1163:1174 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 6 6 theme lowest 1129:1134 arg1 concentration 1136:1148 the lowest concentration 1125:1148 the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) 1125:1175 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 8 7 theme delivery 1498:1505 arg1 system 1507:1512 a drug delivery system 1491:1512 a drug delivery system for sustained-release 1491:1534 Finally, calcium-free alginate-chitosan based on the in-situ gelation of suspensions is advantageous as a drug delivery system for sustained-release. 29172753 6 8 theme chitosan 1153:1160 arg1 0.5 g/100 mL 1163:1174 0.5 g/100 mL 1163:1174 0.5 g/100 mL 1163:1174 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 6 8 theme chitosan 1153:1160 arg1 concentration 1136:1148 the lowest concentration 1125:1148 the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) 1125:1175 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 5 9 theme gastric 952:958 arg1 time 970:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 1 10 theme suspensions 249:259 arg1 gelation 232:239 the in-situ gelation 220:239 the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model 220:325 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 8 11 theme drug 1493:1496 arg1 system 1507:1512 a drug delivery system 1491:1512 a drug delivery system for sustained-release 1491:1534 Finally, calcium-free alginate-chitosan based on the in-situ gelation of suspensions is advantageous as a drug delivery system for sustained-release. 29172753 2 12 theme rheological 405:415 arg1 characteristics 417:431 the rheological characteristics 401:431 the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions 401:460 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 4 13 theme storage 757:763 arg1 modulus 765:771 their storage modulus 751:771 their storage modulus 751:771 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 2 14 theme interactions 385:396 arg1 effects 341:347 The combined effects 328:347 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release 328:497 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 0 15 theme gel 52:54 arg1 formulation 56:66 calcium-free in-situ gel formulation 31:66 calcium-free in-situ gel formulation 31:66 Design and characterization of calcium-free in-situ gel formulation based on sodium alginate and chitosan. 29172753 4 16 theme alginate 813:820 arg1 concentration 822:834 alginate concentration 813:834 alginate concentration 813:834 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 2 17 from effects 341:347 arg1 kinetics 474:481 the kinetics 470:481 the kinetics of drug release 470:497 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 2 17 from effects 341:347 arg1 characteristics 417:431 the rheological characteristics 401:431 the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions 401:460 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 1 18 contain containing 261:270 arg2 Ranitidine 302:311 Ranitidine 302:311 Ranitidine 302:311 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 1 18 contain containing 261:270 arg2 alginate 289:296 sodium alginate 282:296 sodium alginate 282:296 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 1 18 contain containing 261:270 arg2 chitosan 272:279 chitosan 272:279 chitosan 272:279 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 1 18 contain containing 261:270 arg1 suspensions 249:259 oral suspensions 244:259 oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model 244:325 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 1 19 theme calcium-free 157:168 arg1 release 180:186 calcium-free sustained release 157:186 calcium-free sustained release 157:186 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 6 20 theme kinetics 1241:1248 arg1 profiles 1250:1257 sustained release kinetics profiles 1223:1257 sustained release kinetics profiles 1223:1257 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 4 21 theme obtained 720:727 arg1 gels 729:732 the obtained gels 716:732 the obtained gels 716:732 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 4 21 theme obtained 720:727 arg1 consistent 739:748 consistent 739:748 consistent 739:748 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 1 22 theme sustained 170:178 arg1 release 180:186 calcium-free sustained release 157:186 calcium-free sustained release 157:186 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 2 23 theme gels 441:444 arg1 characteristics 417:431 the rheological characteristics 401:431 the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions 401:460 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 6 24 theme release 1233:1239 arg1 profiles 1250:1257 sustained release kinetics profiles 1223:1257 sustained release kinetics profiles 1223:1257 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 3 25 theme Rheological 565:575 arg1 analysis 577:584 Rheological analysis 565:584 Rheological analysis 565:584 Rheological analysis showed that suspensions were potentially stable, with a viscosity increased by 1000 times compared to that of water. 29172753 2 26 theme concentrations 360:373 arg1 effects 341:347 The combined effects 328:347 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release 328:497 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 2 27 theme composite 533:541 arg1 design 557:562 a central composite face-centered design 523:562 a central composite face-centered design 523:562 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 4 28 from consistent 739:748 arg1 addition 706:713 addition 706:713 addition 706:713 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 5 29 contain have 938:941 arg2 time 970:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 5 29 contain have 938:941 arg1 gels 926:929 gels 926:929 gels 926:929 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 1 30 theme drug 188:191 arg1 systems 202:208 drug delivery systems 188:208 drug delivery systems 188:208 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 6 31 theme Ranitidine 1083:1092 arg1 kinetics 1071:1078 the in-vitro release kinetics 1050:1078 the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine 1050:1092 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 2 32 theme central 525:531 arg1 design 557:562 a central composite face-centered design 523:562 a central composite face-centered design 523:562 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 6 33 theme in-vitro 1054:1061 arg1 kinetics 1071:1078 the in-vitro release kinetics 1050:1078 the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine 1050:1092 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 7 34 theme Fickian 1368:1374 arg1 diffusion 1376:1384 Fickian diffusion 1368:1384 Fickian diffusion 1368:1384 The time corresponding to 63% of release was found close to 1.5 h, in which case the process is governed by Fickian diffusion. 29172753 1 35 theme delivery 193:200 arg1 systems 202:208 drug delivery systems 188:208 drug delivery systems 188:208 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 0 36 theme in-situ 44:50 arg1 formulation 56:66 calcium-free in-situ gel formulation 31:66 calcium-free in-situ gel formulation 31:66 Design and characterization of calcium-free in-situ gel formulation based on sodium alginate and chitosan. 29172753 1 37 theme sodium 282:287 arg1 alginate 289:296 sodium alginate 282:296 sodium alginate 282:296 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 6 38 theme sustained 1223:1231 arg1 profiles 1250:1257 sustained release kinetics profiles 1223:1257 sustained release kinetics profiles 1223:1257 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 0 39 theme calcium-free 31:42 arg1 formulation 56:66 calcium-free in-situ gel formulation 31:66 calcium-free in-situ gel formulation 31:66 Design and characterization of calcium-free in-situ gel formulation based on sodium alginate and chitosan. 29172753 5 40 theme standard 997:1004 arg1 emptying 1014:1021 the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h) 993:1033 the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h) 993:1033 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 2 41 theme release 491:497 arg1 kinetics 474:481 the kinetics 470:481 the kinetics of drug release 470:497 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 0 42 theme formulation 56:66 arg1 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 Design and characterization of calcium-free in-situ gel formulation based on sodium alginate and chitosan. 29172753 0 42 theme formulation 56:66 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design and characterization of calcium-free in-situ gel formulation based on sodium alginate and chitosan. 29172753 6 43 with association 1110:1120 arg1 concentrations 1198:1211 higher alginate concentrations 1182:1211 higher alginate concentrations 1182:1211 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 5 44 theme gastric 1006:1012 arg1 emptying 1014:1021 the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h) 993:1033 the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h) 993:1033 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 2 45 theme suspensions 450:460 arg1 characteristics 417:431 the rheological characteristics 401:431 the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions 401:460 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 6 46 theme alginate 1189:1196 arg1 concentrations 1198:1211 higher alginate concentrations 1182:1211 higher alginate concentrations 1182:1211 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 7 47 theme release 1293:1299 arg1 release 1293:1299 release 1293:1299 release 1293:1299 The time corresponding to 63% of release was found close to 1.5 h, in which case the process is governed by Fickian diffusion. 29172753 7 47 theme release 1293:1299 arg1 % 1288:1288 63% 1286:1288 63% of release 1286:1299 The time corresponding to 63% of release was found close to 1.5 h, in which case the process is governed by Fickian diffusion. 29172753 8 48 theme in-situ 1440:1446 arg1 gelation 1448:1455 the in-situ gelation 1436:1455 the in-situ gelation of suspensions 1436:1470 Finally, calcium-free alginate-chitosan based on the in-situ gelation of suspensions is advantageous as a drug delivery system for sustained-release. 29172753 6 49 theme higher 1182:1187 arg1 concentrations 1198:1211 higher alginate concentrations 1182:1211 higher alginate concentrations 1182:1211 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 4 50 from addition 706:713 arg1 gels 729:732 the obtained gels 716:732 the obtained gels 716:732 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 4 50 from addition 706:713 arg1 consistent 739:748 consistent 739:748 consistent 739:748 In addition, the obtained gels were consistent; their storage modulus could reach values close to 50 kPa when alginate concentration was greater than 7.5 g/100 mL and chitosan was fixed to 0.5 g/100 mL. 29172753 2 51 theme face-centered 543:555 arg1 design 557:562 a central composite face-centered design 523:562 a central composite face-centered design 523:562 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 8 52 theme suspensions 1460:1470 arg1 gelation 1448:1455 the in-situ gelation 1436:1455 the in-situ gelation of suspensions 1436:1470 Finally, calcium-free alginate-chitosan based on the in-situ gelation of suspensions is advantageous as a drug delivery system for sustained-release. 29172753 1 53 theme study 123:127 arg1 aim 111:113 The aim 107:113 The aim of this study 107:127 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 2 54 theme drug 486:489 arg1 release 491:497 drug release 486:497 drug release 486:497 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 5 55 theme residence 960:968 arg1 time 970:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 a higher gastric residence time 943:973 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 8 56 theme calcium-free 1396:1407 arg1 alginate-chitosan 1409:1425 calcium-free alginate-chitosan 1396:1425 calcium-free alginate-chitosan based on the in-situ gelation of suspensions 1396:1470 Finally, calcium-free alginate-chitosan based on the in-situ gelation of suspensions is advantageous as a drug delivery system for sustained-release. 29172753 2 57 theme polymer 352:358 arg1 concentrations 360:373 polymer concentrations 352:373 polymer concentrations 352:373 The combined effects of polymer concentrations and their interactions on the rheological characteristics of both gels and suspensions and, on the kinetics of drug release were evaluated by using a central composite face-centered design. 29172753 5 58 dep emptying 1014:1021 arg1 ∼2 h 1029:1032 ∼2 h 1029:1032 ∼2 h 1029:1032 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 5 58 dep emptying 1014:1021 arg1 time 1023:1026 time 1023:1026 the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h) 993:1033 In these conditions gels should have a higher gastric residence time, in comparison to the standard gastric emptying time (∼2 h). 29172753 1 59 theme drug 316:319 arg1 model 321:325 drug model 316:325 drug model 316:325 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 29172753 6 60 theme kinetics 1071:1078 arg1 Evaluation 1036:1045 Evaluation 1036:1045 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine 1036:1092 Evaluation of the in-vitro release kinetics of Ranitidine showed that the association of the lowest concentration of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) with higher alginate concentrations generates sustained release kinetics profiles. 29172753 1 61 theme in-situ 224:230 arg1 gelation 232:239 the in-situ gelation 220:239 the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model 220:325 The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate calcium-free sustained release drug delivery systems, based on the in-situ gelation of oral suspensions containing chitosan, sodium alginate and Ranitidine as drug model. 25221936 7 0 theme chondroitin 1083:1093 arg1 sulfate 1095:1101 chondroitin sulfate 1083:1101 chondroitin sulfate 1083:1101 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 6 1 theme sample 689:694 arg1 part 676:679 One part 672:679 One part of each sample 672:694 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 4 2 theme human 562:566 arg1 milk 568:571 preterm human milk 554:571 preterm human milk 554:571 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 4 3 theme Holder 490:495 arg1 pasteurisation 497:510 Holder pasteurisation 490:510 Holder pasteurisation 490:510 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 7 4 theme sulfate 1095:1101 arg1 samples 1027:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples 999:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content 999:1056 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 4 theme sulfate 1095:1101 arg1 parameters 1133:1142 main parameters 1128:1142 main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure 1128:1184 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 4 theme sulfate 1095:1101 arg1 percentages 1068:1078 relative percentages 1059:1078 relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate 1059:1121 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 5 5 theme METHODS 574:580 arg1 samples 587:593 METHODS Milk samples 574:593 METHODS Milk samples collected from 9 mothers having delivered preterm 574:643 METHODS Milk samples collected from 9 mothers having delivered preterm were divided into 2 parts. 25221936 4 6 theme preterm 554:560 arg1 milk 568:571 preterm human milk 554:571 preterm human milk 554:571 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 46:63 human milk glycosaminoglycans 35:63 human milk glycosaminoglycans 35:63 Effect of holder pasteurisation on human milk glycosaminoglycans. 25221936 4 8 from effect 480:485 arg1 concentration 519:531 the concentration 515:531 the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk 515:571 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 5 9 theme Milk 582:585 arg1 samples 587:593 METHODS Milk samples 574:593 METHODS Milk samples collected from 9 mothers having delivered preterm 574:643 METHODS Milk samples collected from 9 mothers having delivered preterm were divided into 2 parts. 25221936 6 10 theme GAGs 934:937 arg1 GAGs 934:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 6 10 theme GAGs 934:937 arg1 composition 888:898 composition 888:898 composition 888:898 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 6 10 theme GAGs 934:937 arg1 structure 905:913 structure 905:913 structure 905:913 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 6 10 theme GAGs 934:937 arg1 amount 880:885 amount 880:885 amount 880:885 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 7 11 theme sulfate 1115:1121 arg1 samples 1027:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples 999:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content 999:1056 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 11 theme sulfate 1115:1121 arg1 parameters 1133:1142 main parameters 1128:1142 main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure 1128:1184 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 11 theme sulfate 1115:1121 arg1 percentages 1068:1078 relative percentages 1059:1078 relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate 1059:1121 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 6 12 theme milk 929:932 arg1 GAGs 934:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 4 13 theme study 454:458 arg1 aim 442:444 The aim 438:444 The aim of this study 438:458 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 8 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1276:1286 arg1 indicate 1300:1307 indicate 1300:1307 indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs 1300:1416 CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs. 25221936 1 15 theme nutritional 153:163 arg1 characteristics 165:179 its nutritional characteristics 149:179 its nutritional characteristics 149:179 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 7 16 theme galactosaminoglycans 1155:1174 arg1 structure 1176:1184 galactosaminoglycans structure 1155:1184 galactosaminoglycans structure 1155:1184 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 4 17 from concentration 519:531 arg1 milk 568:571 preterm human milk 554:571 preterm human milk 554:571 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 7 18 theme related 1144:1150 arg1 parameters 1133:1142 main parameters 1128:1142 main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure 1128:1184 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 1 19 theme characteristics 165:179 arg1 result 139:144 the result 135:144 the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds 135:229 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 1 19 theme characteristics 165:179 arg1 OBJECTIVES 66:75 OBJECTIVES 66:75 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants 66:122 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 6 20 theme analytical 829:838 arg1 procedures 840:849 -80°C. Specific analytical procedures 813:849 -80°C. Specific analytical procedures 813:849 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 7 21 theme GAGs 1045:1048 arg1 content 1050:1056 total GAGs content 1039:1056 total GAGs content 1039:1056 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 6 22 theme human 923:927 arg1 GAGs 934:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 3 23 theme important 403:411 arg1 alternative 425:435 an important nutritional alternative 400:435 an important nutritional alternative 400:435 When mother's milk is unavailable or in short supply, pasteurised donor milk represents an important nutritional alternative. 25221936 3 24 theme pasteurised 366:376 arg1 milk 384:387 pasteurised donor milk 366:387 pasteurised donor milk 366:387 When mother's milk is unavailable or in short supply, pasteurised donor milk represents an important nutritional alternative. 25221936 4 25 theme different 536:544 arg1 GAGs 546:549 different GAGs 536:549 different GAGs 536:549 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 1 26 theme human 93:97 arg1 milk 99:102 human milk 93:102 human milk 93:102 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 3 27 theme nutritional 413:423 arg1 alternative 425:435 an important nutritional alternative 400:435 an important nutritional alternative 400:435 When mother's milk is unavailable or in short supply, pasteurised donor milk represents an important nutritional alternative. 25221936 3 28 theme short 352:356 arg1 supply 358:363 short supply 352:363 short supply 352:363 When mother's milk is unavailable or in short supply, pasteurised donor milk represents an important nutritional alternative. 25221936 6 29 theme main 918:921 arg1 GAGs 934:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 main human milk GAGs 918:937 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 2 30 theme leading 298:304 arg1 role 306:309 an emerging leading role 286:309 an emerging leading role 286:309 Among these compounds, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an emerging leading role. 25221936 1 31 theme presence 189:196 arg1 result 139:144 the result 135:144 the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds 135:229 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 1 31 theme presence 189:196 arg1 OBJECTIVES 66:75 OBJECTIVES 66:75 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants 66:122 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 0 32 theme holder 10:15 arg1 pasteurisation 17:30 holder pasteurisation 10:30 holder pasteurisation 10:30 Effect of holder pasteurisation on human milk glycosaminoglycans. 25221936 7 33 theme total 1039:1043 arg1 content 1050:1056 total GAGs content 1039:1056 total GAGs content 1039:1056 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 6 34 theme Specific 820:827 arg1 procedures 840:849 -80°C. Specific analytical procedures 813:849 -80°C. Specific analytical procedures 813:849 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 2 35 theme emerging 289:296 arg1 role 306:309 an emerging leading role 286:309 an emerging leading role 286:309 Among these compounds, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an emerging leading role. 25221936 7 36 theme treated 1259:1265 arg1 samples 1267:1273 treated samples 1259:1273 treated samples 1259:1273 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 0 37 theme human 35:39 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 46:63 human milk glycosaminoglycans 35:63 human milk glycosaminoglycans 35:63 Effect of holder pasteurisation on human milk glycosaminoglycans. 25221936 4 38 theme GAGs 546:549 arg1 concentration 519:531 the concentration 515:531 the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk 515:571 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 7 39 theme pasteurised 1015:1025 arg1 samples 1027:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples 999:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content 999:1056 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 6 40 theme -80°C. 813:818 arg1 procedures 840:849 -80°C. Specific analytical procedures 813:849 -80°C. Specific analytical procedures 813:849 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 7 41 dep RESULTS 940:946 arg1 measured 982:989 measured 982:989 measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure 982:1184 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 42 located observed 1247:1254 arg2 decrease 1204:1211 a slight decrease 1195:1211 a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% 1195:1241 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 42 located observed 1247:1254 arg1 samples 1267:1273 treated samples 1259:1273 treated samples 1259:1273 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 0 43 theme pasteurisation 17:30 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of holder pasteurisation on human milk glycosaminoglycans. 0:64 Effect of holder pasteurisation on human milk glycosaminoglycans. 25221936 1 44 theme active 214:219 arg1 compounds 221:229 biologically active compounds 201:229 biologically active compounds 201:229 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 3 45 theme donor 378:382 arg1 milk 384:387 pasteurised donor milk 366:387 pasteurised donor milk 366:387 When mother's milk is unavailable or in short supply, pasteurised donor milk represents an important nutritional alternative. 25221936 4 46 theme pasteurisation 497:510 arg1 effect 480:485 the effect 476:485 the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk 476:571 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Holder pasteurisation on the concentration of different GAGs in preterm human milk. 25221936 7 47 theme not-treated 999:1009 arg1 samples 1027:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples 999:1033 not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content 999:1056 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 48 theme slight 1197:1202 arg1 decrease 1204:1211 a slight decrease 1195:1211 a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% 1195:1241 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 8 49 theme Holder 1318:1323 arg1 pasteurisation 1325:1338 the Holder pasteurisation 1314:1338 the Holder pasteurisation 1314:1338 CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs. 25221936 1 50 theme preterm 108:114 arg1 infants 116:122 preterm infants 108:122 preterm infants 108:122 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 0 51 theme milk 41:44 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 46:63 human milk glycosaminoglycans 35:63 human milk glycosaminoglycans 35:63 Effect of holder pasteurisation on human milk glycosaminoglycans. 25221936 7 52 theme relative 1059:1066 arg1 percentages 1068:1078 relative percentages 1059:1078 relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate 1059:1121 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 53 theme % 1241:1241 arg1 content 1227:1233 total GAGs content 1216:1233 total GAGs content of ∼18% 1216:1241 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 8 54 theme milk 1408:1411 arg1 GAGs 1413:1416 the main human milk GAGs 1393:1416 the main human milk GAGs 1393:1416 CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs. 25221936 8 55 theme main 1397:1400 arg1 GAGs 1413:1416 the main human milk GAGs 1393:1416 the main human milk GAGs 1393:1416 CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs. 25221936 7 56 theme heparan 1107:1113 arg1 sulfate 1115:1121 heparan sulfate 1107:1121 heparan sulfate 1107:1121 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 57 theme significative 951:963 arg1 differences 965:975 No significative differences 948:975 No significative differences 948:975 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 58 theme content 1227:1233 arg1 decrease 1204:1211 a slight decrease 1195:1211 a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% 1195:1241 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 1 59 theme milk 99:102 arg1 benefits 81:88 The benefits 77:88 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants 66:122 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 1 60 theme compounds 221:229 arg1 characteristics 165:179 its nutritional characteristics 149:179 its nutritional characteristics 149:179 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 1 60 theme compounds 221:229 arg1 presence 189:196 the presence 185:196 the presence of biologically active compounds 185:229 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 8 61 theme GAGs 1413:1416 arg1 concentration 1376:1388 the concentration 1372:1388 the concentration of the main human milk GAGs 1372:1416 CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs. 25221936 1 62 dep OBJECTIVES 66:75 arg1 benefits 81:88 The benefits 77:88 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants 66:122 OBJECTIVES The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are mainly the result of its nutritional characteristics and the presence of biologically active compounds. 25221936 6 63 dep frozen 712:717 arg1 -80°C 720:724 -80°C 720:724 -80°C 720:724 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 6 64 theme Holder 776:781 arg1 method 783:788 the Holder method 772:788 the Holder method 772:788 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 8 65 theme human 1402:1406 arg1 GAGs 1413:1416 the main human milk GAGs 1393:1416 the main human milk GAGs 1393:1416 CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the Holder pasteurisation does not significatively affect the concentration of the main human milk GAGs. 25221936 7 66 theme total 1216:1220 arg1 content 1227:1233 total GAGs content 1216:1233 total GAGs content of ∼18% 1216:1241 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 6 67 theme other 740:744 arg1 part 746:749 the other part 736:749 the other part 736:749 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 6 68 dep amount 880:885 arg1 the 876:878 the 876:878 the 876:878 One part of each sample was immediately frozen (-80°C), whereas the other part was pasteurised with the Holder method before being frozen at -80°C. Specific analytical procedures were applied to evaluate the amount, composition, and structure of main human milk GAGs. 25221936 7 69 theme main 1128:1131 arg1 parameters 1133:1142 main parameters 1128:1142 main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure 1128:1184 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 25221936 7 70 theme GAGs 1222:1225 arg1 content 1227:1233 total GAGs content 1216:1233 total GAGs content of ∼18% 1216:1241 RESULTS No significative differences were measured between not-treated and pasteurised samples for total GAGs content, relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and main parameters related to galactosaminoglycans structure, even if a slight decrease of total GAGs content of ∼18% was observed in treated samples. 24906740 4 0 link linked 495:500 arg1 branch 502:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch 484:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position 484:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 6 1 theme Aβ42 744:747 arg1 aggregation 749:759 Aβ42 aggregation 744:759 Aβ42 aggregation 744:759 We showed that polysaccharide LJW0F2 could inhibit Aβ42 aggregation in a dose-dependent-manner. 24906740 8 2 from toxicity 1055:1062 arg1 cells 1075:1079 SH-SY5Y cells 1067:1079 SH-SY5Y cells 1067:1079 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 8 3 theme exogenous 963:971 arg1 polysaccharide 987:1000 the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide 959:1000 the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide 959:1000 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 4 4 theme methylation 371:381 arg1 analysis 383:390 methylation analysis 371:390 methylation analysis 371:390 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 8 5 link plant-derived 973:985 arg1 polysaccharide 987:1000 the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide 959:1000 the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide 959:1000 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 4 6 theme C-6 525:527 arg1 position 529:536 the C-6 position 521:536 the C-6 position 521:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 5 7 theme atomic 662:667 arg1 AFM 687:689 AFM 687:689 AFM 687:689 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 7 theme atomic 662:667 arg1 microscopy 675:684 atomic force microscopy 662:684 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 662:690 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 8 theme fluorescence 597:608 arg1 analysis 624:631 fluorescence spectroscopic analysis 597:631 fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) 597:690 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 8 9 theme SH-SY5Y 1067:1073 arg1 cells 1075:1079 SH-SY5Y cells 1067:1079 SH-SY5Y cells 1067:1079 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 3 10 theme japonica 311:318 arg1 Thunb 320:324 Lonicera japonica Thunb 302:324 Lonicera japonica Thunb 302:324 Here, a glucan named as LJW0F2 was purified from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 24906740 5 11 theme inhibitory 543:552 arg1 effect 554:559 Its inhibitory effect 539:559 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation 539:579 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 3 12 theme Thunb 320:324 arg1 flowers 291:297 flowers 291:297 flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb 291:324 Here, a glucan named as LJW0F2 was purified from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 24906740 4 13 theme α-D- 462:465 arg1 polysaccharide 423:436 this polysaccharide 418:436 this polysaccharide 418:436 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 4 13 theme α-D- 462:465 arg1 1→4 467:469 1→4 467:469 1→4 467:469 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 4 13 theme α-D- 462:465 arg1 -glucan 471:477 an α-D-(1→4)-glucan 459:477 an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position 459:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 8 14 theme plant-derived 973:985 arg1 polysaccharide 987:1000 the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide 959:1000 the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide 959:1000 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 4 15 theme composition 349:359 arg1 analysis 361:368 monosaccharides composition analysis 333:368 monosaccharides composition analysis 333:368 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 5 16 theme force 669:673 arg1 AFM 687:689 AFM 687:689 AFM 687:689 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 16 theme force 669:673 arg1 microscopy 675:684 atomic force microscopy 662:684 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 662:690 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 2 17 theme aggregation 124:134 arg1 attenuation 140:150 attenuation 140:150 attenuation of its cytotoxicity 140:170 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation and attenuation of its cytotoxicity are considered to valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 24906740 2 17 theme aggregation 124:134 arg1 Inhibition 107:116 Inhibition 107:116 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation 107:134 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation and attenuation of its cytotoxicity are considered to valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 24906740 5 18 theme Aβ42 564:567 arg1 aggregation 569:579 Aβ42 aggregation 564:579 Aβ42 aggregation 564:579 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 4 19 theme monosaccharides 333:347 arg1 analysis 361:368 monosaccharides composition analysis 333:368 monosaccharides composition analysis 333:368 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 8 20 theme first 941:945 arg1 report 947:952 the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells 937:1079 the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells 937:1079 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 8 20 theme first 941:945 arg1 this 928:931 this 928:931 this 928:931 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 5 21 with analysis 624:631 arg1 AFM 687:689 AFM 687:689 AFM 687:689 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 21 with analysis 624:631 arg1 microscopy 675:684 atomic force microscopy 662:684 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 662:690 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 21 with analysis 624:631 arg1 ThT 653:655 ThT 653:655 ThT 653:655 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 21 with analysis 624:631 arg1 T 650:650 thioflavine T 638:650 thioflavine T (ThT) 638:656 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 7 22 theme SH-SY5Y 869:875 arg1 cells 891:895 SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells 869:895 SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells 869:895 Besides, LJW0F2 could attenuate the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ42 aggregation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. 24906740 5 23 from effect 554:559 arg1 aggregation 569:579 Aβ42 aggregation 564:579 Aβ42 aggregation 564:579 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 8 24 theme Aβ42 1014:1017 arg1 aggregation 1019:1029 Aβ42 aggregation 1014:1029 Aβ42 aggregation 1014:1029 To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the exogenous plant-derived polysaccharide might block Aβ42 aggregation directly and reduce its toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 24906740 1 25 theme Aβ42 101:104 arg1 neurotoxicity 84:96 neurotoxicity 84:96 neurotoxicity 84:96 inhibits aggregation and neurotoxicity of Aβ42. 24906740 1 25 theme Aβ42 101:104 arg1 aggregation 68:78 aggregation 68:78 aggregation 68:78 inhibits aggregation and neurotoxicity of Aβ42. 24906740 4 26 theme linked 495:500 arg1 branch 502:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch 484:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position 484:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 2 27 theme cytotoxicity 159:170 arg1 attenuation 140:150 attenuation 140:150 attenuation of its cytotoxicity 140:170 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation and attenuation of its cytotoxicity are considered to valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 24906740 2 27 theme cytotoxicity 159:170 arg1 Inhibition 107:116 Inhibition 107:116 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation 107:134 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation and attenuation of its cytotoxicity are considered to valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 24906740 0 28 theme japonica 43:50 arg1 Thunb 52:56 Lonicera japonica Thunb 34:56 Lonicera japonica Thunb 34:56 A glucan isolated from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 24906740 5 29 theme spectroscopic 610:622 arg1 analysis 624:631 fluorescence spectroscopic analysis 597:631 fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) 597:690 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 0 30 theme Thunb 52:56 arg1 flowers 23:29 flowers 23:29 flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb 23:56 A glucan isolated from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 24906740 4 31 with -glucan 471:477 arg1 branch 502:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch 484:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position 484:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 0 32 theme Lonicera 34:41 arg1 Thunb 52:56 Lonicera japonica Thunb 34:56 Lonicera japonica Thunb 34:56 A glucan isolated from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 24906740 4 33 theme NMR 400:402 arg1 spectroscopy 404:415 NMR spectroscopy 400:415 NMR spectroscopy 400:415 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 7 34 theme neuroblastoma 877:889 arg1 cells 891:895 SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells 869:895 SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells 869:895 Besides, LJW0F2 could attenuate the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ42 aggregation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. 24906740 7 35 theme Aβ42 849:852 arg1 aggregation 854:864 Aβ42 aggregation 849:864 Aβ42 aggregation 849:864 Besides, LJW0F2 could attenuate the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ42 aggregation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. 24906740 6 36 theme polysaccharide 708:721 arg1 LJW0F2 723:728 polysaccharide LJW0F2 708:728 polysaccharide LJW0F2 708:728 We showed that polysaccharide LJW0F2 could inhibit Aβ42 aggregation in a dose-dependent-manner. 24906740 4 37 attach attached 509:516 arg2 branch 502:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch 484:507 an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position 484:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 4 37 attach attached 509:516 arg1 position 529:536 the C-6 position 521:536 the C-6 position 521:536 Using monosaccharides composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, this polysaccharide was elucidated to be an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with an α-(1→4) linked branch attached to the C-6 position. 24906740 5 38 theme thioflavine 638:648 arg1 ThT 653:655 ThT 653:655 ThT 653:655 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 5 38 theme thioflavine 638:648 arg1 T 650:650 thioflavine T 638:650 thioflavine T (ThT) 638:656 Its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavine T (ThT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24906740 2 39 theme valuable 190:197 arg1 therapeutics 199:210 valuable therapeutics 190:210 valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) 190:239 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation and attenuation of its cytotoxicity are considered to valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 24906740 3 40 theme Lonicera 302:309 arg1 Thunb 320:324 Lonicera japonica Thunb 302:324 Lonicera japonica Thunb 302:324 Here, a glucan named as LJW0F2 was purified from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. 24906740 2 41 theme Aβ 121:122 arg1 aggregation 124:134 Aβ aggregation 121:134 Aβ aggregation 121:134 Inhibition of Aβ aggregation and attenuation of its cytotoxicity are considered to valuable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 24833429 0 0 theme RAFT 105:108 arg1 polymerization 110:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 24833429 0 1 from cellulose-graft-copolymers 23:48 arg1 polymerization 110:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 24833429 2 2 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 397:423 arg1 BMIMCl 435:440 BMIMCl 435:440 BMIMCl 435:440 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 2 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 397:423 arg1 chloride 425:432 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 397:432 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) 397:441 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 3 3 theme size 930:933 arg1 chromatography 945:958 size exclusion chromatography 930:958 size exclusion chromatography 930:958 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 4 theme magnetic 859:866 arg1 resonance 868:876 nuclear magnetic resonance 851:876 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 851:889 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 4 5 theme molecular 1044:1052 arg1 Mn 1063:1064 Mn 1063:1064 Mn 1063:1064 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 5 theme molecular 1044:1052 arg1 weights 1054:1060 The number-average molecular weights 1025:1060 The number-average molecular weights 1025:1060 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 3 6 theme resonance 868:876 arg1 spectroscopy 878:889 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 851:889 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 851:889 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 2 7 theme ≈ 350:350 arg1 degree 320:325 degree 320:325 degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 320:354 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 4 8 theme cleaved 1074:1080 arg1 polymers 1082:1089 the cleaved polymers 1070:1089 the cleaved polymers 1070:1089 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 9 theme = 1209:1209 arg1 Đ 1207:1207 Đ = 1.7-2.1 1207:1217 Đ = 1.7-2.1 1207:1217 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 9 theme = 1209:1209 arg1 PNIPAM 1199:1204 PNIPAM 1199:1204 PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1) 1199:1218 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 2 10 theme Cl 346:347 arg1 ≈ 350:350 substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 330:354 substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 330:354 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 3 11 theme nuclear 851:857 arg1 resonance 868:876 nuclear magnetic resonance 851:876 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 851:889 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 12 theme polymerization 745:758 arg1 kinetics 760:767 the polymerization kinetics 741:767 the polymerization kinetics 741:767 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 5 13 theme hybrid 1391:1396 arg1 materials 1398:1406 the hybrid materials 1387:1406 the hybrid materials 1387:1406 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 4 14 theme dispersity 1138:1147 arg1 PDEAAm 1130:1135 PDEAAm 1130:1135 PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) 1130:1160 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 14 theme dispersity 1138:1147 arg1 Đ 1149:1149 dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8 1138:1159 dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8 1138:1159 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 1 15 theme reversible 229:238 arg1 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 1 15 theme reversible 229:238 arg1 polymerization 278:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 229:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) 229:298 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 2 16 theme DS 343:344 arg1 ≈ 350:350 substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 330:354 substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 330:354 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 3 17 theme exclusion 935:943 arg1 chromatography 945:958 size exclusion chromatography 930:958 size exclusion chromatography 930:958 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 1 18 theme addition-fragmentation 240:261 arg1 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 1 18 theme addition-fragmentation 240:261 arg1 polymerization 278:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 229:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) 229:298 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 0 19 theme responsive 12:21 arg1 cellulose-graft-copolymers 23:48 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers 0:48 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 0:124 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 24833429 4 20 theme number-average 1029:1042 arg1 Mn 1063:1064 Mn 1063:1064 Mn 1063:1064 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 20 theme number-average 1029:1042 arg1 weights 1054:1060 The number-average molecular weights 1025:1060 The number-average molecular weights 1025:1060 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 21 theme = 1151:1151 arg1 PDEAAm 1130:1135 PDEAAm 1130:1135 PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) 1130:1160 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 21 theme = 1151:1151 arg1 Đ 1149:1149 dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8 1138:1159 dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8 1138:1159 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 1 22 theme chain 263:267 arg1 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 1 22 theme chain 263:267 arg1 polymerization 278:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 229:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) 229:298 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 4 23 dep mol 1118:1120 arg1 to 1108:1109 to 1108:1109 to 1108:1109 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 5 24 theme cellulose-graft-copolymers 1246:1271 arg1 behavior 1230:1237 The LCST behavior 1221:1237 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers 1221:1271 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 1 25 theme transfer 269:276 arg1 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 RAFT 294:297 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 1 25 theme transfer 269:276 arg1 polymerization 278:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization 229:291 reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) 229:298 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 2 26 theme trithiocarbonate 484:499 arg1 moiety 501:506 a trithiocarbonate moiety 482:506 a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) 482:573 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 3 27 theme molecular 774:782 arg1 characteristics 791:805 the molecular weight characteristics 770:805 the molecular weight characteristics 770:805 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 5 28 theme materials 1398:1406 arg1 tuned 1424:1428 tuned 1424:1428 tuned 1424:1428 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 5 28 theme materials 1398:1406 arg1 properties 1373:1382 the thermoresponsive properties 1352:1382 the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials 1352:1406 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 1 29 theme Well-defined 126:137 arg1 copolymers 170:179 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers 126:179 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers 126:179 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 4 30 theme polymers 1082:1089 arg1 Mn 1063:1064 Mn 1063:1064 Mn 1063:1064 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 30 theme polymers 1082:1089 arg1 weights 1054:1060 The number-average molecular weights 1025:1060 The number-average molecular weights 1025:1060 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 2 31 theme 0.26 592:595 arg1 DS 580:581 DS 580:581 DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41 580:604 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 31 theme 0.26 592:595 arg1 RAFT 583:586 RAFT 583:586 RAFT 583:586 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 1 32 theme cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide 139:168 arg1 copolymers 170:179 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers 126:179 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers 126:179 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 24833429 3 33 theme polyacrylamides 967:981 arg1 spectroscopy 878:889 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 851:889 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 851:889 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 33 theme polyacrylamides 967:981 arg1 chromatography 945:958 size exclusion chromatography 930:958 size exclusion chromatography 930:958 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 33 theme polyacrylamides 967:981 arg1 spectroscopy 912:923 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 892:923 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 892:923 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 2 34 theme transfer 543:550 arg1 cellulose-CTA 560:572 cellulose-CTA 560:572 cellulose-CTA 560:572 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 34 theme transfer 543:550 arg1 agents 552:557 cellulose macro-chain transfer agents 521:557 cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) 521:573 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 5 35 theme PNIPAM 1491:1496 arg1 chains 1503:1508 PNIPAM side chains 1491:1508 PNIPAM side chains 1491:1508 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 3 36 from chains 1017:1022 arg1 cleavage 989:996 cleavage 989:996 cleavage from the cellulose chains 989:1022 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 2 37 dep moiety 312:317 arg1 degree 320:325 degree 320:325 degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 320:354 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 0 38 theme cellulose 54:62 arg1 functionalization 64:80 cellulose functionalization 54:80 cellulose functionalization 54:80 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 24833429 2 39 theme macro-chain 531:541 arg1 cellulose-CTA 560:572 cellulose-CTA 560:572 cellulose-CTA 560:572 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 39 theme macro-chain 531:541 arg1 agents 552:557 cellulose macro-chain transfer agents 521:557 cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) 521:573 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 40 theme chlorine 303:310 arg1 moiety 312:317 A chlorine moiety 301:317 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) 301:355 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 41 theme cellulose 521:529 arg1 cellulose-CTA 560:572 cellulose-CTA 560:572 cellulose-CTA 560:572 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 41 theme cellulose 521:529 arg1 agents 552:557 cellulose macro-chain transfer agents 521:557 cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) 521:573 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 4 42 theme g 1184:1184 arg1 -1 1191:1192 -1 1191:1192 -1 1191:1192 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 42 theme g 1184:1184 arg1 mol 1186:1188 2600 g mol 1179:1188 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1) 1179:1218 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 3 43 theme weight 784:789 arg1 characteristics 791:805 the molecular weight characteristics 770:805 the molecular weight characteristics 770:805 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 5 44 theme LCST 1225:1228 arg1 behavior 1230:1237 The LCST behavior 1221:1237 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers 1221:1271 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 5 45 theme thermoresponsive 1356:1371 arg1 tuned 1424:1428 tuned 1424:1428 tuned 1424:1428 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 5 45 theme thermoresponsive 1356:1371 arg1 properties 1373:1382 the thermoresponsive properties 1352:1382 the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials 1352:1406 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 3 46 theme X-ray 892:896 arg1 spectroscopy 912:923 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 892:923 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 892:923 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 2 47 theme substitution 330:341 arg1 ≈ 350:350 substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 330:354 substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0 330:354 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 3 48 theme cellulose 1007:1015 arg1 chains 1017:1022 the cellulose chains 1003:1022 the cellulose chains 1003:1022 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 49 dep Poly 607:610 arg1 N-diethylacrylamide 614:632 N-diethylacrylamide 614:632 N-diethylacrylamide 614:632 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 49 dep Poly 607:610 arg1 N 612:612 N 612:612 N 612:612 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 3 50 theme photoelectron 898:910 arg1 spectroscopy 912:923 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 892:923 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 892:923 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 2 51 theme 0.41 601:604 arg1 DS 580:581 DS 580:581 DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41 580:604 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 2 51 theme 0.41 601:604 arg1 RAFT 583:586 RAFT 583:586 RAFT 583:586 A chlorine moiety (degree of substitution DS(Cl) ≈ 1.0) was introduced into the cellulose using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as solvent before being substituted by a trithiocarbonate moiety resulting in cellulose macro-chain transfer agents (cellulose-CTA) with DS(RAFT) of 0.26 and 0.41. 24833429 5 52 theme point 1316:1320 arg1 temperatures 1322:1333 cloud point temperatures 1310:1333 cloud point temperatures 1310:1333 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 5 53 theme side 1498:1501 arg1 chains 1503:1508 PNIPAM side chains 1491:1508 PNIPAM side chains 1491:1508 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 5 54 theme cloud 1310:1314 arg1 temperatures 1322:1333 cloud point temperatures 1310:1333 cloud point temperatures 1310:1333 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 0 55 theme liquid 94:99 arg1 polymerization 110:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 24833429 5 56 theme temperatures 1322:1333 arg1 determination 1293:1305 the determination 1289:1305 the determination of cloud point temperatures 1289:1333 The LCST behavior of the cellulose-graft-copolymers was studied via the determination of cloud point temperatures, evidencing that the thermoresponsive properties of the hybrid materials could be finely tuned between 18 and 26 °C for PDEAAm and between 22 and 26 °C for PNIPAM side chains. 24833429 4 57 theme g 1116:1116 arg1 mol 1118:1120 1100 to 1600 g mol 1103:1120 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) 1103:1160 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 4 57 theme g 1116:1116 arg1 -1 1122:1123 -1 1122:1123 -1 1122:1123 The number-average molecular weights, Mn, of the cleaved polymers ranged from 1100 to 1600 g mol(-1) for PDEAAm (dispersity Đ = 1.4-1.8) and from 1200 to 2600 g mol (-1) for PNIPAM (Đ = 1.7-2.1). 24833429 3 58 theme product 815:821 arg1 composition 823:833 the product composition 811:833 the product composition 811:833 Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were subsequently grafted from these cellulose-CTAs and the polymerization kinetics, the molecular weight characteristics and the product composition were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography of the polyacrylamides after cleavage from the cellulose chains. 24833429 0 59 theme ionic 88:92 arg1 polymerization 110:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization 85:123 Temperature responsive cellulose-graft-copolymers via cellulose functionalization in an ionic liquid and RAFT polymerization. 24833429 1 60 theme grafting-from 203:215 arg1 approach 217:224 a grafting-from approach 201:224 a grafting-from approach 201:224 Well-defined cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers were synthesized in a grafting-from approach by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). 27522424 2 0 theme ruminal 564:570 arg1 conditions 572:581 ruminal conditions 564:581 ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA 564:623 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 3 1 theme tank 846:849 arg1 milk 851:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 8 2 theme lower 1240:1244 arg1 density 1265:1271 lower freestall stocking density 1240:1271 lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) 1240:1284 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 8 2 theme lower 1240:1244 arg1 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 1 3 theme composition 240:250 arg1 relationship 172:183 the relationship 168:183 the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 168:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 8 4 contain had 1236:1238 arg2 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 8 4 contain had 1236:1238 arg1 farms 1230:1234 The HDN farms 1222:1234 The HDN farms 1222:1234 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 8 4 contain had 1236:1238 arg2 density 1265:1271 lower freestall stocking density 1240:1271 lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) 1240:1284 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 12 5 from yields 1814:1819 arg1 farms 1841:1845 commercial dairy farms 1824:1845 commercial dairy farms 1824:1845 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 12 6 theme de 1755:1756 arg1 synthesis 1766:1774 de novo FA synthesis 1755:1774 de novo FA synthesis 1755:1774 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 2 7 theme de 596:597 arg1 synthesis 604:612 de novo synthesis 596:612 de novo synthesis of milk FA 596:623 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 5 8 theme Total 947:951 arg1 samples 966:972 Total mixed ration samples 947:972 Total mixed ration samples 947:972 Total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for chemical composition using near infrared spectroscopy. 27522424 12 9 theme extract 1713:1719 arg1 content 1721:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 2 10 dep de 596:597 arg1 novo 599:602 novo 599:602 novo 599:602 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 12 11 theme dairy 1835:1839 arg1 farms 1841:1845 commercial dairy farms 1824:1845 commercial dairy farms 1824:1845 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 0 12 theme acid 93:96 arg1 concentration 98:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 1 13 theme commercial 345:354 arg1 farms 362:366 commercial dairy farms 345:366 commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 345:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 10 14 theme detergent 1480:1488 arg1 fiber 1490:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 1 15 theme practices 199:207 arg1 relationship 172:183 the relationship 168:183 the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 168:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 12 16 theme dietary 1699:1705 arg1 content 1721:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 5 17 theme near 1033:1036 arg1 spectroscopy 1047:1058 near infrared spectroscopy 1033:1058 near infrared spectroscopy 1033:1058 Total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for chemical composition using near infrared spectroscopy. 27522424 12 18 theme protein 1806:1812 arg1 yields 1814:1819 lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields 1749:1819 lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms 1749:1845 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 11 19 theme ether 1559:1563 arg1 extract 1565:1571 dietary ether extract 1551:1571 dietary ether extract 1551:1571 However, dietary ether extract was lower for HDN than LDN farms. 27522424 0 20 theme US 128:129 arg1 farms 137:141 northeastern US dairy farms 115:141 northeastern US dairy farms 115:141 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 3 21 dep HDN 734:736 arg1 deviation 779:787 mean ± standard deviation 763:787 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 21 dep HDN 734:736 arg1 26.18±0.94g/100g 739:754 26.18±0.94g/100g 739:754 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 22 theme mean 763:766 arg1 deviation 779:787 mean ± standard deviation 763:787 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 8 23 theme stocking 1256:1263 arg1 density 1265:1271 lower freestall stocking density 1240:1271 lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) 1240:1284 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 8 23 theme stocking 1256:1263 arg1 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 6 24 from differences 1073:1083 arg1 days 1088:1091 days 1088:1091 days 1088:1091 We found no differences in days in milk at the farm level. 27522424 3 25 dep LDN 806:808 arg1 24.19±1.22g/100g 811:826 24.19±1.22g/100g 811:826 LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA 806:832 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 26 theme FA 759:760 arg1 26.18±0.94g/100g 739:754 26.18±0.94g/100g 739:754 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 12 27 theme milk 1788:1791 arg1 fat 1793:1795 reduced milk fat 1780:1795 reduced milk fat 1780:1795 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 3 28 theme high 720:723 arg1 FA 835:836 high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA 720:836 high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk 720:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 1 29 dep de 284:285 arg1 novo 287:290 novo 287:290 novo 287:290 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 0 30 theme bulk 64:67 arg1 concentration 98:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 9 31 theme tiestall 1316:1323 arg1 frequency 1333:1341 tiestall feeding frequency 1316:1341 tiestall feeding frequency 1316:1341 Additionally, tiestall feeding frequency was higher for HDN than LDN farms. 27522424 3 32 theme standard 770:777 arg1 deviation 779:787 mean ± standard deviation 763:787 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 8 33 theme LDN 1291:1293 arg1 farms 1295:1299 LDN farms 1291:1299 LDN farms 1291:1299 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 3 34 from history 709:715 arg1 milk 851:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 0 35 theme milk 74:77 arg1 concentration 98:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 1 36 theme bulk 325:328 arg1 milk 335:338 bulk tank milk 325:338 bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 325:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 12 37 theme feeding 1668:1674 arg1 frequency 1676:1684 reduced feeding frequency 1660:1684 reduced feeding frequency 1660:1684 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 2 38 theme milk 464:467 arg1 concentrations 472:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 5 39 theme mixed 953:957 arg1 samples 966:972 Total mixed ration samples 947:972 Total mixed ration samples 947:972 Total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for chemical composition using near infrared spectroscopy. 27522424 0 40 theme lactation 27:35 arg1 performance 37:47 lactation performance 27:47 lactation performance 27:47 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 3 41 theme low 793:795 arg1 FA 835:836 high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA 720:836 high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk 720:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 7 42 theme de 1157:1158 arg1 FA 1165:1166 de novo FA 1157:1166 de novo FA 1157:1166 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 1 43 theme lactation 257:265 arg1 performance 267:277 lactation performance 257:277 lactation performance 257:277 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 12 44 theme overcrowded 1636:1646 arg1 freestalls 1648:1657 overcrowded freestalls 1636:1657 overcrowded freestalls 1636:1657 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 1 45 with farms 362:366 arg1 cows 407:410 mixed-breed cows 395:410 mixed-breed cows 395:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 45 with farms 362:366 arg1 Jersey 383:388 Jersey 383:388 Jersey 383:388 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 45 with farms 362:366 arg1 Holstein 373:380 Holstein 373:380 Holstein 373:380 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 12 46 dep de 1755:1756 arg1 novo 1758:1761 novo 1758:1761 novo 1758:1761 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 2 47 theme FA 622:623 arg1 synthesis 604:612 de novo synthesis 596:612 de novo synthesis of milk FA 596:623 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 5 48 theme infrared 1038:1045 arg1 spectroscopy 1047:1058 near infrared spectroscopy 1033:1058 near infrared spectroscopy 1033:1058 Total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for chemical composition using near infrared spectroscopy. 27522424 9 49 theme LDN 1367:1369 arg1 farms 1371:1375 LDN farms 1367:1375 LDN farms 1367:1375 Additionally, tiestall feeding frequency was higher for HDN than LDN farms. 27522424 7 50 theme true 1139:1142 arg1 protein 1144:1150 true protein 1139:1150 true protein 1139:1150 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 3 51 from FA 835:836 arg1 milk 851:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 10 52 theme dry 1445:1447 arg1 matter 1449:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 3 53 dep Vermont 650:656 arg1 York 679:682 New York 675:682 New York 675:682 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 54 theme FA 835:836 arg1 history 709:715 a history 707:715 a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk 707:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 7 55 theme fat 1134:1136 arg1 Yield 1120:1124 Yield 1120:1124 Yield of milk fat 1120:1136 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 7 55 theme fat 1134:1136 arg1 FA 1165:1166 de novo FA 1157:1166 de novo FA 1157:1166 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 7 55 theme fat 1134:1136 arg1 protein 1144:1150 true protein 1139:1150 true protein 1139:1150 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 10 56 theme neutral 1472:1478 arg1 fiber 1490:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 5 57 theme chemical 1006:1013 arg1 composition 1015:1025 chemical composition 1006:1025 chemical composition 1006:1025 Total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for chemical composition using near infrared spectroscopy. 27522424 7 58 dep de 1157:1158 arg1 novo 1160:1163 novo 1160:1163 novo 1160:1163 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 3 59 theme FA 831:832 arg1 24.19±1.22g/100g 811:826 24.19±1.22g/100g 811:826 LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA 806:832 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 2 60 dep higher 449:454 arg1 de 456:457 de 456:457 de 456:457 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 8 61 theme HDN 1226:1228 arg1 farms 1230:1234 The HDN farms 1222:1234 The HDN farms 1222:1234 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 1 62 theme characteristics 218:232 arg1 relationship 172:183 the relationship 168:183 the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 168:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 3 63 theme bulk 841:844 arg1 milk 851:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 bulk tank milk 841:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 1 64 theme milk 235:238 arg1 composition 240:250 milk composition 235:250 milk composition 235:250 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 10 65 from protein 1463:1469 arg1 diet 1536:1539 the diet 1532:1539 the diet 1532:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 1 66 theme mixed-breed 395:405 arg1 cows 407:410 mixed-breed cows 395:410 mixed-breed cows 395:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 3 67 theme New 675:677 arg1 York 679:682 New York 675:682 New York 675:682 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 6 68 theme farm 1108:1111 arg1 level 1113:1117 the farm level 1104:1117 the farm level 1104:1117 We found no differences in days in milk at the farm level. 27522424 12 69 theme lower 1749:1753 arg1 yields 1814:1819 lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields 1749:1819 lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms 1749:1845 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 10 70 from fiber 1490:1494 arg1 diet 1536:1539 the diet 1532:1539 the diet 1532:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 1 71 theme acid 298:301 arg1 concentration 308:320 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration 284:320 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 284:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 3 72 from Vermont 650:656 arg1 located 639:645 located 639:645 located 639:645 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 12 73 theme ether 1707:1711 arg1 content 1721:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 10 74 from starch 1497:1502 arg1 diet 1536:1539 the diet 1532:1539 the diet 1532:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 7 75 theme LDN 1211:1213 arg1 farms 1215:1219 LDN farms 1211:1219 LDN farms 1211:1219 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 3 76 from northeastern 662:673 arg1 located 639:645 located 639:645 located 639:645 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 11 77 theme dietary 1551:1557 arg1 extract 1565:1571 dietary ether extract 1551:1571 dietary ether extract 1551:1571 However, dietary ether extract was lower for HDN than LDN farms. 27522424 12 78 theme commercial 1824:1833 arg1 farms 1841:1845 commercial dairy farms 1824:1845 commercial dairy farms 1824:1845 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 10 79 theme LDN 1409:1411 arg1 farms 1413:1417 LDN farms 1409:1417 LDN farms 1409:1417 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 0 80 theme northeastern 115:126 arg1 farms 137:141 northeastern US dairy farms 115:141 northeastern US dairy farms 115:141 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 3 81 dep de 725:726 arg1 novo 728:731 novo 728:731 novo 728:731 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 1 82 theme management 188:197 arg1 practices 199:207 management practices 188:207 management practices 188:207 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 8 83 theme freestall 1246:1254 arg1 density 1265:1271 lower freestall stocking density 1240:1271 lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) 1240:1284 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 8 83 theme freestall 1246:1254 arg1 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 cows/stall 1274:1283 The HDN farms had lower freestall stocking density (cows/stall) than LDN farms. 27522424 3 84 from located 639:645 arg1 northeastern 662:673 northeastern 662:673 northeastern 662:673 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 84 from located 639:645 arg1 Vermont 650:656 Vermont 650:656 Vermont 650:656 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 1 85 from farms 362:366 arg1 concentration 308:320 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration 284:320 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 284:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 85 from farms 362:366 arg1 milk 335:338 bulk tank milk 325:338 bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 325:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 0 86 theme dairy 131:135 arg1 farms 137:141 northeastern US dairy farms 115:141 northeastern US dairy farms 115:141 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 3 87 dep de 797:798 arg1 novo 800:803 novo 800:803 novo 800:803 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 87 dep de 797:798 arg1 LDN 806:808 LDN 806:808 LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA 806:832 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 12 88 theme greater 1691:1697 arg1 content 1721:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 greater dietary ether extract content 1691:1727 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 2 89 theme nutrition 526:534 arg1 practices 536:544 management and nutrition practices 511:544 practices 536:544 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 12 90 theme true 1801:1804 arg1 yields 1814:1819 lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields 1749:1819 lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms 1749:1845 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 3 91 theme ± 768:768 arg1 deviation 779:787 mean ± standard deviation 763:787 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 2 92 theme management 511:520 arg1 practices 536:544 management and nutrition practices 511:544 practices 536:544 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 10 93 from percentage 1508:1517 arg1 diet 1536:1539 the diet 1532:1539 the diet 1532:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 2 94 theme higher 449:454 arg1 concentrations 472:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 12 95 theme reduced 1780:1786 arg1 fat 1793:1795 reduced milk fat 1780:1795 reduced milk fat 1780:1795 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 0 96 theme tank 69:72 arg1 concentration 98:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 12 97 theme reduced 1660:1666 arg1 frequency 1676:1684 reduced feeding frequency 1660:1684 reduced feeding frequency 1660:1684 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 4 98 from farm 917:920 arg1 April 934:938 April 934:938 April 934:938 Management practices were assessed during one visit to each farm in March or April, 2014. 27522424 4 98 from farm 917:920 arg1 March 925:929 March 925:929 March 925:929 Management practices were assessed during one visit to each farm in March or April, 2014. 27522424 2 99 theme milk 617:620 arg1 FA 622:623 milk FA 617:623 milk FA 617:623 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 3 100 dep high 720:723 arg1 de 725:726 de 725:726 de 725:726 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 100 dep high 720:723 arg1 HDN 734:736 HDN 734:736 HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation 734:787 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 0 101 theme de 79:80 arg1 concentration 98:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 2 102 with farms 438:442 arg1 concentrations 472:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 9 103 theme feeding 1325:1331 arg1 frequency 1333:1341 tiestall feeding frequency 1316:1341 tiestall feeding frequency 1316:1341 Additionally, tiestall feeding frequency was higher for HDN than LDN farms. 27522424 10 104 theme forage 1522:1527 arg1 percentage 1508:1517 percentage 1508:1517 percentage of forage in the diet 1508:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 104 theme forage 1522:1527 arg1 fiber 1490:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 104 theme forage 1522:1527 arg1 matter 1449:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 104 theme forage 1522:1527 arg1 protein 1463:1469 crude protein 1457:1469 crude protein 1457:1469 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 104 theme forage 1522:1527 arg1 starch 1497:1502 starch 1497:1502 starch 1497:1502 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 2 105 theme FA 469:470 arg1 concentrations 472:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 higher de novo milk FA concentrations 449:485 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 0 106 theme fatty 87:91 arg1 concentration 98:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration 64:110 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 1 107 theme tank 330:333 arg1 milk 335:338 bulk tank milk 325:338 bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 325:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 0 108 dep de 79:80 arg1 novo 82:85 novo 82:85 novo 82:85 Management, nutrition, and lactation performance are related to bulk tank milk de novo fatty acid concentration on northeastern US dairy farms. 27522424 10 109 from diet 1536:1539 arg1 percentage 1508:1517 percentage 1508:1517 percentage of forage in the diet 1508:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 109 from diet 1536:1539 arg1 fiber 1490:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 neutral detergent fiber 1472:1494 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 109 from diet 1536:1539 arg1 matter 1449:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 109 from diet 1536:1539 arg1 protein 1463:1469 crude protein 1457:1469 crude protein 1457:1469 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 10 109 from diet 1536:1539 arg1 starch 1497:1502 starch 1497:1502 starch 1497:1502 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 5 110 theme ration 959:964 arg1 samples 966:972 Total mixed ration samples 947:972 Total mixed ration samples 947:972 Total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for chemical composition using near infrared spectroscopy. 27522424 3 111 theme de 797:798 arg1 FA 835:836 high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA 720:836 high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk 720:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 112 from milk 851:854 arg1 history 709:715 a history 707:715 a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk 707:854 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 1 113 theme dairy 356:360 arg1 farms 362:366 commercial dairy farms 345:366 commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 345:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 114 theme performance 267:277 arg1 relationship 172:183 the relationship 168:183 the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 168:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 12 115 dep lower 1749:1753 arg1 fat 1793:1795 reduced milk fat 1780:1795 reduced milk fat 1780:1795 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 12 115 dep lower 1749:1753 arg1 synthesis 1766:1774 de novo FA synthesis 1755:1774 de novo FA synthesis 1755:1774 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 1 116 from concentration 308:320 arg1 farms 362:366 commercial dairy farms 345:366 commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 345:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 116 from concentration 308:320 arg1 milk 335:338 bulk tank milk 325:338 bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 325:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 117 theme de 284:285 arg1 FA 304:305 FA 304:305 FA 304:305 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 117 theme de 284:285 arg1 acid 298:301 de novo fatty acid 284:301 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 284:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 118 with relationship 172:183 arg1 concentration 308:320 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration 284:320 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 284:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 7 119 theme milk 1129:1132 arg1 fat 1134:1136 milk fat 1129:1136 milk fat 1129:1136 Yield of milk fat, true protein, and de novo FA per cow per day were higher for HDN versus LDN farms. 27522424 4 120 theme Management 857:866 arg1 practices 868:876 Management practices 857:876 Management practices 857:876 Management practices were assessed during one visit to each farm in March or April, 2014. 27522424 10 121 theme dietary 1437:1443 arg1 matter 1449:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 dietary dry matter 1437:1454 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 1 122 theme fatty 292:296 arg1 FA 304:305 FA 304:305 FA 304:305 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 1 122 theme fatty 292:296 arg1 acid 298:301 de novo fatty acid 284:301 de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows 284:410 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 10 123 from matter 1449:1454 arg1 diet 1536:1539 the diet 1532:1539 the diet 1532:1539 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 11 124 theme LDN 1596:1598 arg1 farms 1600:1604 LDN farms 1596:1604 LDN farms 1596:1604 However, dietary ether extract was lower for HDN than LDN farms. 27522424 2 125 dep de 456:457 arg1 novo 459:462 novo 459:462 novo 459:462 It was hypothesized that farms with higher de novo milk FA concentrations would more commonly use management and nutrition practices known to optimize ruminal conditions that enhance de novo synthesis of milk FA. 27522424 10 126 theme crude 1457:1461 arg1 protein 1463:1469 crude protein 1457:1469 crude protein 1457:1469 No differences between HDN and LDN farms were detected for dietary dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, starch, or percentage of forage in the diet. 27522424 1 127 theme dietary 210:216 arg1 characteristics 218:232 dietary characteristics 210:232 dietary characteristics 210:232 This study investigated the relationship of management practices, dietary characteristics, milk composition, and lactation performance with de novo fatty acid (FA) concentration in bulk tank milk from commercial dairy farms with Holstein, Jersey, and mixed-breed cows. 27522424 12 128 theme FA 1763:1764 arg1 synthesis 1766:1774 de novo FA synthesis 1755:1774 de novo FA synthesis 1755:1774 This research indicates that overcrowded freestalls, reduced feeding frequency, and greater dietary ether extract content are associated with lower de novo FA synthesis and reduced milk fat and true protein yields on commercial dairy farms. 27522424 3 129 theme located 639:645 arg1 n=44 633:636 n=44 633:636 n=44 633:636 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 27522424 3 129 theme located 639:645 arg1 Farms 626:630 Farms 626:630 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York 626:682 Farms (n=44) located in Vermont and northeastern New York were selected based on a history of high de novo (HDN; 26.18±0.94g/100g of FA; mean ± standard deviation) or low de novo (LDN; 24.19±1.22g/100g of FA) FA in bulk tank milk. 25819609 4 0 theme desired 1169:1175 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 2 1 theme water 557:561 arg1 migration 563:571 water migration 557:571 water migration ceased and enough pore former 557:601 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 2 2 dep formed 680:685 arg1 3 623:623 3 623:623 3 623:623 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 0 3 theme infrared-spectral 78:94 arg1 insights 96:103 infrared-spectral insights 78:103 infrared-spectral insights 78:103 Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. 25819609 1 4 theme pore 349:352 arg1 formers 354:360 pore formers 349:360 pore formers 349:360 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 2 5 dep dissolved 607:615 arg1 2 525:525 2 525:525 2 525:525 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 2 6 theme EC 515:516 arg1 film 518:521 the EC film 511:521 the EC film 511:521 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 7 theme formers 354:360 arg1 kinds 340:344 different kinds 330:344 different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers 330:380 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 2 8 theme film 551:554 arg1 saturation 533:542 saturation 533:542 saturation of the film 533:554 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 2 9 dep migration 734:742 arg1 begin 747:751 begin 747:751 to begin 744:751 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 3 10 theme pore 903:906 arg1 solubility 885:894 water solubility 879:894 water solubility of the pore former 879:913 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 4 11 theme EC 1138:1139 arg1 coating 1156:1162 EC pharmaceutical coating 1138:1162 EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior 1138:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 4 12 theme effective 1099:1107 arg1 guide 1109:1113 an effective guide 1096:1113 an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior 1096:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 4 13 theme drug 1177:1180 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 1 14 theme ethyl 289:293 arg1 EC 306:307 EC 306:307 EC 306:307 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 1 14 theme ethyl 289:293 arg1 cellulose 295:303 ethyl cellulose 289:303 ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers 289:380 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 1 15 theme plasticizers 369:380 arg1 kinds 340:344 different kinds 330:344 different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers 330:380 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 3 16 theme water 933:937 arg1 solubility 939:948 water solubility 933:948 water solubility of the drug 933:960 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 4 17 with coating 1156:1162 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 2 18 dep water 442:446 arg1 1 439:439 1 439:439 1 439:439 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 19 theme cellulose 295:303 arg1 films 310:314 ethyl cellulose (EC) films 289:314 ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers 289:380 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 4 20 theme pharmaceutical 1141:1154 arg1 coating 1156:1162 EC pharmaceutical coating 1138:1162 EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior 1138:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 2 21 theme major 389:393 arg1 stages 395:400 Three major stages 383:400 Three major stages 383:400 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 0 22 theme migration 19:27 arg1 process 29:35 the drug migration process 10:35 the drug migration process 10:35 Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. 25819609 3 23 theme drug 957:960 arg1 solubility 939:948 water solubility 933:948 water solubility of the drug 933:960 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 1 24 theme novel 112:116 arg1 technique 142:150 novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique 112:150 novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique 112:150 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 4 25 theme drug 1024:1027 arg1 migration 1029:1037 drug migration 1024:1037 drug migration across EC films not previously studied 1024:1076 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 1 26 theme migration 207:215 arg1 behavior 217:224 the migration behavior 203:224 the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities 203:265 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 0 27 theme drug 14:17 arg1 process 29:35 the drug migration process 10:35 the drug migration process 10:35 Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. 25819609 0 28 from insights 96:103 arg1 films 67:71 ethyl cellulose-based films 45:71 ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights 45:103 Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. 25819609 1 29 theme time-dependent 118:131 arg1 technique 142:150 novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique 112:150 novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique 112:150 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 4 30 theme EC 1046:1047 arg1 films 1049:1053 EC films 1046:1053 EC films not previously studied 1046:1076 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 2 31 theme drug-saturated 466:479 arg1 solution 481:488 the drug-saturated solution 462:488 the drug-saturated solution 462:488 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 4 32 theme mechanistic 985:995 arg1 understanding 997:1009 a mechanistic understanding 983:1009 a mechanistic understanding of water 983:1018 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 3 33 theme second 850:855 arg1 stage 857:861 second stage 850:861 second stage 850:861 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 2 34 theme drug 422:425 arg1 migration 427:435 drug migration 422:435 drug migration 422:435 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 35 with behavior 217:224 arg1 solubilities 254:265 varying water solubilities 240:265 varying water solubilities 240:265 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 2 36 theme film 518:521 arg1 side 503:506 the other side 493:506 the other side of the EC film 493:521 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 37 theme drugs 229:233 arg1 behavior 217:224 the migration behavior 203:224 the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities 203:265 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 0 38 theme cellulose-based 51:65 arg1 films 67:71 ethyl cellulose-based films 45:71 ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights 45:103 Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. 25819609 3 39 dep reduction 822:830 arg1 a 820:820 a 820:820 a 820:820 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 1 40 theme ATR-FTIR 133:140 arg1 technique 142:150 novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique 112:150 novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique 112:150 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 0 41 theme ethyl 45:49 arg1 films 67:71 ethyl cellulose-based films 45:71 ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights 45:103 Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. 25819609 4 42 theme coating 1156:1162 arg1 preparation 1123:1133 the preparation 1119:1133 the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior 1119:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 4 43 theme water 1014:1018 arg1 migration 1029:1037 drug migration 1024:1037 drug migration across EC films not previously studied 1024:1076 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 4 43 theme water 1014:1018 arg1 understanding 997:1009 a mechanistic understanding 983:1009 a mechanistic understanding of water 983:1018 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 2 44 theme drug 729:732 arg1 migration 734:742 drug migration 729:742 drug migration to begin 729:751 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 45 theme different 330:338 arg1 kinds 340:344 different kinds 330:344 different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers 330:380 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 4 46 theme release 1182:1188 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 desired drug release behavior 1169:1197 These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior. 25819609 3 47 theme water 879:883 arg1 solubility 885:894 water solubility 879:894 water solubility of the pore former 879:913 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 3 48 from reduction 822:830 arg1 stage 857:861 second stage 850:861 second stage 850:861 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 3 49 theme former 908:913 arg1 pore 903:906 the pore former 899:913 the pore former 899:913 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 1 50 theme two-dimensional 156:170 arg1 analysis 184:191 two-dimensional correlation analysis 156:191 two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos) 156:200 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 1 50 theme two-dimensional 156:170 arg1 Dcos 196:199 2 Dcos 194:199 2 Dcos 194:199 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 2 51 theme film 716:719 arg1 sides 700:704 both sides 695:704 both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return 695:781 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 52 theme varying 240:246 arg1 solubilities 254:265 varying water solubilities 240:265 varying water solubilities 240:265 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 2 53 theme other 497:501 arg1 side 503:506 the other side 493:506 the other side of the EC film 493:521 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 3 54 theme Further 784:790 arg1 investigations 792:805 Further investigations 784:805 Further investigations 784:805 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 2 55 theme former 658:663 arg1 dissolution 631:641 dissolution 631:641 dissolution of enough pore former 631:663 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 56 theme correlation 172:182 arg1 analysis 184:191 two-dimensional correlation analysis 156:191 two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos) 156:200 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 1 56 theme correlation 172:182 arg1 Dcos 196:199 2 Dcos 194:199 2 Dcos 194:199 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 2 57 theme EC 713:714 arg1 film 716:719 the EC film 709:719 the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return 709:781 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 1 58 theme water 248:252 arg1 solubilities 254:265 varying water solubilities 240:265 varying water solubilities 240:265 Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. 25819609 3 59 from elimination 835:845 arg1 stage 857:861 second stage 850:861 second stage 850:861 Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. 25819609 2 60 dep former 596:601 arg1 pore 591:594 pore 591:594 pore 591:594 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 25819609 2 61 theme water 757:761 arg1 migration 763:771 water migration 757:771 water migration to return 757:781 Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. 23913820 7 0 theme Cell 1115:1118 arg1 assay 1134:1138 Cell proliferation assay 1115:1138 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels 1115:1173 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 1 1 theme short 300:304 arg1 time 306:309 a short time 298:309 a short time 298:309 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 8 2 theme Adipogenic 1225:1234 arg1 differentiation 1236:1250 Adipogenic differentiation 1225:1250 Adipogenic differentiation 1225:1250 Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. 23913820 9 3 theme excellent 1420:1428 arg1 properties 1470:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 5 4 theme higher 881:886 arg1 porosity 888:895 higher porosity 881:895 higher porosity 881:895 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 6 5 theme adipose 946:952 arg1 tissue 954:959 Human adipose tissue 940:959 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) 940:988 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 9 6 theme adipogenesis 1446:1457 arg1 properties 1470:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 4 7 theme plasma 685:690 arg1 gels 692:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 1 8 theme transferred 244:254 arg1 tissue 264:269 the transferred adipose tissue 240:269 the transferred adipose tissue 240:269 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 4 9 theme human 710:714 arg1 plasma 730:735 human platelet-poor plasma 710:735 human platelet-poor plasma 710:735 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 4 10 theme umbilical 756:764 arg1 cord 766:769 human umbilical cord 750:769 human umbilical cord 750:769 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 1 11 theme soft-tissue 150:160 arg1 reconstruction 162:175 soft-tissue reconstruction 150:175 soft-tissue reconstruction 150:175 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 4 12 theme platelet-poor 716:728 arg1 plasma 730:735 human platelet-poor plasma 710:735 human platelet-poor plasma 710:735 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 7 13 theme constructs 1213:1222 arg1 nature 1197:1202 the nontoxic nature 1184:1202 the nontoxic nature of these constructs 1184:1222 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 7 14 from assay 1134:1138 arg1 gels 1170:1173 the HA/G plasma gels 1154:1173 the HA/G plasma gels 1154:1173 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 0 15 theme hydrogel-based 71:84 arg1 applications 113:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 1 16 theme adipose 196:202 arg1 transplantation 211:225 autologous adipose tissue transplantation 185:225 autologous adipose tissue transplantation 185:225 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 5 17 contain had 877:879 arg1 gels 872:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 5 17 contain had 877:879 arg2 porosity 888:895 higher porosity 881:895 higher porosity 881:895 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 0 18 theme tissue 94:99 arg1 applications 113:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 4 19 dep plasma 730:735 arg1 acid 782:785 hyaluronic acid 771:785 hyaluronic acid 771:785 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 5 20 dep gels 915:918 arg1 % 936:936 63.86% 931:936 63.86% 931:936 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 5 20 dep gels 915:918 arg1 % 925:925 72.5% 921:925 72.5% 921:925 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 6 21 theme flow 1052:1055 arg1 cytometry 1057:1065 flow cytometry 1052:1065 flow cytometry 1052:1065 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 4 22 theme hyaluronic 771:780 arg1 acid 782:785 hyaluronic acid 771:785 hyaluronic acid 771:785 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 7 23 theme plasma 1163:1168 arg1 gels 1170:1173 the HA/G plasma gels 1154:1173 the HA/G plasma gels 1154:1173 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 8 24 theme plasma 1308:1313 arg1 gels 1315:1318 plain plasma gels 1302:1318 plain plasma gels 1302:1318 Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. 23913820 5 25 theme plasma 865:870 arg1 gels 872:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 0 26 theme hyaluronic 26:35 arg1 gel 63:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 4 27 link crosslinked 642:652 arg1 gels 692:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 0 28 theme gel 63:65 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 0:125 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 3 29 theme natural 511:517 arg1 scaffolds 526:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 0 30 theme blood 50:54 arg1 gel 63:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 31 theme plasma 1354:1359 arg1 scaffold 1503:1510 a useful scaffold 1494:1510 a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications 1494:1554 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 31 theme plasma 1354:1359 arg1 gel 1361:1363 the HA/G plasma gel 1345:1363 the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1345:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 2 32 theme implantable 351:361 arg1 materials 372:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials 338:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration 338:417 To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. 23913820 1 33 theme adipose 256:262 arg1 tissue 264:269 the transferred adipose tissue 240:269 the transferred adipose tissue 240:269 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 6 34 theme adipogenic 1087:1096 arg1 differentiation 1098:1112 and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation 1068:1112 and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation 1068:1112 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 4 35 theme glutaraldehyde 627:640 arg1 gels 692:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 3 36 theme reconstructive 540:553 arg1 applications 563:574 reconstructive surgery applications 540:574 reconstructive surgery applications 540:574 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 9 37 theme suitable 1374:1381 arg1 size 1388:1391 its suitable pore size 1370:1391 its suitable pore size 1370:1391 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 0 38 theme plasma 56:61 arg1 gel 63:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 6 39 theme osteogenic 1072:1081 arg1 differentiation 1098:1112 and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation 1068:1112 and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation 1068:1112 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 4 40 theme hyaluronic 654:663 arg1 HA/G 679:682 HA/G 679:682 HA/G 679:682 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 4 40 theme hyaluronic 654:663 arg1 acid/gelatin 665:676 hyaluronic acid/gelatin 654:676 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 3 41 theme scaffolds 526:534 arg1 suitability 483:493 the suitability 479:493 the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications 479:574 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 9 42 with gel 1361:1363 arg1 properties 1470:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 42 with gel 1361:1363 arg1 size 1388:1391 its suitable pore size 1370:1391 its suitable pore size 1370:1391 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 42 with gel 1361:1363 arg1 properties 1405:1414 mechanical properties 1394:1414 mechanical properties 1394:1414 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 3 43 theme in 584:585 arg1 tests 593:597 in vitro tests 584:597 in vitro tests 584:597 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 9 44 theme mechanical 1394:1403 arg1 properties 1405:1414 mechanical properties 1394:1414 mechanical properties 1394:1414 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 5 45 theme plain 902:906 arg1 gels 915:918 plain plasma gels 902:918 plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%) 902:937 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 1 46 theme tissue 204:209 arg1 transplantation 211:225 autologous adipose tissue transplantation 185:225 autologous adipose tissue transplantation 185:225 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 4 47 theme gels 692:695 arg1 kPa 810:812 3.5 kPa 806:812 3.5 kPa 806:812 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 4 47 theme gels 692:695 arg1 modulus 612:618 The Young's modulus 600:618 The Young's modulus 600:618 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 2 48 theme long 338:341 arg1 materials 372:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials 338:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration 338:417 To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. 23913820 9 49 theme cell 1430:1433 arg1 growth 1435:1440 cell growth 1430:1440 cell growth 1430:1440 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 7 50 theme AD-MSCs 1143:1149 arg1 assay 1134:1138 Cell proliferation assay 1115:1138 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels 1115:1173 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 6 51 theme Human 940:944 arg1 tissue 954:959 Human adipose tissue 940:959 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) 940:988 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 5 52 theme plasma 908:913 arg1 gels 915:918 plain plasma gels 902:918 plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%) 902:937 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 9 53 theme adipose 1516:1522 arg1 applications 1543:1554 adipose tissue engineering applications 1516:1554 adipose tissue engineering applications 1516:1554 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 2 54 theme hydrogel 363:370 arg1 materials 372:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials 338:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration 338:417 To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. 23913820 9 55 theme growth 1435:1440 arg1 properties 1470:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 5 56 theme composite 850:858 arg1 gels 872:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 8 57 theme HA/G 1277:1280 arg1 gels 1289:1292 HA/G plasma gels 1277:1292 HA/G plasma gels 1277:1292 Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. 23913820 1 58 theme Standard 127:134 arg1 approaches 136:145 Standard approaches 127:145 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction 127:175 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 8 59 theme plasma 1282:1287 arg1 gels 1289:1292 HA/G plasma gels 1277:1292 HA/G plasma gels 1277:1292 Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. 23913820 3 60 dep in 584:585 arg1 vitro 587:591 vitro 587:591 vitro 587:591 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 4 61 theme human 750:754 arg1 cord 766:769 human umbilical cord 750:769 human umbilical cord 750:769 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 3 62 theme composite 498:506 arg1 scaffolds 526:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 9 63 theme useful 1496:1501 arg1 scaffold 1503:1510 a useful scaffold 1494:1510 a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications 1494:1554 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 63 theme useful 1496:1501 arg1 gel 1361:1363 the HA/G plasma gel 1345:1363 the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1345:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 8 64 theme plain 1302:1306 arg1 gels 1315:1318 plain plasma gels 1302:1318 plain plasma gels 1302:1318 Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. 23913820 7 65 theme nontoxic 1188:1195 arg1 nature 1197:1202 the nontoxic nature 1184:1202 the nontoxic nature of these constructs 1184:1222 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 0 66 theme adipose 86:92 arg1 applications 113:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 1 67 theme autologous 185:194 arg1 transplantation 211:225 autologous adipose tissue transplantation 185:225 autologous adipose tissue transplantation 185:225 Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. 23913820 0 68 theme engineering 101:111 arg1 applications 113:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications 71:124 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 69 theme tissue 1524:1529 arg1 applications 1543:1554 adipose tissue engineering applications 1516:1554 adipose tissue engineering applications 1516:1554 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 6 70 theme stem 969:972 arg1 cells 974:978 stem cells 969:978 stem cells (AD-MSCs) 969:988 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 6 70 theme stem 969:972 arg1 AD-MSCs 981:987 AD-MSCs 981:987 AD-MSCs 981:987 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 9 71 theme engineering 1531:1541 arg1 applications 1543:1554 adipose tissue engineering applications 1516:1554 adipose tissue engineering applications 1516:1554 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 3 72 theme 3D 508:509 arg1 scaffolds 526:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 7 73 theme HA/G 1158:1161 arg1 gels 1170:1173 the HA/G plasma gels 1154:1173 the HA/G plasma gels 1154:1173 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 3 74 theme study 457:461 arg1 purpose 441:447 The purpose 437:447 The purpose of this study 437:461 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 0 75 theme composite 16:24 arg1 gel 63:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 4 76 theme Young 604:608 arg1 kPa 810:812 3.5 kPa 806:812 3.5 kPa 806:812 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 4 76 theme Young 604:608 arg1 modulus 612:618 The Young's modulus 600:618 The Young's modulus 600:618 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 2 77 theme tissue 399:404 arg1 regeneration 406:417 tissue regeneration 399:417 tissue regeneration 399:417 To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. 23913820 0 78 theme acid/gelatin 37:48 arg1 gel 63:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel 14:65 Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel-based adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 79 theme supporting 1459:1468 arg1 properties 1470:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1420:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 6 80 theme human 1009:1013 arg1 lipoaspirates 1015:1027 human lipoaspirates 1009:1027 human lipoaspirates 1009:1027 Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. 23913820 7 81 theme proliferation 1120:1132 arg1 assay 1134:1138 Cell proliferation assay 1115:1138 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels 1115:1173 Cell proliferation assay of AD-MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. 23913820 9 82 theme HA/G 1349:1352 arg1 scaffold 1503:1510 a useful scaffold 1494:1510 a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications 1494:1554 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 9 82 theme HA/G 1349:1352 arg1 gel 1361:1363 the HA/G plasma gel 1345:1363 the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties 1345:1479 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 23913820 4 83 theme soft 832:835 arg1 tissues 837:843 soft tissues 832:843 soft tissues 832:843 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 3 84 theme origin 519:524 arg1 scaffolds 526:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 composite 3D natural origin scaffolds 498:534 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 4 85 theme crosslinked 642:652 arg1 gels 692:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 2 86 theme lasting 343:349 arg1 materials 372:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials 338:380 long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration 338:417 To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. 23913820 5 87 theme HA/G 860:863 arg1 gels 872:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels 846:875 The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). 23913820 4 88 theme acid/gelatin 665:676 arg1 gels 692:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels 623:695 The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet-poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. 23913820 3 89 theme surgery 555:561 arg1 applications 563:574 reconstructive surgery applications 540:574 reconstructive surgery applications 540:574 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. 23913820 9 90 theme pore 1383:1386 arg1 size 1388:1391 its suitable pore size 1370:1391 its suitable pore size 1370:1391 The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. 28433190 0 0 theme cellulose 72:80 arg1 hydrolysis 58:67 enzymatic hydrolysis 48:67 enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 48:80 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 6 1 theme increasing 901:910 arg1 content 919:925 the increasing lignin content 897:925 the increasing lignin content to 40% 897:932 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 2 theme 6.2 944:946 arg1 % 947:947 % 947:947 % 947:947 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 1 3 theme various 151:157 arg1 effects 159:165 various effects 151:165 various effects 151:165 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 7 4 from influence 1038:1046 arg1 hydrolysis 1065:1074 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1051:1074 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1051:1074 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 0 5 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 hydrolysis 58:67 enzymatic hydrolysis 48:67 enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 48:80 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 7 6 theme enzymatic 1055:1063 arg1 hydrolysis 1065:1074 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1051:1074 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1051:1074 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 3 7 theme lignin 467:472 arg1 sources 474:480 lignin sources 467:480 lignin sources 467:480 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 2 8 theme enzymatic 268:276 arg1 digestibility 278:290 enzymatic digestibility 268:290 enzymatic digestibility of cellulose 268:303 In this study, the influence of lignin on enzymatic digestibility of cellulose was assessed. 28433190 4 9 theme lignin 508:513 arg1 effect 498:503 The inhibitory effect 483:503 The inhibitory effect of lignin 483:513 The inhibitory effect of lignin was abated as the enzyme loading increased from 10 to 20FPU/g dry substrate. 28433190 3 10 theme % 333:333 arg1 lignin 361:366 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin 331:366 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) 331:383 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 10 theme % 333:333 arg1 lignin 369:374 lignin 2 and 3 369:382 lignin 369:374 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 10 theme % 333:333 arg1 3 382:382 3 382:382 3 382:382 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 1 11 contain have 146:149 arg1 properties 119:128 The different physical and chemical properties 83:128 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin 83:138 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 1 11 contain have 146:149 arg2 effects 159:165 various effects 151:165 various effects 151:165 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 6 12 from loading 857:863 arg1 hydrolysis 820:829 the enzymatic hydrolysis 806:829 the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 806:894 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 5 13 theme cellulose 683:691 arg1 efficiency 704:713 the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency 679:713 the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency 679:713 However, the increasing lignin amount to 40% (8g/L) did not appear to further decrease the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency. 28433190 3 14 theme kraft 389:393 arg1 lignin 403:408 lignin 4 403:410 lignin 4 403:410 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 14 theme kraft 389:393 arg1 lignin 395:400 kraft lignin 389:400 kraft lignin (lignin 4) 389:411 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 6 15 theme cellulase 847:855 arg1 loading 857:863 cellulase loading 847:863 cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 847:894 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 2 16 theme lignin 258:263 arg1 influence 245:253 the influence 241:253 the influence of lignin on enzymatic digestibility of cellulose 241:303 In this study, the influence of lignin on enzymatic digestibility of cellulose was assessed. 28433190 3 17 theme lignin 395:400 arg1 Addition 319:326 Addition 319:326 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) 319:411 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 18 theme lignin 361:366 arg1 Addition 319:326 Addition 319:326 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) 319:411 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 5 19 theme hydrolysis 693:702 arg1 efficiency 704:713 the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency 679:713 the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency 679:713 However, the increasing lignin amount to 40% (8g/L) did not appear to further decrease the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency. 28433190 1 20 theme enzymatic 174:182 arg1 hydrolysis 184:193 the enzymatic hydrolysis 170:193 the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates 170:223 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 0 21 theme effects 18:24 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 0:81 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 6 22 theme cellulose 834:842 arg1 hydrolysis 820:829 the enzymatic hydrolysis 806:829 the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 806:894 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 5 23 theme increasing 605:614 arg1 amount 623:628 the increasing lignin amount 601:628 the increasing lignin amount to 40% (8g/L) 601:642 However, the increasing lignin amount to 40% (8g/L) did not appear to further decrease the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency. 28433190 7 24 contain had 1020:1022 arg1 lignin 1013:1018 different lignin 1003:1018 different lignin 1003:1018 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 7 24 contain had 1020:1022 arg2 influence 1038:1046 influence 1038:1046 influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry 1038:1188 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 2 25 theme cellulose 295:303 arg1 digestibility 278:290 enzymatic digestibility 268:290 enzymatic digestibility of cellulose 268:303 In this study, the influence of lignin on enzymatic digestibility of cellulose was assessed. 28433190 6 26 theme lignin 912:917 arg1 content 919:925 the increasing lignin content 897:925 the increasing lignin content to 40% 897:932 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 3 27 theme enzymatic 351:359 arg1 lignin 361:366 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin 331:366 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) 331:383 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 27 theme enzymatic 351:359 arg1 lignin 369:374 lignin 2 and 3 369:382 lignin 369:374 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 27 theme enzymatic 351:359 arg1 3 382:382 3 382:382 3 382:382 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 4 28 theme inhibitory 487:496 arg1 effect 498:503 The inhibitory effect 483:503 The inhibitory effect of lignin 483:513 The inhibitory effect of lignin was abated as the enzyme loading increased from 10 to 20FPU/g dry substrate. 28433190 5 29 theme lignin 616:621 arg1 amount 623:628 the increasing lignin amount 601:628 the increasing lignin amount to 40% (8g/L) 601:642 However, the increasing lignin amount to 40% (8g/L) did not appear to further decrease the cellulose hydrolysis efficiency. 28433190 6 30 theme calcium 746:752 arg1 lignin 770:775 lignin 5 770:777 lignin 5 770:777 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 30 theme calcium 746:752 arg1 lignosulfonate 754:767 calcium lignosulfonate 746:767 calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) 746:778 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 1 31 theme physical 97:104 arg1 properties 119:128 The different physical and chemical properties 83:128 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin 83:138 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 1 32 theme lignin 133:138 arg1 properties 119:128 The different physical and chemical properties 83:128 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin 83:138 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 0 33 theme isolated 29:36 arg1 lignin 38:43 isolated lignin 29:43 isolated lignin 29:43 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 3 34 theme % 429:429 arg1 drop 431:434 5-20% drop 425:434 5-20% drop of glucose yield 425:451 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 6 35 theme yield 969:973 arg1 increase 949:956 6.2% increase 944:956 6.2% increase of glucose yield 944:973 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 2 36 from influence 245:253 arg1 digestibility 278:290 enzymatic digestibility 268:290 enzymatic digestibility of cellulose 268:303 In this study, the influence of lignin on enzymatic digestibility of cellulose was assessed. 28433190 1 37 theme lignocellulosic 198:212 arg1 substrates 214:223 lignocellulosic substrates 198:223 lignocellulosic substrates 198:223 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 4 38 theme 20FPU/g 569:575 arg1 substrate 581:589 20FPU/g dry substrate 569:589 20FPU/g dry substrate 569:589 The inhibitory effect of lignin was abated as the enzyme loading increased from 10 to 20FPU/g dry substrate. 28433190 6 39 theme enzymatic 810:818 arg1 hydrolysis 820:829 the enzymatic hydrolysis 806:829 the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 806:894 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 0 40 from hydrolysis 58:67 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 0:81 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 3 41 theme isolated 342:349 arg1 lignin 361:366 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin 331:366 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) 331:383 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 41 theme isolated 342:349 arg1 lignin 369:374 lignin 2 and 3 369:382 lignin 369:374 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 41 theme isolated 342:349 arg1 3 382:382 3 382:382 3 382:382 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 1 42 theme substrates 214:223 arg1 hydrolysis 184:193 the enzymatic hydrolysis 170:193 the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates 170:223 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 3 43 dep % 333:333 arg1 4g/L 336:339 4g/L 336:339 4g/L 336:339 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 44 theme 20 331:332 arg1 % 333:333 % 333:333 % 333:333 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 3 45 theme 5-20 425:428 arg1 % 429:429 % 429:429 % 429:429 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 0 46 theme lignin 38:43 arg1 effects 18:24 the effects 14:24 the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 14:80 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 6 47 theme negative 787:794 arg1 effect 796:801 no negative effect 784:801 no negative effect 784:801 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 1 48 theme chemical 110:117 arg1 properties 119:128 The different physical and chemical properties 83:128 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin 83:138 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 7 49 theme different 1003:1011 arg1 lignin 1013:1018 different lignin 1003:1018 different lignin 1003:1018 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 4 50 theme dry 577:579 arg1 substrate 581:589 20FPU/g dry substrate 569:589 20FPU/g dry substrate 569:589 The inhibitory effect of lignin was abated as the enzyme loading increased from 10 to 20FPU/g dry substrate. 28433190 6 51 theme glucose 961:967 arg1 yield 969:973 glucose yield 961:973 glucose yield 961:973 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 1 52 theme different 87:95 arg1 properties 119:128 The different physical and chemical properties 83:128 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin 83:138 The different physical and chemical properties of lignin might have various effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. 28433190 6 53 theme substrate 886:894 arg1 loading 857:863 cellulase loading 847:863 cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 847:894 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 54 theme % 947:947 arg1 increase 949:956 6.2% increase 944:956 6.2% increase of glucose yield 944:973 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 55 theme dry 882:884 arg1 substrate 886:894 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 868:894 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate 868:894 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 56 theme Ethanol 716:722 arg1 lignin 732:737 lignin 1 732:739 lignin 1 732:739 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 56 theme Ethanol 716:722 arg1 lignin 724:729 Ethanol lignin 716:729 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) 716:740 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 3 57 theme glucose 439:445 arg1 yield 447:451 glucose yield 439:451 glucose yield 439:451 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 28433190 6 58 contain had 780:782 arg1 lignin 770:775 lignin 5 770:777 lignin 5 770:777 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 58 contain had 780:782 arg2 effect 796:801 no negative effect 784:801 no negative effect 784:801 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 58 contain had 780:782 arg1 lignosulfonate 754:767 calcium lignosulfonate 746:767 calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) 746:778 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 58 contain had 780:782 arg1 lignin 732:737 lignin 1 732:739 lignin 1 732:739 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 6 58 contain had 780:782 arg1 lignin 724:729 Ethanol lignin 716:729 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) 716:740 Ethanol lignin (lignin 1) and calcium lignosulfonate (lignin 5) had no negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose at cellulase loading of 10 or 20FPU/g dry substrate, the increasing lignin content to 40% presented 6.2% increase of glucose yield. 28433190 4 59 theme enzyme 533:538 arg1 loading 540:546 the enzyme loading 529:546 the enzyme loading 529:546 The inhibitory effect of lignin was abated as the enzyme loading increased from 10 to 20FPU/g dry substrate. 28433190 0 60 theme enzymatic 48:56 arg1 hydrolysis 58:67 enzymatic hydrolysis 48:67 enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 48:80 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 0 61 from effects 18:24 arg1 hydrolysis 58:67 enzymatic hydrolysis 48:67 enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 48:80 Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. 28433190 7 62 theme elemental 1134:1142 arg1 analysis 1144:1151 elemental analysis 1134:1151 elemental analysis 1134:1151 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 7 63 theme chemical 1112:1119 arg1 composition 1121:1131 chemical composition 1112:1131 chemical composition 1112:1131 The results indicated that different lignin had significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis, which was confirmed by analysis in chemical composition, elemental analysis, functionality, and thermogravimetry. 28433190 3 64 theme yield 447:451 arg1 drop 431:434 5-20% drop 425:434 5-20% drop of glucose yield 425:451 Addition of 20% (4g/L) isolated enzymatic lignin (lignin 2 and 3) and kraft lignin (lignin 4) resulted in 5-20% drop of glucose yield, depending on lignin sources. 25529054 1 0 theme glycosidic 186:195 arg1 bonds 197:201 glycosidic bonds 186:201 glycosidic bonds 186:201 Oligosaccharide are carbohydrate molecules, comprising repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. 25529054 4 1 theme permeation 971:980 arg1 chromatography 982:995 high‑performance gel permeation chromatography 950:995 high‑performance gel permeation chromatography 950:995 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 6 2 theme hydrogen 1277:1284 arg1 peroxide 1286:1293 hydrogen peroxide 1277:1293 hydrogen peroxide 1277:1293 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 6 3 theme antioxidant 1121:1131 arg1 activity 1133:1140 The antioxidant activity 1117:1140 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A 1117:1149 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 0 4 from Composition 0:10 arg1 erinaceus 85:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 4 5 theme high‑performance 950:965 arg1 chromatography 982:995 high‑performance gel permeation chromatography 950:995 high‑performance gel permeation chromatography 950:995 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 7 6 theme antioxidant 1470:1480 arg1 compounds 1482:1490 natural antioxidant compounds 1462:1490 natural antioxidant compounds 1462:1490 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 5 7 theme molecular 1087:1095 arg1 size 1097:1100 the average molecular size 1075:1100 the average molecular size 1075:1100 The results indicated that HEO‑A was composed of D‑xylose and D‑glucose, and the average molecular size was ~1,877 Da. 25529054 5 7 theme molecular 1087:1095 arg1 Da 1113:1114 ~1,877 Da 1106:1114 ~1,877 Da 1106:1114 The results indicated that HEO‑A was composed of D‑xylose and D‑glucose, and the average molecular size was ~1,877 Da. 25529054 7 8 theme natural 1462:1468 arg1 compounds 1482:1490 natural antioxidant compounds 1462:1490 natural antioxidant compounds 1462:1490 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 4 9 theme monosaccharide 789:802 arg1 analysis 814:821 monosaccharide component analysis 789:821 monosaccharide component analysis 789:821 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 7 10 theme healthcare 1432:1441 arg1 food 1443:1446 an effective healthcare food and source 1419:1457 food 1443:1446 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 7 10 theme healthcare 1432:1441 arg1 HEO‑A 1400:1404 HEO‑A 1400:1404 HEO‑A 1400:1404 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 3 11 dep extracted 454:462 arg1 HEO‑A 710:714 HEO‑A 710:714 HEO‑A 710:714 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 11 dep extracted 454:462 arg1 oligosaccharide 693:707 Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide 674:707 Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A) 674:715 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 6 12 theme scavenging 1214:1223 arg1 activity 1225:1232 the scavenging activity 1210:1232 the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals 1210:1370 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 3 13 theme column 606:611 arg1 chromatography 613:626 diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography 556:626 chromatography 613:626 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 14 theme Hericium 492:499 arg1 erinaceus 501:509 Hericium erinaceus 492:509 Hericium erinaceus 492:509 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 15 theme present 397:403 arg1 study 405:409 the present study 393:409 the present study 393:409 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 4 16 theme gel 967:969 arg1 chromatography 982:995 high‑performance gel permeation chromatography 950:995 high‑performance gel permeation chromatography 950:995 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 2 17 theme biological 300:309 arg1 immune-stimulation 344:361 immune-stimulation 344:361 immune-stimulation 344:361 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 17 theme biological 300:309 arg1 activities 311:320 various biological activities 292:320 various biological activities 292:320 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 17 theme biological 300:309 arg1 antitumor 333:341 antitumor 333:341 antitumor 333:341 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 17 theme biological 300:309 arg1 effects 381:387 antioxidation effects 367:387 antioxidation effects 367:387 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 3 18 theme erinaceus 501:509 arg1 bodies 482:487 the fruiting bodies 469:487 the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 469:509 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 19 theme oligosaccharide 648:662 arg1 fraction 664:671 one major oligosaccharide fraction 638:671 one major oligosaccharide fraction 638:671 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 7 20 theme compounds 1482:1490 arg1 source 1452:1457 an effective healthcare food and source 1419:1457 source 1452:1457 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 7 20 theme compounds 1482:1490 arg1 food 1443:1446 an effective healthcare food and source 1419:1457 food 1443:1446 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 7 20 theme compounds 1482:1490 arg1 HEO‑A 1400:1404 HEO‑A 1400:1404 HEO‑A 1400:1404 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 6 21 dep 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl 1246:1274 arg1 radicals 1363:1370 diammonium radicals 1352:1370 diammonium radicals 1352:1370 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 1 22 theme carbohydrate 116:127 arg1 Oligosaccharide 96:110 Oligosaccharide 96:110 Oligosaccharide 96:110 Oligosaccharide are carbohydrate molecules, comprising repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. 25529054 1 22 theme carbohydrate 116:127 arg1 molecules 129:137 carbohydrate molecules 116:137 carbohydrate molecules 116:137 Oligosaccharide are carbohydrate molecules, comprising repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. 25529054 3 23 theme crude 412:416 arg1 oligosaccharides 432:447 crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides 412:447 crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides 412:447 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 4 24 theme layer 831:835 arg1 chromatography 837:850 thin layer chromatography 826:850 thin layer chromatography 826:850 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 4 25 theme infrared 853:860 arg1 spectroscopy 862:873 infrared spectroscopy 853:873 infrared spectroscopy 853:873 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 4 26 theme structural 722:731 arg1 features 733:740 The structural features 718:740 The structural features of HEO‑A 718:749 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 0 27 theme antioxidant 16:26 arg1 activity 28:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 4 28 theme magnetic 884:891 arg1 resonance 893:901 nuclear magnetic resonance 876:901 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 876:914 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 3 29 theme major 642:646 arg1 fraction 664:671 one major oligosaccharide fraction 638:671 one major oligosaccharide fraction 638:671 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 6 30 theme biochemical 1177:1187 arg1 methods 1189:1195 three biochemical methods 1171:1195 three biochemical methods 1171:1195 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 0 31 theme water-soluble 40:52 arg1 oligosaccharides 54:69 water-soluble oligosaccharides 40:69 water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus 40:93 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 4 32 theme component 804:812 arg1 analysis 814:821 monosaccharide component analysis 789:821 monosaccharide component analysis 789:821 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 2 33 theme recent 207:212 arg1 years 214:218 recent years 207:218 recent years 207:218 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 3 34 theme erinaceus 683:691 arg1 HEO‑A 710:714 HEO‑A 710:714 HEO‑A 710:714 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 34 theme erinaceus 683:691 arg1 oligosaccharide 693:707 Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide 674:707 Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A) 674:715 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 35 theme fruiting 473:480 arg1 bodies 482:487 the fruiting bodies 469:487 the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 469:509 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 0 36 from erinaceus 85:93 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 0 36 from erinaceus 85:93 arg1 activity 28:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 0 36 from erinaceus 85:93 arg1 oligosaccharides 54:69 water-soluble oligosaccharides 40:69 water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus 40:93 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 4 37 theme electron 926:933 arg1 microscopy 935:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 2 38 theme oligosaccharides 245:260 arg1 number 235:240 an increasing number 221:240 an increasing number of oligosaccharides 221:260 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 4 39 theme analysis 814:821 arg1 combination 774:784 a combination 772:784 a combination of monosaccharide component analysis 772:821 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 0 40 theme oligosaccharides 54:69 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 0 40 theme oligosaccharides 54:69 arg1 activity 28:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 3 41 theme Hericium 674:681 arg1 HEO‑A 710:714 HEO‑A 710:714 HEO‑A 710:714 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 41 theme Hericium 674:681 arg1 oligosaccharide 693:707 Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide 674:707 Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A) 674:715 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 1 42 theme repeating 151:159 arg1 units 161:165 repeating units 151:165 repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds 151:201 Oligosaccharide are carbohydrate molecules, comprising repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. 25529054 6 43 theme diammonium 1352:1361 arg1 radicals 1363:1370 diammonium radicals 1352:1370 diammonium radicals 1352:1370 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 2 44 theme increasing 224:233 arg1 number 235:240 an increasing number 221:240 an increasing number of oligosaccharides 221:260 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 45 theme various 292:298 arg1 immune-stimulation 344:361 immune-stimulation 344:361 immune-stimulation 344:361 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 45 theme various 292:298 arg1 activities 311:320 various biological activities 292:320 various biological activities 292:320 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 45 theme various 292:298 arg1 antitumor 333:341 antitumor 333:341 antitumor 333:341 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 2 45 theme various 292:298 arg1 effects 381:387 antioxidation effects 367:387 antioxidation effects 367:387 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 4 46 theme thin 826:829 arg1 chromatography 837:850 thin layer chromatography 826:850 thin layer chromatography 826:850 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 5 47 theme average 1079:1085 arg1 size 1097:1100 the average molecular size 1075:1100 the average molecular size 1075:1100 The results indicated that HEO‑A was composed of D‑xylose and D‑glucose, and the average molecular size was ~1,877 Da. 25529054 5 47 theme average 1079:1085 arg1 Da 1113:1114 ~1,877 Da 1106:1114 ~1,877 Da 1106:1114 The results indicated that HEO‑A was composed of D‑xylose and D‑glucose, and the average molecular size was ~1,877 Da. 25529054 4 48 theme nuclear 876:882 arg1 resonance 893:901 nuclear magnetic resonance 876:901 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 876:914 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 4 49 theme resonance 893:901 arg1 spectroscopy 903:914 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 876:914 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 876:914 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 6 50 theme 3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic 1314:1344 arg1 ‑azino‑bis 1303:1312 2,2'‑azino‑bis 1299:1312 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) 1299:1350 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 6 50 theme 3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic 1314:1344 arg1 acid 1346:1349 3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid 1314:1349 3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid 1314:1349 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 2 51 theme antioxidation 367:379 arg1 effects 381:387 antioxidation effects 367:387 antioxidation effects 367:387 In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. 25529054 7 52 theme effective 1422:1430 arg1 food 1443:1446 an effective healthcare food and source 1419:1457 food 1443:1446 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 7 52 theme effective 1422:1430 arg1 HEO‑A 1400:1404 HEO‑A 1400:1404 HEO‑A 1400:1404 The results indicated that HEO‑A may serve as an effective healthcare food and source of natural antioxidant compounds. 25529054 6 53 theme HEO‑A 1237:1241 arg1 activity 1225:1232 the scavenging activity 1210:1232 the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals 1210:1370 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 4 54 theme scanning 917:924 arg1 microscopy 935:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 6 55 from activity 1225:1232 arg1 ‑azino‑bis 1303:1312 2,2'‑azino‑bis 1299:1312 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) 1299:1350 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 6 55 from activity 1225:1232 arg1 acid 1346:1349 3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid 1314:1349 3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid 1314:1349 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 6 55 from activity 1225:1232 arg1 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl 1246:1274 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl 1246:1274 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl 1246:1274 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 6 55 from activity 1225:1232 arg1 peroxide 1286:1293 hydrogen peroxide 1277:1293 hydrogen peroxide 1277:1293 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 3 56 theme Sephadex 591:598 arg1 chromatography 613:626 diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography 556:626 chromatography 613:626 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 4 57 theme HEO‑A 745:749 arg1 features 733:740 The structural features 718:740 The structural features of HEO‑A 718:749 The structural features of HEO‑A were investigated by a combination of monosaccharide component analysis by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high‑performance gel permeation chromatography. 25529054 6 58 theme HEO‑A 1145:1149 arg1 activity 1133:1140 The antioxidant activity 1117:1140 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A 1117:1149 The antioxidant activity of HEO‑A was evaluated using three biochemical methods to determine the scavenging activity of HEO‑A on 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzthiazoline‑6‑sufonic acid) diammonium radicals. 25529054 0 59 theme Hericium 76:83 arg1 erinaceus 85:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 0 60 from activity 28:35 arg1 erinaceus 85:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. 25529054 3 61 theme water‑soluble 418:430 arg1 oligosaccharides 432:447 crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides 412:447 crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides 412:447 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 25529054 3 62 theme G‑100 600:604 arg1 chromatography 613:626 diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography 556:626 chromatography 613:626 In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A). 28115093 3 0 from existing 461:468 arg1 turmeric 473:480 turmeric 473:480 turmeric 473:480 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 1 1 theme drug 220:223 arg1 applications 234:245 drug delivery applications 220:245 drug delivery applications 220:245 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 10 2 from changes 1749:1755 arg1 activity 1770:1777 metabolic activity 1760:1777 metabolic activity of cancer cells 1760:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 11 3 theme membrane 1967:1974 arg1 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 11 3 theme membrane 1967:1974 arg1 potential 1976:1984 mitochondrial membrane potential 1953:1984 mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) 1953:1993 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 11 4 with treatment 2038:2046 arg1 κ-Car-Cur 2053:2061 κ-Car-Cur 2053:2061 κ-Car-Cur 2053:2061 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 10 5 theme characteristic 1810:1823 arg1 changes 1749:1755 changes 1749:1755 changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells 1749:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 5 theme characteristic 1810:1823 arg1 features 1825:1832 the unique characteristic features 1799:1832 the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis 1799:1854 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 5 theme characteristic 1810:1823 arg1 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition of cell growth 1719:1743 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 9 6 theme higher 1542:1547 arg1 cytotoxicity 1549:1560 higher cytotoxicity 1542:1560 higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells 1542:1590 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 1 7 theme drug 144:147 arg1 carrier 149:155 a natural drug carrier 134:155 a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications 134:245 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 3 8 used used 506:509 arg2 existing 461:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 8 used used 506:509 arg2 agent 538:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 8 used used 506:509 arg2 Curcumin 416:423 Curcumin 416:423 Curcumin (Cur) 416:429 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 10 9 theme apoptosis 1846:1854 arg1 changes 1749:1755 changes 1749:1755 changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells 1749:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 9 theme apoptosis 1846:1854 arg1 features 1825:1832 the unique characteristic features 1799:1832 the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis 1799:1854 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 9 theme apoptosis 1846:1854 arg1 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition of cell growth 1719:1743 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 8 10 from microenvironments 1419:1435 arg1 present 1402:1408 present 1402:1408 present 1402:1408 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 3 11 theme food 524:527 arg1 agent 538:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 11 theme food 524:527 arg1 existing 461:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 9 12 theme cancer 1579:1584 arg1 cells 1586:1590 selected cancer cells 1570:1590 selected cancer cells 1570:1590 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 3 13 theme spice 514:518 arg1 agent 538:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 13 theme spice 514:518 arg1 existing 461:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 5 14 theme primary 778:784 arg1 approach 786:793 the primary approach 774:793 the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan 774:853 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 8 15 with active 1309:1314 arg1 condition 1392:1400 the favorable condition 1378:1400 the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments 1378:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 15 with active 1309:1314 arg1 release 1353:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 0 16 from curcumin 52:59 arg1 cells 71:75 cancer cells 64:75 cancer cells 64:75 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 4 17 theme interesting 652:662 arg1 approach 664:671 a very interesting approach 645:671 a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications 645:708 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 5 18 theme cancer 972:977 arg1 A549 986:989 A549 986:989 A549 986:989 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 5 18 theme cancer 972:977 arg1 cells 979:983 selected lung cancer cells 958:983 selected lung cancer cells (A549) 958:990 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 8 19 theme cumulative 1342:1351 arg1 condition 1392:1400 the favorable condition 1378:1400 the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments 1378:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 19 theme cumulative 1342:1351 arg1 release 1353:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 7 20 theme Cur 1240:1242 arg1 stability 1203:1211 good stability 1198:1211 good stability 1198:1211 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 7 20 theme Cur 1240:1242 arg1 release 1229:1235 successful release 1218:1235 successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) 1218:1267 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 7 20 theme Cur 1240:1242 arg1 efficiency 1186:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 8 21 from pH 1326:1327 arg1 release 1292:1298 The drug release 1283:1298 The drug release 1283:1298 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 21 from pH 1326:1327 arg1 active 1309:1314 active 1309:1314 active 1309:1314 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 5 22 theme Curcumin 827:834 arg1 loading 816:822 the loading 812:822 the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan 812:853 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 9 23 theme cellular 1642:1649 arg1 apoptosis 1651:1659 cellular apoptosis 1642:1659 cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells 1642:1680 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 0 24 theme cancer 64:69 arg1 cells 71:75 cancer cells 64:75 cancer cells 64:75 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 8 25 theme % 1366:1366 arg1 condition 1392:1400 the favorable condition 1378:1400 the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments 1378:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 25 theme % 1366:1366 arg1 release 1353:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 5 26 theme active 898:903 arg1 drug 905:908 an active drug 895:908 which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier 877:916 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 9 27 theme cancer 1669:1674 arg1 cells 1676:1680 A549 cancer cells 1664:1680 A549 cancer cells 1664:1680 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 12 28 theme potential 2106:2114 arg1 tool 2164:2167 a promising tool 2152:2167 a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level 2152:2207 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 12 28 theme potential 2106:2114 arg1 outline 2116:2122 the potential outline 2102:2122 the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur 2102:2147 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 4 29 theme drug 683:686 arg1 applications 697:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 7 30 theme successful 1218:1227 arg1 release 1229:1235 successful release 1218:1235 successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) 1218:1267 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 12 31 theme study 2075:2079 arg1 outcomes 2081:2088 the study outcomes 2071:2088 the study outcomes 2071:2088 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 9 32 theme in 1442:1443 arg1 studies 1473:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies 1438:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur 1438:1492 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 10 33 theme cell 1733:1736 arg1 growth 1738:1743 cell growth 1733:1743 cell growth 1733:1743 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 0 34 theme drug 28:31 arg1 carrier 33:39 An effective drug carrier 15:39 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 0:100 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 9 35 theme cellular 1451:1458 arg1 studies 1473:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies 1438:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur 1438:1492 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 7 36 theme good 1198:1201 arg1 stability 1203:1211 good stability 1198:1211 good stability 1198:1211 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 6 37 dep synthesized 1017:1027 arg1 followed 1059:1066 followed 1059:1066 followed by freeze drying 1059:1083 Thus, the κ-Car-Cur was synthesized by solvent evaporation method followed by freeze drying, and it was further characterized. 28115093 3 38 theme yellow-orange 436:448 arg1 Curcumin 416:423 Curcumin 416:423 Curcumin (Cur) 416:429 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 38 theme yellow-orange 436:448 arg1 agent 538:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 38 theme yellow-orange 436:448 arg1 existing 461:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 5 39 theme lung 967:970 arg1 A549 986:989 A549 986:989 A549 986:989 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 5 39 theme lung 967:970 arg1 cells 979:983 selected lung cancer cells 958:983 selected lung cancer cells (A549) 958:990 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 6 40 theme evaporation 1040:1050 arg1 method 1052:1057 solvent evaporation method 1032:1057 solvent evaporation method 1032:1057 Thus, the κ-Car-Cur was synthesized by solvent evaporation method followed by freeze drying, and it was further characterized. 28115093 2 41 theme edible 301:306 arg1 seaweeds 312:319 edible red seaweeds 301:319 edible red seaweeds 301:319 κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. 28115093 4 42 from approach 664:671 arg1 applications 697:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 1 43 theme κ-Carrageenan 194:206 arg1 polymers 178:185 seaweed derived polymers 162:185 seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) 162:214 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 9 44 theme κ-Car-Cur 1484:1492 arg1 studies 1473:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies 1438:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur 1438:1492 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 7 45 theme high 1167:1170 arg1 efficiency 1186:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 4 46 theme ultimate 549:556 arg1 use 558:560 The ultimate use 545:560 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, 545:632 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 10 47 from inhibition 1719:1728 arg1 activity 1770:1777 metabolic activity 1760:1777 metabolic activity of cancer cells 1760:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 5 48 theme drug 936:939 arg1 delivery 941:948 drug delivery 936:948 drug delivery 936:948 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 10 49 theme cancer 1782:1787 arg1 cells 1789:1793 cancer cells 1782:1793 cancer cells 1782:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 9 50 theme κ-Car-Cur 1513:1521 arg1 composites 1523:1532 κ-Car-Cur composites 1513:1532 κ-Car-Cur composites 1513:1532 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 8 51 from present 1402:1408 arg1 microenvironments 1419:1435 tumor microenvironments 1413:1435 tumor microenvironments 1413:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 0 52 dep carrier 33:39 arg1 induce 84:89 induce 84:89 to induce apoptosis 81:99 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 0 52 dep carrier 33:39 arg1 deliver 44:50 deliver 44:50 to deliver curcumin in cancer cells 41:75 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 1 53 theme delivery 225:232 arg1 applications 234:245 drug delivery applications 220:245 drug delivery applications 220:245 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 10 54 theme unique 1803:1808 arg1 changes 1749:1755 changes 1749:1755 changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells 1749:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 54 theme unique 1803:1808 arg1 features 1825:1832 the unique characteristic features 1799:1832 the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis 1799:1854 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 54 theme unique 1803:1808 arg1 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition of cell growth 1719:1743 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 1 55 theme natural 136:142 arg1 carrier 149:155 a natural drug carrier 134:155 a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications 134:245 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 9 56 theme selected 1570:1577 arg1 cells 1586:1590 selected cancer cells 1570:1590 selected cancer cells 1570:1590 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 6 57 theme freeze 1071:1076 arg1 drying 1078:1083 freeze drying 1071:1083 freeze drying 1071:1083 Thus, the κ-Car-Cur was synthesized by solvent evaporation method followed by freeze drying, and it was further characterized. 28115093 4 58 theme natural 616:622 arg1 polymers 624:631 natural polymers 616:631 natural polymers 616:631 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 10 59 theme cellular 1837:1844 arg1 apoptosis 1846:1854 cellular apoptosis 1837:1854 cellular apoptosis 1837:1854 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 1 60 theme seaweed 162:168 arg1 polymers 178:185 seaweed derived polymers 162:185 seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) 162:214 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 8 61 theme acidic 1319:1324 arg1 pH 1326:1327 acidic pH 5.0 1319:1331 acidic pH 5.0 1319:1331 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 4 62 theme composites 575:584 arg1 use 558:560 The ultimate use 545:560 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, 545:632 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 2 63 theme red 308:310 arg1 seaweeds 312:319 edible red seaweeds 301:319 edible red seaweeds 301:319 κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. 28115093 9 64 theme free 1597:1600 arg1 Cur 1602:1604 free Cur 1597:1604 free Cur 1597:1604 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 1 65 dep κ-Carrageenan 194:206 arg1 κ-Car 209:213 κ-Car 209:213 κ-Car 209:213 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 10 66 theme reactive 1865:1872 arg1 ROS 1890:1892 ROS 1890:1892 ROS 1890:1892 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 66 theme reactive 1865:1872 arg1 species 1881:1887 reactive oxygen species 1865:1887 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1865:1904 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 3 67 theme coloring 529:536 arg1 agent 538:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 67 theme coloring 529:536 arg1 existing 461:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 8 68 attach present 1402:1408 arg2 release 1353:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 68 attach present 1402:1408 arg2 condition 1392:1400 the favorable condition 1378:1400 the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments 1378:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 68 attach present 1402:1408 arg1 microenvironments 1419:1435 tumor microenvironments 1413:1435 tumor microenvironments 1413:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 12 69 theme κ-Car-Cur 2139:2147 arg1 use 2132:2134 the use 2128:2134 the use of κ-Car-Cur 2128:2147 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 8 70 theme drug 1287:1290 arg1 release 1292:1298 The drug release 1283:1298 The drug release 1283:1298 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 70 theme drug 1287:1290 arg1 active 1309:1314 active 1309:1314 active 1309:1314 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 11 71 theme mitochondrial 1953:1965 arg1 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 11 71 theme mitochondrial 1953:1965 arg1 potential 1976:1984 mitochondrial membrane potential 1953:1984 mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) 1953:1993 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 12 72 theme promising 2154:2162 arg1 tool 2164:2167 a promising tool 2152:2167 a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level 2152:2207 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 12 72 theme promising 2154:2162 arg1 outline 2116:2122 the potential outline 2102:2122 the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur 2102:2147 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 1 73 theme current 106:112 arg1 study 114:118 The current study 102:118 The current study 102:118 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 11 74 from decrease 1941:1948 arg1 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 ΔψmΔψm 1987:1992 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 11 74 from decrease 1941:1948 arg1 potential 1976:1984 mitochondrial membrane potential 1953:1984 mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) 1953:1993 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 9 75 dep in 1442:1443 arg1 vitro 1445:1449 vitro 1445:1449 vitro 1445:1449 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 10 76 theme species 1881:1887 arg1 generation 1895:1904 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1865:1904 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1865:1904 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 2 77 theme natural 259:265 arg1 polysaccharide 267:280 a natural polysaccharide 257:280 a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature 257:413 κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. 28115093 2 77 theme natural 259:265 arg1 κ-Car 248:252 κ-Car 248:252 κ-Car 248:252 κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. 28115093 9 78 theme A549 1664:1667 arg1 cells 1676:1680 A549 cancer cells 1664:1680 A549 cancer cells 1664:1680 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 1 79 link derived 170:176 arg1 polymers 178:185 seaweed derived polymers 162:185 seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) 162:214 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 1 80 theme derived 170:176 arg1 polymers 178:185 seaweed derived polymers 162:185 seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) 162:214 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 5 81 theme drug 905:908 arg1 carrier 910:916 which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier 877:916 which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier 877:916 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 8 82 theme favorable 1382:1390 arg1 condition 1392:1400 the favorable condition 1378:1400 the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments 1378:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 82 theme favorable 1382:1390 arg1 release 1353:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 5 83 theme which 877:881 arg1 carrier 910:916 which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier 877:916 which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier 877:916 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 7 84 from carrier 1253:1259 arg1 stability 1203:1211 good stability 1198:1211 good stability 1198:1211 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 7 84 from carrier 1253:1259 arg1 release 1229:1235 successful release 1218:1235 successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) 1218:1267 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 7 84 from carrier 1253:1259 arg1 efficiency 1186:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 8 85 theme present 1402:1408 arg1 condition 1392:1400 the favorable condition 1378:1400 the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments 1378:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 8 85 theme present 1402:1408 arg1 release 1353:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 the cumulative release 1338:1359 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 4 86 theme recent 676:681 arg1 applications 697:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 0 87 theme effective 18:26 arg1 carrier 33:39 An effective drug carrier 15:39 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 0:100 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 11 88 theme cellular 2012:2019 arg1 apoptosis 2021:2029 a cellular apoptosis 2010:2029 a cellular apoptosis 2010:2029 It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. 28115093 8 89 theme tumor 1413:1417 arg1 microenvironments 1419:1435 tumor microenvironments 1413:1435 tumor microenvironments 1413:1435 The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. 28115093 10 90 theme growth 1738:1743 arg1 changes 1749:1755 changes 1749:1755 changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells 1749:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 90 theme growth 1738:1743 arg1 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition 1719:1728 inhibition of cell growth 1719:1743 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 90 theme growth 1738:1743 arg1 features 1825:1832 the unique characteristic features 1799:1832 the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis 1799:1854 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 4 91 theme delivery 688:695 arg1 applications 697:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 recent drug delivery applications 676:708 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 10 92 theme oxygen 1874:1879 arg1 ROS 1890:1892 ROS 1890:1892 ROS 1890:1892 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 10 92 theme oxygen 1874:1879 arg1 species 1881:1887 reactive oxygen species 1865:1887 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1865:1904 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 1 93 with carrier 149:155 arg1 polymers 178:185 seaweed derived polymers 162:185 seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) 162:214 The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. 28115093 5 94 theme selected 958:965 arg1 A549 986:989 A549 986:989 A549 986:989 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 5 94 theme selected 958:965 arg1 cells 979:983 selected lung cancer cells 958:983 selected lung cancer cells (A549) 958:990 In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). 28115093 7 95 theme encapsulation 1172:1184 arg1 efficiency 1186:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 the high encapsulation efficiency 1163:1195 From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. 28115093 10 96 theme metabolic 1760:1768 arg1 activity 1770:1777 metabolic activity 1760:1777 metabolic activity of cancer cells 1760:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 12 97 theme intracellular 2189:2201 arg1 level 2203:2207 intracellular level 2189:2207 intracellular level 2189:2207 Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level. 28115093 3 98 theme polyphenol 450:459 arg1 Curcumin 416:423 Curcumin 416:423 Curcumin (Cur) 416:429 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 98 theme polyphenol 450:459 arg1 agent 538:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 spice and food coloring agent 514:542 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 3 98 theme polyphenol 450:459 arg1 existing 461:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 a yellow-orange polyphenol existing 434:468 Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. 28115093 0 99 dep κ-Carrageenan 0:12 arg1 carrier 33:39 An effective drug carrier 15:39 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 0:100 κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. 28115093 9 100 theme applications 1460:1471 arg1 studies 1473:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies 1438:1479 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur 1438:1492 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 9 101 from apoptosis 1651:1659 arg1 cells 1676:1680 A549 cancer cells 1664:1680 A549 cancer cells 1664:1680 The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. 28115093 6 102 theme solvent 1032:1038 arg1 method 1052:1057 solvent evaporation method 1032:1057 solvent evaporation method 1032:1057 Thus, the κ-Car-Cur was synthesized by solvent evaporation method followed by freeze drying, and it was further characterized. 28115093 2 103 dep available 338:346 arg1 nature 408:413 nature 408:413 nature 408:413 κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. 28115093 2 103 dep available 338:346 arg1 they 322:325 they 322:325 they 322:325 κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. 28115093 4 104 theme polymeric 565:573 arg1 composites 575:584 polymeric composites 565:584 polymeric composites 565:584 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 4 104 theme polymeric 565:573 arg1 those 598:602 those 598:602 those 598:602 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 28115093 10 105 theme cells 1789:1793 arg1 activity 1770:1777 metabolic activity 1760:1777 metabolic activity of cancer cells 1760:1793 Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28115093 4 106 theme biological 741:750 arg1 origin 752:757 biological origin 741:757 biological origin 741:757 The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. 29183739 7 0 theme substrate 763:771 arg1 specificity 773:783 wide substrate specificity 758:783 wide substrate specificity toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose 758:833 AgaB displayed wide substrate specificity toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, with a Km of 0.42, 12.1, 17.0 and 25.4mM, respectively. 29183739 7 1 theme 0.42 849:852 arg1 Km 843:844 a Km 841:844 a Km of 0.42, 12.1, 17.0 and 25.4mM 841:875 AgaB displayed wide substrate specificity toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, with a Km of 0.42, 12.1, 17.0 and 25.4mM, respectively. 29183739 4 2 dep Clostridium 544:554 arg1 stercorarium 556:567 stercorarium 556:567 stercorarium 556:567 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 8 3 attach present 956:962 arg1 milk 975:978 soybean milk 967:978 soybean milk at 37°C within 4h 967:996 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 8 3 attach present 956:962 arg2 raffinose 932:940 raffinose 932:940 raffinose 932:940 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 0 4 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 degradation 97:107 degradation 97:107 degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides 97:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 0 4 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 megaterium 63:72 Bacillus megaterium 54:72 Bacillus megaterium 54:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 4 5 theme highest 447:453 arg1 identity 455:462 the highest identity 443:462 the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 443:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 8 6 from present 956:962 arg1 milk 975:978 soybean milk 967:978 soybean milk at 37°C within 4h 967:996 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 9 7 theme favorable 1032:1040 arg1 properties 1042:1051 These favorable properties 1026:1051 These favorable properties 1026:1051 These favorable properties make AgaB a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries. 29183739 0 8 theme raffinose 112:120 arg1 oligosaccharides 129:144 raffinose family oligosaccharides 112:144 raffinose family oligosaccharides 112:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 5 9 theme specific 597:604 arg1 activity 606:613 a specific activity 595:613 a specific activity of 362.6U/mg 595:626 The enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 362.6U/mg at 37°C and pH 6.8. 29183739 3 10 theme AgaB 391:394 arg1 structure 363:371 The native structure 352:371 The native structure of the recombined AgaB 352:394 The native structure of the recombined AgaB was determined to be a homotrimer. 29183739 3 10 theme AgaB 391:394 arg1 homotrimer 419:428 a homotrimer 417:428 a homotrimer 417:428 The native structure of the recombined AgaB was determined to be a homotrimer. 29183739 8 11 theme present 956:962 arg1 raffinose 932:940 raffinose 932:940 raffinose 932:940 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 4 12 from F-9 569:571 arg1 α-galactosidase 523:537 α-galactosidase 523:537 α-galactosidase 523:537 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 5 13 theme 362.6U/mg 618:626 arg1 activity 606:613 a specific activity 595:613 a specific activity of 362.6U/mg 595:626 The enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 362.6U/mg at 37°C and pH 6.8. 29183739 6 14 theme strong 666:671 arg1 resistance 673:682 strong resistance 666:682 strong resistance to proteases 666:695 The enzyme showed strong resistance to proteases and great tolerance to galactose (Ki=12.5mM). 29183739 4 15 theme α-galactosidase 523:537 arg1 family 513:518 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 476:521 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 476:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 8 16 theme soybean 967:973 arg1 milk 975:978 soybean milk 967:978 soybean milk at 37°C within 4h 967:996 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 2 17 theme amino 296:300 arg1 acids 302:306 741 amino acids 292:306 741 amino acids 292:306 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 9 18 dep food 1109:1112 arg1 the 1105:1107 the 1105:1107 the 1105:1107 These favorable properties make AgaB a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries. 29183739 9 18 dep food 1109:1112 arg1 industries 1123:1132 industries 1123:1132 industries 1123:1132 These favorable properties make AgaB a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries. 29183739 1 19 theme Bacillus 188:195 arg1 3-7 208:210 Bacillus megaterium 3-7 188:210 Bacillus megaterium 3-7 188:210 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 0 20 theme novel 22:26 arg1 α-galactosidase 33:47 a novel GH36 α-galactosidase 20:47 a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium 20:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 8 21 from 37°C 983:986 arg1 milk 975:978 soybean milk 967:978 soybean milk at 37°C within 4h 967:996 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 0 22 theme oligosaccharides 129:144 arg1 degradation 97:107 degradation 97:107 degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides 97:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 3 23 theme native 356:361 arg1 structure 363:371 The native structure 352:371 The native structure of the recombined AgaB 352:394 The native structure of the recombined AgaB was determined to be a homotrimer. 29183739 3 23 theme native 356:361 arg1 homotrimer 419:428 a homotrimer 417:428 a homotrimer 417:428 The native structure of the recombined AgaB was determined to be a homotrimer. 29183739 4 24 theme Clostridium 544:554 arg1 F-9 569:571 Clostridium stercorarium F-9 544:571 Clostridium stercorarium F-9 544:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 0 25 theme family 122:127 arg1 oligosaccharides 129:144 raffinose family oligosaccharides 112:144 raffinose family oligosaccharides 112:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 0 26 from application 82:92 arg1 degradation 97:107 degradation 97:107 degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides 97:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 0 26 from application 82:92 arg1 megaterium 63:72 Bacillus megaterium 54:72 Bacillus megaterium 54:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 9 27 from applications 1089:1100 arg1 feed 1118:1121 feed 1118:1121 feed 1118:1121 These favorable properties make AgaB a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries. 29183739 9 27 from applications 1089:1100 arg1 food 1109:1112 food 1109:1112 food 1109:1112 These favorable properties make AgaB a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries. 29183739 0 28 theme α-galactosidase 33:47 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium 0:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 0 28 theme α-galactosidase 33:47 arg1 application 82:92 its application 78:92 its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides 78:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 8 29 from milk 975:978 arg1 present 956:962 present 956:962 present 956:962 Furthermore, AgaB completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybean milk at 37°C within 4h when combined with trypsin. 29183739 0 30 theme GH36 28:31 arg1 α-galactosidase 33:47 a novel GH36 α-galactosidase 20:47 a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium 20:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 4 31 theme glycosyl 494:501 arg1 family 513:518 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 476:521 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 476:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 1 32 dep Bacillus 188:195 arg1 megaterium 197:206 megaterium 197:206 megaterium 197:206 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 9 33 theme potential 1065:1073 arg1 candidate 1075:1083 a potential candidate 1063:1083 a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries 1063:1132 These favorable properties make AgaB a potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries. 29183739 4 34 theme characterized 480:492 arg1 family 513:518 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 476:521 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 476:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 0 35 from megaterium 63:72 arg1 α-galactosidase 33:47 a novel GH36 α-galactosidase 20:47 a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium 20:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 0 35 from megaterium 63:72 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium 0:72 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 0 35 from megaterium 63:72 arg1 application 82:92 its application 78:92 its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides 78:144 Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. 29183739 2 36 theme molecular 325:333 arg1 mass 335:338 a calculated molecular mass 312:338 a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa 312:349 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 3 37 theme recombined 380:389 arg1 AgaB 391:394 the recombined AgaB 376:394 the recombined AgaB 376:394 The native structure of the recombined AgaB was determined to be a homotrimer. 29183739 2 38 theme calculated 314:323 arg1 mass 335:338 a calculated molecular mass 312:338 a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa 312:349 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 4 39 theme hydrolase 503:511 arg1 family 513:518 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 476:521 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 476:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 2 40 with mass 335:338 arg1 acids 302:306 741 amino acids 292:306 741 amino acids 292:306 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 1 41 from 3-7 208:210 arg1 agaB 177:180 agaB 177:180 agaB 177:180 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 1 41 from 3-7 208:210 arg1 gene 171:174 A novel α-galactosidase gene 147:174 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 147:210 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 4 42 with % 469:469 arg1 family 513:518 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 476:521 the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 476:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 1 43 theme α-galactosidase 155:169 arg1 agaB 177:180 agaB 177:180 agaB 177:180 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 1 43 theme α-galactosidase 155:169 arg1 gene 171:174 A novel α-galactosidase gene 147:174 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 147:210 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 1 44 theme novel 149:153 arg1 agaB 177:180 agaB 177:180 agaB 177:180 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 1 44 theme novel 149:153 arg1 gene 171:174 A novel α-galactosidase gene 147:174 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 147:210 A novel α-galactosidase gene (agaB) from Bacillus megaterium 3-7 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. 29183739 2 45 with protein 279:285 arg1 acids 302:306 741 amino acids 292:306 741 amino acids 292:306 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 4 46 theme % 469:469 arg1 identity 455:462 the highest identity 443:462 the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9 443:571 AgaB showed the highest identity of 57% with the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 36 α-galactosidase from Clostridium stercorarium F-9. 29183739 6 47 theme great 701:705 arg1 tolerance 707:715 great tolerance 701:715 great tolerance to galactose (Ki=12.5mM) 701:740 The enzyme showed strong resistance to proteases and great tolerance to galactose (Ki=12.5mM). 29183739 2 48 theme 85.4kDa 343:349 arg1 protein 279:285 a protein 277:285 a protein with 741 amino acids 277:306 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 2 48 theme 85.4kDa 343:349 arg1 mass 335:338 a calculated molecular mass 312:338 a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa 312:349 The gene coded for a protein with 741 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 85.4kDa. 29183739 7 49 theme wide 758:761 arg1 specificity 773:783 wide substrate specificity 758:783 wide substrate specificity toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose 758:833 AgaB displayed wide substrate specificity toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, with a Km of 0.42, 12.1, 17.0 and 25.4mM, respectively. 29197053 5 0 theme elasticity 1121:1130 arg1 EM 1141:1142 EM 1141:1142 EM 1141:1142 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 0 theme elasticity 1121:1130 arg1 modulus 1132:1138 elasticity modulus 1121:1138 elasticity modulus (EM) 1121:1143 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 1 1 theme leather 153:159 arg1 industries 161:170 leather industries 153:170 leather industries 153:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 4 2 theme C 932:932 arg1 concentrations 914:927 increasing concentrations 903:927 increasing concentrations of C 903:932 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 9 3 from application 1790:1800 arg1 industry 1839:1846 packaging industry 1829:1846 packaging industry 1829:1846 These results demonstrate the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry. 29197053 5 4 dep significantly 1238:1250 arg1 p < 0.05 1253:1260 p < 0.05 1253:1260 p < 0.05 1253:1260 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 2 5 theme potential 356:364 arg1 films 401:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films 356:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes 356:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 5 6 theme CH 1225:1226 arg1 film 1228:1231 CH film 1225:1231 CH film 1225:1231 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 7 dep films 1202:1206 arg1 compared 1211:1218 compared 1211:1218 compared with CH film 1211:1231 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 2 8 theme polymeric 531:539 arg1 materials 541:549 polymeric materials 531:549 polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes 531:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 3 9 theme chemical 734:741 arg1 properties 743:752 its chemical properties 730:752 its chemical properties 730:752 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate was extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes and analyzed to determine its chemical properties. 29197053 5 10 theme vapor 1156:1160 arg1 WVP 1176:1178 WVP 1176:1178 WVP 1176:1178 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 10 theme vapor 1156:1160 arg1 permeability 1162:1173 water vapor permeability 1150:1173 water vapor permeability (WVP) 1150:1179 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 4 11 theme CH 818:819 arg1 performance 803:813 the physico-chemical performance 782:813 the physico-chemical performance of CH 782:819 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 4 12 theme physico-chemical 786:801 arg1 performance 803:813 the physico-chemical performance 782:813 the physico-chemical performance of CH 782:819 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 7 13 theme total 1604:1608 arg1 miscibility 1610:1620 total miscibility 1604:1620 total miscibility between both polymers 1604:1642 The structural properties investigated by FTIR and DSC showed total miscibility between both polymers. 29197053 4 14 theme increasing 903:912 arg1 concentrations 914:927 increasing concentrations 903:927 increasing concentrations of C 903:932 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 0 15 with wastes 74:79 arg1 chitosan 86:93 chitosan 86:93 chitosan 86:93 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate extracted from leather solid wastes with chitosan. 29197053 2 16 theme environmentally 366:380 arg1 films 401:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films 356:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes 356:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 6 17 theme transparency 1392:1403 arg1 values 1382:1387 low values 1378:1387 low values of transparency 1378:1403 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 4 18 dep films 847:851 arg1 CH75/C25 854:861 CH75/C25 854:861 CH75/C25 854:861 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 4 18 dep films 847:851 arg1 CH25/C75 874:881 CH25/C75 874:881 CH25/C75 874:881 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 4 18 dep films 847:851 arg1 CH50/C50 864:871 CH50/C50 864:871 CH50/C50 864:871 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 9 19 theme CH/C 1805:1808 arg1 films 1820:1824 CH/C composite films 1805:1824 CH/C composite films 1805:1824 These results demonstrate the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry. 29197053 9 20 theme potential 1780:1788 arg1 application 1790:1800 the potential application 1776:1800 the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry 1776:1846 These results demonstrate the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry. 29197053 2 21 theme solid 462:466 arg1 wastes 468:473 leather solid wastes 454:473 leather solid wastes 454:473 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 4 22 theme physical 953:960 arg1 properties 977:986 their physical and functional properties 947:986 their physical and functional properties 947:986 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 2 23 theme collagen 413:420 arg1 CH 435:436 CH 435:436 CH 435:436 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 2 23 theme collagen 413:420 arg1 hydrolysate 422:432 collagen hydrolysate 413:432 collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) 413:490 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 5 24 theme C 1051:1051 arg1 addition 1039:1046 the addition 1035:1046 the addition of C 1035:1051 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 25 theme water 1150:1154 arg1 WVP 1176:1178 WVP 1176:1178 WVP 1176:1178 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 25 theme water 1150:1154 arg1 permeability 1162:1173 water vapor permeability 1150:1173 water vapor permeability (WVP) 1150:1179 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 8 26 theme Scanning 1645:1652 arg1 micrographs 1663:1673 Scanning electron micrographs 1645:1673 Scanning electron micrographs 1645:1673 Scanning electron micrographs revealed that CH/C composite films showed a compact homogeneous structure. 29197053 1 27 theme increased 180:188 arg1 use 190:192 the increased use 176:192 the increased use of synthetic packaging films 176:221 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 0 28 theme Film-forming 0:11 arg1 ability 13:19 Film-forming ability 0:19 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate 0:43 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate extracted from leather solid wastes with chitosan. 29197053 1 29 theme environmental 272:284 arg1 impacts 286:292 their environmental impacts 266:292 their environmental impacts 266:292 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 8 30 theme homogeneous 1727:1737 arg1 structure 1739:1747 a compact homogeneous structure 1717:1747 a compact homogeneous structure 1717:1747 Scanning electron micrographs revealed that CH/C composite films showed a compact homogeneous structure. 29197053 2 31 dep development 320:330 arg1 the 316:318 the 316:318 the 316:318 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 2 32 theme films 401:405 arg1 characterization 336:351 characterization 336:351 characterization 336:351 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 2 32 theme films 401:405 arg1 development 320:330 development 320:330 development 320:330 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 0 33 theme collagen 24:31 arg1 hydrolysate 33:43 collagen hydrolysate 24:43 collagen hydrolysate 24:43 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate extracted from leather solid wastes with chitosan. 29197053 4 34 theme films 847:851 arg1 types 828:832 three types 822:832 three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) 822:882 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 5 35 theme tensile 1098:1104 arg1 TS 1116:1117 TS 1116:1117 TS 1116:1117 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 35 theme tensile 1098:1104 arg1 strength 1106:1113 tensile strength 1098:1113 tensile strength (TS) 1098:1118 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 6 36 theme UV 1532:1533 arg1 light 1535:1539 UV light 1532:1539 UV light 1532:1539 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 modulus 1132:1138 elasticity modulus 1121:1138 elasticity modulus (EM) 1121:1143 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 strength 1106:1113 tensile strength 1098:1113 tensile strength (TS) 1098:1118 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 permeability 1162:1173 water vapor permeability 1150:1173 water vapor permeability (WVP) 1150:1179 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 TS 1116:1117 TS 1116:1117 TS 1116:1117 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 EM 1141:1142 EM 1141:1142 EM 1141:1142 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 thickness 1087:1095 the thickness 1083:1095 the thickness 1083:1095 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 37 from increase 1060:1067 arg1 WVP 1176:1178 WVP 1176:1178 WVP 1176:1178 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 6 38 theme barrier 1349:1355 arg1 measurements 1357:1368 The light barrier measurements 1339:1368 The light barrier measurements 1339:1368 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 7 39 theme structural 1546:1555 arg1 properties 1557:1566 The structural properties 1542:1566 The structural properties investigated by FTIR and DSC 1542:1595 The structural properties investigated by FTIR and DSC showed total miscibility between both polymers. 29197053 2 40 theme composite 391:399 arg1 films 401:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films 356:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes 356:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 3 41 theme leather 689:695 arg1 wastes 697:702 chromium-tanned leather wastes 673:702 chromium-tanned leather wastes 673:702 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate was extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes and analyzed to determine its chemical properties. 29197053 1 42 theme huge 110:113 arg1 quantities 115:124 huge quantities 110:124 huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries 110:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 8 43 theme CH/C 1689:1692 arg1 films 1704:1708 CH/C composite films 1689:1708 CH/C composite films 1689:1708 Scanning electron micrographs revealed that CH/C composite films showed a compact homogeneous structure. 29197053 1 44 theme synthetic 197:205 arg1 films 217:221 synthetic packaging films 197:221 synthetic packaging films 197:221 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 6 45 theme light 1343:1347 arg1 measurements 1357:1368 The light barrier measurements 1339:1368 The light barrier measurements 1339:1368 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 8 46 theme electron 1654:1661 arg1 micrographs 1663:1673 Scanning electron micrographs 1645:1673 Scanning electron micrographs 1645:1673 Scanning electron micrographs revealed that CH/C composite films showed a compact homogeneous structure. 29197053 2 47 theme suitable 551:558 arg1 materials 541:549 polymeric materials 531:549 polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes 531:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 3 48 theme Solid 613:617 arg1 hydrolysate 642:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate 613:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate 613:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate was extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes and analyzed to determine its chemical properties. 29197053 6 49 theme films 1427:1431 arg1 600 nm 1408:1413 600 nm 1408:1413 600 nm of the CH/C films 1408:1431 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 1 50 theme packaging 207:215 arg1 films 217:221 synthetic packaging films 197:221 synthetic packaging films 197:221 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 0 51 theme hydrolysate 33:43 arg1 ability 13:19 Film-forming ability 0:19 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate 0:43 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate extracted from leather solid wastes with chitosan. 29197053 6 52 theme low 1378:1380 arg1 values 1382:1387 low values 1378:1387 low values of transparency 1378:1403 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 2 53 theme leather 454:460 arg1 wastes 468:473 leather solid wastes 454:473 leather solid wastes 454:473 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 1 54 theme films 217:221 arg1 Discharges 96:105 Discharges 96:105 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries 96:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 1 54 theme films 217:221 arg1 use 190:192 the increased use 176:192 the increased use of synthetic packaging films 176:221 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 0 55 theme leather 60:66 arg1 wastes 74:79 leather solid wastes 60:79 leather solid wastes with chitosan 60:93 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate extracted from leather solid wastes with chitosan. 29197053 4 56 theme functional 966:975 arg1 properties 977:986 their physical and functional properties 947:986 their physical and functional properties 947:986 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 2 57 theme wrapping 594:601 arg1 purposes 603:610 wrapping purposes 594:610 wrapping purposes 594:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 3 58 theme chromium-tanned 673:687 arg1 wastes 697:702 chromium-tanned leather wastes 673:702 chromium-tanned leather wastes 673:702 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate was extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes and analyzed to determine its chemical properties. 29197053 5 59 theme films 1321:1325 arg1 EAB 1298:1300 break (EAB) 1291:1301 break (EAB) 1291:1301 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 5 59 theme films 1321:1325 arg1 solubility 1307:1316 solubility 1307:1316 solubility of films (p < 0.05) 1307:1336 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 1 60 theme quantities 115:124 arg1 Discharges 96:105 Discharges 96:105 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries 96:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 1 60 theme quantities 115:124 arg1 use 190:192 the increased use 176:192 the increased use of synthetic packaging films 176:221 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 6 61 contain have 1490:1493 arg1 they 1485:1488 they 1485:1488 they 1485:1488 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 6 61 contain have 1490:1493 arg2 properties 1513:1522 excellent barrier properties 1495:1522 excellent barrier properties 1495:1522 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 6 62 theme barrier 1505:1511 arg1 properties 1513:1522 excellent barrier properties 1495:1522 excellent barrier properties 1495:1522 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 6 63 theme CH/C 1422:1425 arg1 films 1427:1431 the CH/C films 1418:1431 the CH/C films 1418:1431 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 5 64 theme stronger 1193:1200 arg1 films 1202:1206 stronger films 1193:1206 stronger films as compared with CH film 1193:1231 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 3 65 theme collagen-based 619:632 arg1 hydrolysate 642:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate 613:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate 613:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate was extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes and analyzed to determine its chemical properties. 29197053 1 66 theme leather 129:135 arg1 wastes 143:148 leather solid wastes 129:148 leather solid wastes by leather industries 129:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 9 67 theme films 1820:1824 arg1 application 1790:1800 the potential application 1776:1800 the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry 1776:1846 These results demonstrate the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry. 29197053 6 68 theme excellent 1495:1503 arg1 properties 1513:1522 excellent barrier properties 1495:1522 excellent barrier properties 1495:1522 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 6 69 attach present 1370:1376 arg2 measurements 1357:1368 The light barrier measurements 1339:1368 The light barrier measurements 1339:1368 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 6 69 attach present 1370:1376 arg1 600 nm 1408:1413 600 nm 1408:1413 600 nm of the CH/C films 1408:1431 The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the CH/C films, indicating that the films are very transparent and they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. 29197053 1 70 theme solid 137:141 arg1 wastes 143:148 leather solid wastes 129:148 leather solid wastes by leather industries 129:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 5 71 theme break 1291:1295 arg1 EAB 1298:1300 break (EAB) 1291:1301 break (EAB) 1291:1301 The results indicated that the addition of C caused increase (p < 0.05) in the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elasticity modulus (EM), and water vapor permeability (WVP), leading to stronger films as compared with CH film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break (EAB) and solubility of films (p < 0.05). 29197053 3 72 theme protein 634:640 arg1 hydrolysate 642:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate 613:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate 613:652 Solid collagen-based protein hydrolysate was extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes and analyzed to determine its chemical properties. 29197053 8 73 theme compact 1719:1725 arg1 structure 1739:1747 a compact homogeneous structure 1717:1747 a compact homogeneous structure 1717:1747 Scanning electron micrographs revealed that CH/C composite films showed a compact homogeneous structure. 29197053 1 74 theme wastes 143:148 arg1 quantities 115:124 huge quantities 110:124 huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries 110:170 Discharges of huge quantities of leather solid wastes by leather industries and the increased use of synthetic packaging films have raised serious concerns on account of their environmental impacts. 29197053 9 75 theme packaging 1829:1837 arg1 industry 1839:1846 packaging industry 1829:1846 packaging industry 1829:1846 These results demonstrate the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry. 29197053 2 76 from applications 564:575 arg1 packaging 580:588 packaging 580:588 packaging 580:588 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 2 76 from applications 564:575 arg1 purposes 603:610 wrapping purposes 594:610 wrapping purposes 594:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 0 77 theme solid 68:72 arg1 wastes 74:79 leather solid wastes 60:79 leather solid wastes with chitosan 60:93 Film-forming ability of collagen hydrolysate extracted from leather solid wastes with chitosan. 29197053 4 78 theme composite 837:845 arg1 films 847:851 composite films 837:851 composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) 837:882 With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of CH, three types of composite films (CH75/C25, CH50/C50, CH25/C75) were prepared with increasing concentrations of C, and some of their physical and functional properties were characterized. 29197053 9 79 theme composite 1810:1818 arg1 films 1820:1824 CH/C composite films 1805:1824 CH/C composite films 1805:1824 These results demonstrate the potential application of CH/C composite films in packaging industry. 29197053 2 80 theme friendly 382:389 arg1 films 401:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films 356:405 potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes 356:610 The paper focuses on the development and characterization of potential environmentally friendly composite films using collagen hydrolysate (CH) extracted from leather solid wastes and chitosan (C) to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for applications in packaging and wrapping purposes. 29197053 8 81 theme composite 1694:1702 arg1 films 1704:1708 CH/C composite films 1689:1708 CH/C composite films 1689:1708 Scanning electron micrographs revealed that CH/C composite films showed a compact homogeneous structure. 24059756 5 0 theme functional 767:776 arg1 properties 778:787 Improved functional properties 758:787 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains 758:833 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 1 1 theme nutritional 147:157 arg1 attributes 159:168 nutritional attributes 147:168 nutritional attributes of cereal grains for human consumption 147:207 Germination is of importance to improving nutritional attributes of cereal grains for human consumption. 24059756 4 2 theme oil 525:527 arg1 contents 496:503 The contents 492:503 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 492:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 6 3 theme new 1037:1039 arg1 types 1041:1045 new types 1037:1045 new types of functional foods 1037:1065 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 3 4 theme chemical 456:463 arg1 properties 480:489 their chemical and functional properties 450:489 their chemical and functional properties 450:489 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 0 5 theme grain 86:90 arg1 germination 92:102 grain germination 86:102 grain germination 86:102 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 5 6 theme processing 889:898 arg1 formulations 900:911 various food processing formulations 876:911 various food processing formulations 876:911 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 5 7 theme food 884:887 arg1 formulations 900:911 various food processing formulations 876:911 various food processing formulations 876:911 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 4 8 theme foaming 530:536 arg1 stability 538:546 foaming stability 530:546 foaming stability 530:546 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 6 9 theme relevant 1108:1115 arg1 industry 1133:1140 relevant food processing industry 1108:1140 relevant food processing industry 1108:1140 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 4 10 theme oil 632:634 arg1 capacity 647:654 oil absorption capacity 632:654 oil absorption capacity 632:654 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 2 11 theme functional 276:285 arg1 properties 287:296 functional properties 276:296 functional properties of sorghum flour 276:313 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 2 12 from effect 214:219 arg1 properties 287:296 functional properties 276:296 functional properties of sorghum flour 276:313 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 2 12 from effect 214:219 arg1 compositions 259:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 5 13 theme flour 800:804 arg1 properties 778:787 Improved functional properties 758:787 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains 758:833 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 0 14 theme germination 92:102 arg1 days 78:81 0-3 days 74:81 0-3 days of grain germination 74:102 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 6 15 theme functional 1050:1059 arg1 foods 1061:1065 functional foods 1050:1065 functional foods 1050:1065 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 3 16 theme sorghum 381:387 arg1 Butanua 357:363 Butanua 357:363 Butanua 357:363 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 3 16 theme sorghum 381:387 arg1 cultivar 389:396 a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar 366:396 a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar 366:396 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 1 17 theme cereal 173:178 arg1 grains 180:185 cereal grains 173:185 cereal grains 173:185 Germination is of importance to improving nutritional attributes of cereal grains for human consumption. 24059756 0 18 theme nutrient 6:13 arg1 compositions 15:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 6 19 theme new 962:964 arg1 finding 966:972 This new finding 957:972 This new finding 957:972 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 6 20 theme sorghum 1085:1091 arg1 production 1093:1102 sorghum production 1085:1102 sorghum production 1085:1102 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 1 21 theme grains 180:185 arg1 attributes 159:168 nutritional attributes 147:168 nutritional attributes of cereal grains for human consumption 147:207 Germination is of importance to improving nutritional attributes of cereal grains for human consumption. 24059756 0 22 theme Major 0:4 arg1 compositions 15:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 4 23 theme starch 508:513 arg1 contents 496:503 The contents 492:503 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 492:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 24 theme sorghum 599:605 arg1 flour 607:611 sorghum flour 599:611 sorghum flour 599:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 6 25 theme innovative 1005:1014 arg1 technologies 1016:1027 innovative technologies 1005:1027 innovative technologies 1005:1027 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 2 26 theme flour 309:313 arg1 properties 287:296 functional properties 276:296 functional properties of sorghum flour 276:313 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 2 26 theme flour 309:313 arg1 compositions 259:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 5 27 theme product 940:946 arg1 quality 948:954 the food product quality 931:954 the food product quality 931:954 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 1 28 theme human 191:195 arg1 consumption 197:207 human consumption 191:207 human consumption 191:207 Germination is of importance to improving nutritional attributes of cereal grains for human consumption. 24059756 3 29 theme new 368:370 arg1 Butanua 357:363 Butanua 357:363 Butanua 357:363 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 3 29 theme new 368:370 arg1 cultivar 389:396 a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar 366:396 a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar 366:396 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 4 30 theme protein 516:522 arg1 contents 496:503 The contents 492:503 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 492:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 0 31 from days 78:81 arg1 compositions 15:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 0 31 from days 78:81 arg1 properties 43:52 functional properties 32:52 functional properties 32:52 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 2 32 theme sorghum 301:307 arg1 flour 309:313 sorghum flour 301:313 sorghum flour 301:313 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 4 33 theme flour 607:611 arg1 starch 508:513 starch 508:513 starch 508:513 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 33 theme flour 607:611 arg1 stability 538:546 foaming stability 530:546 foaming stability 530:546 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 33 theme flour 607:611 arg1 protein 516:522 protein 516:522 protein 516:522 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 33 theme flour 607:611 arg1 concentration 582:594 least gelation concentration 567:594 least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 567:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 33 theme flour 607:611 arg1 density 554:560 bulk density 549:560 bulk density 549:560 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 33 theme flour 607:611 arg1 oil 525:527 oil 525:527 oil 525:527 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 6 34 theme foods 1061:1065 arg1 types 1041:1045 new types 1037:1045 new types of functional foods 1037:1065 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 2 35 theme time 236:239 arg1 effect 214:219 The effect 210:219 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour 210:313 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 4 36 theme gelation 573:580 arg1 concentration 582:594 least gelation concentration 567:594 least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 567:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 0 37 theme functional 32:41 arg1 properties 43:52 functional properties 32:52 functional properties 32:52 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 2 38 theme germination 224:234 arg1 time 236:239 germination time 224:239 germination time 224:239 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 4 39 theme least 567:571 arg1 concentration 582:594 least gelation concentration 567:594 least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 567:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 0 40 theme sorghum 57:63 arg1 flour 65:69 sorghum flour 57:69 sorghum flour 57:69 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 3 41 theme Butanua 357:363 arg1 Grains 347:352 Grains 347:352 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, 347:397 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 5 42 theme Improved 758:765 arg1 properties 778:787 Improved functional properties 758:787 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains 758:833 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 5 43 theme various 876:882 arg1 formulations 900:911 various food processing formulations 876:911 various food processing formulations 876:911 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 4 44 theme absorption 636:645 arg1 capacity 647:654 oil absorption capacity 632:654 oil absorption capacity 632:654 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 6 45 theme processing 1122:1131 arg1 industry 1133:1140 relevant food processing industry 1108:1140 relevant food processing industry 1108:1140 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 4 46 theme germination 740:750 arg1 time 752:755 germination time 740:755 germination time 740:755 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 47 theme foaming 657:663 arg1 capacity 665:672 foaming capacity 657:672 foaming capacity 657:672 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 48 theme emulsion 679:686 arg1 capacity 688:695 emulsion capacity 679:695 emulsion capacity 679:695 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 2 49 theme nutrient 250:257 arg1 compositions 259:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 3 50 theme functional 469:478 arg1 properties 480:489 their chemical and functional properties 450:489 their chemical and functional properties 450:489 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 4 51 theme stability 538:546 arg1 contents 496:503 The contents 492:503 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 492:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 5 52 theme sorghum 792:798 arg1 flour 800:804 sorghum flour 792:804 sorghum flour by germination of the grains 792:833 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 2 53 theme major 244:248 arg1 compositions 259:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 major nutrient compositions 244:270 The effect of germination time on major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour was investigated in this study. 24059756 4 54 from increase 728:735 arg1 time 752:755 germination time 740:755 germination time 740:755 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 5 55 theme grains 828:833 arg1 germination 809:819 germination 809:819 germination of the grains 809:833 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 4 56 theme concentration 582:594 arg1 contents 496:503 The contents 492:503 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 492:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 4 57 theme density 554:560 arg1 contents 496:503 The contents 492:503 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour 492:611 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24059756 0 58 theme flour 65:69 arg1 compositions 15:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions 0:26 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 0 58 theme flour 65:69 arg1 properties 43:52 functional properties 32:52 functional properties 32:52 Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. 24059756 5 59 theme food 935:938 arg1 quality 948:954 the food product quality 931:954 the food product quality 931:954 Improved functional properties of sorghum flour by germination of the grains not only make it useful and suitable for various food processing formulations, but also improve the food product quality. 24059756 6 60 theme food 1117:1120 arg1 industry 1133:1140 relevant food processing industry 1108:1140 relevant food processing industry 1108:1140 This new finding will beneficially help develop innovative technologies, design new types of functional foods, and promote both sorghum production and relevant food processing industry in the future. 24059756 3 61 theme Sudanese 372:379 arg1 Butanua 357:363 Butanua 357:363 Butanua 357:363 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 3 61 theme Sudanese 372:379 arg1 cultivar 389:396 a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar 366:396 a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar 366:396 Grains of Butanua, a new Sudanese sorghum cultivar, were germinated for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze their chemical and functional properties. 24059756 4 62 theme bulk 549:552 arg1 density 554:560 bulk density 549:560 bulk density 549:560 The contents of starch, protein, oil, foaming stability, bulk density, and least gelation concentration of sorghum flour decreased, whereas oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion capacity and stability enhanced with an increase in germination time. 24887123 0 0 theme A 122:122 arg1 determination 124:136 bisphenol A determination 112:136 bisphenol A determination 112:136 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au nanoparticles composites based electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination. 24887123 4 1 theme nanoparticles 769:781 arg1 composites 783:792 MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites 746:792 MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode 746:811 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 5 2 dep showed 825:830 arg1 decreased 933:941 decreased 933:941 showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly 825:955 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 4 3 theme electrochemical 655:669 arg1 sensor 671:676 A novel electrochemical sensor 647:676 A novel electrochemical sensor 647:676 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 0 4 theme bisphenol 112:120 arg1 determination 124:136 bisphenol A determination 112:136 bisphenol A determination 112:136 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au nanoparticles composites based electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination. 24887123 1 5 theme electrochemical 226:240 arg1 sensing 242:248 electrochemical sensing 226:248 electrochemical sensing 226:248 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 8 6 from promising 1423:1431 arg1 applications 1474:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 This work indicated MoS2 nanoflowers were promising in electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications. 24887123 4 7 theme novel 649:653 arg1 sensor 671:676 A novel electrochemical sensor 647:676 A novel electrochemical sensor 647:676 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 6 8 theme -9 1211:1212 arg1 M 1214:1214 5.0×10(-9)M 1204:1214 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3) 1204:1222 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 6 8 theme -9 1211:1212 arg1 S/N=3 1217:1221 S/N=3 1217:1221 S/N=3 1217:1221 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 3 9 theme transmission 430:441 arg1 microscopy 452:461 transmission electron microscopy 430:461 transmission electron microscopy 430:461 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 6 10 theme M 1214:1214 arg1 limit 1195:1199 a detection limit 1183:1199 a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3) 1183:1222 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 3 11 dep showed 470:475 arg1 constructed 544:554 constructed 544:554 was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers 540:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 3 11 dep showed 470:475 arg1 had 497:499 had 497:499 had sizes with diameter of about 200nm 497:534 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 8 12 from applications 1474:1485 arg1 promising 1423:1431 promising 1423:1431 promising 1423:1431 This work indicated MoS2 nanoflowers were promising in electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications. 24887123 3 13 theme electron 406:413 arg1 microscopy 415:424 scanning electron microscopy 397:424 scanning electron microscopy 397:424 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 3 14 theme many 561:564 arg1 sheets 576:581 many irregular sheets 561:581 many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers 561:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 1 15 from attention 213:221 arg1 sensing 242:248 electrochemical sensing 226:248 electrochemical sensing 226:248 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 8 16 theme electrochemical 1436:1450 arg1 applications 1474:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 This work indicated MoS2 nanoflowers were promising in electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications. 24887123 3 17 theme microscopy 415:424 arg1 images 463:468 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images 393:468 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images 393:468 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 6 18 theme peak 1098:1101 arg1 current 1103:1109 the oxidation peak current 1084:1109 the oxidation peak current 1084:1109 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 5 19 theme other 1023:1027 arg1 electrode 1038:1046 other modified electrode 1023:1046 other modified electrode 1023:1046 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 7 20 theme developed 1229:1237 arg1 sensor 1239:1244 The developed sensor 1225:1244 The developed sensor 1225:1244 The developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability, and it was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in different samples. 24887123 0 21 theme disulfide 11:19 arg1 nanoflower-chitosan-Au 21:42 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au 0:42 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au 0:42 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au nanoparticles composites based electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination. 24887123 7 22 theme long-term 1277:1285 arg1 stability 1287:1295 long-term stability 1277:1295 long-term stability 1277:1295 The developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability, and it was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in different samples. 24887123 2 23 theme hydrothermal 372:383 arg1 method 385:390 a simple hydrothermal method 363:390 a simple hydrothermal method 363:390 In this work, flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. 24887123 7 24 theme different 1362:1370 arg1 samples 1372:1378 different samples 1362:1378 different samples 1362:1378 The developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability, and it was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in different samples. 24887123 0 25 theme Molybdenum 0:9 arg1 nanoflower-chitosan-Au 21:42 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au 0:42 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au 0:42 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au nanoparticles composites based electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination. 24887123 6 26 from 100μM 1172:1176 arg1 range 1153:1157 the range 1149:1157 the range from 0.05 to 100μM 1149:1176 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 2 27 theme simple 365:370 arg1 method 385:390 a simple hydrothermal method 363:390 a simple hydrothermal method 363:390 In this work, flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. 24887123 0 28 theme electrochemical 75:89 arg1 platform 99:106 electrochemical sensing platform 75:106 electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination 75:136 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au nanoparticles composites based electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination. 24887123 4 29 theme chitosan-gold 755:767 arg1 nanoparticles 769:781 chitosan-gold nanoparticles 755:781 chitosan-gold nanoparticles 755:781 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 3 30 theme electron 443:450 arg1 microscopy 452:461 transmission electron microscopy 430:461 transmission electron microscopy 430:461 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 6 31 theme linear 1056:1061 arg1 relationship 1063:1074 A good linear relationship 1049:1074 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration 1049:1131 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 1 32 theme Two-dimensional 139:153 arg1 dichalcogenide 172:185 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide 139:185 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide 139:185 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 1 33 theme unique 263:268 arg1 properties 281:290 their unique electronic properties 257:290 their unique electronic properties 257:290 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 3 34 theme microscopy 452:461 arg1 images 463:468 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images 393:468 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images 393:468 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 6 35 theme good 1051:1054 arg1 relationship 1063:1074 A good linear relationship 1049:1074 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration 1049:1131 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 5 36 theme modified 1029:1036 arg1 electrode 1038:1046 other modified electrode 1023:1046 other modified electrode 1023:1046 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 3 37 theme nanometers 635:644 arg1 thickness 614:622 thickness 614:622 thickness of several nanometers 614:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 1 38 theme electronic 270:279 arg1 properties 281:290 their unique electronic properties 257:290 their unique electronic properties 257:290 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 3 39 with structure 599:607 arg1 thickness 614:622 thickness 614:622 thickness of several nanometers 614:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 5 40 theme bare 1010:1013 arg1 GCE 1015:1017 bare GCE 1010:1017 bare GCE 1010:1017 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 6 41 theme 5.0×10 1204:1209 arg1 M 1214:1214 5.0×10(-9)M 1204:1214 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3) 1204:1222 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 6 41 theme 5.0×10 1204:1209 arg1 S/N=3 1217:1221 S/N=3 1217:1221 S/N=3 1217:1221 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 5 42 theme peak 965:968 arg1 current 970:976 the peak current 961:976 the peak current 961:976 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 5 43 theme BPA 929:931 arg1 overpotentials 911:924 the oxidation overpotentials 897:924 the oxidation overpotentials of BPA 897:931 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 5 43 theme BPA 929:931 arg1 role 862:865 an efficient electrocatalytic role 832:865 an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA 832:890 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 6 44 theme oxidation 1088:1096 arg1 current 1103:1109 the oxidation peak current 1084:1109 the oxidation peak current 1084:1109 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 6 45 dep 100μM 1172:1176 arg1 to 1169:1170 to 1169:1170 to 1169:1170 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 7 46 from determination 1338:1350 arg1 samples 1372:1378 different samples 1362:1378 different samples 1362:1378 The developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability, and it was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in different samples. 24887123 3 47 theme 200nm 530:534 arg1 diameter 512:519 diameter 512:519 diameter of about 200nm 512:534 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 0 48 theme sensing 91:97 arg1 platform 99:106 electrochemical sensing platform 75:106 electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination 75:136 Molybdenum disulfide nanoflower-chitosan-Au nanoparticles composites based electrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A determination. 24887123 5 49 theme BPA 888:890 arg1 oxidation 875:883 the oxidation 871:883 the oxidation of BPA 871:890 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 5 50 theme electrocatalytic 845:860 arg1 role 862:865 an efficient electrocatalytic role 832:865 an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA 832:890 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 6 51 theme detection 1185:1193 arg1 limit 1195:1199 a detection limit 1183:1199 a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3) 1183:1222 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 1 52 theme metal 166:170 arg1 dichalcogenide 172:185 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide 139:185 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide 139:185 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 3 53 theme MoS2 481:484 arg1 nanoflower 486:495 the MoS2 nanoflower 477:495 the MoS2 nanoflower 477:495 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 8 54 theme catalytic 1464:1472 arg1 applications 1474:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 This work indicated MoS2 nanoflowers were promising in electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications. 24887123 3 55 theme irregular 566:574 arg1 sheets 576:581 many irregular sheets 561:581 many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers 561:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 8 56 theme sensing 1452:1458 arg1 applications 1474:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications 1436:1485 This work indicated MoS2 nanoflowers were promising in electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications. 24887123 3 57 theme several 627:633 arg1 nanometers 635:644 several nanometers 627:644 several nanometers 627:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 8 58 theme MoS2 1401:1404 arg1 nanoflowers 1406:1416 MoS2 nanoflowers 1401:1416 MoS2 nanoflowers 1401:1416 This work indicated MoS2 nanoflowers were promising in electrochemical sensing and catalytic applications. 24887123 5 59 theme oxidation 901:909 arg1 overpotentials 911:924 the oxidation overpotentials 897:924 the oxidation overpotentials of BPA 897:931 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 4 60 theme MoS2 746:749 arg1 composites 783:792 MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites 746:792 MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode 746:811 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 6 61 theme BPA 1115:1117 arg1 concentration 1119:1131 BPA concentration 1115:1131 BPA concentration 1115:1131 A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and BPA concentration was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 100μM with a detection limit of 5.0×10(-9)M (S/N=3). 24887123 5 62 theme efficient 835:843 arg1 role 862:865 an efficient electrocatalytic role 832:865 an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA 832:890 The sensor showed an efficient electrocatalytic role for the oxidation of BPA, and the oxidation overpotentials of BPA decreased significantly and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE and other modified electrode. 24887123 4 63 theme A 729:729 arg1 determination 702:714 the determination 698:714 the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) 698:735 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 2 64 theme molybdenum 319:328 arg1 MoS2 341:344 MoS2 341:344 MoS2 341:344 In this work, flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. 24887123 2 64 theme molybdenum 319:328 arg1 disulfide 330:338 flower-like molybdenum disulfide 307:338 flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) 307:345 In this work, flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. 24887123 4 65 theme bisphenol 719:727 arg1 A 729:729 bisphenol A 719:729 bisphenol A (BPA) 719:735 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 4 65 theme bisphenol 719:727 arg1 BPA 732:734 BPA 732:734 BPA 732:734 A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on MoS2 and chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites modified electrode. 24887123 1 66 theme increasing 202:211 arg1 attention 213:221 increasing attention 202:221 increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties 202:290 Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide are attracting increasing attention in electrochemical sensing due to their unique electronic properties. 24887123 7 67 theme BPA 1355:1357 arg1 determination 1338:1350 the determination 1334:1350 the determination of BPA in different samples 1334:1378 The developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability, and it was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in different samples. 24887123 3 68 theme scanning 397:404 arg1 microscopy 415:424 scanning electron microscopy 397:424 scanning electron microscopy 397:424 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 2 69 theme flower-like 307:317 arg1 MoS2 341:344 MoS2 341:344 MoS2 341:344 In this work, flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. 24887123 2 69 theme flower-like 307:317 arg1 disulfide 330:338 flower-like molybdenum disulfide 307:338 flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) 307:345 In this work, flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. 24887123 3 70 theme petal-like 588:597 arg1 structure 599:607 a petal-like structure 586:607 a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers 586:644 The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS2 nanoflower had sizes with diameter of about 200nm and was constructed with many irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. 24887123 7 71 theme high 1256:1259 arg1 sensitivity 1261:1271 high sensitivity 1256:1271 high sensitivity 1256:1271 The developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability, and it was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in different samples. 24507295 4 0 theme steady 907:912 arg1 manner 928:933 a steady and prolonged manner 905:933 a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp 905:1023 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 2 1 theme silver 390:395 arg1 material 408:415 silver supporting material 390:415 silver supporting material 390:415 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 1 2 theme montmorillonite 290:304 arg1 ions 274:277 Na(+) ions 268:277 Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite 268:304 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 0 3 theme antibacterial 86:98 arg1 activity 100:107 antibacterial activity 86:107 antibacterial activity 86:107 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 4 4 theme silver 877:882 arg1 ions 884:887 silver ions 877:887 silver ions 877:887 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 1 5 theme silver-montmorillonite 195:216 arg1 nanoparticles 232:244 silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles 195:244 silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions 195:321 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 3 6 theme thermal 712:718 arg1 stability 720:728 the thermal stability 708:728 the thermal stability 708:728 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 1 7 theme silver 311:316 arg1 ions 318:321 silver ions 311:321 silver ions 311:321 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 1 8 with matrix 183:188 arg1 nanoparticles 232:244 silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles 195:244 silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions 195:321 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 1 9 theme loading 166:172 arg1 matrix 183:188 loading chitosan matrix 166:188 loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions 166:321 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 1 10 theme antimicrobial 218:230 arg1 nanoparticles 232:244 silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles 195:244 silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions 195:321 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 3 11 theme obtained 826:833 arg1 bionanocomposites 835:851 the obtained bionanocomposites 822:851 the obtained bionanocomposites 822:851 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 3 12 theme bionanocomposites 835:851 arg1 uptake 812:817 the liquid water uptake 795:817 the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites 795:851 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 0 13 theme Ag 14:15 arg1 nanoparticles 17:29 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles 0:29 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 0:108 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 3 14 theme chitosan 548:555 arg1 intercalation 531:543 the intercalation 527:543 the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate 527:573 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 2 15 dep advantage 368:376 arg1 confer 424:429 confer 424:429 to confer new and better performance to the obtained material 421:481 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 2 15 dep advantage 368:376 arg1 serve 381:385 serve 381:385 to serve as silver supporting material 378:415 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 0 16 theme MMT-supported 0:12 arg1 nanoparticles 17:29 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles 0:29 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 0:108 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 1 17 theme Multifunctional 110:124 arg1 bionanocomposites 126:142 Multifunctional bionanocomposites 110:142 Multifunctional bionanocomposites 110:142 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 2 18 theme obtained 465:472 arg1 material 474:481 the obtained material 461:481 the obtained material 461:481 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 3 19 theme mechanical 752:761 arg1 strengths 763:771 mechanical strengths 752:771 mechanical strengths 752:771 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 4 20 theme prolonged 918:926 arg1 manner 928:933 a steady and prolonged manner 905:933 a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp 905:1023 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 3 21 theme intercalation 531:543 arg1 achievement 512:522 the achievement 508:522 the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate 508:573 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 1 22 theme Na 268:269 arg1 ions 274:277 Na(+) ions 268:277 Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite 268:304 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 4 23 theme microbial 989:997 arg1 growth 999:1004 the microbial growth 985:1004 the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp 985:1023 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 3 24 theme strengths 763:771 arg1 improvement 737:747 an improvement 734:747 an improvement of mechanical strengths 734:771 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 2 25 theme better 439:444 arg1 performance 446:456 new and better performance 431:456 new and better performance 431:456 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 0 26 theme chitosan 35:42 arg1 nanocomposites 44:57 chitosan nanocomposites 35:57 chitosan nanocomposites 35:57 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 0 27 theme structural 60:69 arg1 properties 71:80 structural properties 60:80 structural properties 60:80 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 3 28 theme silver 665:670 arg1 particles 672:680 silver particles 665:680 silver particles 665:680 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 2 29 theme new 431:433 arg1 performance 446:456 new and better performance 431:456 new and better performance 431:456 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 3 30 theme Ag 653:654 arg1 ions 656:659 chitosan and Ag ions 640:659 chitosan and Ag ions 640:659 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 3 31 theme uptake 812:817 arg1 reduction 782:790 a reduction 780:790 a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites 780:851 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 4 32 theme spp 1021:1023 arg1 growth 999:1004 the microbial growth 985:1004 the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp 985:1023 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 0 33 dep nanoparticles 17:29 arg1 properties 71:80 structural properties 60:80 structural properties 60:80 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 0 33 dep nanoparticles 17:29 arg1 activity 100:107 antibacterial activity 86:107 antibacterial activity 86:107 MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. 24507295 2 34 theme twofold 360:366 arg1 advantage 368:376 its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material 356:481 its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material 356:481 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 4 35 from reduction 972:980 arg1 growth 999:1004 the microbial growth 985:1004 the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp 985:1023 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 4 36 theme significant 960:970 arg1 reduction 972:980 a significant reduction 958:980 a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp 958:1023 Results also show that silver ions are released in a steady and prolonged manner providing, after 24 h, a significant reduction in the microbial growth of Pseudomonas spp. 24507295 3 37 theme chitosan 640:647 arg1 ions 656:659 chitosan and Ag ions 640:659 chitosan and Ag ions 640:659 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 1 38 theme chitosan 174:181 arg1 matrix 183:188 loading chitosan matrix 166:188 loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions 166:321 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 24507295 3 39 theme liquid 799:804 arg1 uptake 812:817 the liquid water uptake 795:817 the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites 795:851 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 3 40 theme stability 720:728 arg1 enhancement 693:703 an enhancement 690:703 an enhancement of the thermal stability 690:728 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 3 41 theme water 806:810 arg1 uptake 812:817 the liquid water uptake 795:817 the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites 795:851 It has been proved that the achievement of the intercalation of chitosan into the silicate galleries of montomorillonite as well as the interaction between chitosan and Ag ions and silver particles lead to an enhancement of the thermal stability, to an improvement of mechanical strengths and to a reduction of the liquid water uptake of the obtained bionanocomposites. 24507295 2 42 theme supporting 397:406 arg1 material 408:415 silver supporting material 390:415 silver supporting material 390:415 This filler has been chosen for its twofold advantage to serve as silver supporting material and to confer new and better performance to the obtained material. 24507295 1 43 theme natural 282:288 arg1 montmorillonite 290:304 natural montmorillonite 282:304 natural montmorillonite 282:304 Multifunctional bionanocomposites have been prepared by loading chitosan matrix with silver-montmorillonite antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing Na(+) ions of natural montmorillonite with silver ions. 26188035 0 0 theme cecal 87:91 arg1 population 103:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 8 1 theme bacterial 1317:1325 arg1 population 1327:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population 1298:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population 1298:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population was not affected by the dietary treatments. 26188035 9 2 theme acetate 1459:1465 arg1 SCFA 1500:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA 1459:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42 1459:1528 Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. 26188035 4 3 dep 0.8 872:874 arg1 to 869:870 to 869:870 to 869:870 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 9 4 theme total 1494:1498 arg1 SCFA 1500:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA 1459:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42 1459:1528 Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. 26188035 10 5 theme intestinal 1666:1675 arg1 microflora 1677:1686 intestinal microflora 1666:1686 intestinal microflora 1666:1686 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 population 103:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 142:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 performance 46:56 growth performance 39:56 growth performance 39:56 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 histomorphology 70:84 intestinal histomorphology 59:84 intestinal histomorphology 59:84 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 9 7 theme SCFA 1500:1503 arg1 concentrations 1441:1454 the concentrations 1437:1454 the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42 1437:1528 Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. 26188035 6 8 theme goblet 1022:1027 arg1 count 1034:1038 the goblet cell count 1018:1038 the goblet cell count 1018:1038 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 3 9 theme same 545:548 arg1 diet 556:559 the same basal diet 541:559 the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal 541:587 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 1 10 theme intestinal 279:288 arg1 histomorphology 290:304 intestinal histomorphology 279:304 intestinal histomorphology 279:304 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 0 11 theme microbial 93:101 arg1 population 103:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 5 12 theme experiment 958:967 arg1 end 947:949 the end 943:949 the end of the experiment (42 d) 943:974 However, dietary lactulose did not affect broiler performance at the end of the experiment (42 d). 26188035 3 13 theme basal 550:554 arg1 diet 556:559 the same basal diet 541:559 the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal 541:587 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 7 14 theme lactulose 1287:1295 arg1 level 1278:1282 the level 1274:1282 the level of lactulose 1274:1295 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 4 15 theme body 706:709 arg1 linear 724:729 linear 724:729 linear 724:729 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 15 theme body 706:709 arg1 gain 718:721 body weight gain 706:721 body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) 706:739 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 7 16 theme quadratic 1183:1191 arg1 response 1193:1200 a significant quadratic response 1169:1200 a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) 1169:1237 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 2 17 theme male 408:411 arg1 chickens 421:428 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 392:428 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 392:428 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 8 18 theme dietary 1362:1368 arg1 treatments 1370:1379 the dietary treatments 1358:1379 the dietary treatments 1358:1379 The cecal coliform bacterial population was not affected by the dietary treatments. 26188035 4 19 theme feed 745:748 arg1 conversion 750:759 feed conversion 745:759 feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) 745:777 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 20 dep 21 789:790 arg1 to 786:787 to 786:787 to 786:787 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 2 21 theme one-day-old 396:406 arg1 chickens 421:428 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 392:428 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 392:428 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 2 22 theme different 458:466 arg1 treatments 468:477 5 different treatments 456:477 5 different treatments 456:477 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 10 23 theme broiler 1593:1599 arg1 performance 1601:1611 broiler performance 1593:1611 broiler performance 1593:1611 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 10 24 theme intestinal 1617:1626 arg1 morphology 1628:1637 intestinal morphology 1617:1637 intestinal morphology 1617:1637 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 10 25 from inclusion 1546:1554 arg1 diet 1576:1579 the diet 1572:1579 the diet 1572:1579 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 8 26 theme cecal 1302:1306 arg1 population 1327:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population 1298:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population 1298:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population was not affected by the dietary treatments. 26188035 3 27 theme corn--soybean 570:582 arg1 meal 584:587 corn--soybean meal 570:587 corn--soybean meal 570:587 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 10 28 theme cecal 1703:1707 arg1 concentrations 1714:1727 cecal SCFA concentrations 1703:1727 cecal SCFA concentrations 1703:1727 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 0 29 theme supplementation 20:34 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 0:173 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 1 30 theme cecal 307:311 arg1 microflora 313:322 cecal microflora 307:322 cecal microflora 307:322 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 0 31 theme fatty 131:135 arg1 composition 142:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 7 32 from response 1193:1200 arg1 count 1223:1227 Lactobacillus count 1209:1227 the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) 1205:1237 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 7 32 from response 1193:1200 arg1 P≤0.001 1230:1236 P≤0.001 1230:1236 P≤0.001 1230:1236 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 9 33 theme propionate 1468:1477 arg1 SCFA 1500:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA 1459:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42 1459:1528 Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. 26188035 0 34 theme lactulose 10:18 arg1 supplementation 20:34 lactulose supplementation 10:34 lactulose supplementation 10:34 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 35 theme short-chain 119:129 arg1 composition 142:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 10 36 theme SCFA 1709:1712 arg1 concentrations 1714:1727 cecal SCFA concentrations 1703:1727 cecal SCFA concentrations 1703:1727 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 6 37 theme intestinal 990:999 arg1 measurements 1001:1012 intestinal measurements 990:1012 intestinal measurements 990:1012 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 9 38 with Supplementation 1382:1396 arg1 lactulose 1403:1411 lactulose 1403:1411 lactulose 1403:1411 Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. 26188035 0 39 theme growth 39:44 arg1 performance 46:56 growth performance 39:56 growth performance 39:56 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 3 40 theme corn 676:679 arg1 meal 696:699 corn and/or soybean meal 676:699 meal 696:699 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 4 41 theme dietary 828:834 arg1 lactulose 836:844 dietary lactulose 828:844 dietary lactulose 828:844 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 2 42 theme chickens 421:428 arg1 total 383:387 A total 381:387 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 381:428 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 5 43 theme dietary 887:893 arg1 lactulose 895:903 dietary lactulose 887:903 dietary lactulose 887:903 However, dietary lactulose did not affect broiler performance at the end of the experiment (42 d). 26188035 6 44 theme broilers 1043:1050 arg1 count 1034:1038 the goblet cell count 1018:1038 the goblet cell count 1018:1038 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 6 44 theme broilers 1043:1050 arg1 measurements 1001:1012 intestinal measurements 990:1012 intestinal measurements 990:1012 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 1 45 theme dietary 214:220 arg1 supplementation 232:246 dietary lactulose supplementation 214:246 dietary lactulose supplementation 214:246 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 4 46 dep linear 724:729 arg1 P=0.027 732:738 P=0.027 732:738 P=0.027 732:738 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 0 47 theme acid 137:140 arg1 composition 142:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 3 48 theme meal 696:699 arg1 expense 665:671 the expense 661:671 the expense of corn and/or soybean meal 661:699 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 4 49 dep conversion 750:759 arg1 P=0.003 770:776 P=0.003 770:776 P=0.003 770:776 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 49 dep conversion 750:759 arg1 linear 762:767 linear 762:767 linear 762:767 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 1 50 theme lactulose 222:230 arg1 supplementation 232:246 dietary lactulose supplementation 214:246 dietary lactulose supplementation 214:246 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 51 theme cecal 329:333 arg1 concentrations 365:378 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 0 52 theme broiler 157:163 arg1 chickens 165:172 broiler chickens 157:172 broiler chickens 157:172 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 3 53 theme soybean 688:694 arg1 meal 696:699 corn and/or soybean meal 676:699 meal 696:699 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 7 54 theme Lactobacillus 1209:1221 arg1 count 1223:1227 Lactobacillus count 1209:1227 the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) 1205:1237 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 7 54 theme Lactobacillus 1209:1221 arg1 P≤0.001 1230:1236 P≤0.001 1230:1236 P≤0.001 1230:1236 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 10 55 theme lactulose 1559:1567 arg1 inclusion 1546:1554 inclusion 1546:1554 inclusion of lactulose in the diet 1546:1579 In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations. 26188035 1 56 theme short-chain 335:345 arg1 SCFA 359:362 SCFA 359:362 SCFA 359:362 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 56 theme short-chain 335:345 arg1 acid 353:356 short-chain fatty acid 335:356 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 4 57 theme significant 801:811 arg1 improvement 813:823 significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8% 801:875 significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8% 801:875 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 58 from d 792:792 arg1 linear 724:729 linear 724:729 linear 724:729 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 58 from d 792:792 arg1 gain 718:721 body weight gain 706:721 body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) 706:739 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 58 from d 792:792 arg1 conversion 750:759 feed conversion 745:759 feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) 745:777 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 9 59 theme butyrate 1480:1487 arg1 SCFA 1500:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA 1459:1503 acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42 1459:1528 Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. 26188035 1 60 from effects 203:209 arg1 microflora 313:322 cecal microflora 307:322 cecal microflora 307:322 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 60 from effects 203:209 arg1 concentrations 365:378 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 60 from effects 203:209 arg1 performance 266:276 broiler growth performance 251:276 broiler growth performance 251:276 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 60 from effects 203:209 arg1 histomorphology 290:304 intestinal histomorphology 279:304 intestinal histomorphology 279:304 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 61 theme fatty 347:351 arg1 SCFA 359:362 SCFA 359:362 SCFA 359:362 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 1 61 theme fatty 347:351 arg1 acid 353:356 short-chain fatty acid 335:356 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 2 62 dep birds 510:514 arg1 each 516:519 each 516:519 each 516:519 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 5 63 theme broiler 920:926 arg1 performance 928:938 broiler performance 920:938 broiler performance 920:938 However, dietary lactulose did not affect broiler performance at the end of the experiment (42 d). 26188035 6 64 theme lactulose-containing 1058:1077 arg1 diet 1079:1082 a lactulose-containing diet 1056:1082 a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose 1056:1153 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 7 65 theme significant 1171:1181 arg1 response 1193:1200 a significant quadratic response 1169:1200 a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) 1169:1237 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 1 66 theme supplementation 232:246 arg1 effects 203:209 the effects 199:209 the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 199:378 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 0 67 theme chickens 165:172 arg1 population 103:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 cecal microbial population 87:112 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 67 theme chickens 165:172 arg1 composition 142:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 short-chain fatty acid composition 119:152 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 67 theme chickens 165:172 arg1 performance 46:56 growth performance 39:56 growth performance 39:56 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 0 67 theme chickens 165:172 arg1 histomorphology 70:84 intestinal histomorphology 59:84 intestinal histomorphology 59:84 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 8 68 theme coliform 1308:1315 arg1 population 1327:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population 1298:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population 1298:1336 The cecal coliform bacterial population was not affected by the dietary treatments. 26188035 4 69 theme weight 711:716 arg1 linear 724:729 linear 724:729 linear 724:729 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 4 69 theme weight 711:716 arg1 gain 718:721 body weight gain 706:721 body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) 706:739 The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. 26188035 2 70 theme broiler 413:419 arg1 chickens 421:428 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 392:428 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens 392:428 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 7 71 located observed 1243:1250 arg1 d 1258:1258 42 d 1255:1258 42 d 1255:1258 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 7 71 located observed 1243:1250 arg2 response 1193:1200 a significant quadratic response 1169:1200 a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) 1169:1237 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 7 71 located observed 1243:1250 arg1 addition 1159:1166 addition 1159:1166 addition 1159:1166 In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. 26188035 2 72 with treatments 468:477 arg1 7 485:485 7 485:485 7 485:485 A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. 26188035 6 73 theme cell 1029:1032 arg1 count 1034:1038 the goblet cell count 1018:1038 the goblet cell count 1018:1038 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 1 74 theme broiler 251:257 arg1 performance 266:276 broiler growth performance 251:276 broiler growth performance 251:276 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 0 75 theme intestinal 59:68 arg1 histomorphology 70:84 intestinal histomorphology 59:84 intestinal histomorphology 59:84 Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. 26188035 1 76 theme acid 353:356 arg1 concentrations 365:378 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 329:378 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 26188035 3 77 from expense 665:671 arg1 % 656:656 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% 632:656 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal 632:699 The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. 26188035 6 78 contain contain 1137:1143 arg2 lactulose 1145:1153 lactulose 1145:1153 lactulose 1145:1153 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 6 78 contain contain 1137:1143 arg1 diet 1119:1122 a diet 1117:1122 a diet that did not contain lactulose 1117:1153 Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. 26188035 1 79 theme growth 259:264 arg1 performance 266:276 broiler growth performance 251:276 broiler growth performance 251:276 This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. 28302318 11 0 theme group 2064:2068 arg1 A 2070:2070 group A 2064:2070 group A 2064:2070 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 1 from intensity 1975:1983 arg1 zone 2005:2008 the transitional zone 1988:2008 the transitional zone 1988:2008 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 5 2 with biopsies 1181:1188 arg1 histology 1220:1228 histology 1220:1228 histology 1220:1228 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 2 with biopsies 1181:1188 arg1 immunohistochemistry 1195:1214 immunohistochemistry 1195:1214 immunohistochemistry 1195:1214 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 2 3 theme matrix 357:362 arg1 breakdown 340:348 breakdown 340:348 breakdown 340:348 Within this matrix homeostasis between production and breakdown of the matrix is exceptionally sensitive. 28302318 2 3 theme matrix 357:362 arg1 production 325:334 production 325:334 production 325:334 Within this matrix homeostasis between production and breakdown of the matrix is exceptionally sensitive. 28302318 13 4 from ratio 2521:2525 arg1 cartilage 2537:2545 tibial cartilage 2530:2545 tibial cartilage 2530:2545 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 11 5 theme specimens 2051:2059 arg1 % 2042:2042 40% 2040:2042 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2040:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 5 theme specimens 2051:2059 arg1 specimens 2051:2059 the specimens 2047:2059 the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2047:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 4 6 theme molecules 615:623 arg1 expression 593:602 the expression 589:602 the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix 589:651 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 12 7 from surfaces 2469:2476 arg1 knee 2485:2488 the knee 2481:2488 the knee 2481:2488 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 13 8 theme amplification 2641:2653 arg1 loops 2655:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 1 9 theme proteoglycan 262:273 arg1 molecules 275:283 proteoglycan molecules 262:283 proteoglycan molecules 262:283 The function of articular cartilage as an avascular tissue is mainly served by collagen type II and proteoglycan molecules. 28302318 14 10 theme collagen 2799:2806 arg1 network 2808:2814 the collagen network 2795:2814 the collagen network 2795:2814 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 11 11 from zone 1953:1956 arg1 zone 2005:2008 the transitional zone 1988:2008 the transitional zone 1988:2008 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 6 12 theme type 1292:1295 arg1 expression 1269:1278 the gene expression 1260:1278 the gene expression of collagen type I and II 1260:1304 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 0 13 theme Regional 0:7 arg1 differences 9:19 Regional differences 0:19 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 0:160 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 1 14 theme articular 178:186 arg1 cartilage 188:196 articular cartilage 178:196 articular cartilage 178:196 The function of articular cartilage as an avascular tissue is mainly served by collagen type II and proteoglycan molecules. 28302318 6 15 dep the 1324:1326 arg1 help 1328:1331 help 1328:1331 help 1328:1331 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 12 16 theme different 2449:2457 arg1 surfaces 2469:2476 the different cartilage surfaces 2445:2476 the different cartilage surfaces in the knee 2445:2488 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 4 17 theme side 699:702 arg1 dependence 670:679 dependence 670:679 dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) 670:722 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 0 18 from composite 113:121 arg1 stages 136:141 different stages 126:141 different stages of osteoarthritis 126:159 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 11 19 theme anatomy 2029:2035 arg1 loss 2015:2018 loss 2015:2018 loss of zonal anatomy 2015:2035 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 20 from specimens 2080:2088 arg1 % 2042:2042 40% 2040:2042 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2040:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 20 from specimens 2080:2088 arg1 specimens 2051:2059 the specimens 2047:2059 the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2047:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 2 21 theme matrix 298:303 arg1 homeostasis 305:315 this matrix homeostasis 293:315 this matrix homeostasis between production and breakdown of the matrix 293:362 Within this matrix homeostasis between production and breakdown of the matrix is exceptionally sensitive. 28302318 13 22 theme resulting 2622:2630 arg1 loops 2655:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 1 23 theme avascular 204:212 arg1 tissue 214:219 an avascular tissue 201:219 an avascular tissue 201:219 The function of articular cartilage as an avascular tissue is mainly served by collagen type II and proteoglycan molecules. 28302318 12 24 theme varying 2422:2428 arg1 conditions 2430:2439 varying conditions 2422:2439 varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee 2422:2488 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 11 25 from specimens 2051:2059 arg1 A 2070:2070 group A 2064:2070 group A 2064:2070 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 25 from specimens 2051:2059 arg1 specimens 2080:2088 all specimens 2076:2088 all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2076:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 6 26 theme real-time 1336:1344 arg1 -PCR 1350:1353 real-time (RT)-PCR 1336:1353 real-time (RT)-PCR 1336:1353 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 15 27 theme cartilage 3056:3064 arg1 structure 3066:3074 cartilage structure 3056:3074 cartilage structure 3056:3074 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 9 28 theme Col 1713:1715 arg1 expression 1720:1729 all Col II expression 1709:1729 all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part 1709:1788 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 14 29 theme enzymes 2962:2968 arg1 synthesis 2920:2928 increased synthesis 2910:2928 increased synthesis 2910:2928 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 14 29 theme enzymes 2962:2968 arg1 release 2934:2940 release 2934:2940 release of matrix degrading enzymes 2934:2968 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 0 30 theme osteoarthritis 146:159 arg1 stages 136:141 different stages 126:141 different stages of osteoarthritis 126:159 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 8 31 located found 1459:1463 arg2 intensity 1445:1453 A slightly increased colour intensity 1417:1453 A slightly increased colour intensity 1417:1453 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 8 31 located found 1459:1463 arg1 layers 1491:1496 deeper layers 1484:1496 deeper layers 1484:1496 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 8 31 located found 1459:1463 arg1 group 1411:1415 group 1411:1415 group 1411:1415 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 14 32 theme Matrix 2745:2750 arg1 Mmps 2772:2775 Mmps 2772:2775 Mmps 2772:2775 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 14 32 theme Matrix 2745:2750 arg1 metalloproteinases 2752:2769 Matrix metalloproteinases 2745:2769 Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) 2745:2776 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 7 33 theme Proteoglycan 1356:1367 arg1 content 1369:1375 Proteoglycan content 1356:1375 Proteoglycan content 1356:1375 Proteoglycan content was measured colorometrically. 28302318 10 34 theme stage 1805:1809 arg1 diseases 1811:1818 late stage diseases 1800:1818 late stage diseases 1800:1818 There in late stage diseases the collagen type I expression was also more pronounced. 28302318 11 35 theme aggrecan 2177:2184 arg1 PCR 2196:2198 aggrecan Real Time PCR 2177:2198 aggrecan Real Time PCR 2177:2198 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 36 theme staining 1907:1914 arg1 intensity 1916:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 5 37 dep 30 1061:1062 arg1 each 1064:1067 each 1064:1067 each 1064:1067 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 0 38 theme gene 72:75 arg1 expression 77:86 the chondrocyte gene expression 56:86 the chondrocyte gene expression 56:86 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 13 39 theme measured 2503:2510 arg1 ratio 2521:2525 directly measured Poissońs ratio 2494:2525 directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage 2494:2545 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 8 40 theme persisting 1512:1521 arg1 process 1557:1563 a persisting but initially still intact repair process 1510:1563 a persisting but initially still intact repair process 1510:1563 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 5 41 theme grading 1129:1135 arg1 HHGS 1145:1148 HHGS 1145:1148 HHGS 1145:1148 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 41 theme grading 1129:1135 arg1 system 1137:1142 the histological-histochemical grading system 1098:1142 the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 1098:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 11 42 theme Time 2191:2194 arg1 PCR 2196:2198 aggrecan Real Time PCR 2177:2198 aggrecan Real Time PCR 2177:2198 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 0 43 theme femoral 35:41 arg1 cartilage 43:51 tibial and femoral cartilage 24:51 tibial and femoral cartilage 24:51 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 5 44 theme Group 1017:1021 arg1 B 1023:1023 Group B 1017:1023 Group B 1017:1023 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 44 theme Group 1017:1021 arg1 grade 1047:1051 ICRS grade 3a/3b 1042:1057 ICRS grade 3a/3b 1042:1057 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 3 45 theme current 396:402 arg1 study 404:408 The current study 392:408 The current study 392:408 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 8 46 theme intact 1543:1548 arg1 process 1557:1563 a persisting but initially still intact repair process 1510:1563 a persisting but initially still intact repair process 1510:1563 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 5 47 dep mild 948:951 arg1 1b 990:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 47 dep mild 948:951 arg1 advanced 1007:1014 advanced 1007:1014 advanced 1007:1014 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 47 dep mild 948:951 arg1 A 960:960 Group A 954:960 Group A 954:960 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 3 48 theme regional 436:443 arg1 differences 445:455 regional differences 436:455 regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition 436:504 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 5 49 theme plateau 850:856 arg1 samples 858:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples 795:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 795:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 50 theme grade 984:988 arg1 1b 990:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 50 theme grade 984:988 arg1 A 960:960 Group A 954:960 Group A 954:960 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 11 51 theme group 2093:2097 arg1 Correlation 2102:2112 group B. Correlation 2093:2112 group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR 2093:2198 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 52 theme radial 1946:1951 arg1 zone 1953:1956 the radial zone 1942:1956 the radial zone 1942:1956 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 3 53 theme cartilage 484:492 arg1 composition 494:504 cartilage composition 484:504 cartilage composition 484:504 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 4 54 from changes 578:584 arg1 expression 593:602 the expression 589:602 the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix 589:651 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 11 55 theme reduced 1967:1973 arg1 intensity 1975:1983 less reduced intensity 1962:1983 less reduced intensity 1962:1983 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 9 56 theme tibia 1595:1599 arg1 plateau 1601:1607 the medial tibia plateau 1584:1607 the medial tibia plateau 1584:1607 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 11 57 theme proteoglycan 2148:2159 arg1 content 2165:2171 colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content 2122:2171 colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content 2122:2171 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 10 58 theme type 1833:1836 arg1 pronounced 1865:1874 pronounced 1865:1874 pronounced 1865:1874 There in late stage diseases the collagen type I expression was also more pronounced. 28302318 10 58 theme type 1833:1836 arg1 expression 1840:1849 the collagen type I expression 1820:1849 the collagen type I expression 1820:1849 There in late stage diseases the collagen type I expression was also more pronounced. 28302318 11 59 theme safranin 1896:1903 arg1 intensity 1916:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 5 60 theme condyle 827:833 arg1 samples 858:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples 795:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 795:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 14 61 theme degrading 2952:2960 arg1 enzymes 2962:2968 matrix degrading enzymes 2945:2968 matrix degrading enzymes 2945:2968 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 11 62 theme Real 2186:2189 arg1 PCR 2196:2198 aggrecan Real Time PCR 2177:2198 aggrecan Real Time PCR 2177:2198 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 3 63 theme osteoarthritic 517:530 arg1 process 532:538 the osteoarthritic process 513:538 the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint 513:562 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 0 64 theme cartilage 43:51 arg1 differences 9:19 Regional differences 0:19 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 0:160 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 12 65 dep cartilage 2235:2243 arg1 both 2279:2282 both 2279:2282 both 2279:2282 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 9 66 from plateau 1745:1751 arg1 part 1785:1788 the central part 1773:1788 the central part 1773:1788 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 9 67 theme Col 1621:1623 arg1 increase 1628:1635 the initial Col II increase 1609:1635 the initial Col II increase in gene expression 1609:1654 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 4 68 theme Therefor 565:572 arg1 changes 578:584 the changes 574:584 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix 565:651 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 8 69 theme colour 1438:1443 arg1 intensity 1445:1453 A slightly increased colour intensity 1417:1453 A slightly increased colour intensity 1417:1453 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 15 70 theme mechanical 3148:3157 arg1 stress 3159:3164 mechanical stress 3148:3164 mechanical stress 3148:3164 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 15 71 theme events 3019:3024 arg1 selection 3006:3014 a selection 3004:3014 a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site 3004:3197 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 3 72 from differences 445:455 arg1 alterations 469:479 specific alterations 460:479 specific alterations in cartilage composition 460:504 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 3 73 theme human 547:551 arg1 joint 558:562 the human knee joint 543:562 the human knee joint 543:562 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 5 74 theme knee 911:914 arg1 endoprosthesis 916:929 total knee endoprosthesis 905:929 total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 905:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 9 75 theme gene 1640:1643 arg1 expression 1645:1654 gene expression 1640:1654 gene expression 1640:1654 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 4 76 theme extracellular 632:644 arg1 matrix 646:651 the extracellular matrix 628:651 the extracellular matrix 628:651 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 13 77 theme femoral 2593:2599 arg1 cartilage 2601:2609 femoral cartilage 2593:2609 femoral cartilage 2593:2609 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 13 78 theme cartilage 2686:2694 arg1 damage 2696:2701 cartilage damage 2686:2701 cartilage damage 2686:2701 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 6 79 dep type 1292:1295 arg1 II 1303:1304 II 1303:1304 II 1303:1304 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 6 79 dep type 1292:1295 arg1 I 1297:1297 I 1297:1297 I 1297:1297 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 12 80 theme compressive 2312:2322 arg1 stresses 2324:2331 compressive stresses 2312:2331 compressive stresses 2312:2331 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 12 81 theme patellar 2260:2267 arg1 cartilage 2269:2277 patellar cartilage 2260:2277 patellar cartilage 2260:2277 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 13 82 theme Poissońs 2512:2519 arg1 ratio 2521:2525 directly measured Poissońs ratio 2494:2525 directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage 2494:2545 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 4 83 theme key 611:613 arg1 molecules 615:623 the key molecules 607:623 the key molecules of the extracellular matrix 607:651 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 11 84 located observed 1930:1937 arg2 intensity 1916:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 84 located observed 1930:1937 arg1 zone 1953:1956 the radial zone 1942:1956 the radial zone 1942:1956 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 84 located observed 1930:1937 arg1 specimens 2051:2059 the specimens 2047:2059 the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2047:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 84 located observed 1930:1937 arg1 intensity 1975:1983 less reduced intensity 1962:1983 less reduced intensity 1962:1983 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 84 located observed 1930:1937 arg1 % 2042:2042 40% 2040:2042 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2040:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 3 85 theme joint 558:562 arg1 process 532:538 the osteoarthritic process 513:538 the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint 513:562 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 5 86 theme endoprosthesis 916:929 arg1 implantation 889:900 implantation 889:900 implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 889:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 87 theme total 905:909 arg1 endoprosthesis 916:929 total knee endoprosthesis 905:929 total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 905:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 13 88 theme tibial 2530:2535 arg1 cartilage 2537:2545 tibial cartilage 2530:2545 tibial cartilage 2530:2545 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 12 89 theme cartilage 2459:2467 arg1 surfaces 2469:2476 the different cartilage surfaces 2445:2476 the different cartilage surfaces in the knee 2445:2488 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 5 90 theme osteochondral 805:817 arg1 condyle 827:833 osteochondral femoral condyle 805:833 osteochondral femoral condyle 805:833 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 6 91 theme collagen 1283:1290 arg1 type 1292:1295 collagen type I and II 1283:1304 collagen type I and II 1283:1304 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 1 92 theme cartilage 188:196 arg1 function 166:173 The function 162:173 The function of articular cartilage as an avascular tissue 162:219 The function of articular cartilage as an avascular tissue is mainly served by collagen type II and proteoglycan molecules. 28302318 15 93 theme composite 3080:3088 arg1 response 3044:3051 the response 3040:3051 the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress 3040:3164 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 4 94 theme anatomical 688:697 arg1 side 699:702 the anatomical side 684:702 the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) 684:722 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 0 95 theme different 126:134 arg1 stages 136:141 different stages 126:141 different stages of osteoarthritis 126:159 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 11 96 theme transitional 1992:2003 arg1 zone 2005:2008 the transitional zone 1988:2008 the transitional zone 1988:2008 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 13 97 theme different 2612:2620 arg1 loops 2655:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 5 98 theme patients 869:876 arg1 samples 858:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples 795:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 795:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 15 99 theme structure 3066:3074 arg1 response 3044:3051 the response 3040:3051 the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress 3040:3164 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 0 100 from expression 77:86 arg1 stages 136:141 different stages 126:141 different stages of osteoarthritis 126:159 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 14 101 theme increased 2910:2918 arg1 synthesis 2920:2928 increased synthesis 2910:2928 increased synthesis 2910:2928 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 13 102 theme feedback 2632:2639 arg1 loops 2655:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 different resulting feedback amplification loops 2612:2659 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 6 103 dep real-time 1336:1344 arg1 RT 1347:1348 RT 1347:1348 RT 1347:1348 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 14 104 theme differing 2837:2845 arg1 properties 2858:2867 the considerably differing mechanical properties 2820:2867 the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces 2820:2890 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 11 105 theme zonal 2023:2027 arg1 anatomy 2029:2035 zonal anatomy 2023:2035 zonal anatomy 2023:2035 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 6 106 theme gene 1264:1267 arg1 expression 1269:1278 the gene expression 1260:1278 the gene expression of collagen type I and II 1260:1304 We quantified our results on the gene expression of collagen type I and II and aggrecan with the help of real-time (RT)-PCR. 28302318 11 107 dep specimens 2080:2088 arg1 weak 2210:2213 weak 2210:2213 weak 2210:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 14 108 theme mechanical 2847:2856 arg1 properties 2858:2867 the considerably differing mechanical properties 2820:2867 the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces 2820:2890 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 5 109 theme histological-histochemical 1102:1127 arg1 HHGS 1145:1148 HHGS 1145:1148 HHGS 1145:1148 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 109 theme histological-histochemical 1102:1127 arg1 system 1137:1142 the histological-histochemical grading system 1098:1142 the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 1098:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 110 theme Group 954:958 arg1 1b 990:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 110 theme Group 954:958 arg1 A 960:960 Group A 954:960 Group A 954:960 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 14 111 theme joint 2877:2881 arg1 surfaces 2883:2890 both joint surfaces 2872:2890 both joint surfaces 2872:2890 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 8 112 theme deeper 1484:1489 arg1 layers 1491:1496 deeper layers 1484:1496 deeper layers 1484:1496 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 11 113 from A 2070:2070 arg1 % 2042:2042 40% 2040:2042 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2040:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 113 from A 2070:2070 arg1 specimens 2051:2059 the specimens 2047:2059 the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2047:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 9 114 from expression 1720:1729 arg1 plateau 1745:1751 the medial plateau 1734:1751 the medial plateau 1734:1751 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 0 115 from immunhistochemistry 89:107 arg1 stages 136:141 different stages 126:141 different stages of osteoarthritis 126:159 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 5 116 dep advanced 1007:1014 arg1 B 1023:1023 Group B 1017:1023 Group B 1017:1023 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 116 dep advanced 1007:1014 arg1 30 1061:1062 30 1061:1062 30 1061:1062 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 116 dep advanced 1007:1014 arg1 grade 1047:1051 ICRS grade 3a/3b 1042:1057 ICRS grade 3a/3b 1042:1057 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 11 117 from % 2042:2042 arg1 A 2070:2070 group A 2064:2070 group A 2064:2070 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 11 117 from % 2042:2042 arg1 specimens 2080:2088 all specimens 2076:2088 all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak 2076:2213 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 0 118 theme chondrocyte 60:70 arg1 expression 77:86 the chondrocyte gene expression 56:86 the chondrocyte gene expression 56:86 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 10 119 theme late 1800:1803 arg1 diseases 1811:1818 late stage diseases 1800:1818 late stage diseases 1800:1818 There in late stage diseases the collagen type I expression was also more pronounced. 28302318 5 120 theme areas 934:938 arg1 endoprosthesis 916:929 total knee endoprosthesis 905:929 total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 905:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 15 121 theme productivity 3121:3132 arg1 response 3044:3051 the response 3040:3051 the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress 3040:3164 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 9 122 theme medial 1738:1743 arg1 plateau 1745:1751 the medial plateau 1734:1751 the medial plateau 1734:1751 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 14 123 theme aggrecan 2724:2731 arg1 loss 2716:2719 The initial loss 2704:2719 The initial loss of aggrecan 2704:2731 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 5 124 theme serial 798:803 arg1 samples 858:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples 795:864 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) 795:1149 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 125 theme mild 948:951 arg1 osteoarthritis 1070:1083 mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis 948:1083 mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis 948:1083 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 0 126 from differences 9:19 arg1 immunhistochemistry 89:107 immunhistochemistry 89:107 immunhistochemistry 89:107 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 0 126 from differences 9:19 arg1 expression 77:86 the chondrocyte gene expression 56:86 the chondrocyte gene expression 56:86 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 0 126 from differences 9:19 arg1 composite 113:121 composite 113:121 composite 113:121 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 13 127 theme Younǵs 2561:2566 arg1 modulus 2568:2574 Younǵs modulus 2561:2574 Younǵs modulus 2561:2574 As directly measured Poissońs ratio in tibial cartilage is higher but Younǵs modulus is lower than in femoral cartilage, different resulting feedback amplification loops interact with proceeding cartilage damage. 28302318 15 128 theme chondrocytes 3091:3102 arg1 response 3044:3051 the response 3040:3051 the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress 3040:3164 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 14 129 from surfaces 2883:2890 arg1 properties 2858:2867 the considerably differing mechanical properties 2820:2867 the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces 2820:2890 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 15 130 theme present 2975:2981 arg1 study 2983:2987 The present study 2971:2987 The present study 2971:2987 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 8 131 theme repair 1550:1555 arg1 process 1557:1563 a persisting but initially still intact repair process 1510:1563 a persisting but initially still intact repair process 1510:1563 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 12 132 dep preferential 2288:2299 arg1 exposed 2301:2307 exposed 2301:2307 exposed to compressive stresses 2301:2331 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 3 133 theme specific 460:467 arg1 alterations 469:479 specific alterations 460:479 specific alterations in cartilage composition 460:504 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 5 134 theme tibial 843:848 arg1 plateau 850:856 the tibial plateau 839:856 the tibial plateau 839:856 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 135 theme ICRS 979:982 arg1 1b 990:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 ICRS grade 1b 979:991 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 135 theme ICRS 979:982 arg1 A 960:960 Group A 954:960 Group A 954:960 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 9 136 from increase 1628:1635 arg1 expression 1645:1654 gene expression 1640:1654 gene expression 1640:1654 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 14 137 theme initial 2708:2714 arg1 loss 2716:2719 The initial loss 2704:2719 The initial loss of aggrecan 2704:2731 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 12 138 theme tibial 2395:2400 arg1 side 2402:2405 the tibial side 2391:2405 the tibial side 2391:2405 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 0 139 theme tibial 24:29 arg1 cartilage 43:51 tibial and femoral cartilage 24:51 tibial and femoral cartilage 24:51 Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. 28302318 9 140 theme medial 1588:1593 arg1 plateau 1601:1607 the medial tibia plateau 1584:1607 the medial tibia plateau 1584:1607 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 11 141 theme B. 2099:2100 arg1 Correlation 2102:2112 group B. Correlation 2093:2112 group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR 2093:2198 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 4 142 theme quantitative 769:780 arg1 measurement 782:792 quantitative measurement 769:792 quantitative measurement 769:792 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 5 143 theme femoral 819:825 arg1 condyle 827:833 osteochondral femoral condyle 805:833 osteochondral femoral condyle 805:833 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 11 144 theme GAG 2161:2163 arg1 content 2165:2171 colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content 2122:2171 colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content 2122:2171 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 12 145 theme load 2370:2373 arg1 distribution 2375:2386 the load distribution 2366:2386 the load distribution 2366:2386 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 10 146 theme collagen 1824:1831 arg1 pronounced 1865:1874 pronounced 1865:1874 pronounced 1865:1874 There in late stage diseases the collagen type I expression was also more pronounced. 28302318 10 146 theme collagen 1824:1831 arg1 expression 1840:1849 the collagen type I expression 1820:1849 the collagen type I expression 1820:1849 There in late stage diseases the collagen type I expression was also more pronounced. 28302318 3 147 from alterations 469:479 arg1 composition 494:504 cartilage composition 484:504 cartilage composition 484:504 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 11 148 theme O 1905:1905 arg1 intensity 1916:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 14 149 theme matrix 2945:2950 arg1 enzymes 2962:2968 matrix degrading enzymes 2945:2968 matrix degrading enzymes 2945:2968 The initial loss of aggrecan may support Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in the access to the collagen network and the considerably differing mechanical properties at both joint surfaces result in varying increased synthesis and release of matrix degrading enzymes. 28302318 5 150 theme healthy 1173:1179 arg1 biopsies 1181:1188 20 healthy biopsies 1170:1188 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology 1170:1228 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 15 151 theme anatomical 3183:3192 arg1 site 3194:3197 the anatomical site 3179:3197 the anatomical site 3179:3197 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 9 152 theme initial 1613:1619 arg1 increase 1628:1635 the initial Col II increase 1609:1635 the initial Col II increase in gene expression 1609:1654 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 11 153 theme analysed 2139:2146 arg1 content 2165:2171 colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content 2122:2171 colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content 2122:2171 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 5 154 theme ICRS 1042:1045 arg1 B 1023:1023 Group B 1017:1023 Group B 1017:1023 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 5 154 theme ICRS 1042:1045 arg1 grade 1047:1051 ICRS grade 3a/3b 1042:1057 ICRS grade 3a/3b 1042:1057 60 serial osteochondral femoral condyle and the tibial plateau samples of patients undergoing implantation of total knee endoprosthesis of areas showing mild (Group A, macroscopically ICRS grade 1b) respectively advanced (Group B, macroscopically ICRS grade 3a/3b) (30 each) osteoarthritis according to the histological-histochemical grading system (HHGS) were compared with 20 healthy biopsies with immunohistochemistry and histology. 28302318 15 155 from changes 3137:3143 arg1 stress 3159:3164 mechanical stress 3148:3164 mechanical stress 3148:3164 The present study has identified a selection of events which reflect the response of cartilage structure and composite, chondrocytes itself and their productivity to changes in mechanical stress depending on the anatomical site. 28302318 4 156 dep side 699:702 arg1 tibial 716:721 tibial 716:721 tibial 716:721 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 4 156 dep side 699:702 arg1 femoral 705:711 femoral 705:711 femoral 705:711 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 8 157 theme increased 1428:1436 arg1 intensity 1445:1453 A slightly increased colour intensity 1417:1453 A slightly increased colour intensity 1417:1453 In group A slightly increased colour intensity was found for collagen II in deeper layers, suggesting a persisting but initially still intact repair process. 28302318 3 158 theme knee 553:556 arg1 joint 558:562 the human knee joint 543:562 the human knee joint 543:562 The current study was conducted to identify regional differences in specific alterations in cartilage composition during the osteoarthritic process of the human knee joint. 28302318 12 159 dep cartilage 2269:2277 arg1 contrast 2248:2255 contrast 2248:2255 contrast 2248:2255 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 11 160 theme decreased 1886:1894 arg1 intensity 1916:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity 1877:1924 Markedly decreased safranin O staining intensity was observed in the radial zone and less reduced intensity in the transitional zone with loss of zonal anatomy in 40% of the specimens in group A and all specimens in group B. Correlation between colorometrically analysed proteoglycan GAG content and aggrecan Real Time PCR is mainly weak. 28302318 4 161 theme matrix 646:651 arg1 molecules 615:623 the key molecules 607:623 the key molecules of the extracellular matrix 607:651 Therefor the changes in the expression of the key molecules of the extracellular matrix were measured in dependence of the anatomical side (femoral vs tibial) and associated with immunohistochemistry and quantitative measurement. 28302318 12 162 theme menisci 2350:2356 arg1 presence 2338:2345 presence 2338:2345 presence of menisci 2338:2356 Tibial and femoral cartilage in contrast to patellar cartilage both are preferential exposed to compressive stresses, but presence of menisci affects the load distribution at the tibial side, which creates varying conditions for the different cartilage surfaces in the knee. 28302318 9 163 theme central 1777:1783 arg1 part 1785:1788 the central part 1773:1788 the central part 1773:1788 But especially on the medial tibia plateau the initial Col II increase in gene expression is followed by a decrease leading to the lowest over all Col II expression on the medial plateau, here especially in the central part. 28302318 1 164 theme collagen 241:248 arg1 type 250:253 collagen type II 241:256 collagen type II 241:256 The function of articular cartilage as an avascular tissue is mainly served by collagen type II and proteoglycan molecules. 24832129 6 0 from content 947:953 arg1 region 974:979 a three-phase region 960:979 a three-phase region located in between 960:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 0 from content 947:953 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 0 from content 947:953 arg1 area 885:888 one two-phase area 871:888 one two-phase area at high polymer content 871:912 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 0 from content 947:953 arg1 area 927:930 a two-phase area 915:930 a two-phase area at low polymer content 915:953 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 1 1 theme water/dextran 129:141 arg1 /BSA 148:151 the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 118:151 the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 118:151 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA was measured as well as modeled. 24832129 5 2 theme area 702:705 arg1 existence 669:677 the existence 665:677 the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility 636:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 6 3 theme low 935:937 arg1 content 947:953 low polymer content 935:953 low polymer content 935:953 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 5 4 theme subsystem 743:751 arg1 DEX/BSA 753:759 the subsystem DEX/BSA 739:759 the subsystem DEX/BSA 739:759 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 0 5 theme liquid 82:87 arg1 phases 89:94 three liquid phases 76:94 three liquid phases 76:94 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 5 6 theme information 618:628 arg1 sources 607:613 Both sources 602:613 Both sources of information 602:628 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 5 7 theme large 684:688 arg1 area 702:705 a large composition area 682:705 a large composition area of immiscibility 682:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 4 8 theme required 431:438 arg1 input 454:458 The required thermodynamic input 427:458 The required thermodynamic input 427:458 The required thermodynamic input comes from experiments concerning the binary subsystems, except for the polymer blend for which one interaction parameter had to be adjusted. 24832129 6 9 theme two-phase 917:925 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 9 theme two-phase 917:925 arg1 area 927:930 a two-phase area 915:930 a two-phase area at low polymer content 915:953 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 5 10 theme polymer 806:812 arg1 solutions 814:822 dilute polymer solutions 799:822 dilute polymer solutions 799:822 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 5 11 theme composition 690:700 arg1 area 702:705 a large composition area 682:705 a large composition area of immiscibility 682:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 7 12 theme phase 1025:1029 arg1 diagrams 1031:1038 calculated phase diagrams 1014:1038 calculated phase diagrams 1014:1038 Measured and calculated phase diagrams match qualitatively; the reasons for the quantitative discrepancies are being discussed. 24832129 1 13 theme DEX 144:146 arg1 /BSA 148:151 the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 118:151 the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 118:151 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA was measured as well as modeled. 24832129 0 14 theme phases 89:94 arg1 coexistence 61:71 coexistence 61:71 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 0:95 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 6 15 dep sections 861:868 arg1 region 974:979 a three-phase region 960:979 a three-phase region located in between 960:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 15 dep sections 861:868 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 15 dep sections 861:868 arg1 area 927:930 a two-phase area 915:930 a two-phase area at low polymer content 915:953 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 15 dep sections 861:868 arg1 area 885:888 one two-phase area 871:888 one two-phase area at high polymer content 871:912 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 5 16 dep yield 630:634 arg1 extending 765:773 extending 765:773 extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions 765:822 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 5 16 dep yield 630:634 arg1 starting 725:732 starting 725:732 starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA 725:759 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 5 17 theme solutions 814:822 arg1 region 789:794 the region 785:794 the region of dilute polymer solutions 785:822 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 0 18 theme aqueous 6:12 arg1 solutions 14:22 Joint aqueous solutions 0:22 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 0:95 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 4 19 theme thermodynamic 440:452 arg1 input 454:458 The required thermodynamic input 427:458 The required thermodynamic input 427:458 The required thermodynamic input comes from experiments concerning the binary subsystems, except for the polymer blend for which one interaction parameter had to be adjusted. 24832129 1 20 theme /BSA 148:151 arg1 diagram 107:113 The phase diagram 97:113 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 97:151 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA was measured as well as modeled. 24832129 0 21 theme Joint 0:4 arg1 solutions 14:22 Joint aqueous solutions 0:22 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 0:95 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 7 22 theme calculated 1014:1023 arg1 diagrams 1031:1038 calculated phase diagrams 1014:1038 calculated phase diagrams 1014:1038 Measured and calculated phase diagrams match qualitatively; the reasons for the quantitative discrepancies are being discussed. 24832129 0 23 theme bovine 39:44 arg1 albumin 52:58 bovine serum albumin 39:58 bovine serum albumin 39:58 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 3 24 theme globular 384:391 arg1 proteins 393:400 globular proteins 384:400 globular proteins with the same formalism 384:424 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 3 25 theme capable 327:333 arg1 approach 318:325 an approach 315:325 an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism 315:424 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 6 26 from content 906:912 arg1 region 974:979 a three-phase region 960:979 a three-phase region located in between 960:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 26 from content 906:912 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 26 from content 906:912 arg1 area 885:888 one two-phase area 871:888 one two-phase area at high polymer content 871:912 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 26 from content 906:912 arg1 area 927:930 a two-phase area 915:930 a two-phase area at low polymer content 915:953 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 2 27 theme coexisting 249:258 arg1 phases 260:265 the coexisting phases 245:265 the coexisting phases 245:265 On the experimental side, cloud points were determined and the coexisting phases were analyzed. 24832129 6 28 theme located 981:987 arg1 region 974:979 a three-phase region 960:979 a three-phase region located in between 960:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 28 theme located 981:987 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 3 29 theme theoretical 286:296 arg1 calculations 298:309 The theoretical calculations 282:309 The theoretical calculations 282:309 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 4 30 theme polymer 532:538 arg1 blend 540:544 the polymer blend 528:544 the polymer blend for which one interaction parameter had to be adjusted 528:599 The required thermodynamic input comes from experiments concerning the binary subsystems, except for the polymer blend for which one interaction parameter had to be adjusted. 24832129 3 31 theme polymers 368:375 arg1 solutions 349:357 solutions 349:357 solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism 349:424 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 6 32 theme polymer 898:904 arg1 content 906:912 high polymer content 893:912 high polymer content 893:912 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 33 theme three-phase 962:972 arg1 region 974:979 a three-phase region 960:979 a three-phase region located in between 960:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 33 theme three-phase 962:972 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 0 34 theme dextran 27:33 arg1 solutions 14:22 Joint aqueous solutions 0:22 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 0:95 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 4 35 theme binary 498:503 arg1 subsystems 505:514 the binary subsystems 494:514 the binary subsystems 494:514 The required thermodynamic input comes from experiments concerning the binary subsystems, except for the polymer blend for which one interaction parameter had to be adjusted. 24832129 7 36 theme quantitative 1081:1092 arg1 discrepancies 1094:1106 the quantitative discrepancies 1077:1106 the quantitative discrepancies 1077:1106 Measured and calculated phase diagrams match qualitatively; the reasons for the quantitative discrepancies are being discussed. 24832129 6 37 theme polymer 939:945 arg1 content 947:953 low polymer content 935:953 low polymer content 935:953 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 3 38 theme same 411:414 arg1 formalism 416:424 the same formalism 407:424 the same formalism 407:424 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 0 39 theme serum 46:50 arg1 albumin 52:58 bovine serum albumin 39:58 bovine serum albumin 39:58 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 6 40 theme high 893:896 arg1 content 906:912 high polymer content 893:912 high polymer content 893:912 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 3 41 theme proteins 393:400 arg1 solutions 349:357 solutions 349:357 solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism 349:424 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 5 42 theme essential 645:653 arg1 features 655:662 the same essential features 636:662 the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility 636:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 3 43 theme chain 362:366 arg1 polymers 368:375 chain polymers 362:375 chain polymers 362:375 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 5 44 theme same 640:643 arg1 features 655:662 the same essential features 636:662 the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility 636:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 1 45 theme phase 101:105 arg1 diagram 107:113 The phase diagram 97:113 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 97:151 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA was measured as well as modeled. 24832129 6 46 theme two-phase 875:883 arg1 sections 861:868 three sections 855:868 three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between 855:998 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 6 46 theme two-phase 875:883 arg1 area 885:888 one two-phase area 871:888 one two-phase area at high polymer content 871:912 This range is subdivided into three sections: one two-phase area at high polymer content, a two-phase area at low polymer content, and a three-phase region located in between. 24832129 3 47 with proteins 393:400 arg1 formalism 416:424 the same formalism 407:424 the same formalism 407:424 The theoretical calculations use an approach capable of describing solutions of chain polymers and of globular proteins with the same formalism. 24832129 2 48 theme cloud 212:216 arg1 points 218:223 cloud points 212:223 cloud points 212:223 On the experimental side, cloud points were determined and the coexisting phases were analyzed. 24832129 5 49 theme immiscibility 710:722 arg1 area 702:705 a large composition area 682:705 a large composition area of immiscibility 682:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 0 50 dep solutions 14:22 arg1 coexistence 61:71 coexistence 61:71 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 0:95 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 4 51 theme interaction 560:570 arg1 parameter 572:580 one interaction parameter 556:580 one interaction parameter 556:580 The required thermodynamic input comes from experiments concerning the binary subsystems, except for the polymer blend for which one interaction parameter had to be adjusted. 24832129 5 52 theme dilute 799:804 arg1 solutions 814:822 dilute polymer solutions 799:822 dilute polymer solutions 799:822 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 24832129 0 53 theme albumin 52:58 arg1 solutions 14:22 Joint aqueous solutions 0:22 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 0:95 Joint aqueous solutions of dextran and bovine serum albumin: coexistence of three liquid phases. 24832129 2 54 theme experimental 193:204 arg1 side 206:209 the experimental side 189:209 the experimental side 189:209 On the experimental side, cloud points were determined and the coexisting phases were analyzed. 24832129 1 55 theme system 122:127 arg1 /BSA 148:151 the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 118:151 the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA 118:151 The phase diagram of the system water/dextran (DEX)/BSA was measured as well as modeled. 24832129 5 56 dep features 655:662 arg1 existence 669:677 the existence 665:677 the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility 636:722 Both sources of information yield the same essential features: the existence of a large composition area of immiscibility, starting from the subsystem DEX/BSA and extending well into the region of dilute polymer solutions. 27515418 6 0 theme large-scale 1059:1069 arg1 cultivation 1080:1090 future large-scale duckweed cultivation 1052:1090 future large-scale duckweed cultivation 1052:1090 The present study provides useful references for future large-scale duckweed cultivation. 27515418 1 1 theme Landoltia 149:157 arg1 punctata 159:166 Landoltia punctata 5506 149:171 Landoltia punctata 5506 149:171 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 6 2 theme present 1007:1013 arg1 study 1015:1019 The present study 1003:1019 The present study 1003:1019 The present study provides useful references for future large-scale duckweed cultivation. 27515418 0 3 from effects 9:15 arg1 starch 45:50 starch 45:50 starch 45:50 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation. 27515418 0 3 from effects 9:15 arg1 accumulation 64:75 protein accumulation 56:75 protein accumulation 56:75 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation. 27515418 5 4 theme biomass 986:992 arg1 quality 994:1000 biomass quality 986:1000 biomass quality 986:1000 These findings indicated that proper combination of duckweed species could facilitate desirable biomass accumulation and improve biomass quality. 27515418 1 5 theme starch/protein 249:262 arg1 content 264:270 biomass and starch/protein content 237:270 content 264:270 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 4 6 dep showed 578:583 arg1 showed 652:657 showed 652:657 showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures 578:740 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 4 7 theme polycultures 639:650 arg1 rate 610:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 4 7 theme polycultures 639:650 arg1 majority 623:630 the majority 619:630 the majority of the polycultures 619:650 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 1 8 theme phosphorus 356:365 arg1 concentrations 367:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 8 theme phosphorus 356:365 arg1 levels 303:308 different levels 293:308 different levels of temperature 293:323 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 4 9 theme median 587:592 arg1 rate 610:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 4 10 theme starch/protein 810:823 arg1 accumulation 794:805 the accumulation 790:805 the accumulation of starch/protein 790:823 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 5 11 theme species 918:924 arg1 combination 894:904 proper combination 887:904 proper combination of duckweed species 887:924 These findings indicated that proper combination of duckweed species could facilitate desirable biomass accumulation and improve biomass quality. 27515418 5 12 theme duckweed 909:916 arg1 species 918:924 duckweed species 909:924 duckweed species 909:924 These findings indicated that proper combination of duckweed species could facilitate desirable biomass accumulation and improve biomass quality. 27515418 4 13 theme starch/protein 672:685 arg1 content 687:693 a median and starch/protein content 659:693 content 687:693 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 1 14 dep composition 109:119 arg1 polyrhiza 187:195 polyrhiza 187:195 polyrhiza 187:195 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 14 dep composition 109:119 arg1 punctata 159:166 Landoltia punctata 5506 149:171 Landoltia punctata 5506 149:171 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 14 dep composition 109:119 arg1 aequinoctialis 128:141 aequinoctialis 128:141 aequinoctialis 128:141 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 5 15 theme biomass 953:959 arg1 accumulation 961:972 desirable biomass accumulation 943:972 desirable biomass accumulation 943:972 These findings indicated that proper combination of duckweed species could facilitate desirable biomass accumulation and improve biomass quality. 27515418 4 16 theme different 828:836 arg1 conditions 845:854 different growth conditions 828:854 different growth conditions 828:854 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 5 17 theme desirable 943:951 arg1 accumulation 961:972 desirable biomass accumulation 943:972 desirable biomass accumulation 943:972 These findings indicated that proper combination of duckweed species could facilitate desirable biomass accumulation and improve biomass quality. 27515418 2 18 theme growth 393:398 arg1 parameters 400:409 The three growth parameters 383:409 The three growth parameters 383:409 The three growth parameters significantly affect duckweed biomass accumulation. 27515418 0 19 theme Positive 0:7 arg1 effects 9:15 Positive effects 0:15 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation 0:75 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation. 27515418 1 20 from composition 109:119 arg1 monoculture 222:232 monoculture 222:232 monoculture 222:232 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 20 from composition 109:119 arg1 polyculture 206:216 polyculture 206:216 polyculture 206:216 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 3 21 theme Different 463:471 arg1 combinations 473:484 Different combinations 463:484 Different combinations of duckweed species 463:504 Different combinations of duckweed species greatly varied in starch/protein content. 27515418 0 22 theme duckweed 20:27 arg1 polycultures 29:40 duckweed polycultures 20:40 duckweed polycultures 20:40 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation. 27515418 4 23 theme growth 603:608 arg1 rate 610:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 1 24 theme duckweed 92:99 arg1 composition 109:119 duckweed species composition 92:119 duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture 92:232 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 25 theme different 293:301 arg1 concentrations 367:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 25 theme different 293:301 arg1 intensity 332:340 light intensity 326:340 light intensity 326:340 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 25 theme different 293:301 arg1 levels 303:308 different levels 293:308 different levels of temperature 293:323 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 4 26 theme growth 838:843 arg1 conditions 845:854 different growth conditions 828:854 different growth conditions 828:854 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 1 27 theme species 101:107 arg1 composition 109:119 duckweed species composition 92:119 duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture 92:232 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 2 28 theme biomass 441:447 arg1 accumulation 449:460 duckweed biomass accumulation 432:460 duckweed biomass accumulation 432:460 The three growth parameters significantly affect duckweed biomass accumulation. 27515418 6 29 theme future 1052:1057 arg1 cultivation 1080:1090 future large-scale duckweed cultivation 1052:1090 future large-scale duckweed cultivation 1052:1090 The present study provides useful references for future large-scale duckweed cultivation. 27515418 3 30 theme duckweed 489:496 arg1 species 498:504 duckweed species 489:504 duckweed species 489:504 Different combinations of duckweed species greatly varied in starch/protein content. 27515418 1 31 theme nitrogen 343:350 arg1 concentrations 367:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 31 theme nitrogen 343:350 arg1 levels 303:308 different levels 293:308 different levels of temperature 293:323 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 4 32 theme respective 718:727 arg1 monocultures 729:740 their respective monocultures 712:740 their respective monocultures 712:740 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 2 33 theme duckweed 432:439 arg1 accumulation 449:460 duckweed biomass accumulation 432:460 duckweed biomass accumulation 432:460 The three growth parameters significantly affect duckweed biomass accumulation. 27515418 0 34 theme polycultures 29:40 arg1 effects 9:15 Positive effects 0:15 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation 0:75 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation. 27515418 5 35 theme proper 887:892 arg1 combination 894:904 proper combination 887:904 proper combination of duckweed species 887:924 These findings indicated that proper combination of duckweed species could facilitate desirable biomass accumulation and improve biomass quality. 27515418 3 36 theme species 498:504 arg1 combinations 473:484 Different combinations 463:484 Different combinations of duckweed species 463:504 Different combinations of duckweed species greatly varied in starch/protein content. 27515418 1 37 theme temperature 313:323 arg1 concentrations 367:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations 343:380 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 37 theme temperature 313:323 arg1 intensity 332:340 light intensity 326:340 light intensity 326:340 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 37 theme temperature 313:323 arg1 levels 303:308 different levels 293:308 different levels of temperature 293:323 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 6 38 theme duckweed 1071:1078 arg1 cultivation 1080:1090 future large-scale duckweed cultivation 1052:1090 future large-scale duckweed cultivation 1052:1090 The present study provides useful references for future large-scale duckweed cultivation. 27515418 1 39 from polyculture 206:216 arg1 effect 82:87 The effect 78:87 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content 78:270 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 40 theme composition 109:119 arg1 effect 82:87 The effect 78:87 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content 78:270 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 6 41 theme useful 1030:1035 arg1 references 1037:1046 useful references 1030:1046 useful references 1030:1046 The present study provides useful references for future large-scale duckweed cultivation. 27515418 4 42 theme relative 594:601 arg1 rate 610:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 a median relative growth rate 585:613 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 1 43 theme light 326:330 arg1 intensity 332:340 light intensity 326:340 light intensity 326:340 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 43 theme light 326:330 arg1 levels 303:308 different levels 293:308 different levels of temperature 293:323 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 44 from monoculture 222:232 arg1 effect 82:87 The effect 78:87 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content 78:270 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 3 45 theme starch/protein 524:537 arg1 content 539:545 starch/protein content 524:545 starch/protein content 524:545 Different combinations of duckweed species greatly varied in starch/protein content. 27515418 1 46 from effect 82:87 arg1 content 264:270 biomass and starch/protein content 237:270 content 264:270 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 46 from effect 82:87 arg1 monoculture 222:232 monoculture 222:232 monoculture 222:232 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 1 46 from effect 82:87 arg1 polyculture 206:216 polyculture 206:216 polyculture 206:216 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27515418 0 47 theme protein 56:62 arg1 accumulation 64:75 protein accumulation 56:75 protein accumulation 56:75 Positive effects of duckweed polycultures on starch and protein accumulation. 27515418 4 48 theme median 661:666 arg1 content 687:693 a median and starch/protein content 659:693 content 687:693 Although all the polycultures showed a median relative growth rate and the majority of the polycultures showed a median and starch/protein content as compared with their respective monocultures, some of the polycultures were found to promote the accumulation of starch/protein at different growth conditions. 27515418 1 49 theme biomass 237:243 arg1 content 264:270 biomass and starch/protein content 237:270 content 264:270 The effect of duckweed species composition (Lemna aequinoctialis 5505, Landoltia punctata 5506 and Spirodela polyrhiza 5507) in polyculture and monoculture on biomass and starch/protein content were investigated at different levels of temperature, light intensity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. 27474676 0 0 theme shell 67:71 arg1 fibers 86:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 2 1 theme enhanced 326:333 arg1 properties 346:355 enhanced mechanical properties 326:355 enhanced mechanical properties 326:355 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 1 2 theme polyurethane 241:252 arg1 fibers 231:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers 197:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 197:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 0 3 theme electrospun 74:84 arg1 fibers 86:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 3 4 theme drug 643:646 arg1 delivery 648:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 2 5 theme mechanical 481:490 arg1 0.2±0.03MPa 502:512 0.2±0.03MPa 502:512 0.2±0.03MPa 502:512 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 5 theme mechanical 481:490 arg1 strength 492:499 a poor mechanical strength 474:499 a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa) 474:513 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 6 contain possess 318:324 arg2 properties 346:355 enhanced mechanical properties 326:355 enhanced mechanical properties 326:355 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 6 contain possess 318:324 arg1 fibers 311:316 The designed fibers 298:316 The designed fibers 298:316 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 7 theme poor 476:479 arg1 0.2±0.03MPa 502:512 0.2±0.03MPa 502:512 0.2±0.03MPa 502:512 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 7 theme poor 476:479 arg1 strength 492:499 a poor mechanical strength 474:499 a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa) 474:513 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 8 theme clear 410:414 arg1 13.27±2.32MPa 384:396 13.27±2.32MPa 384:396 13.27±2.32MPa 384:396 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 8 theme clear 410:414 arg1 improvement 416:426 a clear improvement 408:426 a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa) 408:513 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 9 theme tensile 364:370 arg1 strength 372:379 a tensile strength 362:379 a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa) 362:513 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 0 10 theme responsive 3:12 arg1 polyurethane 14:25 pH responsive polyurethane 0:25 pH responsive polyurethane (core) 0:32 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 0 10 theme responsive 3:12 arg1 core 28:31 core 28:31 core 28:31 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 0 11 theme pH 0:1 arg1 polyurethane 14:25 pH responsive polyurethane 0:25 pH responsive polyurethane (core) 0:32 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 0 11 theme pH 0:1 arg1 core 28:31 core 28:31 core 28:31 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 3 12 theme pH 532:533 arg1 responsiveness 535:548 pH responsiveness 532:548 pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 532:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 0 13 theme drug 110:113 arg1 delivery 115:122 intravaginal drug delivery 97:122 intravaginal drug delivery 97:122 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 1 14 theme co-axial 161:168 arg1 electrospinning 170:184 co-axial electrospinning 161:184 co-axial electrospinning 161:184 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 1 15 theme cellulose 263:271 arg1 CAP 292:294 CAP 292:294 CAP 292:294 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 1 15 theme cellulose 263:271 arg1 phthalate 281:289 cellulose acetate phthalate 263:289 cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 263:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 0 16 theme intravaginal 97:108 arg1 delivery 115:122 intravaginal drug delivery 97:122 intravaginal drug delivery 97:122 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 1 17 theme electrospinning 170:184 arg1 use 154:156 the use 150:156 the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 150:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 2 18 theme CAP 446:448 arg1 fibers 450:455 the existing CAP fibers 433:455 the existing CAP fibers 433:455 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 1 19 theme acetate 273:279 arg1 CAP 292:294 CAP 292:294 CAP 292:294 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 1 19 theme acetate 273:279 arg1 phthalate 281:289 cellulose acetate phthalate 263:289 cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 263:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 1 20 attach present 142:148 arg2 we 139:140 we 139:140 we 139:140 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 1 20 attach present 142:148 arg1 study 133:137 this study 128:137 this study 128:137 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 2 21 theme 13.27±2.32MPa 384:396 arg1 strength 372:379 a tensile strength 362:379 a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa) 362:513 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 2 22 theme existing 437:444 arg1 fibers 450:455 the existing CAP fibers 433:455 the existing CAP fibers 433:455 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 1 23 theme phthalate 281:289 arg1 fibers 231:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers 197:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 197:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 3 24 theme core-shell 557:566 arg1 structure 568:576 the core-shell structure 553:576 the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 553:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 0 25 theme cellulose 38:46 arg1 fibers 86:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 2 26 theme designed 302:309 arg1 fibers 311:316 The designed fibers 298:316 The designed fibers 298:316 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 27474676 3 27 theme intravaginal 629:640 arg1 delivery 648:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 1 28 theme core-shell 197:206 arg1 fibers 231:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers 197:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 197:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 3 29 theme sensitive 617:625 arg1 delivery 648:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 3 30 theme fibers 589:594 arg1 potential 596:604 the fibers potential 585:604 the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 585:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 1 31 theme composite 208:216 arg1 fibers 231:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers 197:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 197:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 0 32 theme phthalate 56:64 arg1 fibers 86:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 3 33 theme " 626:626 arg1 delivery 648:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery 610:655 The CAP imparts pH responsiveness to the core-shell structure giving the fibers potential for "semen sensitive" (intravaginal) drug delivery. 27474676 1 34 theme micro-/nano- 218:229 arg1 fibers 231:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers 197:236 core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 197:295 In this study we present the use of co-axial electrospinning to produce core-shell composite micro-/nano- fibers of polyurethane (PU) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). 27474676 0 35 theme acetate 48:54 arg1 fibers 86:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers 38:91 pH responsive polyurethane (core) and cellulose acetate phthalate (shell) electrospun fibers for intravaginal drug delivery. 27474676 2 36 theme mechanical 335:344 arg1 properties 346:355 enhanced mechanical properties 326:355 enhanced mechanical properties 326:355 The designed fibers possess enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 13.27±2.32MPa, which is a clear improvement over the existing CAP fibers that suffer from a poor mechanical strength (0.2±0.03MPa). 26299710 1 0 theme PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion 153:180 arg1 IC 191:192 IC 191:192 IC 191:192 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 1 0 theme PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion 153:180 arg1 complex 182:188 PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex 153:188 PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) 153:193 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 6 1 theme films 1035:1039 arg1 crystallinity 1003:1015 The crystallinity 999:1015 The crystallinity of both composite films 999:1039 The crystallinity of both composite films improved by increasing IC or β-CD content. 26299710 7 2 theme composite 1089:1097 arg1 films 1099:1103 Both composite films 1084:1103 Both composite films 1084:1103 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 3 3 theme poor 601:604 arg1 interaction 618:628 poor interfacial interaction 601:628 poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties 601:658 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 2 4 theme films 347:351 arg1 barrier 305:311 barrier 305:311 barrier 305:311 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 2 4 theme films 347:351 arg1 stability 274:282 Thermal stability 266:282 Thermal stability 266:282 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 2 4 theme films 347:351 arg1 morphology 293:302 surface morphology 285:302 surface morphology 285:302 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 2 4 theme films 347:351 arg1 properties 329:338 mechanical properties 318:338 mechanical properties 318:338 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 5 5 theme glass 919:923 arg1 transition 925:934 the glass transition 915:934 the glass transition 915:934 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 0 6 theme complex 100:106 arg1 systems 108:114 PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems 71:114 PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems 71:114 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 3 7 theme interfacial 606:616 arg1 interaction 618:628 poor interfacial interaction 601:628 poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties 601:658 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 8 8 theme lower 1265:1269 arg1 strength 1279:1286 lower tensile strength 1265:1286 lower tensile strength 1265:1286 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 4 9 theme property 686:693 arg1 analysis 695:702 the thermal property analysis 674:702 the thermal property analysis 674:702 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 9 10 theme PLA-based 1424:1432 arg1 films 1434:1438 PLA-based films 1424:1438 PLA-based films 1424:1438 In conclusion, this study shows that the IC technique is valuable to improve the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films. 26299710 0 11 theme PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion 71:98 arg1 systems 108:114 PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems 71:114 PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems 71:114 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 3 12 theme PLA 647:649 arg1 moieties 651:658 PLA moieties 647:658 PLA moieties 647:658 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 4 13 theme thermal 678:684 arg1 analysis 695:702 the thermal property analysis 674:702 the thermal property analysis 674:702 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 2 14 theme surface 285:291 arg1 morphology 293:302 surface morphology 285:302 surface morphology 285:302 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 3 15 theme PLA-IC-composite 439:454 arg1 IC-PLA-CFs 463:472 IC-PLA-CFs 463:472 IC-PLA-CFs 463:472 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 3 15 theme PLA-IC-composite 439:454 arg1 films 456:460 The PLA-IC-composite films 435:460 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) 435:473 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 7 16 theme PLA 1206:1208 arg1 film 1210:1213 pure PLA film 1201:1213 pure PLA film 1201:1213 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 5 17 theme higher 971:976 arg1 regions 990:996 higher temperature regions 971:996 higher temperature regions 971:996 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 4 18 theme dimensional 746:756 arg1 changes 758:764 6.6 times lower dimensional changes 730:764 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) 730:771 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 4 18 theme dimensional 746:756 arg1 % 770:770 6.5% 767:770 6.5% 767:770 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 3 19 contain containing 529:538 arg2 β-CD-PLA-CFs 546:557 β-CD-PLA-CFs 546:557 β-CD-PLA-CFs 546:557 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 3 19 contain containing 529:538 arg2 β-CD 540:543 β-CD 540:543 β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) 540:558 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 3 19 contain containing 529:538 arg1 samples 521:527 samples 521:527 samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) 521:558 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 5 20 from increase 849:856 arg1 films 901:905 the PLA-composite films 883:905 the PLA-composite films 883:905 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 7 21 theme pure 1201:1204 arg1 film 1210:1213 pure PLA film 1201:1213 pure PLA film 1201:1213 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 0 22 theme thermal 9:15 arg1 stability 17:25 Improved thermal stability 0:25 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) 0:50 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 5 23 theme temperature 978:988 arg1 regions 990:996 higher temperature regions 971:996 higher temperature regions 971:996 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 3 24 theme uniform 482:488 arg1 structure 504:512 uniform morphological structure 482:512 uniform morphological structure 482:512 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 2 25 theme IC 378:379 arg1 concentrations 419:432 varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations 370:432 varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations 370:432 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 0 26 theme Improved 0:7 arg1 stability 17:25 Improved thermal stability 0:25 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) 0:50 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 3 27 theme morphological 490:502 arg1 structure 504:512 uniform morphological structure 482:512 uniform morphological structure 482:512 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 2 28 theme varying 370:376 arg1 concentrations 419:432 varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations 370:432 varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations 370:432 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 6 29 theme β-CD 1070:1073 arg1 content 1075:1081 β-CD content 1070:1081 β-CD content 1070:1081 The crystallinity of both composite films improved by increasing IC or β-CD content. 26299710 1 30 from effects 121:127 arg1 films 241:245 biopolyester PLA films 224:245 biopolyester PLA films 224:245 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 9 31 theme films 1434:1438 arg1 stability 1411:1419 the thermal expansion stability 1389:1419 the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films 1389:1438 In conclusion, this study shows that the IC technique is valuable to improve the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films. 26299710 1 32 theme β-cyclodextrin 199:212 arg1 incorporation 136:148 the incorporation 132:148 the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) 132:219 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 6 33 theme composite 1025:1033 arg1 films 1035:1039 both composite films 1020:1039 both composite films 1020:1039 The crystallinity of both composite films improved by increasing IC or β-CD content. 26299710 3 34 theme high 567:570 arg1 agglomeration 572:584 high agglomeration 567:584 high agglomeration of β-CD 567:592 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 1 35 theme complex 182:188 arg1 incorporation 136:148 the incorporation 132:148 the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) 132:219 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 9 36 theme IC 1353:1354 arg1 technique 1356:1364 the IC technique 1349:1364 the IC technique 1349:1364 In conclusion, this study shows that the IC technique is valuable to improve the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films. 26299710 9 36 theme IC 1353:1354 arg1 valuable 1369:1376 valuable 1369:1376 valuable 1369:1376 In conclusion, this study shows that the IC technique is valuable to improve the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films. 26299710 0 37 theme acid 41:44 arg1 stability 17:25 Improved thermal stability 0:25 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) 0:50 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 9 38 theme expansion 1401:1409 arg1 stability 1411:1419 the thermal expansion stability 1389:1419 the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films 1389:1438 In conclusion, this study shows that the IC technique is valuable to improve the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films. 26299710 4 39 theme pure 822:825 arg1 film 831:834 pure PLA film 822:834 pure PLA film (43.0%) 822:842 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 4 39 theme pure 822:825 arg1 % 841:841 43.0% 837:841 43.0% 837:841 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 8 40 theme pure 1297:1300 arg1 film 1306:1309 the pure PLA film 1293:1309 the pure PLA film 1293:1309 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 5 41 theme β-CD 867:870 arg1 content 872:878 β-CD content 867:878 β-CD content 867:878 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 0 42 theme polylactic 30:39 arg1 acid 41:44 polylactic acid 30:44 polylactic acid (PLA) 30:50 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 0 42 theme polylactic 30:39 arg1 PLA 47:49 PLA 47:49 PLA 47:49 Improved thermal stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composite film via PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex systems. 26299710 2 43 theme β-CD 403:406 arg1 concentrations 419:432 varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations 370:432 varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations 370:432 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 5 44 theme content 872:878 arg1 increase 849:856 The increase 845:856 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films 845:905 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 7 45 theme β-CD 1161:1164 arg1 content 1166:1172 β-CD content 1161:1172 β-CD content 1161:1172 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 8 46 theme composite 1224:1232 arg1 films 1234:1238 All the composite films 1216:1238 All the composite films 1216:1238 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 5 47 theme crystallization 940:954 arg1 temperature 956:966 crystallization temperature 940:966 crystallization temperature 940:966 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 4 48 theme lower 740:744 arg1 changes 758:764 6.6 times lower dimensional changes 730:764 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) 730:771 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 4 48 theme lower 740:744 arg1 % 770:770 6.5% 767:770 6.5% 767:770 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 4 49 theme temperature 780:790 arg1 range 792:796 the temperature range 776:796 the temperature range of 20-80°C 776:807 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 5 50 theme PLA-composite 887:899 arg1 films 901:905 the PLA-composite films 883:905 the PLA-composite films 883:905 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 4 51 theme 20-80°C 801:807 arg1 range 792:796 the temperature range 776:796 the temperature range of 20-80°C 776:807 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 4 52 theme 5 709:709 arg1 % 710:710 % 710:710 % 710:710 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 2 53 theme Thermal 266:272 arg1 stability 274:282 Thermal stability 266:282 Thermal stability 266:282 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 7 54 theme vapor 1133:1137 arg1 permeability 1139:1150 higher oxygen and water vapor permeability 1109:1150 permeability 1139:1150 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 9 55 theme thermal 1393:1399 arg1 stability 1411:1419 the thermal expansion stability 1389:1419 the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films 1389:1438 In conclusion, this study shows that the IC technique is valuable to improve the thermal expansion stability of PLA-based films. 26299710 8 56 theme PLA 1302:1304 arg1 film 1306:1309 the pure PLA film 1293:1309 the pure PLA film 1293:1309 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 8 57 theme tensile 1271:1277 arg1 strength 1279:1286 lower tensile strength 1265:1286 lower tensile strength 1265:1286 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 2 58 theme mechanical 318:327 arg1 properties 329:338 mechanical properties 318:338 mechanical properties 318:338 Thermal stability, surface morphology, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films were measured at varying IC (1, 3, 5, and 7%) and β-CD (1 and 5%) concentrations. 26299710 1 59 theme biopolyester 224:235 arg1 films 241:245 biopolyester PLA films 224:245 biopolyester PLA films 224:245 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 3 60 theme β-CD 589:592 arg1 agglomeration 572:584 high agglomeration 567:584 high agglomeration of β-CD 567:592 The PLA-IC-composite films (IC-PLA-CFs) showed uniform morphological structure, while samples containing β-CD (β-CD-PLA-CFs) showed high agglomeration of β-CD due to poor interfacial interaction between β-CD and PLA moieties. 26299710 5 61 theme IC 861:862 arg1 increase 849:856 The increase 845:856 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films 845:905 The increase of IC or β-CD content in the PLA-composite films shifted the glass transition and crystallization temperature to higher temperature regions. 26299710 1 62 theme incorporation 136:148 arg1 effects 121:127 The effects 117:127 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films 117:245 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 1 63 theme PLA 237:239 arg1 films 241:245 biopolyester PLA films 224:245 biopolyester PLA films 224:245 The effects of the incorporation of PLA-β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex (IC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on biopolyester PLA films were investigated. 26299710 8 64 contain had 1240:1242 arg2 strength 1279:1286 lower tensile strength 1265:1286 lower tensile strength 1265:1286 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 8 64 contain had 1240:1242 arg1 films 1234:1238 All the composite films 1216:1238 All the composite films 1216:1238 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 8 64 contain had 1240:1242 arg2 flexibility 1249:1259 less flexibility 1244:1259 less flexibility 1244:1259 All the composite films had less flexibility and lower tensile strength than the pure PLA film. 26299710 4 65 theme % 710:710 arg1 IC-PLA-CFs 712:721 the 5% IC-PLA-CFs 705:721 the 5% IC-PLA-CFs 705:721 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 7 66 contain had 1105:1107 arg2 permeability 1139:1150 higher oxygen and water vapor permeability 1109:1150 permeability 1139:1150 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 7 66 contain had 1105:1107 arg1 films 1099:1103 Both composite films 1084:1103 Both composite films 1084:1103 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 7 66 contain had 1105:1107 arg2 oxygen 1116:1121 higher oxygen and water vapor permeability 1109:1150 oxygen 1116:1121 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 7 67 theme water 1127:1131 arg1 permeability 1139:1150 higher oxygen and water vapor permeability 1109:1150 permeability 1139:1150 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 7 68 theme higher 1109:1114 arg1 oxygen 1116:1121 higher oxygen and water vapor permeability 1109:1150 oxygen 1116:1121 Both composite films had higher oxygen and water vapor permeability as IC or β-CD content increased in comparison to pure PLA film. 26299710 4 69 theme PLA 827:829 arg1 film 831:834 pure PLA film 822:834 pure PLA film (43.0%) 822:842 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 26299710 4 69 theme PLA 827:829 arg1 % 841:841 43.0% 837:841 43.0% 837:841 According to the thermal property analysis, the 5% IC-PLA-CFs showed 6.6 times lower dimensional changes (6.5%) at the temperature range of 20-80°C than that of pure PLA film (43.0%). 27496768 7 0 theme growth 1346:1351 arg1 defects 1353:1359 the growth defects 1342:1359 the growth defects 1342:1359 To overcome the growth defects, we applied a mutagenesis technique that is based on the disparity theory of evolution. 27496768 3 1 from engineering 449:459 arg1 cells 517:521 yeast cells 511:521 yeast cells 511:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 9 2 theme oligosaccharide 1715:1729 arg1 pathways 1741:1748 oligosaccharide synthetic pathways 1715:1748 oligosaccharide synthetic pathways 1715:1748 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 1 3 link N-linked 197:204 arg1 oligosaccharides 206:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 1 4 theme humanized 187:195 arg1 oligosaccharides 206:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 6 5 theme relative 1133:1140 arg1 amount 1142:1147 the relative amount 1129:1147 the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant 1129:1194 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 6 5 theme relative 1133:1140 arg1 oligosaccharides 1161:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 8 6 theme growth-recovered 1497:1512 arg1 strain 1514:1519 the growth-recovered strain 1493:1519 the growth-recovered strain 1493:1519 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 9 7 dep N- 1699:1700 arg1 pathways 1741:1748 oligosaccharide synthetic pathways 1715:1748 oligosaccharide synthetic pathways 1715:1748 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 6 8 link O-linked 1152:1159 arg1 oligosaccharides 1161:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 4 9 theme hybrid- 729:735 arg1 oligosaccharides 754:769 mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 719:769 mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 719:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 5 10 theme yeast 816:820 arg1 strain 822:827 a yeast strain 814:827 a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 814:873 First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 6 11 theme growth 1279:1284 arg1 defects 1286:1292 growth defects 1279:1292 growth defects 1279:1292 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 1 12 with biopharmaceuticals 163:180 arg1 oligosaccharides 206:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 2 13 theme protein 341:347 arg1 productivity 349:360 heterologous protein productivity 328:360 heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals 328:400 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 1 14 theme glycoproteins 146:158 arg1 production 132:141 the production 128:141 the production of glycoproteins 128:158 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 7 15 theme mutagenesis 1375:1385 arg1 technique 1387:1395 a mutagenesis technique 1373:1395 a mutagenesis technique that is based on the disparity theory of evolution 1373:1446 To overcome the growth defects, we applied a mutagenesis technique that is based on the disparity theory of evolution. 27496768 3 16 link N-linked 469:476 arg1 oligosaccharides 491:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 8 17 dep proteases 1531:1539 arg1 proteases 1531:1539 vacuolar proteases 1522:1539 vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 1522:1553 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 8 17 dep proteases 1531:1539 arg1 PRB1 1550:1553 PRB1 1550:1553 PRB1 1550:1553 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 8 17 dep proteases 1531:1539 arg1 PEP4 1541:1544 PEP4 1541:1544 PEP4 1541:1544 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 1 18 theme Yeast 91:95 arg1 biopharmaceuticals 163:180 biopharmaceuticals 163:180 biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 163:221 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 1 18 theme Yeast 91:95 arg1 cells 97:101 Yeast cells 91:101 Yeast cells 91:101 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 4 19 theme complex-type 741:752 arg1 oligosaccharides 754:769 mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 719:769 mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 719:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 1 20 theme N-linked 197:204 arg1 oligosaccharides 206:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 humanized N-linked oligosaccharides 187:221 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 3 21 from reports 434:440 arg1 cells 517:521 yeast cells 511:521 yeast cells 511:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 5 22 gly glycoprotein 845:856 arg1 glycoprotein 845:856 a glycoprotein 843:856 a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 843:873 First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 9 23 dep Saccharomyces 1661:1673 arg1 cerevisiae 1675:1684 cerevisiae 1675:1684 cerevisiae 1675:1684 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 3 24 theme oligosaccharides 491:506 arg1 engineering 449:459 the engineering 445:459 the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells 445:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 4 25 theme present 531:537 arg1 study 539:543 the present study 527:543 the present study 527:543 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 3 26 link O-linked 482:489 arg1 oligosaccharides 491:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 3 27 theme N-linked 469:476 arg1 oligosaccharides 491:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 4 28 theme strain 603:608 arg1 generation 562:571 the generation 558:571 the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 558:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 5 29 link N-linked 974:981 arg1 oligosaccharides 983:998 Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 962:998 Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 962:998 First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 4 30 gly glycoprotein 633:644 arg1 glycoprotein 633:644 a glycoprotein 631:644 a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 631:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 4 30 gly glycoprotein 633:644 arg1 intermediate 703:714 an intermediate 700:714 an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 700:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 5 31 theme N-linked 974:981 arg1 oligosaccharides 983:998 Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 962:998 Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 962:998 First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 0 32 link O-linked 22:29 arg1 oligosaccharide 31:45 N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 15:45 N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 15:45 Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. 27496768 8 33 theme strain 1514:1519 arg1 productivity 1477:1488 protein productivity 1469:1488 protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain 1469:1519 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 7 34 theme evolution 1438:1446 arg1 theory 1428:1433 the disparity theory 1414:1433 the disparity theory of evolution 1414:1446 To overcome the growth defects, we applied a mutagenesis technique that is based on the disparity theory of evolution. 27496768 0 35 theme N- 15:16 arg1 oligosaccharide 31:45 N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 15:45 N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 15:45 Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. 27496768 2 36 theme heterologous 328:339 arg1 productivity 349:360 heterologous protein productivity 328:360 heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals 328:400 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 6 37 from amount 1142:1147 arg1 disruptant 1185:1194 the disruptant 1181:1194 the disruptant 1181:1194 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 6 38 dep PMT1 1106:1109 arg1 reduced 1200:1206 reduced 1200:1206 was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity 1196:1327 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 3 39 theme few 430:432 arg1 reports 434:440 few reports 430:440 few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells 430:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 0 40 theme oligosaccharide 31:45 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 0:45 Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. 27496768 4 41 theme capable 610:616 arg1 strain 603:608 a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 576:608 a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 576:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 1 42 gly glycoproteins 146:158 arg1 glycoproteins 146:158 glycoproteins 146:158 glycoproteins 146:158 Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 4 43 link N-linked 673:680 arg1 oligosaccharides 682:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 8 44 theme vacuolar 1522:1529 arg1 proteases 1531:1539 vacuolar proteases 1522:1539 vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 1522:1553 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 8 44 theme vacuolar 1522:1529 arg1 PRB1 1550:1553 PRB1 1550:1553 PRB1 1550:1553 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 8 44 theme vacuolar 1522:1529 arg1 PEP4 1541:1544 PEP4 1541:1544 PEP4 1541:1544 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 9 45 theme genetic 1598:1604 arg1 engineering 1606:1616 genetic engineering 1598:1616 genetic engineering 1598:1616 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 0 46 theme O-linked 22:29 arg1 oligosaccharide 31:45 N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 15:45 N- and O-linked oligosaccharide 15:45 Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. 27496768 6 47 theme protein 1308:1314 arg1 productivity 1316:1327 protein productivity 1308:1327 protein productivity 1308:1327 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 3 48 theme yeast 511:515 arg1 cells 517:521 yeast cells 511:521 yeast cells 511:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 0 49 theme cerevisiae 72:81 arg1 strain 83:88 cerevisiae strain 72:88 cerevisiae strain 72:88 Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. 27496768 3 50 theme O-linked 482:489 arg1 oligosaccharides 491:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 464:506 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 9 51 theme Saccharomyces 1661:1673 arg1 strain 1686:1691 an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1658:1691 an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein 1658:1812 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 3 52 theme engineering 449:459 arg1 reports 434:440 few reports 430:440 few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells 430:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 4 53 theme Saccharomyces 578:590 arg1 strain 603:608 a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 576:608 a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 576:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 6 54 theme O-mannosyltransferase-deficient 1039:1069 arg1 strain 1071:1076 an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain 1036:1076 an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain 1036:1076 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 2 55 theme O-mannosylation 258:272 arg1 important 277:285 important 277:285 important 277:285 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 2 55 theme O-mannosylation 258:272 arg1 suppression 228:238 The suppression 224:238 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation 224:272 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 3 56 from cells 517:521 arg1 reports 434:440 few reports 430:440 few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells 430:521 However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. 27496768 9 57 theme disparity 1622:1630 arg1 mutagenesis 1632:1642 disparity mutagenesis 1622:1642 disparity mutagenesis 1622:1642 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 9 58 theme heterologous 1793:1804 arg1 protein 1806:1812 the heterologous protein 1789:1812 the heterologous protein 1789:1812 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 2 59 theme yeast-specific 243:256 arg1 O-mannosylation 258:272 yeast-specific O-mannosylation 243:272 yeast-specific O-mannosylation 243:272 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 5 60 with glycoprotein 845:856 arg1 Man5GlcNAc2 863:873 Man5GlcNAc2 863:873 Man5GlcNAc2 863:873 First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 6 61 theme oligosaccharides 1161:1176 arg1 amount 1142:1147 the relative amount 1129:1147 the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant 1129:1194 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 6 61 theme oligosaccharides 1161:1176 arg1 oligosaccharides 1161:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 9 62 theme synthetic 1731:1739 arg1 pathways 1741:1748 oligosaccharide synthetic pathways 1715:1748 oligosaccharide synthetic pathways 1715:1748 Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein. 27496768 6 63 theme type 1245:1248 arg1 cells 1250:1254 wild type cells 1240:1254 wild type cells 1240:1254 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 4 64 theme Man5GlcNAc2 661:671 arg1 oligosaccharides 682:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 8 65 theme protein 1469:1475 arg1 productivity 1477:1488 protein productivity 1469:1488 protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain 1469:1519 Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. 27496768 4 66 with glycoprotein 633:644 arg1 oligosaccharides 682:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 5 67 theme Man8GlcNAc2 962:972 arg1 oligosaccharides 983:998 Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 962:998 Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 962:998 First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man5GlcNAc2 was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man8GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides. 27496768 2 68 theme biopharmaceuticals 383:400 arg1 production 369:378 the production 365:378 the production of biopharmaceuticals 365:400 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 2 69 from productivity 349:360 arg1 production 369:378 the production 365:378 the production of biopharmaceuticals 365:400 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 4 70 theme humanized 651:659 arg1 oligosaccharides 682:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 7 71 theme disparity 1418:1426 arg1 theory 1428:1433 the disparity theory 1414:1433 the disparity theory of evolution 1414:1446 To overcome the growth defects, we applied a mutagenesis technique that is based on the disparity theory of evolution. 27496768 6 72 theme wild 1240:1243 arg1 cells 1250:1254 wild type cells 1240:1254 wild type cells 1240:1254 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 4 73 theme mammalian 719:727 arg1 oligosaccharides 754:769 mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 719:769 mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 719:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 6 74 theme O-linked 1152:1159 arg1 oligosaccharides 1161:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 O-linked oligosaccharides 1152:1176 Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. 27496768 4 75 dep Saccharomyces 578:590 arg1 cerevisiae 592:601 cerevisiae 592:601 cerevisiae 592:601 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 2 76 theme immune 297:302 arg1 response 304:311 immune response 297:311 immune response 297:311 The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. 27496768 4 77 theme oligosaccharides 754:769 arg1 intermediate 703:714 an intermediate 700:714 an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides 700:769 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 4 77 theme oligosaccharides 754:769 arg1 glycoprotein 633:644 a glycoprotein 631:644 a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 631:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 27496768 4 78 theme N-linked 673:680 arg1 oligosaccharides 682:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides 651:697 In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man5GlcNAc2 N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. 28481500 4 0 theme MCF-7 1047:1051 arg1 cells 1060:1064 MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells 1032:1064 cells 1060:1064 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 5 1 used used 1187:1190 arg2 platform 1174:1181 this single-cell analysis platform 1148:1181 this single-cell analysis platform 1148:1181 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 2 theme dot 290:292 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 2 theme dot 290:292 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 4 3 theme cells 1060:1064 arg1 analysis 1020:1027 the analysis 1016:1027 the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells 1016:1064 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 1 4 theme ZnCQDs 295:300 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 4 theme ZnCQDs 295:300 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 5 theme cellular 1491:1498 arg1 heterogeneity 1500:1512 the high cellular heterogeneity 1482:1512 the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line 1482:1563 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 2 6 theme remarkable 638:647 arg1 enhancement 658:668 a remarkable 120-fold enhancement 636:668 a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity 636:689 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 3 7 theme single 768:773 arg1 cell 789:792 a single breast cancer cell 766:792 a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 766:836 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 1 8 theme CD44 424:427 arg1 level 440:444 the CD44 expression level 420:444 the CD44 expression level 420:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 9 theme single-cell 196:206 arg1 platform 217:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform 188:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform 188:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 2 10 theme magnetic 583:590 arg1 beads 592:596 magnetic beads 583:596 magnetic beads 583:596 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 7 11 theme analysis 1594:1601 arg1 platform 1603:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform 1566:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform 1566:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 0 12 theme CD44 148:151 arg1 Expression 153:162 CD44 Expression 148:162 CD44 Expression 148:162 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 6 13 theme cell 1555:1558 arg1 line 1560:1563 the same cell line 1546:1563 the same cell line 1546:1563 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 7 14 theme as-proposed 1570:1580 arg1 platform 1603:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform 1566:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform 1566:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 3 15 theme cancer 782:787 arg1 cell 789:792 a single breast cancer cell 766:792 a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 766:836 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 6 16 gly heterogeneity 1500:1512 arg1 level 1537:1541 the CD44 expression level 1517:1541 the CD44 expression level 1517:1541 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 4 17 dep 18 1094:1095 arg1 to 1091:1092 to 1091:1092 to 1091:1092 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 5 18 theme cell 1249:1252 arg1 lines 1254:1258 these two cell lines 1239:1258 these two cell lines 1239:1258 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 0 19 theme Cancer 174:179 arg1 Cells 181:185 Breast Cancer Cells 167:185 Breast Cancer Cells 167:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 1 20 theme level 440:444 arg1 detection 369:377 the detection 365:377 the detection of breast cancer cells 365:400 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 20 theme level 440:444 arg1 evaluation 406:415 evaluation 406:415 evaluation of the CD44 expression level 406:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 21 theme level 1537:1541 arg1 heterogeneity 1500:1512 the high cellular heterogeneity 1482:1512 the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line 1482:1563 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 3 22 theme cell 845:848 arg1 surface 850:856 the cell surface 841:856 the cell surface 841:856 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 3 23 theme specific 801:808 arg1 recognition 810:820 the specific recognition 797:820 the specific recognition of HA 797:826 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 0 24 theme Zinc-Coadsorbed 59:73 arg1 Dots 90:93 Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots 47:93 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 45:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 2 25 theme Solid-state 447:457 arg1 probes 480:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes 447:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes 447:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 2 26 attach attachment 516:525 arg1 nanoparticles 545:557 gold nanoparticles 540:557 gold nanoparticles 540:557 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 2 26 attach attachment 516:525 arg2 ZnCQDs 530:535 ZnCQDs 530:535 ZnCQDs 530:535 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 4 27 theme good 984:987 arg1 performance 1000:1010 a good analytical performance 982:1010 a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells 982:1064 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 5 28 theme level 1230:1234 arg1 evaluation 1196:1205 evaluation 1196:1205 evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines 1196:1258 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 0 29 theme Quantum 82:88 arg1 Dots 90:93 Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots 47:93 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 45:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 7 30 theme individual 1668:1677 arg1 function 1688:1695 the individual cellular function 1664:1695 the individual cellular function 1664:1695 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 2 31 theme ECL 677:679 arg1 intensity 681:689 the ECL intensity 673:689 the ECL intensity 673:689 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 0 32 theme Electrochemiluminescence 95:118 arg1 Probe 120:124 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe 45:124 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 45:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 3 33 theme effective 897:905 arg1 tagging 907:913 more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging 869:913 more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs 869:955 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 7 34 theme cellular 1701:1708 arg1 heterogeneity 1710:1722 cellular heterogeneity 1701:1722 cellular heterogeneity 1701:1722 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 1 35 theme cancer 389:394 arg1 cells 396:400 breast cancer cells 382:400 breast cancer cells 382:400 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 36 from heterogeneity 1500:1512 arg1 line 1560:1563 the same cell line 1546:1563 the same cell line 1546:1563 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 0 37 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 Platform 27:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform 0:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform 0:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 7 38 theme novel 1628:1632 arg1 protocol 1634:1641 a novel protocol 1626:1641 a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity 1626:1722 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 2 39 theme ZnCQDs 459:464 arg1 probes 480:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes 447:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes 447:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 0 40 theme Analysis 18:25 arg1 Platform 27:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform 0:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform 0:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 5 41 theme single-cell 1153:1163 arg1 platform 1174:1181 this single-cell analysis platform 1148:1181 this single-cell analysis platform 1148:1181 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 5 42 theme MDA-MB-231 1274:1283 arg1 cells 1285:1289 the MDA-MB-231 cells 1270:1289 the MDA-MB-231 cells 1270:1289 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 43 theme cells 1366:1370 arg1 total 1347:1351 A total 1345:1351 A total of 20 single cells 1345:1370 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 1 44 theme electrochemiluminescence 324:347 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 44 theme electrochemiluminescence 324:347 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 45 theme ECL 350:352 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 45 theme ECL 350:352 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 3 46 theme water-soluble 938:950 arg1 CQDs 952:955 the water-soluble CQDs 934:955 the water-soluble CQDs 934:955 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 6 47 theme CD44 1521:1524 arg1 level 1537:1541 the CD44 expression level 1517:1541 the CD44 expression level 1517:1541 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 3 48 theme Hyaluronic 692:701 arg1 HA 709:710 HA 709:710 HA 709:710 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 3 48 theme Hyaluronic 692:701 arg1 acid 703:706 Hyaluronic acid 692:706 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 5 49 theme CD44 1322:1325 arg1 level 1338:1342 a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level 1300:1342 a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level 1300:1342 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 50 theme ECL 1429:1431 arg1 intensity 1433:1441 the ECL intensity 1425:1441 the ECL intensity 1425:1441 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 1 51 theme zinc-coadsorbed 259:273 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 51 theme zinc-coadsorbed 259:273 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 52 theme single 1359:1364 arg1 cells 1366:1370 20 single cells 1356:1370 20 single cells 1356:1370 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 4 53 theme single 1053:1058 arg1 cells 1060:1064 MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells 1032:1064 cells 1060:1064 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 0 54 from Evaluation 134:143 arg1 Cells 181:185 Breast Cancer Cells 167:185 Breast Cancer Cells 167:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 3 55 theme solid-state 728:738 arg1 probes 740:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 1 56 theme quantum 282:288 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 56 theme quantum 282:288 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 2 57 theme ECL 613:615 arg1 signal 617:622 the ECL signal 609:622 the ECL signal 609:622 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 3 58 used used 752:755 arg2 probes 740:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 4 59 from cells 1114:1118 arg1 range 1078:1082 linear range 1071:1082 linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells 1071:1118 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 2 60 theme 120-fold 649:656 arg1 enhancement 658:668 a remarkable 120-fold enhancement 636:668 a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity 636:689 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 6 61 theme high 1486:1489 arg1 heterogeneity 1500:1512 the high cellular heterogeneity 1482:1512 the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line 1482:1563 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 1 62 theme novel 190:194 arg1 platform 217:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform 188:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform 188:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 63 theme expression 1526:1535 arg1 level 1537:1541 the CD44 expression level 1517:1541 the CD44 expression level 1517:1541 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 3 64 theme breast 775:780 arg1 cell 789:792 a single breast cancer cell 766:792 a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 766:836 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 1 65 theme analysis 208:215 arg1 platform 217:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform 188:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform 188:224 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 7 66 theme single-cell 1582:1592 arg1 platform 1603:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform 1566:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform 1566:1610 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 0 67 theme Expression 153:162 arg1 Evaluation 134:143 the Evaluation 130:143 the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 130:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 3 68 with comparison 918:927 arg1 CQDs 952:955 the water-soluble CQDs 934:955 the water-soluble CQDs 934:955 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 4 69 from 18 1094:1095 arg1 range 1078:1082 linear range 1071:1082 linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells 1071:1118 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 0 70 theme Breast 167:172 arg1 Cells 181:185 Breast Cancer Cells 167:185 Breast Cancer Cells 167:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 6 71 theme same 1550:1553 arg1 line 1560:1563 the same cell line 1546:1563 the same cell line 1546:1563 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 1 72 theme expression 429:438 arg1 level 440:444 the CD44 expression level 420:444 the CD44 expression level 420:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 2 73 theme beads 592:596 arg1 loading 572:578 the loading 568:578 the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal 568:622 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 5 74 theme lines 1254:1258 arg1 level 1230:1234 the CD44 expression level 1210:1234 the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines 1210:1258 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 3 75 theme HA 825:826 arg1 recognition 810:820 the specific recognition 797:820 the specific recognition of HA 797:826 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 0 76 theme Carbon 75:80 arg1 Dots 90:93 Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots 47:93 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 45:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 7 77 theme cellular 1679:1686 arg1 function 1688:1695 the individual cellular function 1664:1695 the individual cellular function 1664:1695 The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity. 28481500 4 78 dep 12 1111:1112 arg1 to 1108:1109 to 1108:1109 to 1108:1109 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 2 79 theme ZnCQDs 530:535 arg1 attachment 516:525 the attachment 512:525 the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles 512:557 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 3 80 from tagging 907:913 arg1 comparison 918:927 comparison 918:927 comparison with the water-soluble CQDs 918:955 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 5 81 theme expression 1219:1228 arg1 level 1230:1234 the CD44 expression level 1210:1234 the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines 1210:1258 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 0 82 theme Dots 90:93 arg1 Probe 120:124 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe 45:124 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 45:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 3 83 theme sensitive 882:890 arg1 tagging 907:913 more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging 869:913 more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs 869:955 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 2 84 theme intensity 681:689 arg1 enhancement 658:668 a remarkable 120-fold enhancement 636:668 a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity 636:689 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 3 85 with cell 789:792 arg1 CD44 833:836 CD44 833:836 CD44 833:836 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 3 86 theme stable 874:879 arg1 tagging 907:913 more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging 869:913 more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs 869:955 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 1 87 theme breast 382:387 arg1 cells 396:400 breast cancer cells 382:400 breast cancer cells 382:400 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 2 88 theme gold 540:543 arg1 nanoparticles 545:557 gold nanoparticles 540:557 gold nanoparticles 540:557 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 0 89 theme Single-Cell 6:16 arg1 Platform 27:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform 0:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform 0:34 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 1 90 theme cells 396:400 arg1 detection 369:377 the detection 365:377 the detection of breast cancer cells 365:400 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 90 theme cells 396:400 arg1 evaluation 406:415 evaluation 406:415 evaluation of the CD44 expression level 406:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 2 91 theme nanocomposite 466:478 arg1 probes 480:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes 447:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes 447:485 Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. 28481500 4 92 theme MDA-MB-231 1032:1041 arg1 cells 1060:1064 MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells 1032:1064 cells 1060:1064 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 5 93 theme analysis 1165:1172 arg1 platform 1174:1181 this single-cell analysis platform 1148:1181 this single-cell analysis platform 1148:1181 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 4 94 theme analytical 989:998 arg1 performance 1000:1010 a good analytical performance 982:1010 a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells 982:1064 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 0 95 theme Solid-State 47:57 arg1 Dots 90:93 Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots 47:93 a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells 45:185 Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells. 28481500 3 96 theme acid 703:706 arg1 probes 740:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 6 97 theme larger 1452:1457 arg1 variations 1459:1468 larger variations 1452:1468 larger variations 1452:1468 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 4 98 theme linear 1071:1076 arg1 range 1078:1082 linear range 1071:1082 linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells 1071:1118 This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. 28481500 5 99 theme higher 1315:1320 arg1 level 1338:1342 a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level 1300:1342 a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level 1300:1342 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 6 100 theme intensity 1433:1441 arg1 distributions 1408:1420 the distributions 1404:1420 the distributions of the ECL intensity 1404:1441 A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. 28481500 1 101 theme solid-state 247:257 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 101 theme solid-state 247:257 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 3 102 theme -functionalized 712:726 arg1 probes 740:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes 692:745 Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. 28481500 1 103 theme carbon 275:280 arg1 probe 355:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe 321:359 an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level 321:444 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 1 103 theme carbon 275:280 arg1 nanocomposites 303:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites 247:316 A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. 28481500 5 104 theme expression 1327:1336 arg1 level 1338:1342 a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level 1300:1342 a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level 1300:1342 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 28481500 5 105 theme CD44 1214:1217 arg1 level 1230:1234 the CD44 expression level 1210:1234 the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines 1210:1258 Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. 24710792 7 0 theme homogeneous 1219:1229 arg1 microstructure 1231:1244 a homogeneous microstructure 1217:1244 a homogeneous microstructure 1217:1244 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 7 1 theme strong 1123:1128 arg1 layer 1206:1210 a primary layer 1196:1210 a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure 1196:1244 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 7 1 theme strong 1123:1128 arg1 deposition 1130:1139 A strong deposition 1121:1139 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral 1121:1168 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 1 2 theme freshwater 265:274 arg1 cygnea 293:298 the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 261:298 the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 261:298 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 11 3 located observed 1778:1785 arg2 crystals 1764:1771 very few similar crystals 1747:1771 very few similar crystals 1747:1771 In the calcium side, very few similar crystals were observed. 24710792 11 3 located observed 1778:1785 arg1 side 1741:1744 the calcium side 1729:1744 the calcium side 1729:1744 In the calcium side, very few similar crystals were observed. 24710792 14 4 from modulators 2298:2307 arg1 systems 2325:2331 biosynthetic systems 2312:2331 biosynthetic systems 2312:2331 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 1 5 theme Anodonta 284:291 arg1 cygnea 293:298 the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 261:298 the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 261:298 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 3 6 theme opposite 569:576 arg1 sides 578:582 opposite sides 569:582 opposite sides 569:582 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 5 7 theme cationic 850:857 arg1 affinity 859:866 cationic affinity 850:866 cationic affinity 850:866 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 14 8 theme organic 2154:2160 arg1 nucleators 2275:2284 mineral nucleators 2267:2284 mineral nucleators 2267:2284 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 14 8 theme organic 2154:2160 arg1 modulators 2298:2307 crystal modulators 2290:2307 crystal modulators 2290:2307 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 14 8 theme organic 2154:2160 arg1 fluids 2162:2167 the organic fluids 2150:2167 the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves 2150:2192 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 11 9 theme similar 1756:1762 arg1 crystals 1764:1771 very few similar crystals 1747:1771 very few similar crystals 1747:1771 In the calcium side, very few similar crystals were observed. 24710792 13 10 theme present 1910:1916 arg1 results 1918:1924 the present results 1906:1924 the present results 1906:1924 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 1 11 theme cellulose 187:195 arg1 membranes 208:216 cellulose artificial membranes 187:216 cellulose artificial membranes 187:216 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 7 12 from pH 1271:1272 arg1 absent 1261:1266 absent 1261:1266 absent 1261:1266 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 2 13 dep half 340:343 arg1 chambers 353:360 Ussing chambers 346:360 two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments 336:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 5 14 theme membrane 824:831 arg1 size 838:841 the membrane pore size 820:841 the membrane pore size 820:841 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 13 15 theme cellulose 1939:1947 arg1 surrogates 1974:1983 surrogates 1974:1983 surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 1974:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 13 15 theme cellulose 1939:1947 arg1 membranes 1949:1957 cellulose membranes 1939:1957 cellulose membranes 1939:1957 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 8 16 theme phosphate 1411:1419 arg1 surface 1421:1427 the phosphate surface 1407:1427 the phosphate surface 1407:1427 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 13 17 theme mineral 2097:2103 arg1 events 2119:2124 the main mineral precipitation events 2088:2124 the main mineral precipitation events 2088:2124 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 5 18 theme dependent 807:815 arg1 movement 790:797 A selective ion movement 774:797 A selective ion movement 774:797 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 5 19 theme calcium 907:913 arg1 ions 915:918 calcium ions 907:918 calcium ions 907:918 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 12 20 from presence 1792:1799 arg1 fluids 1834:1839 A. cygnea fluids 1824:1839 A. cygnea fluids 1824:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 9 21 theme rosaceous 1543:1551 arg1 shapes 1553:1558 rosaceous shapes 1543:1558 rosaceous shapes 1543:1558 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 9 22 theme crystal 1484:1490 arg1 forms 1492:1496 these crystal forms 1478:1496 these crystal forms 1478:1496 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 8 23 theme crystal 1313:1319 arg1 phase 1321:1325 an additional crystal phase 1299:1325 an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 1299:1335 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 14 24 theme crystal 2290:2296 arg1 modulators 2298:2307 crystal modulators 2290:2307 crystal modulators 2290:2307 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 14 24 theme crystal 2290:2296 arg1 fluids 2162:2167 the organic fluids 2150:2167 the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves 2150:2192 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 0 25 theme Anodonta 80:87 arg1 cygnea 89:94 Anodonta cygnea 80:94 Anodonta cygnea 80:94 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane exposed to biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 12 26 theme crystal 1880:1886 arg1 polymorphism 1888:1899 a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism 1849:1899 a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism 1849:1899 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 1 27 theme in 161:162 arg1 conditions 170:179 in vitro conditions 161:179 in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 161:298 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 6 28 from precipitation 1072:1084 arg1 surface 1112:1118 the phosphate membrane surface 1089:1118 the phosphate membrane surface 1089:1118 In general, this promoted a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface. 24710792 4 29 theme calcium 760:766 arg1 side 768:771 the calcium side 756:771 the calcium side 756:771 Additional assays were accomplished mixing these solutions with haemolymph or extrapallial fluid from A. cygnea, only on the calcium side. 24710792 9 30 theme high 1510:1513 arg1 tendency 1515:1522 a high tendency 1508:1522 a high tendency to aggregate 1508:1535 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 14 31 from bivalves 2185:2192 arg1 nucleators 2275:2284 mineral nucleators 2267:2284 mineral nucleators 2267:2284 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 14 31 from bivalves 2185:2192 arg1 modulators 2298:2307 crystal modulators 2290:2307 crystal modulators 2290:2307 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 14 31 from bivalves 2185:2192 arg1 fluids 2162:2167 the organic fluids 2150:2167 the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves 2150:2192 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 13 32 theme ionic 2027:2031 arg1 diffusion 2033:2041 preferential ionic diffusion 2014:2041 preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 2014:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 5 33 theme diffusion 975:983 arg1 forces 985:990 calcium diffusion forces 967:990 calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane 967:1020 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 6 34 theme mineral 1064:1070 arg1 precipitation 1072:1084 a more intense mineral precipitation 1049:1084 a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface 1049:1118 In general, this promoted a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface. 24710792 14 35 theme mineral 2267:2273 arg1 nucleators 2275:2284 mineral nucleators 2267:2284 mineral nucleators 2267:2284 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 14 35 theme mineral 2267:2273 arg1 fluids 2162:2167 the organic fluids 2150:2167 the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves 2150:2192 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 10 36 theme cellulose 1607:1615 arg1 membrane 1617:1624 The cellulose membrane 1603:1624 The cellulose membrane 1603:1624 The cellulose membrane was permeable to small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side. 24710792 10 36 theme cellulose 1607:1615 arg1 permeable 1630:1638 permeable 1630:1638 permeable 1630:1638 The cellulose membrane was permeable to small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side. 24710792 0 37 theme Biomineralization 0:16 arg1 studies 18:24 Biomineralization studies 0:24 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane 0:46 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane exposed to biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 12 38 theme preliminary 1851:1861 arg1 polymorphism 1888:1899 a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism 1849:1899 a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism 1849:1899 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 5 39 theme opposite 927:934 arg1 chamber 946:952 the opposite phosphate chamber 923:952 the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane 923:1020 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 2 40 theme fluid 460:464 arg1 compartments 466:477 organic fluid compartments 452:477 organic fluid compartments 452:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 14 41 theme applied 2238:2244 arg1 field 2257:2261 the applied biomedical field 2234:2261 the applied biomedical field 2234:2261 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 10 42 theme organic 1649:1655 arg1 molecules 1657:1665 small organic molecules 1643:1665 small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side 1643:1723 The cellulose membrane was permeable to small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side. 24710792 2 43 theme epithelial 421:430 arg1 surfaces 432:439 epithelial surfaces 421:439 epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments 421:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 5 44 theme selective 776:784 arg1 movement 790:797 A selective ion movement 774:797 A selective ion movement 774:797 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 7 45 theme phosphate 1152:1160 arg1 layer 1206:1210 a primary layer 1196:1210 a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure 1196:1244 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 7 45 theme phosphate 1152:1160 arg1 deposition 1130:1139 A strong deposition 1121:1139 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral 1121:1168 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 5 46 theme phosphate 936:944 arg1 chamber 946:952 the opposite phosphate chamber 923:952 the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane 923:1020 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 8 47 dep showed 1292:1297 arg1 exhibiting 1337:1346 exhibiting 1337:1346 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape 1337:1394 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 9 48 attach presented 1498:1506 arg2 forms 1492:1496 these crystal forms 1478:1496 these crystal forms 1478:1496 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 9 48 attach presented 1498:1506 arg1 side 1597:1600 the phosphate side 1583:1600 the phosphate side 1583:1600 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 13 49 theme epithelia 1999:2007 arg1 surrogates 1974:1983 surrogates 1974:1983 surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 1974:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 13 49 theme epithelia 1999:2007 arg1 membranes 1949:1957 cellulose membranes 1939:1957 cellulose membranes 1939:1957 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 8 50 from pH 1330:1331 arg1 phase 1321:1325 an additional crystal phase 1299:1325 an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 1299:1335 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 10 51 theme phosphate 1710:1718 arg1 side 1720:1723 the phosphate side 1706:1723 the phosphate side 1706:1723 The cellulose membrane was permeable to small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side. 24710792 9 52 theme phosphate 1587:1595 arg1 side 1597:1600 the phosphate side 1583:1600 the phosphate side 1583:1600 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 3 53 theme phosphate 546:554 arg1 solutions 556:564 two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions 520:564 two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides 520:582 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 5 54 theme ion 786:788 arg1 movement 790:797 A selective ion movement 774:797 A selective ion movement 774:797 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 5 55 theme cellulose 1003:1011 arg1 membrane 1013:1020 the cellulose membrane 999:1020 the cellulose membrane 999:1020 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 6 56 theme phosphate 1093:1101 arg1 surface 1112:1118 the phosphate membrane surface 1089:1118 the phosphate membrane surface 1089:1118 In general, this promoted a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface. 24710792 7 57 theme primary 1198:1204 arg1 layer 1206:1210 a primary layer 1196:1210 a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure 1196:1244 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 7 57 theme primary 1198:1204 arg1 deposition 1130:1139 A strong deposition 1121:1139 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral 1121:1168 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 3 58 theme calcium 534:540 arg1 solutions 556:564 two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions 520:564 two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides 520:582 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 13 59 with epithelia 1999:2007 arg1 diffusion 2033:2041 preferential ionic diffusion 2014:2041 preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 2014:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 1 60 theme bivalve 276:282 arg1 cygnea 293:298 the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 261:298 the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 261:298 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 14 61 theme freshwater 2174:2183 arg1 bivalves 2185:2192 freshwater bivalves 2174:2192 freshwater bivalves 2174:2192 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 3 62 from solutions 556:564 arg1 sides 578:582 opposite sides 569:582 opposite sides 569:582 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 13 63 used used 1966:1969 arg2 membranes 1949:1957 cellulose membranes 1939:1957 cellulose membranes 1939:1957 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 13 63 used used 1966:1969 arg2 surrogates 1974:1983 surrogates 1974:1983 surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 1974:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 1 64 from cygnea 293:298 arg1 fluids 249:254 biological fluids 238:254 biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 238:298 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 7 65 located observed 1174:1181 arg2 deposition 1130:1139 A strong deposition 1121:1139 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral 1121:1168 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 7 65 located observed 1174:1181 arg1 pH 1186:1187 pH 9.0 1186:1191 pH 9.0 1186:1191 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 7 65 located observed 1174:1181 arg2 layer 1206:1210 a primary layer 1196:1210 a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure 1196:1244 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 12 66 from fluids 1834:1839 arg1 presence 1792:1799 The presence 1788:1799 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids 1788:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 12 66 from fluids 1834:1839 arg1 matrix 1812:1817 organic matrix 1804:1817 organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids 1804:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 1 67 theme artificial 197:206 arg1 membranes 208:216 cellulose artificial membranes 187:216 cellulose artificial membranes 187:216 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 2 68 theme composition 378:388 arg1 solutions 390:398 different composition solutions 368:398 different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments 368:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 13 69 from calcium 2052:2058 arg1 diffusion 2033:2041 preferential ionic diffusion 2014:2041 preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 2014:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 11 70 theme few 1752:1754 arg1 crystals 1764:1771 very few similar crystals 1747:1771 very few similar crystals 1747:1771 In the calcium side, very few similar crystals were observed. 24710792 13 71 theme main 2092:2095 arg1 events 2119:2124 the main mineral precipitation events 2088:2124 the main mineral precipitation events 2088:2124 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 5 72 theme pore 833:836 arg1 size 838:841 the membrane pore size 820:841 the membrane pore size 820:841 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 4 73 theme Additional 635:644 arg1 assays 646:651 Additional assays 635:651 Additional assays 635:651 Additional assays were accomplished mixing these solutions with haemolymph or extrapallial fluid from A. cygnea, only on the calcium side. 24710792 13 74 theme precipitation 2105:2117 arg1 events 2119:2124 the main mineral precipitation events 2088:2124 the main mineral precipitation events 2088:2124 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 9 75 theme cygnea 1456:1461 arg1 fluids 1443:1448 organic fluids 1435:1448 organic fluids of A. cygnea 1435:1461 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 4 76 theme extrapallial 713:724 arg1 fluid 726:730 extrapallial fluid 713:730 extrapallial fluid 713:730 Additional assays were accomplished mixing these solutions with haemolymph or extrapallial fluid from A. cygnea, only on the calcium side. 24710792 7 77 theme mineral 1162:1168 arg1 phosphate 1152:1160 calcium phosphate mineral 1144:1168 calcium phosphate mineral 1144:1168 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 13 78 theme phosphate 2067:2075 arg1 side 2077:2080 the phosphate side 2063:2080 the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 2063:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 7 79 with layer 1206:1210 arg1 microstructure 1231:1244 a homogeneous microstructure 1217:1244 a homogeneous microstructure 1217:1244 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 14 80 theme biosynthetic 2312:2323 arg1 systems 2325:2331 biosynthetic systems 2312:2331 biosynthetic systems 2312:2331 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 2 81 theme Ussing 346:351 arg1 chambers 353:360 Ussing chambers 346:360 two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments 336:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 9 82 theme organic 1435:1441 arg1 fluids 1443:1448 organic fluids 1435:1448 organic fluids of A. cygnea 1435:1461 When organic fluids of A. cygnea were included, these crystal forms presented a high tendency to aggregate under rosaceous shapes, also predominantly in the phosphate side. 24710792 0 83 theme cygnea 89:94 arg1 fluids 70:75 biological fluids 59:75 biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea 59:94 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane exposed to biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 12 84 theme organic 1804:1810 arg1 matrix 1812:1817 organic matrix 1804:1817 organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids 1804:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 5 85 theme higher 883:888 arg1 permeability 890:901 higher permeability 883:901 higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane 883:1020 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 0 86 from studies 18:24 arg1 membrane 39:46 cellulose membrane 29:46 cellulose membrane 29:46 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane exposed to biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 8 87 theme additional 1302:1311 arg1 phase 1321:1325 an additional crystal phase 1299:1325 an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 1299:1335 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 3 88 dep submitted 507:515 arg1 9.0 603:605 9.0 603:605 9.0 603:605 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 3 88 dep submitted 507:515 arg1 7.0 596:598 7.0 596:598 7.0 596:598 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 12 89 theme cygnea 1827:1832 arg1 fluids 1834:1839 A. cygnea fluids 1824:1839 A. cygnea fluids 1824:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 11 90 theme calcium 1733:1739 arg1 side 1741:1744 the calcium side 1729:1744 the calcium side 1729:1744 In the calcium side, very few similar crystals were observed. 24710792 13 91 theme preferential 2014:2025 arg1 diffusion 2033:2041 preferential ionic diffusion 2014:2041 preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 2014:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 5 92 theme calcium 967:973 arg1 forces 985:990 calcium diffusion forces 967:990 calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane 967:1020 A selective ion movement, mainly dependent on the membrane pore size and/or cationic affinity, occurred with higher permeability for calcium ions to the opposite phosphate chamber supported by calcium diffusion forces across the cellulose membrane. 24710792 12 93 theme apatite-brushite 1863:1878 arg1 polymorphism 1888:1899 a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism 1849:1899 a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism 1849:1899 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 6 94 theme intense 1056:1062 arg1 precipitation 1072:1084 a more intense mineral precipitation 1049:1084 a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface 1049:1118 In general, this promoted a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface. 24710792 1 95 dep in 161:162 arg1 vitro 164:168 vitro 164:168 vitro 164:168 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 14 96 theme biomedical 2246:2255 arg1 field 2257:2261 the applied biomedical field 2234:2261 the applied biomedical field 2234:2261 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 0 97 theme cellulose 29:37 arg1 membrane 39:46 cellulose membrane 29:46 cellulose membrane 29:46 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane exposed to biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 12 98 theme A. 1824:1825 arg1 fluids 1834:1839 A. cygnea fluids 1824:1839 A. cygnea fluids 1824:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 1 99 theme present 101:107 arg1 work 109:112 The present work 97:112 The present work 97:112 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 2 100 theme organic 452:458 arg1 compartments 466:477 organic fluid compartments 452:477 organic fluid compartments 452:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 10 101 theme small 1643:1647 arg1 molecules 1657:1665 small organic molecules 1643:1665 small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side 1643:1723 The cellulose membrane was permeable to small organic molecules that diffused from the calcium towards the phosphate side. 24710792 7 102 theme calcium 1144:1150 arg1 phosphate 1152:1160 calcium phosphate mineral 1144:1168 calcium phosphate mineral 1144:1168 A strong deposition of calcium phosphate mineral was observed at pH 9.0 as a primary layer with a homogeneous microstructure, being totally absent at pH 6.0. 24710792 2 103 with half 340:343 arg1 solutions 390:398 different composition solutions 368:398 different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments 368:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 24710792 3 104 theme hours 628:632 arg1 period 616:621 a period 614:621 a period of 6 hours 614:632 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 8 105 theme hexagonal 1366:1374 arg1 shape 1390:1394 a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape 1348:1394 a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape 1348:1394 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 3 106 theme membrane 484:491 arg1 surfaces 493:500 The membrane surfaces 480:500 The membrane surfaces 480:500 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 0 107 theme biological 59:68 arg1 fluids 70:75 biological fluids 59:75 biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea 59:94 Biomineralization studies on cellulose membrane exposed to biological fluids of Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 8 108 theme cuttlebone 1379:1388 arg1 shape 1390:1394 a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape 1348:1394 a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape 1348:1394 The membrane showed an additional crystal phase at pH 7.0 exhibiting a very particular hexagonal or cuttlebone shape, mainly on the phosphate surface. 24710792 13 109 theme biological 1988:1997 arg1 epithelia 1999:2007 biological epithelia 1988:2007 biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred 1988:2133 So, the present results suggest that cellulose membranes can be used as surrogates of biological epithelia with preferential ionic diffusion from the calcium to the phosphate side where the main mineral precipitation events occurred. 24710792 3 110 theme synthetic 524:532 arg1 solutions 556:564 two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions 520:564 two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides 520:582 The membrane surfaces were submitted to two synthetic calcium and phosphate solutions on opposite sides, at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 9.0 during a period of 6 hours. 24710792 12 111 theme matrix 1812:1817 arg1 presence 1792:1799 The presence 1788:1799 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids 1788:1839 The presence of organic matrix from A. cygnea fluids induced a preliminary apatite-brushite crystal polymorphism. 24710792 14 112 from nucleators 2275:2284 arg1 systems 2325:2331 biosynthetic systems 2312:2331 biosynthetic systems 2312:2331 Additionally, the organic fluids from freshwater bivalves should be also thoroughly researched in the applied biomedical field, as mineral nucleators and crystal modulators on biosynthetic systems. 24710792 1 113 theme biological 238:247 arg1 fluids 249:254 biological fluids 238:254 biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea 238:298 The present work proposes to analyse the results obtained under in vitro conditions where cellulose artificial membranes were incubated with biological fluids from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. 24710792 6 114 theme membrane 1103:1110 arg1 surface 1112:1118 the phosphate membrane surface 1089:1118 the phosphate membrane surface 1089:1118 In general, this promoted a more intense mineral precipitation on the phosphate membrane surface. 24710792 2 115 theme different 368:376 arg1 solutions 390:398 different composition solutions 368:398 different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments 368:477 The membranes were mounted between two half 'Ussing chambers' with different composition solutions in order to simulate epithelial surfaces separating organic fluid compartments. 27198045 2 0 theme glycan 369:374 arg1 structures 376:385 cellular glycan structures 360:385 cellular glycan structures 360:385 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 2 1 theme metamorphoses 492:504 arg1 hallmark 464:471 a hallmark 462:471 a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses 462:504 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 6 2 theme glycosyltransferase 1071:1089 arg1 finding 1106:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 1 3 theme gene 177:180 arg1 expression 182:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 5 4 from genes 930:934 arg1 discovery 899:907 the discovery 895:907 the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 895:996 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 2 5 theme structural 338:347 arg1 changes 349:355 The differential structural changes 321:355 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures 321:385 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 1 6 gly glycosylation 109:121 arg1 tumours 126:132 tumours 126:132 tumours 126:132 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 4 7 theme gene 737:740 arg1 profiles 753:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles are used to develop cancer classifiers and propose subtypes. 27198045 3 8 theme genes 546:550 arg1 expression 525:534 the expression 521:534 the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 521:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 8 theme genes 546:550 arg1 able 645:648 able 645:648 able 645:648 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 9 theme 1893 563:566 arg1 samples 583:589 1893 cancer patient samples 563:589 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 563:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 1 10 theme cancer 270:275 arg1 types 277:281 cancer types 270:281 cancer types 270:281 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 3 11 theme cancer 568:573 arg1 samples 583:589 1893 cancer patient samples 563:589 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 563:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 5 12 theme solid 862:866 arg1 samples 875:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 2 13 theme differential 325:336 arg1 changes 349:355 The differential structural changes 321:355 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures 321:385 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 5 14 theme basal-like 960:969 arg1 subtypes 989:996 basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 960:996 basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 960:996 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 6 15 theme type 1066:1069 arg1 finding 1106:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 4 16 theme GT 734:735 arg1 profiles 753:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles are used to develop cancer classifiers and propose subtypes. 27198045 5 17 theme tumour 868:873 arg1 samples 875:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 0 18 theme Cancer 54:59 arg1 Types 61:65 Cancer Types 54:65 Cancer Types 54:65 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles Classify Cancer Types and Propose Prognostic Subtypes. 27198045 3 19 theme GT 543:544 arg1 genes 546:550 210 GT genes 539:550 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 539:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 4 20 used used 766:769 arg2 profiles 753:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles are used to develop cancer classifiers and propose subtypes. 27198045 0 21 theme Gene 20:23 arg1 Profiles 36:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles 0:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles 0:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles Classify Cancer Types and Propose Prognostic Subtypes. 27198045 1 22 theme Aberrant 100:107 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 Aberrant glycosylation 100:121 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours 100:132 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 6 23 theme cancer 1059:1064 arg1 finding 1106:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 0 24 theme Glycosyltransferase 0:18 arg1 Profiles 36:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles 0:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles 0:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles Classify Cancer Types and Propose Prognostic Subtypes. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 glioblastoma 692:703 glioblastoma 692:703 glioblastoma 692:703 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 lung 724:727 lung 724:727 lung 724:727 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 cancers 666:672 six cancers 662:672 six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung 662:727 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 breast 675:680 breast 675:680 breast 675:680 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 kidney 706:711 kidney 706:711 kidney 706:711 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 colon 714:718 colon 714:718 colon 714:718 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 25 dep cancers 666:672 arg1 ovarian 683:689 ovarian 683:689 ovarian 683:689 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 26 theme patient 575:581 arg1 samples 583:589 1893 cancer patient samples 563:589 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 563:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 3 27 from samples 583:589 arg1 data 636:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 5 28 theme GT 927:928 arg1 genes 930:934 GT genes 927:934 GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 927:996 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 2 29 theme GT 445:446 arg1 genes 448:452 GT genes 445:452 GT genes 445:452 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 0 30 theme Expression 25:34 arg1 Profiles 36:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles 0:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles 0:43 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles Classify Cancer Types and Propose Prognostic Subtypes. 27198045 5 31 theme subgroups 912:920 arg1 discovery 899:907 the discovery 895:907 the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 895:996 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 2 32 theme cellular 360:367 arg1 structures 376:385 cellular glycan structures 360:385 cellular glycan structures 360:385 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 6 33 from centrality 1153:1162 arg1 cancer 1184:1189 cancer 1184:1189 cancer 1184:1189 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 6 34 theme gene 1091:1094 arg1 finding 1106:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 2 35 theme cell 487:490 arg1 metamorphoses 492:504 neoplastic cell metamorphoses 476:504 neoplastic cell metamorphoses 476:504 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 1 36 theme cancer 295:300 arg1 discovery 310:318 cancer subtype discovery 295:318 cancer subtype discovery 295:318 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 5 37 theme HER2-enriched 975:987 arg1 subtypes 989:996 basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 960:996 basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes 960:996 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 2 38 theme neoplastic 476:485 arg1 metamorphoses 492:504 neoplastic cell metamorphoses 476:504 neoplastic cell metamorphoses 476:504 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 1 39 theme subtype 302:308 arg1 discovery 310:318 cancer subtype discovery 295:318 cancer subtype discovery 295:318 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 3 40 theme Cancer 598:603 arg1 data 636:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 2 41 theme expression 422:431 arg1 patterns 433:440 the expression patterns 418:440 the expression patterns of GT genes 418:452 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 3 42 theme microarray 625:634 arg1 data 636:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 4 43 theme cancer 782:787 arg1 classifiers 789:799 cancer classifiers 782:799 cancer classifiers 782:799 The GT gene expression profiles are used to develop cancer classifiers and propose subtypes. 27198045 5 44 theme samples 875:881 arg1 subclassification 827:843 The subclassification 823:843 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples 823:881 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 1 45 used used 253:256 arg2 profiles 216:223 the expression profiles 201:223 the expression profiles of these signature genes 201:248 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 3 46 theme Atlas 612:616 arg1 data 636:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 6 47 theme glycosylation 1167:1179 arg1 centrality 1153:1162 the centrality 1149:1162 the centrality of glycosylation in cancer 1149:1189 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 4 48 theme expression 742:751 arg1 profiles 753:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles 730:760 The GT gene expression profiles are used to develop cancer classifiers and propose subtypes. 27198045 1 49 theme altered 144:150 arg1 expression 182:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 6 50 theme signature 1096:1104 arg1 finding 1106:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding 1054:1112 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 1 51 theme signature 234:242 arg1 genes 244:248 these signature genes 228:248 these signature genes 228:248 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 3 52 theme TCGA 619:622 arg1 data 636:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 1 53 theme glycosyltransferase 152:170 arg1 expression 182:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 6 54 theme foundational 1123:1134 arg1 evidence 1136:1143 foundational evidence 1123:1143 foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer 1123:1189 This cancer type glycosyltransferase gene signature finding provides foundational evidence for the centrality of glycosylation in cancer. 27198045 1 55 theme genes 244:248 arg1 profiles 216:223 the expression profiles 201:223 the expression profiles of these signature genes 201:248 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 0 56 theme Prognostic 79:88 arg1 Subtypes 90:97 Prognostic Subtypes 79:97 Prognostic Subtypes 79:97 Glycosyltransferase Gene Expression Profiles Classify Cancer Types and Propose Prognostic Subtypes. 27198045 5 57 theme cancer 855:860 arg1 samples 875:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 3 58 theme Genome 605:610 arg1 data 636:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data 594:639 We found that the expression of 210 GT genes taken from 1893 cancer patient samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray data are able to classify six cancers; breast, ovarian, glioblastoma, kidney, colon and lung. 27198045 1 59 theme expression 205:214 arg1 profiles 216:223 the expression profiles 201:223 the expression profiles of these signature genes 201:248 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 5 60 theme breast 848:853 arg1 samples 875:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 breast cancer solid tumour samples 848:881 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 1 61 from glycosylation 109:121 arg1 tumours 126:132 tumours 126:132 tumours 126:132 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27198045 5 62 dep clinical 1016:1023 arg1 data 1048:1051 data 1048:1051 data 1048:1051 The subclassification of breast cancer solid tumour samples illustrates the discovery of subgroups from GT genes that match well against basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes and correlates to clinical, mutation and survival data. 27198045 2 63 theme genes 448:452 arg1 patterns 433:440 the expression patterns 418:440 the expression patterns of GT genes 418:452 The differential structural changes to cellular glycan structures are predominantly regulated by the expression patterns of GT genes and are a hallmark of neoplastic cell metamorphoses. 27198045 1 64 theme GT 173:174 arg1 expression 182:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression 144:191 Aberrant glycosylation in tumours stem from altered glycosyltransferase (GT) gene expression but can the expression profiles of these signature genes be used to classify cancer types and lead to cancer subtype discovery? 27690276 2 0 theme dressing 472:479 arg1 materials 481:489 wound dressing materials 466:489 wound dressing materials 466:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 9 1 theme primary 1309:1315 arg1 cells 1346:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells 1309:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% 1309:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 7 2 theme hydrogels 1099:1107 arg1 permeability 1073:1084 The water vapor permeability 1057:1084 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels 1057:1107 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 2 3 theme radiation 363:371 arg1 doses 373:377 radiation doses 363:377 radiation doses 363:377 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 8 4 theme Dermal 1157:1162 arg1 irritation 1164:1173 Dermal irritation 1157:1173 Dermal irritation 1157:1173 Dermal irritation and sensitization test demonstrated that the hydrogel was nonirritant and nonallergic. 27690276 2 5 theme wound 466:470 arg1 materials 481:489 wound dressing materials 466:489 wound dressing materials 466:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 7 6 theme polymeric 1089:1097 arg1 hydrogels 1099:1107 polymeric hydrogels 1089:1107 polymeric hydrogels 1089:1107 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 8 7 theme sensitization 1179:1191 arg1 test 1193:1196 sensitization test 1179:1196 sensitization test 1179:1196 Dermal irritation and sensitization test demonstrated that the hydrogel was nonirritant and nonallergic. 27690276 4 8 theme parameters 655:664 arg1 effect 639:644 the effect 635:644 the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity 635:740 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 9 9 theme low 1424:1426 arg1 index 1438:1442 a low hemolytic index 1422:1442 a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%) 1422:1455 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 9 9 theme low 1424:1426 arg1 % 1454:1454 0.80-1.30% 1445:1454 0.80-1.30% 1445:1454 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 0 10 theme electron 113:120 arg1 doses 139:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 9 11 with cells 1346:1350 arg1 % 1370:1370 viability >88% 1357:1370 viability >88% 1357:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 12 12 theme Part 1616:1619 arg1 B 1621:1621 Part B 1616:1621 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 1597:1660 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 27690276 6 13 theme hydrogel 960:967 arg1 capacity 944:951 The swelling capacity 931:951 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel 931:967 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 6 14 from decrease 1000:1007 arg1 composition 1019:1029 the AA composition 1012:1029 the AA composition in simulated wound fluid 1012:1054 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 2 15 from effect 353:358 arg1 biocompatibility 437:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility 416:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials 416:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 3 16 theme Physical 492:499 arg1 properties 501:510 Physical properties 492:510 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling 492:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 4 17 from effect 639:644 arg1 compatibility 710:722 blood compatibility 704:722 blood compatibility 704:722 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 4 17 from effect 639:644 arg1 cytotoxicity 729:740 cytotoxicity 729:740 cytotoxicity 729:740 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 4 17 from effect 639:644 arg1 sensitization 689:701 sensitization 689:701 sensitization 689:701 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 4 17 from effect 639:644 arg1 irritation 674:683 skin irritation 669:683 skin irritation 669:683 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 10 18 theme wound 1549:1553 arg1 dressings 1555:1563 wound dressings 1549:1563 wound dressings 1549:1563 Collectively, these results indicate that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound dressings. 27690276 0 19 theme irradiation 127:137 arg1 doses 139:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 7 20 theme vapor 1067:1071 arg1 permeability 1073:1084 The water vapor permeability 1057:1084 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels 1057:1107 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 3 21 theme hydrogel 519:526 arg1 properties 501:510 Physical properties 492:510 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling 492:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 2 22 theme acid 391:394 arg1 composition 401:411 radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition 363:411 radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition 363:411 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 5 23 theme Increased 755:763 arg1 content 768:774 Increased AA content 755:774 Increased AA content 755:774 Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. 27690276 0 24 theme beam 122:125 arg1 doses 139:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 5 25 dep content 768:774 arg1 doses 792:796 doses 792:796 doses 792:796 Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. 27690276 9 26 theme viability 1357:1365 arg1 % 1370:1370 viability >88% 1357:1370 viability >88% 1357:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 7 27 theme m-2 1143:1145 arg1 day-1 1147:1151 m-2 day-1 1143:1151 m-2 day-1 1143:1151 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 9 28 theme human 1317:1321 arg1 cells 1346:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells 1309:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% 1309:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 7 29 dep range 1120:1124 arg1 day-1 1147:1151 m-2 day-1 1143:1151 m-2 day-1 1143:1151 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 4 30 theme blood 704:708 arg1 compatibility 710:722 blood compatibility 704:722 blood compatibility 704:722 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 6 31 theme wound 1044:1048 arg1 fluid 1050:1054 simulated wound fluid 1034:1054 simulated wound fluid 1034:1054 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 1 32 theme bacterial 191:199 arg1 hydrogel 222:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27690276 2 33 theme in 429:430 arg1 biocompatibility 437:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility 416:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials 416:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 11 34 dep © 1566:1566 arg1 Inc. 1592:1595 Inc. 1592:1595 Inc. 1592:1595 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27690276 2 35 dep in 429:430 arg1 vivo 432:435 vivo 432:435 vivo 432:435 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 3 36 theme adhesiveness 549:560 arg1 properties 501:510 Physical properties 492:510 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling 492:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 1 37 theme cellulose 201:209 arg1 hydrogel 222:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27690276 7 38 theme 2035-2666 [g/ 1129:1141 arg1 range 1120:1124 the range 1116:1124 the range of 2035-2666 [g/ 1116:1141 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 9 39 theme hemolytic 1428:1436 arg1 index 1438:1442 a low hemolytic index 1422:1442 a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%) 1422:1455 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 9 39 theme hemolytic 1428:1436 arg1 % 1454:1454 0.80-1.30% 1445:1454 0.80-1.30% 1445:1454 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 6 40 from composition 1019:1029 arg1 fluid 1050:1054 simulated wound fluid 1034:1054 simulated wound fluid 1034:1054 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 5 41 theme AA 765:766 arg1 content 768:774 Increased AA content 755:774 Increased AA content 755:774 Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. 27690276 2 42 theme in 416:417 arg1 biocompatibility 437:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility 416:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials 416:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 0 43 theme biocompatibility 21:36 arg1 evaluation 38:47 biocompatibility evaluation 21:47 biocompatibility evaluation 21:47 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 6 44 theme swelling 935:942 arg1 capacity 944:951 The swelling capacity 931:951 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel 931:967 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 0 45 theme doses 139:143 arg1 effect 103:108 effect 103:108 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 0:178 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 3 46 theme thickness 538:546 arg1 properties 501:510 Physical properties 492:510 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling 492:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 1 47 theme BC 212:213 arg1 hydrogel 222:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27690276 0 48 theme bacterial 52:60 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 5 49 theme hydrogel 891:898 arg1 properties 873:882 the mechanical properties 858:882 the mechanical properties of the hydrogel 858:898 Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. 27690276 6 50 theme AA 1016:1017 arg1 composition 1019:1029 the AA composition 1012:1029 the AA composition in simulated wound fluid 1012:1054 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 2 51 theme acrylic 383:389 arg1 AA 397:398 AA 397:398 AA 397:398 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 2 51 theme acrylic 383:389 arg1 acid 391:394 acrylic acid 383:394 acrylic acid (AA) 383:399 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 2 52 theme composition 401:411 arg1 effect 353:358 the effect 349:358 the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials 349:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 2 53 theme BC/AA 457:461 arg1 biocompatibility 437:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility 416:452 in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials 416:489 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 9 54 theme dermal 1323:1328 arg1 cells 1346:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells 1309:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% 1309:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 0 55 theme concentration 149:161 arg1 effect 103:108 effect 103:108 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 0:178 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 3 56 theme swelling 601:608 arg1 properties 501:510 Physical properties 492:510 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling 492:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 3 57 theme water 571:575 arg1 transmission 583:594 water vapor transmission 571:594 water vapor transmission 571:594 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 1 58 theme -based 215:220 arg1 hydrogel 222:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 191:229 The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27690276 0 59 theme wound 78:82 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 9 60 theme fibroblast 1330:1339 arg1 cells 1346:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells 1309:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% 1309:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 0 61 theme acid 174:177 arg1 concentration 149:161 concentration 149:161 concentration of acrylic acid 149:177 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 0 61 theme acid 174:177 arg1 doses 139:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 electron beam irradiation doses 113:143 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 2 62 dep in 416:417 arg1 vitro 419:423 vitro 419:423 vitro 419:423 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27690276 0 63 theme cellulose-based 62:76 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 9 64 theme skin 1341:1344 arg1 cells 1346:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells 1309:1350 primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% 1309:1370 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 0 65 theme acrylic 166:172 arg1 acid 174:177 acrylic acid 166:177 acrylic acid 166:177 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 3 66 theme rate 563:566 arg1 properties 501:510 Physical properties 492:510 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling 492:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 4 67 theme skin 669:672 arg1 irritation 674:683 skin irritation 669:683 skin irritation 669:683 Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. 27690276 3 68 theme transmission 583:594 arg1 thickness 538:546 thickness 538:546 thickness 538:546 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 3 68 theme transmission 583:594 arg1 hydrogel 519:526 the hydrogel 515:526 the hydrogel 515:526 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 3 68 theme transmission 583:594 arg1 rate 563:566 rate 563:566 rate of water vapor transmission 563:594 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 3 68 theme transmission 583:594 arg1 swelling 601:608 swelling 601:608 swelling 601:608 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 3 68 theme transmission 583:594 arg1 adhesiveness 549:560 adhesiveness 549:560 adhesiveness 549:560 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 10 69 contain have 1516:1519 arg1 hydrogels 1506:1514 these hydrogels 1500:1514 these hydrogels 1500:1514 Collectively, these results indicate that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound dressings. 27690276 10 69 contain have 1516:1519 arg2 potential 1525:1533 the potential to be used as wound dressings 1521:1563 the potential to be used as wound dressings 1521:1563 Collectively, these results indicate that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound dressings. 27690276 1 70 theme hydrogel 222:229 arg1 use 184:186 The use 180:186 The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel 180:229 The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27690276 9 71 with biocompatible 1392:1404 arg1 % 1454:1454 0.80-1.30% 1445:1454 0.80-1.30% 1445:1454 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 9 71 with biocompatible 1392:1404 arg1 index 1438:1442 a low hemolytic index 1422:1442 a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%) 1422:1455 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 9 71 with biocompatible 1392:1404 arg1 blood 1411:1415 blood 1411:1415 blood 1411:1415 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 6 72 theme simulated 1034:1042 arg1 fluid 1050:1054 simulated wound fluid 1034:1054 simulated wound fluid 1034:1054 The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. 27690276 5 73 theme mechanical 862:871 arg1 properties 873:882 the mechanical properties 858:882 the mechanical properties of the hydrogel 858:898 Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. 27690276 7 74 theme water 1061:1065 arg1 permeability 1073:1084 The water vapor permeability 1057:1084 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels 1057:1107 The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2 day-1 )]. 27690276 0 75 theme hydrogel 93:100 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 0 75 theme hydrogel 93:100 arg1 evaluation 38:47 biocompatibility evaluation 21:47 biocompatibility evaluation 21:47 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 5 76 theme crosslinking 823:834 arg1 density 836:842 crosslinking density 823:842 crosslinking density 823:842 Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. 27690276 3 77 theme vapor 577:581 arg1 transmission 583:594 water vapor transmission 571:594 water vapor transmission 571:594 Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. 27690276 12 78 dep Res 1612:1614 arg1 2553-2564 1645:1653 2553-2564 1645:1653 2553-2564 1645:1653 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 27690276 12 78 dep Res 1612:1614 arg1 105B 1639:1642 105B 1639:1642 105B 1639:1642 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 27690276 12 78 dep Res 1612:1614 arg1 B 1621:1621 Part B 1616:1621 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 1597:1660 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 27690276 12 78 dep Res 1612:1614 arg1 Biomater 1629:1636 Biomater 1629:1636 Biomater 1629:1636 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017. 27690276 0 79 theme dressing 84:91 arg1 hydrogel 93:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel 52:100 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 9 80 theme BC/AA 1266:1270 arg1 nontoxic 1297:1304 nontoxic 1297:1304 nontoxic 1297:1304 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 9 80 theme BC/AA 1266:1270 arg1 hydrogel 1272:1279 The BC/AA hydrogel 1262:1279 The BC/AA hydrogel 1262:1279 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 9 80 theme BC/AA 1266:1270 arg1 biocompatible 1392:1404 biocompatible 1392:1404 biocompatible 1392:1404 The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). 27690276 0 81 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 effect 103:108 effect 103:108 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 0:178 Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid. 27690276 2 82 theme doses 373:377 arg1 composition 401:411 radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition 363:411 radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition 363:411 This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. 27303948 6 0 dep properties 1354:1363 arg1 the 1339:1341 the 1339:1341 the 1339:1341 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 7 1 theme testing 1584:1590 arg1 temperature 1592:1602 the testing temperature 1580:1602 the testing temperature 1580:1602 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 4 2 theme nonionic 962:969 arg1 copolymers 971:980 fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers 938:980 fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers 938:980 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 3 3 theme CNF/polymer 780:790 arg1 settings 792:799 bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 768:799 bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 768:799 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 2 4 theme CNF/polymer 339:349 arg1 structures 368:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 6 5 theme mechanical 1343:1352 arg1 properties 1354:1363 mechanical properties 1343:1363 mechanical properties 1343:1363 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 4 6 theme water-soluble 944:956 arg1 copolymers 971:980 fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers 938:980 fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers 938:980 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 1 7 theme high 239:242 arg1 stiffness 244:252 high stiffness 239:252 high stiffness 239:252 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 9 8 theme structure/property 1809:1826 arg1 relationships 1828:1840 quantitative structure/property relationships 1796:1840 quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1796:1870 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 6 9 theme thermal 1270:1276 arg1 transitions 1278:1288 the thermal transitions 1266:1288 the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers 1266:1308 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 3 10 theme reinforcements 829:842 arg1 fractions 816:824 high fractions 811:824 high fractions of reinforcements 811:842 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 5 11 theme well-defined 1163:1174 arg1 structures 1186:1195 well-defined nanopaper structures 1163:1195 well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure 1163:1222 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 2 12 theme hybrid 361:366 arg1 structures 368:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 2 13 theme design 617:622 arg1 criteria 624:631 rational design criteria 608:631 rational design criteria 608:631 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 7 14 contain possesses 1626:1634 arg1 phase 1620:1624 the soft phase 1611:1624 the soft phase 1611:1624 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 7 14 contain possesses 1626:1634 arg2 combination 1645:1655 the best combination 1636:1655 the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength 1636:1704 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 4 15 theme glass 989:993 arg1 Tg 1020:1021 Tg 1020:1021 Tg 1020:1021 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 4 15 theme glass 989:993 arg1 temperatures 1006:1017 glass transition temperatures 989:1017 glass transition temperatures (Tg) 989:1022 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 5 16 theme intermediate 1134:1145 arg1 stages 1147:1152 intermediate stages 1134:1152 intermediate stages 1134:1152 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 4 17 dep 130 1047:1049 arg1 to 1044:1045 to 1044:1045 to 1044:1045 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 7 18 theme cohesive 1688:1695 arg1 strength 1697:1704 cohesive strength 1688:1704 cohesive strength 1688:1704 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 6 19 from fraction 1326:1333 arg1 polymers 1301:1308 the (co)polymers 1293:1308 the (co)polymers 1293:1308 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 6 20 theme dynamic 1484:1490 arg1 analysis 1503:1510 dynamic mechanical analysis 1484:1510 dynamic mechanical analysis 1484:1510 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 3 21 theme thermo-mechanical 680:696 arg1 properties 698:707 the thermo-mechanical properties 676:707 the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers 676:733 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 1 22 theme sustainable 174:184 arg1 nanocomposites 216:229 sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites 174:229 sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness 174:252 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 7 23 theme mobility 1675:1682 arg1 combination 1645:1655 the best combination 1636:1655 the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength 1636:1704 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 4 24 theme transition 995:1004 arg1 Tg 1020:1021 Tg 1020:1021 Tg 1020:1021 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 4 24 theme transition 995:1004 arg1 temperatures 1006:1017 glass transition temperatures 989:1017 glass transition temperatures (Tg) 989:1022 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 6 25 theme surfaces 1471:1478 arg1 analysis 1503:1510 dynamic mechanical analysis 1484:1510 dynamic mechanical analysis 1484:1510 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 6 25 theme surfaces 1471:1478 arg1 tests 1440:1444 tensile tests 1432:1444 tensile tests 1432:1444 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 6 25 theme surfaces 1471:1478 arg1 imaging 1451:1457 SEM imaging 1447:1457 SEM imaging of fracture surfaces 1447:1478 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 7 26 theme high 1660:1663 arg1 mobility 1675:1682 high molecular mobility 1660:1682 high molecular mobility 1660:1682 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 9 27 theme design 1886:1891 arg1 space 1893:1897 the design space 1882:1897 the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking 1882:2004 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 5 28 theme tunable 1202:1208 arg1 nanostructure 1210:1222 tunable nanostructure 1202:1222 tunable nanostructure 1202:1222 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 9 29 from relationships 1828:1840 arg1 nanopapers 1861:1870 CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1845:1870 CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1845:1870 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 2 30 theme mechanical 583:592 arg1 properties 594:603 the mechanical properties 579:603 the mechanical properties 579:603 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 6 31 theme SEM 1447:1449 arg1 imaging 1451:1457 SEM imaging 1447:1457 SEM imaging of fracture surfaces 1447:1478 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 2 32 theme quantitative 452:463 arg1 picture 465:471 a quantitative picture 450:471 a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms 450:533 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 9 33 theme molecular 1920:1928 arg1 engineering 1930:1940 future, rational molecular engineering 1903:1940 engineering 1930:1940 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 1 34 theme next 128:131 arg1 generation 133:142 next generation 128:142 next generation 128:142 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 1 34 theme next 128:131 arg1 reinforcements 155:168 renewable reinforcements 145:168 renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness 145:252 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 6 35 from transitions 1278:1288 arg1 polymers 1301:1308 the (co)polymers 1293:1308 the (co)polymers 1293:1308 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 2 36 theme mechanical 480:489 arg1 properties 491:500 the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms 476:533 the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms 476:533 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 2 36 theme mechanical 480:489 arg1 deformation 512:522 deformation 512:522 deformation 512:522 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 2 36 theme mechanical 480:489 arg1 space 502:506 space 502:506 space 502:506 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 0 37 theme Cellulose 39:47 arg1 Nanocomposites 68:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Understanding Toughness in Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites. 27303948 7 38 theme soft 1615:1618 arg1 phase 1620:1624 the soft phase 1611:1624 the soft phase 1611:1624 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 9 39 theme supramolecular 1959:1972 arg1 bonds 1974:1978 reversible supramolecular bonds 1948:1978 reversible supramolecular bonds 1948:1978 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 3 40 theme copolymers 724:733 arg1 properties 698:707 the thermo-mechanical properties 676:707 the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers 676:733 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 2 41 dep space 502:506 arg1 mechanisms 524:533 mechanisms 524:533 mechanisms 524:533 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 3 42 theme bioinspired 768:778 arg1 settings 792:799 bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 768:799 bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 768:799 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 6 43 from correlation 1246:1256 arg1 properties 1354:1363 mechanical properties 1343:1363 mechanical properties 1343:1363 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 6 43 from correlation 1246:1256 arg1 mechanisms 1381:1390 deformation mechanisms 1369:1390 deformation mechanisms 1369:1390 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 5 44 theme polymer-coated 1088:1101 arg1 nanofibrils 1114:1124 well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils 1075:1124 well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils 1075:1124 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 8 45 theme New 1707:1709 arg1 modes 1723:1727 New deformation modes 1707:1727 New deformation modes 1707:1727 New deformation modes are activated for the toughest compositions. 27303948 6 46 theme deformation 1369:1379 arg1 mechanisms 1381:1390 deformation mechanisms 1369:1390 deformation mechanisms 1369:1390 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 2 47 theme nanopaper 351:359 arg1 structures 368:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 4 48 theme copolymers 971:980 arg1 series 928:933 a series 926:933 a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C 926:1052 To this end, we synthesize a series of fully water-soluble and nonionic copolymers, whose glass transition temperatures (Tg) are varied from -60 to 130 °C. 27303948 2 49 theme well-defined 326:337 arg1 structures 368:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures 326:377 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 1 50 theme bioinspired 204:214 arg1 nanocomposites 216:229 sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites 174:229 sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness 174:252 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 3 51 theme high 811:814 arg1 fractions 816:824 high fractions 811:824 high fractions of reinforcements 811:842 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 2 52 theme well-controlled 384:398 arg1 properties 408:417 well-controlled polymer properties 384:417 well-controlled polymer properties 384:417 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 9 53 theme quantitative 1796:1807 arg1 relationships 1828:1840 quantitative structure/property relationships 1796:1840 quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1796:1870 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 7 54 theme optimum 1516:1522 arg1 toughness 1524:1532 An optimum toughness 1513:1532 An optimum toughness 1513:1532 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 3 55 theme nanoconfinement 854:868 arg1 conditions 870:879 nanoconfinement conditions 854:879 nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers 854:896 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 6 56 theme tensile 1432:1438 arg1 tests 1440:1444 tensile tests 1432:1444 tensile tests 1432:1444 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 5 57 theme nanopaper 1176:1184 arg1 structures 1186:1195 well-defined nanopaper structures 1163:1195 well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure 1163:1222 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 7 58 with copolymers 1550:1559 arg1 Tg 1568:1569 a Tg 1566:1569 a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength 1566:1704 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 2 59 theme rational 608:615 arg1 design 617:622 rational design 608:622 rational design criteria 608:631 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 3 60 theme detailed 651:658 arg1 insights 660:667 detailed insights 651:667 detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers 651:896 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 7 61 theme strength 1697:1704 arg1 combination 1645:1655 the best combination 1636:1655 the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength 1636:1704 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 6 62 theme nanocomposites 1399:1412 arg1 properties 1354:1363 mechanical properties 1343:1363 mechanical properties 1343:1363 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 6 62 theme nanocomposites 1399:1412 arg1 mechanisms 1381:1390 deformation mechanisms 1369:1390 deformation mechanisms 1369:1390 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 1 63 theme renewable 145:153 arg1 toughness 268:276 toughness 268:276 toughness 268:276 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 1 63 theme renewable 145:153 arg1 reinforcements 155:168 renewable reinforcements 145:168 renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness 145:252 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 1 63 theme renewable 145:153 arg1 strength 255:262 strength 255:262 strength 255:262 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 1 63 theme renewable 145:153 arg1 generation 133:142 next generation 128:142 next generation 128:142 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 9 64 theme polymer 1853:1859 arg1 nanopapers 1861:1870 CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1845:1870 CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1845:1870 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 6 65 theme mechanical 1492:1501 arg1 analysis 1503:1510 dynamic mechanical analysis 1484:1510 dynamic mechanical analysis 1484:1510 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 7 66 theme molecular 1665:1673 arg1 mobility 1675:1682 high molecular mobility 1660:1682 high molecular mobility 1660:1682 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 0 67 from Toughness 14:22 arg1 Nanocomposites 68:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Understanding Toughness in Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites. 27303948 6 68 theme fracture 1462:1469 arg1 surfaces 1471:1478 fracture surfaces 1462:1478 fracture surfaces 1462:1478 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 1 69 theme Cellulose 84:92 arg1 CNFs 107:110 CNFs 107:110 CNFs 107:110 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 1 69 theme Cellulose 84:92 arg1 nanofibrils 94:104 Cellulose nanofibrils 84:104 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 84:111 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 7 70 theme best 1640:1643 arg1 combination 1645:1655 the best combination 1636:1655 the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength 1636:1704 An optimum toughness is obtained for copolymers with a Tg close to the testing temperature, where the soft phase possesses the best combination of high molecular mobility and cohesive strength. 27303948 9 71 theme future 1903:1908 arg1 engineering 1930:1940 future, rational molecular engineering 1903:1940 engineering 1930:1940 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 9 72 theme rational 1911:1918 arg1 engineering 1930:1940 future, rational molecular engineering 1903:1940 engineering 1930:1940 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 5 73 with structures 1186:1195 arg1 nanostructure 1210:1222 tunable nanostructure 1202:1222 tunable nanostructure 1202:1222 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 0 74 theme Bioinspired 27:37 arg1 Nanocomposites 68:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Understanding Toughness in Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites. 27303948 1 75 dep sustainable 174:184 arg1 high-performance 187:202 high-performance 187:202 high-performance 187:202 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are considered next generation, renewable reinforcements for sustainable, high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites uniting high stiffness, strength and toughness. 27303948 2 76 theme properties 491:500 arg1 picture 465:471 a quantitative picture 450:471 a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms 450:533 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 0 77 theme Nanofibril/Polymer 49:66 arg1 Nanocomposites 68:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites 27:81 Understanding Toughness in Bioinspired Cellulose Nanofibril/Polymer Nanocomposites. 27303948 5 78 theme core/shell 1103:1112 arg1 nanofibrils 1114:1124 well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils 1075:1124 well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils 1075:1124 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 9 79 theme reversible 1948:1957 arg1 bonds 1974:1978 reversible supramolecular bonds 1948:1978 reversible supramolecular bonds 1948:1978 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 3 80 theme tailor-made 712:722 arg1 copolymers 724:733 tailor-made copolymers 712:733 tailor-made copolymers 712:733 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 9 81 theme CNF/ 1845:1848 arg1 nanopapers 1861:1870 CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1845:1870 CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers 1845:1870 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 2 82 dep properties 491:500 arg1 properties 491:500 the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms 476:533 the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms 476:533 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 2 82 dep properties 491:500 arg1 deformation 512:522 deformation 512:522 deformation 512:522 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 2 82 dep properties 491:500 arg1 space 502:506 space 502:506 space 502:506 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 8 83 theme toughest 1751:1758 arg1 compositions 1760:1771 the toughest compositions 1747:1771 the toughest compositions 1747:1771 New deformation modes are activated for the toughest compositions. 27303948 6 84 theme systematic 1235:1244 arg1 correlation 1246:1256 The systematic correlation 1231:1256 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites 1231:1412 The systematic correlation between the thermal transitions in the (co)polymers, as well as its fraction, on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the nanocomposites is underscored by tensile tests, SEM imaging of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27303948 9 85 theme covalent 1983:1990 arg1 cross-linking 1992:2004 covalent cross-linking 1983:2004 covalent cross-linking 1983:2004 Our study establishes quantitative structure/property relationships in CNF/(co)polymer nanopapers and opens the design space for future, rational molecular engineering using reversible supramolecular bonds or covalent cross-linking. 27303948 3 86 theme tensile 746:752 arg1 properties 754:763 the tensile properties 742:763 the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 742:799 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 27303948 2 87 theme polymer 400:406 arg1 properties 408:417 well-controlled polymer properties 384:417 well-controlled polymer properties 384:417 However, the challenges associated with making well-defined CNF/polymer nanopaper hybrid structures with well-controlled polymer properties have so far hampered to deduce a quantitative picture of the mechanical properties space and deformation mechanisms, and limits the ability to tune and control the mechanical properties by rational design criteria. 27303948 5 88 theme well-defined 1075:1086 arg1 nanofibrils 1114:1124 well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils 1075:1124 well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils 1075:1124 We demonstrate that well-defined polymer-coated core/shell nanofibrils form at intermediate stages and that well-defined nanopaper structures with tunable nanostructure arise. 27303948 8 89 theme deformation 1711:1721 arg1 modes 1723:1727 New deformation modes 1707:1727 New deformation modes 1707:1727 New deformation modes are activated for the toughest compositions. 27303948 3 90 from properties 754:763 arg1 settings 792:799 bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 768:799 bioinspired CNF/polymer settings 768:799 Here, we discuss detailed insights on how the thermo-mechanical properties of tailor-made copolymers govern the tensile properties in bioinspired CNF/polymer settings, hence at high fractions of reinforcements and under nanoconfinement conditions for the polymers. 29191550 1 0 theme crucial 299:305 arg1 role 307:310 a crucial role 297:310 a crucial role 297:310 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 8 1 theme critical 1258:1265 arg1 suppression 1267:1277 the critical suppression 1254:1277 the critical suppression of LvLGBP expression 1254:1298 RNAi-based silencing resulted in the critical suppression of LvLGBP expression. 29191550 13 2 theme LPS 1908:1910 arg1 presence 1896:1903 the presence 1892:1903 the presence of LPS (12.9 folds) 1892:1923 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 4 3 theme recognition 863:873 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 3 theme recognition 863:873 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 3 theme recognition 863:873 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 3 theme recognition 863:873 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 6 4 with challenge 955:963 arg1 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 6 4 with challenge 955:963 arg1 virus 1017:1021 white spot syndrome virus 997:1021 white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) 997:1028 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 6 4 with challenge 955:963 arg1 parahaemolyticus 977:992 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 970:992 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 970:992 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 13 5 theme phenoloxidase 1866:1878 arg1 activity 1880:1887 the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity 1853:1887 the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity 1853:1887 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 5 6 theme LvLGBP 886:891 arg1 transcripts 893:903 The LvLGBP transcripts 882:903 The LvLGBP transcripts 882:903 The LvLGBP transcripts were expressed mainly in the hepatopancreas. 29191550 6 7 theme white 997:1001 arg1 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 6 7 theme white 997:1001 arg1 virus 1017:1021 white spot syndrome virus 997:1021 white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) 997:1028 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 13 8 dep 2.0 1982:1984 arg1 folds 1986:1990 folds 1986:1990 folds 1986:1990 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 8 9 theme expression 1289:1298 arg1 suppression 1267:1277 the critical suppression 1254:1277 the critical suppression of LvLGBP expression 1254:1298 RNAi-based silencing resulted in the critical suppression of LvLGBP expression. 29191550 0 10 from cloning 94:100 arg1 immunity 137:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 0 11 theme phenoloxidase 150:162 arg1 activation 164:173 phenoloxidase activation 150:173 phenoloxidase activation 150:173 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 3 12 theme amino 602:606 arg1 acids 608:612 367 amino acids 598:612 367 amino acids 598:612 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 0 13 from Purification 80:91 arg1 immunity 137:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 4 14 theme C 721:721 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 14 theme C 721:721 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 14 theme C 721:721 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 14 theme C 721:721 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 14 theme C 721:721 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 14 theme C 721:721 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 9 15 theme lethal 1446:1451 arg1 time 1453:1456 the median lethal time 1435:1456 the median lethal time 1435:1456 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV led to increase in the cumulative mortality and reduce in the median lethal time. 29191550 15 16 theme hemocytes 2327:2335 arg1 activity 2311:2318 phenoloxidase activity 2297:2318 phenoloxidase activity 2297:2318 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 15 16 theme hemocytes 2327:2335 arg1 encapsulation 2279:2291 encapsulation 2279:2291 encapsulation 2279:2291 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 0 17 from contribution 106:117 arg1 immunity 137:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 15 18 dep agglutination 2242:2254 arg1 enhancing 2269:2277 enhancing 2269:2277 enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes 2269:2335 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 15 18 dep agglutination 2242:2254 arg1 binding 2257:2263 binding 2257:2263 binding 2257:2263 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 10 19 located detected 1475:1482 arg2 LGBP 1466:1469 Native LGBP 1459:1469 Native LGBP 1459:1469 Native LGBP was detected only in the hepatopancreas as verified by Western blotting. 29191550 10 19 located detected 1475:1482 arg1 hepatopancreas 1496:1509 the hepatopancreas 1492:1509 the hepatopancreas 1492:1509 Native LGBP was detected only in the hepatopancreas as verified by Western blotting. 29191550 1 20 theme invading 367:374 arg1 pathogens 376:384 invading pathogens 367:384 invading pathogens 367:384 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 12 21 theme higher 1772:1777 arg1 potential 1779:1787 higher potential 1772:1787 higher potential than β-1,3-glucan 1772:1805 Its agglutinating activity was dominantly inhibited by LPS with higher potential than β-1,3-glucan. 29191550 9 22 theme gene 1321:1324 arg1 Knockdown 1301:1309 Knockdown 1301:1309 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV 1301:1375 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV led to increase in the cumulative mortality and reduce in the median lethal time. 29191550 1 23 theme β-1,3-glucan-binding 200:219 arg1 LGBP 230:233 LGBP 230:233 LGBP 230:233 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 1 23 theme β-1,3-glucan-binding 200:219 arg1 protein 221:227 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 200:227 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity 200:255 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 13 24 theme Purified 1808:1815 arg1 LvLGBP 1817:1822 Purified LvLGBP 1808:1822 Purified LvLGBP 1808:1822 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 4 25 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 25 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 25 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 25 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 25 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 25 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 6 26 theme syndrome 1008:1015 arg1 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 6 26 theme syndrome 1008:1015 arg1 virus 1017:1021 white spot syndrome virus 997:1021 white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) 997:1028 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 0 27 from vannamei 70:77 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide- 0:18 Lipopolysaccharide- 0:18 Lipopolysaccharide- 0:18 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 0 27 from vannamei 70:77 arg1 protein 45:51 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 24:51 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 24:51 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 9 28 with Knockdown 1301:1309 arg1 co-inoculation 1331:1344 co-inoculation 1331:1344 co-inoculation 1331:1344 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV led to increase in the cumulative mortality and reduce in the median lethal time. 29191550 7 29 theme β-1,3-glucan 1195:1206 arg1 stimulation 1208:1218 β-1,3-glucan stimulation 1195:1218 β-1,3-glucan stimulation 1195:1218 Its expression was also induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or β-1,3-glucan stimulation. 29191550 15 30 theme pathogenic 2142:2151 arg1 LvLGBP 2120:2125 LvLGBP 2120:2125 LvLGBP 2120:2125 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 15 30 theme pathogenic 2142:2151 arg1 protein 2165:2171 a pathogenic recognition protein 2140:2171 a pathogenic recognition protein 2140:2171 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 12 31 theme agglutinating 1712:1724 arg1 activity 1726:1733 Its agglutinating activity 1708:1733 Its agglutinating activity 1708:1733 Its agglutinating activity was dominantly inhibited by LPS with higher potential than β-1,3-glucan. 29191550 2 32 theme vannamei 475:482 arg1 hepatopancreas 445:458 the hepatopancreas 441:458 the hepatopancreas 441:458 In this study, LGBP was cloned and characterized from the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei, named as LvLGBP. 29191550 10 33 theme Western 1526:1532 arg1 blotting 1534:1541 Western blotting 1526:1541 Western blotting 1526:1541 Native LGBP was detected only in the hepatopancreas as verified by Western blotting. 29191550 0 34 theme β-1,3-glucan-binding 24:43 arg1 protein 45:51 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 24:51 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 24:51 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 14 35 theme antibacterial 2059:2071 arg1 activity 2073:2080 antibacterial activity 2059:2080 antibacterial activity 2059:2080 It could enhance the encapsulation by hemocytes but did not have antibacterial activity. 29191550 4 36 theme integrin 685:692 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 36 theme integrin 685:692 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 36 theme integrin 685:692 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 36 theme integrin 685:692 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 36 theme integrin 685:692 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 36 theme integrin 685:692 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 37 theme polysaccharide 815:828 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 37 theme polysaccharide 815:828 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 37 theme polysaccharide 815:828 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 37 theme polysaccharide 815:828 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 38 theme hydrolase 663:671 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 38 theme hydrolase 663:671 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 38 theme hydrolase 663:671 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 38 theme hydrolase 663:671 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 13 39 dep 12.9 1913:1916 arg1 folds 1918:1922 folds 1918:1922 folds 1918:1922 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 6 40 theme mRNA 1042:1045 arg1 expression 1047:1056 the LvLGBP mRNA expression 1031:1056 the LvLGBP mRNA expression 1031:1056 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 14 41 contain have 2054:2057 arg1 It 1994:1995 It 1994:1995 It 1994:1995 It could enhance the encapsulation by hemocytes but did not have antibacterial activity. 29191550 14 41 contain have 2054:2057 arg2 activity 2073:2080 antibacterial activity 2059:2080 antibacterial activity 2059:2080 It could enhance the encapsulation by hemocytes but did not have antibacterial activity. 29191550 9 42 theme cumulative 1400:1409 arg1 mortality 1411:1419 the cumulative mortality 1396:1419 the cumulative mortality 1396:1419 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV led to increase in the cumulative mortality and reduce in the median lethal time. 29191550 13 43 dep LPS 1908:1910 arg1 12.9 1913:1916 12.9 1913:1916 12.9 1913:1916 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 3 44 theme full-length 506:516 arg1 cDNA 518:521 Its full-length cDNA 502:521 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp 502:532 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 1 45 theme invertebrates 260:272 arg1 LGBP 230:233 LGBP 230:233 LGBP 230:233 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 1 45 theme invertebrates 260:272 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide- 176:194 Lipopolysaccharide- 176:194 Lipopolysaccharide- 176:194 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 1 45 theme invertebrates 260:272 arg1 protein 221:227 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 200:227 β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity 200:255 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 15 46 theme immune 2192:2197 arg1 defense 2199:2205 shrimp immune defense 2185:2205 shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens 2185:2232 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 0 47 dep Lipopolysaccharide- 0:18 arg1 cloning 94:100 cloning 94:100 cloning 94:100 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 0 47 dep Lipopolysaccharide- 0:18 arg1 Purification 80:91 Purification 80:91 Purification 80:91 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 0 47 dep Lipopolysaccharide- 0:18 arg1 contribution 106:117 contribution 106:117 contribution 106:117 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 6 48 from 48 h 1111:1114 arg1 maximum 1100:1106 a maximum 1098:1106 a maximum at 48 h post injection 1098:1129 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 3 49 theme bp 531:532 arg1 cDNA 518:521 Its full-length cDNA 502:521 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp 502:532 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 9 50 theme median 1439:1444 arg1 time 1453:1456 the median lethal time 1435:1456 the median lethal time 1435:1456 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV led to increase in the cumulative mortality and reduce in the median lethal time. 29191550 9 51 theme LvLGBP 1314:1319 arg1 gene 1321:1324 LvLGBP gene 1314:1324 LvLGBP gene 1314:1324 Knockdown of LvLGBP gene with co-inoculation by V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV led to increase in the cumulative mortality and reduce in the median lethal time. 29191550 3 52 theme reading 552:558 arg1 frame 560:564 an open reading frame 544:564 an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids 544:612 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 3 52 theme reading 552:558 arg1 bp 572:573 1101 bp 567:573 1101 bp 567:573 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 4 53 theme glycosyl 654:661 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 53 theme glycosyl 654:661 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 53 theme glycosyl 654:661 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 53 theme glycosyl 654:661 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 13 54 theme hemocyte 1857:1864 arg1 activity 1880:1887 the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity 1853:1887 the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity 1853:1887 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 11 55 theme binding 1614:1620 arg1 activity 1622:1629 the agglutinating and binding activity 1592:1629 activity 1622:1629 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas exhibited the agglutinating and binding activity towards Gram-negative bacterium V. parahaemolyticus with calcium-dependence. 29191550 6 56 theme spot 1003:1006 arg1 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 WSSV 1024:1027 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 6 56 theme spot 1003:1006 arg1 virus 1017:1021 white spot syndrome virus 997:1021 white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) 997:1028 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 4 57 theme β-1,3-glucan 850:861 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 57 theme β-1,3-glucan 850:861 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 57 theme β-1,3-glucan 850:861 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 57 theme β-1,3-glucan 850:861 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 11 58 theme agglutinating 1596:1608 arg1 activity 1622:1629 the agglutinating and binding activity 1592:1629 activity 1622:1629 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas exhibited the agglutinating and binding activity towards Gram-negative bacterium V. parahaemolyticus with calcium-dependence. 29191550 15 59 theme phenoloxidase 2297:2309 arg1 activity 2311:2318 phenoloxidase activity 2297:2318 phenoloxidase activity 2297:2318 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 8 60 theme LvLGBP 1282:1287 arg1 expression 1289:1298 LvLGBP expression 1282:1298 LvLGBP expression 1282:1298 RNAi-based silencing resulted in the critical suppression of LvLGBP expression. 29191550 8 61 theme RNAi-based 1221:1230 arg1 silencing 1232:1240 RNAi-based silencing 1221:1240 RNAi-based silencing 1221:1240 RNAi-based silencing resulted in the critical suppression of LvLGBP expression. 29191550 6 62 theme Vibrio 970:975 arg1 parahaemolyticus 977:992 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 970:992 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 970:992 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 6 63 theme LvLGBP 1035:1040 arg1 expression 1047:1056 the LvLGBP mRNA expression 1031:1056 the LvLGBP mRNA expression 1031:1056 Upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the LvLGBP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated to reach a maximum at 48 h post injection. 29191550 4 64 theme kinase 714:719 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 64 theme kinase 714:719 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 64 theme kinase 714:719 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 64 theme kinase 714:719 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 64 theme kinase 714:719 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 64 theme kinase 714:719 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 3 65 theme acids 608:612 arg1 peptide 587:593 a peptide 585:593 a peptide of 367 amino acids 585:612 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 3 66 contain contained 534:542 arg1 cDNA 518:521 Its full-length cDNA 502:521 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp 502:532 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 3 66 contain contained 534:542 arg2 frame 560:564 an open reading frame 544:564 an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids 544:612 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 3 66 contain contained 534:542 arg2 bp 572:573 1101 bp 567:573 1101 bp 567:573 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 11 67 theme Purified 1544:1551 arg1 LGBP 1553:1556 Purified LGBP 1544:1556 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas 1544:1580 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas exhibited the agglutinating and binding activity towards Gram-negative bacterium V. parahaemolyticus with calcium-dependence. 29191550 1 68 theme pathogens 376:384 arg1 recognition 352:362 the recognition 348:362 the recognition of invading pathogens 348:384 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 11 69 from hepatopancreas 1567:1580 arg1 LGBP 1553:1556 Purified LGBP 1544:1556 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas 1544:1580 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas exhibited the agglutinating and binding activity towards Gram-negative bacterium V. parahaemolyticus with calcium-dependence. 29191550 4 70 theme binding 694:700 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 70 theme binding 694:700 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 70 theme binding 694:700 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 70 theme binding 694:700 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 70 theme binding 694:700 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 70 theme binding 694:700 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 15 71 theme recognition 2153:2163 arg1 LvLGBP 2120:2125 LvLGBP 2120:2125 LvLGBP 2120:2125 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 15 71 theme recognition 2153:2163 arg1 protein 2165:2171 a pathogenic recognition protein 2140:2171 a pathogenic recognition protein 2140:2171 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 10 72 theme Native 1459:1464 arg1 LGBP 1466:1469 Native LGBP 1459:1469 Native LGBP 1459:1469 Native LGBP was detected only in the hepatopancreas as verified by Western blotting. 29191550 0 73 theme defense 129:135 arg1 immunity 137:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 4 74 theme primary 624:630 arg1 structure 632:640 The LGBP primary structure 615:640 The LGBP primary structure 615:640 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 75 theme recognition 769:779 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 75 theme recognition 769:779 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 75 theme recognition 769:779 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 75 theme recognition 769:779 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 75 theme recognition 769:779 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 75 theme recognition 769:779 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 76 theme phosphorylation 723:737 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 76 theme phosphorylation 723:737 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 76 theme phosphorylation 723:737 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 76 theme phosphorylation 723:737 arg1 motif 875:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif 848:879 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 76 theme phosphorylation 723:737 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 76 theme phosphorylation 723:737 arg1 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 1 77 theme innate 318:323 arg1 immunity 325:332 an innate immunity 315:332 an innate immunity 315:332 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) existed in diversity of invertebrates including shrimp plays a crucial role in an innate immunity via mediating the recognition of invading pathogens. 29191550 4 78 contain contained 642:650 arg2 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 78 contain contained 642:650 arg2 domain 673:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 a glycosyl hydrolase domain 652:678 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 78 contain contained 642:650 arg2 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 78 contain contained 642:650 arg1 structure 632:640 The LGBP primary structure 615:640 The LGBP primary structure 615:640 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 78 contain contained 642:650 arg2 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 13 79 theme slight 1932:1937 arg1 activation 1939:1948 slight activation 1932:1948 slight activation 1932:1948 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 15 80 theme invading 2215:2222 arg1 pathogens 2224:2232 invading pathogens 2215:2232 invading pathogens 2215:2232 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 11 81 theme Gram-negative 1639:1651 arg1 bacterium 1653:1661 Gram-negative bacterium 1639:1661 Gram-negative bacterium 1639:1661 Purified LGBP from the hepatopancreas exhibited the agglutinating and binding activity towards Gram-negative bacterium V. parahaemolyticus with calcium-dependence. 29191550 0 82 theme shrimp 122:127 arg1 immunity 137:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 shrimp defense immunity 122:144 Lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from Litopenaeus vannamei: Purification, cloning and contribution in shrimp defense immunity via phenoloxidase activation. 29191550 13 83 dep β-1,3-glucan 1968:1979 arg1 2.0 1982:1984 2.0 1982:1984 2.0 1982:1984 Purified LvLGBP could significantly activate the hemocyte phenoloxidase activity in the presence of LPS (12.9 folds), while slight activation was detected with β-1,3-glucan (2.0 folds). 29191550 4 84 theme binding 830:836 arg1 motifs 781:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 two polysaccharide recognition motifs 750:786 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 84 theme binding 830:836 arg1 motifs 702:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 two integrin binding motifs 681:707 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 84 theme binding 830:836 arg1 sites 739:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 two kinase C phosphorylation sites 710:743 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 4 84 theme binding 830:836 arg1 motif 838:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 a polysaccharide binding motif 813:842 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 15 85 theme shrimp 2185:2190 arg1 defense 2199:2205 shrimp immune defense 2185:2205 shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens 2185:2232 These results provided evidence that LvLGBP might act as a pathogenic recognition protein to activate shrimp immune defense against invading pathogens via the agglutination, binding and enhancing encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes. 29191550 4 86 theme LGBP 619:622 arg1 structure 632:640 The LGBP primary structure 615:640 The LGBP primary structure 615:640 The LGBP primary structure contained a glycosyl hydrolase domain, two integrin binding motifs, two kinase C phosphorylation sites, and two polysaccharide recognition motifs which were identified as a polysaccharide binding motif and a β-1,3-glucan recognition motif. 29191550 3 87 theme open 547:550 arg1 frame 560:564 an open reading frame 544:564 an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids 544:612 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 29191550 3 87 theme open 547:550 arg1 bp 572:573 1101 bp 567:573 1101 bp 567:573 Its full-length cDNA of 1282 bp contained an open reading frame (1101 bp) encoding a peptide of 367 amino acids. 28774774 8 0 theme C. 1139:1140 arg1 mutant 1156:1161 a C. albicans null mutant 1137:1161 a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans 1137:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 4 1 link O-linked 545:552 arg1 synthesis 574:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 8 2 theme wild-type 1270:1278 arg1 cells 1280:1284 wild-type cells 1270:1284 wild-type cells 1270:1284 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 4 3 theme glycan 567:572 arg1 synthesis 574:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 7 4 dep C. 1056:1057 arg1 albicans 1059:1066 albicans 1059:1066 albicans 1059:1066 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 6 5 theme functional 807:816 arg1 role 818:821 the functional role 803:821 the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways 803:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 4 6 theme chain 676:680 arg1 elongation 636:645 the elongation 632:645 the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain 632:680 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 8 7 theme only 1218:1221 arg1 KTR4 1223:1226 only KTR4 1218:1226 only KTR4 1218:1226 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 4 8 theme N-linked 558:565 arg1 synthesis 574:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 8 9 theme null 1151:1154 arg1 mutant 1156:1161 a C. albicans null mutant 1137:1161 a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans 1137:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 8 10 from defects 1168:1174 arg1 synthesis 1183:1191 the synthesis 1179:1191 the synthesis of O-linked glycans 1179:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 9 11 theme redundant 1346:1354 arg1 activity 1356:1363 a redundant activity 1344:1363 a redundant activity 1344:1363 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 9 12 theme glycosylation 1395:1407 arg1 pathway 1409:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 0 13 theme O-linked 111:118 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 O-linked glycosylation 111:132 O-linked glycosylation 111:132 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 6 14 theme glycosylation 861:873 arg1 pathways 875:882 the protein glycosylation pathways 849:882 the protein glycosylation pathways 849:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 6 15 from role 818:821 arg1 pathways 875:882 the protein glycosylation pathways 849:882 the protein glycosylation pathways 849:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 9 16 link N-linked 1386:1393 arg1 pathway 1409:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 0 17 dep N- 104:105 arg1 pathways 134:141 pathways 134:141 pathways 134:141 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 0 17 dep N- 104:105 arg1 the 100:102 the 100:102 the 100:102 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 1 18 theme basic 194:198 arg1 aspects 200:206 basic aspects 194:206 basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways 194:240 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model to understand basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways. 28774774 7 19 theme glycosylation 1077:1089 arg1 pathway 1091:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 6 20 theme protein 853:859 arg1 pathways 875:882 the protein glycosylation pathways 849:882 the protein glycosylation pathways 849:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 6 21 theme gene 989:992 arg1 family 994:999 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 975:999 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 975:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 4 22 contain have 509:512 arg1 enzymes 475:481 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 471:507 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 471:507 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 22 contain have 509:512 arg1 Ktr3 489:492 Ktr3 489:492 Ktr3 489:492 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 22 contain have 509:512 arg1 Mnt1/Kre2 499:507 Mnt1/Kre2 499:507 Mnt1/Kre2 499:507 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 22 contain have 509:512 arg1 Ktr1 483:486 Ktr1 483:486 Ktr1 483:486 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 22 contain have 509:512 arg2 activities 526:535 overlapping activities 514:535 overlapping activities 514:535 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 7 23 link N-linked 1068:1075 arg1 pathway 1091:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 4 24 theme O-linked 545:552 arg1 synthesis 574:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 8 25 with mutant 1156:1161 arg1 defects 1168:1174 defects 1168:1174 defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans 1168:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 2 26 theme family 380:385 arg1 knowledge 321:329 knowledge 321:329 knowledge 321:329 Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 2 26 theme family 380:385 arg1 role 353:356 the role 349:356 the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 349:385 Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 0 27 theme Saccharomyces 0:12 arg1 KTR4 25:28 KTR4 25:28 KTR4 25:28 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 0 27 theme Saccharomyces 0:12 arg1 mannosyltransferases 52:71 mannosyltransferases 52:71 mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways 52:141 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 0 27 theme Saccharomyces 0:12 arg1 KTR7 40:43 KTR7 40:43 KTR7 40:43 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 0 27 theme Saccharomyces 0:12 arg1 KTR5 31:34 KTR5 31:34 KTR5 31:34 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 9 28 dep S. 1372:1373 arg1 cerevisiae 1375:1384 cerevisiae 1375:1384 cerevisiae 1375:1384 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 7 29 theme N-linked 1068:1075 arg1 pathway 1091:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 8 30 link O-linked 1196:1203 arg1 glycans 1205:1211 O-linked glycans 1196:1211 O-linked glycans 1196:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 6 31 theme null 943:946 arg1 mutants 948:954 Candida albicans null mutants 926:954 Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 926:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 2 32 theme gene 375:378 arg1 family 380:385 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 361:385 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 361:385 Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 4 33 dep enzymes 475:481 arg1 enzymes 475:481 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 471:507 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 471:507 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 33 dep enzymes 475:481 arg1 Ktr3 489:492 Ktr3 489:492 Ktr3 489:492 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 33 dep enzymes 475:481 arg1 Mnt1/Kre2 499:507 Mnt1/Kre2 499:507 Mnt1/Kre2 499:507 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 33 dep enzymes 475:481 arg1 Ktr1 483:486 Ktr1 483:486 Ktr1 483:486 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 4 34 link N-linked 654:661 arg1 chain 676:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 9 35 theme major 1435:1439 arg1 role 1441:1444 a major role 1433:1444 a major role 1433:1444 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 7 36 theme C. 1056:1057 arg1 pathway 1091:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 1 37 theme protein 211:217 arg1 pathways 233:240 protein glycosylation pathways 211:240 protein glycosylation pathways 211:240 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model to understand basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways. 28774774 8 38 theme O-linked 1196:1203 arg1 glycans 1205:1211 O-linked glycans 1196:1211 O-linked glycans 1196:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 4 39 theme N-linked 654:661 arg1 chain 676:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 6 40 theme KTR7 841:844 arg1 role 818:821 the functional role 803:821 the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways 803:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 2 41 theme metabolic 258:266 arg1 routes 268:273 these metabolic routes 252:273 these metabolic routes 252:273 Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 1 42 theme glycosylation 219:231 arg1 pathways 233:240 protein glycosylation pathways 211:240 protein glycosylation pathways 211:240 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model to understand basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways. 28774774 4 43 theme outer 670:674 arg1 chain 676:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 6 44 theme albicans 934:941 arg1 mutants 948:954 Candida albicans null mutants 926:954 Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 926:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 6 45 theme MNT1/KRE2 979:987 arg1 family 994:999 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 975:999 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 975:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 1 46 theme pathways 233:240 arg1 aspects 200:206 basic aspects 194:206 basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways 194:240 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model to understand basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways. 28774774 6 47 theme Candida 926:932 arg1 mutants 948:954 Candida albicans null mutants 926:954 Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 926:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 6 48 theme KTR5 832:835 arg1 role 818:821 the functional role 803:821 the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways 803:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 9 49 link O-linked 1449:1456 arg1 synthesis 1465:1473 O-linked glycan synthesis 1449:1473 O-linked glycan synthesis 1449:1473 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 2 50 dep knowledge 321:329 arg1 gaps 331:334 gaps; 331:335 gaps; among them 331:346 Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 8 51 theme glycans 1205:1211 arg1 synthesis 1183:1191 the synthesis 1179:1191 the synthesis of O-linked glycans 1179:1211 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 6 52 from complementation 907:921 arg1 mutants 948:954 Candida albicans null mutants 926:954 Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 926:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 8 53 dep C. 1139:1140 arg1 albicans 1142:1149 albicans 1142:1149 albicans 1142:1149 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 8 54 link O-linked 1248:1255 arg1 glycans 1257:1263 the O-linked glycans 1244:1263 the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells 1244:1284 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 9 55 theme O-linked 1449:1456 arg1 synthesis 1465:1473 O-linked glycan synthesis 1449:1473 O-linked glycan synthesis 1449:1473 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 9 56 theme glycan 1458:1463 arg1 synthesis 1465:1473 O-linked glycan synthesis 1449:1473 O-linked glycan synthesis 1449:1473 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 4 57 theme overlapping 514:524 arg1 activities 526:535 overlapping activities 514:535 overlapping activities 514:535 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 7 58 theme S. 1012:1013 arg1 genes 1026:1030 The three S. cerevisiae genes 1002:1030 The three S. cerevisiae genes 1002:1030 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 6 59 theme KTR4 826:829 arg1 role 818:821 the functional role 803:821 the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways 803:882 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 9 60 contain have 1339:1342 arg2 activity 1356:1363 a redundant activity 1344:1363 a redundant activity 1344:1363 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 9 60 contain have 1339:1342 arg1 genes 1333:1337 the three genes 1323:1337 the three genes 1323:1337 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 8 61 theme O-linked 1248:1255 arg1 glycans 1257:1263 the O-linked glycans 1244:1263 the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells 1244:1284 KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. 28774774 7 62 theme cerevisiae 1015:1024 arg1 genes 1026:1030 The three S. cerevisiae genes 1002:1030 The three S. cerevisiae genes 1002:1030 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 9 63 theme N-linked 1386:1393 arg1 pathway 1409:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 0 64 link O-linked 111:118 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 O-linked glycosylation 111:132 O-linked glycosylation 111:132 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 5 65 theme cell 750:753 arg1 phosphomannan 760:772 the cell wall phosphomannan 746:772 the cell wall phosphomannan 746:772 KTR6 encodes for a phosphomannosyltransferase that synthesizes the cell wall phosphomannan. 28774774 4 66 link N-linked 558:565 arg1 synthesis 574:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis 540:582 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 2 67 theme MNT1/KRE2 365:373 arg1 family 380:385 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 361:385 the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 361:385 Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 5 68 theme wall 755:758 arg1 phosphomannan 760:772 the cell wall phosphomannan 746:772 the cell wall phosphomannan 746:772 KTR6 encodes for a phosphomannosyltransferase that synthesizes the cell wall phosphomannan. 28774774 6 69 theme heterologous 894:905 arg1 complementation 907:921 heterologous complementation 894:921 heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 894:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28774774 0 70 dep Saccharomyces 0:12 arg1 cerevisiae 14:23 cerevisiae 14:23 cerevisiae 14:23 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. 28774774 7 71 from defects 1041:1047 arg1 pathway 1091:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway 1052:1097 The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. 28774774 4 72 theme glycan 663:668 arg1 chain 676:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 the N-linked glycan outer chain 650:680 The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. 28774774 9 73 theme S. 1372:1373 arg1 pathway 1409:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway 1368:1415 Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis. 28774774 6 74 theme family 994:999 arg1 members 964:970 members 964:970 members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family 964:999 Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. 28118510 3 0 from differences 359:369 arg1 organism 409:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism 374:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 374:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 7 1 from site 1150:1153 arg1 accumulation 1103:1114 The accumulation 1099:1114 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site 1099:1153 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 4 2 theme unprocessed 683:693 arg1 peptides 700:707 unprocessed stem peptides 683:707 unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides) 683:723 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 2 theme unprocessed 683:693 arg1 pentapeptides 710:722 pentapeptides 710:722 pentapeptides 710:722 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 8 3 from composition 1330:1340 arg1 this 1264:1267 this 1264:1267 this 1264:1267 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 8 3 from composition 1330:1340 arg1 bacteria 1365:1372 Gram-positive bacteria 1351:1372 Gram-positive bacteria 1351:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 8 3 from composition 1330:1340 arg1 indication 1282:1291 the first indication 1272:1291 the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1272:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 4 4 contain contains 656:663 arg2 muropeptides 665:676 muropeptides 665:676 muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides) 665:723 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 4 contain contains 656:663 arg1 PG 639:640 PG 639:640 PG at the septum 639:654 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 5 5 theme PG 891:892 arg1 crosslinking 894:905 PG crosslinking 891:905 PG crosslinking 891:905 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 2 6 from differences 271:281 arg1 architecture 289:300 PG architecture 286:300 PG architecture 286:300 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 6 7 theme new 1079:1081 arg1 pole 1083:1086 the new pole 1075:1086 the new pole of a cell 1075:1096 The pentapeptides remain partially unprocessed after division when they form the new pole of a cell. 28118510 8 8 theme local 1296:1300 arg1 differences 1302:1312 local differences 1296:1312 local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1296:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 4 9 theme D-amino 576:582 arg1 analogue 589:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue 560:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) 560:603 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 9 theme D-amino 576:582 arg1 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 7 10 theme protein 1234:1240 arg1 2B 1242:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 7 11 theme division 1197:1204 arg1 2B 1242:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 0 12 theme Pentapeptide-rich 0:16 arg1 peptidoglycan 18:30 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan 0:30 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan 0:30 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site. 28118510 4 13 from septum 649:654 arg1 PG 639:640 PG 639:640 PG at the septum 639:654 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 14 theme fluorescent 564:574 arg1 analogue 589:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue 560:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) 560:603 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 14 theme fluorescent 564:574 arg1 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 7 15 theme specific 1206:1213 arg1 2B 1242:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 5 16 from degree 881:886 arg1 composition 929:939 PG composition 926:939 PG composition 926:939 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 5 16 from degree 881:886 arg1 marker 971:976 a topological marker 957:976 a topological marker for other proteins 957:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 3 17 theme model 403:407 arg1 organism 409:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism 374:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 374:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 4 18 with muropeptides 665:676 arg1 peptides 700:707 unprocessed stem peptides 683:707 unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides) 683:723 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 18 with muropeptides 665:676 arg1 pentapeptides 710:722 pentapeptides 710:722 pentapeptides 710:722 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 6 19 theme cell 1093:1096 arg1 pole 1083:1086 the new pole 1075:1086 the new pole of a cell 1075:1096 The pentapeptides remain partially unprocessed after division when they form the new pole of a cell. 28118510 8 20 from indication 1282:1291 arg1 composition 1330:1340 the chemical composition 1317:1340 the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1317:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 2 21 theme division 235:242 arg1 sites 244:248 division sites 235:248 division sites 235:248 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 1 22 theme large 152:156 arg1 macromolecule 158:170 one large macromolecule 148:170 one large macromolecule 148:170 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 7 23 theme division 1141:1148 arg1 site 1150:1153 the division site 1137:1153 the division site 1137:1153 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 4 24 theme antibiotic 464:473 arg1 treatment 475:483 antibiotic treatment 464:483 antibiotic treatment 464:483 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 5 25 from difference 912:921 arg1 composition 929:939 PG composition 926:939 PG composition 926:939 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 5 25 from difference 912:921 arg1 marker 971:976 a topological marker 957:976 a topological marker for other proteins 957:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 8 26 theme chemical 1321:1328 arg1 composition 1330:1340 the chemical composition 1317:1340 the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1317:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 7 27 theme 2B 1242:1243 arg1 activity 1176:1183 the activity 1172:1183 the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1172:1243 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 3 28 theme Gram-positive 378:390 arg1 organism 409:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism 374:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 374:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 3 29 theme such 348:351 arg1 differences 359:369 such local differences 348:369 such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 348:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 2 30 theme local 265:269 arg1 differences 271:281 local differences 265:281 local differences in PG architecture 265:300 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 3 31 theme rod-shaped 392:401 arg1 organism 409:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism 374:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 374:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 2 32 theme cell 220:223 arg1 poles 225:229 cell poles 220:229 cell poles 220:229 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 0 33 dep Bacillus 39:46 arg1 subtilis 48:55 subtilis 48:55 subtilis 48:55 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site. 28118510 8 34 theme first 1276:1280 arg1 this 1264:1267 this 1264:1267 this 1264:1267 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 8 34 theme first 1276:1280 arg1 indication 1282:1291 the first indication 1272:1291 the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1272:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 5 35 theme PG 926:927 arg1 composition 929:939 PG composition 926:939 PG composition 926:939 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 5 35 theme PG 926:927 arg1 marker 971:976 a topological marker 957:976 a topological marker for other proteins 957:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 4 36 theme vancomycin 546:555 arg1 analogue 534:541 a fluorescent analogue 520:541 a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin 520:555 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 36 theme vancomycin 546:555 arg1 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 36 theme vancomycin 546:555 arg1 analogue 589:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue 560:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) 560:603 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 1 37 theme major 101:105 arg1 component 107:115 the major component 97:115 the major component of the bacterial cell wall 97:142 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 1 37 theme major 101:105 arg1 Peptidoglycan 77:89 Peptidoglycan 77:89 Peptidoglycan (PG) 77:94 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 5 38 theme local 875:879 arg1 degree 881:886 a lower local degree 867:886 a lower local degree of PG crosslinking 867:905 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 4 39 with treatment 475:483 arg1 analogue 589:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue 560:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) 560:603 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 39 with treatment 475:483 arg1 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 39 with treatment 475:483 arg1 analogue 534:541 a fluorescent analogue 520:541 a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin 520:555 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 7 40 theme unprocessed 1119:1129 arg1 PG 1131:1132 unprocessed PG 1119:1132 unprocessed PG 1119:1132 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 5 41 theme division 834:841 arg1 sites 843:847 division sites 834:847 division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins 834:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 2 42 theme PG 214:215 arg1 curvatures 200:209 the different curvatures 186:209 the different curvatures of PG 186:215 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 5 43 theme lower 869:873 arg1 degree 881:886 a lower local degree 867:886 a lower local degree of PG crosslinking 867:905 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 3 44 theme Bacillus 418:425 arg1 organism 409:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism 374:416 the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 374:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 0 45 theme Bacillus 39:46 arg1 site 71:74 the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site 35:74 the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site 35:74 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site. 28118510 4 46 theme wall 510:513 arg1 labeling 489:496 labeling 489:496 labeling 489:496 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 46 theme wall 510:513 arg1 treatment 475:483 antibiotic treatment 464:483 antibiotic treatment 464:483 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 7 47 theme PG 1131:1132 arg1 accumulation 1103:1114 The accumulation 1099:1114 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site 1099:1153 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 4 48 theme Single-cell 437:447 arg1 analysis 449:456 Single-cell analysis 437:456 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine 437:623 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 8 49 theme PG 1345:1346 arg1 composition 1330:1340 the chemical composition 1317:1340 the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1317:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 3 50 theme local 353:357 arg1 differences 359:369 such local differences 348:369 such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis 348:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 4 51 theme cell 505:508 arg1 wall 510:513 the cell wall 501:513 the cell wall 501:513 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 52 theme fluorescent 522:532 arg1 analogue 534:541 a fluorescent analogue 520:541 a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin 520:555 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 53 dep analogue 534:541 arg1 HCC-amino-D-alanine 605:623 HCC-amino-D-alanine 605:623 HCC-amino-D-alanine 605:623 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 5 54 theme crosslinking 894:905 arg1 degree 881:886 a lower local degree 867:886 a lower local degree of PG crosslinking 867:905 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 5 54 theme crosslinking 894:905 arg1 difference 912:921 a difference 910:921 a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins 910:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 0 55 theme cell-division 57:69 arg1 site 71:74 the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site 35:74 the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site 35:74 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site. 28118510 2 56 theme different 190:198 arg1 curvatures 200:209 the different curvatures 186:209 the different curvatures of PG 186:215 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 4 57 theme stem 695:698 arg1 peptides 700:707 unprocessed stem peptides 683:707 unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides) 683:723 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 57 theme stem 695:698 arg1 pentapeptides 710:722 pentapeptides 710:722 pentapeptides 710:722 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 7 58 theme penicillin-binding 1215:1232 arg1 2B 1242:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 28118510 5 59 theme topological 959:969 arg1 composition 929:939 PG composition 926:939 PG composition 926:939 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 5 59 theme topological 959:969 arg1 marker 971:976 a topological marker 957:976 a topological marker for other proteins 957:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 3 60 dep Bacillus 418:425 arg1 subtilis 427:434 subtilis 427:434 subtilis 427:434 Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. 28118510 2 61 theme PG 286:287 arg1 architecture 289:300 PG architecture 286:300 PG architecture 286:300 To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. 28118510 8 62 from differences 1302:1312 arg1 composition 1330:1340 the chemical composition 1317:1340 the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1317:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 8 63 theme differences 1302:1312 arg1 this 1264:1267 this 1264:1267 this 1264:1267 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 8 63 theme differences 1302:1312 arg1 indication 1282:1291 the first indication 1272:1291 the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria 1272:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 4 64 with labeling 489:496 arg1 analogue 589:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue 560:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) 560:603 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 64 with labeling 489:496 arg1 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 64 with labeling 489:496 arg1 analogue 534:541 a fluorescent analogue 520:541 a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin 520:555 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 1 65 theme bacterial 124:132 arg1 wall 139:142 the bacterial cell wall 120:142 the bacterial cell wall 120:142 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 4 66 theme acid 584:587 arg1 analogue 589:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue 560:596 the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) 560:603 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 4 66 theme acid 584:587 arg1 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 FDAA 599:602 Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). 28118510 8 67 theme Gram-positive 1351:1363 arg1 bacteria 1365:1372 Gram-positive bacteria 1351:1372 Gram-positive bacteria 1351:1372 To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria. 28118510 0 68 dep peptidoglycan 18:30 arg1 site 71:74 the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site 35:74 the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site 35:74 Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site. 28118510 1 69 theme cell 134:137 arg1 wall 139:142 the bacterial cell wall 120:142 the bacterial cell wall 120:142 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 5 70 theme other 982:986 arg1 proteins 988:995 other proteins 982:995 other proteins 982:995 Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. 28118510 1 71 theme wall 139:142 arg1 component 107:115 the major component 97:115 the major component of the bacterial cell wall 97:142 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 1 71 theme wall 139:142 arg1 Peptidoglycan 77:89 Peptidoglycan 77:89 Peptidoglycan (PG) 77:94 Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. 28118510 7 72 theme cell 1192:1195 arg1 division 1197:1204 cell division 1192:1204 the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B 1188:1243 The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. 27770893 8 0 theme infection 1645:1653 arg1 treatment 1622:1630 treatment 1622:1630 treatment of bacterial infection 1622:1653 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 5 1 theme lower 1007:1011 arg1 ratios 1022:1027 lower swelling ratios 1007:1027 lower swelling ratios 1007:1027 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 6 2 theme mechanical 1182:1191 arg1 properties 1193:1202 mechanical properties 1182:1202 mechanical properties 1182:1202 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 8 3 theme inhibition 1432:1441 arg1 effects 1443:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects 1407:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1407:1500 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 5 4 theme gelation 989:996 arg1 time 998:1001 shorter gelation time 981:1001 shorter gelation time 981:1001 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 5 5 dep 40mg/mL 938:944 arg1 to 935:936 to 935:936 to 935:936 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 7 6 dep in 1229:1230 arg1 vitro 1232:1236 vitro 1232:1236 vitro 1232:1236 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 8 7 theme composite 1521:1529 arg1 dressing 1535:1542 the composite gel dressing 1517:1542 the composite gel dressing 1517:1542 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 8 7 theme composite 1521:1529 arg1 one 1560:1562 the one 1556:1562 especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH 1545:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 5 8 theme swelling 1013:1020 arg1 ratios 1022:1027 lower swelling ratios 1007:1027 lower swelling ratios 1007:1027 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 4 9 theme rheological 788:798 arg1 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 9 theme rheological 788:798 arg1 time 735:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 9 theme rheological 788:798 arg1 function 856:863 the function 852:863 the function of microsphere ratios 852:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 9 theme rheological 788:798 arg1 modulus 776:782 compressive modulus 764:782 compressive modulus 764:782 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 9 theme rheological 788:798 arg1 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 9 theme rheological 788:798 arg1 properties 800:809 rheological properties 788:809 rheological properties 788:809 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 0 10 theme wound 135:139 arg1 healing 141:147 wound healing 135:147 wound healing 135:147 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 2 11 theme Schiff-base 339:349 arg1 reaction 351:358 the Schiff-base reaction 335:358 the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 335:454 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 8 12 contain has 1596:1598 arg1 dressing 1535:1542 the composite gel dressing 1517:1542 the composite gel dressing 1517:1542 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 8 12 contain has 1596:1598 arg2 future 1612:1617 future 1612:1617 future 1612:1617 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 8 12 contain has 1596:1598 arg1 one 1560:1562 the one 1556:1562 especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH 1545:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 5 13 theme shorter 981:987 arg1 time 998:1001 shorter gelation time 981:1001 shorter gelation time 981:1001 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 6 14 with dressing 1110:1117 arg1 microspheres 1132:1143 30mg/mL microspheres 1124:1143 30mg/mL microspheres 1124:1143 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 2 15 theme alginate 406:413 arg1 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 15 theme alginate 406:413 arg1 groups 387:392 aldehyde and amino groups 368:392 groups 387:392 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 15 theme alginate 406:413 arg1 alginate 406:413 oxidized alginate 397:413 oxidized alginate (OAlg) 397:420 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 15 theme alginate 406:413 arg1 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 15 theme alginate 406:413 arg1 chitosan 440:447 carboxymethyl chitosan 426:447 carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 426:454 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 4 16 theme dressing 822:829 arg1 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 16 theme dressing 822:829 arg1 time 735:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 16 theme dressing 822:829 arg1 function 856:863 the function 852:863 the function of microsphere ratios 852:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 16 theme dressing 822:829 arg1 modulus 776:782 compressive modulus 764:782 compressive modulus 764:782 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 16 theme dressing 822:829 arg1 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 16 theme dressing 822:829 arg1 properties 800:809 rheological properties 788:809 rheological properties 788:809 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 3 17 theme antibacterial 468:480 arg1 properties 497:506 antibacterial and mechanical properties 468:506 antibacterial and mechanical properties 468:506 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 18 theme mechanical 486:495 arg1 properties 497:506 antibacterial and mechanical properties 468:506 antibacterial and mechanical properties 468:506 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 7 19 theme release 1243:1249 arg1 results 1251:1257 in vitro drug release results 1229:1257 in vitro drug release results 1229:1257 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 6 20 theme wound 1208:1212 arg1 healing 1214:1220 wound healing 1208:1220 wound healing 1208:1220 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 3 21 dep fabricated 580:589 arg1 followed 628:635 followed 628:635 followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing 628:714 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 22 theme loaded 541:546 arg1 GMs 570:572 GMs 570:572 GMs 570:572 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 22 theme loaded 541:546 arg1 microspheres 556:567 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres 509:567 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) 509:573 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 5 23 theme microspheres 914:925 arg1 ratios 904:909 ratios 904:909 ratios of microspheres 904:925 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 0 24 theme antibacterial 11:23 arg1 dressing 52:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing 0:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing 0:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 7 25 theme loaded 1275:1280 arg1 release 1304:1310 sustained release 1294:1310 sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres 1294:1391 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 7 25 theme loaded 1275:1280 arg1 TH 1282:1283 the loaded TH 1271:1283 the loaded TH 1271:1283 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 2 26 theme amino 381:385 arg1 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 26 theme amino 381:385 arg1 groups 387:392 aldehyde and amino groups 368:392 groups 387:392 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 26 theme amino 381:385 arg1 alginate 406:413 oxidized alginate 397:413 oxidized alginate (OAlg) 397:420 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 26 theme amino 381:385 arg1 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 26 theme amino 381:385 arg1 chitosan 440:447 carboxymethyl chitosan 426:447 carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 426:454 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 7 27 theme in 1229:1230 arg1 results 1251:1257 in vitro drug release results 1229:1257 in vitro drug release results 1229:1257 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 2 28 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 28 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 groups 387:392 aldehyde and amino groups 368:392 groups 387:392 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 28 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 alginate 406:413 oxidized alginate 397:413 oxidized alginate (OAlg) 397:420 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 28 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 28 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 chitosan 440:447 carboxymethyl chitosan 426:447 carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 426:454 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 7 29 theme gel 1331:1333 arg1 dressing 1335:1342 the composite gel dressing 1317:1342 the composite gel dressing 1317:1342 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 8 30 with one 1560:1562 arg1 GMs 1577:1579 30mg/mL GMs 1569:1579 30mg/mL GMs containing TH 1569:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 8 31 theme bacteria 1416:1423 arg1 effects 1443:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects 1407:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1407:1500 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 2 32 theme carboxymethyl 426:438 arg1 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 32 theme carboxymethyl 426:438 arg1 chitosan 440:447 carboxymethyl chitosan 426:447 carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 426:454 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 0 33 theme hydrogel 43:50 arg1 dressing 52:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing 0:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing 0:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 5 34 theme higher 1041:1046 arg1 strength 1059:1066 higher mechanical strength 1041:1066 higher mechanical strength 1041:1066 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 7 35 theme sustained 1294:1302 arg1 release 1304:1310 sustained release 1294:1310 sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres 1294:1391 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 7 35 theme sustained 1294:1302 arg1 TH 1282:1283 the loaded TH 1271:1283 the loaded TH 1271:1283 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 2 36 theme aldehyde 368:375 arg1 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 36 theme aldehyde 368:375 arg1 groups 387:392 aldehyde and amino groups 368:392 groups 387:392 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 36 theme aldehyde 368:375 arg1 alginate 406:413 oxidized alginate 397:413 oxidized alginate (OAlg) 397:420 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 36 theme aldehyde 368:375 arg1 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 CMCS 450:453 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 36 theme aldehyde 368:375 arg1 chitosan 440:447 carboxymethyl chitosan 426:447 carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) 426:454 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 8 37 contain containing 1581:1590 arg1 GMs 1577:1579 30mg/mL GMs 1569:1579 30mg/mL GMs containing TH 1569:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 8 37 contain containing 1581:1590 arg2 TH 1592:1593 TH 1592:1593 TH 1592:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 1 38 theme drug 259:262 arg1 delivery 264:271 drug delivery 259:271 drug delivery 259:271 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres is developed for drug delivery and wound healing. 27770893 0 39 theme alginate-chitosan 25:41 arg1 dressing 52:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing 0:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing 0:59 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 8 40 theme powerful 1407:1414 arg1 effects 1443:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects 1407:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1407:1500 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 3 41 theme composite 693:701 arg1 dressing 707:714 a composite gel dressing 691:714 a composite gel dressing 691:714 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 42 theme cross-linking 606:618 arg1 method 620:625 an emulsion cross-linking method 594:625 an emulsion cross-linking method 594:625 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 8 43 theme growth 1425:1430 arg1 effects 1443:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects 1407:1449 powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1407:1500 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 6 44 theme suitable 1157:1164 arg1 stabilities 1166:1176 more suitable stabilities 1152:1176 more suitable stabilities 1152:1176 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 3 45 theme gelatin 548:554 arg1 GMs 570:572 GMs 570:572 GMs 570:572 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 45 theme gelatin 548:554 arg1 microspheres 556:567 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres 509:567 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) 509:573 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 7 46 with contrast 1347:1354 arg1 hydrogels 1366:1374 pure hydrogels 1361:1374 pure hydrogels 1361:1374 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 7 46 with contrast 1347:1354 arg1 microspheres 1380:1391 microspheres 1380:1391 microspheres 1380:1391 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 3 47 theme gel 703:705 arg1 dressing 707:714 a composite gel dressing 691:714 a composite gel dressing 691:714 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 4 48 theme In 717:718 arg1 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 48 theme In 717:718 arg1 time 735:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 48 theme In 717:718 arg1 function 856:863 the function 852:863 the function of microsphere ratios 852:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 48 theme In 717:718 arg1 modulus 776:782 compressive modulus 764:782 compressive modulus 764:782 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 48 theme In 717:718 arg1 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 48 theme In 717:718 arg1 properties 800:809 rheological properties 788:809 rheological properties 788:809 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 6 49 theme 30mg/mL 1124:1130 arg1 microspheres 1132:1143 30mg/mL microspheres 1124:1143 30mg/mL microspheres 1124:1143 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 8 50 theme bacterial 1635:1643 arg1 infection 1645:1653 bacterial infection 1635:1653 bacterial infection 1635:1653 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 7 51 from dressing 1335:1342 arg1 release 1304:1310 sustained release 1294:1310 sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres 1294:1391 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 7 51 from dressing 1335:1342 arg1 TH 1282:1283 the loaded TH 1271:1283 the loaded TH 1271:1283 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 1 52 theme wound 277:281 arg1 healing 283:289 wound healing 277:289 wound healing 277:289 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres is developed for drug delivery and wound healing. 27770893 6 53 theme other 1082:1086 arg1 formulations 1088:1099 other formulations 1082:1099 other formulations 1082:1099 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 8 54 theme gel 1531:1533 arg1 dressing 1535:1542 the composite gel dressing 1517:1542 the composite gel dressing 1517:1542 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 8 54 theme gel 1531:1533 arg1 one 1560:1562 the one 1556:1562 especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH 1545:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 4 55 theme ratios 880:885 arg1 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 55 theme ratios 880:885 arg1 time 735:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 55 theme ratios 880:885 arg1 function 856:863 the function 852:863 the function of microsphere ratios 852:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 55 theme ratios 880:885 arg1 modulus 776:782 compressive modulus 764:782 compressive modulus 764:782 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 55 theme ratios 880:885 arg1 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 55 theme ratios 880:885 arg1 properties 800:809 rheological properties 788:809 rheological properties 788:809 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 8 56 theme 30mg/mL 1569:1575 arg1 GMs 1577:1579 30mg/mL GMs 1569:1579 30mg/mL GMs containing TH 1569:1593 Furthermore, powerful bacteria growth inhibition effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the composite gel dressing, especially the one with 30mg/mL GMs containing TH, has a promising future in treatment of bacterial infection. 27770893 1 57 theme antibacterial 153:165 arg1 dressing 204:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing 150:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres 150:240 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres is developed for drug delivery and wound healing. 27770893 0 58 theme gelatin 72:78 arg1 microspheres 80:91 gelatin microspheres 72:91 gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing 72:147 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 6 59 theme gel 1106:1108 arg1 dressing 1110:1117 the gel dressing 1102:1117 the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres 1102:1143 Comparing to other formulations, the gel dressing with 30mg/mL microspheres showed more suitable stabilities and mechanical properties for wound healing. 27770893 4 60 theme microsphere 868:878 arg1 ratios 880:885 microsphere ratios 868:885 microsphere ratios 868:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 7 61 theme composite 1321:1329 arg1 dressing 1335:1342 the composite gel dressing 1317:1342 the composite gel dressing 1317:1342 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 2 62 theme oxidized 397:404 arg1 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 OAlg 416:419 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 2 62 theme oxidized 397:404 arg1 alginate 406:413 oxidized alginate 397:413 oxidized alginate (OAlg) 397:420 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 5 63 theme mechanical 1048:1057 arg1 strength 1059:1066 higher mechanical strength 1041:1066 higher mechanical strength 1041:1066 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 1 64 theme biodegradable 171:183 arg1 dressing 204:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing 150:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres 150:240 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres is developed for drug delivery and wound healing. 27770893 3 65 theme emulsion 597:604 arg1 method 620:625 an emulsion cross-linking method 594:625 an emulsion cross-linking method 594:625 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 4 66 theme gel 818:820 arg1 dressing 822:829 the gel dressing 814:829 the gel dressing 814:829 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 5 67 theme composite 951:959 arg1 dressing 961:968 the composite dressing 947:968 the composite dressing 947:968 With increasing ratios of microspheres from 10 to 40mg/mL, the composite dressing manifested shorter gelation time and lower swelling ratios, as well as higher mechanical strength. 27770893 4 68 dep In 717:718 arg1 vitro 720:724 vitro 720:724 vitro 720:724 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 1 69 theme composite 185:193 arg1 dressing 204:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing 150:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres 150:240 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres is developed for drug delivery and wound healing. 27770893 7 70 theme pure 1361:1364 arg1 hydrogels 1366:1374 pure hydrogels 1361:1374 pure hydrogels 1361:1374 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 4 71 theme compressive 764:774 arg1 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 71 theme compressive 764:774 arg1 time 735:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 71 theme compressive 764:774 arg1 function 856:863 the function 852:863 the function of microsphere ratios 852:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 71 theme compressive 764:774 arg1 modulus 776:782 compressive modulus 764:782 compressive modulus 764:782 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 71 theme compressive 764:774 arg1 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 71 theme compressive 764:774 arg1 properties 800:809 rheological properties 788:809 rheological properties 788:809 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 0 72 theme tetracycline 104:115 arg1 hydrochloride 117:129 tetracycline hydrochloride 104:129 tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing 104:147 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 3 73 theme tetracycline 509:520 arg1 TH 537:538 TH 537:538 TH 537:538 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 73 theme tetracycline 509:520 arg1 hydrochloride 522:534 tetracycline hydrochloride 509:534 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) 509:573 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 2 74 theme gelation 309:316 arg1 mechanism 296:304 The mechanism 292:304 The mechanism of gelation 292:316 The mechanism of gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups of oxidized alginate (OAlg) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). 27770893 3 75 theme hydrochloride 522:534 arg1 GMs 570:572 GMs 570:572 GMs 570:572 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 3 75 theme hydrochloride 522:534 arg1 microspheres 556:567 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres 509:567 tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) 509:573 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 1 76 theme hydrogel 195:202 arg1 dressing 204:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing 150:211 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres 150:240 An antibacterial and biodegradable composite hydrogel dressing integrated with microspheres is developed for drug delivery and wound healing. 27770893 7 77 theme drug 1238:1241 arg1 results 1251:1257 in vitro drug release results 1229:1257 in vitro drug release results 1229:1257 Also, in vitro drug release results showed that the loaded TH could be sustained release from the composite gel dressing by contrast with pure hydrogels and microspheres. 27770893 3 78 theme OAlg-CMCS 661:669 arg1 hydrogel 671:678 the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel 657:678 the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel 657:678 To enhance antibacterial and mechanical properties, tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) loaded gelatin microspheres (GMs) were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by integrating into the OAlg-CMCS hydrogel to produce a composite gel dressing. 27770893 0 79 contain containing 93:102 arg2 hydrochloride 117:129 tetracycline hydrochloride 104:129 tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing 104:147 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 0 79 contain containing 93:102 arg1 microspheres 80:91 gelatin microspheres 72:91 gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing 72:147 Covalently antibacterial alginate-chitosan hydrogel dressing integrated gelatin microspheres containing tetracycline hydrochloride for wound healing. 27770893 4 80 theme gelation 726:733 arg1 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 degradation 751:761 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 80 theme gelation 726:733 arg1 time 735:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time 717:738 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 80 theme gelation 726:733 arg1 function 856:863 the function 852:863 the function of microsphere ratios 852:885 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 80 theme gelation 726:733 arg1 modulus 776:782 compressive modulus 764:782 compressive modulus 764:782 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 80 theme gelation 726:733 arg1 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 swelling 741:748 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 27770893 4 80 theme gelation 726:733 arg1 properties 800:809 rheological properties 788:809 rheological properties 788:809 In vitro gelation time, swelling, degradation, compressive modulus and rheological properties of the gel dressing were investigated as the function of microsphere ratios. 25435386 3 0 theme frequency 705:713 arg1 range 715:719 a wide frequency range 698:719 a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz 698:737 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 6 1 theme rates 1459:1463 arg1 range 1442:1446 a wide range 1435:1446 a wide range of loading rates for the first time 1435:1482 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 5 2 theme high 1214:1217 arg1 frequency 1219:1227 the high frequency 1210:1227 the high frequency modulus 1210:1235 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 3 3 theme Hz 726:727 arg1 range 715:719 a wide frequency range 698:719 a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz 698:737 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 6 4 theme hydraulic 1503:1511 arg1 permeability 1513:1524 the hydraulic permeability 1499:1524 the hydraulic permeability 1499:1524 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 1 5 theme post-traumatic 184:197 arg1 OA 199:200 post-traumatic OA 184:200 post-traumatic OA 184:200 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 4 6 theme fluid-solid 919:929 arg1 interactions 931:942 fluid-solid interactions 919:942 fluid-solid interactions 919:942 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 6 7 theme fibril-reinforced 1331:1347 arg1 model 1364:1368 a fibril-reinforced finite element model 1329:1368 a fibril-reinforced finite element model 1329:1368 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 6 8 theme ±6.73×10 1628:1635 arg1 m 1642:1642 /N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N 1594:1647 knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1557:1649 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 3 9 theme glycosaminoglycan 764:780 arg1 role 756:759 the role 752:759 the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage 752:864 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 4 10 theme fluid 1050:1054 arg1 flow 1056:1059 fluid flow 1050:1059 fluid flow 1050:1059 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 4 11 theme poroelastic 882:892 arg1 properties 894:903 poroelastic properties 882:903 poroelastic properties 882:903 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 4 11 theme poroelastic 882:892 arg1 indicators 964:973 more sensitive indicators 949:973 more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible 949:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 3 12 theme AFM-based 595:603 arg1 system 619:624 a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system 574:624 a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz 574:737 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 3 13 theme murine 841:846 arg1 cartilage 856:864 murine femoral cartilage 841:864 murine femoral cartilage 841:864 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 3 14 theme dynamic 639:645 arg1 properties 662:671 the dynamic nanomechanical properties 635:671 the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage 635:691 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 1 15 theme Murine 143:148 arg1 models 150:155 Murine models 143:155 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA 143:200 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 4 16 theme loss 978:981 arg1 properties 894:903 poroelastic properties 882:903 poroelastic properties 882:903 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 4 16 theme loss 978:981 arg1 indicators 964:973 more sensitive indicators 949:973 more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible 949:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 6 17 theme s 1597:1597 arg1 m 1642:1642 /N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N 1594:1647 knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1557:1649 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 5 18 theme impact 1296:1301 arg1 injury 1303:1308 impact injury 1296:1308 impact injury 1296:1308 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 6 19 theme poroelastic 1388:1398 arg1 properties 1400:1409 the poroelastic properties 1384:1409 the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time 1384:1482 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 4 20 from negligible 1064:1073 arg1 properties 1030:1039 equilibrium properties 1018:1039 equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible 1018:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 6 21 dep m 1642:1642 arg1 to 1599:1600 to 1599:1600 to 1599:1600 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 2 22 theme molecular 490:498 arg1 structure 500:508 molecular structure 490:508 molecular structure 490:508 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 3 23 from role 756:759 arg1 modulus 803:809 the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties 791:836 modulus 803:809 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 3 23 from role 756:759 arg1 properties 827:836 the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties 791:836 properties 827:836 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 0 24 theme aggrecan 78:85 arg1 degradation 87:97 early cartilage aggrecan degradation 62:97 early cartilage aggrecan degradation 62:97 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 3 25 theme cartilage 856:864 arg1 modulus 803:809 the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties 791:836 modulus 803:809 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 3 25 theme cartilage 856:864 arg1 properties 827:836 the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties 791:836 properties 827:836 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 5 26 theme relevant 1272:1279 arg1 loading 1264:1270 loading 1264:1270 loading relevant to jumping 1264:1290 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 3 27 theme dynamic 795:801 arg1 modulus 803:809 the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties 791:836 modulus 803:809 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 0 28 theme relevant 99:106 arg1 rheology 25:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 0 28 theme relevant 99:106 arg1 indicator 49:57 a sensitive indicator 37:57 a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis 37:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 6 29 theme m 1642:1642 arg1 s 1649:1649 /N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1594:1649 knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1557:1649 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 2 30 theme small 396:400 arg1 size 402:405 small size 396:405 small size 396:405 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 0 31 theme mouse 111:115 arg1 models 117:122 mouse models 111:122 mouse models of osteoarthritis 111:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 8 32 theme GAG 1946:1948 arg1 depletion 1950:1958 GAG depletion 1946:1958 GAG depletion 1946:1958 In contrast, the equilibrium modulus, which is fluid-flow independent, did not show a statistically significant alteration following GAG depletion. 25435386 6 33 dep m 1590:1590 arg1 s 1649:1649 /N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1594:1649 knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1557:1649 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 0 34 theme High-bandwidth 0:13 arg1 rheology 25:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 0 34 theme High-bandwidth 0:13 arg1 indicator 49:57 a sensitive indicator 37:57 a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis 37:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 5 35 theme fluid 1194:1198 arg1 flow 1200:1203 fluid flow 1194:1203 fluid flow 1194:1203 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 2 36 theme cartilage 431:439 arg1 thickness 411:419 thickness 411:419 thickness 411:419 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 2 36 theme cartilage 431:439 arg1 size 402:405 small size 396:405 small size 396:405 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 8 37 theme significant 1913:1923 arg1 alteration 1925:1934 a statistically significant alteration 1897:1934 a statistically significant alteration following GAG depletion 1897:1958 In contrast, the equilibrium modulus, which is fluid-flow independent, did not show a statistically significant alteration following GAG depletion. 25435386 3 38 theme murine 676:681 arg1 cartilage 683:691 murine cartilage 676:691 murine cartilage 676:691 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 6 39 theme cartilage 1420:1428 arg1 properties 1400:1409 the poroelastic properties 1384:1409 the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time 1384:1482 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 1 40 theme engineered 301:310 arg1 strains 318:324 genetically engineered mouse strains 289:324 genetically engineered mouse strains 289:324 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 4 41 theme function 997:1004 arg1 loss 978:981 loss 978:981 loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible 978:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 4 42 theme equilibrium 1018:1028 arg1 properties 1030:1039 equilibrium properties 1018:1039 equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible 1018:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 5 43 theme resistance 1170:1179 arg1 indicator 1153:1161 an indicator 1150:1161 an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow 1150:1203 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 0 44 theme early 62:66 arg1 degradation 87:97 early cartilage aggrecan degradation 62:97 early cartilage aggrecan degradation 62:97 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 5 45 theme matrix 1184:1189 arg1 resistance 1170:1179 the resistance 1166:1179 the resistance of matrix to fluid flow 1166:1203 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 7 46 theme fluid 1720:1724 arg1 pressurization 1726:1739 fluid pressurization 1720:1739 fluid pressurization 1720:1739 The high-frequency modulus, which is related to fluid pressurization and the fibrillar network, decreased significantly after GAG depletion. 25435386 3 47 theme wide 700:703 arg1 range 715:719 a wide frequency range 698:719 a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz 698:737 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 7 48 dep modulus 1691:1697 arg1 high-frequency 1676:1689 high-frequency 1676:1689 high-frequency 1676:1689 The high-frequency modulus, which is related to fluid pressurization and the fibrillar network, decreased significantly after GAG depletion. 25435386 6 49 theme first 1473:1477 arg1 time 1479:1482 the first time 1469:1482 the first time 1469:1482 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 4 50 theme mechanical 986:995 arg1 function 997:1004 mechanical function 986:1004 mechanical function 986:1004 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 6 51 theme loading 1451:1457 arg1 rates 1459:1463 loading rates 1451:1463 loading rates for the first time 1451:1482 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 5 52 theme frequency 1219:1227 arg1 modulus 1229:1235 the high frequency modulus 1210:1235 the high frequency modulus 1210:1235 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 6 53 theme finite 1349:1354 arg1 model 1364:1368 a fibril-reinforced finite element model 1329:1368 a fibril-reinforced finite element model 1329:1368 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 1 54 theme OA 199:200 arg1 models 150:155 Murine models 143:155 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA 143:200 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 5 55 theme fluid-flow-dependent 1082:1101 arg1 properties 1103:1112 These fluid-flow-dependent properties 1076:1112 These fluid-flow-dependent properties 1076:1112 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 3 56 theme nano-rheology 605:617 arg1 system 619:624 a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system 574:624 a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz 574:737 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 6 57 from m 1590:1590 arg1 factor 1541:1546 a factor ~16 1539:1550 a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s 1539:1649 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 8 58 theme equilibrium 1830:1840 arg1 independent 1871:1881 independent 1871:1881 independent 1871:1881 In contrast, the equilibrium modulus, which is fluid-flow independent, did not show a statistically significant alteration following GAG depletion. 25435386 8 58 theme equilibrium 1830:1840 arg1 modulus 1842:1848 the equilibrium modulus 1826:1848 the equilibrium modulus 1826:1848 In contrast, the equilibrium modulus, which is fluid-flow independent, did not show a statistically significant alteration following GAG depletion. 25435386 3 59 theme developed 585:593 arg1 system 619:624 a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system 574:624 a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz 574:737 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 0 60 theme osteoarthritis 127:140 arg1 models 117:122 mouse models 111:122 mouse models of osteoarthritis 111:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 3 61 theme femoral 848:854 arg1 cartilage 856:864 murine femoral cartilage 841:864 murine femoral cartilage 841:864 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 1 62 dep development 237:247 arg1 the 233:235 the 233:235 the 233:235 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 0 63 theme cartilage 68:76 arg1 degradation 87:97 early cartilage aggrecan degradation 62:97 early cartilage aggrecan degradation 62:97 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 4 64 theme sensitive 954:962 arg1 properties 894:903 poroelastic properties 882:903 poroelastic properties 882:903 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 4 64 theme sensitive 954:962 arg1 indicators 964:973 more sensitive indicators 949:973 more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible 949:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 0 65 theme degradation 87:97 arg1 rheology 25:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 0 65 theme degradation 87:97 arg1 indicator 49:57 a sensitive indicator 37:57 a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis 37:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 1 66 theme surgical 337:344 arg1 interventions 361:373 surgical or biochemical interventions 337:373 surgical or biochemical interventions 337:373 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 1 67 theme osteoarthritis 160:173 arg1 models 150:155 Murine models 143:155 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA 143:200 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 5 68 theme loading 1264:1270 arg1 rates 1255:1259 high rates 1250:1259 high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury 1250:1308 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 3 69 theme poroelastic 815:825 arg1 properties 827:836 the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties 791:836 properties 827:836 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 1 70 theme biochemical 349:359 arg1 interventions 361:373 surgical or biochemical interventions 337:373 surgical or biochemical interventions 337:373 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 5 71 theme hydraulic 1126:1134 arg1 permeability 1136:1147 the hydraulic permeability 1122:1147 the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) 1122:1204 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 2 72 theme cartilage 514:522 arg1 composition 524:534 cartilage composition 514:534 cartilage composition 514:534 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 0 73 theme AFM-based 15:23 arg1 rheology 25:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 0 73 theme AFM-based 15:23 arg1 indicator 49:57 a sensitive indicator 37:57 a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis 37:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 5 74 theme injury 1303:1308 arg1 rates 1255:1259 high rates 1250:1259 high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury 1250:1308 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 6 75 theme wide 1437:1440 arg1 range 1442:1446 a wide range 1435:1446 a wide range of loading rates for the first time 1435:1482 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 1 76 theme diseases 274:281 arg1 progression 253:263 progression 253:263 progression 253:263 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 1 76 theme diseases 274:281 arg1 development 237:247 development 237:247 development 237:247 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 7 77 theme GAG 1798:1800 arg1 depletion 1802:1810 GAG depletion 1798:1810 GAG depletion 1798:1810 The high-frequency modulus, which is related to fluid pressurization and the fibrillar network, decreased significantly after GAG depletion. 25435386 2 78 theme murine 424:429 arg1 cartilage 431:439 murine cartilage 424:439 murine cartilage 424:439 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 0 79 theme sensitive 39:47 arg1 rheology 25:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology 0:32 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 0 79 theme sensitive 39:47 arg1 indicator 49:57 a sensitive indicator 37:57 a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis 37:140 High-bandwidth AFM-based rheology is a sensitive indicator of early cartilage aggrecan degradation relevant to mouse models of osteoarthritis. 25435386 4 80 from properties 1030:1039 arg1 negligible 1064:1073 negligible 1064:1073 negligible 1064:1073 We showed that poroelastic properties, highlighting fluid-solid interactions, are more sensitive indicators of loss of mechanical function compared to equilibrium properties in which fluid flow is negligible. 25435386 2 81 theme mechanical 467:476 arg1 properties 478:487 mechanical properties 467:487 mechanical properties 467:487 However, due to the small size and thickness of murine cartilage, the relationship between mechanical properties, molecular structure and cartilage composition has not been well studied. 25435386 5 82 dep permeability 1136:1147 arg1 indicator 1153:1161 an indicator 1150:1161 an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow 1150:1203 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25435386 3 83 theme nanomechanical 647:660 arg1 properties 662:671 the dynamic nanomechanical properties 635:671 the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage 635:691 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 6 84 theme element 1356:1362 arg1 model 1364:1368 a fibril-reinforced finite element model 1329:1368 a fibril-reinforced finite element model 1329:1368 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 6 85 theme mouse 1414:1418 arg1 cartilage 1420:1428 mouse cartilage 1414:1428 mouse cartilage 1414:1428 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 1 86 theme mouse 312:316 arg1 strains 318:324 genetically engineered mouse strains 289:324 genetically engineered mouse strains 289:324 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 6 87 theme GAG 1657:1659 arg1 depletion 1661:1669 GAG depletion 1657:1669 GAG depletion 1657:1669 Utilizing a fibril-reinforced finite element model, we estimated the poroelastic properties of mouse cartilage over a wide range of loading rates for the first time, and show that the hydraulic permeability increased by a factor ~16 from knormal=7.80×10(-16)±1.3×10(-16) m(4)/N s to kGAG-depleted=1.26×10(-14)±6.73×10(-15) m(4)/N s after GAG depletion. 25435386 7 88 theme fibrillar 1749:1757 arg1 network 1759:1765 the fibrillar network 1745:1765 the fibrillar network 1745:1765 The high-frequency modulus, which is related to fluid pressurization and the fibrillar network, decreased significantly after GAG depletion. 25435386 3 89 theme cartilage 683:691 arg1 properties 662:671 the dynamic nanomechanical properties 635:671 the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage 635:691 We adapted a recently developed AFM-based nano-rheology system to probe the dynamic nanomechanical properties of murine cartilage over a wide frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and studied the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the dynamic modulus and poroelastic properties of murine femoral cartilage. 25435386 1 90 used used 219:222 arg2 models 150:155 Murine models 143:155 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA 143:200 Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) and post-traumatic OA have been widely used to study the development and progression of these diseases using genetically engineered mouse strains along with surgical or biochemical interventions. 25435386 5 91 theme high 1250:1253 arg1 rates 1255:1259 high rates 1250:1259 high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury 1250:1308 These fluid-flow-dependent properties include the hydraulic permeability (an indicator of the resistance of matrix to fluid flow) and the high frequency modulus, obtained at high rates of loading relevant to jumping and impact injury in vivo. 25459864 1 0 theme enzymatic 291:299 arg1 hydrolysis 301:310 enzymatic hydrolysis 291:310 enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 291:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 0 theme enzymatic 291:299 arg1 compositions 228:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 4 1 theme cellulase 643:651 arg1 loading 653:659 cellulase loading 643:659 cellulase loading 643:659 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 4 2 contain had 661:663 arg2 effect 683:688 modestly positive effect 665:688 modestly positive effect 665:688 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 4 2 contain had 661:663 arg1 increase 631:638 The increase 627:638 The increase of cellulase loading 627:659 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 1 3 theme pretreatments 145:157 arg1 ammonia 176:182 aqueous ammonia 168:182 aqueous ammonia (SAA) 168:188 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 3 theme pretreatments 145:157 arg1 acid 201:204 dilute acid 194:204 dilute acid (DA) 194:209 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 3 theme pretreatments 145:157 arg1 methods 159:165 two pretreatments methods 141:165 two pretreatments methods 141:165 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 0 4 theme fractions 69:77 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of aqueous ammonia 0:28 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 0 4 theme fractions 69:77 arg1 pretreatment 46:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 5 5 theme pretreated 1095:1104 arg1 fractions 1106:1114 the SAA pretreated fractions 1087:1114 the SAA pretreated fractions 1087:1114 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 1 6 theme methods 159:165 arg1 effect 131:136 The effect 127:136 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 127:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 2 7 theme DA 469:470 arg1 pretreatment 472:483 DA pretreatment 469:483 DA pretreatment 469:483 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 4 8 theme DA 724:725 arg1 fractions 745:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 4 9 theme pretreated 831:840 arg1 fractions 849:857 the pretreated bamboo fractions 827:857 the pretreated bamboo fractions 827:857 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 3 10 theme High 486:489 arg1 index 505:509 High crystallinity index 486:509 High crystallinity index 486:509 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 0 11 theme Structure 80:88 arg1 properties 90:99 Structure properties 80:99 Structure properties 80:99 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 1 12 theme bamboo 315:320 arg1 timber 348:353 timber 348:353 timber 348:353 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 12 theme bamboo 315:320 arg1 fractions 322:330 bamboo fractions 315:330 bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 315:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 12 theme bamboo 315:320 arg1 yellow 340:345 bamboo yellow 333:345 bamboo yellow 333:345 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 12 theme bamboo 315:320 arg1 green 356:360 green 356:360 green 356:360 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 12 theme bamboo 315:320 arg1 knot 367:370 knot 367:370 knot 367:370 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 3 13 theme crystallinity 491:503 arg1 index 505:509 High crystallinity index 486:509 High crystallinity index 486:509 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 1 14 theme chemical 219:226 arg1 hydrolysis 301:310 enzymatic hydrolysis 291:310 enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 291:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 14 theme chemical 219:226 arg1 compositions 228:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 14 theme chemical 219:226 arg1 crystallinity 252:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 14 theme chemical 219:226 arg1 change 279:284 morphologic change 267:284 morphologic change 267:284 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 0 15 theme enzymatic 105:113 arg1 hydrolysis 115:124 enzymatic hydrolysis 105:124 enzymatic hydrolysis 105:124 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 1 16 theme fractions 322:330 arg1 hydrolysis 301:310 enzymatic hydrolysis 291:310 enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 291:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 16 theme fractions 322:330 arg1 compositions 228:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 16 theme fractions 322:330 arg1 crystallinity 252:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 16 theme fractions 322:330 arg1 change 279:284 morphologic change 267:284 morphologic change 267:284 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 2 17 theme Bamboo 387:392 arg1 fractions 394:402 Bamboo fractions 387:402 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment 387:424 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 2 18 theme SAA 409:411 arg1 pretreatment 413:424 SAA pretreatment 409:424 SAA pretreatment 409:424 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 4 19 theme SAA 716:718 arg1 fractions 745:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 5 20 from effective 948:956 arg1 conversion 982:991 conversion 982:991 conversion of bamboo fractions 982:1011 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 1 21 theme aqueous 168:174 arg1 ammonia 176:182 aqueous ammonia 168:182 aqueous ammonia (SAA) 168:188 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 21 theme aqueous 168:174 arg1 SAA 185:187 SAA 185:187 SAA 185:187 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 21 theme aqueous 168:174 arg1 methods 159:165 two pretreatments methods 141:165 two pretreatments methods 141:165 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 5 22 from conversion 1073:1082 arg1 necessary 1050:1058 necessary 1050:1058 necessary 1050:1058 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 1 23 theme bamboo 333:338 arg1 fractions 322:330 bamboo fractions 315:330 bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 315:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 23 theme bamboo 333:338 arg1 yellow 340:345 bamboo yellow 333:345 bamboo yellow 333:345 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 24 from effect 131:136 arg1 hydrolysis 301:310 enzymatic hydrolysis 291:310 enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 291:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 24 from effect 131:136 arg1 compositions 228:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 24 from effect 131:136 arg1 crystallinity 252:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 24 from effect 131:136 arg1 change 279:284 morphologic change 267:284 morphologic change 267:284 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 5 25 theme effective 1063:1071 arg1 conversion 1073:1082 effective conversion 1063:1082 effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars 1063:1138 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 5 26 theme fractions 1106:1114 arg1 conversion 1073:1082 effective conversion 1063:1082 effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars 1063:1138 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 3 27 theme low 523:525 arg1 yield 538:542 low hydrolysis yield 523:542 low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions 523:624 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 0 28 theme ammonia 22:28 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of aqueous ammonia 0:28 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 0 28 theme ammonia 22:28 arg1 pretreatment 46:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 5 29 theme DA 963:964 arg1 pretreatment 966:977 DA pretreatment 963:977 DA pretreatment 963:977 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 4 30 theme SAA 877:879 arg1 pretreatment 881:892 SAA pretreatment 877:892 SAA pretreatment 877:892 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 5 31 theme bamboo 996:1001 arg1 fractions 1003:1011 bamboo fractions 996:1011 bamboo fractions 996:1011 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 3 32 from yield 538:542 arg1 conversion 551:560 the conversion 547:560 the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions 547:624 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 5 33 theme SAA 922:924 arg1 pretreatment 926:937 SAA pretreatment 922:937 SAA pretreatment 922:937 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 0 34 theme aqueous 14:20 arg1 ammonia 22:28 aqueous ammonia 14:28 aqueous ammonia 14:28 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 1 35 theme cellulose 242:250 arg1 compositions 228:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 35 theme cellulose 242:250 arg1 crystallinity 252:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 cellulose crystallinity 242:264 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 0 36 theme dilute 34:39 arg1 pretreatment 46:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 5 37 theme xylanase 1037:1044 arg1 supplementation 1018:1032 supplementation 1018:1032 supplementation of xylanase 1018:1044 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 4 38 theme bamboo 738:743 arg1 fractions 745:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 5 39 from conversion 982:991 arg1 effective 948:956 effective 948:956 effective 948:956 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 3 40 theme bamboo 580:585 arg1 fractions 587:595 SAA pretreated bamboo fractions 565:595 SAA pretreated bamboo fractions 565:595 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 3 40 theme bamboo 580:585 arg1 DA 602:603 DA 602:603 DA 602:603 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 1 41 theme dilute 194:199 arg1 DA 207:208 DA 207:208 DA 207:208 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 41 theme dilute 194:199 arg1 acid 201:204 dilute acid 194:204 dilute acid (DA) 194:209 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 41 theme dilute 194:199 arg1 methods 159:165 two pretreatments methods 141:165 two pretreatments methods 141:165 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 42 theme morphologic 267:277 arg1 compositions 228:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 the chemical compositions 215:239 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 42 theme morphologic 267:277 arg1 change 279:284 morphologic change 267:284 morphologic change 267:284 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 4 43 theme fractions 849:857 arg1 hydrolysis 813:822 the hydrolysis 809:822 the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions 809:857 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 3 44 theme fractions 587:595 arg1 conversion 551:560 the conversion 547:560 the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions 547:624 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 3 45 theme hydrolysis 527:536 arg1 yield 538:542 low hydrolysis yield 523:542 low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions 523:624 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 2 46 contain had 426:428 arg1 fractions 394:402 Bamboo fractions 387:402 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment 387:424 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 2 46 contain had 426:428 arg2 hydrolysability 437:451 better hydrolysability 430:451 better hydrolysability 430:451 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 0 47 theme acid 41:44 arg1 pretreatment 46:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 dilute acid pretreatment 34:57 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 4 48 theme bamboo 842:847 arg1 fractions 849:857 the pretreated bamboo fractions 827:857 the pretreated bamboo fractions 827:857 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 5 49 theme fractions 1003:1011 arg1 conversion 982:991 conversion 982:991 conversion of bamboo fractions 982:1011 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 4 50 theme xylanase 776:783 arg1 supplement 762:771 supplement 762:771 supplement of xylanase 762:783 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 4 51 theme loading 653:659 arg1 increase 631:638 The increase 627:638 The increase of cellulase loading 627:659 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 1 52 dep fractions 322:330 arg1 timber 348:353 timber 348:353 timber 348:353 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 52 dep fractions 322:330 arg1 fractions 322:330 bamboo fractions 315:330 bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) 315:371 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 52 dep fractions 322:330 arg1 yellow 340:345 bamboo yellow 333:345 bamboo yellow 333:345 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 52 dep fractions 322:330 arg1 green 356:360 green 356:360 green 356:360 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 1 52 dep fractions 322:330 arg1 knot 367:370 knot 367:370 knot 367:370 The effect of two pretreatments methods, aqueous ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid (DA), on the chemical compositions, cellulose crystallinity, morphologic change, and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo fractions (bamboo yellow, timber, green, and knot) was compared. 25459864 4 53 theme pretreated 727:736 arg1 fractions 745:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 711:753 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 3 54 theme SAA 565:567 arg1 fractions 587:595 SAA pretreated bamboo fractions 565:595 SAA pretreated bamboo fractions 565:595 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 3 54 theme SAA 565:567 arg1 DA 602:603 DA 602:603 DA 602:603 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 4 55 theme positive 674:681 arg1 effect 683:688 modestly positive effect 665:688 modestly positive effect 665:688 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 3 56 theme pretreated 569:578 arg1 fractions 587:595 SAA pretreated bamboo fractions 565:595 SAA pretreated bamboo fractions 565:595 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 3 56 theme pretreated 569:578 arg1 DA 602:603 DA 602:603 DA 602:603 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 2 57 with fractions 394:402 arg1 pretreatment 413:424 SAA pretreatment 409:424 SAA pretreatment 409:424 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 5 58 from necessary 1050:1058 arg1 conversion 1073:1082 effective conversion 1063:1082 effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars 1063:1138 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 3 59 dep fractions 587:595 arg1 fractions 616:624 pretreated fractions 605:624 pretreated fractions 605:624 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 0 60 theme bamboo 62:67 arg1 fractions 69:77 bamboo fractions 62:77 bamboo fractions 62:77 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 3 61 theme pretreated 605:614 arg1 fractions 616:624 pretreated fractions 605:624 pretreated fractions 605:624 High crystallinity index resulted in low hydrolysis yield in the conversion of SAA pretreated bamboo fractions, not DA pretreated fractions. 25459864 4 62 theme fractions 745:753 arg1 hydrolysis 697:706 the hydrolysis 693:706 the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions 693:753 The increase of cellulase loading had modestly positive effect in the hydrolysis of both SAA and DA pretreated bamboo fractions, while supplement of xylanase significantly increased the hydrolysis of the pretreated bamboo fractions, especially after SAA pretreatment. 25459864 5 63 theme SAA 1091:1093 arg1 fractions 1106:1114 the SAA pretreated fractions 1087:1114 the SAA pretreated fractions 1087:1114 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 25459864 2 64 theme better 430:435 arg1 hydrolysability 437:451 better hydrolysability 430:451 better hydrolysability 430:451 Bamboo fractions with SAA pretreatment had better hydrolysability than those with DA pretreatment. 25459864 0 65 dep Comparison 0:9 arg1 properties 90:99 Structure properties 80:99 Structure properties 80:99 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 0 65 dep Comparison 0:9 arg1 hydrolysis 115:124 enzymatic hydrolysis 105:124 enzymatic hydrolysis 105:124 Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25459864 5 66 theme fermentable 1121:1131 arg1 sugars 1133:1138 fermentable sugars 1121:1138 fermentable sugars 1121:1138 The results indicated that SAA pretreatment was more effective than DA pretreatment in conversion of bamboo fractions, and supplementation of xylanase was necessary in effective conversion of the SAA pretreated fractions into fermentable sugars. 29030190 2 0 theme nanoparticles 431:443 arg1 presence 408:415 the presence 404:415 the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery 404:474 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 5 1 theme release 835:841 arg1 rate 843:846 the drug release rate 826:846 the drug release rate 826:846 The application of an external magnetic field could significantly enhance the drug release rate. 29030190 0 2 theme graft 70:74 arg1 copolymer 76:84 salecan graft copolymer 62:84 salecan graft copolymer 62:84 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 7 3 theme drug 1015:1018 arg1 delivery 1020:1027 magnetically targeted drug delivery 993:1027 magnetically targeted drug delivery 993:1027 Taken together, these hydrogel drug carriers provide a promising platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery. 29030190 0 4 theme Fe3O4 90:94 arg1 SiO2 96:99 Fe3O4@SiO2 90:99 Fe3O4@SiO2 90:99 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 4 5 dep achieved 639:646 arg1 bound 660:664 bound 660:664 achieved effectively bound to the composite hydrogel 639:690 In addition, DOX not only achieved effectively bound to the composite hydrogel, but also released in a controlled and pH-dependent manner. 29030190 3 6 theme SiO2 500:503 arg1 embedment 481:489 The embedment 477:489 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 477:503 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 5 7 theme field 792:796 arg1 application 756:766 The application 752:766 The application of an external magnetic field 752:796 The application of an external magnetic field could significantly enhance the drug release rate. 29030190 5 8 theme external 774:781 arg1 field 792:796 an external magnetic field 771:796 an external magnetic field 771:796 The application of an external magnetic field could significantly enhance the drug release rate. 29030190 4 9 theme composite 673:681 arg1 hydrogel 683:690 the composite hydrogel 669:690 the composite hydrogel 669:690 In addition, DOX not only achieved effectively bound to the composite hydrogel, but also released in a controlled and pH-dependent manner. 29030190 2 10 theme composite 262:270 arg1 hydrogel 272:279 pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 240:279 pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 240:279 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 1 11 theme novel 143:147 arg1 Salecan 132:138 Salecan 132:138 Salecan 132:138 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 1 11 theme novel 143:147 arg1 β-glucan 177:184 a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan 141:184 a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan 141:184 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 0 12 theme @ 95:95 arg1 SiO2 96:99 Fe3O4@SiO2 90:99 Fe3O4@SiO2 90:99 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 0 13 theme composite 34:42 arg1 hydrogel 44:51 a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 10:51 a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 10:99 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 2 14 theme magnetic 253:260 arg1 hydrogel 272:279 pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 240:279 pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 240:279 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 15 theme hydroxymethyl 355:367 arg1 HMAA 382:385 HMAA 382:385 HMAA 382:385 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 15 theme hydroxymethyl 355:367 arg1 acrylamide 370:379 N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide 352:379 N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) 352:386 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 16 theme SiO2 426:429 arg1 nanoparticles 431:443 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles 420:443 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery 420:474 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 3 17 with endowed 568:574 arg1 property 603:610 magnetic property 594:610 magnetic property 594:610 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 0 18 theme salecan 62:68 arg1 copolymer 76:84 salecan graft copolymer 62:84 salecan graft copolymer 62:84 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 2 19 theme graft 303:307 arg1 copolymerization 309:324 the graft copolymerization 299:324 the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan 299:399 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 1 20 theme extracellular 163:175 arg1 Salecan 132:138 Salecan 132:138 Salecan 132:138 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 1 20 theme extracellular 163:175 arg1 β-glucan 177:184 a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan 141:184 a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan 141:184 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 0 21 theme hydrogel 44:51 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 0:99 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 2 22 theme N- 352:353 arg1 HMAA 382:385 HMAA 382:385 HMAA 382:385 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 22 theme N- 352:353 arg1 acrylamide 370:379 N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide 352:379 N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) 352:386 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 0 23 theme pH-sensitive 12:23 arg1 hydrogel 44:51 a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 10:51 a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 10:99 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 3 24 theme Fe3O4 494:498 arg1 SiO2 500:503 Fe3O4@SiO2 494:503 Fe3O4@SiO2 494:503 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 3 25 theme @ 499:499 arg1 SiO2 500:503 Fe3O4@SiO2 494:503 Fe3O4@SiO2 494:503 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 2 26 theme @ 425:425 arg1 nanoparticles 431:443 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles 420:443 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery 420:474 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 7 27 theme targeted 1006:1013 arg1 delivery 1020:1027 magnetically targeted drug delivery 993:1027 magnetically targeted drug delivery 993:1027 Taken together, these hydrogel drug carriers provide a promising platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery. 29030190 3 28 theme magnetic 594:601 arg1 property 603:610 magnetic property 594:610 magnetic property 594:610 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 3 29 dep network 560:566 arg1 endowed 568:574 endowed 568:574 endowed 568:574 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 2 30 theme Fe3O4 420:424 arg1 nanoparticles 431:443 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles 420:443 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery 420:474 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 0 31 theme magnetic 25:32 arg1 hydrogel 44:51 a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 10:51 a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 10:99 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 3 32 theme CA-co-HMAA 539:548 arg1 network 560:566 salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network 524:566 salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property 524:610 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 2 33 theme acrylamide 370:379 arg1 copolymerization 309:324 the graft copolymerization 299:324 the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan 299:399 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 34 theme acid 338:341 arg1 copolymerization 309:324 the graft copolymerization 299:324 the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan 299:399 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 0 35 theme drug 118:121 arg1 carrier 123:129 drug carrier 118:129 drug carrier 118:129 Design of a pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel based on salecan graft copolymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as drug carrier. 29030190 6 36 theme released 871:878 arg1 DOX 880:882 the released DOX 867:882 the released DOX 867:882 More importantly, the released DOX preserved its bioavailability. 29030190 3 37 theme salecan-g-poly 524:537 arg1 network 560:566 salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network 524:566 salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property 524:610 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 7 38 theme drug 946:949 arg1 carriers 951:958 these hydrogel drug carriers 931:958 these hydrogel drug carriers 931:958 Taken together, these hydrogel drug carriers provide a promising platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery. 29030190 2 39 theme crotonic 329:336 arg1 CA 344:345 CA 344:345 CA 344:345 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 39 theme crotonic 329:336 arg1 acid 338:341 crotonic acid 329:341 crotonic acid (CA) 329:346 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 7 40 theme promising 970:978 arg1 platform 980:987 a promising platform 968:987 a promising platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery 968:1027 Taken together, these hydrogel drug carriers provide a promising platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery. 29030190 4 41 theme controlled 716:725 arg1 manner 744:749 a controlled and pH-dependent manner 714:749 a controlled and pH-dependent manner 714:749 In addition, DOX not only achieved effectively bound to the composite hydrogel, but also released in a controlled and pH-dependent manner. 29030190 2 42 theme pH-sensitive 240:251 arg1 hydrogel 272:279 pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 240:279 pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel 240:279 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 2 43 theme doxorubicin 449:459 arg1 delivery 467:474 doxorubicin (DOX) delivery 449:474 doxorubicin (DOX) delivery 449:474 Here, pH-sensitive magnetic composite hydrogel was fabricated by the graft copolymerization of crotonic acid (CA) and N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (HMAA) onto salecan in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. 29030190 5 44 theme magnetic 783:790 arg1 field 792:796 an external magnetic field 771:796 an external magnetic field 771:796 The application of an external magnetic field could significantly enhance the drug release rate. 29030190 4 45 theme pH-dependent 731:742 arg1 manner 744:749 a controlled and pH-dependent manner 714:749 a controlled and pH-dependent manner 714:749 In addition, DOX not only achieved effectively bound to the composite hydrogel, but also released in a controlled and pH-dependent manner. 29030190 7 46 theme hydrogel 937:944 arg1 carriers 951:958 these hydrogel drug carriers 931:958 these hydrogel drug carriers 931:958 Taken together, these hydrogel drug carriers provide a promising platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery. 29030190 1 47 theme water-soluble 149:161 arg1 Salecan 132:138 Salecan 132:138 Salecan 132:138 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 1 47 theme water-soluble 149:161 arg1 β-glucan 177:184 a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan 141:184 a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan 141:184 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 1 48 theme hydrogel 212:219 arg1 preparation 221:231 the hydrogel preparation 208:231 the hydrogel preparation 208:231 Salecan, a novel water-soluble extracellular β-glucan, is very suitable for the hydrogel preparation. 29030190 3 49 theme hydrogel 551:558 arg1 network 560:566 salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network 524:566 salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property 524:610 The embedment of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles into salecan-g-poly(CA-co-HMAA) hydrogel network endowed the material with magnetic property. 29030190 5 50 theme drug 830:833 arg1 rate 843:846 the drug release rate 826:846 the drug release rate 826:846 The application of an external magnetic field could significantly enhance the drug release rate. 25095407 12 0 theme controlled 1917:1926 arg1 formulation 1936:1946 protective controlled release formulation 1906:1946 protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1906:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 8 1 theme Bla 1115:1117 arg1 structure 1091:1099 The lactones structure 1078:1099 The lactones structure of Avermectin Bla 1078:1117 The lactones structure of Avermectin Bla can be photodecomposed and disrupted. 25095407 7 2 theme physical 1060:1067 arg1 mixture 1069:1075 physical mixture 1060:1075 physical mixture 1060:1075 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 4 3 theme chemical 762:769 arg1 structure 771:779 Abamectin's chemical structure 750:779 Abamectin's chemical structure 750:779 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 10 4 theme inclusion 1355:1363 arg1 loci 1375:1378 the inclusion molecular loci 1351:1378 the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin 1351:1399 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 1 5 theme cavity 260:265 arg1 property 218:225 the accommodation property 200:225 the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity 200:265 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 10 6 theme avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 1424:1451 arg1 complex 1463:1469 avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1424:1469 avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1424:1469 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 8 7 theme Avermectin 1104:1113 arg1 Bla 1115:1117 Avermectin Bla 1104:1117 Avermectin Bla 1104:1117 The lactones structure of Avermectin Bla can be photodecomposed and disrupted. 25095407 12 8 theme formulation 1936:1946 arg1 construction 1890:1901 the construction 1886:1901 the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1886:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 2 9 theme liquid 389:394 arg1 chromatography 396:409 high performance liquid chromatography 372:409 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 372:416 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 2 9 theme liquid 389:394 arg1 HPLC 412:415 HPLC 412:415 HPLC 412:415 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 7 10 theme hydrogen 927:934 arg1 bond 936:939 the intermolecular hydrogen bond 908:939 the intermolecular hydrogen bond 908:939 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 10 11 theme good 1484:1487 arg1 protection 1501:1510 a good photophobic protection 1482:1510 a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1482:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 12 12 theme avermectin 1951:1960 arg1 formulation 1936:1946 protective controlled release formulation 1906:1946 protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1906:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 0 13 from [Study 0:5 arg1 compound 24:31 the inclusion compound 10:31 the inclusion compound of avermectin 10:45 [Study on the inclusion compound of avermectin by infrared spectroscopy]. 25095407 10 14 theme avermectin 1572:1581 arg1 Bla 1583:1585 avermectin Bla 1572:1585 avermectin Bla 1572:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 10 15 theme C-O-C 1516:1520 arg1 structure 1522:1530 C-O-C structure 1516:1530 C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1516:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 11 16 theme complex 1773:1779 arg1 structure 1689:1697 the structure 1685:1697 the structure 1685:1697 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 11 16 theme complex 1773:1779 arg1 characters 1707:1716 the characters 1703:1716 the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1703:1779 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 10 17 theme lactones 1299:1306 arg1 structure 1308:1316 The lactones structure 1295:1316 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla 1295:1334 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 1 18 dep formation 117:125 arg1 the 113:115 the 113:115 the 113:115 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 7 19 theme composition 1022:1032 arg1 effect 1034:1039 the composition effect 1018:1039 the composition effect 1018:1039 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 7 19 theme composition 1022:1032 arg1 different 1045:1053 different 1045:1053 different 1045:1053 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 2 20 theme Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin 293:321 arg1 complex 282:288 The inclusion complex 268:288 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin 268:321 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 12 21 theme inclusion 1824:1832 arg1 intermediate 1870:1881 the ideal intermediate 1860:1881 the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1860:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 12 21 theme inclusion 1824:1832 arg1 complex 1834:1840 This inclusion complex 1819:1840 This inclusion complex 1819:1840 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 4 22 theme Abamectin 649:657 arg1 photocatalysis 631:644 photocatalysis 631:644 photocatalysis of Abamectin 631:657 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 10 23 theme Bla 1583:1585 arg1 structure 1559:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure 1535:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1535:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 7 24 theme intermolecular 912:925 arg1 bond 936:939 the intermolecular hydrogen bond 908:939 the intermolecular hydrogen bond 908:939 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 1 25 theme complex 151:157 arg1 effect 131:136 effect 131:136 effect 131:136 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 1 25 theme complex 151:157 arg1 formation 117:125 formation 117:125 formation 117:125 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 11 26 theme study 1671:1675 arg1 innovation 1652:1661 The innovation 1648:1661 The innovation of this study 1648:1675 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 10 27 theme complex 1463:1469 arg1 formation 1411:1419 the formation 1407:1419 the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1407:1469 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 8 28 theme lactones 1082:1089 arg1 structure 1091:1099 The lactones structure 1078:1099 The lactones structure of Avermectin Bla 1078:1117 The lactones structure of Avermectin Bla can be photodecomposed and disrupted. 25095407 10 29 theme lactone 1551:1557 arg1 structure 1559:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure 1535:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1535:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 2 30 theme solution 352:359 arg1 method 361:366 saturated solution method 342:366 saturated solution method 342:366 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 12 31 theme ideal 1864:1868 arg1 intermediate 1870:1881 the ideal intermediate 1860:1881 the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1860:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 12 31 theme ideal 1864:1868 arg1 complex 1834:1840 This inclusion complex 1819:1840 This inclusion complex 1819:1840 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 1 32 theme Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 162:189 arg1 complex 151:157 inclusion complex 141:157 inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 141:189 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 4 33 theme structure 609:617 arg1 change 590:595 The change 586:595 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin 586:657 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 10 34 theme macrocyclic 1539:1549 arg1 structure 1559:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure 1535:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1535:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 2 35 theme saturated 342:350 arg1 method 361:366 saturated solution method 342:366 saturated solution method 342:366 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 7 36 theme IR 882:883 arg1 analysis 885:892 The IR analysis 878:892 The IR analysis 878:892 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 4 37 theme photolysis 726:735 arg1 stability 737:745 the photolysis stability 722:745 the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure 722:779 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 0 38 theme inclusion 14:22 arg1 compound 24:31 the inclusion compound 10:31 the inclusion compound of avermectin 10:45 [Study on the inclusion compound of avermectin by infrared spectroscopy]. 25095407 4 39 theme chemical 600:607 arg1 structure 609:617 chemical structure 600:617 chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin 600:657 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 12 40 theme protective 1906:1915 arg1 formulation 1936:1946 protective controlled release formulation 1906:1946 protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1906:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 9 41 theme stretching 1191:1200 arg1 peak 1212:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak 1178:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure 1178:1234 After decomposition, the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure disappeared and the lactone bond was significantly broken. 25095407 3 42 theme complex 526:532 arg1 formation 474:482 The formation 470:482 The formation of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 470:532 The formation of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was also demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy(IR). 25095407 10 43 theme photophobic 1489:1499 arg1 protection 1501:1510 a good photophobic protection 1482:1510 a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1482:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 10 44 theme molecule 1638:1645 arg1 photostability 1605:1618 the photostability 1601:1618 the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule 1601:1645 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 1 45 theme inclusion 141:149 arg1 complex 151:157 inclusion complex 141:157 inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 141:189 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 9 46 theme vibration 1202:1210 arg1 peak 1212:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak 1178:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure 1178:1234 After decomposition, the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure disappeared and the lactone bond was significantly broken. 25095407 2 47 theme entraping 448:456 arg1 efficiency 458:467 its entraping efficiency 444:467 its entraping efficiency 444:467 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 11 48 theme spectrum 1801:1808 arg1 methods 1810:1816 spectrum methods 1801:1816 spectrum methods 1801:1816 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 3 49 theme infrared 559:566 arg1 IR 581:582 IR 581:582 IR 581:582 The formation of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was also demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy(IR). 25095407 3 49 theme infrared 559:566 arg1 spectroscopy 568:579 infrared spectroscopy 559:579 infrared spectroscopy(IR) 559:583 The formation of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was also demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy(IR). 25095407 10 50 theme Bla 1634:1636 arg1 molecule 1638:1645 avermectin Bla molecule 1623:1645 avermectin Bla molecule 1623:1645 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 1 51 theme accommodation 204:216 arg1 property 218:225 the accommodation property 200:225 the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity 200:265 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25095407 10 52 theme avermectin 1321:1330 arg1 Bla 1332:1334 avermectin Bla 1321:1334 avermectin Bla 1321:1334 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 3 53 theme Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 487:514 arg1 complex 526:532 Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 487:532 Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 487:532 The formation of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was also demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy(IR). 25095407 5 54 theme inclusion 848:856 arg1 complex 858:864 the inclusion complex 844:864 the inclusion complex 844:864 The results show that the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex was 40. 25095407 10 55 theme avermectin 1623:1632 arg1 molecule 1638:1645 avermectin Bla molecule 1623:1645 avermectin Bla molecule 1623:1645 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 4 56 theme structure 771:779 arg1 stability 737:745 the photolysis stability 722:745 the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure 722:779 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 10 57 from loci 1375:1378 arg1 beta-cyclodextrin 1383:1399 beta-cyclodextrin 1383:1399 beta-cyclodextrin 1383:1399 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 11 58 theme prepared 1725:1732 arg1 complex 1773:1779 the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1721:1779 the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1721:1779 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 3 59 theme inclusion 516:524 arg1 complex 526:532 Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 487:532 Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 487:532 The formation of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was also demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy(IR). 25095407 5 60 theme complex 858:864 arg1 efficiency 830:839 the entraping efficiency 816:839 the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex 816:864 The results show that the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex was 40. 25095407 5 60 theme complex 858:864 arg1 40 870:871 40 870:871 40 870:871 The results show that the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex was 40. 25095407 5 61 theme entraping 820:828 arg1 efficiency 830:839 the entraping efficiency 816:839 the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex 816:864 The results show that the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex was 40. 25095407 5 61 theme entraping 820:828 arg1 40 870:871 40 870:871 40 870:871 The results show that the entraping efficiency of the inclusion complex was 40. 25095407 12 62 from intermediate 1870:1881 arg1 construction 1890:1901 the construction 1886:1901 the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1886:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 9 63 theme C-O-C 1220:1224 arg1 structure 1226:1234 C-O-C structure 1220:1234 C-O-C structure 1220:1234 After decomposition, the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure disappeared and the lactone bond was significantly broken. 25095407 2 64 theme performance 377:387 arg1 chromatography 396:409 high performance liquid chromatography 372:409 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 372:416 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 2 64 theme performance 377:387 arg1 HPLC 412:415 HPLC 412:415 HPLC 412:415 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 0 65 theme avermectin 36:45 arg1 compound 24:31 the inclusion compound 10:31 the inclusion compound of avermectin 10:45 [Study on the inclusion compound of avermectin by infrared spectroscopy]. 25095407 9 66 theme structure 1226:1234 arg1 peak 1212:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak 1178:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure 1178:1234 After decomposition, the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure disappeared and the lactone bond was significantly broken. 25095407 2 67 theme high 372:375 arg1 chromatography 396:409 high performance liquid chromatography 372:409 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 372:416 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 2 67 theme high 372:375 arg1 HPLC 412:415 HPLC 412:415 HPLC 412:415 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 7 68 theme Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 959:986 arg1 complex 998:1004 the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 955:1004 the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 955:1004 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 2 69 theme inclusion 272:280 arg1 complex 282:288 The inclusion complex 268:288 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin 268:321 The inclusion complex of Averrnectin-beta-cyclodextrin was prepared using saturated solution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine its entraping efficiency. 25095407 9 70 theme infrared 1182:1189 arg1 peak 1212:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak 1178:1215 the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure 1178:1234 After decomposition, the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure disappeared and the lactone bond was significantly broken. 25095407 7 71 theme inclusion 988:996 arg1 complex 998:1004 the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 955:1004 the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 955:1004 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 10 72 theme inclusion 1453:1461 arg1 complex 1463:1469 avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1424:1469 avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1424:1469 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 10 73 from structure 1522:1530 arg1 structure 1559:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure 1535:1567 the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla 1535:1585 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 10 74 theme Bla 1332:1334 arg1 structure 1308:1316 The lactones structure 1295:1316 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla 1295:1334 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 4 75 theme complex 700:706 arg1 effect 680:685 the effect 676:685 the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure 676:779 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 12 76 theme release 1928:1934 arg1 formulation 1936:1946 protective controlled release formulation 1906:1946 protective controlled release formulation of avermectin 1906:1960 This inclusion complex is expected to be the ideal intermediate in the construction of protective controlled release formulation of avermectin. 25095407 4 77 theme inclusion 690:698 arg1 complex 700:706 inclusion complex 690:706 inclusion complex 690:706 The change of chemical structure produced by photocatalysis of Abamectin was analyzed and the effect of inclusion complex to strengthen the photolysis stability of Abamectin's chemical structure was studied. 25095407 7 78 from mixture 1069:1075 arg1 effect 1034:1039 the composition effect 1018:1039 the composition effect 1018:1039 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 7 78 from mixture 1069:1075 arg1 different 1045:1053 different 1045:1053 different 1045:1053 The IR analysis presents that the intermolecular hydrogen bond was formed in the Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, indicating the composition effect was different from physical mixture. 25095407 0 79 theme infrared 50:57 arg1 spectroscopy 59:70 infrared spectroscopy 50:70 infrared spectroscopy 50:70 [Study on the inclusion compound of avermectin by infrared spectroscopy]. 25095407 11 80 theme avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin 1734:1761 arg1 complex 1773:1779 the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1721:1779 the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1721:1779 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 9 81 theme lactone 1256:1262 arg1 bond 1264:1267 the lactone bond 1252:1267 the lactone bond 1252:1267 After decomposition, the infrared stretching vibration peak of C-O-C structure disappeared and the lactone bond was significantly broken. 25095407 11 82 theme inclusion 1763:1771 arg1 complex 1773:1779 the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1721:1779 the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 1721:1779 The innovation of this study is that the structure and the characters of the prepared avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were analyzed using spectrum methods. 25095407 10 83 theme molecular 1365:1373 arg1 loci 1375:1378 the inclusion molecular loci 1351:1378 the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin 1351:1399 The lactones structure of avermectin Bla was covered by the inclusion molecular loci in beta-cyclodextrin after the formation of avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, providing a good photophobic protection for C-O-C structure in the macrocyclic lactone structure of avermectin Bla and improving the photostability of avermectin Bla molecule. 25095407 1 84 theme molecular 250:258 arg1 cavity 260:265 beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity 230:265 beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity 230:265 This study was designed to investigate the formation and effect of inclusion complex of Avermectin-beta-cyclodextrin based on the accommodation property of beta-cyclodextrin's molecular cavity. 25843147 8 0 with present 923:929 arg1 oysters 937:943 oysters 937:943 oysters incorporating bacterial polysaccharides into their adhesive 937:1003 Symbiosis in material synthesis could also be present, with oysters incorporating bacterial polysaccharides into their adhesive. 25843147 1 1 theme life 160:163 arg1 difficulties 144:155 difficulties 144:155 difficulties of life 144:163 Oysters have an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone. 25843147 9 2 theme important 1113:1121 arg1 adhesion 1081:1088 adhesion 1081:1088 adhesion 1081:1088 Oyster glue shows that an organic-inorganic composite material can provide adhesion, a property especially important when constructing a marine ecosystem. 25843147 9 2 theme important 1113:1121 arg1 property 1093:1100 a property 1091:1100 a property especially important 1091:1121 Oyster glue shows that an organic-inorganic composite material can provide adhesion, a property especially important when constructing a marine ecosystem. 25843147 0 3 theme building 79:86 arg1 oysters 88:94 reef building oysters 74:94 reef building oysters 74:94 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 25843147 5 4 theme material 606:613 arg1 nature 591:596 the nature 587:596 the nature of this material 587:613 Here several characterization methods were applied to describe the nature of this material. 25843147 8 5 theme material 890:897 arg1 synthesis 899:907 material synthesis 890:907 material synthesis 890:907 Symbiosis in material synthesis could also be present, with oysters incorporating bacterial polysaccharides into their adhesive. 25843147 2 6 theme reef 291:294 arg1 communities 296:306 protective reef communities 280:306 protective reef communities 280:306 These shellfish produce an adhesive for attaching to each other and building protective reef communities. 25843147 6 7 theme inorganic 737:745 arg1 matrix 747:752 an inorganic matrix 734:752 an inorganic matrix 734:752 Microscopy studies indicated that the glue is comprised of organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix. 25843147 9 8 theme Oyster 1006:1011 arg1 glue 1013:1016 Oyster glue 1006:1016 Oyster glue 1006:1016 Oyster glue shows that an organic-inorganic composite material can provide adhesion, a property especially important when constructing a marine ecosystem. 25843147 2 9 theme protective 280:289 arg1 communities 296:306 protective reef communities 280:306 protective reef communities 280:306 These shellfish produce an adhesive for attaching to each other and building protective reef communities. 25843147 1 10 theme intertidal 186:195 arg1 zone 197:200 the stressful intertidal zone 172:200 the stressful intertidal zone 172:200 Oysters have an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone. 25843147 3 11 theme ecosystems 432:441 arg1 health 407:412 the health 403:412 the health of coastal marine ecosystems 403:441 With their reefs often exceeding kilometers in length, oysters play a major role in balancing the health of coastal marine ecosystems. 25843147 4 12 theme adhesive 489:496 arg1 composition 498:508 oyster adhesive composition 482:508 oyster adhesive composition 482:508 Few details are available to describe oyster adhesive composition or structure. 25843147 6 13 theme Microscopy 616:625 arg1 studies 627:633 Microscopy studies 616:633 Microscopy studies 616:633 Microscopy studies indicated that the glue is comprised of organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix. 25843147 9 14 theme organic-inorganic 1032:1048 arg1 material 1060:1067 an organic-inorganic composite material 1029:1067 an organic-inorganic composite material 1029:1067 Oyster glue shows that an organic-inorganic composite material can provide adhesion, a property especially important when constructing a marine ecosystem. 25843147 1 15 theme stressful 176:184 arg1 zone 197:200 the stressful intertidal zone 172:200 the stressful intertidal zone 172:200 Oysters have an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone. 25843147 4 16 theme oyster 482:487 arg1 composition 498:508 oyster adhesive composition 482:508 oyster adhesive composition 482:508 Few details are available to describe oyster adhesive composition or structure. 25843147 3 17 theme coastal 417:423 arg1 ecosystems 432:441 coastal marine ecosystems 417:441 coastal marine ecosystems 417:441 With their reefs often exceeding kilometers in length, oysters play a major role in balancing the health of coastal marine ecosystems. 25843147 0 18 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 29:44 Structural and compositional characterization 0:44 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 0:95 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 25843147 3 19 theme marine 425:430 arg1 ecosystems 432:441 coastal marine ecosystems 417:441 coastal marine ecosystems 417:441 With their reefs often exceeding kilometers in length, oysters play a major role in balancing the health of coastal marine ecosystems. 25843147 6 20 theme sheet-like 698:707 arg1 structures 709:718 organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures 675:718 organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix 675:752 Microscopy studies indicated that the glue is comprised of organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix. 25843147 3 21 theme major 379:383 arg1 role 385:388 a major role 377:388 a major role 377:388 With their reefs often exceeding kilometers in length, oysters play a major role in balancing the health of coastal marine ecosystems. 25843147 8 22 from Symbiosis 877:885 arg1 synthesis 899:907 material synthesis 890:907 material synthesis 890:907 Symbiosis in material synthesis could also be present, with oysters incorporating bacterial polysaccharides into their adhesive. 25843147 9 23 theme composite 1050:1058 arg1 material 1060:1067 an organic-inorganic composite material 1029:1067 an organic-inorganic composite material 1029:1067 Oyster glue shows that an organic-inorganic composite material can provide adhesion, a property especially important when constructing a marine ecosystem. 25843147 9 24 theme marine 1143:1148 arg1 ecosystem 1150:1158 a marine ecosystem 1141:1158 a marine ecosystem 1141:1158 Oyster glue shows that an organic-inorganic composite material can provide adhesion, a property especially important when constructing a marine ecosystem. 25843147 4 25 theme Few 444:446 arg1 details 448:454 Few details 444:454 Few details 444:454 Few details are available to describe oyster adhesive composition or structure. 25843147 6 26 theme fiber-like 683:692 arg1 structures 709:718 organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures 675:718 organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix 675:752 Microscopy studies indicated that the glue is comprised of organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix. 25843147 1 27 contain have 105:108 arg1 Oysters 97:103 Oysters 97:103 Oysters 97:103 Oysters have an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone. 25843147 1 27 contain have 105:108 arg2 ability 124:130 an impressive ability 110:130 an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone 110:200 Oysters have an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone. 25843147 8 28 theme bacterial 959:967 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 bacterial polysaccharides 959:983 bacterial polysaccharides 959:983 Symbiosis in material synthesis could also be present, with oysters incorporating bacterial polysaccharides into their adhesive. 25843147 1 29 theme impressive 113:122 arg1 ability 124:130 an impressive ability 110:130 an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone 110:200 Oysters have an impressive ability to overcome difficulties of life within the stressful intertidal zone. 25843147 0 30 theme adhesive 53:60 arg1 characterization 29:44 Structural and compositional characterization 0:44 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 0:95 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 25843147 7 31 theme conjugated 799:808 arg1 organics 810:817 conjugated organics 799:817 conjugated organics 799:817 Phospholipids, cross-linking chemistry, and conjugated organics were found to differentiate this adhesive from the shell. 25843147 6 32 theme organic 675:681 arg1 structures 709:718 organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures 675:718 organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix 675:752 Microscopy studies indicated that the glue is comprised of organic fiber-like and sheet-like structures surrounded by an inorganic matrix. 25843147 3 33 from kilometers 342:351 arg1 length 356:361 length 356:361 length 356:361 With their reefs often exceeding kilometers in length, oysters play a major role in balancing the health of coastal marine ecosystems. 25843147 0 34 theme reef 74:77 arg1 oysters 88:94 reef building oysters 74:94 reef building oysters 74:94 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 25843147 5 35 theme several 529:535 arg1 methods 554:560 several characterization methods 529:560 several characterization methods 529:560 Here several characterization methods were applied to describe the nature of this material. 25843147 7 36 theme cross-linking 770:782 arg1 chemistry 784:792 cross-linking chemistry 770:792 cross-linking chemistry 770:792 Phospholipids, cross-linking chemistry, and conjugated organics were found to differentiate this adhesive from the shell. 25843147 0 37 theme compositional 15:27 arg1 characterization 29:44 Structural and compositional characterization 0:44 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 0:95 Structural and compositional characterization of the adhesive produced by reef building oysters. 25843147 5 38 theme characterization 537:552 arg1 methods 554:560 several characterization methods 529:560 several characterization methods 529:560 Here several characterization methods were applied to describe the nature of this material. 28818725 5 0 theme similar 633:639 arg1 conditions 641:650 similar conditions 633:650 similar conditions 633:650 This agreed well with the experimental result of 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin, under similar conditions. 28818725 2 1 from wastes 329:334 arg1 temperature 264:274 The optimum temperature 252:274 The optimum temperature 252:274 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 2 1 from wastes 329:334 arg1 90°C 371:374 90°C 371:374 90°C 371:374 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 2 1 from wastes 329:334 arg1 time 280:283 time 280:283 time 280:283 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 4 2 theme significant 504:514 arg1 effect 525:530 a significant (p<0.05) effect 502:530 a significant (p<0.05) effect on the pectin yield 502:550 Extraction time and temperature showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the pectin yield. 28818725 5 3 theme experimental 579:590 arg1 result 592:597 the experimental result 575:597 the experimental result of 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin 575:624 This agreed well with the experimental result of 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin, under similar conditions. 28818725 7 4 theme promising 835:843 arg1 applications 845:856 promising applications 835:856 promising applications in low sugar products 835:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 0 5 from jackfruit 57:65 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 0 5 from jackfruit 57:65 arg1 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 7 6 theme methoxyl 814:821 arg1 Pectin 751:756 Pectin 751:756 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes 751:787 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 7 6 theme methoxyl 814:821 arg1 pectin 823:828 low methoxyl pectin 810:828 low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products 810:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 7 7 theme low 810:812 arg1 Pectin 751:756 Pectin 751:756 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes 751:787 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 7 7 theme low 810:812 arg1 pectin 823:828 low methoxyl pectin 810:828 low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products 810:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 0 8 theme surface 110:116 arg1 methodology 118:128 response surface methodology 101:128 response surface methodology 101:128 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 4 9 theme Extraction 463:472 arg1 time 474:477 Extraction time 463:477 Extraction time 463:477 Extraction time and temperature showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the pectin yield. 28818725 5 10 theme 39.05±0.59g/g 602:614 arg1 result 592:597 the experimental result 575:597 the experimental result of 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin 575:624 This agreed well with the experimental result of 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin, under similar conditions. 28818725 7 11 from applications 845:856 arg1 products 871:878 low sugar products 861:878 low sugar products 861:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 3 12 theme optimum 432:438 arg1 conditions 440:449 these optimum conditions 426:449 these optimum conditions 426:449 The yield of pectin under these optimum conditions was 38.42%. 28818725 0 13 theme response 101:108 arg1 methodology 118:128 response surface methodology 101:128 response surface methodology 101:128 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 5 14 theme pectin 619:624 arg1 39.05±0.59g/g 602:614 39.05±0.59g/g 602:614 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin 602:624 This agreed well with the experimental result of 39.05±0.59g/g of pectin, under similar conditions. 28818725 6 15 theme pectin 743:748 arg1 yield 730:734 a yield 728:734 a yield of 38% pectin 728:748 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 6 16 from studies 666:672 arg1 scale 685:689 a large scale 677:689 a large scale 677:689 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 6 17 theme large 679:683 arg1 scale 685:689 a large scale 677:689 a large scale 677:689 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 0 18 theme Optimized 0:8 arg1 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 4 19 theme pectin 539:544 arg1 yield 546:550 the pectin yield 535:550 the pectin yield 535:550 Extraction time and temperature showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the pectin yield. 28818725 6 20 theme % 741:741 arg1 pectin 743:748 38% pectin 739:748 38% pectin 739:748 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 2 21 theme Jackfruit 319:327 arg1 wastes 329:334 Jackfruit wastes 319:334 Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid 319:352 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 7 22 theme Jackfruit 772:780 arg1 wastes 782:787 Jackfruit wastes 772:787 Jackfruit wastes 772:787 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 6 23 theme 38 739:740 arg1 % 741:741 % 741:741 % 741:741 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 7 24 attach isolated 758:765 arg2 pectin 823:828 low methoxyl pectin 810:828 low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products 810:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 7 24 attach isolated 758:765 arg1 wastes 782:787 Jackfruit wastes 772:787 Jackfruit wastes 772:787 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 7 24 attach isolated 758:765 arg2 Pectin 751:756 Pectin 751:756 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes 751:787 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 2 25 theme pectin 307:312 arg1 extraction 293:302 the extraction 289:302 the extraction of pectin 289:312 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 0 26 theme pectin 45:50 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 0 26 theme pectin 45:50 arg1 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 6 27 theme Experimental 653:664 arg1 studies 666:672 Experimental studies 653:672 Experimental studies 653:672 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 3 28 theme pectin 413:418 arg1 yield 404:408 The yield 400:408 The yield of pectin under these optimum conditions 400:449 The yield of pectin under these optimum conditions was 38.42%. 28818725 3 28 theme pectin 413:418 arg1 % 460:460 38.42% 455:460 38.42% 455:460 The yield of pectin under these optimum conditions was 38.42%. 28818725 4 29 from effect 525:530 arg1 yield 546:550 the pectin yield 535:550 the pectin yield 535:550 Extraction time and temperature showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the pectin yield. 28818725 1 30 theme Central 226:232 arg1 Design 244:249 Central Composite Design 226:249 Central Composite Design 226:249 The present study was initiated to experimentally optimize the conditions for extraction using Central Composite Design. 28818725 4 31 dep significant 504:514 arg1 p<0.05 517:522 p<0.05 517:522 p<0.05 517:522 Extraction time and temperature showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the pectin yield. 28818725 2 32 theme oxalic 342:347 arg1 acid 349:352 oxalic acid 342:352 oxalic acid 342:352 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 1 33 theme Composite 234:242 arg1 Design 244:249 Central Composite Design 226:249 Central Composite Design 226:249 The present study was initiated to experimentally optimize the conditions for extraction using Central Composite Design. 28818725 1 34 theme present 135:141 arg1 study 143:147 The present study 131:147 The present study 131:147 The present study was initiated to experimentally optimize the conditions for extraction using Central Composite Design. 28818725 7 35 theme low 861:863 arg1 products 871:878 low sugar products 861:878 low sugar products 861:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 0 36 theme Artocarpus 68:77 arg1 integer 79:85 Artocarpus integer 68:85 Artocarpus integer 68:85 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 0 36 theme Artocarpus 68:77 arg1 jackfruit 57:65 jackfruit 57:65 jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) 57:86 Optimized extraction and characterization of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) wastes using response surface methodology. 28818725 7 37 with pectin 823:828 arg1 applications 845:856 promising applications 835:856 promising applications in low sugar products 835:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 6 38 theme wastes 715:720 arg1 10kg 697:700 10kg 697:700 10kg of jackfruit wastes 697:720 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 28818725 7 39 theme sugar 865:869 arg1 products 871:878 low sugar products 861:878 low sugar products 861:878 Pectin isolated from Jackfruit wastes can be classified as low methoxyl pectin with promising applications in low sugar products. 28818725 2 40 theme optimum 256:262 arg1 temperature 264:274 The optimum temperature 252:274 The optimum temperature 252:274 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 2 40 theme optimum 256:262 arg1 90°C 371:374 90°C 371:374 90°C 371:374 The optimum temperature and time for the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit wastes using oxalic acid were found to be 90°C and 60min respectively. 28818725 6 41 theme jackfruit 705:713 arg1 wastes 715:720 jackfruit wastes 705:720 jackfruit wastes 705:720 Experimental studies on a large scale using 10kg of jackfruit wastes, gave a yield of 38% pectin. 27987871 10 0 theme crystallinity 910:922 arg1 index 924:928 a crystallinity index 908:928 a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose 908:1026 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 3 1 dep reference 329:337 arg1 compare 342:348 compare 342:348 to compare results 339:356 In addition, microcrystalline cellulose was used as a reference to compare results. 27987871 7 2 theme pine 684:687 arg1 wood 689:692 the pine wood 680:692 the pine wood 680:692 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 3 theme microcrystalline 734:749 arg1 cellulose 751:759 the microcrystalline cellulose 730:759 the microcrystalline cellulose 730:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 4 4 theme delignification 417:431 arg1 pre-treatments 433:446 delignification pre-treatments 417:446 delignification pre-treatments 417:446 Initially, the lignocellulosic residues were submitted to delignification pre-treatments. 27987871 10 5 theme % 938:938 arg1 index 924:928 a crystallinity index 908:928 a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose 908:1026 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 6 theme nanocrystalline 644:658 arg1 yield 670:674 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield 640:674 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood 640:692 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 6 theme nanocrystalline 644:658 arg1 % 702:702 9.0-% 698:702 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose 698:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 6 theme nanocrystalline 644:658 arg1 value 711:715 the value 707:715 the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose 707:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 4 7 theme lignocellulosic 374:388 arg1 residues 390:397 the lignocellulosic residues 370:397 the lignocellulosic residues 370:397 Initially, the lignocellulosic residues were submitted to delignification pre-treatments. 27987871 5 8 theme acid 512:515 arg1 hydrolysis 517:526 acid hydrolysis 512:526 acid hydrolysis 512:526 At the end of the process, the bleached fibre was submitted to acid hydrolysis. 27987871 7 9 theme cellulose 660:668 arg1 yield 670:674 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield 640:674 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood 640:692 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 9 theme cellulose 660:668 arg1 % 702:702 9.0-% 698:702 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose 698:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 9 theme cellulose 660:668 arg1 value 711:715 the value 707:715 the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose 707:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 1 10 theme nanocrystalline 82:96 arg1 cellulose 98:106 nanocrystalline cellulose 82:106 nanocrystalline cellulose 82:106 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 1 11 theme cellulose 98:106 arg1 extraction 68:77 The extraction 64:77 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues 64:125 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 1 11 theme cellulose 98:106 arg1 alternative 145:155 an interesting alternative 130:155 an interesting alternative to recover these materials 130:182 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 6 12 theme suspensions 627:637 arg1 spray-drying 581:592 the spray-drying 577:592 the spray-drying of the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions 577:637 Additionally, microparticles were obtained from the spray-drying of the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions. 27987871 6 13 theme cellulose 617:625 arg1 suspensions 627:637 the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions 597:637 the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions 597:637 Additionally, microparticles were obtained from the spray-drying of the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions. 27987871 3 14 theme microcrystalline 288:303 arg1 reference 329:337 a reference 327:337 a reference to compare results 327:356 In addition, microcrystalline cellulose was used as a reference to compare results. 27987871 3 14 theme microcrystalline 288:303 arg1 cellulose 305:313 microcrystalline cellulose 288:313 microcrystalline cellulose 288:313 In addition, microcrystalline cellulose was used as a reference to compare results. 27987871 2 15 theme present 192:198 arg1 study 200:204 the present study 188:204 the present study 188:204 In the present study, nanocrystalline cellulose was extracted from pine wood and corncob. 27987871 10 16 theme pine 948:951 arg1 wood 953:956 the pine wood 944:956 the pine wood 944:956 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 11 17 theme polymer 1100:1106 arg1 composites 1108:1117 polymer composites 1100:1117 polymer composites processed by extrusion 1100:1140 These microparticles have great potential for use in the production of polymer composites processed by extrusion. 27987871 6 18 theme nanocrystalline 601:615 arg1 suspensions 627:637 the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions 597:637 the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions 597:637 Additionally, microparticles were obtained from the spray-drying of the nanocrystalline cellulose suspensions. 27987871 2 19 theme pine 252:255 arg1 wood 257:260 pine wood 252:260 pine wood 252:260 In the present study, nanocrystalline cellulose was extracted from pine wood and corncob. 27987871 0 20 theme pine 41:44 arg1 wood 46:49 pine wood 41:49 pine wood 41:49 Nanocrystalline cellulose extracted from pine wood and corncob. 27987871 11 21 contain have 1050:1053 arg1 microparticles 1035:1048 These microparticles 1029:1048 These microparticles 1029:1048 These microparticles have great potential for use in the production of polymer composites processed by extrusion. 27987871 11 21 contain have 1050:1053 arg2 potential 1061:1069 great potential 1055:1069 great potential for use 1055:1077 These microparticles have great potential for use in the production of polymer composites processed by extrusion. 27987871 7 22 theme value 711:715 arg1 yield 670:674 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield 640:674 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood 640:692 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 22 theme value 711:715 arg1 % 702:702 9.0-% 698:702 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose 698:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 7 22 theme value 711:715 arg1 value 711:715 the value 707:715 the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose 707:759 The nanocrystalline cellulose yield for the pine wood was 9.0-% of the value attained for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 11 23 theme composites 1108:1117 arg1 production 1086:1095 the production 1082:1095 the production of polymer composites processed by extrusion 1082:1140 These microparticles have great potential for use in the production of polymer composites processed by extrusion. 27987871 3 24 used used 319:322 arg2 cellulose 305:313 microcrystalline cellulose 288:313 microcrystalline cellulose 288:313 In addition, microcrystalline cellulose was used as a reference to compare results. 27987871 3 24 used used 319:322 arg2 reference 329:337 a reference 327:337 a reference to compare results 327:356 In addition, microcrystalline cellulose was used as a reference to compare results. 27987871 10 25 theme % 964:964 arg1 index 924:928 a crystallinity index 908:928 a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose 908:1026 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 10 26 theme microcrystalline 1001:1016 arg1 cellulose 1018:1026 the microcrystalline cellulose 997:1026 the microcrystalline cellulose 997:1026 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 2 27 theme nanocrystalline 207:221 arg1 cellulose 223:231 nanocrystalline cellulose 207:231 nanocrystalline cellulose 207:231 In the present study, nanocrystalline cellulose was extracted from pine wood and corncob. 27987871 1 28 theme interesting 133:143 arg1 extraction 68:77 The extraction 64:77 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues 64:125 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 1 28 theme interesting 133:143 arg1 alternative 145:155 an interesting alternative 130:155 an interesting alternative to recover these materials 130:182 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 1 29 from agro-residues 113:125 arg1 extraction 68:77 The extraction 64:77 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues 64:125 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 1 29 from agro-residues 113:125 arg1 alternative 145:155 an interesting alternative 130:155 an interesting alternative to recover these materials 130:182 The extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose from agro-residues is an interesting alternative to recover these materials. 27987871 10 30 theme % 991:991 arg1 index 924:928 a crystallinity index 908:928 a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose 908:1026 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 5 31 theme process 467:473 arg1 end 456:458 the end 452:458 the end of the process 452:473 At the end of the process, the bleached fibre was submitted to acid hydrolysis. 27987871 10 32 theme spray-dried 874:884 arg1 microparticles 886:899 The spray-dried microparticles 870:899 The spray-dried microparticles 870:899 The spray-dried microparticles showed a crystallinity index of 67.8-% for the pine wood, 70.9-% for the corncob and 79.3-% for the microcrystalline cellulose. 27987871 9 33 theme complementary 812:824 arg1 studies 826:832 complementary studies 812:832 complementary studies 812:832 Therefore, complementary studies are necessary to improve the yield. 27987871 11 34 theme great 1055:1059 arg1 potential 1061:1069 great potential 1055:1069 great potential for use 1055:1077 These microparticles have great potential for use in the production of polymer composites processed by extrusion. 28764058 7 0 theme GI 947:948 arg1 sources 950:956 low GI sources 943:956 low GI sources of functional food 943:975 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 0 theme GI 947:948 arg1 varieties 920:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 1 1 theme total 278:282 arg1 TAC 305:307 TAC 305:307 TAC 305:307 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 1 theme total 278:282 arg1 content 296:302 total anthocyanin content 278:302 total anthocyanin content (TAC) 278:308 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 5 2 theme amylose 705:711 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 1 3 theme glycemic 227:234 arg1 index 236:240 glycemic index 227:240 glycemic index (GI) 227:245 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 3 theme glycemic 227:234 arg1 GI 243:244 GI 243:244 GI 243:244 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 0 4 theme red 68:70 arg1 rice 90:93 red and white basmati rice 68:93 red and white basmati rice 68:93 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 1 5 theme anthocyanin 284:294 arg1 TAC 305:307 TAC 305:307 TAC 305:307 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 5 theme anthocyanin 284:294 arg1 content 296:302 total anthocyanin content 278:302 total anthocyanin content (TAC) 278:308 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 5 6 with value 694:698 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 6 7 theme AOA 837:839 arg1 levels 814:819 Relatively higher levels 796:819 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA 796:839 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 6 8 located found 846:850 arg1 basmati 859:865 red basmati 855:865 red basmati than white basmati varieties 855:894 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 6 8 located found 846:850 arg2 levels 814:819 Relatively higher levels 796:819 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA 796:839 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 0 9 theme basmati 82:88 arg1 rice 90:93 red and white basmati rice 68:93 red and white basmati rice 68:93 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 0 10 from Effect 0:5 arg1 index 32:36 glycemic index 23:36 glycemic index 23:36 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 0 10 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 54:63 antioxidant properties 42:63 antioxidant properties 42:63 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 2 11 theme white 453:457 arg1 basmati 459:465 white basmati 453:465 white basmati 453:465 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 5 12 theme TPC 763:765 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 0 13 theme white 76:80 arg1 rice 90:93 red and white basmati rice 68:93 red and white basmati rice 68:93 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 1 14 theme % 355:355 arg1 levels 366:371 10% and 100% polished levels 344:371 10% and 100% polished levels 344:371 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 5 15 theme ash 753:755 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 6 16 theme red 855:857 arg1 basmati 859:865 red basmati 855:865 red basmati than white basmati varieties 855:894 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 2 17 theme ash 412:414 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 6 18 theme white 872:876 arg1 varieties 886:894 white basmati varieties 872:894 white basmati varieties 872:894 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 1 19 theme polished 357:364 arg1 levels 366:371 10% and 100% polished levels 344:371 10% and 100% polished levels 344:371 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 20 theme non-pigmented 140:152 arg1 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties 96:181 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 0 21 theme rice 90:93 arg1 index 32:36 glycemic index 23:36 glycemic index 23:36 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 0 21 theme rice 90:93 arg1 properties 54:63 antioxidant properties 42:63 antioxidant properties 42:63 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 5 22 theme fat 733:735 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 1 23 theme white 154:158 arg1 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties 96:181 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 7 24 theme basmati 912:918 arg1 sources 950:956 low GI sources 943:956 low GI sources of functional food 943:975 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 24 theme basmati 912:918 arg1 varieties 920:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 4 25 theme polishing 576:584 arg1 degree 566:571 The degree 562:571 The degree of polishing 562:584 The degree of polishing had no effect on the GI. 28764058 1 26 theme basmati 160:166 arg1 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties 96:181 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 3 27 theme medium 532:537 arg1 rice 542:545 medium GI rice 532:545 medium GI rice 532:545 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 27 theme medium 532:537 arg1 varieties 490:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 4 28 contain had 586:588 arg2 effect 593:598 no effect 590:598 no effect 590:598 The degree of polishing had no effect on the GI. 28764058 4 28 contain had 586:588 arg1 degree 566:571 The degree 562:571 The degree of polishing 562:584 The degree of polishing had no effect on the GI. 28764058 3 29 theme low 521:523 arg1 varieties 490:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 29 theme low 521:523 arg1 GI 525:526 low GI 521:526 low GI 521:526 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 1 30 theme rice 168:171 arg1 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties 96:181 varieties 173:181 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 5 31 theme significant 632:642 arg1 correlation 653:663 a significant negative correlation 630:663 a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 630:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 5 32 dep correlation 653:663 arg1 r>-0.81 666:672 r>-0.81 666:672 r>-0.81; P<0.01 666:680 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 2 33 theme TPC 431:433 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 5 34 theme crude 738:742 arg1 protein 744:750 crude protein 738:750 crude protein 738:750 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 0 35 theme polishing 10:18 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 0:94 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 1 36 theme total 248:252 arg1 TPC 272:274 TPC 272:274 TPC 272:274 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 36 theme total 248:252 arg1 content 263:269 total phenolic content 248:269 total phenolic content (TPC) 248:275 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 37 theme antioxidant 314:324 arg1 AOA 336:338 AOA 336:338 AOA 336:338 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 37 theme antioxidant 314:324 arg1 activity 326:333 antioxidant activity 314:333 antioxidant activity (AOA) 314:339 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 5 38 theme protein 744:750 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 2 39 theme red 378:380 arg1 basmati 382:388 The red basmati 374:388 The red basmati 374:388 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 1 40 theme phenolic 254:261 arg1 TPC 272:274 TPC 272:274 TPC 272:274 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 40 theme phenolic 254:261 arg1 content 263:269 total phenolic content 248:269 total phenolic content (TPC) 248:275 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 2 41 theme fat 426:428 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 5 42 theme GI 691:692 arg1 value 694:698 GI value 691:698 GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 691:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 6 43 theme higher 807:812 arg1 levels 814:819 Relatively higher levels 796:819 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA 796:839 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 0 44 theme glycemic 23:30 arg1 index 32:36 glycemic index 23:36 glycemic index 23:36 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 5 45 theme negative 644:651 arg1 correlation 653:663 a significant negative correlation 630:663 a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 630:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 0 46 theme antioxidant 42:52 arg1 properties 54:63 antioxidant properties 42:63 antioxidant properties 42:63 Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice. 28764058 2 47 theme protein 417:423 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 2 48 theme AOA 444:446 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 7 49 theme functional 961:970 arg1 food 972:975 functional food 961:975 functional food 961:975 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 5 50 theme basmati 787:793 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 2 51 contain had 390:392 arg1 basmati 382:388 The red basmati 374:388 The red basmati 374:388 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 2 51 contain had 390:392 arg2 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 5 52 theme crude 714:718 arg1 fiber 720:724 crude fiber 714:724 crude fiber 714:724 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 3 53 theme GI 539:540 arg1 rice 542:545 medium GI rice 532:545 medium GI rice 532:545 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 53 theme GI 539:540 arg1 varieties 490:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 6 54 theme TPC 824:826 arg1 levels 814:819 Relatively higher levels 796:819 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA 796:839 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 5 55 theme fiber 720:724 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 2 56 theme TAC 436:438 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 5 57 dep r>-0.81 666:672 arg1 P<0.01 675:680 P<0.01 675:680 r>-0.81; P<0.01 666:680 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 3 58 theme white 476:480 arg1 rice 542:545 medium GI rice 532:545 medium GI rice 532:545 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 58 theme white 476:480 arg1 varieties 490:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 58 theme white 476:480 arg1 GI 525:526 low GI 521:526 low GI 521:526 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 5 59 theme AOA 758:760 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 3 60 theme basmati 482:488 arg1 rice 542:545 medium GI rice 532:545 medium GI rice 532:545 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 60 theme basmati 482:488 arg1 varieties 490:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 60 theme basmati 482:488 arg1 GI 525:526 low GI 521:526 low GI 521:526 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 5 61 theme crude 727:731 arg1 fat 733:735 crude fat 727:735 crude fat 727:735 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 1 62 theme nutrient 205:212 arg1 composition 214:224 their nutrient composition 199:224 their nutrient composition 199:224 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 1 63 theme % 346:346 arg1 levels 366:371 10% and 100% polished levels 344:371 10% and 100% polished levels 344:371 Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. 28764058 3 64 theme Red 468:470 arg1 rice 542:545 medium GI rice 532:545 medium GI rice 532:545 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 64 theme Red 468:470 arg1 varieties 490:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties 468:498 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 3 64 theme Red 468:470 arg1 GI 525:526 low GI 521:526 low GI 521:526 Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. 28764058 6 65 theme TAC 829:831 arg1 levels 814:819 Relatively higher levels 796:819 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA 796:839 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 2 66 theme higher 394:399 arg1 content 401:407 higher content 394:407 higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA 394:446 The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. 28764058 6 67 theme basmati 878:884 arg1 varieties 886:894 white basmati varieties 872:894 white basmati varieties 872:894 Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. 28764058 5 68 theme TAC 771:773 arg1 contents 775:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents 705:782 amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati 705:793 However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>-0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. 28764058 7 69 theme red 908:910 arg1 sources 950:956 low GI sources 943:956 low GI sources of functional food 943:975 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 69 theme red 908:910 arg1 varieties 920:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 70 theme food 972:975 arg1 sources 950:956 low GI sources 943:956 low GI sources of functional food 943:975 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 70 theme food 972:975 arg1 varieties 920:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 71 theme low 943:945 arg1 sources 950:956 low GI sources 943:956 low GI sources of functional food 943:975 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 28764058 7 71 theme low 943:945 arg1 varieties 920:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 red basmati varieties 908:928 Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food. 27112862 0 0 theme C-modified 90:99 arg1 titania 112:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 2 1 theme low 482:484 arg1 temperatures 486:497 low temperatures 482:497 low temperatures 482:497 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 1 2 theme C-MTiO2 167:173 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 1 3 theme facile 249:254 arg1 approach 256:263 facile approach 249:263 facile approach 249:263 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 0 4 theme driven 83:88 arg1 titania 112:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 4 5 theme hydroxyl 843:850 arg1 ion 880:882 titanium ion 871:882 titanium ion 871:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 4 5 theme hydroxyl 843:850 arg1 groups 852:857 the hydroxyl groups 839:857 the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion 839:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 4 5 theme hydroxyl 843:850 arg1 RCMs 862:865 RCMs 862:865 RCMs 862:865 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 0 6 theme titania 112:118 arg1 growth 59:64 in-situ growth 51:64 in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 51:118 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 3 7 theme adsorption/desorption 672:692 arg1 UV-vis-NIR 700:709 FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy 658:731 UV-vis-NIR 700:709 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 7 theme adsorption/desorption 672:692 arg1 N2 669:670 N2 669:670 N2 669:670 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 4 8 theme RCMs 862:865 arg1 ion 880:882 titanium ion 871:882 titanium ion 871:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 4 8 theme RCMs 862:865 arg1 groups 852:857 the hydroxyl groups 839:857 the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion 839:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 4 8 theme RCMs 862:865 arg1 RCMs 862:865 RCMs 862:865 RCMs 862:865 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 6 9 theme aqueous 1172:1178 arg1 solution 1180:1187 aqueous solution 1172:1187 aqueous solution 1172:1187 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 0 10 theme mesoporous 101:110 arg1 titania 112:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 5 11 theme TiO2 944:947 arg1 nanorods 949:956 TiO2 nanorods 944:956 TiO2 nanorods 944:956 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 6 12 from solution 1180:1187 arg1 degradation 1140:1150 degradation 1140:1150 degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution 1140:1187 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 1 13 theme sol-gel 268:274 arg1 method 291:296 sol-gel bio-templating method 268:296 sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor 268:354 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 2 14 from nanorods 453:460 arg1 sol 475:477 acidified sol 465:477 acidified sol 465:477 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 5 15 theme Optical 885:891 arg1 analysis 901:908 Optical and XPS analysis 885:908 analysis 901:908 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 4 16 theme strong 812:817 arg1 interaction 819:829 the strong interaction 808:829 the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion 808:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 3 17 theme surface 532:538 arg1 area 540:543 surface area 532:543 surface area 532:543 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 6 18 theme activity 1070:1077 arg1 measurements 1079:1090 Photocatalytic activity measurements 1055:1090 Photocatalytic activity measurements 1055:1090 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 0 19 theme cellulose 12:20 arg1 membrane 22:29 cellulose membrane 12:29 cellulose membrane as bio-template 12:45 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 5 20 theme band-gap 979:986 arg1 narrowing 988:996 band-gap narrowing 979:996 band-gap narrowing 979:996 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 6 21 theme Photocatalytic 1055:1068 arg1 measurements 1079:1090 Photocatalytic activity measurements 1055:1090 Photocatalytic activity measurements 1055:1090 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 2 22 theme resultant 435:443 arg1 nanorods 453:460 resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods 435:460 resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol 435:477 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 1 23 theme bio-templating 276:289 arg1 method 291:296 sol-gel bio-templating method 268:296 sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor 268:354 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 6 24 theme orange 1162:1167 arg1 degradation 1140:1150 degradation 1140:1150 degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution 1140:1187 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 5 25 theme XPS 897:899 arg1 analysis 901:908 Optical and XPS analysis 885:908 analysis 901:908 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 4 26 theme nanorods 783:790 arg1 growth 765:770 the growth 761:770 the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods 761:790 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 2 27 from study 365:369 arg1 responsible 385:395 responsible 385:395 responsible 385:395 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 3 28 theme morphological 546:558 arg1 structure 560:568 morphological structure 546:568 morphological structure 546:568 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 2 29 theme carbon 416:421 arg1 sources 423:429 in-situ carbon sources 408:429 in-situ carbon sources 408:429 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 6 30 theme C-MTiO2 1120:1126 arg1 nanorods 1128:1135 C-MTiO2 nanorods 1120:1135 C-MTiO2 nanorods 1120:1135 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 3 31 theme XPS 716:718 arg1 spectroscopy 720:731 FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy 658:731 spectroscopy 720:731 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 6 32 from degradation 1140:1150 arg1 solution 1180:1187 aqueous solution 1172:1187 aqueous solution 1172:1187 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 1 33 theme Visible 121:127 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 6 34 theme % 1199:1199 arg1 percentage 1213:1222 96.6% degradation percentage 1195:1222 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation 1195:1254 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 2 35 theme in-situ 408:414 arg1 sources 423:429 in-situ carbon sources 408:429 in-situ carbon sources 408:429 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 1 36 theme regenerated 304:314 arg1 membrane 326:333 regenerated cellulose membrane 304:333 regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) 304:339 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 1 36 theme regenerated 304:314 arg1 RCM 336:338 RCM 336:338 RCM 336:338 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 6 37 theme visible 1230:1236 arg1 irradiation 1244:1254 visible light irradiation 1230:1254 visible light irradiation 1230:1254 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 6 38 from orange 1162:1167 arg1 solution 1180:1187 aqueous solution 1172:1187 aqueous solution 1172:1187 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 2 39 theme acidified 465:473 arg1 sol 475:477 acidified sol 465:477 acidified sol 465:477 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 1 40 theme cellulose 316:324 arg1 membrane 326:333 regenerated cellulose membrane 304:333 regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) 304:339 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 1 40 theme cellulose 316:324 arg1 RCM 336:338 RCM 336:338 RCM 336:338 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 3 41 theme C-MTiO2 597:603 arg1 nanorods 605:612 C-MTiO2 nanorods 597:612 C-MTiO2 nanorods 597:612 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 42 dep UV-vis-NIR 700:709 arg1 TEM 695:697 FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy 658:731 TEM 695:697 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 42 dep UV-vis-NIR 700:709 arg1 XRD 664:666 XRD 664:666 XRD 664:666 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 4 43 theme titanium 871:878 arg1 ion 880:882 titanium ion 871:882 titanium ion 871:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 2 44 from temperatures 486:497 arg1 responsible 385:395 responsible 385:395 responsible 385:395 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 3 45 theme optical 575:581 arg1 properties 583:592 optical properties 575:592 optical properties 575:592 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 6 46 theme nanorods 1128:1135 arg1 capability 1106:1115 the capability 1102:1115 the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods 1102:1135 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 1 47 theme light 129:133 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 0 48 theme in-situ 51:57 arg1 growth 59:64 in-situ growth 51:64 in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 51:118 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 5 49 theme visible 1018:1024 arg1 capability 1043:1052 the visible light absorption capability 1014:1052 the visible light absorption capability 1014:1052 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 6 50 theme methyl 1155:1160 arg1 orange 1162:1167 methyl orange 1155:1167 methyl orange in aqueous solution 1155:1187 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 2 51 from responsible 385:395 arg1 study 365:369 this study 360:369 this study 360:369 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 27112862 1 52 theme driven 135:140 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 6 53 theme 96.6 1195:1198 arg1 % 1199:1199 % 1199:1199 % 1199:1199 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 5 54 theme light 1026:1030 arg1 capability 1043:1052 the visible light absorption capability 1014:1052 the visible light absorption capability 1014:1052 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 6 55 theme light 1238:1242 arg1 irradiation 1244:1254 visible light irradiation 1230:1254 visible light irradiation 1230:1254 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 1 56 theme C-doped 142:148 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 5 57 theme carbon 925:930 arg1 presence 932:939 carbon presence 925:939 carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods 925:956 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 1 58 theme low 235:237 arg1 cost 239:242 low cost 235:242 low cost 235:242 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 4 59 theme ion 880:882 arg1 ion 880:882 titanium ion 871:882 titanium ion 871:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 4 59 theme ion 880:882 arg1 groups 852:857 the hydroxyl groups 839:857 the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion 839:882 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 4 59 theme ion 880:882 arg1 RCMs 862:865 RCMs 862:865 RCMs 862:865 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 3 60 theme FTIR 658:661 arg1 UV-vis-NIR 700:709 FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy 658:731 UV-vis-NIR 700:709 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 60 theme FTIR 658:661 arg1 N2 669:670 N2 669:670 N2 669:670 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 6 61 theme degradation 1201:1211 arg1 percentage 1213:1222 96.6% degradation percentage 1195:1222 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation 1195:1254 Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation. 27112862 1 62 theme mesoporous 150:159 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 5 63 theme absorption 1032:1041 arg1 capability 1043:1052 the visible light absorption capability 1014:1052 the visible light absorption capability 1014:1052 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 0 64 theme visible-light 69:81 arg1 titania 112:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania 69:118 Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. 27112862 3 65 theme nanorods 605:612 arg1 area 540:543 surface area 532:543 surface area 532:543 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 65 theme nanorods 605:612 arg1 composition 504:514 The composition 500:514 The composition 500:514 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 65 theme nanorods 605:612 arg1 crystallinity 517:529 crystallinity 517:529 crystallinity 517:529 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 65 theme nanorods 605:612 arg1 properties 583:592 optical properties 575:592 optical properties 575:592 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 3 65 theme nanorods 605:612 arg1 structure 560:568 morphological structure 546:568 morphological structure 546:568 The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. 27112862 1 66 theme TiO2 161:164 arg1 nanorods 176:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods 121:183 Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. 27112862 5 67 from presence 932:939 arg1 nanorods 949:956 TiO2 nanorods 944:956 TiO2 nanorods 944:956 Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. 27112862 4 68 theme C-MTiO2 775:781 arg1 nanorods 783:790 C-MTiO2 nanorods 775:790 C-MTiO2 nanorods 775:790 The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. 27112862 2 69 theme C-MTiO2 445:451 arg1 nanorods 453:460 resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods 435:460 resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol 435:477 In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. 28531994 0 0 theme targeted 76:83 arg1 delivery 90:97 a targeted drug delivery 74:97 a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis 74:114 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 28531994 2 1 theme intermolecular 537:550 arg1 crosslinkages 552:564 numerous intermolecular crosslinkages 528:564 numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains 528:604 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 1 2 theme magnetic 157:164 arg1 system 267:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 2 theme magnetic 157:164 arg1 Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs 181:197 Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs 181:197 Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs 181:197 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 2 theme magnetic 157:164 arg1 nanoparticles 166:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles 132:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) 132:198 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 3 theme automated 277:285 arg1 technology 301:310 automated in situ click technology 277:310 automated in situ click technology 277:310 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 2 4 theme numerous 528:535 arg1 crosslinkages 552:564 numerous intermolecular crosslinkages 528:564 numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains 528:604 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 1 5 theme in 287:288 arg1 technology 301:310 automated in situ click technology 277:310 automated in situ click technology 277:310 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 3 6 theme sustained 906:914 arg1 release 916:922 sustained release 906:922 sustained release 906:922 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 0 7 theme drug 85:88 arg1 delivery 90:97 a targeted drug delivery 74:97 a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis 74:114 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 28531994 3 8 with treatment 856:864 arg1 sensitivity 890:900 excellent magnetic sensitivity 871:900 excellent magnetic sensitivity 871:900 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 8 with treatment 856:864 arg1 release 916:922 sustained release 906:922 sustained release 906:922 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 9 theme Characterization 607:622 arg1 results 624:630 Characterization results 607:630 Characterization results 607:630 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 1 10 theme click 295:299 arg1 technology 301:310 automated in situ click technology 277:310 automated in situ click technology 277:310 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 3 11 with system 681:686 arg1 capacity 727:734 excellent loading capacity 709:734 excellent loading capacity 709:734 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 11 with system 681:686 arg1 size 703:706 optimized size 693:706 optimized size 693:706 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 11 with system 681:686 arg1 nontoxicity 763:773 nontoxicity 763:773 nontoxicity 763:773 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 11 with system 681:686 arg1 property 805:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 11 with system 681:686 arg1 properties 751:760 well magnetic properties 737:760 well magnetic properties 737:760 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 12 theme drug 792:795 arg1 property 805:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 0 13 theme facile 2:7 arg1 method 18:23 A facile one-step method 0:23 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 0:115 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 28531994 3 14 theme release 797:803 arg1 property 805:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 15 theme magnetic 742:749 arg1 properties 751:760 well magnetic properties 737:760 well magnetic properties 737:760 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 0 16 theme one-step 9:16 arg1 method 18:23 A facile one-step method 0:23 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 0:115 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 28531994 2 17 theme magnetic 446:453 arg1 crosslinkers 504:515 stable crosslinkers 497:515 stable crosslinkers 497:515 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 17 theme magnetic 446:453 arg1 tripolyphosphate 473:488 tripolyphosphate 473:488 tripolyphosphate 473:488 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 17 theme magnetic 446:453 arg1 nanoparticles 455:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 436:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 436:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 3 18 dep triggered 782:790 arg1 pH 779:780 pH 779:780 pH 779:780 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 2 19 theme chains 599:604 arg1 mobility 574:581 the mobility 570:581 the mobility of the chitosan chains 570:604 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 1 20 theme one-step 419:426 arg1 method 428:433 one-step method 419:433 one-step method 419:433 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 3 21 theme delivery 672:679 arg1 system 681:686 the multifunctional drug delivery system 647:686 the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property 647:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 2 22 theme Fe3O4 440:444 arg1 crosslinkers 504:515 stable crosslinkers 497:515 stable crosslinkers 497:515 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 22 theme Fe3O4 440:444 arg1 tripolyphosphate 473:488 tripolyphosphate 473:488 tripolyphosphate 473:488 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 22 theme Fe3O4 440:444 arg1 nanoparticles 455:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 436:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 436:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 23 theme chitosan 590:597 arg1 chains 599:604 the chitosan chains 586:604 the chitosan chains 586:604 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 3 24 theme excellent 709:717 arg1 capacity 727:734 excellent loading capacity 709:734 excellent loading capacity 709:734 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 1 25 theme environmental 220:232 arg1 system 267:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 25 theme environmental 220:232 arg1 nanoparticles 166:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles 132:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) 132:198 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 0 26 theme Fe3O4/CS/INH 44:55 arg1 nanoparticles 57:69 Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles 44:69 Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis 44:114 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 28531994 1 27 theme magnetic 328:335 arg1 isoniazid 365:373 isoniazid 365:373 isoniazid 365:373 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 27 theme magnetic 328:335 arg1 chitosan 352:359 chitosan 352:359 chitosan 352:359 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 27 theme magnetic 328:335 arg1 nanoparticles 337:349 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 322:349 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 322:349 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 3 28 theme loading 719:725 arg1 capacity 727:734 excellent loading capacity 709:734 excellent loading capacity 709:734 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 29 theme multifunctional 651:665 arg1 system 681:686 the multifunctional drug delivery system 647:686 the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property 647:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 2 30 theme stable 497:502 arg1 crosslinkers 504:515 stable crosslinkers 497:515 stable crosslinkers 497:515 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 30 theme stable 497:502 arg1 tripolyphosphate 473:488 tripolyphosphate 473:488 tripolyphosphate 473:488 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 2 30 theme stable 497:502 arg1 nanoparticles 455:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 436:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 436:467 The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and tripolyphosphate act as stable crosslinkers to produce numerous intermolecular crosslinkages for the mobility of the chitosan chains. 28531994 3 31 theme drug 667:670 arg1 system 681:686 the multifunctional drug delivery system 647:686 the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property 647:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 32 theme tuberculosis 843:854 arg1 treatment 856:864 tuberculosis treatment 843:864 tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release 843:922 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 1 33 theme stimuli-responsive 234:251 arg1 system 267:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 33 theme stimuli-responsive 234:251 arg1 nanoparticles 166:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles 132:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) 132:198 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 34 theme drug-delivery 253:265 arg1 system 267:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 34 theme drug-delivery 253:265 arg1 nanoparticles 166:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles 132:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) 132:198 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 35 dep in 287:288 arg1 situ 290:293 situ 290:293 situ 290:293 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 3 36 theme excellent 871:879 arg1 sensitivity 890:900 excellent magnetic sensitivity 871:900 excellent magnetic sensitivity 871:900 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 0 37 theme nanoparticles 57:69 arg1 preparation 29:39 preparation 29:39 preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis 29:114 A facile one-step method for preparation of Fe3O4/CS/INH nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery for tuberculosis. 28531994 3 38 theme optimized 693:701 arg1 size 703:706 optimized size 693:706 optimized size 693:706 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 3 39 theme triggered 782:790 arg1 property 805:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 pH triggered drug release property 779:812 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 28531994 1 40 theme Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid 132:155 arg1 system 267:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system 217:272 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 40 theme Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid 132:155 arg1 Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs 181:197 Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs 181:197 Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs 181:197 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 1 40 theme Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid 132:155 arg1 nanoparticles 166:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles 132:178 Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) 132:198 In this paper, Fe3O4/chitosan/isoniazid magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CS/INH-MNPs) were prepared as an environmental stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system by automated in situ click technology, in which Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan and isoniazid were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step method. 28531994 3 41 theme magnetic 881:888 arg1 sensitivity 890:900 excellent magnetic sensitivity 871:900 excellent magnetic sensitivity 871:900 Characterization results indicated that the multifunctional drug delivery system with optimized size, excellent loading capacity, well magnetic properties, nontoxicity and pH triggered drug release property is expected to be applied in tuberculosis treatment with excellent magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 25098896 3 0 dep Biotempo 301:308 arg1 H-70® 328:332 Oligo H-70® 322:332 Oligo H-70® 322:332 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 8 1 theme Biotempo > GOS 1057:1070 arg1 > lactulose 1088:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 8 1 theme Biotempo > GOS 1057:1070 arg1 efficiency 1019:1028 The efficiency 1015:1028 The efficiency of the protectants 1015:1047 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 3 2 theme w/w 251:253 arg1 types 262:266 two types 258:266 two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 258:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 2 theme w/w 251:253 arg1 % 249:249 20% w/w 247:253 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 247:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 8 3 theme protectants 1037:1047 arg1 > lactulose 1088:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 8 3 theme protectants 1037:1047 arg1 efficiency 1019:1028 The efficiency 1015:1028 The efficiency of the protectants 1015:1047 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 7 4 from nm 908:909 arg1 absorbance 890:899 The absorbance 886:899 The absorbance at 600 nm 886:909 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 7 4 from nm 908:909 arg1 position 919:926 the position 915:926 the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm 915:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 5 5 theme NIR 607:609 arg1 spectra 611:617 the NIR spectra 603:617 the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions 603:657 Principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed on the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions. 25098896 9 6 dep contribution 1188:1199 arg1 basis 1169:1173 basis 1169:1173 basis 1169:1173 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 9 6 dep contribution 1188:1199 arg1 the 1165:1167 the 1165:1167 the 1165:1167 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 0 7 theme subsp 103:107 arg1 desiccation 62:72 desiccation 62:72 desiccation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 62:107 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose as protectants against desiccation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 25098896 10 8 theme growth 1355:1360 arg1 phases 1345:1350 exponential and stationary phases 1318:1350 exponential and stationary phases of growth 1318:1360 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 10 8 theme growth 1355:1360 arg1 lag 1313:1315 the lag 1309:1315 the lag 1309:1315 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 3 9 theme silica 217:222 arg1 gel 224:226 silica gel 217:226 silica gel 217:226 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 10 10 theme stationary 1334:1343 arg1 phases 1345:1350 exponential and stationary phases 1318:1350 exponential and stationary phases of growth 1318:1360 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 10 10 theme stationary 1334:1343 arg1 lag 1313:1315 the lag 1309:1315 the lag 1309:1315 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 6 11 theme carboxyfluorescein 721:738 arg1 diacetate 740:748 carboxyfluorescein diacetate 721:748 carboxyfluorescein diacetate 721:748 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 5 12 theme Principal 546:554 arg1 PCA 576:578 PCA 576:578 PCA 576:578 Principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed on the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions. 25098896 5 12 theme Principal 546:554 arg1 analysis 566:573 Principal component analysis 546:573 Principal component analysis (PCA) 546:579 Principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed on the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions. 25098896 12 13 from recovery 1544:1551 arg1 time 1590:1593 real time 1585:1593 real time 1585:1593 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 12 14 theme microorganisms 1567:1580 arg1 recovery 1544:1551 the recovery 1540:1551 the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents 1540:1635 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 8 15 theme H-70® 1082:1086 arg1 > lactulose 1088:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 8 15 theme H-70® 1082:1086 arg1 efficiency 1019:1028 The efficiency 1015:1028 The efficiency of the protectants 1015:1047 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 6 16 theme dead 840:843 arg1 bacteria 845:852 damaged, viable, and dead bacteria 819:852 damaged, viable, and dead bacteria 819:852 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 3 17 theme % 249:249 arg1 presence 235:242 the presence 231:242 the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose 231:347 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 5 18 theme component 556:564 arg1 PCA 576:578 PCA 576:578 PCA 576:578 Principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed on the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions. 25098896 5 18 theme component 556:564 arg1 analysis 566:573 Principal component analysis 546:573 Principal component analysis (PCA) 546:579 Principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed on the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions. 25098896 12 19 theme NIR 1525:1527 arg1 use 1518:1520 the use 1514:1520 the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents 1514:1635 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 8 20 theme GOS 1053:1055 arg1 > lactulose 1088:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 8 20 theme GOS 1053:1055 arg1 efficiency 1019:1028 The efficiency 1015:1028 The efficiency of the protectants 1015:1047 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 4 21 from nm 502:503 arg1 NIR 540:542 NIR 540:542 NIR 540:542 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 4 21 from nm 502:503 arg1 absorbance 484:493 the absorbance 480:493 : (a) the absorbance at 600 nm 474:503 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 4 21 from nm 502:503 arg1 spectra 531:537 the near infrared spectra 513:537 (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR) 509:543 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 3 22 theme galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 arg1 types 262:266 two types 258:266 two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 258:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 9 23 theme GOS 1135:1137 arg1 Biotempo 1139:1146 GOS Biotempo 1135:1146 GOS Biotempo 1135:1146 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 6 24 dep diacetate 740:748 arg1 probes 771:776 probes 771:776 probes 771:776 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 7 25 from position 919:926 arg1 nm 967:968 ∼1370 nm 961:968 ∼1370 nm 961:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 6 26 theme viable 828:833 arg1 bacteria 845:852 damaged, viable, and dead bacteria 819:852 damaged, viable, and dead bacteria 819:852 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 7 27 theme incubation 1003:1012 arg1 time 995:998 the time 991:998 the time of incubation 991:1012 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 0 28 theme delbrueckii 91:101 arg1 subsp 103:107 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 77:107 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 77:107 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose as protectants against desiccation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 25098896 11 29 theme viable 1471:1476 arg1 cells 1478:1482 damaged or viable cells 1460:1482 damaged or viable cells 1460:1482 Along PC2, two groups were observed, corresponding to damaged or viable cells. 25098896 3 30 theme types 262:266 arg1 lactulose 339:347 lactulose 339:347 lactulose 339:347 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 30 theme types 262:266 arg1 types 262:266 two types 258:266 two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 258:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 30 theme types 262:266 arg1 % 249:249 20% w/w 247:253 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 247:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 10 31 theme exponential 1318:1328 arg1 phases 1345:1350 exponential and stationary phases 1318:1350 exponential and stationary phases of growth 1318:1360 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 10 31 theme exponential 1318:1328 arg1 lag 1313:1315 the lag 1309:1315 the lag 1309:1315 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 11 32 theme damaged 1460:1466 arg1 cells 1478:1482 damaged or viable cells 1460:1482 damaged or viable cells 1460:1482 Along PC2, two groups were observed, corresponding to damaged or viable cells. 25098896 8 33 theme Oligo 1076:1080 arg1 > lactulose 1088:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 8 33 theme Oligo 1076:1080 arg1 efficiency 1019:1028 The efficiency 1015:1028 The efficiency of the protectants 1015:1047 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 3 34 theme water 370:374 arg1 desorption 376:385 water desorption 370:385 water desorption 370:385 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 12 35 theme chemical 1619:1626 arg1 reagents 1628:1635 chemical reagents 1619:1635 chemical reagents 1619:1635 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 10 36 theme variance 1396:1403 arg1 variance 1396:1403 the total variance 1386:1403 the total variance 1386:1403 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 10 36 theme variance 1396:1403 arg1 % 1381:1381 99% 1379:1381 99% of the total variance 1379:1403 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 9 37 theme protectant 1112:1121 arg1 capacity 1123:1130 The better protectant capacity 1101:1130 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo 1101:1146 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 4 38 theme infrared 522:529 arg1 NIR 540:542 NIR 540:542 NIR 540:542 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 4 38 theme infrared 522:529 arg1 spectra 531:537 the near infrared spectra 513:537 (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR) 509:543 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 10 39 theme total 1390:1394 arg1 variance 1396:1403 the total variance 1386:1403 the total variance 1386:1403 PCA showed three groups along PC1, corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of growth, which explained 99% of the total variance. 25098896 6 40 theme propidium 754:762 arg1 iodide 764:769 propidium iodide 754:769 propidium iodide 754:769 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 3 41 dep dehydrated 180:189 arg1 until 350:354 until 350:354 until 350:354 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 42 contain containing 206:215 arg1 desiccators 194:204 desiccators 194:204 desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose 194:347 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 42 contain containing 206:215 arg2 gel 224:226 silica gel 217:226 silica gel 217:226 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 4 43 theme near 517:520 arg1 NIR 540:542 NIR 540:542 NIR 540:542 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 4 43 theme near 517:520 arg1 spectra 531:537 the near infrared spectra 513:537 (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR) 509:543 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 13 44 theme dehydration/rehydration 1685:1707 arg1 processes 1709:1717 dehydration/rehydration processes 1685:1717 dehydration/rehydration processes 1685:1717 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes was also supported. 25098896 6 45 theme damaged 819:825 arg1 bacteria 845:852 damaged, viable, and dead bacteria 819:852 damaged, viable, and dead bacteria 819:852 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 9 46 theme cells 1212:1216 arg1 contribution 1188:1199 the lower contribution 1178:1199 the lower contribution of damaged cells 1178:1216 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 3 47 theme GOS 297:299 arg1 Biotempo 301:308 GOS Biotempo 297:308 GOS Biotempo 297:308 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 47 theme GOS 297:299 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 271:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 48 from changes 359:365 arg1 desorption 376:385 water desorption 370:385 water desorption 370:385 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 49 theme bulgaricus 155:164 arg1 CIDCA 166:170 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 155:174 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 155:174 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 13 50 theme lactulose 1657:1665 arg1 use 1642:1644 The use 1638:1644 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes 1638:1717 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes was also supported. 25098896 3 51 theme Oligo 322:326 arg1 H-70® 328:332 Oligo H-70® 322:332 Oligo H-70® 322:332 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 4 52 dep spectra 531:537 arg1 b 510:510 b 510:510 b 510:510 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 13 53 from processes 1709:1717 arg1 protectants 1670:1680 protectants 1670:1680 protectants 1670:1680 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes was also supported. 25098896 3 54 dep galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 arg1 Biotempo 301:308 GOS Biotempo 297:308 GOS Biotempo 297:308 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 54 dep galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 arg1 Cup 318:320 GOS Cup 314:320 GOS Cup 314:320 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 54 dep galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 271:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 4 55 dep absorbance 484:493 arg1 a 477:477 a 477:477 a 477:477 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 9 56 theme damaged 1204:1210 arg1 cells 1212:1216 damaged cells 1204:1216 damaged cells 1204:1216 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 6 57 theme relative 795:802 arg1 composition 804:814 the relative composition 791:814 the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics 791:883 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 9 58 theme lower 1182:1186 arg1 contribution 1188:1199 the lower contribution 1178:1199 the lower contribution of damaged cells 1178:1216 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 25098896 7 59 theme second 935:940 arg1 band 953:956 the second derivative band 931:956 the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm 931:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 8 60 theme Cup 1072:1074 arg1 > lactulose 1088:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose 1053:1098 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 8 60 theme Cup 1072:1074 arg1 efficiency 1019:1028 The efficiency 1015:1028 The efficiency of the protectants 1015:1047 The efficiency of the protectants was GOS Biotempo > GOS Cup Oligo H-70® > lactulose. 25098896 3 61 theme GOS 314:316 arg1 Cup 318:320 GOS Cup 314:320 GOS Cup 314:320 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 3 61 theme GOS 314:316 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 galacto-oligosaccharides 271:294 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) 271:333 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 4 62 theme bacterial 421:429 arg1 growth 431:436 bacterial growth 421:436 bacterial growth 421:436 After rehydration, bacterial growth was monitored at 37°C by determining: (a) the absorbance at 600 nm and (b) the near infrared spectra (NIR). 25098896 6 63 theme cytometry 683:691 arg1 assay 693:697 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay 660:697 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay 660:697 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 12 64 theme real 1585:1588 arg1 time 1590:1593 real time 1585:1593 real time 1585:1593 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 5 65 theme samples 622:628 arg1 spectra 611:617 the NIR spectra 603:617 the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions 603:657 Principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed on the NIR spectra of samples dehydrated in all conditions. 25098896 7 66 theme band 953:956 arg1 absorbance 890:899 The absorbance 886:899 The absorbance at 600 nm 886:909 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 7 66 theme band 953:956 arg1 position 919:926 the position 915:926 the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm 915:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 6 67 theme flow 678:681 arg1 cytometry 683:691 A multiparametric flow cytometry 660:691 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay 660:697 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 7 68 from absorbance 890:899 arg1 nm 967:968 ∼1370 nm 961:968 ∼1370 nm 961:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 7 69 from nm 967:968 arg1 absorbance 890:899 The absorbance 886:899 The absorbance at 600 nm 886:909 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 7 69 from nm 967:968 arg1 band 953:956 the second derivative band 931:956 the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm 931:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 7 69 from nm 967:968 arg1 position 919:926 the position 915:926 the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm 915:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 3 70 theme lactulose 339:347 arg1 presence 235:242 the presence 231:242 the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose 231:347 bulgaricus CIDCA 333 was dehydrated on desiccators containing silica gel in the presence of 20% w/w of two types of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS Biotempo and GOS Cup Oligo H-70®) and lactulose, until no changes in water desorption were detected. 25098896 7 71 theme derivative 942:951 arg1 band 953:956 the second derivative band 931:956 the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm 931:968 The absorbance at 600 nm and the position of the second derivative band at ∼1370 nm were plotted against the time of incubation. 25098896 12 72 theme reagents 1628:1635 arg1 need 1611:1614 the need 1607:1614 the need of chemical reagents 1607:1635 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 6 73 theme multiparametric 662:676 arg1 cytometry 683:691 A multiparametric flow cytometry 660:691 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay 660:697 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 6 74 theme bacteria 845:852 arg1 composition 804:814 the relative composition 791:814 the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics 791:883 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 0 75 theme Lactobacillus 77:89 arg1 subsp 103:107 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 77:107 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 77:107 Galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose as protectants against desiccation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 25098896 6 76 theme growth 869:874 arg1 kinetics 876:883 the growth kinetics 865:883 the growth kinetics 865:883 A multiparametric flow cytometry assay was carried out using carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide probes to determine the relative composition of damaged, viable, and dead bacteria throughout the growth kinetics. 25098896 13 77 from protectants 1670:1680 arg1 processes 1709:1717 dehydration/rehydration processes 1685:1717 dehydration/rehydration processes 1685:1717 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes was also supported. 25098896 13 78 theme GOS 1649:1651 arg1 use 1642:1644 The use 1638:1644 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes 1638:1717 The use of GOS and lactulose as protectants in dehydration/rehydration processes was also supported. 25098896 12 79 theme desiccated 1556:1565 arg1 microorganisms 1567:1580 desiccated microorganisms 1556:1580 desiccated microorganisms 1556:1580 The results obtained support the use of NIR to monitor the recovery of desiccated microorganisms in real time and without the need of chemical reagents. 25098896 9 80 theme Biotempo 1139:1146 arg1 capacity 1123:1130 The better protectant capacity 1101:1130 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo 1101:1146 The better protectant capacity of GOS Biotempo was explained on the basis of the lower contribution of damaged cells immediately after rehydration (t = 0). 29068034 4 0 theme acids 822:826 arg1 excretion 804:812 the excretion 800:812 the excretion of bile acids 800:826 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 3 1 theme RS 646:647 arg1 groups 649:654 the CO and RS groups 635:654 groups 649:654 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 5 2 from richness 1094:1101 arg1 community 1138:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 5 3 theme bacterial 1128:1136 arg1 community 1138:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 3 4 theme acid 671:674 arg1 composition 676:686 its fatty acid composition 661:686 its fatty acid composition 661:686 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 7 5 theme highest 1364:1370 arg1 abundance 1372:1380 the highest abundance 1360:1380 the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group 1360:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 5 6 theme gut 1124:1126 arg1 community 1138:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 1 7 theme current 187:193 arg1 study 195:199 The current study 183:199 The current study 183:199 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 7 8 theme Blautia 1401:1407 arg1 abundance 1372:1380 the highest abundance 1360:1380 the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group 1360:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 9 9 from influences 1965:1974 arg1 protection 2004:2013 gut protection 2000:2013 gut protection 2000:2013 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 5 10 from diversity 1107:1115 arg1 community 1138:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 the gut bacterial community 1120:1146 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 3 11 theme high-fat 560:567 arg1 diet 569:572 the high-fat diet 556:572 the high-fat diet 556:572 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 8 12 theme colon 1632:1636 arg1 tissue 1638:1643 colon tissue 1632:1643 colon tissue 1632:1643 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 6 13 theme CO-RS 1207:1211 arg1 intake 1213:1218 the CO-RS intake 1203:1218 the CO-RS intake 1203:1218 More importantly, the CO-RS intake significantly increased the abundance of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, indicating their potential use as prebiotics. 29068034 9 14 theme resulting 1820:1828 arg1 shift 1830:1834 The resulting shift 1816:1834 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer 1816:1942 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 6 15 theme Lactobacillus 1266:1278 arg1 abundance 1248:1256 the abundance 1244:1256 the abundance of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium 1244:1298 More importantly, the CO-RS intake significantly increased the abundance of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, indicating their potential use as prebiotics. 29068034 1 16 theme different 214:222 arg1 effects 224:230 the different effects 210:230 the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats 210:272 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 9 17 from shift 1830:1834 arg1 microbiome 1847:1856 the gut microbiome 1839:1856 the gut microbiome 1839:1856 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 9 17 from shift 1830:1834 arg1 production 1888:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 9 17 from shift 1830:1834 arg1 thickness 1913:1921 increased thickness 1903:1921 increased thickness of the mucosal layer 1903:1942 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 0 18 theme chito-oligosaccharide 129:149 arg1 complexes 172:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 5 19 theme amplified 1014:1022 arg1 rDNA 1027:1030 amplified V4 rDNA 1014:1030 amplified V4 rDNA 1014:1030 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 1 20 from effects 224:230 arg1 rats 269:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 7 21 located found 1456:1460 arg2 abundance 1372:1380 the highest abundance 1360:1380 the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group 1360:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 7 21 located found 1456:1460 arg1 study 1470:1474 this study 1465:1474 this study 1465:1474 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 7 22 theme fatty 1542:1546 arg1 SCFAs 1555:1559 SCFAs 1555:1559 SCFAs 1555:1559 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 7 22 theme fatty 1542:1546 arg1 acids 1548:1552 short-chain fatty acids 1530:1552 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1530:1560 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 9 23 theme gut 1843:1845 arg1 microbiome 1847:1856 the gut microbiome 1839:1856 the gut microbiome 1839:1856 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 3 24 theme lower 711:715 arg1 ∑UFA 717:720 a lower ∑UFA 709:720 a lower ∑UFA 709:720 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 0 25 theme resistant 155:163 arg1 complexes 172:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 8 26 theme supplemented 1669:1680 arg1 diet 1682:1685 the CO-RS supplemented diet 1659:1685 the CO-RS supplemented diet 1659:1685 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 5 27 theme fecal 983:987 arg1 profile 1000:1006 The fecal microbiota profile 979:1006 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA 979:1030 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 3 28 theme fecal 602:606 arg1 excretion 612:620 fecal fat excretion 602:620 fecal fat excretion 602:620 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 7 29 theme highest 1508:1514 arg1 production 1516:1525 the highest production 1504:1525 the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups 1504:1602 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 4 30 theme bile 913:916 arg1 acids 918:922 bile acids 913:922 bile acids 913:922 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 2 31 theme fecal 411:415 arg1 composition 421:431 fecal fat composition 411:431 fecal fat composition 411:431 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 0 32 with intervention 111:122 arg1 complexes 172:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 3 33 theme ∑SFA 733:736 arg1 levels 738:743 higher ∑SFA levels 726:743 higher ∑SFA levels 726:743 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 0 34 theme fecal 58:62 arg1 microbiota 64:73 fecal microbiota 58:73 fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats 58:99 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 1 35 theme RS 333:334 arg1 starch 325:330 resistant starch 315:330 resistant starch (RS group) 315:341 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 1 35 theme RS 333:334 arg1 group 336:340 RS group 333:340 RS group 333:340 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 0 36 theme fecal 20:24 arg1 composition 30:40 fecal fat composition 20:40 fecal fat composition 20:40 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 2 37 theme fecal 467:471 arg1 metabolites 473:483 fecal metabolites 467:483 fecal metabolites 467:483 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 6 38 theme potential 1318:1326 arg1 use 1328:1330 their potential use 1312:1330 their potential use as prebiotics 1312:1344 More importantly, the CO-RS intake significantly increased the abundance of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, indicating their potential use as prebiotics. 29068034 5 39 theme CO-RS 1059:1063 arg1 group 1065:1069 the CO-RS group 1055:1069 the CO-RS group 1055:1069 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 8 40 theme greater 1709:1715 arg1 degree 1717:1722 a greater degree 1707:1722 a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group 1707:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 0 41 theme diet 87:90 arg1 rats 96:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 7 42 theme animals 1589:1595 arg1 groups 1597:1602 all the animals groups 1581:1602 all the animals groups 1581:1602 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 4 43 theme cholesterol 896:906 arg1 conversion 882:891 a higher conversion 873:891 a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids 873:976 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 9 44 theme increased 1903:1911 arg1 thickness 1913:1921 increased thickness 1903:1921 increased thickness of the mucosal layer 1903:1942 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 6 45 theme Bifidobacterium 1284:1298 arg1 abundance 1248:1256 the abundance 1244:1256 the abundance of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium 1244:1298 More importantly, the CO-RS intake significantly increased the abundance of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, indicating their potential use as prebiotics. 29068034 5 46 from rats 1047:1050 arg1 group 1065:1069 the CO-RS group 1055:1069 the CO-RS group 1055:1069 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 8 47 theme mucosa 1744:1749 arg1 layer 1751:1755 the mucosa layer 1740:1755 the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group 1740:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 2 48 theme fat 417:419 arg1 composition 421:431 fecal fat composition 411:431 fecal fat composition 411:431 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 9 49 theme mucosal 1930:1936 arg1 layer 1938:1942 the mucosal layer 1926:1942 the mucosal layer 1926:1942 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 4 50 dep enhanced 791:798 arg1 associated 857:866 associated 857:866 might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids 848:976 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 4 51 theme enhanced 932:939 arg1 capacity 949:956 the enhanced binding capacity 928:956 the enhanced binding capacity 928:956 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 4 52 theme CO-RS 759:763 arg1 consumption 765:775 CO-RS consumption 759:775 CO-RS consumption 759:775 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 0 53 theme composition 30:40 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut 0:48 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 2 54 theme derived 438:444 arg1 microbiota 452:461 gut derived fecal microbiota 434:461 gut derived fecal microbiota 434:461 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 3 55 theme excretion 612:620 arg1 level 593:597 the highest level 581:597 the highest level of fecal fat excretion 581:620 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 0 56 theme gut 46:48 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut 0:48 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 5 57 theme increased 1084:1092 arg1 richness 1094:1101 richness 1094:1101 richness 1094:1101 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 8 58 from rats 1773:1776 arg1 group 1809:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 9 59 theme metabolite 1869:1878 arg1 production 1888:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 1 60 theme intervention 235:246 arg1 effects 224:230 the different effects 210:230 the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats 210:272 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 7 61 theme CO-RS 1435:1439 arg1 group 1441:1445 the CO-RS group 1431:1445 the CO-RS group 1431:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 9 62 theme consumption 1985:1995 arg1 influences 1965:1974 profound influences 1956:1974 profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection 1956:2013 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 3 63 dep led 574:576 arg1 followed 623:630 followed 623:630 followed by the CO and RS groups 623:654 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 1 64 theme high-fat 251:258 arg1 rats 269:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 7 65 dep Blautia 1401:1407 arg1 genus 1409:1413 Blautia genus 1401:1413 Blautia genus 1401:1413 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 9 66 theme gut 2000:2002 arg1 protection 2004:2013 gut protection 2000:2013 gut protection 2000:2013 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 1 67 theme fed 265:267 arg1 rats 269:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 4 68 theme bile 817:820 arg1 acids 822:826 bile acids 817:826 bile acids 817:826 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 9 69 theme profound 1956:1963 arg1 influences 1965:1974 profound influences 1956:1974 profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection 1956:2013 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 7 70 from production 1516:1525 arg1 colon 1569:1573 the colon 1565:1573 the colon among all the animals groups 1565:1602 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 7 71 theme Allobaculum 1385:1395 arg1 abundance 1372:1380 the highest abundance 1360:1380 the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group 1360:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 4 72 with capacity 949:956 arg1 acids 972:976 the bile acids 963:976 the bile acids 963:976 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 3 73 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 composition 676:686 its fatty acid composition 661:686 its fatty acid composition 661:686 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 8 74 theme untreated 1785:1793 arg1 group 1809:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 8 75 theme histological 1607:1618 arg1 analysis 1620:1627 A histological analysis 1605:1627 A histological analysis of colon tissue 1605:1643 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 8 76 theme diet 1804:1807 arg1 group 1809:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 7 77 theme acids 1548:1552 arg1 production 1516:1525 the highest production 1504:1525 the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups 1504:1602 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 8 78 theme tissue 1638:1643 arg1 analysis 1620:1627 A histological analysis 1605:1627 A histological analysis of colon tissue 1605:1643 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 7 79 theme short-chain 1530:1540 arg1 SCFAs 1555:1559 SCFAs 1555:1559 SCFAs 1555:1559 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 7 79 theme short-chain 1530:1540 arg1 acids 1548:1552 short-chain fatty acids 1530:1552 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1530:1560 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 0 80 from microbiota 64:73 arg1 rats 96:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 3 81 theme higher 726:731 arg1 levels 738:743 higher ∑SFA levels 726:743 higher ∑SFA levels 726:743 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 0 82 theme starch 165:170 arg1 complexes 172:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes 129:180 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 5 83 theme V4 1024:1025 arg1 rDNA 1027:1030 amplified V4 rDNA 1014:1030 amplified V4 rDNA 1014:1030 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 8 84 theme CO-RS 1663:1667 arg1 diet 1682:1685 the CO-RS supplemented diet 1659:1685 the CO-RS supplemented diet 1659:1685 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 9 85 theme increased 1859:1867 arg1 production 1888:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 5 86 theme microbiota 989:998 arg1 profile 1000:1006 The fecal microbiota profile 979:1006 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA 979:1030 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 3 87 theme highest 585:591 arg1 level 593:597 the highest level 581:597 the highest level of fecal fat excretion 581:620 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 0 88 theme high-fat 78:85 arg1 rats 96:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 2 89 dep derived 438:444 arg1 gut 434:436 gut 434:436 gut 434:436 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 7 90 from abundance 1372:1380 arg1 feces 1422:1426 the feces 1418:1426 the feces of the CO-RS group 1418:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 8 91 theme high-fat 1795:1802 arg1 group 1809:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 the untreated high-fat diet group 1781:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 3 92 from supplementation 526:540 arg1 diet 569:572 the high-fat diet 556:572 the high-fat diet 556:572 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 0 93 theme fed 92:94 arg1 rats 96:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 high-fat diet fed rats 78:99 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 8 94 theme layer 1751:1755 arg1 thickness 1727:1735 thickness 1727:1735 thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group 1727:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 4 95 theme higher 875:880 arg1 conversion 882:891 a higher conversion 873:891 a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids 873:976 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 2 96 link derived 438:444 arg1 microbiota 452:461 gut derived fecal microbiota 434:461 gut derived fecal microbiota 434:461 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 1 97 theme CO-RS 364:368 arg1 complexes 353:361 their complexes 347:361 their complexes (CO-RS group) 347:375 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 1 97 theme CO-RS 364:368 arg1 group 370:374 CO-RS group 364:374 CO-RS group 364:374 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 8 98 theme thickness 1727:1735 arg1 degree 1717:1722 a greater degree 1707:1722 a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group 1707:1813 A histological analysis of colon tissue revealed that the CO-RS supplemented diet was associated with a greater degree of thickness of the mucosa layer compared to the rats in the untreated high-fat diet group. 29068034 0 99 theme fat 26:28 arg1 composition 30:40 fecal fat composition 20:40 fecal fat composition 20:40 Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. 29068034 1 100 theme CO 304:305 arg1 group 307:311 CO group 304:311 CO group 304:311 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 1 100 theme CO 304:305 arg1 chito-oligosaccharides 280:301 chito-oligosaccharides 280:301 chito-oligosaccharides (CO group) 280:312 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 4 101 theme bile 967:970 arg1 acids 972:976 the bile acids 963:976 the bile acids 963:976 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 9 102 theme layer 1938:1942 arg1 microbiome 1847:1856 the gut microbiome 1839:1856 the gut microbiome 1839:1856 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 9 102 theme layer 1938:1942 arg1 production 1888:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 increased metabolite (SCFAs) production 1859:1897 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 9 102 theme layer 1938:1942 arg1 thickness 1913:1921 increased thickness 1903:1921 increased thickness of the mucosal layer 1903:1942 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 2 103 theme fecal 446:450 arg1 microbiota 452:461 gut derived fecal microbiota 434:461 gut derived fecal microbiota 434:461 Properties such as fecal fat composition, gut derived fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites were investigated. 29068034 3 104 theme fat 608:610 arg1 excretion 612:620 fecal fat excretion 602:620 fecal fat excretion 602:620 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 5 105 theme high-fat 1164:1171 arg1 group 1178:1182 the high-fat diet group 1160:1182 the high-fat diet group 1160:1182 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 29068034 3 106 with supplementation 526:540 arg1 CO-RS 547:551 CO-RS 547:551 CO-RS 547:551 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 1 107 theme resistant 315:323 arg1 starch 325:330 resistant starch 315:330 resistant starch (RS group) 315:341 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 1 107 theme resistant 315:323 arg1 group 336:340 RS group 333:340 RS group 333:340 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 4 108 with acids 918:922 arg1 acids 972:976 the bile acids 963:976 the bile acids 963:976 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 4 109 theme binding 941:947 arg1 capacity 949:956 the enhanced binding capacity 928:956 the enhanced binding capacity 928:956 Furthermore, CO-RS consumption significantly enhanced the excretion of bile acids in the feces, which might be associated with a higher conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and the enhanced binding capacity with the bile acids. 29068034 3 110 theme CO 639:640 arg1 groups 649:654 the CO and RS groups 635:654 groups 649:654 The results show that supplementation with CO-RS in the high-fat diet led to the highest level of fecal fat excretion, followed by the CO and RS groups, and its fatty acid composition was characterized by a lower ∑UFA and higher ∑SFA levels. 29068034 9 111 theme CO-RS 1979:1983 arg1 consumption 1985:1995 CO-RS consumption 1979:1995 CO-RS consumption 1979:1995 The resulting shift in the gut microbiome, increased metabolite (SCFAs) production and increased thickness of the mucosal layer may provide profound influences of CO-RS consumption on gut protection. 29068034 7 112 theme group 1441:1445 arg1 feces 1422:1426 the feces 1418:1426 the feces of the CO-RS group 1418:1445 Furthermore, the highest abundance of Allobaculum and Blautia genus in the feces of the CO-RS group was also found in this study, which is highly related to the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon among all the animals groups. 29068034 1 113 theme diet 260:263 arg1 rats 269:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 high-fat diet fed rats 251:272 The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO-RS group), respectively. 29068034 5 114 theme diet 1173:1176 arg1 group 1178:1182 the high-fat diet group 1160:1182 the high-fat diet group 1160:1182 The fecal microbiota profile using amplified V4 rDNA suggested that rats in the CO-RS group developed an increased richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community compared to the high-fat diet group. 25263892 9 0 theme entire 1266:1271 arg1 range 1285:1289 the entire temperature range 1262:1289 the entire temperature range 1262:1289 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 8 1 theme XRD 980:982 arg1 studies 999:1005 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies 973:1005 studies 999:1005 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 25263892 1 2 theme starch 136:141 arg1 rheology 111:118 rheology 111:118 rheology 111:118 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 1 2 theme starch 136:141 arg1 spinning 124:131 spinning 124:131 spinning 124:131 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 9 3 theme storage 1080:1086 arg1 results 1195:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 3 theme storage 1080:1086 arg1 modulus 1088:1094 The storage modulus 1076:1094 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch 1076:1112 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 3 theme storage 1080:1086 arg1 function 1137:1144 a function 1135:1144 a function of temperature (30-150°C) 1135:1170 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 0 4 theme ethylene 67:74 arg1 poly 62:65 starch-loaded poly 48:65 starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) 48:81 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 0 4 theme ethylene 67:74 arg1 oxide 76:80 ethylene oxide 67:80 ethylene oxide 67:80 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 8 5 theme good 1022:1025 arg1 miscibility 1027:1037 very good miscibility 1017:1037 very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres 1017:1073 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 25263892 8 6 theme microscopy 988:997 arg1 studies 999:1005 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies 973:1005 studies 999:1005 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 25263892 3 7 located found 423:427 arg1 mixtures 451:458 all the PEO-starch mixtures 432:458 all the PEO-starch mixtures 432:458 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 3 7 located found 423:427 arg2 behaviour 410:418 non-Newtonian behaviour 396:418 non-Newtonian behaviour 396:418 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 2 8 theme spinning 248:255 arg1 dope 257:260 The spinning dope's 244:262 The spinning dope's rheological properties 244:285 The spinning dope's rheological properties played a crucial role in fibre formation. 25263892 5 9 theme gyration 692:699 arg1 system 701:706 the gyration system 688:706 the gyration system 688:706 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 6 10 theme working 765:771 arg1 pressure 773:780 a certain working pressure 755:780 a certain working pressure 755:780 Fibre formation can only be facilitated below a certain working pressure. 25263892 2 11 theme fibre 312:316 arg1 formation 318:326 fibre formation 312:326 fibre formation 312:326 The spinning dope's rheological properties played a crucial role in fibre formation. 25263892 7 12 theme PEO-starch 818:827 arg1 mixtures 829:836 the PEO-starch mixtures 814:836 the PEO-starch mixtures 814:836 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 5 13 theme system 701:706 arg1 diameter 580:587 The fibre diameter 570:587 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples 570:613 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 13 theme system 701:706 arg1 function 632:639 a function 630:639 a function of polymer concentration 630:664 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 13 theme system 701:706 arg1 speed 679:683 rotating speed 670:683 rotating speed of the gyration system 670:706 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 9 14 theme general 1237:1243 arg1 trends 1245:1250 general trends 1237:1250 general trends valid for the entire temperature range 1237:1289 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 6 15 theme certain 757:763 arg1 pressure 773:780 a certain working pressure 755:780 a certain working pressure 755:780 Fibre formation can only be facilitated below a certain working pressure. 25263892 1 16 theme starch-loaded 147:159 arg1 poly 161:164 starch-loaded poly 147:164 starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 147:186 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 1 16 theme starch-loaded 147:159 arg1 oxide 175:179 ethylene oxide 166:179 ethylene oxide 166:179 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 1 16 theme starch-loaded 147:159 arg1 PEO 183:185 PEO 183:185 PEO 183:185 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 0 17 theme starch 37:42 arg1 Rheology 0:7 Rheology 0:7 Rheology 0:7 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 0 17 theme starch 37:42 arg1 gyration 25:32 pressurised gyration 13:32 pressurised gyration 13:32 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 0 17 theme starch 37:42 arg1 poly 62:65 starch-loaded poly 48:65 starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) 48:81 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 0 17 theme starch 37:42 arg1 oxide 76:80 ethylene oxide 67:80 ethylene oxide 67:80 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 3 18 theme non-Newtonian 396:408 arg1 behaviour 410:418 non-Newtonian behaviour 396:418 non-Newtonian behaviour 396:418 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 9 19 theme valid 1252:1256 arg1 trends 1245:1250 general trends 1237:1250 general trends valid for the entire temperature range 1237:1289 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 5 20 theme samples 607:613 arg1 function 632:639 a function 630:639 a function of polymer concentration 630:664 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 20 theme samples 607:613 arg1 diameter 580:587 The fibre diameter 570:587 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples 570:613 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 3 21 theme starch 373:378 arg1 suspensions 380:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 8 22 theme FT-IR 973:977 arg1 studies 999:1005 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies 973:1005 studies 999:1005 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 25263892 2 23 theme rheological 264:274 arg1 properties 276:285 The spinning dope's rheological properties 244:285 The spinning dope's rheological properties 244:285 The spinning dope's rheological properties played a crucial role in fibre formation. 25263892 1 24 theme ethylene 166:173 arg1 poly 161:164 starch-loaded poly 147:164 starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 147:186 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 1 24 theme ethylene 166:173 arg1 oxide 175:179 ethylene oxide 166:179 ethylene oxide 166:179 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 3 25 theme Newtonian 329:337 arg1 behaviour 339:347 Newtonian behaviour 329:347 Newtonian behaviour 329:347 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 9 26 theme temperature 1149:1159 arg1 results 1195:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 26 theme temperature 1149:1159 arg1 modulus 1088:1094 The storage modulus 1076:1094 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch 1076:1112 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 26 theme temperature 1149:1159 arg1 function 1137:1144 a function 1135:1144 a function of temperature (30-150°C) 1135:1170 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 7 27 theme starch 804:809 arg1 concentration 787:799 The concentration 783:799 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures 783:836 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 7 27 theme starch 804:809 arg1 crucial 841:847 crucial 841:847 crucial 841:847 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 0 28 theme pressurised 13:23 arg1 gyration 25:32 pressurised gyration 13:32 pressurised gyration 13:32 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 4 29 theme PEO-starch 532:541 arg1 mixtures 543:550 PEO-starch mixtures 532:550 PEO-starch mixtures 532:550 Pressurised gyration of the starch suspensions produced beads only but PEO-starch mixtures generated fibres. 25263892 5 30 theme rotating 670:677 arg1 speed 679:683 rotating speed 670:683 rotating speed of the gyration system 670:706 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 3 31 theme wt 369:370 arg1 suspensions 380:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 9 32 theme temperature 1273:1283 arg1 range 1285:1289 the entire temperature range 1262:1289 the entire temperature range 1262:1289 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 7 33 theme beaded 869:874 arg1 fibres 890:895 beaded or continuous fibres 869:895 beaded or continuous fibres 869:895 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 6 34 theme Fibre 709:713 arg1 formation 715:723 Fibre formation 709:723 Fibre formation 709:723 Fibre formation can only be facilitated below a certain working pressure. 25263892 3 35 theme % 371:371 arg1 suspensions 380:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 4 36 theme starch 489:494 arg1 suspensions 496:506 the starch suspensions 485:506 the starch suspensions 485:506 Pressurised gyration of the starch suspensions produced beads only but PEO-starch mixtures generated fibres. 25263892 8 37 theme starch 1042:1047 arg1 miscibility 1027:1037 very good miscibility 1017:1037 very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres 1017:1073 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 25263892 7 38 from concentration 787:799 arg1 mixtures 829:836 the PEO-starch mixtures 814:836 the PEO-starch mixtures 814:836 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 0 39 theme starch-loaded 48:60 arg1 poly 62:65 starch-loaded poly 48:65 starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) 48:81 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 0 39 theme starch-loaded 48:60 arg1 oxide 76:80 ethylene oxide 67:80 ethylene oxide 67:80 Rheology and pressurised gyration of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide). 25263892 3 40 theme PEO-starch 440:449 arg1 mixtures 451:458 all the PEO-starch mixtures 432:458 all the PEO-starch mixtures 432:458 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 9 41 theme interesting 1183:1193 arg1 results 1195:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 41 theme interesting 1183:1193 arg1 modulus 1088:1094 The storage modulus 1076:1094 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch 1076:1112 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 41 theme interesting 1183:1193 arg1 function 1137:1144 a function 1135:1144 a function of temperature (30-150°C) 1135:1170 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 8 42 theme PEO 1053:1055 arg1 miscibility 1027:1037 very good miscibility 1017:1037 very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres 1017:1073 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 25263892 3 43 located observed 352:359 arg1 suspensions 380:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 1-20 wt% starch suspensions 364:390 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 3 43 located observed 352:359 arg2 behaviour 339:347 Newtonian behaviour 329:347 Newtonian behaviour 329:347 Newtonian behaviour is observed in 1-20 wt% starch suspensions and non-Newtonian behaviour is found in all the PEO-starch mixtures. 25263892 5 44 theme PEO-starch 596:605 arg1 samples 607:613 the PEO-starch samples 592:613 the PEO-starch samples 592:613 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 7 45 theme spinning 958:965 arg1 dope 967:970 the spinning dope 954:970 the spinning dope 954:970 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 2 46 theme crucial 296:302 arg1 role 304:307 a crucial role 294:307 a crucial role 294:307 The spinning dope's rheological properties played a crucial role in fibre formation. 25263892 4 47 theme suspensions 496:506 arg1 gyration 473:480 Pressurised gyration 461:480 Pressurised gyration of the starch suspensions 461:506 Pressurised gyration of the starch suspensions produced beads only but PEO-starch mixtures generated fibres. 25263892 5 48 theme polymer 644:650 arg1 concentration 652:664 polymer concentration 644:664 polymer concentration 644:664 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 49 theme fibre 574:578 arg1 function 632:639 a function 630:639 a function of polymer concentration 630:664 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 49 theme fibre 574:578 arg1 diameter 580:587 The fibre diameter 570:587 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples 570:613 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 7 50 theme continuous 879:888 arg1 fibres 890:895 beaded or continuous fibres 869:895 beaded or continuous fibres 869:895 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 5 51 theme concentration 652:664 arg1 diameter 580:587 The fibre diameter 570:587 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples 570:613 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 51 theme concentration 652:664 arg1 function 632:639 a function 630:639 a function of polymer concentration 630:664 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 5 51 theme concentration 652:664 arg1 speed 679:683 rotating speed 670:683 rotating speed of the gyration system 670:706 The fibre diameter of the PEO-starch samples is shown to be a function of polymer concentration and rotating speed of the gyration system. 25263892 1 52 dep rheology 111:118 arg1 the 107:109 the 107:109 the 107:109 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 7 53 theme dope 967:970 arg1 composition 939:949 the composition 935:949 the composition of the spinning dope 935:970 The concentration of starch in the PEO-starch mixtures is crucial in defining whether beaded or continuous fibres were generated and this is related to the composition of the spinning dope. 25263892 1 54 theme poly 161:164 arg1 rheology 111:118 rheology 111:118 rheology 111:118 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 1 54 theme poly 161:164 arg1 spinning 124:131 spinning 124:131 spinning 124:131 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 1 55 theme pressurised 191:201 arg1 gyration 203:210 pressurised gyration 191:210 pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres 191:241 This work investigates the rheology and spinning of starch and starch-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by pressurised gyration in order to prepare nanofibres. 25263892 4 56 theme Pressurised 461:471 arg1 gyration 473:480 Pressurised gyration 461:480 Pressurised gyration of the starch suspensions 461:506 Pressurised gyration of the starch suspensions produced beads only but PEO-starch mixtures generated fibres. 25263892 9 57 theme PEO-starch 1103:1112 arg1 results 1195:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 interesting results 1183:1201 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 57 theme PEO-starch 1103:1112 arg1 modulus 1088:1094 The storage modulus 1076:1094 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch 1076:1112 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 9 57 theme PEO-starch 1103:1112 arg1 function 1137:1144 a function 1135:1144 a function of temperature (30-150°C) 1135:1170 The storage modulus of the PEO-starch were also studied as a function of temperature (30-150°C) and showed interesting results but it was not possible to deduce general trends valid for the entire temperature range. 25263892 8 58 from miscibility 1027:1037 arg1 nanofibres 1064:1073 the nanofibres 1060:1073 the nanofibres 1060:1073 FT-IR, XRD and microscopy studies indicated very good miscibility of starch and PEO in the nanofibres. 26616479 4 0 theme NPs 795:797 arg1 suspension 799:808 chitosan-ICS NPs suspension 782:808 chitosan-ICS NPs suspension 782:808 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 3 1 theme NPs 683:685 arg1 composition 668:678 the composition 664:678 the composition of NPs 664:685 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 0 2 theme iron 76:79 arg1 delivery 64:71 the liquid oral delivery 48:71 the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement 48:126 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 5 3 theme ICS 1030:1032 arg1 mixture 1006:1012 physical mixture 997:1012 physical mixture of chitosan and ICS 997:1032 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 3 4 theme positive 623:630 arg1 charge 632:637 positive charge 623:637 positive charge (+30-60 mV) 623:649 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 3 4 theme positive 623:630 arg1 +30-60 mV 640:648 +30-60 mV 640:648 +30-60 mV 640:648 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 1 5 theme liquid 159:164 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 1 6 theme storage 249:255 arg1 period 239:244 a long period 232:244 a long period of storage 232:255 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 1 7 theme other 332:336 arg1 preparations 343:354 any other iron preparations 328:354 any other iron preparations 328:354 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 4 8 theme w/v 710:712 arg1 PEG400 700:705 PEG400 700:705 PEG400 700:705 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 4 8 theme w/v 710:712 arg1 % 714:714 2 w/v % 708:714 2 w/v % 708:714 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 7 9 theme liquid 1295:1300 arg1 system 1321:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system 1293:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1293:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 5 10 from NPs 894:896 arg1 7-weeks 866:872 7-weeks 866:872 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs 866:896 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 2 11 theme coacervation 497:508 arg1 method 510:515 complex coacervation method 489:515 complex coacervation method 489:515 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 1 12 theme iron 338:341 arg1 preparations 343:354 any other iron preparations 328:354 any other iron preparations 328:354 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 4 13 theme suspension 799:808 arg1 stability 769:777 physical stability 760:777 physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension 760:808 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 4 13 theme suspension 799:808 arg1 potential 736:744 the zeta potential 727:744 the zeta potential (26-50 %) 727:754 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 4 13 theme suspension 799:808 arg1 % 753:753 26-50 % 747:753 26-50 % 747:753 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 7 14 theme iron 1332:1335 arg1 patients 1348:1355 iron deficiency patients 1332:1355 iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1332:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 2 15 theme complex 489:495 arg1 coacervation 497:508 complex coacervation 489:508 complex coacervation method 489:515 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 5 16 theme physical 997:1004 arg1 mixture 1006:1012 physical mixture 997:1012 physical mixture of chitosan and ICS 997:1032 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 4 17 theme physical 760:767 arg1 stability 769:777 physical stability 760:777 physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension 760:808 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 0 18 with delivery 64:71 arg1 bioavailability 86:100 bioavailability 86:100 bioavailability 86:100 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 0 18 with delivery 64:71 arg1 enhancement 116:126 stability enhancement 106:126 stability enhancement 106:126 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 5 19 theme 4 °C. 888:892 arg1 NPs 894:896 4 °C. NPs 888:896 4 °C. NPs 888:896 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 5 20 from permeability 921:932 arg1 up 957:958 Caco-2 cell up 945:958 Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold 945:972 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 1 21 theme oral 166:169 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 0 22 theme stability 106:114 arg1 enhancement 116:126 stability enhancement 106:126 stability enhancement 106:126 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 7 23 theme deficiency 1337:1346 arg1 patients 1348:1355 iron deficiency patients 1332:1355 iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1332:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 2 24 theme iron 433:436 arg1 bioavailability 414:428 the bioavailability 410:428 the bioavailability of iron 410:436 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 2 25 theme chemical 372:379 arg1 stability 381:389 the chemical stability 368:389 the chemical stability of ICS 368:396 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 0 26 theme casein 5:10 arg1 succinylate-chitosan 12:31 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan 0:31 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan 0:31 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 7 27 theme oral 1302:1305 arg1 system 1321:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system 1293:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1293:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 0 28 theme Iron 0:3 arg1 succinylate-chitosan 12:31 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan 0:31 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan 0:31 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 6 29 theme iron 1166:1169 arg1 transport 1153:1161 the transport 1149:1161 the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model 1149:1226 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 26616479 1 30 theme iron 186:189 arg1 supplement 191:200 iron supplement 186:200 iron supplement 186:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 2 31 theme polyethylene 537:548 arg1 PEG 558:560 PEG 558:560 PEG 558:560 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 2 31 theme polyethylene 537:548 arg1 glycol 550:555 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 537:565 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 537:565 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 6 32 theme physicochemical 1110:1124 arg1 stability 1126:1134 the physicochemical stability 1106:1134 the physicochemical stability 1106:1134 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 26616479 4 33 theme chitosan-ICS 782:793 arg1 suspension 799:808 chitosan-ICS NPs suspension 782:808 chitosan-ICS NPs suspension 782:808 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 3 34 dep spherical 577:585 arg1 diameter 593:600 mean diameter 588:600 mean diameter of 830-1070 nm 588:615 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 7 35 theme iron 1307:1310 arg1 system 1321:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system 1293:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1293:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 7 36 theme delivery 1312:1319 arg1 system 1321:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system 1293:1326 a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1293:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 4 37 theme PEG400 700:705 arg1 Addition 688:695 Addition 688:695 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) 688:715 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 2 38 theme ICS 394:396 arg1 stability 381:389 the chemical stability 368:389 the chemical stability of ICS 368:396 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 6 39 theme iron 1189:1192 arg1 preparations 1194:1205 other iron preparations 1183:1205 other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model 1183:1226 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 26616479 1 40 theme uncomfortable 206:218 arg1 taste 220:224 uncomfortable taste 206:224 uncomfortable taste 206:224 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 1 41 theme poor 287:290 arg1 bioavailability 292:306 poor bioavailability 287:306 poor bioavailability of iron 287:314 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 5 42 theme iron 937:940 arg1 permeability 921:932 the permeability 917:932 the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold 917:972 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 7 43 theme promising 1270:1278 arg1 candidate 1280:1288 a promising candidate 1268:1288 a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1268:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 7 43 theme promising 1270:1278 arg1 coacervate 1248:1257 chitosan-ICS coacervate 1235:1257 chitosan-ICS coacervate 1235:1257 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 7 44 dep stability 1362:1370 arg1 enhancement 1392:1402 enhancement 1392:1402 enhancement 1392:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 0 45 theme oral 59:62 arg1 delivery 64:71 the liquid oral delivery 48:71 the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement 48:126 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 5 46 theme iron 1048:1051 arg1 permeability 1053:1064 the iron permeability 1044:1064 the iron permeability 1044:1064 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 6 47 theme cell 1217:1220 arg1 model 1222:1226 Caco-2 cell model 1210:1226 Caco-2 cell model 1210:1226 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 26616479 3 48 theme 830-1070 nm 605:615 arg1 diameter 593:600 mean diameter 588:600 mean diameter of 830-1070 nm 588:615 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 5 49 theme iron 831:834 arg1 release 836:842 iron release 831:842 iron release 831:842 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 0 50 theme liquid 52:57 arg1 delivery 64:71 the liquid oral delivery 48:71 the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement 48:126 Iron casein succinylate-chitosan coacervate for the liquid oral delivery of iron with bioavailability and stability enhancement. 26616479 6 51 theme Caco-2 1210:1215 arg1 model 1222:1226 Caco-2 cell model 1210:1226 Caco-2 cell model 1210:1226 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 26616479 5 52 theme cell 952:955 arg1 up 957:958 Caco-2 cell up 945:958 Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold 945:972 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 5 53 theme Caco-2 945:950 arg1 up 957:958 Caco-2 cell up 945:958 Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold 945:972 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 1 54 theme Iron 129:132 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 1 55 theme iron 311:314 arg1 bioavailability 292:306 poor bioavailability 287:306 poor bioavailability of iron 287:314 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 6 56 theme other 1183:1187 arg1 preparations 1194:1205 other iron preparations 1183:1205 other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model 1183:1226 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 26616479 3 57 theme mean 588:591 arg1 diameter 593:600 mean diameter 588:600 mean diameter of 830-1070 nm 588:615 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 1 58 theme casein 134:139 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 7 59 with patients 1348:1355 arg1 bioavailability 1376:1390 bioavailability 1376:1390 bioavailability 1376:1390 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 7 59 with patients 1348:1355 arg1 stability 1362:1370 stability 1362:1370 stability 1362:1370 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 1 60 contain has 202:204 arg2 taste 220:224 uncomfortable taste 206:224 uncomfortable taste 206:224 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 1 60 contain has 202:204 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 5 61 theme storage 877:883 arg1 7-weeks 866:872 7-weeks 866:872 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs 866:896 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 1 62 theme succinylate 141:151 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 3 63 with spherical 577:585 arg1 charge 632:637 positive charge 623:637 positive charge (+30-60 mV) 623:649 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 3 63 with spherical 577:585 arg1 +30-60 mV 640:648 +30-60 mV 640:648 +30-60 mV 640:648 NPs were spherical (mean diameter of 830-1070 nm) with positive charge (+30-60 mV) depending on the composition of NPs. 26616479 7 64 theme chitosan-ICS 1235:1246 arg1 candidate 1280:1288 a promising candidate 1268:1288 a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement 1268:1402 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 7 64 theme chitosan-ICS 1235:1246 arg1 coacervate 1248:1257 chitosan-ICS coacervate 1235:1257 chitosan-ICS coacervate 1235:1257 Thus, chitosan-ICS coacervate might be a promising candidate as a liquid oral iron delivery system for iron deficiency patients with stability and bioavailability enhancement. 26616479 1 65 theme long 234:237 arg1 period 239:244 a long period 232:244 a long period of storage 232:255 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 2 66 theme chitosan-ICS 439:450 arg1 NPs 467:469 NPs 467:469 NPs 467:469 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 2 66 theme chitosan-ICS 439:450 arg1 nanoparticles 452:464 chitosan-ICS nanoparticles 439:464 chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) 439:470 To improve the chemical stability of ICS and enhance the bioavailability of iron, chitosan-ICS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by complex coacervation method and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. 26616479 5 67 theme chitosan 1017:1024 arg1 mixture 1006:1012 physical mixture 997:1012 physical mixture of chitosan and ICS 997:1032 Also, NPs decreased iron release compared to ICS after 7-weeks of storage at 4 °C. NPs markedly increased the permeability of iron in Caco-2 cell up to 32-38-fold compared to ICS, while physical mixture of chitosan and ICS increased the iron permeability only 2.5-fold. 26616479 4 68 theme zeta 731:734 arg1 potential 736:744 the zeta potential 727:744 the zeta potential (26-50 %) 727:754 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 4 68 theme zeta 731:734 arg1 % 753:753 26-50 % 747:753 26-50 % 747:753 Addition of PEG400 (2 w/v %) increased the zeta potential (26-50 %) and physical stability of chitosan-ICS NPs suspension. 26616479 1 69 theme ICS 154:156 arg1 preparation 171:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation 129:181 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement 129:200 Iron casein succinylate (ICS) liquid oral preparation as iron supplement has uncomfortable taste after a long period of storage because of its stability, and poor bioavailability of iron compared to any other iron preparations. 26616479 6 70 from preparations 1194:1205 arg1 model 1222:1226 Caco-2 cell model 1210:1226 Caco-2 cell model 1210:1226 In summary, NPs improved the physicochemical stability and enhanced the transport of iron compared to other iron preparations in Caco-2 cell model. 28325319 5 0 theme tissue 729:734 arg1 regeneration 736:747 tissue regeneration 729:747 tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites 729:769 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 7 1 dep % 981:981 arg1 activity 1007:1014 activity 1007:1014 activity 1007:1014 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites exhibited 90%, 87.4%, 94.3% and 90.9% activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter freundii, respectively. 28325319 1 2 theme ideal 161:165 arg1 material 182:189 an ideal wound dressing material 158:189 an ideal wound dressing material 158:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 6 3 theme successful 856:865 arg1 impregnation 867:878 the successful impregnation 852:878 the successful impregnation of nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose 852:920 Characterization techniques confirmed the successful impregnation of nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose. 28325319 0 4 theme burn 77:80 arg1 wounds 82:87 burn wounds 77:87 burn wounds 77:87 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites as a novel dressing system for burn wounds. 28325319 8 5 theme nanocomposites 1159:1172 arg1 animals 1182:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 1 6 theme wound 167:171 arg1 material 182:189 an ideal wound dressing material 158:189 an ideal wound dressing material 158:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 8 7 theme treated 1174:1180 arg1 animals 1182:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 2 8 theme inherent 295:302 arg1 healing 310:316 inherent wound healing 295:316 the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose 291:355 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 10 9 theme dressing 1413:1420 arg1 material 1422:1429 a novel dressing material 1405:1429 a novel dressing material for burns 1405:1439 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 10 9 theme dressing 1413:1420 arg1 nanocomposites 1381:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 4 10 theme common 676:681 arg1 pathogens 688:696 common burn pathogens 676:696 common burn pathogens 676:696 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 3 11 theme various 544:550 arg1 techniques 569:578 various characterization techniques 544:578 various characterization techniques 544:578 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 10 12 theme bacterial 1350:1358 arg1 material 1422:1429 a novel dressing material 1405:1429 a novel dressing material for burns 1405:1439 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 10 12 theme bacterial 1350:1358 arg1 nanocomposites 1381:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 2 13 theme antimicrobial 361:373 arg1 properties 375:384 antimicrobial properties 361:384 antimicrobial properties 361:384 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 5 14 theme in-vivo 703:709 arg1 healing 717:723 The in-vivo wound healing 699:723 The in-vivo wound healing 699:723 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 3 15 theme cellulose 505:513 arg1 sheets 515:520 bacterial cellulose sheets 495:520 bacterial cellulose sheets 495:520 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 1 16 theme dressing 173:180 arg1 material 182:189 an ideal wound dressing material 158:189 an ideal wound dressing material 158:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 5 17 theme wound 711:715 arg1 healing 717:723 The in-vivo wound healing 699:723 The in-vivo wound healing 699:723 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 8 18 theme Bacterial 1128:1136 arg1 nanocomposites 1159:1172 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1128:1172 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 1 19 theme biomedical 237:246 arg1 applications 248:259 its biomedical applications 233:259 its biomedical applications 233:259 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 1 20 theme material 182:189 arg1 properties 144:153 physical and mechanical properties 120:153 physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material 120:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 0 21 theme cellulose-zinc 10:23 arg1 oxide 25:29 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide 0:29 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide 0:29 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites as a novel dressing system for burn wounds. 28325319 7 22 theme Bacterial 923:931 arg1 nanocomposites 954:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 923:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 923:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites exhibited 90%, 87.4%, 94.3% and 90.9% activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter freundii, respectively. 28325319 6 23 theme bacterial 902:910 arg1 cellulose 912:920 bacterial cellulose 902:920 bacterial cellulose 902:920 Characterization techniques confirmed the successful impregnation of nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose. 28325319 0 24 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 oxide 25:29 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide 0:29 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide 0:29 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites as a novel dressing system for burn wounds. 28325319 4 25 theme cellulose-zinc 621:634 arg1 nanocomposites 642:655 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 611:655 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 611:655 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 8 26 theme oxide 1153:1157 arg1 nanocomposites 1159:1172 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1128:1172 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 1 27 theme Bacterial 90:98 arg1 cellulose 100:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 2 28 theme nanoparticles 400:412 arg1 characteristics 318:332 the inherent wound healing characteristics 291:332 the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose 291:355 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 2 28 theme nanoparticles 400:412 arg1 properties 375:384 antimicrobial properties 361:384 antimicrobial properties 361:384 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 4 29 theme burn 683:686 arg1 pathogens 688:696 common burn pathogens 676:696 common burn pathogens 676:696 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 4 30 theme bacterial 611:619 arg1 nanocomposites 642:655 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 611:655 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 611:655 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 5 31 theme burn 791:794 arg1 model 807:811 burn BALBc mice model 791:811 burn BALBc mice model 791:811 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 6 32 theme nanoparticles 883:895 arg1 impregnation 867:878 the successful impregnation 852:878 the successful impregnation of nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose 852:920 Characterization techniques confirmed the successful impregnation of nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose. 28325319 2 33 theme healing 310:316 arg1 characteristics 318:332 the inherent wound healing characteristics 291:332 the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose 291:355 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 9 34 theme histological 1237:1248 arg1 analysis 1250:1257 The histological analysis 1233:1257 The histological analysis 1233:1257 The histological analysis revealed fine tissue regeneration in composites treated group. 28325319 3 35 theme bacterial 495:503 arg1 sheets 515:520 bacterial cellulose sheets 495:520 bacterial cellulose sheets 495:520 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 8 36 dep significant 1197:1207 arg1 % 1212:1212 66% 1210:1212 66% 1210:1212 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 4 37 theme nanocomposites 642:655 arg1 capacity 599:606 The antimicrobial capacity 581:606 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 581:655 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 5 38 theme BALBc 796:800 arg1 model 807:811 burn BALBc mice model 791:811 burn BALBc mice model 791:811 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 2 39 theme wound 304:308 arg1 healing 310:316 inherent wound healing 295:316 the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose 291:355 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 1 40 theme antimicrobial 203:215 arg1 activity 217:224 antimicrobial activity 203:224 antimicrobial activity 203:224 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 4 41 theme oxide 636:640 arg1 nanocomposites 642:655 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 611:655 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 611:655 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 5 42 theme mice 802:805 arg1 model 807:811 burn BALBc mice model 791:811 burn BALBc mice model 791:811 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 3 43 theme nanoparticles 476:488 arg1 reinforcement 433:445 The reinforcement 429:445 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets 429:520 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 3 43 theme nanoparticles 476:488 arg1 impregnation 448:459 impregnation 448:459 impregnation 448:459 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 1 44 theme activity 217:224 arg1 lack 195:198 lack 195:198 lack of antimicrobial activity 195:224 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 3 45 theme zinc 465:468 arg1 nanoparticles 476:488 zinc oxide nanoparticles 465:488 zinc oxide nanoparticles 465:488 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 1 46 contain possesses 110:118 arg2 properties 144:153 physical and mechanical properties 120:153 physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material 120:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 1 46 contain possesses 110:118 arg1 cellulose 100:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 10 47 theme oxide 1375:1379 arg1 material 1422:1429 a novel dressing material 1405:1429 a novel dressing material for burns 1405:1439 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 10 47 theme oxide 1375:1379 arg1 nanocomposites 1381:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 9 48 theme fine 1268:1271 arg1 regeneration 1280:1291 fine tissue regeneration 1268:1291 fine tissue regeneration in composites treated group 1268:1319 The histological analysis revealed fine tissue regeneration in composites treated group. 28325319 0 49 theme dressing 57:64 arg1 system 66:71 a novel dressing system 49:71 a novel dressing system for burn wounds 49:87 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites as a novel dressing system for burn wounds. 28325319 4 50 theme antimicrobial 585:597 arg1 capacity 599:606 The antimicrobial capacity 581:606 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 581:655 The antimicrobial capacity of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites was tested against common burn pathogens. 28325319 5 51 theme nanocomposites 756:769 arg1 healing 717:723 The in-vivo wound healing 699:723 The in-vivo wound healing 699:723 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 5 51 theme nanocomposites 756:769 arg1 regeneration 736:747 tissue regeneration 729:747 tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites 729:769 The in-vivo wound healing and tissue regeneration of the nanocomposites was investigated in burn BALBc mice model. 28325319 7 52 theme oxide 948:952 arg1 nanocomposites 954:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 923:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 923:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites exhibited 90%, 87.4%, 94.3% and 90.9% activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter freundii, respectively. 28325319 9 53 theme tissue 1273:1278 arg1 regeneration 1280:1291 fine tissue regeneration 1268:1291 fine tissue regeneration in composites treated group 1268:1319 The histological analysis revealed fine tissue regeneration in composites treated group. 28325319 1 54 theme physical 120:127 arg1 properties 144:153 physical and mechanical properties 120:153 physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material 120:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 0 55 theme novel 51:55 arg1 system 66:71 a novel dressing system 49:71 a novel dressing system for burn wounds 49:87 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites as a novel dressing system for burn wounds. 28325319 8 56 theme healing 1215:1221 arg1 activity 1223:1230 significant (66%) healing activity 1197:1230 significant (66%) healing activity 1197:1230 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 8 57 theme significant 1197:1207 arg1 activity 1223:1230 significant (66%) healing activity 1197:1230 significant (66%) healing activity 1197:1230 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 3 58 theme characterization 552:567 arg1 techniques 569:578 various characterization techniques 544:578 various characterization techniques 544:578 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 10 59 theme novel 1407:1411 arg1 material 1422:1429 a novel dressing material 1405:1429 a novel dressing material for burns 1405:1439 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 10 59 theme novel 1407:1411 arg1 nanocomposites 1381:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 8 60 theme cellulose-zinc 1138:1151 arg1 nanocomposites 1159:1172 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1128:1172 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals 1128:1188 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites treated animals showed significant (66%) healing activity. 28325319 7 61 theme cellulose-zinc 933:946 arg1 nanocomposites 954:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 923:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 923:967 Bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites exhibited 90%, 87.4%, 94.3% and 90.9% activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter freundii, respectively. 28325319 2 62 theme current 276:282 arg1 study 284:288 current study 276:288 current study 276:288 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 1 63 theme mechanical 133:142 arg1 properties 144:153 physical and mechanical properties 120:153 physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material 120:189 Bacterial cellulose possesses physical and mechanical properties of an ideal wound dressing material but lack of antimicrobial activity limits its biomedical applications. 28325319 2 64 theme bacterial 337:345 arg1 cellulose 347:355 bacterial cellulose 337:355 bacterial cellulose 337:355 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 2 65 theme cellulose 347:355 arg1 characteristics 318:332 the inherent wound healing characteristics 291:332 the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose 291:355 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 2 65 theme cellulose 347:355 arg1 properties 375:384 antimicrobial properties 361:384 antimicrobial properties 361:384 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 9 66 from regeneration 1280:1291 arg1 composites 1296:1305 composites 1296:1305 composites treated group 1296:1319 The histological analysis revealed fine tissue regeneration in composites treated group. 28325319 2 67 theme oxide 394:398 arg1 nanoparticles 400:412 zinc oxide nanoparticles 389:412 zinc oxide nanoparticles 389:412 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28325319 3 68 theme oxide 470:474 arg1 nanoparticles 476:488 zinc oxide nanoparticles 465:488 zinc oxide nanoparticles 465:488 The reinforcement (impregnation) of zinc oxide nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose sheets was confirmed through various characterization techniques. 28325319 10 69 theme cellulose-zinc 1360:1373 arg1 material 1422:1429 a novel dressing material 1405:1429 a novel dressing material for burns 1405:1439 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 10 69 theme cellulose-zinc 1360:1373 arg1 nanocomposites 1381:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites 1350:1394 These findings suggest that bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposites could be a novel dressing material for burns. 28325319 6 70 theme Characterization 814:829 arg1 techniques 831:840 Characterization techniques 814:840 Characterization techniques 814:840 Characterization techniques confirmed the successful impregnation of nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose. 28325319 2 71 theme zinc 389:392 arg1 nanoparticles 400:412 zinc oxide nanoparticles 389:412 zinc oxide nanoparticles 389:412 Therefore, in current study, the inherent wound healing characteristics of bacterial cellulose and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were combined. 28665433 6 0 theme % 1096:1096 arg1 purity 1084:1089 a purity 1082:1089 a purity of 93% 1082:1096 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 3 1 theme aromatic 685:692 arg1 chemicals 694:702 aromatic chemicals 685:702 aromatic chemicals 685:702 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 2 2 theme hemicellulose 376:388 arg1 fractions 390:398 the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions 358:398 the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions 358:398 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 1 3 theme value 275:279 arg1 chemicals 287:295 biofuels and further value added chemicals 254:295 biofuels and further value added chemicals 254:295 Generally, biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass into a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals. 28665433 14 4 theme zero-waste 2448:2457 arg1 biorefinery 2475:2485 a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2446:2485 a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2446:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 4 5 theme quality 887:893 arg1 lignin 895:900 high quality lignin 882:900 high quality lignin 882:900 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 6 6 theme conventional 1148:1159 arg1 methods 1172:1178 other conventional separation methods 1142:1178 other conventional separation methods reported 1142:1187 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 14 7 theme high 2361:2364 arg1 chemicals 2396:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 7 theme high 2361:2364 arg1 step 2422:2425 a key step 2416:2425 a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2416:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 7 theme high 2361:2364 arg1 lignin 2373:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 10 8 theme organic 1734:1740 arg1 acids 1742:1746 organic acids 1734:1746 organic acids 1734:1746 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 1 9 theme chemicals 287:295 arg1 range 245:249 a range 243:249 a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals 243:295 Generally, biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass into a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals. 28665433 13 10 with oil 2173:2175 arg1 composition 2192:2202 a similar composition 2182:2202 a similar composition to that of palm oil 2182:2222 In addition, both yeasts were shown to be able to produce an oil with a similar composition to that of palm oil. 28665433 14 11 theme effective 2331:2339 arg1 approach 2341:2348 an effective approach 2328:2348 an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2328:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 3 12 theme separation 573:582 arg1 techniques 584:593 novel separation techniques 567:593 novel separation techniques 567:593 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 2 13 theme biorefinery 320:330 arg1 processes 332:340 conventional biorefinery processes 307:340 conventional biorefinery processes 307:340 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 10 14 contain contained 1673:1681 arg2 di-saccharides 1698:1711 di-saccharides 1698:1711 di-saccharides 1698:1711 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 10 14 contain contained 1673:1681 arg1 broth 1667:1671 The broth 1663:1671 The broth 1663:1671 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 10 14 contain contained 1673:1681 arg2 mono- 1688:1692 mono- 1688:1692 mono- 1688:1692 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 0 15 theme quality 137:143 arg1 lignin 145:150 high quality lignin 132:150 high quality lignin 132:150 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 3 16 theme high 602:605 arg1 lignin 615:620 high quality lignin 602:620 high quality lignin 602:620 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 8 17 theme chemical 1432:1439 arg1 processing 1441:1450 further chemical processing 1424:1450 further chemical processing 1424:1450 This is a large advantage, and the purified lignin is suitable for further chemical processing. 28665433 12 18 theme oligosaccharides 2067:2082 arg1 catabolism 2049:2058 suitable catabolism 2040:2058 suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors 2040:2097 Both yeasts could grow on the broth, and demonstrated suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors over 7 days. 28665433 11 19 with yeasts 1879:1884 arg1 tolerances 1907:1916 known inhibitor tolerances 1891:1916 known inhibitor tolerances 1891:1916 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 11 20 theme Cryptococcus 1933:1944 arg1 curvatus 1946:1953 Cryptococcus curvatus 1933:1953 Cryptococcus curvatus 1933:1953 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 12 21 theme inhibitors 2088:2097 arg1 catabolism 2049:2058 suitable catabolism 2040:2058 suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors 2040:2097 Both yeasts could grow on the broth, and demonstrated suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors over 7 days. 28665433 9 22 theme methodology 1487:1497 arg1 suitability 1467:1477 the suitability 1463:1477 the suitability of this methodology as part of a biorefinery system 1463:1529 To assess the suitability of this methodology as part of a biorefinery system, the aqueous phase, produced after acidolysis of the softwood, was characterised and assessed for its suitability for fermentation. 28665433 6 23 theme 10 min 1014:1019 arg1 treatment 1051:1059 a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment 1012:1059 a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment 1012:1059 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 7 24 theme severe 1327:1332 arg1 modification 1343:1354 severe chemical modification 1327:1354 severe chemical modification 1327:1354 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 12 25 theme suitable 2040:2047 arg1 catabolism 2049:2058 suitable catabolism 2040:2058 suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors 2040:2097 Both yeasts could grow on the broth, and demonstrated suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors over 7 days. 28665433 14 26 theme acidolysis 2296:2305 arg1 protocols 2264:2272 new protocols 2260:2272 new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis 2260:2305 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 4 27 dep biomass 771:777 arg1 hardwood 790:797 hardwood 790:797 hardwood 790:797 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 4 27 dep biomass 771:777 arg1 biomass 814:820 herbaceous biomass 803:820 herbaceous biomass 803:820 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 4 27 dep biomass 771:777 arg1 softwood 780:787 softwood 780:787 softwood 780:787 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 0 28 theme zero-waste 71:80 arg1 utilisation 82:92 the zero-waste utilisation 67:92 the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides 67:178 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 4 29 theme lignocellulosic 755:769 arg1 biomass 771:777 lignocellulosic biomass 755:777 lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) 755:821 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 14 30 theme new 2260:2262 arg1 protocols 2264:2272 new protocols 2260:2272 new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis 2260:2305 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 5 31 theme solid 967:971 arg1 residue 973:979 the solid residue 963:979 the solid residue after acidolysis 963:996 The lignin from the softwood was isolated largely intact in the solid residue after acidolysis. 28665433 2 32 theme quality 431:437 arg1 lignin 439:444 only low quality lignin 422:444 only low quality lignin 422:444 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 0 33 theme biomass 113:119 arg1 utilisation 82:92 the zero-waste utilisation 67:92 the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides 67:178 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 5 34 from softwood 923:930 arg1 lignin 907:912 The lignin 903:912 The lignin from the softwood 903:930 The lignin from the softwood was isolated largely intact in the solid residue after acidolysis. 28665433 11 35 theme oleaginous 1868:1877 arg1 yeasts 1879:1884 two oleaginous yeasts 1864:1884 two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances 1864:1916 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 0 36 theme Fast 0:3 arg1 acidolysis 24:33 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis 0:33 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 0:179 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 13 37 theme similar 2184:2190 arg1 composition 2192:2202 a similar composition 2182:2202 a similar composition to that of palm oil 2182:2222 In addition, both yeasts were shown to be able to produce an oil with a similar composition to that of palm oil. 28665433 3 38 theme quality 607:613 arg1 lignin 615:620 high quality lignin 602:620 high quality lignin 602:620 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 8 39 theme large 1367:1371 arg1 advantage 1373:1381 a large advantage 1365:1381 a large advantage 1365:1381 This is a large advantage, and the purified lignin is suitable for further chemical processing. 28665433 8 39 theme large 1367:1371 arg1 This 1357:1360 This 1357:1360 This 1357:1360 This is a large advantage, and the purified lignin is suitable for further chemical processing. 28665433 7 40 theme lignin 1295:1300 arg1 structure 1275:1283 the original structure 1262:1283 the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock 1262:1317 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 11 41 theme inhibitor 1897:1905 arg1 tolerances 1907:1916 known inhibitor tolerances 1891:1916 known inhibitor tolerances 1891:1916 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 7 42 from structure 1275:1283 arg1 feedstock 1309:1317 the feedstock 1305:1317 the feedstock 1305:1317 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 6 43 theme acidolysis 1040:1049 arg1 treatment 1051:1059 a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment 1012:1059 a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment 1012:1059 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 11 44 theme common 1831:1836 arg1 yeasts 1856:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 0 45 theme biorefinery 42:52 arg1 approach 54:61 a new biorefinery approach 36:61 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 0:179 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 7 46 theme original 1266:1273 arg1 structure 1275:1283 the original structure 1262:1283 the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock 1262:1317 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 6 47 theme separation 1161:1170 arg1 methods 1172:1178 other conventional separation methods 1142:1178 other conventional separation methods reported 1142:1187 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 0 48 dep acidolysis 24:33 arg1 approach 54:61 a new biorefinery approach 36:61 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 0:179 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 13 49 theme palm 2215:2218 arg1 oil 2220:2222 palm oil 2215:2222 palm oil 2215:2222 In addition, both yeasts were shown to be able to produce an oil with a similar composition to that of palm oil. 28665433 3 50 theme further 659:665 arg1 valorisation 667:678 further valorisation 659:678 further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components 659:722 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 1 51 theme biofuels 254:261 arg1 chemicals 287:295 biofuels and further value added chemicals 254:295 biofuels and further value added chemicals 254:295 Generally, biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass into a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals. 28665433 11 52 dep selected 1923:1930 arg1 curvatus 1946:1953 Cryptococcus curvatus 1933:1953 Cryptococcus curvatus 1933:1953 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 11 52 dep selected 1923:1930 arg1 pulcherrima 1973:1983 Metschnikowia pulcherrima 1959:1983 Metschnikowia pulcherrima 1959:1983 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 7 53 theme isolated 1237:1244 arg1 lignin 1246:1251 the isolated lignin 1233:1251 the isolated lignin 1233:1251 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 3 54 theme fuel 708:711 arg1 components 713:722 fuel components 708:722 fuel components 708:722 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 11 55 theme producing 1846:1854 arg1 yeasts 1856:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 1 56 theme further 267:273 arg1 value 275:279 further value 267:279 further value 267:279 Generally, biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass into a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals. 28665433 14 57 theme lignocellulosic 2459:2473 arg1 biorefinery 2475:2485 a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2446:2485 a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2446:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 58 theme purity 2366:2371 arg1 chemicals 2396:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 58 theme purity 2366:2371 arg1 step 2422:2425 a key step 2416:2425 a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2416:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 58 theme purity 2366:2371 arg1 lignin 2373:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 2 59 theme conventional 307:318 arg1 processes 332:340 conventional biorefinery processes 307:340 conventional biorefinery processes 307:340 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 1 60 theme added 281:285 arg1 chemicals 287:295 biofuels and further value added chemicals 254:295 biofuels and further value added chemicals 254:295 Generally, biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass into a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals. 28665433 4 61 theme high 882:885 arg1 lignin 895:900 high quality lignin 882:900 high quality lignin 882:900 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 6 62 theme other 1142:1146 arg1 methods 1172:1178 other conventional separation methods 1142:1178 other conventional separation methods reported 1142:1187 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 3 63 theme novel 567:571 arg1 techniques 584:593 novel separation techniques 567:593 novel separation techniques 567:593 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 4 64 theme microwave-assisted 841:858 arg1 acidolysis 860:869 microwave-assisted acidolysis 841:869 microwave-assisted acidolysis 841:869 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 0 65 theme high 132:135 arg1 lignin 145:150 high quality lignin 132:150 high quality lignin 132:150 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 1 66 theme lignocellulosic 214:228 arg1 biomass 230:236 lignocellulosic biomass 214:236 lignocellulosic biomass 214:236 Generally, biorefineries convert lignocellulosic biomass into a range of biofuels and further value added chemicals. 28665433 8 67 theme further 1424:1430 arg1 processing 1441:1450 further chemical processing 1424:1450 further chemical processing 1424:1450 This is a large advantage, and the purified lignin is suitable for further chemical processing. 28665433 6 68 theme % 1118:1118 arg1 yield 1107:1111 a yield 1105:1111 a yield 1105:1111 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 6 68 theme % 1118:1118 arg1 superior 1130:1137 superior 1130:1137 superior 1130:1137 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 2 69 theme cellulose 362:370 arg1 fractions 390:398 the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions 358:398 the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions 358:398 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 0 70 theme fermentable 156:166 arg1 saccharides 168:178 fermentable saccharides 156:178 fermentable saccharides 156:178 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 6 71 theme microwave-assisted 1021:1038 arg1 treatment 1051:1059 a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment 1012:1059 a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment 1012:1059 For example, a 10 min microwave-assisted acidolysis treatment produced lignin with a purity of 93% and in a yield of 82%, which is superior to other conventional separation methods reported. 28665433 7 72 theme py-GC/MS 1203:1210 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 py-GC/MS analysis 1203:1219 py-GC/MS analysis 1203:1219 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 11 73 theme Metschnikowia 1959:1971 arg1 pulcherrima 1973:1983 Metschnikowia pulcherrima 1959:1983 Metschnikowia pulcherrima 1959:1983 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 10 74 contain contained 1724:1732 arg2 furans 1770:1775 furans 1770:1775 furans 1770:1775 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 10 74 contain contained 1724:1732 arg2 oligosaccharides 1749:1764 oligosaccharides 1749:1764 oligosaccharides 1749:1764 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 10 74 contain contained 1724:1732 arg2 acids 1742:1746 organic acids 1734:1746 organic acids 1734:1746 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 10 74 contain contained 1724:1732 arg1 broth 1667:1671 The broth 1663:1671 The broth 1663:1671 The broth contained some mono- and di-saccharides but mainly contained organic acids, oligosaccharides and furans. 28665433 7 75 theme chemical 1334:1341 arg1 modification 1343:1354 severe chemical modification 1327:1354 severe chemical modification 1327:1354 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 14 76 theme microwave-assisted 2277:2294 arg1 acidolysis 2296:2305 microwave-assisted acidolysis 2277:2305 microwave-assisted acidolysis 2277:2305 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 0 77 theme lignocellulosic 97:111 arg1 biomass 113:119 lignocellulosic biomass 97:119 lignocellulosic biomass 97:119 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 9 78 theme biorefinery 1512:1522 arg1 system 1524:1529 a biorefinery system 1510:1529 a biorefinery system 1510:1529 To assess the suitability of this methodology as part of a biorefinery system, the aqueous phase, produced after acidolysis of the softwood, was characterised and assessed for its suitability for fermentation. 28665433 9 79 theme system 1524:1529 arg1 part 1502:1505 part 1502:1505 part of a biorefinery system 1502:1529 To assess the suitability of this methodology as part of a biorefinery system, the aqueous phase, produced after acidolysis of the softwood, was characterised and assessed for its suitability for fermentation. 28665433 3 80 theme full 504:507 arg1 use 509:511 full use 504:511 full use of the biomass 504:526 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 4 81 theme biomass 771:777 arg1 types 746:750 three types 740:750 three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) 740:821 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 14 82 theme preliminary 2230:2240 arg1 work 2242:2245 This preliminary work 2225:2245 This preliminary work 2225:2245 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 2 83 theme low 427:429 arg1 lignin 439:444 only low quality lignin 422:444 only low quality lignin 422:444 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 0 84 theme microwave-assisted 5:22 arg1 acidolysis 24:33 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis 0:33 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 0:179 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 9 85 theme aqueous 1536:1542 arg1 phase 1544:1548 the aqueous phase 1532:1548 the aqueous phase 1532:1548 To assess the suitability of this methodology as part of a biorefinery system, the aqueous phase, produced after acidolysis of the softwood, was characterised and assessed for its suitability for fermentation. 28665433 12 86 dep oligosaccharides 2067:2082 arg1 the 2063:2065 the 2063:2065 the 2063:2065 Both yeasts could grow on the broth, and demonstrated suitable catabolism of the oligosaccharides and inhibitors over 7 days. 28665433 7 87 theme native 1288:1293 arg1 lignin 1295:1300 native lignin 1288:1300 native lignin 1288:1300 Furthermore, py-GC/MS analysis proved that the isolated lignin retained the original structure of native lignin in the feedstock without severe chemical modification. 28665433 0 88 theme new 38:40 arg1 approach 54:61 a new biorefinery approach 36:61 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 0:179 Fast microwave-assisted acidolysis: a new biorefinery approach for the zero-waste utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass to produce high quality lignin and fermentable saccharides. 28665433 4 89 theme herbaceous 803:812 arg1 biomass 814:820 herbaceous biomass 803:820 herbaceous biomass 803:820 In this paper, three types of lignocellulosic biomass (softwood, hardwood and herbaceous biomass) were processed by microwave-assisted acidolysis to produce high quality lignin. 28665433 14 90 theme key 2418:2420 arg1 chemicals 2396:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 90 theme key 2418:2420 arg1 step 2422:2425 a key step 2416:2425 a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2416:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 90 theme key 2418:2420 arg1 lignin 2373:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 2 91 theme process 482:488 arg1 heat 490:493 process heat 482:493 process heat 482:493 However, conventional biorefinery processes focus mainly on the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions and therefore produce only low quality lignin, which is commonly burnt to provide process heat. 28665433 3 92 theme biomass 520:526 arg1 use 509:511 full use 504:511 full use of the biomass 504:526 To make full use of the biomass, more attention needs to be focused on novel separation techniques, where high quality lignin can be isolated that is suitable for further valorisation into aromatic chemicals and fuel components. 28665433 11 93 theme ethanol 1838:1844 arg1 yeasts 1856:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 5 94 from intact 953:958 arg1 residue 973:979 the solid residue 963:979 the solid residue after acidolysis 963:996 The lignin from the softwood was isolated largely intact in the solid residue after acidolysis. 28665433 9 95 theme softwood 1584:1591 arg1 acidolysis 1566:1575 acidolysis 1566:1575 acidolysis of the softwood 1566:1591 To assess the suitability of this methodology as part of a biorefinery system, the aqueous phase, produced after acidolysis of the softwood, was characterised and assessed for its suitability for fermentation. 28665433 8 96 theme purified 1392:1399 arg1 lignin 1401:1406 the purified lignin 1388:1406 the purified lignin 1388:1406 This is a large advantage, and the purified lignin is suitable for further chemical processing. 28665433 8 96 theme purified 1392:1399 arg1 suitable 1411:1418 suitable 1411:1418 suitable 1411:1418 This is a large advantage, and the purified lignin is suitable for further chemical processing. 28665433 11 97 theme other 1825:1829 arg1 yeasts 1856:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 other common ethanol producing yeasts 1825:1861 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 11 98 theme known 1891:1895 arg1 tolerances 1907:1916 known inhibitor tolerances 1891:1916 known inhibitor tolerances 1891:1916 While this is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae and other common ethanol producing yeasts, two oleaginous yeasts with known inhibitor tolerances were selected: Cryptococcus curvatus and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. 28665433 14 99 theme fermentable 2384:2394 arg1 chemicals 2396:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 fermentable chemicals 2384:2404 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 99 theme fermentable 2384:2394 arg1 step 2422:2425 a key step 2416:2425 a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery 2416:2485 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 14 99 theme fermentable 2384:2394 arg1 lignin 2373:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 high purity lignin 2361:2378 This preliminary work demonstrates new protocols of microwave-assisted acidolysis and therefore offers an effective approach to produce high purity lignin and fermentable chemicals, which is a key step towards developing a zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery. 28665433 5 100 from residue 973:979 arg1 intact 953:958 intact 953:958 intact 953:958 The lignin from the softwood was isolated largely intact in the solid residue after acidolysis. 24325859 1 0 from based 157:161 arg1 IV 185:186 IV 185:186 IV 185:186 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 1 0 from based 157:161 arg1 chitosan-zirconium 166:183 chitosan-zirconium 166:183 chitosan-zirconium(IV) 166:187 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 3 1 theme Various 416:422 arg1 parameters 433:442 Various relevant parameters 416:442 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions 416:558 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions were evaluated. 24325859 9 2 theme L 1345:1345 arg1 hydroxide 1358:1366 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide 1336:1366 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide 1336:1366 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 3 3 theme relevant 424:431 arg1 parameters 433:442 Various relevant parameters 416:442 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions 416:558 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions were evaluated. 24325859 3 4 theme co-existing 543:553 arg1 ions 555:558 co-existing ions 543:558 co-existing ions 543:558 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions were evaluated. 24325859 2 5 theme resulting 298:306 arg1 composite 308:316 The resulting composite 294:316 The resulting composite before and after adsorbed V(V) 294:347 The resulting composite before and after adsorbed V(V) were characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively. 24325859 5 6 theme 208 820:822 arg1 mg 824:825 mg 824:825 mg 824:825 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 1 7 theme inorganic-biopolymer 126:145 arg1 biosorbent 224:233 a biosorbent 222:233 a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution 222:291 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 1 7 theme inorganic-biopolymer 126:145 arg1 based 157:161 an inorganic-biopolymer composite based 123:161 an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) 123:187 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 0 8 theme vanadium 87:94 arg1 adsorption 73:82 adsorption 73:82 adsorption of vanadium(V) 73:97 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite for adsorption of vanadium(V). 24325859 5 9 theme mg 824:825 arg1 -1 829:830 -1 829:830 -1 829:830 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 5 9 theme mg 824:825 arg1 g 827:827 208 mg g 820:827 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C 820:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 7 10 theme calculated 1000:1009 arg1 ΔG° 1044:1046 ΔG° 1044:1046 ΔG° 1044:1046 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 10 theme calculated 1000:1009 arg1 ΔS° 1057:1059 ΔS° 1057:1059 ΔS° 1057:1059 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 10 theme calculated 1000:1009 arg1 ΔH° 1049:1051 ΔH° 1049:1051 ΔH° 1049:1051 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 10 theme calculated 1000:1009 arg1 parameters 1025:1034 The calculated thermodynamic parameters 996:1034 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° 996:1059 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 9 11 theme V 1267:1267 arg1 composite 1302:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite 1263:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite 1263:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 5 12 theme g 827:827 arg1 capacity 808:815 the maximum adsorption capacity 785:815 the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C 785:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 6 13 theme pseudo-second-order 881:899 arg1 equation 901:908 pseudo-second-order equation 881:908 pseudo-second-order equation 881:908 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 1 14 theme composite 147:155 arg1 biosorbent 224:233 a biosorbent 222:233 a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution 222:291 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 1 14 theme composite 147:155 arg1 based 157:161 an inorganic-biopolymer composite based 123:161 an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) 123:187 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 3 15 theme adsorption 458:467 arg1 capacity 469:476 the adsorption capacity 454:476 the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions 454:558 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions were evaluated. 24325859 7 16 theme thermodynamic 1011:1023 arg1 ΔG° 1044:1046 ΔG° 1044:1046 ΔG° 1044:1046 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 16 theme thermodynamic 1011:1023 arg1 ΔS° 1057:1059 ΔS° 1057:1059 ΔS° 1057:1059 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 16 theme thermodynamic 1011:1023 arg1 ΔH° 1049:1051 ΔH° 1049:1051 ΔH° 1049:1051 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 16 theme thermodynamic 1011:1023 arg1 parameters 1025:1034 The calculated thermodynamic parameters 996:1034 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° 996:1059 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 17 from feasible 1103:1110 arg1 nature 1144:1149 nature 1144:1149 nature 1144:1149 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 5 18 theme maximum 789:795 arg1 capacity 808:815 the maximum adsorption capacity 785:815 the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C 785:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 2 19 theme adsorbed 335:342 arg1 V 344:344 adsorbed V 335:344 adsorbed V(V) 335:347 The resulting composite before and after adsorbed V(V) were characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively. 24325859 2 19 theme adsorbed 335:342 arg1 V 346:346 V 346:346 V 346:346 The resulting composite before and after adsorbed V(V) were characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively. 24325859 3 20 theme initial 490:496 arg1 concentration 498:510 initial concentration 490:510 initial concentration 490:510 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions were evaluated. 24325859 9 21 dep % 1400:1400 arg1 95 1398:1399 95 1398:1399 95 1398:1399 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 6 22 theme adsorption 974:983 arg1 mechanism 985:993 adsorption mechanism 974:993 adsorption mechanism 974:993 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 8 23 theme certain 1225:1231 arg1 effect 1233:1238 a certain effect 1223:1238 a certain effect 1223:1238 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 5 24 theme isotherm 717:724 arg1 model 726:730 The Langmuir isotherm model 704:730 The Langmuir isotherm model 704:730 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 5 25 theme adsorption 797:806 arg1 capacity 808:815 the maximum adsorption capacity 785:815 the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C 785:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 1 26 theme vanadium 254:261 arg1 ions 266:269 vanadium(V) ions 254:269 vanadium(V) ions 254:269 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 0 27 dep composite 59:67 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite for adsorption of vanadium(V). 24325859 0 27 dep composite 59:67 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite for adsorption of vanadium(V). 24325859 0 27 dep composite 59:67 arg1 IV 55:56 IV 55:56 IV 55:56 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite for adsorption of vanadium(V). 24325859 5 28 from °C 839:840 arg1 capacity 808:815 the maximum adsorption capacity 785:815 the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C 785:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 5 28 from °C 839:840 arg1 -1 829:830 -1 829:830 -1 829:830 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 5 28 from °C 839:840 arg1 g 827:827 208 mg g 820:827 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C 820:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 6 29 theme mechanism 985:993 arg1 sorption 936:943 that chemical sorption 922:943 that chemical sorption 922:943 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 6 29 theme mechanism 985:993 arg1 step 966:969 the rate-limiting step 948:969 the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism 948:993 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 9 30 theme mol 1341:1343 arg1 L 1345:1345 0.01 mol L 1336:1345 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide 1336:1366 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 9 30 theme mol 1341:1343 arg1 -1 1347:1348 -1 1347:1348 -1 1347:1348 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 9 31 theme loaded 1272:1277 arg1 composite 1302:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite 1263:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite 1263:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 7 32 theme adsorption 1080:1089 arg1 feasible 1103:1110 feasible 1103:1110 feasible 1103:1110 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 32 theme adsorption 1080:1089 arg1 process 1091:1097 the adsorption process 1076:1097 the adsorption process 1076:1097 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 3 33 theme contact 513:519 arg1 time 521:524 contact time 513:524 contact time 513:524 Various relevant parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and co-existing ions were evaluated. 24325859 0 34 theme chitosan-zirconium 36:53 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite for adsorption of vanadium(V). 24325859 0 34 theme chitosan-zirconium 36:53 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite for adsorption of vanadium(V). 24325859 1 35 theme V 263:263 arg1 ions 266:269 vanadium(V) ions 254:269 vanadium(V) ions 254:269 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 9 36 theme sodium 1351:1356 arg1 hydroxide 1358:1366 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide 1336:1366 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide 1336:1366 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 9 37 dep efficiency 1374:1383 arg1 % 1400:1400 % 1400:1400 % 1400:1400 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 1 38 from solution 284:291 arg1 removal 243:249 the removal 239:249 the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution 239:291 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 1 39 theme ions 266:269 arg1 removal 243:249 the removal 239:249 the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution 239:291 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 6 40 theme rate-limiting 952:964 arg1 sorption 936:943 that chemical sorption 922:943 that chemical sorption 922:943 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 6 40 theme rate-limiting 952:964 arg1 step 966:969 the rate-limiting step 948:969 the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism 948:993 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 5 41 from capacity 808:815 arg1 °C 839:840 30 °C 836:840 30 °C 836:840 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 7 42 from nature 1144:1149 arg1 feasible 1103:1110 feasible 1103:1110 feasible 1103:1110 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 7 42 from nature 1144:1149 arg1 process 1091:1097 the adsorption process 1076:1097 the adsorption process 1076:1097 The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24325859 9 43 theme chitosan-zirconium 1279:1296 arg1 composite 1302:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite 1263:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite 1263:1310 The V(V) loaded chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite could be regenerated by 0.01 mol L(-1) sodium hydroxide, with efficiency greater than 95%. 24325859 6 44 theme kinetics 847:854 arg1 data 856:859 The kinetics data 843:859 The kinetics data 843:859 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 4 45 theme V 687:687 arg1 adsorption 692:701 V(V) adsorption 687:701 V(V) adsorption 687:701 The results demonstrated that the optimum pH was found to be 4.0 and the equilibrium was achieved after 4h for V(V) adsorption. 24325859 1 46 theme present 108:114 arg1 study 116:120 this present study 103:120 this present study 103:120 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 8 47 theme co-existing 1162:1172 arg1 nitrate 1189:1195 nitrate 1189:1195 nitrate 1189:1195 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 47 theme co-existing 1162:1172 arg1 ions 1174:1177 co-existing ions 1162:1177 co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate 1162:1217 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 47 theme co-existing 1162:1172 arg1 sulfate 1211:1217 sulfate 1211:1217 sulfate 1211:1217 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 47 theme co-existing 1162:1172 arg1 chloride 1198:1205 chloride 1198:1205 chloride 1198:1205 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 6 48 theme chemical 927:934 arg1 sorption 936:943 that chemical sorption 922:943 that chemical sorption 922:943 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 6 48 theme chemical 927:934 arg1 step 966:969 the rate-limiting step 948:969 the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism 948:993 The kinetics data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism. 24325859 8 49 theme V 1257:1257 arg1 uptake 1247:1252 the uptake 1243:1252 the uptake of V(V) 1243:1260 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 4 50 theme optimum 610:616 arg1 pH 618:619 the optimum pH 606:619 the optimum pH 606:619 The results demonstrated that the optimum pH was found to be 4.0 and the equilibrium was achieved after 4h for V(V) adsorption. 24325859 4 50 theme optimum 610:616 arg1 4.0 637:639 4.0 637:639 4.0 637:639 The results demonstrated that the optimum pH was found to be 4.0 and the equilibrium was achieved after 4h for V(V) adsorption. 24325859 8 51 contain had 1219:1221 arg1 nitrate 1189:1195 nitrate 1189:1195 nitrate 1189:1195 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 51 contain had 1219:1221 arg1 ions 1174:1177 co-existing ions 1162:1177 co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate 1162:1217 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 51 contain had 1219:1221 arg1 sulfate 1211:1217 sulfate 1211:1217 sulfate 1211:1217 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 51 contain had 1219:1221 arg1 chloride 1198:1205 chloride 1198:1205 chloride 1198:1205 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 8 51 contain had 1219:1221 arg2 effect 1233:1238 a certain effect 1223:1238 a certain effect 1223:1238 Moreover, co-existing ions including nitrate, chloride and sulfate had a certain effect on the uptake of V(V). 24325859 1 52 theme aqueous 276:282 arg1 solution 284:291 aqueous solution 276:291 aqueous solution 276:291 In this present study, an inorganic-biopolymer composite based on chitosan-zirconium(IV) was prepared and investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of vanadium(V) ions from aqueous solution. 24325859 5 53 theme Langmuir 708:715 arg1 model 726:730 The Langmuir isotherm model 704:730 The Langmuir isotherm model 704:730 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 24325859 5 54 theme V 774:774 arg1 adsorption 760:769 the adsorption 756:769 the adsorption of V(V) 756:777 The Langmuir isotherm model could be well described the adsorption of V(V), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 208 mg g(-1) at 30 °C. 28128467 0 0 theme prebiotic 77:85 arg1 concept 87:93 the prebiotic concept 73:93 the prebiotic concept 73:93 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. 28128467 7 1 from balance 1449:1455 arg1 cavity 1469:1474 the oral cavity 1460:1474 the oral cavity 1460:1474 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 5 2 theme selective 863:871 arg1 stimulation 885:895 selective nutritional stimulation 863:895 selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium 863:923 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 1 3 theme pathogenic 276:285 arg1 bacteria 287:294 pathogenic bacteria 276:294 pathogenic bacteria 276:294 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 3 4 theme biofilm 575:581 arg1 formation 583:591 biofilm formation 575:591 biofilm formation 575:591 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 1 5 theme bacteria 287:294 arg1 growth 266:271 the growth 262:271 the growth of pathogenic bacteria 262:294 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 7 6 theme beneficial 1376:1385 arg1 bacteria 1387:1394 beneficial bacteria 1376:1394 beneficial bacteria 1376:1394 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 5 7 used used 800:803 arg2 compounds 785:793 Six compounds 781:793 Six compounds 781:793 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 3 8 theme promising 490:498 arg1 compounds 510:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds 485:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds 485:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 3 9 theme species 556:562 arg1 growth 564:569 single species growth 549:569 single species growth 549:569 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 5 10 theme pathogenic 959:968 arg1 bacterium 970:978 the pathogenic bacterium 955:978 the pathogenic bacterium 955:978 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 2 11 theme oral 416:419 arg1 bacteria 421:428 16 oral bacteria 413:428 16 oral bacteria 413:428 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 6 12 dep compounds 1098:1106 arg1 shifting 1188:1195 shifting 1188:1195 shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level 1188:1290 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 6 12 dep compounds 1098:1106 arg1 triggering 1109:1118 triggering 1109:1118 triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments 1109:1182 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 6 13 theme biofilm 1210:1216 arg1 communities 1218:1228 dual species biofilm communities 1197:1228 dual species biofilm communities 1197:1228 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 2 14 from change 379:384 arg1 activity 401:408 respiratory activity 389:408 respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria 389:428 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 2 14 from change 379:384 arg1 response 433:440 response 433:440 response to 742 nutritional compounds 433:469 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 3 15 theme growth 564:569 arg1 assays 593:598 single species growth and biofilm formation assays 549:598 single species growth and biofilm formation assays 549:598 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 1 16 theme beneficial 183:192 arg1 bacteria 194:201 beneficial bacteria 183:201 beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community 183:242 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 7 17 theme bacteria 1387:1394 arg1 stimulation 1361:1371 nutritional stimulation 1349:1371 nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics 1349:1408 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 4 18 theme biofilm 762:768 arg1 formation 770:778 biofilm formation 762:778 biofilm formation 762:778 RESULTS Increased respiratory activity could not always be related to an increase in growth or biofilm formation. 28128467 6 19 from level 1286:1290 arg1 composition 1262:1272 a beneficial dominating composition 1238:1272 a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level 1238:1290 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 5 20 theme beneficial 904:913 arg1 bacterium 915:923 the beneficial bacterium 900:923 the beneficial bacterium 900:923 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 0 21 theme Nutritional 0:10 arg1 stimulation 12:22 Nutritional stimulation 0:22 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria 0:49 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. 28128467 0 22 theme commensal 27:35 arg1 bacteria 42:49 commensal oral bacteria 27:49 commensal oral bacteria 27:49 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. 28128467 6 23 theme dominating 1251:1260 arg1 composition 1262:1272 a beneficial dominating composition 1238:1272 a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level 1238:1290 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 5 24 theme bacterium 915:923 arg1 stimulation 885:895 selective nutritional stimulation 863:895 selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium 863:923 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 2 25 theme nutritional 449:459 arg1 compounds 461:469 742 nutritional compounds 445:469 742 nutritional compounds 445:469 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 2 26 theme Phenotype 324:332 arg1 method 367:372 a high-throughput method 349:372 a high-throughput method 349:372 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 2 26 theme Phenotype 324:332 arg1 MicroArrays 334:344 Phenotype MicroArrays 324:344 Phenotype MicroArrays 324:344 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 7 27 theme oral 1496:1499 arg1 health 1501:1506 oral health 1496:1506 oral health 1496:1506 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 3 28 theme Most 485:488 arg1 compounds 510:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds 485:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds 485:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 6 29 theme species 1202:1208 arg1 communities 1218:1228 dual species biofilm communities 1197:1228 dual species biofilm communities 1197:1228 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 6 30 theme in vitro 1277:1284 arg1 level 1286:1290 in vitro level 1277:1290 in vitro level 1277:1290 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 7 31 theme microbial 1439:1447 arg1 balance 1449:1455 the microbial balance 1435:1455 the microbial balance in the oral cavity 1435:1474 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 1 32 theme resident 210:217 arg1 community 234:242 the resident oral microbial community 206:242 the resident oral microbial community 206:242 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 0 33 theme bacteria 42:49 arg1 stimulation 12:22 Nutritional stimulation 0:22 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria 0:49 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. 28128467 5 34 theme nutritional 873:883 arg1 stimulation 885:895 selective nutritional stimulation 863:895 selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium 863:923 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 3 35 theme dual 612:615 arg1 assays 659:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 6 36 theme oral 1143:1146 arg1 bacteria 1148:1155 selectively beneficial oral bacteria 1120:1155 selectively beneficial oral bacteria 1120:1155 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 1 37 theme oral 219:222 arg1 community 234:242 the resident oral microbial community 206:242 the resident oral microbial community 206:242 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 0 38 theme oral 37:40 arg1 bacteria 42:49 commensal oral bacteria 27:49 commensal oral bacteria 27:49 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. 28128467 5 39 theme dual 808:811 arg1 assays 833:838 dual species competition assays 808:838 dual species competition assays 808:838 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 0 40 dep suppresses 51:60 arg1 concept 87:93 the prebiotic concept 73:93 the prebiotic concept 73:93 Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. 28128467 1 41 theme microbial 224:232 arg1 community 234:242 the resident oral microbial community 206:242 the resident oral microbial community 206:242 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 5 42 theme species 813:819 arg1 assays 833:838 dual species competition assays 808:838 dual species competition assays 808:838 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 7 43 dep CONCLUSION 1293:1302 arg1 support 1321:1327 support 1321:1327 support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health 1321:1506 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 6 44 theme dual 1197:1200 arg1 communities 1218:1228 dual species biofilm communities 1197:1228 dual species biofilm communities 1197:1228 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 1 45 theme potential 112:120 arg1 prebiotics 127:136 potential oral prebiotics 112:136 potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria 112:294 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 5 46 theme competition 821:831 arg1 assays 833:838 dual species competition assays 808:838 dual species competition assays 808:838 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 7 47 used used 1419:1422 arg2 stimulation 1361:1371 nutritional stimulation 1349:1371 nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics 1349:1408 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 6 48 theme beneficial 1240:1249 arg1 composition 1262:1272 a beneficial dominating composition 1238:1272 a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level 1238:1290 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 1 49 theme oral 122:125 arg1 prebiotics 127:136 potential oral prebiotics 112:136 potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria 112:294 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 6 50 theme prebiotic 1088:1096 arg1 compounds 985:993 Two compounds 981:993 Two compounds 981:993 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 6 50 theme prebiotic 1088:1096 arg1 compounds 1098:1106 potential oral prebiotic compounds 1073:1106 potential oral prebiotic compounds 1073:1106 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 3 51 theme species 617:623 arg1 assays 659:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 2 52 theme high-throughput 351:365 arg1 method 367:372 a high-throughput method 349:372 a high-throughput method 349:372 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 2 52 theme high-throughput 351:365 arg1 MicroArrays 334:344 Phenotype MicroArrays 324:344 Phenotype MicroArrays 324:344 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 3 53 theme formation 583:591 arg1 assays 593:598 single species growth and biofilm formation assays 549:598 single species growth and biofilm formation assays 549:598 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 1 54 theme community 234:242 arg1 bacteria 194:201 beneficial bacteria 183:201 beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community 183:242 AIM To identify potential oral prebiotics that selectively stimulate commensal, albeit beneficial bacteria of the resident oral microbial community while suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. 28128467 3 55 theme competition 647:657 arg1 assays 659:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 5 56 theme bacterium 970:978 arg1 suppression 940:950 the suppression 936:950 the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium 936:978 Six compounds were used in dual species competition assays to directly monitor if selective nutritional stimulation of the beneficial bacterium results in the suppression of the pathogenic bacterium. 28128467 4 57 from increase 740:747 arg1 formation 770:778 biofilm formation 762:778 biofilm formation 762:778 RESULTS Increased respiratory activity could not always be related to an increase in growth or biofilm formation. 28128467 4 57 from increase 740:747 arg1 growth 752:757 growth 752:757 growth 752:757 RESULTS Increased respiratory activity could not always be related to an increase in growth or biofilm formation. 28128467 3 58 theme prebiotic 500:508 arg1 compounds 510:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds 485:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds 485:518 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 2 59 theme bacteria 421:428 arg1 activity 401:408 respiratory activity 389:408 respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria 389:428 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 7 60 theme oral 1464:1467 arg1 cavity 1469:1474 the oral cavity 1460:1474 the oral cavity 1460:1474 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 6 61 theme beneficial 1132:1141 arg1 bacteria 1148:1155 selectively beneficial oral bacteria 1120:1155 selectively beneficial oral bacteria 1120:1155 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 2 62 theme respiratory 389:399 arg1 activity 401:408 respiratory activity 389:408 respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria 389:428 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Phenotype MicroArrays as a high-throughput method, the change in respiratory activity of 16 oral bacteria in response to 742 nutritional compounds was screened. 28128467 4 63 theme respiratory 685:695 arg1 activity 697:704 respiratory activity 685:704 respiratory activity 685:704 RESULTS Increased respiratory activity could not always be related to an increase in growth or biofilm formation. 28128467 6 64 theme oral 1083:1086 arg1 compounds 985:993 Two compounds 981:993 Two compounds 981:993 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 6 64 theme oral 1083:1086 arg1 compounds 1098:1106 potential oral prebiotic compounds 1073:1106 potential oral prebiotic compounds 1073:1106 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 7 65 theme nutritional 1349:1359 arg1 stimulation 1361:1371 nutritional stimulation 1349:1371 nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics 1349:1408 CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis that nutritional stimulation of beneficial bacteria by prebiotics could be used to restore the microbial balance in the oral cavity and by this promote oral health. 28128467 3 66 theme beneficial-pathogen 626:644 arg1 assays 659:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays 612:664 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 3 67 theme single 549:554 arg1 growth 564:569 single species growth 549:569 single species growth 549:569 Most promising prebiotic compounds were selected and applied in single species growth and biofilm formation assays, as well as dual species (beneficial-pathogen) competition assays. 28128467 6 68 theme potential 1073:1081 arg1 compounds 985:993 Two compounds 981:993 Two compounds 981:993 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 28128467 6 68 theme potential 1073:1081 arg1 compounds 1098:1106 potential oral prebiotic compounds 1073:1106 potential oral prebiotic compounds 1073:1106 Two compounds, beta-methyl-d-galactoside and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine, could be identified as potential oral prebiotic compounds, triggering selectively beneficial oral bacteria throughout the experiments and shifting dual species biofilm communities towards a beneficial dominating composition at in vitro level. 25542108 5 0 theme swelling 620:627 arg1 capacity 629:636 their swelling capacity 614:636 their swelling capacity 614:636 By increasing the Salecan content in the hybrid hydrogels, their swelling capacity increased notably, while the compressive modulus decreased. 25542108 8 1 theme Sal/PVA 927:933 arg1 hydrogels 935:943 Sal/PVA hydrogels 927:943 Sal/PVA hydrogels 927:943 Furthermore, cells could adhere well on the surface of Sal/PVA hydrogels. 25542108 1 2 theme new 155:157 arg1 kind 159:162 a new kind 153:162 a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 153:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 0 3 theme freeze/thaw 67:77 arg1 method 79:84 freeze/thaw method 67:84 freeze/thaw method 67:84 Investigation of Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw method. 25542108 5 4 theme Salecan 573:579 arg1 content 581:587 the Salecan content 569:587 the Salecan content in the hybrid hydrogels 569:611 By increasing the Salecan content in the hybrid hydrogels, their swelling capacity increased notably, while the compressive modulus decreased. 25542108 5 5 from content 581:587 arg1 hydrogels 603:611 the hybrid hydrogels 592:611 the hybrid hydrogels 592:611 By increasing the Salecan content in the hybrid hydrogels, their swelling capacity increased notably, while the compressive modulus decreased. 25542108 3 6 theme vinyl 318:322 arg1 poly 313:316 poly 313:316 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 313:337 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 3 6 theme vinyl 318:322 arg1 alcohol 324:330 vinyl alcohol 318:330 vinyl alcohol 318:330 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 4 7 theme biological 437:446 arg1 characteristics 448:462 Physicochemical and biological characteristics 417:462 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels 417:479 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated to evaluate their potential as cell adhesion materials. 25542108 5 8 theme hybrid 596:601 arg1 hydrogels 603:611 the hybrid hydrogels 592:611 the hybrid hydrogels 592:611 By increasing the Salecan content in the hybrid hydrogels, their swelling capacity increased notably, while the compressive modulus decreased. 25542108 1 9 theme strain 181:186 arg1 sp 202:203 salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 167:203 salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 167:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 0 10 theme alcohol 36:42 arg1 Investigation 0:12 Investigation 0:12 Investigation of Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) 0:43 Investigation of Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw method. 25542108 1 11 theme salt-tolerant 167:179 arg1 sp 202:203 salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 167:203 salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 167:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 3 12 theme hybrid 364:369 arg1 hydrogels 371:379 novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels 350:379 novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels 350:379 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 6 13 contain had 733:735 arg2 structure 758:766 a homogeneous porous structure 737:766 a homogeneous porous structure 737:766 Observed by SEM, Sal/PVA hydrogels had a homogeneous porous structure. 25542108 6 13 contain had 733:735 arg1 hydrogels 723:731 Sal/PVA hydrogels 715:731 Sal/PVA hydrogels 715:731 Observed by SEM, Sal/PVA hydrogels had a homogeneous porous structure. 25542108 4 14 theme cell 530:533 arg1 materials 544:552 cell adhesion materials 530:552 cell adhesion materials 530:552 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated to evaluate their potential as cell adhesion materials. 25542108 1 15 theme Agrobacterium 188:200 arg1 sp 202:203 salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 167:203 salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 167:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 6 16 theme porous 751:756 arg1 structure 758:766 a homogeneous porous structure 737:766 a homogeneous porous structure 737:766 Observed by SEM, Sal/PVA hydrogels had a homogeneous porous structure. 25542108 2 17 dep food 233:236 arg1 industries 251:260 industries 251:260 industries 251:260 ZX09 and can be applied in food and medicine industries. 25542108 1 18 theme sp 202:203 arg1 kind 159:162 a new kind 153:162 a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 153:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 0 19 theme Salecan/poly 17:28 arg1 alcohol 36:42 Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) 17:43 Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) 17:43 Investigation of Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw method. 25542108 7 20 theme degradation 773:783 arg1 rate 785:788 The degradation rate 769:788 The degradation rate of the hydrogels 769:805 The degradation rate of the hydrogels can be controlled by tailoring the composition ratio of Sal/PVA. 25542108 7 21 theme hydrogels 797:805 arg1 rate 785:788 The degradation rate 769:788 The degradation rate of the hydrogels 769:805 The degradation rate of the hydrogels can be controlled by tailoring the composition ratio of Sal/PVA. 25542108 3 22 theme novel 350:354 arg1 hydrogels 371:379 novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels 350:379 novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels 350:379 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 4 23 theme adhesion 535:542 arg1 materials 544:552 cell adhesion materials 530:552 cell adhesion materials 530:552 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated to evaluate their potential as cell adhesion materials. 25542108 0 24 dep hydrogels 45:53 arg1 prepared 55:62 prepared 55:62 hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw method 45:84 Investigation of Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw method. 25542108 3 25 theme freeze-thaw 393:403 arg1 processing 405:414 repeated freeze-thaw processing 384:414 repeated freeze-thaw processing 384:414 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 0 26 theme vinyl 30:34 arg1 alcohol 36:42 Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) 17:43 Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) 17:43 Investigation of Salecan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw method. 25542108 3 27 theme Sal/PVA 356:362 arg1 hydrogels 371:379 novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels 350:379 novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels 350:379 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 4 28 theme Physicochemical 417:431 arg1 characteristics 448:462 Physicochemical and biological characteristics 417:462 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels 417:479 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated to evaluate their potential as cell adhesion materials. 25542108 6 29 theme homogeneous 739:749 arg1 structure 758:766 a homogeneous porous structure 737:766 a homogeneous porous structure 737:766 Observed by SEM, Sal/PVA hydrogels had a homogeneous porous structure. 25542108 1 30 theme novel 100:104 arg1 extracellular-glucan 120:139 a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan 98:139 a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 98:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 1 30 theme novel 100:104 arg1 Salecan 87:93 Salecan 87:93 Salecan 87:93 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 9 31 theme Sal/PVA 980:986 arg1 hydrogels 988:996 Sal/PVA hydrogels 980:996 Sal/PVA hydrogels 980:996 In conclusion, these results make Sal/PVA hydrogels attractive materials for biomedical applications. 25542108 1 32 theme water-soluble 106:118 arg1 extracellular-glucan 120:139 a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan 98:139 a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp 98:203 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 1 32 theme water-soluble 106:118 arg1 Salecan 87:93 Salecan 87:93 Salecan 87:93 Salecan is a novel water-soluble extracellular-glucan produced by a new kind of salt-tolerant strain Agrobacterium sp. 25542108 9 33 theme attractive 998:1007 arg1 materials 1009:1017 attractive materials 998:1017 attractive materials for biomedical applications 998:1045 In conclusion, these results make Sal/PVA hydrogels attractive materials for biomedical applications. 25542108 5 34 theme compressive 667:677 arg1 modulus 679:685 the compressive modulus 663:685 the compressive modulus 663:685 By increasing the Salecan content in the hybrid hydrogels, their swelling capacity increased notably, while the compressive modulus decreased. 25542108 7 35 theme composition 842:852 arg1 ratio 854:858 the composition ratio 838:858 the composition ratio of Sal/PVA 838:869 The degradation rate of the hydrogels can be controlled by tailoring the composition ratio of Sal/PVA. 25542108 6 36 theme Sal/PVA 715:721 arg1 hydrogels 723:731 Sal/PVA hydrogels 715:731 Sal/PVA hydrogels 715:731 Observed by SEM, Sal/PVA hydrogels had a homogeneous porous structure. 25542108 9 37 theme biomedical 1023:1032 arg1 applications 1034:1045 biomedical applications 1023:1045 biomedical applications 1023:1045 In conclusion, these results make Sal/PVA hydrogels attractive materials for biomedical applications. 25542108 3 38 theme repeated 384:391 arg1 processing 405:414 repeated freeze-thaw processing 384:414 repeated freeze-thaw processing 384:414 In this work, Salecan (Sal) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare novel Sal/PVA hybrid hydrogels by repeated freeze-thaw processing. 25542108 4 39 theme hydrogels 471:479 arg1 characteristics 448:462 Physicochemical and biological characteristics 417:462 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels 417:479 Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated to evaluate their potential as cell adhesion materials. 25542108 8 40 theme hydrogels 935:943 arg1 surface 916:922 the surface 912:922 the surface of Sal/PVA hydrogels 912:943 Furthermore, cells could adhere well on the surface of Sal/PVA hydrogels. 25542108 7 41 theme Sal/PVA 863:869 arg1 ratio 854:858 the composition ratio 838:858 the composition ratio of Sal/PVA 838:869 The degradation rate of the hydrogels can be controlled by tailoring the composition ratio of Sal/PVA. 24141552 8 0 theme sucrose 1110:1116 arg1 phosphatase 1130:1140 sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1110:1140 sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1110:1140 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 8 0 theme sucrose 1110:1116 arg1 genes 1033:1037 two candidate genes 1019:1037 two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis 1019:1067 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 2 1 from Range 404:408 arg1 colonization 347:358 colonization 347:358 colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms 347:452 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 1 2 theme Atacama 166:172 arg1 Desert 174:179 the Atacama Desert 162:179 the Atacama Desert 162:179 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 0 3 theme Atacama 88:94 arg1 Desert 96:101 the Atacama Desert 84:101 the Atacama Desert 84:101 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1, an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert. 24141552 9 4 theme low 1243:1245 arg1 availability 1253:1264 low water availability 1243:1264 low water availability 1243:1264 Thus, the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 may represent a suitable model for understanding tolerance to low water availability. 24141552 6 5 theme Physiological 755:767 arg1 responses 798:806 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses 755:806 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 755:822 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 show that this strain is extremely tolerant to desiccation. 24141552 1 6 theme key 241:243 arg1 role 245:248 the key role 237:248 the key role of water for life 237:266 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 8 7 theme 6-phosphate 1118:1128 arg1 phosphatase 1130:1140 sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1110:1140 sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1110:1140 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 8 7 theme 6-phosphate 1118:1128 arg1 genes 1033:1037 two candidate genes 1019:1037 two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis 1019:1067 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 9 8 theme Gloeocapsopsis 1153:1166 arg1 AAB1 1176:1179 the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 1149:1179 the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 1149:1179 Thus, the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 may represent a suitable model for understanding tolerance to low water availability. 24141552 3 9 theme Microb 474:479 arg1 Ecol 481:484 Microb Ecol 58:568-581 474:495 Microb Ecol 58:568-581, 2011). 474:503 Microb Ecol 58:568-581, 2011). 24141552 7 10 dep condition 994:1002 arg1 response 967:974 response 967:974 response 967:974 Our results also indicate that the isolate biosynthesizes sucrose and trehalose in response to this stressful condition. 24141552 9 11 theme isolate 1168:1174 arg1 AAB1 1176:1179 the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 1149:1179 the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 1149:1179 Thus, the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 may represent a suitable model for understanding tolerance to low water availability. 24141552 4 12 theme cyanobacterial 604:617 arg1 strain 619:624 a new cyanobacterial strain 598:624 a new cyanobacterial strain 598:624 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 5 13 theme new 715:717 arg1 isolate 680:686 this isolate 675:686 this isolate (AAB1) 675:693 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 24141552 5 13 theme new 715:717 arg1 member 719:724 a new member 713:724 a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus 713:752 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 24141552 5 14 theme genus 748:752 arg1 isolate 680:686 this isolate 675:686 this isolate (AAB1) 675:693 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 24141552 5 14 theme genus 748:752 arg1 member 719:724 a new member 713:724 a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus 713:752 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 24141552 2 15 theme underside 367:375 arg1 colonization 347:358 colonization 347:358 colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms 347:452 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 2 16 theme desert 418:423 arg1 Range 404:408 the Coastal Range 392:408 the Coastal Range of this desert 392:423 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 8 17 theme candidate 1023:1031 arg1 phosphatase 1130:1140 sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1110:1140 sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1110:1140 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 8 17 theme candidate 1023:1031 arg1 genes 1033:1037 two candidate genes 1019:1037 two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis 1019:1067 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 8 17 theme candidate 1023:1031 arg1 synthase 1097:1104 sucrose 6-phosphate synthase 1077:1104 sucrose 6-phosphate synthase 1077:1104 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 0 18 theme Gloeocapsopsis 0:13 arg1 cyanobacterium 55:68 an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium 21:68 an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium 21:68 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1, an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert. 24141552 0 18 theme Gloeocapsopsis 0:13 arg1 AAB1 15:18 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1 0:18 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1 0:18 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1, an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert. 24141552 1 19 theme water 253:257 arg1 role 245:248 the key role 237:248 the key role of water for life 237:266 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 2 20 from colonization 347:358 arg1 Range 404:408 the Coastal Range 392:408 the Coastal Range of this desert 392:423 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 3 21 dep Ecol 481:484 arg1 2011 498:501 2011 498:501 2011 498:501 Microb Ecol 58:568-581, 2011). 24141552 4 22 theme strain 619:624 arg1 composition 539:549 the biodiversity composition 522:549 the biodiversity composition of these biofilms 522:567 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 4 22 theme strain 619:624 arg1 isolation 577:585 the isolation 573:585 the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain 573:624 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 5 23 theme phylogenetic 652:663 arg1 analyses 665:672 morphologic and phylogenetic analyses 636:672 morphologic and phylogenetic analyses 636:672 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 24141552 1 24 theme comprehensive 108:120 arg1 driest 186:191 driest 186:191 driest 186:191 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 1 24 theme comprehensive 108:120 arg1 oldest 197:202 oldest 197:202 oldest 197:202 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 1 24 theme comprehensive 108:120 arg1 study 122:126 The comprehensive study 104:126 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert 104:179 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 2 25 theme Coastal 396:402 arg1 Range 404:408 the Coastal Range 392:408 the Coastal Range of this desert 392:423 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 9 26 theme suitable 1197:1204 arg1 model 1206:1210 a suitable model 1195:1210 a suitable model for understanding tolerance to low water availability 1195:1264 Thus, the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 may represent a suitable model for understanding tolerance to low water availability. 24141552 2 27 dep characterized 300:312 arg1 Azua-Bustos 455:465 Azua-Bustos 455:465 Azua-Bustos 455:465 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 4 28 from it 592:593 arg1 composition 539:549 the biodiversity composition 522:549 the biodiversity composition of these biofilms 522:567 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 4 28 from it 592:593 arg1 isolation 577:585 the isolation 573:585 the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain 573:624 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 0 29 theme desiccation-tolerant 34:53 arg1 cyanobacterium 55:68 an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium 21:68 an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium 21:68 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1, an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert. 24141552 0 29 theme desiccation-tolerant 34:53 arg1 AAB1 15:18 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1 0:18 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1 0:18 Gloeocapsopsis AAB1, an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert. 24141552 8 30 theme sucrose 1051:1057 arg1 synthesis 1059:1067 sucrose synthesis 1051:1067 sucrose synthesis 1051:1067 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 6 31 theme isolate 811:817 arg1 AAB1 819:822 isolate AAB1 811:822 isolate AAB1 811:822 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 show that this strain is extremely tolerant to desiccation. 24141552 1 32 dep driest 186:191 arg1 the 182:184 the 182:184 the 182:184 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 4 33 theme biodiversity 526:537 arg1 composition 539:549 the biodiversity composition 522:549 the biodiversity composition of these biofilms 522:567 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 2 34 theme quartzes 380:387 arg1 underside 367:375 the underside 363:375 the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert 363:423 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 2 35 theme hypolithic 428:437 arg1 microorganisms 439:452 hypolithic microorganisms 428:452 hypolithic microorganisms 428:452 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 8 36 theme sucrose 1077:1083 arg1 genes 1033:1037 two candidate genes 1019:1037 two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis 1019:1067 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 8 36 theme sucrose 1077:1083 arg1 synthase 1097:1104 sucrose 6-phosphate synthase 1077:1104 sucrose 6-phosphate synthase 1077:1104 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 2 37 dep Azua-Bustos 455:465 arg1 al 470:471 Azua-Bustos et al 455:471 Azua-Bustos et al 455:471 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 6 38 theme molecular 788:796 arg1 responses 798:806 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses 755:806 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 755:822 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 show that this strain is extremely tolerant to desiccation. 24141552 1 39 from oldest 197:202 arg1 earth 207:211 earth 207:211 earth 207:211 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 1 40 theme microorganisms 131:144 arg1 driest 186:191 driest 186:191 driest 186:191 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 1 40 theme microorganisms 131:144 arg1 oldest 197:202 oldest 197:202 oldest 197:202 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 1 40 theme microorganisms 131:144 arg1 study 122:126 The comprehensive study 104:126 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert 104:179 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 5 41 theme morphologic 636:646 arg1 analyses 665:672 morphologic and phylogenetic analyses 636:672 morphologic and phylogenetic analyses 636:672 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 24141552 2 42 from underside 367:375 arg1 Range 404:408 the Coastal Range 392:408 the Coastal Range of this desert 392:423 In this context, we previously characterized the microenvironment that allows colonization of the underside of quartzes in the Coastal Range of this desert by hypolithic microorganisms (Azua-Bustos et al. 24141552 7 43 theme stressful 984:992 arg1 condition 994:1002 this stressful condition 979:1002 this stressful condition 979:1002 Our results also indicate that the isolate biosynthesizes sucrose and trehalose in response to this stressful condition. 24141552 6 44 theme morphological 770:782 arg1 responses 798:806 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses 755:806 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 755:822 Physiological, morphological and molecular responses by isolate AAB1 show that this strain is extremely tolerant to desiccation. 24141552 1 45 from driest 186:191 arg1 earth 207:211 earth 207:211 earth 207:211 The comprehensive study of microorganisms that evolved in the Atacama Desert, the driest and oldest on earth, may help to understand the key role of water for life. 24141552 4 46 theme biofilms 560:567 arg1 composition 539:549 the biodiversity composition 522:549 the biodiversity composition of these biofilms 522:567 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 4 46 theme biofilms 560:567 arg1 isolation 577:585 the isolation 573:585 the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain 573:624 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 9 47 theme water 1247:1251 arg1 availability 1253:1264 low water availability 1243:1264 low water availability 1243:1264 Thus, the Gloeocapsopsis isolate AAB1 may represent a suitable model for understanding tolerance to low water availability. 24141552 4 48 theme new 600:602 arg1 strain 619:624 a new cyanobacterial strain 598:624 a new cyanobacterial strain 598:624 Now, we describe the biodiversity composition of these biofilms and the isolation from it of a new cyanobacterial strain. 24141552 8 49 theme 6-phosphate 1085:1095 arg1 genes 1033:1037 two candidate genes 1019:1037 two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis 1019:1067 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 8 49 theme 6-phosphate 1085:1095 arg1 synthase 1097:1104 sucrose 6-phosphate synthase 1077:1104 sucrose 6-phosphate synthase 1077:1104 We identified two candidate genes involved in sucrose synthesis, namely sucrose 6-phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase. 24141552 5 50 theme Gloeocapsopsis 733:746 arg1 genus 748:752 the Gloeocapsopsis genus 729:752 the Gloeocapsopsis genus 729:752 Based on morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate (AAB1) was classified as a new member of the Gloeocapsopsis genus. 26630095 8 0 theme fabric 1142:1147 arg1 weights 1126:1132 dry weights 1122:1132 dry weights 1122:1132 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 8 0 theme fabric 1142:1147 arg1 weights 1110:1116 The saturated weights 1096:1116 The saturated weights 1096:1116 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 13 1 dep times 1966:1970 arg1 more 1972:1975 more 1972:1975 more 1972:1975 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 10 2 theme blood 1504:1508 arg1 g 1469:1469 7.58 g 1464:1469 7.58 g 1464:1469 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 10 2 theme blood 1504:1508 arg1 g 1478:1478 12.98 g 1472:1478 12.98 g 1472:1478 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 10 2 theme blood 1504:1508 arg1 g 1487:1487 10.16 g 1481:1487 10.16 g 1481:1487 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 10 2 theme blood 1504:1508 arg1 g 1499:1499 9.73 g 1494:1499 9.73 g 1494:1499 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 2 3 theme Laprotomy 296:304 arg1 pads 306:309 Laprotomy pads 296:309 Laprotomy pads 296:309 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 13 4 theme space 2039:2043 arg1 space 2039:2043 the storage space 2027:2043 the storage space 2027:2043 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 13 4 theme space 2039:2043 arg1 amount 2017:2022 the amount 2013:2022 the amount of the storage space 2013:2043 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 5 5 theme rayon 779:783 arg1 sheets 785:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 5 theme rayon 779:783 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 7 6 theme submersions 1083:1093 arg1 total 1057:1061 a total 1055:1061 a total of three sequential submersions 1055:1093 This process was performed for a total of three sequential submersions. 26630095 10 7 theme rayon 1396:1400 arg1 1g 1377:1378 1g 1377:1378 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1377:1442 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 5 8 theme " 870:870 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 8 theme " 870:870 arg1 sheets 872:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 10 9 theme cotton 1388:1393 arg1 1g 1377:1378 1g 1377:1378 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1377:1442 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 3 10 theme mobile 548:553 arg1 providers 555:563 providers 555:563 providers 555:563 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 26630095 1 11 theme single 204:209 arg1 impact 219:224 the single largest impact 200:224 the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield 200:293 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 1 11 theme single 204:209 arg1 control 159:165 The operative control 145:165 The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage 145:195 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 12 12 theme 0.098 1868:1872 arg1 g/cm³ 1874:1878 0.098 g/cm³ 1868:1878 0.098 g/cm³ 1868:1878 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 15 13 theme cotton 2255:2260 arg1 pads 2273:2276 traditional cotton laparotomy pads 2243:2276 traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments 2243:2304 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 5 14 theme non-polyester 835:847 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 14 theme non-polyester 835:847 arg1 sheets 872:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 8 15 theme each 1187:1190 arg1 fabric 1192:1197 much blood each fabric 1176:1197 much blood each fabric 1176:1197 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 4 16 theme different 625:633 arg1 compunds 646:653 different absorptive compunds 625:653 different absorptive compunds 625:653 We sought to compare different absorptive compunds to ascertain their utility as alternatives for traditional laparotomy pads. 26630095 1 17 from mortality 266:274 arg1 battlefield 283:293 battlefield 283:293 battlefield 283:293 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 4 18 theme traditional 702:712 arg1 pads 725:728 traditional laparotomy pads 702:728 traditional laparotomy pads 702:728 We sought to compare different absorptive compunds to ascertain their utility as alternatives for traditional laparotomy pads. 26630095 15 19 theme viable 2221:2226 arg1 rayon 2198:2202 rayon 2198:2202 rayon 2198:2202 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 15 19 theme viable 2221:2226 arg1 alternative 2228:2238 a viable alternative 2219:2238 a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments 2219:2304 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 5 20 theme whole 921:925 arg1 blood 934:938 heparinized whole bovine blood 909:938 heparinized whole bovine blood 909:938 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 13 21 theme blood 1977:1981 arg1 thancotton 1983:1992 approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton 1948:1992 approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton 1948:1992 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 11 22 theme nylon-polyester 1663:1677 arg1 1g 1616:1617 1g 1616:1617 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester 1616:1677 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 5 23 theme laparotomy 757:766 arg1 sheets 785:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 23 theme laparotomy 757:766 arg1 sheets 872:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 23 theme laparotomy 757:766 arg1 sheets 823:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 23 theme laparotomy 757:766 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 14 24 theme absorption 2079:2088 arg1 abilites 2090:2097 its superior absorption abilites 2066:2097 its superior absorption abilites 2066:2097 Rayon also retained its superior absorption abilites on repeated uses, demonstrating the potential for re-use in remote and austere environments. 26630095 12 25 theme rayon-polypropylene 1797:1815 arg1 g/cm³ 1849:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 12 25 theme rayon-polypropylene 1797:1815 arg1 densities 1769:1777 The calculated densities 1754:1777 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1754:1836 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 1 26 theme noncompressible 170:184 arg1 hemorrhage 186:195 noncompressible hemorrhage 170:195 noncompressible hemorrhage 170:195 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 14 27 dep repeated 2102:2109 arg1 uses 2111:2114 uses 2111:2114 uses 2111:2114 Rayon also retained its superior absorption abilites on repeated uses, demonstrating the potential for re-use in remote and austere environments. 26630095 10 28 theme rayon-polypropylene 1403:1421 arg1 1g 1377:1378 1g 1377:1378 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1377:1442 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 1 29 dep BACKGROUND 134:143 arg1 impact 219:224 the single largest impact 200:224 the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield 200:293 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 1 29 dep BACKGROUND 134:143 arg1 control 159:165 The operative control 145:165 The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage 145:195 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 14 30 theme austere 2170:2176 arg1 environments 2178:2189 remote and austere environments 2159:2189 remote and austere environments 2159:2189 Rayon also retained its superior absorption abilites on repeated uses, demonstrating the potential for re-use in remote and austere environments. 26630095 0 31 theme Austere 93:99 arg1 Environment 121:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 14 32 theme remote 2159:2164 arg1 environments 2178:2189 remote and austere environments 2159:2189 remote and austere environments 2159:2189 Rayon also retained its superior absorption abilites on repeated uses, demonstrating the potential for re-use in remote and austere environments. 26630095 0 33 theme Mobile 105:110 arg1 Environment 121:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 9 34 theme fabrics 1290:1296 arg1 densities 1268:1276 The initial densities 1256:1276 The initial densities of the four fabrics 1256:1296 The initial densities of the four fabrics was calculated and compared. 26630095 0 35 theme Laparotomy 46:55 arg1 Sponges 57:63 Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges 27:63 Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 27:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 8 36 dep multiple 1232:1239 arg1 uses 1250:1253 uses 1250:1253 uses 1250:1253 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 15 37 from pads 2273:2276 arg1 environments 2293:2304 the austere environments 2281:2304 the austere environments 2281:2304 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 5 38 theme composite 813:821 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 38 theme composite 813:821 arg1 sheets 823:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 12 39 theme rayon 1790:1794 arg1 g/cm³ 1849:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 12 39 theme rayon 1790:1794 arg1 densities 1769:1777 The calculated densities 1754:1777 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1754:1836 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 10 40 theme 7.58 1464:1467 arg1 g 1469:1469 7.58 g 1464:1469 7.58 g 1464:1469 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 11 41 theme rayon 1630:1634 arg1 1g 1616:1617 1g 1616:1617 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester 1616:1677 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 5 42 theme microfiber 860:869 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 42 theme microfiber 860:869 arg1 sheets 872:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 0 43 theme Cotton 39:44 arg1 Sponges 57:63 Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges 27:63 Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 27:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 14 44 from potential 2135:2143 arg1 environments 2178:2189 remote and austere environments 2159:2189 remote and austere environments 2159:2189 Rayon also retained its superior absorption abilites on repeated uses, demonstrating the potential for re-use in remote and austere environments. 26630095 2 45 theme space 449:453 arg1 space 449:453 space 449:453 space 449:453 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 2 45 theme space 449:453 arg1 amount 439:444 a substantial amount 425:444 a substantial amount of space 425:453 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 0 46 theme Blood 69:73 arg1 Absorption 75:84 Blood Absorption 69:84 Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 69:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 11 47 theme blood 1733:1737 arg1 2.3g 1725:1728 2.3g 1725:1728 2.3g 1725:1728 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 47 theme blood 1733:1737 arg1 2.3g 1715:1718 2.3g 1715:1718 2.3g 1715:1718 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 47 theme blood 1733:1737 arg1 g 1704:1704 1.73 g 1699:1704 1.73 g 1699:1704 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 47 theme blood 1733:1737 arg1 g 1712:1712 2.83 g 1707:1712 2.83 g 1707:1712 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 8 48 theme saturated 1100:1108 arg1 weights 1110:1116 The saturated weights 1096:1116 The saturated weights 1096:1116 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 10 49 theme 9.73 1494:1497 arg1 g 1499:1499 9.73 g 1494:1499 9.73 g 1494:1499 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 11 50 theme rayon-polypropolyene 1637:1656 arg1 1g 1616:1617 1g 1616:1617 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester 1616:1677 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 10 51 theme initial 1339:1345 arg1 submersions 1347:1357 The initial submersions 1335:1357 RESULTS The initial submersions 1327:1357 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 11 52 theme sequential 1545:1554 arg1 similar 1589:1595 similar 1589:1595 similar 1589:1595 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 52 theme sequential 1545:1554 arg1 trials 1556:1561 The second and third sequential trials 1524:1561 The second and third sequential trials 1524:1561 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 53 theme cotton 1622:1627 arg1 1g 1616:1617 1g 1616:1617 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester 1616:1677 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 13 54 dep thancotton 1983:1992 arg1 times 1966:1970 times 1966:1970 times 1966:1970 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 3 55 from concern 486:492 arg1 rooms 519:523 traditional operating rooms 497:523 traditional operating rooms 497:523 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 26630095 10 56 dep 1g 1377:1378 arg1 each 1380:1383 each 1380:1383 each 1380:1383 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 13 57 theme storage 2031:2037 arg1 space 2039:2043 the storage space 2027:2043 the storage space 2027:2043 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 14 58 theme superior 2070:2077 arg1 abilites 2090:2097 its superior absorption abilites 2066:2097 its superior absorption abilites 2066:2097 Rayon also retained its superior absorption abilites on repeated uses, demonstrating the potential for re-use in remote and austere environments. 26630095 7 59 theme sequential 1072:1081 arg1 submersions 1083:1093 three sequential submersions 1066:1093 three sequential submersions 1066:1093 This process was performed for a total of three sequential submersions. 26630095 3 60 theme operating 509:517 arg1 rooms 519:523 traditional operating rooms 497:523 traditional operating rooms 497:523 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 26630095 10 61 dep RESULTS 1327:1333 arg1 submersions 1347:1357 The initial submersions 1335:1357 RESULTS The initial submersions 1327:1357 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 1 62 theme hemorrhage 186:195 arg1 control 159:165 The operative control 145:165 The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage 145:195 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 1 62 theme hemorrhage 186:195 arg1 impact 219:224 the single largest impact 200:224 the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield 200:293 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 8 63 used used 1154:1157 arg2 weights 1110:1116 The saturated weights 1096:1116 The saturated weights 1096:1116 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 8 63 used used 1154:1157 arg2 weights 1126:1132 dry weights 1122:1132 dry weights 1122:1132 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 4 64 theme absorptive 635:644 arg1 compunds 646:653 different absorptive compunds 625:653 different absorptive compunds 625:653 We sought to compare different absorptive compunds to ascertain their utility as alternatives for traditional laparotomy pads. 26630095 12 65 theme .012 1856:1859 arg1 g/cm³ 1861:1865 .012 g/cm³ 1856:1865 .012 g/cm³ 1856:1865 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 1 66 theme largest 211:217 arg1 impact 219:224 the single largest impact 200:224 the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield 200:293 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 1 66 theme largest 211:217 arg1 control 159:165 The operative control 145:165 The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage 145:195 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 15 67 theme laparotomy 2262:2271 arg1 pads 2273:2276 traditional cotton laparotomy pads 2243:2276 traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments 2243:2304 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 5 68 theme composite 849:857 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 68 theme composite 849:857 arg1 sheets 872:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 8 69 theme blood 1181:1185 arg1 fabric 1192:1197 much blood each fabric 1176:1197 much blood each fabric 1176:1197 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 0 70 from Absorption 75:84 arg1 Environment 121:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 8 71 theme much 1176:1179 arg1 fabric 1192:1197 much blood each fabric 1176:1197 much blood each fabric 1176:1197 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 15 72 theme traditional 2243:2253 arg1 pads 2273:2276 traditional cotton laparotomy pads 2243:2276 traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments 2243:2304 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 5 73 theme heparinized 909:919 arg1 blood 934:938 heparinized whole bovine blood 909:938 heparinized whole bovine blood 909:938 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 74 theme bovine 927:932 arg1 blood 934:938 heparinized whole bovine blood 909:938 heparinized whole bovine blood 909:938 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 4 75 theme laparotomy 714:723 arg1 pads 725:728 traditional laparotomy pads 702:728 traditional laparotomy pads 702:728 We sought to compare different absorptive compunds to ascertain their utility as alternatives for traditional laparotomy pads. 26630095 5 76 theme cotton 750:755 arg1 sheets 785:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 76 theme cotton 750:755 arg1 sheets 872:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 835:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 76 theme cotton 750:755 arg1 sheets 823:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 76 theme cotton 750:755 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 3 77 theme austere 582:588 arg1 environments 590:601 austere environments 582:601 austere environments 582:601 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 26630095 1 78 theme operative 149:157 arg1 control 159:165 The operative control 145:165 The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage 145:195 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 1 78 theme operative 149:157 arg1 impact 219:224 the single largest impact 200:224 the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield 200:293 BACKGROUND The operative control of noncompressible hemorrhage is the single largest impact that could be addressed in reducing the mortality on the battlefield. 26630095 5 79 theme METHODS 731:737 arg1 Samples 739:745 METHODS Samples 731:745 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 731:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 80 theme pads 768:771 arg1 Samples 739:745 METHODS Samples 731:745 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets 731:877 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 9 81 theme initial 1260:1266 arg1 densities 1268:1276 The initial densities 1256:1276 The initial densities of the four fabrics 1256:1296 The initial densities of the four fabrics was calculated and compared. 26630095 13 82 theme 1.7 1962:1964 arg1 times 1966:1970 times 1966:1970 times 1966:1970 CONCLUSION Per gram, rayon absorbed approximately 1.7 times more blood thancotton and three-quarters the amount of the storage space. 26630095 12 83 theme nylon-polyester 1822:1836 arg1 g/cm³ 1849:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 12 83 theme nylon-polyester 1822:1836 arg1 densities 1769:1777 The calculated densities 1754:1777 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1754:1836 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 0 84 theme Surgical 112:119 arg1 Environment 121:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 89:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 15 85 theme austere 2285:2291 arg1 environments 2293:2304 the austere environments 2281:2304 the austere environments 2281:2304 Thus, rayon could serve as a viable alternative to traditional cotton laparotomy pads in the austere environments. 26630095 5 86 theme rayon-polypropylene 793:811 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 86 theme rayon-polypropylene 793:811 arg1 sheets 823:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 rayon-polypropylene composite sheets 793:828 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 2 87 theme substantial 427:437 arg1 space 449:453 space 449:453 space 449:453 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 2 87 theme substantial 427:437 arg1 amount 439:444 a substantial amount 425:444 a substantial amount of space 425:453 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 10 88 theme nylon-polyester 1428:1442 arg1 1g 1377:1378 1g 1377:1378 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1377:1442 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 3 89 from providers 555:563 arg1 environments 590:601 austere environments 582:601 austere environments 582:601 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 26630095 0 90 theme Traditional 27:37 arg1 Sponges 57:63 Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges 27:63 Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment 27:131 Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Cotton Laparotomy Sponges for Blood Absorption in the Austere and Mobile Surgical Environment. 26630095 12 91 theme calculated 1758:1767 arg1 g/cm³ 1849:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 12 91 theme calculated 1758:1767 arg1 densities 1769:1777 The calculated densities 1754:1777 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1754:1836 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 3 92 from providers 569:577 arg1 environments 590:601 austere environments 582:601 austere environments 582:601 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 26630095 5 93 theme pure 774:777 arg1 sheets 785:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 pure rayon sheets 774:790 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 5 93 theme pure 774:777 arg1 pads 768:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 cotton laparotomy pads 750:771 METHODS Samples of cotton laparotomy pads, pure rayon sheets, rayon-polypropylene composite sheets, and non-polyester composite "microfiber" sheets were weighed and submerged in heparinized whole bovine blood. 26630095 11 94 theme second 1528:1533 arg1 similar 1589:1595 similar 1589:1595 similar 1589:1595 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 94 theme second 1528:1533 arg1 trials 1556:1561 The second and third sequential trials 1524:1561 The second and third sequential trials 1524:1561 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 2 95 theme woven 370:374 arg1 cotton 376:381 woven cotton 370:381 woven cotton 370:381 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 12 96 theme cotton 1782:1787 arg1 g/cm³ 1849:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 0.087 g/cm³ 1843:1853 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 12 96 theme cotton 1782:1787 arg1 densities 1769:1777 The calculated densities 1754:1777 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester 1754:1836 The calculated densities of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were 0.087 g/cm³, .012 g/cm³, 0.098 g/cm³, and 0.093 g/cm³, respectively. 26630095 10 97 theme 12.98 1472:1476 arg1 g 1478:1478 12.98 g 1472:1478 12.98 g 1472:1478 RESULTS The initial submersions demonstrated that 1g each of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropylene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 7.58 g, 12.98 g, 10.16 g, and 9.73 g of blood respectively. 26630095 2 98 theme hemorrhage 335:344 arg1 evacuation 346:355 hemorrhage evacuation 335:355 hemorrhage evacuation 335:355 Laprotomy pads, traditionally used for hemorrhage evacuation, are made of woven cotton, and, while effective, their use requires a substantial amount of space and adds weight. 26630095 8 99 theme dry 1122:1124 arg1 weights 1126:1132 dry weights 1122:1132 dry weights 1122:1132 The saturated weights and dry weights of each fabric were used to calculate how much blood each fabric could absorb initially and after multiple repeated uses. 26630095 11 100 theme third 1539:1543 arg1 similar 1589:1595 similar 1589:1595 similar 1589:1595 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 11 100 theme third 1539:1543 arg1 trials 1556:1561 The second and third sequential trials 1524:1561 The second and third sequential trials 1524:1561 The second and third sequential trials, which were statistically similar, demonstrated that 1g of cotton, rayon, rayon-polypropolyene, and nylon-polyester were able to absorb 1.73 g, 2.83 g, 2.3g, and 2.3g of blood, respectively. 26630095 3 101 theme traditional 497:507 arg1 rooms 519:523 traditional operating rooms 497:523 traditional operating rooms 497:523 This poses no concern in traditional operating rooms but is a hindrance for mobile providers and providers in austere environments. 24285830 6 0 theme wax-chitosan-wax 898:913 arg1 films 915:919 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films 881:919 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films 881:919 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 6 1 theme mechanical 1033:1042 arg1 properties 1044:1053 the mechanical properties 1029:1053 the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films 1029:1084 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 7 2 theme entry 1209:1213 arg1 capacity 1152:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 7 2 theme entry 1209:1213 arg1 consequence 1188:1198 a consequence 1186:1198 a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers 1186:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 5 3 from increase 781:788 arg1 stiffness 803:811 the films stiffness 793:811 the films stiffness 793:811 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 1 4 theme sodium 176:181 arg1 tripolyphosphate 183:198 sodium tripolyphosphate 176:198 sodium tripolyphosphate 176:198 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 8 5 link cross-linked 1392:1403 arg1 films 1405:1409 the uncoated cross-linked films 1379:1409 the uncoated cross-linked films 1379:1409 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 beeswax 78:84 beeswax 78:84 beeswax 78:84 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 chitosan 65:72 chitosan 65:72 chitosan 65:72 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 9 7 theme vapor 1518:1522 arg1 permeability 1524:1535 the water vapor permeability 1508:1535 the water vapor permeability (40%) 1508:1541 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 9 7 theme vapor 1518:1522 arg1 % 1540:1540 40% 1538:1540 40% 1538:1540 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 5 8 dep 336 872:874 arg1 to 869:870 to 869:870 to 869:870 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 4 9 theme vapor 631:635 arg1 permeability 637:648 the water vapor permeability 621:648 the water vapor permeability 621:648 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 5 10 dep kPa 876:878 arg1 336 872:874 336 872:874 336 872:874 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 9 11 theme substantial 1484:1494 arg1 decrease 1496:1503 a substantial decrease 1482:1503 a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%) 1482:1541 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 7 12 theme wax-coated 1102:1111 arg1 films 1113:1117 these wax-coated films 1096:1117 these wax-coated films 1096:1117 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 7 13 theme small 1220:1224 arg1 pores 1226:1230 small pores 1220:1230 small pores between the film and the wax layers 1220:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 9 14 theme permeability 1524:1535 arg1 decrease 1496:1503 a substantial decrease 1482:1503 a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%) 1482:1541 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 4 15 theme water 625:629 arg1 permeability 637:648 the water vapor permeability 621:648 the water vapor permeability 621:648 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 10 16 theme similar 1663:1669 arg1 values 1671:1676 similar values 1663:1676 similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue 1663:1706 Regarding the optical properties, all films presented a yellowish color with similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue. 24285830 5 17 theme increased 830:838 arg1 modulus 846:852 the increased Young modulus 826:852 the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa 826:878 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 3 18 theme chitosan 550:557 arg1 films 559:563 the original chitosan films 537:563 the original chitosan films 537:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 10 19 theme optical 1600:1606 arg1 properties 1608:1617 the optical properties 1596:1617 the optical properties 1596:1617 Regarding the optical properties, all films presented a yellowish color with similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue. 24285830 6 20 theme chitosan 1071:1078 arg1 films 1080:1084 the original chitosan films 1058:1084 the original chitosan films 1058:1084 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 5 21 theme films 797:801 arg1 stiffness 803:811 the films stiffness 793:811 the films stiffness 793:811 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 7 22 theme water 1135:1139 arg1 consequence 1188:1198 a consequence 1186:1198 a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers 1186:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 7 22 theme water 1135:1139 arg1 capacity 1152:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 3 23 theme films 559:563 arg1 properties 523:532 the mechanical and optical properties 496:532 the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films 496:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 6 24 theme films 1080:1084 arg1 properties 1044:1053 the mechanical properties 1029:1053 the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films 1029:1084 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 3 25 theme liquid 458:463 arg1 water 465:469 liquid water 458:469 liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films 458:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 10 26 theme hue 1704:1706 arg1 values 1671:1676 similar values 1663:1676 similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue 1663:1706 Regarding the optical properties, all films presented a yellowish color with similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue. 24285830 5 27 dep modulus 846:852 arg1 kPa 876:878 kPa 876:878 kPa 876:878 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 7 28 theme wax 1257:1259 arg1 layers 1261:1266 the wax layers 1253:1266 the wax layers 1253:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 7 29 theme water 1203:1207 arg1 entry 1209:1213 water entry 1203:1213 water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers 1203:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 1 30 theme Chitosan-based 87:100 arg1 films 109:113 Chitosan-based edible films 87:113 Chitosan-based edible films 87:113 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 9 31 theme composite 1444:1452 arg1 films 1454:1458 The emulsion-based composite films 1425:1458 The emulsion-based composite films 1425:1458 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 3 32 theme water 412:416 arg1 vapor 418:422 water vapor 412:422 water vapor 412:422 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 6 33 theme properties 968:977 arg1 improvement 941:951 a similar improvement 931:951 a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor 931:992 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 4 34 theme chitosan 729:736 arg1 films 738:742 the original chitosan films 716:742 the original chitosan films 716:742 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 10 35 theme yellowish 1642:1650 arg1 color 1652:1656 a yellowish color 1640:1656 a yellowish color 1640:1656 Regarding the optical properties, all films presented a yellowish color with similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue. 24285830 1 36 theme edible 102:107 arg1 films 109:113 Chitosan-based edible films 87:113 Chitosan-based edible films 87:113 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 9 37 from decrease 1557:1564 arg1 stiffness 1575:1583 their stiffness 1569:1583 their stiffness 1569:1583 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 1 38 theme beeswax 210:216 arg1 coating 218:224 beeswax coating 210:224 beeswax coating on both films interfaces 210:249 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 6 39 theme barrier 960:966 arg1 properties 968:977 the barrier properties 956:977 the barrier properties 956:977 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 10 40 theme lightness 1681:1689 arg1 values 1671:1676 similar values 1663:1676 similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue 1663:1706 Regarding the optical properties, all films presented a yellowish color with similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue. 24285830 8 41 theme similar 1359:1365 arg1 behavior 1367:1374 a similar behavior 1357:1374 a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films 1357:1409 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 9 42 theme emulsion-based 1429:1442 arg1 films 1454:1458 The emulsion-based composite films 1425:1458 The emulsion-based composite films 1425:1458 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 3 43 theme barrier 401:407 arg1 improvement 380:390 the improvement 376:390 the improvement of their barrier to water vapor 376:422 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 3 43 theme barrier 401:407 arg1 goal 322:325 The goal 318:325 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films 318:370 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 8 44 theme further 1327:1333 arg1 coating 1335:1341 further coating 1327:1341 further coating 1327:1341 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 4 45 theme that 708:711 arg1 that 708:711 that 708:711 that 708:711 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 4 45 theme that 708:711 arg1 % 695:695 about 55% 687:695 about 55% 687:695 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 4 45 theme that 708:711 arg1 % 703:703 50% 701:703 50% of that of the original chitosan films 701:742 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 9 46 theme water 1512:1516 arg1 permeability 1524:1535 the water vapor permeability 1508:1535 the water vapor permeability (40%) 1508:1541 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 9 46 theme water 1512:1516 arg1 % 1540:1540 40% 1538:1540 40% 1538:1540 The emulsion-based composite films were characterized by a substantial decrease of the water vapor permeability (40%), along with a decrease in their stiffness. 24285830 4 47 theme absorption 664:673 arg1 capacity 675:682 the water absorption capacity 654:682 the water absorption capacity 654:682 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 0 48 theme edible 47:52 arg1 films 54:58 multilayered and composite edible films 20:58 multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax 20:84 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 0 49 from beeswax 78:84 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 0:85 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 0 49 from beeswax 78:84 arg1 films 54:58 multilayered and composite edible films 20:58 multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax 20:84 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 8 50 theme film 1283:1286 arg1 samples 1288:1294 the film samples 1279:1294 the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax 1279:1354 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 5 51 theme Young 840:844 arg1 modulus 846:852 the increased Young modulus 826:852 the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa 826:878 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 0 52 theme composite 37:45 arg1 films 54:58 multilayered and composite edible films 20:58 multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax 20:84 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 7 53 theme absorption 1141:1150 arg1 consequence 1188:1198 a consequence 1186:1198 a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers 1186:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 7 53 theme absorption 1141:1150 arg1 capacity 1152:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 8 54 with cross-linking 1309:1321 arg1 beeswax 1348:1354 beeswax 1348:1354 beeswax 1348:1354 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 1 55 theme films 234:238 arg1 interfaces 240:249 both films interfaces 229:249 both films interfaces 229:249 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 6 56 theme similar 933:939 arg1 improvement 941:951 a similar improvement 931:951 a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor 931:992 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 0 57 from chitosan 65:72 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 0:85 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 0 57 from chitosan 65:72 arg1 films 54:58 multilayered and composite edible films 20:58 multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax 20:84 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 10 58 theme chroma 1692:1697 arg1 values 1671:1676 similar values 1663:1676 similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue 1663:1706 Regarding the optical properties, all films presented a yellowish color with similar values of lightness, chroma, and hue. 24285830 4 59 theme original 720:727 arg1 films 738:742 the original chitosan films 716:742 the original chitosan films 716:742 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 0 60 theme films 54:58 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 0:85 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 3 61 theme modifications 336:348 arg1 improvement 380:390 the improvement 376:390 the improvement of their barrier to water vapor 376:422 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 3 61 theme modifications 336:348 arg1 goal 322:325 The goal 318:325 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films 318:370 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 6 62 theme multilayered 885:896 arg1 films 915:919 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films 881:919 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films 881:919 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 1 63 from coating 218:224 arg1 interfaces 240:249 both films interfaces 229:249 both films interfaces 229:249 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 3 64 theme optical 515:521 arg1 properties 523:532 the mechanical and optical properties 496:532 the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films 496:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 8 65 theme cross-linked 1392:1403 arg1 films 1405:1409 the uncoated cross-linked films 1379:1409 the uncoated cross-linked films 1379:1409 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 7 66 theme higher 1128:1133 arg1 consequence 1188:1198 a consequence 1186:1198 a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers 1186:1266 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 7 66 theme higher 1128:1133 arg1 capacity 1152:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 a higher water absorption capacity 1126:1159 However, these wax-coated films showed a higher water absorption capacity, which is believed to be a consequence of water entry into small pores between the film and the wax layers. 24285830 8 67 theme uncoated 1383:1390 arg1 films 1405:1409 the uncoated cross-linked films 1379:1409 the uncoated cross-linked films 1379:1409 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 3 68 dep water 465:469 arg1 maintaining 471:481 maintaining 471:481 maintaining 471:481 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 3 68 dep water 465:469 arg1 improving 486:494 improving 486:494 improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films 486:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 6 69 theme water 982:986 arg1 vapor 988:992 water vapor 982:992 water vapor 982:992 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 4 70 with cross-linking 570:582 arg1 tripolyphosphate 589:604 tripolyphosphate 589:604 tripolyphosphate 589:604 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 8 71 with coating 1335:1341 arg1 beeswax 1348:1354 beeswax 1348:1354 beeswax 1348:1354 Regarding the film samples subjected to cross-linking and further coating with beeswax, a similar behavior as the uncoated cross-linked films was observed. 24285830 2 72 theme emulsion-based 282:295 arg1 films 297:301 chitosan-beeswax emulsion-based films 265:301 chitosan-beeswax emulsion-based films 265:301 In addition, chitosan-beeswax emulsion-based films were produced. 24285830 5 73 from kPa 862:864 arg1 modulus 846:852 the increased Young modulus 826:852 the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa 826:878 However, there was an increase in the films stiffness, revealed by the increased Young modulus from 42 kPa up to 336 kPa. 24285830 3 74 theme mechanical 500:509 arg1 properties 523:532 the mechanical and optical properties 496:532 the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films 496:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 3 75 theme chitosan 357:364 arg1 films 366:370 the chitosan films 353:370 the chitosan films 353:370 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 2 76 theme chitosan-beeswax 265:280 arg1 films 297:301 chitosan-beeswax emulsion-based films 265:301 chitosan-beeswax emulsion-based films 265:301 In addition, chitosan-beeswax emulsion-based films were produced. 24285830 1 77 theme cross-linking 146:158 arg1 reactions 160:168 cross-linking reactions 146:168 cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate 146:198 Chitosan-based edible films were prepared and subjected to cross-linking reactions using sodium tripolyphosphate and/or to beeswax coating on both films interfaces. 24285830 6 78 theme original 1062:1069 arg1 films 1080:1084 the original chitosan films 1058:1084 the original chitosan films 1058:1084 The multilayered wax-chitosan-wax films exhibited a similar improvement of the barrier properties to water vapor, with the advantage of maintaining the mechanical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 4 79 theme water 658:662 arg1 capacity 675:682 the water absorption capacity 654:682 the water absorption capacity 654:682 The cross-linking with tripolyphosphate decreased both the water vapor permeability and the water absorption capacity to about 55% and 50% of that of the original chitosan films, respectively. 24285830 3 80 theme films 366:370 arg1 modifications 336:348 these modifications 330:348 these modifications of the chitosan films 330:370 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 24285830 0 81 theme multilayered 20:31 arg1 films 54:58 multilayered and composite edible films 20:58 multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax 20:84 Characterization of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. 24285830 3 82 theme original 541:548 arg1 films 559:563 the original chitosan films 537:563 the original chitosan films 537:563 The goal of these modifications of the chitosan films was the improvement of their barrier to water vapor and to decrease their affinity to liquid water maintaining or improving the mechanical and optical properties of the original chitosan films. 25982397 6 0 theme different 1019:1027 arg1 females 1029:1035 different females 1019:1035 different females 1019:1035 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 0 1 theme Adriatic 158:165 arg1 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 1 theme Adriatic 158:165 arg1 Sea 167:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea 145:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 145:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 10 2 theme spectrophotometric 1549:1566 arg1 assays 1568:1573 the quantitative spectrophotometric assays 1532:1573 the quantitative spectrophotometric assays 1532:1573 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 4 3 from cuttlefish 604:613 arg1 available 638:646 available 638:646 available 638:646 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 1 4 theme fishery 229:235 arg1 resource 237:244 an important fishery resource 216:244 an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 216:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 4 theme fishery 229:235 arg1 officinalis 201:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 8 5 theme total 1231:1235 arg1 % 1268:1268 39% 1266:1268 39% 1266:1268 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 5 theme total 1231:1235 arg1 carbohydrates 1237:1249 total carbohydrates 1231:1249 total carbohydrates 1231:1249 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 7 6 theme total 1131:1135 arg1 weight 1141:1146 the total egg weight 1127:1146 the total egg weight 1127:1146 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 5 7 attach presence 798:805 arg1 envelopment 842:852 egg envelopment 838:852 egg envelopment of S. officinalis 838:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 7 attach presence 798:805 arg2 yolk 785:788 egg yolk 781:788 egg yolk 781:788 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 7 attach presence 798:805 arg2 substances 824:833 antimicrobial substances 810:833 antimicrobial substances 810:833 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 8 theme yolk 785:788 arg1 components 767:776 the main biochemical components 746:776 the main biochemical components of egg yolk 746:788 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 8 theme yolk 785:788 arg1 presence 798:805 the presence 794:805 the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis 794:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 10 9 theme gelatinous 1630:1639 arg1 envelopment 1641:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 5 10 theme biochemical 755:765 arg1 components 767:776 the main biochemical components 746:776 the main biochemical components of egg yolk 746:788 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 0 11 theme cuttlefish 111:120 arg1 officinalis 128:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 107:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 107:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 5 12 from components 767:776 arg1 envelopment 842:852 egg envelopment 838:852 egg envelopment of S. officinalis 838:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 1 13 theme cuttlefish 184:193 arg1 resource 237:244 an important fishery resource 216:244 an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 216:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 13 theme cuttlefish 184:193 arg1 officinalis 201:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 8 14 theme biochemical 1178:1188 arg1 component 1190:1198 the main biochemical component 1169:1198 the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk 1169:1216 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 14 theme biochemical 1178:1188 arg1 % 1203:1203 46% 1201:1203 46% 1201:1203 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 14 theme biochemical 1178:1188 arg1 proteins 1155:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 5 15 theme egg 838:840 arg1 envelopment 842:852 egg envelopment 838:852 egg envelopment of S. officinalis 838:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 6 16 theme egg 955:957 arg1 weight 959:964 total egg weight 949:964 total egg weight 949:964 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 0 17 from activity 76:83 arg1 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 17 from activity 76:83 arg1 Sea 167:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea 145:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 145:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 17 from activity 76:83 arg1 officinalis 128:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 107:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 107:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 10 18 from presence 1588:1595 arg1 envelopment 1641:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 0 19 theme egg 49:51 arg1 yolk 53:56 egg yolk 49:56 egg yolk 49:56 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 9 20 theme yolk 1362:1365 arg1 amounts 1381:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 0 21 from survey 8:13 arg1 composition 34:44 the biochemical composition 18:44 the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 18:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 4 22 theme little 616:621 arg1 information 623:633 little information 616:633 little information 616:633 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 5 23 theme substances 824:833 arg1 components 767:776 the main biochemical components 746:776 the main biochemical components of egg yolk 746:788 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 23 theme substances 824:833 arg1 presence 798:805 the presence 794:805 the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis 794:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 6 24 theme significant 922:932 arg1 differences 934:944 Statistically significant differences 908:944 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight 908:984 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 8 25 theme yolk 1213:1216 arg1 component 1190:1198 the main biochemical component 1169:1198 the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk 1169:1216 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 25 theme yolk 1213:1216 arg1 % 1203:1203 46% 1201:1203 46% 1201:1203 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 25 theme yolk 1213:1216 arg1 proteins 1155:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 0 26 theme activity 76:83 arg1 composition 34:44 the biochemical composition 18:44 the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 18:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 10 27 theme lysozyme-like 1600:1612 arg1 activity 1614:1621 lysozyme-like activity 1600:1621 lysozyme-like activity 1600:1621 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 5 28 from presence 798:805 arg1 envelopment 842:852 egg envelopment 838:852 egg envelopment of S. officinalis 838:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 0 29 from composition 34:44 arg1 officinalis 128:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 107:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 107:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 4 30 theme egg 707:709 arg1 envelopment 711:721 egg envelopment 707:721 egg envelopment 707:721 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 2 31 theme coastal 354:360 arg1 waters 362:367 coastal waters 354:367 coastal waters 354:367 During reproduction, fertilised eggs are released by adult females in coastal waters and embryo development can take over two months. 25982397 0 32 theme egg 88:90 arg1 envelopment 92:102 egg envelopment 88:102 egg envelopment 88:102 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 6 33 from differences 934:944 arg1 weight 979:984 egg yolk weight 970:984 egg yolk weight 970:984 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 6 33 from differences 934:944 arg1 weight 959:964 total egg weight 949:964 total egg weight 949:964 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 4 34 theme biochemical 656:666 arg1 composition 668:678 yolk biochemical composition 651:678 yolk biochemical composition 651:678 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 5 35 theme officinalis 860:870 arg1 envelopment 842:852 egg envelopment 838:852 egg envelopment of S. officinalis 838:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 10 36 theme Petri 1517:1521 arg1 dish 1523:1526 The Petri dish 1513:1526 The Petri dish 1513:1526 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 1 37 theme Adriatic 262:269 arg1 Italy 276:280 Italy 276:280 Italy 276:280 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 37 theme Adriatic 262:269 arg1 Sea 271:273 the Northern Adriatic Sea 249:273 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 249:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 6 38 theme yolk 974:977 arg1 weight 979:984 egg yolk weight 970:984 egg yolk weight 970:984 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 2 39 from females 343:349 arg1 waters 362:367 coastal waters 354:367 coastal waters 354:367 During reproduction, fertilised eggs are released by adult females in coastal waters and embryo development can take over two months. 25982397 2 39 from females 343:349 arg1 development 380:390 embryo development 373:390 embryo development 373:390 During reproduction, fertilised eggs are released by adult females in coastal waters and embryo development can take over two months. 25982397 2 40 theme fertilised 305:314 arg1 eggs 316:319 fertilised eggs 305:319 fertilised eggs 305:319 During reproduction, fertilised eggs are released by adult females in coastal waters and embryo development can take over two months. 25982397 4 41 from available 638:646 arg1 cephalopods 549:559 cephalopods 549:559 cephalopods in general 549:570 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 4 41 from available 638:646 arg1 cuttlefish 604:613 the common cuttlefish 593:613 the common cuttlefish 593:613 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 1 42 theme Sepia 195:199 arg1 resource 237:244 an important fishery resource 216:244 an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 216:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 42 theme Sepia 195:199 arg1 officinalis 201:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 9 43 theme yolk 1469:1472 arg1 weight 1474:1479 egg yolk weight 1465:1479 egg yolk weight 1465:1479 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 7 44 theme yolk 1046:1049 arg1 weights 1051:1057 Egg and yolk weights 1038:1057 weights 1051:1057 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 6 45 from females 1029:1035 arg1 batches 1006:1012 batches 1006:1012 batches from different females 1006:1035 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 1 46 theme important 219:227 arg1 resource 237:244 an important fishery resource 216:244 an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 216:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 46 theme important 219:227 arg1 officinalis 201:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 180:211 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 7 47 theme egg 1137:1139 arg1 weight 1141:1146 the total egg weight 1127:1146 the total egg weight 1127:1146 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 7 48 theme Egg 1038:1040 arg1 weights 1051:1057 Egg and yolk weights 1038:1057 weights 1051:1057 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 10 49 theme activity 1614:1621 arg1 presence 1588:1595 the presence 1584:1595 the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment 1584:1651 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 9 50 theme biochemical 1489:1499 arg1 components 1501:1510 the biochemical components 1485:1510 the biochemical components 1485:1510 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 9 51 theme total 1367:1371 arg1 amounts 1381:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 0 52 from officinalis 128:138 arg1 composition 34:44 the biochemical composition 18:44 the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 18:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 10 53 attach presence 1588:1595 arg2 activity 1614:1621 lysozyme-like activity 1600:1621 lysozyme-like activity 1600:1621 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 10 53 attach presence 1588:1595 arg1 envelopment 1641:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 10 54 theme quantitative 1536:1547 arg1 assays 1568:1573 the quantitative spectrophotometric assays 1532:1573 the quantitative spectrophotometric assays 1532:1573 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 5 55 theme egg 781:783 arg1 yolk 785:788 egg yolk 781:788 egg yolk 781:788 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 1 56 from resource 237:244 arg1 Italy 276:280 Italy 276:280 Italy 276:280 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 56 from resource 237:244 arg1 Sea 271:273 the Northern Adriatic Sea 249:273 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 249:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 3 57 theme immune 494:499 arg1 factors 501:507 immune factors 494:507 immune factors 494:507 During this period, embryos rely on nutrients and other substances, such as immune factors, provided by the female in egg yolk. 25982397 5 58 theme main 750:753 arg1 components 767:776 the main biochemical components 746:776 the main biochemical components of egg yolk 746:788 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 9 59 theme protein 1373:1379 arg1 amounts 1381:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 8 60 theme Total 1149:1153 arg1 component 1190:1198 the main biochemical component 1169:1198 the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk 1169:1216 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 60 theme Total 1149:1153 arg1 proteins 1155:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 0 61 theme Sepia 122:126 arg1 officinalis 128:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 107:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 107:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 4 62 from cephalopods 549:559 arg1 general 564:570 general 564:570 general 564:570 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 4 62 from cephalopods 549:559 arg1 available 638:646 available 638:646 available 638:646 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 0 63 from yolk 53:56 arg1 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 63 from yolk 53:56 arg1 Sea 167:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea 145:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 145:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 63 from yolk 53:56 arg1 officinalis 128:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 107:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 107:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 8 64 theme main 1173:1176 arg1 component 1190:1198 the main biochemical component 1169:1198 the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk 1169:1216 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 64 theme main 1173:1176 arg1 % 1203:1203 46% 1201:1203 46% 1201:1203 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 8 64 theme main 1173:1176 arg1 proteins 1155:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins 1149:1162 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 0 65 theme Northern 149:156 arg1 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 Italy 172:176 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 65 theme Northern 149:156 arg1 Sea 167:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea 145:169 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 145:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 10 66 theme egg 1626:1628 arg1 envelopment 1641:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 egg gelatinous envelopment 1626:1651 The Petri dish and the quantitative spectrophotometric assays revealed the presence of lysozyme-like activity in egg gelatinous envelopment. 25982397 0 67 theme yolk 53:56 arg1 composition 34:44 the biochemical composition 18:44 the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 18:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 3 68 theme egg 536:538 arg1 yolk 540:543 egg yolk 536:543 egg yolk 536:543 During this period, embryos rely on nutrients and other substances, such as immune factors, provided by the female in egg yolk. 25982397 9 69 theme egg 1358:1360 arg1 amounts 1381:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 egg yolk total protein amounts 1358:1387 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 6 70 theme total 949:953 arg1 weight 959:964 total egg weight 949:964 total egg weight 949:964 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 4 71 theme common 597:602 arg1 cuttlefish 604:613 the common cuttlefish 593:613 the common cuttlefish 593:613 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 0 72 theme lysozyme-like 62:74 arg1 activity 76:83 lysozyme-like activity 62:83 lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 62:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 5 73 theme antimicrobial 810:822 arg1 substances 824:833 antimicrobial substances 810:833 antimicrobial substances 810:833 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 8 74 theme egg 1209:1211 arg1 yolk 1213:1216 egg yolk 1209:1216 egg yolk 1209:1216 Total proteins were the main biochemical component (46%) of egg yolk, followed by total carbohydrates plus glycogen (39%) and lipids (15%). 25982397 0 75 theme envelopment 92:102 arg1 yolk 53:56 egg yolk 49:56 egg yolk 49:56 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 75 theme envelopment 92:102 arg1 activity 76:83 lysozyme-like activity 62:83 lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 62:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 9 76 theme significant 1303:1313 arg1 differences 1315:1325 Statistically significant differences 1289:1325 Statistically significant differences among batches 1289:1339 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 5 77 theme first 896:900 arg1 time 902:905 the first time 892:905 the first time 892:905 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 78 theme present 731:737 arg1 study 739:743 the present study 727:743 the present study 727:743 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 5 79 theme S. 857:858 arg1 officinalis 860:870 S. officinalis 857:870 S. officinalis 857:870 In the present study, the main biochemical components of egg yolk and the presence of antimicrobial substances in egg envelopment of S. officinalis were determined for the first time. 25982397 4 80 theme yolk 651:654 arg1 composition 668:678 yolk biochemical composition 651:678 yolk biochemical composition 651:678 In cephalopods in general, and specifically in the common cuttlefish, little information is available on yolk biochemical composition and substances included in egg envelopment. 25982397 2 81 theme adult 337:341 arg1 females 343:349 adult females 337:349 adult females in coastal waters and embryo development 337:390 During reproduction, fertilised eggs are released by adult females in coastal waters and embryo development can take over two months. 25982397 1 82 theme Northern 253:260 arg1 Italy 276:280 Italy 276:280 Italy 276:280 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 1 82 theme Northern 253:260 arg1 Sea 271:273 the Northern Adriatic Sea 249:273 the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 249:281 The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is an important fishery resource in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 83 from Sea 167:169 arg1 officinalis 128:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 107:138 the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 107:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 83 from Sea 167:169 arg1 yolk 53:56 egg yolk 49:56 egg yolk 49:56 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 0 83 from Sea 167:169 arg1 activity 76:83 lysozyme-like activity 62:83 lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 62:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 2 84 theme embryo 373:378 arg1 development 380:390 embryo development 373:390 embryo development 373:390 During reproduction, fertilised eggs are released by adult females in coastal waters and embryo development can take over two months. 25982397 0 85 theme biochemical 22:32 arg1 composition 34:44 the biochemical composition 18:44 the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) 18:177 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 25982397 6 86 theme egg 970:972 arg1 weight 979:984 egg yolk weight 970:984 egg yolk weight 970:984 Statistically significant differences in total egg weight and egg yolk weight were observed among batches from different females. 25982397 3 87 theme other 468:472 arg1 factors 501:507 immune factors 494:507 immune factors 494:507 During this period, embryos rely on nutrients and other substances, such as immune factors, provided by the female in egg yolk. 25982397 3 87 theme other 468:472 arg1 substances 474:483 other substances 468:483 other substances 468:483 During this period, embryos rely on nutrients and other substances, such as immune factors, provided by the female in egg yolk. 25982397 9 88 theme egg 1465:1467 arg1 weight 1474:1479 egg yolk weight 1465:1479 egg yolk weight 1465:1479 Statistically significant differences among batches were recorded in egg yolk total protein amounts, lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, but no correlations were found between egg yolk weight and the biochemical components. 25982397 7 89 theme weight 1141:1146 arg1 weight 1141:1146 the total egg weight 1127:1146 the total egg weight 1127:1146 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 7 89 theme weight 1141:1146 arg1 % 1116:1116 the 13% 1110:1116 the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight 1110:1146 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 7 89 theme weight 1141:1146 arg1 % 1121:1121 ±5% 1119:1121 ±5% 1119:1121 Egg and yolk weights were positively correlated, with yolk representing the 13% (±5%) of the total egg weight. 25982397 0 90 theme first 2:6 arg1 survey 8:13 A first survey 0:13 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 0:178 A first survey on the biochemical composition of egg yolk and lysozyme-like activity of egg envelopment in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). 28946828 11 0 theme disorders 2111:2119 arg1 range 2089:2093 a range 2087:2093 a range of diseases and disorders 2087:2119 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 7 1 theme BMP2 1258:1261 arg1 effects 1247:1253 the osteogenic effects 1232:1253 the osteogenic effects of BMP2 1232:1261 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 11 2 theme diseases 2098:2105 arg1 range 2089:2093 a range 2087:2093 a range of diseases and disorders 2087:2119 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 4 3 theme structural 549:558 arg1 studies 560:566 Initial structural studies 541:566 Initial structural studies 541:566 Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. 28946828 4 3 theme structural 549:558 arg1 proof-of-concept 622:637 a proof-of-concept 620:637 a proof-of-concept 620:637 Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. 28946828 7 4 theme transcripts 1325:1335 arg1 abundance 1301:1309 the relative abundance 1288:1309 the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts 1288:1382 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 10 5 theme gamma 1753:1757 arg1 irradiation 1759:1769 gamma irradiation 1753:1769 gamma irradiation 1753:1769 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 10 5 theme gamma 1753:1757 arg1 solution 1802:1809 a cost-effective and viable solution 1774:1809 a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function 1774:1912 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 5 6 theme molecular 841:849 arg1 analysis 858:865 molecular weight analysis 841:865 molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography 841:901 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 9 7 theme ALP 1700:1702 arg1 expression 1704:1713 BMP2-mediated ALP expression 1686:1713 BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells 1686:1728 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 10 8 theme viable 1795:1800 arg1 irradiation 1759:1769 gamma irradiation 1753:1769 gamma irradiation 1753:1769 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 10 8 theme viable 1795:1800 arg1 solution 1802:1809 a cost-effective and viable solution 1774:1809 a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function 1774:1912 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 8 9 from phosphatase 1466:1476 arg1 C2C12s 1509:1514 C2C12s 1509:1514 C2C12s 1509:1514 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 1 10 theme important 178:186 arg1 processes 199:207 many important biological processes 173:207 many important biological processes 173:207 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 9 11 from expression 1704:1713 arg1 cells 1724:1728 C2C12 cells 1718:1728 C2C12 cells 1718:1728 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 4 12 theme commercial 588:597 arg1 preparation 599:609 a commercial preparation 586:609 a commercial preparation of HS 586:615 Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. 28946828 5 13 theme HS 666:667 arg1 preparation 669:679 this HS preparation 661:679 this HS preparation 661:679 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 10 14 theme cost-effective 1776:1789 arg1 irradiation 1759:1769 gamma irradiation 1753:1769 gamma irradiation 1753:1769 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 10 14 theme cost-effective 1776:1789 arg1 solution 1802:1809 a cost-effective and viable solution 1774:1809 a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function 1774:1912 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 5 15 theme magnetic 808:815 arg1 resonance 817:825 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 793:825 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 793:838 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 11 16 theme HS 1987:1988 arg1 species 1990:1996 clinically compatible HS species 1965:1996 clinically compatible HS species 1965:1996 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 11 17 theme range 2089:2093 arg1 treatment 2074:2082 the treatment 2070:2082 the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders 2070:2119 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 5 18 theme Gamma 640:644 arg1 irradiation 646:656 Gamma irradiation 640:656 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation 640:679 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 2 19 theme previous 214:221 arg1 work 223:226 Our previous work 210:226 Our previous work 210:226 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 8 20 theme calcium 1487:1493 arg1 deposition 1495:1504 calcium deposition 1487:1504 calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1487:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 2 21 theme particular 252:261 arg1 HS 281:282 a particular affinity-selected HS 250:282 a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") 250:316 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 2 21 theme particular 252:261 arg1 capable 321:327 capable 321:327 capable 321:327 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 5 22 theme compositional 921:933 arg1 analysis 935:942 disaccharide compositional analysis 908:942 disaccharide compositional analysis 908:942 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 7 23 theme murine 1367:1372 arg1 myoblasts 1374:1382 C2C12 murine myoblasts 1361:1382 C2C12 murine myoblasts 1361:1382 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 0 24 theme Sulfate 51:57 arg1 Function 31:38 Function 31:38 Function 31:38 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 0 24 theme Sulfate 51:57 arg1 Structure 17:25 Structure 17:25 Structure 17:25 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 10 25 theme HS 1836:1837 arg1 species 1839:1845 HS species 1836:1845 HS species 1836:1845 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 5 26 theme size 873:876 arg1 chromatography 888:901 size exclusion chromatography 873:901 size exclusion chromatography 873:901 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 6 27 theme binding 1001:1007 arg1 affinity 1009:1016 binding affinity 1001:1016 binding affinity toward BMP2 1001:1028 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 11 28 from use 2063:2065 arg1 treatment 2074:2082 the treatment 2070:2082 the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders 2070:2119 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 7 29 theme osteogenic 1236:1245 arg1 effects 1247:1253 the osteogenic effects 1232:1253 the osteogenic effects of BMP2 1232:1261 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 2 30 theme morphogenetic 373:385 arg1 protein 387:393 bone morphogenetic protein 2 368:395 bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) 368:402 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 2 30 theme morphogenetic 373:385 arg1 BMP2 398:401 BMP2 398:401 BMP2 398:401 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 6 31 theme surface 1065:1071 arg1 resonance 1081:1089 surface plasmon resonance 1065:1089 surface plasmon resonance 1065:1089 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 11 32 theme effective 1936:1944 arg1 way 1946:1948 an effective way 1933:1948 an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders 1933:2119 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 5 33 theme proton 793:798 arg1 resonance 817:825 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 793:825 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 793:838 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 9 34 theme HS3 1602:1604 arg1 Irradiation 1587:1597 Irradiation 1587:1597 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges 1587:1646 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 7 35 theme osteogenic 1314:1323 arg1 transcripts 1325:1335 osteogenic transcripts 1314:1335 osteogenic transcripts 1314:1335 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 8 36 theme nonirradiated 1568:1580 arg1 HS3 1582:1584 the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1549:1584 the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1549:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 5 37 theme nonirradiated 750:762 arg1 material 764:771 nonirradiated material 750:771 nonirradiated material 750:771 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 9 38 theme type 1633:1636 arg1 sponges 1640:1646 collagen type I sponges 1624:1646 collagen type I sponges 1624:1646 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 10 39 theme biological 1894:1903 arg1 function 1905:1912 biological function 1894:1912 biological function 1894:1912 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 6 40 theme fluorimetry 1117:1127 arg1 assays 1129:1134 competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays 1053:1134 competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays 1053:1134 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 10 41 theme structure 1880:1888 arg1 retention 1863:1871 the retention 1859:1871 the retention of its structure and biological function 1859:1912 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 8 42 theme phosphatase 1466:1476 arg1 levels 1447:1452 the levels 1443:1452 the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1443:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 2 43 theme osteogenic 346:355 arg1 effects 357:363 the osteogenic effects 342:363 the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) 342:402 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 6 44 theme differential 1095:1106 arg1 fluorimetry 1117:1127 differential scanning fluorimetry 1095:1127 differential scanning fluorimetry 1095:1127 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 3 45 theme radiation 458:466 arg1 kGy 442:444 26 kGy 439:444 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function 439:538 Here, we gamma-irradiated HS with 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function. 28946828 6 46 theme resonance 1081:1089 arg1 assays 1129:1134 competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays 1053:1134 competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays 1053:1134 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 5 47 theme exclusion 878:886 arg1 chromatography 888:901 size exclusion chromatography 873:901 size exclusion chromatography 873:901 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 4 48 theme Initial 541:547 arg1 studies 560:566 Initial structural studies 541:566 Initial structural studies 541:566 Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. 28946828 4 48 theme Initial 541:547 arg1 proof-of-concept 622:637 a proof-of-concept 620:637 a proof-of-concept 620:637 Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. 28946828 1 49 theme many 173:176 arg1 processes 199:207 many important biological processes 173:207 many important biological processes 173:207 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 9 50 theme BMP2-mediated 1686:1698 arg1 expression 1704:1713 BMP2-mediated ALP expression 1686:1713 BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells 1686:1728 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 4 51 theme HS 614:615 arg1 preparation 599:609 a commercial preparation 586:609 a commercial preparation of HS 586:615 Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. 28946828 2 52 theme HS3 312:314 arg1 " 315:315 "HS3" 311:315 "HS3" 311:315 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 5 53 theme weight 851:856 arg1 analysis 858:865 molecular weight analysis 841:865 molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography 841:901 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 8 54 located observed 1431:1438 arg2 differences 1414:1424 no significant differences 1399:1424 no significant differences 1399:1424 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 8 54 located observed 1431:1438 arg1 levels 1447:1452 the levels 1443:1452 the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1443:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 11 55 theme other 2037:2041 arg1 devices 2051:2057 other medical devices 2037:2057 other medical devices 2037:2057 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 5 56 theme nuclear 800:806 arg1 resonance 817:825 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 793:825 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 793:838 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 9 57 theme C2C12 1718:1722 arg1 cells 1724:1728 C2C12 cells 1718:1728 C2C12 cells 1718:1728 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 5 58 theme preparation 669:679 arg1 irradiation 646:656 Gamma irradiation 640:656 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation 640:679 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 11 59 theme compatible 1976:1985 arg1 species 1990:1996 clinically compatible HS species 1965:1996 clinically compatible HS species 1965:1996 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 8 60 from levels 1447:1452 arg1 C2C12s 1509:1514 C2C12s 1509:1514 C2C12s 1509:1514 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 5 61 theme resonance 817:825 arg1 spectroscopy 827:838 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 793:838 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 793:838 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 11 62 theme orthotic 2003:2010 arg1 implants 2012:2019 orthotic implants 2003:2019 orthotic implants 2003:2019 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 8 63 theme deposition 1495:1504 arg1 levels 1447:1452 the levels 1443:1452 the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1443:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 0 64 dep Structure 17:25 arg1 the 13:15 the 13:15 the 13:15 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 2 65 theme affinity-selected 263:279 arg1 HS 281:282 a particular affinity-selected HS 250:282 a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") 250:316 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 2 65 theme affinity-selected 263:279 arg1 capable 321:327 capable 321:327 capable 321:327 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 5 66 theme disaccharide 908:919 arg1 analysis 935:942 disaccharide compositional analysis 908:942 disaccharide compositional analysis 908:942 Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. 28946828 10 67 theme species 1839:1845 arg1 sterilization 1819:1831 the sterilization 1815:1831 the sterilization of HS species 1815:1845 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 1 68 theme biological 188:197 arg1 processes 199:207 many important biological processes 173:207 many important biological processes 173:207 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 2 69 dep HS 281:282 arg1 referred 285:292 referred 285:292 referred to henceforth as "HS3" 285:315 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 0 70 theme Gamma 78:82 arg1 Irradiation 84:94 Gamma Irradiation 78:94 Gamma Irradiation 78:94 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 1 71 theme heterogeneous 130:142 arg1 sulfate 105:111 Heparan sulfate 97:111 Heparan sulfate (HS) 97:116 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 1 71 theme heterogeneous 130:142 arg1 polysaccharide 144:157 a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide 121:157 a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes 121:207 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 8 72 from C2C12s 1509:1514 arg1 levels 1447:1452 the levels 1443:1452 the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1443:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 11 73 theme medical 2043:2049 arg1 devices 2051:2057 other medical devices 2037:2057 other medical devices 2037:2057 The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. 28946828 6 74 theme significant 979:989 arg1 effect 991:996 no significant effect 976:996 no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 976:1028 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 8 75 from deposition 1495:1504 arg1 C2C12s 1509:1514 C2C12s 1509:1514 C2C12s 1509:1514 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 6 76 theme plasmon 1073:1079 arg1 resonance 1081:1089 surface plasmon resonance 1065:1089 surface plasmon resonance 1065:1089 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 8 77 theme irradiated 1553:1562 arg1 HS3 1582:1584 the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1549:1584 the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3 1549:1584 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 2 78 theme bone 368:371 arg1 protein 387:393 bone morphogenetic protein 2 368:395 bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) 368:402 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 2 78 theme bone 368:371 arg1 BMP2 398:401 BMP2 398:401 BMP2 398:401 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 6 79 theme competitive 1053:1063 arg1 assays 1129:1134 competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays 1053:1134 competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays 1053:1134 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 3 80 with HS 431:432 arg1 kGy 442:444 26 kGy 439:444 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function 439:538 Here, we gamma-irradiated HS with 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function. 28946828 6 81 from effect 991:996 arg1 affinity 1009:1016 binding affinity 1001:1016 binding affinity toward BMP2 1001:1028 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 0 82 theme Structure 17:25 arg1 Retention 0:8 Retention 0:8 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate 0:57 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 1 83 theme Heparan 97:103 arg1 polysaccharide 144:157 a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide 121:157 a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes 121:207 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 1 83 theme Heparan 97:103 arg1 HS 114:115 HS 114:115 HS 114:115 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 1 83 theme Heparan 97:103 arg1 sulfate 105:111 Heparan sulfate 97:111 Heparan sulfate (HS) 97:116 Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. 28946828 8 84 theme significant 1402:1412 arg1 differences 1414:1424 no significant differences 1399:1424 no significant differences 1399:1424 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 0 85 theme Function 31:38 arg1 Retention 0:8 Retention 0:8 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate 0:57 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 7 86 theme relative 1292:1299 arg1 abundance 1301:1309 the relative abundance 1288:1309 the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts 1288:1382 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 2 87 theme protein 387:393 arg1 effects 357:363 the osteogenic effects 342:363 the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) 342:402 Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). 28946828 0 88 theme Heparan 43:49 arg1 Sulfate 51:57 Heparan Sulfate 43:57 Heparan Sulfate 43:57 Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation. 28946828 9 89 theme collagen 1624:1631 arg1 sponges 1640:1646 collagen type I sponges 1624:1646 collagen type I sponges 1624:1646 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 10 90 theme function 1905:1912 arg1 retention 1863:1871 the retention 1859:1871 the retention of its structure and biological function 1859:1912 Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. 28946828 3 91 theme ionizing 449:456 arg1 radiation 458:466 ionizing radiation 449:466 ionizing radiation 449:466 Here, we gamma-irradiated HS with 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function. 28946828 9 92 theme I 1638:1638 arg1 sponges 1640:1646 collagen type I sponges 1624:1646 collagen type I sponges 1624:1646 Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. 28946828 3 93 dep HS 431:432 arg1 gamma-irradiated 414:429 gamma-irradiated 414:429 gamma-irradiated 414:429 Here, we gamma-irradiated HS with 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function. 28946828 6 94 theme scanning 1108:1115 arg1 fluorimetry 1117:1127 differential scanning fluorimetry 1095:1127 differential scanning fluorimetry 1095:1127 When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. 28946828 7 95 theme C2C12 1361:1365 arg1 myoblasts 1374:1382 C2C12 murine myoblasts 1361:1382 C2C12 murine myoblasts 1361:1382 Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. 28946828 8 96 theme alkaline 1457:1464 arg1 ALP 1479:1481 ALP 1479:1481 ALP 1479:1481 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 28946828 8 96 theme alkaline 1457:1464 arg1 phosphatase 1466:1476 alkaline phosphatase 1457:1476 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 1457:1482 Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. 27266254 4 0 theme highest 709:715 arg1 activity 717:724 The highest activity 705:724 The highest activity 705:724 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 3 1 theme amino 488:492 arg1 groups 494:499 amino groups 488:499 amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 488:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 1 theme amino 488:492 arg1 atom 511:514 the C2 atom 504:514 the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 504:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 2 from atom 511:514 arg1 activity 551:558 antibacterial activity 537:558 antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 537:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 0 3 theme Chitosan 86:93 arg1 Derivatives 50:60 Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives 27:60 Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 27:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 2 4 theme titration 337:345 arg1 results 275:281 the results 271:281 the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration 271:345 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 4 5 theme chitosan 786:793 arg1 chloride 795:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride 745:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%) 745:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 2 6 theme IR 286:287 arg1 results 275:281 the results 271:281 the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration 271:345 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 4 7 with chloride 795:802 arg1 substitution 821:832 the maximal substitution 809:832 the maximal substitution (98%) 809:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 4 7 with chloride 795:802 arg1 % 837:837 98% 835:837 98% 835:837 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 3 8 theme polymer 519:525 arg1 chains 527:532 polymer chains 519:532 polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 519:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 1 9 theme derivatives 146:156 arg1 number 99:104 A number 97:104 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan 97:189 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan were obtained. 27266254 5 10 theme minimal 845:851 arg1 concentration 864:876 The minimal inhibitory concentration 841:876 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative 841:894 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative was 0.48 µg/mL and 3.90 µg/mL for S. epidermis and E. coli, respectively. 27266254 5 10 theme minimal 845:851 arg1 µg/mL 905:909 0.48 µg/mL 900:909 0.48 µg/mL 900:909 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative was 0.48 µg/mL and 3.90 µg/mL for S. epidermis and E. coli, respectively. 27266254 3 11 theme C2 508:509 arg1 atom 511:514 the C2 atom 504:514 the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 504:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 12 theme substitution 401:412 arg1 degree 391:396 the degree 387:396 the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 387:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 12 theme substitution 401:412 arg1 effect 352:357 The effect 348:357 The effect of the acyl substituent 348:381 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 1 13 theme low-molecular 161:173 arg1 chitosan 182:189 low-molecular weight chitosan 161:189 low-molecular weight chitosan 161:189 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan were obtained. 27266254 3 14 theme substituent 371:381 arg1 degree 391:396 the degree 387:396 the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 387:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 14 theme substituent 371:381 arg1 effect 352:357 The effect 348:357 The effect of the acyl substituent 348:381 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 1 15 theme weight 175:180 arg1 chitosan 182:189 low-molecular weight chitosan 161:189 low-molecular weight chitosan 161:189 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan were obtained. 27266254 3 16 theme acyl 366:369 arg1 substituent 371:381 the acyl substituent 362:381 the acyl substituent 362:381 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 17 theme antibacterial 537:549 arg1 activity 551:558 antibacterial activity 537:558 antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 537:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 1 18 theme chitosan 182:189 arg1 quaternized 120:130 quaternized 120:130 quaternized 120:130 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan were obtained. 27266254 0 19 theme [Antibacterial 0:13 arg1 Activity 15:22 [Antibacterial Activity 0:22 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 0:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 2 20 theme spectroscopy 297:308 arg1 results 275:281 the results 271:281 the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration 271:345 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 0 21 theme Alkylated 27:35 arg1 Derivatives 50:60 Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives 27:60 Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 27:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 4 22 theme propyl 779:784 arg1 chloride 795:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride 745:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%) 745:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 2 23 theme PMR 293:295 arg1 spectroscopy 297:308 PMR spectroscopy 293:308 PMR spectroscopy 293:308 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 4 24 theme N-[ 745:747 arg1 chloride 795:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride 745:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%) 745:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 5 25 theme inhibitory 853:862 arg1 concentration 864:876 The minimal inhibitory concentration 841:876 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative 841:894 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative was 0.48 µg/mL and 3.90 µg/mL for S. epidermis and E. coli, respectively. 27266254 5 25 theme inhibitory 853:862 arg1 µg/mL 905:909 0.48 µg/mL 900:909 0.48 µg/mL 900:909 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative was 0.48 µg/mL and 3.90 µg/mL for S. epidermis and E. coli, respectively. 27266254 0 26 theme Acylated 41:48 arg1 Derivatives 50:60 Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives 27:60 Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 27:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 3 27 theme N- 417:418 arg1 substitution 401:412 substitution 401:412 substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 401:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 4 28 theme 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium 749:777 arg1 chloride 795:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride 745:802 N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%) 745:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 4 29 theme maximal 813:819 arg1 substitution 821:832 the maximal substitution 809:832 the maximal substitution (98%) 809:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 4 29 theme maximal 813:819 arg1 % 837:837 98% 835:837 98% 835:837 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 3 30 dep microorganisms 627:640 arg1 epidermidis 658:668 Staphylococcus epidermidis 643:668 Staphylococcus epidermidis 643:668 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 30 dep microorganisms 627:640 arg1 coli 686:689 Escherichia coli 674:689 Escherichia coli 674:689 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 31 with substitution 401:412 arg1 fragment 467:474 the propyl fragment 456:474 the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 456:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 2 32 theme conductometric 322:335 arg1 titration 337:345 conductometric titration 322:345 conductometric titration 322:345 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 0 33 theme Derivatives 50:60 arg1 Activity 15:22 [Antibacterial Activity 0:22 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 0:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 3 34 theme typical 568:574 arg1 representatives 576:590 typical representatives 568:590 typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 568:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 35 from chains 527:532 arg1 activity 551:558 antibacterial activity 537:558 antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 537:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 4 36 theme chloride 795:802 arg1 case 737:740 the case 733:740 the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%) 733:838 The highest activity was in the case of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride with the maximal substitution (98%). 27266254 3 37 theme gram-negative 613:625 arg1 microorganisms 627:640 gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms 595:640 gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 595:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 1 38 theme quaternized 120:130 arg1 number 99:104 A number 97:104 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan 97:189 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan were obtained. 27266254 3 39 theme chains 527:532 arg1 atom 511:514 the C2 atom 504:514 the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 504:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 40 theme atom 511:514 arg1 groups 494:499 amino groups 488:499 amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 488:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 40 theme atom 511:514 arg1 atom 511:514 the C2 atom 504:514 the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 504:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 41 theme microorganisms 627:640 arg1 representatives 576:590 typical representatives 568:590 typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 568:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 5 42 theme derivative 885:894 arg1 concentration 864:876 The minimal inhibitory concentration 841:876 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative 841:894 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative was 0.48 µg/mL and 3.90 µg/mL for S. epidermis and E. coli, respectively. 27266254 5 42 theme derivative 885:894 arg1 µg/mL 905:909 0.48 µg/mL 900:909 0.48 µg/mL 900:909 The minimal inhibitory concentration of the derivative was 0.48 µg/mL and 3.90 µg/mL for S. epidermis and E. coli, respectively. 27266254 3 43 theme propyl 460:465 arg1 fragment 467:474 the propyl fragment 456:474 the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 456:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 0 44 theme Weight 79:84 arg1 Chitosan 86:93 Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 65:93 Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 65:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 3 45 theme gram-positive 595:607 arg1 microorganisms 627:640 gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms 595:640 gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 595:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 3 46 from activity 551:558 arg1 atom 511:514 the C2 atom 504:514 the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) 504:690 The effect of the acyl substituent and the degree of substitution of N-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) with the propyl fragment appended to amino groups of the C2 atom of polymer chains on antibacterial activity against typical representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) was studied. 27266254 2 47 dep structure 210:218 arg1 The 206:208 The 206:208 The 206:208 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 0 48 theme Low-Molecular 65:77 arg1 Chitosan 86:93 Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 65:93 Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan 65:93 [Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated and Acylated Derivatives of Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan]. 27266254 2 49 theme compounds 243:251 arg1 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 2 49 theme compounds 243:251 arg1 structure 210:218 structure 210:218 structure 210:218 The structure and composition of the compounds were confirmed by the results of IR and PMR spectroscopy, as well as conductometric titration. 27266254 1 50 theme acylated 137:144 arg1 derivatives 146:156 alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives 109:156 derivatives 146:156 A number of alkylated (quaternized) and acylated derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan were obtained. 26572483 1 0 theme CS/SCNTs 240:247 arg1 membranes 260:268 chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 224:268 chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 224:268 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 0 1 theme cell 85:88 arg1 applications 90:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 4 2 theme thermal 864:870 arg1 stability 886:894 thermal and oxidative stability 864:894 stability 886:894 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 2 3 theme water 343:347 arg1 uptake 349:354 water uptake 343:354 water uptake 343:354 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 5 4 theme study 964:968 arg1 results 948:954 The results 944:954 The results of this study 944:968 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 1 5 theme composite 250:258 arg1 membranes 260:268 chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 224:268 chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 224:268 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 3 6 theme effective 730:738 arg1 number 740:745 the effective number 726:745 the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan 726:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 4 7 theme oxidative 876:884 arg1 stability 886:894 thermal and oxidative stability 864:894 stability 886:894 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 2 8 theme thermal 275:281 arg1 stability 297:305 The thermal and oxidative stability 271:305 stability 297:305 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 1 9 theme membranes 260:268 arg1 preparation 209:219 preparation 209:219 preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 209:268 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 3 10 theme number 740:745 arg1 decrease 714:721 the decrease 710:721 the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan 710:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 4 11 theme CS 849:850 arg1 membrane 852:859 the pure CS membrane 840:859 the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity 840:941 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 5 12 theme CS/SCNTs 983:990 arg1 membranes 1002:1010 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 983:1010 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 983:1010 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 2 13 theme composite 392:400 arg1 membranes 402:410 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 383:410 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 383:410 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 4 14 theme pure 844:847 arg1 membrane 852:859 the pure CS membrane 840:859 the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity 840:941 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 5 15 theme composite 992:1000 arg1 membranes 1002:1010 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 983:1010 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 983:1010 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 1 16 theme simple 169:174 arg1 method 184:189 a simple sol-gel method 167:189 a simple sol-gel method 167:189 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 0 17 theme coated 16:21 arg1 carbon 23:28 Chitosan/silica coated carbon 0:28 Chitosan/silica coated carbon 0:28 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 4 18 from membrane 852:859 arg1 properties 908:917 mechanical properties 897:917 mechanical properties 897:917 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 4 18 from membrane 852:859 arg1 conductivity 930:941 proton conductivity 923:941 proton conductivity 923:941 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 4 18 from membrane 852:859 arg1 stability 886:894 thermal and oxidative stability 864:894 stability 886:894 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 1 19 theme sol-gel 176:182 arg1 method 184:189 a simple sol-gel method 167:189 a simple sol-gel method 167:189 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 0 20 theme Chitosan/silica 0:14 arg1 carbon 23:28 Chitosan/silica coated carbon 0:28 Chitosan/silica coated carbon 0:28 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 3 21 theme amino 754:758 arg1 chitosan 781:788 chitosan 781:788 chitosan 781:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 3 21 theme amino 754:758 arg1 groups 771:776 the amino functional groups 750:776 the amino functional groups of chitosan 750:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 1 22 theme Silica-coated 104:116 arg1 SCNTs 136:140 SCNTs 136:140 SCNTs 136:140 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 1 22 theme Silica-coated 104:116 arg1 nanotubes 125:133 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes 104:133 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) 104:141 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 5 23 from application 1054:1064 arg1 membranes 1085:1093 proton exchange membranes 1069:1093 proton exchange membranes 1069:1093 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 3 24 theme insulated 435:443 arg1 layer 468:472 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer 431:472 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs 431:487 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 3 25 theme functional 760:769 arg1 chitosan 781:788 chitosan 781:788 chitosan 781:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 3 25 theme functional 760:769 arg1 groups 771:776 the amino functional groups 750:776 the amino functional groups of chitosan 750:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 1 26 theme carbon 118:123 arg1 SCNTs 136:140 SCNTs 136:140 SCNTs 136:140 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 1 26 theme carbon 118:123 arg1 nanotubes 125:133 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes 104:133 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) 104:141 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 4 27 theme proton 923:928 arg1 conductivity 930:941 proton conductivity 923:941 proton conductivity 923:941 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 2 28 theme oxidative 287:295 arg1 stability 297:305 The thermal and oxidative stability 271:305 stability 297:305 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 3 29 theme short-circuiting 523:538 arg1 risk 504:507 the risk 500:507 the risk of electronic short-circuiting 500:538 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 0 30 theme proton 50:55 arg1 membranes 66:74 composite proton exchange membranes 40:74 composite proton exchange membranes 40:74 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 3 31 theme homogenous 610:619 arg1 dispersion 621:630 the homogenous dispersion 606:630 the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs 606:639 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 3 32 theme silica 461:466 arg1 layer 468:472 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer 431:472 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs 431:487 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 0 33 theme composite 40:48 arg1 membranes 66:74 composite proton exchange membranes 40:74 composite proton exchange membranes 40:74 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 3 34 theme chitosan 781:788 arg1 chitosan 781:788 chitosan 781:788 chitosan 781:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 3 34 theme chitosan 781:788 arg1 groups 771:776 the amino functional groups 750:776 the amino functional groups of chitosan 750:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 1 35 used utilized 197:204 arg2 nanotubes 125:133 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes 104:133 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) 104:141 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 1 35 used utilized 197:204 arg2 SCNTs 136:140 SCNTs 136:140 SCNTs 136:140 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 2 36 theme membranes 402:410 arg1 properties 331:340 mechanical properties 320:340 mechanical properties 320:340 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 2 36 theme membranes 402:410 arg1 stability 297:305 The thermal and oxidative stability 271:305 stability 297:305 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 2 36 theme membranes 402:410 arg1 conductivity 367:378 proton conductivity 360:378 proton conductivity 360:378 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 2 36 theme membranes 402:410 arg1 morphology 308:317 morphology 308:317 morphology 308:317 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 2 36 theme membranes 402:410 arg1 uptake 349:354 water uptake 343:354 water uptake 343:354 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 4 37 theme mechanical 897:906 arg1 properties 908:917 mechanical properties 897:917 mechanical properties 897:917 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 3 38 theme water 655:659 arg1 uptake 661:666 the water uptake 651:666 the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes 651:688 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 0 39 theme exchange 57:64 arg1 membranes 66:74 composite proton exchange membranes 40:74 composite proton exchange membranes 40:74 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 3 40 theme groups 771:776 arg1 number 740:745 the effective number 726:745 the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan 726:788 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 5 41 theme proton 1069:1074 arg1 membranes 1085:1093 proton exchange membranes 1069:1093 proton exchange membranes 1069:1093 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 3 42 theme electronic 512:521 arg1 short-circuiting 523:538 electronic short-circuiting 512:538 electronic short-circuiting 512:538 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 4 43 theme composite 804:812 arg1 superior 828:835 superior 828:835 superior 828:835 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 4 43 theme composite 804:812 arg1 membranes 814:822 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes 791:822 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes 791:822 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 5 44 theme exchange 1076:1083 arg1 membranes 1085:1093 proton exchange membranes 1069:1093 proton exchange membranes 1069:1093 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 4 45 theme CS/SCNTs 795:802 arg1 superior 828:835 superior 828:835 superior 828:835 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 4 45 theme CS/SCNTs 795:802 arg1 membranes 814:822 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes 791:822 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes 791:822 The CS/SCNTs composite membranes are superior to the pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, mechanical properties and proton conductivity. 26572483 5 46 theme practical 1044:1052 arg1 application 1054:1064 practical application 1044:1064 practical application in proton exchange membranes 1044:1093 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 2 47 theme mechanical 320:329 arg1 properties 331:340 mechanical properties 320:340 mechanical properties 320:340 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 3 48 theme CS/SCNTs 671:678 arg1 membranes 680:688 CS/SCNTs membranes 671:688 CS/SCNTs membranes 671:688 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 3 49 theme hydrophilic 449:459 arg1 layer 468:472 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer 431:472 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs 431:487 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 0 50 theme fuel 80:83 arg1 applications 90:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 Chitosan/silica coated carbon nanotubes composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. 26572483 3 51 theme membranes 680:688 arg1 uptake 661:666 the water uptake 651:666 the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes 651:688 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 26572483 5 52 theme promising 1020:1028 arg1 potential 1030:1038 promising potential 1020:1038 promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes 1020:1093 The results of this study suggest that CS/SCNTs composite membranes exhibit promising potential for practical application in proton exchange membranes. 26572483 2 53 theme proton 360:365 arg1 conductivity 367:378 proton conductivity 360:378 proton conductivity 360:378 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 2 54 theme CS/SCNTs 383:390 arg1 membranes 402:410 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 383:410 CS/SCNTs composite membranes 383:410 The thermal and oxidative stability, morphology, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of CS/SCNTs composite membranes were investigated. 26572483 1 55 theme chitosan/SCNTs 224:237 arg1 membranes 260:268 chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 224:268 chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes 224:268 Silica-coated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), which were obtained by a simple sol-gel method, were utilized in preparation of chitosan/SCNTs (CS/SCNTs) composite membranes. 26572483 3 56 theme SCNTs 635:639 arg1 dispersion 621:630 the homogenous dispersion 606:630 the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs 606:639 The insulated and hydrophilic silica layer coated on CNTs eliminates the risk of electronic short-circuiting and enhances the interaction between SCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of SCNTs, although the water uptake of CS/SCNTs membranes is reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the amino functional groups of chitosan. 27167424 11 0 theme multiple 1688:1695 arg1 antibiotics 1698:1708 (multiple) antibiotics 1687:1708 (multiple) antibiotics 1687:1708 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 5 1 theme composite 616:624 arg1 coatings 626:633 composite coatings 616:633 composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique 616:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 7 2 theme ratio 988:992 arg1 adjustment 963:972 a simple adjustment 954:972 a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan 954:1037 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 5 3 theme steel 735:739 arg1 plates 741:746 stainless steel plates 725:746 stainless steel plates 725:746 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 11 4 theme orthogonal 1648:1657 arg1 control 1659:1665 orthogonal control 1648:1665 orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections 1648:1843 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 3 5 theme implant 495:501 arg1 surfaces 503:510 implant surfaces 495:510 implant surfaces 495:510 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 7 6 theme surface 886:892 arg1 roughness 894:902 surface roughness 886:902 surface roughness 886:902 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 11 7 theme implants 1623:1630 arg1 capacity 1602:1609 the antibacterial capacity 1584:1609 the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants 1584:1630 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 6 8 theme gelatin 806:812 arg1 nanospheres 814:824 The gelatin nanospheres 802:824 The gelatin nanospheres 802:824 The gelatin nanospheres were distributed homogeneously throughout the coatings. 27167424 11 9 from coatings 1755:1762 arg1 release 1676:1682 the release 1672:1682 the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections 1672:1843 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 11 10 theme implant-associated 1815:1832 arg1 infections 1834:1843 orthopedic implant-associated infections 1804:1843 orthopedic implant-associated infections 1804:1843 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 10 11 theme vancomycin 1475:1484 arg1 vancomycin 1475:1484 vancomycin 1475:1484 vancomycin 1475:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 10 11 theme vancomycin 1475:1484 arg1 amount 1465:1470 a high amount 1458:1470 a high amount of vancomycin 1458:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 3 12 from surfaces 503:510 arg1 release 459:465 sustained release 449:465 sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces 449:510 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 1 13 used used 166:169 arg2 implants 140:147 Orthopedic and dental implants 118:147 implants 140:147 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 4 14 theme major 560:564 arg1 Control 513:519 Control 513:519 Control over this release 513:537 Control over this release is, however, still a major challenge. 27167424 4 14 theme major 560:564 arg1 challenge 566:574 a major challenge 558:574 a major challenge 558:574 Control over this release is, however, still a major challenge. 27167424 5 15 theme stainless 725:733 arg1 plates 741:746 stainless steel plates 725:746 stainless steel plates 725:746 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 3 16 theme antibacterial 470:482 arg1 drugs 484:488 antibacterial drugs 470:488 antibacterial drugs 470:488 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 10 17 theme direct 1516:1521 arg1 contact 1523:1529 direct contact 1516:1529 direct contact with the implant surface 1516:1554 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 0 18 theme Antibiotics 105:115 arg1 Release 94:100 the Release 90:100 the Release of Antibiotics 90:115 Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin Nanospheres To Tune the Release of Antibiotics. 27167424 9 19 theme different 1234:1242 arg1 amounts 1244:1250 different amounts 1234:1250 different amounts of antibiotics 1234:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 9 19 theme different 1234:1242 arg1 antibiotics 1255:1265 antibiotics 1255:1265 antibiotics 1255:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 11 20 theme orthopedic 1804:1813 arg1 infections 1834:1843 orthopedic implant-associated infections 1804:1843 orthopedic implant-associated infections 1804:1843 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 1 21 theme medical 178:184 arg1 field 186:190 the medical field 174:190 the medical field in view of their high success rates 174:226 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 3 22 theme coating 366:372 arg1 application 341:351 the application 337:351 the application of an active coating to the implant surface 337:395 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 3 22 theme coating 366:372 arg1 strategy 426:433 an effective strategy 413:433 an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces 413:510 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 11 23 theme antibiotics 1698:1708 arg1 release 1676:1682 the release 1672:1682 the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections 1672:1843 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 8 24 theme sustained 1085:1093 arg1 manners 1110:1116 sustained and burst-type manners 1085:1116 sustained and burst-type manners 1085:1116 Vancomycin and moxifloxacin were released in sustained and burst-type manners, respectively, while the coatings were highly cytocompatible. 27167424 7 25 dep roughness 894:902 arg1 The 882:884 The 882:884 The 882:884 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 8 26 theme burst-type 1099:1108 arg1 manners 1110:1116 sustained and burst-type manners 1085:1116 sustained and burst-type manners 1085:1116 Vancomycin and moxifloxacin were released in sustained and burst-type manners, respectively, while the coatings were highly cytocompatible. 27167424 0 27 theme Electrophoretic 0:14 arg1 Deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic Deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin 0:68 Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin Nanospheres To Tune the Release of Antibiotics. 27167424 11 28 theme new 1780:1782 arg1 strategy 1784:1791 a new strategy 1778:1791 a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections 1778:1843 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 10 29 theme high 1460:1463 arg1 vancomycin 1475:1484 vancomycin 1475:1484 vancomycin 1475:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 10 29 theme high 1460:1463 arg1 amount 1465:1470 a high amount 1458:1470 a high amount of vancomycin 1458:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 0 30 theme Chitosan 30:37 arg1 Coatings 39:46 Chitosan Coatings 30:46 Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin 30:68 Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin Nanospheres To Tune the Release of Antibiotics. 27167424 7 31 theme simple 956:961 arg1 adjustment 963:972 a simple adjustment 954:972 a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan 954:1037 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 5 32 theme gelatin 676:682 arg1 nanospheres 684:694 gelatin nanospheres 676:694 gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique 676:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 9 33 theme antibiotics 1255:1265 arg1 amounts 1244:1250 different amounts 1234:1250 different amounts of antibiotics 1234:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 9 33 theme antibiotics 1255:1265 arg1 antibiotics 1255:1265 antibiotics 1255:1265 antibiotics 1255:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 3 34 theme active 359:364 arg1 coating 366:372 an active coating 356:372 an active coating 356:372 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 9 35 contain containing 1372:1381 arg1 coatings 1363:1370 the coatings 1359:1370 the coatings containing moxifloxacin 1359:1394 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 9 35 contain containing 1372:1381 arg2 moxifloxacin 1383:1394 moxifloxacin 1383:1394 moxifloxacin 1383:1394 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 3 36 theme sustained 449:457 arg1 release 459:465 sustained release 449:465 sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces 449:510 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 2 37 theme Implant-associated 229:246 arg1 infections 248:257 Implant-associated infections 229:257 Implant-associated infections 229:257 Implant-associated infections, however, still occur and are difficult to treat. 27167424 0 38 theme Coatings 39:46 arg1 Deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic Deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin 0:68 Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan Coatings Modified with Gelatin Nanospheres To Tune the Release of Antibiotics. 27167424 5 39 contain containing 665:674 arg1 matrix 658:663 a chitosan matrix 647:663 a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique 647:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 5 39 contain containing 665:674 arg2 nanospheres 684:694 gelatin nanospheres 676:694 gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique 676:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 5 40 theme electrophoretic 764:778 arg1 technique 791:799 the electrophoretic deposition technique 760:799 the electrophoretic deposition technique 760:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 11 41 theme deposited 1735:1743 arg1 coatings 1755:1762 electrophoretically deposited composite coatings 1715:1762 electrophoretically deposited composite coatings 1715:1762 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 1 42 theme high 209:212 arg1 rates 222:226 their high success rates 203:226 their high success rates 203:226 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 5 43 theme deposition 780:789 arg1 technique 791:799 the electrophoretic deposition technique 760:799 the electrophoretic deposition technique 760:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 9 44 theme obvious 1409:1415 arg1 zone 1428:1431 an obvious inhibition zone 1406:1431 an obvious inhibition zone 1406:1431 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 9 45 theme coatings 1214:1221 arg1 efficacy 1198:1205 The antibacterial efficacy 1180:1205 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics 1180:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 10 46 theme implant 1540:1546 arg1 surface 1548:1554 the implant surface 1536:1554 the implant surface 1536:1554 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 1 47 theme Orthopedic 118:127 arg1 implants 140:147 Orthopedic and dental implants 118:147 implants 140:147 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 3 48 theme implant 381:387 arg1 surface 389:395 the implant surface 377:395 the implant surface 377:395 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 9 49 theme inhibition 1417:1426 arg1 zone 1428:1431 an obvious inhibition zone 1406:1431 an obvious inhibition zone 1406:1431 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 5 50 theme chitosan 649:656 arg1 matrix 658:663 a chitosan matrix 647:663 a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique 647:799 To overcome this problem, we deposited composite coatings composed of a chitosan matrix containing gelatin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics onto stainless steel plates by means of the electrophoretic deposition technique. 27167424 10 51 with contact 1523:1529 arg1 surface 1548:1554 the implant surface 1536:1554 the implant surface 1536:1554 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 7 52 theme gelatin 1006:1012 arg1 nanospheres 1014:1024 the gelatin nanospheres 1002:1024 the gelatin nanospheres 1002:1024 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 3 53 theme drugs 484:488 arg1 release 459:465 sustained release 449:465 sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces 449:510 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 7 54 theme coatings 927:934 arg1 wettability 908:918 wettability 908:918 wettability 908:918 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 7 54 theme coatings 927:934 arg1 roughness 894:902 surface roughness 886:902 surface roughness 886:902 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 11 55 theme metallic 1614:1621 arg1 implants 1623:1630 metallic implants 1614:1630 metallic implants 1614:1630 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 11 56 theme antibacterial 1588:1600 arg1 capacity 1602:1609 the antibacterial capacity 1584:1609 the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants 1584:1630 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 1 57 theme dental 133:138 arg1 implants 140:147 Orthopedic and dental implants 118:147 implants 140:147 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 9 58 theme antibacterial 1184:1196 arg1 efficacy 1198:1205 The antibacterial efficacy 1180:1205 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics 1180:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 1 59 theme success 214:220 arg1 rates 222:226 their high success rates 203:226 their high success rates 203:226 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 9 60 theme inhibition 1294:1303 arg1 test 1305:1308 inhibition test 1294:1308 inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus 1294:1338 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 1 61 from field 186:190 arg1 view 195:198 view 195:198 view of their high success rates 195:226 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 1 62 theme rates 222:226 arg1 view 195:198 view 195:198 view of their high success rates 195:226 Orthopedic and dental implants are increasingly used in the medical field in view of their high success rates. 27167424 9 63 theme test 1305:1308 arg1 zone 1286:1289 a zone 1284:1289 a zone 1284:1289 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 3 64 theme effective 416:424 arg1 application 341:351 the application 337:351 the application of an active coating to the implant surface 337:395 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 3 64 theme effective 416:424 arg1 strategy 426:433 an effective strategy 413:433 an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces 413:510 To combat these infections, the application of an active coating to the implant surface is advocated as an effective strategy to facilitate sustained release of antibacterial drugs from implant surfaces. 27167424 7 65 theme weight 981:986 arg1 ratio 988:992 the weight ratio 977:992 the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan 977:1037 The surface roughness and wettability of the coatings could be tuned by a simple adjustment of the weight ratio between the gelatin nanospheres and chitosan. 27167424 9 66 contain containing 1223:1232 arg1 coatings 1214:1221 the coatings 1210:1221 the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics 1210:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 9 66 contain containing 1223:1232 arg2 antibiotics 1255:1265 antibiotics 1255:1265 antibiotics 1255:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 9 66 contain containing 1223:1232 arg2 amounts 1244:1250 different amounts 1234:1250 different amounts of antibiotics 1234:1265 The antibacterial efficacy of the coatings containing different amounts of antibiotics was tested using a zone of inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed that the coatings containing moxifloxacin exhibited an obvious inhibition zone. 27167424 11 67 theme composite 1745:1753 arg1 coatings 1755:1762 electrophoretically deposited composite coatings 1715:1762 electrophoretically deposited composite coatings 1715:1762 These results suggest that the antibacterial capacity of metallic implants can be tuned by orthogonal control over the release of (multiple) antibiotics from electrophoretically deposited composite coatings, which offers a new strategy to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. 27167424 10 68 contain containing 1447:1456 arg1 coatings 1438:1445 The coatings 1434:1445 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin 1434:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 10 68 contain containing 1447:1456 arg2 vancomycin 1475:1484 vancomycin 1475:1484 vancomycin 1475:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 10 68 contain containing 1447:1456 arg2 amount 1465:1470 a high amount 1458:1470 a high amount of vancomycin 1458:1484 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 27167424 10 68 contain containing 1447:1456 arg1 able 1491:1494 able 1491:1494 able 1491:1494 The coatings containing a high amount of vancomycin were able to kill bacteria in direct contact with the implant surface. 25952881 2 0 theme starch 123:128 arg1 characteristics 130:144 starch characteristics 123:144 starch characteristics of acorn 123:153 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 5 1 theme weight 417:422 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 4 2 theme moisture 200:207 arg1 content 209:215 The moisture content 196:215 The moisture content of acorn seeds 196:230 The moisture content of acorn seeds was 7.55%. 25952881 4 2 theme moisture 200:207 arg1 % 240:240 7.55% 236:240 7.55% 236:240 The moisture content of acorn seeds was 7.55%. 25952881 5 3 theme extract 317:323 arg1 contents 325:332 nitrogen-free extract contents 303:332 nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed 303:346 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 4 theme crude 258:262 arg1 protein 264:270 crude protein 258:270 crude protein 258:270 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 13 5 theme typical 1005:1011 arg1 pattern 1028:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 4 6 theme acorn 220:224 arg1 seeds 226:230 acorn seeds 220:230 acorn seeds 220:230 The moisture content of acorn seeds was 7.55%. 25952881 12 7 dep amylose 936:942 arg1 contents 960:967 contents 960:967 contents 960:967 The ratio between amylose and amylopectin contents was 25.39:72.94. 25952881 13 8 theme Acorn 986:990 arg1 starch 992:997 Acorn starch 986:997 Acorn starch 986:997 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 13 9 theme A-type 1013:1018 arg1 pattern 1028:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 5 10 from % 365:365 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 6 11 theme fatty 487:491 arg1 oleic 441:445 oleic 441:445 oleic 441:445 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 11 theme fatty 487:491 arg1 palmitic 452:459 palmitic 452:459 palmitic 452:459 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 11 theme fatty 487:491 arg1 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 11 theme fatty 487:491 arg1 acids 493:497 the most predominant fatty acids 466:497 the most predominant fatty acids 466:497 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 2 12 theme Quercus 156:162 arg1 composition 107:117 chemical composition 98:117 chemical composition 98:117 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 2 12 theme Quercus 156:162 arg1 Bl 177:178 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 14 13 theme gelatinization 1076:1089 arg1 temperature 1091:1101 The gelatinization temperature 1072:1101 The gelatinization temperature 1072:1101 The gelatinization temperature was 66.53 °C and the transition enthalpy was 4.33 J/g. 25952881 14 13 theme gelatinization 1076:1089 arg1 °C 1113:1114 66.53 °C 1107:1114 66.53 °C 1107:1114 The gelatinization temperature was 66.53 °C and the transition enthalpy was 4.33 J/g. 25952881 9 14 theme Acorn 664:668 arg1 seeds 670:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 9 14 theme Acorn 664:668 arg1 source 688:693 a good source 681:693 a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn 681:711 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 14 15 theme transition 1124:1133 arg1 enthalpy 1135:1142 the transition enthalpy 1120:1142 the transition enthalpy 1120:1142 The gelatinization temperature was 66.53 °C and the transition enthalpy was 4.33 J/g. 25952881 14 15 theme transition 1124:1133 arg1 J/g 1153:1155 4.33 J/g 1148:1155 4.33 J/g 1148:1155 The gelatinization temperature was 66.53 °C and the transition enthalpy was 4.33 J/g. 25952881 2 16 theme acorn 149:153 arg1 composition 107:117 chemical composition 98:117 chemical composition 98:117 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 2 16 theme acorn 149:153 arg1 characteristics 130:144 starch characteristics 123:144 starch characteristics of acorn 123:153 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 2 16 theme acorn 149:153 arg1 Bl 177:178 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 6 17 theme most 470:473 arg1 oleic 441:445 oleic 441:445 oleic 441:445 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 17 theme most 470:473 arg1 palmitic 452:459 palmitic 452:459 palmitic 452:459 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 17 theme most 470:473 arg1 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 17 theme most 470:473 arg1 acids 493:497 the most predominant fatty acids 466:497 the most predominant fatty acids 466:497 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 11 18 theme μm 914:915 arg1 size 896:899 granule size 888:899 granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm 888:915 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 6 19 theme predominant 475:485 arg1 oleic 441:445 oleic 441:445 oleic 441:445 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 19 theme predominant 475:485 arg1 palmitic 452:459 palmitic 452:459 palmitic 452:459 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 19 theme predominant 475:485 arg1 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic 431:438 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 6 19 theme predominant 475:485 arg1 acids 493:497 the most predominant fatty acids 466:497 the most predominant fatty acids 466:497 Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic were the most predominant fatty acids. 25952881 8 20 theme amino 589:593 arg1 low 629:631 low 629:631 low 629:631 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 8 20 theme amino 589:593 arg1 content 600:606 The essential amino acid content 575:606 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds 575:623 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 9 21 theme Zn 702:703 arg1 seeds 670:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 9 21 theme Zn 702:703 arg1 source 688:693 a good source 681:693 a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn 681:711 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 0 22 theme Nutrient 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Nutrient composition 0:19 Nutrient composition 0:19 Nutrient composition and starch characteristics of Quercus glandulifera Bl. 25952881 13 23 theme 23.53 1041:1045 arg1 % 1046:1046 % 1046:1046 % 1046:1046 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 11 24 contain had 836:838 arg2 morphology 872:881 elliptical morphology 861:881 elliptical morphology 861:881 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 11 24 contain had 836:838 arg2 triangle 847:854 triangle 847:854 triangle 847:854 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 11 24 contain had 836:838 arg1 Starch 802:807 Starch 802:807 Starch extracted from acorn seeds 802:834 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 11 24 contain had 836:838 arg2 round 840:844 round 840:844 round 840:844 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 9 25 theme good 683:686 arg1 seeds 670:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 9 25 theme good 683:686 arg1 source 688:693 a good source 681:693 a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn 681:711 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 0 26 theme starch 25:30 arg1 characteristics 32:46 starch characteristics 25:46 starch characteristics 25:46 Nutrient composition and starch characteristics of Quercus glandulifera Bl. 25952881 8 27 from seeds 619:623 arg1 low 629:631 low 629:631 low 629:631 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 8 27 from seeds 619:623 arg1 content 600:606 The essential amino acid content 575:606 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds 575:623 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 10 28 theme vitamins 730:737 arg1 contents 718:725 The contents 714:725 The contents of vitamins A and E 714:745 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 10 28 theme vitamins 730:737 arg1 RE/100g 760:766 1.40 mg RE/100g 752:766 1.40 mg RE/100g 752:766 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 11 29 theme granule 888:894 arg1 size 896:899 granule size 888:899 granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm 888:915 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 13 30 theme % 1046:1046 arg1 crystallinity 1057:1069 23.53% relative crystallinity 1041:1069 23.53% relative crystallinity 1041:1069 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 5 31 from % 372:372 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 11 32 theme elliptical 861:870 arg1 morphology 872:881 elliptical morphology 861:881 elliptical morphology 861:881 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 5 33 theme nitrogen-free 303:315 arg1 contents 325:332 nitrogen-free extract contents 303:332 nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed 303:346 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 13 34 theme relative 1048:1055 arg1 crystallinity 1057:1069 23.53% relative crystallinity 1041:1069 23.53% relative crystallinity 1041:1069 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 10 35 theme mg 757:758 arg1 contents 718:725 The contents 714:725 The contents of vitamins A and E 714:745 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 10 35 theme mg 757:758 arg1 RE/100g 760:766 1.40 mg RE/100g 752:766 1.40 mg RE/100g 752:766 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 13 36 contain had 999:1001 arg1 starch 992:997 Acorn starch 986:997 Acorn starch 986:997 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 13 36 contain had 999:1001 arg2 pattern 1028:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 5 37 theme dietary 273:279 arg1 fiber 281:285 dietary fiber 273:285 dietary fiber 273:285 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 9 38 theme Fe 698:699 arg1 seeds 670:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 9 38 theme Fe 698:699 arg1 source 688:693 a good source 681:693 a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn 681:711 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 10 39 theme 1.40 752:755 arg1 mg 757:758 mg 757:758 mg 757:758 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 7 40 dep UFA 500:502 arg1 SFA 504:506 SFA 504:506 SFA 504:506 UFA:SFA and SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.6:1 and 1.25:1.34:1, respectively. 25952881 7 40 dep UFA 500:502 arg1 1.25:1.34:1 548:558 1.25:1.34:1 548:558 1.25:1.34:1 548:558 UFA:SFA and SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.6:1 and 1.25:1.34:1, respectively. 25952881 7 40 dep UFA 500:502 arg1 2.6:1 538:542 2.6:1 538:542 2.6:1 538:542 UFA:SFA and SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.6:1 and 1.25:1.34:1, respectively. 25952881 7 40 dep UFA 500:502 arg1 SFA 512:514 SFA 512:514 SFA 512:514 UFA:SFA and SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.6:1 and 1.25:1.34:1, respectively. 25952881 0 41 theme glandulifera 59:70 arg1 Bl 72:73 Quercus glandulifera Bl 51:73 Quercus glandulifera Bl 51:73 Nutrient composition and starch characteristics of Quercus glandulifera Bl. 25952881 2 42 theme chemical 98:105 arg1 composition 107:117 chemical composition 98:117 chemical composition 98:117 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 2 42 theme chemical 98:105 arg1 Bl 177:178 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 2 43 theme glandulifera 164:175 arg1 composition 107:117 chemical composition 98:117 chemical composition 98:117 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 2 43 theme glandulifera 164:175 arg1 Bl 177:178 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 Quercus glandulifera Bl. 156:179 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 25952881 5 44 from % 379:379 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 45 theme crude 247:251 arg1 fat 253:255 The crude fat 243:255 The crude fat 243:255 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 45 theme crude 247:251 arg1 % 357:357 4.20% 353:357 4.20% 353:357 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 10 46 dep vitamins 730:737 arg1 vitamins 730:737 vitamins 730:737 vitamins A and E 730:745 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 10 46 dep vitamins 730:737 arg1 E 745:745 E 745:745 E 745:745 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 10 46 dep vitamins 730:737 arg1 A 739:739 A 739:739 A 739:739 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 0 47 theme Quercus 51:57 arg1 Bl 72:73 Quercus glandulifera Bl 51:73 Quercus glandulifera Bl 51:73 Nutrient composition and starch characteristics of Quercus glandulifera Bl. 25952881 8 48 theme acid 595:598 arg1 low 629:631 low 629:631 low 629:631 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 8 48 theme acid 595:598 arg1 content 600:606 The essential amino acid content 575:606 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds 575:623 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 5 49 from % 357:357 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 13 50 theme crystal 1020:1026 arg1 pattern 1028:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 a typical A-type crystal pattern 1003:1034 Acorn starch had a typical A-type crystal pattern with 23.53% relative crystallinity. 25952881 8 51 theme reference 646:654 arg1 values 656:661 FAO reference values 642:661 FAO reference values 642:661 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 5 52 theme total 288:292 arg1 ash 294:296 total ash 288:296 total ash 288:296 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 7 53 theme PUFA 521:524 arg1 ratios 526:531 MUFA:PUFA ratios 516:531 MUFA:PUFA ratios 516:531 UFA:SFA and SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.6:1 and 1.25:1.34:1, respectively. 25952881 10 54 theme mg/100 778:783 arg1 g 785:785 10.78 mg/100 g 772:785 10.78 mg/100 g 772:785 The contents of vitamins A and E were 1.40 mg RE/100g and 10.78 mg/100 g, respectively. 25952881 4 55 theme seeds 226:230 arg1 content 209:215 The moisture content 196:215 The moisture content of acorn seeds 196:230 The moisture content of acorn seeds was 7.55%. 25952881 4 55 theme seeds 226:230 arg1 % 240:240 7.55% 236:240 7.55% 236:240 The moisture content of acorn seeds was 7.55%. 25952881 5 56 theme seed 343:346 arg1 protein 264:270 crude protein 258:270 crude protein 258:270 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 56 theme seed 343:346 arg1 ash 294:296 total ash 288:296 total ash 288:296 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 56 theme seed 343:346 arg1 fat 253:255 The crude fat 243:255 The crude fat 243:255 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 56 theme seed 343:346 arg1 fiber 281:285 dietary fiber 273:285 dietary fiber 273:285 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 56 theme seed 343:346 arg1 % 357:357 4.20% 353:357 4.20% 353:357 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 5 56 theme seed 343:346 arg1 contents 325:332 nitrogen-free extract contents 303:332 nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed 303:346 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 1 57 from China 87:91 arg1 seeds 76:80 seeds 76:80 seeds from China. 76:92 seeds from China. 25952881 9 58 theme Mn 710:711 arg1 seeds 670:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds 664:674 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 9 58 theme Mn 710:711 arg1 source 688:693 a good source 681:693 a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn 681:711 Acorn seeds were a good source of Fe, Zn, and Mn. 25952881 7 59 theme MUFA 516:519 arg1 ratios 526:531 MUFA:PUFA ratios 516:531 MUFA:PUFA ratios 516:531 UFA:SFA and SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.6:1 and 1.25:1.34:1, respectively. 25952881 5 60 from % 391:391 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 8 61 theme FAO 642:644 arg1 values 656:661 FAO reference values 642:661 FAO reference values 642:661 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 0 62 theme Bl 72:73 arg1 composition 9:19 Nutrient composition 0:19 Nutrient composition 0:19 Nutrient composition and starch characteristics of Quercus glandulifera Bl. 25952881 0 62 theme Bl 72:73 arg1 characteristics 32:46 starch characteristics 25:46 starch characteristics 25:46 Nutrient composition and starch characteristics of Quercus glandulifera Bl. 25952881 8 63 theme acorn 613:617 arg1 seeds 619:623 acorn seeds 613:623 acorn seeds 613:623 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 5 64 theme dry 413:415 arg1 basis 424:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 a dry weight basis 411:428 The crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract contents of acorn seed were 4.20%, 10.16%, 2.95%, 0.03%, and 82.66%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. 25952881 11 65 theme acorn 824:828 arg1 seeds 830:834 acorn seeds 824:834 acorn seeds 824:834 Starch extracted from acorn seeds had round, triangle, and elliptical morphology with granule size of 3.3-126.2 μm. 25952881 8 66 theme essential 579:587 arg1 low 629:631 low 629:631 low 629:631 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 8 66 theme essential 579:587 arg1 content 600:606 The essential amino acid content 575:606 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds 575:623 The essential amino acid content from acorn seeds was low based on FAO reference values. 25952881 2 67 dep composition 107:117 arg1 The 94:96 The 94:96 The 94:96 The chemical composition and starch characteristics of acorn (Quercus glandulifera Bl.) 27908715 8 0 theme other 1122:1126 arg1 films 1136:1140 other protein films 1122:1140 other protein films 1122:1140 The WVP (6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2) of the films were lower than other protein films. 27908715 9 1 theme protein 1284:1290 arg1 4.26±0.66MPa 1299:1310 4.26±0.66MPa 1299:1310 4.26±0.66MPa 1299:1310 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 1 theme protein 1284:1290 arg1 films 1292:1296 pure protein films 1279:1296 pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa) 1279:1311 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 2 theme Tensile 1143:1149 arg1 TS 1161:1162 TS 1161:1162 TS 1161:1162 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 2 theme Tensile 1143:1149 arg1 strength 1151:1158 Tensile strength 1143:1158 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) 1143:1238 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 10 3 theme mechanical 1447:1456 arg1 properties 1458:1467 excellent mechanical properties 1437:1467 excellent mechanical properties 1437:1467 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 9 4 contain containing 1181:1190 arg1 films 1175:1179 films 1175:1179 films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) 1175:1238 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 4 contain containing 1181:1190 arg2 % 1204:1204 2.0% BC 1201:1207 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) 1201:1238 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 4 contain containing 1181:1190 arg2 % 1195:1195 1.8% 1192:1195 1.8% 1192:1195 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 5 theme strength 1151:1158 arg1 values 1165:1170 Tensile strength (TS) values 1143:1170 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) 1143:1238 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 10 6 theme vapor 1414:1418 arg1 permeability 1420:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 0 7 theme buckwheat 108:116 arg1 distiller 118:126 buckwheat distiller's 108:128 buckwheat distiller's dried grains 108:141 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 7 8 theme water 953:957 arg1 WS 971:972 WS 971:972 WS 971:972 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 8 theme water 953:957 arg1 solubility 959:968 water solubility 953:968 water solubility (WS) 953:973 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 10 9 theme proteins 1329:1336 arg1 Combination 1314:1324 Combination 1314:1324 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC 1314:1374 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 7 10 theme film 901:904 arg1 characteristics 906:920 film characteristics 901:920 film characteristics 901:920 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 10 theme film 901:904 arg1 content 939:945 moisture content 930:945 moisture content (MC) 930:950 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 10 theme film 901:904 arg1 solubility 959:968 water solubility 953:968 water solubility (WS) 953:973 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 10 theme film 901:904 arg1 permeability 992:1003 water vapor permeability 980:1003 water vapor permeability (WVP) 980:1009 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 2 11 with compatible 326:335 arg1 matrix 350:355 protein matrix 342:355 protein matrix 342:355 The film microstructures showed that BC is compatible with protein matrix and endows the film with high rigidity. 27908715 8 12 theme protein 1128:1134 arg1 films 1136:1140 other protein films 1122:1140 other protein films 1122:1140 The WVP (6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2) of the films were lower than other protein films. 27908715 4 13 theme shear 583:587 arg1 thinning 589:596 the shear thinning 579:596 the shear thinning 579:596 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27908715 5 14 theme lower 741:745 arg1 wavenumbers 747:757 lower wavenumbers 741:757 lower wavenumbers 741:757 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 10 15 theme low 1404:1406 arg1 permeability 1420:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 2 16 theme film 287:290 arg1 microstructures 292:306 The film microstructures 283:306 The film microstructures 283:306 The film microstructures showed that BC is compatible with protein matrix and endows the film with high rigidity. 27908715 10 17 theme excellent 1437:1445 arg1 properties 1458:1467 excellent mechanical properties 1437:1467 excellent mechanical properties 1437:1467 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 10 18 theme water 1408:1412 arg1 permeability 1420:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 4 19 from Newtonian 540:548 arg1 transition 522:531 the transition 518:531 the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution 518:628 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27908715 6 20 theme analysis 795:802 arg1 Results 760:766 Results 760:766 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis 760:802 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis proved the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds. 27908715 9 21 dep % 1204:1204 arg1 15.03±2.04MPa 1225:1237 15.03±2.04MPa 1225:1237 15.03±2.04MPa 1225:1237 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 21 dep % 1204:1204 arg1 14.98±0.97 1210:1219 14.98±0.97 1210:1219 14.98±0.97 1210:1219 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 6 22 theme viscosity 785:793 arg1 analysis 795:802 viscosity analysis 785:802 viscosity analysis 785:802 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis proved the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds. 27908715 5 23 theme absorption 713:722 arg1 peaks 724:728 the main functional groups' absorption peaks 685:728 the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers 685:757 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 3 24 theme Differential 397:408 arg1 calorimetry 419:429 Differential scanning calorimetry 397:429 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 397:435 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 3 24 theme Differential 397:408 arg1 DSC 432:434 DSC 432:434 DSC 432:434 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 5 25 theme Infrared 649:656 arg1 spectroscopy 665:676 Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 649:676 Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 649:676 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 9 26 theme films 1175:1179 arg1 values 1165:1170 Tensile strength (TS) values 1143:1170 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) 1143:1238 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 6 27 theme hydrogen 864:871 arg1 bonds 873:877 hydrogen bonds 864:877 hydrogen bonds 864:877 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis proved the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds. 27908715 10 28 with films 1393:1397 arg1 permeability 1420:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 low water vapor permeability 1404:1431 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 10 28 with films 1393:1397 arg1 properties 1458:1467 excellent mechanical properties 1437:1467 excellent mechanical properties 1437:1467 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 2 29 theme high 382:385 arg1 rigidity 387:394 high rigidity 382:394 high rigidity 382:394 The film microstructures showed that BC is compatible with protein matrix and endows the film with high rigidity. 27908715 9 30 theme pure 1279:1282 arg1 4.26±0.66MPa 1299:1310 4.26±0.66MPa 1299:1310 4.26±0.66MPa 1299:1310 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 9 30 theme pure 1279:1282 arg1 films 1292:1296 pure protein films 1279:1296 pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa) 1279:1311 Tensile strength (TS) values of films containing 1.8% and 2.0% BC (14.98±0.97 and 15.03±2.04MPa) were significantly higher than that of pure protein films (4.26±0.66MPa). 27908715 7 31 theme BC 1045:1046 arg1 addition 1033:1040 addition 1033:1040 addition of BC 1033:1046 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 6 32 theme FTIR 776:779 arg1 Results 760:766 Results 760:766 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis 760:802 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis proved the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds. 27908715 10 33 theme composite 1383:1391 arg1 films 1393:1397 composite films 1383:1397 composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties 1383:1467 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 3 34 theme thermal 464:470 arg1 stability 472:480 thermal stability 464:480 thermal stability of the composite films 464:503 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 7 35 theme vapor 986:990 arg1 WVP 1006:1008 WVP 1006:1008 WVP 1006:1008 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 35 theme vapor 986:990 arg1 permeability 992:1003 water vapor permeability 980:1003 water vapor permeability (WVP) 980:1009 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 4 36 theme fluid 569:573 arg1 behavior 598:605 a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior 553:605 a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution 553:628 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27908715 0 37 theme dried 130:134 arg1 grains 136:141 buckwheat distiller's dried grains 108:141 buckwheat distiller's dried grains 108:141 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 10 38 theme waste 1355:1359 arg1 product 1361:1367 a waste product 1353:1367 a waste product 1353:1367 Combination of proteins extracted from a waste product and BC led to composite films with low water vapor permeability and excellent mechanical properties. 27908715 0 39 theme cellulose 46:54 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 0 39 theme cellulose 46:54 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 4 40 theme non-Newtonian 555:567 arg1 fluid 569:573 non-Newtonian fluid 555:573 non-Newtonian fluid 555:573 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27908715 4 41 theme solution 621:628 arg1 behavior 598:605 a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior 553:605 a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution 553:628 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27908715 0 42 theme bacterial 36:44 arg1 cellulose 46:54 bacterial cellulose 36:54 bacterial cellulose 36:54 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 5 43 dep Infrared 649:656 arg1 FTIR 659:662 FTIR 659:662 FTIR 659:662 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 0 44 from grains 136:141 arg1 protein 95:101 protein 95:101 protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains 95:141 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 1 45 theme dried 239:243 arg1 grains 245:250 buckwheat distiller's dried grains 217:250 buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC) 217:280 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 3 46 theme scanning 410:417 arg1 calorimetry 419:429 Differential scanning calorimetry 397:429 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 397:435 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 3 46 theme scanning 410:417 arg1 DSC 432:434 DSC 432:434 DSC 432:434 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 8 47 theme films 1100:1104 arg1 6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2 1058:1090 6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2 1058:1090 6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2 1058:1090 The WVP (6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2) of the films were lower than other protein films. 27908715 8 47 theme films 1100:1104 arg1 WVP 1053:1055 The WVP 1049:1055 The WVP (6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2) of the films 1049:1104 The WVP (6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2) of the films were lower than other protein films. 27908715 8 47 theme films 1100:1104 arg1 lower 1111:1115 lower 1111:1115 lower 1111:1115 The WVP (6.68±0.78-5.95±0.54×10-10gm/Pasm2) of the films were lower than other protein films. 27908715 3 48 theme composite 489:497 arg1 films 499:503 the composite films 485:503 the composite films 485:503 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 5 49 dep Fourier 631:637 arg1 Transform 639:647 Transform 639:647 Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 639:676 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 4 50 theme thinning 589:596 arg1 behavior 598:605 a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior 553:605 a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution 553:628 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27908715 3 51 theme films 499:503 arg1 stability 472:480 thermal stability 464:480 thermal stability of the composite films 464:503 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that BC can promote thermal stability of the composite films. 27908715 5 52 theme main 689:692 arg1 peaks 724:728 the main functional groups' absorption peaks 685:728 the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers 685:757 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 2 53 theme protein 342:348 arg1 matrix 350:355 protein matrix 342:355 protein matrix 342:355 The film microstructures showed that BC is compatible with protein matrix and endows the film with high rigidity. 27908715 5 54 theme functional 694:703 arg1 peaks 724:728 the main functional groups' absorption peaks 685:728 the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers 685:757 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main functional groups' absorption peaks shifted to lower wavenumbers. 27908715 6 55 theme interactions 843:854 arg1 formation 815:823 the formation 811:823 the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds 811:877 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis proved the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds. 27908715 7 56 theme water 980:984 arg1 WVP 1006:1008 WVP 1006:1008 WVP 1006:1008 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 56 theme water 980:984 arg1 permeability 992:1003 water vapor permeability 980:1003 water vapor permeability (WVP) 980:1009 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 1 57 theme Biocomposite 144:155 arg1 films 157:161 Biocomposite films 144:161 Biocomposite films 144:161 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 6 58 theme intermolecular 828:841 arg1 interactions 843:854 intermolecular interactions 828:854 intermolecular interactions 828:854 Results of both FTIR and viscosity analysis proved the formation of intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds. 27908715 1 59 theme buckwheat 217:225 arg1 distiller 227:235 buckwheat distiller's 217:237 buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC) 217:280 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 7 60 theme moisture 930:937 arg1 MC 948:949 MC 948:949 MC 948:949 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 7 60 theme moisture 930:937 arg1 content 939:945 moisture content 930:945 moisture content (MC) 930:950 These bonds affected film characteristics such as moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP), which decreased with addition of BC. 27908715 1 61 theme bacterial 257:265 arg1 BC 278:279 BC 278:279 BC 278:279 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 1 61 theme bacterial 257:265 arg1 cellulose 267:275 bacterial cellulose 257:275 bacterial cellulose (BC) 257:280 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 0 62 theme biocomposite 67:78 arg1 films 80:84 biocomposite films 67:84 biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains 67:141 Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced biocomposite films based on protein from buckwheat distiller's dried grains. 27908715 1 63 with grains 245:250 arg1 BC 278:279 BC 278:279 BC 278:279 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 1 63 with grains 245:250 arg1 cellulose 267:275 bacterial cellulose 257:275 bacterial cellulose (BC) 257:280 Biocomposite films were manufactured by combining protein extracted from buckwheat distiller's dried grains with bacterial cellulose (BC). 27908715 4 64 theme protein-BC 610:619 arg1 solution 621:628 protein-BC solution 610:628 protein-BC solution 610:628 BC promoted the transition from a Newtonian to a non-Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning behavior of protein-BC solution. 27842820 0 0 theme 4-nitrophenol 118:130 arg1 reduction 105:113 reduction 105:113 reduction of 4-nitrophenol 105:130 Cellulose nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/silver nanoparticle composite as a catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27842820 5 1 theme reaction 802:809 arg1 experiments 811:821 the catalytic reaction experiments 788:821 the catalytic reaction experiments 788:821 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 2 2 theme unique 389:394 arg1 properties 396:405 its unique properties 385:405 its unique properties 385:405 Nanocellulose can be a versatile support/carrier in stabilizing metal NPs catalysts, due to its unique properties. 27842820 6 3 theme Ag 1059:1060 arg1 NPs 1062:1064 Ag NPs 1059:1064 Ag NPs 1059:1064 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 5 4 theme experiments 811:821 arg1 results 777:783 The results 773:783 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments 773:821 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 6 5 from distribution 1119:1130 arg1 system 1173:1178 the catalytic system 1159:1178 the catalytic system 1159:1178 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 4 6 theme dispersive 736:745 arg1 EDX 767:769 EDX 767:769 EDX 767:769 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 4 6 theme dispersive 736:745 arg1 spectroscopy 753:764 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 729:764 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 729:770 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 5 7 theme CNC/Ag 1005:1010 arg1 samples 1012:1018 CNC/Ag samples 1005:1018 CNC/Ag samples 1005:1018 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 5 8 theme Ag 994:995 arg1 NPs 997:999 the control Ag NPs 982:999 the control Ag NPs 982:999 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 2 9 theme versatile 316:324 arg1 support/carrier 326:340 a versatile support/carrier 314:340 a versatile support/carrier 314:340 Nanocellulose can be a versatile support/carrier in stabilizing metal NPs catalysts, due to its unique properties. 27842820 2 9 theme versatile 316:324 arg1 Nanocellulose 293:305 Nanocellulose 293:305 Nanocellulose 293:305 Nanocellulose can be a versatile support/carrier in stabilizing metal NPs catalysts, due to its unique properties. 27842820 4 10 theme X-ray 747:751 arg1 EDX 767:769 EDX 767:769 EDX 767:769 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 4 10 theme X-ray 747:751 arg1 spectroscopy 753:764 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 729:764 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 729:770 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 6 11 theme NPs 1062:1064 arg1 performance 1044:1054 The enhanced catalytic performance 1021:1054 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs 1021:1064 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 7 12 theme Ag 1246:1247 arg1 NPs 1249:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs 1226:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater 1226:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 5 13 theme higher 885:890 arg1 efficiency 902:911 higher catalytic efficiency 885:911 higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol 885:967 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 3 14 theme Ag 567:568 arg1 nanoparticles 552:564 silver nanoparticles 545:564 silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 545:573 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 14 theme Ag 567:568 arg1 NPs 570:572 Ag NPs 567:572 Ag NPs 567:572 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 15 theme cellulose 486:494 arg1 CNC 510:512 CNC 510:512 CNC 510:512 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 15 theme cellulose 486:494 arg1 nanocrystals 496:507 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals 423:507 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 423:513 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 15 theme cellulose 486:494 arg1 support 533:539 a support 531:539 a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 531:573 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 6 16 theme catalytic 1034:1042 arg1 performance 1044:1054 The enhanced catalytic performance 1021:1054 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs 1021:1064 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 7 17 theme stabilized 1235:1244 arg1 NPs 1249:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs 1226:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater 1226:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 6 18 theme nanoparticles 1142:1154 arg1 dispersity 1097:1106 the improved dispersity and narrow distribution 1084:1130 dispersity 1097:1106 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 6 18 theme nanoparticles 1142:1154 arg1 distribution 1119:1130 the improved dispersity and narrow distribution 1084:1130 distribution 1119:1130 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 1 19 theme significant 201:211 arg1 interest 222:229 significant research interest 201:229 significant research interest 201:229 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 27842820 7 20 theme CNC-CTAB 1226:1233 arg1 NPs 1249:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs 1226:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater 1226:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 7 21 theme promising 1270:1278 arg1 applications 1280:1291 promising applications 1270:1291 promising applications 1270:1291 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 6 22 theme enhanced 1025:1032 arg1 performance 1044:1054 The enhanced catalytic performance 1021:1054 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs 1021:1064 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 2 23 theme NPs 363:365 arg1 catalysts 367:375 metal NPs catalysts 357:375 metal NPs catalysts 357:375 Nanocellulose can be a versatile support/carrier in stabilizing metal NPs catalysts, due to its unique properties. 27842820 1 24 theme research 213:220 arg1 interest 222:229 significant research interest 201:229 significant research interest 201:229 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 27842820 0 25 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium 10:47 Cellulose nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium 0:47 Cellulose nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium 0:47 Cellulose nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/silver nanoparticle composite as a catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27842820 4 26 theme obtained 580:587 arg1 composite 612:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite 576:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite 576:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 2 27 theme metal 357:361 arg1 catalysts 367:375 metal NPs catalysts 357:375 metal NPs catalysts 357:375 Nanocellulose can be a versatile support/carrier in stabilizing metal NPs catalysts, due to its unique properties. 27842820 3 28 theme surfactant-adsorbed 466:484 arg1 CNC 510:512 CNC 510:512 CNC 510:512 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 28 theme surfactant-adsorbed 466:484 arg1 nanocrystals 496:507 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals 423:507 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 423:513 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 28 theme surfactant-adsorbed 466:484 arg1 support 533:539 a support 531:539 a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 531:573 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 0 29 theme nanoparticle 64:75 arg1 composite 77:85 nanoparticle composite 64:85 nanoparticle composite 64:85 Cellulose nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/silver nanoparticle composite as a catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27842820 0 29 theme nanoparticle 64:75 arg1 catalyst 92:99 a catalyst 90:99 a catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol 90:130 Cellulose nanocrystal/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/silver nanoparticle composite as a catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27842820 6 30 from dispersity 1097:1106 arg1 system 1173:1178 the catalytic system 1159:1178 the catalytic system 1159:1178 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 6 31 theme improved 1088:1095 arg1 dispersity 1097:1106 the improved dispersity and narrow distribution 1084:1130 dispersity 1097:1106 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 4 32 theme nanohybrid 601:610 arg1 composite 612:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite 576:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite 576:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 3 33 theme silver 545:550 arg1 nanoparticles 552:564 silver nanoparticles 545:564 silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 545:573 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 33 theme silver 545:550 arg1 NPs 570:572 Ag NPs 567:572 Ag NPs 567:572 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 5 34 theme 4-nitrophenol 938:950 arg1 reduction 925:933 the reduction 921:933 the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol 921:967 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 7 35 theme novel 1202:1206 arg1 catalyst 1208:1215 a novel catalyst 1200:1215 a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater 1200:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 4 36 theme CNC/CTAB/Ag 589:599 arg1 composite 612:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite 576:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite 576:620 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 5 37 theme catalytic 892:900 arg1 efficiency 902:911 higher catalytic efficiency 885:911 higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol 885:967 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 6 38 theme narrow 1112:1117 arg1 distribution 1119:1130 the improved dispersity and narrow distribution 1084:1130 distribution 1119:1130 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 4 39 theme electron 699:706 arg1 TEM 720:722 TEM 720:722 TEM 720:722 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 4 39 theme electron 699:706 arg1 microscopy 708:717 transmission electron microscopy 686:717 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 686:723 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 6 40 theme silver 1135:1140 arg1 nanoparticles 1142:1154 silver nanoparticles 1135:1154 silver nanoparticles 1135:1154 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 5 41 theme CTAB-adsorbed 857:869 arg1 CNC 871:873 CTAB-adsorbed CNC 857:873 CTAB-adsorbed CNC 857:873 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 4 42 theme transmission 686:697 arg1 TEM 720:722 TEM 720:722 TEM 720:722 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 4 42 theme transmission 686:697 arg1 microscopy 708:717 transmission electron microscopy 686:717 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 686:723 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 3 43 theme hexadecyl-trimethylammonium 423:449 arg1 bromide 451:457 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide 423:457 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 423:513 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 43 theme hexadecyl-trimethylammonium 423:449 arg1 CTAB 460:463 CTAB 460:463 CTAB 460:463 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 5 44 theme catalytic 792:800 arg1 reaction 802:809 the catalytic reaction 788:809 the catalytic reaction experiments 788:821 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 6 45 theme catalytic 1163:1171 arg1 system 1173:1178 the catalytic system 1159:1178 the catalytic system 1159:1178 The enhanced catalytic performance of Ag NPs was attributed to the improved dispersity and narrow distribution of silver nanoparticles in the catalytic system. 27842820 1 46 theme metal 152:156 arg1 NPs 173:175 NPs 173:175 NPs 173:175 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 27842820 1 46 theme metal 152:156 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 metal nanoparticles 152:170 metal nanoparticles (NPs) 152:176 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 27842820 3 47 theme bromide 451:457 arg1 CNC 510:512 CNC 510:512 CNC 510:512 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 47 theme bromide 451:457 arg1 nanocrystals 496:507 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals 423:507 hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 423:513 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 3 47 theme bromide 451:457 arg1 support 533:539 a support 531:539 a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 531:573 In this paper, hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed as a support for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 27842820 1 48 theme nanoparticles 158:170 arg1 application 137:147 The application 133:147 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis 133:189 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 27842820 1 49 from application 137:147 arg1 catalysis 181:189 catalysis 181:189 catalysis 181:189 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 27842820 5 50 theme control 986:992 arg1 NPs 997:999 the control Ag NPs 982:999 the control Ag NPs 982:999 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 4 51 theme ultraviolet-visible 643:661 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy 643:683 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy 643:683 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 7 52 contain have 1265:1268 arg2 applications 1280:1291 promising applications 1270:1291 promising applications 1270:1291 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 7 52 contain have 1265:1268 arg1 NPs 1249:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs 1226:1251 CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater 1226:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 4 53 theme energy 729:734 arg1 EDX 767:769 EDX 767:769 EDX 767:769 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 4 53 theme energy 729:734 arg1 spectroscopy 753:764 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 729:764 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 729:770 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 5 54 theme Ag 835:836 arg1 NPs 838:840 Ag NPs 835:840 Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC 835:873 The results of the catalytic reaction experiments showed that Ag NPs immobilized on CTAB-adsorbed CNC displayed higher catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, compared to the control Ag NPs and CNC/Ag samples. 27842820 4 55 theme UV-vis 664:669 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy 643:683 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy 643:683 The obtained CNC/CTAB/Ag nanohybrid composite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 27842820 7 56 theme wastewater 1324:1333 arg1 treatment 1311:1319 catalytic treatment 1301:1319 catalytic treatment of wastewater 1301:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 7 57 theme catalytic 1301:1309 arg1 treatment 1311:1319 catalytic treatment 1301:1319 catalytic treatment of wastewater 1301:1333 This work provides a novel catalyst based on CNC-CTAB stabilized Ag NPs which would have promising applications towards catalytic treatment of wastewater. 27842820 1 58 theme wastewater 271:280 arg1 treatment 282:290 the wastewater treatment 267:290 the wastewater treatment 267:290 The application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has drawn significant research interest, including in their applications to the wastewater treatment. 26851449 8 0 theme CTa 1174:1176 arg1 attenuation 1184:1194 CTa X-ray attenuation 1174:1194 CTa X-ray attenuation 1174:1194 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 6 1 theme cartilage 928:936 arg1 sGAG 938:941 cartilage sGAG 928:941 cartilage sGAG 928:941 Next, cartilage sGAG and collagen content were determined using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays. 26851449 12 2 theme further 1720:1726 arg1 validation 1728:1737 further validation 1720:1737 further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition 1720:1816 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 12 3 theme clinical 1938:1945 arg1 research 1950:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 10 4 theme in vivo 1509:1515 arg1 CTa 1517:1519 in vivo CTa 1509:1519 in vivo CTa 1509:1519 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 7 5 theme collagen 1135:1142 arg1 content 1144:1150 collagen content 1135:1150 collagen content 1135:1150 The correlation between CTa X-ray attenuation, EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation, sGAG content and collagen content was assessed. 26851449 3 6 from DESIGN 530:535 arg1 study 571:575 this prospective observational study 540:575 this prospective observational study 540:575 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 1 7 theme cartilage 295:303 arg1 content 340:346 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content 295:346 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 295:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 11 8 theme CTa 1585:1587 arg1 Outcomes 1573:1580 Outcomes 1573:1580 Outcomes of CTa 1573:1587 Outcomes of CTa also slightly correlate with cartilage collagen content. 26851449 3 9 theme prospective 545:555 arg1 study 571:575 this prospective observational study 540:575 this prospective observational study 540:575 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 1 10 theme computed 195:202 arg1 tomography 204:213 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 1 10 theme computed 195:202 arg1 biomarker 273:281 quantitative imaging biomarker 252:281 quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 252:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 12 11 theme sGAG 1915:1918 arg1 content 1920:1926 cartilage sGAG content 1905:1926 cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research 1905:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 1 12 theme sulphated 305:313 arg1 sGAG 334:337 sGAG 334:337 sGAG 334:337 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 1 12 theme sulphated 305:313 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 315:331 sulphated glycosaminoglycan 305:331 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 295:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 8 13 theme % 1265:1265 arg1 interval 1253:1260 95% credibility interval 1237:1260 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85 1237:1281 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 8 13 theme % 1265:1265 arg1 CI 1266:1267 95%CI 1263:1267 95%CI 1263:1267 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 10 14 theme OA 1530:1531 arg1 knees 1533:1537 human OA knees 1524:1537 human OA knees 1524:1537 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 6 15 theme dimethylmethylene 986:1002 arg1 assays 1035:1040 dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays 986:1040 dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays 986:1040 Next, cartilage sGAG and collagen content were determined using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays. 26851449 7 16 theme X-ray 1099:1103 arg1 attenuation 1105:1115 EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation 1090:1115 EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation 1090:1115 The correlation between CTa X-ray attenuation, EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation, sGAG content and collagen content was assessed. 26851449 3 17 theme knee 580:583 arg1 patients 588:595 11 knee OA patients 577:595 11 knee OA patients 577:595 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 4 18 theme X-ray 658:662 arg1 attenuation 664:674 Cartilage X-ray attenuation 648:674 Cartilage X-ray attenuation 648:674 Cartilage X-ray attenuation was determined in six cartilage regions. 26851449 5 19 theme cartilage 736:744 arg1 specimens 746:754 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens 717:754 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR 717:775 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 3 20 theme total 618:622 arg1 replacement 629:639 total knee replacement 618:639 total knee replacement (TKR) 618:645 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 3 20 theme total 618:622 arg1 TKR 642:644 TKR 642:644 TKR 642:644 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 9 21 theme collagen 1432:1439 arg1 assay 1425:1429 the hydroxyproline assay 1406:1429 the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36) 1406:1482 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 21 theme collagen 1432:1439 arg1 content 1441:1447 collagen content 1432:1447 collagen content 1432:1447 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 8 22 theme credibility 1241:1251 arg1 interval 1253:1260 95% credibility interval 1237:1260 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85 1237:1281 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 8 22 theme credibility 1241:1251 arg1 r = 0.76 1227:1234 r = 0.76 1227:1234 r = 0.76 1227:1234 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 8 22 theme credibility 1241:1251 arg1 CI 1266:1267 95%CI 1263:1267 95%CI 1263:1267 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 1 23 theme glycosaminoglycan 315:331 arg1 content 340:346 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content 295:346 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 295:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 7 24 theme X-ray 1071:1075 arg1 attenuation 1077:1087 CTa X-ray attenuation 1067:1087 CTa X-ray attenuation 1067:1087 The correlation between CTa X-ray attenuation, EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation, sGAG content and collagen content was assessed. 26851449 9 25 dep to -0.36 1474:1481 arg1 % 1464:1464 % 1464:1464 % 1464:1464 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 2 26 theme collagen 512:519 arg1 content 521:527 collagen content 512:527 collagen content 512:527 Our aim was to assess the correlation between in vivo CTa in human osteoarthritis (OA) knees and ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content. 26851449 4 27 theme cartilage 698:706 arg1 regions 708:714 six cartilage regions 694:714 six cartilage regions 694:714 Cartilage X-ray attenuation was determined in six cartilage regions. 26851449 0 28 with correlation 129:139 arg1 standards 164:172 ex-vivo reference standards 146:172 ex-vivo reference standards 146:172 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 0 29 theme knee 65:68 arg1 arthrography 24:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography 0:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 0:173 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 1 30 theme cadaveric 357:365 arg1 knees 367:371 human cadaveric knees 351:371 human cadaveric knees 351:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 6 31 theme hydroxyproline 1020:1033 arg1 assays 1035:1040 dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays 986:1040 dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays 986:1040 Next, cartilage sGAG and collagen content were determined using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays. 26851449 5 32 theme equilibrium 799:809 arg1 partitioning 811:822 equilibrium partitioning 799:822 equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG 799:919 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 1 33 from content 340:346 arg1 knees 367:371 human cadaveric knees 351:371 human cadaveric knees 351:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 0 34 theme sulphated 92:100 arg1 content 120:126 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 82:126 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 82:126 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 2 35 theme in vivo 420:426 arg1 CTa 428:430 in vivo CTa 420:430 in vivo CTa 420:430 Our aim was to assess the correlation between in vivo CTa in human osteoarthritis (OA) knees and ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content. 26851449 1 36 dep OBJECTIVE 175:183 arg1 introduced 238:247 introduced 238:247 was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 234:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 9 37 dep % 1464:1464 arg1 95 1462:1463 95 1462:1463 95 1462:1463 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 0 38 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 arthrography 24:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography 0:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 0:173 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 9 39 theme DMMB 1320:1323 arg1 assay 1325:1329 the DMMB assay 1316:1329 the DMMB assay (sGAG content) 1316:1344 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 39 theme DMMB 1320:1323 arg1 content 1337:1343 sGAG content 1332:1343 sGAG content 1332:1343 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 2 40 theme osteoarthritis 441:454 arg1 knees 461:465 human osteoarthritis (OA) knees 435:465 human osteoarthritis (OA) knees 435:465 Our aim was to assess the correlation between in vivo CTa in human osteoarthritis (OA) knees and ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content. 26851449 0 41 theme CT 21:22 arg1 arthrography 24:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography 0:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 0:173 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 12 42 theme biochemical 1794:1804 arg1 composition 1806:1816 different biochemical composition 1784:1816 different biochemical composition 1784:1816 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 8 43 dep interval 1253:1260 arg1 0.85 1278:1281 0.85 1278:1281 0.85 1278:1281 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 12 44 theme future 1931:1936 arg1 research 1950:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 1 45 dep tomography 204:213 arg1 CTa 229:231 CTa 229:231 CTa 229:231 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 1 45 dep tomography 204:213 arg1 arthrography 215:226 arthrography 215:226 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 12 46 theme hyaline 1745:1751 arg1 cartilage 1753:1761 hyaline cartilage 1745:1761 hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition 1745:1816 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 12 47 theme OA 1947:1948 arg1 research 1950:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 2 48 theme ex vivo 471:477 arg1 standards 489:497 ex vivo reference standards 471:497 ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content 471:527 Our aim was to assess the correlation between in vivo CTa in human osteoarthritis (OA) knees and ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content. 26851449 11 49 theme cartilage 1618:1626 arg1 content 1637:1643 cartilage collagen content 1618:1643 cartilage collagen content 1618:1643 Outcomes of CTa also slightly correlate with cartilage collagen content. 26851449 5 50 theme ionic 830:834 arg1 agent 845:849 an ionic contrast agent 827:849 an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG 827:919 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 12 51 theme other 1766:1770 arg1 joints 1772:1777 other joints 1766:1777 other joints 1766:1777 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 10 52 theme CONCLUSIONS 1485:1495 arg1 Outcomes 1497:1504 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes 1485:1504 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees 1485:1537 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 12 53 with cartilage 1753:1761 arg1 composition 1806:1816 different biochemical composition 1784:1816 different biochemical composition 1784:1816 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 1 54 theme quantitative 252:263 arg1 tomography 204:213 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 1 54 theme quantitative 252:263 arg1 biomarker 273:281 quantitative imaging biomarker 252:281 quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 252:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 8 55 dep 0.85 1278:1281 arg1 to 1275:1276 to 1275:1276 to 1275:1276 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 10 56 theme CTa 1517:1519 arg1 Outcomes 1497:1504 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes 1485:1504 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees 1485:1537 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 12 57 theme CTa 1664:1666 arg1 outcomes 1652:1659 outcomes 1652:1659 outcomes of CTa 1652:1666 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 3 58 theme observational 557:569 arg1 study 571:575 this prospective observational study 540:575 this prospective observational study 540:575 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 8 59 theme X-ray 1178:1182 arg1 attenuation 1184:1194 CTa X-ray attenuation 1174:1194 CTa X-ray attenuation 1174:1194 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 7 60 theme sGAG 1118:1121 arg1 content 1123:1129 sGAG content 1118:1129 sGAG content 1118:1129 The correlation between CTa X-ray attenuation, EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation, sGAG content and collagen content was assessed. 26851449 9 61 theme lesser 1387:1392 arg1 extent 1394:1399 lesser extent 1387:1399 lesser extent 1387:1399 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 0 62 theme human 44:48 arg1 knee 65:68 the human osteoarthritic knee 40:68 the human osteoarthritic knee 40:68 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 3 63 theme OA 585:586 arg1 patients 588:595 11 knee OA patients 577:595 11 knee OA patients 577:595 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 12 64 theme cartilage 1905:1913 arg1 content 1920:1926 cartilage sGAG content 1905:1926 cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research 1905:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 6 65 theme blue 1004:1007 arg1 assays 1035:1040 dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays 986:1040 dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays 986:1040 Next, cartilage sGAG and collagen content were determined using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays. 26851449 10 66 theme human 1524:1528 arg1 knees 1533:1537 human OA knees 1524:1537 human OA knees 1524:1537 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 7 67 theme EPIC-μCT 1090:1097 arg1 attenuation 1105:1115 EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation 1090:1115 EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation 1090:1115 The correlation between CTa X-ray attenuation, EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation, sGAG content and collagen content was assessed. 26851449 9 68 theme hydroxyproline 1410:1423 arg1 assay 1425:1429 the hydroxyproline assay 1406:1429 the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36) 1406:1482 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 68 theme hydroxyproline 1410:1423 arg1 to -0.36 1474:1481 r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36 1451:1481 r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36 1451:1481 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 68 theme hydroxyproline 1410:1423 arg1 content 1441:1447 collagen content 1432:1447 collagen content 1432:1447 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 69 dep % 1360:1360 arg1 to -0.49 1370:1377 CI -0.87 to -0.49 1361:1377 r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49 1347:1377 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 5 70 with agent 845:849 arg1 EPIC-μCT 866:873 EPIC-μCT 866:873 EPIC-μCT 866:873 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 5 70 with agent 845:849 arg1 micro-CT 856:863 micro-CT 856:863 micro-CT (EPIC-μCT) 856:874 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 9 71 theme CI -0.70 1465:1472 arg1 assay 1425:1429 the hydroxyproline assay 1406:1429 the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36) 1406:1482 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 71 theme CI -0.70 1465:1472 arg1 to -0.36 1474:1481 r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36 1451:1481 r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36 1451:1481 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 10 72 theme sGAG 1559:1562 arg1 content 1564:1570 sGAG content 1559:1570 sGAG content 1559:1570 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 5 73 theme tibial 729:734 arg1 cartilage 736:744 tibial cartilage 729:744 tibial cartilage 729:744 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 12 74 theme imaging 1875:1881 arg1 biomarker 1883:1891 quantitative imaging biomarker 1862:1891 quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research 1862:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 4 75 theme Cartilage 648:656 arg1 attenuation 664:674 Cartilage X-ray attenuation 648:674 Cartilage X-ray attenuation 648:674 Cartilage X-ray attenuation was determined in six cartilage regions. 26851449 7 76 theme CTa 1067:1069 arg1 attenuation 1077:1087 CTa X-ray attenuation 1067:1087 CTa X-ray attenuation 1067:1087 The correlation between CTa X-ray attenuation, EPIC-μCT X-ray attenuation, sGAG content and collagen content was assessed. 26851449 8 77 theme % 1239:1239 arg1 interval 1253:1260 95% credibility interval 1237:1260 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85 1237:1281 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 8 77 theme % 1239:1239 arg1 r = 0.76 1227:1234 r = 0.76 1227:1234 r = 0.76 1227:1234 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 8 77 theme % 1239:1239 arg1 CI 1266:1267 95%CI 1263:1267 95%CI 1263:1267 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 6 78 theme collagen 947:954 arg1 content 956:962 collagen content 947:962 collagen content 947:962 Next, cartilage sGAG and collagen content were determined using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays. 26851449 5 79 theme Femoral 717:723 arg1 specimens 746:754 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens 717:754 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR 717:775 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 6 80 dep blue 1004:1007 arg1 DMMB 1010:1013 DMMB 1010:1013 DMMB 1010:1013 Next, cartilage sGAG and collagen content were determined using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and hydroxyproline assays. 26851449 3 81 theme knee 624:627 arg1 replacement 629:639 total knee replacement 618:639 total knee replacement (TKR) 618:645 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 3 81 theme knee 624:627 arg1 TKR 642:644 TKR 642:644 TKR 642:644 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 5 82 theme standard 903:910 arg1 reference 893:901 reference 893:901 reference standard for sGAG 893:919 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 0 83 theme cartilage 82:90 arg1 content 120:126 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 82:126 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 82:126 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 8 84 dep correlated 1196:1205 arg1 interval 1253:1260 95% credibility interval 1237:1260 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85 1237:1281 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 8 84 dep correlated 1196:1205 arg1 r = 0.76 1227:1234 r = 0.76 1227:1234 r = 0.76 1227:1234 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 0 85 theme glycosaminoglycan 102:118 arg1 content 120:126 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 82:126 cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 82:126 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 12 86 theme quantitative 1862:1873 arg1 biomarker 1883:1891 quantitative imaging biomarker 1862:1891 quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research 1862:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 8 87 dep RESULTS 1166:1172 arg1 correlated 1196:1205 correlated 1196:1205 correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85) 1196:1282 RESULTS CTa X-ray attenuation correlated well with EPIC-μCT (r = 0.76, 95% credibility interval (95%CI) 0.64 to 0.85). 26851449 0 88 theme in vivo 13:19 arg1 arthrography 24:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography 0:35 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 0:173 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 0 89 theme reference 154:162 arg1 standards 164:172 ex-vivo reference standards 146:172 ex-vivo reference standards 146:172 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 5 90 theme agent 845:849 arg1 partitioning 811:822 equilibrium partitioning 799:822 equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG 799:919 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 3 91 dep DESIGN 530:535 arg1 underwent 597:605 underwent 597:605 underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR) 597:645 DESIGN In this prospective observational study 11 knee OA patients underwent CTa before total knee replacement (TKR). 26851449 11 92 theme collagen 1628:1635 arg1 content 1637:1643 cartilage collagen content 1618:1643 cartilage collagen content 1618:1643 Outcomes of CTa also slightly correlate with cartilage collagen content. 26851449 2 93 theme human 435:439 arg1 knees 461:465 human osteoarthritis (OA) knees 435:465 human osteoarthritis (OA) knees 435:465 Our aim was to assess the correlation between in vivo CTa in human osteoarthritis (OA) knees and ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content. 26851449 9 94 theme sGAG 1332:1335 arg1 assay 1325:1329 the DMMB assay 1316:1329 the DMMB assay (sGAG content) 1316:1344 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 94 theme sGAG 1332:1335 arg1 content 1337:1343 sGAG content 1332:1343 sGAG content 1332:1343 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 12 95 from content 1920:1926 arg1 research 1950:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 future clinical OA research 1931:1957 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 2 96 theme reference 479:487 arg1 standards 489:497 ex vivo reference standards 471:497 ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content 471:527 Our aim was to assess the correlation between in vivo CTa in human osteoarthritis (OA) knees and ex vivo reference standards for sGAG and collagen content. 26851449 0 97 theme osteoarthritic 50:63 arg1 knee 65:68 the human osteoarthritic knee 40:68 the human osteoarthritic knee 40:68 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 12 98 theme joints 1772:1777 arg1 cartilage 1753:1761 hyaline cartilage 1745:1761 hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition 1745:1816 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 0 99 theme ex-vivo 146:152 arg1 standards 164:172 ex-vivo reference standards 146:172 ex-vivo reference standards 146:172 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 9 100 dep correlated 1289:1298 arg1 % 1360:1360 r = -0.66, 95% 1347:1360 r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49 1347:1377 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 1 101 theme human 351:355 arg1 knees 367:371 human cadaveric knees 351:371 human cadaveric knees 351:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 12 102 theme different 1784:1792 arg1 composition 1806:1816 different biochemical composition 1784:1816 different biochemical composition 1784:1816 Since outcomes of CTa are mainly sGAG dependent and despite the fact that further validation using hyaline cartilage of other joints with different biochemical composition should be conducted, CTa may be suitable as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sGAG content in future clinical OA research. 26851449 10 103 from Outcomes 1497:1504 arg1 knees 1533:1537 human OA knees 1524:1537 human OA knees 1524:1537 CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of in vivo CTa in human OA knees correlate well with sGAG content. 26851449 0 104 dep arthrography 24:35 arg1 correlation 129:139 correlation 129:139 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 0:173 Quantitative in vivo CT arthrography of the human osteoarthritic knee to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan content: correlation with ex-vivo reference standards. 26851449 9 105 with extent 1394:1399 arg1 assay 1425:1429 the hydroxyproline assay 1406:1429 the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36) 1406:1482 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 105 with extent 1394:1399 arg1 to -0.36 1474:1481 r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36 1451:1481 r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36 1451:1481 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 9 105 with extent 1394:1399 arg1 content 1441:1447 collagen content 1432:1447 collagen content 1432:1447 CTa correlated moderately with the DMMB assay (sGAG content) (r = -0.66, 95%CI -0.87 to -0.49) and to lesser extent with the hydroxyproline assay (collagen content) (r = -0.56, 95%CI -0.70 to -0.36). 26851449 5 106 theme contrast 836:843 arg1 agent 845:849 an ionic contrast agent 827:849 an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG 827:919 Femoral and tibial cartilage specimens harvested during TKR were re-scanned using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent with micro-CT (EPIC-μCT), which served as reference standard for sGAG. 26851449 1 107 theme imaging 265:271 arg1 tomography 204:213 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 computed tomography arthrography (CTa) 195:232 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 26851449 1 107 theme imaging 265:271 arg1 biomarker 273:281 quantitative imaging biomarker 252:281 quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees 252:371 OBJECTIVE Recently, computed tomography arthrography (CTa) was introduced as quantitative imaging biomarker to estimate cartilage sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in human cadaveric knees. 27834207 1 0 theme A 251:251 arg1 polymorphism 253:264 lipid A polymorphism 245:264 lipid A polymorphism 245:264 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 1 theme structural 617:626 arg1 subtypes 628:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes 597:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 597:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 2 theme endotoxic 165:173 arg1 activities 175:184 their endotoxic activities 159:184 their endotoxic activities 159:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 3 theme A 615:615 arg1 subtypes 628:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes 597:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 597:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 4 theme lipid 609:613 arg1 subtypes 628:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes 597:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 597:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 5 theme OMV 718:720 arg1 formation 723:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 6 theme various 601:607 arg1 subtypes 628:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes 597:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 597:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 7 theme vesicle 709:715 arg1 formation 723:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 8 theme membrane 700:707 arg1 formation 723:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 0 9 theme Polymorphic 0:10 arg1 Regulation 12:21 Polymorphic Regulation 0:21 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 0:60 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 27834207 1 10 theme outer 281:285 arg1 structure 296:304 outer membrane structure 281:304 outer membrane structure 281:304 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 11 theme molecular 577:585 arg1 shapes 587:592 the molecular shapes 573:592 the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 573:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 12 from article 367:373 arg1 Meta 468:471 Meta 468:471 Meta 468:471 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 12 from article 367:373 arg1 Bonnington 453:462 Bonnington 453:462 Bonnington 453:462 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 12 from article 367:373 arg1 mBio 378:381 mBio 378:381 mBio 378:381 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 12 from article 367:373 arg1 https 400:404 https 400:404 https 400:404 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 13 theme polymorphic-phase 84:100 arg1 behavior 102:109 the polymorphic-phase behavior 80:109 the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities 80:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 0 14 theme Outer 26:30 arg1 Composition 49:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 27834207 1 15 theme membrane 287:294 arg1 structure 296:304 outer membrane structure 281:304 outer membrane structure 281:304 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 16 theme Biochemistry 517:528 arg1 Department 503:512 Duke University's Department 485:512 Duke University's Department of Biochemistry 485:528 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 17 theme subtypes 628:635 arg1 shapes 587:592 the molecular shapes 573:592 the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 573:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 18 theme behavior 102:109 arg1 importance 66:75 The importance 62:75 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities 62:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 19 located found 637:641 arg1 membrane 656:663 the outer membrane 646:663 the outer membrane 646:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 19 located found 637:641 arg2 subtypes 628:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes 597:635 the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane 597:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 20 theme formation 723:731 arg1 process 683:689 the process 679:689 the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 679:731 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 0 21 theme Lipid 41:45 arg1 Composition 49:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 27834207 2 22 theme Department 503:512 arg1 article 367:373 a recent article 358:373 a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry 358:528 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 0 23 theme Membrane 32:39 arg1 Composition 49:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 27834207 0 24 theme Composition 49:59 arg1 Regulation 12:21 Polymorphic Regulation 0:21 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 0:60 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 27834207 1 25 theme lipid 114:118 arg1 A 120:120 lipid A 114:120 lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities 114:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 0 26 theme A 47:47 arg1 Composition 49:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition 26:59 Polymorphic Regulation of Outer Membrane Lipid A Composition. 27834207 2 27 theme compelling 537:546 arg1 case 548:551 a compelling case 535:551 a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 535:731 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 28 theme A 120:120 arg1 variations 133:142 lipid A structural variations 114:142 lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities 114:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 29 dep mBio 378:381 arg1 Kuehn 476:480 Kuehn 476:480 Kuehn 476:480 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 2 30 theme outer 650:654 arg1 membrane 656:663 the outer membrane 646:663 the outer membrane 646:663 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 31 theme structural 122:131 arg1 variations 133:142 lipid A structural variations 114:142 lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities 114:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 1 32 theme potential 226:234 arg1 role 236:239 any potential role 222:239 any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function 222:317 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 33 theme outer 694:698 arg1 formation 723:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation 694:731 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 34 theme variations 133:142 arg1 behavior 102:109 the polymorphic-phase behavior 80:109 the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities 80:184 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 27834207 2 35 theme recent 360:365 arg1 article 367:373 a recent article 358:373 a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry 358:528 In a recent article in mBio [7(5):e01532-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01532-16], Katherine E. Bonnington and Meta J. Kuehn of Duke University's Department of Biochemistry make a compelling case for considering how the molecular shapes of the various lipid A structural subtypes found in the outer membrane contribute to the process of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. 27834207 1 36 theme lipid 245:249 arg1 A 251:251 lipid A 245:251 lipid A polymorphism 245:264 The importance of the polymorphic-phase behavior of lipid A structural variations in determining their endotoxic activities has been recognized previously, but any potential role for lipid A polymorphism in controlling outer membrane structure and function has been largely ignored until now. 24146054 0 0 theme cell 86:89 arg1 carrier 91:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier 57:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects 57:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 1 1 theme cartilage 321:329 arg1 outcomes 338:345 cartilage repair outcomes 321:345 cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models 321:412 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 9 2 theme stem 1562:1565 arg1 cells 1567:1571 mesenchymal stem cells 1550:1571 mesenchymal stem cells 1550:1571 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 0 3 theme stem 81:84 arg1 carrier 91:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier 57:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects 57:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 1 4 theme repair 331:336 arg1 outcomes 338:345 cartilage repair outcomes 321:345 cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models 321:412 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 2 5 theme New 501:503 arg1 rabbits 519:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 6 6 theme tissue 1098:1103 arg1 repair 1105:1110 significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair 1075:1110 significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair 1075:1110 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 9 7 theme CONCLUSION 1505:1514 arg1 hydrogel 1529:1536 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel 1505:1536 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells 1505:1571 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 8 8 theme significant 1406:1416 arg1 difference 1418:1427 No significant difference 1403:1427 No significant difference 1403:1427 No significant difference was observed between the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups. 24146054 5 9 theme O' 958:959 arg1 score 969:973 O'Driscoll score 958:973 O'Driscoll score 958:973 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 7 10 theme control 1388:1394 arg1 group 1396:1400 scaffold-only or untreated control group 1361:1400 scaffold-only or untreated control group 1361:1400 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 9 11 theme comparable 1582:1591 arg1 outcomes 1603:1610 comparable treatment outcomes 1582:1610 comparable treatment outcomes 1582:1610 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 10 12 from use 1776:1778 arg1 repair 1793:1798 cartilage repair 1783:1798 cartilage repair 1783:1798 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 5 13 theme Driscoll 960:967 arg1 score 969:973 O'Driscoll score 958:973 O'Driscoll score 958:973 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 1 14 theme -chitosan 245:253 arg1 hydrogel 265:272 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 6 15 dep RESULTS 1020:1026 arg1 analyses 1059:1066 Morphological and histological analyses 1028:1066 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses 1020:1066 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 6 16 theme significant 1075:1085 arg1 repair 1105:1110 significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair 1075:1110 significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair 1075:1110 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 4 17 theme untreated 772:780 arg1 control 782:788 untreated control 772:788 untreated control 772:788 The left knee was kept as untreated control. 24146054 4 17 theme untreated 772:780 arg1 knee 755:758 The left knee 746:758 The left knee 746:758 The left knee was kept as untreated control. 24146054 7 18 theme p 1319:1319 arg1 < 1321:1321 p < 0.05 1319:1326 p < 0.05 1319:1326 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 2 19 theme rabbits 519:525 arg1 knees 473:477 both knees 468:477 both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 468:525 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 10 20 theme hydrogel 1737:1744 arg1 use 1717:1719 the potential use 1703:1719 the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries 1703:1825 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 6 21 dep significant 1075:1085 arg1 < 1090:1090 p < 0.05 1088:1095 p < 0.05 1088:1095 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 1 22 theme mesenchymal 176:186 arg1 MSCs 200:203 MSCs 200:203 MSCs 200:203 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 1 22 theme mesenchymal 176:186 arg1 cells 193:197 mesenchymal stem cells 176:197 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 176:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 0 23 theme composite 13:21 arg1 hydrogel 23:30 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel 0:30 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel 0:30 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 2 24 theme mature 494:499 arg1 rabbits 519:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 2 25 theme white 513:517 arg1 rabbits 519:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 1 26 theme stem 188:191 arg1 MSCs 200:203 MSCs 200:203 MSCs 200:203 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 1 26 theme stem 188:191 arg1 cells 193:197 mesenchymal stem cells 176:197 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 176:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 0 27 theme PVA-chitosan 0:11 arg1 hydrogel 23:30 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel 0:30 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel 0:30 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 1 28 theme composite 255:263 arg1 hydrogel 265:272 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 5 29 theme histological 934:945 arg1 grading 947:953 histological grading 934:953 histological grading by O'Driscoll score 934:973 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 6 30 theme p 1088:1088 arg1 < 1090:1090 p < 0.05 1088:1095 p < 0.05 1088:1095 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 5 31 theme months 827:832 arg1 end 818:820 the end 814:820 the end of 6 months after transplantation 814:854 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 1 32 dep outcomes 338:345 arg1 compared 350:357 compared 350:357 compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models 350:412 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 0 33 theme focal 120:124 arg1 defects 136:142 focal cartilage defects 120:142 focal cartilage defects 120:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 10 34 theme potential 1707:1715 arg1 use 1717:1719 the potential use 1703:1719 the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries 1703:1825 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 7 35 theme untreated 1378:1386 arg1 group 1396:1400 scaffold-only or untreated control group 1361:1400 scaffold-only or untreated control group 1361:1400 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 9 36 theme established 1634:1644 arg1 implantation 1669:1680 previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation 1623:1680 previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation 1623:1680 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 2 37 theme condyle 438:444 arg1 defect 446:451 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect 415:451 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect 415:451 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 9 38 theme treatment 1593:1601 arg1 outcomes 1603:1610 comparable treatment outcomes 1582:1610 comparable treatment outcomes 1582:1610 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 8 39 theme PVA-chitosan-MSC- 1454:1470 arg1 groups 1497:1502 the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups 1450:1502 the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups 1450:1502 No significant difference was observed between the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups. 24146054 1 40 theme established 373:383 arg1 models 407:412 previously established alginate-transplanted models 362:412 previously established alginate-transplanted models 362:412 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 4 41 theme left 750:753 arg1 control 782:788 untreated control 772:788 untreated control 772:788 The left knee was kept as untreated control. 24146054 4 41 theme left 750:753 arg1 knee 755:758 The left knee 746:758 The left knee 746:758 The left knee was kept as untreated control. 24146054 2 42 contain containing 574:583 arg1 groups 567:572 four groups 562:572 four groups containing six animals each 562:600 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 2 42 contain containing 574:583 arg2 animals 589:595 six animals 585:595 six animals each 585:600 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 2 43 theme femoral 430:436 arg1 condyle 438:444 METHODS Medial femoral condyle 415:444 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect 415:451 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 2 44 dep animals 589:595 arg1 each 597:600 each 597:600 each 597:600 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 9 45 theme PVA-chitosan 1516:1527 arg1 hydrogel 1529:1536 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel 1505:1536 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells 1505:1571 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 0 46 theme defects 136:142 arg1 treatment 107:115 the treatment 103:115 the treatment of focal cartilage defects 103:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 1 47 theme alginate-transplanted 385:405 arg1 models 407:412 previously established alginate-transplanted models 362:412 previously established alginate-transplanted models 362:412 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 7 48 theme scaffold-only 1361:1373 arg1 group 1396:1400 scaffold-only or untreated control group 1361:1400 scaffold-only or untreated control group 1361:1400 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 2 49 theme Medial 423:428 arg1 condyle 438:444 METHODS Medial femoral condyle 415:444 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect 415:451 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 0 50 theme alginate 39:46 arg1 beads 48:52 alginate beads 39:52 alginate beads 39:52 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 0 51 theme cartilage 126:134 arg1 defects 136:142 focal cartilage defects 120:142 focal cartilage defects 120:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 3 52 theme right 622:626 arg1 knees 628:632 the right knees 618:632 the right knees 618:632 After 3 weeks, the right knees were transplanted with PVA-chitosan-MSC, PVA-chitosan scaffold alone, alginate-MSC construct or alginate alone. 24146054 6 53 theme Morphological 1028:1040 arg1 analyses 1059:1066 Morphological and histological analyses 1028:1066 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses 1020:1066 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 2 54 theme METHODS 415:421 arg1 condyle 438:444 METHODS Medial femoral condyle 415:444 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect 415:451 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 2 55 theme Zealand 505:511 arg1 rabbits 519:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits 482:525 METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. 24146054 9 56 theme construct 1659:1667 arg1 implantation 1669:1680 previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation 1623:1680 previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation 1623:1680 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 6 57 theme alginate 1150:1157 arg1 MSC 1159:1161 alginate MSC 1150:1161 alginate MSC 1150:1161 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 10 58 theme cartilage 1783:1791 arg1 repair 1793:1798 cartilage repair 1783:1798 cartilage repair 1783:1798 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 7 59 theme safranin 1232:1239 arg1 O 1241:1241 safranin O 1232:1241 safranin O staining 1232:1250 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 8 60 theme alginate-MSC-treated 1476:1495 arg1 groups 1497:1502 the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups 1450:1502 the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups 1450:1502 No significant difference was observed between the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups. 24146054 10 61 theme traumatic 1808:1816 arg1 injuries 1818:1825 traumatic injuries 1808:1825 traumatic injuries 1808:1825 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 5 62 theme Brittberg 903:911 arg1 score 927:931 Brittberg morphological score 903:931 Brittberg morphological score 903:931 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 7 63 theme MSC 1332:1334 arg1 groups 1346:1351 MSC treatment groups 1332:1351 MSC treatment groups 1332:1351 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 3 64 theme PVA-chitosan 675:686 arg1 PVA-chitosan-MSC 657:672 PVA-chitosan-MSC 657:672 PVA-chitosan-MSC 657:672 After 3 weeks, the right knees were transplanted with PVA-chitosan-MSC, PVA-chitosan scaffold alone, alginate-MSC construct or alginate alone. 24146054 3 64 theme PVA-chitosan 675:686 arg1 scaffold 688:695 PVA-chitosan scaffold 675:695 PVA-chitosan scaffold 675:695 After 3 weeks, the right knees were transplanted with PVA-chitosan-MSC, PVA-chitosan scaffold alone, alginate-MSC construct or alginate alone. 24146054 5 65 theme quantitative 979:990 arg1 analysis 1010:1017 quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis 979:1017 quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis 979:1017 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 9 66 theme alginate-MSC 1646:1657 arg1 implantation 1669:1680 previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation 1623:1680 previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation 1623:1680 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 5 67 theme morphological 913:925 arg1 score 927:931 Brittberg morphological score 903:931 Brittberg morphological score 903:931 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 6 68 theme histological 1046:1057 arg1 analyses 1059:1066 Morphological and histological analyses 1028:1066 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses 1020:1066 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 5 69 theme glycosaminoglycan 992:1008 arg1 analysis 1010:1017 quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis 979:1017 quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis 979:1017 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 10 70 theme PVA-chitosan 1724:1735 arg1 hydrogel 1737:1744 PVA-chitosan hydrogel 1724:1744 PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs 1724:1761 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 9 71 theme mesenchymal 1550:1560 arg1 cells 1567:1571 mesenchymal stem cells 1550:1571 mesenchymal stem cells 1550:1571 CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. 24146054 1 72 theme novel 216:220 arg1 PVA 241:243 PVA 241:243 PVA 241:243 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 1 72 theme novel 216:220 arg1 alcohol 232:238 novel polyvinyl alcohol 216:238 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 0 73 theme mesenchymal 69:79 arg1 carrier 91:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier 57:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects 57:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 10 74 theme clinical 1767:1774 arg1 use 1776:1778 clinical use 1767:1778 clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries 1767:1825 This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries. 24146054 7 75 dep higher 1311:1316 arg1 < 1321:1321 p < 0.05 1319:1326 p < 0.05 1319:1326 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 5 76 theme cartilage 865:873 arg1 repair 875:880 the cartilage repair 861:880 the cartilage repair 861:880 Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. 24146054 7 77 theme O 1241:1241 arg1 staining 1243:1250 safranin O staining 1232:1250 safranin O staining 1232:1250 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 1 78 theme polyvinyl 222:230 arg1 PVA 241:243 PVA 241:243 PVA 241:243 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 1 78 theme polyvinyl 222:230 arg1 alcohol 232:238 novel polyvinyl alcohol 216:238 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 24146054 0 79 theme potential 59:67 arg1 carrier 91:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier 57:97 a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects 57:142 PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 24146054 7 80 theme treatment 1336:1344 arg1 groups 1346:1351 MSC treatment groups 1332:1351 MSC treatment groups 1332:1351 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 6 81 theme untreated 1200:1208 arg1 control 1210:1216 untreated control 1200:1216 untreated control 1200:1216 RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. 24146054 3 82 theme alginate-MSC 704:715 arg1 construct 717:725 alginate-MSC construct 704:725 alginate-MSC construct 704:725 After 3 weeks, the right knees were transplanted with PVA-chitosan-MSC, PVA-chitosan scaffold alone, alginate-MSC construct or alginate alone. 24146054 7 83 theme glycosaminoglycan 1260:1276 arg1 higher 1311:1316 higher 1311:1316 higher 1311:1316 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 7 83 theme glycosaminoglycan 1260:1276 arg1 content 1284:1290 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1256:1290 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1256:1290 In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. 24146054 1 84 theme alcohol 232:238 arg1 hydrogel 265:272 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel 216:272 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. 25164198 3 0 theme rods 632:635 arg1 co-dispersions 608:621 co-dispersions 608:621 co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios 608:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 4 1 theme composite 730:738 arg1 nanomaterials 740:752 plasmonic composite nanomaterials 720:752 plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production 720:781 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 3 2 theme continuous 465:474 arg1 regions 500:506 single-phase regions 487:506 single-phase regions 487:506 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 3 2 theme continuous 465:474 arg1 domains 476:482 continuous domains 465:482 continuous domains of single-phase regions 465:506 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 3 3 theme single-phase 487:498 arg1 regions 500:506 single-phase regions 487:506 single-phase regions 487:506 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 4 4 theme solar 758:762 arg1 production 772:781 solar biofuel production 758:781 solar biofuel production 758:781 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 3 5 from co-dispersions 608:621 arg1 basis 556:560 the basis 552:560 the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios 552:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 4 6 theme plasmonic 810:818 arg1 papers 820:825 polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers 787:825 polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers 787:825 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 3 7 theme ratios 657:662 arg1 rods 632:635 rigid rods 626:635 rigid rods of different aspect ratios 626:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 1 8 theme Nematic-like 94:105 arg1 self-assemblies 138:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies 94:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases 94:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 1 9 theme liquid 220:225 arg1 phases 239:244 liquid crystalline phases 220:244 liquid crystalline phases 220:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 3 10 theme regions 500:506 arg1 regions 500:506 single-phase regions 487:506 single-phase regions 487:506 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 3 10 theme regions 500:506 arg1 coexistence 449:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence 421:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence 421:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 3 10 theme regions 500:506 arg1 domains 476:482 continuous domains 465:482 continuous domains of single-phase regions 465:506 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 4 11 theme compatible 709:718 arg1 nanomaterials 740:752 plasmonic composite nanomaterials 720:752 plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production 720:781 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 3 12 theme Cholesteric-isotropic 421:441 arg1 coexistence 449:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence 421:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence 421:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 2 13 theme gold 406:409 arg1 nanorods 411:418 gold nanorods 406:418 gold nanorods 406:418 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 2 14 used used 343:346 arg2 imaging 331:337 two-photon luminescence imaging 307:337 two-photon luminescence imaging 307:337 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 2 14 used used 343:346 arg2 spectra 295:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra 261:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra 261:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 1 15 theme crystalline 227:237 arg1 phases 239:244 liquid crystalline phases 220:244 liquid crystalline phases 220:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 1 16 theme helicoidally 111:122 arg1 self-assemblies 138:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies 94:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases 94:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 1 17 theme orientational 124:136 arg1 self-assemblies 138:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies 94:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases 94:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 3 18 theme electrostatic 578:590 arg1 interactions 592:603 entropic and electrostatic interactions 565:603 interactions 592:603 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 0 19 theme colloidal 24:32 arg1 co-dispersions 34:47 colloidal co-dispersions 24:47 colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals 24:91 Orientationally ordered colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 25164198 4 20 theme plasmonic 720:728 arg1 nanomaterials 740:752 plasmonic composite nanomaterials 720:752 plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production 720:781 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 2 21 theme spatial 381:387 arg1 distributions 389:401 spatial distributions 381:401 spatial distributions 381:401 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 3 22 theme interactions 592:603 arg1 basis 556:560 the basis 552:560 the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios 552:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 0 23 theme gold 52:55 arg1 nanorods 57:64 gold nanorods 52:64 gold nanorods 52:64 Orientationally ordered colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 25164198 3 24 theme rigid 626:630 arg1 rods 632:635 rigid rods 626:635 rigid rods of different aspect ratios 626:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 2 25 theme two-photon 307:316 arg1 imaging 331:337 two-photon luminescence imaging 307:337 two-photon luminescence imaging 307:337 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 3 26 theme entropic 565:572 arg1 interactions 592:603 entropic and electrostatic interactions 565:603 interactions 592:603 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 3 27 theme phase 443:447 arg1 coexistence 449:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence 421:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence 421:459 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 0 28 theme nanorods 57:64 arg1 co-dispersions 34:47 colloidal co-dispersions 24:47 colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals 24:91 Orientationally ordered colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 25164198 2 29 theme Polarization-sensitive 261:282 arg1 spectra 295:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra 261:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra 261:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 2 30 theme extinction 284:293 arg1 spectra 295:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra 261:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra 261:301 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 1 31 theme gold 157:160 arg1 nanorods 162:169 gold nanorods 157:169 gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases 157:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 4 32 theme Potential 665:673 arg1 applications 675:686 Potential applications 665:686 Potential applications 665:686 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 3 33 from interactions 592:603 arg1 co-dispersions 608:621 co-dispersions 608:621 co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios 608:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 1 34 theme nanorods 162:169 arg1 self-assemblies 138:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies 94:152 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases 94:244 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 2 35 theme nanorods 411:418 arg1 orientations 364:375 orientations 364:375 orientations 364:375 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 2 35 theme nanorods 411:418 arg1 distributions 389:401 spatial distributions 381:401 spatial distributions 381:401 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 4 36 theme biofuel 764:770 arg1 production 772:781 solar biofuel production 758:781 solar biofuel production 758:781 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 0 37 theme nanocrystals 80:91 arg1 co-dispersions 34:47 colloidal co-dispersions 24:47 colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals 24:91 Orientationally ordered colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 25164198 1 38 theme cellulose 189:197 arg1 nanocrystals 199:210 cellulose nanocrystals 189:210 cellulose nanocrystals 189:210 Nematic-like and helicoidally orientational self-assemblies of gold nanorods co-dispersed with cellulose nanocrystals to form liquid crystalline phases are developed. 25164198 3 39 theme different 640:648 arg1 ratios 657:662 different aspect ratios 640:662 different aspect ratios 640:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 4 40 theme polarization-sensitive 787:808 arg1 papers 820:825 polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers 787:825 polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers 787:825 Potential applications include biologically compatible plasmonic composite nanomaterials for solar biofuel production and polarization-sensitive plasmonic papers and fabrics. 25164198 0 41 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 nanocrystals 80:91 cellulose nanocrystals 70:91 cellulose nanocrystals 70:91 Orientationally ordered colloidal co-dispersions of gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. 25164198 2 42 theme luminescence 318:329 arg1 imaging 331:337 two-photon luminescence imaging 307:337 two-photon luminescence imaging 307:337 Polarization-sensitive extinction spectra and two-photon luminescence imaging are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of gold nanorods. 25164198 3 43 from basis 556:560 arg1 co-dispersions 608:621 co-dispersions 608:621 co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios 608:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25164198 3 44 theme aspect 650:655 arg1 ratios 657:662 different aspect ratios 640:662 different aspect ratios 640:662 Cholesteric-isotropic phase coexistence and continuous domains of single-phase regions are observed and qualitatively discussed on the basis of entropic and electrostatic interactions in co-dispersions of rigid rods of different aspect ratios. 25037355 2 0 used used 294:297 arg2 amine 284:288 Stearyl amine 276:288 Stearyl amine 276:288 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 6 1 theme cancer 1076:1081 arg1 experiments 1096:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 7 2 theme promising 1195:1203 arg1 solution 1205:1212 a promising solution 1193:1212 a promising solution for PTX delivery 1193:1229 In conclusion, the approach presented herein will provide a promising solution for PTX delivery. 25037355 6 3 theme cervical 1067:1074 arg1 experiments 1096:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 4 4 dep stable 695:700 arg1 °C 794:795 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 794:795 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 4 dep stable 695:700 arg1 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 4 dep stable 695:700 arg1 formulation 679:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 4 dep stable 695:700 arg1 °C 784:785 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 784:785 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 1 5 theme loaded 112:117 arg1 liposomes 132:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes 95:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes 95:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 25037355 6 6 theme human 1061:1065 arg1 experiments 1096:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 6 7 theme induced 1037:1043 arg1 cytotoxicity 1045:1056 enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity 1024:1056 enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity 1024:1056 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 5 8 dep In 799:800 arg1 vitro 802:806 vitro 802:806 vitro 802:806 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 3 9 theme 17 549:550 arg1 ± 547:547 ± 547:547 ± 547:547 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 4 10 theme gastrointestinal 715:730 arg1 fluids 732:737 simulated gastrointestinal fluids 705:737 simulated gastrointestinal fluids 705:737 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 11 theme simulated 705:713 arg1 fluids 732:737 simulated gastrointestinal fluids 705:737 simulated gastrointestinal fluids 705:737 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 12 from conditions 770:779 arg1 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 3 13 theme process 447:453 arg1 variables 455:463 Various process variables 439:463 Various process variables 439:463 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 1 14 theme Paclitaxel 95:104 arg1 liposomes 132:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes 95:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes 95:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 25037355 3 15 theme zeta 556:559 arg1 potential 561:569 zeta potential 556:569 zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV 556:587 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 4 16 theme lyophilized 640:650 arg1 °C 794:795 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 794:795 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 16 theme lyophilized 640:650 arg1 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 16 theme lyophilized 640:650 arg1 formulation 679:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 16 theme lyophilized 640:650 arg1 °C 784:785 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 784:785 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 0 17 theme Layer-by-layer 0:13 arg1 assembly 15:22 Layer-by-layer assembly 0:22 Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan 0:34 Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan stabilized multilayered liposomes for paclitaxel delivery. 25037355 3 18 theme Various 439:445 arg1 variables 455:463 Various process variables 439:463 Various process variables 439:463 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 0 19 theme chitosan 27:34 arg1 assembly 15:22 Layer-by-layer assembly 0:22 Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan 0:34 Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan stabilized multilayered liposomes for paclitaxel delivery. 25037355 5 20 theme In 799:800 arg1 experiments 821:831 In vitro drug release experiments 799:831 In vitro drug release experiments 799:831 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 3 21 theme nm 552:553 arg1 efficiency 607:616 encapsulation efficiency 593:616 encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39% 593:633 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 21 theme nm 552:553 arg1 potential 561:569 zeta potential 556:569 zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV 556:587 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 21 theme nm 552:553 arg1 size 535:538 particle size 526:538 particle size of 215 ± 17 nm 526:553 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 5 22 theme release 813:819 arg1 experiments 821:831 In vitro drug release experiments 799:831 In vitro drug release experiments 799:831 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 5 23 theme drug 808:811 arg1 experiments 821:831 In vitro drug release experiments 799:831 In vitro drug release experiments 799:831 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 6 24 theme PTX 1033:1035 arg1 cytotoxicity 1045:1056 enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity 1024:1056 enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity 1024:1056 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 2 25 theme polyacrylic 385:395 arg1 PAA 403:405 PAA 403:405 PAA 403:405 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 2 25 theme polyacrylic 385:395 arg1 acid 397:400 anionic polyacrylic acid 377:400 anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan 377:436 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 2 26 theme positive 310:317 arg1 charge 319:324 positive charge 310:324 positive charge to the PTX-liposomes 310:345 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 2 27 theme cationic 420:427 arg1 chitosan 429:436 cationic chitosan 420:436 cationic chitosan 420:436 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 0 28 theme multilayered 47:58 arg1 liposomes 60:68 multilayered liposomes 47:68 multilayered liposomes for paclitaxel delivery 47:92 Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan stabilized multilayered liposomes for paclitaxel delivery. 25037355 6 29 theme enhanced 1024:1031 arg1 cytotoxicity 1045:1056 enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity 1024:1056 enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity 1024:1056 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 3 30 theme 2.39 629:632 arg1 ± 627:627 ± 627:627 ± 627:627 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 5 31 theme obvious 900:906 arg1 behaviors 926:934 obvious sustained release behaviors 900:934 obvious sustained release behaviors 900:934 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 5 32 theme chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes 851:876 arg1 formulation 878:888 chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 851:888 chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 851:888 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 7 33 theme PTX 1218:1220 arg1 delivery 1222:1229 PTX delivery 1218:1229 PTX delivery 1218:1229 In conclusion, the approach presented herein will provide a promising solution for PTX delivery. 25037355 5 34 theme sustained 908:916 arg1 behaviors 926:934 obvious sustained release behaviors 900:934 obvious sustained release behaviors 900:934 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 3 35 theme 70.93 621:625 arg1 ± 627:627 ± 627:627 ± 627:627 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 1 36 theme multilayered 119:130 arg1 liposomes 132:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes 95:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes 95:140 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 25037355 6 37 theme chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes 976:1001 arg1 formulation 1003:1013 chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 976:1013 chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 976:1013 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 4 38 from fluids 732:737 arg1 °C 794:795 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 794:795 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 38 from fluids 732:737 arg1 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 38 from fluids 732:737 arg1 formulation 679:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 38 from fluids 732:737 arg1 °C 784:785 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 784:785 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 3 39 theme encapsulation 593:605 arg1 efficiency 607:616 encapsulation efficiency 593:616 encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39% 593:633 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 4 40 theme chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes 652:677 arg1 °C 794:795 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 794:795 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 40 theme chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes 652:677 arg1 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 stable 695:700 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 40 theme chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes 652:677 arg1 formulation 679:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation 636:689 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 4 40 theme chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes 652:677 arg1 °C 784:785 4 °C and 25 °C 782:795 °C 784:785 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 3 41 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 formulation 496:506 the optimum formulation 484:506 the optimum formulation 484:506 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 4 42 theme environmental 756:768 arg1 conditions 770:779 different environmental conditions 746:779 different environmental conditions 746:779 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 1 43 theme liposomal 235:243 arg1 compositions 245:256 the liposomal compositions 231:256 the liposomal compositions 231:256 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 25037355 3 44 theme 215 543:545 arg1 ± 547:547 ± 547:547 ± 547:547 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 45 theme % 633:633 arg1 efficiency 607:616 encapsulation efficiency 593:616 encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39% 593:633 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 45 theme % 633:633 arg1 potential 561:569 zeta potential 556:569 zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV 556:587 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 45 theme % 633:633 arg1 size 535:538 particle size 526:538 particle size of 215 ± 17 nm 526:553 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 2 46 theme Stearyl 276:282 arg1 amine 284:288 Stearyl amine 276:288 Stearyl amine 276:288 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 4 47 theme different 746:754 arg1 conditions 770:779 different environmental conditions 746:779 different environmental conditions 746:779 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 1 48 theme layer-by-layer 162:175 arg1 assembly 177:184 layer-by-layer assembly 162:184 layer-by-layer assembly 162:184 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 25037355 1 49 theme compositions 245:256 arg1 stabilization 214:226 the stabilization 210:226 the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery 210:273 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 25037355 5 50 theme release 918:924 arg1 behaviors 926:934 obvious sustained release behaviors 900:934 obvious sustained release behaviors 900:934 In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation exhibited obvious sustained release behaviors compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 3 51 theme mV 586:587 arg1 efficiency 607:616 encapsulation efficiency 593:616 encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39% 593:633 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 51 theme mV 586:587 arg1 potential 561:569 zeta potential 556:569 zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV 556:587 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 51 theme mV 586:587 arg1 size 535:538 particle size 526:538 particle size of 215 ± 17 nm 526:553 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 52 theme particle 526:533 arg1 size 535:538 particle size 526:538 particle size of 215 ± 17 nm 526:553 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 6 53 theme culture 1088:1094 arg1 experiments 1096:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 0 54 theme paclitaxel 74:83 arg1 delivery 85:92 paclitaxel delivery 74:92 paclitaxel delivery 74:92 Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan stabilized multilayered liposomes for paclitaxel delivery. 25037355 3 55 contain have 521:524 arg2 potential 561:569 zeta potential 556:569 zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV 556:587 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 55 contain have 521:524 arg2 size 535:538 particle size 526:538 particle size of 215 ± 17 nm 526:553 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 55 contain have 521:524 arg2 efficiency 607:616 encapsulation efficiency 593:616 encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39% 593:633 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 3 55 contain have 521:524 arg1 formulation 496:506 the optimum formulation 484:506 the optimum formulation 484:506 Various process variables were optimized and the optimum formulation was found to have particle size of 215 ± 17 nm, zeta potential of +27.9 ± 3.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 70.93 ± 2.39%. 25037355 6 56 theme cell 1083:1086 arg1 experiments 1096:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 human cervical cancer cell culture experiments 1061:1106 Furthermore, chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation revealed enhanced PTX induced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cell culture experiments compared to PTX-liposomes. 25037355 2 57 theme anionic 377:383 arg1 PAA 403:405 PAA 403:405 PAA 403:405 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 2 57 theme anionic 377:383 arg1 acid 397:400 anionic polyacrylic acid 377:400 anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan 377:436 Stearyl amine was used to provide positive charge to the PTX-liposomes, and subsequently coated with anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) followed by cationic chitosan. 25037355 4 58 from stable 695:700 arg1 fluids 732:737 simulated gastrointestinal fluids 705:737 simulated gastrointestinal fluids 705:737 The lyophilized chitosan-PAA-PTX-liposomes formulation was stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at different environmental conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 25037355 1 59 theme PTX 262:264 arg1 delivery 266:273 PTX delivery 262:273 PTX delivery 262:273 Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded multilayered liposomes were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly in an effort to improve the stabilization of the liposomal compositions for PTX delivery. 27561502 7 0 theme adsorption 1427:1436 arg1 model 1438:1442 Langmuir adsorption model 1418:1442 Langmuir adsorption model 1418:1442 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 7 1 dep model 1438:1442 arg1 the 1414:1416 the 1414:1416 the 1414:1416 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 0 2 theme polysaccharide 85:98 arg1 process 74:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process 43:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 43:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 6 3 theme mass 1063:1066 arg1 ratio 1068:1072 the mass ratio 1059:1072 the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 1059:1092 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 6 3 theme mass 1063:1066 arg1 9/1 1098:1100 9/1 1098:1100 9/1 1098:1100 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 8 4 theme carbon/SiO2 1516:1526 arg1 composites 1528:1537 the carbon/SiO2 composites 1512:1537 the carbon/SiO2 composites 1512:1537 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 4 5 contain had 823:825 arg2 nano-fibers 895:905 the nano-fibers 891:905 the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures 891:943 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 5 contain had 823:825 arg2 shapes 833:838 three shapes 827:838 three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures 827:943 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 5 contain had 823:825 arg1 composites 805:814 the composites 801:814 the composites 801:814 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 5 contain had 823:825 arg2 spheres 864:870 monodispersed spheres 850:870 monodispersed spheres 850:870 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 5 contain had 823:825 arg2 pieces 880:885 porous pieces 873:885 porous pieces 873:885 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 0 6 theme adsorption 110:119 arg1 performance 121:131 their adsorption performance 104:131 their adsorption performance 104:131 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 0 7 from Fabrication 0:10 arg1 process 74:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process 43:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 43:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 7 8 theme isothermal 1368:1377 arg1 data 1379:1382 the isothermal data 1364:1382 the isothermal data 1364:1382 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 2 9 theme N2 503:504 arg1 adsorption 506:515 N2 adsorption 503:515 N2 adsorption 503:515 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 6 10 theme composites 1208:1217 arg1 capacity 1192:1199 the adsorption capacity 1177:1199 the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g 1177:1236 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 7 11 theme Langmuir 1418:1425 arg1 adsorption 1427:1436 Langmuir adsorption 1418:1436 Langmuir adsorption model 1418:1442 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 6 12 theme SiO2 1089:1092 arg1 ratio 1068:1072 the mass ratio 1059:1072 the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 1059:1092 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 6 12 theme SiO2 1089:1092 arg1 9/1 1098:1100 9/1 1098:1100 9/1 1098:1100 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 4 13 theme composites 805:814 arg1 morphology 787:796 the morphology 783:796 the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures 783:943 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 14 theme carbonization 737:749 arg1 time 751:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 1 15 theme tetraethyl 190:199 arg1 amylose 178:184 amylose 178:184 amylose 178:184 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 1 15 theme tetraethyl 190:199 arg1 orthosilicate 201:213 tetraethyl orthosilicate 190:213 tetraethyl orthosilicate 190:213 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 1 15 theme tetraethyl 190:199 arg1 materials 229:237 raw materials 225:237 raw materials 225:237 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 6 16 theme hydrothermal 1141:1152 arg1 temperature 1154:1164 the hydrothermal temperature 1137:1164 the hydrothermal temperature 1137:1164 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 4 17 theme nano-spheres 921:932 arg1 structures 934:943 nano-spheres structures 921:943 nano-spheres structures 921:943 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 8 18 theme maximum 1481:1487 arg1 capacity 1500:1507 The maximum adsorption capacity 1477:1507 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites 1477:1537 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 8 18 theme maximum 1481:1487 arg1 56.18mgg 1542:1549 56.18mgg 1542:1549 56.18mgg(-1) 1542:1553 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 4 19 theme hydrothermal 724:735 arg1 time 751:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 2 20 theme electron 398:405 arg1 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 20 theme electron 398:405 arg1 microscope 407:416 scanning electron microscope 389:416 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 389:422 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 21 theme electron 476:483 arg1 TEM 497:499 TEM 497:499 TEM 497:499 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 21 theme electron 476:483 arg1 microscope 485:494 transmission electron microscope 463:494 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 463:500 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 5 22 theme composites 980:989 arg1 performance 961:971 The adsorption performance 946:971 The adsorption performance of the composites 946:989 The adsorption performance of the composites was studied using Pb(2+) as simulated contaminants from water. 27561502 4 23 theme amylose 699:705 arg1 time 751:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 23 theme amylose 699:705 arg1 ratios 689:694 The mass ratios 680:694 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 680:714 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 2 24 theme scanning 389:396 arg1 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 SEM 419:421 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 24 theme scanning 389:396 arg1 microscope 407:416 scanning electron microscope 389:416 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 389:422 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 1 25 theme facial 272:277 arg1 process 306:312 a facial hydrothermal carbonization process 270:312 a facial hydrothermal carbonization process 270:312 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 6 26 theme adsorption 1181:1190 arg1 capacity 1192:1199 the adsorption capacity 1177:1199 the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g 1177:1236 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 2 27 theme carbon/SiO2 319:329 arg1 composites 331:340 The carbon/SiO2 composites 315:340 The carbon/SiO2 composites 315:340 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 7 28 theme adsorption 1267:1276 arg1 kinetics 1278:1285 adsorption kinetics 1267:1285 adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites 1267:1315 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 0 29 theme composites 27:36 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 0:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 0 29 theme composites 27:36 arg1 performance 121:131 their adsorption performance 104:131 their adsorption performance 104:131 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 1 30 theme hydrothermal 279:290 arg1 process 306:312 a facial hydrothermal carbonization process 270:312 a facial hydrothermal carbonization process 270:312 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 7 31 theme carbon/SiO2 1294:1304 arg1 composites 1306:1315 the carbon/SiO2 composites 1290:1315 the carbon/SiO2 composites 1290:1315 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 4 32 theme SiO2 711:714 arg1 time 751:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 32 theme SiO2 711:714 arg1 ratios 689:694 The mass ratios 680:694 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 680:714 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 2 33 theme Energy 425:430 arg1 Spectroscopy 443:454 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy 425:454 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) 425:460 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 33 theme Energy 425:430 arg1 EDS 457:459 EDS 457:459 EDS 457:459 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 1 34 theme carbonization 292:304 arg1 process 306:312 a facial hydrothermal carbonization process 270:312 a facial hydrothermal carbonization process 270:312 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 5 35 theme adsorption 950:959 arg1 performance 961:971 The adsorption performance 946:971 The adsorption performance of the composites 946:989 The adsorption performance of the composites was studied using Pb(2+) as simulated contaminants from water. 27561502 3 36 theme amorphous 611:619 arg1 carbon 621:626 amorphous carbon 611:626 amorphous carbon 611:626 The composites, which were made up of amorphous SiO2 and amorphous carbon, were found to have hierarchical porous structures. 27561502 7 37 theme Elovich 1343:1349 arg1 model 1351:1355 the Elovich model 1339:1355 the Elovich model 1339:1355 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 2 38 theme transmission 463:474 arg1 TEM 497:499 TEM 497:499 TEM 497:499 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 38 theme transmission 463:474 arg1 microscope 485:494 transmission electron microscope 463:494 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 463:500 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 39 theme Thermogravimetric 521:537 arg1 analysis 544:551 Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis 521:551 Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis 521:551 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 8 40 theme composites 1528:1537 arg1 capacity 1500:1507 The maximum adsorption capacity 1477:1507 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites 1477:1537 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 8 40 theme composites 1528:1537 arg1 56.18mgg 1542:1549 56.18mgg 1542:1549 56.18mgg(-1) 1542:1553 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 2 41 theme Dispersive 432:441 arg1 Spectroscopy 443:454 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy 425:454 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) 425:460 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 41 theme Dispersive 432:441 arg1 EDS 457:459 EDS 457:459 EDS 457:459 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 7 42 theme Experimental 1239:1250 arg1 data 1252:1255 Experimental data 1239:1255 Experimental data 1239:1255 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 0 43 theme carbonization 60:72 arg1 process 74:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process 43:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 43:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 5 44 from water 1047:1051 arg1 Pb 1009:1010 Pb 1009:1010 Pb(2+) 1009:1014 The adsorption performance of the composites was studied using Pb(2+) as simulated contaminants from water. 27561502 5 44 from water 1047:1051 arg1 contaminants 1029:1040 simulated contaminants 1019:1040 simulated contaminants from water 1019:1051 The adsorption performance of the composites was studied using Pb(2+) as simulated contaminants from water. 27561502 0 45 from process 74:80 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 0:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 0 45 from process 74:80 arg1 composites 27:36 carbon/SiO2 composites 15:36 carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 15:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 0 45 from process 74:80 arg1 performance 121:131 their adsorption performance 104:131 their adsorption performance 104:131 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 2 46 theme X-ray 364:368 arg1 XRD 383:385 XRD 383:385 XRD 383:385 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 2 46 theme X-ray 364:368 arg1 diffraction 370:380 X-ray diffraction 364:380 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 364:386 The carbon/SiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 27561502 0 47 theme hydrothermal 47:58 arg1 process 74:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process 43:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 43:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 4 48 theme monodispersed 850:862 arg1 spheres 864:870 monodispersed spheres 850:870 monodispersed spheres 850:870 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 7 49 theme Freundlich 1448:1457 arg1 model 1470:1474 Freundlich adsorption model 1448:1474 Freundlich adsorption model 1448:1474 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 7 50 theme adsorption 1459:1468 arg1 model 1470:1474 Freundlich adsorption model 1448:1474 Freundlich adsorption model 1448:1474 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 4 51 theme significant 760:770 arg1 effects 772:778 significant effects 760:778 significant effects 760:778 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 52 theme porous 873:878 arg1 pieces 880:885 porous pieces 873:885 porous pieces 873:885 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 0 53 from performance 121:131 arg1 process 74:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process 43:80 the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 43:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 7 54 theme composites 1306:1315 arg1 kinetics 1278:1285 adsorption kinetics 1267:1285 adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites 1267:1315 Experimental data show that adsorption kinetics of the carbon/SiO2 composites can be fitted well by the Elovich model, while the isothermal data can be perfectly described by the Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model. 27561502 6 55 theme amylose 1077:1083 arg1 ratio 1068:1072 the mass ratio 1059:1072 the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 1059:1092 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 6 55 theme amylose 1077:1083 arg1 9/1 1098:1100 9/1 1098:1100 9/1 1098:1100 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 1 56 theme raw 225:227 arg1 amylose 178:184 amylose 178:184 amylose 178:184 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 1 56 theme raw 225:227 arg1 orthosilicate 201:213 tetraethyl orthosilicate 190:213 tetraethyl orthosilicate 190:213 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 1 56 theme raw 225:227 arg1 materials 229:237 raw materials 225:237 raw materials 225:237 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 6 57 theme hydrothermal 1107:1118 arg1 time 1120:1123 the hydrothermal time 1103:1123 the hydrothermal time 1103:1123 When the mass ratio of amylose and SiO2 was 9/1, the hydrothermal time was 30h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180°C, the adsorption capacity of the composites achieved to 52mg/g. 27561502 3 58 theme amorphous 592:600 arg1 SiO2 602:605 amorphous SiO2 592:605 amorphous SiO2 592:605 The composites, which were made up of amorphous SiO2 and amorphous carbon, were found to have hierarchical porous structures. 27561502 4 59 theme mass 684:687 arg1 ratios 689:694 The mass ratios 680:694 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 680:714 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 5 60 theme simulated 1019:1027 arg1 Pb 1009:1010 Pb 1009:1010 Pb(2+) 1009:1014 The adsorption performance of the composites was studied using Pb(2+) as simulated contaminants from water. 27561502 5 60 theme simulated 1019:1027 arg1 contaminants 1029:1040 simulated contaminants 1019:1040 simulated contaminants from water 1019:1051 The adsorption performance of the composites was studied using Pb(2+) as simulated contaminants from water. 27561502 3 61 theme hierarchical 648:659 arg1 structures 668:677 hierarchical porous structures 648:677 hierarchical porous structures 648:677 The composites, which were made up of amorphous SiO2 and amorphous carbon, were found to have hierarchical porous structures. 27561502 8 62 theme adsorption 1489:1498 arg1 capacity 1500:1507 The maximum adsorption capacity 1477:1507 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites 1477:1537 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 8 62 theme adsorption 1489:1498 arg1 56.18mgg 1542:1549 56.18mgg 1542:1549 56.18mgg(-1) 1542:1553 The maximum adsorption capacity of the carbon/SiO2 composites is 56.18mgg(-1). 27561502 1 63 theme carbon/SiO2 148:158 arg1 composites 160:169 carbon/SiO2 composites 148:169 carbon/SiO2 composites 148:169 In this work, carbon/SiO2 composites, using amylose and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, were successfully prepared by a facial hydrothermal carbonization process. 27561502 3 64 theme porous 661:666 arg1 structures 668:677 hierarchical porous structures 648:677 hierarchical porous structures 648:677 The composites, which were made up of amorphous SiO2 and amorphous carbon, were found to have hierarchical porous structures. 27561502 0 65 theme carbon/SiO2 15:25 arg1 composites 27:36 carbon/SiO2 composites 15:36 carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide 15:98 Fabrication of carbon/SiO2 composites from the hydrothermal carbonization process of polysaccharide and their adsorption performance. 27561502 3 66 contain have 643:646 arg1 composites 558:567 The composites 554:567 The composites 554:567 The composites, which were made up of amorphous SiO2 and amorphous carbon, were found to have hierarchical porous structures. 27561502 3 66 contain have 643:646 arg2 structures 668:677 hierarchical porous structures 648:677 hierarchical porous structures 648:677 The composites, which were made up of amorphous SiO2 and amorphous carbon, were found to have hierarchical porous structures. 27561502 4 67 contain had 756:758 arg1 time 751:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 the hydrothermal carbonization time 720:754 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 67 contain had 756:758 arg2 effects 772:778 significant effects 760:778 significant effects 760:778 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 27561502 4 67 contain had 756:758 arg1 ratios 689:694 The mass ratios 680:694 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 680:714 The mass ratios of amylose and SiO2 and the hydrothermal carbonization time had significant effects on the morphology of the composites, which had three shapes including monodispersed spheres, porous pieces and the nano-fibers combined with nano-spheres structures. 29222019 6 0 attach presence 949:956 arg1 scaffold 985:992 the composite scaffold 971:992 the composite scaffold 971:992 These techniques confirmed the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold. 29222019 6 0 attach presence 949:956 arg2 NPs 964:966 Ag NPs 961:966 Ag NPs 961:966 These techniques confirmed the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold. 29222019 5 1 theme scanning 800:807 arg1 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 1 theme scanning 800:807 arg1 fourier 839:845 fourier 839:845 fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 839:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 1 theme scanning 800:807 arg1 microscope 818:827 field emission scanning electron microscope 785:827 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 785:836 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 1 2 theme microbial 242:250 arg1 strains 252:258 antibiotic resistant microbial strains 221:258 antibiotic resistant microbial strains 221:258 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 29222019 10 3 theme dressing 1514:1521 arg1 application 1457:1467 potential application 1447:1467 potential application in biomedical field 1447:1487 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 10 3 theme dressing 1514:1521 arg1 agent 1523:1527 a wound dressing agent 1506:1527 a wound dressing agent 1506:1527 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 10 4 theme wound 1508:1512 arg1 application 1457:1467 potential application 1447:1467 potential application in biomedical field 1447:1487 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 10 4 theme wound 1508:1512 arg1 agent 1523:1527 a wound dressing agent 1506:1527 a wound dressing agent 1506:1527 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 5 5 theme electron 809:816 arg1 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 5 theme electron 809:816 arg1 fourier 839:845 fourier 839:845 fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 839:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 5 theme electron 809:816 arg1 microscope 818:827 field emission scanning electron microscope 785:827 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 785:836 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 1 6 theme strains 252:258 arg1 emergence 208:216 the emergence 204:216 the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains 204:258 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 29222019 0 7 theme potential 84:92 arg1 application 94:104 its potential application 80:104 its potential application as wound dressing agent 80:128 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 10 8 from application 1457:1467 arg1 field 1483:1487 biomedical field 1472:1487 biomedical field 1472:1487 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 5 9 theme emission 791:798 arg1 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 9 theme emission 791:798 arg1 fourier 839:845 fourier 839:845 fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 839:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 9 theme emission 791:798 arg1 microscope 818:827 field emission scanning electron microscope 785:827 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 785:836 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 8 10 theme fibroblastic 1220:1231 arg1 cells 1233:1237 NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells 1213:1237 NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells adhered and proliferated onto all the scaffolds 1213:1285 From the data obtained, it was observed that NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells adhered and proliferated onto all the scaffolds. 29222019 5 11 theme FTIR 867:870 arg1 spectroscopy 873:884 (FTIR) spectroscopy 866:884 (FTIR) spectroscopy 866:884 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 7 12 theme CS-FP 1110:1114 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 2 13 theme microbial 279:287 arg1 strains 289:295 these microbial strains 273:295 these microbial strains 273:295 To overcome these microbial strains, we need to fabricate alternative materials which can handle them. 29222019 7 14 theme composite 1127:1135 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 5 15 theme scaffolds 647:655 arg1 efficacy 631:638 the efficacy 627:638 the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 627:713 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 6 16 theme composite 975:983 arg1 scaffold 985:992 the composite scaffold 971:992 the composite scaffold 971:992 These techniques confirmed the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold. 29222019 5 17 theme NPs 776:778 arg1 presence 757:764 the presence 753:764 the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 753:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 1 18 theme antibiotics 151:161 arg1 use 144:146 The frequent use 131:146 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections 131:190 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 29222019 7 19 theme adsorbed 1076:1083 arg1 FP 1085:1086 CS adsorbed FP 1073:1086 CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) 1073:1094 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 7 19 theme adsorbed 1076:1083 arg1 CS-FP 1089:1093 CS-FP 1089:1093 CS-FP 1089:1093 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 5 20 dep transform 847:855 arg1 infrared 857:864 infrared 857:864 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 847:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 7 21 theme FP 1085:1086 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 4 22 theme CS 573:574 arg1 layer 576:580 the CS layer 569:580 the CS layer of the composite scaffold 569:606 The AgNPs are incorporated in the CS layer of the composite scaffold. 29222019 0 23 theme novel 2:6 arg1 use 8:10 A novel use 0:10 A novel use of cellulose 0:23 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 3 24 theme adsorbed 479:486 arg1 CS 498:499 CS 498:499 CS 498:499 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 3 24 theme adsorbed 479:486 arg1 chitosan 488:495 adsorbed chitosan 479:495 adsorbed chitosan (CS) 479:500 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 8 25 theme NIH3T3 1213:1218 arg1 cells 1233:1237 NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells 1213:1237 NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells adhered and proliferated onto all the scaffolds 1213:1285 From the data obtained, it was observed that NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells adhered and proliferated onto all the scaffolds. 29222019 6 26 theme Ag 961:962 arg1 NPs 964:966 Ag NPs 961:966 Ag NPs 961:966 These techniques confirmed the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold. 29222019 1 27 theme microbial 171:179 arg1 infections 181:190 microbial infections 171:190 microbial infections 171:190 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 29222019 7 28 theme FP 1069:1070 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 10 29 theme biomedical 1472:1481 arg1 field 1483:1487 biomedical field 1472:1487 biomedical field 1472:1487 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 6 30 from presence 949:956 arg1 scaffold 985:992 the composite scaffold 971:992 the composite scaffold 971:992 These techniques confirmed the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold. 29222019 3 31 theme cellulose 406:414 arg1 scaffolds 455:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds 406:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 406:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 10 32 theme potential 1447:1455 arg1 application 1457:1467 potential application 1447:1467 potential application in biomedical field 1447:1487 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 10 32 theme potential 1447:1455 arg1 agent 1523:1527 a wound dressing agent 1506:1527 a wound dressing agent 1506:1527 It is, therefore, concluded that these scaffolds could find potential application in biomedical field, particularly as a wound dressing agent. 29222019 6 33 theme NPs 964:966 arg1 presence 949:956 the presence 945:956 the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold 945:992 These techniques confirmed the presence of Ag NPs in the composite scaffold. 29222019 0 34 theme dressing 115:122 arg1 agent 124:128 wound dressing agent 109:128 wound dressing agent 109:128 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 5 35 dep fourier 839:845 arg1 transform 847:855 transform 847:855 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 847:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 3 36 theme filter 427:432 arg1 scaffolds 455:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds 406:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 406:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 7 37 theme pristine 1060:1067 arg1 FP 1069:1070 pristine FP 1060:1070 pristine FP 1060:1070 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 0 38 theme wound 109:113 arg1 agent 124:128 wound dressing agent 109:128 wound dressing agent 109:128 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 3 39 theme sliver 506:511 arg1 NPs 533:535 NPs 533:535 NPs 533:535 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 3 39 theme sliver 506:511 arg1 nanoparticles 518:530 sliver (Ag) nanoparticles 506:530 sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 506:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 3 40 theme paper 434:438 arg1 scaffolds 455:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds 406:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 406:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 5 41 theme negative 688:695 arg1 strains 707:713 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 665:713 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 665:713 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 9 42 theme antibacterial 1330:1342 arg1 activity 1344:1351 good antibacterial activity 1325:1351 good antibacterial activity against both strains of bacteria 1325:1384 Furthermore, the scaffolds exhibited good antibacterial activity against both strains of bacteria. 29222019 8 43 dep cells 1233:1237 arg1 proliferated 1251:1262 proliferated 1251:1262 proliferated onto all the scaffolds 1251:1285 From the data obtained, it was observed that NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells adhered and proliferated onto all the scaffolds. 29222019 8 43 dep cells 1233:1237 arg1 adhered 1239:1245 adhered 1239:1245 adhered 1239:1245 From the data obtained, it was observed that NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells adhered and proliferated onto all the scaffolds. 29222019 7 44 theme in 1150:1151 arg1 studies 1159:1165 in vitro studies 1150:1165 in vitro studies 1150:1165 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 0 45 theme cellulose 15:23 arg1 use 8:10 A novel use 0:10 A novel use of cellulose 0:23 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 5 46 theme bacterial 697:705 arg1 strains 707:713 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 665:713 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 665:713 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 3 47 theme based 421:425 arg1 scaffolds 455:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds 406:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 406:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 7 48 theme scaffolds 1023:1031 arg1 biocompatibility 999:1014 The biocompatibility 995:1014 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds 995:1031 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 5 49 theme field 785:789 arg1 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 49 theme field 785:789 arg1 fourier 839:845 fourier 839:845 fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 839:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 49 theme field 785:789 arg1 microscope 818:827 field emission scanning electron microscope 785:827 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 785:836 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 50 with NPs 776:778 arg1 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 FE-SEM 830:835 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 50 with NPs 776:778 arg1 fourier 839:845 fourier 839:845 fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 839:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 50 with NPs 776:778 arg1 microscope 818:827 field emission scanning electron microscope 785:827 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 785:836 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 7 51 theme Ag 1100:1101 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 0 52 theme filter 31:36 arg1 paper 38:42 filter paper 31:42 filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent 31:128 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 9 53 theme good 1325:1328 arg1 activity 1344:1351 good antibacterial activity 1325:1351 good antibacterial activity against both strains of bacteria 1325:1384 Furthermore, the scaffolds exhibited good antibacterial activity against both strains of bacteria. 29222019 3 54 theme composite 445:453 arg1 scaffolds 455:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds 406:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 406:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 7 55 theme Ag-CS-FP 1117:1124 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 7 56 dep in 1150:1151 arg1 vitro 1153:1157 vitro 1153:1157 vitro 1153:1157 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 4 57 theme composite 589:597 arg1 scaffold 599:606 the composite scaffold 585:606 the composite scaffold 585:606 The AgNPs are incorporated in the CS layer of the composite scaffold. 29222019 2 58 theme alternative 319:329 arg1 materials 331:339 alternative materials 319:339 alternative materials which can handle them 319:361 To overcome these microbial strains, we need to fabricate alternative materials which can handle them. 29222019 5 59 theme x-ray 890:894 arg1 diffractometer 896:909 x-ray diffractometer 890:909 x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 890:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 5 59 theme x-ray 890:894 arg1 XRD 912:914 XRD 912:914 XRD 912:914 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 3 60 theme FP 441:442 arg1 scaffolds 455:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds 406:463 cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) 406:536 It is for this reason, we have fabricated cellulose (CE) based filter paper (FP) composite scaffolds comprising of adsorbed chitosan (CS) and sliver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). 29222019 0 61 theme silver 55:60 arg1 nanoparticles 62:74 silver nanoparticles 55:74 silver nanoparticles 55:74 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 9 62 theme bacteria 1377:1384 arg1 strains 1366:1372 both strains 1361:1372 both strains of bacteria 1361:1384 Furthermore, the scaffolds exhibited good antibacterial activity against both strains of bacteria. 29222019 4 63 theme scaffold 599:606 arg1 layer 576:580 the CS layer 569:580 the CS layer of the composite scaffold 569:606 The AgNPs are incorporated in the CS layer of the composite scaffold. 29222019 5 64 theme Ag 773:774 arg1 NPs 776:778 the Ag NPs 769:778 the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) 769:915 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 1 65 theme antibiotic 221:230 arg1 strains 252:258 antibiotic resistant microbial strains 221:258 antibiotic resistant microbial strains 221:258 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 29222019 5 66 theme positive 670:677 arg1 strains 707:713 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 665:713 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains 665:713 Prior to evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, the scaffolds were characterized for the presence of the Ag NPs with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). 29222019 7 67 theme CS 1073:1074 arg1 FP 1085:1086 CS adsorbed FP 1073:1086 CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) 1073:1094 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 7 67 theme CS 1073:1074 arg1 CS-FP 1089:1093 CS-FP 1089:1093 CS-FP 1089:1093 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 0 68 contain containing 44:53 arg2 nanoparticles 62:74 silver nanoparticles 55:74 silver nanoparticles 55:74 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 0 68 contain containing 44:53 arg1 paper 38:42 filter paper 31:42 filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent 31:128 A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. 29222019 1 69 theme frequent 135:142 arg1 use 144:146 The frequent use 131:146 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections 131:190 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 29222019 7 70 theme loaded 1103:1108 arg1 scaffolds 1137:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds 1060:1145 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by subjecting pristine FP, CS adsorbed FP (CS-FP) and Ag loaded CS-FP (Ag-CS-FP) composite scaffolds to in vitro studies. 29222019 1 71 theme resistant 232:240 arg1 strains 252:258 antibiotic resistant microbial strains 221:258 antibiotic resistant microbial strains 221:258 The frequent use of antibiotics against microbial infections may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbial strains. 25113805 3 0 theme physiologic 660:670 arg1 function 672:679 normal physiologic function 653:679 normal physiologic function 653:679 To date, there have been few studies evaluating tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear, which are particularly relevant for understanding tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function. 25113805 11 1 theme compression 1958:1968 arg1 combinations 1933:1944 supporting combinations 1922:1944 supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments 1922:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 8 2 dep relaxation 1388:1397 arg1 i.e. 1382:1385 i.e. 1382:1385 i.e. 1382:1385 Surprisingly, the viscous (i.e., relaxation) behavior was not different between regions for either compression or shear. 25113805 1 3 theme different 173:181 arg1 locations 183:191 different locations 173:191 different locations 173:191 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 4 4 theme mechanical 905:914 arg1 properties 916:925 functional mechanical properties 894:925 functional mechanical properties 894:925 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 10 5 theme mechanical 1627:1636 arg1 differences 1638:1648 mechanical differences 1627:1648 mechanical differences 1627:1648 Results demonstrate mechanical differences between two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading, which are attributed to variations of composition and microstructural organization. 25113805 0 6 theme mechanical 98:107 arg1 properties 109:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 3 7 theme few 462:464 arg1 studies 466:472 few studies 462:472 few studies 462:472 To date, there have been few studies evaluating tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear, which are particularly relevant for understanding tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function. 25113805 10 8 theme DDFT 1673:1676 arg1 regions 1662:1668 two regions 1658:1668 two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading 1658:1712 Results demonstrate mechanical differences between two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading, which are attributed to variations of composition and microstructural organization. 25113805 1 9 theme unique 205:210 arg1 environments 251:262 unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments 205:262 unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments 205:262 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 4 10 theme structural 864:873 arg1 characteristics 875:889 structural characteristics 864:889 structural characteristics 864:889 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 1 11 from times 220:224 arg1 complex 226:232 complex 226:232 complex 226:232 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 5 12 theme stress-relaxation 1038:1054 arg1 tests 1056:1060 three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests 1015:1060 three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests 1015:1060 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 4 13 theme study 704:708 arg1 objective 686:694 The objective 682:694 The objective of this study 682:708 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 0 14 theme shear 147:151 arg1 loading 153:159 shear loading 147:159 shear loading 147:159 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 3 15 theme tendon 590:595 arg1 regions 597:603 tendon regions 590:603 tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function 590:679 To date, there have been few studies evaluating tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear, which are particularly relevant for understanding tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function. 25113805 9 16 theme distal 1543:1548 arg1 region 1550:1555 the distal region 1539:1555 the distal region 1539:1555 Histological analysis showed that collagen and proteoglycan in the distal region distributed differently from the proximal region. 25113805 11 17 theme structure-function 1842:1859 arg1 relationships 1861:1873 structure-function relationships 1842:1873 structure-function relationships of tendon 1842:1883 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 0 18 theme elastic 72:78 arg1 properties 109:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 7 19 from differences 1173:1183 arg1 behavior 1200:1207 the elastic behavior 1188:1207 the elastic behavior between regions 1188:1223 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 11 20 from compression 1958:1968 arg1 environments 2006:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 7 21 theme distal 1226:1231 arg1 stresses 1240:1247 distal region stresses 1226:1247 distal region stresses 1226:1247 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 5 22 theme DDFT 959:962 arg1 regions 948:954 Distal and proximal regions 928:954 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT 928:962 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 4 23 theme regions 760:766 arg1 responses 737:745 mechanical responses 726:745 mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 726:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 2 24 theme tensile 358:364 arg1 loading 366:372 tensile loading 358:372 tensile loading 358:372 Specifically, some tendons are subjected to compression, shear and/or torsion in addition to tensile loading, which play an important role in regulating tendon properties. 25113805 11 25 theme physiological 1984:1996 arg1 environments 2006:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 0 26 theme viscous 89:95 arg1 properties 109:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 0 27 theme digital 33:39 arg1 tendon 48:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 9 28 theme proximal 1590:1597 arg1 region 1599:1604 the proximal region 1586:1604 the proximal region 1586:1604 Histological analysis showed that collagen and proteoglycan in the distal region distributed differently from the proximal region. 25113805 6 29 theme linear 1091:1096 arg1 model 1098:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model was used to describe the viscoelastic response. 25113805 11 30 from combinations 1933:1944 arg1 environments 2006:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 11 31 theme shear 1975:1979 arg1 combinations 1933:1944 supporting combinations 1922:1944 supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments 1922:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 0 32 theme Different 0:8 arg1 regions 10:16 Different regions 0:16 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon 0:53 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 1 33 theme loading 243:249 arg1 environments 251:262 unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments 205:262 unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments 205:262 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 6 34 theme two-relaxation-time 1065:1083 arg1 model 1098:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model was used to describe the viscoelastic response. 25113805 11 35 from tension 1949:1955 arg1 environments 2006:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 4 36 theme mechanical 726:735 arg1 responses 737:745 mechanical responses 726:745 mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 726:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 7 37 theme larger 1334:1339 arg1 times 1328:1332 2-3 times 1324:1332 2-3 times larger during shear 1324:1352 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 4 38 theme tendons 798:804 arg1 regions 760:766 different regions 750:766 different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 750:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 0 39 theme deep 28:31 arg1 tendon 48:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 10 40 theme composition 1753:1763 arg1 variations 1739:1748 variations 1739:1748 variations of composition and microstructural organization 1739:1796 Results demonstrate mechanical differences between two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading, which are attributed to variations of composition and microstructural organization. 25113805 0 41 theme flexor 41:46 arg1 tendon 48:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 5 42 theme incremental 1026:1036 arg1 tests 1056:1060 three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests 1015:1060 three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests 1015:1060 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 3 43 theme normal 653:658 arg1 function 672:679 normal physiologic function 653:679 normal physiologic function 653:679 To date, there have been few studies evaluating tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear, which are particularly relevant for understanding tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function. 25113805 4 44 theme bovine 771:776 arg1 tendons 798:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons 771:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 771:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 4 44 theme bovine 771:776 arg1 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 11 45 theme supporting 1922:1931 arg1 combinations 1933:1944 supporting combinations 1922:1944 supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments 1922:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 4 46 theme digital 783:789 arg1 tendons 798:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons 771:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 771:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 4 46 theme digital 783:789 arg1 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 5 47 theme loading 996:1002 arg1 system 1004:1009 a custom-made loading system 982:1009 a custom-made loading system 982:1009 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 7 48 theme proximal 1276:1283 arg1 stresses 1292:1299 proximal region stresses 1276:1299 proximal region stresses during compression 1276:1318 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 10 49 theme microstructural 1769:1783 arg1 organization 1785:1796 microstructural organization 1769:1796 microstructural organization 1769:1796 Results demonstrate mechanical differences between two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading, which are attributed to variations of composition and microstructural organization. 25113805 4 50 theme shear 835:839 arg1 loading 841:847 compressive and shear loading 819:847 loading 841:847 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 7 51 theme larger 1264:1269 arg1 times 1258:1262 4-5 times 1254:1262 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression 1254:1318 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 3 52 theme tendon 485:490 arg1 mechanics 492:500 tendon mechanics 485:500 tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear 485:537 To date, there have been few studies evaluating tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear, which are particularly relevant for understanding tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function. 25113805 9 53 from proteoglycan 1523:1534 arg1 region 1550:1555 the distal region 1539:1555 the distal region 1539:1555 Histological analysis showed that collagen and proteoglycan in the distal region distributed differently from the proximal region. 25113805 4 54 theme compressive 819:829 arg1 loading 841:847 compressive and shear loading 819:847 loading 841:847 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 9 55 from collagen 1510:1517 arg1 region 1550:1555 the distal region 1539:1555 the distal region 1539:1555 Histological analysis showed that collagen and proteoglycan in the distal region distributed differently from the proximal region. 25113805 9 56 theme Histological 1476:1487 arg1 analysis 1489:1496 Histological analysis 1476:1496 Histological analysis 1476:1496 Histological analysis showed that collagen and proteoglycan in the distal region distributed differently from the proximal region. 25113805 4 57 theme functional 894:903 arg1 properties 916:925 functional mechanical properties 894:925 functional mechanical properties 894:925 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 11 58 theme tendon 1878:1883 arg1 relationships 1861:1873 structure-function relationships 1842:1873 structure-function relationships of tendon 1842:1883 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 11 59 from environments 2006:2017 arg1 combinations 1933:1944 supporting combinations 1922:1944 supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments 1922:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 6 60 used used 1108:1111 arg2 model 1098:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model was used to describe the viscoelastic response. 25113805 1 61 dep in 235:236 arg1 vivo 238:241 vivo 238:241 vivo 238:241 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 11 62 from shear 1975:1979 arg1 environments 2006:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 6 63 theme viscoelastic 1129:1140 arg1 response 1142:1149 the viscoelastic response 1125:1149 the viscoelastic response 1125:1149 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model was used to describe the viscoelastic response. 25113805 0 64 theme distinct 63:70 arg1 properties 109:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties 63:118 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 7 65 theme region 1233:1238 arg1 stresses 1240:1247 distal region stresses 1226:1247 distal region stresses 1226:1247 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 1 66 from Tendons 162:168 arg1 locations 183:191 different locations 173:191 different locations 173:191 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 11 67 theme relationships 1861:1873 arg1 understanding 1825:1837 our understanding 1821:1837 our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon 1821:1883 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 8 68 theme viscous 1373:1379 arg1 behavior 1400:1407 the viscous (i.e., relaxation) behavior 1369:1407 the viscous (i.e., relaxation) behavior 1369:1407 Surprisingly, the viscous (i.e., relaxation) behavior was not different between regions for either compression or shear. 25113805 8 68 theme viscous 1373:1379 arg1 different 1417:1425 different 1417:1425 different 1417:1425 Surprisingly, the viscous (i.e., relaxation) behavior was not different between regions for either compression or shear. 25113805 11 69 theme loading 1998:2004 arg1 environments 2006:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 physiological loading environments 1984:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 7 70 theme elastic 1192:1198 arg1 behavior 1200:1207 the elastic behavior 1188:1207 the elastic behavior between regions 1188:1223 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 5 71 theme Distal 928:933 arg1 regions 948:954 Distal and proximal regions 928:954 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT 928:962 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 6 72 theme solid 1085:1089 arg1 model 1098:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model 1063:1102 A two-relaxation-time solid linear model was used to describe the viscoelastic response. 25113805 0 73 theme bovine 21:26 arg1 tendon 48:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 bovine deep digital flexor tendon 21:53 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 5 74 theme proximal 939:946 arg1 regions 948:954 Distal and proximal regions 928:954 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT 928:962 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 2 75 theme important 389:397 arg1 role 399:402 an important role 386:402 an important role 386:402 Specifically, some tendons are subjected to compression, shear and/or torsion in addition to tensile loading, which play an important role in regulating tendon properties. 25113805 7 76 theme large 1167:1171 arg1 differences 1173:1183 large differences 1167:1183 large differences in the elastic behavior between regions 1167:1223 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 4 77 theme flexor 791:796 arg1 tendons 798:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons 771:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 771:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 4 77 theme flexor 791:796 arg1 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 0 78 theme tendon 48:53 arg1 regions 10:16 Different regions 0:16 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon 0:53 Different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendon exhibit distinct elastic, but not viscous, mechanical properties under both compression and shear loading. 25113805 5 79 theme three-step 1015:1024 arg1 tests 1056:1060 three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests 1015:1060 three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests 1015:1060 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 2 80 theme tendon 418:423 arg1 properties 425:434 tendon properties 418:434 tendon properties 418:434 Specifically, some tendons are subjected to compression, shear and/or torsion in addition to tensile loading, which play an important role in regulating tendon properties. 25113805 11 81 theme tension 1949:1955 arg1 combinations 1933:1944 supporting combinations 1922:1944 supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments 1922:2017 These findings deepen our understanding of structure-function relationships of tendon, particularly for tissues adapted to supporting combinations of tension, compression, and shear in physiological loading environments. 25113805 7 82 theme region 1285:1290 arg1 stresses 1292:1299 proximal region stresses 1276:1299 proximal region stresses during compression 1276:1318 Results showed large differences in the elastic behavior between regions: distal region stresses were 4-5 times larger than proximal region stresses during compression and 2-3 times larger during shear. 25113805 4 83 theme different 750:758 arg1 regions 760:766 different regions 750:766 different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 750:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 3 84 theme non-tensile 626:636 arg1 loading 638:644 non-tensile loading 626:644 non-tensile loading 626:644 To date, there have been few studies evaluating tendon mechanics when loaded in compression and shear, which are particularly relevant for understanding tendon regions that experience such non-tensile loading during normal physiologic function. 25113805 1 85 dep unique 205:210 arg1 in 235:236 in 235:236 in 235:236 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 1 85 dep unique 205:210 arg1 complex 226:232 complex 226:232 complex 226:232 Tendons in different locations function in unique, and at times complex, in vivo loading environments. 25113805 5 86 theme custom-made 984:994 arg1 system 1004:1009 a custom-made loading system 982:1009 a custom-made loading system 982:1009 Distal and proximal regions of DDFT were evaluated in a custom-made loading system via three-step incremental stress-relaxation tests. 25113805 10 87 theme shear 1700:1704 arg1 loading 1706:1712 shear loading 1700:1712 shear loading 1700:1712 Results demonstrate mechanical differences between two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading, which are attributed to variations of composition and microstructural organization. 25113805 4 88 theme deep 778:781 arg1 tendons 798:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons 771:804 bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) 771:811 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 4 88 theme deep 778:781 arg1 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 DDFT 807:810 The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical responses of different regions of bovine deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) under compressive and shear loading, and correlate structural characteristics to functional mechanical properties. 25113805 10 89 theme organization 1785:1796 arg1 variations 1739:1748 variations 1739:1748 variations of composition and microstructural organization 1739:1796 Results demonstrate mechanical differences between two regions of DDFT under compression and shear loading, which are attributed to variations of composition and microstructural organization. 25439912 6 0 theme solvent 795:801 arg1 release 784:790 the release 780:790 the release of solvent 780:801 However, once the fluid was removed from the gel surface, the release of solvent starts again if the elasticity is below the compressive pressure in the gel. 25439912 6 1 from pressure 859:866 arg1 gel 875:877 the gel 871:877 the gel 871:877 However, once the fluid was removed from the gel surface, the release of solvent starts again if the elasticity is below the compressive pressure in the gel. 25439912 0 2 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 41:50 the syneresis properties 27:50 the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels 27:72 Influence of elasticity on the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels. 25439912 3 3 theme maximum 359:365 arg1 syneresis 367:375 The maximum syneresis 355:375 The maximum syneresis 355:375 The maximum syneresis was found at intermediate elasticity where the gel was neither strong nor weak. 25439912 5 4 theme syneresis 663:671 arg1 process 673:679 the syneresis process 659:679 the syneresis process 659:679 Experiments revealed a dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process where syneresis fluid was not withdrawn. 25439912 1 5 from concentration 276:288 arg1 gel 243:245 the gel 239:245 the gel 239:245 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 4 6 theme gel 478:480 arg1 composition 482:492 the gel composition 474:492 the gel composition 474:492 The variation in the gel composition indicated that the fluid is released according to the thermal retraction coefficient, which depends on the elasticity. 25439912 6 7 attach removed 750:756 arg1 surface 771:777 the gel surface 763:777 the gel surface 763:777 However, once the fluid was removed from the gel surface, the release of solvent starts again if the elasticity is below the compressive pressure in the gel. 25439912 6 7 attach removed 750:756 arg2 fluid 740:744 the fluid 736:744 the fluid 736:744 However, once the fluid was removed from the gel surface, the release of solvent starts again if the elasticity is below the compressive pressure in the gel. 25439912 1 8 theme Kappa-carrageenan 75:91 arg1 hydrogels 93:101 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels 75:101 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels 75:101 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 7 9 theme process 987:993 arg1 equilibrium 958:968 the dynamic equilibrium 946:968 the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process 946:993 Therefore, swelling of the gel is suggested as an explanation for the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process. 25439912 6 10 theme compressive 847:857 arg1 pressure 859:866 the compressive pressure 843:866 the compressive pressure in the gel 843:877 However, once the fluid was removed from the gel surface, the release of solvent starts again if the elasticity is below the compressive pressure in the gel. 25439912 7 11 theme gel 907:909 arg1 swelling 891:898 swelling 891:898 swelling of the gel 891:909 Therefore, swelling of the gel is suggested as an explanation for the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process. 25439912 7 11 theme gel 907:909 arg1 explanation 930:940 an explanation 927:940 an explanation for the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process 927:993 Therefore, swelling of the gel is suggested as an explanation for the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process. 25439912 4 12 from variation 461:469 arg1 composition 482:492 the gel composition 474:492 the gel composition 474:492 The variation in the gel composition indicated that the fluid is released according to the thermal retraction coefficient, which depends on the elasticity. 25439912 6 13 theme gel 767:769 arg1 surface 771:777 the gel surface 763:777 the gel surface 763:777 However, once the fluid was removed from the gel surface, the release of solvent starts again if the elasticity is below the compressive pressure in the gel. 25439912 2 14 theme weak 302:305 arg1 gels 307:310 Strong and weak gels 291:310 Strong and weak gels 291:310 Strong and weak gels exhibit notably weak syneresis properties. 25439912 1 15 theme polysaccharide 261:274 arg1 concentration 276:288 the polysaccharide concentration 257:288 the polysaccharide concentration 257:288 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 7 16 theme syneresis 977:985 arg1 process 987:993 the syneresis process 973:993 the syneresis process 973:993 Therefore, swelling of the gel is suggested as an explanation for the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process. 25439912 0 17 theme elasticity 13:22 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of elasticity on the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels. 0:73 Influence of elasticity on the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels. 25439912 4 18 theme retraction 556:565 arg1 coefficient 567:577 the thermal retraction coefficient 544:577 the thermal retraction coefficient 544:577 The variation in the gel composition indicated that the fluid is released according to the thermal retraction coefficient, which depends on the elasticity. 25439912 2 19 theme Strong 291:296 arg1 gels 307:310 Strong and weak gels 291:310 Strong and weak gels 291:310 Strong and weak gels exhibit notably weak syneresis properties. 25439912 0 20 theme syneresis 31:39 arg1 properties 41:50 the syneresis properties 27:50 the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels 27:72 Influence of elasticity on the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels. 25439912 4 21 theme thermal 548:554 arg1 coefficient 567:577 the thermal retraction coefficient 544:577 the thermal retraction coefficient 544:577 The variation in the gel composition indicated that the fluid is released according to the thermal retraction coefficient, which depends on the elasticity. 25439912 1 22 theme salt 217:220 arg1 KCl 248:250 KCl 248:250 KCl 248:250 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 1 22 theme salt 217:220 arg1 concentration 222:234 the salt concentration 213:234 the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) 213:251 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 3 23 theme intermediate 390:401 arg1 elasticity 403:412 intermediate elasticity 390:412 intermediate elasticity where the gel was neither strong nor weak 390:454 The maximum syneresis was found at intermediate elasticity where the gel was neither strong nor weak. 25439912 5 24 theme process 673:679 arg1 equilibrium 644:654 a dynamic equilibrium 634:654 a dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process where syneresis fluid was not withdrawn 634:719 Experiments revealed a dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process where syneresis fluid was not withdrawn. 25439912 5 25 theme syneresis 687:695 arg1 fluid 697:701 syneresis fluid 687:701 syneresis fluid 687:701 Experiments revealed a dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process where syneresis fluid was not withdrawn. 25439912 2 26 theme syneresis 333:341 arg1 properties 343:352 notably weak syneresis properties 320:352 notably weak syneresis properties 320:352 Strong and weak gels exhibit notably weak syneresis properties. 25439912 1 27 from temperature 200:210 arg1 gel 243:245 the gel 239:245 the gel 239:245 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 2 28 theme weak 328:331 arg1 properties 343:352 notably weak syneresis properties 320:352 notably weak syneresis properties 320:352 Strong and weak gels exhibit notably weak syneresis properties. 25439912 1 29 from concentration 222:234 arg1 gel 243:245 the gel 239:245 the gel 239:245 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 3 30 located found 381:385 arg1 elasticity 403:412 intermediate elasticity 390:412 intermediate elasticity where the gel was neither strong nor weak 390:454 The maximum syneresis was found at intermediate elasticity where the gel was neither strong nor weak. 25439912 3 30 located found 381:385 arg2 syneresis 367:375 The maximum syneresis 355:375 The maximum syneresis 355:375 The maximum syneresis was found at intermediate elasticity where the gel was neither strong nor weak. 25439912 0 31 theme gels 69:72 arg1 properties 41:50 the syneresis properties 27:50 the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels 27:72 Influence of elasticity on the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels. 25439912 7 32 theme dynamic 950:956 arg1 equilibrium 958:968 the dynamic equilibrium 946:968 the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process 946:993 Therefore, swelling of the gel is suggested as an explanation for the dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process. 25439912 1 33 theme certain 149:155 arg1 conditions 168:177 certain elasticity conditions 149:177 certain elasticity conditions 149:177 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 0 34 theme κ-carrageenan 55:67 arg1 gels 69:72 κ-carrageenan gels 55:72 κ-carrageenan gels 55:72 Influence of elasticity on the syneresis properties of κ-carrageenan gels. 25439912 1 35 theme elasticity 157:166 arg1 conditions 168:177 certain elasticity conditions 149:177 certain elasticity conditions 149:177 Kappa-carrageenan hydrogels spontaneously release fluid (syneresis) under certain elasticity conditions, which depend on the temperature, the salt concentration in the gel (KCl) and the polysaccharide concentration. 25439912 5 36 theme dynamic 636:642 arg1 equilibrium 644:654 a dynamic equilibrium 634:654 a dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process where syneresis fluid was not withdrawn 634:719 Experiments revealed a dynamic equilibrium of the syneresis process where syneresis fluid was not withdrawn. 25379387 0 0 theme cell-cell 75:83 arg1 border 85:90 the cell-cell border 71:90 the cell-cell border 71:90 Cell surface N-glycans influence the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 2 1 theme epithelial-derived 320:337 arg1 cells 339:343 epithelial-derived cells 320:343 epithelial-derived cells 320:343 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 3 2 theme interactions 650:661 arg1 strength 628:635 the strength 624:635 the strength of cell-cell interactions 624:661 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 3 3 dep recruitment 534:544 arg1 the 530:532 the 530:532 the 530:532 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 2 4 link epithelial-derived 320:337 arg1 cells 339:343 epithelial-derived cells 320:343 epithelial-derived cells 320:343 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 3 5 theme cell 508:511 arg1 surface 513:519 the cell surface 504:519 the cell surface 504:519 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 2 6 theme cell 261:264 arg1 impact 266:271 the cell impact 257:271 the cell impact 257:271 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 3 7 theme N-glycans 491:499 arg1 reduction 478:486 reduction 478:486 reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface 478:519 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 0 8 theme surface 5:11 arg1 N-glycans 13:21 Cell surface N-glycans 0:21 Cell surface N-glycans 0:21 Cell surface N-glycans influence the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 4 9 theme cell-cell 825:833 arg1 adhesion 835:842 E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion 805:842 E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion 805:842 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 2 10 theme E-cadherin 286:295 arg1 level 277:281 the level 273:281 the level of E-cadherin 273:295 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 3 11 from border 591:596 arg1 retention 550:558 retention 550:558 retention 550:558 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 3 11 from border 591:596 arg1 recruitment 534:544 recruitment 534:544 recruitment 534:544 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 0 12 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 N-glycans 13:21 Cell surface N-glycans 0:21 Cell surface N-glycans 0:21 Cell surface N-glycans influence the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 4 13 attach linked 723:728 arg2 N-glycans 681:689 N-glycans 681:689 N-glycans at the cell surface 681:709 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 13 attach linked 723:728 arg3 border 778:783 the cell-cell border 764:783 the cell-cell border 764:783 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 13 attach linked 723:728 arg1 placement 737:745 the placement 733:745 the placement of E-cadherin 733:759 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 14 theme mediated 816:823 arg1 adhesion 835:842 E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion 805:842 E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion 805:842 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 15 from surface 703:709 arg1 N-glycans 681:689 N-glycans 681:689 N-glycans at the cell surface 681:709 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 16 theme cell 698:701 arg1 surface 703:709 the cell surface 694:709 the cell surface 694:709 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 17 dep linked 723:728 arg1 control 797:803 control 797:803 control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion 797:842 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 2 18 theme cell-cell 439:447 arg1 border 449:454 the cell-cell border 435:454 the cell-cell border 435:454 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 1 19 theme tissue 194:199 arg1 adhesion 119:126 adhesion 119:126 adhesion of cells to each other 119:149 E-cadherin is crucial for adhesion of cells to each other and thereby development and maintenance of tissue. 25379387 1 19 theme tissue 194:199 arg1 development 163:173 development 163:173 development 163:173 E-cadherin is crucial for adhesion of cells to each other and thereby development and maintenance of tissue. 25379387 1 19 theme tissue 194:199 arg1 maintenance 179:189 maintenance 179:189 maintenance 179:189 E-cadherin is crucial for adhesion of cells to each other and thereby development and maintenance of tissue. 25379387 3 20 theme E-cadherin 563:572 arg1 retention 550:558 retention 550:558 retention 550:558 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 3 20 theme E-cadherin 563:572 arg1 recruitment 534:544 recruitment 534:544 recruitment 534:544 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 0 21 theme functional 46:55 arg1 E-cadherin 57:66 functional E-cadherin 46:66 functional E-cadherin 46:66 Cell surface N-glycans influence the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 2 22 dep level 277:281 arg1 surface 309:315 the cell surface 300:315 the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells 300:343 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 2 23 theme E-cadherin 421:430 arg1 clustering 407:416 the clustering 403:416 the clustering of E-cadherin 403:430 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 2 24 theme cell 304:307 arg1 surface 309:315 the cell surface 300:315 the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells 300:343 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 3 25 from surface 513:519 arg1 reduction 478:486 reduction 478:486 reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface 478:519 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 3 26 theme cell-cell 640:648 arg1 interactions 650:661 cell-cell interactions 640:661 cell-cell interactions 640:661 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 3 27 theme cell-cell 581:589 arg1 border 591:596 the cell-cell border 577:596 the cell-cell border 577:596 Here, we demonstrate reduction of N-glycans at the cell surface weakened the recruitment and retention of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border, and consequently reduced the strength of cell-cell interactions. 25379387 4 28 theme cell-cell 768:776 arg1 border 778:783 the cell-cell border 764:783 the cell-cell border 764:783 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 4 29 theme E-cadherin 750:759 arg1 placement 737:745 the placement 733:745 the placement of E-cadherin 733:759 We conclude that N-glycans at the cell surface are tightly linked to the placement of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border and thereby control E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. 25379387 0 30 from border 85:90 arg1 level 37:41 the level 33:41 the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border 33:90 Cell surface N-glycans influence the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 1 31 theme cells 131:135 arg1 adhesion 119:126 adhesion 119:126 adhesion of cells to each other 119:149 E-cadherin is crucial for adhesion of cells to each other and thereby development and maintenance of tissue. 25379387 1 31 theme cells 131:135 arg1 development 163:173 development 163:173 development 163:173 E-cadherin is crucial for adhesion of cells to each other and thereby development and maintenance of tissue. 25379387 1 31 theme cells 131:135 arg1 maintenance 179:189 maintenance 179:189 maintenance 179:189 E-cadherin is crucial for adhesion of cells to each other and thereby development and maintenance of tissue. 25379387 0 32 theme E-cadherin 57:66 arg1 level 37:41 the level 33:41 the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border 33:90 Cell surface N-glycans influence the level of functional E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 25379387 2 33 theme cells 339:343 arg1 surface 309:315 the cell surface 300:315 the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells 300:343 While it is has been established that N-glycans inside the cell impact the level of E-cadherin at the cell surface of epithelial-derived cells, it is unclear whether N-glycans outside the cell control the clustering of E-cadherin at the cell-cell border. 27451231 2 0 theme C18 349:351 arg1 column 353:358 a Kromasil C18 column 338:358 a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm 338:458 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 0 1 theme degree 65:70 arg1 determination 48:60 determination 48:60 determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides 48:113 Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides. 27451231 2 2 from 245nm 454:458 arg1 derivatization 377:390 pre-column derivatization 366:390 pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 366:432 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 2 2 from 245nm 454:458 arg1 detection 441:449 UV detection 438:449 UV detection at 245nm 438:458 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 2 3 theme Kromasil 340:347 arg1 column 353:358 a Kromasil C18 column 338:358 a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm 338:458 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 6 4 theme XOS 1080:1082 arg1 analysis 1048:1055 compositional analysis 1034:1055 compositional analysis 1034:1055 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 6 4 theme XOS 1080:1082 arg1 control 1069:1075 quality control 1061:1075 quality control 1061:1075 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 1 5 dep 2 300:300 arg1 to 302:303 to 302:303 to 302:303 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 1 5 dep 2 300:300 arg1 8 305:305 8 305:305 8 305:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 6 6 dep analysis 1048:1055 arg1 the 1030:1032 the 1030:1032 the 1030:1032 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 4 7 theme 10mmol/L 744:751 arg1 acetate 762:768 10mmol/L ammonium acetate 744:768 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile 744:796 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 4 8 theme mobile 728:733 arg1 phase 735:739 a mobile phase 726:739 a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile 726:796 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 0 9 theme polymerization 75:88 arg1 degree 65:70 degree 65:70 degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides 65:113 Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides. 27451231 5 10 theme several 944:950 arg1 compounds 962:970 several uncertain compounds 944:970 several uncertain compounds 944:970 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 3 11 theme concentration 537:549 arg1 effects 465:471 The effects 461:471 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives 461:656 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 12 theme polymerization 280:293 arg1 degree 270:275 degree 270:275 degree of polymerization from 2 to 8 270:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 4 13 theme satisfactory 679:690 arg1 result 692:697 A satisfactory result 677:697 A satisfactory result 677:697 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 4 14 from 0.8mL/min 823:831 arg1 elution 812:818 a gradient elution 801:818 a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min 801:831 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 4 15 theme acetate 762:768 arg1 phase 735:739 a mobile phase 726:739 a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile 726:796 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 5 16 theme mass 905:908 arg1 LC-MS 924:928 LC-MS 924:928 LC-MS 924:928 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 5 16 theme mass 905:908 arg1 spectroscopy 910:921 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy 876:921 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis 876:938 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 1 17 theme high 172:175 arg1 separation 188:197 high resolution separation 172:197 high resolution separation 172:197 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 0 18 theme xylo-oligosaccharides 93:113 arg1 polymerization 75:88 polymerization 75:88 polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides 75:113 Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides. 27451231 3 19 theme acetonitrile 523:534 arg1 rate 587:590 flow rate 582:590 flow rate 582:590 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 19 theme acetonitrile 523:534 arg1 concentration 537:549 concentration 537:549 concentration of ammonium acetate buffer 537:576 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 19 theme acetonitrile 523:534 arg1 value 479:483 pH value 476:483 pH value of mobile phase 476:499 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 19 theme acetonitrile 523:534 arg1 proportion 509:518 volume proportion 502:518 volume proportion of acetonitrile 502:534 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 20 theme resolution 177:186 arg1 separation 188:197 high resolution separation 172:197 high resolution separation 172:197 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 3 21 theme acetate 563:569 arg1 buffer 571:576 ammonium acetate buffer 554:576 ammonium acetate buffer 554:576 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 22 theme separation 188:197 arg1 determination 220:232 high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination 172:232 high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8 172:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 1 23 from 2 300:300 arg1 degree 270:275 degree 270:275 degree of polymerization from 2 to 8 270:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 1 23 from 2 300:300 arg1 polymerization 280:293 polymerization 280:293 polymerization from 2 to 8 280:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 3 24 theme buffer 571:576 arg1 rate 587:590 flow rate 582:590 flow rate 582:590 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 24 theme buffer 571:576 arg1 concentration 537:549 concentration 537:549 concentration of ammonium acetate buffer 537:576 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 24 theme buffer 571:576 arg1 value 479:483 pH value 476:483 pH value of mobile phase 476:499 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 24 theme buffer 571:576 arg1 proportion 509:518 volume proportion 502:518 volume proportion of acetonitrile 502:534 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 2 25 theme pre-column 366:375 arg1 derivatization 377:390 pre-column derivatization 366:390 pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 366:432 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 6 26 theme quality 1061:1067 arg1 control 1069:1075 quality control 1061:1075 quality control 1061:1075 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 5 27 theme spectroscopy 910:921 arg1 analysis 931:938 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis 876:938 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis 876:938 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 1 28 theme high 203:206 arg1 sensitivity 208:218 high sensitivity 203:218 high sensitivity 203:218 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 2 29 theme UV 438:439 arg1 detection 441:449 UV detection 438:449 UV detection at 245nm 438:458 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 5 30 theme uncertain 952:960 arg1 compounds 962:970 several uncertain compounds 944:970 several uncertain compounds 944:970 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 3 31 theme separation 628:637 arg1 degree 618:623 degree 618:623 degree 618:623 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 31 theme separation 628:637 arg1 time 609:612 retention time 599:612 retention time 599:612 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 32 theme ammonium 554:561 arg1 acetate 563:569 ammonium acetate 554:569 ammonium acetate buffer 554:576 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 33 theme sensitivity 208:218 arg1 determination 220:232 high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination 172:232 high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8 172:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 0 34 theme HPLC 32:35 arg1 method 37:42 a HPLC method 30:42 a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides 30:113 Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides. 27451231 3 35 theme mobile 488:493 arg1 phase 495:499 mobile phase 488:499 mobile phase 488:499 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 36 theme rate 587:590 arg1 effects 465:471 The effects 461:471 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives 461:656 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 37 from degree 270:275 arg1 2 300:300 2 300:300 2 300:300 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 4 38 theme -acetonitrile 784:796 arg1 acetate 762:768 10mmol/L ammonium acetate 744:768 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile 744:796 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 2 39 with detection 441:449 arg1 PMP 429:431 PMP 429:431 PMP 429:431 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 2 39 with detection 441:449 arg1 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 397:426 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 397:426 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 397:432 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 3 40 theme phase 495:499 arg1 rate 587:590 flow rate 582:590 flow rate 582:590 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 40 theme phase 495:499 arg1 concentration 537:549 concentration 537:549 concentration of ammonium acetate buffer 537:576 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 40 theme phase 495:499 arg1 value 479:483 pH value 476:483 pH value of mobile phase 476:499 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 40 theme phase 495:499 arg1 proportion 509:518 volume proportion 502:518 volume proportion of acetonitrile 502:534 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 4 41 theme gradient 803:810 arg1 elution 812:818 a gradient elution 801:818 a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min 801:831 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 5 42 theme liquid 876:881 arg1 LC-MS 924:928 LC-MS 924:928 LC-MS 924:928 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 5 42 theme liquid 876:881 arg1 spectroscopy 910:921 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy 876:921 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis 876:938 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 0 43 theme method 37:42 arg1 validation 16:25 validation 16:25 validation 16:25 Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides. 27451231 0 43 theme method 37:42 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and validation of a HPLC method for determination of degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides. 27451231 3 44 theme flow 582:585 arg1 rate 587:590 flow rate 582:590 flow rate 582:590 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 45 from effects 465:471 arg1 degree 618:623 degree 618:623 degree 618:623 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 45 from effects 465:471 arg1 time 609:612 retention time 599:612 retention time 599:612 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 46 theme reliable 118:125 arg1 method 147:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method 116:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method 116:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 5 47 theme chromatography-tandem 883:903 arg1 LC-MS 924:928 LC-MS 924:928 LC-MS 924:928 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 5 47 theme chromatography-tandem 883:903 arg1 spectroscopy 910:921 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy 876:921 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis 876:938 In addition, this method was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis and several uncertain compounds were identified. 27451231 1 48 theme reversed-phase 127:140 arg1 method 147:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method 116:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method 116:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 1 49 theme xylo-oligosaccharides 237:257 arg1 determination 220:232 high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination 172:232 high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8 172:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 4 50 theme ammonium 753:760 arg1 acetate 762:768 10mmol/L ammonium acetate 744:768 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile 744:796 A satisfactory result was achieved in 25min with a mobile phase of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH5.5)-acetonitrile by a gradient elution at 0.8mL/min. 27451231 3 51 theme XOS 642:644 arg1 derivatives 646:656 XOS derivatives 642:656 XOS derivatives 642:656 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 52 theme HPLC 142:145 arg1 method 147:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method 116:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method 116:152 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 3 53 theme pH 476:477 arg1 value 479:483 pH value 476:483 pH value of mobile phase 476:499 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 54 theme derivatives 646:656 arg1 separation 628:637 separation 628:637 separation of XOS derivatives 628:656 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 6 55 theme compositional 1034:1046 arg1 analysis 1048:1055 compositional analysis 1034:1055 compositional analysis 1034:1055 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 3 56 theme volume 502:507 arg1 proportion 509:518 volume proportion 502:518 volume proportion of acetonitrile 502:534 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 3 57 theme value 479:483 arg1 effects 465:471 The effects 461:471 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives 461:656 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 6 58 theme HPLC 1002:1005 arg1 suitable 1017:1024 suitable 1017:1024 suitable 1017:1024 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 6 58 theme HPLC 1002:1005 arg1 method 1007:1012 The proposed HPLC method 989:1012 The proposed HPLC method 989:1012 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 2 59 with derivatization 377:390 arg1 PMP 429:431 PMP 429:431 PMP 429:431 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 2 59 with derivatization 377:390 arg1 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 397:426 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 397:426 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) 397:432 The method was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column using pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and UV detection at 245nm. 27451231 3 60 theme retention 599:607 arg1 time 609:612 retention time 599:612 retention time 599:612 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 1 61 with xylo-oligosaccharides 237:257 arg1 degree 270:275 degree 270:275 degree of polymerization from 2 to 8 270:305 A reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for high resolution separation and high sensitivity determination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization from 2 to 8. 27451231 3 62 theme proportion 509:518 arg1 effects 465:471 The effects 461:471 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives 461:656 The effects of pH value of mobile phase, volume proportion of acetonitrile, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and flow rate on the retention time and degree of separation of XOS derivatives were investigated. 27451231 6 63 theme proposed 993:1000 arg1 suitable 1017:1024 suitable 1017:1024 suitable 1017:1024 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 27451231 6 63 theme proposed 993:1000 arg1 method 1007:1012 The proposed HPLC method 989:1012 The proposed HPLC method 989:1012 The proposed HPLC method is suitable for the compositional analysis and quality control of XOS. 25037439 0 0 theme biorefinery 79:89 arg1 perspective 91:101 a biorefinery perspective 77:101 a biorefinery perspective 77:101 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 5 1 theme X-ray 702:706 arg1 XRD 721:723 XRD 721:723 XRD 721:723 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 5 1 theme X-ray 702:706 arg1 diffraction 708:718 X-ray diffraction 702:718 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses 702:733 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 3 2 theme chemical 465:472 arg1 analyses 486:493 detailed chemical composition analyses 456:493 detailed chemical composition analyses 456:493 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents was monitored throughout the isolation process by detailed chemical composition analyses. 25037439 5 3 theme diffraction 708:718 arg1 analyses 726:733 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses 702:733 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses 702:733 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 3 4 theme composition 474:484 arg1 analyses 486:493 detailed chemical composition analyses 456:493 detailed chemical composition analyses 456:493 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents was monitored throughout the isolation process by detailed chemical composition analyses. 25037439 1 5 theme Norway 234:239 arg1 spruce 241:246 Norway spruce 234:246 Norway spruce 234:246 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 5 6 dep value 825:829 arg1 % 846:846 greater than 80% 831:846 a final value greater than 80% for CNCs 817:855 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 1 7 from isolation 153:161 arg1 bark 226:229 the bark 222:229 the bark of Norway spruce 222:246 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 2 8 theme bark 266:269 arg1 cellulose 271:279 bark cellulose 266:279 bark cellulose 266:279 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 2 9 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 part 323:326 part 323:326 part of the "bark biorefinery" concept 323:360 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 2 9 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 upgrading 253:261 The upgrading 249:261 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, 249:318 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 1 10 theme spruce 241:246 arg1 bark 226:229 the bark 222:229 the bark of Norway spruce 222:246 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 6 11 theme fibers 1001:1006 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 11 theme fibers 1001:1006 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 12 theme CNCs 903:906 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 12 theme CNCs 903:906 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 13 theme industrial 970:979 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 13 theme industrial 970:979 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 2 14 theme biorefinery 341:351 arg1 concept 354:360 the "bark biorefinery" concept 331:360 the "bark biorefinery" concept 331:360 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 6 15 theme cellulose 991:999 arg1 fibers 1001:1006 cellulose fibers 991:1006 cellulose fibers 991:1006 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 2 16 theme bark 336:339 arg1 concept 354:360 the "bark biorefinery" concept 331:360 the "bark biorefinery" concept 331:360 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 6 17 theme bark 898:901 arg1 CNCs 903:906 the isolated bark CNCs 885:906 the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 885:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 1 18 theme fibers 176:181 arg1 isolation 153:161 the isolation 149:161 the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce 149:246 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 4 19 theme CNCs 535:538 arg1 investigation 514:526 The morphological investigation 496:526 The morphological investigation of the CNCs 496:538 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 2 20 theme value-added 284:294 arg1 CNCs 314:317 CNCs 314:317 CNCs 314:317 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 2 20 theme value-added 284:294 arg1 products 296:303 value-added products 284:303 value-added products 284:303 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 4 21 theme nm 636:637 arg1 length 620:625 an average length 609:625 an average length of 175.3 nm 609:637 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 4 21 theme nm 636:637 arg1 diameter 645:652 a diameter 643:652 a diameter of 2.8 nm 643:662 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 6 22 theme isolated 889:896 arg1 CNCs 903:906 the isolated bark CNCs 885:906 the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 885:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 1 23 theme cellulose 187:195 arg1 nanocrystals 197:208 cellulose nanocrystals 187:208 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 187:215 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 1 23 theme cellulose 187:195 arg1 CNCs 211:214 CNCs 211:214 CNCs 211:214 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 4 24 theme aspect 675:680 arg1 ratio 682:686 an aspect ratio 672:686 an aspect ratio of around 63 672:699 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 1 25 theme present 108:114 arg1 study 116:120 The present study 104:120 The present study 104:120 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 1 26 theme nanocrystals 197:208 arg1 isolation 153:161 the isolation 149:161 the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce 149:246 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 0 27 theme nanocrystals 44:55 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 0 27 theme nanocrystals 44:55 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 4 28 theme nm 661:662 arg1 length 620:625 an average length 609:625 an average length of 175.3 nm 609:637 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 4 28 theme nm 661:662 arg1 diameter 645:652 a diameter 643:652 a diameter of 2.8 nm 643:662 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 6 29 theme promising 960:968 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 29 theme promising 960:968 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 2 30 theme concept 354:360 arg1 part 323:326 part 323:326 part of the "bark biorefinery" concept 323:360 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 2 30 theme concept 354:360 arg1 upgrading 253:261 The upgrading 249:261 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, 249:318 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 0 31 theme cellulose 34:42 arg1 nanocrystals 44:55 cellulose nanocrystals 34:55 cellulose nanocrystals 34:55 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 4 32 theme morphological 500:512 arg1 investigation 514:526 The morphological investigation 496:526 The morphological investigation of the CNCs 496:538 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 6 33 theme Spruce 927:932 arg1 bark 934:937 190 °C. Spruce bark 919:937 190 °C. Spruce bark 919:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 5 34 theme successive 786:795 arg1 treatments 797:806 successive treatments 786:806 successive treatments 786:806 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 2 35 theme " 352:352 arg1 concept 354:360 the "bark biorefinery" concept 331:360 the "bark biorefinery" concept 331:360 The upgrading of bark cellulose to value-added products, such as CNCs, is part of the "bark biorefinery" concept. 25037439 0 36 theme spruce 62:67 arg1 bark 69:72 spruce bark 62:72 spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective 62:101 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 5 37 theme final 819:823 arg1 value 825:829 a final value 817:829 a final value greater than 80% for CNCs 817:855 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 0 38 from bark 69:72 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 0 38 from bark 69:72 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 0 38 from bark 69:72 arg1 perspective 91:101 a biorefinery perspective 77:101 a biorefinery perspective 77:101 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spruce bark in a biorefinery perspective. 25037439 6 39 theme CNCs 1012:1015 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 39 theme CNCs 1012:1015 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 1 40 from bark 226:229 arg1 fibers 176:181 cellulose fibers 166:181 cellulose fibers 166:181 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 1 40 from bark 226:229 arg1 nanocrystals 197:208 cellulose nanocrystals 187:208 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 187:215 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 1 40 from bark 226:229 arg1 CNCs 211:214 CNCs 211:214 CNCs 211:214 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 1 40 from bark 226:229 arg1 isolation 153:161 the isolation 149:161 the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce 149:246 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 3 41 theme detailed 456:463 arg1 analyses 486:493 detailed chemical composition analyses 456:493 detailed chemical composition analyses 456:493 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents was monitored throughout the isolation process by detailed chemical composition analyses. 25037439 3 42 theme non-cellulosic 378:391 arg1 constituents 393:404 non-cellulosic constituents 378:404 non-cellulosic constituents 378:404 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents was monitored throughout the isolation process by detailed chemical composition analyses. 25037439 3 43 theme isolation 435:443 arg1 process 445:451 the isolation process 431:451 the isolation process 431:451 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents was monitored throughout the isolation process by detailed chemical composition analyses. 25037439 3 44 theme constituents 393:404 arg1 removal 367:373 The removal 363:373 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents 363:404 The removal of non-cellulosic constituents was monitored throughout the isolation process by detailed chemical composition analyses. 25037439 4 45 theme average 612:618 arg1 length 620:625 an average length 609:625 an average length of 175.3 nm 609:637 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 6 46 theme new 956:958 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 46 theme new 956:958 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 1 47 theme first 138:142 arg1 time 144:147 the first time 134:147 the first time 134:147 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 1 48 theme cellulose 166:174 arg1 fibers 176:181 cellulose fibers 166:181 cellulose fibers 166:181 The present study reports for the first time the isolation of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the bark of Norway spruce. 25037439 4 49 theme nanocrystals 591:602 arg1 presence 579:586 the presence 575:586 the presence of nanocrystals 575:602 The morphological investigation of the CNCs was performed using AFM and showed the presence of nanocrystals with an average length of 175.3 nm and a diameter of 2.8 nm, giving an aspect ratio of around 63. 25037439 5 50 theme crystallinity 751:763 arg1 index 765:769 the crystallinity index 747:769 the crystallinity index 747:769 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallinity index increased with successive treatments to reach a final value greater than 80% for CNCs. 25037439 6 51 theme thermal 862:868 arg1 degradation 870:880 The thermal degradation 858:880 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark 858:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 51 theme thermal 862:868 arg1 source 981:986 a new promising industrial source 954:986 a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs 954:1015 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 25037439 6 52 theme °C. 923:925 arg1 bark 934:937 190 °C. Spruce bark 919:937 190 °C. Spruce bark 919:937 The thermal degradation of the isolated bark CNCs started at 190 °C. Spruce bark appeared to be a new promising industrial source of cellulose fibers and CNCs. 27649169 5 0 theme similar 784:790 arg1 fibers 823:828 the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers 756:828 fibers 823:828 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 5 1 theme glass 683:687 arg1 transition 689:698 The glass transition 679:698 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge 679:738 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 3 2 from changes 459:465 arg1 structure 479:487 internal structure 470:487 internal structure 470:487 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 3 2 from changes 459:465 arg1 alignment 497:505 CNC alignment 493:505 CNC alignment 493:505 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 6 3 theme X-ray 900:904 arg1 SAXS 918:921 SAXS 918:921 SAXS 918:921 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 3 theme X-ray 900:904 arg1 scattering 906:915 small angle X-ray scattering 888:915 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 888:922 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 5 4 theme transition 689:698 arg1 Tg 713:714 Tg 713:714 Tg 713:714 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 5 4 theme transition 689:698 arg1 temperature 700:710 The glass transition temperature 679:710 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge 679:738 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 6 5 theme filtration 835:844 arg1 analysis 846:853 Gel filtration analysis 831:853 Gel filtration analysis 831:853 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 1 6 theme recombinant 180:190 arg1 protein 204:210 recombinant spider silk protein 180:210 recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 180:252 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 4 7 theme structural 594:603 arg1 characteristics 605:619 improved thermal and structural characteristics 573:619 improved thermal and structural characteristics 573:619 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 6 8 theme Gel 831:833 arg1 analysis 846:853 Gel filtration analysis 831:853 Gel filtration analysis 831:853 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 8 9 theme spider-silk 1418:1428 arg1 nanofibers 1430:1439 spider-silk nanofibers 1418:1439 spider-silk nanofibers 1418:1439 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 6 10 theme spinning 1140:1147 arg1 process 1149:1155 the silk spinning process 1131:1155 the silk spinning process 1131:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 11 theme silk 1135:1138 arg1 process 1149:1155 the silk spinning process 1131:1155 the silk spinning process 1131:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 5 12 theme control 760:766 arg1 sponge 773:778 the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers 756:828 sponge 773:778 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 6 13 theme angle 894:898 arg1 SAXS 918:921 SAXS 918:921 SAXS 918:921 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 13 theme angle 894:898 arg1 scattering 906:915 small angle X-ray scattering 888:915 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 888:922 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 8 14 theme silk-CBD 1258:1265 arg1 assembly 1267:1274 silk-CBD assembly 1258:1274 silk-CBD assembly 1258:1274 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 6 15 theme silk 1021:1024 arg1 control 1026:1032 the recombinant silk control 1005:1032 the recombinant silk control 1005:1032 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 1 16 theme spider 192:197 arg1 protein 204:210 recombinant spider silk protein 180:210 recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 180:252 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 5 17 theme silk 768:771 arg1 sponge 773:778 the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers 756:828 sponge 773:778 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 6 18 theme small 888:892 arg1 SAXS 918:921 SAXS 918:921 SAXS 918:921 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 18 theme small 888:892 arg1 scattering 906:915 small angle X-ray scattering 888:915 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 888:922 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 5 19 theme native 795:800 arg1 dragline 802:809 native dragline 795:809 native dragline 795:809 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 6 20 theme recombinant 1009:1019 arg1 control 1026:1032 the recombinant silk control 1005:1032 the recombinant silk control 1005:1032 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 1 21 theme silk 199:202 arg1 protein 204:210 recombinant spider silk protein 180:210 recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 180:252 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 0 22 theme Silk-CBD-Cellulose 7:24 arg1 Composites 38:47 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites 0:47 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 0:71 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 27649169 1 23 theme cellulose-spider 92:107 arg1 silk 109:112 cellulose-spider silk 92:112 cellulose-spider silk 92:112 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 7 24 theme Silk-CBD 1158:1165 arg1 microfibrils 1167:1178 Silk-CBD microfibrils 1158:1178 Silk-CBD microfibrils 1158:1178 Silk-CBD microfibrils spontaneously formed in solution upon ultrasonication. 27649169 6 25 theme liquid 1052:1057 arg1 phase 1071:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase 1042:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process 1042:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 0 26 theme Spider 0:5 arg1 Composites 38:47 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites 0:47 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 0:71 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 27649169 4 27 theme improved 573:580 arg1 characteristics 605:619 improved thermal and structural characteristics 573:619 improved thermal and structural characteristics 573:619 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 2 28 theme recombinant 318:328 arg1 silk 330:333 recombinant silk 318:333 recombinant silk alone 318:339 Silk-CBD successfully binds cellulose, and unlike recombinant silk alone, silk-CBD self-assembles into microfibrils even in the absence of CNCs. 27649169 8 29 theme silk 1354:1357 arg1 monomers 1359:1366 spider silk monomers 1347:1366 spider silk monomers 1347:1366 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 8 29 theme silk 1354:1357 arg1 process 1371:1377 a process 1369:1377 a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1369:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 6 30 theme nematic 1044:1050 arg1 phase 1071:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase 1042:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process 1042:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 8 31 theme central 1303:1309 arg1 role 1311:1314 the central role 1299:1314 the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1299:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 5 32 theme silk-CBD 724:731 arg1 sponge 733:738 the silk-CBD sponge 720:738 the silk-CBD sponge 720:738 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 8 33 from CBD 1292:1294 arg1 role 1311:1314 the central role 1299:1314 the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1299:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 8 34 theme molecular 1396:1404 arg1 assembly 1406:1413 the molecular assembly 1392:1413 the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1392:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 1 35 theme silk 109:112 arg1 fabrication 77:87 The fabrication 73:87 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk 73:112 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 5 36 theme sponge 733:738 arg1 Tg 713:714 Tg 713:714 Tg 713:714 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 5 36 theme sponge 733:738 arg1 temperature 700:710 The glass transition temperature 679:710 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge 679:738 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 8 37 theme silk-CNC 1445:1452 arg1 composites 1454:1463 silk-CNC composites 1445:1463 silk-CNC composites 1445:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 6 38 theme similar 1077:1083 arg1 phase 1071:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase 1042:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process 1042:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 4 39 theme silk 665:668 arg1 sponges 670:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 3 40 theme composite 426:434 arg1 sponges 436:442 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges 413:442 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges 413:442 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 4 41 theme thermal 582:588 arg1 characteristics 605:619 improved thermal and structural characteristics 573:619 improved thermal and structural characteristics 573:619 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 6 42 theme spider 1112:1117 arg1 silk 1119:1122 native spider silk 1105:1122 native spider silk 1105:1122 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 1 43 theme cellulose 223:231 arg1 CBD 249:251 CBD 249:251 CBD 249:251 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 1 43 theme cellulose 223:231 arg1 domain 241:246 a cellulose binding domain 221:246 a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 221:252 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 2 44 theme CNCs 407:410 arg1 absence 396:402 the absence 392:402 the absence of CNCs 392:410 Silk-CBD successfully binds cellulose, and unlike recombinant silk alone, silk-CBD self-assembles into microfibrils even in the absence of CNCs. 27649169 8 45 theme essential 1379:1387 arg1 monomers 1359:1366 spider silk monomers 1347:1366 spider silk monomers 1347:1366 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 8 45 theme essential 1379:1387 arg1 process 1371:1377 a process 1369:1377 a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1369:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 1 46 theme binding 233:239 arg1 CBD 249:251 CBD 249:251 CBD 249:251 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 1 46 theme binding 233:239 arg1 domain 241:246 a cellulose binding domain 221:246 a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 221:252 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 0 47 theme Assembly 63:70 arg1 Mechanism 50:58 Mechanism 50:58 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 0:71 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 27649169 6 48 theme electron 946:953 arg1 TEM 967:969 TEM 967:969 TEM 967:969 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 48 theme electron 946:953 arg1 microscopy 955:964 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 928:964 cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 928:970 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 5 49 theme silk 818:821 arg1 fibers 823:828 the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers 756:828 fibers 823:828 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 8 50 theme composites 1454:1463 arg1 assembly 1406:1413 the molecular assembly 1392:1413 the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1392:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 4 51 dep sponges 670:676 arg1 comparison 624:633 comparison 624:633 comparison 624:633 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 8 52 theme monomers 1359:1366 arg1 dimerization 1331:1342 the dimerization 1327:1342 the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1327:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 3 53 theme related 507:513 arg1 changes 459:465 changes 459:465 changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD 459:541 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 3 54 theme Silk-CBD-CNC 413:424 arg1 sponges 436:442 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges 413:442 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges 413:442 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 6 55 theme cryo-transmission 928:944 arg1 TEM 967:969 TEM 967:969 TEM 967:969 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 55 theme cryo-transmission 928:944 arg1 microscopy 955:964 cryo-transmission electron microscopy 928:964 cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 928:970 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 56 theme light 864:868 arg1 DLS 882:884 DLS 882:884 DLS 882:884 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 56 theme light 864:868 arg1 scattering 870:879 dynamic light scattering 856:879 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 856:885 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 57 dep that 1088:1091 arg1 observed 1093:1100 observed 1093:1100 observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process 1093:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 1 58 theme cellulose 146:154 arg1 nanocrystals 156:167 cellulose nanocrystals 146:167 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 146:174 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 1 58 theme cellulose 146:154 arg1 CNCs 170:173 CNCs 170:173 CNCs 170:173 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 4 59 theme silk-CBD 548:555 arg1 sponges 557:563 The silk-CBD sponges 544:563 The silk-CBD sponges 544:563 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 6 60 theme dynamic 856:862 arg1 DLS 882:884 DLS 882:884 DLS 882:884 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 6 60 theme dynamic 856:862 arg1 scattering 870:879 dynamic light scattering 856:879 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 856:885 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 0 61 dep Composites 38:47 arg1 Mechanism 50:58 Mechanism 50:58 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 0:71 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 27649169 3 62 theme CNC 493:495 arg1 alignment 497:505 CNC alignment 493:505 CNC alignment 493:505 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 4 63 theme control 638:644 arg1 sponges 670:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 8 64 theme spider 1347:1352 arg1 silk 1354:1357 spider silk 1347:1357 spider silk monomers 1347:1366 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 6 65 theme native 1105:1110 arg1 silk 1119:1122 native spider silk 1105:1122 native spider silk 1105:1122 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 3 66 theme internal 470:477 arg1 structure 479:487 internal structure 470:487 internal structure 470:487 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 8 67 theme nanofibers 1430:1439 arg1 assembly 1406:1413 the molecular assembly 1392:1413 the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites 1392:1463 We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 27649169 1 68 dep bio-nanocomposites 114:131 arg1 comprised 133:141 comprised 133:141 bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 114:174 The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. 27649169 6 69 theme crystalline 1059:1069 arg1 phase 1071:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase 1042:1075 a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process 1042:1155 Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. 27649169 4 70 theme spider 658:663 arg1 sponges 670:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 27649169 5 71 theme spider 811:816 arg1 fibers 823:828 the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers 756:828 fibers 823:828 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. 27649169 0 72 theme Nanocrystal 26:36 arg1 Composites 38:47 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites 0:47 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 0:71 Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. 27649169 3 73 theme silk-CBD 534:541 arg1 addition 522:529 the addition 518:529 the addition of silk-CBD 518:541 Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. 27649169 4 74 theme recombinant 646:656 arg1 sponges 670:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 control recombinant spider silk sponges 638:676 The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. 25917746 7 0 theme reinforcing 1030:1040 arg1 hydrogels 1042:1050 reinforcing hydrogels 1030:1050 reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres 1030:1078 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 7 1 theme current 1010:1016 arg1 approach 1018:1025 The current approach 1006:1025 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres 1006:1078 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 2 2 with hydrogels 303:311 arg1 networks 361:368 highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks 318:368 highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing 318:444 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 2 3 theme soft 298:301 arg1 hydrogels 303:311 soft hydrogels 298:311 soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing 298:444 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 5 4 theme articular 776:784 arg1 tissue 796:801 articular cartilage tissue 776:801 articular cartilage tissue 776:801 The stiffness and elasticity of the composites approach that of articular cartilage tissue. 25917746 6 5 from composites 839:848 arg1 embedded 823:830 embedded 823:830 embedded 823:830 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 1 6 theme intensive 82:90 arg1 research 92:99 intensive research 82:99 intensive research 82:99 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 5 7 theme cartilage 786:794 arg1 tissue 796:801 articular cartilage tissue 776:801 articular cartilage tissue 776:801 The stiffness and elasticity of the composites approach that of articular cartilage tissue. 25917746 6 8 theme loading 940:946 arg1 regime 948:953 an in vitro physiological loading regime 914:953 an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production 914:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 3 9 dep synergistically 515:529 arg1 54-fold 538:544 54-fold 538:544 54-fold 538:544 We show that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increases synergistically (up to 54-fold), compared with hydrogels or microfibre scaffolds alone. 25917746 6 10 theme physiological 926:938 arg1 regime 948:953 an in vitro physiological loading regime 914:953 an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production 914:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 4 11 theme numerous 692:699 arg1 hydrogels 701:709 numerous hydrogels 692:709 numerous hydrogels 692:709 Modelling affirms that reinforcement with defined microscale structures is applicable to numerous hydrogels. 25917746 7 12 theme mechanical 1151:1160 arg1 compatibility 1162:1174 biological and mechanical compatibility 1136:1174 biological and mechanical compatibility 1136:1174 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 2 13 theme organized 325:333 arg1 networks 361:368 highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks 318:368 highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing 318:444 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 7 14 theme tissue 1113:1118 arg1 constructs 1120:1129 tissue constructs 1113:1129 tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility 1113:1174 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 1 15 theme mechanical 203:212 arg1 requirements 242:253 the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements 199:253 the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes 199:277 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 7 16 theme biological 1136:1145 arg1 compatibility 1162:1174 biological and mechanical compatibility 1136:1174 biological and mechanical compatibility 1136:1174 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 1 17 from repair 143:148 arg1 system 173:178 the musculoskeletal system 153:178 the musculoskeletal system 153:178 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 3 18 dep 54-fold 538:544 arg1 to 535:536 to 535:536 to 535:536 We show that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increases synergistically (up to 54-fold), compared with hydrogels or microfibre scaffolds alone. 25917746 7 19 with constructs 1120:1129 arg1 compatibility 1162:1174 biological and mechanical compatibility 1136:1174 biological and mechanical compatibility 1136:1174 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 0 20 theme hydrogels 17:25 arg1 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres. 0:72 Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres. 25917746 5 21 theme composites 748:757 arg1 elasticity 730:739 elasticity 730:739 elasticity 730:739 The stiffness and elasticity of the composites approach that of articular cartilage tissue. 25917746 5 21 theme composites 748:757 arg1 stiffness 716:724 stiffness 716:724 stiffness 716:724 The stiffness and elasticity of the composites approach that of articular cartilage tissue. 25917746 6 22 theme in 917:918 arg1 regime 948:953 an in vitro physiological loading regime 914:953 an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production 914:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 3 23 theme gel/scaffold 481:492 arg1 composites 494:503 the gel/scaffold composites 477:503 the gel/scaffold composites 477:503 We show that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increases synergistically (up to 54-fold), compared with hydrogels or microfibre scaffolds alone. 25917746 0 24 theme printed 53:59 arg1 microfibres 61:71 three-dimensionally printed microfibres 33:71 three-dimensionally printed microfibres 33:71 Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres. 25917746 2 25 theme electrospinning 422:436 arg1 writing 438:444 melt electrospinning writing 417:444 melt electrospinning writing 417:444 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 0 26 theme three-dimensionally 33:51 arg1 microfibres 61:71 three-dimensionally printed microfibres 33:71 three-dimensionally printed microfibres 33:71 Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres. 25917746 6 27 theme production 994:1003 arg1 terms 958:962 terms 958:962 terms of gene expression and matrix production 958:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 1 28 theme successful 259:268 arg1 outcomes 270:277 successful outcomes 259:277 successful outcomes 259:277 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 7 29 with hydrogels 1042:1050 arg1 microfibres 1068:1078 3D-printed microfibres 1057:1078 3D-printed microfibres 1057:1078 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 6 30 theme embedded 823:830 arg1 chondrocytes 810:821 Human chondrocytes 804:821 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites 804:848 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 2 31 theme melt 417:420 arg1 writing 438:444 melt electrospinning writing 417:444 melt electrospinning writing 417:444 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 6 32 theme matrix 987:992 arg1 production 994:1003 matrix production 987:1003 matrix production 987:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 7 33 theme 3D-printed 1057:1066 arg1 microfibres 1068:1078 3D-printed microfibres 1057:1078 3D-printed microfibres 1057:1078 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 1 34 theme tissue 136:141 arg1 repair 143:148 tissue repair 136:148 tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system 136:178 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 6 35 dep in 917:918 arg1 vitro 920:924 vitro 920:924 vitro 920:924 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 3 36 theme composites 494:503 arg1 stiffness 464:472 the stiffness 460:472 the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites 460:503 We show that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increases synergistically (up to 54-fold), compared with hydrogels or microfibre scaffolds alone. 25917746 4 37 with reinforcement 626:638 arg1 structures 664:673 defined microscale structures 645:673 defined microscale structures 645:673 Modelling affirms that reinforcement with defined microscale structures is applicable to numerous hydrogels. 25917746 6 38 theme Human 804:808 arg1 chondrocytes 810:821 Human chondrocytes 804:821 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites 804:848 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 2 39 theme microfibre 350:359 arg1 networks 361:368 highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks 318:368 highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing 318:444 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 6 40 theme expression 972:981 arg1 terms 958:962 terms 958:962 terms of gene expression and matrix production 958:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 6 41 from embedded 823:830 arg1 composites 839:848 the composites 835:848 the composites 835:848 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 6 42 from regime 948:953 arg1 terms 958:962 terms 958:962 terms of gene expression and matrix production 958:1003 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 2 43 dep organized 325:333 arg1 high-porosity 336:348 high-porosity 336:348 high-porosity 336:348 Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. 25917746 1 44 theme available 122:130 arg1 hydrogels 102:110 hydrogels 102:110 hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system 102:178 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 7 45 theme hydrogels 1042:1050 arg1 approach 1018:1025 The current approach 1006:1025 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres 1006:1078 The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility. 25917746 3 46 dep hydrogels 562:570 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 scaffolds 586:594 scaffolds 586:594 We show that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increases synergistically (up to 54-fold), compared with hydrogels or microfibre scaffolds alone. 25917746 1 47 theme biological 230:239 arg1 requirements 242:253 the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements 199:253 the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes 199:277 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 6 48 theme round 875:879 arg1 morphology 881:890 their round morphology 869:890 their round morphology 869:890 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 1 49 theme musculoskeletal 157:171 arg1 system 173:178 the musculoskeletal system 153:178 the musculoskeletal system 153:178 Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. 25917746 4 50 theme microscale 653:662 arg1 structures 664:673 defined microscale structures 645:673 defined microscale structures 645:673 Modelling affirms that reinforcement with defined microscale structures is applicable to numerous hydrogels. 25917746 6 51 theme gene 967:970 arg1 expression 972:981 gene expression 967:981 gene expression 967:981 Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. 25917746 4 52 theme defined 645:651 arg1 structures 664:673 defined microscale structures 645:673 defined microscale structures 645:673 Modelling affirms that reinforcement with defined microscale structures is applicable to numerous hydrogels. 28984086 5 0 theme sorbitol/mannitol 665:681 arg1 ratio 683:687 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio 657:687 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio 657:687 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 1 1 theme sugar 151:155 arg1 alcohols 157:164 sugar alcohols 151:164 sugar alcohols 151:164 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 6 2 theme alginic 906:912 arg1 acid 914:917 alginic acid 906:917 alginic acid 906:917 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 6 3 from acid 914:917 arg1 alcohols 892:899 producing sugar alcohols 876:899 producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid 876:917 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 2 4 theme epimeric 336:343 arg1 acids 352:356 two epimeric uronic acids 332:356 two epimeric uronic acids 332:356 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 5 theme hydrogenation 283:295 arg1 sorbitol 234:241 sorbitol 234:241 sorbitol 234:241 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 5 theme hydrogenation 283:295 arg1 Mannitol 221:228 Mannitol 221:228 Mannitol 221:228 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 5 theme hydrogenation 283:295 arg1 products 257:264 the major products 247:264 the major products 247:264 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 6 theme catalytic 273:281 arg1 hydrogenation 283:295 the catalytic hydrogenation 269:295 the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid 269:311 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 7 theme uronic 345:350 arg1 acids 352:356 two epimeric uronic acids 332:356 two epimeric uronic acids 332:356 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 4 8 theme highest 563:569 arg1 % 604:604 61 % 601:604 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %) 601:654 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 4 8 theme highest 563:569 arg1 yield 571:575 The highest yield 559:575 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols 559:596 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 6 9 theme biomass 960:966 arg1 resources 968:976 biomass resources 960:976 biomass resources 960:976 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 1 10 theme Alginic 80:86 arg1 acid 88:91 Alginic acid 80:91 Alginic acid 80:91 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 1 10 theme Alginic 80:86 arg1 constituent 102:112 a major constituent 94:112 a major constituent of macroalgae 94:126 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 5 11 theme alginic 770:776 arg1 acid 778:781 alginic acid 770:781 alginic acid 770:781 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 3 12 theme aldehyde 426:433 arg1 ends 448:451 the aldehyde and carboxyl ends 422:451 ends 448:451 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 6 13 theme sugar 886:890 arg1 alcohols 892:899 producing sugar alcohols 876:899 producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid 876:917 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 3 14 theme consecutive 392:402 arg1 pathway 377:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 3 14 theme consecutive 392:402 arg1 hydrogenations 404:417 the consecutive hydrogenations 388:417 the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers 388:474 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 3 15 theme C-O-C 509:513 arg1 linkage 515:521 the C-O-C linkage 505:521 the C-O-C linkage 505:521 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 1 16 theme carbon-supported 171:186 arg1 metals 194:199 carbon-supported noble metals 171:199 carbon-supported noble metals for the first time 171:218 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 3 17 theme reaction 368:375 arg1 pathway 377:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 3 17 theme reaction 368:375 arg1 hydrogenations 404:417 the consecutive hydrogenations 388:417 the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers 388:474 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 1 18 theme noble 188:192 arg1 metals 194:199 carbon-supported noble metals 171:199 carbon-supported noble metals for the first time 171:218 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 0 19 theme Catalytic 0:8 arg1 Hydrogenation 10:22 Catalytic Hydrogenation 0:22 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols 0:77 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols. 28984086 6 20 theme producing 876:884 arg1 alcohols 892:899 producing sugar alcohols 876:899 producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid 876:917 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 2 21 theme acid 308:311 arg1 hydrogenation 283:295 the catalytic hydrogenation 269:295 the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid 269:311 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 5 22 theme acid 778:781 arg1 composition 755:765 the composition 751:765 the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols 751:822 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 0 23 theme Macroalgae-Derived 27:44 arg1 Acid 54:57 Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid 27:57 Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid 27:57 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols. 28984086 5 24 theme catalytic 834:842 arg1 system 844:849 the catalytic system 830:849 the catalytic system 830:849 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 2 25 theme alginic 300:306 arg1 acid 308:311 alginic acid 300:311 alginic acid 300:311 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 3 26 theme main 363:366 arg1 pathway 377:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 3 26 theme main 363:366 arg1 hydrogenations 404:417 the consecutive hydrogenations 388:417 the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers 388:474 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 5 27 theme sugar 809:813 arg1 alcohols 815:822 sugar alcohols 809:822 sugar alcohols 809:822 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 3 28 theme alginic 456:462 arg1 dimers 469:474 alginic acid dimers 456:474 alginic acid dimers 456:474 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 0 29 theme Acid 54:57 arg1 Hydrogenation 10:22 Catalytic Hydrogenation 0:22 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols 0:77 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols. 28984086 6 30 theme green 861:865 arg1 route 867:871 This new green route 852:871 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid 852:917 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 3 31 theme carboxyl 439:446 arg1 ends 448:451 the aldehyde and carboxyl ends 422:451 ends 448:451 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 1 32 theme first 209:213 arg1 time 215:218 the first time 205:218 the first time 205:218 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 0 33 theme Alginic 46:52 arg1 Acid 54:57 Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid 27:57 Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid 27:57 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols. 28984086 6 34 theme new 857:859 arg1 route 867:871 This new green route 852:871 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid 852:917 This new green route to producing sugar alcohols from alginic acid might provide opportunities to diversify biomass resources. 28984086 4 35 dep % 604:604 arg1 % 620:620 sorbitol: 29 % 607:620 sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 % 607:653 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 3 36 theme ends 448:451 arg1 pathway 377:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway 359:383 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 3 36 theme ends 448:451 arg1 hydrogenations 404:417 the consecutive hydrogenations 388:417 the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers 388:474 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 0 37 theme Sugar 64:68 arg1 Alcohols 70:77 Sugar Alcohols 64:77 Sugar Alcohols 64:77 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-Derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols. 28984086 3 38 theme monomeric 528:536 arg1 units 538:542 monomeric units 528:542 monomeric units 528:542 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 5 39 theme cellulose 717:725 arg1 hydrogenation 727:739 cellulose hydrogenation 717:739 cellulose hydrogenation 717:739 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 1 40 theme macroalgae 117:126 arg1 iss 129:131 iss 129:131 iss 129:131 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 1 40 theme macroalgae 117:126 arg1 acid 88:91 Alginic acid 80:91 Alginic acid 80:91 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 1 40 theme macroalgae 117:126 arg1 constituent 102:112 a major constituent 94:112 a major constituent of macroalgae 94:126 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 4 41 dep % 620:620 arg1 galactitol 639:648 galactitol 639:648 sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 % 607:653 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 4 41 dep % 620:620 arg1 mannitol 623:630 mannitol 623:630 sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 % 607:653 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 4 41 dep % 620:620 arg1 % 636:636 28 % 633:636 sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 % 607:653 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 4 41 dep % 620:620 arg1 % 653:653 4 % 651:653 sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 % 607:653 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 3 42 theme acid 464:467 arg1 dimers 469:474 alginic acid dimers 456:474 alginic acid dimers 456:474 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 1 43 theme major 96:100 arg1 iss 129:131 iss 129:131 iss 129:131 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 1 43 theme major 96:100 arg1 acid 88:91 Alginic acid 80:91 Alginic acid 80:91 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 1 43 theme major 96:100 arg1 constituent 102:112 a major constituent 94:112 a major constituent of macroalgae 94:126 Alginic acid, a major constituent of macroalgae, iss hydrogenated into sugar alcohols over carbon-supported noble metals for the first time. 28984086 4 44 theme C6 580:581 arg1 alcohols 589:596 C6 sugar alcohols 580:596 C6 sugar alcohols 580:596 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 2 45 theme major 251:255 arg1 sorbitol 234:241 sorbitol 234:241 sorbitol 234:241 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 45 theme major 251:255 arg1 Mannitol 221:228 Mannitol 221:228 Mannitol 221:228 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 2 45 theme major 251:255 arg1 products 257:264 the major products 247:264 the major products 247:264 Mannitol and sorbitol are the major products of the catalytic hydrogenation of alginic acid, which consists of two epimeric uronic acids. 28984086 3 46 theme dimers 469:474 arg1 ends 448:451 the aldehyde and carboxyl ends 422:451 ends 448:451 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 4 47 theme sorbitol 607:614 arg1 % 620:620 sorbitol: 29 % 607:620 sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 % 607:653 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 4 48 theme alcohols 589:596 arg1 % 604:604 61 % 601:604 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %) 601:654 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 4 48 theme alcohols 589:596 arg1 yield 571:575 The highest yield 559:575 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols 559:596 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 28984086 5 49 theme low 661:663 arg1 ratio 683:687 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio 657:687 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio 657:687 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 3 50 theme linkage 515:521 arg1 cleavage 493:500 the cleavage 489:500 the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage 489:521 The main reaction pathway is the consecutive hydrogenations of the aldehyde and carboxyl ends of alginic acid dimers, followed by the cleavage of the C-O-C linkage into monomeric units by hydrolysis. 28984086 5 51 theme isomerization 787:799 arg1 composition 755:765 the composition 751:765 the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols 751:822 The low sorbitol/mannitol ratio is in contrast to that from cellulose hydrogenation, owing to the composition of alginic acid and isomerization between sugar alcohols under the catalytic system. 28984086 4 52 theme sugar 583:587 arg1 alcohols 589:596 C6 sugar alcohols 580:596 C6 sugar alcohols 580:596 The highest yield of C6 sugar alcohols is 61 % (sorbitol: 29 %; mannitol: 28 %; galactitol: 4 %). 26505013 5 0 theme demand 845:850 arg1 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 0 theme demand 845:850 arg1 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 0 theme demand 845:850 arg1 levels 789:794 The levels 785:794 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater 785:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 0 1 theme Wastewater 82:91 arg1 Treatment 93:101 Wastewater Treatment 82:101 Wastewater Treatment 82:101 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 0 2 from Properties 14:23 arg1 Treatment 93:101 Wastewater Treatment 82:101 Wastewater Treatment 82:101 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 5 3 theme raw 958:960 arg1 wastewater 962:971 the raw wastewater 954:971 the raw wastewater 954:971 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 1 4 theme various 160:166 arg1 morphologies 168:179 various morphologies 160:179 various morphologies 160:179 In this study, the antibacterial activities of ZnO with various morphologies were evaluated. 26505013 6 5 theme processing 1123:1132 arg1 treatment 1145:1153 food processing wastewater treatment 1118:1153 food processing wastewater treatment 1118:1153 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 2 6 theme microscopic 293:303 arg1 studies 305:311 the microscopic studies 289:311 the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO 289:370 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 4 7 theme soy 724:726 arg1 wastewater 734:743 soy sauce wastewater 724:743 soy sauce wastewater 724:743 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 4 8 theme attached 597:604 arg1 biomass 620:626 The attached and suspended biomass 593:626 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater 593:644 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 3 9 theme ZnO/calcium 563:573 arg1 carrier 584:590 ZnO/calcium alginate carrier 563:590 ZnO/calcium alginate carrier 563:590 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 5 10 theme SO4 860:862 arg1 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 10 theme SO4 860:862 arg1 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 10 theme SO4 860:862 arg1 levels 789:794 The levels 785:794 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater 785:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 11 from levels 789:794 arg1 wastewater 897:906 the treated MSG wastewater 881:906 the treated MSG wastewater 881:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 12 theme chemical 799:806 arg1 COD 822:824 COD 822:824 COD 822:824 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 12 theme chemical 799:806 arg1 demand 814:819 chemical oxide demand 799:819 chemical oxide demand (COD) 799:825 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 4 13 theme MSG 631:633 arg1 wastewater 635:644 MSG wastewater 631:644 MSG wastewater 631:644 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 6 14 theme alginate 991:998 arg1 method 1008:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 6 14 theme alginate 991:998 arg1 alternative 1039:1049 an alternative 1036:1049 an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1036:1094 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 1 15 with activities 137:146 arg1 morphologies 168:179 various morphologies 160:179 various morphologies 160:179 In this study, the antibacterial activities of ZnO with various morphologies were evaluated. 26505013 0 16 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 Properties 14:23 Antibacterial Properties 0:23 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite 0:57 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 6 17 theme carrier 1000:1006 arg1 method 1008:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 6 17 theme carrier 1000:1006 arg1 alternative 1039:1049 an alternative 1036:1049 an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1036:1094 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 6 18 theme ZnO/calcium 979:989 arg1 method 1008:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 6 18 theme ZnO/calcium 979:989 arg1 alternative 1039:1049 an alternative 1036:1049 an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1036:1094 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 2 19 theme permeable 445:453 arg1 membrane 455:462 semi permeable membrane 440:462 semi permeable membrane 440:462 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 6 20 theme anaerobic/aerobic 1070:1086 arg1 methods 1088:1094 the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1054:1094 the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1054:1094 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 2 21 theme interaction 320:330 arg1 studies 305:311 the microscopic studies 289:311 the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO 289:370 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 2 22 theme semi 440:443 arg1 membrane 455:462 semi permeable membrane 440:462 semi permeable membrane 440:462 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 3 23 theme alginate 575:582 arg1 carrier 584:590 ZnO/calcium alginate carrier 563:590 ZnO/calcium alginate carrier 563:590 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 5 24 dep distinctive 913:923 arg1 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 24 dep distinctive 913:923 arg1 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 24 dep distinctive 913:923 arg1 levels 789:794 The levels 785:794 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater 785:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 0 25 theme ZnO/Calcium 28:38 arg1 Composite 49:57 ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite 28:57 ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite 28:57 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 4 26 from biomass 713:719 arg1 wastewater 734:743 soy sauce wastewater 724:743 soy sauce wastewater 724:743 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 4 27 theme sauce 728:732 arg1 wastewater 734:743 soy sauce wastewater 724:743 soy sauce wastewater 724:743 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 2 28 theme ZnO 421:423 arg1 activity 409:416 the antibacterial activity 391:416 the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane 391:462 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 6 29 theme traditional 1058:1068 arg1 methods 1088:1094 the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1054:1094 the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1054:1094 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 3 30 theme soy 507:509 arg1 wastewater 517:526 soy sauce wastewater 507:526 soy sauce wastewater 507:526 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 3 31 theme glutamate 476:484 arg1 wastewater 492:501 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater 465:501 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater 465:501 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 0 32 theme Composite 49:57 arg1 Application 67:77 Its Application 63:77 Its Application in Wastewater Treatment 63:101 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 0 32 theme Composite 49:57 arg1 Properties 14:23 Antibacterial Properties 0:23 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite 0:57 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 2 33 theme dumbbell 249:256 arg1 activities 235:244 antibacterial activities 221:244 antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO 221:265 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 5 34 theme oxide 808:812 arg1 COD 822:824 COD 822:824 COD 822:824 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 34 theme oxide 808:812 arg1 demand 814:819 chemical oxide demand 799:819 chemical oxide demand (COD) 799:825 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 0 35 theme Alginate 40:47 arg1 Composite 49:57 ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite 28:57 ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite 28:57 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 2 36 theme antibacterial 395:407 arg1 activity 409:416 the antibacterial activity 391:416 the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane 391:462 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 5 37 theme biological 828:837 arg1 demand 845:850 biological oxide demand 828:850 biological oxide demand (BOD5) 828:857 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 37 theme biological 828:837 arg1 BOD5 853:856 BOD5 853:856 BOD5 853:856 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 0 38 from Application 67:77 arg1 Treatment 93:101 Wastewater Treatment 82:101 Wastewater Treatment 82:101 Antibacterial Properties of ZnO/Calcium Alginate Composite and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. 26505013 2 39 theme activities 235:244 arg1 mechanism 208:216 A possible mechanism 197:216 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO 197:265 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 4 40 theme attached 690:697 arg1 biomass 713:719 the attached and suspended biomass 686:719 the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater 686:743 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 4 40 theme attached 690:697 arg1 mg/g 753:756 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g 749:768 mg/g 753:756 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 2 41 theme antibacterial 221:233 arg1 activities 235:244 antibacterial activities 221:244 antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO 221:265 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 6 42 theme treatment 1145:1153 arg1 application 1103:1113 the application 1099:1113 the application of food processing wastewater treatment 1099:1153 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 6 43 theme wastewater 1134:1143 arg1 treatment 1145:1153 food processing wastewater treatment 1118:1153 food processing wastewater treatment 1118:1153 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 5 44 theme MSG 893:895 arg1 wastewater 897:906 the treated MSG wastewater 881:906 the treated MSG wastewater 881:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 1 45 theme antibacterial 123:135 arg1 activities 137:146 the antibacterial activities 119:146 the antibacterial activities of ZnO with various morphologies 119:179 In this study, the antibacterial activities of ZnO with various morphologies were evaluated. 26505013 4 46 theme suspended 610:618 arg1 biomass 620:626 The attached and suspended biomass 593:626 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater 593:644 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 5 47 theme treated 885:891 arg1 wastewater 897:906 the treated MSG wastewater 881:906 the treated MSG wastewater 881:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 2 48 theme possible 199:206 arg1 mechanism 208:216 A possible mechanism 197:216 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO 197:265 A possible mechanism of antibacterial activities of dumbbell like ZnO was proposed based on the microscopic studies of the interaction between bacterial and dumbbell like ZnO, and also based on the antibacterial activity of ZnO enveloped with semi permeable membrane. 26505013 5 49 theme NH3-N 872:876 arg1 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 49 theme NH3-N 872:876 arg1 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 49 theme NH3-N 872:876 arg1 levels 789:794 The levels 785:794 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater 785:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 6 50 used utilized 1024:1031 arg2 alternative 1039:1049 an alternative 1036:1049 an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods 1036:1094 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 6 50 used utilized 1024:1031 arg2 method 1008:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method 974:1013 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 5 51 theme oxide 839:843 arg1 demand 845:850 biological oxide demand 828:850 biological oxide demand (BOD5) 828:857 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 51 theme oxide 839:843 arg1 BOD5 853:856 BOD5 853:856 BOD5 853:856 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 4 52 theme suspended 703:711 arg1 biomass 713:719 the attached and suspended biomass 686:719 the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater 686:743 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 4 52 theme suspended 703:711 arg1 mg/g 753:756 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g 749:768 mg/g 753:756 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 5 53 theme demand 814:819 arg1 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 distinctive 913:923 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 53 theme demand 814:819 arg1 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 lower 925:929 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 53 theme demand 814:819 arg1 levels 789:794 The levels 785:794 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater 785:906 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 6 54 theme food 1118:1121 arg1 treatment 1145:1153 food processing wastewater treatment 1118:1153 food processing wastewater treatment 1118:1153 This ZnO/calcium alginate carrier method could be utilized as an alternative to the traditional anaerobic/aerobic methods in the application of food processing wastewater treatment. 26505013 3 55 theme Monosodium 465:474 arg1 MSG 487:489 MSG 487:489 MSG 487:489 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 3 55 theme Monosodium 465:474 arg1 glutamate 476:484 Monosodium glutamate 465:484 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater 465:501 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 3 56 theme sauce 511:515 arg1 wastewater 517:526 soy sauce wastewater 507:526 soy sauce wastewater 507:526 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater and soy sauce wastewater were treated by M. purpureus using ZnO/calcium alginate carrier. 26505013 5 57 located detected 942:949 arg1 wastewater 962:971 the raw wastewater 954:971 the raw wastewater 954:971 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 5 57 located detected 942:949 arg2 those 936:940 those 936:940 those 936:940 The levels of chemical oxide demand (COD), biological oxide demand (BOD5), SO4(2-) and NH3-N in the treated MSG wastewater were distinctive lower than those detected in the raw wastewater. 26505013 4 58 from biomass 620:626 arg1 wastewater 635:644 MSG wastewater 631:644 MSG wastewater 631:644 The attached and suspended biomass in MSG wastewater reached to 228 mg/g and 74 mg/g, while, the attached and suspended biomass in soy sauce wastewater was 130 mg/g and 66 mg/g, respectively. 26505013 1 59 theme ZnO 151:153 arg1 activities 137:146 the antibacterial activities 119:146 the antibacterial activities of ZnO with various morphologies 119:179 In this study, the antibacterial activities of ZnO with various morphologies were evaluated. 28115226 5 0 dep repaglinide 833:843 arg1 2mg 863:865 Prandin® tablets 2mg 846:865 Prandin® tablets 2mg 846:865 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 9 1 theme DSC 1186:1188 arg1 results 1190:1196 The XRD and DSC results 1174:1196 The XRD and DSC results 1174:1196 The XRD and DSC results suggest partial molecular dispersion and amorphization of the drug throughout the system. 28115226 12 2 theme drug 1566:1569 arg1 efficiency 1582:1591 drug entrapment efficiency 1566:1591 drug entrapment efficiency 1566:1591 In conclusion, the developed beads could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, prolong the drug release and enhance bioavailability for better control of diabetes. 28115226 5 3 theme marketed 801:808 arg1 tablet 823:828 a marketed conventional tablet 799:828 a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) 799:880 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 10 4 theme cross-linking 1418:1430 arg1 reaction 1432:1439 the cross-linking reaction 1414:1439 the cross-linking reaction 1414:1439 These results suggest that repaglinide did not dissolve completely in the polymer composition and seems not to be involved in the cross-linking reaction. 28115226 2 5 theme adverse 352:358 arg1 effects 360:366 its adverse effects 348:366 its adverse effects 348:366 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 5 6 dep procedure 909:917 arg1 followed 922:929 followed 922:929 followed for beads 922:939 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 4 7 theme percentage 618:627 arg1 efficiency 645:654 percentage drug entrapment efficiency 618:654 percentage drug entrapment efficiency 618:654 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 11 8 theme percent 1446:1452 arg1 release 1459:1465 The percent drug release 1442:1465 The percent drug release 1442:1465 The percent drug release was decreased with higher polymer concentrations. 28115226 9 9 theme partial 1206:1212 arg1 dispersion 1224:1233 partial molecular dispersion 1206:1233 partial molecular dispersion 1206:1233 The XRD and DSC results suggest partial molecular dispersion and amorphization of the drug throughout the system. 28115226 12 10 theme entrapment 1571:1580 arg1 efficiency 1582:1591 drug entrapment efficiency 1566:1591 drug entrapment efficiency 1566:1591 In conclusion, the developed beads could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, prolong the drug release and enhance bioavailability for better control of diabetes. 28115226 4 11 theme electron 728:735 arg1 microscope 737:746 scanning electron microscope 719:746 scanning electron microscope 719:746 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 3 12 theme dual 512:515 arg1 cross-linking 517:529 dual cross-linking 512:529 dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release 512:567 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 9 13 theme molecular 1214:1222 arg1 dispersion 1224:1233 partial molecular dispersion 1206:1233 partial molecular dispersion 1206:1233 The XRD and DSC results suggest partial molecular dispersion and amorphization of the drug throughout the system. 28115226 3 14 theme drug 556:559 arg1 release 561:567 drug release 556:567 drug release 556:567 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 1 15 theme short 171:175 arg1 half-life 177:185 short half-life 171:185 short half-life of approximately 1h 171:205 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 16 theme action 160:165 arg1 half-life 177:185 short half-life 171:185 short half-life of approximately 1h 171:205 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 16 theme action 160:165 arg1 onset 151:155 a rapid onset 143:155 a rapid onset of action 143:165 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 5 17 theme release 780:786 arg1 profile 788:794 the release profile 776:794 the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) 776:880 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 5 18 theme conventional 810:821 arg1 tablet 823:828 a marketed conventional tablet 799:828 a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) 799:880 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 3 19 theme release 561:567 arg1 control 545:551 effective control 535:551 effective control of drug release 535:567 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 11 20 theme drug 1454:1457 arg1 release 1459:1465 The percent drug release 1442:1465 The percent drug release 1442:1465 The percent drug release was decreased with higher polymer concentrations. 28115226 3 21 theme present 399:405 arg1 study 407:411 The present study 395:411 The present study 395:411 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 8 22 theme FTIR 1087:1090 arg1 results 1092:1098 The FTIR results 1083:1098 The FTIR results 1083:1098 The FTIR results suggest that there was no interaction between repaglinide and excipients. 28115226 3 23 theme release 441:447 arg1 repaglinide 449:459 controlled release repaglinide 430:459 controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release 430:567 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 12 24 theme better 1651:1656 arg1 control 1658:1664 better control 1651:1664 better control of diabetes 1651:1676 In conclusion, the developed beads could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, prolong the drug release and enhance bioavailability for better control of diabetes. 28115226 2 25 theme plasma 310:315 arg1 concentration 317:329 its therapeutic plasma concentration 294:329 its therapeutic plasma concentration 294:329 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 11 26 theme polymer 1493:1499 arg1 concentrations 1501:1514 higher polymer concentrations 1486:1514 higher polymer concentrations 1486:1514 The percent drug release was decreased with higher polymer concentrations. 28115226 4 27 theme morphological 687:699 arg1 examination 701:711 the morphological examination 683:711 the morphological examination 683:711 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 5 28 theme tablets 855:861 arg1 2mg 863:865 Prandin® tablets 2mg 846:865 Prandin® tablets 2mg 846:865 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 4 29 theme prepared 574:581 arg1 beads 583:587 The prepared beads 570:587 The prepared beads 570:587 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 4 30 dep in 657:658 arg1 vitro 660:664 vitro 660:664 vitro 660:664 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 2 31 theme therapeutic 298:308 arg1 concentration 317:329 its therapeutic plasma concentration 294:329 its therapeutic plasma concentration 294:329 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 12 32 theme diabetes 1669:1676 arg1 control 1658:1664 better control 1651:1664 better control of diabetes 1651:1676 In conclusion, the developed beads could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, prolong the drug release and enhance bioavailability for better control of diabetes. 28115226 0 33 theme pectin-alginate 17:31 arg1 network 33:39 pectin-alginate network 17:39 pectin-alginate network 17:39 Dual crosslinked pectin-alginate network as sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide. 28115226 7 34 theme drug 1014:1017 arg1 efficiency 1030:1039 The drug entrapment efficiency 1010:1039 The drug entrapment efficiency 1010:1039 The drug entrapment efficiency varied between 55.24±4.61 to 82.29±3.42%. 28115226 12 35 theme developed 1536:1544 arg1 beads 1546:1550 the developed beads 1532:1550 the developed beads 1532:1550 In conclusion, the developed beads could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, prolong the drug release and enhance bioavailability for better control of diabetes. 28115226 1 36 theme oral 114:117 arg1 agent 132:136 an oral antidiabetic agent 111:136 an oral antidiabetic agent 111:136 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 36 theme oral 114:117 arg1 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 4 37 theme in 657:658 arg1 release 671:677 in vitro drug release 657:677 in vitro drug release 657:677 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 0 38 theme sustained 44:52 arg1 matrix 74:79 sustained release hydrophilic matrix 44:79 sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide 44:95 Dual crosslinked pectin-alginate network as sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide. 28115226 9 39 theme drug 1260:1263 arg1 amorphization 1239:1251 amorphization 1239:1251 amorphization 1239:1251 The XRD and DSC results suggest partial molecular dispersion and amorphization of the drug throughout the system. 28115226 9 39 theme drug 1260:1263 arg1 dispersion 1224:1233 partial molecular dispersion 1206:1233 partial molecular dispersion 1206:1233 The XRD and DSC results suggest partial molecular dispersion and amorphization of the drug throughout the system. 28115226 5 40 theme comparative 757:767 arg1 study 769:773 the comparative study 753:773 the comparative study 753:773 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 11 41 theme higher 1486:1491 arg1 concentrations 1501:1514 higher polymer concentrations 1486:1514 higher polymer concentrations 1486:1514 The percent drug release was decreased with higher polymer concentrations. 28115226 1 42 theme 1h 204:205 arg1 half-life 177:185 short half-life 171:185 short half-life of approximately 1h 171:205 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 42 theme 1h 204:205 arg1 onset 151:155 a rapid onset 143:155 a rapid onset of action 143:165 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 3 43 theme controlled 430:439 arg1 repaglinide 449:459 controlled release repaglinide 430:459 controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release 430:567 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 6 44 theme beads 963:967 arg1 size 955:958 The particle size 942:958 The particle size of beads 942:967 The particle size of beads was in the range of 698±2.34-769±1.43μm. 28115226 5 45 theme tablet 823:828 arg1 profile 788:794 the release profile 776:794 the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) 776:880 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 2 46 theme controlled 221:230 arg1 system 263:268 a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 219:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 208:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 3 47 theme sodium 480:485 arg1 alginate 487:494 sodium alginate 480:494 sodium alginate 480:494 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 0 48 theme hydrophilic 62:72 arg1 matrix 74:79 sustained release hydrophilic matrix 44:79 sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide 44:95 Dual crosslinked pectin-alginate network as sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide. 28115226 5 49 theme same 904:907 arg1 procedure 909:917 the same procedure 900:917 the same procedure as followed for beads 900:939 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 5 50 theme repaglinide 833:843 arg1 tablet 823:828 a marketed conventional tablet 799:828 a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) 799:880 For the comparative study, the release profile of a marketed conventional tablet of repaglinide (Prandin® tablets 2mg, Novo Nordisk) was determined by the same procedure as followed for beads. 28115226 1 51 theme antidiabetic 119:130 arg1 agent 132:136 an oral antidiabetic agent 111:136 an oral antidiabetic agent 111:136 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 51 theme antidiabetic 119:130 arg1 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 0 52 theme release 54:60 arg1 matrix 74:79 sustained release hydrophilic matrix 44:79 sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide 44:95 Dual crosslinked pectin-alginate network as sustained release hydrophilic matrix for repaglinide. 28115226 2 53 theme Developing 208:217 arg1 system 263:268 a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 219:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 208:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 3 54 theme effective 535:543 arg1 control 545:551 effective control 535:551 effective control of drug release 535:567 The present study aimed to develop controlled release repaglinide loaded beads using sodium alginate and pectin with dual cross-linking for effective control of drug release. 28115226 6 55 theme particle 946:953 arg1 size 955:958 The particle size 942:958 The particle size of beads 942:967 The particle size of beads was in the range of 698±2.34-769±1.43μm. 28115226 7 56 theme entrapment 1019:1028 arg1 efficiency 1030:1039 The drug entrapment efficiency 1010:1039 The drug entrapment efficiency 1010:1039 The drug entrapment efficiency varied between 55.24±4.61 to 82.29±3.42%. 28115226 10 57 theme polymer 1362:1368 arg1 composition 1370:1380 the polymer composition 1358:1380 the polymer composition 1358:1380 These results suggest that repaglinide did not dissolve completely in the polymer composition and seems not to be involved in the cross-linking reaction. 28115226 4 58 theme entrapment 634:643 arg1 efficiency 645:654 percentage drug entrapment efficiency 618:654 percentage drug entrapment efficiency 618:654 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 2 59 theme delivery 254:261 arg1 system 263:268 a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 219:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 208:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 7 60 dep 82.29±3.42 1070:1079 arg1 to 1067:1068 to 1067:1068 to 1067:1068 The drug entrapment efficiency varied between 55.24±4.61 to 82.29±3.42%. 28115226 4 61 theme drug 629:632 arg1 efficiency 645:654 percentage drug entrapment efficiency 618:654 percentage drug entrapment efficiency 618:654 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 4 62 theme drug 666:669 arg1 release 671:677 in vitro drug release 657:677 in vitro drug release 657:677 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 2 63 theme release 246:252 arg1 system 263:268 a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 219:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 208:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 9 64 theme XRD 1178:1180 arg1 results 1190:1196 The XRD and DSC results 1174:1196 The XRD and DSC results 1174:1196 The XRD and DSC results suggest partial molecular dispersion and amorphization of the drug throughout the system. 28115226 4 65 theme scanning 719:726 arg1 microscope 737:746 scanning electron microscope 719:746 scanning electron microscope 719:746 The prepared beads were characterized for size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and the morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. 28115226 12 66 theme drug 1606:1609 arg1 release 1611:1617 the drug release 1602:1617 the drug release 1602:1617 In conclusion, the developed beads could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, prolong the drug release and enhance bioavailability for better control of diabetes. 28115226 6 67 theme 698±2.34-769±1.43μm 989:1007 arg1 range 980:984 the range 976:984 the range of 698±2.34-769±1.43μm 976:1007 The particle size of beads was in the range of 698±2.34-769±1.43μm. 28115226 1 68 contain has 139:141 arg2 onset 151:155 a rapid onset 143:155 a rapid onset of action 143:165 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 68 contain has 139:141 arg2 half-life 177:185 short half-life 171:185 short half-life of approximately 1h 171:205 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 68 contain has 139:141 arg1 agent 132:136 an oral antidiabetic agent 111:136 an oral antidiabetic agent 111:136 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 1 68 contain has 139:141 arg1 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide 98:108 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 28115226 2 69 theme prolonged 236:244 arg1 system 263:268 a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 219:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system 208:268 Developing a controlled and prolonged release delivery system is required to maintain its therapeutic plasma concentration and to eliminate its adverse effects particularly hypoglycemia. 28115226 1 70 theme rapid 145:149 arg1 onset 151:155 a rapid onset 143:155 a rapid onset of action 143:165 Repaglinide, an oral antidiabetic agent, has a rapid onset of action and short half-life of approximately 1h. 27502448 6 0 theme coli 948:951 arg1 A 959:959 E. coli lipid A 945:959 E. coli lipid A 945:959 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 9 1 theme differences 1627:1637 arg1 substituents 1588:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 1 theme differences 1627:1637 arg1 result 1617:1622 a result 1615:1622 a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1615:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 4 2 theme electrospray 586:597 arg1 ionization 599:608 electrospray ionization 586:608 electrospray ionization 586:608 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 7 3 theme acyl 1113:1116 arg1 chains 1118:1123 the acyl chains 1109:1123 the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions 1109:1169 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 4 theme acyl 1328:1331 arg1 chain 1333:1337 the same acyl chain 1319:1337 the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14) 1319:1363 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 9 5 theme substrate 1642:1650 arg1 specificity 1652:1662 substrate specificity 1642:1662 substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1642:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 8 6 theme A 1455:1455 arg1 structures 1457:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures 1433:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures 1433:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 27502448 6 7 theme known 926:930 arg1 structure 932:940 the known structure 922:940 the known structure of E. coli lipid A 922:959 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 7 8 theme A 1092:1092 arg1 molecule 1094:1101 a lipid A molecule 1084:1101 a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1084:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 2 9 theme lipopolysaccharide 279:296 arg1 anchor 269:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor 245:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 245:302 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 9 theme lipopolysaccharide 279:296 arg1 A 242:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 9 10 dep transferases 1694:1705 arg1 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 10 dep transferases 1694:1705 arg1 transferases 1694:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases 1667:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1667:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 10 dep transferases 1694:1705 arg1 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 7 11 theme b 1348:1348 arg1 position 1350:1357 the 2'b position 1342:1357 the 2'b position (C14) 1342:1363 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 11 theme b 1348:1348 arg1 C14 1360:1362 C14 1360:1362 C14 1360:1362 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 12 theme E. 1296:1297 arg1 structure 1304:1312 an E. coli structure 1293:1312 an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1293:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 9 13 theme A 1681:1681 arg1 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 13 theme A 1681:1681 arg1 transferases 1694:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases 1667:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1667:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 13 theme A 1681:1681 arg1 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 4 14 theme ion 657:659 arg1 spectrometer 671:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 5 15 theme hierarchical 741:752 arg1 spectrometry 766:777 hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry 741:777 hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry 741:777 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 9 16 theme chain 1688:1692 arg1 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 16 theme chain 1688:1692 arg1 transferases 1694:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases 1667:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1667:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 16 theme chain 1688:1692 arg1 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 4 17 theme mass 666:669 arg1 spectrometer 671:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 5 18 theme mass 761:764 arg1 spectrometry 766:777 hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry 741:777 hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry 741:777 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 0 19 theme lipid 25:29 arg1 A 31:31 lipid A 25:31 lipid A 25:31 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 7 20 theme precursor 1023:1031 arg1 ion 1033:1035 The precursor ion 1019:1035 The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii 1019:1065 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 6 21 theme A 959:959 arg1 structure 932:940 the known structure 922:940 the known structure of E. coli lipid A 922:959 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 5 22 theme detailed 703:710 arg1 characterization 723:738 detailed structural characterization 703:738 detailed structural characterization 703:738 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 2 23 theme Lipid 236:240 arg1 anchor 269:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor 245:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 245:302 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 23 theme Lipid 236:240 arg1 A 242:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 23 theme Lipid 236:240 arg1 factor 330:335 a potential virulence factor 308:335 a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii 308:352 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 7 24 theme m/z 1423:1425 arg1 1796 1427:1430 m/z 1796 1423:1430 m/z 1796 1423:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 1 25 theme opportunistic 143:155 arg1 pathogen 157:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen 127:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis 127:233 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 1 25 theme opportunistic 143:155 arg1 sakazakii 114:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 7 26 theme m/z 1251:1253 arg1 1824 1255:1258 m/z 1824 1251:1258 m/z 1824 1251:1258 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 5 27 theme dominant 800:807 arg1 ions 809:812 the dominant ions 796:812 the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra 796:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 2 28 theme glycolipid 249:258 arg1 anchor 269:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor 245:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 245:302 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 28 theme glycolipid 249:258 arg1 A 242:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 0 29 theme mass 73:76 arg1 spectrometry 78:89 tandem mass spectrometry 66:89 tandem mass spectrometry 66:89 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 6 30 theme A 996:996 arg1 structure 964:972 a structure 962:972 a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A 962:996 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 9 31 theme b 1567:1567 arg1 substituents 1588:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 31 theme b 1567:1567 arg1 result 1617:1622 a result 1615:1622 a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1615:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 0 32 from Cronobacter 38:48 arg1 derivation 11:20 Structural derivation 0:20 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii 0:58 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 9 33 from differences 1627:1637 arg1 specificity 1652:1662 substrate specificity 1642:1662 substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1642:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 3 34 theme structural 431:440 arg1 characterization 442:457 structural characterization 431:457 structural characterization of lipid A 431:468 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 0 35 theme tandem 66:71 arg1 spectrometry 78:89 tandem mass spectrometry 66:89 tandem mass spectrometry 66:89 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 0 36 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 derivation 11:20 Structural derivation 0:20 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii 0:58 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 4 37 dep METHODS 487:493 arg1 characterization 510:525 The structural characterization 495:525 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii 487:564 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 1 38 theme RATIONALE 92:100 arg1 pathogen 157:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen 127:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis 127:233 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 1 38 theme RATIONALE 92:100 arg1 sakazakii 114:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 7 39 from sakazakii 1268:1276 arg1 ion 1244:1246 the precursor ion 1230:1246 the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii 1230:1276 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 40 theme precursor 1234:1242 arg1 ion 1244:1246 the precursor ion 1230:1246 the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii 1230:1276 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 3 41 theme potential 365:373 arg1 importance 375:384 the potential importance 361:384 the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence 361:428 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 9 42 from specificity 1652:1662 arg1 substituents 1588:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 42 from specificity 1652:1662 arg1 result 1617:1622 a result 1615:1622 a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1615:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 43 theme b 1575:1575 arg1 substituents 1588:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 43 theme b 1575:1575 arg1 result 1617:1622 a result 1615:1622 a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1615:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 3 44 theme A 468:468 arg1 characterization 442:457 structural characterization 431:457 structural characterization of lipid A 431:468 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 9 45 theme chain 1582:1586 arg1 substituents 1588:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 45 theme chain 1582:1586 arg1 result 1617:1622 a result 1615:1622 a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1615:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 0 46 theme A 31:31 arg1 derivation 11:20 Structural derivation 0:20 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii 0:58 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 7 47 theme longer 1372:1377 arg1 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 47 theme longer 1372:1377 arg1 chain 1384:1388 a longer acyl chain 1370:1388 a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1370:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 0 48 dep Cronobacter 38:48 arg1 sakazakii 50:58 Cronobacter sakazakii 38:58 Cronobacter sakazakii 38:58 Structural derivation of lipid A from Cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. 27502448 3 49 theme molecule 394:401 arg1 importance 375:384 the potential importance 361:384 the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence 361:428 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 4 50 theme lipid 530:534 arg1 A 536:536 lipid A 530:536 lipid A 530:536 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 8 51 from m/z 1510:1512 arg1 ions 1502:1505 the C. sakazakii ions 1485:1505 the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824 1485:1526 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 27502448 2 52 theme C. 341:342 arg1 sakazakii 344:352 C. sakazakii 341:352 C. sakazakii 341:352 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 5 53 theme ion 839:841 arg1 spectra 848:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 6 54 theme sakazakii 877:885 arg1 pathways 901:908 the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways 870:908 the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways 870:908 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 7 55 theme coli 1202:1205 arg1 lipid 1207:1211 E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1199:1430 E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1199:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 56 from position 1407:1414 arg1 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 56 from position 1407:1414 arg1 chain 1384:1388 a longer acyl chain 1370:1388 a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1370:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 57 from m/z 1040:1042 arg1 ion 1033:1035 The precursor ion 1019:1035 The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii 1019:1065 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 6 58 theme lipid 953:957 arg1 A 959:959 E. coli lipid A 945:959 E. coli lipid A 945:959 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 6 59 theme E. 945:946 arg1 A 959:959 E. coli lipid A 945:959 E. coli lipid A 945:959 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 7 60 theme acyl 1379:1382 arg1 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 60 theme acyl 1379:1382 arg1 chain 1384:1388 a longer acyl chain 1370:1388 a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1370:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 61 from sakazakii 1057:1065 arg1 ion 1033:1035 The precursor ion 1019:1035 The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii 1019:1065 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 8 62 theme lipid 1449:1453 arg1 structures 1457:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures 1433:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures 1433:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 27502448 7 63 theme lipid 1086:1090 arg1 molecule 1094:1101 a lipid A molecule 1084:1101 a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1084:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 1 64 theme necrotizing 181:191 arg1 enterocolitis 193:205 necrotizing enterocolitis 181:205 necrotizing enterocolitis 181:205 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 7 65 theme same 1323:1326 arg1 chain 1333:1337 the same acyl chain 1319:1337 the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14) 1319:1363 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 5 66 theme present 814:820 arg1 ions 809:812 the dominant ions 796:812 the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra 796:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 2 67 theme potential 310:318 arg1 factor 330:335 a potential virulence factor 308:335 a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii 308:352 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 67 theme potential 310:318 arg1 A 242:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 6 68 theme lipid 990:994 arg1 A 996:996 C. sakazakii lipid A 977:996 C. sakazakii lipid A 977:996 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 9 69 from result 1617:1622 arg1 specificity 1652:1662 substrate specificity 1642:1662 substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1642:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 70 theme lipid 1675:1679 arg1 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 70 theme lipid 1675:1679 arg1 transferases 1694:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases 1667:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1667:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 70 theme lipid 1675:1679 arg1 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 6 71 theme C. 977:978 arg1 A 996:996 C. sakazakii lipid A 977:996 C. sakazakii lipid A 977:996 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 9 72 theme acyl 1683:1686 arg1 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 LpxL 1708:1711 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 72 theme acyl 1683:1686 arg1 transferases 1694:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases 1667:1705 the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1667:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 72 theme acyl 1683:1686 arg1 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 LpxM 1717:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 4 73 theme linear 650:655 arg1 spectrometer 671:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 5 74 theme tandem 754:759 arg1 spectrometry 766:777 hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry 741:777 hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry 741:777 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 7 75 from position 1350:1357 arg1 chain 1333:1337 the same acyl chain 1319:1337 the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14) 1319:1363 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 9 76 theme transferases 1694:1705 arg1 specificity 1652:1662 substrate specificity 1642:1662 substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1642:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 4 77 theme trap 661:664 arg1 spectrometer 671:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 a linear ion trap mass spectrometer 648:682 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 6 78 dep C. 977:978 arg1 sakazakii 980:988 sakazakii 980:988 sakazakii 980:988 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 8 79 dep C. 1489:1490 arg1 sakazakii 1492:1500 sakazakii 1492:1500 sakazakii 1492:1500 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 27502448 5 80 theme structural 712:721 arg1 characterization 723:738 detailed structural characterization 703:738 detailed structural characterization 703:738 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 5 81 from present 814:820 arg1 spectra 848:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 1 82 theme Gram-negative 129:141 arg1 pathogen 157:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen 127:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis 127:233 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 1 82 theme Gram-negative 129:141 arg1 sakazakii 114:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 7 83 theme b 1405:1405 arg1 position 1407:1414 the 3'b position 1399:1414 the 3'b position 1399:1414 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 10 84 dep & 1751:1751 arg1 Sons 1753:1756 Sons 1753:1756 Sons 1753:1756 Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 27502448 7 85 theme C12 1156:1158 arg1 positions 1161:1169 3'b (C12) positions 1151:1169 3'b (C12) positions 1151:1169 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 2 86 theme membrane 260:267 arg1 anchor 269:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor 245:274 the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 245:302 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 86 theme membrane 260:267 arg1 A 242:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 7 87 dep E. 1296:1297 arg1 coli 1299:1302 coli 1299:1302 coli 1299:1302 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 4 88 theme structural 499:508 arg1 characterization 510:525 The structural characterization 495:525 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii 487:564 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 7 89 theme b 1153:1153 arg1 positions 1161:1169 3'b (C12) positions 1151:1169 3'b (C12) positions 1151:1169 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 90 from 1796 1427:1430 arg1 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 90 from 1796 1427:1430 arg1 chain 1384:1388 a longer acyl chain 1370:1388 a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1370:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 91 dep RESULTS 1011:1017 arg1 produced 1070:1077 produced 1070:1077 is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1067:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 3 92 from importance 375:384 arg1 virulence 420:428 virulence 420:428 virulence 420:428 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 3 92 from importance 375:384 arg1 infection 406:414 infection 406:414 infection 406:414 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 7 93 from 1824 1255:1258 arg1 ion 1244:1246 the precursor ion 1230:1246 the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii 1230:1276 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 4 94 theme collision-induced 614:630 arg1 dissociation 632:643 collision-induced dissociation 614:643 collision-induced dissociation 614:643 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 5 95 theme mass 843:846 arg1 spectra 848:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 5 96 from spectra 848:854 arg1 present 814:820 present 814:820 present 814:820 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 7 97 with structure 1304:1312 arg1 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 C14 1391:1393 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 97 with structure 1304:1312 arg1 chain 1384:1388 a longer acyl chain 1370:1388 a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1370:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 97 with structure 1304:1312 arg1 chain 1333:1337 the same acyl chain 1319:1337 the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14) 1319:1363 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 1 98 theme Cronobacter 102:112 arg1 pathogen 157:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen 127:164 a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis 127:233 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 1 98 theme Cronobacter 102:112 arg1 sakazakii 114:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii 92:122 RATIONALE Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. 27502448 9 99 theme acyl 1577:1580 arg1 substituents 1588:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents 1561:1599 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 9 99 theme acyl 1577:1580 arg1 result 1617:1622 a result 1615:1622 a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM 1615:1720 They differed in composition at the 2'b and 3'b acyl chain substituents, which may be a result of differences in substrate specificity of the two lipid A acyl chain transferases: LpxL and LpxM. 27502448 4 100 theme A 536:536 arg1 characterization 510:525 The structural characterization 495:525 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii 487:564 METHODS The structural characterization of lipid A extracted from C. sakazakii was performed using electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 27502448 3 101 theme lipid 462:466 arg1 A 468:468 lipid A 462:468 lipid A 462:468 Given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid A was carried out. 27502448 5 102 theme precursor 829:837 arg1 spectra 848:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 6 103 theme fragmentation 887:899 arg1 pathways 901:908 the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways 870:908 the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways 870:908 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 7 104 theme E. 1199:1200 arg1 lipid 1207:1211 E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1199:1430 E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1199:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 5 105 attach present 814:820 arg1 spectra 848:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 the precursor ion mass spectra 825:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 5 105 attach present 814:820 arg2 ions 809:812 the dominant ions 796:812 the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra 796:854 Specifically, for detailed structural characterization, hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the dominant ions present in the precursor ion mass spectra. 27502448 8 106 theme CONCLUSIONS 1433:1443 arg1 structures 1457:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures 1433:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures 1433:1466 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 27502448 6 107 theme C. 874:875 arg1 pathways 901:908 the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways 870:908 the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways 870:908 By comparing the C. sakazakii fragmentation pathways to those of the known structure of E. coli lipid A, a structure of C. sakazakii lipid A was derived. 27502448 7 108 dep lipid 1207:1211 arg1 corresponds 1278:1288 corresponds 1278:1288 corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1278:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 7 108 dep lipid 1207:1211 arg1 A. 1213:1214 E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1199:1430 E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796 1199:1430 RESULTS The precursor ion at m/z 1796 from C. sakazakii is produced from a lipid A molecule where the acyl chains between the 2'b (C14) and 3'b (C12) positions are reversed as compared to E. coli lipid A. Additionally, the precursor ion at m/z 1824 from C. sakazakii corresponds to an E. coli structure with the same acyl chain at the 2'b position (C14), but a longer acyl chain (C14) at the 3'b position versus m/z 1796. 27502448 2 109 theme virulence 320:328 arg1 factor 330:335 a potential virulence factor 308:335 a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii 308:352 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 2 109 theme virulence 320:328 arg1 A 242:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A 236:242 Lipid A, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potential virulence factor for C. sakazakii. 27502448 8 110 from 1824 1523:1526 arg1 ions 1502:1505 the C. sakazakii ions 1485:1505 the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824 1485:1526 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 27502448 8 111 theme C. 1489:1490 arg1 ions 1502:1505 the C. sakazakii ions 1485:1505 the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824 1485:1526 CONCLUSIONS Two lipid A structures were derived for the C. sakazakii ions at m/z 1796 and 1824. 28723345 6 0 dep stability 995:1003 arg1 % 1014:1014 84.3±1.2% 1006:1014 84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C 1006:1045 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 4 1 theme unchanged 710:718 arg1 pH 728:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 9 2 theme storage 1381:1387 arg1 stability 1389:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability 1313:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1313:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 3 3 theme enzyme 495:500 arg1 inhibitors 502:511 enzyme inhibitors 495:511 enzyme inhibitors 495:511 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 1 4 theme α-glucosidase 253:265 arg1 immobilization 235:248 the immobilization 231:248 the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) 231:273 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 0 5 from immobilization 14:27 arg1 composites 59:68 chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 32:68 chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 32:68 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors screening. 28723345 5 6 theme initial 905:911 arg1 activity 913:920 its initial activity 901:920 its initial activity 901:920 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu was significantly improved after immobilization, and it retained 62.2% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles. 28723345 6 7 from 35days 1022:1027 arg1 4°C 1043:1045 4°C 1043:1045 4°C 1043:1045 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 3 8 theme Chinese 544:550 arg1 TCMs 563:566 TCMs 563:566 TCMs 563:566 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 3 8 theme Chinese 544:550 arg1 medicines 552:560 traditional Chinese medicines 532:560 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) 532:567 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 2 9 theme immobilized 280:290 arg1 α-Glu 292:296 The immobilized α-Glu 276:296 The immobilized α-Glu 276:296 The immobilized α-Glu could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support. 28723345 5 10 theme repeated 931:938 arg1 cycles 940:945 10 repeated cycles 928:945 10 repeated cycles 928:945 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu was significantly improved after immobilization, and it retained 62.2% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles. 28723345 4 11 theme enhanced 667:674 arg1 tolerance 695:703 enhanced pH and temperature tolerance 667:703 enhanced pH and temperature tolerance 667:703 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 9 12 theme MCCs-immobilized 1402:1417 arg1 α-Glu 1419:1423 MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1402:1423 MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1402:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 6 13 from 4°C 1043:1045 arg1 35days 1022:1027 35days 1022:1027 35days of storage at 4°C 1022:1045 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 6 13 from 4°C 1043:1045 arg1 storage 1032:1038 storage 1032:1038 storage at 4°C 1032:1045 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 3 14 theme traditional 532:542 arg1 TCMs 563:566 TCMs 563:566 TCMs 563:566 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 3 14 theme traditional 532:542 arg1 medicines 552:560 traditional Chinese medicines 532:560 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) 532:567 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 9 15 theme promising 1435:1443 arg1 candidate 1445:1453 a promising candidate 1433:1453 a promising candidate for biotechnological applications 1433:1487 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 5 16 theme immobilized 809:819 arg1 α-Glu 821:825 the immobilized α-Glu 805:825 the immobilized α-Glu 805:825 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu was significantly improved after immobilization, and it retained 62.2% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles. 28723345 9 17 theme temperature 1333:1343 arg1 tolerance 1345:1353 temperature tolerance 1333:1353 temperature tolerance 1333:1353 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 9 18 theme enhanced 1317:1324 arg1 stability 1389:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability 1313:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1313:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 4 19 theme 4.0 750:752 arg1 pH 728:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 4 19 theme 4.0 750:752 arg1 temperature 735:745 temperature 735:745 temperature 735:745 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 0 20 theme α-Glucosidase 0:12 arg1 immobilization 14:27 α-Glucosidase immobilization 0:27 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors 0:90 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors screening. 28723345 6 21 theme storage 987:993 arg1 stability 995:1003 improved storage stability 978:1003 improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C) 978:1046 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 7 22 theme immobilized 1078:1088 arg1 α-Glu 1090:1094 immobilized α-Glu 1078:1094 immobilized α-Glu 1078:1094 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu was calculated to be 0.81mM and the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate was reduced after immobilization. 28723345 1 23 theme present 110:116 arg1 study 118:122 the present study 106:122 the present study 106:122 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 1 24 theme novel 193:197 arg1 method 220:225 a novel and simple embedding method 191:225 a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) 191:273 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 0 25 theme chitosan-enriched 32:48 arg1 composites 59:68 chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 32:68 chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 32:68 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors screening. 28723345 5 26 theme α-Glu 821:825 arg1 Reusability 790:800 Reusability 790:800 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu 790:825 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu was significantly improved after immobilization, and it retained 62.2% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles. 28723345 7 27 theme parameter 1061:1069 arg1 0.81mM 1117:1122 0.81mM 1117:1122 0.81mM 1117:1122 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu was calculated to be 0.81mM and the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate was reduced after immobilization. 28723345 7 27 theme parameter 1061:1069 arg1 Km 1071:1072 The kinetic parameter Km 1049:1072 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu 1049:1094 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu was calculated to be 0.81mM and the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate was reduced after immobilization. 28723345 0 28 dep screening 92:100 arg1 immobilization 14:27 α-Glucosidase immobilization 0:27 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors 0:90 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors screening. 28723345 9 29 theme reusability 1365:1375 arg1 stability 1389:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability 1313:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1313:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 8 30 theme enzyme 1253:1258 arg1 inhibitors 1260:1269 enzyme inhibitors 1253:1269 enzyme inhibitors 1253:1269 Finally, immobilized α-Glu was used to screen enzyme inhibitors from the extracts of TCMs and vegetables. 28723345 1 31 theme simple 203:208 arg1 method 220:225 a novel and simple embedding method 191:225 a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) 191:273 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 2 32 theme reaction 333:340 arg1 mixture 342:348 the reaction mixture 329:348 the reaction mixture 329:348 The immobilized α-Glu could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support. 28723345 1 33 theme embedding 210:218 arg1 method 220:225 a novel and simple embedding method 191:225 a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) 191:273 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 8 34 theme vegetables 1301:1310 arg1 extracts 1280:1287 the extracts 1276:1287 the extracts of TCMs and vegetables 1276:1310 Finally, immobilized α-Glu was used to screen enzyme inhibitors from the extracts of TCMs and vegetables. 28723345 3 35 theme MCCs-immobilized 423:438 arg1 α-Glu 440:444 the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 419:444 the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 419:444 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 3 36 theme enzyme 447:452 arg1 activity 454:461 enzyme activity 447:461 enzyme activity 447:461 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 0 37 theme magnetic 50:57 arg1 composites 59:68 chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 32:68 chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 32:68 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors screening. 28723345 9 38 theme tolerance 1345:1353 arg1 stability 1389:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability 1313:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1313:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 7 39 theme kinetic 1053:1059 arg1 0.81mM 1117:1122 0.81mM 1117:1122 0.81mM 1117:1122 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu was calculated to be 0.81mM and the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate was reduced after immobilization. 28723345 7 39 theme kinetic 1053:1059 arg1 Km 1071:1072 The kinetic parameter Km 1049:1072 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu 1049:1094 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu was calculated to be 0.81mM and the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate was reduced after immobilization. 28723345 3 40 theme capillary 598:606 arg1 CE 625:626 CE 625:626 CE 625:626 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 3 40 theme capillary 598:606 arg1 electrophoresis 608:622 capillary electrophoresis 598:622 capillary electrophoresis (CE) 598:627 With the MCCs-immobilized α-Glu, enzyme activity and stability were studied, and enzyme inhibitors were screened from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and vegetables combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). 28723345 2 41 theme magnetic 396:403 arg1 support 405:411 the magnetic support 392:411 the magnetic support 392:411 The immobilized α-Glu could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support. 28723345 0 42 theme enzyme 74:79 arg1 inhibitors 81:90 enzyme inhibitors 74:90 enzyme inhibitors 74:90 α-Glucosidase immobilization on chitosan-enriched magnetic composites for enzyme inhibitors screening. 28723345 6 43 theme Immobilized 948:958 arg1 α-Glu 960:964 Immobilized α-Glu 948:964 Immobilized α-Glu 948:964 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 6 44 theme improved 978:985 arg1 stability 995:1003 improved storage stability 978:1003 improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C) 978:1046 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 5 45 theme activity 913:920 arg1 % 896:896 62.2% 892:896 62.2% of its initial activity 892:920 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu was significantly improved after immobilization, and it retained 62.2% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles. 28723345 5 45 theme activity 913:920 arg1 activity 913:920 its initial activity 901:920 its initial activity 901:920 Reusability of the immobilized α-Glu was significantly improved after immobilization, and it retained 62.2% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles. 28723345 9 46 theme improved 1356:1363 arg1 reusability 1365:1375 improved reusability 1356:1375 improved reusability 1356:1375 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 1 47 theme chitosan-enriched 129:145 arg1 MCCs 168:171 MCCs 168:171 MCCs 168:171 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 1 47 theme chitosan-enriched 129:145 arg1 composites 156:165 the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 125:165 the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) 125:172 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 7 48 theme enzyme 1144:1149 arg1 affinity 1132:1139 the affinity 1128:1139 the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate 1128:1171 The kinetic parameter Km for immobilized α-Glu was calculated to be 0.81mM and the affinity of enzyme towards its substrate was reduced after immobilization. 28723345 4 49 theme pH 676:677 arg1 tolerance 695:703 enhanced pH and temperature tolerance 667:703 enhanced pH and temperature tolerance 667:703 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 1 50 theme magnetic 147:154 arg1 MCCs 168:171 MCCs 168:171 MCCs 168:171 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 1 50 theme magnetic 147:154 arg1 composites 156:165 the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites 125:165 the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) 125:172 In the present study, the chitosan-enriched magnetic composites (MCCs) were prepared by a novel and simple embedding method for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). 28723345 4 51 theme 60°C 758:761 arg1 pH 728:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 4 51 theme 60°C 758:761 arg1 temperature 735:745 temperature 735:745 temperature 735:745 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 6 52 theme storage 1032:1038 arg1 35days 1022:1027 35days 1022:1027 35days of storage at 4°C 1022:1045 Immobilized α-Glu also showed improved storage stability (84.3±1.2% after 35days of storage at 4°C). 28723345 4 53 theme free 778:781 arg1 α-Glu 783:787 free α-Glu 778:787 free α-Glu 778:787 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 9 54 theme α-Glu 1419:1423 arg1 stability 1389:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability 1313:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1313:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 8 55 used used 1238:1241 arg2 α-Glu 1228:1232 immobilized α-Glu 1216:1232 immobilized α-Glu 1216:1232 Finally, immobilized α-Glu was used to screen enzyme inhibitors from the extracts of TCMs and vegetables. 28723345 9 56 theme pH 1326:1327 arg1 stability 1389:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability 1313:1397 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 1313:1423 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 4 57 theme temperature 683:693 arg1 tolerance 695:703 enhanced pH and temperature tolerance 667:703 enhanced pH and temperature tolerance 667:703 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 8 58 theme TCMs 1292:1295 arg1 extracts 1280:1287 the extracts 1276:1287 the extracts of TCMs and vegetables 1276:1310 Finally, immobilized α-Glu was used to screen enzyme inhibitors from the extracts of TCMs and vegetables. 28723345 4 59 theme MCCs-immobilized 634:649 arg1 α-Glu 651:655 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 630:655 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu 630:655 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 28723345 9 60 theme biotechnological 1459:1474 arg1 applications 1476:1487 biotechnological applications 1459:1487 biotechnological applications 1459:1487 The enhanced pH and temperature tolerance, improved reusability and storage stability of MCCs-immobilized α-Glu make it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. 28723345 2 61 theme magnetic 368:375 arg1 field 377:381 an external magnetic field 356:381 an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support 356:411 The immobilized α-Glu could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support. 28723345 8 62 theme immobilized 1216:1226 arg1 α-Glu 1228:1232 immobilized α-Glu 1216:1232 immobilized α-Glu 1216:1232 Finally, immobilized α-Glu was used to screen enzyme inhibitors from the extracts of TCMs and vegetables. 28723345 2 63 theme external 359:366 arg1 field 377:381 an external magnetic field 356:381 an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support 356:411 The immobilized α-Glu could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under an external magnetic field owing to the magnetic support. 28723345 4 64 theme optimum 720:726 arg1 pH 728:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 unchanged optimum pH 710:729 The MCCs-immobilized α-Glu exhibited enhanced pH and temperature tolerance with unchanged optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60°C comparing with free α-Glu. 26243277 6 0 theme system 1063:1068 arg1 parameters 1004:1013 hematological and metabolic parameters 976:1013 hematological and metabolic parameters 976:1013 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 6 0 theme system 1063:1068 arg1 hemocompatibility 1023:1039 the hemocompatibility 1019:1039 the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system 1019:1068 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 4 1 theme heparin-coated 604:617 arg1 system 626:631 a heparin-coated tubing system 602:631 a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir 602:681 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit consisted of a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir. 26243277 10 2 theme ± 1491:1491 arg1 mmHg 1495:1498 51 ± 6 mmHg 1488:1498 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001) 1488:1537 While pO2 levels and the pH remained unaltered during the experiment, pCO2 values decreased from 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001). 26243277 11 3 theme Simulated 1540:1548 arg1 cardiopulmonary 1550:1564 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass 1540:1571 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass 1540:1571 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 5 4 theme Normothermic 684:695 arg1 flow 697:700 Normothermic flow 684:700 Normothermic flow of blood obtained from healthy donors 684:738 Normothermic flow of blood obtained from healthy donors was maintained at 2.4 L/min/m(2) by a roller pump. 26243277 11 5 from T120 1697:1700 arg1 pg/mL 1688:1692 38 ± 13 pg/mL 1680:1692 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009) 1680:1710 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 3 6 theme system 528:533 arg1 hemocompatibility 503:519 the hemocompatibility 499:519 the hemocompatibility of the system 499:533 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 3 6 theme system 528:533 arg1 generalizability 412:427 the clinical generalizability 399:427 the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters 399:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 13 7 theme ex 1832:1833 arg1 set-up 1840:1845 The ex vivo set-up 1828:1845 The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting 1828:1927 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26243277 8 8 theme blood 1142:1146 arg1 perfusion 1148:1156 blood perfusion 1142:1156 blood perfusion 1142:1156 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 14 9 theme mild 2078:2081 arg1 response 2090:2097 a mild immune response 2076:2097 a mild immune response 2076:2097 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 3 10 from parameters 484:493 arg1 hemocompatibility 503:519 the hemocompatibility 499:519 the hemocompatibility of the system 499:533 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 3 10 from parameters 484:493 arg1 generalizability 412:427 the clinical generalizability 399:427 the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters 399:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 1 11 theme tested 184:189 arg1 volume 197:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 6 12 theme s. 863:864 arg1 Blood 866:870 ⩾500 s. Blood 858:870 ⩾500 s. Blood 858:870 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 11 13 theme ± 1683:1683 arg1 pg/mL 1688:1692 38 ± 13 pg/mL 1680:1692 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009) 1680:1710 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 7 14 theme repeated 1096:1103 arg1 measures 1105:1112 repeated measures 1096:1112 repeated measures ANOVA 1096:1118 Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. 26243277 11 15 theme two-fold 1583:1590 arg1 increase 1592:1599 a two-fold increase 1581:1599 a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) 1581:1616 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 14 16 theme hematological 2047:2059 arg1 parameters 2061:2070 maintained hematological parameters 2036:2070 maintained hematological parameters 2036:2070 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 11 17 dep cardiopulmonary 1550:1564 arg1 bypass 1566:1571 bypass 1566:1571 bypass 1566:1571 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 8 18 theme red 1261:1263 arg1 cell 1271:1274 red blood cell 1261:1274 red blood cell 1261:1274 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 14 19 theme blood 1954:1958 arg1 Exposure 1930:1937 Exposure 1930:1937 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit 1930:1988 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 8 20 from reduction 1206:1214 arg1 hematocrit 1219:1228 hematocrit 1219:1228 hematocrit 1219:1228 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 1 21 theme biomaterial 126:136 arg1 testing 146:152 biomaterial surface testing 126:152 biomaterial surface testing 126:152 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 13 22 dep ex 1832:1833 arg1 vivo 1835:1838 vivo 1835:1838 vivo 1835:1838 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26243277 8 23 theme cell 1271:1274 arg1 counts 1300:1305 red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts 1261:1305 red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts 1261:1305 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 5 24 theme healthy 725:731 arg1 donors 733:738 healthy donors 725:738 healthy donors 725:738 Normothermic flow of blood obtained from healthy donors was maintained at 2.4 L/min/m(2) by a roller pump. 26243277 2 25 dep ex 303:304 arg1 vivo 306:309 vivo 306:309 vivo 306:309 This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. 26243277 8 26 theme platelet 1277:1284 arg1 counts 1300:1305 red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts 1261:1305 red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts 1261:1305 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 4 27 dep cardiopulmonary 558:572 arg1 bypass 574:579 bypass 574:579 bypass circuit 574:587 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit consisted of a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir. 26243277 6 28 theme flow 958:961 arg1 initiation 938:947 the initiation 934:947 the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system 934:1068 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 8 29 theme leukocyte 1290:1298 arg1 counts 1300:1305 red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts 1261:1305 red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts 1261:1305 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 0 30 theme hemocompatibility 66:82 arg1 testing 84:90 hemocompatibility testing 66:90 hemocompatibility testing 66:90 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood for hemocompatibility testing. 26243277 13 31 theme cardiosurgical 1906:1919 arg1 setting 1921:1927 the clinical cardiosurgical setting 1893:1927 the clinical cardiosurgical setting 1893:1927 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26243277 12 32 theme VIIa 1785:1788 arg1 Levels 1713:1718 Levels 1713:1718 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa 1713:1788 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 8 33 dep RESULTS 1121:1127 arg1 resulted 1158:1165 resulted 1158:1165 resulted 1158:1165 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 3 34 theme observed 436:443 arg1 effects 445:451 the observed effects 432:451 the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters 432:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 12 35 theme fragment 1742:1749 arg1 1+2 1751:1753 prothrombin fragment 1+2 1730:1753 prothrombin fragment 1+2 1730:1753 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 0 36 theme Ex 0:1 arg1 simulation 8:17 Ex vivo simulation 0:17 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary 0:36 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood for hemocompatibility testing. 26243277 1 37 theme animal 264:269 arg1 blood 271:275 animal blood 264:275 animal blood 264:275 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 38 theme OBJECT 93:98 arg1 circuits 113:120 OBJECT Experimental circuits 93:120 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing 93:152 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 11 39 from increase 1592:1599 arg1 p=0.001 1609:1615 p=0.001 1609:1615 p=0.001 1609:1615 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 11 39 from increase 1592:1599 arg1 C3a 1604:1606 C3a 1604:1606 C3a (p=0.001) 1604:1616 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 10 40 theme pCO2 1461:1464 arg1 values 1466:1471 pCO2 values 1461:1471 pCO2 values 1461:1471 While pO2 levels and the pH remained unaltered during the experiment, pCO2 values decreased from 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001). 26243277 6 41 theme ⩾500 858:861 arg1 Blood 866:870 ⩾500 s. Blood 858:870 ⩾500 s. Blood 858:870 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 13 42 dep set-up 1840:1845 arg1 mimicked 1884:1891 mimicked 1884:1891 mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting 1884:1927 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26243277 3 43 theme clinical 403:410 arg1 generalizability 412:427 the clinical generalizability 399:427 the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters 399:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 14 44 theme fresh 1942:1946 arg1 blood 1954:1958 fresh donor blood 1942:1958 fresh donor blood 1942:1958 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 0 45 theme cardiopulmonary 22:36 arg1 simulation 8:17 Ex vivo simulation 0:17 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary 0:36 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood for hemocompatibility testing. 26243277 2 46 theme simulated 322:330 arg1 cardiopulmonary 332:346 simulated cardiopulmonary 322:346 simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion 322:380 This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. 26243277 4 47 theme simulated 548:556 arg1 cardiopulmonary 558:572 The simulated cardiopulmonary 544:572 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit 536:587 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit consisted of a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir. 26243277 13 48 theme clinical 1897:1904 arg1 setting 1921:1927 the clinical cardiosurgical setting 1893:1927 the clinical cardiosurgical setting 1893:1927 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26243277 1 49 theme circuit 224:230 arg1 composition 205:215 composition 205:215 composition of the circuit 205:230 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 49 theme circuit 224:230 arg1 volume 197:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 49 theme circuit 224:230 arg1 use 257:259 the use 253:259 the use of animal blood 253:275 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 49 theme circuit 224:230 arg1 conditions 238:247 flow conditions 233:247 flow conditions 233:247 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 11 50 theme tissue 1624:1629 arg1 factor 1631:1636 tissue factor 1624:1636 tissue factor 1624:1636 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 2 51 theme human 360:364 arg1 perfusion 372:380 human blood perfusion 360:380 human blood perfusion 360:380 This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. 26243277 1 52 theme flow 233:236 arg1 conditions 238:247 flow conditions 233:247 flow conditions 233:247 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 0 53 dep Ex 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood for hemocompatibility testing. 26243277 3 54 from effects 445:451 arg1 parameters 484:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 10 55 from T120 1524:1527 arg1 mmHg 1495:1498 51 ± 6 mmHg 1488:1498 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001) 1488:1537 While pO2 levels and the pH remained unaltered during the experiment, pCO2 values decreased from 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001). 26243277 6 56 theme extracorporeal 1048:1061 arg1 system 1063:1068 the extracorporeal system 1044:1068 the extracorporeal system 1044:1068 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 4 57 theme tubing 619:624 arg1 system 626:631 a heparin-coated tubing system 602:631 a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir 602:681 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit consisted of a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir. 26243277 14 58 theme immune 2083:2088 arg1 response 2090:2097 a mild immune response 2076:2097 a mild immune response 2076:2097 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 8 59 theme unimportant 1194:1204 arg1 reduction 1206:1214 a small, but clinically unimportant reduction 1170:1214 a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit 1170:1228 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 5 60 theme roller 778:783 arg1 pump 785:788 a roller pump 776:788 a roller pump 776:788 Normothermic flow of blood obtained from healthy donors was maintained at 2.4 L/min/m(2) by a roller pump. 26243277 2 61 theme ex 303:304 arg1 set-up 311:316 an ex vivo set-up 300:316 an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion 300:380 This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. 26243277 1 62 theme blood 191:195 arg1 volume 197:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 8 63 theme perfusion 1148:1156 arg1 hours 1133:1137 Two hours 1129:1137 Two hours of blood perfusion 1129:1156 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 3 64 from hemocompatibility 503:519 arg1 parameters 484:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 14 65 theme maintained 2036:2045 arg1 parameters 2061:2070 maintained hematological parameters 2036:2070 maintained hematological parameters 2036:2070 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 8 66 theme small 1172:1176 arg1 reduction 1206:1214 a small, but clinically unimportant reduction 1170:1214 a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit 1170:1228 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 11 67 from T0 1674:1675 arg1 pg/mL 1665:1669 44 ± 14 pg/mL 1657:1669 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009) 1657:1710 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 4 68 theme venous 666:671 arg1 reservoir 673:681 a venous reservoir 664:681 a venous reservoir 664:681 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit consisted of a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir. 26243277 5 69 theme blood 705:709 arg1 flow 697:700 Normothermic flow 684:700 Normothermic flow of blood obtained from healthy donors 684:738 Normothermic flow of blood obtained from healthy donors was maintained at 2.4 L/min/m(2) by a roller pump. 26243277 4 70 dep METHODS 536:542 arg1 cardiopulmonary 558:572 The simulated cardiopulmonary 544:572 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit 536:587 METHODS The simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit consisted of a heparin-coated tubing system connected to an oxygenator and a venous reservoir. 26243277 6 71 theme clotting 838:845 arg1 time 847:850 clotting time 838:850 clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system 838:1068 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 1 72 theme surface 138:144 arg1 testing 146:152 biomaterial surface testing 126:152 biomaterial surface testing 126:152 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 6 73 theme hematological 976:988 arg1 parameters 1004:1013 hematological and metabolic parameters 976:1013 hematological and metabolic parameters 976:1013 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 8 74 theme blood 1265:1269 arg1 cell 1271:1274 red blood cell 1261:1274 red blood cell 1261:1274 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 11 75 theme ± 1660:1660 arg1 pg/mL 1665:1669 44 ± 14 pg/mL 1657:1669 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009) 1657:1710 Simulated cardiopulmonary bypass induced a two-fold increase in C3a (p=0.001) while tissue factor was decreased from 44 ± 14 pg/mL at T0 to 38 ± 13 pg/mL at T120 (p=0.009). 26243277 12 76 theme factor 1778:1783 arg1 VIIa 1785:1788 factor VIIa 1778:1788 factor VIIa 1778:1788 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 6 77 theme blood 952:956 arg1 flow 958:961 blood flow 952:961 blood flow 952:961 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 14 78 theme good 1999:2002 arg1 hemocompatibility 2004:2020 a good hemocompatibility 1997:2020 a good hemocompatibility 1997:2020 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 3 79 from generalizability 412:427 arg1 parameters 484:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 10 80 theme pO2 1397:1399 arg1 levels 1401:1406 pO2 levels 1397:1406 pO2 levels 1397:1406 While pO2 levels and the pH remained unaltered during the experiment, pCO2 values decreased from 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001). 26243277 2 81 dep cardiopulmonary 332:346 arg1 bypass 348:353 bypass 348:353 bypass with human blood perfusion 348:380 This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. 26243277 12 82 theme 1+2 1751:1753 arg1 Levels 1713:1718 Levels 1713:1718 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa 1713:1788 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 14 83 theme extracorporeal 1967:1980 arg1 circuit 1982:1988 the extracorporeal circuit 1963:1988 the extracorporeal circuit 1963:1988 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 3 84 theme effects 445:451 arg1 hemocompatibility 503:519 the hemocompatibility 499:519 the hemocompatibility of the system 499:533 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 3 84 theme effects 445:451 arg1 generalizability 412:427 the clinical generalizability 399:427 the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters 399:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 12 85 theme β-thromboglobulin 1756:1772 arg1 Levels 1713:1718 Levels 1713:1718 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa 1713:1788 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 2 86 theme blood 366:370 arg1 perfusion 372:380 human blood perfusion 360:380 human blood perfusion 360:380 This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. 26243277 1 87 theme blood 271:275 arg1 composition 205:215 composition 205:215 composition of the circuit 205:230 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 87 theme blood 271:275 arg1 volume 197:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 the tested blood volume 180:202 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 87 theme blood 271:275 arg1 use 257:259 the use 253:259 the use of animal blood 253:275 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 1 87 theme blood 271:275 arg1 conditions 238:247 flow conditions 233:247 flow conditions 233:247 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 12 88 theme CD40L 1723:1727 arg1 Levels 1713:1718 Levels 1713:1718 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa 1713:1788 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 1 89 theme Experimental 100:111 arg1 circuits 113:120 OBJECT Experimental circuits 93:120 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing 93:152 OBJECT Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. 26243277 13 90 dep cardiopulmonary 1861:1875 arg1 bypass 1877:1882 bypass 1877:1882 bypass 1877:1882 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26243277 6 91 dep time 847:850 arg1 ACT 853:855 ACT 853:855 ACT 853:855 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 6 91 dep time 847:850 arg1 drawn 876:880 drawn 876:880 was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system 872:1068 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 14 92 theme donor 1948:1952 arg1 blood 1954:1958 fresh donor blood 1942:1958 fresh donor blood 1942:1958 Exposure of fresh donor blood to the extracorporeal circuit showed a good hemocompatibility, indicated by maintained hematological parameters and a mild immune response. 26243277 3 93 theme metabolic 474:482 arg1 parameters 484:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 12 94 theme prothrombin 1730:1740 arg1 1+2 1751:1753 prothrombin fragment 1+2 1730:1753 prothrombin fragment 1+2 1730:1753 Levels of CD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2, β-thromboglobulin and factor VIIa remained stable over time. 26243277 6 95 theme metabolic 994:1002 arg1 parameters 1004:1013 hematological and metabolic parameters 976:1013 hematological and metabolic parameters 976:1013 Heparin was dosed to obtain a target activated clotting time (ACT) ⩾500 s. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 10, 60 and 120 minutes following the initiation of blood flow to determine hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the extracorporeal system. 26243277 3 96 theme hematological 456:468 arg1 parameters 484:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 hematological and metabolic parameters 456:493 We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system. 26243277 0 97 theme human 50:54 arg1 blood 56:60 human blood 50:60 human blood 50:60 Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood for hemocompatibility testing. 26243277 9 98 theme significant 1336:1346 arg1 increase 1348:1355 a significant increase 1334:1355 a significant increase in ACT throughout the experiment 1334:1388 There was a significant increase in ACT throughout the experiment. 26243277 9 99 from increase 1348:1355 arg1 ACT 1360:1362 ACT 1360:1362 ACT 1360:1362 There was a significant increase in ACT throughout the experiment. 26243277 10 100 from T0 1503:1504 arg1 mmHg 1495:1498 51 ± 6 mmHg 1488:1498 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001) 1488:1537 While pO2 levels and the pH remained unaltered during the experiment, pCO2 values decreased from 51 ± 6 mmHg at T0 to 41 ± 3 mmHg at T120 (p<0.001). 26243277 8 101 theme hemoglobin 1239:1248 arg1 levels 1250:1255 hemoglobin levels 1239:1255 hemoglobin levels 1239:1255 RESULTS Two hours of blood perfusion resulted in a small, but clinically unimportant reduction in hematocrit, whereas hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, platelet and leukocyte counts remained stable. 26243277 13 102 theme simulated 1851:1859 arg1 cardiopulmonary 1861:1875 simulated cardiopulmonary bypass 1851:1882 simulated cardiopulmonary bypass 1851:1882 CONCLUSION The ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass mimicked the clinical cardiosurgical setting. 26360838 0 0 theme dry 72:74 arg1 inhalers 83:90 dry powder inhalers 72:90 dry powder inhalers 72:90 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 4 1 theme Solid-state 464:474 arg1 spectroscopy 498:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy 464:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) 464:537 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 1 2 theme cyclic 144:149 arg1 HBCD 160:163 HBCD 160:163 HBCD 160:163 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 2 theme cyclic 144:149 arg1 dextrin 151:157 cyclic dextrin 144:157 highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) 128:164 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 5 3 theme X-ray 675:679 arg1 diffraction 681:691 Powder X-ray diffraction 668:691 Powder X-ray diffraction 668:691 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 6 4 theme particles 1080:1088 arg1 dose 1029:1032 the emitted dose 1017:1032 the emitted dose 1017:1032 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 4 theme particles 1080:1088 arg1 fraction 1052:1059 fine-particle fraction 1038:1059 fine-particle fraction 1038:1059 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 4 theme particles 1080:1088 arg1 % 1127:1127 95.7±1.7% 1119:1127 95.7±1.7% 1119:1127 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 1 5 theme dextrin 151:157 arg1 feasibility 113:123 the feasibility 109:123 the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) 109:164 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 5 theme dextrin 151:157 arg1 matrix 182:187 an excipient matrix 169:187 an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs) 169:217 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 7 6 theme molecules 1283:1291 arg1 association 1264:1274 molecular association 1254:1274 molecular association of API molecules with HBCD 1254:1301 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 5 7 theme differential 697:708 arg1 calorimetry 719:729 differential scanning calorimetry 697:729 differential scanning calorimetry 697:729 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 4 8 theme emission 489:496 arg1 spectroscopy 498:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy 464:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) 464:537 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 2 9 theme HBCD 242:245 arg1 particles 229:237 The fine particles 220:237 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 220:295 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 0 10 theme powder 76:81 arg1 inhalers 83:90 dry powder inhalers 72:90 dry powder inhalers 72:90 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 6 11 theme spray-dried 1068:1078 arg1 particles 1080:1088 the spray-dried particles 1064:1088 the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD 1064:1112 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 12 theme rifampicin 1093:1102 arg1 particles 1080:1088 the spray-dried particles 1064:1088 the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD 1064:1112 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 13 theme emitted 1021:1027 arg1 dose 1029:1032 the emitted dose 1017:1032 the emitted dose 1017:1032 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 13 theme emitted 1021:1027 arg1 % 1127:1127 95.7±1.7% 1119:1127 95.7±1.7% 1119:1127 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 14 theme administration 1001:1014 arg1 purpose 980:986 the purpose 976:986 the purpose of pulmonary administration 976:1014 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 3 15 theme HBCD 405:408 arg1 3.0μm 435:439 3.0μm 435:439 3.0μm 435:439 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 3 15 theme HBCD 405:408 arg1 size 385:388 The particle size 372:388 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself 372:415 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 6 16 with rifampicin 1093:1102 arg1 HBCD 1109:1112 HBCD 1109:1112 HBCD 1109:1112 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 3 17 theme particle 376:383 arg1 3.0μm 435:439 3.0μm 435:439 3.0μm 435:439 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 3 17 theme particle 376:383 arg1 size 385:388 The particle size 372:388 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself 372:415 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 2 18 theme fine 224:227 arg1 particles 229:237 The fine particles 220:237 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 220:295 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 5 19 theme fluorescence 834:845 arg1 measurements 847:858 the fluorescence measurements 830:858 the fluorescence measurements 830:858 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 5 20 theme spray-drying 784:795 arg1 1-NPA 861:865 spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA 784:865 spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA 784:865 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 4 21 with spray-dried 645:655 arg1 HBCD 662:665 HBCD 662:665 HBCD 662:665 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 2 22 theme ingredients 278:288 arg1 particles 229:237 The fine particles 220:237 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 220:295 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 6 23 theme fine-particle 1038:1050 arg1 fraction 1052:1059 fine-particle fraction 1038:1059 fine-particle fraction 1038:1059 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 2 24 theme pharmaceutical 263:276 arg1 APIs 291:294 APIs 291:294 APIs 291:294 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 2 24 theme pharmaceutical 263:276 arg1 ingredients 278:288 HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients 251:288 HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 251:295 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 2 25 theme ethanol-aqueous 330:344 arg1 solution 346:353 an ethanol-aqueous solution 327:353 an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD 327:369 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 0 26 theme branched 22:29 arg1 dextrin 38:44 highly branched cyclic dextrin 15:44 highly branched cyclic dextrin 15:44 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 5 27 theme Powder 668:673 arg1 diffraction 681:691 Powder X-ray diffraction 668:691 Powder X-ray diffraction 668:691 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 7 28 from excipient 1223:1231 arg1 DPIs 1236:1239 DPIs 1236:1239 DPIs 1236:1239 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 2 29 theme HBCD/active 251:261 arg1 APIs 291:294 APIs 291:294 APIs 291:294 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 2 29 theme HBCD/active 251:261 arg1 ingredients 278:288 HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients 251:288 HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 251:295 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 7 30 theme molecular 1254:1262 arg1 association 1264:1274 molecular association 1254:1274 molecular association of API molecules with HBCD 1254:1301 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 4 31 theme molecular 573:581 arg1 solution 600:607 a molecular dispersion/solid solution 571:607 a molecular dispersion/solid solution 571:607 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 1 32 theme excipient 172:180 arg1 feasibility 113:123 the feasibility 109:123 the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) 109:164 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 32 theme excipient 172:180 arg1 matrix 182:187 an excipient matrix 169:187 an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs) 169:217 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 0 33 theme dextrin 38:44 arg1 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 0:91 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 3 34 with 3.0μm 435:439 arg1 shape 457:461 a wrinkled shape 446:461 a wrinkled shape 446:461 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 7 35 theme fine 1328:1331 arg1 crystals 1333:1340 API fine crystals 1324:1340 API fine crystals 1324:1340 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 3 36 theme spray-dried 393:403 arg1 HBCD 405:408 spray-dried HBCD itself 393:415 spray-dried HBCD itself 393:415 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 4 37 theme model 617:621 arg1 spray-dried 645:655 spray-dried 645:655 spray-dried 645:655 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 4 37 theme model 617:621 arg1 compound 623:630 the model compound 613:630 the model compound of 1-NPA 613:639 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 0 38 theme cyclic 31:36 arg1 dextrin 38:44 highly branched cyclic dextrin 15:44 highly branched cyclic dextrin 15:44 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 4 39 theme 1-naphthoic 514:524 arg1 acid 526:529 1-naphthoic acid 514:529 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) 514:537 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 4 39 theme 1-naphthoic 514:524 arg1 1-NPA 532:536 1-NPA 532:536 1-NPA 532:536 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 5 40 theme amorphous 762:770 arg1 state 772:776 the amorphous state 758:776 the amorphous state 758:776 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 2 41 contain containing 355:364 arg2 HBCD 366:369 HBCD 366:369 HBCD 366:369 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 2 41 contain containing 355:364 arg1 solution 346:353 an ethanol-aqueous solution 327:353 an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD 327:369 The fine particles of HBCD and HBCD/active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were prepared by spray-drying an ethanol-aqueous solution containing HBCD. 26360838 7 42 theme API 1324:1326 arg1 crystals 1333:1340 API fine crystals 1324:1340 API fine crystals 1324:1340 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 1 43 from matrix 182:187 arg1 inhalers 203:210 dry powder inhalers 192:210 dry powder inhalers (DPIs) 192:217 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 43 from matrix 182:187 arg1 DPIs 213:216 DPIs 213:216 DPIs 213:216 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 7 44 theme high 1202:1205 arg1 potential 1207:1215 a high potential 1200:1215 a high potential as an excipient in DPIs 1200:1239 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 7 45 with association 1264:1274 arg1 HBCD 1298:1301 HBCD 1298:1301 HBCD 1298:1301 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 6 46 theme antimycobacterial 909:925 arg1 agent 927:931 the antimycobacterial agent 905:931 the antimycobacterial agent 905:931 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 6 46 theme antimycobacterial 909:925 arg1 rifampicin 934:943 rifampicin 934:943 rifampicin 934:943 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 7 47 theme API 1279:1281 arg1 molecules 1283:1291 API molecules 1279:1291 API molecules 1279:1291 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 4 48 dep solution 600:607 arg1 spray-dried 645:655 spray-dried 645:655 spray-dried 645:655 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 4 48 dep solution 600:607 arg1 compound 623:630 the model compound 613:630 the model compound of 1-NPA 613:639 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 0 49 from matrix 62:67 arg1 inhalers 83:90 dry powder inhalers 72:90 dry powder inhalers 72:90 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 4 50 theme acid 526:529 arg1 spectroscopy 498:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy 464:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) 464:537 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 4 51 theme 1-NPA 635:639 arg1 spray-dried 645:655 spray-dried 645:655 spray-dried 645:655 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 4 51 theme 1-NPA 635:639 arg1 compound 623:630 the model compound 613:630 the model compound of 1-NPA 613:639 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 6 52 theme pulmonary 991:999 arg1 administration 1001:1014 pulmonary administration 991:1014 pulmonary administration 991:1014 When the antimycobacterial agent, rifampicin, was spray-dried with HBCD for the purpose of pulmonary administration, the emitted dose and fine-particle fraction of the spray-dried particles of rifampicin with HBCD were 95.7±1.7% and 39.5±5.7%, respectively. 26360838 5 53 with spray-drying 784:795 arg1 HBCD 802:805 HBCD 802:805 HBCD 802:805 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 1 54 theme dry 192:194 arg1 inhalers 203:210 dry powder inhalers 192:210 dry powder inhalers (DPIs) 192:217 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 54 theme dry 192:194 arg1 DPIs 213:216 DPIs 213:216 DPIs 213:216 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 7 55 contain possessed 1190:1198 arg2 potential 1207:1215 a high potential 1200:1215 a high potential as an excipient in DPIs 1200:1239 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 7 55 contain possessed 1190:1198 arg1 HBCD 1185:1188 HBCD 1185:1188 HBCD 1185:1188 The results indicated that HBCD possessed a high potential as an excipient in DPIs, not only by molecular association of API molecules with HBCD, but also by that of API fine crystals. 26360838 3 56 theme wrinkled 448:455 arg1 shape 457:461 a wrinkled shape 446:461 a wrinkled shape 446:461 The particle size of spray-dried HBCD itself was approximately 3.0μm with a wrinkled shape. 26360838 1 57 theme powder 196:201 arg1 inhalers 203:210 dry powder inhalers 192:210 dry powder inhalers (DPIs) 192:217 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 57 theme powder 196:201 arg1 DPIs 213:216 DPIs 213:216 DPIs 213:216 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 5 58 theme scanning 710:717 arg1 calorimetry 719:729 differential scanning calorimetry 697:729 differential scanning calorimetry 697:729 Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that 1-NPA was in the amorphous state after spray-drying with HBCD, which is confirmed by the fluorescence measurements, 1-NPA could be incorporated into HBCD. 26360838 0 59 theme excipient 52:60 arg1 matrix 62:67 an excipient matrix 49:67 an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers 49:90 Feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers. 26360838 4 60 theme fluorescence 476:487 arg1 spectroscopy 498:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy 464:509 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) 464:537 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 26360838 1 61 theme branched 135:142 arg1 HBCD 160:163 HBCD 160:163 HBCD 160:163 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 1 61 theme branched 135:142 arg1 dextrin 151:157 cyclic dextrin 144:157 highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) 128:164 We investigated the feasibility of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) as an excipient matrix in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). 26360838 4 62 theme dispersion/solid 583:598 arg1 solution 600:607 a molecular dispersion/solid solution 571:607 a molecular dispersion/solid solution 571:607 Solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1-naphthoic acid (1-NPA) showed that it was dispersed in a molecular dispersion/solid solution, if the model compound of 1-NPA was spray-dried with HBCD. 28302396 2 0 used used 326:329 arg2 mixture 259:265 a mixture 257:265 a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) 257:319 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 2 0 used used 326:329 arg2 solvents 334:341 solvents 334:341 solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient 334:379 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 2 0 used used 326:329 arg2 Ethyl 239:243 Ethyl 239:243 Ethyl 239:243 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 9 1 theme calorimetry 1520:1530 arg1 thermograms 1532:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms 1498:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms 1498:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and infrared spectra revealed that there is neither interaction between rifampicin and the polymer nor degradation of rifampicin during co-precipitation. 28302396 2 2 theme acetate/dimethyl 276:291 arg1 sulfoxide 293:301 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 270:301 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) 270:319 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 3 3 theme ingredient 604:613 arg1 crystallinity 576:588 reduced crystallinity 568:588 reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient 568:613 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 4 4 theme solvent/CO2 717:727 arg1 ratio 735:739 solvent/CO2 molar ratio 717:739 solvent/CO2 molar ratio 717:739 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 0 5 theme Supercritical 0:12 arg1 co-precipitation 26:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation 0:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose 0:75 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose. 28302396 4 6 theme ratio 735:739 arg1 effect 707:712 The effect 703:712 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 703:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 4 7 from effect 707:712 arg1 loading 812:818 drug loading 807:818 drug loading 807:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 4 7 from effect 707:712 arg1 co-precipitates 776:790 the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 772:818 the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 772:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 4 7 from effect 707:712 arg1 morphology 792:801 morphology 792:801 morphology 792:801 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 5 8 theme drug 950:953 arg1 loading 955:961 drug loading 950:961 drug loading 950:961 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 6 9 theme formulations 1221:1232 arg1 morphology 1174:1183 morphology 1174:1183 morphology 1174:1183 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 6 9 theme formulations 1221:1232 arg1 yield 1208:1212 drug precipitation yield 1189:1212 drug precipitation yield 1189:1212 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 10 10 theme stress 1721:1726 arg1 tests 1728:1732 stability stress tests 1711:1732 stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates 1711:1755 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 8 11 dep ratio 1435:1439 arg1 to 1424:1425 to 1424:1425 to 1424:1425 It was demonstrated that the drug to polymer ratio influenced amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates. 28302396 12 12 theme rifampicin 2105:2114 arg1 delivery 2116:2123 rifampicin delivery 2105:2123 rifampicin delivery 2105:2123 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide demonstrates that this strategy can be successful for controlling rifampicin delivery. 28302396 2 13 theme sulfoxide 293:301 arg1 Ethyl 239:243 Ethyl 239:243 Ethyl 239:243 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 2 13 theme sulfoxide 293:301 arg1 solvents 334:341 solvents 334:341 solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient 334:379 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 2 13 theme sulfoxide 293:301 arg1 mixture 259:265 a mixture 257:265 a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) 257:319 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 5 14 dep 38.5 1017:1020 arg1 to 1014:1015 to 1014:1015 to 1014:1015 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 2 15 theme ethyl 270:274 arg1 sulfoxide 293:301 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 270:301 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) 270:319 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 1 16 theme ethyl 185:189 arg1 cellulose 191:199 ethyl cellulose 185:199 ethyl cellulose 185:199 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 4 17 theme polymer/drug 745:756 arg1 ratio 763:767 polymer/drug mass ratio 745:767 polymer/drug mass ratio 745:767 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 11 18 theme SAS 1867:1869 arg1 co-precipitates 1871:1885 SAS co-precipitates 1867:1885 SAS co-precipitates 1867:1885 SAS co-precipitates were X-ray amorphous and remained stable after 6months of storage. 28302396 4 19 theme ratio 763:767 arg1 effect 707:712 The effect 703:712 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 703:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 7 20 theme rifampicin 1301:1310 arg1 profile 1290:1296 the release profile 1278:1296 the release profile of rifampicin 1278:1310 In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release profile of rifampicin was sustained when co-precipitation was carried out with the solvent mixture. 28302396 1 21 theme encapsulating 214:226 arg1 excipient 228:236 polymeric encapsulating excipient 204:236 polymeric encapsulating excipient 204:236 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 8 22 theme polymer 1427:1433 arg1 ratio 1435:1439 the drug to polymer ratio 1415:1439 the drug to polymer ratio 1415:1439 It was demonstrated that the drug to polymer ratio influenced amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates. 28302396 5 23 with co-precipitates 865:879 arg1 sizes 895:899 particle sizes 886:899 particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm 886:929 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 1 24 theme Rifampicin-loaded 78:94 arg1 particles 112:120 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles 78:120 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles 78:120 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 3 25 theme ethyl 387:391 arg1 acetate 393:399 ethyl acetate 387:399 ethyl acetate 387:399 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 3 26 theme ethyl 484:488 arg1 matrix 500:505 the ethyl cellulose matrix 480:505 the ethyl cellulose matrix 480:505 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 6 27 theme initial 1139:1145 arg1 concentrations 1152:1165 the initial drug concentrations 1135:1165 the initial drug concentrations 1135:1165 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 4 28 theme drug 807:810 arg1 loading 812:818 drug loading 807:818 drug loading 807:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 4 28 theme drug 807:810 arg1 co-precipitates 776:790 the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 772:818 the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 772:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 10 29 theme 75 1777:1778 arg1 % 1779:1779 % 1779:1779 % 1779:1779 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 5 30 theme particle 886:893 arg1 sizes 895:899 particle sizes 886:899 particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm 886:929 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 4 31 dep co-precipitates 776:790 arg1 loading 812:818 drug loading 807:818 drug loading 807:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 4 31 dep co-precipitates 776:790 arg1 co-precipitates 776:790 the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 772:818 the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading 772:818 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 4 31 dep co-precipitates 776:790 arg1 morphology 792:801 morphology 792:801 morphology 792:801 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 12 32 theme acetate/dimethyl 2012:2027 arg1 sulfoxide 2029:2037 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 2006:2037 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 2006:2037 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide demonstrates that this strategy can be successful for controlling rifampicin delivery. 28302396 7 33 theme dissolution 1244:1254 arg1 studies 1256:1262 In vitro dissolution studies 1235:1262 In vitro dissolution studies 1235:1262 In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release profile of rifampicin was sustained when co-precipitation was carried out with the solvent mixture. 28302396 1 34 theme supercritical 144:156 arg1 process 171:177 supercritical anti-solvent process 144:177 supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient 144:236 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 6 35 theme solvent 1116:1122 arg1 nature 1124:1129 the solvent nature 1112:1129 the solvent nature 1112:1129 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 8 36 theme co-precipitates 1481:1495 arg1 content 1462:1468 amorphous content 1452:1468 amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates 1452:1495 It was demonstrated that the drug to polymer ratio influenced amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates. 28302396 0 37 theme rifampicin 46:55 arg1 co-precipitation 26:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation 0:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose 0:75 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose. 28302396 7 38 theme In 1235:1236 arg1 studies 1256:1262 In vitro dissolution studies 1235:1262 In vitro dissolution studies 1235:1262 In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release profile of rifampicin was sustained when co-precipitation was carried out with the solvent mixture. 28302396 3 39 theme acetate/dimethyl 532:547 arg1 mixture 559:565 the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture 522:565 the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture 522:565 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 0 40 theme ethyl 61:65 arg1 cellulose 67:75 ethyl cellulose 61:75 ethyl cellulose 61:75 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose. 28302396 12 41 theme co-precipitation 1962:1977 arg1 process 1979:1985 The SAS co-precipitation process 1954:1985 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 1954:2037 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide demonstrates that this strategy can be successful for controlling rifampicin delivery. 28302396 7 42 theme solvent 1373:1379 arg1 mixture 1381:1387 the solvent mixture 1369:1387 the solvent mixture 1369:1387 In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release profile of rifampicin was sustained when co-precipitation was carried out with the solvent mixture. 28302396 6 43 theme drug 1189:1192 arg1 yield 1208:1212 drug precipitation yield 1189:1212 drug precipitation yield 1189:1212 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 3 44 theme reduced 568:574 arg1 crystallinity 576:588 reduced crystallinity 568:588 reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient 568:613 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 10 45 from tests 1728:1732 arg1 co-precipitates 1741:1755 SAS co-precipitates 1737:1755 SAS co-precipitates 1737:1755 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 5 46 theme cellulose/rifampicin 1066:1085 arg1 ratio 1087:1091 the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio 1056:1091 the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio 1056:1091 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 10 47 theme physical 1847:1854 arg1 stability 1856:1864 their physical stability 1841:1864 their physical stability 1841:1864 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 9 48 theme scanning 1511:1518 arg1 thermograms 1532:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms 1498:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms 1498:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and infrared spectra revealed that there is neither interaction between rifampicin and the polymer nor degradation of rifampicin during co-precipitation. 28302396 10 49 theme stability 1711:1719 arg1 tests 1728:1732 stability stress tests 1711:1732 stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates 1711:1755 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 3 50 theme active 597:602 arg1 ingredient 604:613 the active ingredient 593:613 the active ingredient 593:613 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 5 51 theme drug 967:970 arg1 yield 986:990 drug precipitation yield 967:990 drug precipitation yield 967:990 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 2 52 dep Ethyl 239:243 arg1 acetate 245:251 acetate 245:251 acetate 245:251 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 9 53 theme infrared 1548:1555 arg1 spectra 1557:1563 infrared spectra 1548:1563 infrared spectra 1548:1563 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and infrared spectra revealed that there is neither interaction between rifampicin and the polymer nor degradation of rifampicin during co-precipitation. 28302396 10 54 theme SAS 1737:1739 arg1 co-precipitates 1741:1755 SAS co-precipitates 1737:1755 SAS co-precipitates 1737:1755 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 4 55 theme molar 729:733 arg1 ratio 735:739 solvent/CO2 molar ratio 717:739 solvent/CO2 molar ratio 717:739 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 11 56 theme storage 1945:1951 arg1 6months 1934:1940 6months 1934:1940 6months of storage 1934:1951 SAS co-precipitates were X-ray amorphous and remained stable after 6months of storage. 28302396 5 57 theme precipitation 972:984 arg1 yield 986:990 drug precipitation yield 967:990 drug precipitation yield 967:990 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 2 58 dep sulfoxide 293:301 arg1 85/15 314:318 85/15 314:318 85/15 314:318 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 2 58 dep sulfoxide 293:301 arg1 70/30 304:308 70/30 304:308 70/30 304:308 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 3 59 theme simultaneous 634:645 arg1 precipitation 647:659 a simultaneous precipitation 632:659 a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug 632:687 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 1 60 theme anti-solvent 158:169 arg1 process 171:177 supercritical anti-solvent process 144:177 supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient 144:236 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 3 61 theme drug 684:687 arg1 precipitation 647:659 a simultaneous precipitation 632:659 a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug 632:687 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 12 62 theme SAS 1958:1960 arg1 process 1979:1985 The SAS co-precipitation process 1954:1985 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 1954:2037 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide demonstrates that this strategy can be successful for controlling rifampicin delivery. 28302396 5 63 dep 77.2 1034:1037 arg1 to 1031:1032 to 1031:1032 to 1031:1032 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 3 64 theme cellulose 670:678 arg1 precipitation 647:659 a simultaneous precipitation 632:659 a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug 632:687 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 1 65 theme polymeric 204:212 arg1 excipient 228:236 polymeric encapsulating excipient 204:236 polymeric encapsulating excipient 204:236 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 4 66 theme mass 758:761 arg1 ratio 763:767 polymer/drug mass ratio 745:767 polymer/drug mass ratio 745:767 The effect of solvent/CO2 molar ratio and polymer/drug mass ratio on the co-precipitates morphology and drug loading was investigated. 28302396 7 67 theme release 1282:1288 arg1 profile 1290:1296 the release profile 1278:1296 the release profile of rifampicin 1278:1310 In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release profile of rifampicin was sustained when co-precipitation was carried out with the solvent mixture. 28302396 9 68 theme rifampicin 1662:1671 arg1 degradation 1647:1657 degradation 1647:1657 degradation of rifampicin during co-precipitation 1647:1695 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and infrared spectra revealed that there is neither interaction between rifampicin and the polymer nor degradation of rifampicin during co-precipitation. 28302396 3 69 theme ethyl 526:530 arg1 mixture 559:565 the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture 522:565 the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture 522:565 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 1 70 theme submicron-sized 96:110 arg1 particles 112:120 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles 78:120 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles 78:120 Rifampicin-loaded submicron-sized particles were prepared through supercritical anti-solvent process using ethyl cellulose as polymeric encapsulating excipient. 28302396 6 71 theme drug 1147:1150 arg1 concentrations 1152:1165 the initial drug concentrations 1135:1165 the initial drug concentrations 1135:1165 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 10 72 theme % 1779:1779 arg1 humidity 1790:1797 75% relative humidity 1777:1797 75% relative humidity 1777:1797 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 0 73 theme antisolvent 14:24 arg1 co-precipitation 26:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation 0:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose 0:75 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose. 28302396 3 74 used used 405:408 arg2 acetate 393:399 ethyl acetate 387:399 ethyl acetate 387:399 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 7 75 dep In 1235:1236 arg1 vitro 1238:1242 vitro 1238:1242 vitro 1238:1242 In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the release profile of rifampicin was sustained when co-precipitation was carried out with the solvent mixture. 28302396 8 76 theme amorphous 1452:1460 arg1 content 1462:1468 amorphous content 1452:1468 amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates 1452:1495 It was demonstrated that the drug to polymer ratio influenced amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates. 28302396 12 77 theme ethyl 2006:2010 arg1 sulfoxide 2029:2037 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 2006:2037 ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 2006:2037 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide demonstrates that this strategy can be successful for controlling rifampicin delivery. 28302396 10 78 theme room 1803:1806 arg1 temperature 1808:1818 room temperature 1803:1818 room temperature 1803:1818 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 5 79 theme solvent 848:854 arg1 mixture 856:862 the solvent mixture 844:862 the solvent mixture 844:862 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 12 80 theme sulfoxide 2029:2037 arg1 mixture 1995:2001 a mixture 1993:2001 a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide 1993:2037 The SAS co-precipitation process using a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide demonstrates that this strategy can be successful for controlling rifampicin delivery. 28302396 10 81 theme relative 1781:1788 arg1 humidity 1790:1797 75% relative humidity 1777:1797 75% relative humidity 1777:1797 In addition, stability stress tests on SAS co-precipitates were carried out at 75% relative humidity and room temperature in order to evaluate their physical stability. 28302396 8 82 theme SAS 1477:1479 arg1 co-precipitates 1481:1495 the SAS co-precipitates 1473:1495 the SAS co-precipitates 1473:1495 It was demonstrated that the drug to polymer ratio influenced amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates. 28302396 0 83 theme cellulose 67:75 arg1 co-precipitation 26:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation 0:41 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose 0:75 Supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation of rifampicin and ethyl cellulose. 28302396 3 84 theme sulfoxide 549:557 arg1 mixture 559:565 the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture 522:565 the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture 522:565 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 3 85 theme ethyl 664:668 arg1 cellulose 670:678 ethyl cellulose 664:678 ethyl cellulose 664:678 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 6 86 theme precipitation 1194:1206 arg1 yield 1208:1212 drug precipitation yield 1189:1212 drug precipitation yield 1189:1212 Results show that the solvent nature and the initial drug concentrations affect morphology and drug precipitation yield of the formulations. 28302396 2 87 theme polymeric 361:369 arg1 excipient 371:379 polymeric excipient 361:379 polymeric excipient 361:379 Ethyl acetate and a mixture of ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (70/30 and 85/15) were used as solvents for both drug and polymeric excipient. 28302396 8 88 theme drug 1419:1422 arg1 ratio 1435:1439 the drug to polymer ratio 1415:1439 the drug to polymer ratio 1415:1439 It was demonstrated that the drug to polymer ratio influenced amorphous content of the SAS co-precipitates. 28302396 5 89 theme ethyl 1060:1064 arg1 ratio 1087:1091 the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio 1056:1091 the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio 1056:1091 Using the solvent mixture, co-precipitates with particle sizes ranging between 190 and 230nm were obtained with drug loading and drug precipitation yield from respectively 8.5 to 38.5 and 42.4 to 77.2% when decreasing the ethyl cellulose/rifampicin ratio. 28302396 3 90 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 matrix 500:505 the ethyl cellulose matrix 480:505 the ethyl cellulose matrix 480:505 When ethyl acetate was used, rifampicin was crystallized separately without being embedded within the ethyl cellulose matrix while by using the ethyl acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture, reduced crystallinity of the active ingredient was observed and a simultaneous precipitation of ethyl cellulose and drug was achieved. 28302396 9 91 theme Differential 1498:1509 arg1 thermograms 1532:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms 1498:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms 1498:1542 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and infrared spectra revealed that there is neither interaction between rifampicin and the polymer nor degradation of rifampicin during co-precipitation. 28392386 7 0 theme SEM 1069:1071 arg1 imaging 1073:1079 SEM imaging 1069:1079 SEM imaging 1069:1079 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 3 1 from incubation 447:456 arg1 solution 510:517 a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution 481:517 a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time 481:536 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 3 2 theme fluid 498:502 arg1 solution 510:517 a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution 481:517 a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time 481:536 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 7 3 theme laser 1032:1036 arg1 CLSM 1059:1062 CLSM 1059:1062 CLSM 1059:1062 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 3 theme laser 1032:1036 arg1 microscopy 1047:1056 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1023:1056 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 1023:1063 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 4 from surface 1165:1171 arg1 performance 1097:1107 a good performance 1090:1107 a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1090:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 5 5 theme good 857:860 arg1 compatibility 867:879 good cell compatibility 857:879 good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells 857:898 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 1 6 theme self-assembly 255:267 arg1 technique 269:277 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 234:277 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 234:277 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 7 7 theme MC3T3-E1 1143:1150 arg1 cells 1152:1156 MC3T3-E1 cells 1143:1156 MC3T3-E1 cells 1143:1156 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 8 from performance 1097:1107 arg1 surface 1165:1171 the surface 1161:1171 the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1161:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 2 9 theme LBL 300:302 arg1 films 304:308 the LBL films 296:308 the LBL films coating mats 296:321 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 28392386 4 10 theme deposited 704:712 arg1 phase 722:726 the deposited mineral phase 700:726 the deposited mineral phase 700:726 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 7 11 theme cells 1152:1156 arg1 spreading 1130:1138 spreading 1130:1138 spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1130:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 11 theme cells 1152:1156 arg1 adhesion 1117:1124 cell adhesion 1112:1124 cell adhesion 1112:1124 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 3 12 dep in 388:389 arg1 vitro 391:395 vitro 391:395 vitro 391:395 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 7 13 theme scaffold 1189:1196 arg1 surface 1165:1171 the surface 1161:1171 the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1161:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 4 14 theme phase 722:726 arg1 morphology 672:681 morphology 672:681 morphology 672:681 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 14 theme phase 722:726 arg1 structure 687:695 structure 687:695 structure 687:695 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 5 15 theme MC3T3-E1 885:892 arg1 cells 894:898 MC3T3-E1 cells 885:898 MC3T3-E1 cells 885:898 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 7 16 theme spreading 1130:1138 arg1 performance 1097:1107 a good performance 1090:1107 a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1090:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 3 17 theme simulated 483:491 arg1 SBF 505:507 SBF 505:507 SBF 505:507 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 3 17 theme simulated 483:491 arg1 fluid 498:502 simulated body fluid 483:502 a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time 481:536 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 3 18 theme mats 473:476 arg1 incubation 447:456 incubation 447:456 incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time 447:536 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 8 19 theme nanofibrous 1208:1218 arg1 mats 1220:1223 So CS/PV nanofibrous mats 1199:1223 So CS/PV nanofibrous mats 1199:1223 So CS/PV nanofibrous mats were satisfactory for the composite to be used in bioapplications. 28392386 7 20 from adhesion 1117:1124 arg1 surface 1165:1171 the surface 1161:1171 the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1161:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 4 21 theme X-ray 575:579 arg1 XPS 609:611 XPS 609:611 XPS 609:611 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 21 theme X-ray 575:579 arg1 spectroscopy 595:606 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 575:606 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 575:612 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 7 22 theme adhesion 1117:1124 arg1 performance 1097:1107 a good performance 1090:1107 a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1090:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 4 23 theme electron 548:555 arg1 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 23 theme electron 548:555 arg1 microscopy 557:566 Scanning electron microscopy 539:566 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 7 24 theme scanning 1038:1045 arg1 CLSM 1059:1062 CLSM 1059:1062 CLSM 1059:1062 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 24 theme scanning 1038:1045 arg1 microscopy 1047:1056 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1023:1056 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 1023:1063 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 1 25 theme charged 106:112 arg1 phosvitin 114:122 negatively charged phosvitin 95:122 negatively charged phosvitin (PV) 95:127 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 1 25 theme charged 106:112 arg1 PV 125:126 PV 125:126 PV 125:126 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 5 26 theme LBL 828:830 arg1 films 843:847 the LBL structured films 824:847 the LBL structured films 824:847 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 3 27 theme in 388:389 arg1 mineralization 408:421 in vitro biomimetic mineralization 388:421 in vitro biomimetic mineralization 388:421 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 4 28 theme Scanning 539:546 arg1 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 28 theme Scanning 539:546 arg1 microscopy 557:566 Scanning electron microscopy 539:566 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 8 29 theme CS/PV 1202:1206 arg1 mats 1220:1223 So CS/PV nanofibrous mats 1199:1223 So CS/PV nanofibrous mats 1199:1223 So CS/PV nanofibrous mats were satisfactory for the composite to be used in bioapplications. 28392386 5 30 theme structured 832:841 arg1 films 843:847 the LBL structured films 824:847 the LBL structured films 824:847 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 5 31 theme culture 768:774 arg1 experiment 776:785 the cell culture experiment 759:785 the cell culture experiment 759:785 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 5 32 theme cell 763:766 arg1 experiment 776:785 the cell culture experiment 759:785 the cell culture experiment 759:785 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 7 33 theme Confocal 1023:1030 arg1 CLSM 1059:1062 CLSM 1059:1062 CLSM 1059:1062 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 33 theme Confocal 1023:1030 arg1 microscopy 1047:1056 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1023:1056 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 1023:1063 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 4 34 used used 647:650 arg2 spectroscopy 595:606 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 575:606 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 575:612 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 34 used used 647:650 arg2 diffraction 624:634 X-ray diffraction 618:634 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 618:640 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 34 used used 647:650 arg2 XRD 637:639 XRD 637:639 XRD 637:639 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 34 used used 647:650 arg2 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 34 used used 647:650 arg2 microscopy 557:566 Scanning electron microscopy 539:566 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 34 used used 647:650 arg2 XPS 609:611 XPS 609:611 XPS 609:611 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 35 theme mineral 714:720 arg1 phase 722:726 the deposited mineral phase 700:726 the deposited mineral phase 700:726 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 3 36 theme fibrous 465:471 arg1 mats 473:476 the fibrous mats 461:476 the fibrous mats 461:476 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 0 37 theme nanofibrous 36:46 arg1 scaffold 48:55 nanofibrous scaffold 36:55 nanofibrous scaffold for biomineralization 36:77 Phosphoprotein/chitosan electrospun nanofibrous scaffold for biomineralization. 28392386 6 38 theme cell 915:918 arg1 proliferation 920:932 the cell proliferation 911:932 the cell proliferation 911:932 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 5 39 with scaffolds 809:817 arg1 films 843:847 the LBL structured films 824:847 the LBL structured films 824:847 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 7 40 from spreading 1130:1138 arg1 surface 1165:1171 the surface 1161:1171 the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1161:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 2 41 theme films 304:308 arg1 Morphologies 280:291 Morphologies 280:291 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats 280:321 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 28392386 1 42 theme charged 207:213 arg1 mats 225:228 negatively charged cellulose mats 196:228 negatively charged cellulose mats 196:228 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 7 43 theme good 1092:1095 arg1 performance 1097:1107 a good performance 1090:1107 a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold 1090:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 3 44 theme body 493:496 arg1 SBF 505:507 SBF 505:507 SBF 505:507 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 3 44 theme body 493:496 arg1 fluid 498:502 simulated body fluid 483:502 a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time 481:536 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 4 45 theme X-ray 618:622 arg1 XRD 637:639 XRD 637:639 XRD 637:639 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 45 theme X-ray 618:622 arg1 diffraction 624:634 X-ray diffraction 618:634 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 618:640 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 6 46 theme layer 1016:1020 arg1 number 954:959 the number 950:959 the number of deposition layers 950:980 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 6 46 theme layer 1016:1020 arg1 composition 990:1000 the composition 986:1000 the composition of outer-most layer 986:1020 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 1 47 theme cellulose 215:223 arg1 mats 225:228 negatively charged cellulose mats 196:228 negatively charged cellulose mats 196:228 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 2 48 theme electron 349:356 arg1 SEM 370:372 SEM 370:372 SEM 370:372 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 28392386 2 48 theme electron 349:356 arg1 microscope 358:367 scanning electron microscope 340:367 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 340:373 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 28392386 3 49 theme biomimetic 397:406 arg1 mineralization 408:421 in vitro biomimetic mineralization 388:421 in vitro biomimetic mineralization 388:421 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 2 50 theme scanning 340:347 arg1 SEM 370:372 SEM 370:372 SEM 370:372 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 28392386 2 50 theme scanning 340:347 arg1 microscope 358:367 scanning electron microscope 340:367 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 340:373 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 28392386 4 51 from structure 687:695 arg1 scaffolds 735:743 the scaffolds 731:743 the scaffolds 731:743 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 6 52 theme layers 975:980 arg1 number 954:959 the number 950:959 the number of deposition layers 950:980 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 6 52 theme layers 975:980 arg1 composition 990:1000 the composition 986:1000 the composition of outer-most layer 986:1020 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 4 53 dep morphology 672:681 arg1 the 668:670 the 668:670 the 668:670 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 54 theme photoelectron 581:593 arg1 XPS 609:611 XPS 609:611 XPS 609:611 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 4 54 theme photoelectron 581:593 arg1 spectroscopy 595:606 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 575:606 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 575:612 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 5 55 theme cell 862:865 arg1 compatibility 867:879 good cell compatibility 857:879 good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells 857:898 In addition, the cell culture experiment demonstrated that the scaffolds with the LBL structured films were of good cell compatibility for MC3T3-E1 cells. 28392386 3 56 theme different 523:531 arg1 time 533:536 different time 523:536 different time 523:536 Afterwards, in vitro biomimetic mineralization was carried out through incubation of the fibrous mats in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time. 28392386 1 57 theme charged 144:150 arg1 CS 162:163 CS 162:163 CS 162:163 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 1 57 theme charged 144:150 arg1 chitosan 152:159 positively charged chitosan 133:159 positively charged chitosan (CS) 133:164 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 4 58 from morphology 672:681 arg1 scaffolds 735:743 the scaffolds 731:743 the scaffolds 731:743 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. 28392386 1 59 theme layer-by-layer 234:247 arg1 technique 269:277 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 234:277 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 234:277 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 28392386 6 60 theme outer-most 1005:1014 arg1 layer 1016:1020 outer-most layer 1005:1020 outer-most layer 1005:1020 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 6 61 theme deposition 964:973 arg1 layers 975:980 deposition layers 964:980 deposition layers 964:980 Moreover, the cell proliferation was affected by the number of deposition layers and the composition of outer-most layer. 28392386 7 62 theme cell 1112:1115 arg1 adhesion 1117:1124 cell adhesion 1112:1124 cell adhesion 1112:1124 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 7 63 theme biocomposite 1176:1187 arg1 scaffold 1189:1196 biocomposite scaffold 1176:1196 biocomposite scaffold 1176:1196 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging revealed a good performance of cell adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of biocomposite scaffold. 28392386 1 64 theme LBL 250:252 arg1 technique 269:277 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 234:277 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 234:277 In this study, negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 25688146 0 0 theme coronary 157:164 arg1 syndrome 166:173 acute coronary syndrome 151:173 acute coronary syndrome 151:173 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 1 1 theme application 249:259 arg1 measurement 230:240 the measurement 226:240 the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications 226:294 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 6 2 dep % 1473:1473 arg1 % 1494:1494 95% 1492:1494 95% confidence interval 1492:1514 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 2 dep % 1473:1473 arg1 increment 1475:1483 increment 1475:1483 odds ratio-10% increment 1460:1483 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 2 dep % 1473:1473 arg1 0.83-0.98 1517:1525 0.83-0.98 1517:1525 0.83-0.98 1517:1525 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 2 dep % 1473:1473 arg1 0.90 1486:1489 0.90 1486:1489 0.90 1486:1489 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 8 3 theme interval 2066:2073 arg1 % 2053:2053 95% 2051:2053 95% confidence interval 2051:2073 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 4 4 theme 75th 1123:1126 arg1 25th 1117:1120 25th 1117:1120 25th 1117:1120 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 4 theme 75th 1123:1126 arg1 percentile 1128:1137 75th percentile 1123:1137 75th percentile 1123:1137 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 10 5 theme broader 2352:2358 arg1 metrics 2360:2366 broader metrics 2352:2366 broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety 2352:2446 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 8 6 with comparison 1658:1667 arg1 metrics 1736:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 6 with comparison 1658:1667 arg1 hospitals 1674:1682 hospitals 1674:1682 hospitals 1674:1682 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 6 with comparison 1658:1667 arg1 adherence 1693:1701 low adherence 1689:1701 low adherence 1689:1701 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 3 7 theme treated 804:810 arg1 patients 812:819 treated patients 804:819 treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 804:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 8 8 theme high 1783:1786 arg1 adherence 1818:1826 low adherence 1814:1826 low adherence 1814:1826 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 8 theme high 1783:1786 arg1 safety 1837:1842 high safety 1832:1842 high safety 1832:1842 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 8 theme high 1783:1786 arg1 metrics 1774:1780 mixed performance metrics 1756:1780 mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) 1756:1843 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 8 theme high 1783:1786 arg1 adherence 1788:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 10 9 theme Guideline 2192:2200 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2180:2190 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety 2180:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety 2180:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 10 9 theme Guideline 2192:2200 arg1 adherence 2202:2210 Guideline adherence 2192:2210 Guideline adherence 2192:2210 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 4 10 dep adherence 1015:1023 arg1 median 1026:1031 median 1026:1031 median 1026:1031 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 1 11 theme BACKGROUND 176:185 arg1 metrics 199:205 BACKGROUND Performance metrics 176:205 BACKGROUND Performance metrics 176:205 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 6 12 dep Risk-adjusted 1285:1297 arg1 in-hospital 1299:1309 in-hospital 1299:1309 in-hospital 1299:1309 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 9 13 theme lower 2119:2123 arg1 rates 2134:2138 lower bleeding rates 2119:2138 lower bleeding rates 2119:2138 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 3 14 theme recommended 830:840 arg1 dose 842:845 the recommended dose 826:845 the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 826:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 2 15 theme coronary 602:609 arg1 syndromes 611:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 3 16 gly glycoprotein 864:875 arg1 glycoprotein 864:875 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist 862:895 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 862:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 10 17 theme guideline-based 2416:2430 arg1 care 2432:2435 guideline-based care 2416:2435 guideline-based care 2416:2435 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 8 18 theme low 1814:1816 arg1 adherence 1818:1826 low adherence 1814:1826 low adherence 1814:1826 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 18 theme low 1814:1816 arg1 adherence 1788:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 2 19 theme elevation 586:594 arg1 syndromes 611:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 88 1066:1067 88 1066:1067 88 1066:1067 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 percentile 1128:1137 75th percentile 1123:1137 75th percentile 1123:1137 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 % 1147:1147 60% 1145:1147 60% 1145:1147 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 percentile 1050:1059 75th percentile 1045:1059 75th percentile 1045:1059 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 % 1036:1036 85% 1034:1036 85% 1034:1036 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 % 1114:1114 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53% 1062:1114 % 1114:1114 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 % 1142:1142 45% 1140:1142 45% 1140:1142 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 25th 1039:1042 25th 1039:1042 25th 1039:1042 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 20 dep median 1026:1031 arg1 25th 1117:1120 25th 1117:1120 25th 1117:1120 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 8 21 dep adjusted 2008:2015 arg1 risk 2003:2006 lowest risk 1996:2006 lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01) 1996:2085 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 21 dep adjusted 2008:2015 arg1 ratio 2039:2043 odds ratio 0.83 2034:2048 odds ratio 0.83 2034:2048 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 7 22 theme interval 1633:1640 arg1 % 1620:1620 95% 1618:1620 95% confidence interval 1618:1640 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 10 23 theme independent 2250:2260 arg1 information 2280:2290 independent and complementary information 2250:2290 independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality 2250:2325 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 10 24 from information 2280:2290 arg1 hospital 2295:2302 hospital bleeding and mortality 2295:2325 hospital 2295:2302 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 10 24 from information 2280:2290 arg1 mortality 2317:2325 mortality 2317:2325 mortality 2317:2325 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 0 25 theme right 42:46 arg1 way 48:50 the right way 38:50 the right way 38:50 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 7 26 dep related 1550:1556 arg1 odds 1586:1589 adjusted odds 1577:1589 adjusted odds 1577:1589 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 9 27 theme high 2103:2106 arg1 safety 2108:2113 high safety 2103:2113 high safety 2103:2113 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 2 28 theme Early 500:504 arg1 Implementation 506:519 Early Implementation 500:519 Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 500:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 5 29 theme safety 1227:1232 arg1 metrics 1234:1240 hospital composite adherence and safety metrics 1194:1240 hospital composite adherence and safety metrics 1194:1240 Correlation between hospital composite adherence and safety metrics was significant but low (r=0.16, P=0.008). 25688146 3 30 theme antagonist 886:895 arg1 dose 842:845 the recommended dose 826:845 the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 826:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 1 31 theme drugs 348:352 arg1 dosing 332:337 the appropriate dosing 316:337 the appropriate dosing of these drugs 316:352 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 8 32 theme safety 1707:1712 arg1 metrics 1736:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 33 theme mixed 1756:1760 arg1 safety 1806:1811 low safety 1802:1811 low safety 1802:1811 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 33 theme mixed 1756:1760 arg1 metrics 1774:1780 mixed performance metrics 1756:1780 mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) 1756:1843 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 33 theme mixed 1756:1760 arg1 adherence 1788:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 4 34 theme guideline 1005:1013 arg1 adherence 1015:1023 composite guideline adherence 995:1023 composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) 995:1148 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 8 35 contain had 1980:1982 arg2 trend 1986:1990 a trend 1984:1990 a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01) 1984:2085 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 35 contain had 1980:1982 arg1 hospitals 1901:1909 hospitals 1901:1909 hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) 1901:1978 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 3 36 theme glycoprotein 864:875 arg1 safety 898:903 safety 898:903 safety 898:903 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 36 theme glycoprotein 864:875 arg1 antagonist 886:895 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist 862:895 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 862:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 8 37 theme risk-adjusted 1862:1874 arg1 rates 1886:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 6 38 dep related 1335:1341 arg1 % 1473:1473 odds ratio-10% 1460:1473 odds ratio-10% increment 1460:1483 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 8 39 theme ≤median 1715:1721 arg1 metrics 1736:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 2 40 theme ACC/AHA 528:534 arg1 CRUSADE 548:554 CRUSADE 548:554 CRUSADE 548:554 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 2 40 theme ACC/AHA 528:534 arg1 Guidelines 536:545 ACC/AHA Guidelines 528:545 the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry 524:564 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 3 41 from variability 644:654 arg1 use 673:675 the composite use 659:675 the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 659:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 9 42 theme bleeding 2125:2132 arg1 rates 2134:2138 lower bleeding rates 2119:2138 lower bleeding rates 2119:2138 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 0 43 theme guideline 82:90 arg1 adherence 92:100 hospital guideline adherence 73:100 hospital guideline adherence 73:100 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 10 44 dep hospital 2295:2302 arg1 bleeding 2304:2311 bleeding 2304:2311 bleeding 2304:2311 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 3 45 with proportion 790:799 arg1 bleeding 972:979 bleeding 972:979 bleeding 972:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 45 with proportion 790:799 arg1 mortality 958:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 46 theme in-hospital 946:956 arg1 mortality 958:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 2 47 theme Angina 453:458 arg1 Patients 460:467 Unstable Angina Patients 444:467 Unstable Angina Patients 444:467 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 8 48 from performance 1930:1940 arg1 performance 1967:1977 >median performance 1959:1977 >median performance 1959:1977 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 48 from performance 1930:1940 arg1 metrics 1950:1956 both metrics 1945:1956 both metrics (>median performance) 1945:1978 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 9 49 contain had 2115:2117 arg1 Hospitals 2088:2096 Hospitals 2088:2096 Hospitals with high safety 2088:2113 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 9 49 contain had 2115:2117 arg2 rates 2134:2138 lower bleeding rates 2119:2138 lower bleeding rates 2119:2138 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 8 50 theme low 1802:1804 arg1 safety 1806:1811 low safety 1802:1811 low safety 1802:1811 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 50 theme low 1802:1804 arg1 metrics 1774:1780 mixed performance metrics 1756:1780 mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) 1756:1843 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 3 51 dep Association 726:736 arg1 therapies 760:768 guideline-recommended therapies 738:768 guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) 738:780 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 51 dep Association 726:736 arg1 adherence 771:779 adherence 771:779 adherence 771:779 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 2 52 theme Risk 421:424 arg1 Stratification 426:439 Rapid Risk Stratification 415:439 Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients 415:467 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 0 53 theme right 10:14 arg1 things 16:21 the right things 6:21 the right things 6:21 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 1 54 theme medications 284:294 arg1 application 249:259 the application 245:259 the application of guideline-indicated medications 245:294 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 6 55 dep % 1385:1385 arg1 0.80 1398:1401 0.80 1398:1401 0.80 1398:1401 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 55 dep % 1385:1385 arg1 % 1406:1406 95% 1404:1406 95% confidence interval 1404:1426 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 55 dep % 1385:1385 arg1 increment 1387:1395 increment 1387:1395 odds ratio-10% increment 1372:1395 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 55 dep % 1385:1385 arg1 0.67-0.94 1429:1437 0.67-0.94 1429:1437 0.67-0.94 1429:1437 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 4 56 theme 75th 1045:1048 arg1 25th 1039:1042 25th 1039:1042 25th 1039:1042 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 4 56 theme 75th 1045:1048 arg1 percentile 1050:1059 75th percentile 1045:1059 75th percentile 1045:1059 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 6 57 theme odds 1372:1375 arg1 % 1385:1385 odds ratio-10% 1372:1385 odds ratio-10% increment 1372:1395 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 57 theme odds 1372:1375 arg1 adherence 1361:1369 guideline adherence 1351:1369 guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) 1351:1438 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 1 58 theme appropriate 320:330 arg1 dosing 332:337 the appropriate dosing 316:337 the appropriate dosing of these drugs 316:352 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 8 59 theme lowest 1996:2001 arg1 risk 2003:2006 lowest risk 1996:2006 lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01) 1996:2085 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 59 theme lowest 1996:2001 arg1 ratio 2039:2043 odds ratio 0.83 2034:2048 odds ratio 0.83 2034:2048 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 4 60 theme safety 1096:1101 arg1 % 1114:1114 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53% 1062:1114 % 1114:1114 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 3 61 theme Heart 720:724 arg1 Association 726:736 Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 700:979 Association 726:736 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 4 62 theme median 1104:1109 arg1 % 1114:1114 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53% 1062:1114 % 1114:1114 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 9 63 theme low 2168:2170 arg1 safety 2172:2177 low safety 2168:2177 low safety 2168:2177 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 5 64 theme composite 1203:1211 arg1 adherence 1213:1221 hospital composite adherence 1194:1221 hospital composite adherence 1194:1221 Correlation between hospital composite adherence and safety metrics was significant but low (r=0.16, P=0.008). 25688146 0 65 dep Doing 0:4 arg1 association 53:63 association 53:63 association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome 53:173 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 8 66 theme intermediate 1849:1860 arg1 rates 1886:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 0 67 theme acute 151:155 arg1 syndrome 166:173 acute coronary syndrome 151:173 acute coronary syndrome 151:173 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 6 68 theme interval 1419:1426 arg1 % 1406:1406 95% 1404:1406 95% confidence interval 1404:1426 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 8 69 theme odds 2034:2037 arg1 risk 2003:2006 lowest risk 1996:2006 lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01) 1996:2085 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 69 theme odds 2034:2037 arg1 ratio 2039:2043 odds ratio 0.83 2034:2048 odds ratio 0.83 2034:2048 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 4 70 theme antithrombotic 1074:1087 arg1 % 1114:1114 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53% 1062:1114 % 1114:1114 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 3 71 theme guideline-recommended 738:758 arg1 therapies 760:768 guideline-recommended therapies 738:768 guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) 738:780 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 71 theme guideline-recommended 738:758 arg1 adherence 771:779 adherence 771:779 adherence 771:779 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 8 72 theme performance 1762:1772 arg1 safety 1806:1811 low safety 1802:1811 low safety 1802:1811 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 72 theme performance 1762:1772 arg1 metrics 1774:1780 mixed performance metrics 1756:1780 mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) 1756:1843 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 72 theme performance 1762:1772 arg1 adherence 1788:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 5 73 dep significant 1246:1256 arg1 r=0.16 1267:1272 r=0.16 1267:1272 r=0.16 1267:1272 Correlation between hospital composite adherence and safety metrics was significant but low (r=0.16, P=0.008). 25688146 10 74 dep CONCLUSIONS 2180:2190 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2180:2190 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety 2180:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety 2180:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 10 74 dep CONCLUSIONS 2180:2190 arg1 adherence 2202:2210 Guideline adherence 2192:2210 Guideline adherence 2192:2210 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 10 74 dep CONCLUSIONS 2180:2190 arg1 safety 2223:2228 dosing safety 2216:2228 dosing safety 2216:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 8 75 dep had 1845:1847 arg1 whereas 1893:1899 whereas 1893:1899 whereas 1893:1899 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 3 76 theme patients 812:819 arg1 association 915:925 its association 911:925 its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 911:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 76 theme patients 812:819 arg1 Association 726:736 Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 700:979 Association 726:736 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 76 theme patients 812:819 arg1 proportion 790:799 the proportion 786:799 the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 786:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 0 77 theme dosing 103:108 arg1 safety 110:115 dosing safety 103:115 dosing safety 103:115 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 6 78 theme odds 1460:1463 arg1 % 1473:1473 odds ratio-10% 1460:1473 odds ratio-10% increment 1460:1483 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 2 79 theme registry 557:564 arg1 Implementation 506:519 Early Implementation 500:519 Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 500:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 6 80 theme Risk-adjusted 1285:1297 arg1 mortality 1311:1319 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 1285:1319 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 1285:1319 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 8 81 dep ratio 2039:2043 arg1 % 2053:2053 95% 2051:2053 95% confidence interval 2051:2073 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 81 dep ratio 2039:2043 arg1 0.68-1.01 2076:2084 0.68-1.01 2076:2084 0.68-1.01 2076:2084 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 1 82 theme Performance 187:197 arg1 metrics 199:205 BACKGROUND Performance metrics 176:205 BACKGROUND Performance metrics 176:205 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 10 83 theme quality 2371:2377 arg1 metrics 2360:2366 broader metrics 2352:2366 broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety 2352:2446 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 8 84 theme mortality 1876:1884 arg1 rates 1886:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 2 85 theme acute 596:600 arg1 syndromes 611:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 8 86 theme high 1832:1835 arg1 safety 1837:1842 high safety 1832:1842 high safety 1832:1842 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 86 theme high 1832:1835 arg1 adherence 1788:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 6 87 theme interval 1507:1514 arg1 % 1494:1494 95% 1492:1494 95% confidence interval 1492:1514 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 2 88 theme non-ST-segment 571:584 arg1 syndromes 611:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 9 89 with Hospitals 2088:2096 arg1 safety 2108:2113 high safety 2103:2113 high safety 2103:2113 Hospitals with high safety had lower bleeding rates in comparison to those with low safety. 25688146 3 90 theme hospital 635:642 arg1 variability 644:654 hospital variability 635:654 hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 635:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 7 91 dep odds 1586:1589 arg1 % 1620:1620 95% 1618:1620 95% confidence interval 1618:1640 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 7 91 dep odds 1586:1589 arg1 increment 1601:1609 ratio-10% increment 1591:1609 ratio-10% increment 1591:1609 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 7 91 dep odds 1586:1589 arg1 0.87-0.98 1643:1651 0.87-0.98 1643:1651 0.87-0.98 1643:1651 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 10 92 theme safety 2441:2446 arg1 measures 2399:2406 measures 2399:2406 measures of both guideline-based care and safety 2399:2446 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 0 93 with patients 137:144 arg1 syndrome 166:173 acute coronary syndrome 151:173 acute coronary syndrome 151:173 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 4 94 theme composite 995:1003 arg1 adherence 1015:1023 composite guideline adherence 995:1023 composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) 995:1148 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 6 95 theme guideline 1351:1359 arg1 % 1385:1385 odds ratio-10% 1372:1385 odds ratio-10% increment 1372:1395 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 6 95 theme guideline 1351:1359 arg1 adherence 1361:1369 guideline adherence 1351:1369 guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) 1351:1438 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 3 96 with association 915:925 arg1 bleeding 972:979 bleeding 972:979 bleeding 972:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 96 with association 915:925 arg1 mortality 958:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 8 97 theme low 1689:1691 arg1 adherence 1693:1701 low adherence 1689:1701 low adherence 1689:1701 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 3 98 theme risk-adjusted 932:944 arg1 mortality 958:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 10 99 theme dosing 2216:2221 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2180:2190 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety 2180:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety 2180:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 10 99 theme dosing 2216:2221 arg1 safety 2223:2228 dosing safety 2216:2228 dosing safety 2216:2228 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 8 100 dep metrics 1774:1780 arg1 safety 1806:1811 low safety 1802:1811 low safety 1802:1811 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 100 dep metrics 1774:1780 arg1 adherence 1818:1826 low adherence 1814:1826 low adherence 1814:1826 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 100 dep metrics 1774:1780 arg1 safety 1837:1842 high safety 1832:1842 high safety 1832:1842 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 100 dep metrics 1774:1780 arg1 metrics 1774:1780 mixed performance metrics 1756:1780 mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) 1756:1843 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 100 dep metrics 1774:1780 arg1 adherence 1788:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 high adherence 1783:1796 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 10 101 theme care 2432:2435 arg1 measures 2399:2406 measures 2399:2406 measures of both guideline-based care and safety 2399:2446 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 0 102 theme hospital 73:80 arg1 adherence 92:100 hospital guideline adherence 73:100 hospital guideline adherence 73:100 Doing the right things and doing them the right way: association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. 25688146 2 103 theme Guidelines 536:545 arg1 registry 557:564 the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry 524:564 the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry 524:564 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 2 104 dep METHODS 355:361 arg1 studied 378:384 studied 378:384 studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 378:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 3 105 theme IIb/IIIa 877:884 arg1 safety 898:903 safety 898:903 safety 898:903 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 105 theme IIb/IIIa 877:884 arg1 antagonist 886:895 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist 862:895 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 862:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 2 106 with Implementation 506:519 arg1 syndromes 611:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 571:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 7 107 theme 0.93 1612:1615 arg1 odds 1586:1589 adjusted odds 1577:1589 adjusted odds 1577:1589 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 8 108 theme >median 1959:1965 arg1 performance 1967:1977 >median performance 1959:1977 >median performance 1959:1977 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 108 theme >median 1959:1965 arg1 metrics 1950:1956 both metrics 1945:1956 both metrics (>median performance) 1945:1978 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 4 109 theme adherence 1015:1023 arg1 rates 986:990 The rates 982:990 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) 982:1148 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 5 110 theme hospital 1194:1201 arg1 adherence 1213:1221 hospital composite adherence 1194:1221 hospital composite adherence 1194:1221 Correlation between hospital composite adherence and safety metrics was significant but low (r=0.16, P=0.008). 25688146 10 111 theme complementary 2266:2278 arg1 information 2280:2290 independent and complementary information 2250:2290 independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality 2250:2325 CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence and dosing safety appeared to provide independent and complementary information on hospital bleeding and mortality, supporting the need for broader metrics of quality that should include measures of both guideline-based care and safety. 25688146 8 112 theme performance 1723:1733 arg1 metrics 1736:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 safety (≤median performance) metrics 1707:1742 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 113 contain had 1845:1847 arg1 those 1745:1749 those 1745:1749 those 1745:1749 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 8 113 contain had 1845:1847 arg2 rates 1886:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates 1849:1890 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 2 114 theme Unstable 444:451 arg1 Angina 453:458 Unstable Angina 444:458 Unstable Angina Patients 444:467 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 8 115 theme above-average 1916:1928 arg1 performance 1930:1940 above-average performance 1916:1940 above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) 1916:1978 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 1 116 theme guideline-indicated 264:282 arg1 medications 284:294 guideline-indicated medications 264:294 guideline-indicated medications 264:294 BACKGROUND Performance metrics currently focus on the measurement of the application of guideline-indicated medications without considering the appropriate dosing of these drugs. 25688146 3 117 with patients 812:819 arg1 dose 842:845 the recommended dose 826:845 the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 826:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 7 118 theme ratio-10 1591:1598 arg1 % 1599:1599 % 1599:1599 % 1599:1599 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 2 119 theme Rapid 415:419 arg1 Stratification 426:439 Rapid Risk Stratification 415:439 Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients 415:467 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 7 120 theme adjusted 1577:1584 arg1 odds 1586:1589 adjusted odds 1577:1589 adjusted odds 1577:1589 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 2 121 theme Adverse 478:484 arg1 Outcomes 486:493 Adverse Outcomes 478:493 Adverse Outcomes 478:493 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 3 122 theme composite 663:671 arg1 use 673:675 the composite use 659:675 the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 659:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 2 123 dep the 407:409 arg1 Suppress 469:476 Suppress 469:476 Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 411:619 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 3 124 theme heparins 850:857 arg1 dose 842:845 the recommended dose 826:845 the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety) 826:904 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 2 125 theme Patients 460:467 arg1 Stratification 426:439 Rapid Risk Stratification 415:439 Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients 415:467 METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 39 291 patients from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 25688146 3 126 theme Cardiology/American 700:718 arg1 Association 726:736 Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 700:979 Association 726:736 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 8 127 with hospitals 1901:1909 arg1 performance 1930:1940 above-average performance 1916:1940 above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) 1916:1978 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 6 128 theme safety 1444:1449 arg1 metrics 1451:1457 safety metrics 1444:1457 safety metrics 1444:1457 Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was inversely related to both guideline adherence (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94) and safety metrics (odds ratio-10% increment, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98). 25688146 8 129 theme mortality 2017:2025 arg1 rates 2027:2031 mortality rates 2017:2031 mortality rates 2017:2031 In comparison with hospitals with low adherence and safety (≤median performance) metrics, those with mixed performance metrics (high adherence and low safety, low adherence and high safety) had intermediate risk-adjusted mortality rates, whereas hospitals with above-average performance on both metrics (>median performance) had a trend for lowest risk adjusted mortality rates (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01). 25688146 4 130 theme dosing 1089:1094 arg1 % 1114:1114 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53% 1062:1114 % 1114:1114 The rates of composite guideline adherence (median, 85%; 25th, 75th percentile, 82, 88) and antithrombotic dosing safety (median, 53%; 25th, 75th percentile, 45%, 60%) varied among hospitals. 25688146 3 131 theme College 689:695 arg1 use 673:675 the composite use 659:675 the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding 659:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 7 132 theme % 1599:1599 arg1 increment 1601:1609 ratio-10% increment 1591:1609 ratio-10% increment 1591:1609 Safety was inversely related to major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio-10% increment, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). 25688146 3 133 with Association 726:736 arg1 bleeding 972:979 bleeding 972:979 bleeding 972:979 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 3 133 with Association 726:736 arg1 mortality 958:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality 932:966 We evaluated hospital variability in the composite use of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline-recommended therapies (adherence) and the proportion of treated patients with the recommended dose of heparins or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (safety), and its association with risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality and bleeding. 25688146 5 134 theme adherence 1213:1221 arg1 metrics 1234:1240 hospital composite adherence and safety metrics 1194:1240 hospital composite adherence and safety metrics 1194:1240 Correlation between hospital composite adherence and safety metrics was significant but low (r=0.16, P=0.008). 25429650 9 0 theme maximum 1375:1381 arg1 level 1383:1387 the allowed maximum level 1363:1387 the allowed maximum level of 30 nM 1363:1396 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 4 1 theme xylan 635:639 arg1 packing 624:630 the packing 620:630 the packing of xylan 620:639 The results revealed that AgNPs were well dispersed with diameters of 20-35 nm due to the packing of xylan. 25429650 9 2 theme other 1223:1227 arg1 ions 1238:1241 The other 15 metal ions 1219:1241 The other 15 metal ions used 1219:1246 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 1 3 theme stabilizing 277:287 arg1 agent 302:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent 273:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 273:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 3 theme stabilizing 277:287 arg1 xylan 255:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 9 4 theme obvious 1255:1261 arg1 effect 1263:1268 no obvious effect 1252:1268 no obvious effect 1252:1268 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 5 5 theme xylan 797:801 arg1 ratio 788:792 the ratio 784:792 the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 784:810 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 5 5 theme xylan 797:801 arg1 mg 819:820 50 mg 816:820 50 mg: 0.13 mmol 816:831 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 3 6 theme UV-Vis 480:485 arg1 XRD 488:490 XRD 488:490 XRD 488:490 Complete characterization was performed using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, size distribution analysis and XPS. 25429650 9 7 contain had 1248:1250 arg2 effect 1263:1268 no obvious effect 1252:1268 no obvious effect 1252:1268 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 9 7 contain had 1248:1250 arg1 ions 1238:1241 The other 15 metal ions 1219:1241 The other 15 metal ions used 1219:1246 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 11 8 theme selective 1669:1677 arg1 detection 1693:1701 the selective and sensitive detection 1665:1701 the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals 1665:1725 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 9 9 theme metal 1232:1236 arg1 ions 1238:1241 The other 15 metal ions 1219:1241 The other 15 metal ions used 1219:1246 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 7 10 theme xylan 1037:1041 arg1 structure 1024:1032 the structure 1020:1032 the structure of xylan 1020:1041 By comparing the structure of xylan before and after the reaction, the reaction mechanism was discussed. 25429650 1 11 theme reducing 293:300 arg1 agent 302:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent 273:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 273:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 11 theme reducing 293:300 arg1 xylan 255:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 5 12 theme ammonia 838:844 arg1 concentration 846:858 ammonia concentration 838:858 ammonia concentration 838:858 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 3 13 theme size 498:501 arg1 analysis 516:523 size distribution analysis 498:523 size distribution analysis 498:523 Complete characterization was performed using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, size distribution analysis and XPS. 25429650 10 14 from detection 1491:1499 arg1 samples 1515:1521 real water samples 1504:1521 real water samples 1504:1521 In addition, the xylan-AgNPs composites can be applied for Hg(2+) detection in real water samples. 25429650 9 15 theme nM 1395:1396 arg1 level 1383:1387 the allowed maximum level 1363:1387 the allowed maximum level of 30 nM 1363:1396 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 5 16 theme microwave 757:765 arg1 time 767:770 microwave time 757:770 microwave time 757:770 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 8 17 theme high 1164:1167 arg1 selectivity 1169:1179 high selectivity 1164:1179 high selectivity 1164:1179 It was noted that the xylan-AgNPs composites showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg(2+) detection. 25429650 1 18 theme facile 132:137 arg1 method 149:154 a facile and green method 130:154 a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 130:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 5 19 theme microwave 730:738 arg1 power 740:744 microwave power 730:744 microwave power 730:744 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 11 20 theme heavy 1714:1718 arg1 metals 1720:1725 harmful heavy metals 1706:1725 harmful heavy metals 1706:1725 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 11 21 theme rich 1592:1595 arg1 resource 1605:1612 a rich biomass resource 1590:1612 a rich biomass resource 1590:1612 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 9 22 theme drinking 1402:1409 arg1 water 1411:1415 drinking water 1402:1415 drinking water by WHO 1402:1422 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 5 23 theme microwave 682:690 arg1 irradiation 692:702 microwave irradiation 682:702 microwave irradiation temperature 682:714 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 8 24 theme Hg 1201:1202 arg1 detection 1208:1216 Hg(2+) detection 1201:1216 Hg(2+) detection 1201:1216 It was noted that the xylan-AgNPs composites showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg(2+) detection. 25429650 1 25 theme green 143:147 arg1 method 149:154 a facile and green method 130:154 a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 130:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 0 26 theme Green 0:4 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Green synthesis 0:14 Green synthesis of silver 0:24 Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in xylan solution via Tollens reaction and their detection for Hg(2+). 25429650 11 27 theme harmful 1706:1712 arg1 metals 1720:1725 harmful heavy metals 1706:1725 harmful heavy metals 1706:1725 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 4 28 theme due 613:615 arg1 nm 610:611 20-35 nm 604:611 20-35 nm due to the packing of xylan 604:639 The results revealed that AgNPs were well dispersed with diameters of 20-35 nm due to the packing of xylan. 25429650 0 29 theme silver 19:24 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Green synthesis 0:14 Green synthesis of silver 0:24 Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in xylan solution via Tollens reaction and their detection for Hg(2+). 25429650 3 30 theme distribution 503:514 arg1 analysis 516:523 size distribution analysis 498:523 size distribution analysis 498:523 Complete characterization was performed using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, size distribution analysis and XPS. 25429650 6 31 theme high-speed 910:919 arg1 separation 933:942 high-speed centrifugal separation 910:942 high-speed centrifugal separation 910:942 In addition, the AgNPs were collected via high-speed centrifugal separation, and the supernatant was tested by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, and NMR. 25429650 9 32 theme detection 1315:1323 arg1 limit 1306:1310 the limit 1302:1310 the limit of detection (LOD) 1302:1329 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 9 32 theme detection 1315:1323 arg1 nM 1339:1340 4.6 nM 1335:1340 4.6 nM 1335:1340 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 1 33 theme Tollens 316:322 arg1 reaction 324:331 the Tollens reaction 312:331 the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 312:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 2 34 theme Different 362:370 arg1 variables 372:380 Different variables 362:380 Different variables 362:380 Different variables were evaluated to optimize the reaction conditions. 25429650 11 35 theme novel 1546:1550 arg1 way 1552:1554 a novel way 1544:1554 a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource 1544:1612 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 5 36 theme optimal 646:652 arg1 conditions 654:663 The optimal conditions 642:663 The optimal conditions 642:663 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 10 37 theme real 1504:1507 arg1 samples 1515:1521 real water samples 1504:1521 real water samples 1504:1521 In addition, the xylan-AgNPs composites can be applied for Hg(2+) detection in real water samples. 25429650 6 38 theme centrifugal 921:931 arg1 separation 933:942 high-speed centrifugal separation 910:942 high-speed centrifugal separation 910:942 In addition, the AgNPs were collected via high-speed centrifugal separation, and the supernatant was tested by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, and NMR. 25429650 11 39 theme biomass 1597:1603 arg1 resource 1605:1612 a rich biomass resource 1590:1612 a rich biomass resource 1590:1612 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 4 40 theme nm 610:611 arg1 diameters 591:599 diameters 591:599 diameters of 20-35 nm due to the packing of xylan 591:639 The results revealed that AgNPs were well dispersed with diameters of 20-35 nm due to the packing of xylan. 25429650 1 41 theme biopolymer 244:253 arg1 xylan 255:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 41 theme biopolymer 244:253 arg1 agent 302:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent 273:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 273:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 11 42 theme metals 1720:1725 arg1 detection 1693:1701 the selective and sensitive detection 1665:1701 the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals 1665:1725 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 1 43 theme stable 174:179 arg1 AgNPs 225:229 AgNPs 225:229 AgNPs 225:229 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 43 theme stable 174:179 arg1 nanoparticles 210:222 highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles 167:222 highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) 167:230 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 2 44 theme reaction 413:420 arg1 conditions 422:431 the reaction conditions 409:431 the reaction conditions 409:431 Different variables were evaluated to optimize the reaction conditions. 25429650 11 45 theme sensitive 1683:1691 arg1 detection 1693:1701 the selective and sensitive detection 1665:1701 the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals 1665:1725 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 1 46 theme microwave 339:347 arg1 irradiation 349:359 microwave irradiation 339:359 microwave irradiation 339:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 10 47 theme xylan-AgNPs 1442:1452 arg1 composites 1454:1463 the xylan-AgNPs composites 1438:1463 the xylan-AgNPs composites 1438:1463 In addition, the xylan-AgNPs composites can be applied for Hg(2+) detection in real water samples. 25429650 0 48 theme xylan 43:47 arg1 solution 49:56 xylan solution 43:56 xylan solution 43:56 Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in xylan solution via Tollens reaction and their detection for Hg(2+). 25429650 11 49 theme green 1621:1625 arg1 method 1627:1632 a green method 1619:1632 a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs 1619:1659 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 9 50 theme Hg 1290:1291 arg1 detection 1277:1285 the detection 1273:1285 the detection of Hg(2+) 1273:1295 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 10 51 theme water 1509:1513 arg1 samples 1515:1521 real water samples 1504:1521 real water samples 1504:1521 In addition, the xylan-AgNPs composites can be applied for Hg(2+) detection in real water samples. 25429650 3 52 theme Complete 434:441 arg1 characterization 443:458 Complete characterization 434:458 Complete characterization 434:458 Complete characterization was performed using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, size distribution analysis and XPS. 25429650 10 53 theme Hg 1484:1485 arg1 detection 1491:1499 Hg(2+) detection 1484:1499 Hg(2+) detection in real water samples 1484:1521 In addition, the xylan-AgNPs composites can be applied for Hg(2+) detection in real water samples. 25429650 11 54 theme AgNPs 1655:1659 arg1 synthesis 1642:1650 the synthesis 1638:1650 the synthesis of AgNPs 1638:1659 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 11 55 theme high-value 1564:1573 arg1 utilization 1575:1585 the high-value utilization 1560:1585 the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource 1560:1612 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 5 56 dep mg 819:820 arg1 mmol 828:831 0.13 mmol 823:831 50 mg: 0.13 mmol 816:831 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 0 57 theme Tollens 62:68 arg1 reaction 70:77 Tollens reaction 62:77 Tollens reaction 62:77 Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in xylan solution via Tollens reaction and their detection for Hg(2+). 25429650 11 58 theme resource 1605:1612 arg1 utilization 1575:1585 the high-value utilization 1560:1585 the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource 1560:1612 This study provides a novel way for the high-value utilization of a rich biomass resource, and a green method for the synthesis of AgNPs for the selective and sensitive detection of harmful heavy metals. 25429650 8 59 theme xylan-AgNPs 1134:1144 arg1 composites 1146:1155 the xylan-AgNPs composites 1130:1155 the xylan-AgNPs composites 1130:1155 It was noted that the xylan-AgNPs composites showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg(2+) detection. 25429650 1 60 theme distributed 195:205 arg1 AgNPs 225:229 AgNPs 225:229 AgNPs 225:229 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 60 theme distributed 195:205 arg1 nanoparticles 210:222 highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles 167:222 highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) 167:230 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 5 61 theme irradiation 692:702 arg1 temperature 704:714 microwave irradiation temperature 682:714 microwave irradiation temperature 682:714 The optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation temperature was 60-70 °C, microwave power was 800 W, microwave time was 30 min, the ratio of xylan to AgNO3 was 50 mg: 0.13 mmol, and ammonia concentration was 2%. 25429650 1 62 used used 265:268 arg2 xylan 255:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 a biopolymer xylan 242:259 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 62 used used 265:268 arg2 agent 302:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent 273:306 the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation 273:359 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 9 63 theme allowed 1367:1373 arg1 level 1383:1387 the allowed maximum level 1363:1387 the allowed maximum level of 30 nM 1363:1396 The other 15 metal ions used had no obvious effect on the detection of Hg(2+), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.6 nM, which is lower than the allowed maximum level of 30 nM for drinking water by WHO. 25429650 7 64 theme reaction 1078:1085 arg1 mechanism 1087:1095 the reaction mechanism 1074:1095 the reaction mechanism 1074:1095 By comparing the structure of xylan before and after the reaction, the reaction mechanism was discussed. 25429650 1 65 theme Ag 207:208 arg1 AgNPs 225:229 AgNPs 225:229 AgNPs 225:229 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 25429650 1 65 theme Ag 207:208 arg1 nanoparticles 210:222 highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles 167:222 highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) 167:230 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in which a biopolymer xylan was used as the stabilizing and reducing agent via the Tollens reaction under microwave irradiation. 26256155 0 0 theme biodegradable 75:87 arg1 blends 89:94 biodegradable blends 75:94 biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental 75:128 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 1 1 from biocomposites 159:171 arg1 range 195:199 a wide composition range 176:199 a wide composition range 176:199 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 3 2 located found 573:577 arg1 phase 596:600 the amorphous phase 582:600 the amorphous phase of neat starch 582:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 3 2 located found 573:577 arg2 heterogeneities 557:571 The heterogeneities 553:571 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch 553:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 3 2 located found 573:577 arg2 relaxation 655:664 a bimodal α relaxation 643:664 a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries 643:712 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 1 3 theme depolarization 238:251 arg1 currents 253:260 thermally stimulated depolarization currents 217:260 thermally stimulated depolarization currents 217:260 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 1 3 theme depolarization 238:251 arg1 TSDC 263:266 TSDC 263:266 TSDC 263:266 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 0 4 from effects 9:15 arg1 relaxations 31:41 dielectric relaxations 20:41 dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) 20:66 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 1 5 from effect 309:314 arg1 relaxations 334:344 the dielectric relaxations 319:344 the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition 319:383 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 3 6 theme starch 610:615 arg1 phase 596:600 the amorphous phase 582:600 the amorphous phase of neat starch 582:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 5 7 theme components 997:1006 arg1 relaxations 974:984 the α relaxations 968:984 the α relaxations of the two components 968:1006 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components is affected by the inclusions change from liquid to glassy state as the blend dries. 26256155 3 8 theme α 653:653 arg1 relaxation 655:664 a bimodal α relaxation 643:664 a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries 643:712 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 3 8 theme α 653:653 arg1 heterogeneities 557:571 The heterogeneities 553:571 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch 553:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 4 9 theme blend 719:723 arg1 plasticization 725:738 The blend plasticization 715:738 The blend plasticization by water molecules 715:757 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 3 10 theme bimodal 645:651 arg1 relaxation 655:664 a bimodal α relaxation 643:664 a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries 643:712 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 3 10 theme bimodal 645:651 arg1 heterogeneities 557:571 The heterogeneities 553:571 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch 553:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 2 11 from 207K 547:550 arg1 fixed 538:542 fixed 538:542 fixed 538:542 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 2 12 theme starch 489:494 arg1 inclusions 496:505 the starch inclusions 485:505 the starch inclusions 485:505 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 1 13 theme moisture 349:356 arg1 loss 358:361 moisture loss 349:361 moisture loss 349:361 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 2 14 theme chain 404:408 arg1 mobility 410:417 PCL's cooperative chain mobility 386:417 PCL's cooperative chain mobility 386:417 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 1 15 theme /starch 151:157 arg1 biocomposites 159:171 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites 131:171 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range 131:199 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 0 16 theme Local 97:101 arg1 blends 89:94 biodegradable blends 75:94 biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental 75:128 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 1 17 theme loss 358:361 arg1 relaxations 334:344 the dielectric relaxations 319:344 the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition 319:383 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 0 18 theme Moisture 0:7 arg1 effects 9:15 Moisture effects 0:15 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) 0:66 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 3 19 theme it 705:706 arg1 dries 708:712 it dries 705:712 it dries 705:712 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 4 20 theme local 820:824 arg1 motions 826:832 the local motions 816:832 the local motions 816:832 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 1 21 theme dielectric 323:332 arg1 relaxations 334:344 the dielectric relaxations 319:344 the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition 319:383 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 0 22 theme dielectric 20:29 arg1 relaxations 31:41 dielectric relaxations 20:41 dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) 20:66 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 5 23 theme α 972:972 arg1 relaxations 974:984 the α relaxations 968:984 the α relaxations of the two components 968:1006 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components is affected by the inclusions change from liquid to glassy state as the blend dries. 26256155 4 24 theme blend 776:780 arg1 relaxations 792:802 the blend secondary relaxations 772:802 the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch 772:914 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 1 25 theme wide 178:181 arg1 range 195:199 a wide composition range 176:199 a wide composition range 176:199 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 0 26 theme interfacial 104:114 arg1 blends 89:94 biodegradable blends 75:94 biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental 75:128 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 1 27 theme blend 367:371 arg1 composition 373:383 blend composition 367:383 blend composition 367:383 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 1 28 theme composition 183:193 arg1 range 195:199 a wide composition range 176:199 a wide composition range 176:199 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 1 29 theme drying 280:285 arg1 process 287:293 the drying process 276:293 the drying process 276:293 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 2 30 theme segmental 514:522 arg1 relaxation 524:533 its segmental relaxation 510:533 its segmental relaxation 510:533 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 1 31 theme composition 373:383 arg1 relaxations 334:344 the dielectric relaxations 319:344 the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition 319:383 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 3 32 theme higher 682:687 arg1 temperatures 689:700 higher temperatures 682:700 higher temperatures 682:700 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 2 33 theme cooperative 392:402 arg1 mobility 410:417 PCL's cooperative chain mobility 386:417 PCL's cooperative chain mobility 386:417 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 2 34 theme water 452:456 arg1 presence 440:447 the presence 436:447 the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K 436:550 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 0 35 theme segmental 120:128 arg1 blends 89:94 biodegradable blends 75:94 biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental 75:128 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 3 36 theme neat 605:608 arg1 starch 610:615 neat starch 605:615 neat starch 605:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 2 37 from located 474:480 arg1 inclusions 496:505 the starch inclusions 485:505 the starch inclusions 485:505 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 0 38 theme poly 46:49 arg1 relaxations 31:41 dielectric relaxations 20:41 dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) 20:66 Moisture effects on dielectric relaxations of poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biodegradable blends: Local, interfacial and segmental. 26256155 5 39 theme blend 1080:1084 arg1 dries 1086:1090 the blend dries 1076:1090 the blend dries 1076:1090 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components is affected by the inclusions change from liquid to glassy state as the blend dries. 26256155 4 40 theme secondary 782:790 arg1 relaxations 792:802 the blend secondary relaxations 772:802 the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch 772:914 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 4 41 theme water 862:866 arg1 lower 877:881 lower 877:881 lower 877:881 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 4 41 theme water 862:866 arg1 loss 854:857 the loss 850:857 the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch 850:914 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 5 42 theme interfacial 921:931 arg1 peak 933:936 The interfacial peak 917:936 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components 917:1006 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components is affected by the inclusions change from liquid to glassy state as the blend dries. 26256155 5 42 theme interfacial 921:931 arg1 intermediate 947:958 intermediate 947:958 intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components 947:1006 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components is affected by the inclusions change from liquid to glassy state as the blend dries. 26256155 4 43 theme water 743:747 arg1 molecules 749:757 water molecules 743:757 water molecules 743:757 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 2 44 located located 474:480 arg2 water 452:456 water 452:456 water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K 452:550 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 2 44 located located 474:480 arg1 inclusions 496:505 the starch inclusions 485:505 the starch inclusions 485:505 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 2 45 from inclusions 496:505 arg1 located 474:480 located 474:480 located 474:480 PCL's cooperative chain mobility is unaffected by the presence of water which is mainly located in the starch inclusions as its segmental relaxation is fixed at 207K. 26256155 4 46 theme pure 904:907 arg1 starch 909:914 pure starch 904:914 pure starch 904:914 The blend plasticization by water molecules also affects the blend secondary relaxations showing how the local motions are hindered by the loss of water which is lower in the blend than in pure starch. 26256155 5 47 theme liquid 1050:1055 arg1 state 1067:1071 liquid to glassy state 1050:1071 liquid to glassy state 1050:1071 The interfacial peak which is intermediate between the α relaxations of the two components is affected by the inclusions change from liquid to glassy state as the blend dries. 26256155 3 48 theme amorphous 586:594 arg1 phase 596:600 the amorphous phase 582:600 the amorphous phase of neat starch 582:615 The heterogeneities found in the amorphous phase of neat starch are also observed here as a bimodal α relaxation which shifts to higher temperatures as it dries. 26256155 1 49 theme stimulated 227:236 arg1 currents 253:260 thermally stimulated depolarization currents 217:260 thermally stimulated depolarization currents 217:260 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26256155 1 49 theme stimulated 227:236 arg1 TSDC 263:266 TSDC 263:266 TSDC 263:266 Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/starch biocomposites in a wide composition range were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents, TSDC, during the drying process following the effect on the dielectric relaxations of moisture loss and blend composition. 26780146 0 0 theme microbial 80:88 arg1 cell 95:98 a mediator-less microbial fuel cell 64:98 a mediator-less microbial fuel cell 64:98 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 9 1 theme predominant 1615:1625 arg1 genera 1627:1632 the predominant genera 1611:1632 the predominant genera in the anode biofilm 1611:1653 A well-known exoelectrogen, Pseudomonas, was present among the predominant genera in the anode biofilm. 26780146 0 2 theme mediator-less 66:78 arg1 cell 95:98 a mediator-less microbial fuel cell 64:98 a mediator-less microbial fuel cell 64:98 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 8 3 theme initial 1403:1409 arg1 inoculum 1411:1418 the initial inoculum 1399:1418 the initial inoculum fed to the MFC 1399:1433 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 9 4 from genera 1627:1632 arg1 biofilm 1647:1653 the anode biofilm 1637:1653 the anode biofilm 1637:1653 A well-known exoelectrogen, Pseudomonas, was present among the predominant genera in the anode biofilm. 26780146 1 5 from game-changer 147:158 arg1 production 182:191 sustainable energy production 163:191 sustainable energy production in the coming generations 163:217 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 4 6 theme voltage 742:748 arg1 stages 761:766 stable voltage generation stages 735:766 stable voltage generation stages 735:766 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 6 7 theme OPW 906:908 arg1 pectin 918:923 pectin 918:923 pectin 918:923 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 6 7 theme OPW 906:908 arg1 components 892:901 Key components 888:901 Key components of OPW 888:908 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 6 7 theme OPW 906:908 arg1 cellulose 929:937 cellulose 929:937 cellulose 929:937 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 1 8 contain have 116:119 arg2 potential 125:133 the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations 121:217 the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations 121:217 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 1 8 contain have 116:119 arg1 Microorganisms 101:114 Microorganisms 101:114 Microorganisms 101:114 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 3 9 theme chemical 578:585 arg1 pretreatment 587:598 any chemical pretreatment 574:598 any chemical pretreatment 574:598 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 7 10 theme peel 1321:1324 arg1 degradation 1326:1336 orange peel degradation 1314:1336 orange peel degradation in MFCs 1314:1344 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 7 11 from degradation 1326:1336 arg1 MFCs 1341:1344 MFCs 1341:1344 MFCs 1341:1344 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 8 12 theme significant 1504:1514 arg1 diversity 1516:1524 significant diversity 1504:1524 significant diversity in community composition 1504:1549 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 0 13 theme fuel 90:93 arg1 cell 95:98 a mediator-less microbial fuel cell 64:98 a mediator-less microbial fuel cell 64:98 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 6 14 theme significant 1023:1033 arg1 generation 1043:1052 no significant current generation 1020:1052 no significant current generation 1020:1052 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 4 15 theme chamber 716:722 arg1 MFC 724:726 a dual chamber MFC 709:726 a dual chamber MFC 709:726 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 2 16 from sources 341:347 arg1 bioenergy 299:307 bioenergy 299:307 bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources 299:347 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 2 16 from sources 341:347 arg1 electricity 310:320 electricity 310:320 electricity 310:320 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 3 17 theme organic 547:553 arg1 waste 501:505 orange peel waste 489:505 orange peel waste (OPW) 489:511 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 17 theme organic 547:553 arg1 substrate 555:563 an organic substrate 544:563 an organic substrate 544:563 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 8 18 theme inoculum 1411:1418 arg1 analysis 1387:1394 16S rRNA analysis 1378:1394 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC 1378:1433 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 8 18 theme inoculum 1411:1418 arg1 biofilm 1440:1446 the biofilm 1436:1446 the biofilm attached to the anode 1436:1468 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 8 18 theme inoculum 1411:1418 arg1 suspension 1485:1494 the anode suspension 1475:1494 the anode suspension 1475:1494 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 5 19 theme current 799:805 arg1 density 807:813 current density 799:813 current density 799:813 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 3 20 theme orange 489:494 arg1 byproduct 530:538 an agricultural byproduct 514:538 an agricultural byproduct 514:538 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 20 theme orange 489:494 arg1 OPW 508:510 OPW 508:510 OPW 508:510 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 20 theme orange 489:494 arg1 waste 501:505 orange peel waste 489:505 orange peel waste (OPW) 489:511 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 20 theme orange 489:494 arg1 substrate 555:563 an organic substrate 544:563 an organic substrate 544:563 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 2 21 theme renewable 266:274 arg1 technology 276:285 an alternative renewable technology 251:285 an alternative renewable technology 251:285 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 1 22 theme sustainable 163:173 arg1 production 182:191 sustainable energy production 163:191 sustainable energy production in the coming generations 163:217 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 3 23 theme MFC 423:425 arg1 technology 427:436 MFC technology 423:436 MFC technology 423:436 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 2 24 theme alternative 254:264 arg1 technology 276:285 an alternative renewable technology 251:285 an alternative renewable technology 251:285 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 1 25 theme energy 175:180 arg1 production 182:191 sustainable energy production 163:191 sustainable energy production in the coming generations 163:217 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 9 26 theme anode 1641:1645 arg1 biofilm 1647:1653 the anode biofilm 1637:1653 the anode biofilm 1637:1653 A well-known exoelectrogen, Pseudomonas, was present among the predominant genera in the anode biofilm. 26780146 9 27 theme well-known 1554:1563 arg1 Pseudomonas 1580:1590 Pseudomonas 1580:1590 Pseudomonas 1580:1590 A well-known exoelectrogen, Pseudomonas, was present among the predominant genera in the anode biofilm. 26780146 9 27 theme well-known 1554:1563 arg1 present 1597:1603 present 1597:1603 present 1597:1603 A well-known exoelectrogen, Pseudomonas, was present among the predominant genera in the anode biofilm. 26780146 9 27 theme well-known 1554:1563 arg1 exoelectrogen 1565:1577 A well-known exoelectrogen 1552:1577 A well-known exoelectrogen 1552:1577 A well-known exoelectrogen, Pseudomonas, was present among the predominant genera in the anode biofilm. 26780146 3 28 from waste 501:505 arg1 production 473:482 bioelectricity production 458:482 bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate 458:563 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 6 29 theme current 1035:1041 arg1 generation 1043:1052 no significant current generation 1020:1052 no significant current generation 1020:1052 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 5 30 theme ± 835:835 arg1 2 847:847 2 847:847 2 847:847 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 30 theme ± 835:835 arg1 mW/m 842:845 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m 829:845 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) 829:848 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 30 theme ± 835:835 arg1 density 787:793 The maximum power density 769:793 The maximum power density 769:793 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 31 theme maximum 773:779 arg1 mW/m 842:845 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m 829:845 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) 829:848 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 31 theme maximum 773:779 arg1 density 787:793 The maximum power density 769:793 The maximum power density 769:793 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 6 32 theme Key 888:890 arg1 pectin 918:923 pectin 918:923 pectin 918:923 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 6 32 theme Key 888:890 arg1 components 892:901 Key components 888:901 Key components of OPW 888:908 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 6 32 theme Key 888:890 arg1 cellulose 929:937 cellulose 929:937 cellulose 929:937 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 8 33 theme 16S 1378:1380 arg1 rRNA 1382:1385 16S rRNA 1378:1385 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC 1378:1433 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 6 34 theme cellulose-degrading 1141:1159 arg1 bacteria 1161:1168 cellulose-degrading bacteria 1141:1168 cellulose-degrading bacteria 1141:1168 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 4 35 theme 0.59 668:671 arg1 ± 673:673 ± 673:673 ± 673:673 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 0 36 theme peel 21:24 arg1 biomass 32:38 orange peel waste biomass 14:38 orange peel waste biomass 14:38 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 4 37 theme dual 711:714 arg1 MFC 724:726 a dual chamber MFC 709:726 a dual chamber MFC 709:726 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 7 38 theme enzyme 1211:1216 arg1 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 0 39 theme orange 14:19 arg1 biomass 32:38 orange peel waste biomass 14:38 orange peel waste biomass 14:38 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 4 40 theme stable 735:740 arg1 stages 761:766 stable voltage generation stages 735:766 stable voltage generation stages 735:766 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 1 41 theme coming 200:205 arg1 generations 207:217 the coming generations 196:217 the coming generations 196:217 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 0 42 theme biomass 32:38 arg1 Conversion 0:9 Conversion 0:9 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 0:99 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 5 43 theme 847 854:856 arg1 2 870:870 2 870:870 2 870:870 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 43 theme 847 854:856 arg1 mA/m 865:868 847 ± 18.4 mA/m 854:868 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2) 854:871 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 4 44 theme voltage 646:652 arg1 generation 654:663 A maximum voltage generation 636:663 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) 636:691 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 7 45 theme substrate 1268:1276 arg1 gram 1260:1263 gram 1260:1263 gram of substrate 1260:1276 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 8 46 theme community 1529:1537 arg1 composition 1539:1549 community composition 1529:1549 community composition 1529:1549 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 3 47 theme bioelectricity 458:471 arg1 production 473:482 bioelectricity production 458:482 bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate 458:563 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 0 48 theme waste 26:30 arg1 biomass 32:38 orange peel waste biomass 14:38 orange peel waste biomass 14:38 Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. 26780146 7 49 theme U/g 1238:1240 arg1 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 7 49 theme U/g 1238:1240 arg1 pectinase 1179:1187 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 pectinase 1179:1187 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 5 50 theme power 781:785 arg1 mW/m 842:845 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m 829:845 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) 829:848 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 50 theme power 781:785 arg1 density 787:793 The maximum power density 769:793 The maximum power density 769:793 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 4 51 theme maximum 638:644 arg1 generation 654:663 A maximum voltage generation 636:663 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) 636:691 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 2 52 theme fuel 230:233 arg1 cells 235:239 Microbial fuel cells 220:239 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology 220:285 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 2 52 theme fuel 230:233 arg1 MFCs 242:245 MFCs 242:245 MFCs 242:245 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 6 53 theme stable 998:1003 arg1 current 1005:1011 a stable current 996:1011 a stable current 996:1011 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 7 54 theme Maximum 1171:1177 arg1 pectinase 1179:1187 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 pectinase 1179:1187 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 6 55 theme bacteria 1161:1168 arg1 absence 1130:1136 the absence 1126:1136 the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria 1126:1168 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 2 56 theme Microbial 220:228 arg1 cells 235:239 Microbial fuel cells 220:239 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology 220:285 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 2 56 theme Microbial 220:228 arg1 MFCs 242:245 MFCs 242:245 MFCs 242:245 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 2 57 theme carbon-based 328:339 arg1 sources 341:347 carbon-based sources 328:347 carbon-based sources 328:347 Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative renewable technology can capture bioenergy (electricity) from carbon-based sources by utilizing microorganisms as biocatalysts. 26780146 4 58 theme generation 750:759 arg1 stages 761:766 stable voltage generation stages 735:766 stable voltage generation stages 735:766 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 3 59 theme extra 619:623 arg1 mediators 625:633 extra mediators 619:633 extra mediators 619:633 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 60 theme peel 496:499 arg1 byproduct 530:538 an agricultural byproduct 514:538 an agricultural byproduct 514:538 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 60 theme peel 496:499 arg1 OPW 508:510 OPW 508:510 OPW 508:510 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 60 theme peel 496:499 arg1 waste 501:505 orange peel waste 489:505 orange peel waste (OPW) 489:511 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 60 theme peel 496:499 arg1 substrate 555:563 an organic substrate 544:563 an organic substrate 544:563 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 7 61 theme orange 1314:1319 arg1 degradation 1326:1336 orange peel degradation 1314:1336 orange peel degradation in MFCs 1314:1344 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 8 62 theme rRNA 1382:1385 arg1 analysis 1387:1394 16S rRNA analysis 1378:1394 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC 1378:1433 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 3 63 theme mediators 625:633 arg1 pretreatment 587:598 any chemical pretreatment 574:598 any chemical pretreatment 574:598 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 63 theme mediators 625:633 arg1 addition 607:614 the addition 603:614 the addition of extra mediators 603:633 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 1 64 from production 182:191 arg1 generations 207:217 the coming generations 196:217 the coming generations 196:217 Microorganisms have the potential to become a game-changer in sustainable energy production in the coming generations. 26780146 4 65 theme 0.02 675:678 arg1 ± 673:673 ± 673:673 ± 673:673 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 5 66 theme ± 858:858 arg1 2 870:870 2 870:870 2 870:870 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 5 66 theme ± 858:858 arg1 mA/m 865:868 847 ± 18.4 mA/m 854:868 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2) 854:871 The maximum power density and current density obtained were 358.8 ± 15.6 mW/m(2) and 847 ± 18.4 mA/m(2), respectively. 26780146 8 67 theme Bacterial 1347:1355 arg1 identification 1357:1370 Bacterial identification 1347:1370 Bacterial identification 1347:1370 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 7 68 theme polygalacturonase 1193:1209 arg1 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 8 69 from diversity 1516:1524 arg1 composition 1539:1549 community composition 1529:1549 community composition 1529:1549 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 4 70 theme V 680:680 arg1 generation 654:663 A maximum voltage generation 636:663 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) 636:691 A maximum voltage generation of 0.59 ± 0.02 V (at 500 Ω) was achieved in a dual chamber MFC during stable voltage generation stages. 26780146 6 71 theme pure 966:969 arg1 form 971:974 their pure form 960:974 their pure form 960:974 Key components of OPW, namely pectin and cellulose, were also tested in their pure form, with pectin giving a stable current, while no significant current generation was achieved using cellulose alone as the substrate, thus demonstrating the absence of cellulose-degrading bacteria. 26780146 8 72 theme anode 1479:1483 arg1 suspension 1485:1494 the anode suspension 1475:1494 the anode suspension 1475:1494 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 8 73 attach attached 1448:1455 arg2 biofilm 1440:1446 the biofilm 1436:1446 the biofilm attached to the anode 1436:1468 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 8 73 attach attached 1448:1455 arg1 anode 1464:1468 the anode 1460:1468 the anode 1460:1468 Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the initial inoculum fed to the MFC, the biofilm attached to the anode, and the anode suspension, showed significant diversity in community composition. 26780146 7 74 theme U/g 1251:1253 arg1 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 activities 1218:1227 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 7 74 theme U/g 1251:1253 arg1 pectinase 1179:1187 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities 1171:1227 pectinase 1179:1187 Maximum pectinase and polygalacturonase enzyme activities of 18.55 U/g and 9.04 U/g (per gram of substrate), respectively were achieved during orange peel degradation in MFCs. 26780146 3 75 theme agricultural 517:528 arg1 byproduct 530:538 an agricultural byproduct 514:538 an agricultural byproduct 514:538 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26780146 3 75 theme agricultural 517:528 arg1 waste 501:505 orange peel waste 489:505 orange peel waste (OPW) 489:511 This study demonstrated that MFC technology can be explored for bioelectricity production from orange peel waste (OPW), an agricultural byproduct and an organic substrate, without any chemical pretreatment or the addition of extra mediators. 26706528 0 0 theme zeolite 92:98 arg1 dose 100:103 zeolite dose 92:103 zeolite dose 92:103 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 0 1 from characterization 11:26 arg1 properties 117:126 the film properties 108:126 the film properties 108:126 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 11 2 from reduction 1330:1338 arg1 relation 1360:1367 relation 1360:1367 relation to zeolite-free chitosan film 1360:1397 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 3 theme vapor 1171:1175 arg1 one 1193:1195 one 1193:1195 one 1193:1195 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 3 theme vapor 1171:1175 arg1 permeability 1177:1188 The water vapor permeability 1161:1188 The water vapor permeability 1161:1188 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 3 theme vapor 1171:1175 arg1 properties 1209:1218 the main properties 1200:1218 the main properties in wound dressings 1200:1237 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 9 4 theme thermal 973:979 arg1 analysis 981:988 thermal analysis 973:988 thermal analysis 973:988 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 11 5 theme main 1204:1207 arg1 properties 1209:1218 the main properties 1200:1218 the main properties in wound dressings 1200:1237 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 6 6 from addition 687:694 arg1 films 746:750 chitosan films 737:750 chitosan films 737:750 The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films. 26706528 12 7 theme greater 1599:1605 arg1 resistance 1615:1624 greater thermal resistance 1599:1624 greater thermal resistance 1599:1624 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 2 8 theme silver 308:313 arg1 addition 296:303 the addition 292:303 the addition of silver 292:313 The antimicrobial properties of these films may be enhanced by the addition of silver. 26706528 11 9 theme brief 1324:1328 arg1 reduction 1330:1338 a brief reduction 1322:1338 a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film 1322:1397 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 0 10 from Design 0:5 arg1 properties 117:126 the film properties 108:126 the film properties 108:126 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 0 11 theme dose 100:103 arg1 films--Effect 58:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect 31:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose 31:103 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 5 12 theme silver 631:636 arg1 release 620:626 the release 616:626 the release of silver 616:636 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 1 13 used used 151:154 arg2 films 138:142 Chitosan films 129:142 Chitosan films 129:142 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 1 13 used used 151:154 arg2 dressings 165:173 wound dressings 159:173 wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns 159:226 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 9 14 theme color 991:995 arg1 analysis 997:1004 color analysis 991:1004 color analysis 991:1004 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 9 15 theme scanning 1007:1014 arg1 microscopy 1025:1034 scanning electron microscopy 1007:1034 scanning electron microscopy 1007:1034 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 0 16 theme film 112:115 arg1 properties 117:126 the film properties 108:126 the film properties 108:126 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 11 17 theme property 1348:1355 arg1 reduction 1330:1338 a brief reduction 1322:1338 a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film 1322:1397 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 5 18 theme delivery 587:594 arg1 zeolites 558:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 5 18 theme delivery 587:594 arg1 platforms 596:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 5 19 theme drug 582:585 arg1 zeolites 558:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 5 19 theme drug 582:585 arg1 platforms 596:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 2 20 theme films 267:271 arg1 properties 247:256 The antimicrobial properties 229:256 The antimicrobial properties of these films 229:271 The antimicrobial properties of these films may be enhanced by the addition of silver. 26706528 12 21 theme particles 1552:1560 arg1 distribution 1532:1543 the best distribution 1523:1543 the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance 1523:1624 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 1 22 theme wound 159:163 arg1 films 138:142 Chitosan films 129:142 Chitosan films 129:142 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 1 22 theme wound 159:163 arg1 dressings 165:173 wound dressings 159:173 wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns 159:226 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 3 23 theme antimicrobial 328:340 arg1 activity 342:349 the antimicrobial activity 324:349 the antimicrobial activity of silver 324:359 Despite the antimicrobial activity of silver, several studies have reported the cytotoxicity as a factor limiting its biomedical applications. 26706528 12 24 theme lower 1462:1466 arg1 permeation 1480:1489 lower water vapor permeation 1462:1489 lower water vapor permeation 1462:1489 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 6 25 theme study 661:665 arg1 objective 643:651 The objective 639:651 The objective of this study 639:665 The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films. 26706528 3 26 theme several 362:368 arg1 studies 370:376 several studies 362:376 several studies 362:376 Despite the antimicrobial activity of silver, several studies have reported the cytotoxicity as a factor limiting its biomedical applications. 26706528 11 27 theme properties 1209:1218 arg1 one 1193:1195 one 1193:1195 one 1193:1195 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 27 theme properties 1209:1218 arg1 permeability 1177:1188 The water vapor permeability 1161:1188 The water vapor permeability 1161:1188 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 27 theme properties 1209:1218 arg1 properties 1209:1218 the main properties 1200:1218 the main properties in wound dressings 1200:1237 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 5 28 theme Silver 551:556 arg1 zeolites 558:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 5 28 theme Silver 551:556 arg1 platforms 596:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 7 29 theme batch 815:819 arg1 reactor 821:827 a batch reactor 813:827 a batch reactor 813:827 Sodium zeolites were initially subjected to ion-exchange in a batch reactor. 26706528 4 30 theme release 532:538 arg1 provision 509:517 the provision 505:517 the provision of sustained release of silver 505:548 This problem may, however, be circumvented by the provision of sustained release of silver. 26706528 6 31 theme chitosan 737:744 arg1 films 746:750 chitosan films 737:750 chitosan films 737:750 The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films. 26706528 11 32 theme wound 1223:1227 arg1 dressings 1229:1237 wound dressings 1223:1237 wound dressings 1223:1237 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 9 33 theme electron 1016:1023 arg1 microscopy 1025:1034 scanning electron microscopy 1007:1034 scanning electron microscopy 1007:1034 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 3 34 theme silver 354:359 arg1 activity 342:349 the antimicrobial activity 324:349 the antimicrobial activity of silver 324:359 Despite the antimicrobial activity of silver, several studies have reported the cytotoxicity as a factor limiting its biomedical applications. 26706528 4 35 theme sustained 522:530 arg1 release 532:538 sustained release 522:538 sustained release of silver 522:548 This problem may, however, be circumvented by the provision of sustained release of silver. 26706528 8 36 theme w/w 939:941 arg1 % 937:937 0.1 or 0.2% w/w 927:941 0.1 or 0.2% w/w 927:941 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 8 36 theme w/w 939:941 arg1 doses 920:924 two zeolite doses 908:924 two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w) 908:942 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 7 37 theme Sodium 753:758 arg1 zeolites 760:767 Sodium zeolites 753:767 Sodium zeolites 753:767 Sodium zeolites were initially subjected to ion-exchange in a batch reactor. 26706528 8 38 theme casting 853:859 arg1 technique 861:869 casting technique 853:869 casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w) 853:942 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 4 39 theme silver 543:548 arg1 release 532:538 sustained release 522:538 sustained release of silver 522:548 This problem may, however, be circumvented by the provision of sustained release of silver. 26706528 5 40 used used 574:577 arg2 platforms 596:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 drug delivery platforms 582:604 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 5 40 used used 574:577 arg2 zeolites 558:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites 551:565 Silver zeolites can be used as drug delivery platforms to extend the release of silver. 26706528 11 41 theme zeolite-free 1372:1383 arg1 film 1394:1397 zeolite-free chitosan film 1372:1397 zeolite-free chitosan film 1372:1397 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 0 42 theme composite 48:56 arg1 films--Effect 58:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect 31:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose 31:103 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 12 43 theme other 1407:1411 arg1 hand 1413:1416 the other hand 1403:1416 the other hand 1403:1416 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 9 44 theme X-ray 1037:1041 arg1 diffraction 1043:1053 X-ray diffraction 1037:1053 X-ray diffraction 1037:1053 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 1 45 theme chronic 196:202 arg1 wounds 204:209 chronic wounds 196:209 chronic wounds 196:209 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 0 46 theme chitosan/zeolite 31:46 arg1 films--Effect 58:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect 31:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose 31:103 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 11 47 theme zeolite/chitosan 1282:1297 arg1 films 1299:1303 A-type zeolite/chitosan films 1275:1303 A-type zeolite/chitosan films 1275:1303 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 48 theme A-type 1275:1280 arg1 films 1299:1303 A-type zeolite/chitosan films 1275:1303 A-type zeolite/chitosan films 1275:1303 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 6 49 theme zeolites 725:732 arg1 addition 687:694 the addition 683:694 the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films 683:750 The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films. 26706528 3 50 theme biomedical 434:443 arg1 applications 445:456 its biomedical applications 430:456 its biomedical applications 430:456 Despite the antimicrobial activity of silver, several studies have reported the cytotoxicity as a factor limiting its biomedical applications. 26706528 11 51 from properties 1209:1218 arg1 dressings 1229:1237 wound dressings 1223:1237 wound dressings 1223:1237 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 6 52 theme A-type 718:723 arg1 zeolites 725:732 A-type zeolites 718:732 A-type zeolites 718:732 The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films. 26706528 0 53 theme films--Effect 58:70 arg1 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 0 53 theme films--Effect 58:70 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 9 54 theme water 1060:1064 arg1 permeation 1072:1081 water vapor permeation 1060:1081 water vapor permeation 1060:1081 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 8 55 theme chitosan 886:893 arg1 solution 895:902 a 2% w/w chitosan solution 877:902 a 2% w/w chitosan solution 877:902 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 8 56 theme 2 879:879 arg1 % 880:880 % 880:880 % 880:880 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 11 57 theme water 1165:1169 arg1 one 1193:1195 one 1193:1195 one 1193:1195 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 57 theme water 1165:1169 arg1 permeability 1177:1188 The water vapor permeability 1161:1188 The water vapor permeability 1161:1188 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 11 57 theme water 1165:1169 arg1 properties 1209:1218 the main properties 1200:1218 the main properties in wound dressings 1200:1237 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 12 58 theme best 1527:1530 arg1 distribution 1532:1543 the best distribution 1523:1543 the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance 1523:1624 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 6 59 theme clinoptilolite 699:712 arg1 addition 687:694 the addition 683:694 the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films 683:750 The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clinoptilolite and A-type zeolites in chitosan films. 26706528 1 60 theme Chitosan 129:136 arg1 films 138:142 Chitosan films 129:142 Chitosan films 129:142 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 1 60 theme Chitosan 129:136 arg1 dressings 165:173 wound dressings 159:173 wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns 159:226 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 12 61 theme thermal 1607:1613 arg1 resistance 1615:1624 greater thermal resistance 1599:1624 greater thermal resistance 1599:1624 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 12 62 theme water 1468:1472 arg1 permeation 1480:1489 lower water vapor permeation 1462:1489 lower water vapor permeation 1462:1489 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 8 63 theme w/w 882:884 arg1 solution 895:902 a 2% w/w chitosan solution 877:902 a 2% w/w chitosan solution 877:902 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 8 64 theme % 880:880 arg1 solution 895:902 a 2% w/w chitosan solution 877:902 a 2% w/w chitosan solution 877:902 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 9 65 theme vapor 1066:1070 arg1 permeation 1072:1081 water vapor permeation 1060:1081 water vapor permeation 1060:1081 Films were characterized by thermal analysis, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water vapor permeation. 26706528 11 66 theme chitosan 1385:1392 arg1 film 1394:1397 zeolite-free chitosan film 1372:1397 zeolite-free chitosan film 1372:1397 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 12 67 contain containing 1429:1438 arg1 films 1423:1427 the films 1419:1427 the films containing clinoptilolite 1419:1453 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 12 67 contain containing 1429:1438 arg2 clinoptilolite 1440:1453 clinoptilolite 1440:1453 clinoptilolite 1440:1453 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 26706528 1 68 theme severe 215:220 arg1 burns 222:226 severe burns 215:226 severe burns 215:226 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 0 69 theme type 83:86 arg1 films--Effect 58:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect 31:70 chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose 31:103 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 1 70 theme wounds 204:209 arg1 treatment 183:191 the treatment 179:191 the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns 179:226 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 2 71 theme antimicrobial 233:245 arg1 properties 247:256 The antimicrobial properties 229:256 The antimicrobial properties of these films 229:271 The antimicrobial properties of these films may be enhanced by the addition of silver. 26706528 1 72 theme burns 222:226 arg1 treatment 183:191 the treatment 179:191 the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns 179:226 Chitosan films can be used as wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. 26706528 0 73 theme zeolite 75:81 arg1 type 83:86 zeolite type 75:86 zeolite type 75:86 Design and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composite films--Effect of zeolite type and zeolite dose on the film properties. 26706528 8 74 theme zeolite 912:918 arg1 % 937:937 0.1 or 0.2% w/w 927:941 0.1 or 0.2% w/w 927:941 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 8 74 theme zeolite 912:918 arg1 doses 920:924 two zeolite doses 908:924 two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w) 908:942 Films were prepared by casting technique using a 2% w/w chitosan solution and two zeolite doses (0.1 or 0.2% w/w). 26706528 11 75 theme best 1244:1247 arg1 results 1249:1255 the best results 1240:1255 the best results 1240:1255 The water vapor permeability is one of the main properties in wound dressings, the best results were obtained for A-type zeolite/chitosan films, which presented a brief reduction of this property in relation to zeolite-free chitosan film. 26706528 12 76 theme vapor 1474:1478 arg1 permeation 1480:1489 lower water vapor permeation 1462:1489 lower water vapor permeation 1462:1489 On the other hand, the films containing clinoptilolite showed lower water vapor permeation, which may be also explained by the best distribution of the particles into the polymer which also promoted greater thermal resistance. 29042274 6 0 theme ultimate 699:706 arg1 strength 716:723 ultimate tensile strength 699:723 ultimate tensile strength (UTS) 699:729 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 6 0 theme ultimate 699:706 arg1 UTS 726:728 UTS 726:728 UTS 726:728 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 4 1 theme barrier 538:544 arg1 properties 546:555 mechanical and barrier properties 523:555 properties 546:555 The generated nanocomposites exhibited an improvement in mechanical and barrier properties. 29042274 5 2 theme water 617:621 arg1 WVP 643:645 WVP 643:645 WVP 643:645 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 5 2 theme water 617:621 arg1 permeability 629:640 water vapor permeability 617:640 water vapor permeability (WVP) 617:646 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 3 3 theme geometrical 370:380 arg1 characteristics 382:396 The geometrical characteristics 366:396 The geometrical characteristics of the CNC 366:407 The geometrical characteristics of the CNC confirmed that the thickness of CNC was less than 100nm. 29042274 5 4 theme vapor 623:627 arg1 WVP 643:645 WVP 643:645 WVP 643:645 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 5 4 theme vapor 623:627 arg1 permeability 629:640 water vapor permeability 617:640 water vapor permeability (WVP) 617:646 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 2 5 theme force 342:346 arg1 AFM 360:362 AFM 360:362 AFM 360:362 The nanocomposite films were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). 29042274 2 5 theme force 342:346 arg1 microscopy 348:357 atomic force microscopy 335:357 barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) 307:363 The nanocomposite films were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). 29042274 7 6 theme biodegradable 891:903 arg1 packaging 905:913 biodegradable packaging 891:913 biodegradable packaging 891:913 The results suggest that as a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging, CNC is a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates. 29042274 5 7 from absorption 605:614 arg1 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 4 8 from improvement 508:518 arg1 properties 546:555 mechanical and barrier properties 523:555 properties 546:555 The generated nanocomposites exhibited an improvement in mechanical and barrier properties. 29042274 1 9 from composite 178:186 arg1 nanocomposites 112:125 biodegradable nanocomposites 98:125 biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 98:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 2 10 theme barrier 307:313 arg1 analyses 315:322 barrier analyses 307:322 barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) 307:363 The nanocomposite films were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). 29042274 1 11 theme cellulose 206:214 arg1 CNC 230:232 CNC 230:232 CNC 230:232 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 1 11 theme cellulose 206:214 arg1 nanocrystals 216:227 cellulose nanocrystals 206:227 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 206:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 6 12 theme contact 684:690 arg1 angle 692:696 contact angle 684:696 contact angle 684:696 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 3 13 theme CNC 405:407 arg1 characteristics 382:396 The geometrical characteristics 366:396 The geometrical characteristics of the CNC 366:407 The geometrical characteristics of the CNC confirmed that the thickness of CNC was less than 100nm. 29042274 5 14 theme water 599:603 arg1 absorption 605:614 water absorption 599:614 water absorption 599:614 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 1 15 theme biodegradable 98:110 arg1 nanocomposites 112:125 biodegradable nanocomposites 98:125 biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 98:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 3 16 theme CNC 441:443 arg1 less 449:452 less 449:452 less 449:452 The geometrical characteristics of the CNC confirmed that the thickness of CNC was less than 100nm. 29042274 3 16 theme CNC 441:443 arg1 thickness 428:436 the thickness 424:436 the thickness of CNC 424:443 The geometrical characteristics of the CNC confirmed that the thickness of CNC was less than 100nm. 29042274 2 17 theme atomic 335:340 arg1 AFM 360:362 AFM 360:362 AFM 360:362 The nanocomposite films were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). 29042274 2 17 theme atomic 335:340 arg1 microscopy 348:357 atomic force microscopy 335:357 barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) 307:363 The nanocomposite films were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). 29042274 0 18 theme nanocrystal 19:29 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of cellulose nanocrystal 0:29 Study of cellulose nanocrystal doped starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films. 29042274 6 19 theme transition 738:747 arg1 Tg 762:763 Tg 762:763 Tg 762:763 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 6 19 theme transition 738:747 arg1 temperature 749:759 glass transition temperature 732:759 glass transition temperature (Tg) 732:764 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 0 20 theme cellulose 9:17 arg1 nanocrystal 19:29 cellulose nanocrystal 9:29 cellulose nanocrystal 9:29 Study of cellulose nanocrystal doped starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films. 29042274 6 21 theme CNC 817:819 arg1 addition 805:812 addition 805:812 addition of CNC 805:819 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 1 22 theme plasticized 132:142 arg1 composite 178:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite 132:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 132:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 7 23 theme packaging 905:913 arg1 elaboration 876:886 elaboration 876:886 elaboration of biodegradable packaging 876:913 The results suggest that as a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging, CNC is a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates. 29042274 0 24 theme starch-polyvinyl 37:52 arg1 films 79:83 starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films 37:83 starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films 37:83 Study of cellulose nanocrystal doped starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films. 29042274 4 25 theme generated 470:478 arg1 nanocomposites 480:493 The generated nanocomposites 466:493 The generated nanocomposites 466:493 The generated nanocomposites exhibited an improvement in mechanical and barrier properties. 29042274 6 26 theme glass 732:736 arg1 transition 738:747 glass transition 732:747 glass transition temperature (Tg) 732:764 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 5 27 from decrease 575:582 arg1 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 0 28 theme bionanocomposite 62:77 arg1 films 79:83 starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films 37:83 starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films 37:83 Study of cellulose nanocrystal doped starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films. 29042274 1 29 theme starch-polyvinyl 144:159 arg1 composite 178:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite 132:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 132:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 0 30 theme alcohol 54:60 arg1 films 79:83 starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films 37:83 starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films 37:83 Study of cellulose nanocrystal doped starch-polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films. 29042274 5 31 from strain 653:658 arg1 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 2 32 theme nanocomposite 240:252 arg1 films 254:258 The nanocomposite films 236:258 The nanocomposite films 236:258 The nanocomposite films were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and barrier analyses as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). 29042274 1 33 theme alcohol 161:167 arg1 composite 178:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite 132:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 132:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 6 34 theme melting 770:776 arg1 Tm 785:786 Tm 785:786 Tm 785:786 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 6 34 theme melting 770:776 arg1 point 778:782 melting point 770:782 melting point (Tm) 770:787 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 7 35 theme green 852:856 arg1 reinforcement 858:870 a green reinforcement 850:870 a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging 850:913 The results suggest that as a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging, CNC is a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates. 29042274 7 36 theme mineral 946:952 arg1 reinforcement 954:966 mineral reinforcement 946:966 mineral reinforcement such as silicates 946:984 The results suggest that as a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging, CNC is a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates. 29042274 7 37 theme good 925:928 arg1 replacement 930:940 a good replacement 923:940 a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates 923:984 The results suggest that as a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging, CNC is a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates. 29042274 7 37 theme good 925:928 arg1 CNC 916:918 CNC 916:918 CNC 916:918 The results suggest that as a green reinforcement for elaboration of biodegradable packaging, CNC is a good replacement for mineral reinforcement such as silicates. 29042274 1 38 theme PS-PVA 170:175 arg1 composite 178:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite 132:186 plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 132:233 We prepared biodegradable nanocomposites from plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PS-PVA) composite incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 29042274 5 39 from permeability 629:640 arg1 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 solubility 587:596 The films showed decrease in solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), and strain at break (SB). 29042274 4 40 theme mechanical 523:532 arg1 properties 546:555 mechanical and barrier properties 523:555 properties 546:555 The generated nanocomposites exhibited an improvement in mechanical and barrier properties. 29042274 6 41 theme tensile 708:714 arg1 strength 716:723 ultimate tensile strength 699:723 ultimate tensile strength (UTS) 699:729 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 29042274 6 41 theme tensile 708:714 arg1 UTS 726:728 UTS 726:728 UTS 726:728 However, contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) increased after addition of CNC. 26970695 1 0 theme microbial 270:278 arg1 cells 285:289 microbial fuel cells 270:289 microbial fuel cells 270:289 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 2 1 used used 313:316 arg2 NF 305:306 NF 305:306 NF 305:306 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 1 used used 313:316 arg2 foam 299:302 Nickel foam 292:302 Nickel foam (NF) 292:307 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 1 used used 313:316 arg2 substrate 336:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 2 theme Nickel 292:297 arg1 NF 305:306 NF 305:306 NF 305:306 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 2 theme Nickel 292:297 arg1 foam 299:302 Nickel foam 292:302 Nickel foam (NF) 292:307 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 2 theme Nickel 292:297 arg1 substrate 336:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 1 3 theme fuel 280:283 arg1 cells 285:289 microbial fuel cells 270:289 microbial fuel cells 270:289 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 5 4 theme maximum 863:869 arg1 removal 900:906 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal 861:906 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93% 861:916 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 4 5 theme maximum 613:619 arg1 density 627:633 A maximum power density 611:633 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) 611:675 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 4 6 theme anode 709:713 arg1 case 697:700 the case 693:700 the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit 693:755 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 5 7 theme coulombic 835:843 arg1 efficiency 845:854 14.7% coulombic efficiency 829:854 14.7% coulombic efficiency 829:854 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 4 8 theme 18.8Wm 638:643 arg1 density 627:633 A maximum power density 611:633 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) 611:675 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 6 9 from matrix 1001:1006 arg1 embedded 976:983 embedded 976:983 embedded 976:983 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 0 10 theme Acetobacter 74:84 arg1 aceti 86:90 Acetobacter aceti 74:90 Acetobacter aceti 74:90 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 0 10 theme Acetobacter 74:84 arg1 roseus 110:115 Gluconobacter roseus 96:115 Gluconobacter roseus 96:115 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 0 10 theme Acetobacter 74:84 arg1 biocatalysts 122:133 a biocatalysts 120:133 a biocatalysts 120:133 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 5 11 theme external 792:799 arg1 resistance 801:810 a constant external resistance 781:810 a constant external resistance of (50Ω) 781:819 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 4 12 dep 18.8Wm 638:643 arg1 times 655:659 ≈2.3 times 650:659 ≈2.3 times higher than NF 650:674 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 0 13 theme Gluconobacter 96:108 arg1 aceti 86:90 Acetobacter aceti 74:90 Acetobacter aceti 74:90 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 0 13 theme Gluconobacter 96:108 arg1 roseus 110:115 Gluconobacter roseus 96:115 Gluconobacter roseus 96:115 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 0 13 theme Gluconobacter 96:108 arg1 biocatalysts 122:133 a biocatalysts 120:133 a biocatalysts 120:133 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 0 14 from anode 39:43 arg1 cell 63:66 microbial fuel cell 48:66 microbial fuel cell 48:66 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 6 15 theme further 1058:1064 arg1 development 1066:1076 further development 1058:1076 further development 1058:1076 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 3 16 used used 443:446 arg2 biocatalysts 569:580 biocatalysts 569:580 biocatalysts 569:580 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 16 used used 443:446 arg2 wine 590:593 bad wine 586:593 bad wine 586:593 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 16 used used 443:446 arg2 types 362:366 Four different types 347:366 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) 347:419 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 6 17 theme catalytic 956:964 arg1 materials 966:974 the catalytic materials 952:974 the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix 952:1006 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 3 18 theme different 352:360 arg1 biocatalysts 569:580 biocatalysts 569:580 biocatalysts 569:580 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 18 theme different 352:360 arg1 wine 590:593 bad wine 586:593 bad wine 586:593 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 18 theme different 352:360 arg1 types 362:366 Four different types 347:366 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) 347:419 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 19 dep biocatalysts 569:580 arg1 the 565:567 the 565:567 the 565:567 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 20 theme batch 451:455 arg1 cells 477:481 batch type microbial fuel cells 451:481 batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 451:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 6 21 from embedded 976:983 arg1 matrix 1001:1006 the chitosan matrix 988:1006 the chitosan matrix 988:1006 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 1 22 theme titanium 225:232 arg1 TC 243:244 TC 243:244 TC 243:244 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 1 22 theme titanium 225:232 arg1 carbide 234:240 titanium carbide 225:240 titanium carbide (TC) 225:245 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 5 23 theme chemical 871:878 arg1 demand 887:892 chemical oxygen demand 871:892 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93% 861:916 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 5 23 theme chemical 871:878 arg1 COD 895:897 COD 895:897 COD 895:897 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 3 24 theme type 457:460 arg1 cells 477:481 batch type microbial fuel cells 451:481 batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 451:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 6 25 contain have 1038:1041 arg1 materials 966:974 the catalytic materials 952:974 the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix 952:1006 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 6 25 contain have 1038:1041 arg2 potentials 1043:1052 potentials 1043:1052 potentials for further development 1043:1076 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 1 26 theme materials 167:175 arg1 use 160:162 the use 156:162 the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) 156:245 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 1 26 theme materials 167:175 arg1 materials 256:264 anode materials 250:264 anode materials for microbial fuel cells 250:289 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 6 27 theme chitosan 992:999 arg1 matrix 1001:1006 the chitosan matrix 988:1006 the chitosan matrix 988:1006 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 4 28 theme PANI/TC/Chit 744:755 arg1 PANI/TC/Chit 744:755 PANI/TC/Chit 744:755 PANI/TC/Chit 744:755 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 4 28 theme PANI/TC/Chit 744:755 arg1 composite 731:739 a composite 729:739 a composite of PANI/TC/Chit 729:755 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 2 29 theme anode 330:334 arg1 substrate 336:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 29 theme anode 330:334 arg1 foam 299:302 Nickel foam 292:302 Nickel foam (NF) 292:307 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 0 30 theme composites 10:19 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of composites 0:19 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 3 31 theme aceti 531:535 arg1 consortium 505:514 a mixed consortium 497:514 a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 497:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 4 32 theme power 621:625 arg1 density 627:633 A maximum power density 611:633 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) 611:675 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 2 33 theme base 325:328 arg1 substrate 336:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 the base anode substrate 321:344 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 2 33 theme base 325:328 arg1 foam 299:302 Nickel foam 292:302 Nickel foam (NF) 292:307 Nickel foam (NF) was used as the base anode substrate. 26970695 0 34 theme foam 34:37 arg1 anode 39:43 nickel foam anode 27:43 nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell 27:66 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 5 35 theme constant 783:790 arg1 resistance 801:810 a constant external resistance 781:810 a constant external resistance of (50Ω) 781:819 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 6 36 theme best 1017:1020 arg1 performance 1022:1032 the best performance 1013:1032 the best performance 1013:1032 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 5 37 theme demand 887:892 arg1 removal 900:906 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal 861:906 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93% 861:916 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 5 38 theme 14.7 829:832 arg1 % 833:833 % 833:833 % 833:833 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 0 39 theme nickel 27:32 arg1 anode 39:43 nickel foam anode 27:43 nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell 27:66 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 6 40 theme embedded 976:983 arg1 materials 966:974 the catalytic materials 952:974 the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix 952:1006 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 4 41 theme higher 661:666 arg1 times 655:659 ≈2.3 times 650:659 ≈2.3 times higher than NF 650:674 A maximum power density of 18.8Wm(-3) (≈2.3 times higher than NF) was obtained in the case of the anode modified with a composite of PANI/TC/Chit. 26970695 5 42 theme oxygen 880:885 arg1 demand 887:892 chemical oxygen demand 871:892 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93% 861:916 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 5 42 theme oxygen 880:885 arg1 COD 895:897 COD 895:897 COD 895:897 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 3 43 theme Acetobacter 519:529 arg1 aceti 531:535 Acetobacter aceti 519:535 Acetobacter aceti 519:535 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 44 theme microbial 462:470 arg1 cells 477:481 batch type microbial fuel cells 451:481 batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 451:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 6 45 theme overall 923:929 arg1 results 931:937 The overall results 919:937 The overall results 919:937 The overall results suggest that the catalytic materials embedded in the chitosan matrix show the best performance and have potentials for further development. 26970695 1 46 theme anode 250:254 arg1 use 160:162 the use 156:162 the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) 156:245 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 1 46 theme anode 250:254 arg1 materials 256:264 anode materials 250:264 anode materials for microbial fuel cells 250:289 This study explores the use of materials such as chitosan (chit), polyaniline (PANI) and titanium carbide (TC) as anode materials for microbial fuel cells. 26970695 5 47 theme % 916:916 arg1 removal 900:906 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal 861:906 a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93% 861:916 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 3 48 theme fuel 472:475 arg1 cells 477:481 batch type microbial fuel cells 451:481 batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 451:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 49 theme mixed 499:503 arg1 consortium 505:514 a mixed consortium 497:514 a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 497:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 5 50 theme % 833:833 arg1 efficiency 845:854 14.7% coulombic efficiency 829:854 14.7% coulombic efficiency 829:854 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 3 51 theme Gluconobacter 541:553 arg1 roseus 555:560 Gluconobacter roseus 541:560 Gluconobacter roseus 541:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 5 52 theme 50Ω 816:818 arg1 resistance 801:810 a constant external resistance 781:810 a constant external resistance of (50Ω) 781:819 The MFCs running under a constant external resistance of (50Ω) yielded 14.7% coulombic efficiency with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 87-93%. 26970695 0 53 theme fuel 58:61 arg1 cell 63:66 microbial fuel cell 48:66 microbial fuel cell 48:66 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 3 54 theme roseus 555:560 arg1 consortium 505:514 a mixed consortium 497:514 a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus 497:560 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 55 dep anodes 371:376 arg1 NF/PANI 383:389 NF/PANI 383:389 NF/PANI 383:389 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 55 dep anodes 371:376 arg1 NF 379:380 NF 379:380 NF 379:380 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 55 dep anodes 371:376 arg1 NF/PANI/TC/Chit 404:418 NF/PANI/TC/Chit 404:418 NF/PANI/TC/Chit 404:418 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 55 dep anodes 371:376 arg1 NF/PANI/TC 392:401 NF/PANI/TC 392:401 NF/PANI/TC 392:401 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 56 theme anodes 371:376 arg1 biocatalysts 569:580 biocatalysts 569:580 biocatalysts 569:580 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 56 theme anodes 371:376 arg1 wine 590:593 bad wine 586:593 bad wine 586:593 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 56 theme anodes 371:376 arg1 types 362:366 Four different types 347:366 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) 347:419 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 0 57 theme microbial 48:56 arg1 cell 63:66 microbial fuel cell 48:66 microbial fuel cell 48:66 Effect of composites based nickel foam anode in microbial fuel cell using Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as a biocatalysts. 26970695 3 58 theme bad 586:588 arg1 wine 590:593 bad wine 586:593 bad wine 586:593 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 26970695 3 58 theme bad 586:588 arg1 types 362:366 Four different types 347:366 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) 347:419 Four different types of anodes (NF, NF/PANI, NF/PANI/TC, NF/PANI/TC/Chit) are thus prepared and used in batch type microbial fuel cells operated with a mixed consortium of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus as the biocatalysts and bad wine as a feedstock. 27083813 8 0 theme pollutant 1176:1184 arg1 treatment 1186:1194 water pollutant treatment 1170:1194 water pollutant treatment 1170:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 4 1 theme equilibrium 506:516 arg1 isotherms 529:537 equilibrium adsorption isotherms 506:537 equilibrium adsorption isotherms 506:537 Results from equilibrium adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption behavior was well-fitted to Langmuir model. 27083813 8 2 theme adsorption 1059:1068 arg1 capacity 1070:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 6 3 theme removal 753:759 arg1 % 797:797 nearly 90% 788:797 nearly 90% 788:797 The removal efficiency of MB was still nearly 90% after 3 cycles. 27083813 6 3 theme removal 753:759 arg1 efficiency 761:770 The removal efficiency 749:770 The removal efficiency of MB 749:776 The removal efficiency of MB was still nearly 90% after 3 cycles. 27083813 8 4 theme water 1170:1174 arg1 treatment 1186:1194 water pollutant treatment 1170:1194 water pollutant treatment 1170:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 4 5 from isotherms 529:537 arg1 Results 493:499 Results 493:499 Results from equilibrium adsorption isotherms 493:537 Results from equilibrium adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption behavior was well-fitted to Langmuir model. 27083813 5 6 theme adsorption 695:704 arg1 process 706:712 the column adsorption process 684:712 the column adsorption process 684:712 The composite foams reinforced by CNF were dimensionally stable during the column adsorption process and could be reused after elution. 27083813 8 7 theme treatment 1186:1194 arg1 application 1155:1165 the future practical application 1134:1165 the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1134:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 8 theme novel 930:934 arg1 desirable 1111:1119 a desirable 1109:1119 a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1109:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 8 theme novel 930:934 arg1 foam 946:949 this novel composite foam 925:949 this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration 925:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 7 9 theme composite 878:886 arg1 foams 888:892 composite foams 878:892 composite foams 878:892 Furthermore, other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams were also explored. 27083813 3 10 theme adsorption-desorption 464:484 arg1 tests 486:490 column adsorption-desorption tests 457:490 column adsorption-desorption tests 457:490 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 2 11 theme foams 286:290 arg1 structures 233:242 structures 233:242 structures 233:242 The structures, morphologies and properties of composite foams supported by nanofibrils were characterized. 27083813 2 11 theme foams 286:290 arg1 properties 262:271 properties 262:271 properties 262:271 The structures, morphologies and properties of composite foams supported by nanofibrils were characterized. 27083813 2 11 theme foams 286:290 arg1 morphologies 245:256 morphologies 245:256 morphologies 245:256 The structures, morphologies and properties of composite foams supported by nanofibrils were characterized. 27083813 8 12 theme cationic 1033:1040 arg1 pollutants 1042:1051 cationic pollutants 1033:1051 cationic pollutants 1033:1051 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 2 13 theme composite 276:284 arg1 foams 286:290 composite foams 276:290 composite foams supported by nanofibrils 276:315 The structures, morphologies and properties of composite foams supported by nanofibrils were characterized. 27083813 1 14 theme adsorbent 172:180 arg1 column 165:170 a column adsorbent 163:180 a column adsorbent 163:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 0 15 theme oxide/chitin 9:20 arg1 composite 33:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite 0:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite 0:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite foams as column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants. 27083813 8 16 theme regeneration 1092:1103 arg1 capacity 1070:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 16 theme regeneration 1092:1103 arg1 ease 1084:1087 ease 1084:1087 ease of regeneration 1084:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 16 theme regeneration 1092:1103 arg1 stability 998:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 3 17 theme special 342:348 arg1 case 350:353 a special case 340:353 a special case 340:353 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 3 17 theme special 342:348 arg1 adsorption 360:369 the adsorption 356:369 the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF 356:402 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 0 18 theme Graphene 0:7 arg1 composite 33:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite 0:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite 0:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite foams as column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants. 27083813 1 19 theme novel 96:100 arg1 foam 155:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam 94:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent 94:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 7 20 theme organic 847:853 arg1 pollutants 855:864 other inorganic or organic pollutants 828:864 other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams 828:892 Furthermore, other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams were also explored. 27083813 5 21 theme column 688:693 arg1 process 706:712 the column adsorption process 684:712 the column adsorption process 684:712 The composite foams reinforced by CNF were dimensionally stable during the column adsorption process and could be reused after elution. 27083813 3 22 theme methylene 374:382 arg1 case 350:353 a special case 340:353 a special case 340:353 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 3 22 theme methylene 374:382 arg1 adsorption 360:369 the adsorption 356:369 the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF 356:402 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 7 23 theme other 828:832 arg1 pollutants 855:864 other inorganic or organic pollutants 828:864 other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams 828:892 Furthermore, other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams were also explored. 27083813 5 24 theme composite 617:625 arg1 stable 670:675 stable 670:675 stable 670:675 The composite foams reinforced by CNF were dimensionally stable during the column adsorption process and could be reused after elution. 27083813 5 24 theme composite 617:625 arg1 foams 627:631 The composite foams 613:631 The composite foams reinforced by CNF 613:649 The composite foams reinforced by CNF were dimensionally stable during the column adsorption process and could be reused after elution. 27083813 1 25 theme graphene 102:109 arg1 foam 155:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam 94:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent 94:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 3 26 theme column 457:462 arg1 tests 486:490 column adsorption-desorption tests 457:490 column adsorption-desorption tests 457:490 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 3 27 theme blue 384:387 arg1 methylene 374:382 methylene blue 374:387 methylene blue (MB) 374:392 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 3 27 theme blue 384:387 arg1 MB 390:391 MB 390:391 MB 390:391 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 4 28 theme Langmuir 597:604 arg1 model 606:610 Langmuir model 597:610 Langmuir model 597:610 Results from equilibrium adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption behavior was well-fitted to Langmuir model. 27083813 1 29 theme oxide/chitin 111:122 arg1 foam 155:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam 94:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent 94:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 7 30 theme inorganic 834:842 arg1 pollutants 855:864 other inorganic or organic pollutants 828:864 other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams 828:892 Furthermore, other inorganic or organic pollutants adsorbed by composite foams were also explored. 27083813 1 31 theme aqueous 199:205 arg1 disposal 219:226 aqueous contaminant disposal 199:226 aqueous contaminant disposal 199:226 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 8 32 theme adsorbent 1121:1129 arg1 desirable 1111:1119 a desirable 1109:1119 a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1109:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 32 theme adsorbent 1121:1129 arg1 foam 946:949 this novel composite foam 925:949 this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration 925:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 1 33 theme contaminant 207:217 arg1 disposal 219:226 aqueous contaminant disposal 199:226 aqueous contaminant disposal 199:226 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 3 34 from adsorption 360:369 arg1 GO-CNF 397:402 GO-CNF 397:402 GO-CNF 397:402 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 8 35 with foam 946:949 arg1 capacity 1070:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 35 with foam 946:949 arg1 ease 1084:1087 ease 1084:1087 ease of regeneration 1084:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 35 with foam 946:949 arg1 stability 998:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 35 with foam 946:949 arg1 adsorbent 1019:1027 adsorbent 1019:1027 adsorbent 1019:1027 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 35 with foam 946:949 arg1 properties 967:976 remarkable properties 956:976 remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration 956:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 2 36 dep structures 233:242 arg1 The 229:231 The 229:231 The 229:231 The structures, morphologies and properties of composite foams supported by nanofibrils were characterized. 27083813 8 37 from application 1155:1165 arg1 adsorbent 1121:1129 adsorbent 1121:1129 adsorbent 1121:1129 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 38 theme composite 936:944 arg1 desirable 1111:1119 a desirable 1109:1119 a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1109:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 38 theme composite 936:944 arg1 foam 946:949 this novel composite foam 925:949 this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration 925:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 1 39 theme nanofibrils 124:134 arg1 foam 155:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam 94:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent 94:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 0 40 theme column 52:57 arg1 adsorbents 59:68 column adsorbents 52:68 column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants 52:91 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite foams as column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants. 27083813 8 41 theme remarkable 956:965 arg1 capacity 1070:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 41 theme remarkable 956:965 arg1 ease 1084:1087 ease 1084:1087 ease of regeneration 1084:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 41 theme remarkable 956:965 arg1 stability 998:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 41 theme remarkable 956:965 arg1 adsorbent 1019:1027 adsorbent 1019:1027 adsorbent 1019:1027 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 41 theme remarkable 956:965 arg1 properties 967:976 remarkable properties 956:976 remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration 956:1103 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 4 42 theme adsorption 558:567 arg1 behavior 569:576 the adsorption behavior 554:576 the adsorption behavior 554:576 Results from equilibrium adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption behavior was well-fitted to Langmuir model. 27083813 8 43 theme practical 1145:1153 arg1 application 1155:1165 the future practical application 1134:1165 the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1134:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 1 44 theme GO-CNF 137:142 arg1 foam 155:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam 94:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent 94:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 8 45 from adsorbent 1121:1129 arg1 application 1155:1165 the future practical application 1134:1165 the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1134:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 8 46 theme future 1138:1143 arg1 application 1155:1165 the future practical application 1134:1165 the future practical application of water pollutant treatment 1134:1194 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 6 47 theme MB 775:776 arg1 % 797:797 nearly 90% 788:797 nearly 90% 788:797 The removal efficiency of MB was still nearly 90% after 3 cycles. 27083813 6 47 theme MB 775:776 arg1 efficiency 761:770 The removal efficiency 749:770 The removal efficiency of MB 749:776 The removal efficiency of MB was still nearly 90% after 3 cycles. 27083813 0 48 theme aqueous 74:80 arg1 pollutants 82:91 aqueous pollutants 74:91 aqueous pollutants 74:91 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite foams as column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants. 27083813 1 49 theme composite 145:153 arg1 foam 155:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam 94:158 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent 94:180 A novel graphene oxide/chitin nanofibrils (GO-CNF) composite foam as a column adsorbent was prepared for aqueous contaminant disposal. 27083813 3 50 theme static 435:440 arg1 adsorption 442:451 the static adsorption 431:451 the static adsorption 431:451 As a special case, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on GO-CNF was investigated regarding the static adsorption and column adsorption-desorption tests. 27083813 8 51 theme high 1054:1057 arg1 capacity 1070:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 high adsorption capacity 1054:1077 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 27083813 4 52 theme adsorption 518:527 arg1 isotherms 529:537 equilibrium adsorption isotherms 506:537 equilibrium adsorption isotherms 506:537 Results from equilibrium adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption behavior was well-fitted to Langmuir model. 27083813 0 53 theme nanofibril 22:31 arg1 composite 33:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite 0:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite 0:41 Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite foams as column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants. 27083813 8 54 theme dimensional 986:996 arg1 stability 998:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 dimensional stability 986:1006 Therefore, this novel composite foam with remarkable properties such as dimensional stability, universal adsorbent for cationic pollutants, high adsorption capacity, and ease of regeneration was a desirable adsorbent in the future practical application of water pollutant treatment. 24438623 9 0 from point 1840:1844 arg1 group 1817:1821 the CS group 1810:1821 the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05) 1810:1855 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 10 1 theme bone 1920:1923 arg1 engineering 1932:1942 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 1 theme bone 1920:1923 arg1 composites 1895:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 6 2 theme collagen 1105:1112 arg1 area 1114:1117 collagen area 1105:1117 collagen area 1105:1117 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 9 3 contain had 1787:1789 arg2 scaffold 1796:1803 less scaffold 1791:1803 less scaffold 1791:1803 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 3 contain had 1787:1789 arg1 group 1729:1733 the CS+cells group 1716:1733 the CS+cells group gained 1716:1740 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 0 4 theme Ectopic 0:6 arg1 osteogenesis 8:19 Ectopic osteogenesis 0:19 Ectopic osteogenesis 0:19 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 6 5 theme scaffold 1086:1093 arg1 area 1095:1098 scaffold area 1086:1098 scaffold area 1086:1098 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 4 6 theme CS+cells 688:695 arg1 group 697:701 CS+cells group 688:701 CS+cells group 688:701 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 4 6 theme CS+cells 688:695 arg1 composites 676:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 650:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) 650:702 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 0 7 theme mesenchymal 127:137 arg1 cells 144:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 8 8 dep de 1459:1460 arg1 novo 1462:1465 novo 1462:1465 novo 1462:1465 The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. 24438623 3 9 theme bone 598:601 arg1 formation 603:611 bone formation 598:611 bone formation 598:611 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 10 10 theme excellent 1910:1918 arg1 engineering 1932:1942 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 10 theme excellent 1910:1918 arg1 composites 1895:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 7 11 theme CT 1301:1302 arg1 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 11 theme CT 1301:1302 arg1 values 1304:1309 the CT values 1297:1309 the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group 1297:1343 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 1 12 theme induced 223:229 arg1 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 1 12 theme induced 223:229 arg1 cells 260:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 208:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 208:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 9 13 dep bone 1755:1758 arg1 more 1742:1745 more 1742:1745 more 1742:1745 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 5 14 theme CT 881:882 arg1 values 884:889 the CT values 877:889 the CT values of the implants 877:905 At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the rat femurs were scanned by CT, and the CT values of the implants were measured and comparatively analyzed. 24438623 4 15 theme CS 726:727 arg1 group 729:733 CS group 726:733 CS group 726:733 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 4 15 theme CS 726:727 arg1 scaffolds 715:723 the CS scaffolds 708:723 the CS scaffolds (CS group) 708:734 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 9 16 theme time 1835:1838 arg1 point 1840:1844 the same time point 1826:1844 the same time point (P < 0.05) 1826:1855 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 16 theme time 1835:1838 arg1 < 1849:1849 P < 0.05 1847:1854 P < 0.05 1847:1854 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 1 17 theme Chitosan 170:177 arg1 scaffolds 184:192 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds 159:192 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 159:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 0 18 theme bone 115:118 arg1 cells 144:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 9 19 dep de 1747:1748 arg1 novo 1750:1753 novo 1750:1753 novo 1750:1753 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 1 20 dep promising 297:305 arg1 substitutes 307:317 substitutes 307:317 substitutes for repairing bone defects 307:344 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 2 21 theme scaffold-biodegrading 382:402 arg1 processes 404:412 the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes 361:412 the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes 361:412 Nevertheless, the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes are seldom studied. 24438623 10 22 with accordant 1992:2000 arg1 formation 2016:2024 the bone formation 2007:2024 the bone formation 2007:2024 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 7 23 theme groups 1249:1254 arg1 implants 1229:1236 implants 1229:1236 implants of the two groups 1229:1254 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 4 24 theme rat 774:776 arg1 muscles 784:790 SD rat thigh muscles 771:790 SD rat thigh muscles 771:790 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 7 25 theme CS+cells 1330:1337 arg1 group 1339:1343 the CS+cells group 1326:1343 the CS+cells group 1326:1343 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 5 26 theme implants 898:905 arg1 values 884:889 the CT values 877:889 the CT values of the implants 877:905 At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the rat femurs were scanned by CT, and the CT values of the implants were measured and comparatively analyzed. 24438623 9 27 theme comparative 1675:1685 arg1 results 1696:1702 the comparative analysis results 1671:1702 the comparative analysis results 1671:1702 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 8 28 theme histological 1422:1433 arg1 results 1435:1441 The histological results 1418:1441 The histological results 1418:1441 The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. 24438623 7 29 theme P 1407:1407 arg1 point 1400:1404 the same time point 1386:1404 the same time point (P < 0.05) 1386:1415 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 29 theme P 1407:1407 arg1 < 1409:1409 P < 0.05 1407:1414 P < 0.05 1407:1414 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 30 theme implants 1229:1236 arg1 densities 1216:1224 the densities 1212:1224 the densities of implants of the two groups 1212:1254 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 3 31 theme composites 512:521 arg1 ability 479:485 the osteogenic ability 464:485 the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 464:521 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 0 32 theme tissue 52:57 arg1 engineering 59:69 tissue engineering 52:69 tissue engineering 52:69 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 6 33 theme bone 1075:1078 arg1 area 1080:1083 bone area 1075:1083 bone area 1075:1083 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 3 34 theme CS/osteo-induced 490:505 arg1 composites 512:521 CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 490:521 CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 490:521 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 1 35 theme bone 231:234 arg1 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 1 35 theme bone 231:234 arg1 cells 260:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 208:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 208:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 7 36 theme same 1390:1393 arg1 point 1400:1404 the same time point 1386:1404 the same time point (P < 0.05) 1386:1415 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 36 theme same 1390:1393 arg1 < 1409:1409 P < 0.05 1407:1414 P < 0.05 1407:1414 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 10 37 theme CS/osteo-induced 1873:1888 arg1 engineering 1932:1942 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 37 theme CS/osteo-induced 1873:1888 arg1 composites 1895:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 3 38 theme bone-forming 540:551 arg1 process 553:559 the bone-forming process 536:559 the bone-forming process 536:559 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 8 39 theme scaffolds 1512:1520 arg1 pores 1499:1503 the pores 1495:1503 the pores of the scaffolds 1495:1520 The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. 24438623 1 40 theme mesenchymal 243:253 arg1 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 1 40 theme mesenchymal 243:253 arg1 cells 260:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 208:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 208:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 10 41 theme tissue 1925:1930 arg1 engineering 1932:1942 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 41 theme tissue 1925:1930 arg1 composites 1895:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 4 42 theme BMSC 671:674 arg1 group 697:701 CS+cells group 688:701 CS+cells group 688:701 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 4 42 theme BMSC 671:674 arg1 composites 676:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 650:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) 650:702 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 7 43 theme CS 1374:1375 arg1 group 1377:1381 the CS group 1370:1381 the CS group 1370:1381 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 44 theme de 1747:1748 arg1 bone 1755:1758 de novo bone and collagen formation 1747:1781 bone 1755:1758 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 6 45 theme area 1114:1117 arg1 percentages 1060:1070 the percentages 1056:1070 the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area 1056:1117 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 8 46 theme weeks 1554:1558 arg1 postoperation 1560:1572 2 weeks postoperation 1552:1572 2 weeks postoperation 1552:1572 The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. 24438623 9 47 theme collagen 1764:1771 arg1 formation 1773:1781 de novo bone and collagen formation 1747:1781 formation 1773:1781 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 5 48 theme rat 842:844 arg1 femurs 846:851 the rat femurs 838:851 the rat femurs 838:851 At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the rat femurs were scanned by CT, and the CT values of the implants were measured and comparatively analyzed. 24438623 6 49 theme area 1095:1098 arg1 percentages 1060:1070 the percentages 1056:1070 the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area 1056:1117 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 4 50 theme CS 712:713 arg1 group 729:733 CS group 726:733 CS group 726:733 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 4 50 theme CS 712:713 arg1 scaffolds 715:723 the CS scaffolds 708:723 the CS scaffolds (CS group) 708:734 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 0 51 theme stem 139:142 arg1 cells 144:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 7 52 theme implants 1314:1321 arg1 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 52 theme implants 1314:1321 arg1 values 1304:1309 the CT values 1297:1309 the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group 1297:1343 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 10 53 theme scaffold 1965:1972 arg1 accordant 1992:2000 accordant 1992:2000 accordant 1992:2000 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 53 theme scaffold 1965:1972 arg1 biodegradation 1974:1987 the scaffold biodegradation 1961:1987 the scaffold biodegradation 1961:1987 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 54 dep CONCLUSION 1858:1867 arg1 accordant 1992:2000 accordant 1992:2000 accordant 1992:2000 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 54 dep CONCLUSION 1858:1867 arg1 composites 1895:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 54 dep CONCLUSION 1858:1867 arg1 biodegradation 1974:1987 the scaffold biodegradation 1961:1987 the scaffold biodegradation 1961:1987 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 54 dep CONCLUSION 1858:1867 arg1 engineering 1932:1942 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 55 theme bone 2011:2014 arg1 formation 2016:2024 the bone formation 2007:2024 the bone formation 2007:2024 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 3 56 theme scaffold 617:624 arg1 biodegradation 626:639 scaffold biodegradation 617:639 scaffold biodegradation 617:639 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 9 57 theme CS 1814:1815 arg1 group 1817:1821 the CS group 1810:1821 the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05) 1810:1855 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 58 theme same 1830:1833 arg1 point 1840:1844 the same time point 1826:1844 the same time point (P < 0.05) 1826:1855 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 58 theme same 1830:1833 arg1 < 1849:1849 P < 0.05 1847:1854 P < 0.05 1847:1854 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 1 59 theme bone 333:336 arg1 defects 338:344 bone defects 333:344 bone defects 333:344 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 8 60 theme boneforming 1641:1651 arg1 process 1653:1659 the boneforming process 1637:1659 the boneforming process 1637:1659 The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. 24438623 1 61 theme BACKGROUND 159:168 arg1 CS 180:181 CS 180:181 CS 180:181 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 1 61 theme BACKGROUND 159:168 arg1 Chitosan 170:177 BACKGROUND Chitosan 159:177 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 159:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 4 62 dep METHODS 642:648 arg1 group 697:701 CS+cells group 688:701 CS+cells group 688:701 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 4 62 dep METHODS 642:648 arg1 composites 676:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 650:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) 650:702 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 0 63 theme osteo-induced 101:113 arg1 cells 144:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 9 64 theme P 1847:1847 arg1 point 1840:1844 the same time point 1826:1844 the same time point (P < 0.05) 1826:1855 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 64 theme P 1847:1847 arg1 < 1849:1849 P < 0.05 1847:1854 P < 0.05 1847:1854 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 4 65 theme thigh 778:782 arg1 muscles 784:790 SD rat thigh muscles 771:790 SD rat thigh muscles 771:790 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 0 66 theme marrow 120:125 arg1 cells 144:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 101:148 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 9 67 theme CS+cells 1720:1727 arg1 group 1729:1733 the CS+cells group 1716:1733 the CS+cells group gained 1716:1740 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 6 68 theme Masson 1034:1039 arg1 trichrome 1041:1049 Masson trichrome 1034:1049 Masson trichrome 1034:1049 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 7 69 dep RESULTS 1172:1178 arg1 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 69 dep RESULTS 1172:1178 arg1 showed 1200:1205 showed 1200:1205 showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time 1200:1290 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 69 dep RESULTS 1172:1178 arg1 values 1304:1309 the CT values 1297:1309 the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group 1297:1343 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 0 70 theme scaffold 25:32 arg1 biodegradation 34:47 scaffold biodegradation 25:47 scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering 25:69 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 4 71 theme SD 771:772 arg1 muscles 784:790 SD rat thigh muscles 771:790 SD rat thigh muscles 771:790 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 2 72 theme bone-forming 365:376 arg1 processes 404:412 the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes 361:412 the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes 361:412 Nevertheless, the bone-forming and scaffold-biodegrading processes are seldom studied. 24438623 7 73 from values 1304:1309 arg1 group 1339:1343 the CS+cells group 1326:1343 the CS+cells group 1326:1343 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 9 74 theme analysis 1687:1694 arg1 results 1696:1702 the comparative analysis results 1671:1702 the comparative analysis results 1671:1702 However, the comparative analysis results showed that the CS+cells group gained more de novo bone and collagen formation and had less scaffold than the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 3 75 theme osteogenic 468:477 arg1 ability 479:485 the osteogenic ability 464:485 the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 464:521 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 0 76 theme engineering 59:69 arg1 osteogenesis 8:19 Ectopic osteogenesis 0:19 Ectopic osteogenesis 0:19 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 0 76 theme engineering 59:69 arg1 biodegradation 34:47 scaffold biodegradation 25:47 scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering 25:69 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 6 77 theme area 1080:1083 arg1 percentages 1060:1070 the percentages 1056:1070 the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area 1056:1117 Subsequently, the implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome, and the percentages of bone area, scaffold area, and collagen area were calculated and compared between the two groups. 24438623 8 78 theme de 1459:1460 arg1 bone 1467:1470 the de novo bone 1455:1470 the de novo bone 1455:1470 The histological results showed that the de novo bone and collagen formed in the pores of the scaffolds and gradually increased since 2 weeks postoperation in both groups, and the scaffold gradually degraded along with the boneforming process. 24438623 10 79 theme BMSC 1890:1893 arg1 engineering 1932:1942 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes 1910:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 10 79 theme BMSC 1890:1893 arg1 composites 1895:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 1869:1904 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 4 80 theme CS/osteo-induced 654:669 arg1 group 697:701 CS+cells group 688:701 CS+cells group 688:701 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 4 80 theme CS/osteo-induced 654:669 arg1 composites 676:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 650:685 The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) 650:702 METHODS The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites (CS+cells group) and the CS scaffolds (CS group) were, respectively, implanted into SD rat thigh muscles. 24438623 3 81 theme BMSC 507:510 arg1 composites 512:521 CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 490:521 CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites 490:521 This study aimed to determine the osteogenic ability of CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites by observing the bone-forming process and explore the relationship between bone formation and scaffold biodegradation. 24438623 1 82 theme marrow 236:241 arg1 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 1 82 theme marrow 236:241 arg1 cells 260:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 208:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 208:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 7 83 theme time 1395:1398 arg1 point 1400:1404 the same time point 1386:1404 the same time point (P < 0.05) 1386:1415 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 7 83 theme time 1395:1398 arg1 < 1409:1409 P < 0.05 1407:1414 P < 0.05 1407:1414 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 0 84 dep osteogenesis 8:19 arg1 bone 71:74 bone 71:74 bone 71:74 Ectopic osteogenesis and scaffold biodegradation of tissue engineering bone composed of chitosan and osteo-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. 24438623 10 85 dep engineering 1932:1942 arg1 substitutes 1944:1954 substitutes 1944:1954 substitutes 1944:1954 CONCLUSION The CS/osteo-induced BMSC composites are excellent bone tissue engineering substitutes, and the scaffold biodegradation is accordant with the bone formation. 24438623 7 86 theme imaging 1184:1190 arg1 results 1192:1198 The imaging results 1180:1198 The imaging results 1180:1198 RESULTS The imaging results showed that the densities of implants of the two groups gradually increased along with time, but the CT values of implants in the CS+cells group were much higher than in the CS group at the same time point (P < 0.05). 24438623 1 87 theme stem 255:258 arg1 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BMSCs 267:271 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 24438623 1 87 theme stem 255:258 arg1 cells 260:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 208:264 osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 208:272 BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) scaffolds combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proved to be promising substitutes for repairing bone defects. 27000440 5 0 link 1,5-linked 926:935 arg1 α-l-Araf 937:944 1,5-linked α-l-Araf 926:944 1,5-linked α-l-Araf 926:944 The branches were determined to be T- and 1,4,6-linked β-d-Galp, T- and 1,5-linked α-l-Araf. 27000440 4 1 theme acid 707:710 arg1 hydrolysis 712:721 partial acid hydrolysis 699:721 partial acid hydrolysis 699:721 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 6 2 theme cancer 1009:1014 arg1 cells 1016:1020 PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells 991:1020 PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells 991:1020 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 0 3 from elucidation 11:21 arg1 flowers 40:46 flowers 40:46 flowers of Lonicera japonica 40:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 4 4 theme partial 699:705 arg1 hydrolysis 712:721 partial acid hydrolysis 699:721 partial acid hydrolysis 699:721 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 6 5 theme pancreatic 998:1007 arg1 cells 1016:1020 PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells 991:1020 PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells 991:1020 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 0 6 theme cancer 92:97 arg1 activity 99:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 1 7 dep Lonicera 154:161 arg1 japonica 163:170 Lonicera japonica 154:170 Lonicera japonica 154:170 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 6 8 theme PANC-1 991:996 arg1 cells 1016:1020 PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells 991:1020 PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells 991:1020 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 0 9 theme antipancreatic 77:90 arg1 activity 99:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 1 10 theme Sephacryl 343:351 arg1 column 361:366 Sephacryl S-200HR column 343:366 Sephacryl S-200HR column 343:366 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 4 11 theme NMR 728:730 arg1 spectra 732:738 NMR spectra 728:738 NMR spectra 728:738 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 1 12 theme S-200HR 353:359 arg1 column 361:366 Sephacryl S-200HR column 343:366 Sephacryl S-200HR column 343:366 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 4 13 theme rhamnose 844:851 arg1 C-4 837:839 C-4 837:839 C-4 of rhamnose 837:851 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 1 14 from Lonicera 154:161 arg1 structure 139:147 polysaccharide structure 124:147 polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica 124:170 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 4 15 theme methylation 677:687 arg1 analysis 689:696 methylation analysis 677:696 methylation analysis 677:696 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 5 16 theme 1,4,6-linked 896:907 arg1 β-d-Galp 909:916 β-d-Galp 909:916 β-d-Galp 909:916 The branches were determined to be T- and 1,4,6-linked β-d-Galp, T- and 1,5-linked α-l-Araf. 27000440 3 17 theme molar 525:529 arg1 ratio 531:535 the molar ratio 521:535 the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 521:561 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 6 18 theme % 1089:1089 arg1 ratio 1076:1080 inhibitory ratio 1065:1080 inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively 1065:1113 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 5 19 theme 1,5-linked 926:935 arg1 α-l-Araf 937:944 1,5-linked α-l-Araf 926:944 1,5-linked α-l-Araf 926:944 The branches were determined to be T- and 1,4,6-linked β-d-Galp, T- and 1,5-linked α-l-Araf. 27000440 0 20 from flowers 40:46 arg1 activity 99:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 0 20 from flowers 40:46 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica 0:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 0 20 from flowers 40:46 arg1 pectin 28:33 a pectin 26:33 a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica 26:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 2 21 theme molecular 373:381 arg1 weight 383:388 The molecular weight 369:388 The molecular weight 369:388 The molecular weight was estimated to be 54kDa. 27000440 2 21 theme molecular 373:381 arg1 54kDa 410:414 54kDa 410:414 54kDa 410:414 The molecular weight was estimated to be 54kDa. 27000440 0 22 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica 0:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 6 23 theme BxPC-3 980:985 arg1 growth 1022:1027 BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth 980:1027 BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth 980:1027 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 3 24 theme Monosaccharide 417:430 arg1 composition 432:442 Monosaccharide composition 417:442 Monosaccharide composition 417:442 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 3 25 theme 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 540:561 arg1 ratio 531:535 the molar ratio 521:535 the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 521:561 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 3 26 from derivatives 584:594 arg1 hydrolysis 647:656 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 624:656 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 624:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 5 27 link 1,4,6-linked 896:907 arg1 β-d-Galp 909:916 β-d-Galp 909:916 β-d-Galp 909:916 The branches were determined to be T- and 1,4,6-linked β-d-Galp, T- and 1,5-linked α-l-Araf. 27000440 0 28 dep Lonicera 51:58 arg1 japonica 60:67 Lonicera japonica 51:67 Lonicera japonica 51:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 6 29 theme 1mg/mL 1053:1058 arg1 concentration 1036:1048 the concentration 1032:1048 the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively 1032:1113 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 6 30 theme inhibitory 1065:1074 arg1 ratio 1076:1080 inhibitory ratio 1065:1080 inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively 1065:1113 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 0 31 theme pectin 28:33 arg1 activity 99:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 its antipancreatic cancer activity 73:106 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 0 31 theme pectin 28:33 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica 0:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 3 32 theme acid 642:645 arg1 hydrolysis 647:656 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 624:656 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 624:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 1 33 theme pancreatic 210:219 arg1 cells 221:225 pancreatic cells 210:225 pancreatic cells 210:225 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 3 34 theme PMP 580:582 arg1 derivatives 584:594 the PMP derivatives 576:594 the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 576:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 0 35 from activity 99:106 arg1 flowers 40:46 flowers 40:46 flowers of Lonicera japonica 40:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 3 36 theme 2M 624:625 arg1 acid 642:645 2M trifluoracetic acid 624:645 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 624:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 3 37 from rhamnose 465:472 arg1 ratio 531:535 the molar ratio 521:535 the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 521:561 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 1 38 theme polysaccharide 124:137 arg1 structure 139:147 polysaccharide structure 124:147 polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica 124:170 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 1 39 theme cells 221:225 arg1 effects 187:193 its effects 183:193 its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells 183:225 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 3 40 theme trifluoracetic 627:640 arg1 acid 642:645 2M trifluoracetic acid 624:645 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 624:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 3 41 theme galacturonic 475:486 arg1 acid 488:491 galacturonic acid 475:491 galacturonic acid 475:491 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 3 41 theme galacturonic 475:486 arg1 rhamnose 465:472 rhamnose 465:472 rhamnose 465:472 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 4 42 theme rhamnogalacturonan 783:800 arg1 backbone 802:809 a rhamnogalacturonan backbone 781:809 a rhamnogalacturonan backbone 781:809 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 4 42 theme rhamnogalacturonan 783:800 arg1 polysaccharide 745:758 the polysaccharide 741:758 the polysaccharide 741:758 Based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectra, the polysaccharide was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan backbone and substituted partly at C-4 of rhamnose. 27000440 6 43 with 1mg/mL 1053:1058 arg1 ratio 1076:1080 inhibitory ratio 1065:1080 inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively 1065:1113 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 3 44 theme monosaccharides 603:617 arg1 derivatives 584:594 the PMP derivatives 576:594 the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 576:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 1 45 from effects 187:193 arg1 behavior 198:205 behavior 198:205 behavior 198:205 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 6 46 theme % 1099:1099 arg1 ratio 1076:1080 inhibitory ratio 1065:1080 inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively 1065:1113 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 0 47 theme Lonicera 51:58 arg1 flowers 40:46 flowers 40:46 flowers of Lonicera japonica 40:67 Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. 27000440 1 48 theme japonica 312:319 arg1 flowers 298:304 flowers 298:304 flowers of L. japonica 298:319 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 6 49 theme cells 1016:1020 arg1 growth 1022:1027 BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth 980:1027 BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth 980:1027 The polysaccharide might inhibit BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells growth at the concentration of 1mg/mL with inhibitory ratio of 66.7% and 52.1%, respectively. 27000440 3 50 from hydrolysis 647:656 arg1 derivatives 584:594 the PMP derivatives 576:594 the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 576:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 3 50 from hydrolysis 647:656 arg1 monosaccharides 603:617 the monosaccharides 599:617 the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis 599:656 Monosaccharide composition was determined to be rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 10.77:7.88:15.45:65.89 by analyzing the PMP derivatives of the monosaccharides from 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis via HPLC. 27000440 1 51 theme homogenous 230:239 arg1 LJ-02-1 257:263 LJ-02-1 257:263 LJ-02-1 257:263 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 27000440 1 51 theme homogenous 230:239 arg1 polysaccharide 241:254 a homogenous polysaccharide 228:254 a homogenous polysaccharide 228:254 To investigate polysaccharide structure from Lonicera japonica, and study its effects on behavior of pancreatic cells, a homogenous polysaccharide, LJ-02-1, was extracted and purified from flowers of L. japonica by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200HR column. 24863207 7 0 theme acid 1246:1249 arg1 ratio 1195:1199 the weight ratio 1184:1199 the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1184:1288 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 8 1 theme view 1566:1569 arg1 point 1557:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point 1515:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1515:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 3 2 theme particles 580:588 arg1 pre-treatment 563:575 pre-treatment 563:575 pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent 563:611 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures has been developed including pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent. 24863207 6 3 theme 50 1122:1123 arg1 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 0 4 theme repair 106:111 arg1 applications 113:124 bone repair applications 101:124 bone repair applications 101:124 Fabrication and characterization of novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone repair applications. 24863207 2 5 theme cellulose 394:402 arg1 microcrystals 404:416 cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals 379:416 cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals 379:416 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 5 6 theme prepared 795:802 arg1 nanocomposites 804:817 The prepared nanocomposites 791:817 The prepared nanocomposites 791:817 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 6 7 theme interactions 1022:1033 arg1 presence 1000:1007 the presence 996:1007 the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80% 996:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 6 8 from % 1131:1131 arg1 increase 1072:1079 an increase 1069:1079 an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80% 1069:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 6 8 from % 1131:1131 arg1 crystallinity 1088:1100 the crystallinity 1084:1100 the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80% 1084:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 8 9 theme fabricated 1444:1453 arg1 nanocomposites 1455:1468 the fabricated nanocomposites 1440:1468 the fabricated nanocomposites 1440:1468 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 8 9 theme fabricated 1444:1453 arg1 comparable 1474:1483 comparable 1474:1483 comparable 1474:1483 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 4 10 theme agents 669:674 arg1 ratios 643:648 various weight ratios 628:648 various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents 628:674 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 7 11 theme compressive 1319:1329 arg1 stress 1337:1342 the compressive yield stress 1315:1342 the compressive yield stress 1315:1342 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 6 12 theme molecular 1012:1020 arg1 interactions 1022:1033 molecular interactions 1012:1033 molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80% 1012:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 7 13 theme l-lactide 1236:1244 arg1 acid 1246:1249 microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid 1204:1249 microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid 1204:1249 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 7 14 theme acid 1285:1288 arg1 ratio 1195:1199 the weight ratio 1184:1199 the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1184:1288 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 4 15 theme reinforcing 657:667 arg1 agents 669:674 the reinforcing agents 653:674 the reinforcing agents 653:674 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 4 16 theme nanocomposites 775:788 arg1 properties 757:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties 719:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 719:788 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 3 17 theme used 506:509 arg1 procedures 523:532 commonly used fabrication procedures 497:532 commonly used fabrication procedures 497:532 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures has been developed including pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent. 24863207 1 18 theme novel 189:193 arg1 nanocomposite 206:218 a novel biomimetic nanocomposite 187:218 a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics 187:329 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 5 19 theme electron 894:901 arg1 microscopy 903:912 scanning electron microscopy 885:912 scanning electron microscopy 885:912 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 7 20 theme microcrystalline 1204:1219 arg1 acid 1246:1249 microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid 1204:1249 microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid 1204:1249 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 7 21 theme hydroxyapatite/poly 1255:1273 arg1 acid 1285:1288 hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1255:1288 hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1255:1288 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 6 22 theme 80 1129:1130 arg1 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 1 23 theme biomimetic 195:204 arg1 nanocomposite 206:218 a novel biomimetic nanocomposite 187:218 a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics 187:329 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 8 24 from point 1557:1561 arg1 bone 1505:1508 the trabecular bone 1490:1508 the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1490:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 7 25 theme weight 1188:1193 arg1 ratio 1195:1199 the weight ratio 1184:1199 the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1184:1288 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 4 26 theme chemical 723:730 arg1 properties 757:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties 719:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 719:788 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 6 27 dep % 1124:1124 arg1 to 1126:1127 to 1126:1127 to 1126:1127 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 4 28 theme various 628:634 arg1 ratios 643:648 various weight ratios 628:648 various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents 628:674 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 7 29 from 6.6 1394:1396 arg1 modulus 1381:1387 The Young's modulus 1369:1387 The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively 1369:1419 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 2 30 theme porous 343:348 arg1 nanocomposite 350:362 This novel porous nanocomposite 332:362 This novel porous nanocomposite 332:362 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 7 31 dep 2.2MPa 1358:1363 arg1 0.127 1349:1353 0.127 1349:1353 0.127 1349:1353 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 4 32 theme thermal 733:739 arg1 properties 757:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties 719:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 719:788 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 5 33 theme differential 915:926 arg1 calorimetry 937:947 differential scanning calorimetry 915:947 differential scanning calorimetry 915:947 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 1 34 theme mechanical 304:313 arg1 characteristics 315:329 mechanical characteristics 304:329 mechanical characteristics 304:329 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 5 35 dep transform 852:860 arg1 infrared 862:869 infrared 862:869 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing 852:971 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 7 36 theme Young 1373:1377 arg1 modulus 1381:1387 The Young's modulus 1369:1387 The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively 1369:1419 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 2 37 theme novel 337:341 arg1 nanocomposite 350:362 This novel porous nanocomposite 332:362 This novel porous nanocomposite 332:362 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 5 38 theme scanning 928:935 arg1 calorimetry 937:947 differential scanning calorimetry 915:947 differential scanning calorimetry 915:947 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 4 39 theme ratios 643:648 arg1 effect 618:623 The effect 614:623 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents 614:674 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 4 40 from influence 706:714 arg1 properties 757:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties 719:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 719:788 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 4 41 theme mechanical 746:755 arg1 properties 757:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties 719:766 the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 719:788 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 0 42 theme biomimetic 42:51 arg1 PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 53:81 novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 36:81 novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 36:81 Fabrication and characterization of novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone repair applications. 24863207 4 43 theme weight 636:641 arg1 ratios 643:648 various weight ratios 628:648 various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents 628:674 The effect of various weight ratios of the reinforcing agents was evaluated to assess their influence on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 24863207 5 44 theme compression 953:963 arg1 testing 965:971 compression testing 953:971 compression testing 953:971 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 7 45 dep 0.5 1302:1304 arg1 to 1299:1300 to 1299:1300 to 1299:1300 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 3 46 theme fabrication 511:521 arg1 procedures 523:532 commonly used fabrication procedures 497:532 commonly used fabrication procedures 497:532 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures has been developed including pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent. 24863207 0 47 theme novel 36:40 arg1 PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 53:81 novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 36:81 novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 36:81 Fabrication and characterization of novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone repair applications. 24863207 3 48 theme unique 475:480 arg1 combination 482:492 A unique combination 473:492 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures 473:532 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures has been developed including pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent. 24863207 3 49 theme procedures 523:532 arg1 combination 482:492 A unique combination 473:492 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures 473:532 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures has been developed including pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent. 24863207 5 50 theme scanning 885:892 arg1 microscopy 903:912 scanning electron microscopy 885:912 scanning electron microscopy 885:912 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 7 51 theme yield 1331:1335 arg1 stress 1337:1342 the compressive yield stress 1315:1342 the compressive yield stress 1315:1342 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 7 52 theme test 1146:1149 arg1 results 1151:1157 Compression test results 1134:1157 Compression test results 1134:1157 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 6 53 theme crystallinity 1088:1100 arg1 increase 1072:1079 an increase 1069:1079 an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80% 1069:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 2 54 theme cotton-sourced 379:392 arg1 microcrystals 404:416 cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals 379:416 cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals 379:416 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 0 55 theme PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 53:81 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Fabrication and characterization of novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone repair applications. 24863207 0 55 theme PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite 53:81 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and characterization of novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone repair applications. 24863207 2 56 theme l-lactide 457:465 arg1 acid 467:470 poly l-lactide acid 452:470 poly l-lactide acid 452:470 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 8 57 theme compositional 1515:1527 arg1 point 1557:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point 1515:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1515:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 1 58 theme research 147:154 arg1 purpose 131:137 The purpose 127:137 The purpose of this research 127:154 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 5 59 dep Fourier 844:850 arg1 transform 852:860 transform 852:860 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing 852:971 The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. 24863207 6 60 from increase 1072:1079 arg1 % 1131:1131 50% to 80% 1122:1131 50% to 80% 1122:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 7 61 theme l-lactide 1275:1283 arg1 acid 1285:1288 hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1255:1288 hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid 1255:1288 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 8 62 theme trabecular 1494:1503 arg1 bone 1505:1508 the trabecular bone 1490:1508 the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1490:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 7 63 theme Compression 1134:1144 arg1 results 1151:1157 Compression test results 1134:1157 Compression test results 1134:1157 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 8 64 with comparable 1474:1483 arg1 bone 1505:1508 the trabecular bone 1490:1508 the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1490:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 8 65 theme structural 1530:1539 arg1 point 1557:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point 1515:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1515:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 7 66 theme cellulose/poly 1221:1234 arg1 acid 1246:1249 microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid 1204:1249 microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid 1204:1249 Compression test results revealed that increasing the weight ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/poly l-lactide acid and hydroxyapatite/poly l-lactide acid from 0.1 to 0.5 enhanced the compressive yield stress from 0.127 to 2.2MPa and The Young's modulus from 6.6 to 38MPa, respectively. 24863207 1 67 theme real 258:261 arg1 bone 263:266 real bone 258:266 real bone 258:266 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 0 68 theme bone 101:104 arg1 applications 113:124 bone repair applications 101:124 bone repair applications 101:124 Fabrication and characterization of novel biomimetic PLLA/cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone repair applications. 24863207 8 69 theme mechanical 1546:1555 arg1 point 1557:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point 1515:1561 compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view 1515:1569 It was found that the fabricated nanocomposites are comparable with the trabecular bone from compositional, structural, and mechanical point of view. 24863207 2 70 theme hydroxyapatite 419:432 arg1 nanoparticles 434:446 hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 419:446 hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 419:446 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 2 71 theme poly 452:455 arg1 acid 467:470 poly l-lactide acid 452:470 poly l-lactide acid 452:470 This novel porous nanocomposite is composed of cotton-sourced cellulose microcrystals, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly l-lactide acid. 24863207 1 72 theme bone 263:266 arg1 characteristics 315:329 mechanical characteristics 304:329 mechanical characteristics 304:329 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 1 72 theme bone 263:266 arg1 morphology 276:285 morphology 276:285 morphology 276:285 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 1 72 theme bone 263:266 arg1 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 1 72 theme bone 263:266 arg1 properties 244:253 the properties 240:253 the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics 240:329 The purpose of this research is to develop and characterize a novel biomimetic nanocomposite that closely mimics the properties of real bone such as morphology, composition and mechanical characteristics. 24863207 6 73 theme polymer 1109:1115 arg1 crystallinity 1088:1100 the crystallinity 1084:1100 the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80% 1084:1131 Our results indicated the presence of molecular interactions between all components leading to an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer from 50% to 80%. 24863207 3 74 theme coupling 598:605 arg1 agent 607:611 a coupling agent 596:611 a coupling agent 596:611 A unique combination of commonly used fabrication procedures has been developed including pre-treatment of particles using a coupling agent. 28618219 5 0 theme inherent 877:884 arg1 biocompatibilities 886:903 the inherent biocompatibilities 873:903 the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA 873:929 In our findings, the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA contributed the bone cell adhesion and osteoconduction. 28618219 1 1 theme bone 254:257 arg1 materials 268:276 bone grafting materials 254:276 bone grafting materials 254:276 Chitin exists abundantly in crab and shrimp shells as the template of the minerals, which inspired us to mineralize it for fabricating bone grafting materials. 28618219 0 2 theme Bone 100:103 arg1 Regeneration 105:116 Bone Regeneration 100:116 Bone Regeneration 100:116 Hierarchical Microspheres Constructed from Chitin Nanofibers Penetrated Hydroxyapatite Crystals for Bone Regeneration. 28618219 7 3 with rabbits 1169:1175 arg1 defect 1196:1201 1.5 cm radius defect 1182:1201 1.5 cm radius defect 1182:1201 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 9 4 theme organic-inorganic 1559:1575 arg1 microspheres 1584:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1537:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration 1537:1617 This work opened up a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration. 28618219 1 5 theme grafting 259:266 arg1 materials 268:276 bone grafting materials 254:276 bone grafting materials 254:276 Chitin exists abundantly in crab and shrimp shells as the template of the minerals, which inspired us to mineralize it for fabricating bone grafting materials. 28618219 6 6 theme cell 1104:1107 arg1 adhesion 1109:1116 in vitro cell adhesion 1095:1116 in vitro cell adhesion 1095:1116 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 7 7 theme biocompatibilities 1346:1363 arg1 rabbits 1169:1175 rabbits 1169:1175 rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect 1169:1201 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 7 7 theme biocompatibilities 1346:1363 arg1 result 1298:1303 a result 1296:1303 a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres 1296:1393 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 7 8 from months 1245:1250 arg1 factor- 1264:1270 a growth factor- 1255:1270 a growth factor- 1255:1270 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 7 8 from months 1245:1250 arg1 state 1286:1290 cell-free state 1276:1290 cell-free state 1276:1290 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 5 9 theme bone 947:950 arg1 adhesion 957:964 the bone cell adhesion 943:964 the bone cell adhesion 943:964 In our findings, the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA contributed the bone cell adhesion and osteoconduction. 28618219 7 10 theme radius 1189:1194 arg1 defect 1196:1201 1.5 cm radius defect 1182:1201 1.5 cm radius defect 1182:1201 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 5 11 theme cell 952:955 arg1 adhesion 957:964 the bone cell adhesion 943:964 the bone cell adhesion 943:964 In our findings, the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA contributed the bone cell adhesion and osteoconduction. 28618219 2 12 theme present 286:292 arg1 work 294:297 the present work 282:297 the present work 282:297 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 5 13 theme chitin 917:922 arg1 biocompatibilities 886:903 the inherent biocompatibilities 873:903 the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA 873:929 In our findings, the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA contributed the bone cell adhesion and osteoconduction. 28618219 7 14 theme cm 1186:1187 arg1 defect 1196:1201 1.5 cm radius defect 1182:1201 1.5 cm radius defect 1182:1201 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 7 15 theme microspheres 1382:1393 arg1 biocompatibilities 1346:1363 biocompatibilities 1346:1363 biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres 1346:1393 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 7 15 theme microspheres 1382:1393 arg1 microstructure 1327:1340 the unique surface microstructure 1308:1340 the unique surface microstructure 1308:1340 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 6 16 theme submicron-sphere 1046:1061 arg1 crystals 1066:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 6 17 theme in 1095:1096 arg1 adhesion 1109:1116 in vitro cell adhesion 1095:1116 in vitro cell adhesion 1095:1116 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 2 18 theme chitin 505:510 arg1 nanofibers 512:521 long chitin nanofibers 500:521 long chitin nanofibers 500:521 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 19 dep in 360:361 arg1 situ 363:366 situ 363:366 situ 363:366 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 20 theme hydroxyapatite 381:394 arg1 submicron-needles 433:449 submicron-needles 433:449 submicron-needles 433:449 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 20 theme hydroxyapatite 381:394 arg1 submicron-spheres 456:472 submicron-spheres 456:472 submicron-spheres 456:472 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 20 theme hydroxyapatite 381:394 arg1 microflakes 420:430 microflakes 420:430 microflakes 420:430 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 20 theme hydroxyapatite 381:394 arg1 crystals 401:408 hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals 381:408 hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals 381:408 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 9 21 theme polymer-based 1545:1557 arg1 microspheres 1584:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1537:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration 1537:1617 This work opened up a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration. 28618219 2 22 used used 337:340 arg2 microspheres 319:330 chitin nanofibrous microspheres 300:330 chitin nanofibrous microspheres 300:330 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 22 used used 337:340 arg2 matrix 349:354 the matrix 345:354 the matrix 345:354 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 4 23 theme noncovanlent 722:733 arg1 bonds 735:739 the noncovanlent bonds 718:739 the noncovanlent bonds 718:739 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds occurred in the composite microspheres, and HAs were homogeneously dispersed and bounded to the chitin nanofibers. 28618219 1 24 theme minerals 193:200 arg1 template 177:184 the template 173:184 the template of the minerals, which inspired us to mineralize it for fabricating bone grafting materials 173:276 Chitin exists abundantly in crab and shrimp shells as the template of the minerals, which inspired us to mineralize it for fabricating bone grafting materials. 28618219 0 25 theme Hierarchical 0:11 arg1 Microspheres 13:24 Hierarchical Microspheres 0:24 Hierarchical Microspheres Constructed from Chitin Nanofibers 0:59 Hierarchical Microspheres Constructed from Chitin Nanofibers Penetrated Hydroxyapatite Crystals for Bone Regeneration. 28618219 4 26 theme chitin 837:842 arg1 nanofibers 844:853 the chitin nanofibers 833:853 the chitin nanofibers 833:853 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds occurred in the composite microspheres, and HAs were homogeneously dispersed and bounded to the chitin nanofibers. 28618219 2 27 theme nanofibrous 307:317 arg1 matrix 349:354 the matrix 345:354 the matrix 345:354 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 27 theme nanofibrous 307:317 arg1 microspheres 319:330 chitin nanofibrous microspheres 300:330 chitin nanofibrous microspheres 300:330 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 9 28 theme natural 1537:1543 arg1 microspheres 1584:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1537:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration 1537:1617 This work opened up a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration. 28618219 7 29 theme surface 1319:1325 arg1 microstructure 1327:1340 the unique surface microstructure 1308:1340 the unique surface microstructure 1308:1340 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 8 30 theme microsphere 1400:1410 arg1 scaffold 1412:1419 The microsphere scaffold 1396:1419 The microsphere scaffold 1396:1419 The microsphere scaffold displayed excellent biofunctions and an appropriate biodegradability. 28618219 2 31 theme chitin 300:305 arg1 matrix 349:354 the matrix 345:354 the matrix 345:354 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 2 31 theme chitin 300:305 arg1 microspheres 319:330 chitin nanofibrous microspheres 300:330 chitin nanofibrous microspheres 300:330 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 6 32 theme HA 1063:1064 arg1 crystals 1066:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 5 33 theme HA 928:929 arg1 biocompatibilities 886:903 the inherent biocompatibilities 873:903 the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA 873:929 In our findings, the inherent biocompatibilities of the both chitin and HA contributed the bone cell adhesion and osteoconduction. 28618219 2 34 theme hierarchical 539:550 arg1 structure 552:560 the hierarchical structure 535:560 the hierarchical structure 535:560 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 8 35 theme appropriate 1461:1471 arg1 biodegradability 1473:1488 an appropriate biodegradability 1458:1488 an appropriate biodegradability 1458:1488 The microsphere scaffold displayed excellent biofunctions and an appropriate biodegradability. 28618219 6 36 dep in 1095:1096 arg1 vitro 1098:1102 vitro 1098:1102 vitro 1098:1102 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 2 37 theme crystals 401:408 arg1 synthesis 368:376 in situ synthesis 360:376 in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers 360:521 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 7 38 theme cell-free 1276:1284 arg1 state 1286:1290 cell-free state 1276:1290 cell-free state 1276:1290 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 9 39 theme new 1513:1515 arg1 avenue 1517:1522 a new avenue 1511:1522 a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration 1511:1617 This work opened up a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration. 28618219 3 40 theme HA 637:638 arg1 process 650:656 the HA synthesis process 633:656 the HA synthesis process 633:656 The shape and size of the HA crystals could be controlled by changing the HA synthesis process. 28618219 7 41 theme composite 1372:1380 arg1 microspheres 1382:1393 the composite microspheres 1368:1393 the composite microspheres 1368:1393 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 0 42 theme Chitin 43:48 arg1 Nanofibers 50:59 Chitin Nanofibers 43:59 Chitin Nanofibers 43:59 Hierarchical Microspheres Constructed from Chitin Nanofibers Penetrated Hydroxyapatite Crystals for Bone Regeneration. 28618219 3 43 theme HA 589:590 arg1 crystals 592:599 the HA crystals 585:599 the HA crystals 585:599 The shape and size of the HA crystals could be controlled by changing the HA synthesis process. 28618219 6 44 theme submicron-needle 1025:1040 arg1 crystals 1066:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 0 45 theme Hydroxyapatite 72:85 arg1 Crystals 87:94 Hydroxyapatite Crystals 72:94 Hydroxyapatite Crystals for Bone Regeneration 72:116 Hierarchical Microspheres Constructed from Chitin Nanofibers Penetrated Hydroxyapatite Crystals for Bone Regeneration. 28618219 9 46 theme hybrid 1577:1582 arg1 microspheres 1584:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1537:1595 natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration 1537:1617 This work opened up a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration. 28618219 6 47 with microsphere 1008:1018 arg1 crystals 1066:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 1025:1073 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 6 48 theme bone 1130:1133 arg1 healing 1135:1141 in vivo bone healing 1122:1141 in vivo bone healing 1122:1141 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 9 49 theme bone 1601:1604 arg1 regeneration 1606:1617 bone regeneration 1601:1617 bone regeneration 1601:1617 This work opened up a new avenue to construct natural polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone regeneration. 28618219 8 50 theme excellent 1431:1439 arg1 biofunctions 1441:1452 excellent biofunctions 1431:1452 excellent biofunctions 1431:1452 The microsphere scaffold displayed excellent biofunctions and an appropriate biodegradability. 28618219 4 51 theme tight 663:667 arg1 adhesion 679:686 The tight interface adhesion 659:686 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds 659:739 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds occurred in the composite microspheres, and HAs were homogeneously dispersed and bounded to the chitin nanofibers. 28618219 7 52 theme growth 1257:1262 arg1 factor- 1264:1270 a growth factor- 1255:1270 a growth factor- 1255:1270 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 6 53 theme in 1122:1123 arg1 healing 1135:1141 in vivo bone healing 1122:1141 in vivo bone healing 1122:1141 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 4 54 theme composite 757:765 arg1 microspheres 767:778 the composite microspheres 753:778 the composite microspheres 753:778 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds occurred in the composite microspheres, and HAs were homogeneously dispersed and bounded to the chitin nanofibers. 28618219 3 55 theme synthesis 640:648 arg1 process 650:656 the HA synthesis process 633:656 the HA synthesis process 633:656 The shape and size of the HA crystals could be controlled by changing the HA synthesis process. 28618219 6 56 dep in 1122:1123 arg1 vivo 1125:1128 vivo 1125:1128 vivo 1125:1128 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 1 57 theme shrimp 156:161 arg1 shells 163:168 shrimp shells 156:168 shrimp shells 156:168 Chitin exists abundantly in crab and shrimp shells as the template of the minerals, which inspired us to mineralize it for fabricating bone grafting materials. 28618219 2 58 theme long 500:503 arg1 nanofibers 512:521 long chitin nanofibers 500:521 long chitin nanofibers 500:521 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 3 59 theme crystals 592:599 arg1 size 577:580 size 577:580 size 577:580 The shape and size of the HA crystals could be controlled by changing the HA synthesis process. 28618219 3 59 theme crystals 592:599 arg1 shape 567:571 shape 567:571 shape 567:571 The shape and size of the HA crystals could be controlled by changing the HA synthesis process. 28618219 4 60 theme interface 669:677 arg1 adhesion 679:686 The tight interface adhesion 659:686 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds 659:739 The tight interface adhesion between chitin and HA through the noncovanlent bonds occurred in the composite microspheres, and HAs were homogeneously dispersed and bounded to the chitin nanofibers. 28618219 7 61 theme unique 1312:1317 arg1 microstructure 1327:1340 the unique surface microstructure 1308:1340 the unique surface microstructure 1308:1340 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 6 62 theme chitin 1001:1006 arg1 microsphere 1008:1018 the chitin microsphere 997:1018 the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals 997:1073 Moreover, the chitin microsphere with submicron-needle and submicron-sphere HA crystals remarkably promoted in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo bone healing. 28618219 7 63 theme microstructure 1327:1340 arg1 rabbits 1169:1175 rabbits 1169:1175 rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect 1169:1201 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 7 63 theme microstructure 1327:1340 arg1 result 1298:1303 a result 1296:1303 a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres 1296:1393 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28618219 2 64 theme in 360:361 arg1 synthesis 368:376 in situ synthesis 360:376 in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers 360:521 In the present work, chitin nanofibrous microspheres were used as the matrix for in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals including microflakes, submicron-needles, and submicron-spheres, which were penetrated by long chitin nanofibers, leading to the hierarchical structure. 28618219 7 65 theme 1.5 1182:1184 arg1 cm 1186:1187 cm 1186:1187 cm 1186:1187 It was demonstrated that rabbits with 1.5 cm radius defect were almost cured completely within three months in a growth factor- and cell-free state, as a result of the unique surface microstructure and biocompatibilities of the composite microspheres. 28639943 2 0 theme damaged/diseased 448:463 arg1 tissue 470:475 damaged/diseased bone tissue 448:475 damaged/diseased bone tissue 448:475 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 11 1 from superior 1733:1740 arg1 terms 1831:1835 terms 1831:1835 terms of cell proliferation and differentiation 1831:1877 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 1 2 theme other 134:138 arg1 biologics 140:148 other biologics 134:148 other biologics 134:148 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 12 3 theme chitosan 1920:1927 arg1 printability 1904:1915 printability 1904:1915 printability 1904:1915 Thus, applicability and printability of chitosan as a bio-printing solution were clearly demonstrated. 28639943 12 3 theme chitosan 1920:1927 arg1 applicability 1886:1898 applicability 1886:1898 applicability 1886:1898 Thus, applicability and printability of chitosan as a bio-printing solution were clearly demonstrated. 28639943 1 4 theme biologics 140:148 arg1 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 1 4 theme biologics 140:148 arg1 patterning 103:112 3D patterning 100:112 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics 100:148 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 1 5 theme living 252:257 arg1 tissue 259:264 living tissue and organ analogs 252:282 tissue 259:264 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 2 6 theme controlled 495:504 arg1 regeneration 517:528 highly controlled cell-based regeneration 488:528 highly controlled cell-based regeneration 488:528 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 3 7 theme nanostructured 653:666 arg1 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 3 7 theme nanostructured 653:666 arg1 hydroxyapatite 678:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite 653:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) 653:696 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 12 8 theme bio-printing 1934:1945 arg1 solution 1947:1954 a bio-printing solution 1932:1954 a bio-printing solution 1932:1954 Thus, applicability and printability of chitosan as a bio-printing solution were clearly demonstrated. 28639943 13 9 theme nanostructured 2041:2054 arg1 HA 2056:2057 bone-like nanostructured HA 2031:2057 bone-like nanostructured HA 2031:2057 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 7 10 theme 3D 1247:1248 arg1 bio-printers 1250:1261 3D bio-printers 1247:1261 3D bio-printers 1247:1261 Also, the viscosity values of the bio-solutions were in an applicable range to be used in 3D bio-printers. 28639943 13 11 theme HA 2056:2057 arg1 presence 2019:2026 the presence 2015:2026 the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels 2015:2092 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 9 12 dep early 1505:1509 arg1 markers 1538:1544 osteogenic markers 1527:1544 osteogenic markers 1527:1544 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 6 13 theme physiological 1083:1095 arg1 conditions 1097:1106 simulated physiological conditions 1073:1106 simulated physiological conditions 1073:1106 It was also shown that under simulated physiological conditions, chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels were stable. 28639943 3 14 with solution 621:628 arg1 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 3 14 with solution 621:628 arg1 hydroxyapatite 678:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite 653:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) 653:696 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 8 15 theme proliferation 1283:1295 arg1 analyses 1297:1304 Cell viability and proliferation analyses 1264:1304 Cell viability and proliferation analyses 1264:1304 Cell viability and proliferation analyses documented that after printing with bio-solutions, cells continued to be viable in all groups. 28639943 9 16 theme expression 1483:1492 arg1 levels 1494:1499 peak expression levels 1478:1499 peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers 1478:1544 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 11 17 from terms 1831:1835 arg1 superior 1733:1740 superior 1733:1740 superior 1733:1740 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 8 18 from groups 1393:1398 arg1 viable 1379:1384 viable 1379:1384 viable 1379:1384 Cell viability and proliferation analyses documented that after printing with bio-solutions, cells continued to be viable in all groups. 28639943 10 19 theme culture 1684:1690 arg1 days 1676:1679 21 days 1673:1679 21 days of culture 1673:1690 It was concluded that cells within chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels had mineralized and differentiated osteogenically after 21 days of culture. 28639943 9 20 contain had 1474:1476 arg1 cells 1422:1426 cells 1422:1426 cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel 1422:1472 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 9 20 contain had 1474:1476 arg2 levels 1494:1499 peak expression levels 1478:1499 peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers 1478:1544 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 11 21 theme used 1780:1783 arg1 solution 1785:1792 the most widely used solution 1764:1792 the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems 1764:1825 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 11 21 theme used 1780:1783 arg1 alginate 1745:1752 alginate 1745:1752 alginate 1745:1752 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 0 22 theme bioprintable 2:13 arg1 form 15:18 A bioprintable form 0:18 A bioprintable form of chitosan 0:30 A bioprintable form of chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 28639943 7 23 theme applicable 1216:1225 arg1 range 1227:1231 an applicable range 1213:1231 an applicable range to be used in 3D bio-printers 1213:1261 Also, the viscosity values of the bio-solutions were in an applicable range to be used in 3D bio-printers. 28639943 3 24 with composite 638:646 arg1 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 3 24 with composite 638:646 arg1 hydroxyapatite 678:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite 653:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) 653:696 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 13 25 attach presence 2019:2026 arg1 alginate 2062:2069 alginate 2062:2069 alginate 2062:2069 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 13 25 attach presence 2019:2026 arg2 HA 2056:2057 bone-like nanostructured HA 2031:2057 bone-like nanostructured HA 2031:2057 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 13 25 attach presence 2019:2026 arg1 chitosan 2075:2082 chitosan 2075:2082 chitosan 2075:2082 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 1 26 theme organ 270:274 arg1 analogs 276:282 living tissue and organ analogs 252:282 analogs 276:282 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 9 27 theme chitosan-HA 1443:1453 arg1 hydrogel 1465:1472 chitosan-HA composite hydrogel 1443:1472 chitosan-HA composite hydrogel 1443:1472 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 11 28 theme bioprinting 1807:1817 arg1 systems 1819:1825 bioprinting systems 1807:1825 bioprinting systems 1807:1825 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 5 29 theme viscoelastic 1019:1030 arg1 properties 1032:1041 viscoelastic properties 1019:1041 viscoelastic properties 1019:1041 Rheological analysis showed that all groups had viscoelastic properties. 28639943 11 30 theme cell 1840:1843 arg1 terms 1831:1835 terms 1831:1835 terms of cell proliferation and differentiation 1831:1877 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 2 31 theme print 390:394 arg1 structures 399:408 print 3D structures 390:408 print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone 390:557 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 2 32 theme 3D 396:397 arg1 structures 399:408 print 3D structures 390:408 print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone 390:557 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 13 33 theme osteogenic 2137:2146 arg1 differentiation 2148:2162 osteogenic differentiation 2137:2162 osteogenic differentiation 2137:2162 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 6 34 theme simulated 1073:1081 arg1 conditions 1097:1106 simulated physiological conditions 1073:1106 simulated physiological conditions 1073:1106 It was also shown that under simulated physiological conditions, chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels were stable. 28639943 9 35 theme osteogenic 1527:1536 arg1 markers 1538:1544 osteogenic markers 1527:1544 osteogenic markers 1527:1544 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 1 36 theme tissue 288:293 arg1 engineering 295:305 tissue engineering 288:305 tissue engineering 288:305 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 3 37 theme chitosan 612:619 arg1 solution 621:628 chitosan solution 612:628 chitosan solution 612:628 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 8 38 theme Cell 1264:1267 arg1 viability 1269:1277 Cell viability 1264:1277 Cell viability 1264:1277 Cell viability and proliferation analyses documented that after printing with bio-solutions, cells continued to be viable in all groups. 28639943 0 39 theme chitosan 23:30 arg1 form 15:18 A bioprintable form 0:18 A bioprintable form of chitosan 0:30 A bioprintable form of chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 28639943 13 40 dep alginate 2062:2069 arg1 hydrogels 2084:2092 hydrogels 2084:2092 hydrogels 2084:2092 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 2 41 theme cell-based 506:515 arg1 regeneration 517:528 highly controlled cell-based regeneration 488:528 highly controlled cell-based regeneration 488:528 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 3 42 theme first 596:600 arg1 time 602:605 the first time 592:605 the first time 592:605 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 6 43 dep chitosan 1109:1116 arg1 hydrogels 1134:1142 hydrogels 1134:1142 hydrogels 1134:1142 It was also shown that under simulated physiological conditions, chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels were stable. 28639943 1 44 theme computer-aided 189:202 arg1 approach 230:237 a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach 187:237 a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering 187:305 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 0 45 theme bone 45:48 arg1 engineering 57:67 bone tissue engineering 45:67 bone tissue engineering 45:67 A bioprintable form of chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 28639943 7 46 theme bio-solutions 1191:1203 arg1 values 1177:1182 the viscosity values 1163:1182 the viscosity values of the bio-solutions 1163:1203 Also, the viscosity values of the bio-solutions were in an applicable range to be used in 3D bio-printers. 28639943 4 47 theme extruder-based 857:870 arg1 bioprinter 872:881 an extruder-based bioprinter 854:881 an extruder-based bioprinter 854:881 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 0 48 theme tissue 50:55 arg1 engineering 57:67 bone tissue engineering 45:67 bone tissue engineering 45:67 A bioprintable form of chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. 28639943 1 49 theme 3D 100:101 arg1 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 1 49 theme 3D 100:101 arg1 patterning 103:112 3D patterning 100:112 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics 100:148 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 13 50 theme cell 2103:2106 arg1 viability 2108:2116 cell viability 2103:2116 cell viability 2103:2116 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 8 51 with printing 1328:1335 arg1 bio-solutions 1342:1354 bio-solutions 1342:1354 bio-solutions 1342:1354 Cell viability and proliferation analyses documented that after printing with bio-solutions, cells continued to be viable in all groups. 28639943 4 52 theme chitosan-HA 796:806 arg1 hydrogels 808:816 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels 748:816 hydrogels 808:816 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 13 53 theme bone-like 2031:2039 arg1 HA 2056:2057 bone-like nanostructured HA 2031:2057 bone-like nanostructured HA 2031:2057 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 8 54 theme viability 1269:1277 arg1 analyses 1297:1304 Cell viability and proliferation analyses 1264:1304 Cell viability and proliferation analyses 1264:1304 Cell viability and proliferation analyses documented that after printing with bio-solutions, cells continued to be viable in all groups. 28639943 2 55 theme bone 554:557 arg1 remineralization 534:549 remineralization 534:549 remineralization 534:549 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 2 55 theme bone 554:557 arg1 regeneration 517:528 highly controlled cell-based regeneration 488:528 highly controlled cell-based regeneration 488:528 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 5 56 theme Rheological 971:981 arg1 analysis 983:990 Rheological analysis 971:990 Rheological analysis 971:990 Rheological analysis showed that all groups had viscoelastic properties. 28639943 4 57 theme pre-osteoblast 757:770 arg1 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels 748:816 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 9 58 theme late 1515:1518 arg1 stages 1520:1525 late stages 1515:1525 late stages 1515:1525 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 2 59 theme cells 324:328 arg1 presence 312:319 The presence 308:319 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' 308:362 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 5 60 contain had 1015:1017 arg1 groups 1008:1013 all groups 1004:1013 all groups 1004:1013 Rheological analysis showed that all groups had viscoelastic properties. 28639943 5 60 contain had 1015:1017 arg2 properties 1032:1041 viscoelastic properties 1019:1041 viscoelastic properties 1019:1041 Rheological analysis showed that all groups had viscoelastic properties. 28639943 1 61 theme layer-by-layer 204:217 arg1 approach 230:237 a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach 187:237 a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering 187:305 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 4 62 theme bioprinter 872:881 arg1 use 847:849 the use 843:849 the use of an extruder-based bioprinter 843:881 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 4 63 theme MC3T3-E1 748:755 arg1 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels 748:816 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 13 64 from presence 2019:2026 arg1 alginate 2062:2069 alginate 2062:2069 alginate 2062:2069 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 13 64 from presence 2019:2026 arg1 chitosan 2075:2082 chitosan 2075:2082 chitosan 2075:2082 Furthermore, it was proven that the presence of bone-like nanostructured HA in alginate and chitosan hydrogels improved cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 28639943 1 65 theme living 117:122 arg1 cells 124:128 living cells 117:128 living cells 117:128 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 10 66 dep chitosan 1582:1589 arg1 hydrogels 1607:1615 hydrogels 1607:1615 hydrogels 1607:1615 It was concluded that cells within chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels had mineralized and differentiated osteogenically after 21 days of culture. 28639943 1 67 theme deposition 219:228 arg1 approach 230:237 a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach 187:237 a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering 187:305 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 4 68 theme alginate-HA 948:958 arg1 hydrogels 960:968 alginate-HA hydrogels 948:968 alginate-HA hydrogels 948:968 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 9 69 theme peak 1478:1481 arg1 levels 1494:1499 peak expression levels 1478:1499 peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers 1478:1544 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 4 70 theme laden 777:781 arg1 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels 748:816 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 9 71 theme composite 1455:1463 arg1 hydrogel 1465:1472 chitosan-HA composite hydrogel 1443:1472 chitosan-HA composite hydrogel 1443:1472 It was observed that cells printed within chitosan-HA composite hydrogel had peak expression levels for early and late stages osteogenic markers. 28639943 1 72 theme cells 124:128 arg1 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting 70:80 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 1 72 theme cells 124:128 arg1 patterning 103:112 3D patterning 100:112 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics 100:148 Bioprinting can be defined as 3D patterning of living cells and other biologics by filling and assembling them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue and organ analogs for tissue engineering. 28639943 11 73 dep cell 1840:1843 arg1 proliferation 1845:1857 proliferation 1845:1857 proliferation 1845:1857 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 11 73 dep cell 1840:1843 arg1 differentiation 1863:1877 differentiation 1863:1877 differentiation 1863:1877 It was also discovered that chitosan is superior to alginate, which is the most widely used solution preferred in bioprinting systems, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28639943 2 74 theme bone 465:468 arg1 tissue 470:475 damaged/diseased bone tissue 448:475 damaged/diseased bone tissue 448:475 The presence of cells within the ink to use a 'bio-ink' presents the potential to print 3D structures that can be implanted or printed into damaged/diseased bone tissue to promote highly controlled cell-based regeneration and remineralization of bone. 28639943 3 75 theme bone-like 668:676 arg1 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 HA 694:695 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 3 75 theme bone-like 668:676 arg1 hydroxyapatite 678:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite 653:691 nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) 653:696 In this study, it was shown for the first time that chitosan solution and its composite with nanostructured bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) can be mixed with cells and printed successfully. 28639943 4 76 theme cell 772:775 arg1 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels 748:816 chitosan 783:790 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell laden chitosan and chitosan-HA hydrogels, which were printed with the use of an extruder-based bioprinter, were characterized by comparing these hydrogels to alginate and alginate-HA hydrogels. 28639943 7 77 theme viscosity 1167:1175 arg1 values 1177:1182 the viscosity values 1163:1182 the viscosity values of the bio-solutions 1163:1203 Also, the viscosity values of the bio-solutions were in an applicable range to be used in 3D bio-printers. 28639943 8 78 from viable 1379:1384 arg1 groups 1393:1398 all groups 1389:1398 all groups 1389:1398 Cell viability and proliferation analyses documented that after printing with bio-solutions, cells continued to be viable in all groups. 25586240 0 0 theme glass 105:109 arg1 composites 111:120 agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites 82:120 agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites 82:120 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride released from agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites. 25586240 1 1 from effects 374:380 arg1 relation 276:283 relation 276:283 relation to their water uptake capacity 276:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 3 2 theme release 466:472 arg1 capacity 474:481 the local drug release capacity 451:481 the local drug release capacity 451:481 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 11 3 theme AGBGVC 1419:1424 arg1 ones 1426:1429 AGBGVC ones 1419:1429 AGBGVC ones 1419:1429 The halos were larger when the cells were put in contact with AGVC composites than when they were put in contact with AGBGVC ones. 25586240 6 4 dep 48 h 844:847 arg1 up 838:839 up 838:839 up 838:839 The experiments were performed in vitro up to 48 h on three staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, S. aureus ATCC6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. 25586240 0 5 theme agar-gelatin-bioactive 82:103 arg1 composites 111:120 agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites 82:120 agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites 82:120 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride released from agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites. 25586240 1 6 theme sustained 317:325 arg1 release 327:333 sustained release 317:333 sustained release of a drug over time 317:353 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 8 7 theme BG 1143:1144 arg1 presence 1131:1138 the presence 1127:1138 the presence of BG 1127:1144 The release of VC was significantly affected by the presence of BG. 25586240 9 8 theme VC 1147:1148 arg1 release 1150:1156 VC release 1147:1156 VC release 1147:1156 VC release was higher from AGBGVC films than from AGVC ones over prolonged incubation times. 25586240 1 9 from perfomance 164:173 arg1 relation 276:283 relation 276:283 relation to their water uptake capacity 276:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 10 theme microparticles 251:264 arg1 release 327:333 sustained release 317:333 sustained release of a drug over time 317:353 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 10 theme microparticles 251:264 arg1 effects 374:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 10 theme microparticles 251:264 arg1 perfomance 164:173 the perfomance 160:173 the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity 160:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 11 11 with contact 1406:1412 arg1 ones 1426:1429 AGBGVC ones 1419:1429 AGBGVC ones 1419:1429 The halos were larger when the cells were put in contact with AGVC composites than when they were put in contact with AGBGVC ones. 25586240 9 12 theme prolonged 1212:1220 arg1 times 1233:1237 prolonged incubation times 1212:1237 prolonged incubation times 1212:1237 VC release was higher from AGBGVC films than from AGVC ones over prolonged incubation times. 25586240 13 13 theme BG 1604:1605 arg1 addition 1592:1599 the addition 1588:1599 the addition of BG 1588:1605 In conclusion, the addition of BG did not reflect an improvement in the parameters studied. 25586240 9 14 theme incubation 1222:1231 arg1 times 1233:1237 prolonged incubation times 1212:1237 prolonged incubation times 1212:1237 VC release was higher from AGBGVC films than from AGVC ones over prolonged incubation times. 25586240 5 15 theme plate 778:782 arg1 method 790:795 the plate count method 774:795 the plate count method 774:795 The antibacterial activity of composites was evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the plate count method. 25586240 2 16 theme gel-casting 421:431 arg1 method 433:438 the gel-casting method 417:438 the gel-casting method 417:438 The composites were fabricated by the gel-casting method. 25586240 1 17 theme drug 340:343 arg1 release 327:333 sustained release 317:333 sustained release of a drug over time 317:353 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 17 theme drug 340:343 arg1 effects 374:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 17 theme drug 340:343 arg1 perfomance 164:173 the perfomance 160:173 the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity 160:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 14 18 theme bacterial 1751:1759 arg1 infection 1761:1769 bacterial infection 1751:1769 bacterial infection 1751:1769 On the other hand, composites loaded with VC would have a role in prophylaxis against bacterial infection. 25586240 1 19 theme agar-gelatin 178:189 arg1 composites 196:205 agar-gelatin (AG) composites 178:205 agar-gelatin (AG) composites 178:205 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 5 20 theme inhibition 749:758 arg1 test 765:768 the inhibition zone test 745:768 the inhibition zone test 745:768 The antibacterial activity of composites was evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the plate count method. 25586240 5 21 theme composites 717:726 arg1 activity 705:712 The antibacterial activity 687:712 The antibacterial activity of composites 687:726 The antibacterial activity of composites was evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the plate count method. 25586240 7 22 theme AG 1022:1023 arg1 composites 1025:1034 AG composites 1022:1034 AG composites 1022:1034 The results showed that the addition of BG to AG composites did not affect the degree of water uptake. 25586240 5 23 theme zone 760:763 arg1 test 765:768 the inhibition zone test 745:768 the inhibition zone test 745:768 The antibacterial activity of composites was evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the plate count method. 25586240 12 24 theme Staphylococcus 1513:1526 arg1 growth 1533:1538 Staphylococcus cell growth 1513:1538 Staphylococcus cell growth 1513:1538 Nevertheless, the viable count method demonstrated that the composites inhibited Staphylococcus cell growth with no statistical differences. 25586240 6 25 theme staphylococcus 858:871 arg1 strains 873:879 three staphylococcus strains 852:879 three staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, S. aureus ATCC6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 852:973 The experiments were performed in vitro up to 48 h on three staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, S. aureus ATCC6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. 25586240 4 26 dep 72 h 643:646 arg1 to 640:641 to 640:641 to 640:641 VC release was assessed in distilled water at 37 °C up to 72 h and quantified spectrophotometrically. 25586240 3 27 from composites 532:541 arg1 concentrations 546:559 concentrations 546:559 concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1) 546:582 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 1 28 theme AG 192:193 arg1 composites 196:205 agar-gelatin (AG) composites 178:205 agar-gelatin (AG) composites 178:205 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 0 29 theme antibacterial 18:30 arg1 effects 32:38 the antibacterial effects 14:38 the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride 14:66 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride released from agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites. 25586240 8 30 theme VC 1094:1095 arg1 release 1083:1089 The release 1079:1089 The release of VC 1079:1095 The release of VC was significantly affected by the presence of BG. 25586240 7 31 theme BG 1016:1017 arg1 addition 1004:1011 the addition 1000:1011 the addition of BG to AG composites 1000:1034 The results showed that the addition of BG to AG composites did not affect the degree of water uptake. 25586240 12 32 theme viable 1450:1455 arg1 method 1463:1468 the viable count method 1446:1468 the viable count method 1446:1468 Nevertheless, the viable count method demonstrated that the composites inhibited Staphylococcus cell growth with no statistical differences. 25586240 10 33 theme inhibition 1250:1259 arg1 zones 1261:1265 Bacterial inhibition zones 1240:1265 Bacterial inhibition zones 1240:1265 Bacterial inhibition zones were found around the composites. 25586240 6 34 dep strains 873:879 arg1 aureus 918:923 S. aureus 915:923 S. aureus ATCC6538 915:932 The experiments were performed in vitro up to 48 h on three staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, S. aureus ATCC6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. 25586240 6 34 dep strains 873:879 arg1 epidermidis 953:963 Staphylococcus epidermidis 938:963 Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 938:973 The experiments were performed in vitro up to 48 h on three staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, S. aureus ATCC6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. 25586240 6 34 dep strains 873:879 arg1 aureus 897:902 Staphylococcus aureus 882:902 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 882:912 The experiments were performed in vitro up to 48 h on three staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, S. aureus ATCC6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. 25586240 12 35 theme statistical 1548:1558 arg1 differences 1560:1570 no statistical differences 1545:1570 no statistical differences 1545:1570 Nevertheless, the viable count method demonstrated that the composites inhibited Staphylococcus cell growth with no statistical differences. 25586240 1 36 theme composites 196:205 arg1 release 327:333 sustained release 317:333 sustained release of a drug over time 317:353 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 36 theme composites 196:205 arg1 effects 374:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 36 theme composites 196:205 arg1 perfomance 164:173 the perfomance 160:173 the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity 160:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 12 37 theme cell 1528:1531 arg1 growth 1533:1538 Staphylococcus cell growth 1513:1538 Staphylococcus cell growth 1513:1538 Nevertheless, the viable count method demonstrated that the composites inhibited Staphylococcus cell growth with no statistical differences. 25586240 5 38 theme count 784:788 arg1 method 790:795 the plate count method 774:795 the plate count method 774:795 The antibacterial activity of composites was evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the plate count method. 25586240 13 39 from improvement 1626:1636 arg1 parameters 1645:1654 the parameters 1641:1654 the parameters studied 1641:1662 In conclusion, the addition of BG did not reflect an improvement in the parameters studied. 25586240 11 40 theme AGVC 1363:1366 arg1 composites 1368:1377 AGVC composites 1363:1377 AGVC composites 1363:1377 The halos were larger when the cells were put in contact with AGVC composites than when they were put in contact with AGBGVC ones. 25586240 4 41 theme VC 585:586 arg1 release 588:594 VC release 585:594 VC release 585:594 VC release was assessed in distilled water at 37 °C up to 72 h and quantified spectrophotometrically. 25586240 0 42 theme effects 32:38 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride 0:66 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride released from agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites. 25586240 14 43 contain have 1716:1719 arg1 composites 1684:1693 composites 1684:1693 composites loaded with VC 1684:1708 On the other hand, composites loaded with VC would have a role in prophylaxis against bacterial infection. 25586240 14 43 contain have 1716:1719 arg2 role 1723:1726 a role 1721:1726 a role 1721:1726 On the other hand, composites loaded with VC would have a role in prophylaxis against bacterial infection. 25586240 1 44 from release 327:333 arg1 relation 276:283 relation 276:283 relation to their water uptake capacity 276:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 45 theme AG-containing 211:223 arg1 glass 240:244 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass 211:244 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) 211:271 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 45 theme AG-containing 211:223 arg1 BG 247:248 BG 247:248 BG 247:248 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 0 46 theme hydrochloride 54:66 arg1 effects 32:38 the antibacterial effects 14:38 the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride 14:66 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride released from agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites. 25586240 1 47 theme antibacterial 360:372 arg1 effects 374:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 antibacterial effects 360:380 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 3 48 theme local 455:459 arg1 capacity 474:481 the local drug release capacity 451:481 the local drug release capacity 451:481 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 0 49 theme vancomycin 43:52 arg1 hydrochloride 54:66 vancomycin hydrochloride 43:66 vancomycin hydrochloride 43:66 Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of vancomycin hydrochloride released from agar-gelatin-bioactive glass composites. 25586240 1 50 theme water 294:298 arg1 capacity 307:314 their water uptake capacity 288:314 their water uptake capacity 288:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 9 51 theme AGVC 1197:1200 arg1 ones 1202:1205 AGVC ones 1197:1205 AGVC ones 1197:1205 VC release was higher from AGBGVC films than from AGVC ones over prolonged incubation times. 25586240 3 52 theme drug 461:464 arg1 capacity 474:481 the local drug release capacity 451:481 the local drug release capacity 451:481 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 1 53 theme uptake 300:305 arg1 capacity 307:314 their water uptake capacity 288:314 their water uptake capacity 288:314 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 7 54 theme uptake 1071:1076 arg1 degree 1055:1060 the degree 1051:1060 the degree of water uptake 1051:1076 The results showed that the addition of BG to AG composites did not affect the degree of water uptake. 25586240 9 55 theme AGBGVC 1174:1179 arg1 films 1181:1185 AGBGVC films 1174:1185 AGBGVC films 1174:1185 VC release was higher from AGBGVC films than from AGVC ones over prolonged incubation times. 25586240 3 56 theme 1 mg ml 572:578 arg1 concentrations 546:559 concentrations 546:559 concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1) 546:582 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 10 57 theme Bacterial 1240:1248 arg1 zones 1261:1265 Bacterial inhibition zones 1240:1265 Bacterial inhibition zones 1240:1265 Bacterial inhibition zones were found around the composites. 25586240 1 58 theme work 139:142 arg1 aim 127:129 The aim 123:129 The aim of this work 123:142 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 59 theme 45S5 225:228 arg1 glass 240:244 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass 211:244 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) 211:271 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 59 theme 45S5 225:228 arg1 BG 247:248 BG 247:248 BG 247:248 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 4 60 theme distilled 612:620 arg1 water 622:626 distilled water 612:626 distilled water 612:626 VC release was assessed in distilled water at 37 °C up to 72 h and quantified spectrophotometrically. 25586240 1 61 theme bioactive 230:238 arg1 glass 240:244 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass 211:244 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) 211:271 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 61 theme bioactive 230:238 arg1 BG 247:248 BG 247:248 BG 247:248 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 5 62 theme antibacterial 691:703 arg1 activity 705:712 The antibacterial activity 687:712 The antibacterial activity of composites 687:726 The antibacterial activity of composites was evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the plate count method. 25586240 11 63 with contact 1350:1356 arg1 composites 1368:1377 AGVC composites 1363:1377 AGVC composites 1363:1377 The halos were larger when the cells were put in contact with AGVC composites than when they were put in contact with AGBGVC ones. 25586240 3 64 theme 0.5 564:566 arg1 concentrations 546:559 concentrations 546:559 concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1) 546:582 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 1 65 theme glass 240:244 arg1 AGBG 267:270 AGBG 267:270 AGBG 267:270 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 1 65 theme glass 240:244 arg1 microparticles 251:264 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles 211:264 AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) 211:271 The aim of this work was to evaluate the perfomance of agar-gelatin (AG) composites and AG-containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (AGBG) in relation to their water uptake capacity, sustained release of a drug over time, and antibacterial effects. 25586240 7 66 theme water 1065:1069 arg1 uptake 1071:1076 water uptake 1065:1076 water uptake 1065:1076 The results showed that the addition of BG to AG composites did not affect the degree of water uptake. 25586240 3 67 theme vancomycin 484:493 arg1 VC 510:511 VC 510:511 VC 510:511 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 3 67 theme vancomycin 484:493 arg1 hydrochloride 495:507 vancomycin hydrochloride 484:507 vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) 484:512 To impart the local drug release capacity, vancomycin hydrochloride (VC) was loaded in the composites in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg ml(-1). 25586240 14 68 theme other 1672:1676 arg1 hand 1678:1681 the other hand 1668:1681 the other hand 1668:1681 On the other hand, composites loaded with VC would have a role in prophylaxis against bacterial infection. 25586240 12 69 theme count 1457:1461 arg1 method 1463:1468 the viable count method 1446:1468 the viable count method 1446:1468 Nevertheless, the viable count method demonstrated that the composites inhibited Staphylococcus cell growth with no statistical differences. 25900045 17 0 theme hyaline-like 2743:2754 arg1 tissue 2770:2775 hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue 2743:2775 hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue 2743:2775 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 14 1 theme Proteoglycan 2195:2206 arg1 deposition 2208:2217 Proteoglycan deposition 2195:2217 Proteoglycan deposition 2195:2217 Proteoglycan deposition was not significantly improved in collagen scaffolds unless culture involved normoxic isolation/expansion followed by hypoxic differentiation. 25900045 10 2 theme BMSC 1442:1445 arg1 doublings 1458:1466 faster BMSC population doublings 1435:1466 faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05) 1435:1484 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 2 3 theme capable 384:390 arg1 tension 439:445 oxygen tension 432:445 oxygen tension 432:445 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 2 3 theme capable 384:390 arg1 composition 460:470 scaffold composition 451:470 scaffold composition 451:470 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 2 3 theme capable 384:390 arg1 conditions 373:382 culture conditions 365:382 culture conditions 365:382 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 13 4 theme hypertrophic 2142:2153 arg1 cartilage 2155:2163 hypertrophic cartilage 2142:2163 hypertrophic cartilage 2142:2163 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 17 5 theme tissue 2770:2775 arg1 creation 2731:2738 the creation 2727:2738 the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue 2727:2775 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 7 6 theme non-woven 1130:1138 arg1 mesh 1140:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 13 7 theme increased 1973:1981 arg1 expressions 1988:1998 increased mRNA expressions 1973:1998 increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds 1973:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 3 8 theme in 565:566 arg1 chondrogenesis 579:592 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 565:592 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 565:592 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 7 9 theme esterified 1116:1125 arg1 mesh 1140:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 11 10 theme Collagen 1586:1593 arg1 scaffolds 1602:1610 Collagen and HA scaffolds 1586:1610 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia 1586:1691 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 3 11 theme hypoxia 554:560 arg1 effect 544:549 the effect 540:549 the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 540:592 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 17 12 theme gene 2792:2795 arg1 expression 2797:2806 gene expression 2792:2806 gene expression 2792:2806 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 15 13 theme collagen-based 2385:2398 arg1 constructs 2400:2409 collagen-based constructs 2385:2409 collagen-based constructs 2385:2409 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 1 14 theme cartilaginous 212:224 arg1 tissue 226:231 cartilaginous tissue 212:231 cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 212:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 0 15 link marrow-derived 24:37 arg1 cells 64:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 4 16 theme BMSC 772:775 arg1 chondrogenesis 777:790 BMSC chondrogenesis 772:790 BMSC chondrogenesis 772:790 It was hypothesized that hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation would improve BMSC chondrogenesis in each construct. 25900045 7 17 theme collagen 1095:1102 arg1 sponge 1106:1111 either collagen I sponge 1088:1111 either collagen I sponge 1088:1111 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 16 18 dep CONCLUSIONS 2555:2565 arg1 differentiation 2599:2613 differentiation 2599:2613 differentiation 2599:2613 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 16 18 dep CONCLUSIONS 2555:2565 arg1 isolation/expansion 2575:2593 Hypoxic isolation/expansion 2567:2593 Hypoxic isolation/expansion 2567:2593 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 16 18 dep CONCLUSIONS 2555:2565 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2555:2565 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation 2555:2613 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation 2555:2613 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 3 19 theme BMSC 574:577 arg1 chondrogenesis 579:592 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 565:592 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 565:592 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 16 20 theme porous 2659:2664 arg1 scaffolds 2666:2674 porous scaffolds 2659:2674 porous scaffolds 2659:2674 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 17 21 theme HA 2706:2707 arg1 scaffolds 2709:2717 both collagen I and HA scaffolds 2686:2717 both collagen I and HA scaffolds 2686:2717 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 15 22 theme construct 2508:2516 arg1 size 2518:2521 HA-based construct size 2499:2521 HA-based construct size 2499:2521 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 0 23 theme hyaluronic 150:159 arg1 acid 161:164 hyaluronic acid 150:164 hyaluronic acid 150:164 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 1 24 theme bone 246:249 arg1 marrow 251:256 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 6 25 theme colony-forming 946:959 arg1 characteristics 961:975 colony-forming characteristics 946:975 colony-forming characteristics 946:975 Cell proliferation and colony-forming characteristics were assessed. 25900045 9 26 theme Cultured 1248:1255 arg1 constructs 1257:1266 Cultured constructs 1248:1266 Cultured constructs 1248:1266 Cultured constructs were assessed for gene expression, proteoglycan staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity, and diameter change. 25900045 11 27 theme proteoglycan 1793:1804 arg1 staining 1806:1813 proteoglycan staining 1793:1813 proteoglycan staining 1793:1813 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 0 28 theme porous 166:171 arg1 scaffolds 173:181 porous scaffolds 166:181 porous scaffolds 166:181 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 9 29 theme gene 1286:1289 arg1 expression 1291:1300 gene expression 1286:1300 gene expression 1286:1300 Cultured constructs were assessed for gene expression, proteoglycan staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity, and diameter change. 25900045 3 30 theme approved 612:619 arg1 scaffolds 628:636 clinically approved porous scaffolds 601:636 clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) 601:682 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 7 31 theme million 1016:1022 arg1 cells 1024:1028 10 million cells 1013:1028 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1013:1143 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 13 32 theme collagen 2110:2117 arg1 X 2119:2119 collagen X 2110:2119 collagen X 2110:2119 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 3 33 dep in 565:566 arg1 vitro 568:572 vitro 568:572 vitro 568:572 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 16 34 theme Hypoxic 2567:2573 arg1 isolation/expansion 2575:2593 Hypoxic isolation/expansion 2567:2593 Hypoxic isolation/expansion 2567:2593 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 16 34 theme Hypoxic 2567:2573 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2555:2565 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation 2555:2613 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation 2555:2613 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 14 35 theme hypoxic 2337:2343 arg1 differentiation 2345:2359 hypoxic differentiation 2337:2359 hypoxic differentiation 2337:2359 Proteoglycan deposition was not significantly improved in collagen scaffolds unless culture involved normoxic isolation/expansion followed by hypoxic differentiation. 25900045 11 36 theme P 1755:1755 arg1 <0.05 1757:1761 P <0.05 1755:1761 P <0.05 1755:1761 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 11 36 theme P 1755:1755 arg1 aggrecan 1712:1719 superior aggrecan 1703:1719 superior aggrecan 1703:1719 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 0 37 theme cells 64:68 arg1 culture 8:14 Hypoxic culture 0:14 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 0:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 13 38 theme collagen 2067:2074 arg1 scaffolds 2076:2084 collagen scaffolds 2067:2084 collagen scaffolds 2067:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 17 39 theme collagen 2691:2698 arg1 scaffolds 2709:2717 both collagen I and HA scaffolds 2686:2717 both collagen I and HA scaffolds 2686:2717 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 5 40 theme Ovine 819:823 arg1 BMSCs 825:829 METHODS Ovine BMSCs 811:829 METHODS Ovine BMSCs 811:829 METHODS Ovine BMSCs were isolated and expanded to passage 2 under hypoxia (3% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). 25900045 9 41 theme glycosaminoglycan 1326:1342 arg1 quantity 1350:1357 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity 1326:1357 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity 1326:1357 Cultured constructs were assessed for gene expression, proteoglycan staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity, and diameter change. 25900045 0 42 dep collagen 137:144 arg1 scaffolds 173:181 porous scaffolds 166:181 porous scaffolds 166:181 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 10 43 theme P 1477:1477 arg1 <0.05 1479:1483 P <0.05 1477:1483 P <0.05 1477:1483 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 10 43 theme P 1477:1477 arg1 day 1472:1474 day 1472:1474 day (P <0.05) 1472:1484 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 14 44 theme normoxic 2296:2303 arg1 isolation/expansion 2305:2323 normoxic isolation/expansion 2296:2323 normoxic isolation/expansion followed by hypoxic differentiation 2296:2359 Proteoglycan deposition was not significantly improved in collagen scaffolds unless culture involved normoxic isolation/expansion followed by hypoxic differentiation. 25900045 11 45 theme GAG 1765:1767 arg1 quantity 1769:1776 GAG quantity 1765:1776 GAG quantity (P <0.05) 1765:1786 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 11 45 theme GAG 1765:1767 arg1 <0.05 1781:1785 P <0.05 1779:1785 P <0.05 1779:1785 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 12 46 from isolation/expansion 1879:1897 arg1 constructs 1906:1915 all constructs 1902:1915 all constructs (P <0.01) 1902:1925 GAG/DNA was augmented with hypoxic isolation/expansion in all constructs (P <0.01). 25900045 12 46 from isolation/expansion 1879:1897 arg1 <0.01 1920:1924 P <0.01 1918:1924 P <0.01 1918:1924 GAG/DNA was augmented with hypoxic isolation/expansion in all constructs (P <0.01). 25900045 13 47 theme SOX9 2059:2062 arg1 expressions 1988:1998 increased mRNA expressions 1973:1998 increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds 1973:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 15 48 theme % 2544:2544 arg1 % 2551:2551 109.7% ± 4.2% 2539:2551 109.7% ± 4.2% 2539:2551 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 15 49 dep maintained 2527:2536 arg1 % 2551:2551 109.7% ± 4.2% 2539:2551 109.7% ± 4.2% 2539:2551 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 0 50 theme Hypoxic 0:6 arg1 culture 8:14 Hypoxic culture 0:14 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 0:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 13 51 theme X 2119:2119 arg1 expression 2096:2105 expression 2096:2105 expression 2096:2105 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 17 52 theme matrix 2823:2828 arg1 formation 2830:2838 extracellular matrix formation 2809:2838 extracellular matrix formation 2809:2838 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 3 53 from effect 544:549 arg1 chondrogenesis 579:592 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 565:592 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 565:592 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 2 54 theme scaffold 451:458 arg1 composition 460:470 scaffold composition 451:470 scaffold composition 451:470 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 0 55 theme marrow-derived 24:37 arg1 cells 64:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 13 56 theme P 2185:2185 arg1 <0.05 2187:2191 P <0.05 2185:2191 P <0.05 2185:2191 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 17 57 theme construct 2845:2853 arg1 size 2855:2858 construct size 2845:2858 construct size 2845:2858 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 3 58 theme study 520:524 arg1 objective 502:510 The objective 498:510 The objective of this study 498:524 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 0 59 theme stromal 51:57 arg1 cells 64:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 15 60 theme diameter 2467:2474 arg1 % 2450:2450 60.1% ± 8.9% 2439:2450 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter 2439:2474 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 15 60 theme diameter 2467:2474 arg1 diameter 2467:2474 the initial diameter 2455:2474 the initial diameter 2455:2474 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 11 61 theme superior 1703:1710 arg1 aggrecan 1712:1719 superior aggrecan 1703:1719 superior aggrecan 1703:1719 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 11 61 theme superior 1703:1710 arg1 <0.05 1757:1761 P <0.05 1755:1761 P <0.05 1755:1761 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 13 62 theme aggrecan 2045:2052 arg1 expressions 1988:1998 increased mRNA expressions 1973:1998 increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds 1973:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 11 63 theme mRNA 1737:1740 arg1 expressions 1742:1752 mRNA expressions 1737:1752 mRNA expressions 1737:1752 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 2 64 theme tissue 406:411 arg1 phenotype 413:421 tissue phenotype 406:421 tissue phenotype 406:421 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 1 65 theme stromal 270:276 arg1 BMSC 289:292 BMSC 289:292 BMSC 289:292 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 1 65 theme stromal 270:276 arg1 cell 283:286 stromal stem cell 270:286 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 8 66 theme Chondrogenic 1146:1157 arg1 differentiation 1159:1173 Chondrogenic differentiation 1146:1173 Chondrogenic differentiation 1146:1173 Chondrogenic differentiation was performed in a defined medium under hypoxia or normoxia for 14 days. 25900045 6 67 theme Cell 923:926 arg1 proliferation 928:940 Cell proliferation 923:940 Cell proliferation 923:940 Cell proliferation and colony-forming characteristics were assessed. 25900045 5 68 theme METHODS 811:817 arg1 BMSCs 825:829 METHODS Ovine BMSCs 811:829 METHODS Ovine BMSCs 811:829 METHODS Ovine BMSCs were isolated and expanded to passage 2 under hypoxia (3% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). 25900045 13 69 theme cartilage-associated 2011:2030 arg1 collagen 2032:2039 hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II 2003:2042 hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II 2003:2042 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 1 70 theme cell 283:286 arg1 transplantation 295:309 mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 258:309 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 17 71 theme cartilaginous 2756:2768 arg1 tissue 2770:2775 hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue 2743:2775 hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue 2743:2775 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 7 72 theme HA 1127:1128 arg1 mesh 1140:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 10 73 theme faster 1435:1440 arg1 doublings 1458:1466 faster BMSC population doublings 1435:1466 faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05) 1435:1484 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 13 74 theme mRNA 1983:1986 arg1 expressions 1988:1998 increased mRNA expressions 1973:1998 increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds 1973:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 10 75 dep RESULTS 1381:1387 arg1 resulted 1423:1430 resulted 1423:1430 resulted 1423:1430 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 5 76 theme % 887:887 arg1 oxygen 889:894 3% oxygen 886:894 3% oxygen 886:894 METHODS Ovine BMSCs were isolated and expanded to passage 2 under hypoxia (3% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). 25900045 5 76 theme % 887:887 arg1 hypoxia 877:883 hypoxia 877:883 hypoxia (3% oxygen) 877:895 METHODS Ovine BMSCs were isolated and expanded to passage 2 under hypoxia (3% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). 25900045 8 77 theme defined 1194:1200 arg1 medium 1202:1207 a defined medium 1192:1207 a defined medium 1192:1207 Chondrogenic differentiation was performed in a defined medium under hypoxia or normoxia for 14 days. 25900045 7 78 theme I 1104:1104 arg1 sponge 1106:1111 either collagen I sponge 1088:1111 either collagen I sponge 1088:1111 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 13 79 from expressions 1988:1998 arg1 scaffolds 2076:2084 collagen scaffolds 2067:2084 collagen scaffolds 2067:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 13 80 theme scaffold 1942:1949 arg1 composition 1951:1961 scaffold composition 1942:1961 scaffold composition 1942:1961 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 1 81 theme tissue 226:231 arg1 quality 201:207 The quality 197:207 The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 197:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 17 82 from variations 2778:2787 arg1 formation 2830:2838 extracellular matrix formation 2809:2838 extracellular matrix formation 2809:2838 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 17 82 from variations 2778:2787 arg1 size 2855:2858 construct size 2845:2858 construct size 2845:2858 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 17 82 from variations 2778:2787 arg1 expression 2797:2806 gene expression 2792:2806 gene expression 2792:2806 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 13 83 dep elevated 2175:2182 arg1 <0.05 2187:2191 P <0.05 2185:2191 P <0.05 2185:2191 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 5 84 theme % 912:912 arg1 hypoxia 877:883 hypoxia 877:883 hypoxia (3% oxygen) 877:895 METHODS Ovine BMSCs were isolated and expanded to passage 2 under hypoxia (3% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). 25900045 5 84 theme % 912:912 arg1 oxygen 914:919 21% oxygen 910:919 21% oxygen 910:919 METHODS Ovine BMSCs were isolated and expanded to passage 2 under hypoxia (3% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). 25900045 15 85 theme 60.1 2439:2442 arg1 % 2443:2443 % 2443:2443 % 2443:2443 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 3 86 theme porous 621:626 arg1 scaffolds 628:636 clinically approved porous scaffolds 601:636 clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) 601:682 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 1 87 dep marrow 251:256 arg1 transplantation 295:309 mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 258:309 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 7 88 theme cylindrical 1054:1064 arg1 scaffolds 1066:1074 cylindrical scaffolds 1054:1074 cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge 1054:1111 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 7 89 theme cubic 1034:1038 arg1 mesh 1140:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 10 90 theme population 1447:1456 arg1 doublings 1458:1466 faster BMSC population doublings 1435:1466 faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05) 1435:1484 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 7 91 theme centimeter 1040:1049 arg1 mesh 1140:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh 1034:1143 BMSCs were seeded at 10 million cells per cubic centimeter on cylindrical scaffolds composed of either collagen I sponge or esterified HA non-woven mesh. 25900045 10 92 dep different 1541:1549 arg1 0.30 1565:1568 0.30 1565:1568 0.30 1565:1568 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 10 92 dep different 1541:1549 arg1 P = 0.60 1552:1559 P = 0.60 1552:1559 P = 0.60 1552:1559 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 9 93 theme proteoglycan 1303:1314 arg1 staining 1316:1323 proteoglycan staining 1303:1323 proteoglycan staining 1303:1323 Cultured constructs were assessed for gene expression, proteoglycan staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity, and diameter change. 25900045 15 94 theme HA-based 2499:2506 arg1 size 2518:2521 HA-based construct size 2499:2521 HA-based construct size 2499:2521 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 0 95 theme in 94:95 arg1 chondrogenesis 103:116 in vitro chondrogenesis 94:116 in vitro chondrogenesis 94:116 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 12 96 theme P 1918:1918 arg1 constructs 1906:1915 all constructs 1902:1915 all constructs (P <0.01) 1902:1925 GAG/DNA was augmented with hypoxic isolation/expansion in all constructs (P <0.01). 25900045 12 96 theme P 1918:1918 arg1 <0.01 1920:1924 P <0.01 1918:1924 P <0.01 1918:1924 GAG/DNA was augmented with hypoxic isolation/expansion in all constructs (P <0.01). 25900045 16 97 theme in 2623:2624 arg1 chondrogenesis 2637:2650 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 2623:2650 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 2623:2650 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 4 98 theme hypoxic 710:716 arg1 isolation/expansion 718:736 isolation/expansion 718:736 isolation/expansion 718:736 It was hypothesized that hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation would improve BMSC chondrogenesis in each construct. 25900045 11 99 theme P 1779:1779 arg1 quantity 1769:1776 GAG quantity 1765:1776 GAG quantity (P <0.05) 1765:1786 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 11 99 theme P 1779:1779 arg1 <0.05 1781:1785 P <0.05 1779:1785 P <0.05 1779:1785 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 15 100 theme initial 2459:2465 arg1 diameter 2467:2474 the initial diameter 2455:2474 the initial diameter 2455:2474 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 16 101 theme BMSC 2632:2635 arg1 chondrogenesis 2637:2650 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 2623:2650 in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis 2623:2650 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 0 102 theme cell-seeded 125:135 arg1 collagen 137:144 cell-seeded collagen 125:144 cell-seeded collagen 125:144 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 11 103 with comparison 1818:1827 arg1 normoxia 1834:1841 normoxia 1834:1841 normoxia 1834:1841 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 10 104 theme cell 1495:1498 arg1 counts 1511:1516 cell and colony counts 1495:1516 counts 1511:1516 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 1 105 theme mesenchymal 258:268 arg1 transplantation 295:309 mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 258:309 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 15 106 theme  ± 8.9 2444:2449 arg1 % 2443:2443 % 2443:2443 % 2443:2443 During chondrogenesis, collagen-based constructs progressively contracted to 60.1% ± 8.9% of the initial diameter after 14 days, whereas HA-based construct size was maintained (109.7% ± 4.2%). 25900045 0 107 dep in 94:95 arg1 vitro 97:101 vitro 97:101 vitro 97:101 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 17 108 theme extracellular 2809:2821 arg1 formation 2830:2838 extracellular matrix formation 2809:2838 extracellular matrix formation 2809:2838 Although both collagen I and HA scaffolds support the creation of hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, variations in gene expression, extracellular matrix formation, and construct size occur during chondrogenesis. 25900045 1 109 dep INTRODUCTION 184:195 arg1 correlated 320:329 correlated 320:329 has been correlated with clinical outcome 311:351 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 14 110 theme collagen 2253:2260 arg1 scaffolds 2262:2270 collagen scaffolds 2253:2270 collagen scaffolds 2253:2270 Proteoglycan deposition was not significantly improved in collagen scaffolds unless culture involved normoxic isolation/expansion followed by hypoxic differentiation. 25900045 9 111 theme diameter 1364:1371 arg1 change 1373:1378 diameter change 1364:1378 diameter change 1364:1378 Cultured constructs were assessed for gene expression, proteoglycan staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantity, and diameter change. 25900045 0 112 theme mesenchymal 39:49 arg1 cells 64:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 12 113 theme hypoxic 1871:1877 arg1 isolation/expansion 1879:1897 hypoxic isolation/expansion 1871:1897 hypoxic isolation/expansion in all constructs (P <0.01) 1871:1925 GAG/DNA was augmented with hypoxic isolation/expansion in all constructs (P <0.01). 25900045 10 114 theme colony 1504:1509 arg1 counts 1511:1516 cell and colony counts 1495:1516 counts 1511:1516 RESULTS Isolation/expansion under hypoxia resulted in faster BMSC population doublings per day (P <0.05), whereas cell and colony counts were not significantly different (P = 0.60 and 0.30, respectively). 25900045 3 115 theme hyaluronic 663:672 arg1 HA 680:681 HA 680:681 HA 680:681 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 3 115 theme hyaluronic 663:672 arg1 acid 674:677 hyaluronic acid 663:677 hyaluronic acid (HA) 663:682 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within clinically approved porous scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). 25900045 16 116 dep in 2623:2624 arg1 vitro 2626:2630 vitro 2626:2630 vitro 2626:2630 CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic isolation/expansion and differentiation enhance in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis within porous scaffolds. 25900045 13 117 theme collagen 2032:2039 arg1 expressions 1988:1998 increased mRNA expressions 1973:1998 increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds 1973:2084 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 2 118 theme oxygen 432:437 arg1 tension 439:445 oxygen tension 432:445 oxygen tension 432:445 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 0 119 theme stem 59:62 arg1 cells 64:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells 19:68 Hypoxic culture of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells differentially enhances in vitro chondrogenesis within cell-seeded collagen and hyaluronic acid porous scaffolds. 25900045 1 120 theme clinical 336:343 arg1 outcome 345:351 clinical outcome 336:351 clinical outcome 336:351 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 1 121 attach derived 233:239 arg1 marrow 251:256 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 1 121 attach derived 233:239 arg2 tissue 226:231 cartilaginous tissue 212:231 cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 212:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 11 122 theme HA 1599:1600 arg1 scaffolds 1602:1610 Collagen and HA scaffolds 1586:1610 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia 1586:1691 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 2 123 theme culture 365:371 arg1 tension 439:445 oxygen tension 432:445 oxygen tension 432:445 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 2 123 theme culture 365:371 arg1 composition 460:470 scaffold composition 451:470 scaffold composition 451:470 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 2 123 theme culture 365:371 arg1 conditions 373:382 culture conditions 365:382 culture conditions 365:382 Therefore, culture conditions capable of modulating tissue phenotype, such as oxygen tension and scaffold composition, are under investigation. 25900045 11 124 dep aggrecan 1712:1719 arg1 expressions 1742:1752 mRNA expressions 1737:1752 mRNA expressions 1737:1752 Collagen and HA scaffolds seeded with BMSCs that were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under hypoxia exhibited superior aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions (P <0.05), GAG quantity (P <0.05), and proteoglycan staining in comparison with normoxia. 25900045 13 125 theme hyaline 2003:2009 arg1 collagen 2032:2039 hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II 2003:2042 hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II 2003:2042 Comparison by scaffold composition indicated increased mRNA expressions of hyaline cartilage-associated collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in collagen scaffolds, although expression of collagen X, which is related to hypertrophic cartilage, was also elevated (P <0.05). 25900045 1 126 theme stem 278:281 arg1 BMSC 289:292 BMSC 289:292 BMSC 289:292 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 25900045 1 126 theme stem 278:281 arg1 cell 283:286 stromal stem cell 270:286 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation 246:309 INTRODUCTION The quality of cartilaginous tissue derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been correlated with clinical outcome. 24361425 2 0 theme glass 474:478 arg1 content 485:491 glass bead content 474:491 glass bead content 474:491 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 4 1 theme glass 834:838 arg1 beads 840:844 the glass beads 830:844 the glass beads 830:844 In fact, even the particle size distribution of the glass beads was modified during injection. 24361425 1 2 theme phosphate 233:241 arg1 pastes 243:248 aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes 212:248 aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes 212:248 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 1 3 theme Glass 152:156 arg1 beads 158:162 Glass beads 152:162 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size 152:196 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 0 4 theme β-tricalcium 86:97 arg1 powder 109:114 β-tricalcium phosphate powder 86:114 β-tricalcium phosphate powder 86:114 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 1 5 theme calcium 338:344 arg1 injectability 321:333 the injectability 317:333 the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties 317:374 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 5 6 theme multiphasic 920:930 arg1 pastes 943:948 multiphasic injectable pastes 920:948 multiphasic injectable pastes 920:948 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 2 7 theme bead 500:503 arg1 size 505:508 glass bead size 494:508 glass bead size 494:508 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 3 8 theme glass 690:694 arg1 beads 696:700 the glass beads 686:700 the glass beads 686:700 The results revealed that the injection process led to both liquid and glass bead segregations: the liquid flowed faster than the glass beads, which themselves flowed faster than the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles. 24361425 4 9 theme beads 840:844 arg1 distribution 814:825 even the particle size distribution 791:825 even the particle size distribution of the glass beads 791:844 In fact, even the particle size distribution of the glass beads was modified during injection. 24361425 5 10 theme injectable 932:941 arg1 pastes 943:948 multiphasic injectable pastes 920:948 multiphasic injectable pastes 920:948 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 2 11 theme glass 494:498 arg1 size 505:508 glass bead size 494:508 glass bead size 494:508 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 3 12 dep liquid 620:625 arg1 segregations 642:653 bead segregations 637:653 bead segregations 637:653 The results revealed that the injection process led to both liquid and glass bead segregations: the liquid flowed faster than the glass beads, which themselves flowed faster than the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles. 24361425 4 13 theme size 809:812 arg1 distribution 814:825 even the particle size distribution 791:825 even the particle size distribution of the glass beads 791:844 In fact, even the particle size distribution of the glass beads was modified during injection. 24361425 5 14 theme pastes 943:948 arg1 design 910:915 a good design 903:915 a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes 903:948 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 5 14 theme pastes 943:948 arg1 essential 953:961 essential 953:961 essential 953:961 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 0 15 theme phosphate 99:107 arg1 powder 109:114 β-tricalcium phosphate powder 86:114 β-tricalcium phosphate powder 86:114 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 2 16 from effect 464:469 arg1 injectability 545:557 the paste injectability 535:557 the paste injectability 535:557 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 4 17 theme particle 800:807 arg1 distribution 814:825 even the particle size distribution 791:825 even the particle size distribution of the glass beads 791:844 In fact, even the particle size distribution of the glass beads was modified during injection. 24361425 1 18 theme microspheres 301:312 arg1 effect 266:271 the effect 262:271 the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties 262:374 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 1 19 theme putties 368:374 arg1 injectability 321:333 the injectability 317:333 the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties 317:374 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 2 20 theme content 485:491 arg1 effect 464:469 the effect 460:469 the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability 460:557 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 1 21 theme few 166:168 arg1 micrometers 178:188 a few hundred micrometers 164:188 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size 152:196 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 2 22 theme injection 432:440 arg1 process 442:448 the injection process 428:448 the injection process 428:448 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 1 23 from effect 266:271 arg1 injectability 321:333 the injectability 317:333 the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties 317:374 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 0 24 dep pastes 67:72 arg1 composed 74:81 composed 74:81 pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions 67:149 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 3 25 theme β-tricalcium 743:754 arg1 microparticles 766:779 the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles 739:779 the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles 739:779 The results revealed that the injection process led to both liquid and glass bead segregations: the liquid flowed faster than the glass beads, which themselves flowed faster than the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles. 24361425 1 26 dep calcium 338:344 arg1 phosphate 346:354 phosphate cements 346:362 phosphate cements 346:362 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 0 27 theme glass 117:121 arg1 beads 123:127 glass beads 117:127 glass beads 117:127 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 2 28 theme size 505:508 arg1 effect 464:469 the effect 460:469 the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability 460:557 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 5 29 theme good 905:908 arg1 design 910:915 a good design 903:915 a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes 903:948 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 5 29 theme good 905:908 arg1 essential 953:961 essential 953:961 essential 953:961 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 2 30 theme composition 520:530 arg1 effect 464:469 the effect 460:469 the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability 460:557 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 1 31 theme porogens 276:283 arg1 effect 266:271 the effect 262:271 the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties 262:374 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 2 32 theme paste 514:518 arg1 composition 520:530 paste composition 514:530 paste composition 514:530 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 5 33 theme phase 974:978 arg1 separation 980:989 phase separation 974:989 phase separation 974:989 These results reveal that a good design of multiphasic injectable pastes is essential to prevent phase separation. 24361425 2 34 theme pastes 400:405 arg1 composition 381:391 The composition 377:391 The composition of the pastes 377:405 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 3 35 theme phosphate 756:764 arg1 microparticles 766:779 the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles 739:779 the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles 739:779 The results revealed that the injection process led to both liquid and glass bead segregations: the liquid flowed faster than the glass beads, which themselves flowed faster than the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles. 24361425 1 36 theme drug-loaded 289:299 arg1 microspheres 301:312 drug-loaded microspheres 289:312 drug-loaded microspheres 289:312 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 1 37 dep beads 158:162 arg1 micrometers 178:188 a few hundred micrometers 164:188 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size 152:196 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 1 38 dep phosphate 346:354 arg1 cements 356:362 cements 356:362 cements 356:362 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 0 39 theme aqueous 133:139 arg1 solutions 141:149 aqueous solutions 133:149 aqueous solutions 133:149 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 1 40 from micrometers 178:188 arg1 size 193:196 size 193:196 size 193:196 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 3 41 theme injection 590:598 arg1 process 600:606 the injection process 586:606 the injection process 586:606 The results revealed that the injection process led to both liquid and glass bead segregations: the liquid flowed faster than the glass beads, which themselves flowed faster than the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles. 24361425 2 42 theme paste 539:543 arg1 injectability 545:557 the paste injectability 535:557 the paste injectability 535:557 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 0 43 theme model 61:65 arg1 injection 48:56 the injection 44:56 the injection of model 44:65 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 3 44 theme bead 637:640 arg1 segregations 642:653 bead segregations 637:653 bead segregations 637:653 The results revealed that the injection process led to both liquid and glass bead segregations: the liquid flowed faster than the glass beads, which themselves flowed faster than the β-tricalcium phosphate microparticles. 24361425 1 45 theme aqueous 212:218 arg1 pastes 243:248 aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes 212:248 aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes 212:248 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 24361425 2 46 theme bead 480:483 arg1 content 485:491 glass bead content 474:491 glass bead content 474:491 The composition of the pastes was monitored during the injection process to assess the effect of glass bead content, glass bead size and paste composition on the paste injectability. 24361425 0 47 dep Phase 0:4 arg1 separations 15:25 separations 15:25 separations 15:25 Phase and size separations occurring during the injection of model pastes composed of β-tricalcium phosphate powder, glass beads and aqueous solutions. 24361425 1 48 theme β-tricalcium 220:231 arg1 pastes 243:248 aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes 212:248 aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes 212:248 Glass beads a few hundred micrometers in size were added to aqueous β-tricalcium phosphate pastes to simulate the effect of porogens and drug-loaded microspheres on the injectability of calcium phosphate cements and putties. 28890374 0 0 theme films 97:101 arg1 properties 34:43 Physico-mechanical and structural properties 0:43 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 0:102 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 1 1 theme composite 180:188 arg1 films 197:201 composite edible films 180:201 composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch) 180:289 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 0 2 theme edible 90:95 arg1 films 97:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 1 3 theme edible 190:195 arg1 films 197:201 composite edible films 180:201 composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch) 180:289 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 6 4 theme chitosan 1056:1063 arg1 addition 1044:1051 the addition 1040:1051 the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin 1040:1092 Also, the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources could improve the films' functional properties. 28890374 3 5 dep films 644:648 arg1 0G:100Ch 664:671 0G:100Ch 664:671 0G:100Ch 664:671 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 5 dep films 644:648 arg1 100G:0Ch 651:658 100G:0Ch 651:658 100G:0Ch 651:658 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 5 dep films 644:648 arg1 films 644:648 plain films 638:648 plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) 638:672 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 6 theme composite 684:692 arg1 p<0.05 701:706 p<0.05 701:706 p<0.05 701:706 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 6 theme composite 684:692 arg1 films 694:698 other composite films 678:698 other composite films (p<0.05) 678:707 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 5 7 theme homogenous 934:943 arg1 structure 957:965 a homogenous and compact structure 932:965 a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch 932:991 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 2 8 theme Ch 338:339 arg1 addition 326:333 the addition 322:333 the addition of Ch 322:339 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 5 9 theme Scanning 834:841 arg1 microscopy 852:861 Scanning electron microscopy 834:861 Scanning electron microscopy 834:861 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 2 10 from change 426:431 arg1 TS 454:455 TS 454:455 TS 454:455 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 2 10 from change 426:431 arg1 strength 444:451 tensile strength 436:451 tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film 436:528 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 4 11 theme spectroscopy 737:748 arg1 evaluation 750:759 spectroscopy evaluation 737:759 spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties 737:784 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties showed that both polymers are totally miscible. 28890374 1 12 theme films 197:201 arg1 properties 166:175 the physico-mechanical and structural properties 128:175 the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch) 128:289 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 2 13 theme 75G:25Ch 464:471 arg1 mixtures 483:490 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures 464:490 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures 464:490 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 5 14 theme compact 949:955 arg1 structure 957:965 a homogenous and compact structure 932:965 a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch 932:991 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 5 15 from structure 957:965 arg1 75G:25Ch 970:977 75G:25Ch 970:977 75G:25Ch 970:977 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 5 15 from structure 957:965 arg1 50G:50 983:988 50G:50 983:988 50G:50 983:988 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 5 16 theme electron 843:850 arg1 microscopy 852:861 Scanning electron microscopy 834:861 Scanning electron microscopy 834:861 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 2 17 theme significant 414:424 arg1 change 426:431 no significant change 411:431 no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film 411:528 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 3 18 theme other 678:682 arg1 p<0.05 701:706 p<0.05 701:706 p<0.05 701:706 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 18 theme other 678:682 arg1 films 694:698 other composite films 678:698 other composite films (p<0.05) 678:707 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 5 19 theme films 913:917 arg1 morphology 885:894 the morphology 881:894 the morphology of the composite films 881:917 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 0 20 theme Physico-mechanical 0:17 arg1 properties 34:43 Physico-mechanical and structural properties 0:43 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 0:102 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 3 21 theme water 535:539 arg1 solubility 541:550 The water solubility and water vapor permeability 531:579 solubility 541:550 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 1 22 theme eggshell 212:219 arg1 gelatin 230:236 eggshell membrane gelatin 212:236 eggshell membrane gelatin (G) 212:240 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 1 22 theme eggshell 212:219 arg1 G 239:239 G 239:239 G 239:239 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 2 23 theme gelatin-based 511:523 arg1 film 525:528 gelatin-based film 511:528 gelatin-based film 511:528 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 5 24 theme composite 903:911 arg1 films 913:917 the composite films 899:917 the composite films 899:917 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 1 25 theme membrane 221:228 arg1 gelatin 230:236 eggshell membrane gelatin 212:236 eggshell membrane gelatin (G) 212:240 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 1 25 theme membrane 221:228 arg1 G 239:239 G 239:239 G 239:239 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 0 26 theme structural 23:32 arg1 properties 34:43 Physico-mechanical and structural properties 0:43 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 0:102 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 2 27 dep 75G:25Ch 464:471 arg1 50G:50Ch 474:481 50G:50Ch 474:481 50G:50Ch 474:481 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 1 28 dep chitosan 246:253 arg1 25G:75Ch 281:288 25G:75Ch 281:288 25G:75Ch 281:288 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 1 28 dep chitosan 246:253 arg1 50G:50Ch 271:278 50G:50Ch 271:278 50G:50Ch 271:278 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 1 28 dep chitosan 246:253 arg1 75G:25Ch 261:268 75G:25Ch 261:268 75G:25Ch 261:268 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 4 29 dep Fourier 710:716 arg1 transform 718:726 transform 718:726 transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties 718:784 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties showed that both polymers are totally miscible. 28890374 6 30 theme chemical 1004:1011 arg1 interactions 1013:1024 the chemical interactions 1000:1024 the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources 1000:1109 Also, the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources could improve the films' functional properties. 28890374 0 31 theme eggshell 48:55 arg1 films 97:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 3 32 theme water 556:560 arg1 permeability 568:579 The water solubility and water vapor permeability 531:579 permeability 568:579 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 2 33 theme tensile 436:442 arg1 TS 454:455 TS 454:455 TS 454:455 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 2 33 theme tensile 436:442 arg1 strength 444:451 tensile strength 436:451 tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film 436:528 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 3 34 theme film 597:600 arg1 solubility 541:550 The water solubility and water vapor permeability 531:579 solubility 541:550 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 34 theme film 597:600 arg1 permeability 568:579 The water solubility and water vapor permeability 531:579 permeability 568:579 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 35 theme vapor 562:566 arg1 permeability 568:579 The water solubility and water vapor permeability 531:579 permeability 568:579 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 2 36 from break 365:369 arg1 elongation 351:360 elongation 351:360 elongation at break 351:369 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 0 37 theme gelatin- 66:73 arg1 films 97:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 6 38 theme new 1097:1099 arg1 resources 1101:1109 new resources 1097:1109 new resources 1097:1109 Also, the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources could improve the films' functional properties. 28890374 0 39 theme membrane 57:64 arg1 films 97:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 6 40 theme functional 1136:1145 arg1 properties 1147:1156 the films' functional properties 1125:1156 the films' functional properties 1125:1156 Also, the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources could improve the films' functional properties. 28890374 4 41 dep transform 718:726 arg1 infrared 728:735 infrared 728:735 transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties 718:784 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties showed that both polymers are totally miscible. 28890374 5 42 used used 867:870 arg2 microscopy 852:861 Scanning electron microscopy 834:861 Scanning electron microscopy 834:861 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 1 43 theme physico-mechanical 132:149 arg1 properties 166:175 the physico-mechanical and structural properties 128:175 the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch) 128:289 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 2 44 with comparison 495:504 arg1 film 525:528 gelatin-based film 511:528 gelatin-based film 511:528 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 28890374 4 45 theme structural 764:773 arg1 properties 775:784 structural properties 764:784 structural properties 764:784 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties showed that both polymers are totally miscible. 28890374 6 46 theme membrane 1077:1084 arg1 gelatin 1086:1092 eggshell membrane gelatin 1068:1092 eggshell membrane gelatin 1068:1092 Also, the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources could improve the films' functional properties. 28890374 3 47 theme 50G:50Ch 588:595 arg1 film 597:600 the 50G:50Ch film 584:600 the 50G:50Ch film 584:600 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 1 48 theme structural 155:164 arg1 properties 166:175 the physico-mechanical and structural properties 128:175 the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch) 128:289 This study investigated the physico-mechanical and structural properties of composite edible films based on eggshell membrane gelatin (G) and chitosan (Ch) (75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch, 25G:75Ch). 28890374 0 49 theme blend 84:88 arg1 films 97:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 3 50 theme plain 638:642 arg1 0G:100Ch 664:671 0G:100Ch 664:671 0G:100Ch 664:671 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 50 theme plain 638:642 arg1 100G:0Ch 651:658 100G:0Ch 651:658 100G:0Ch 651:658 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 3 50 theme plain 638:642 arg1 films 644:648 plain films 638:648 plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) 638:672 The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the 50G:50Ch film decreased significantly compared to plain films (100G:0Ch and 0G:100Ch) and other composite films (p<0.05). 28890374 4 51 theme properties 775:784 arg1 evaluation 750:759 spectroscopy evaluation 737:759 spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties 737:784 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of structural properties showed that both polymers are totally miscible. 28890374 5 52 dep 75G:25Ch 970:977 arg1 Ch 990:991 Ch 990:991 Ch 990:991 Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the composite films; it revealed a homogenous and compact structure in 75G:25Ch and 50G:50 Ch. 28890374 6 53 theme eggshell 1068:1075 arg1 gelatin 1086:1092 eggshell membrane gelatin 1068:1092 eggshell membrane gelatin 1068:1092 Also, the chemical interactions introduced by the addition of chitosan to eggshell membrane gelatin as new resources could improve the films' functional properties. 28890374 0 54 theme chitosan 75:82 arg1 films 97:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films 48:101 Physico-mechanical and structural properties of eggshell membrane gelatin- chitosan blend edible films. 28890374 2 55 dep significantly 371:383 arg1 p<0.05 386:391 p<0.05 386:391 p<0.05 386:391 The results demonstrated that the addition of Ch increased elongation at break significantly (p<0.05), but resulted in no significant change in tensile strength (TS) using 75G:25Ch, 50G:50Ch mixtures in comparison with gelatin-based film. 26831146 16 0 theme interconnected 2134:2147 arg1 macropores 2159:2168 interconnected spherical macropores 2134:2168 interconnected spherical macropores 2134:2168 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 11 1 theme 1 1486:1486 arg1 frequency 1465:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 8 2 theme compression 1135:1145 arg1 method 1180:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method. 26831146 18 3 theme load 2373:2376 arg1 influence 2345:2353 the influence 2341:2353 the influence of the mechanical load on the cell of the scaffold 2341:2404 It is benefit to study the influence of the mechanical load on the cell of the scaffold. 26831146 13 4 theme significance 1708:1719 arg1 difference 1721:1730 no significance difference 1705:1730 no significance difference 1705:1730 At each frequency, modulus value is decreased with the paraffin microspheres content, but there was no significance difference in the peak stress of the three samples. 26831146 11 5 theme 0.5 1481:1483 arg1 frequency 1465:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 1 6 theme external 277:284 arg1 load 297:300 the external mechanical load 273:300 the external mechanical load 273:300 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 16 7 with scaffolds 2119:2127 arg1 macropores 2159:2168 interconnected spherical macropores 2134:2168 interconnected spherical macropores 2134:2168 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 5 8 theme /chitosan 768:776 arg1 scaffolds 800:808 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds 742:808 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 742:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 7 9 theme scaffolds 1070:1078 arg1 fabrication 1051:1061 the fabrication 1047:1061 the fabrication of the scaffolds 1047:1078 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 8 10 theme leaching 1171:1178 arg1 method 1180:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method. 26831146 4 11 theme pore 635:638 arg1 connectivity 640:651 good pore connectivity 630:651 good pore connectivity 630:651 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 9 12 theme porogen 1207:1213 arg1 content 1215:1221 the porogen content 1203:1221 the porogen content 1203:1221 The effects of the porogen content on the properties of the scaffolds were studied. 26831146 18 13 from influence 2345:2353 arg1 cell 2385:2388 the cell 2381:2388 the cell of the scaffold 2381:2404 It is benefit to study the influence of the mechanical load on the cell of the scaffold. 26831146 14 14 theme hysteresis 1812:1821 arg1 loops 1823:1827 clear hysteresis loops 1806:1827 clear hysteresis loops 1806:1827 All the samples tested displayed clear hysteresis loops. 26831146 13 15 theme paraffin 1660:1667 arg1 content 1682:1688 the paraffin microspheres content 1656:1688 the paraffin microspheres content 1656:1688 At each frequency, modulus value is decreased with the paraffin microspheres content, but there was no significance difference in the peak stress of the three samples. 26831146 5 16 theme spherical 835:843 arg1 architectures 850:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 12 17 theme porous 1504:1509 arg1 scaffolds 1521:1529 The porous composite scaffolds 1500:1529 The porous composite scaffolds 1500:1529 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 17 18 theme viscosity-elastic 2265:2281 arg1 behaviour 2283:2291 a viscosity-elastic behaviour 2263:2291 a viscosity-elastic behaviour with good repeatability 2263:2315 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with good repeatability. 26831146 4 19 theme mechanical 677:686 arg1 property 688:695 its dynamic mechanical property 665:695 its dynamic mechanical property 665:695 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 16 20 theme Micro-HA/CS 2097:2107 arg1 scaffolds 2119:2127 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds 2085:2127 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores 2085:2168 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 1 21 from adhered 213:219 arg1 process 119:125 the process 115:125 the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction 115:194 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 1 22 theme bone 130:133 arg1 reparation 145:154 bone defective reparation 130:154 bone defective reparation 130:154 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 5 23 dep METHODS 698:704 arg1 METHODS 698:704 METHODS Fabrication and characterization 698:737 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 698:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 5 23 dep METHODS 698:704 arg1 characterization 722:737 characterization 722:737 characterization 722:737 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 5 23 dep METHODS 698:704 arg1 Fabrication 706:716 Fabrication 706:716 Fabrication 706:716 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 11 24 theme loading 1457:1463 arg1 frequency 1465:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 7 25 theme µm 976:977 arg1 range 959:963 the range 955:963 the range of 160-330 µm 955:977 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 1 26 theme reparation 145:154 arg1 process 119:125 the process 115:125 the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction 115:194 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 7 27 from spheres 944:950 arg1 range 959:963 the range 955:963 the range of 160-330 µm 955:977 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 5 28 theme micro-hydroxyapatite 742:761 arg1 CS 778:779 CS 778:779 CS 778:779 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 5 28 theme micro-hydroxyapatite 742:761 arg1 /chitosan 768:776 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan 742:776 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 742:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 1 29 theme engineered 160:169 arg1 construction 183:194 engineered bone tissue construction 160:194 engineered bone tissue construction 160:194 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 15 30 with similar 2029:2035 arg1 differences 2072:2082 no statistically significant differences 2043:2082 no statistically significant differences 2043:2082 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 1 31 dep BACKGROUND 101:110 arg1 impart 266:271 impart 266:271 impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts 266:319 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 1 31 dep BACKGROUND 101:110 arg1 adhered 213:219 adhered 213:219 adhered 213:219 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 5 32 theme m-HA 763:766 arg1 CS 778:779 CS 778:779 CS 778:779 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 5 32 theme m-HA 763:766 arg1 /chitosan 768:776 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan 742:776 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 742:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 1 33 theme tissue 176:181 arg1 construction 183:194 engineered bone tissue construction 160:194 engineered bone tissue construction 160:194 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 15 34 theme peak 1874:1877 arg1 hysteresis 1879:1888 the peak hysteresis 1870:1888 the peak hysteresis of the three samples 1870:1909 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 13 35 theme samples 1764:1770 arg1 stress 1744:1749 the peak stress 1735:1749 the peak stress of the three samples 1735:1770 At each frequency, modulus value is decreased with the paraffin microspheres content, but there was no significance difference in the peak stress of the three samples. 26831146 12 36 theme kPa 1600:1602 arg1 stress 1586:1591 a maximum stress 1576:1591 a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa 1576:1602 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 2 37 theme tissue 410:415 arg1 repair 417:422 the bone tissue repair 401:422 the bone tissue repair 401:422 So, the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds play an important role in the bone tissue repair and it is valuable to research. 26831146 16 38 theme pherical 2192:2199 arg1 paraffin 2201:2208 pherical paraffin 2192:2208 pherical paraffin 2192:2208 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 17 39 with behaviour 2283:2291 arg1 repeatability 2303:2315 good repeatability 2298:2315 good repeatability 2298:2315 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with good repeatability. 26831146 17 40 theme composite 2233:2241 arg1 scaffolds 2243:2251 The porous composite scaffolds 2222:2251 The porous composite scaffolds 2222:2251 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with good repeatability. 26831146 15 41 theme significance 1843:1854 arg1 difference 1856:1865 no significance difference 1840:1865 no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples 1840:1909 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 2 42 theme important 383:391 arg1 role 393:396 an important role 380:396 an important role 380:396 So, the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds play an important role in the bone tissue repair and it is valuable to research. 26831146 5 43 theme polymer 782:788 arg1 scaffolds 800:808 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds 742:808 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 742:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 1 44 theme mechanical 286:295 arg1 load 297:300 the external mechanical load 273:300 the external mechanical load 273:300 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 15 45 theme compression 1967:1977 arg1 cycle 1979:1983 the sixth compression cycle 1957:1983 the sixth compression cycle 1957:1983 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 12 46 theme maximum 1578:1584 arg1 stress 1586:1591 a maximum stress 1576:1591 a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa 1576:1602 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 15 47 theme difference 1931:1940 arg1 values 1942:1947 the hysteresis difference values 1916:1947 the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle 1916:1983 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 5 48 theme scaffolds 800:808 arg1 METHODS 698:704 METHODS Fabrication and characterization 698:737 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 698:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 5 48 theme scaffolds 800:808 arg1 characterization 722:737 characterization 722:737 characterization 722:737 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 5 48 theme scaffolds 800:808 arg1 Fabrication 706:716 Fabrication 706:716 Fabrication 706:716 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 18 49 theme scaffold 2397:2404 arg1 cell 2385:2388 the cell 2381:2388 the cell of the scaffold 2381:2404 It is benefit to study the influence of the mechanical load on the cell of the scaffold. 26831146 11 50 theme % 1427:1427 arg1 strain 1429:1434 10 % strain 1424:1434 10 % strain 1424:1434 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 2 51 theme bone 405:408 arg1 repair 417:422 the bone tissue repair 401:422 the bone tissue repair 401:422 So, the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds play an important role in the bone tissue repair and it is valuable to research. 26831146 5 52 theme pore 845:848 arg1 architectures 850:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 0 53 theme micro-HA/CS 27:37 arg1 composite 39:47 micro-HA/CS composite 27:47 micro-HA/CS composite 27:47 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 26831146 0 54 theme interconnected 64:77 arg1 macropores 89:98 interconnected spherical macropores 64:98 interconnected spherical macropores 64:98 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 26831146 4 55 with kind 608:611 arg1 connectivity 640:651 good pore connectivity 630:651 good pore connectivity 630:651 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 10 56 theme porogen 1301:1307 arg1 increase 1289:1296 the increase 1285:1296 the increase of porogen, the pore of the scaffolds 1285:1334 RESULTS With the increase of porogen, the pore of the scaffolds increased and became interconnected. 26831146 2 57 theme dynamic 330:336 arg1 property 349:356 the dynamic mechanical property 326:356 the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds 326:373 So, the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds play an important role in the bone tissue repair and it is valuable to research. 26831146 1 58 from process 119:125 arg1 adhered 213:219 adhered 213:219 adhered 213:219 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 10 59 theme scaffolds 1326:1334 arg1 porogen 1301:1307 porogen 1301:1307 porogen 1301:1307 RESULTS With the increase of porogen, the pore of the scaffolds increased and became interconnected. 26831146 10 59 theme scaffolds 1326:1334 arg1 pore 1314:1317 the pore 1310:1317 the pore of the scaffolds 1310:1334 RESULTS With the increase of porogen, the pore of the scaffolds increased and became interconnected. 26831146 3 60 theme scaffolds 502:510 arg1 type 465:468 Material type 456:468 Material type 456:468 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 3 60 theme scaffolds 502:510 arg1 important 521:529 important 521:529 important 521:529 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 3 60 theme scaffolds 502:510 arg1 design 492:497 the architectural design 474:497 the architectural design of scaffolds 474:510 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 1 61 theme scaffold 243:250 arg1 materials 252:260 the scaffold materials 239:260 the scaffold materials 239:260 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 16 62 theme spherical 2149:2157 arg1 macropores 2159:2168 interconnected spherical macropores 2134:2168 interconnected spherical macropores 2134:2168 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 16 63 theme composite 2109:2117 arg1 scaffolds 2119:2127 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds 2085:2127 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores 2085:2168 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 12 64 with behaviour 1561:1569 arg1 stress 1586:1591 a maximum stress 1576:1591 a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa 1576:1602 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 7 65 from porogen 1036:1042 arg1 fabrication 1051:1061 the fabrication 1047:1061 the fabrication of the scaffolds 1047:1078 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 18 66 theme mechanical 2362:2371 arg1 load 2373:2376 the mechanical load 2358:2376 the mechanical load 2358:2376 It is benefit to study the influence of the mechanical load on the cell of the scaffold. 26831146 11 67 theme Cyclic 1373:1378 arg1 loading 1380:1386 Cyclic loading 1373:1386 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds 1373:1405 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 1 68 theme construction 183:194 arg1 process 119:125 the process 115:125 the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction 115:194 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 8 69 theme molding 1147:1153 arg1 method 1180:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method. 26831146 4 70 theme material 616:623 arg1 kind 608:611 a kind 606:611 a kind of material with good pore connectivity 606:651 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 3 71 theme tissue 554:559 arg1 growth 561:566 cell and tissue growth 545:566 cell and tissue growth 545:566 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 8 72 theme particulate 1159:1169 arg1 method 1180:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 compression molding and particulate leaching method 1135:1185 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method. 26831146 12 73 theme viscosity-elastic 1543:1559 arg1 behaviour 1561:1569 a viscosity-elastic behaviour 1541:1569 a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa 1541:1602 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 5 74 with scaffolds 800:808 arg1 architectures 850:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 4 75 theme good 630:633 arg1 connectivity 640:651 good pore connectivity 630:651 good pore connectivity 630:651 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 15 76 from difference 1856:1865 arg1 hysteresis 1879:1888 the peak hysteresis 1870:1888 the peak hysteresis of the three samples 1870:1909 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 11 77 theme Hz 1496:1497 arg1 levels 1447:1452 four levels 1442:1452 four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz 1442:1497 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 3 78 theme cell 545:548 arg1 growth 561:566 cell and tissue growth 545:566 cell and tissue growth 545:566 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 15 79 theme significant 2060:2070 arg1 differences 2072:2082 no statistically significant differences 2043:2082 no statistically significant differences 2043:2082 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 8 80 theme method 1180:1185 arg1 technique 1122:1130 the technique 1118:1130 the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method 1118:1185 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method. 26831146 16 81 theme CONCLUSIONS 2085:2095 arg1 scaffolds 2119:2127 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds 2085:2127 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores 2085:2168 CONCLUSIONS Micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores were fabricated using pherical paraffin as porogen. 26831146 2 82 theme mechanical 338:347 arg1 property 349:356 the dynamic mechanical property 326:356 the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds 326:373 So, the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds play an important role in the bone tissue repair and it is valuable to research. 26831146 9 83 theme content 1215:1221 arg1 effects 1192:1198 The effects 1188:1198 The effects of the porogen content on the properties of the scaffolds 1188:1256 The effects of the porogen content on the properties of the scaffolds were studied. 26831146 5 84 theme interconnected 820:833 arg1 architectures 850:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 well interconnected spherical pore architectures 815:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 12 85 theme composite 1511:1519 arg1 scaffolds 1521:1529 The porous composite scaffolds 1500:1529 The porous composite scaffolds 1500:1529 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 13 86 theme microspheres 1669:1680 arg1 content 1682:1688 the paraffin microspheres content 1656:1688 the paraffin microspheres content 1656:1688 At each frequency, modulus value is decreased with the paraffin microspheres content, but there was no significance difference in the peak stress of the three samples. 26831146 7 87 theme dispersion 1002:1011 arg1 method 1013:1018 a dispersion method 1000:1018 a dispersion method 1000:1018 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 7 88 used used 1024:1027 arg2 porogen 1036:1042 the porogen 1032:1042 the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds 1032:1078 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 7 88 used used 1024:1027 arg2 spheres 944:950 Paraffin spheres 935:950 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm 935:977 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 4 89 theme dynamic 669:675 arg1 property 688:695 its dynamic mechanical property 665:695 its dynamic mechanical property 665:695 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 1 90 theme defective 135:143 arg1 reparation 145:154 bone defective reparation 130:154 bone defective reparation 130:154 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 17 91 theme good 2298:2301 arg1 repeatability 2303:2315 good repeatability 2298:2315 good repeatability 2298:2315 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with good repeatability. 26831146 9 92 from effects 1192:1198 arg1 properties 1230:1239 the properties 1226:1239 the properties of the scaffolds 1226:1256 The effects of the porogen content on the properties of the scaffolds were studied. 26831146 0 93 theme spherical 79:87 arg1 macropores 89:98 interconnected spherical macropores 64:98 interconnected spherical macropores 64:98 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 26831146 9 94 theme scaffolds 1248:1256 arg1 properties 1230:1239 the properties 1226:1239 the properties of the scaffolds 1226:1256 The effects of the porogen content on the properties of the scaffolds were studied. 26831146 11 95 theme 0.1 1476:1478 arg1 frequency 1465:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 loading frequency 1457:1473 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 7 96 theme 160-330 968:974 arg1 µm 976:977 160-330 µm 968:977 160-330 µm 968:977 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 1 97 theme bone 171:174 arg1 construction 183:194 engineered bone tissue construction 160:194 engineered bone tissue construction 160:194 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 26831146 10 98 with RESULTS 1272:1278 arg1 increase 1289:1296 the increase 1285:1296 the increase of porogen, the pore of the scaffolds 1285:1334 RESULTS With the increase of porogen, the pore of the scaffolds increased and became interconnected. 26831146 15 99 theme initial 1993:1999 arg1 similar 2029:2035 similar 2029:2035 similar 2029:2035 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 15 99 theme initial 1993:1999 arg1 cycle 2001:2005 the initial cycle 1989:2005 the initial cycle for three samples 1989:2023 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 15 100 from values 1942:1947 arg1 hysteresis 1879:1888 the peak hysteresis 1870:1888 the peak hysteresis of the three samples 1870:1909 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 12 101 theme 3-4 1596:1598 arg1 kPa 1600:1602 3-4 kPa 1596:1602 3-4 kPa 1596:1602 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with a maximum stress of 3-4 kPa. 26831146 17 102 theme porous 2226:2231 arg1 scaffolds 2243:2251 The porous composite scaffolds 2222:2251 The porous composite scaffolds 2222:2251 The porous composite scaffolds exhibited a viscosity-elastic behaviour with good repeatability. 26831146 11 103 theme scaffolds 1397:1405 arg1 loading 1380:1386 Cyclic loading 1373:1386 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds 1373:1405 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 0 104 theme mechanical 2:11 arg1 evaluation 13:22 A mechanical evaluation 0:22 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite 0:47 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 26831146 7 105 theme Paraffin 935:942 arg1 porogen 1036:1042 the porogen 1032:1042 the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds 1032:1078 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 7 105 theme Paraffin 935:942 arg1 spheres 944:950 Paraffin spheres 935:950 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm 935:977 Paraffin spheres in the range of 160-330 µm were fabricated with a dispersion method and used as the porogen in the fabrication of the scaffolds. 26831146 15 106 theme sixth 1961:1965 arg1 cycle 1979:1983 the sixth compression cycle 1957:1983 the sixth compression cycle 1957:1983 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 13 107 theme modulus 1624:1630 arg1 value 1632:1636 modulus value 1624:1636 modulus value 1624:1636 At each frequency, modulus value is decreased with the paraffin microspheres content, but there was no significance difference in the peak stress of the three samples. 26831146 5 108 theme composite 790:798 arg1 scaffolds 800:808 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds 742:808 micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures 742:862 METHODS Fabrication and characterization of micro-hydroxyapatite(m-HA)/chitosan(CS) polymer composite scaffolds with well interconnected spherical pore architectures were reports. 26831146 11 109 theme 10 1424:1425 arg1 % 1427:1427 % 1427:1427 % 1427:1427 Cyclic loading of three scaffolds were tested with 10 % strain under four levels of loading frequency, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz. 26831146 3 110 theme Material 456:463 arg1 type 465:468 Material type 456:468 Material type 456:468 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 0 111 theme composite 39:47 arg1 evaluation 13:22 A mechanical evaluation 0:22 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite 0:47 A mechanical evaluation of micro-HA/CS composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 26831146 14 112 theme clear 1806:1810 arg1 loops 1823:1827 clear hysteresis loops 1806:1827 clear hysteresis loops 1806:1827 All the samples tested displayed clear hysteresis loops. 26831146 15 113 theme hysteresis 1920:1929 arg1 values 1942:1947 the hysteresis difference values 1916:1947 the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle 1916:1983 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 8 114 theme Polymer 1081:1087 arg1 scaffolds 1089:1097 Polymer scaffolds 1081:1097 Polymer scaffolds 1081:1097 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method. 26831146 3 115 theme architectural 478:490 arg1 important 521:529 important 521:529 important 521:529 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 3 115 theme architectural 478:490 arg1 design 492:497 the architectural design 474:497 the architectural design of scaffolds 474:510 Material type and the architectural design of scaffolds are also important to facilitate cell and tissue growth. 26831146 4 116 theme study 585:589 arg1 aim 573:575 The aim 569:575 The aim of this study 569:589 The aim of this study was to prepare a kind of material with good pore connectivity and analyze its dynamic mechanical property. 26831146 15 117 theme samples 1903:1909 arg1 hysteresis 1879:1888 the peak hysteresis 1870:1888 the peak hysteresis of the three samples 1870:1909 There was no significance difference in the peak hysteresis of the three samples, and the hysteresis difference values between the sixth compression cycle and the initial cycle for three samples was similar, with no statistically significant differences. 26831146 13 118 theme peak 1739:1742 arg1 stress 1744:1749 the peak stress 1735:1749 the peak stress of the three samples 1735:1770 At each frequency, modulus value is decreased with the paraffin microspheres content, but there was no significance difference in the peak stress of the three samples. 26831146 2 119 theme scaffolds 365:373 arg1 property 349:356 the dynamic mechanical property 326:356 the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds 326:373 So, the dynamic mechanical property of the scaffolds play an important role in the bone tissue repair and it is valuable to research. 26831146 1 120 theme materials 252:260 arg1 surface 228:234 the surface 224:234 the surface of the scaffold materials 224:260 BACKGROUND In the process of bone defective reparation and engineered bone tissue construction, osteoblasts are adhered to the surface of the scaffold materials and impart the external mechanical load to the osteoblasts. 27874277 3 0 dep high-voltage 678:689 arg1 LNMO-CMC-based 692:705 LNMO-CMC-based 692:705 LNMO-CMC-based 692:705 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 3 1 with electrodes 810:819 arg1 PVdF 851:854 PVdF 851:854 PVdF 851:854 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 3 1 with electrodes 810:819 arg1 fluoride 841:848 polyvinylidene fluoride 826:848 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) 826:855 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 4 2 theme PVdF-based 980:989 arg1 electrodes 991:1000 the PVdF-based electrodes 976:1000 the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability 976:1282 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 3 from surface 1224:1230 arg1 thickness 1177:1185 the thickness 1173:1185 the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface 1173:1230 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 4 dep 400 cycles 1008:1017 arg1 mitigated 1158:1166 mitigated 1158:1166 are mitigated 1154:1166 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 4 dep 400 cycles 1008:1017 arg1 reduced 1235:1241 reduced 1235:1241 reduced 1235:1241 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 4 dep 400 cycles 1008:1017 arg1 promotes 1031:1038 promotes 1031:1038 promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF 1031:1092 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 3 5 theme polyvinylidene 826:839 arg1 PVdF 851:854 PVdF 851:854 PVdF 851:854 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 3 5 theme polyvinylidene 826:839 arg1 fluoride 841:848 polyvinylidene fluoride 826:848 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) 826:855 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 4 6 theme PVdF 902:905 arg1 binder 907:912 PVdF binder 902:912 PVdF binder 902:912 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 3 7 theme good 660:663 arg1 stability 665:673 The good stability 656:673 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling 656:739 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 2 8 from 400 cycles 327:336 arg1 LiPF6 412:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 4 9 from thickness 1177:1185 arg1 surface 1224:1230 the LNMO surface 1215:1230 the LNMO surface 1215:1230 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 10 theme electrode 1066:1074 arg1 surface 1076:1082 a more compact and stable electrode surface 1040:1082 a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF 1040:1092 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 11 from 100th 461:465 arg1 energy 447:452 the delivered specific energy 424:452 the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle 424:496 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 12 theme 259 Wh kg-1 581:591 arg1 value 572:576 the initial energy value 553:576 the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights) 553:653 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 4 13 theme stable 1059:1064 arg1 surface 1076:1082 a more compact and stable electrode surface 1040:1082 a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF 1040:1092 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 14 theme value 572:576 arg1 value 572:576 the initial energy value 553:576 the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights) 553:653 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 14 theme value 572:576 arg1 % 533:533 82, 78, 73, and 66 % 514:533 82, 78, 73, and 66 % 514:533 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 15 theme carbonate-1 m 398:410 arg1 LiPF6 412:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 0 16 theme Mn1.5 18:22 arg1 Cells 27:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells 0:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells 0:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes. 27874277 2 17 from 200th 468:472 arg1 energy 447:452 the delivered specific energy 424:452 the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle 424:496 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 18 theme energy 565:570 arg1 value 572:576 the initial energy value 553:576 the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights) 553:653 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 19 theme carbonate/dimethyl 379:396 arg1 LiPF6 412:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 0 20 theme Graphite//LiNi0.5 0:16 arg1 Cells 27:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells 0:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells 0:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes. 27874277 2 21 theme initial 557:563 arg1 value 572:576 the initial energy value 553:576 the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights) 553:653 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 22 theme full 288:291 arg1 cell 293:296 The full cell 284:296 The full cell 284:296 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 2 23 theme ethylene 370:377 arg1 LiPF6 412:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 4 24 from voltages 1145:1152 arg1 reactions 1117:1125 undesired interfacial reactions 1095:1125 undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages 1095:1152 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 25 theme delivered 428:436 arg1 energy 447:452 the delivered specific energy 424:452 the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle 424:496 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 0 26 theme O4 24:25 arg1 Cells 27:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells 0:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells 0:31 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes. 27874277 1 27 theme first 272:276 arg1 time 278:281 the first time 268:281 the first time 268:281 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 4 28 theme operating 1135:1143 arg1 voltages 1145:1152 high operating voltages 1130:1152 high operating voltages 1130:1152 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 29 theme LNMO 1219:1222 arg1 surface 1224:1230 the LNMO surface 1215:1230 the LNMO surface 1215:1230 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 1 30 theme Mn1.5 130:134 arg1 cells 146:150 graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells 112:150 graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells 112:150 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 4 31 theme undesired 1095:1103 arg1 reactions 1117:1125 undesired interfacial reactions 1095:1125 undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages 1095:1152 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 1 32 theme water-soluble 193:205 arg1 binder 244:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 4 33 theme % 953:953 arg1 retention 937:945 a capacity retention 926:945 a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability 926:1282 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 3 34 theme high-voltage 678:689 arg1 electrodes 707:716 high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes 678:716 high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes 678:716 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 2 35 from 300th 475:479 arg1 energy 447:452 the delivered specific energy 424:452 the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle 424:496 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 4 36 theme compact 1047:1053 arg1 surface 1076:1082 a more compact and stable electrode surface 1040:1082 a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF 1040:1092 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 1 37 theme sodium 207:212 arg1 binder 244:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 4 38 theme 1 C. 1022:1025 arg1 CMC 1027:1029 1 C. CMC 1022:1029 1 C. CMC 1022:1029 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 3 39 theme long-term 723:731 arg1 cycling 733:739 long-term cycling 723:739 long-term cycling 723:739 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 2 40 from 400th cycle 486:496 arg1 energy 447:452 the delivered specific energy 424:452 the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle 424:496 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 1 41 theme carboxymethyl 214:226 arg1 binder 244:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 0 42 theme Friendly 58:65 arg1 Electrodes 81:90 Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes 42:90 Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes 42:90 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes. 27874277 2 43 theme weights 646:652 arg1 sum 611:613 the sum 607:613 the sum of the two electrode-composite weights 607:652 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 1 44 theme O4 136:137 arg1 cells 146:150 graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells 112:150 graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells 112:150 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 0 45 theme Environmentally 42:56 arg1 Electrodes 81:90 Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes 42:90 Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes 42:90 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes. 27874277 3 46 theme electrodes 707:716 arg1 stability 665:673 The good stability 656:673 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling 656:739 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 4 47 from layer 1206:1210 arg1 surface 1224:1230 the LNMO surface 1215:1230 the LNMO surface 1215:1230 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 48 theme passivation 1194:1204 arg1 layer 1206:1210 the passivation layer 1190:1210 the passivation layer on the LNMO surface 1190:1230 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 49 theme electrode-composite 626:644 arg1 weights 646:652 the two electrode-composite weights 618:652 the two electrode-composite weights 618:652 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 3 50 theme LNMO-composite 795:808 arg1 electrodes 810:819 LNMO-composite electrodes 795:819 LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) 795:855 The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). 27874277 4 51 theme LNMO-CMC 858:865 arg1 electrodes 867:876 LNMO-CMC electrodes 858:876 LNMO-CMC electrodes 858:876 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 1 52 theme cells 146:150 arg1 performance 97:107 The performance 93:107 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, 93:250 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 1 52 theme cells 146:150 arg1 electrodes 158:167 both electrodes 153:167 both electrodes 153:167 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 4 53 theme high 1130:1133 arg1 voltages 1145:1152 high operating voltages 1130:1152 high operating voltages 1130:1152 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 1 54 theme LNMO 140:143 arg1 cells 146:150 graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells 112:150 graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells 112:150 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 1 55 theme cellulose 228:236 arg1 binder 244:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 4 56 theme capacity 928:935 arg1 retention 937:945 a capacity retention 926:945 a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability 926:1282 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 4 57 theme layer 1206:1210 arg1 thickness 1177:1185 the thickness 1173:1185 the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface 1173:1230 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 58 theme electrolyte 358:368 arg1 LiPF6 412:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 1 59 theme CMC 239:241 arg1 binder 244:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder 193:249 The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. 27874277 0 60 theme Made-in-Water 67:79 arg1 Electrodes 81:90 Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes 42:90 Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes 42:90 Graphite//LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes. 27874277 4 61 theme cycling 1266:1272 arg1 stability 1274:1282 its cycling stability 1262:1282 its cycling stability 1262:1282 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 62 theme specific 438:445 arg1 energy 447:452 the delivered specific energy 424:452 the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle 424:496 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 27874277 4 63 theme interfacial 1105:1115 arg1 reactions 1117:1125 undesired interfacial reactions 1095:1125 undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages 1095:1152 LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability. 27874277 2 64 theme conventional 345:356 arg1 LiPF6 412:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 341:416 The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6 , and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1 (referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). 26235314 0 0 theme Specific 89:96 arg1 Delivery 112:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery 84:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs 84:136 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 9 1 theme reduced 1494:1500 arg1 activity 1512:1519 the reduced enzymatic activity 1490:1519 the reduced enzymatic activity 1490:1519 Through this approach peptides are expected to increase their bioavailability and efficiency in vivo both by their specific release at the intestinal level and also by the reduced enzymatic activity. 26235314 3 2 theme cell-penetrating 505:520 arg1 peptide 522:528 cell-penetrating peptide 505:528 cell-penetrating peptide 505:528 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 8 3 theme promising 1236:1244 arg1 platform 1246:1253 a promising platform 1234:1253 a promising platform for simultaneously delivering two drugs from a single formulation 1234:1319 Overall, this is a promising platform for simultaneously delivering two drugs from a single formulation. 26235314 8 3 theme promising 1236:1244 arg1 this 1226:1229 this 1226:1229 this 1226:1229 Overall, this is a promising platform for simultaneously delivering two drugs from a single formulation. 26235314 3 4 theme peptide 522:528 arg1 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles 492:597 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 0 5 theme Oral 107:110 arg1 Delivery 112:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery 84:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs 84:136 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 9 6 from level 1472:1476 arg1 release 1446:1452 their specific release 1431:1452 their specific release at the intestinal level 1431:1476 Through this approach peptides are expected to increase their bioavailability and efficiency in vivo both by their specific release at the intestinal level and also by the reduced enzymatic activity. 26235314 4 7 theme nanoparticles 824:836 arg1 release 809:815 the release 805:815 the release of the nanoparticles 805:836 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 1 8 theme enzymatic 276:284 arg1 inhibitor 286:294 an enzymatic inhibitor 273:294 an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)) 273:326 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 0 9 theme Combined 98:105 arg1 Delivery 112:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery 84:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs 84:136 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 4 10 theme simulated 850:858 arg1 conditions 871:880 the simulated intestinal conditions 846:880 the simulated intestinal conditions 846:880 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 1 11 theme inhibitor 286:294 arg1 dual-delivery 216:228 oral dual-delivery 211:228 oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)) 211:326 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 10 12 theme diabetes 1656:1663 arg1 mellitus 1665:1672 type 2 diabetes mellitus 1649:1672 type 2 diabetes mellitus 1649:1672 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 1 13 theme microfluidics 356:368 arg1 technique 370:378 the microfluidics technique 352:378 the microfluidics technique 352:378 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 7 14 theme cell 1200:1203 arg1 monolayers 1205:1214 intestinal cell monolayers 1189:1214 intestinal cell monolayers 1189:1214 The presence of DPP4 inhibitor enhanced the peptide permeability across intestinal cell monolayers. 26235314 4 15 theme multifunctional 719:733 arg1 inherited 762:770 inherited 762:770 inherited 762:770 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 4 15 theme multifunctional 719:733 arg1 pH-sensitive 748:759 pH-sensitive 748:759 pH-sensitive 748:759 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 4 15 theme multifunctional 719:733 arg1 systems 735:741 The developed multifunctional systems 705:741 The developed multifunctional systems 705:741 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 5 16 theme modifications 977:989 arg1 degradation 943:953 the degradation 939:953 the degradation of the nanoparticles' modifications 939:989 Moreover, the encapsulation into this polymer prevented the degradation of the nanoparticles' modifications. 26235314 10 17 contain has 1607:1609 arg2 potential 1620:1628 clinical potential 1611:1628 clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus 1611:1672 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 10 17 contain has 1607:1609 arg1 use 1526:1528 The use 1522:1528 The use 1522:1528 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 2 18 theme therapeutic 443:453 arg1 effect 455:460 a synergistic therapeutic effect 429:460 a synergistic therapeutic effect 429:460 Both drugs were coloaded into these systems for a synergistic therapeutic effect. 26235314 4 19 theme developed 709:717 arg1 inherited 762:770 inherited 762:770 inherited 762:770 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 4 19 theme developed 709:717 arg1 pH-sensitive 748:759 pH-sensitive 748:759 pH-sensitive 748:759 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 4 19 theme developed 709:717 arg1 systems 735:741 The developed multifunctional systems 705:741 The developed multifunctional systems 705:741 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 3 20 theme poly 539:542 arg1 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles 492:597 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 10 21 theme mellitus 1665:1672 arg1 therapy 1638:1644 the therapy 1634:1644 the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus 1634:1672 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 7 22 theme inhibitor 1138:1146 arg1 presence 1121:1128 The presence 1117:1128 The presence of DPP4 inhibitor 1117:1146 The presence of DPP4 inhibitor enhanced the peptide permeability across intestinal cell monolayers. 26235314 0 23 theme Microfluidic 0:11 arg1 Assembly 13:20 Microfluidic Assembly 0:20 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 0:69 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 7 24 theme intestinal 1189:1198 arg1 monolayers 1205:1214 intestinal cell monolayers 1189:1214 intestinal cell monolayers 1189:1214 The presence of DPP4 inhibitor enhanced the peptide permeability across intestinal cell monolayers. 26235314 7 25 theme peptide 1161:1167 arg1 permeability 1169:1180 the peptide permeability 1157:1180 the peptide permeability across intestinal cell monolayers 1157:1214 The presence of DPP4 inhibitor enhanced the peptide permeability across intestinal cell monolayers. 26235314 1 26 theme oral 211:214 arg1 dual-delivery 216:228 oral dual-delivery 211:228 oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)) 211:326 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 2 27 theme synergistic 431:441 arg1 effect 455:460 a synergistic therapeutic effect 429:460 a synergistic therapeutic effect 429:460 Both drugs were coloaded into these systems for a synergistic therapeutic effect. 26235314 1 28 theme dipeptidyl 297:306 arg1 peptidase 308:316 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 297:318 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) 297:325 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 1 28 theme dipeptidyl 297:306 arg1 DPP4 321:324 DPP4 321:324 DPP4 321:324 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 0 29 theme Drugs 132:136 arg1 Delivery 112:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery 84:119 Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs 84:136 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 3 30 theme porous 570:575 arg1 nanoparticles 585:597 chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles 492:597 nanoparticles 585:597 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 0 31 theme Peptide 124:130 arg1 Drugs 132:136 Peptide Drugs 124:136 Peptide Drugs 124:136 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 3 32 theme silicon 577:583 arg1 nanoparticles 585:597 chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles 492:597 nanoparticles 585:597 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 3 33 theme modified 530:537 arg1 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles 492:597 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 0 34 theme Tailorable 43:52 arg1 System 64:69 a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 25:69 a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 25:69 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 9 35 theme intestinal 1461:1470 arg1 level 1472:1476 the intestinal level 1457:1476 the intestinal level 1457:1476 Through this approach peptides are expected to increase their bioavailability and efficiency in vivo both by their specific release at the intestinal level and also by the reduced enzymatic activity. 26235314 10 36 theme antidiabetic 1587:1598 arg1 drugs 1600:1604 the two antidiabetic drugs 1579:1604 the two antidiabetic drugs 1579:1604 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 0 37 theme Multifunctional 27:41 arg1 System 64:69 a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 25:69 a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 25:69 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 3 38 theme acetylsuccinate 680:694 arg1 polymer 696:702 an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer 640:702 an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer 640:702 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 8 39 theme single 1302:1307 arg1 formulation 1309:1319 a single formulation 1300:1319 a single formulation 1300:1319 Overall, this is a promising platform for simultaneously delivering two drugs from a single formulation. 26235314 1 40 theme peptide 235:241 arg1 dual-delivery 216:228 oral dual-delivery 211:228 oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)) 211:326 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 0 41 theme System 64:69 arg1 Assembly 13:20 Microfluidic Assembly 0:20 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 0:69 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 6 42 theme higher 1030:1035 arg1 interactions 1037:1048 strong and higher interactions 1019:1048 strong and higher interactions 1019:1048 These nanoparticles showed strong and higher interactions with the intestinal cells in comparison with the nonmodified ones. 26235314 7 43 theme DPP4 1133:1136 arg1 inhibitor 1138:1146 DPP4 inhibitor 1133:1146 DPP4 inhibitor 1133:1146 The presence of DPP4 inhibitor enhanced the peptide permeability across intestinal cell monolayers. 26235314 6 44 theme intestinal 1059:1068 arg1 cells 1070:1074 the intestinal cells 1055:1074 the intestinal cells 1055:1074 These nanoparticles showed strong and higher interactions with the intestinal cells in comparison with the nonmodified ones. 26235314 10 45 theme clinical 1611:1618 arg1 potential 1620:1628 clinical potential 1611:1628 clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus 1611:1672 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 3 46 theme chitosan 492:499 arg1 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles 492:597 lactide-co-glycolide 544:563 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 0 47 theme Composite 54:62 arg1 System 64:69 a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 25:69 a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System 25:69 Microfluidic Assembly of a Multifunctional Tailorable Composite System Designed for Site Specific Combined Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs. 26235314 6 48 with comparison 1079:1088 arg1 ones 1111:1114 the nonmodified ones 1095:1114 the nonmodified ones 1095:1114 These nanoparticles showed strong and higher interactions with the intestinal cells in comparison with the nonmodified ones. 26235314 10 49 theme platform 1538:1545 arg1 use 1526:1528 The use 1522:1528 The use 1522:1528 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 6 50 theme strong 1019:1024 arg1 interactions 1037:1048 strong and higher interactions 1019:1048 strong and higher interactions 1019:1048 These nanoparticles showed strong and higher interactions with the intestinal cells in comparison with the nonmodified ones. 26235314 4 51 theme enteric 779:785 arg1 polymer 787:793 the enteric polymer 775:793 the enteric polymer 775:793 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 1 52 dep inhibitor 286:294 arg1 peptidase 308:316 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 297:318 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) 297:325 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 1 52 dep inhibitor 286:294 arg1 DPP4 321:324 DPP4 321:324 DPP4 321:324 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 3 53 theme enteric 643:649 arg1 polymer 696:702 an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer 640:702 an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer 640:702 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 10 54 theme drugs 1600:1604 arg1 combination 1564:1574 combination 1564:1574 combination of the two antidiabetic drugs 1564:1604 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 4 55 dep pH-sensitive 748:759 arg1 inherited 762:770 inherited 762:770 inherited 762:770 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 4 55 dep pH-sensitive 748:759 arg1 pH-sensitive 748:759 pH-sensitive 748:759 pH-sensitive 748:759 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 4 55 dep pH-sensitive 748:759 arg1 systems 735:741 The developed multifunctional systems 705:741 The developed multifunctional systems 705:741 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 3 56 theme hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 651:678 arg1 polymer 696:702 an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer 640:702 an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer 640:702 The systems were composed of chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and porous silicon nanoparticles as nanomatrices, further encapsulated in an enteric hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetylsuccinate polymer. 26235314 1 57 theme Multifunctional 139:153 arg1 systems 176:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems 139:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems 139:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 1 58 theme glucagon-like 244:256 arg1 peptide-1 258:266 glucagon-like peptide-1 244:266 glucagon-like peptide-1 244:266 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 1 58 theme glucagon-like 244:256 arg1 peptide 235:241 a peptide 233:241 a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) 233:267 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 10 59 theme type 1649:1652 arg1 mellitus 1665:1672 type 2 diabetes mellitus 1649:1672 type 2 diabetes mellitus 1649:1672 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 9 60 theme specific 1437:1444 arg1 release 1446:1452 their specific release 1431:1452 their specific release at the intestinal level 1431:1476 Through this approach peptides are expected to increase their bioavailability and efficiency in vivo both by their specific release at the intestinal level and also by the reduced enzymatic activity. 26235314 10 61 from use 1526:1528 arg1 combination 1564:1574 combination 1564:1574 combination of the two antidiabetic drugs 1564:1604 The use of this platform, specifically in combination of the two antidiabetic drugs, has clinical potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 26235314 1 62 theme tailorable 155:164 arg1 systems 176:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems 139:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems 139:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 9 63 theme enzymatic 1502:1510 arg1 activity 1512:1519 the reduced enzymatic activity 1490:1519 the reduced enzymatic activity 1490:1519 Through this approach peptides are expected to increase their bioavailability and efficiency in vivo both by their specific release at the intestinal level and also by the reduced enzymatic activity. 26235314 4 64 theme intestinal 860:869 arg1 conditions 871:880 the simulated intestinal conditions 846:880 the simulated intestinal conditions 846:880 The developed multifunctional systems were pH-sensitive, inherited by the enteric polymer, enabling the release of the nanoparticles only in the simulated intestinal conditions. 26235314 1 65 theme composite 166:174 arg1 systems 176:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems 139:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems 139:182 Multifunctional tailorable composite systems, specifically designed for oral dual-delivery of a peptide (glucagon-like peptide-1) and an enzymatic inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)), were assembled through the microfluidics technique. 26235314 6 66 theme nonmodified 1099:1109 arg1 ones 1111:1114 the nonmodified ones 1095:1114 the nonmodified ones 1095:1114 These nanoparticles showed strong and higher interactions with the intestinal cells in comparison with the nonmodified ones. 24921673 6 0 theme successful 1330:1339 arg1 modulation 1341:1350 the successful modulation 1326:1350 the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels 1326:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 6 1 theme release 1371:1377 arg1 modulation 1341:1350 the successful modulation 1326:1350 the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels 1326:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 7 2 theme albumin-containing 1549:1566 arg1 hydrogels 1568:1576 the albumin-containing hydrogels 1545:1576 the albumin-containing hydrogels 1545:1576 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 1 3 theme drug 256:259 arg1 release 261:267 drug release 256:267 drug release 256:267 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 4 4 theme logic 952:956 arg1 tools 958:962 neurofuzzy logic tools 941:962 neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin 941:1010 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 3 5 theme endogen 695:701 arg1 spermidine 713:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine 682:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 682:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 5 6 theme nuclear 1121:1127 arg1 NMR 1149:1151 NMR 1149:1151 NMR 1149:1151 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 5 6 theme nuclear 1121:1127 arg1 resonance 1138:1146 nuclear magnetic resonance 1121:1146 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1121:1152 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 1 7 theme physiological 161:173 arg1 fluids 175:180 the physiological fluids 157:180 the physiological fluids 157:180 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 4 8 with hydrogels 823:831 arg1 compositions 846:857 various compositions 838:857 various compositions 838:857 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 5 9 theme Developed 1056:1064 arg1 systems 1075:1081 Developed hydrogel systems 1056:1081 Developed hydrogel systems 1056:1081 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 3 10 theme polyamine 703:711 arg1 spermidine 713:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine 682:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 682:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 4 11 theme variables 908:916 arg1 effect 882:887 the effect 878:887 the effect of the preparation variables 878:916 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 4 12 theme Texture 788:794 arg1 properties 809:818 Texture and swelling properties 788:818 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions 788:857 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 6 13 from modulation 1341:1350 arg1 hydrogels 1407:1415 the albumin-containing hydrogels 1384:1415 the albumin-containing hydrogels 1384:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 4 14 theme preparation 896:906 arg1 variables 908:916 the preparation variables 892:916 the preparation variables 892:916 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 1 15 from substances 143:152 arg1 fluids 175:180 the physiological fluids 157:180 the physiological fluids 157:180 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 2 16 theme biomimetic-functional 286:306 arg1 hydrogels 308:316 such biomimetic-functional hydrogels 281:316 such biomimetic-functional hydrogels 281:316 To develop such biomimetic-functional hydrogels, it is critical that albumin conformation is not altered and that the protein remains retained inside the hydrogel keeping its conformational freedom, i.e., it should be not chemically cross-linked. 24921673 2 17 theme such 281:284 arg1 hydrogels 308:316 such biomimetic-functional hydrogels 281:316 such biomimetic-functional hydrogels 281:316 To develop such biomimetic-functional hydrogels, it is critical that albumin conformation is not altered and that the protein remains retained inside the hydrogel keeping its conformational freedom, i.e., it should be not chemically cross-linked. 24921673 6 18 theme NMR 1277:1279 arg1 techniques 1281:1290 NMR techniques 1277:1290 NMR techniques 1277:1290 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 3 19 theme mild 730:733 arg1 conditions 735:744 mild conditions 730:744 mild conditions 730:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 5 20 theme association 1264:1274 arg1 modes 1201:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 5 20 theme association 1264:1274 arg1 constants 1227:1235 the equilibrium constants 1211:1235 the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association 1211:1274 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 7 21 theme microbiological 1427:1441 arg1 tests 1443:1447 In vitro microbiological tests 1418:1447 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1418:1517 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 7 22 theme efficient 1581:1589 arg1 platforms 1591:1599 efficient platforms 1581:1599 efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form 1581:1645 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 7 22 theme efficient 1581:1589 arg1 interest 1533:1540 the interest 1529:1540 the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels 1529:1576 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 5 23 theme strong 1186:1191 arg1 modes 1201:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 3 24 theme albumin 766:772 arg1 denaturation 774:785 albumin denaturation 766:785 albumin denaturation 766:785 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 5 25 theme binding 1193:1199 arg1 modes 1201:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 1 26 theme intrinsic 99:107 arg1 ability 109:115 The intrinsic ability 95:115 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids 95:180 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 6 27 theme cloxacillin 1359:1369 arg1 release 1371:1377 the cloxacillin release 1355:1377 the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels 1355:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 2 28 theme conformational 445:458 arg1 freedom 460:466 its conformational freedom 441:466 its conformational freedom 441:466 To develop such biomimetic-functional hydrogels, it is critical that albumin conformation is not altered and that the protein remains retained inside the hydrogel keeping its conformational freedom, i.e., it should be not chemically cross-linked. 24921673 3 29 theme various 556:562 arg1 proportions 564:574 various proportions 556:574 various proportions of albumin 556:585 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 30 theme albumin 579:585 arg1 proportions 564:574 various proportions 556:574 various proportions of albumin 556:585 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 4 31 theme swelling 800:807 arg1 properties 809:818 Texture and swelling properties 788:818 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions 788:857 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 3 32 theme chondroitin 656:666 arg1 polysaccharides 624:638 anionic polysaccharides 616:638 anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 616:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 32 theme chondroitin 656:666 arg1 sulfate 668:674 chondroitin sulfate 656:674 chondroitin sulfate 656:674 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 33 dep polysaccharides 624:638 arg1 polysaccharides 624:638 anionic polysaccharides 616:638 anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 616:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 33 dep polysaccharides 624:638 arg1 gum 648:650 gellan gum 641:650 gellan gum 641:650 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 33 dep polysaccharides 624:638 arg1 sulfate 668:674 chondroitin sulfate 656:674 chondroitin sulfate 656:674 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 0 34 theme controlled 39:48 arg1 approach 69:76 a controlled release biomimetic approach 37:76 a controlled release biomimetic approach for cloxacillin 37:92 Spermidine cross-linked hydrogels as a controlled release biomimetic approach for cloxacillin. 24921673 5 35 theme albumin-cloxacillin 1244:1262 arg1 association 1264:1274 the albumin-cloxacillin association 1240:1274 the albumin-cloxacillin association 1240:1274 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 5 36 theme magnetic 1129:1136 arg1 NMR 1149:1151 NMR 1149:1151 NMR 1149:1151 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 5 36 theme magnetic 1129:1136 arg1 resonance 1138:1146 nuclear magnetic resonance 1121:1146 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1121:1152 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 5 37 theme hydrogel 1066:1073 arg1 systems 1075:1081 Developed hydrogel systems 1056:1081 Developed hydrogel systems 1056:1081 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 7 38 theme In 1418:1419 arg1 tests 1443:1447 In vitro microbiological tests 1418:1447 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1418:1517 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 7 39 theme hydrogels 1568:1576 arg1 platforms 1591:1599 efficient platforms 1581:1599 efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form 1581:1645 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 7 39 theme hydrogels 1568:1576 arg1 interest 1533:1540 the interest 1529:1540 the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels 1529:1576 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 4 40 theme antibiotic 1032:1041 arg1 cloxacillin 1043:1053 the antibiotic cloxacillin 1028:1053 the antibiotic cloxacillin 1028:1053 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 7 41 theme cloxacillin 1605:1615 arg1 release 1617:1623 cloxacillin release 1605:1623 cloxacillin release in its bioactive form 1605:1645 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 7 42 from release 1617:1623 arg1 form 1642:1645 its bioactive form 1628:1645 its bioactive form 1628:1645 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 4 43 theme various 838:844 arg1 compositions 846:857 various compositions 838:857 various compositions 838:857 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 5 44 theme equilibrium 1215:1225 arg1 constants 1227:1235 the equilibrium constants 1211:1235 the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association 1211:1274 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 0 45 theme biomimetic 58:67 arg1 approach 69:76 a controlled release biomimetic approach 37:76 a controlled release biomimetic approach for cloxacillin 37:92 Spermidine cross-linked hydrogels as a controlled release biomimetic approach for cloxacillin. 24921673 1 46 theme albumin 120:126 arg1 ability 109:115 The intrinsic ability 95:115 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids 95:180 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 0 47 theme release 50:56 arg1 approach 69:76 a controlled release biomimetic approach 37:76 a controlled release biomimetic approach for cloxacillin 37:92 Spermidine cross-linked hydrogels as a controlled release biomimetic approach for cloxacillin. 24921673 6 48 from hydrogels 1407:1415 arg1 modulation 1341:1350 the successful modulation 1326:1350 the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels 1326:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 6 48 from hydrogels 1407:1415 arg1 release 1371:1377 the cloxacillin release 1355:1377 the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels 1355:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 6 49 theme albumin-containing 1388:1405 arg1 hydrogels 1407:1415 the albumin-containing hydrogels 1384:1415 the albumin-containing hydrogels 1384:1415 NMR techniques were also employed to demonstrate the successful modulation of the cloxacillin release from the albumin-containing hydrogels. 24921673 3 50 theme physical 590:597 arg1 cross-linking 599:611 physical cross-linking 590:611 physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 590:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 4 51 theme hydrogels 823:831 arg1 properties 809:818 Texture and swelling properties 788:818 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions 788:857 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 4 52 theme neurofuzzy 941:950 arg1 tools 958:962 neurofuzzy logic tools 941:962 neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin 941:1010 Texture and swelling properties of hydrogels with various compositions were recorded, and the effect of the preparation variables was evaluated applying neurofuzzy logic tools for hydrogels prepared with and without albumin and associating the antibiotic cloxacillin. 24921673 3 53 theme cationic 686:693 arg1 spermidine 713:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine 682:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 682:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 7 54 dep In 1418:1419 arg1 vitro 1421:1425 vitro 1421:1425 vitro 1421:1425 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 2 55 theme albumin 339:345 arg1 conformation 347:358 albumin conformation 339:358 albumin conformation 339:358 To develop such biomimetic-functional hydrogels, it is critical that albumin conformation is not altered and that the protein remains retained inside the hydrogel keeping its conformational freedom, i.e., it should be not chemically cross-linked. 24921673 1 56 theme improved 224:231 arg1 capability 233:242 improved capability 224:242 improved capability to regulate drug release 224:267 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 7 57 theme bioactive 1632:1640 arg1 form 1642:1645 its bioactive form 1628:1645 its bioactive form 1628:1645 In vitro microbiological tests carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the interest of the albumin-containing hydrogels as efficient platforms for cloxacillin release in its bioactive form. 24921673 3 58 theme gellan 641:646 arg1 polysaccharides 624:638 anionic polysaccharides 616:638 anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 616:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 58 theme gellan 641:646 arg1 gum 648:650 gellan gum 641:650 gellan gum 641:650 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 1 59 theme active 136:141 arg1 substances 143:152 active substances 136:152 active substances in the physiological fluids 136:180 The intrinsic ability of albumin to bind active substances in the physiological fluids has been explored to endow hydrogels with improved capability to regulate drug release. 24921673 3 60 theme anionic 616:622 arg1 polysaccharides 624:638 anionic polysaccharides 616:638 anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 616:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 60 theme anionic 616:622 arg1 gum 648:650 gellan gum 641:650 gellan gum 641:650 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 60 theme anionic 616:622 arg1 sulfate 668:674 chondroitin sulfate 656:674 chondroitin sulfate 656:674 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 3 61 with polysaccharides 624:638 arg1 spermidine 713:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine 682:722 the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 682:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 5 62 theme weak-to-medium 1167:1180 arg1 modes 1201:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 weak-to-medium and strong binding modes 1167:1205 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 24921673 3 63 theme polysaccharides 624:638 arg1 cross-linking 599:611 physical cross-linking 590:611 physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions 590:744 Thus, the hydrogels were prepared with various proportions of albumin by physical cross-linking of anionic polysaccharides (gellan gum and chondroitin sulfate) with the cationic endogen polyamine spermidine under mild conditions in order to prevent albumin denaturation. 24921673 5 64 dep resonance 1138:1146 arg1 means 1112:1116 means 1112:1116 means 1112:1116 Developed hydrogel systems were extensively analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine weak-to-medium and strong binding modes and the equilibrium constants of the albumin-cloxacillin association. 28869289 2 0 from samples 328:334 arg1 properties 267:276 properties 267:276 properties 267:276 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 2 0 from samples 328:334 arg1 composition 251:261 composition 251:261 composition 251:261 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 4 1 theme 2.7 594:596 arg1 % 597:597 % 597:597 % 597:597 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 14 2 theme starch 2078:2083 arg1 characteristics 2085:2099 quinoa starch characteristics 2071:2099 quinoa starch characteristics 2071:2099 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 14 3 theme best 2133:2136 arg1 use 2138:2140 the best use 2129:2140 the best use of different cultivars 2129:2163 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 13 4 theme pure 1841:1844 arg1 varieties 1853:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 14 5 theme cultivars 2155:2163 arg1 texture 2116:2122 cooked quinoa texture 2102:2122 cooked quinoa texture 2102:2122 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 14 5 theme cultivars 2155:2163 arg1 characteristics 2085:2099 quinoa starch characteristics 2071:2099 quinoa starch characteristics 2071:2099 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 14 5 theme cultivars 2155:2163 arg1 use 2138:2140 the best use 2129:2140 the best use of different cultivars 2129:2163 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 11 6 theme starch 1585:1590 arg1 enthalpy 1592:1599 Higher starch enthalpy 1578:1599 Higher starch enthalpy 1578:1599 Higher starch enthalpy correlated with firmer, more adhesive, more cohesive, and chewier texture. 28869289 4 7 theme 4.7 635:637 arg1 % 638:638 % 638:638 % 638:638 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 9 8 with samples 1311:1317 arg1 content 1339:1345 higher amylose content 1324:1345 higher amylose content 1324:1345 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 2 9 theme starch 281:286 arg1 properties 267:276 properties 267:276 properties 267:276 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 2 9 theme starch 281:286 arg1 composition 251:261 composition 251:261 composition 251:261 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 1 10 theme end-use 180:186 arg1 quality 188:194 end-use quality 180:194 end-use quality 180:194 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 9 11 theme cohesive 1386:1393 arg1 texture 1423:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture 1371:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking 1371:1443 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 9 11 theme cohesive 1386:1393 arg1 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 10 12 theme amylose-lipid 1465:1477 arg1 complex 1479:1485 amylose-lipid complex 1465:1485 amylose-lipid complex 1465:1485 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 5 13 theme 862 789:791 arg1 starch 802:807 862 mg/100 g starch 789:807 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC 789:817 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 7 14 theme samples 1124:1130 arg1 levels 1097:1102 the levels 1093:1102 the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU) 1093:1148 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 4 15 theme total 609:613 arg1 amylose 615:621 total amylose 609:621 total amylose 609:621 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 4 16 theme complex 682:688 arg1 degree 658:663 the degree 654:663 the degree of amylose-lipid complex 654:688 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 0 17 theme Quinoa 103:108 arg1 Analysis 78:85 the Texture Profile Analysis 58:85 the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa 58:108 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 0 17 theme Quinoa 103:108 arg1 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 13 18 theme starch 1795:1800 arg1 characteristics 1802:1816 starch characteristics 1795:1816 starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples 1795:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 7 19 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 CU 1146:1147 0.20 to 1.16 CU 1133:1147 0.20 to 1.16 CU 1133:1147 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 19 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 samples 1124:1130 the other quinoa samples 1107:1130 the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU) 1107:1148 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 20 theme " 974:974 arg1 1ESP 956:959 1ESP 956:959 1ESP 956:959 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 20 theme " 974:974 arg1 Strain 986:991 " "Japanese Strain 974:991 " "Japanese Strain 974:991 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 5 21 theme Japanese 769:776 arg1 " 784:784 "Japanese Strain" 768:784 "Japanese Strain" 768:784 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 6 22 theme Strain 831:836 arg1 starch 839:844 "Japanese Strain" starch 821:844 "Japanese Strain" starch 821:844 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 8 23 theme gel 1165:1167 arg1 texture 1169:1175 gel texture 1165:1175 gel texture 1165:1175 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 12 24 theme quinoa 1741:1746 arg1 texture 1723:1729 the texture 1719:1729 the texture of cooked quinoa 1719:1746 In sum, starch plays a significant role in the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 5 25 from starch 758:763 arg1 " 784:784 "Japanese Strain" 768:784 "Japanese Strain" 768:784 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 4 26 theme amylose-lipid 668:680 arg1 complex 682:688 amylose-lipid complex 668:688 amylose-lipid complex 668:688 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 10 27 theme softer 1529:1534 arg1 texture 1569:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 14 28 theme food 2007:2010 arg1 manufacturers 2012:2024 food manufacturers 2007:2024 food manufacturers 2007:2024 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 7 29 theme Yellow 1004:1009 arg1 Commercial 1011:1020 " "Yellow Commercial 1001:1020 " "Yellow Commercial 1001:1020 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 29 theme Yellow 1004:1009 arg1 1ESP 956:959 1ESP 956:959 1ESP 956:959 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 11 30 theme chewier 1659:1665 arg1 texture 1667:1673 chewier texture 1659:1673 chewier texture 1659:1673 Higher starch enthalpy correlated with firmer, more adhesive, more cohesive, and chewier texture. 28869289 5 31 theme g 800:800 arg1 starch 802:807 862 mg/100 g starch 789:807 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC 789:817 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 5 32 from starch 802:807 arg1 49ALC 813:817 49ALC 813:817 "49ALC 812:817 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 4 33 dep % 705:705 arg1 to 707:708 to 707:708 to 707:708 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 13 34 dep APPLICATION 1759:1769 arg1 identified 1891:1900 identified 1891:1900 identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture 1891:1970 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 34 dep APPLICATION 1759:1769 arg1 determined 1784:1793 determined 1784:1793 determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples 1784:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 4 35 theme seeds 518:522 arg1 content 507:513 total starch content 494:513 total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 494:580 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 6 36 theme highest 865:871 arg1 solubility 879:888 the highest water solubility 861:888 the highest water solubility (4.5%) 861:895 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 6 36 theme highest 865:871 arg1 % 894:894 4.5% 891:894 4.5% 891:894 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 8 37 theme quinoa 1224:1229 arg1 starches 1231:1238 quinoa starches 1224:1238 quinoa starches 1224:1238 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 2 38 dep texture 369:375 arg1 relationship 349:360 relationship 349:360 relationship 349:360 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 9 39 theme correlation 1267:1277 arg1 analysis 1279:1286 correlation analysis 1267:1286 correlation analysis 1267:1286 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 4 40 theme total 494:498 arg1 content 507:513 total starch content 494:513 total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 494:580 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 2 41 theme cooked 380:385 arg1 quinoa 387:392 cooked quinoa 380:392 cooked quinoa 380:392 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 0 42 theme Quinoa 0:5 arg1 Characteristics 14:28 Quinoa Starch Characteristics 0:28 Quinoa Starch Characteristics 0:28 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 7 43 from activity 943:950 arg1 " 1022:1022 "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," 955:1022 "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," 955:1022 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 43 from activity 943:950 arg1 CU 1059:1060 0.03 to 0.09 CU 1046:1060 0.03 to 0.09 CU 1046:1060 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 43 from activity 943:950 arg1 " 1043:1043 "Red Commercial" 1028:1043 "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) 1028:1061 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 4 44 theme 3.4 702:704 arg1 % 705:705 % 705:705 % 705:705 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 5 45 theme g 756:756 arg1 starch 758:763 31 mg/100 g starch 746:763 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" 746:784 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 6 46 theme swelling 912:919 arg1 17 928:929 17 928:929 17 928:929 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 6 46 theme swelling 912:919 arg1 power 921:925 the lowest swelling power 901:925 the lowest swelling power (17) 901:930 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 3 47 theme starch 406:411 arg1 properties 413:422 Nearly all starch properties 395:422 Nearly all starch properties 395:422 Nearly all starch properties and characteristics differed among these samples. 28869289 4 48 theme apparent 557:564 arg1 content 574:580 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 536:580 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 536:580 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 10 49 theme cooked 1551:1556 arg1 texture 1569:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 5 50 theme Amylose 717:723 arg1 leaching 725:732 Amylose leaching 717:732 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 717:819 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 13 51 theme samples 1878:1884 arg1 varieties 1853:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 51 theme samples 1878:1884 arg1 samples 1878:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 51 theme samples 1878:1884 arg1 set 1834:1836 a diverse set 1824:1836 a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples 1824:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 0 52 theme Texture 62:68 arg1 Analysis 78:85 the Texture Profile Analysis 58:85 the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa 58:108 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 0 52 theme Texture 62:68 arg1 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 0 53 with Characteristics 14:28 arg1 Analysis 78:85 the Texture Profile Analysis 58:85 the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa 58:108 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 0 53 with Characteristics 14:28 arg1 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 9 54 theme higher 1324:1329 arg1 content 1339:1345 higher amylose content 1324:1345 higher amylose content 1324:1345 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 13 55 theme quinoa 1846:1851 arg1 varieties 1853:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 4 56 dep % 638:638 arg1 to 640:641 to 640:641 to 640:641 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 7 57 theme Red 1029:1031 arg1 CU 1059:1060 0.03 to 0.09 CU 1046:1060 0.03 to 0.09 CU 1046:1060 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 57 theme Red 1029:1031 arg1 " 1043:1043 "Red Commercial" 1028:1043 "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) 1028:1061 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 10 58 theme TPA 1565:1567 arg1 texture 1569:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 7 59 dep 0.09 1054:1057 arg1 to 1051:1052 to 1051:1052 to 1051:1052 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 4 60 theme 16.9 602:605 arg1 % 597:597 % 597:597 % 597:597 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 14 61 theme cooked 2102:2107 arg1 texture 2116:2122 cooked quinoa texture 2102:2122 cooked quinoa texture 2102:2122 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 13 62 theme diverse 1826:1832 arg1 varieties 1853:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 62 theme diverse 1826:1832 arg1 samples 1878:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 62 theme diverse 1826:1832 arg1 set 1834:1836 a diverse set 1824:1836 a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples 1824:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 12 63 theme significant 1699:1709 arg1 role 1711:1714 a significant role 1697:1714 a significant role 1697:1714 In sum, starch plays a significant role in the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 7 64 theme 1ESP 956:959 arg1 " 1022:1022 "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," 955:1022 "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," 955:1022 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 2 65 theme pure 296:299 arg1 quinoa 339:344 quinoa 339:344 quinoa 339:344 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 2 65 theme pure 296:299 arg1 varieties 301:309 11 pure varieties 293:309 11 pure varieties 293:309 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 10 66 theme complex 1479:1485 arg1 degree 1455:1460 A higher degree 1446:1460 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching 1446:1506 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 9 67 theme stickier 1371:1378 arg1 texture 1423:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture 1371:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking 1371:1443 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 9 67 theme stickier 1371:1378 arg1 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 14 68 theme quinoa 2071:2076 arg1 characteristics 2085:2099 quinoa starch characteristics 2071:2099 quinoa starch characteristics 2071:2099 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 5 69 theme Strain 778:783 arg1 " 784:784 "Japanese Strain" 768:784 "Japanese Strain" 768:784 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 14 70 theme different 2145:2153 arg1 cultivars 2155:2163 different cultivars 2145:2163 different cultivars 2145:2163 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 2 71 dep composition 251:261 arg1 the 247:249 the 247:249 the 247:249 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 10 72 theme higher 1448:1453 arg1 degree 1455:1460 A higher degree 1446:1460 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching 1446:1506 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 7 73 theme α-Amylase 933:941 arg1 activity 943:950 α-Amylase activity 933:950 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) 933:1061 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 2 74 theme commercial 317:326 arg1 samples 328:334 2 commercial samples 315:334 2 commercial samples 315:334 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 7 75 dep " 961:961 arg1 # 968:968 # 968:968 # 968:968 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 1 76 theme cereals 199:205 arg1 quality 188:194 end-use quality 180:194 end-use quality 180:194 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 1 76 theme cereals 199:205 arg1 functionality 162:174 functionality 162:174 functionality 162:174 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 9 77 theme gummy 1401:1405 arg1 texture 1423:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture 1371:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking 1371:1443 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 9 77 theme gummy 1401:1405 arg1 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 13 78 theme quinoa 1957:1962 arg1 texture 1964:1970 cooked quinoa texture 1950:1970 cooked quinoa texture 1950:1970 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 1 79 theme pseudo-cereals 211:224 arg1 quality 188:194 end-use quality 180:194 end-use quality 180:194 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 1 79 theme pseudo-cereals 211:224 arg1 functionality 162:174 functionality 162:174 functionality 162:174 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 6 80 theme " 837:837 arg1 starch 839:844 "Japanese Strain" starch 821:844 "Japanese Strain" starch 821:844 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 7 81 theme quinoa 1117:1122 arg1 CU 1146:1147 0.20 to 1.16 CU 1133:1147 0.20 to 1.16 CU 1133:1147 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 81 theme quinoa 1117:1122 arg1 samples 1124:1130 the other quinoa samples 1107:1130 the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU) 1107:1148 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 10 82 theme amylose 1491:1497 arg1 leaching 1499:1506 amylose leaching 1491:1506 amylose leaching 1491:1506 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 7 83 dep 1.16 1141:1144 arg1 to 1138:1139 to 1138:1139 to 1138:1139 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 6 84 theme Japanese 822:829 arg1 starch 839:844 "Japanese Strain" starch 821:844 "Japanese Strain" starch 821:844 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 9 85 theme chewy 1417:1421 arg1 texture 1423:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture 1371:1429 stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking 1371:1443 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 9 85 theme chewy 1417:1421 arg1 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 harder 1363:1368 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 8 86 theme thermal 1178:1184 arg1 properties 1186:1195 thermal properties 1178:1195 thermal properties 1178:1195 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 12 87 theme cooked 1734:1739 arg1 quinoa 1741:1746 cooked quinoa 1734:1746 cooked quinoa 1734:1746 In sum, starch plays a significant role in the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 1 88 theme Starch 111:116 arg1 characteristics 118:132 Starch characteristics 111:132 Starch characteristics 111:132 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 0 89 theme Profile 70:76 arg1 Analysis 78:85 the Texture Profile Analysis 58:85 the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa 58:108 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 0 89 theme Profile 70:76 arg1 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 4 90 dep % 597:597 arg1 to 599:600 to 599:600 to 599:600 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 5 91 theme mg/100 793:798 arg1 starch 802:807 862 mg/100 g starch 789:807 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC 789:817 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 8 92 theme pasting 1202:1208 arg1 properties 1210:1219 pasting properties 1202:1219 pasting properties 1202:1219 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 4 93 theme 17.3 643:646 arg1 % 638:638 % 638:638 % 638:638 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 13 94 theme cooked 1950:1955 arg1 texture 1964:1970 cooked quinoa texture 1950:1970 cooked quinoa texture 1950:1970 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 2 95 from varieties 301:309 arg1 properties 267:276 properties 267:276 properties 267:276 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 2 95 from varieties 301:309 arg1 composition 251:261 composition 251:261 composition 251:261 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 13 96 theme PRACTICAL 1749:1757 arg1 APPLICATION 1759:1769 PRACTICAL APPLICATION 1749:1769 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 1749:1971 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 6 97 theme water 873:877 arg1 solubility 879:888 the highest water solubility 861:888 the highest water solubility (4.5%) 861:895 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 6 97 theme water 873:877 arg1 % 894:894 4.5% 891:894 4.5% 891:894 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 8 98 theme starches 1231:1238 arg1 properties 1210:1219 pasting properties 1202:1219 pasting properties 1202:1219 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 8 98 theme starches 1231:1238 arg1 texture 1169:1175 gel texture 1165:1175 gel texture 1165:1175 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 8 98 theme starches 1231:1238 arg1 properties 1186:1195 thermal properties 1178:1195 thermal properties 1178:1195 Additionally, gel texture, thermal properties, and pasting properties of quinoa starches were investigated. 28869289 0 99 theme Cooked 96:101 arg1 Quinoa 103:108 Cooked Quinoa 96:108 Cooked Quinoa 96:108 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 4 100 theme starch 500:505 arg1 content 507:513 total starch content 494:513 total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 494:580 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 4 101 theme 43.3 710:713 arg1 % 705:705 % 705:705 % 705:705 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 2 102 theme quinoa 387:392 arg1 texture 369:375 the texture 365:375 the texture of cooked quinoa 365:392 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 0 103 theme Starch 7:12 arg1 Characteristics 14:28 Quinoa Starch Characteristics 0:28 Quinoa Starch Characteristics 0:28 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 4 104 dep g/100 549:553 arg1 to 541:542 to 541:542 to 541:542 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 4 105 theme g 555:555 arg1 content 574:580 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 536:580 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 536:580 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 1 106 dep functionality 162:174 arg1 the 158:160 the 158:160 the 158:160 Starch characteristics significantly influence the functionality and end-use quality of cereals and pseudo-cereals. 28869289 5 107 theme mg/100 749:754 arg1 starch 758:763 31 mg/100 g starch 746:763 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" 746:784 Amylose leaching ranged from 31 mg/100 g starch in "Japanese Strain" to 862 mg/100 g starch in "49ALC." 28869289 4 108 theme amylose 566:572 arg1 content 574:580 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 536:580 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content 536:580 Results showed that total starch content of seeds ranged from 53.2 to 75.1 g/100 g apparent amylose content ranged from 2.7% to 16.9%; total amylose ranged from 4.7% to 17.3%; and the degree of amylose-lipid complex ranged from 3.4% to 43.3%. 28869289 10 109 theme quinoa 1558:1563 arg1 texture 1569:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 13 110 theme starch 1928:1933 arg1 properties 1935:1944 starch properties 1928:1944 starch properties 1928:1944 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 9 111 theme quinoa 1304:1309 arg1 samples 1311:1317 the quinoa samples 1300:1317 the quinoa samples with higher amylose content 1300:1345 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 6 112 theme lowest 905:910 arg1 17 928:929 17 928:929 17 928:929 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 6 112 theme lowest 905:910 arg1 power 921:925 the lowest swelling power 901:925 the lowest swelling power (17) 901:930 "Japanese Strain" starch also exhibited the highest water solubility (4.5%) and the lowest swelling power (17). 28869289 10 113 theme chewy 1545:1549 arg1 texture 1569:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture 1529:1575 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 7 114 theme Commercial 1033:1042 arg1 CU 1059:1060 0.03 to 0.09 CU 1046:1060 0.03 to 0.09 CU 1046:1060 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 114 theme Commercial 1033:1042 arg1 " 1043:1043 "Red Commercial" 1028:1043 "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) 1028:1061 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 3 115 theme all 402:404 arg1 properties 413:422 Nearly all starch properties 395:422 Nearly all starch properties 395:422 Nearly all starch properties and characteristics differed among these samples. 28869289 2 116 theme quinoa 339:344 arg1 quinoa 339:344 quinoa 339:344 quinoa 339:344 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 2 116 theme quinoa 339:344 arg1 samples 328:334 2 commercial samples 315:334 2 commercial samples 315:334 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 2 116 theme quinoa 339:344 arg1 varieties 301:309 11 pure varieties 293:309 11 pure varieties 293:309 This study examined the composition and properties of starch from 11 pure varieties and 2 commercial samples of quinoa in relationship to the texture of cooked quinoa. 28869289 9 117 theme amylose 1331:1337 arg1 content 1339:1345 higher amylose content 1324:1345 higher amylose content 1324:1345 Lastly, correlation analysis showed that the quinoa samples with higher amylose content tended to yield harder, stickier, more cohesive, more gummy, and more chewy texture after cooking. 28869289 10 118 theme leaching 1499:1506 arg1 degree 1455:1460 A higher degree 1446:1460 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching 1446:1506 A higher degree of amylose-lipid complex and amylose leaching were associated with softer and less chewy cooked quinoa TPA texture. 28869289 14 119 theme quinoa 2109:2114 arg1 texture 2116:2122 cooked quinoa texture 2102:2122 cooked quinoa texture 2102:2122 The results can help breeders and food manufacturers to understand better the relationships among quinoa starch characteristics, cooked quinoa texture, and the best use of different cultivars. 28869289 11 120 theme Higher 1578:1583 arg1 enthalpy 1592:1599 Higher starch enthalpy 1578:1599 Higher starch enthalpy 1578:1599 Higher starch enthalpy correlated with firmer, more adhesive, more cohesive, and chewier texture. 28869289 13 121 theme varieties 1853:1861 arg1 varieties 1853:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 pure quinoa varieties 1841:1861 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 121 theme varieties 1853:1861 arg1 samples 1878:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 13 121 theme varieties 1853:1861 arg1 set 1834:1836 a diverse set 1824:1836 a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples 1824:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 28869289 0 122 with Correlations 40:51 arg1 Analysis 78:85 the Texture Profile Analysis 58:85 the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa 58:108 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 0 122 with Correlations 40:51 arg1 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 TPA 88:90 Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. 28869289 7 123 theme Japanese 977:984 arg1 1ESP 956:959 1ESP 956:959 1ESP 956:959 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 7 123 theme Japanese 977:984 arg1 Strain 986:991 " "Japanese Strain 974:991 " "Japanese Strain 974:991 α-Amylase activity in "1ESP," "Col.#6197," "Japanese Strain," "QQ63," "Yellow Commercial," and "Red Commercial" (0.03 to 0.09 CU) were significantly lower than the levels of the other quinoa samples (0.20 to 1.16 CU). 28869289 13 124 theme commercial 1867:1876 arg1 samples 1878:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 commercial samples 1867:1884 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The research determined starch characteristics among a diverse set of pure quinoa varieties and commercial samples, and identified the relationships between starch properties and cooked quinoa texture. 26773953 4 0 from cerevisiae 622:631 arg1 35°C 662:665 35°C 662:665 35°C 662:665 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 5 1 theme 77.0-87.0 770:778 arg1 % 765:765 % 765:765 % 765:765 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 2 2 theme no 359:360 arg1 fertilizer 362:371 no fertilizer 359:371 no fertilizer 359:371 Miscanthus grown with no fertilizer, with fertilizer and with swine manure were sampled for analysis. 26773953 0 3 theme giganteus 73:81 arg1 application 22:32 fertilizer application 11:32 fertilizer application 11:32 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 0 3 theme giganteus 73:81 arg1 processing 46:55 dry/wet processing 38:55 dry/wet processing 38:55 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 4 4 theme Dilute 522:527 arg1 acid 538:541 Dilute sulfuric acid 522:541 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 522:554 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 1 5 theme miscanthus 150:159 arg1 processing 136:145 wet and dry processing 124:145 wet and dry processing of miscanthus 124:159 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 5 6 theme samples 733:739 arg1 biomass 714:720 biomass 714:720 biomass of the wet samples 714:739 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 production 97:106 bioethanol production 86:106 bioethanol production 86:106 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 0 8 theme bioethanol 86:95 arg1 production 97:106 bioethanol production 86:106 bioethanol production 86:106 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 3 9 theme liquid 504:509 arg1 fractions 511:519 solid and liquid fractions 494:519 solid and liquid fractions 494:519 Wet-fractionation was used to separate miscanthus into solid and liquid fractions. 26773953 6 10 theme % 883:883 arg1 yield 870:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield 838:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% 838:883 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 5 11 theme 61.0-67.0 756:764 arg1 % 765:765 % 765:765 % 765:765 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 1 12 theme bioethanol 164:173 arg1 production 175:184 bioethanol production 164:184 bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process 164:251 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 7 13 theme crystallinity 1066:1078 arg1 reduction 1080:1088 crystallinity reduction 1066:1088 crystallinity reduction 1066:1088 Changes to the morphology and chemical composition of the biomass samples after pretreatment, such as crystallinity reduction, were observed using SEM and FTIR. 26773953 3 14 used used 461:464 arg2 Wet-fractionation 439:455 Wet-fractionation 439:455 Wet-fractionation 439:455 Wet-fractionation was used to separate miscanthus into solid and liquid fractions. 26773953 4 15 from 35°C 662:665 arg1 enzymes 651:657 enzymes 651:657 enzymes at 35°C 651:665 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 4 15 from 35°C 662:665 arg1 cerevisiae 622:631 saccharomyces cerevisiae 608:631 saccharomyces cerevisiae 608:631 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 4 15 from 35°C 662:665 arg1 cocktail 639:646 a cocktail 637:646 a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C 637:665 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 6 16 theme swine 950:954 arg1 manure 956:961 swine manure 950:961 swine manure 950:961 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 1 17 theme wet 277:279 arg1 samples 281:287 wet samples 277:287 wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples 277:334 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 6 18 theme pretreated 916:925 arg1 miscanthus 927:936 wet processed pretreated miscanthus 902:936 wet processed pretreated miscanthus 902:936 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 1 19 from effects 113:119 arg1 production 175:184 bioethanol production 164:184 bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process 164:251 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 0 20 theme application 22:32 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 0:107 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 5 21 theme biomass 714:720 arg1 compositions 698:709 cellulose compositions 688:709 cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples 688:739 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 1 22 theme simultaneous 192:203 arg1 saccharification 205:220 simultaneous saccharification 192:220 simultaneous saccharification 192:220 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 0 23 theme fertilizer 11:20 arg1 application 22:32 fertilizer application 11:32 fertilizer application 11:32 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 4 24 theme SSF 577:579 arg1 process 581:587 the SSF process 573:587 the SSF process 573:587 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 7 25 dep morphology 979:988 arg1 the 975:977 the 975:977 the 975:977 Changes to the morphology and chemical composition of the biomass samples after pretreatment, such as crystallinity reduction, were observed using SEM and FTIR. 26773953 6 26 theme wet 902:904 arg1 miscanthus 927:936 wet processed pretreated miscanthus 902:936 wet processed pretreated miscanthus 902:936 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 5 27 theme samples 829:835 arg1 compositions 809:820 the compositions 805:820 the compositions of dry samples 805:835 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 0 28 theme dry/wet 38:44 arg1 processing 46:55 dry/wet processing 38:55 dry/wet processing 38:55 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 1 29 theme higher 297:302 arg1 yields 312:317 higher ethanol yields 297:317 higher ethanol yields than dry samples 297:334 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 5 30 dep % 765:765 arg1 to 767:768 to 767:768 to 767:768 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 6 31 theme ethanol 862:868 arg1 yield 870:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield 838:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% 838:883 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 4 32 from cocktail 639:646 arg1 35°C 662:665 35°C 662:665 35°C 662:665 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 1 33 theme ethanol 304:310 arg1 yields 312:317 higher ethanol yields 297:317 higher ethanol yields than dry samples 297:334 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 5 34 theme wet 729:731 arg1 samples 733:739 the wet samples 725:739 the wet samples 725:739 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 6 35 theme theoretical 850:860 arg1 yield 870:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield 838:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% 838:883 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 2 36 theme swine 399:403 arg1 manure 405:410 swine manure 399:410 swine manure 399:410 Miscanthus grown with no fertilizer, with fertilizer and with swine manure were sampled for analysis. 26773953 4 37 theme acid 538:541 arg1 pretreatment 543:554 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 522:554 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 522:554 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 7 38 theme samples 1030:1036 arg1 morphology 979:988 morphology 979:988 morphology 979:988 Changes to the morphology and chemical composition of the biomass samples after pretreatment, such as crystallinity reduction, were observed using SEM and FTIR. 26773953 7 38 theme samples 1030:1036 arg1 composition 1003:1013 chemical composition 994:1013 chemical composition 994:1013 Changes to the morphology and chemical composition of the biomass samples after pretreatment, such as crystallinity reduction, were observed using SEM and FTIR. 26773953 6 39 theme highest 842:848 arg1 yield 870:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield 838:874 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% 838:883 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 3 40 theme solid 494:498 arg1 fractions 511:519 solid and liquid fractions 494:519 solid and liquid fractions 494:519 Wet-fractionation was used to separate miscanthus into solid and liquid fractions. 26773953 0 41 theme processing 46:55 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 0:107 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 5 42 theme cellulose 688:696 arg1 compositions 698:709 cellulose compositions 688:709 cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples 688:739 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 1 43 theme dry 324:326 arg1 samples 328:334 dry samples 324:334 dry samples 324:334 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 7 44 theme chemical 994:1001 arg1 composition 1003:1013 chemical composition 994:1013 chemical composition 994:1013 Changes to the morphology and chemical composition of the biomass samples after pretreatment, such as crystallinity reduction, were observed using SEM and FTIR. 26773953 1 45 theme wet 124:126 arg1 processing 136:145 wet and dry processing 124:145 wet and dry processing of miscanthus 124:159 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 8 46 theme ethanol 1148:1154 arg1 production 1156:1165 ethanol production 1148:1165 ethanol production 1148:1165 These changes improved ethanol production. 26773953 7 47 theme biomass 1022:1028 arg1 samples 1030:1036 the biomass samples 1018:1036 the biomass samples 1018:1036 Changes to the morphology and chemical composition of the biomass samples after pretreatment, such as crystallinity reduction, were observed using SEM and FTIR. 26773953 4 48 theme saccharomyces 608:620 arg1 cerevisiae 622:631 saccharomyces cerevisiae 608:631 saccharomyces cerevisiae 608:631 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 4 49 theme enzymes 651:657 arg1 cerevisiae 622:631 saccharomyces cerevisiae 608:631 saccharomyces cerevisiae 608:631 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 4 49 theme enzymes 651:657 arg1 cocktail 639:646 a cocktail 637:646 a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C 637:665 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26773953 5 50 theme dry 825:827 arg1 samples 829:835 dry samples 825:835 dry samples 825:835 After pretreatment, cellulose compositions of biomass of the wet samples increased from 61.0-67.0% to 77.0-87.0%, which were higher than the compositions of dry samples. 26773953 1 51 theme dry 132:134 arg1 processing 136:145 wet and dry processing 124:145 wet and dry processing of miscanthus 124:159 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 0 52 theme Miscanthus 60:69 arg1 application 22:32 fertilizer application 11:32 fertilizer application 11:32 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 0 52 theme Miscanthus 60:69 arg1 processing 46:55 dry/wet processing 38:55 dry/wet processing 38:55 Effects of fertilizer application and dry/wet processing of Miscanthus x giganteus on bioethanol production. 26773953 6 53 theme processed 906:914 arg1 miscanthus 927:936 wet processed pretreated miscanthus 902:936 wet processed pretreated miscanthus 902:936 The highest theoretical ethanol yield of 88.0% was realized for wet processed pretreated miscanthus, grown with swine manure. 26773953 1 54 dep saccharification 205:220 arg1 process 245:251 process 245:251 process 245:251 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 1 55 theme processing 136:145 arg1 effects 113:119 The effects 109:119 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process 109:251 The effects of wet and dry processing of miscanthus on bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were investigated, with wet samples showing higher ethanol yields than dry samples. 26773953 4 56 theme sulfuric 529:536 arg1 acid 538:541 Dilute sulfuric acid 522:541 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 522:554 Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was employed and the SSF process was performed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and a cocktail of enzymes at 35°C. 26042710 4 0 from well-dispersed 730:743 arg1 water 748:752 water 748:752 water 748:752 We initially use a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water. 26042710 5 1 theme codeposition 765:776 arg1 mixture 778:784 the codeposition mixture 761:784 the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver 761:828 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 3 2 theme conductive 626:635 arg1 substrates 637:646 conductive substrates 626:646 conductive substrates 626:646 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 0 3 theme composite 104:112 arg1 films 114:118 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 80:118 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 80:118 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 26042710 6 4 theme dried 1044:1048 arg1 films 1050:1054 their dried films 1038:1054 their dried films 1038:1054 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 1 5 theme controllable 207:218 arg1 means 220:224 a controllable means 205:224 a controllable means to simultaneously assemble biological materials and nanoparticles for various applications 205:315 Electrodeposition of chitosan provides a controllable means to simultaneously assemble biological materials and nanoparticles for various applications. 26042710 9 6 theme in 1635:1636 arg1 activity 1658:1665 in vitro antibacterial activity 1635:1665 in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1635:1716 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 4 7 theme aqueous 699:705 arg1 well-dispersed 730:743 well-dispersed 730:743 well-dispersed 730:743 We initially use a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water. 26042710 4 7 theme aqueous 699:705 arg1 nanosilver 707:716 the aqueous nanosilver 695:716 the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water 695:752 We initially use a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water. 26042710 5 8 from substrates 914:923 arg1 response 928:935 response 928:935 response to imposed electrical signals 928:965 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 9 9 theme skin 1810:1813 arg1 biomaterials 1815:1826 skin biomaterials 1810:1826 skin biomaterials 1810:1826 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 8 10 theme convenient 1509:1518 arg1 method 1520:1525 controllable and convenient method 1492:1525 controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes 1492:1578 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 6 11 theme bubbles 1112:1118 arg1 elimination 1094:1104 the elimination 1090:1104 the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process 1090:1167 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 9 12 theme neuroprosthetic 1832:1846 arg1 implants 1848:1855 neuroprosthetic implants 1832:1855 neuroprosthetic implants 1832:1855 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 6 13 theme H2 1109:1110 arg1 bubbles 1112:1118 H2 bubbles 1109:1118 H2 bubbles 1109:1118 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 0 14 theme antibacterial 142:154 arg1 activity 156:163 antibacterial activity 142:163 antibacterial activity 142:163 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 26042710 7 15 theme film 1399:1402 arg1 type 1367:1370 a type 1365:1370 a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications 1365:1427 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 2 16 theme new 337:339 arg1 method 341:346 a new method 335:346 a new method to construct biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity by electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver 335:496 Here, we present a new method to construct biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity by electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver. 26042710 6 17 theme deposited 1014:1022 arg1 hydrogels 1024:1032 the deposited hydrogels 1010:1032 the deposited hydrogels 1010:1032 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 6 17 theme deposited 1014:1022 arg1 smooth 1060:1065 smooth 1060:1065 smooth 1060:1065 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 5 18 theme conductive 903:912 arg1 substrates 914:923 conductive substrates 903:923 conductive substrates 903:923 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 6 19 from H2O2 1135:1138 arg1 process 1161:1167 electrodeposition process 1143:1167 electrodeposition process 1143:1167 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 5 20 contain containing 786:795 arg2 chitosan 797:804 chitosan 797:804 chitosan 797:804 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 5 20 contain containing 786:795 arg1 mixture 778:784 the codeposition mixture 761:784 the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver 761:828 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 5 20 contain containing 786:795 arg2 nanosilver 819:828 nanosilver 819:828 nanosilver 819:828 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 5 20 contain containing 786:795 arg2 gelatin 807:813 gelatin 807:813 gelatin 807:813 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 3 21 theme biopolymer/nanoparticle 545:567 arg1 hydrogels 579:587 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels 545:587 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels 545:587 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 7 22 theme 1-ethyl-3- 1296:1305 arg1 carbodiimide 1329:1340 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide 1296:1340 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) 1296:1346 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 7 22 theme 1-ethyl-3- 1296:1305 arg1 EDC 1343:1345 EDC 1343:1345 EDC 1343:1345 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 6 23 from addition 1123:1130 arg1 process 1161:1167 electrodeposition process 1143:1167 electrodeposition process 1143:1167 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 4 24 from water 748:752 arg1 well-dispersed 730:743 well-dispersed 730:743 well-dispersed 730:743 We initially use a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water. 26042710 4 24 from water 748:752 arg1 nanosilver 707:716 the aqueous nanosilver 695:716 the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water 695:752 We initially use a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water. 26042710 7 25 theme biopolymer/nanoparticle 1375:1397 arg1 film 1399:1402 biopolymer/nanoparticle film 1375:1402 biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications 1375:1427 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 9 26 theme composite 1585:1593 arg1 films 1595:1599 The composite films 1581:1599 The composite films 1581:1599 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 5 27 theme imposed 940:946 arg1 signals 959:965 imposed electrical signals 940:965 imposed electrical signals 940:965 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 2 28 theme composite 385:393 arg1 films 395:399 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 361:399 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 361:399 Here, we present a new method to construct biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity by electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver. 26042710 2 29 theme chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver 470:496 arg1 electrodeposition 449:465 electrodeposition 449:465 electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver 449:496 Here, we present a new method to construct biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity by electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver. 26042710 5 30 theme electrical 948:957 arg1 signals 959:965 imposed electrical signals 940:965 imposed electrical signals 940:965 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 2 31 theme biopolymer/nanoparticle 361:383 arg1 films 395:399 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 361:399 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 361:399 Here, we present a new method to construct biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity by electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver. 26042710 1 32 theme biological 253:262 arg1 materials 264:272 biological materials 253:272 biological materials 253:272 Electrodeposition of chitosan provides a controllable means to simultaneously assemble biological materials and nanoparticles for various applications. 26042710 0 33 theme chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver 21:47 arg1 Electrodeposition 0:16 Electrodeposition 0:16 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 0:164 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 26042710 9 34 dep in 1635:1636 arg1 vitro 1638:1642 vitro 1638:1642 vitro 1638:1642 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 8 35 theme electrodeposition 1447:1463 arg1 able 1478:1481 able 1478:1481 able 1478:1481 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 8 35 theme electrodeposition 1447:1463 arg1 technique 1465:1473 the electrodeposition technique 1443:1473 the electrodeposition technique 1443:1473 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 9 36 theme improved 1609:1616 arg1 conductivity 1618:1629 improved conductivity 1609:1629 improved conductivity 1609:1629 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 0 37 theme new 52:54 arg1 method 56:61 A new method 50:61 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 0:164 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 26042710 7 38 theme further 1408:1414 arg1 applications 1416:1427 further applications 1408:1427 further applications 1408:1427 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 3 39 theme composite 569:577 arg1 hydrogels 579:587 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels 545:587 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels 545:587 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 7 40 theme composite 1187:1195 arg1 strong 1207:1212 strong 1207:1212 strong 1207:1212 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 7 40 theme composite 1187:1195 arg1 films 1197:1201 the composite films 1183:1201 the composite films 1183:1201 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 9 41 theme biomedical 1764:1773 arg1 fields 1775:1780 biomedical fields 1764:1780 biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants 1764:1855 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 41 theme biomedical 1764:1773 arg1 muscles 1801:1807 artificial muscles 1790:1807 artificial muscles 1790:1807 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 41 theme biomedical 1764:1773 arg1 biomaterials 1815:1826 skin biomaterials 1810:1826 skin biomaterials 1810:1826 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 41 theme biomedical 1764:1773 arg1 implants 1848:1855 neuroprosthetic implants 1832:1855 neuroprosthetic implants 1832:1855 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 8 42 with films 1554:1558 arg1 shapes 1573:1578 diverse shapes 1565:1578 diverse shapes 1565:1578 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 8 43 theme composite 1544:1552 arg1 films 1554:1558 the composite films 1540:1558 the composite films with diverse shapes 1540:1578 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 3 44 from hydrogels 579:587 arg1 electrodes 612:621 various electrodes 604:621 various electrodes 604:621 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 3 44 from hydrogels 579:587 arg1 substrates 637:646 conductive substrates 626:646 conductive substrates 626:646 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 2 45 theme antibacterial 423:435 arg1 activity 437:444 antibacterial activity 423:444 antibacterial activity 423:444 Here, we present a new method to construct biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity by electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver. 26042710 4 46 theme simple 668:673 arg1 approach 675:682 a simple approach 666:682 a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water 666:752 We initially use a simple approach to prepare the aqueous nanosilver that can be well-dispersed in water. 26042710 5 47 from electrodes 889:898 arg1 response 928:935 response 928:935 response to imposed electrical signals 928:965 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 8 48 theme diverse 1565:1571 arg1 shapes 1573:1578 diverse shapes 1565:1578 diverse shapes 1565:1578 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 6 49 from process 1161:1167 arg1 addition 1123:1130 addition 1123:1130 addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process 1123:1167 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 8 50 theme controllable 1492:1503 arg1 method 1520:1525 controllable and convenient method 1492:1525 controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes 1492:1578 Furthermore, the electrodeposition technique is able to offer controllable and convenient method to construct the composite films with diverse shapes. 26042710 3 51 from coatings 592:599 arg1 electrodes 612:621 various electrodes 604:621 various electrodes 604:621 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 3 51 from coatings 592:599 arg1 substrates 637:646 conductive substrates 626:646 conductive substrates 626:646 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 9 52 theme antibacterial 1644:1656 arg1 activity 1658:1665 in vitro antibacterial activity 1635:1665 in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1635:1716 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 53 theme attractive 1737:1746 arg1 applications 1748:1759 attractive applications 1737:1759 attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants 1737:1855 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 6 54 theme electrodeposition 1143:1159 arg1 process 1161:1167 electrodeposition process 1143:1167 electrodeposition process 1143:1167 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 9 55 theme artificial 1790:1799 arg1 muscles 1801:1807 artificial muscles 1790:1807 artificial muscles 1790:1807 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 3 56 theme various 604:610 arg1 electrodes 612:621 various electrodes 604:621 various electrodes 604:621 Besides, this method can be employed to build biopolymer/nanoparticle composite hydrogels or coatings on various electrodes or conductive substrates. 26042710 1 57 theme various 296:302 arg1 applications 304:315 various applications 296:315 various applications 296:315 Electrodeposition of chitosan provides a controllable means to simultaneously assemble biological materials and nanoparticles for various applications. 26042710 0 58 theme biopolymer/nanoparticle 80:102 arg1 films 114:118 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 80:118 biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films 80:118 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 26042710 1 59 theme chitosan 187:194 arg1 Electrodeposition 166:182 Electrodeposition 166:182 Electrodeposition of chitosan 166:194 Electrodeposition of chitosan provides a controllable means to simultaneously assemble biological materials and nanoparticles for various applications. 26042710 9 60 from applications 1748:1759 arg1 fields 1775:1780 biomedical fields 1764:1780 biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants 1764:1855 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 60 from applications 1748:1759 arg1 muscles 1801:1807 artificial muscles 1790:1807 artificial muscles 1790:1807 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 60 from applications 1748:1759 arg1 biomaterials 1815:1826 skin biomaterials 1810:1826 skin biomaterials 1810:1826 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 9 60 from applications 1748:1759 arg1 implants 1848:1855 neuroprosthetic implants 1832:1855 neuroprosthetic implants 1832:1855 The composite films display improved conductivity and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which may provide attractive applications in biomedical fields such as artificial muscles, skin biomaterials and neuroprosthetic implants. 26042710 6 61 theme H2O2 1135:1138 arg1 addition 1123:1130 addition 1123:1130 addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process 1123:1167 After electrodeposition, it is found that the deposited hydrogels and their dried films are smooth and homogeneous due to the elimination of H2 bubbles by addition of H2O2 in electrodeposition process. 26042710 5 62 theme different 879:887 arg1 electrodes 889:898 different electrodes 879:898 different electrodes 879:898 Then, the codeposition mixture containing chitosan, gelatin and nanosilver is prepared, and it can be electrodeposited onto different electrodes or conductive substrates in response to imposed electrical signals. 26042710 7 63 theme 3-dimethylaminopropyl 1307:1327 arg1 carbodiimide 1329:1340 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide 1296:1340 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) 1296:1346 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 7 63 theme 3-dimethylaminopropyl 1307:1327 arg1 EDC 1343:1345 EDC 1343:1345 EDC 1343:1345 Importantly, the composite films are strong enough to completely and readily peel from the electrodes after they reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which can build a type of biopolymer/nanoparticle film for further applications. 26042710 0 64 dep Electrodeposition 0:16 arg1 method 56:61 A new method 50:61 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 0:164 Electrodeposition of chitosan/gelatin/nanosilver: A new method for constructing biopolymer/nanoparticle composite films with conductivity and antibacterial activity. 29306809 10 0 theme like 2062:2065 arg1 species 2067:2073 like species 2062:2073 like species 2062:2073 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 11 1 theme reduced 2303:2309 arg1 need 2311:2314 reduced need 2303:2314 reduced need 2303:2314 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 1 2 from locations 448:456 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 2 from locations 448:456 arg1 composition 286:296 the protein, lipid and glycogen composition 254:296 composition 286:296 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 2 from locations 448:456 arg1 trapezia 424:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 2 from locations 448:456 arg1 glomerata 341:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 2 from locations 448:456 arg1 angasi 359:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 2 from locations 448:456 arg1 galloprovincialis 394:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 3 3 theme Whole 683:687 arg1 tissues 696:702 Whole animal tissues 683:702 Whole animal tissues 683:702 Whole animal tissues were freeze dried, ground to >20μm and scanned by NIRS. 29306809 1 4 theme lipid 267:271 arg1 composition 286:296 the protein, lipid and glycogen composition 254:296 composition 286:296 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 11 5 theme species 2400:2406 arg1 models 2413:2418 robust single species NIRS models 2386:2418 obtain robust single species NIRS models 2379:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 11 6 theme bivalve 2229:2235 arg1 composition 2237:2247 bivalve composition 2229:2247 bivalve composition 2229:2247 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 8 7 theme bivalve 1579:1585 arg1 model 1587:1591 the five bivalve model 1570:1591 the five bivalve model 1570:1591 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 1 8 theme glycogen 277:284 arg1 composition 286:296 the protein, lipid and glycogen composition 254:296 composition 286:296 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 4 9 theme chemical 831:838 arg1 analyses 840:847 traditional chemical analyses 819:847 traditional chemical analyses 819:847 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 7 10 theme 3.6 1357:1359 arg1 RPIQ 1349:1352 an RPIQ 1346:1352 an RPIQ of 3.6 1346:1359 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 10 theme 3.6 1357:1359 arg1 RMSEP 1365:1369 RMSEP 1365:1369 RMSEP of 8.7% respectively 1365:1390 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 11 contain had 1182:1184 arg2 values 1191:1196 RPIQ values 1186:1196 RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18% 1186:1246 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 11 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 results 1174:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 12 theme % 1377:1377 arg1 RPIQ 1349:1352 an RPIQ 1346:1352 an RPIQ of 3.6 1346:1359 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 12 theme % 1377:1377 arg1 RMSEP 1365:1369 RMSEP 1365:1369 RMSEP of 8.7% respectively 1365:1390 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 11 13 theme multi-species 2181:2193 arg1 models 2195:2200 aggregated multi-species models 2170:2200 aggregated multi-species models 2170:2200 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 4 14 theme components 923:932 arg1 NIRS-measurement 897:912 rapid NIRS-measurement 891:912 rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species 891:960 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 10 15 theme species 1920:1926 arg1 models 1928:1933 individual species models 1909:1933 individual species models 1909:1933 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 0 16 theme multi-species 130:142 arg1 calibration 144:154 single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets 108:174 calibration 144:154 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 1 17 theme Mytilus 386:392 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 17 theme Mytilus 386:392 arg1 galloprovincialis 394:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 8 18 theme 5.2 1608:1610 arg1 RPIQ 1600:1603 an RPIQ 1597:1603 an RPIQ of 5.2 1597:1610 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 18 theme 5.2 1608:1610 arg1 RMSEP 1616:1620 RMSEP 1616:1620 RMSEP of 6.8% respectively 1616:1641 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 1 19 used used 238:241 arg2 modelling 224:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 4 20 theme rapid 891:895 arg1 NIRS-measurement 897:912 rapid NIRS-measurement 891:912 rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species 891:960 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 10 21 theme quantitative 2129:2140 arg1 application 2142:2152 robust and reliable quantitative application 2109:2152 robust and reliable quantitative application 2109:2152 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 5 22 theme least 1055:1059 arg1 squares 1061:1067 partial least squares 1047:1067 partial least squares analysis 1047:1076 Calibration modelling was performed using wavelet selection, genetic algorithms and partial least squares analysis. 29306809 4 23 from NIRS-measurement 897:912 arg1 species 954:960 the five bivalve species 937:960 the five bivalve species 937:960 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 2 24 theme oyster 595:600 arg1 C. 639:640 C. 639:640 C. 639:640 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 2 24 theme oyster 595:600 arg1 species 602:608 the three oyster species 585:608 the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) 585:647 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 2 24 theme oyster 595:600 arg1 angasi 628:633 angasi 628:633 angasi 628:633 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 7 25 theme % 1311:1311 arg1 RPIQ 1279:1282 an RPIQ 1276:1282 an RPIQ of 2.6 1276:1289 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 25 theme % 1311:1311 arg1 RMSEP 1298:1302 an RMSEP 1295:1302 an RMSEP of 10.8% 1295:1311 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 11 26 theme application 2258:2268 arg1 range 2220:2224 a greater range 2210:2224 a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models 2210:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 8 27 theme single 1416:1421 arg1 models 1431:1436 single species models 1416:1436 single species models 1416:1436 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 9 28 contain had 1841:1843 arg2 RMSEP 1862:1866 RMSEP 1862:1866 RMSEP of 7.6% respectively 1862:1887 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 28 contain had 1841:1843 arg1 model 1835:1839 the five bivalve model 1818:1839 the five bivalve model 1818:1839 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 28 contain had 1841:1843 arg2 RPIQ 1848:1851 an RPIQ 1845:1851 an RPIQ of 4 1845:1856 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 1 29 theme Ostrea 352:357 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 29 theme Ostrea 352:357 arg1 angasi 359:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 30 theme infrared 182:189 arg1 NIRS 205:208 NIRS 205:208 NIRS 205:208 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 30 theme infrared 182:189 arg1 spectroscopy 191:202 Near infrared spectroscopy 177:202 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 2 31 theme aggregated 551:560 arg1 populations 569:579 aggregated sample populations 551:579 aggregated sample populations 551:579 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 11 32 theme different 2273:2281 arg1 species 2291:2297 different bivalve species 2273:2297 different bivalve species 2273:2297 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 9 33 theme % 1812:1812 arg1 RPIQ 1784:1787 an RPIQ 1781:1787 an RPIQ of 5.5 1781:1794 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 33 theme % 1812:1812 arg1 RMSEP 1800:1804 RMSEP 1800:1804 RMSEP of 7.1% 1800:1812 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 11 34 theme greater 2250:2256 arg1 application 2258:2268 greater application 2250:2268 greater application to different bivalve species 2250:2297 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 8 35 theme RPIQ 1447:1450 arg1 values 1452:1457 RPIQ values 1447:1457 RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 1447:1477 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 36 contain had 1530:1532 arg2 RPIQ 1537:1540 an RPIQ 1534:1540 an RPIQ of 3.6 1534:1547 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 36 contain had 1530:1532 arg2 RMSEP 1553:1557 RMSEP 1553:1557 RMSEP of 6.8 1553:1564 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 36 contain had 1530:1532 arg1 model 1524:1528 the oyster model 1513:1528 the oyster model 1513:1528 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 0 37 theme single-species 108:121 arg1 calibration 144:154 single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets 108:174 calibration 144:154 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 9 38 theme glycogen 1648:1655 arg1 composition 1657:1667 glycogen composition 1648:1667 glycogen composition 1648:1667 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 1 39 dep species 321:327 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 39 dep species 321:327 arg1 gigas 379:383 Crassostrea gigas 367:383 Crassostrea gigas 367:383 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 39 dep species 321:327 arg1 trapezia 424:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 39 dep species 321:327 arg1 glomerata 341:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 39 dep species 321:327 arg1 angasi 359:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 39 dep species 321:327 arg1 galloprovincialis 394:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 9 40 theme bivalve 1827:1833 arg1 model 1835:1839 the five bivalve model 1818:1839 the five bivalve model 1818:1839 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 10 41 theme quality 2089:2095 arg1 models 2097:2102 high quality models 2084:2102 high quality models 2084:2102 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 6 42 theme Model 1079:1083 arg1 quality 1085:1091 Model quality 1079:1091 Model quality 1079:1091 Model quality was assessed using RPIQ and RMESP. 29306809 11 43 theme models 2195:2200 arg1 benefit 2159:2165 The benefit 2155:2165 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models 2155:2200 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 0 44 theme spectroscopy 15:26 arg1 modelling 41:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling 5:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein 5:68 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 11 45 theme greater 2212:2218 arg1 range 2220:2224 a greater range 2210:2224 a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models 2210:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 9 46 theme single 1674:1679 arg1 species 1681:1687 the single species 1670:1687 the single species models 1670:1694 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 7 47 theme model 1168:1172 arg1 results 1174:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 1 48 theme bivalve 313:319 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 48 theme bivalve 313:319 arg1 glomerata 341:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 48 theme bivalve 313:319 arg1 angasi 359:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 48 theme bivalve 313:319 arg1 galloprovincialis 394:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 48 theme bivalve 313:319 arg1 trapezia 424:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 10 49 from species 2067:2073 arg1 data 2052:2055 aggregating data 2040:2055 aggregating data from like species 2040:2073 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 9 50 theme 4 1856:1856 arg1 RMSEP 1862:1866 RMSEP 1862:1866 RMSEP of 7.6% respectively 1862:1887 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 50 theme 4 1856:1856 arg1 RPIQ 1848:1851 an RPIQ 1845:1851 an RPIQ of 4 1845:1856 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 7 51 theme single 1153:1158 arg1 results 1174:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 11 52 theme bivalve 2283:2289 arg1 species 2291:2297 different bivalve species 2273:2297 different bivalve species 2273:2297 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 5 53 theme partial 1047:1053 arg1 squares 1061:1067 partial least squares 1047:1067 partial least squares analysis 1047:1076 Calibration modelling was performed using wavelet selection, genetic algorithms and partial least squares analysis. 29306809 11 54 theme composition 2237:2247 arg1 range 2220:2224 a greater range 2210:2224 a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models 2210:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 11 55 dep models 2413:2418 arg1 obtain 2379:2384 obtain 2379:2384 obtain 2379:2384 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 5 56 theme wavelet 1005:1011 arg1 selection 1013:1021 wavelet selection 1005:1021 wavelet selection 1005:1021 Calibration modelling was performed using wavelet selection, genetic algorithms and partial least squares analysis. 29306809 11 57 theme single 2393:2398 arg1 species 2400:2406 single species 2393:2406 obtain robust single species NIRS models 2379:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 4 58 theme glycogen 779:786 arg1 composition 788:798 glycogen composition 779:798 glycogen composition 779:798 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 7 59 theme protein 1132:1138 arg1 composition 1140:1150 protein composition 1132:1150 protein composition 1132:1150 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 2 60 dep species 602:608 arg1 species 602:608 the three oyster species 585:608 the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) 585:647 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 2 60 dep species 602:608 arg1 C. 639:640 C. 639:640 C. 639:640 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 2 60 dep species 602:608 arg1 angasi 628:633 angasi 628:633 angasi 628:633 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 4 61 theme calibration 853:863 arg1 models 865:870 calibration models 853:870 calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species 853:960 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 3 62 theme animal 689:694 arg1 tissues 696:702 Whole animal tissues 683:702 Whole animal tissues 683:702 Whole animal tissues were freeze dried, ground to >20μm and scanned by NIRS. 29306809 10 63 theme aggregating 2040:2050 arg1 data 2052:2055 aggregating data 2040:2055 aggregating data from like species 2040:2073 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 11 64 theme NIRS 2408:2411 arg1 models 2413:2418 robust single species NIRS models 2386:2418 obtain robust single species NIRS models 2379:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 1 65 theme spectroscopy 191:202 arg1 modelling 224:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 0 66 theme bivalve 54:60 arg1 protein 62:68 bivalve protein 54:68 bivalve protein 54:68 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 4 67 theme traditional 819:829 arg1 analyses 840:847 traditional chemical analyses 819:847 traditional chemical analyses 819:847 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 1 68 from composition 286:296 arg1 seasons 462:468 seasons 462:468 seasons 462:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 68 from composition 286:296 arg1 locations 448:456 multiple locations 439:456 multiple locations 439:456 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 2 69 dep angasi 628:633 arg1 O. 625:626 O. 625:626 O. 625:626 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 1 70 theme quantitative 211:222 arg1 modelling 224:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 2 71 dep C. 639:640 arg1 gigas 642:646 C. gigas 639:646 C. gigas 639:646 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 10 72 theme robust 2109:2114 arg1 application 2142:2152 robust and reliable quantitative application 2109:2152 robust and reliable quantitative application 2109:2152 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 11 73 theme individual 2338:2347 arg1 species 2349:2355 individual species 2338:2355 individual species 2338:2355 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 9 74 theme oyster 1764:1769 arg1 model 1771:1775 the oyster model 1760:1775 the oyster model 1760:1775 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 75 contain had 1777:1779 arg2 RPIQ 1784:1787 an RPIQ 1781:1787 an RPIQ of 5.5 1781:1794 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 75 contain had 1777:1779 arg2 RMSEP 1800:1804 RMSEP 1800:1804 RMSEP of 7.1% 1800:1812 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 75 contain had 1777:1779 arg1 model 1771:1775 the oyster model 1760:1775 the oyster model 1760:1775 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 0 76 theme validation 160:169 arg1 sets 171:174 single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets 108:174 sets 171:174 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 7 77 contain had 1272:1274 arg2 RMSEP 1298:1302 an RMSEP 1295:1302 an RMSEP of 10.8% 1295:1311 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 77 contain had 1272:1274 arg2 RPIQ 1279:1282 an RPIQ 1276:1282 an RPIQ of 2.6 1276:1289 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 77 contain had 1272:1274 arg1 model 1266:1270 the three oyster model 1249:1270 the three oyster model 1249:1270 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 10 78 theme high 2084:2087 arg1 models 2097:2102 high quality models 2084:2102 high quality models 2084:2102 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 2 79 theme sample 562:567 arg1 populations 569:579 aggregated sample populations 551:579 aggregated sample populations 551:579 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 4 80 theme bivalve 946:952 arg1 species 954:960 the five bivalve species 937:960 the five bivalve species 937:960 Protein, lipid and glycogen composition were determined by traditional chemical analyses and calibration models developed to allow rapid NIRS-measurement of these components in the five bivalve species. 29306809 1 81 theme Anadara 416:422 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 81 theme Anadara 416:422 arg1 trapezia 424:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 8 82 theme lipid 1397:1401 arg1 composition 1403:1413 lipid composition 1397:1413 lipid composition 1397:1413 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 10 83 theme aggregated 1939:1948 arg1 models 1950:1955 aggregated models 1939:1955 aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component 1939:2024 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 5 84 theme squares 1061:1067 arg1 analysis 1069:1076 partial least squares analysis 1047:1076 partial least squares analysis 1047:1076 Calibration modelling was performed using wavelet selection, genetic algorithms and partial least squares analysis. 29306809 9 85 contain had 1696:1698 arg2 RPIQs 1700:1704 RPIQs 1700:1704 RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2% 1700:1757 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 85 contain had 1696:1698 arg1 models 1689:1694 the single species models 1670:1694 the single species models 1670:1694 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 11 86 theme aggregated 2170:2179 arg1 models 2195:2200 aggregated multi-species models 2170:2200 aggregated multi-species models 2170:2200 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 10 87 theme reliable 2120:2127 arg1 application 2142:2152 robust and reliable quantitative application 2109:2152 robust and reliable quantitative application 2109:2152 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 9 88 theme 5.5 1792:1794 arg1 RPIQ 1784:1787 an RPIQ 1781:1787 an RPIQ of 5.5 1781:1794 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 88 theme 5.5 1792:1794 arg1 RMSEP 1800:1804 RMSEP 1800:1804 RMSEP of 7.1% 1800:1812 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 1 89 theme multiple 439:446 arg1 locations 448:456 multiple locations 439:456 multiple locations 439:456 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 8 90 theme % 1628:1628 arg1 RPIQ 1600:1603 an RPIQ 1597:1603 an RPIQ of 5.2 1597:1610 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 90 theme % 1628:1628 arg1 RMSEP 1616:1620 RMSEP 1616:1620 RMSEP of 6.8% respectively 1616:1641 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 91 theme species 1423:1429 arg1 models 1431:1436 single species models 1416:1436 single species models 1416:1436 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 10 92 theme oyster 1967:1972 arg1 species 1974:1980 three oyster species 1961:1980 three oyster species 1961:1980 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 0 93 theme glycogen 81:88 arg1 composition 90:100 glycogen composition 81:100 glycogen composition 81:100 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 1 94 theme Near 177:180 arg1 NIRS 205:208 NIRS 205:208 NIRS 205:208 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 94 theme Near 177:180 arg1 spectroscopy 191:202 Near infrared spectroscopy 177:202 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling 177:232 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 5 95 theme Calibration 963:973 arg1 modelling 975:983 Calibration modelling 963:983 Calibration modelling 963:983 Calibration modelling was performed using wavelet selection, genetic algorithms and partial least squares analysis. 29306809 11 96 theme need 2311:2314 arg1 range 2220:2224 a greater range 2210:2224 a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models 2210:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 10 97 theme bivalve 1991:1997 arg1 species 1999:2005 five bivalve species 1986:2005 five bivalve species 1986:2005 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 10 98 theme individual 1909:1918 arg1 models 1928:1933 individual species models 1909:1933 individual species models 1909:1933 Comparison between individual species models and aggregated models for three oyster species and five bivalve species for each component indicate that aggregating data from like species produces high quality models with robust and reliable quantitative application. 29306809 1 99 theme Crassostrea 367:377 arg1 gigas 379:383 Crassostrea gigas 367:383 Crassostrea gigas 367:383 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 2 100 theme individual 528:537 arg1 species 539:545 individual species 528:545 individual species 528:545 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 0 101 theme infra-red 5:13 arg1 modelling 41:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling 5:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein 5:68 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 8 102 contain had 1593:1595 arg1 model 1587:1591 the five bivalve model 1570:1591 the five bivalve model 1570:1591 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 102 contain had 1593:1595 arg2 RPIQ 1600:1603 an RPIQ 1597:1603 an RPIQ of 5.2 1597:1610 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 102 contain had 1593:1595 arg2 RMSEP 1616:1620 RMSEP 1616:1620 RMSEP of 6.8% respectively 1616:1641 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 7 103 theme 2.6 1287:1289 arg1 RPIQ 1279:1282 an RPIQ 1276:1282 an RPIQ of 2.6 1276:1289 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 103 theme 2.6 1287:1289 arg1 RMSEP 1298:1302 an RMSEP 1295:1302 an RMSEP of 10.8% 1295:1311 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 2 104 theme bivalve 666:672 arg1 species 674:680 all five bivalve species 657:680 all five bivalve species 657:680 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 0 105 theme quantitative 28:39 arg1 modelling 41:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling 5:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein 5:68 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 7 106 contain had 1342:1344 arg2 RMSEP 1365:1369 RMSEP 1365:1369 RMSEP of 8.7% respectively 1365:1390 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 106 contain had 1342:1344 arg2 RPIQ 1349:1352 an RPIQ 1346:1352 an RPIQ of 3.6 1346:1359 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 106 contain had 1342:1344 arg1 species 1334:1340 the five bivalve species 1317:1340 the five bivalve species 1317:1340 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 107 theme bivalve 1326:1332 arg1 species 1334:1340 the five bivalve species 1317:1340 the five bivalve species 1317:1340 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 7 108 theme species 1160:1166 arg1 results 1174:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 single species model results 1153:1180 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 1 109 theme marine 306:311 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 109 theme marine 306:311 arg1 glomerata 341:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 109 theme marine 306:311 arg1 angasi 359:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 109 theme marine 306:311 arg1 galloprovincialis 394:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 109 theme marine 306:311 arg1 trapezia 424:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 5 110 theme genetic 1024:1030 arg1 algorithms 1032:1041 genetic algorithms 1024:1041 genetic algorithms 1024:1041 Calibration modelling was performed using wavelet selection, genetic algorithms and partial least squares analysis. 29306809 9 111 theme species 1681:1687 arg1 models 1689:1694 the single species models 1670:1694 the single species models 1670:1694 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 0 112 theme protein 62:68 arg1 modelling 41:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling 5:49 infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein 5:68 Near infra-red spectroscopy quantitative modelling of bivalve protein, lipid and glycogen composition using single-species versus multi-species calibration and validation sets. 29306809 1 113 theme species 321:327 arg1 composition 286:296 the protein, lipid and glycogen composition 254:296 composition 286:296 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 7 114 theme oyster 1259:1264 arg1 model 1266:1270 the three oyster model 1249:1270 the three oyster model 1249:1270 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 2 115 theme Predictive 471:480 arg1 models 482:487 Predictive models 471:487 Predictive models 471:487 Predictive models were produced for each component using individual species and aggregated sample populations for the three oyster species (S. glomerata, O. angasi and C. gigas) and for all five bivalve species. 29306809 8 116 theme 3.6 1545:1547 arg1 RMSEP 1553:1557 RMSEP 1553:1557 RMSEP of 6.8 1553:1564 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 116 theme 3.6 1545:1547 arg1 RPIQ 1537:1540 an RPIQ 1534:1540 an RPIQ of 3.6 1534:1547 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 1 117 theme Saccostrea 330:339 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 117 theme Saccostrea 330:339 arg1 glomerata 341:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 11 118 theme robust 2386:2391 arg1 models 2413:2418 robust single species NIRS models 2386:2418 obtain robust single species NIRS models 2379:2418 The benefit of aggregated multi-species models include a greater range of bivalve composition, greater application to different bivalve species and reduced need to extensively sample individual species, that is required for obtain robust single species NIRS models. 29306809 1 119 from seasons 462:468 arg1 species 321:327 five marine bivalve species 301:327 five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons 301:468 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 119 from seasons 462:468 arg1 composition 286:296 the protein, lipid and glycogen composition 254:296 composition 286:296 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 119 from seasons 462:468 arg1 trapezia 424:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Anadara trapezia 416:431 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 119 from seasons 462:468 arg1 glomerata 341:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Saccostrea glomerata 330:349 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 119 from seasons 462:468 arg1 angasi 359:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Ostrea angasi 352:364 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 1 119 from seasons 462:468 arg1 galloprovincialis 394:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Mytilus galloprovincialis 386:410 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 29306809 8 120 theme oyster 1517:1522 arg1 model 1524:1528 the oyster model 1513:1528 the oyster model 1513:1528 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 9 121 theme % 1874:1874 arg1 RMSEP 1862:1866 RMSEP 1862:1866 RMSEP of 7.6% respectively 1862:1887 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 9 121 theme % 1874:1874 arg1 RPIQ 1848:1851 an RPIQ 1845:1851 an RPIQ of 4 1845:1856 For glycogen composition, the single species models had RPIQs between 3.8 and 18.9 with RMSEP between 3.5 and 9.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 5.5 and RMSEP of 7.1% and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 4 and RMSEP of 7.6% respectively. 29306809 7 122 theme RPIQ 1186:1189 arg1 values 1191:1196 RPIQ values 1186:1196 RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18% 1186:1246 For protein composition, single species model results had RPIQ values between 2.4 and 3.5 and RMSEP between 8.6 and 18%, the three oyster model had an RPIQ of 2.6 and an RMSEP of 10.8% and the five bivalve species had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 8.7% respectively. 29306809 8 123 theme 6.8 1562:1564 arg1 RMSEP 1553:1557 RMSEP 1553:1557 RMSEP of 6.8 1553:1564 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 8 123 theme 6.8 1562:1564 arg1 RPIQ 1537:1540 an RPIQ 1534:1540 an RPIQ of 3.6 1534:1547 For lipid composition, single species models achieved RPIQ values between 2.9 and 5.3 with RMSEP between 9.1 and 11.2%, the oyster model had an RPIQ of 3.6 and RMSEP of 6.8 and the five bivalve model had an RPIQ of 5.2 and RMSEP of 6.8% respectively. 29306809 1 124 theme protein 258:264 arg1 composition 286:296 the protein, lipid and glycogen composition 254:296 composition 286:296 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantitative modelling was used to measure the protein, lipid and glycogen composition of five marine bivalve species (Saccostrea glomerata, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara trapezia) from multiple locations and seasons. 24281656 1 0 theme drugs 171:175 arg1 delivery 159:166 targeted delivery 150:166 targeted delivery of drugs 150:175 Advanced theranostic materials hold promise for targeted delivery of drugs, with the ability to follow the transport as well as its consequences. 24281656 0 1 theme gene 83:86 arg1 theranostics 88:99 anticancer gene theranostics 72:99 anticancer gene theranostics 72:99 Simultaneous RGB emitting Au nanoclusters in chitosan nanoparticles for anticancer gene theranostics. 24281656 4 2 theme stable 821:826 arg1 polyplex 828:835 a stable polyplex 819:835 a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells 819:905 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 3 3 theme therapeutic 487:497 arg1 stable 524:529 stable 524:529 stable 524:529 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 3 3 theme therapeutic 487:497 arg1 molecules 499:507 the therapeutic molecules 483:507 the therapeutic molecules 483:507 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 2 4 theme minimum 329:335 arg1 cytotoxicity 337:348 minimum cytotoxicity 329:348 minimum cytotoxicity 329:348 This should, ideally, be possible with minimum invasive surgery and having no or minimum cytotoxicity of the materials. 24281656 5 5 theme red 925:927 arg1 fluorescence 946:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence 908:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters 908:979 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 3 6 theme physiological 537:549 arg1 conditions 551:560 physiological conditions 537:560 physiological conditions 537:560 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 7 7 theme properties 1356:1365 arg1 retention 1343:1351 retention 1343:1351 retention of properties 1343:1365 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 5 8 from nanoclusters 968:979 arg1 fluorescence 946:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence 908:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters 908:979 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 5 9 dep imaging 1009:1015 arg1 probes 1036:1041 probes 1036:1041 probes 1036:1041 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 7 10 theme tunable 1235:1241 arg1 properties 1251:1260 The pH tunable optical properties 1228:1260 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium 1228:1274 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 7 10 theme tunable 1235:1241 arg1 intact 1286:1291 intact 1286:1291 intact 1286:1291 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 5 11 theme green 930:934 arg1 fluorescence 946:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence 908:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters 908:979 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 7 12 from films 1300:1304 arg1 properties 1251:1260 The pH tunable optical properties 1228:1260 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium 1228:1274 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 7 12 from films 1300:1304 arg1 intact 1286:1291 intact 1286:1291 intact 1286:1291 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 3 13 contain carry 477:481 arg2 molecules 499:507 the therapeutic molecules 483:507 the therapeutic molecules 483:507 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 3 13 contain carry 477:481 arg2 stable 524:529 stable 524:529 stable 524:529 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 3 13 contain carry 477:481 arg1 probe 458:462 easy probe 453:462 easy probe 453:462 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 6 14 theme properties 1216:1225 arg1 retention 1195:1203 the retention 1191:1203 the retention of optical properties 1191:1225 Moreover, the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite could be converted into solid film and be stored with the retention of optical properties. 24281656 6 15 theme colloidal 1097:1105 arg1 composite 1127:1135 the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite 1093:1135 the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite 1093:1135 Moreover, the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite could be converted into solid film and be stored with the retention of optical properties. 24281656 4 16 theme biopolymer 732:741 arg1 chitosan 743:750 the biopolymer chitosan 728:750 the biopolymer chitosan 728:750 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 5 17 theme additional 1066:1075 arg1 dyes 1077:1080 additional dyes 1066:1080 additional dyes 1066:1080 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 6 18 theme optical 1208:1214 arg1 properties 1216:1225 optical properties 1208:1225 optical properties 1208:1225 Moreover, the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite could be converted into solid film and be stored with the retention of optical properties. 24281656 4 19 theme fluorescent 696:706 arg1 nanoclusters 711:722 highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters 689:722 highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters 689:722 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 1 20 theme Advanced 102:109 arg1 materials 123:131 Advanced theranostic materials 102:131 Advanced theranostic materials 102:131 Advanced theranostic materials hold promise for targeted delivery of drugs, with the ability to follow the transport as well as its consequences. 24281656 3 21 theme physical 417:424 arg1 properties 426:435 physical properties 417:435 physical properties 417:435 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 0 22 theme Au 26:27 arg1 nanoclusters 29:40 Au nanoclusters 26:40 Au nanoclusters 26:40 Simultaneous RGB emitting Au nanoclusters in chitosan nanoparticles for anticancer gene theranostics. 24281656 2 23 theme minimum 287:293 arg1 surgery 304:310 minimum invasive surgery 287:310 minimum invasive surgery 287:310 This should, ideally, be possible with minimum invasive surgery and having no or minimum cytotoxicity of the materials. 24281656 3 24 theme easy 453:456 arg1 probe 458:462 easy probe 453:462 easy probe 453:462 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 2 25 theme invasive 295:302 arg1 surgery 304:310 minimum invasive surgery 287:310 minimum invasive surgery 287:310 This should, ideally, be possible with minimum invasive surgery and having no or minimum cytotoxicity of the materials. 24281656 4 26 theme apoptosis 872:880 arg1 induction 859:867 induction 859:867 induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells 859:905 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 4 27 theme Au 708:709 arg1 nanoclusters 711:722 highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters 689:722 highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters 689:722 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 6 28 theme nanocluster-polymer 1107:1125 arg1 composite 1127:1135 the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite 1093:1135 the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite 1093:1135 Moreover, the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite could be converted into solid film and be stored with the retention of optical properties. 24281656 3 29 theme newer 395:399 arg1 materials 401:409 newer materials 395:409 newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target 395:631 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 7 30 theme optical 1243:1249 arg1 properties 1251:1260 The pH tunable optical properties 1228:1260 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium 1228:1274 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 7 30 theme optical 1243:1249 arg1 intact 1286:1291 intact 1286:1291 intact 1286:1291 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 4 31 theme cancer 894:899 arg1 cells 901:905 cervical cancer cells 885:905 cervical cancer cells 885:905 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 2 32 theme materials 357:365 arg1 no 323:324 no 323:324 no 323:324 This should, ideally, be possible with minimum invasive surgery and having no or minimum cytotoxicity of the materials. 24281656 2 32 theme materials 357:365 arg1 cytotoxicity 337:348 minimum cytotoxicity 329:348 minimum cytotoxicity 329:348 This should, ideally, be possible with minimum invasive surgery and having no or minimum cytotoxicity of the materials. 24281656 3 33 theme materials 401:409 arg1 development 380:390 development 380:390 development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target 380:631 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 4 34 theme cervical 885:892 arg1 cells 901:905 cervical cancer cells 885:905 cervical cancer cells 885:905 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 3 35 theme same 574:577 arg1 time 579:582 the same time 570:582 the same time 570:582 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 7 36 from properties 1251:1260 arg1 medium 1269:1274 the medium 1265:1274 the medium 1265:1274 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 24281656 4 37 theme composite 665:673 arg1 development 648:658 the development 644:658 the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells 644:905 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 5 38 theme optical 1001:1007 arg1 imaging 1009:1015 convenient optical imaging 990:1015 convenient optical imaging 990:1015 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 5 39 theme convenient 990:999 arg1 imaging 1009:1015 convenient optical imaging 990:1015 convenient optical imaging 990:1015 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 4 40 theme suicide 842:848 arg1 gene 850:853 suicide gene 842:853 suicide gene 842:853 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 4 41 from induction 859:867 arg1 cells 901:905 cervical cancer cells 885:905 cervical cancer cells 885:905 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 3 42 dep allow 443:447 arg1 able 593:596 able 593:596 able 593:596 It requires development of newer materials whose physical properties would allow for easy probe, which could carry the therapeutic molecules, which will be stable under physiological conditions, and at the same time would be able to permeate barriers to the target. 24281656 1 43 theme theranostic 111:121 arg1 materials 123:131 Advanced theranostic materials 102:131 Advanced theranostic materials 102:131 Advanced theranostic materials hold promise for targeted delivery of drugs, with the ability to follow the transport as well as its consequences. 24281656 5 44 theme blue 941:944 arg1 fluorescence 946:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence 908:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters 908:979 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 1 45 theme targeted 150:157 arg1 delivery 159:166 targeted delivery 150:166 targeted delivery of drugs 150:175 Advanced theranostic materials hold promise for targeted delivery of drugs, with the ability to follow the transport as well as its consequences. 24281656 4 46 with polyplex 828:835 arg1 gene 850:853 suicide gene 842:853 suicide gene 842:853 We report the development of a composite consisting of highly fluorescent Au nanoclusters and the biopolymer chitosan, which could easily be converted into nanoparticles and would form a stable polyplex with suicide gene for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. 24281656 0 47 theme anticancer 72:81 arg1 theranostics 88:99 anticancer gene theranostics 72:99 anticancer gene theranostics 72:99 Simultaneous RGB emitting Au nanoclusters in chitosan nanoparticles for anticancer gene theranostics. 24281656 5 48 theme flow 1021:1024 arg1 cytometry 1026:1034 flow cytometry 1021:1034 flow cytometry 1021:1034 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 5 49 theme simultaneous 912:923 arg1 fluorescence 946:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence 908:957 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters 908:979 The simultaneous red, green, and blue fluorescence from the nanoclusters provided convenient optical imaging and flow cytometry probes, without having to use additional dyes. 24281656 2 50 with possible 273:280 arg1 surgery 304:310 minimum invasive surgery 287:310 minimum invasive surgery 287:310 This should, ideally, be possible with minimum invasive surgery and having no or minimum cytotoxicity of the materials. 24281656 6 51 theme solid 1161:1165 arg1 film 1167:1170 solid film 1161:1170 solid film 1161:1170 Moreover, the colloidal nanocluster-polymer composite could be converted into solid film and be stored with the retention of optical properties. 24281656 7 52 from intact 1286:1291 arg1 films 1300:1304 the films 1296:1304 the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties 1296:1365 The pH tunable optical properties in the medium were also intact in the films that quickly dissolved in water with retention of properties. 28603031 7 0 theme SF 1157:1158 arg1 degumming 1160:1168 SF degumming 1157:1168 SF degumming 1157:1168 The release of differently charged dextran derivatives, used as macromolecular model drugs, was significantly affected by SF degumming. 28603031 8 1 theme dextran 1190:1196 arg1 Release 1171:1177 Release 1171:1177 Release of neutral dextran 1171:1196 Release of neutral dextran increased with increasing degumming time. 28603031 7 2 theme charged 1062:1068 arg1 derivatives 1078:1088 differently charged dextran derivatives 1050:1088 differently charged dextran derivatives 1050:1088 The release of differently charged dextran derivatives, used as macromolecular model drugs, was significantly affected by SF degumming. 28603031 9 3 with density 1342:1348 arg1 time 1375:1378 increased degumming time 1355:1378 increased degumming time 1355:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 1 4 theme tremendous 131:140 arg1 potential 142:150 tremendous potential 131:150 tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering 131:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 9 5 theme degumming 1365:1373 arg1 time 1375:1378 increased degumming time 1355:1378 increased degumming time 1355:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 2 6 theme formation 430:438 arg1 inhibition 408:417 inhibition 408:417 inhibition of micelle formation 408:438 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 6 theme formation 430:438 arg1 hydrolysis 393:402 partial hydrolysis 385:402 partial hydrolysis 385:402 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 7 7 theme dextran 1070:1076 arg1 derivatives 1078:1088 differently charged dextran derivatives 1050:1088 differently charged dextran derivatives 1050:1088 The release of differently charged dextran derivatives, used as macromolecular model drugs, was significantly affected by SF degumming. 28603031 2 8 theme SF 289:290 arg1 purification 292:303 SF purification 289:303 SF purification 289:303 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 5 9 theme micelles 877:884 arg1 formation 861:869 formation 861:869 formation of SF micelles 861:884 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 3 10 from matrices 579:586 arg1 release 563:569 drug release 558:569 drug release from SF matrices 558:586 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 3 11 theme SF 576:577 arg1 matrices 579:586 SF matrices 576:586 SF matrices 576:586 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 1 12 with polymer 118:124 arg1 potential 142:150 tremendous potential 131:150 tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering 131:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 3 13 theme molecular 483:491 arg1 weight 493:498 molecular weight 483:498 molecular weight 483:498 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 4 14 from effect 593:598 arg1 release 628:634 drug release 623:634 drug release 623:634 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 3 15 dep weight 493:498 arg1 the 479:481 the 479:481 the 479:481 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 10 16 theme fast 1587:1590 arg1 release 1598:1604 fast burst release 1587:1604 fast burst release 1587:1604 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 9 17 theme charged 1264:1270 arg1 dextran 1272:1278 negatively charged dextran 1253:1278 negatively charged dextran 1253:1278 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 5 18 theme average 773:779 arg1 weight 794:799 average SF molecular weight 773:799 average SF molecular weight 773:799 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 1 19 theme delivery 173:180 arg1 systems 182:188 drug delivery systems 168:188 drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering 168:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 10 20 theme charged 1407:1413 arg1 dextran 1415:1421 positively charged dextran 1396:1421 positively charged dextran 1396:1421 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 6 21 theme hydrophilic 1008:1018 arg1 SF 1031:1032 SF 1031:1032 SF 1031:1032 However, β-sheet content was not affected by degumming time, suggesting that degradation occurred mainly in hydrophilic domains of SF. 28603031 6 21 theme hydrophilic 1008:1018 arg1 domains 1020:1026 hydrophilic domains 1008:1026 hydrophilic domains of SF 1008:1032 However, β-sheet content was not affected by degumming time, suggesting that degradation occurred mainly in hydrophilic domains of SF. 28603031 8 22 theme neutral 1182:1188 arg1 dextran 1190:1196 neutral dextran 1182:1196 neutral dextran 1182:1196 Release of neutral dextran increased with increasing degumming time. 28603031 10 23 theme phase 1538:1542 arg1 separation 1544:1553 phase separation 1538:1553 phase separation 1538:1553 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 11 24 theme SF 1721:1722 arg1 matrices 1724:1731 SF matrices 1721:1731 SF matrices 1721:1731 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 0 25 theme Silk 0:3 arg1 degumming 13:21 Silk fibroin degumming 0:21 Silk fibroin degumming 0:21 Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. 28603031 6 26 theme SF 1031:1032 arg1 SF 1031:1032 SF 1031:1032 SF 1031:1032 However, β-sheet content was not affected by degumming time, suggesting that degradation occurred mainly in hydrophilic domains of SF. 28603031 6 26 theme SF 1031:1032 arg1 domains 1020:1026 hydrophilic domains 1008:1026 hydrophilic domains of SF 1008:1032 However, β-sheet content was not affected by degumming time, suggesting that degradation occurred mainly in hydrophilic domains of SF. 28603031 0 27 theme fibroin 5:11 arg1 degumming 13:21 Silk fibroin degumming 0:21 Silk fibroin degumming 0:21 Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. 28603031 0 28 theme drugs 80:84 arg1 structure 40:48 scaffold structure 31:48 scaffold structure 31:48 Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. 28603031 0 28 theme drugs 80:84 arg1 release 54:60 release 54:60 release 54:60 Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. 28603031 1 29 theme Silk 87:90 arg1 fibroin 92:98 Silk fibroin 87:98 Silk fibroin (SF) 87:103 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 1 29 theme Silk 87:90 arg1 polymer 118:124 a natural polymer 108:124 a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering 108:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 1 29 theme Silk 87:90 arg1 SF 101:102 SF 101:102 SF 101:102 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 2 30 theme SF 328:329 arg1 integrity 331:339 SF integrity 328:339 SF integrity 328:339 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 31 theme partial 385:391 arg1 hydrolysis 393:402 partial hydrolysis 385:402 partial hydrolysis 385:402 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 4 32 theme SF 664:665 arg1 time 677:680 SF degumming time 664:680 SF degumming time 664:680 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 3 33 theme encapsulated 514:525 arg1 drugs 527:531 encapsulated drugs 514:531 encapsulated drugs 514:531 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 4 34 theme model 700:704 arg1 compound 706:713 the model compound 696:713 the model compound encapsulated in SF films 696:738 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 4 35 theme parameters 609:618 arg1 effect 593:598 The effect 589:598 The effect of these parameters on drug release 589:634 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 5 36 theme degumming 757:765 arg1 time 767:770 degumming time 757:770 degumming time 757:770 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 6 37 theme β-sheet 909:915 arg1 content 917:923 β-sheet content 909:923 β-sheet content 909:923 However, β-sheet content was not affected by degumming time, suggesting that degradation occurred mainly in hydrophilic domains of SF. 28603031 5 38 theme SF 874:875 arg1 micelles 877:884 SF micelles 874:884 SF micelles 874:884 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 1 39 theme drug 168:171 arg1 systems 182:188 drug delivery systems 168:188 drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering 168:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 7 40 theme model 1114:1118 arg1 drugs 1120:1124 macromolecular model drugs 1099:1124 macromolecular model drugs 1099:1124 The release of differently charged dextran derivatives, used as macromolecular model drugs, was significantly affected by SF degumming. 28603031 11 41 theme drug 1670:1673 arg1 charge 1675:1680 drug charge 1670:1680 SF preparation as well as drug charge 1644:1680 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 11 41 theme drug 1670:1673 arg1 both 1638:1641 both 1638:1641 both 1638:1641 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 2 42 dep step 277:280 arg1 affecting 318:326 affecting 318:326 affecting SF integrity 318:339 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 42 dep step 277:280 arg1 resulting 345:353 resulting 345:353 resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation 345:438 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 43 theme structural 358:367 arg1 inhibition 408:417 inhibition 408:417 inhibition of micelle formation 408:438 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 43 theme structural 358:367 arg1 hydrolysis 393:402 partial hydrolysis 385:402 partial hydrolysis 385:402 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 43 theme structural 358:367 arg1 changes 369:375 structural changes 358:375 structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation 358:438 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 44 theme micelle 422:428 arg1 formation 430:438 micelle formation 422:438 micelle formation 422:438 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 10 45 theme polyelectrolyte 1449:1463 arg1 complexes 1465:1473 polyelectrolyte complexes 1449:1473 polyelectrolyte complexes with SF 1449:1481 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 5 46 theme molecular 812:820 arg1 weight 822:827 molecular weight 812:827 molecular weight distribution 812:840 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 5 47 theme SF 781:782 arg1 weight 794:799 average SF molecular weight 773:799 average SF molecular weight 773:799 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 0 48 theme scaffold 31:38 arg1 structure 40:48 scaffold structure 31:48 scaffold structure 31:48 Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. 28603031 9 49 theme due 1317:1319 arg1 effect 1298:1303 an inverse effect 1287:1303 an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time 1287:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 7 50 theme macromolecular 1099:1112 arg1 drugs 1120:1124 macromolecular model drugs 1099:1124 macromolecular model drugs 1099:1124 The release of differently charged dextran derivatives, used as macromolecular model drugs, was significantly affected by SF degumming. 28603031 5 51 theme molecular 784:792 arg1 weight 794:799 average SF molecular weight 773:799 average SF molecular weight 773:799 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 7 52 theme derivatives 1078:1088 arg1 release 1039:1045 The release 1035:1045 The release 1035:1045 The release of differently charged dextran derivatives, used as macromolecular model drugs, was significantly affected by SF degumming. 28603031 10 53 theme film 1562:1565 arg1 drying 1567:1572 film drying 1562:1572 film drying resulting in fast burst release 1562:1604 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 10 54 theme titration 1497:1505 arg1 calorimetry 1507:1517 isothermal titration calorimetry 1486:1517 isothermal titration calorimetry 1486:1517 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 9 55 theme inverse 1290:1296 arg1 effect 1298:1303 an inverse effect 1287:1303 an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time 1287:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 3 56 theme drugs 527:531 arg1 charge 504:509 charge 504:509 charge 504:509 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 3 56 theme drugs 527:531 arg1 weight 493:498 molecular weight 483:498 molecular weight 483:498 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 10 57 theme burst 1592:1596 arg1 release 1598:1604 fast burst release 1587:1604 fast burst release 1587:1604 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 9 58 theme reduced 1324:1330 arg1 density 1342:1348 reduced SF charge density 1324:1348 reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time 1324:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 10 59 theme isothermal 1486:1495 arg1 calorimetry 1507:1517 isothermal titration calorimetry 1486:1517 isothermal titration calorimetry 1486:1517 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 11 60 theme drug 1703:1706 arg1 release 1708:1714 drug release 1703:1714 drug release from SF matrices 1703:1731 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 3 61 theme SF 456:457 arg1 composition 459:469 SF composition itself 456:476 SF composition itself 456:476 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 11 62 theme SF 1644:1645 arg1 both 1638:1641 both 1638:1641 both 1638:1641 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 11 62 theme SF 1644:1645 arg1 preparation 1647:1657 SF preparation 1644:1657 SF preparation as well as drug charge 1644:1680 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 9 63 theme SF 1332:1333 arg1 density 1342:1348 reduced SF charge density 1324:1348 reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time 1324:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 11 64 from matrices 1724:1731 arg1 release 1708:1714 drug release 1703:1714 drug release from SF matrices 1703:1731 These results demonstrate that both, SF preparation as well as drug charge significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 4 65 theme SF 731:732 arg1 films 734:738 SF films 731:738 SF films 731:738 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 2 66 theme sericin 230:236 arg1 step 277:280 a critical step 266:280 a critical step 266:280 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 66 theme sericin 230:236 arg1 degumming 252:260 degumming 252:260 degumming 252:260 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 66 theme sericin 230:236 arg1 removal 243:249 Silk sericin (SS) removal 225:249 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) 225:261 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 67 theme critical 268:275 arg1 step 277:280 a critical step 266:280 a critical step 266:280 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 67 theme critical 268:275 arg1 removal 243:249 Silk sericin (SS) removal 225:249 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) 225:261 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 9 68 theme charge 1335:1340 arg1 density 1342:1348 reduced SF charge density 1324:1348 reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time 1324:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 4 69 theme compound 706:713 arg1 charge 686:691 charge 686:691 charge 686:691 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 4 69 theme compound 706:713 arg1 time 677:680 SF degumming time 664:680 SF degumming time 664:680 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 2 70 theme Silk 225:228 arg1 SS 239:240 SS 239:240 SS 239:240 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 2 70 theme Silk 225:228 arg1 sericin 230:236 Silk sericin 225:236 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) 225:261 Silk sericin (SS) removal (degumming) is a critical step during SF purification, potentially affecting SF integrity and resulting in structural changes such as partial hydrolysis and inhibition of micelle formation. 28603031 1 71 theme natural 110:116 arg1 fibroin 92:98 Silk fibroin 87:98 Silk fibroin (SF) 87:103 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 1 71 theme natural 110:116 arg1 polymer 118:124 a natural polymer 108:124 a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering 108:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 28603031 4 72 theme degumming 667:675 arg1 time 677:680 SF degumming time 664:680 SF degumming time 664:680 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 0 73 theme macromolecular 65:78 arg1 drugs 80:84 macromolecular drugs 65:84 macromolecular drugs 65:84 Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. 28603031 8 74 theme degumming 1224:1232 arg1 time 1234:1237 degumming time 1224:1237 degumming time 1224:1237 Release of neutral dextran increased with increasing degumming time. 28603031 3 75 theme drug 558:561 arg1 release 563:569 drug release 558:569 drug release from SF matrices 558:586 In addition to SF composition itself, the molecular weight and charge of encapsulated drugs may significantly affect drug release from SF matrices. 28603031 5 76 theme weight 822:827 arg1 distribution 829:840 molecular weight distribution 812:840 molecular weight distribution 812:840 With increasing degumming time, average SF molecular weight decreased, molecular weight distribution became broader and formation of SF micelles was impaired. 28603031 10 77 with complexes 1465:1473 arg1 SF 1480:1481 SF 1480:1481 SF 1480:1481 Interestingly, positively charged dextran were shown to partly form polyelectrolyte complexes with SF by isothermal titration calorimetry but also exhibited phase separation during film drying resulting in fast burst release. 28603031 9 78 theme increased 1355:1363 arg1 time 1375:1378 increased degumming time 1355:1378 increased degumming time 1355:1378 In contrast, negatively charged dextran showed an inverse effect potentially due to reduced SF charge density with increased degumming time. 28603031 4 79 theme drug 623:626 arg1 release 628:634 drug release 623:634 drug release 623:634 The effect of these parameters on drug release was investigated by varying SF degumming time and charge of the model compound encapsulated in SF films. 28603031 1 80 theme tissue 205:210 arg1 engineering 212:222 tissue engineering 205:222 tissue engineering 205:222 Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with tremendous potential as a matrix for drug delivery systems as well as for tissue engineering. 27987842 5 0 theme nuclear 786:792 arg1 resonance 803:811 nuclear magnetic resonance 786:811 nuclear magnetic resonance 786:811 Tyramine-conjugated GGM was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 27987842 2 1 theme peroxide 390:397 arg1 addition 341:348 the addition 337:348 the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs 337:418 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 5 2 theme magnetic 794:801 arg1 resonance 803:811 nuclear magnetic resonance 786:811 nuclear magnetic resonance 786:811 Tyramine-conjugated GGM was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 27987842 7 3 theme wound 1151:1155 arg1 dressings 1157:1165 wound dressings 1151:1165 wound dressings 1151:1165 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 1 4 from spruce 177:182 arg1 GGMs 166:169 GGMs 166:169 GGMs 166:169 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 1 4 from spruce 177:182 arg1 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans 136:163 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans 136:163 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, 136:265 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 2 5 theme hydrogen 381:388 arg1 peroxide 390:397 hydrogen peroxide 381:397 hydrogen peroxide 381:397 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 6 6 theme maximum 946:952 arg1 stress 954:959 maximum stress 946:959 maximum stress 946:959 Measurements of moduli over time showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing. 27987842 7 7 theme cell 1136:1139 arg1 delivery 1141:1148 cell delivery 1136:1148 cell delivery 1136:1148 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 7 8 from resource 1101:1108 arg1 hydrogel 1065:1072 a cell friendly hydrogel 1049:1072 a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication 1049:1185 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 5 9 theme Tyramine-conjugated 745:763 arg1 GGM 765:767 Tyramine-conjugated GGM 745:767 Tyramine-conjugated GGM 745:767 Tyramine-conjugated GGM was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 27987842 2 10 theme enzymatic 311:319 arg1 crosslinking 321:332 enzymatic crosslinking 311:332 enzymatic crosslinking 311:332 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 3 11 theme GGM 528:530 arg1 oxidation 515:523 TEMPO oxidation 509:523 TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60% 509:570 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 3 12 theme TEMPO 509:513 arg1 oxidation 515:523 TEMPO oxidation 509:523 TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60% 509:570 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 7 13 dep renewable 1081:1089 arg1 low 1092:1094 low 1092:1094 low 1092:1094 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 5 14 dep fourier 814:820 arg1 transform 822:830 transform 822:830 transform infrared spectroscopy 822:852 Tyramine-conjugated GGM was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 27987842 3 15 from degree 537:542 arg1 % 570:570 10 to 60% 562:570 10 to 60% 562:570 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 3 16 theme final 473:477 arg1 properties 479:488 the hydrogels final properties 459:488 the hydrogels final properties 459:488 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 3 17 theme substitution 435:446 arg1 degree 425:430 The degree 421:430 The degree of substitution 421:446 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 6 18 theme moduli 894:899 arg1 Measurements 878:889 Measurements 878:889 Measurements of moduli over time 878:909 Measurements of moduli over time showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing. 27987842 3 19 theme oxidation 547:555 arg1 degree 537:542 a degree 535:542 a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60% 535:570 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 4 20 theme size 656:659 arg1 chromatography 671:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 1 21 theme tunable 97:103 arg1 properties 116:125 tunable mechanical properties 97:125 tunable mechanical properties 97:125 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 1 22 theme mechanical 105:114 arg1 properties 116:125 tunable mechanical properties 97:125 tunable mechanical properties 97:125 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 3 23 theme hydrogels 463:471 arg1 properties 479:488 the hydrogels final properties 459:488 the hydrogels final properties 459:488 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 0 24 theme hydrogels 21:29 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of tunable hydrogels 0:29 Synthesis of tunable hydrogels based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans from spruce. 27987842 0 25 theme tunable 13:19 arg1 hydrogels 21:29 tunable hydrogels 13:29 tunable hydrogels 13:29 Synthesis of tunable hydrogels based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans from spruce. 27987842 6 26 theme compression 999:1009 arg1 testing 1011:1017 compression testing 999:1017 compression testing 999:1017 Measurements of moduli over time showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing. 27987842 1 27 with Hydrogels 82:90 arg1 properties 116:125 tunable mechanical properties 97:125 tunable mechanical properties 97:125 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 4 28 theme molar 719:723 arg1 mass 725:728 molar mass 719:728 molar mass 719:728 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 4 29 theme pressure 647:654 arg1 chromatography 671:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 2 30 theme modified 406:413 arg1 GGMs 415:418 the modified GGMs 402:418 the modified GGMs 402:418 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 1 31 theme crosslinkable 236:248 arg1 groups 259:264 crosslinkable phenolic groups 236:264 crosslinkable phenolic groups 236:264 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 4 32 theme exclusion 661:669 arg1 chromatography 671:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 7 33 theme cost 1096:1099 arg1 resource 1101:1108 a renewable, low cost resource 1079:1108 a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication 1079:1185 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 7 34 theme friendly 1056:1063 arg1 hydrogel 1065:1072 a cell friendly hydrogel 1049:1072 a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication 1049:1185 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 1 35 theme phenolic 250:257 arg1 groups 259:264 crosslinkable phenolic groups 236:264 crosslinkable phenolic groups 236:264 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 7 36 theme renewable 1081:1089 arg1 resource 1101:1108 a renewable, low cost resource 1079:1108 a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication 1079:1185 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 0 37 from spruce 74:79 arg1 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans 40:67 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans 40:67 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans from spruce 40:79 Synthesis of tunable hydrogels based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans from spruce. 27987842 6 38 theme gels 977:980 arg1 crosslinking 918:929 crosslinking 918:929 crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels 918:980 Measurements of moduli over time showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing. 27987842 5 39 dep transform 822:830 arg1 infrared 832:839 infrared 832:839 transform infrared spectroscopy 822:852 Tyramine-conjugated GGM was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 27987842 2 40 theme peroxidase 366:375 arg1 addition 341:348 the addition 337:348 the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs 337:418 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 6 41 theme prepared 968:975 arg1 gels 977:980 the prepared gels 964:980 the prepared gels 964:980 Measurements of moduli over time showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing. 27987842 7 42 theme cell 1051:1054 arg1 hydrogel 1065:1072 a cell friendly hydrogel 1049:1072 a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication 1049:1185 Overall this system presents a cell friendly hydrogel from a renewable, low cost resource which could be applied in cell delivery, wound dressings, and biofabrication. 27987842 2 43 theme radish 359:364 arg1 peroxidase 366:375 horse radish peroxidase 353:375 horse radish peroxidase 353:375 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 1 44 contain containing 225:234 arg2 groups 259:264 crosslinkable phenolic groups 236:264 crosslinkable phenolic groups 236:264 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 1 44 contain containing 225:234 arg1 tyramine 204:211 tyramine 204:211 tyramine 204:211 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 1 44 contain containing 225:234 arg1 molecule 216:223 a molecule 214:223 a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups 214:264 Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties based on O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from spruce functionalized with tyramine, a molecule containing crosslinkable phenolic groups, were prepared. 27987842 2 45 theme horse 353:357 arg1 peroxidase 366:375 horse radish peroxidase 353:375 horse radish peroxidase 353:375 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 3 46 from % 570:570 arg1 oxidation 547:555 oxidation 547:555 oxidation from 10 to 60% 547:570 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 3 46 from % 570:570 arg1 degree 537:542 a degree 535:542 a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60% 535:570 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 27987842 4 47 theme high 642:645 arg1 chromatography 671:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 high pressure size exclusion chromatography 642:684 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 2 48 theme Gel 282:284 arg1 formation 286:294 Gel formation 282:294 Gel formation 282:294 Gel formation was induced by enzymatic crosslinking at the addition of horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to the modified GGMs. 27987842 4 49 theme sugar 697:701 arg1 composition 703:713 sugar composition 697:713 sugar composition 697:713 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 4 50 theme gas 619:621 arg1 chromatography 623:636 gas chromatography 619:636 gas chromatography 619:636 GGM and its derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography and high pressure size exclusion chromatography to analyze sugar composition and molar mass, respectively. 27987842 5 51 theme elemental 858:866 arg1 analysis 868:875 elemental analysis 858:875 elemental analysis 858:875 Tyramine-conjugated GGM was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 27987842 6 52 dep showed 911:916 arg1 compared 987:994 compared 987:994 showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing 911:1017 Measurements of moduli over time showed crosslinking within 20s and maximum stress of the prepared gels were compared by compression testing. 27987842 3 53 dep 60 568:569 arg1 to 565:566 to 565:566 to 565:566 The degree of substitution determined the hydrogels final properties, and was varied by TEMPO oxidation of GGM to a degree of oxidation from 10 to 60%. 28199952 2 0 theme resonance 356:364 arg1 advantage 313:321 advantage 313:321 advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide 313:452 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 4 1 theme color 883:887 arg1 change 889:894 the distinct color change 870:894 the distinct color change observed 870:903 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 2 2 theme plasmon 348:354 arg1 resonance 356:364 the localized surface plasmon resonance 326:364 the localized surface plasmon resonance 326:364 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 0 3 theme perishable 109:118 arg1 bioproducts 120:130 perishable bioproducts 109:130 perishable bioproducts 109:130 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 6 4 theme color-change 1166:1177 arg1 irreversible 1191:1202 irreversible 1191:1202 irreversible 1191:1202 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 6 4 theme color-change 1166:1177 arg1 reaction 1179:1186 the color-change reaction 1162:1186 the color-change reaction 1162:1186 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 5 5 theme alginate 917:924 arg1 use 910:912 The use 906:912 The use of alginate in the THIs 906:936 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 7 6 theme convenient 1224:1233 arg1 means 1268:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means 1222:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device 1222:1367 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 2 7 theme surface 340:346 arg1 resonance 356:364 the localized surface plasmon resonance 326:364 the localized surface plasmon resonance 326:364 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 4 8 theme larger 807:812 arg1 ones 814:817 larger ones 807:817 larger ones 807:817 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 2 9 theme history 282:288 arg1 indicator 290:298 a plasmonic thermal history indicator 262:298 a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) 262:304 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 2 9 theme history 282:288 arg1 THI 301:303 THI 301:303 THI 301:303 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 6 10 theme THI 1052:1054 arg1 system 1056:1061 This alginate-AuNPs THI system 1032:1061 This alginate-AuNPs THI system 1032:1061 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 0 11 theme bioproducts 120:130 arg1 safety 99:104 safety 99:104 safety 99:104 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 0 11 theme bioproducts 120:130 arg1 quality 87:93 quality 87:93 quality 87:93 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 2 12 theme thermal 274:280 arg1 indicator 290:298 a plasmonic thermal history indicator 262:298 a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) 262:304 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 2 12 theme thermal 274:280 arg1 THI 301:303 THI 301:303 THI 301:303 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 3 13 from time 596:599 arg1 40°C 634:637 40°C 634:637 40°C 634:637 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 3 13 from time 596:599 arg1 temperature 621:631 high temperature 616:631 high temperature (40°C) 616:638 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 6 14 theme alginate-AuNPs 1037:1050 arg1 system 1056:1061 This alginate-AuNPs THI system 1032:1061 This alginate-AuNPs THI system 1032:1061 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 2 15 theme natural 431:437 arg1 alginate 419:426 alginate 419:426 alginate 419:426 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 2 15 theme natural 431:437 arg1 polysaccharide 439:452 a natural polysaccharide 429:452 a natural polysaccharide 429:452 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 6 16 theme monitoring 1137:1146 arg1 scenarios 1148:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 7 17 theme thermal 1291:1297 arg1 history 1299:1305 the thermal history 1287:1305 the thermal history of perishable products 1287:1328 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 6 18 theme time-temperature 1120:1135 arg1 scenarios 1148:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 2 19 theme nanoparticles 374:386 arg1 advantage 313:321 advantage 313:321 advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide 313:452 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 0 20 theme plasmonic 40:48 arg1 indicator 66:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 6 21 theme different 1110:1118 arg1 scenarios 1148:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 7 22 theme read-out 1353:1360 arg1 device 1362:1367 a read-out device 1351:1367 a read-out device 1351:1367 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 3 23 dep red 587:589 arg1 to 584:585 to 584:585 to 584:585 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 0 24 theme composite 30:38 arg1 indicator 66:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 3 25 theme storage 513:519 arg1 temperature 521:531 increased storage temperature 503:531 increased storage temperature 503:531 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 3 26 theme high 616:619 arg1 40°C 634:637 40°C 634:637 40°C 634:637 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 3 26 theme high 616:619 arg1 temperature 621:631 high temperature 616:631 high temperature (40°C) 616:638 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 4 27 theme AuNPs 713:717 arg1 number 703:708 increasing number 692:708 increasing number of AuNPs 692:717 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 1 28 theme perishable 155:164 arg1 pharmaceutics 190:202 pharmaceutics 190:202 pharmaceutics 190:202 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 28 theme perishable 155:164 arg1 products 166:173 perishable products 155:173 perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals 155:219 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 28 theme perishable 155:164 arg1 foods 183:187 foods 183:187 foods 183:187 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 28 theme perishable 155:164 arg1 biologicals 209:219 biologicals 209:219 biologicals 209:219 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 0 29 theme history 58:64 arg1 indicator 66:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 7 30 theme inexpensive 1256:1266 arg1 means 1268:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means 1222:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device 1222:1367 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 7 31 theme reliable 1236:1243 arg1 means 1268:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means 1222:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device 1222:1367 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 5 32 theme solid 975:979 arg1 matrices 990:997 solid hydrogel matrices 975:997 solid hydrogel matrices 975:997 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 5 32 theme solid 975:979 arg1 fabricating 955:965 fabricating them 955:970 fabricating them 955:970 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 0 33 theme thermal 50:56 arg1 indicator 66:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 composite plasmonic thermal history indicator 30:74 Biopolymer/gold nanoparticles composite plasmonic thermal history indicator to monitor quality and safety of perishable bioproducts. 28199952 3 34 theme exposure 604:611 arg1 time 596:599 time 596:599 time of exposure at high temperature (40°C) 596:638 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 5 35 theme hydrogel 981:988 arg1 matrices 990:997 solid hydrogel matrices 975:997 solid hydrogel matrices 975:997 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 5 35 theme hydrogel 981:988 arg1 fabricating 955:965 fabricating them 955:970 fabricating them 955:970 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 3 36 from temperature 621:631 arg1 exposure 604:611 exposure 604:611 exposure at high temperature (40°C) 604:638 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 3 36 from temperature 621:631 arg1 time 596:599 time 596:599 time of exposure at high temperature (40°C) 596:638 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 4 37 theme AuNPs 796:800 arg1 aggregation 763:773 aggregation 763:773 aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones 763:817 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 3 38 theme THIs 472:475 arg1 color 459:463 The color 455:463 The color of the THIs 455:475 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 4 39 theme synthesized 784:794 arg1 AuNPs 796:800 newly synthesized AuNPs 778:800 newly synthesized AuNPs 778:800 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 7 40 theme perishable 1310:1319 arg1 products 1321:1328 perishable products 1310:1328 perishable products 1310:1328 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 2 41 theme localized 330:338 arg1 resonance 356:364 the localized surface plasmon resonance 326:364 the localized surface plasmon resonance 326:364 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 4 42 theme distinct 874:881 arg1 change 889:894 the distinct color change 870:894 the distinct color change observed 870:903 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 5 43 theme divalent 1009:1016 arg1 ions 1026:1029 divalent calcium ions 1009:1029 divalent calcium ions 1009:1029 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 2 44 theme plasmonic 264:272 arg1 indicator 290:298 a plasmonic thermal history indicator 262:298 a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) 262:304 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 2 44 theme plasmonic 264:272 arg1 THI 301:303 THI 301:303 THI 301:303 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 4 45 theme increasing 692:701 arg1 number 703:708 increasing number 692:708 increasing number of AuNPs 692:717 The results suggest that decreasing viscosity with increasing number of AuNPs being synthesized in the system, along with aggregation of newly synthesized AuNPs onto larger ones and their settling are potentially responsible for the distinct color change observed. 28199952 1 46 theme constant 226:233 arg1 safety 145:150 safety 145:150 safety 145:150 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 46 theme constant 226:233 arg1 Quality 133:139 Quality 133:139 Quality 133:139 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 46 theme constant 226:233 arg1 concern 235:241 a constant concern 224:241 a constant concern 224:241 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 5 47 theme calcium 1018:1024 arg1 ions 1026:1029 divalent calcium ions 1009:1029 divalent calcium ions 1009:1029 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 3 48 theme increased 503:511 arg1 temperature 521:531 increased storage temperature 503:531 increased storage temperature 503:531 The color of the THIs becomes more intense with increased storage temperature and/or duration, with the color changing from grey to red with time of exposure at high temperature (40°C). 28199952 7 49 theme safe 1246:1249 arg1 means 1268:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means 1222:1272 a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device 1222:1367 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 5 50 dep fabricating 955:965 arg1 them 967:970 them 967:970 them 967:970 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 7 51 theme products 1321:1328 arg1 history 1299:1305 the thermal history 1287:1305 the thermal history of perishable products 1287:1328 The THI provides a convenient, reliable, safe, and inexpensive means for tracking the thermal history of perishable products without the need for a read-out device. 28199952 2 52 theme gold 369:372 arg1 AuNPs 389:393 AuNPs 389:393 AuNPs 389:393 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 2 52 theme gold 369:372 arg1 nanoparticles 374:386 gold nanoparticles 369:386 gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide 369:452 We have developed a plasmonic thermal history indicator (THI) taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ in alginate, a natural polysaccharide. 28199952 5 53 from use 910:912 arg1 THIs 933:936 THIs 933:936 THIs 933:936 The use of alginate in the THIs also facilitates fabricating them as solid hydrogel matrices by adding divalent calcium ions. 28199952 6 54 theme suit 1105:1108 arg1 scenarios 1148:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios 1105:1156 This alginate-AuNPs THI system is tunable by altering its composition to suit different time-temperature monitoring scenarios and the color-change reaction is irreversible. 28199952 1 55 theme products 166:173 arg1 safety 145:150 safety 145:150 safety 145:150 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 55 theme products 166:173 arg1 Quality 133:139 Quality 133:139 Quality 133:139 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 28199952 1 55 theme products 166:173 arg1 concern 235:241 a constant concern 224:241 a constant concern 224:241 Quality and safety of perishable products such as foods, pharmaceutics, and biologicals is a constant concern. 25857992 2 0 with polyethylene 400:411 arg1 pellets 435:441 the master batch pellets 418:441 the master batch pellets 418:441 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 2 1 theme maleic 375:380 arg1 anhydride 382:390 maleic anhydride 375:390 maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder 375:490 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 6 2 theme industrial 1013:1022 arg1 production 1030:1039 industrial scale production 1013:1039 industrial scale production 1013:1039 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 6 3 theme CNC 934:936 arg1 stability 921:929 the thermal stability 909:929 the thermal stability of CNC 909:936 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 6 3 theme CNC 934:936 arg1 ability 897:903 the dispersion ability 882:903 the dispersion ability 882:903 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 5 4 from temperature 755:765 arg1 batch 788:792 the master batch 777:792 the master batch 777:792 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 2 5 from nanocomposite 466:478 arg1 extruder 483:490 extruder 483:490 extruder 483:490 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 2 6 theme batch 306:310 arg1 pellets 312:318 master batch pellets 299:318 master batch pellets 299:318 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 5 7 theme CNC 770:772 arg1 temperature 755:765 the thermal degradation temperature 731:765 the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch 731:792 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 2 8 theme master 299:304 arg1 pellets 312:318 master batch pellets 299:318 master batch pellets 299:318 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 4 9 theme tensile 639:645 arg1 tests 655:659 tensile and DMA tests 639:659 tensile and DMA tests 639:659 The improved mechanical properties shown in tensile and DMA tests reveal that the CNC combines well with the ABS. 25857992 6 10 theme thermal 913:919 arg1 stability 921:929 the thermal stability 909:929 the thermal stability of CNC 909:936 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 6 11 from thermoplastics 995:1008 arg1 production 1030:1039 industrial scale production 1013:1039 industrial scale production 1013:1039 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 1 12 theme master-batch 114:125 arg1 method 127:132 The master-batch method 110:132 The master-batch method 110:132 The master-batch method provides a simple way to apply cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcement in a hydrophobic matrix. 25857992 2 13 theme master 422:427 arg1 pellets 435:441 the master batch pellets 418:441 the master batch pellets 418:441 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 6 14 theme hydrophobic 983:993 arg1 thermoplastics 995:1008 other hydrophobic thermoplastics 977:1008 other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production 977:1039 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 3 15 theme polymer 579:585 arg1 matrix 587:592 the polymer matrix 575:592 the polymer matrix 575:592 SEM image indicates that self-assembled CNC nanosheets disperse evenly throughout the polymer matrix. 25857992 0 16 theme cellulose 10:18 arg1 nanocomposites 64:77 cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites 10:77 cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites using the master-batch method 10:107 Preparing cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites using the master-batch method. 25857992 6 17 theme other 977:981 arg1 thermoplastics 995:1008 other hydrophobic thermoplastics 977:1008 other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production 977:1039 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 5 18 theme ABS 837:839 arg1 coating 841:847 the ABS coating 833:847 the ABS coating 833:847 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 4 19 theme improved 599:606 arg1 properties 619:628 The improved mechanical properties 595:628 The improved mechanical properties shown in tensile and DMA tests 595:659 The improved mechanical properties shown in tensile and DMA tests reveal that the CNC combines well with the ABS. 25857992 1 20 theme hydrophobic 215:225 arg1 matrix 227:232 a hydrophobic matrix 213:232 a hydrophobic matrix 213:232 The master-batch method provides a simple way to apply cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcement in a hydrophobic matrix. 25857992 2 21 theme ABS/CNC 458:464 arg1 nanocomposite 466:478 the ABS/CNC nanocomposite 454:478 the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder 454:490 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 1 22 theme simple 145:150 arg1 way 152:154 a simple way 143:154 a simple way to apply cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcement in a hydrophobic matrix 143:232 The master-batch method provides a simple way to apply cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcement in a hydrophobic matrix. 25857992 3 23 theme SEM 493:495 arg1 image 497:501 SEM image 493:501 SEM image 493:501 SEM image indicates that self-assembled CNC nanosheets disperse evenly throughout the polymer matrix. 25857992 0 24 theme nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 20:62 arg1 nanocomposites 64:77 cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites 10:77 cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites using the master-batch method 10:107 Preparing cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites using the master-batch method. 25857992 5 25 theme thermal 735:741 arg1 temperature 755:765 the thermal degradation temperature 731:765 the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch 731:792 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 4 26 theme mechanical 608:617 arg1 properties 619:628 The improved mechanical properties 595:628 The improved mechanical properties shown in tensile and DMA tests 595:659 The improved mechanical properties shown in tensile and DMA tests reveal that the CNC combines well with the ABS. 25857992 5 27 theme degradation 743:753 arg1 temperature 755:765 the thermal degradation temperature 731:765 the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch 731:792 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 6 28 theme dispersion 886:895 arg1 ability 897:903 the dispersion ability 882:903 the dispersion ability 882:903 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 2 29 theme high-CNC 273:280 arg1 % 296:296 70 wt% 291:296 70 wt% 291:296 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 2 29 theme high-CNC 273:280 arg1 content 282:288 high-CNC content 273:288 high-CNC content (70 wt%) 273:297 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 5 30 theme coating 841:847 arg1 protection 819:828 the protection 815:828 the protection of the ABS coating 815:847 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 2 31 theme batch 429:433 arg1 pellets 435:441 the master batch pellets 418:441 the master batch pellets 418:441 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 5 32 theme TGA 709:711 arg1 results 713:719 TGA results 709:719 TGA results 709:719 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 3 33 theme self-assembled 518:531 arg1 nanosheets 537:546 self-assembled CNC nanosheets 518:546 self-assembled CNC nanosheets 518:546 SEM image indicates that self-assembled CNC nanosheets disperse evenly throughout the polymer matrix. 25857992 0 34 theme master-batch 89:100 arg1 method 102:107 the master-batch method 85:107 the master-batch method 85:107 Preparing cellulose nanocrystal/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites using the master-batch method. 25857992 2 35 theme two-stage 239:247 arg1 process 249:255 The two-stage process 235:255 The two-stage process 235:255 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 6 36 dep approach 855:862 arg1 only 868:871 only 868:871 only 868:871 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 3 37 theme CNC 533:535 arg1 nanosheets 537:546 self-assembled CNC nanosheets 518:546 self-assembled CNC nanosheets 518:546 SEM image indicates that self-assembled CNC nanosheets disperse evenly throughout the polymer matrix. 25857992 2 38 theme wt 294:295 arg1 % 296:296 70 wt% 291:296 70 wt% 291:296 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 2 38 theme wt 294:295 arg1 content 282:288 high-CNC content 273:288 high-CNC content (70 wt%) 273:297 The two-stage process includes making high-CNC content (70 wt%) master batch pellets, then mixing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the master batch pellets to prepare the ABS/CNC nanocomposite in extruder. 25857992 1 39 theme cellulose 165:173 arg1 CNC 188:190 CNC 188:190 CNC 188:190 The master-batch method provides a simple way to apply cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcement in a hydrophobic matrix. 25857992 1 39 theme cellulose 165:173 arg1 nanocrystal 175:185 cellulose nanocrystal 165:185 cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) 165:191 The master-batch method provides a simple way to apply cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcement in a hydrophobic matrix. 25857992 6 40 with use 968:970 arg1 thermoplastics 995:1008 other hydrophobic thermoplastics 977:1008 other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production 977:1039 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 25857992 4 41 theme DMA 651:653 arg1 tests 655:659 tensile and DMA tests 639:659 tensile and DMA tests 639:659 The improved mechanical properties shown in tensile and DMA tests reveal that the CNC combines well with the ABS. 25857992 5 42 theme master 781:786 arg1 batch 788:792 the master batch 777:792 the master batch 777:792 TGA results show that the thermal degradation temperature of CNC in the master batch increases because of the protection of the ABS coating. 25857992 6 43 theme scale 1024:1028 arg1 production 1030:1039 industrial scale production 1013:1039 industrial scale production 1013:1039 This approach not only improves the dispersion ability and the thermal stability of CNC, but it is also applicable to use with other hydrophobic thermoplastics in industrial scale production. 28575937 7 0 theme good 1230:1233 arg1 compatibility 1241:1253 good blood compatibility 1230:1253 good blood compatibility 1230:1253 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 1 1 theme solvent 322:328 arg1 usage 305:309 the usage 301:309 the usage of organic solvent 301:328 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 7 2 theme activation 1127:1136 arg1 results 1105:1111 The results 1101:1111 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation 1101:1180 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 8 3 from cells 1273:1277 arg1 membranes 1286:1294 the membranes 1282:1294 the membranes 1282:1294 In addition, the cells on the membranes showed good morphology with the introduction of the PUs. 28575937 1 4 theme dimethyl 255:262 arg1 sulfoxide 264:272 dimethyl sulfoxide 255:272 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 255:279 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 1 4 theme dimethyl 255:262 arg1 DMSO 275:278 DMSO 275:278 DMSO 275:278 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 7 5 theme blood 1235:1239 arg1 compatibility 1241:1253 good blood compatibility 1230:1253 good blood compatibility 1230:1253 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 12 6 contain have 1869:1872 arg2 potential 1880:1888 great potential 1874:1888 great potential to be used in the field of blood purification 1874:1934 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 12 6 contain have 1869:1872 arg1 membranes 1853:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes 1832:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes 1832:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 1 7 theme heparin-mimicking 163:179 arg1 PUs 196:198 PUs 196:198 PUs 196:198 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 1 7 theme heparin-mimicking 163:179 arg1 polyurethanes 181:193 heparin-mimicking polyurethanes 163:193 heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) 163:199 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 1 8 theme sulfoxide 264:272 arg1 solution 243:250 the mixed solution 233:250 the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water 233:289 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 0 9 theme heparin-mimicking 102:118 arg1 polyurethanes 120:132 heparin-mimicking polyurethanes 102:132 heparin-mimicking polyurethanes 102:132 A facile way to prepare anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane via blending with heparin-mimicking polyurethanes. 28575937 10 10 contain had 1655:1657 arg2 properties 1678:1687 better antifouling properties 1659:1687 better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG 1659:1702 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 10 10 contain had 1655:1657 arg1 membranes 1617:1625 the membranes 1613:1625 the membranes containing more COOH groups 1613:1653 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 3 11 theme modified 516:523 arg1 membranes 529:537 heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes 498:537 heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes 498:537 The PUs were then blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes by a phase inversion technique. 28575937 6 12 theme clotting 989:996 arg1 tines 998:1002 prolonged clotting tines 979:1002 prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) 979:1010 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 6 12 theme clotting 989:996 arg1 APTTs 1005:1009 APTTs 1005:1009 APTTs 1005:1009 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 7 13 theme modified 1207:1214 arg1 membranes 1216:1224 the modified membranes 1203:1224 the modified membranes 1203:1224 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 12 14 theme purification 1923:1934 arg1 field 1908:1912 the field 1904:1912 the field of blood purification 1904:1934 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 7 15 theme complement 1116:1125 arg1 activation 1127:1136 complement activation 1116:1136 complement activation 1116:1136 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 3 16 theme PES 525:527 arg1 membranes 529:537 heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes 498:537 heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes 498:537 The PUs were then blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes by a phase inversion technique. 28575937 6 17 theme prolonged 979:987 arg1 tines 998:1002 prolonged clotting tines 979:1002 prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) 979:1010 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 6 17 theme prolonged 979:987 arg1 APTTs 1005:1009 APTTs 1005:1009 APTTs 1005:1009 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 8 18 theme good 1303:1306 arg1 morphology 1308:1317 good morphology 1303:1317 good morphology 1303:1317 In addition, the cells on the membranes showed good morphology with the introduction of the PUs. 28575937 5 19 theme zeta 815:818 arg1 potentials 820:829 zeta potentials 815:829 zeta potentials 815:829 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 4 20 theme zeta 598:601 arg1 potentials 603:612 zeta potentials 598:612 zeta potentials 598:612 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 10 21 theme COOH 1643:1646 arg1 groups 1648:1653 more COOH groups 1638:1653 more COOH groups 1638:1653 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 1 22 theme polyurethanes 181:193 arg1 kinds 154:158 new kinds 150:158 new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) 150:199 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 7 23 theme contact 1139:1145 arg1 activation 1147:1156 contact activation 1139:1156 contact activation 1139:1156 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 5 24 dep showed 764:769 arg1 lowered 807:813 lowered 807:813 lowered zeta potentials 807:829 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 5 24 dep showed 764:769 arg1 changed 771:777 changed 771:777 changed cross-sectional morphology 771:804 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 5 24 dep showed 764:769 arg1 decreased 835:843 decreased 835:843 decreased water contact angles 835:864 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 3 25 theme heparin-mimicking 498:514 arg1 membranes 529:537 heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes 498:537 heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes 498:537 The PUs were then blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes by a phase inversion technique. 28575937 4 26 theme contact 621:627 arg1 angles 629:634 water contact angles 615:634 water contact angles (WCA) 615:640 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 4 26 theme contact 621:627 arg1 WCA 637:639 WCA 637:639 WCA 637:639 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 0 27 theme facile 2:7 arg1 way 9:11 A facile way 0:11 A facile way 0:11 A facile way to prepare anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane via blending with heparin-mimicking polyurethanes. 28575937 5 28 theme contact 851:857 arg1 angles 859:864 water contact angles 845:864 water contact angles 845:864 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 5 29 theme cross-sectional 779:793 arg1 morphology 795:804 cross-sectional morphology 779:804 cross-sectional morphology 779:804 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 10 30 theme BSA 1692:1694 arg1 properties 1678:1687 better antifouling properties 1659:1687 better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG 1659:1702 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 3 31 theme phase 544:548 arg1 technique 560:568 a phase inversion technique 542:568 a phase inversion technique 542:568 The PUs were then blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes by a phase inversion technique. 28575937 2 32 theme COOH 364:367 arg1 COOH 364:367 COOH 364:367 COOH 364:367 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 32 theme COOH 364:367 arg1 SO3H 352:355 SO3H 352:355 SO3H 352:355 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 32 theme COOH 364:367 arg1 groups 342:347 Functional groups 331:347 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH 331:367 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 33 theme SO3H 417:420 arg1 ratios 407:412 various ratios 399:412 various ratios of SO3H to COOH 399:428 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 6 34 theme anticoagulant 1065:1077 arg1 properties 1079:1088 the anticoagulant properties 1061:1088 the anticoagulant properties 1061:1088 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 12 35 theme great 1874:1878 arg1 potential 1880:1888 great potential 1874:1888 great potential to be used in the field of blood purification 1874:1934 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 9 36 theme membranes 1562:1570 arg1 hemocompatibility 1537:1553 the hemocompatibility 1533:1553 the hemocompatibility of the membranes 1533:1570 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 1 37 theme water 285:289 arg1 solution 243:250 the mixed solution 233:250 the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water 233:289 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 4 38 theme protein 646:652 arg1 adsorptions 654:664 protein adsorptions 646:664 protein adsorptions 646:664 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 2 39 theme various 399:405 arg1 ratios 407:412 various ratios 399:412 various ratios of SO3H to COOH 399:428 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 0 40 theme anti-fouling 24:35 arg1 membrane 75:82 anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane 24:82 anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane 24:82 A facile way to prepare anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane via blending with heparin-mimicking polyurethanes. 28575937 6 41 theme modified 948:955 arg1 membranes 957:965 The modified membranes 944:965 The modified membranes 944:965 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 10 42 theme antifouling 1666:1676 arg1 properties 1678:1687 better antifouling properties 1659:1687 better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG 1659:1702 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 10 43 theme more 1638:1641 arg1 groups 1648:1653 more COOH groups 1638:1653 more COOH groups 1638:1653 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 4 44 theme water 615:619 arg1 angles 629:634 water contact angles 615:634 water contact angles (WCA) 615:640 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 4 44 theme water 615:619 arg1 WCA 637:639 WCA 637:639 WCA 637:639 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 5 45 theme modified 745:752 arg1 membranes 754:762 the modified membranes 741:762 the modified membranes 741:762 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 7 46 theme platelet 1162:1169 arg1 activation 1171:1180 platelet activation 1162:1180 platelet activation 1162:1180 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 7 47 theme activation 1171:1180 arg1 results 1105:1111 The results 1101:1111 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation 1101:1180 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 12 48 theme blood 1917:1921 arg1 purification 1923:1934 blood purification 1917:1934 blood purification 1917:1934 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 6 49 theme platelet 1027:1034 arg1 adhesion 1036:1043 platelet adhesion 1027:1043 platelet adhesion 1027:1043 The modified membranes also showed prolonged clotting tines (APTTs) and suppressed platelet adhesion, revealing that the anticoagulant properties increased. 28575937 0 50 theme blood-compatible 41:56 arg1 membrane 75:82 anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane 24:82 anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane 24:82 A facile way to prepare anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane via blending with heparin-mimicking polyurethanes. 28575937 9 51 theme blood 1425:1429 arg1 compatibility 1431:1443 the blood compatibility 1421:1443 the blood compatibility 1421:1443 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 9 51 theme blood 1425:1429 arg1 COOH 1395:1398 COOH 1395:1398 COOH 1395:1398 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 12 52 theme PES/PU 1836:1841 arg1 membranes 1853:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes 1832:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes 1832:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 5 53 theme PES 727:729 arg1 membrane 731:738 pristine PES membrane 718:738 pristine PES membrane 718:738 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 3 54 theme inversion 550:558 arg1 technique 560:568 a phase inversion technique 542:568 a phase inversion technique 542:568 The PUs were then blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate heparin-mimicking modified PES membranes by a phase inversion technique. 28575937 2 55 theme Functional 331:340 arg1 COOH 364:367 COOH 364:367 COOH 364:367 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 55 theme Functional 331:340 arg1 SO3H 352:355 SO3H 352:355 SO3H 352:355 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 55 theme Functional 331:340 arg1 groups 342:347 Functional groups 331:347 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH 331:367 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 7 56 theme activation 1147:1156 arg1 results 1105:1111 The results 1101:1111 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation 1101:1180 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 11 57 theme SO3H 1818:1821 arg1 ratios 1808:1813 the ratios 1804:1813 the ratios of SO3H to COOH 1804:1829 Therefore, the hemocompatibility for the heparin-mimicking membranes could be tuned by controlling the ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 9 58 theme SO3H 1387:1390 arg1 ratio 1378:1382 the ratio 1374:1382 the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility 1374:1443 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 7 59 contain had 1226:1228 arg1 membranes 1216:1224 the modified membranes 1203:1224 the modified membranes 1203:1224 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 7 59 contain had 1226:1228 arg2 compatibility 1241:1253 good blood compatibility 1230:1253 good blood compatibility 1230:1253 The results of complement activation, contact activation and platelet activation further implied that the modified membranes had good blood compatibility. 28575937 10 60 theme BFG 1700:1702 arg1 properties 1678:1687 better antifouling properties 1659:1687 better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG 1659:1702 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 9 61 theme ratio 1378:1382 arg1 increase 1362:1369 the increase 1358:1369 the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility 1358:1476 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 9 61 theme ratio 1378:1382 arg1 cytocompatibility 1460:1476 the cytocompatibility 1456:1476 the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility 1358:1476 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 9 62 theme COOH 1594:1597 arg1 groups 1599:1604 COOH groups 1594:1604 COOH groups 1594:1604 With the increase of the ratio of SO3H to COOH, the hydrophilicity, the blood compatibility as well as the cytocompatibility increased, implying that the SO3H groups could improve the hemocompatibility of the membranes more effectively than COOH groups. 28575937 5 63 theme anti-fouling 905:916 arg1 properties 918:927 anti-fouling properties 905:927 anti-fouling properties 905:927 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 11 64 theme heparin-mimicking 1746:1762 arg1 membranes 1764:1772 the heparin-mimicking membranes 1742:1772 the heparin-mimicking membranes 1742:1772 Therefore, the hemocompatibility for the heparin-mimicking membranes could be tuned by controlling the ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 12 65 theme composite 1843:1851 arg1 membranes 1853:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes 1832:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes 1832:1861 The PES/PU composite membranes might have great potential to be used in the field of blood purification. 28575937 4 66 theme membranes 673:681 arg1 angles 629:634 water contact angles 615:634 water contact angles (WCA) 615:640 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 4 66 theme membranes 673:681 arg1 adsorptions 654:664 protein adsorptions 646:664 protein adsorptions 646:664 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 4 66 theme membranes 673:681 arg1 microstructures 581:595 the microstructures 577:595 the microstructures 577:595 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 4 66 theme membranes 673:681 arg1 potentials 603:612 zeta potentials 598:612 zeta potentials 598:612 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 4 66 theme membranes 673:681 arg1 WCA 637:639 WCA 637:639 WCA 637:639 Then, the microstructures, zeta potentials, water contact angles (WCA) and protein adsorptions of the membranes were characterized. 28575937 8 67 theme PUs 1348:1350 arg1 introduction 1328:1339 the introduction 1324:1339 the introduction of the PUs 1324:1350 In addition, the cells on the membranes showed good morphology with the introduction of the PUs. 28575937 1 68 theme mixed 237:241 arg1 solution 243:250 the mixed solution 233:250 the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water 233:289 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 5 69 theme pristine 718:725 arg1 membrane 731:738 pristine PES membrane 718:738 pristine PES membrane 718:738 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 10 70 theme better 1659:1664 arg1 properties 1678:1687 better antifouling properties 1659:1687 better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG 1659:1702 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 1 71 theme new 150:152 arg1 kinds 154:158 new kinds 150:158 new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) 150:199 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 5 72 theme water 845:849 arg1 angles 859:864 water contact angles 845:864 water contact angles 845:864 Comparing with pristine PES membrane, the modified membranes showed changed cross-sectional morphology, lowered zeta potentials and decreased water contact angles, revealing that the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties were improved. 28575937 0 73 theme polyethersulfone 58:73 arg1 membrane 75:82 anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane 24:82 anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane 24:82 A facile way to prepare anti-fouling and blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane via blending with heparin-mimicking polyurethanes. 28575937 1 74 theme organic 314:320 arg1 solvent 322:328 organic solvent 314:328 organic solvent 314:328 In this study, new kinds of heparin-mimicking polyurethanes (PUs) were fabricated conveniently in the mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water, reducing the usage of organic solvent. 28575937 10 75 contain containing 1627:1636 arg1 membranes 1617:1625 the membranes 1613:1625 the membranes containing more COOH groups 1613:1653 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 10 75 contain containing 1627:1636 arg2 groups 1648:1653 more COOH groups 1638:1653 more COOH groups 1638:1653 While the membranes containing more COOH groups had better antifouling properties of BSA and BFG. 28575937 2 76 theme SO3H 352:355 arg1 COOH 364:367 COOH 364:367 COOH 364:367 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 76 theme SO3H 352:355 arg1 SO3H 352:355 SO3H 352:355 SO3H 352:355 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 28575937 2 76 theme SO3H 352:355 arg1 groups 342:347 Functional groups 331:347 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH 331:367 Functional groups of SO3H and/or COOH were introduced into PUs with various ratios of SO3H to COOH. 25447638 6 0 theme lipid 1710:1714 arg1 metabolism 1716:1725 lipid metabolism 1710:1725 lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation 1710:1787 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 1 1 theme oligosaccharides 253:268 arg1 effects 214:220 the effects 210:220 the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 210:540 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 5 2 theme expression 1293:1302 arg1 level 1304:1308 the gene expression level 1284:1308 the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes 1284:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 3 theme growth 1381:1386 arg1 TGFβ 1398:1401 TGFβ 1398:1401 TGFβ 1398:1401 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 3 theme growth 1381:1386 arg1 β 1395:1395 transforming growth factor β 1368:1395 transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) 1368:1402 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 4 theme immune 455:460 arg1 response 462:469 the intestinal immune response 440:469 the intestinal immune response 440:469 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 2 5 theme sea 667:669 arg1 bass 671:674 a commercial sea bass 654:674 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 6 6 theme LC-PUFA 1768:1774 arg1 accumulation 1776:1787 a higher LC-PUFA accumulation 1759:1787 a higher LC-PUFA accumulation 1759:1787 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 6 7 from metabolism 1716:1725 arg1 liver 1741:1745 liver 1741:1745 liver 1741:1745 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 6 7 from metabolism 1716:1725 arg1 muscle 1730:1735 muscle 1730:1735 muscle 1730:1735 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 4 8 theme desaturase 1135:1144 arg1 expression 1151:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression 1125:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1125:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 9 theme fatty 860:864 arg1 profiles 871:878 liver and muscle fatty acid profiles 843:878 profiles 871:878 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 10 theme acids 1042:1046 arg1 retention 996:1004 a preferential retention 981:1004 a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6 981:1084 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 0 11 theme lipid 119:123 arg1 metabolism 125:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 1 12 theme gut 371:373 arg1 morphology 375:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 6 13 theme dietary 1549:1555 arg1 inclusion 1562:1570 dietary cMOS inclusion 1549:1570 dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% 1549:1579 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 0 14 theme Dicentrarchus 158:170 arg1 bass 152:155 European sea bass 139:155 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 139:178 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 14 theme Dicentrarchus 158:170 arg1 labrax 172:177 Dicentrarchus labrax 158:177 Dicentrarchus labrax 158:177 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 3 15 theme Dietary 682:688 arg1 cMOS 690:693 Dietary cMOS 682:693 Dietary cMOS 682:693 Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. 25447638 0 16 theme sea 148:150 arg1 bass 152:155 European sea bass 139:155 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 139:178 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 16 theme sea 148:150 arg1 labrax 172:177 Dicentrarchus labrax 158:177 Dicentrarchus labrax 158:177 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 2 17 theme g 616:616 arg1 kg 618:619 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) 606:623 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet 606:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 5 18 theme cMOS 1195:1198 arg1 supplementation 1200:1214 dietary cMOS supplementation 1187:1214 dietary cMOS supplementation 1187:1214 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 19 theme selected 408:415 arg1 parameters 417:426 selected parameters 408:426 selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 408:540 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 3 20 theme tissue 764:769 arg1 composition 781:791 tissue proximate composition 764:791 tissue proximate composition 764:791 Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. 25447638 4 21 theme fatty 908:912 arg1 acids 914:918 those fatty acids 902:918 those fatty acids 902:918 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 1 22 theme tissue 323:328 arg1 profiles 341:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 5 23 theme immune-related 1321:1334 arg1 genes 1336:1340 certain immune-related genes 1313:1340 certain immune-related genes 1313:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 6 24 theme specific 1608:1615 arg1 rate 1624:1627 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 2 25 theme inclusion 641:649 arg1 cMOS 633:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS 606:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet 606:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 0 26 theme gut 83:85 arg1 system 102:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 1 27 theme acid 336:339 arg1 profiles 341:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 6 28 from % 1579:1579 arg1 inclusion 1562:1570 dietary cMOS inclusion 1549:1570 dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% 1549:1579 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 system 102:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 growth 75:80 growth 75:80 growth 75:80 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 metabolism 125:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 4 30 theme gene 1146:1149 arg1 expression 1151:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression 1125:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1125:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 3 31 theme relative 730:737 arg1 growth 739:744 relative growth 730:744 relative growth 730:744 Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. 25447638 0 32 theme immune 95:100 arg1 system 102:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 4 33 located found 1162:1166 arg1 liver 1171:1175 liver 1171:1175 liver 1171:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 33 located found 1162:1166 arg2 expression 1151:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression 1125:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1125:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 6 34 theme cellular 1661:1668 arg1 parameters 1686:1695 selected cellular GALT-associated parameters 1652:1695 selected cellular GALT-associated parameters 1652:1695 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 5 35 theme histocompatibility 1449:1466 arg1 class 1476:1480 major histocompatibility complex class II 1443:1483 major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) 1443:1491 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 35 theme histocompatibility 1449:1466 arg1 MHCII 1486:1490 MHCII 1486:1490 MHCII 1486:1490 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 4 36 theme 6/5 1131:1133 arg1 expression 1151:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression 1125:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1125:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 0 37 theme dietary 11:17 arg1 supplementation 56:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 1 38 theme fish 280:283 arg1 performance 285:295 fish performance 280:295 fish performance 280:295 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 39 theme preferential 929:940 arg1 substrates 942:951 preferential substrates 929:951 preferential substrates for β-oxidation 929:967 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 39 theme preferential 929:940 arg1 levels 892:897 levels 892:897 levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 892:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 0 40 theme mannan 32:37 arg1 supplementation 56:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 41 theme supplementation 56:70 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 0:178 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 4 42 theme chain 1014:1018 arg1 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 42 theme chain 1014:1018 arg1 acids 1042:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 1009:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) 1009:1056 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 42 theme chain 1014:1018 arg1 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 42 theme chain 1014:1018 arg1 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 5 43 theme genes 1336:1340 arg1 level 1304:1308 the gene expression level 1284:1308 the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes 1284:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 44 theme European 501:508 arg1 bass 514:517 European sea bass 501:517 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 501:540 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 44 theme European 501:508 arg1 labrax 534:539 Dicentrarchus labrax 520:539 Dicentrarchus labrax 520:539 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 5 45 dep intestinal 1238:1247 arg1 folds 1249:1253 folds 1249:1253 folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes 1249:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 4 46 theme fatty 1036:1040 arg1 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 46 theme fatty 1036:1040 arg1 acids 1042:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 1009:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) 1009:1056 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 46 theme fatty 1036:1040 arg1 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 46 theme fatty 1036:1040 arg1 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 5 47 theme T 1494:1494 arg1 TCRβ 1513:1516 TCRβ 1513:1516 TCRβ 1513:1516 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 47 theme T 1494:1494 arg1 β 1510:1510 T cell receptor β 1494:1510 T cell receptor β (TCRβ) 1494:1517 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 48 theme bass 514:517 arg1 response 462:469 the intestinal immune response 440:469 the intestinal immune response 440:469 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 48 theme bass 514:517 arg1 metabolism 487:496 liver lipid metabolism 475:496 liver lipid metabolism 475:496 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 49 theme dietary 225:231 arg1 oligosaccharides 253:268 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides 225:268 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) 225:275 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 49 theme dietary 225:231 arg1 cMOS 271:274 cMOS 271:274 cMOS 271:274 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 50 theme preferential 983:994 arg1 retention 996:1004 a preferential retention 981:1004 a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6 981:1084 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 1 51 theme biochemical 298:308 arg1 composition 310:320 biochemical composition 298:320 biochemical composition 298:320 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 5 52 theme receptor 1501:1508 arg1 TCRβ 1513:1516 TCRβ 1513:1516 TCRβ 1513:1516 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 52 theme receptor 1501:1508 arg1 β 1510:1510 T cell receptor β 1494:1510 T cell receptor β (TCRβ) 1494:1517 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 53 theme Dicentrarchus 520:532 arg1 bass 514:517 European sea bass 501:517 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 501:540 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 53 theme Dicentrarchus 520:532 arg1 labrax 534:539 Dicentrarchus labrax 520:539 Dicentrarchus labrax 520:539 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 54 theme mannan 246:251 arg1 oligosaccharides 253:268 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides 225:268 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) 225:275 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 54 theme mannan 246:251 arg1 cMOS 271:274 cMOS 271:274 cMOS 271:274 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 2 55 theme g 577:577 arg1 specimens 561:569 specimens 561:569 specimens of 20 g 561:577 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 5 56 theme transforming 1368:1379 arg1 TGFβ 1398:1401 TGFβ 1398:1401 TGFβ 1398:1401 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 56 theme transforming 1368:1379 arg1 β 1395:1395 transforming growth factor β 1368:1395 transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) 1368:1402 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 4 57 theme cMOS 803:806 arg1 supplementation 808:822 cMOS supplementation 803:822 cMOS supplementation 803:822 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 1 58 theme intestinal 444:453 arg1 response 462:469 the intestinal immune response 440:469 the intestinal immune response 440:469 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 2 59 theme bass 671:674 arg1 diet 676:679 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 2 60 from cMOS 633:636 arg1 diet 676:679 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 1 61 theme liver 475:479 arg1 metabolism 487:496 liver lipid metabolism 475:496 liver lipid metabolism 475:496 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 62 theme muscle 853:858 arg1 profiles 871:878 liver and muscle fatty acid profiles 843:878 profiles 871:878 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 2 63 from inclusion 641:649 arg1 diet 676:679 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 0 64 theme European 139:146 arg1 bass 152:155 European sea bass 139:155 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 139:178 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 64 theme European 139:146 arg1 labrax 172:177 Dicentrarchus labrax 158:177 Dicentrarchus labrax 158:177 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 6 65 theme higher 1761:1766 arg1 accumulation 1776:1787 a higher LC-PUFA accumulation 1759:1787 a higher LC-PUFA accumulation 1759:1787 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 4 66 theme acid 866:869 arg1 profiles 871:878 liver and muscle fatty acid profiles 843:878 profiles 871:878 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 5 67 theme factor 1388:1393 arg1 TGFβ 1398:1401 TGFβ 1398:1401 TGFβ 1398:1401 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 67 theme factor 1388:1393 arg1 β 1395:1395 transforming growth factor β 1368:1395 transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) 1368:1402 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 3 68 theme fish 704:707 arg1 length 709:714 fish length 704:714 fish length 704:714 Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. 25447638 0 69 theme bass 152:155 arg1 system 102:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 69 theme bass 152:155 arg1 growth 75:80 growth 75:80 growth 75:80 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 0 69 theme bass 152:155 arg1 metabolism 125:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 1 70 theme gen 390:392 arg1 expression 394:403 gen expression 390:403 gen expression 390:403 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 6 71 theme sea 1599:1601 arg1 bass 1603:1606 European sea bass 1590:1606 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 2 72 theme dietary 625:631 arg1 cMOS 633:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS 606:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet 606:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 5 73 theme dietary 1187:1193 arg1 supplementation 1200:1214 dietary cMOS supplementation 1187:1214 dietary cMOS supplementation 1187:1214 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 74 from effects 214:220 arg1 profiles 341:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 74 from effects 214:220 arg1 performance 285:295 fish performance 280:295 fish performance 280:295 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 74 from effects 214:220 arg1 composition 310:320 biochemical composition 298:320 biochemical composition 298:320 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 74 from effects 214:220 arg1 morphology 375:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 74 from effects 214:220 arg1 liver 351:355 liver 351:355 liver 351:355 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 75 theme liver 843:847 arg1 profiles 871:878 liver and muscle fatty acid profiles 843:878 profiles 871:878 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 2 76 theme commercial 656:665 arg1 bass 671:674 a commercial sea bass 654:674 a commercial sea bass diet 654:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 1 77 theme parameters 417:426 arg1 composition 310:320 biochemical composition 298:320 biochemical composition 298:320 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 77 theme parameters 417:426 arg1 liver 351:355 liver 351:355 liver 351:355 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 77 theme parameters 417:426 arg1 expression 394:403 gen expression 390:403 gen expression 390:403 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 77 theme parameters 417:426 arg1 performance 285:295 fish performance 280:295 fish performance 280:295 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 77 theme parameters 417:426 arg1 profiles 341:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 77 theme parameters 417:426 arg1 morphology 375:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 3 78 theme proximate 771:779 arg1 composition 781:791 tissue proximate composition 764:791 tissue proximate composition 764:791 Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. 25447638 6 79 theme growth 1617:1622 arg1 rate 1624:1627 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 0 80 theme mucosal 87:93 arg1 system 102:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 gut mucosal immune system 83:107 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 1 81 theme fatty 330:334 arg1 profiles 341:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 tissue fatty acid profiles 323:348 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 82 theme acids 914:918 arg1 levels 892:897 levels 892:897 levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 892:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 82 theme acids 914:918 arg1 substrates 942:951 preferential substrates 929:951 preferential substrates for β-oxidation 929:967 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 6 83 theme bass 1603:1606 arg1 rate 1624:1627 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 4 84 theme expression 1151:1160 arg1 down-regulation 1106:1120 the down-regulation 1102:1120 the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1102:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 6 85 theme European 1590:1597 arg1 bass 1603:1606 European sea bass 1590:1606 European sea bass specific growth rate 1590:1627 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 0 86 theme liver 113:117 arg1 metabolism 125:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 liver lipid metabolism 113:134 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 4 87 theme delta 1125:1129 arg1 expression 1151:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression 1125:1160 delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1125:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 5 88 theme induced 1265:1271 arg1 changes 1273:1279 induced changes 1265:1279 induced changes 1265:1279 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 89 theme posterior 361:369 arg1 morphology 375:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 posterior gut morphology 361:384 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 6 90 theme GALT-associated 1670:1684 arg1 parameters 1686:1695 selected cellular GALT-associated parameters 1652:1695 selected cellular GALT-associated parameters 1652:1695 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 2 91 theme kg 618:619 arg1 cMOS 633:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS 606:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet 606:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 5 92 theme posterior 1224:1232 arg1 gut 1234:1236 posterior gut 1224:1236 posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes 1224:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 0 93 theme concentrated 19:30 arg1 supplementation 56:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 6 94 theme selected 1652:1659 arg1 parameters 1686:1695 selected cellular GALT-associated parameters 1652:1695 selected cellular GALT-associated parameters 1652:1695 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 5 95 theme complex 1468:1474 arg1 class 1476:1480 major histocompatibility complex class II 1443:1483 major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) 1443:1491 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 95 theme complex 1468:1474 arg1 MHCII 1486:1490 MHCII 1486:1490 MHCII 1486:1490 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 96 theme intestinal 1238:1247 arg1 gut 1234:1236 posterior gut 1224:1236 posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes 1224:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 0 97 theme oligosaccharides 39:54 arg1 supplementation 56:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation 11:70 Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 25447638 1 98 theme lipid 481:485 arg1 metabolism 487:496 liver lipid metabolism 475:496 liver lipid metabolism 475:496 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 99 from substrates 942:951 arg1 relation 1090:1097 relation 1090:1097 relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver 1090:1175 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 2 100 from diet 676:679 arg1 cMOS 633:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS 606:636 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet 606:679 For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. 25447638 5 101 theme certain 1313:1319 arg1 genes 1336:1340 certain immune-related genes 1313:1340 certain immune-related genes 1313:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 6 102 theme cMOS 1557:1560 arg1 inclusion 1562:1570 dietary cMOS inclusion 1549:1570 dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% 1549:1579 Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation. 25447638 4 103 theme long 1009:1012 arg1 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 103 theme long 1009:1012 arg1 acids 1042:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 1009:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) 1009:1056 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 103 theme long 1009:1012 arg1 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 103 theme long 1009:1012 arg1 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 5 104 theme major 1443:1447 arg1 class 1476:1480 major histocompatibility complex class II 1443:1483 major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) 1443:1491 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 104 theme major 1443:1447 arg1 MHCII 1486:1490 MHCII 1486:1490 MHCII 1486:1490 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 105 theme sea 510:512 arg1 bass 514:517 European sea bass 501:517 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 501:540 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 105 theme sea 510:512 arg1 labrax 534:539 Dicentrarchus labrax 520:539 Dicentrarchus labrax 520:539 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 4 106 theme polyunsaturated 1020:1034 arg1 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 LC-PUFA 1049:1055 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 106 theme polyunsaturated 1020:1034 arg1 acids 1042:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 1009:1046 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) 1009:1056 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 106 theme polyunsaturated 1020:1034 arg1 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 22:5n-6 1078:1084 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 4 106 theme polyunsaturated 1020:1034 arg1 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 20:4n-6 1067:1073 However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. 25447638 5 107 theme cell 1496:1499 arg1 TCRβ 1513:1516 TCRβ 1513:1516 TCRβ 1513:1516 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 107 theme cell 1496:1499 arg1 β 1510:1510 T cell receptor β 1494:1510 T cell receptor β (TCRβ) 1494:1517 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 5 108 theme gene 1288:1291 arg1 level 1304:1308 the gene expression level 1284:1308 the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes 1284:1340 Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). 25447638 1 109 theme concentrated 233:244 arg1 oligosaccharides 253:268 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides 225:268 dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) 225:275 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 25447638 1 109 theme concentrated 233:244 arg1 cMOS 271:274 cMOS 271:274 cMOS 271:274 The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 29175439 5 0 theme plasmid 777:783 arg1 pDNA 790:793 pDNA 790:793 pDNA 790:793 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 5 0 theme plasmid 777:783 arg1 DNA 785:787 plasmid DNA 777:787 plasmid DNA (pDNA) 777:794 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 1 1 contain has 130:132 arg1 Chitosan 68:75 Chitosan 68:75 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery 68:128 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 1 1 contain has 130:132 arg2 advantage 138:146 the advantage 134:146 the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer 134:197 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 5 2 theme weight 636:641 arg1 chitosan 643:650 an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan 609:650 an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation 609:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 7 3 theme physiological 1059:1071 arg1 conditions 1073:1082 physiological conditions 1059:1082 physiological conditions 1059:1082 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 7 4 from cytotoxicity 979:990 arg1 efficiency 1042:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 4 5 theme gelation 571:578 arg1 technique 580:588 the ionic gelation technique 561:588 the ionic gelation technique 561:588 Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were obtained using the ionic gelation technique. 29175439 5 6 theme DNA 785:787 arg1 entrapment 763:772 efficient entrapment 753:772 efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles 753:819 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 4 7 theme Chitosan 510:517 arg1 CsNPs 534:538 CsNPs 534:538 CsNPs 534:538 Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were obtained using the ionic gelation technique. 29175439 4 7 theme Chitosan 510:517 arg1 nanoparticles 519:531 Chitosan nanoparticles 510:531 Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) 510:539 Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were obtained using the ionic gelation technique. 29175439 5 8 theme low 622:624 arg1 weight 636:641 an ultrapure low molecular weight 609:641 an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation 609:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 10 9 theme delivery 1429:1436 arg1 vehicle 1438:1444 an optimal gene delivery vehicle 1413:1444 an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy 1413:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 2 10 theme low 327:329 arg1 ability 331:337 its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions 323:393 its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions 323:393 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 4 11 theme ionic 565:569 arg1 technique 580:588 the ionic gelation technique 561:588 the ionic gelation technique 561:588 Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were obtained using the ionic gelation technique. 29175439 10 12 theme gene 1424:1427 arg1 vehicle 1438:1444 an optimal gene delivery vehicle 1413:1444 an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy 1413:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 10 13 theme production 1382:1391 arg1 conditions 1393:1402 harsh production conditions 1376:1402 harsh production conditions 1376:1402 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 2 14 theme delivery 299:306 arg1 vehicle 308:314 a gene delivery vehicle 292:314 a gene delivery vehicle 292:314 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 15 theme optimal 1416:1422 arg1 vehicle 1438:1444 an optimal gene delivery vehicle 1413:1444 an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy 1413:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 2 16 theme limited 277:283 arg1 use 285:287 limited use 277:287 limited use as a gene delivery vehicle 277:314 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 17 theme devoid 1321:1326 arg1 system 1314:1319 This new biocompatible composite system 1281:1319 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions 1281:1402 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 7 18 theme reduced 971:977 arg1 cytotoxicity 979:990 reduced cytotoxicity 971:990 reduced cytotoxicity 971:990 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 19 theme new 1480:1482 arg1 insights 1484:1491 new insights 1480:1491 new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy 1480:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 1 20 theme biocompatible 159:171 arg1 polymer 191:197 a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer 157:197 a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer 157:197 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 5 21 theme efficient 753:761 arg1 entrapment 763:772 efficient entrapment 753:772 efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles 753:819 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 5 22 theme ultrapure 612:620 arg1 weight 636:641 an ultrapure low molecular weight 609:641 an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation 609:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 7 23 theme pDNA 954:957 arg1 protection 959:968 better pDNA protection 947:968 better pDNA protection 947:968 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 24 theme composite 1304:1312 arg1 system 1314:1319 This new biocompatible composite system 1281:1319 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions 1281:1402 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 2 25 theme physiological 370:382 arg1 conditions 384:393 physiological conditions 370:393 physiological conditions 370:393 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 0 26 theme coated 6:11 arg1 chitosan-DNA 13:24 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA 0:24 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA 0:24 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. 29175439 6 27 theme anionic 892:898 arg1 DPPC/Cholesterol 911:926 DPPC/Cholesterol 911:926 DPPC/Cholesterol 911:926 LCPs were prepared by incubating chitosan nanoparticles together with anionic liposomes (DPPC/Cholesterol). 29175439 6 27 theme anionic 892:898 arg1 liposomes 900:908 anionic liposomes 892:908 anionic liposomes (DPPC/Cholesterol) 892:927 LCPs were prepared by incubating chitosan nanoparticles together with anionic liposomes (DPPC/Cholesterol). 29175439 3 28 dep address 399:405 arg1 lipochitoplexes 486:500 lipochitoplexes 486:500 lipochitoplexes (LCPs) 486:507 To address this problem, we developed novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles; lipochitoplexes (LCPs). 29175439 3 28 dep address 399:405 arg1 LCPs 503:506 LCPs 503:506 LCPs 503:506 To address this problem, we developed novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles; lipochitoplexes (LCPs). 29175439 10 29 theme in 1450:1451 arg1 applications 1458:1469 in vivo applications 1450:1469 in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy 1450:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 1 30 theme polycationic 82:93 arg1 vector 105:110 a polycationic non-viral vector 80:110 a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery 80:128 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 10 31 theme biocompatible 1290:1302 arg1 system 1314:1319 This new biocompatible composite system 1281:1319 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions 1281:1402 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 1 32 theme biodegradable 177:189 arg1 polymer 191:197 a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer 157:197 a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer 157:197 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 0 33 theme Lipid 0:4 arg1 chitosan-DNA 13:24 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA 0:24 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA 0:24 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. 29175439 5 34 theme molecular 626:634 arg1 weight 636:641 an ultrapure low molecular weight 609:641 an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation 609:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 1 35 theme non-viral 95:103 arg1 vector 105:110 a polycationic non-viral vector 80:110 a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery 80:128 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 7 36 from increase 1013:1020 arg1 efficiency 1042:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 37 theme non-viral 1511:1519 arg1 therapy 1526:1532 non-viral gene therapy 1511:1532 non-viral gene therapy 1511:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 8 38 theme vehicle 1116:1122 arg1 efficiency 1089:1098 The efficiency 1085:1098 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle 1085:1122 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle was also proved in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). 29175439 7 39 theme better 947:952 arg1 protection 959:968 better pDNA protection 947:968 better pDNA protection 947:968 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 40 theme modifications 1340:1352 arg1 devoid 1321:1326 devoid 1321:1326 devoid 1321:1326 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 3 41 theme encapsulated 449:460 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 To address this problem, we developed novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles; lipochitoplexes (LCPs). 29175439 2 42 theme gene 294:297 arg1 vehicle 308:314 a gene delivery vehicle 292:314 a gene delivery vehicle 292:314 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 8 43 theme delivery 1107:1114 arg1 vehicle 1116:1122 our delivery vehicle 1103:1122 our delivery vehicle 1103:1122 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle was also proved in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). 29175439 9 44 theme blood 1266:1270 arg1 vessels 1272:1278 the surrounding blood vessels 1250:1278 the surrounding blood vessels 1250:1278 LCPs were able to transfect the CAM without traumatising the surrounding blood vessels. 29175439 5 45 with chitosan 643:650 arg1 degree 664:669 a high degree 657:669 a high degree of deacetylation 657:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 10 46 theme chemical 1331:1338 arg1 modifications 1340:1352 chemical modifications 1331:1352 chemical modifications 1331:1352 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 3 47 theme chitosan 462:469 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 To address this problem, we developed novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles; lipochitoplexes (LCPs). 29175439 0 48 theme enhanced 44:51 arg1 delivery 58:65 enhanced gene delivery 44:65 enhanced gene delivery 44:65 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. 29175439 10 49 theme gene 1521:1524 arg1 therapy 1526:1532 non-viral gene therapy 1511:1532 non-viral gene therapy 1511:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 3 50 theme novel 434:438 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 To address this problem, we developed novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles; lipochitoplexes (LCPs). 29175439 5 51 theme polyanionic 711:721 arg1 tripolyphosphate 723:738 polyanionic tripolyphosphate 711:738 polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles 711:819 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 8 52 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1 CAM 1187:1189 CAM 1187:1189 CAM 1187:1189 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle was also proved in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). 29175439 8 52 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1 model 1180:1184 the chorioallantoic membrane model 1151:1184 the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) 1151:1190 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle was also proved in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). 29175439 7 53 theme transfection 1029:1040 arg1 efficiency 1042:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 3 54 theme liposome 440:447 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles 434:483 To address this problem, we developed novel liposome encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles; lipochitoplexes (LCPs). 29175439 5 55 theme high 659:662 arg1 degree 664:669 a high degree 657:669 a high degree of deacetylation 657:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 6 56 theme chitosan 855:862 arg1 nanoparticles 864:876 chitosan nanoparticles 855:876 chitosan nanoparticles 855:876 LCPs were prepared by incubating chitosan nanoparticles together with anionic liposomes (DPPC/Cholesterol). 29175439 2 57 theme chemical 227:234 arg1 modifications 236:248 laborious chemical modifications 217:248 laborious chemical modifications to its structure 217:265 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 1 58 theme gene 116:119 arg1 delivery 121:128 gene delivery 116:128 gene delivery 116:128 Chitosan as a polycationic non-viral vector for gene delivery has the advantage of being a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. 29175439 0 59 theme gene 53:56 arg1 delivery 58:65 enhanced gene delivery 44:65 enhanced gene delivery 44:65 Lipid coated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. 29175439 2 60 theme laborious 217:225 arg1 modifications 236:248 laborious chemical modifications 217:248 laborious chemical modifications to its structure 217:265 However, without laborious chemical modifications to its structure, it is of limited use as a gene delivery vehicle due to its low ability to efficiently transfect under physiological conditions. 29175439 10 61 theme solvents 1363:1370 arg1 devoid 1321:1326 devoid 1321:1326 devoid 1321:1326 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 9 62 theme surrounding 1254:1264 arg1 vessels 1272:1278 the surrounding blood vessels 1250:1278 the surrounding blood vessels 1250:1278 LCPs were able to transfect the CAM without traumatising the surrounding blood vessels. 29175439 10 63 theme organic 1355:1361 arg1 solvents 1363:1370 organic solvents 1355:1370 organic solvents 1355:1370 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 5 64 theme deacetylation 674:686 arg1 degree 664:669 a high degree 657:669 a high degree of deacetylation 657:686 For this purpose, an ultrapure low molecular weight chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation was cross-linked using polyanionic tripolyphosphate resulting in efficient entrapment of plasmid DNA (pDNA) inside the nanoparticles. 29175439 10 65 theme harsh 1376:1380 arg1 conditions 1393:1402 harsh production conditions 1376:1402 harsh production conditions 1376:1402 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 7 66 theme twofold 1005:1011 arg1 increase 1013:1020 at least twofold increase 996:1020 at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency 996:1051 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 7 67 from protection 959:968 arg1 efficiency 1042:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 the transfection efficiency 1025:1051 The LCPs offered better pDNA protection, reduced cytotoxicity and at least twofold increase in the transfection efficiency under physiological conditions. 29175439 8 68 theme chorioallantoic 1155:1169 arg1 CAM 1187:1189 CAM 1187:1189 CAM 1187:1189 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle was also proved in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). 29175439 8 68 theme chorioallantoic 1155:1169 arg1 model 1180:1184 the chorioallantoic membrane model 1151:1184 the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) 1151:1190 The efficiency of our delivery vehicle was also proved in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). 29175439 10 69 dep in 1450:1451 arg1 vivo 1453:1456 vivo 1453:1456 vivo 1453:1456 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 10 70 theme therapy 1526:1532 arg1 field 1502:1506 the field 1498:1506 the field of non-viral gene therapy 1498:1532 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 10 71 theme conditions 1393:1402 arg1 devoid 1321:1326 devoid 1321:1326 devoid 1321:1326 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 29175439 10 72 theme new 1286:1288 arg1 system 1314:1319 This new biocompatible composite system 1281:1319 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions 1281:1402 This new biocompatible composite system devoid of chemical modifications, organic solvents and harsh production conditions makes it an optimal gene delivery vehicle for in vivo applications offering new insights into the field of non-viral gene therapy. 24727107 3 0 theme methylation 363:373 arg1 analyses 375:382 sugar and methylation analyses 353:382 analyses 375:382 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 1 theme O-polysaccharide 506:521 arg1 O-unit 492:497 the tetrasaccharide O-unit 472:497 the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide 472:521 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 2 theme following 449:457 arg1 structure 459:467 the following structure 445:467 the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide 445:521 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 0 3 from Structure 0:8 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 43:60 the lipopolysaccharide 39:60 the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia 39:75 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O33. 24727107 3 4 dep H 410:410 arg1 1 408:408 1 408:408 1 408:408 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 5 theme O-polysaccharide 548:563 arg1 structure 565:573 Another O-polysaccharide structure 540:573 Another O-polysaccharide structure 540:573 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 2 6 theme mass 325:328 arg1 spectrometry 330:341 ESI mass spectrometry 321:341 ESI mass spectrometry 321:341 Composition of the oligosaccharides was inferred by ESI mass spectrometry. 24727107 3 7 theme tetrasaccharide 476:490 arg1 O-unit 492:497 the tetrasaccharide O-unit 472:497 the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide 472:521 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 8 theme Smith 385:389 arg1 degradation 391:401 Smith degradation 385:401 Smith degradation 385:401 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 0 9 from lipopolysaccharide 43:60 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia 0:75 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O33. 24727107 0 9 from lipopolysaccharide 43:60 arg1 O-polysaccharide 17:32 the O-polysaccharide 13:32 the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia 13:75 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O33. 24727107 1 10 from O33 175:177 arg1 degradation 106:116 Mild acid degradation 96:116 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 96:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 1 10 from O33 175:177 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 125:142 the lipopolysaccharide 121:142 the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 121:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 2 11 theme ESI 321:323 arg1 spectrometry 330:341 ESI mass spectrometry 321:341 ESI mass spectrometry 321:341 Composition of the oligosaccharides was inferred by ESI mass spectrometry. 24727107 3 12 theme H 410:410 arg1 data 439:442 (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data 407:442 (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data 407:442 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 1 13 theme Mild 96:99 arg1 degradation 106:116 Mild acid degradation 96:116 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 96:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 3 14 theme NMR 422:424 arg1 spectroscopy 426:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 416:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 416:437 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 1 15 theme acid 101:104 arg1 degradation 106:116 Mild acid degradation 96:116 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 96:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 3 16 theme spectroscopy 426:437 arg1 data 439:442 (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data 407:442 (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data 407:442 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 0 17 theme O-polysaccharide 17:32 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia 0:75 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O33. 24727107 3 18 theme P. 661:662 arg1 strain 677:682 a P. stuartii О52 strain 659:682 a P. stuartii О52 strain 659:682 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 19 theme stuartii 617:624 arg1 О33 626:628 Providencia stuartii О33 605:628 Providencia stuartii О33 605:628 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 1 20 theme O-unit-bearing 231:244 arg1 oligosaccharides 251:266 O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides 231:266 O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides 231:266 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 3 21 theme C 420:420 arg1 spectroscopy 426:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 416:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 416:437 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 1 22 theme core 246:249 arg1 oligosaccharides 251:266 O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides 231:266 O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides 231:266 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 3 23 theme O-unit 492:497 arg1 structure 459:467 the following structure 445:467 the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide 445:521 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 24 theme sugar 353:357 arg1 analyses 375:382 sugar and methylation analyses 353:382 analyses 375:382 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 3 25 theme Providencia 605:615 arg1 О33 626:628 Providencia stuartii О33 605:628 Providencia stuartii О33 605:628 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 1 26 theme lipopolysaccharide 125:142 arg1 degradation 106:116 Mild acid degradation 96:116 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 96:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 1 27 from degradation 106:116 arg1 O33 175:177 Providencia alcalifaciens O33 149:177 Providencia alcalifaciens O33 149:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 3 28 theme stuartii 664:671 arg1 strain 677:682 a P. stuartii О52 strain 659:682 a P. stuartii О52 strain 659:682 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 1 29 theme Providencia 149:159 arg1 O33 175:177 Providencia alcalifaciens O33 149:177 Providencia alcalifaciens O33 149:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 3 30 theme О52 673:675 arg1 strain 677:682 a P. stuartii О52 strain 659:682 a P. stuartii О52 strain 659:682 Based on sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of the tetrasaccharide O-unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: Another O-polysaccharide structure has been reported earlier for Providencia stuartii О33 but later found to belong to a P. stuartii О52 strain. 24727107 2 31 theme oligosaccharides 288:303 arg1 Composition 269:279 Composition 269:279 Composition of the oligosaccharides 269:303 Composition of the oligosaccharides was inferred by ESI mass spectrometry. 24727107 1 32 theme alcalifaciens 161:173 arg1 O33 175:177 Providencia alcalifaciens O33 149:177 Providencia alcalifaciens O33 149:177 Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Providencia alcalifaciens O33 resulted in an O-polysaccharide along with core and O-unit-bearing core oligosaccharides. 24727107 0 33 theme Providencia 65:75 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 43:60 the lipopolysaccharide 39:60 the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia 39:75 Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O33. 28182762 13 0 theme infants 2353:2359 arg1 circumference 2332:2344 head circumference 2327:2344 head circumference 2327:2344 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 13 0 theme infants 2353:2359 arg1 weight 2286:2291 body weight 2281:2291 body weight 2281:2291 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 13 0 theme infants 2353:2359 arg1 length 2299:2304 body length 2294:2304 body length 2294:2304 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 13 0 theme infants 2353:2359 arg1 index 2317:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 4 1 theme status 762:767 arg1 FL 724:725 2'FL 722:725 2'FL 722:725 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 4 1 theme status 762:767 arg1 Fucosyllactose 706:719 breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose 692:719 breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 692:726 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 4 1 theme status 762:767 arg1 relation 741:748 the relation 737:748 (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth 732:786 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 11 2 theme milk 1954:1957 arg1 3'- 1959:1961 milk 3'- 1954:1961 milk 3'- 1954:1961 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations were independent of 2'FL. 28182762 9 3 theme growth 1751:1756 arg1 parameters 1758:1767 infant growth parameters 1744:1767 infant growth parameters 1744:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 6 4 theme following 1107:1115 arg1 FL 1142:1143 2'FL 1140:1143 2'FL 1140:1143 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 4 theme following 1107:1115 arg1 Sialyllactose 1200:1212 3'Sialyllactose 1198:1212 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) 1198:1219 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 4 theme following 1107:1115 arg1 Lacto-N-neotetraose 1170:1188 Lacto-N-neotetraose 1170:1188 Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) 1170:1195 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 4 theme following 1107:1115 arg1 Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) 1146:1167 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 4 theme following 1107:1115 arg1 HMOs 1134:1137 the following 5 representative HMOs 1103:1137 the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) 1103:1246 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 4 theme following 1107:1115 arg1 Sialyllactose 1227:1239 6'Sialyllactose 1225:1239 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) 1225:1246 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 5 5 from observatory 832:842 arg1 DESIGN 812:817 DESIGN 812:817 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center 812:857 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 5 from observatory 832:842 arg1 study 880:884 longitudinal cohort study 860:884 longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 860:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 4 6 theme infant 774:779 arg1 growth 781:786 infant growth 774:786 infant growth 774:786 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 12 7 theme FL 2078:2079 arg1 concentration 2059:2071 the concentration 2055:2071 the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, 2055:2100 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 13 8 theme head 2327:2330 arg1 circumference 2332:2344 head circumference 2327:2344 head circumference 2327:2344 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 15 9 from variation 2815:2823 arg1 HMOs 2828:2831 HMOs 2828:2831 HMOs 2828:2831 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 9 10 with groups 1732:1737 arg1 parameters 1758:1767 infant growth parameters 1744:1767 infant growth parameters 1744:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 3 11 with related 438:444 arg1 morbidity 504:512 morbidity 504:512 morbidity 504:512 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 3 11 with related 438:444 arg1 establishment 469:481 infant microbiota establishment 451:481 infant microbiota establishment 451:481 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 3 11 with related 438:444 arg1 eczema 544:549 IgE associated eczema 529:549 IgE associated eczema 529:549 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 3 11 with related 438:444 arg1 composition 560:570 body composition 555:570 body composition 555:570 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 3 11 with related 438:444 arg1 incidence 493:501 diarrhea incidence 484:501 diarrhea incidence 484:501 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 2 12 theme largest 245:251 arg1 components 253:262 the largest components 241:262 the largest components of human milk 241:276 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 14 13 theme FL 2549:2550 arg1 concentrations 2552:2565 2'FL concentrations 2547:2565 2'FL concentrations 2547:2565 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 1 14 theme Human 165:169 arg1 milk 171:174 BACKGROUND Human milk 154:174 BACKGROUND Human milk 154:174 BACKGROUND Human milk is the recommended and sole nutrient source for newborns. 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 FL 1142:1143 2'FL 1140:1143 2'FL 1140:1143 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 Sialyllactose 1200:1212 3'Sialyllactose 1198:1212 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) 1198:1219 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 Lacto-N-neotetraose 1170:1188 Lacto-N-neotetraose 1170:1188 Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) 1170:1195 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) 1146:1167 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 SL 1244:1245 6'SL 1242:1245 6'SL 1242:1245 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 LNnT 1191:1194 LNnT 1191:1194 LNnT 1191:1194 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 HMOs 1134:1137 the following 5 representative HMOs 1103:1137 the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) 1103:1246 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 Sialyllactose 1227:1239 6'Sialyllactose 1225:1239 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) 1225:1246 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 15 dep HMOs 1134:1137 arg1 SL 1217:1218 3'SL 1215:1218 3'SL 1215:1218 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 4 16 theme major 630:634 arg1 HMOs 651:654 several major representative HMOs 622:654 several major representative HMOs 622:654 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 9 17 theme mixed 1798:1802 arg1 models 1804:1809 linear mixed models 1791:1809 linear mixed models 1791:1809 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 8 18 theme anthropometric 1575:1588 arg1 measures 1590:1597 Infant anthropometric measures 1568:1597 Infant anthropometric measures 1568:1597 Infant anthropometric measures were recorded at birth, 1, 2 and 4 months of age. 28182762 3 19 theme associated 533:542 arg1 eczema 544:549 IgE associated eczema 529:549 IgE associated eczema 529:549 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 10 20 theme LNnT 1890:1893 arg1 concentrations 1895:1908 higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations 1869:1908 higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations 1869:1908 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 12 21 theme 1 2195:2195 arg1 month 2197:2201 month 2197:2201 month 2197:2201 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 7 22 theme high 1453:1456 arg1 concentrations 1458:1471 high concentrations 1453:1471 high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) 1453:1503 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 2 23 theme milk 273:276 arg1 components 253:262 the largest components 241:262 the largest components of human milk 241:276 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 10 24 with samples 1926:1932 arg1 FL 1946:1947 high 2'FL 1939:1947 high 2'FL 1939:1947 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 14 25 from clusters 2529:2536 arg1 concentrations 2487:2500 HMO concentrations 2483:2500 HMO concentrations over time of lactation 2483:2523 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 14 26 dep CONCLUSIONS 2455:2465 arg1 suggest 2601:2607 suggest 2601:2607 suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation 2601:2745 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 14 26 dep CONCLUSIONS 2455:2465 arg1 confirm 2567:2573 confirm 2567:2573 confirm previous observations 2567:2595 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 10 27 theme high 1939:1942 arg1 FL 1946:1947 high 2'FL 1939:1947 high 2'FL 1939:1947 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 1 28 theme sole 199:202 arg1 source 213:218 the recommended and sole nutrient source 179:218 source 213:218 BACKGROUND Human milk is the recommended and sole nutrient source for newborns. 28182762 6 29 dep Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 arg1 LNT 1164:1166 LNT 1164:1166 LNT 1164:1166 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 11 30 theme FL 2009:2010 arg1 concentrations 1972:1985 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations 1950:1985 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations 1950:1985 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations were independent of 2'FL. 28182762 11 30 theme FL 2009:2010 arg1 independent 1992:2002 independent 1992:2002 independent 1992:2002 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations were independent of 2'FL. 28182762 0 31 theme longitudinal 127:138 arg1 center 119:124 an observatory, single center 96:124 center 119:124 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 31 theme longitudinal 127:138 arg1 study 147:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 13 32 theme mass 2312:2315 arg1 index 2317:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 7 33 theme mg/L 1443:1446 arg1 mg/L 1443:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 33 theme mg/L 1443:1446 arg1 % 1424:1424 95% CI 1422:1427 95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L 1422:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 4 34 with relation 741:748 arg1 growth 781:786 infant growth 774:786 infant growth 774:786 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 6 35 theme representative 1119:1132 arg1 FL 1142:1143 2'FL 1140:1143 2'FL 1140:1143 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 35 theme representative 1119:1132 arg1 Sialyllactose 1200:1212 3'Sialyllactose 1198:1212 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) 1198:1219 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 35 theme representative 1119:1132 arg1 Lacto-N-neotetraose 1170:1188 Lacto-N-neotetraose 1170:1188 Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) 1170:1195 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 35 theme representative 1119:1132 arg1 Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 Lacto-N-tetraose 1146:1161 Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) 1146:1167 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 35 theme representative 1119:1132 arg1 HMOs 1134:1137 the following 5 representative HMOs 1103:1137 the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) 1103:1246 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 6 35 theme representative 1119:1132 arg1 Sialyllactose 1227:1239 6'Sialyllactose 1225:1239 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) 1225:1246 We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). 28182762 4 36 dep OBJECTIVES 573:582 arg1 investigated 587:598 investigated 587:598 investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life 587:809 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 7 37 theme mean 1432:1435 arg1 mg/L 1443:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 38 theme milk 1329:1332 arg1 concentrations 1339:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations 1316:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation 1316:1376 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 4 39 theme HMOs 651:654 arg1 dependence 608:617 the (i) dependence 600:617 the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life 600:809 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 14 40 theme lactation 2515:2523 arg1 time 2507:2510 time 2507:2510 time of lactation 2507:2523 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 13 41 theme body 2294:2297 arg1 length 2299:2304 body length 2294:2304 body length 2294:2304 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 7 42 theme CI 1426:1427 arg1 mg/L 1443:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 42 theme CI 1426:1427 arg1 % 1424:1424 95% CI 1422:1427 95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L 1422:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 14 43 from findings 2471:2478 arg1 concentrations 2487:2500 HMO concentrations 2483:2500 HMO concentrations over time of lactation 2483:2523 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 14 44 with co-regulated 2632:2643 arg1 concentration 2675:2687 the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration 2651:2687 the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration 2651:2687 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 14 44 with co-regulated 2632:2643 arg1 LNnT 2695:2698 LNnT 2695:2698 LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation 2695:2745 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 5 45 dep DESIGN 812:817 arg1 collected 1040:1048 collected 1040:1048 collected a representative sample of human milk 1040:1086 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 46 theme milk 1083:1086 arg1 sample 1067:1072 a representative sample 1050:1072 a representative sample of human milk 1050:1086 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 13 47 theme significant 2254:2264 arg1 differences 2266:2276 significant differences 2254:2276 significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition 2254:2452 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 7 48 from days 1360:1363 arg1 concentrations 1339:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations 1316:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation 1316:1376 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 9 49 theme quantified 1669:1678 arg1 HMOs 1680:1683 the quantified HMOs 1665:1683 the quantified HMOs 1665:1683 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 8 50 theme age 1644:1646 arg1 months 1634:1639 1, 2 and 4 months 1623:1639 1, 2 and 4 months of age 1623:1646 Infant anthropometric measures were recorded at birth, 1, 2 and 4 months of age. 28182762 8 50 theme age 1644:1646 arg1 birth 1616:1620 birth 1616:1620 birth 1616:1620 Infant anthropometric measures were recorded at birth, 1, 2 and 4 months of age. 28182762 5 51 theme days 945:948 arg1 postpartum 950:959 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum 929:959 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum 929:959 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 10 52 dep RESULTS 1812:1818 arg1 had 1865:1867 had 1865:1867 had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL 1865:1947 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 2 53 with oligosaccharides 281:296 arg1 constituents 316:327 major constituents 310:327 major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene 310:412 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 10 54 theme low 1842:1844 arg1 concentration 1851:1863 low 2'FL concentration 1842:1863 low 2'FL concentration 1842:1863 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 10 55 dep LNT 1876:1878 arg1 higher 1869:1874 higher 1869:1874 higher 1869:1874 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 4 56 dep months 796:801 arg1 up 788:789 up 788:789 up 788:789 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 0 57 dep growth 88:93 arg1 association 64:74 association 64:74 association to infants 64:85 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 57 dep growth 88:93 arg1 change 13:18 Longitudinal change 0:18 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides 0:58 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 15 58 theme FL 2860:2861 arg1 clusters 2863:2870 the high and low 2'FL clusters 2841:2870 the high and low 2'FL clusters 2841:2870 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 0 59 theme Longitudinal 0:11 arg1 change 13:18 Longitudinal change 0:18 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides 0:58 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 12 60 from onwards 2203:2209 arg1 concentration 2176:2188 relatively constant concentration 2156:2188 relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards 2156:2209 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 12 61 theme SL 2098:2099 arg1 FL 2078:2079 FL 2078:2079 FL 2078:2079 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 2 62 theme FUT2 393:396 arg1 gene 409:412 the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene 367:412 gene 409:412 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 5 63 from postpartum 950:959 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 64 theme male 1013:1016 arg1 infants 1028:1034 25 male singleton infants 1010:1034 25 male singleton infants 1010:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 7 65 theme milk 1264:1267 arg1 samples 1269:1275 milk samples 1264:1275 milk samples 1264:1275 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 5 66 theme open 827:830 arg1 observatory 832:842 an open observatory 824:842 an open observatory 824:842 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 66 theme open 827:830 arg1 center 852:857 single center 845:857 single center 845:857 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 7 67 theme lactation 1368:1376 arg1 days 1360:1363 30 days 1357:1363 30 days of lactation 1357:1376 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 12 68 theme lactation 2018:2026 arg1 time 2028:2031 lactation time 2018:2031 lactation time 2018:2031 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 0 69 theme human 32:36 arg1 oligosaccharides 43:58 selected human milk oligosaccharides 23:58 selected human milk oligosaccharides 23:58 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 13 70 theme FUT2 2403:2406 arg1 concentrations 2423:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 5 71 theme quantitative 891:902 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 15 72 theme infant 2886:2891 arg1 growth 2893:2898 infant growth 2886:2898 infant growth of either sex 2886:2912 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 2 73 theme major 310:314 arg1 constituents 316:327 major constituents 310:327 major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene 310:412 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 0 74 theme oligosaccharides 43:58 arg1 association 64:74 association 64:74 association to infants 64:85 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 74 theme oligosaccharides 43:58 arg1 change 13:18 Longitudinal change 0:18 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides 0:58 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 13 75 theme breast 2374:2379 arg1 milk 2381:2384 breast milk 2374:2384 breast milk 2374:2384 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 5 76 theme milk 910:913 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 9 77 theme FL 1724:1725 arg1 groups 1732:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups 1705:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters 1705:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 1 78 theme nutrient 204:211 arg1 source 213:218 the recommended and sole nutrient source 179:218 source 213:218 BACKGROUND Human milk is the recommended and sole nutrient source for newborns. 28182762 7 79 theme Secretor 1541:1548 arg1 mothers 1559:1565 Secretor negative mothers 1541:1565 Secretor negative mothers 1541:1565 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 5 80 theme longitudinal 860:871 arg1 DESIGN 812:817 DESIGN 812:817 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center 812:857 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 80 theme longitudinal 860:871 arg1 study 880:884 longitudinal cohort study 860:884 longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 860:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 7 81 theme mg/L 1499:1502 arg1 mg/L 1499:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 81 theme mg/L 1499:1502 arg1 % 1476:1476 95% CI 1474:1479 95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1474:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 2 82 theme fucosyltransferase 371:388 arg1 gene 409:412 the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene 367:412 gene 409:412 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 7 83 theme mean 1484:1487 arg1 mg/L 1499:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 9 84 theme infant 1744:1749 arg1 parameters 1758:1767 infant growth parameters 1744:1767 infant growth parameters 1744:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 3 85 theme microbiota 458:467 arg1 establishment 469:481 infant microbiota establishment 451:481 infant microbiota establishment 451:481 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 15 86 theme sex 2910:2912 arg1 growth 2893:2898 infant growth 2886:2898 infant growth of either sex 2886:2912 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 4 87 theme FL 759:760 arg1 status 762:767 the 2'FL status 753:767 the 2'FL status 753:767 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 7 88 theme CI 1478:1479 arg1 mg/L 1499:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 88 theme CI 1478:1479 arg1 % 1476:1476 95% CI 1474:1479 95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1474:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 13 89 from differences 2266:2276 arg1 circumference 2332:2344 head circumference 2327:2344 head circumference 2327:2344 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 13 89 from differences 2266:2276 arg1 weight 2286:2291 body weight 2281:2291 body weight 2281:2291 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 13 89 from differences 2266:2276 arg1 length 2299:2304 body length 2294:2304 body length 2294:2304 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 13 89 from differences 2266:2276 arg1 index 2317:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 7 90 dep concentrations 1458:1471 arg1 mg/L 1499:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1484:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 90 dep concentrations 1458:1471 arg1 % 1476:1476 95% CI 1474:1479 95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L 1474:1502 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 2 91 theme human 267:271 arg1 milk 273:276 human milk 267:276 human milk 267:276 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 14 92 theme previous 2575:2582 arg1 observations 2584:2595 previous observations 2575:2595 previous observations 2575:2595 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 12 93 dep 2 2123:2123 arg1 to 2120:2121 to 2120:2121 to 2120:2121 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 8 94 theme Infant 1568:1573 arg1 measures 1590:1597 Infant anthropometric measures 1568:1597 Infant anthropometric measures 1568:1597 Infant anthropometric measures were recorded at birth, 1, 2 and 4 months of age. 28182762 2 95 theme components 253:262 arg1 One 234:236 One 234:236 One 234:236 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 2 95 theme components 253:262 arg1 components 253:262 the largest components 241:262 the largest components of human milk 241:276 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 1 96 theme BACKGROUND 154:163 arg1 milk 171:174 BACKGROUND Human milk 154:174 BACKGROUND Human milk 154:174 BACKGROUND Human milk is the recommended and sole nutrient source for newborns. 28182762 10 97 with samples 1829:1835 arg1 concentration 1851:1863 low 2'FL concentration 1842:1863 low 2'FL concentration 1842:1863 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 15 98 dep months 2922:2927 arg1 up 2914:2915 up 2914:2915 up 2914:2915 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 9 99 theme linear 1791:1796 arg1 models 1804:1809 linear mixed models 1791:1809 linear mixed models 1791:1809 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 3 100 theme IgE 529:531 arg1 eczema 544:549 IgE associated eczema 529:549 IgE associated eczema 529:549 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 4 101 from dependence 608:617 arg1 status 668:673 the FUT2 status 659:673 the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life 659:809 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 4 102 theme several 622:628 arg1 HMOs 651:654 several major representative HMOs 622:654 several major representative HMOs 622:654 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 0 103 theme single 112:117 arg1 center 119:124 an observatory, single center 96:124 center 119:124 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 103 theme single 112:117 arg1 study 147:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 103 theme single 112:117 arg1 growth 88:93 growth 88:93 growth 88:93 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 14 104 theme dependent 2660:2668 arg1 concentration 2675:2687 the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration 2651:2687 the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration 2651:2687 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 4 105 dep relation 741:748 arg1 ii 733:734 ii 733:734 ii 733:734 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 4 106 with Fucosyllactose 706:719 arg1 growth 781:786 infant growth 774:786 infant growth 774:786 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 5 107 from infants 1028:1034 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 3 108 theme body 555:558 arg1 composition 560:570 body composition 555:570 body composition 555:570 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 15 109 theme age 2932:2934 arg1 months 2922:2927 4 months 2920:2927 4 months of age 2920:2934 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 7 110 theme FL 1336:1337 arg1 concentrations 1339:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations 1316:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation 1316:1376 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 4 111 theme life 806:809 arg1 months 796:801 4 months 794:801 4 months of life 794:809 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 0 112 theme cohort 140:145 arg1 center 119:124 an observatory, single center 96:124 center 119:124 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 112 theme cohort 140:145 arg1 study 147:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 13 113 theme body 2307:2310 arg1 index 2317:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 body mass index 2307:2321 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 7 114 dep concentrations 1406:1419 arg1 mg/L 1443:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 mean 12-42 mg/L 1432:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 7 114 dep concentrations 1406:1419 arg1 % 1424:1424 95% CI 1422:1427 95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L 1422:1446 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 4 115 theme FUT2 663:666 arg1 status 668:673 the FUT2 status 659:673 the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life 659:809 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 15 116 theme high 2845:2848 arg1 clusters 2863:2870 the high and low 2'FL clusters 2841:2870 the high and low 2'FL clusters 2841:2870 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 7 117 theme measured 1320:1327 arg1 concentrations 1339:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations 1316:1352 the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation 1316:1376 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 12 118 theme constant 2167:2174 arg1 concentration 2176:2188 relatively constant concentration 2156:2188 relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards 2156:2209 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 14 119 theme FL 2672:2673 arg1 concentration 2675:2687 the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration 2651:2687 the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration 2651:2687 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 10 120 theme milk 1824:1827 arg1 samples 1829:1835 The milk samples 1820:1835 The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration 1820:1863 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 4 121 theme representative 636:649 arg1 HMOs 651:654 several major representative HMOs 622:654 several major representative HMOs 622:654 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 5 122 theme human 1077:1081 arg1 milk 1083:1086 human milk 1077:1086 human milk 1077:1086 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 13 123 theme HMO 2419:2421 arg1 concentrations 2423:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 14 124 theme negative 2729:2736 arg1 relation 2738:2745 a negative relation 2727:2745 a positive and LNT a negative relation 2708:2745 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 10 125 theme FL 1848:1849 arg1 concentration 1851:1863 low 2'FL concentration 1842:1863 low 2'FL concentration 1842:1863 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 10 126 contain had 1865:1867 arg2 concentrations 1895:1908 higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations 1869:1908 higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations 1869:1908 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 10 126 contain had 1865:1867 arg1 samples 1829:1835 The milk samples 1820:1835 The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration 1820:1863 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 15 127 theme substantial 2803:2813 arg1 variation 2815:2823 the relatively substantial variation 2788:2823 the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters 2788:2870 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 14 128 theme LNT 2723:2725 arg1 relation 2738:2745 a negative relation 2727:2745 a positive and LNT a negative relation 2708:2745 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 0 129 theme observatory 99:109 arg1 center 119:124 an observatory, single center 96:124 center 119:124 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 129 theme observatory 99:109 arg1 study 147:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 longitudinal cohort study 127:151 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 0 129 theme observatory 99:109 arg1 growth 88:93 growth 88:93 growth 88:93 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 13 130 theme body 2281:2284 arg1 weight 2286:2291 body weight 2281:2291 body weight 2281:2291 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 5 131 theme single 845:850 arg1 observatory 832:842 an open observatory 824:842 an open observatory 824:842 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 131 theme single 845:850 arg1 center 852:857 single center 845:857 single center 845:857 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 7 132 theme corresponding 1281:1293 arg1 infants 1295:1301 corresponding infants 1281:1301 corresponding infants 1281:1301 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 14 133 theme positive 2710:2717 arg1 relation 2738:2745 a negative relation 2727:2745 a positive and LNT a negative relation 2708:2745 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 10 134 theme LNT 1876:1878 arg1 concentrations 1895:1908 higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations 1869:1908 higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations 1869:1908 RESULTS The milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. 28182762 14 135 theme HMO 2483:2485 arg1 concentrations 2487:2500 HMO concentrations 2483:2500 HMO concentrations over time of lactation 2483:2523 CONCLUSIONS Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. 28182762 2 136 dep gene 409:412 arg1 secretor 399:406 the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene 367:412 secretor 399:406 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 12 137 from drop 2047:2050 arg1 concentration 2059:2071 the concentration 2055:2071 the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, 2055:2100 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 7 138 theme low 1402:1404 arg1 concentrations 1406:1419 low concentrations 1402:1419 low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) 1402:1447 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 9 139 theme groups 1732:1737 arg1 relation 1693:1700 the relation 1689:1700 the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters 1689:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 9 139 theme groups 1732:1737 arg1 Relations 1649:1657 Relations 1649:1657 Relations among the quantified HMOs 1649:1683 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 11 140 theme SL 1969:1970 arg1 concentrations 1972:1985 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations 1950:1985 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations 1950:1985 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations were independent of 2'FL. 28182762 11 140 theme SL 1969:1970 arg1 independent 1992:2002 independent 1992:2002 independent 1992:2002 The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations were independent of 2'FL. 28182762 4 141 theme breast 692:697 arg1 milk 699:702 breast milk 2 692:704 breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 692:726 OBJECTIVES We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. 28182762 2 142 theme mother 347:352 arg1 genotype 354:361 the mother genotype 343:361 the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene 343:412 One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. 28182762 0 143 theme selected 23:30 arg1 oligosaccharides 43:58 selected human milk oligosaccharides 23:58 selected human milk oligosaccharides 23:58 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 9 144 theme high 1709:1712 arg1 groups 1732:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups 1705:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters 1705:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 0 145 theme milk 38:41 arg1 oligosaccharides 43:58 selected human milk oligosaccharides 23:58 selected human milk oligosaccharides 23:58 Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. 28182762 5 146 theme singleton 1018:1026 arg1 infants 1028:1034 25 male singleton infants 1010:1034 25 male singleton infants 1010:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 13 147 theme high 2398:2401 arg1 concentrations 2423:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 15 148 theme low 2854:2856 arg1 clusters 2863:2870 the high and low 2'FL clusters 2841:2870 the high and low 2'FL clusters 2841:2870 Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. 28182762 9 149 theme low 1718:1720 arg1 groups 1732:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups 1705:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters 1705:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 3 150 theme HMO 415:417 arg1 variation 419:427 HMO variation 415:427 HMO variation 415:427 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 5 151 from mothers 969:975 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 7 152 theme negative 1550:1557 arg1 mothers 1559:1565 Secretor negative mothers 1541:1565 Secretor negative mothers 1541:1565 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 28182762 13 153 theme associated 2408:2417 arg1 concentrations 2423:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 5 154 theme human 904:908 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 12 155 theme month 2197:2201 arg1 onwards 2203:2209 1 month onwards 2195:2209 1 month onwards 2195:2209 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 3 156 theme infant 451:456 arg1 establishment 469:481 infant microbiota establishment 451:481 infant microbiota establishment 451:481 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 12 157 theme LNT 2082:2084 arg1 FL 2078:2079 FL 2078:2079 FL 2078:2079 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 9 158 theme HMOs 1727:1730 arg1 groups 1732:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups 1705:1737 the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters 1705:1767 Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. 28182762 13 159 theme age 2230:2232 arg1 months 2220:2225 4 months 2218:2225 4 months of age 2218:2232 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 5 160 theme representative 1052:1065 arg1 sample 1067:1072 a representative sample 1050:1072 a representative sample of human milk 1050:1086 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 13 161 theme low 2391:2393 arg1 concentrations 2423:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations 2391:2436 Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. 28182762 5 162 theme cohort 873:878 arg1 DESIGN 812:817 DESIGN 812:817 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center 812:857 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 5 162 theme cohort 873:878 arg1 study 880:884 longitudinal cohort study 860:884 longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 860:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 12 163 theme LNnT 2087:2090 arg1 FL 2078:2079 FL 2078:2079 FL 2078:2079 Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. 28182762 5 164 with study 880:884 arg1 collection 915:924 quantitative human milk collection 891:924 quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants 891:1034 DESIGN From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. 28182762 3 165 theme diarrhea 484:491 arg1 incidence 493:501 diarrhea incidence 484:501 diarrhea incidence 484:501 HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. 28182762 7 166 dep samples 1269:1275 arg1 the 1260:1262 the 1260:1262 the 1260:1262 We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. 27064286 8 0 theme linear 1156:1161 arg1 groups 1166:1171 linear C4 groups 1156:1171 linear C4 groups 1156:1171 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 7 1 theme chain 996:1000 arg1 aggregation 1002:1012 side chain aggregation 991:1012 side chain aggregation 991:1012 Optimal LPS-NP interaction requires maximizing hydrophobicity, while avoiding side chain aggregation. 27064286 1 2 theme associative 170:180 arg1 forces 182:187 the associative forces 166:187 the associative forces between biomacromolecules 166:213 Hydrophobic interactions often dominate the associative forces between biomacromolecules. 27064286 6 3 dep chain 770:774 arg1 C8 784:785 C8 784:785 C8 784:785 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 6 3 dep chain 770:774 arg1 C6 777:778 C6 777:778 C6 777:778 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 8 4 theme C4 1163:1164 arg1 groups 1166:1171 linear C4 groups 1156:1171 linear C4 groups 1156:1171 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 0 5 from Hydrophobicity 7:20 arg1 Reagents 42:49 Abiotic Affinity Reagents 25:49 Abiotic Affinity Reagents 25:49 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 8 6 theme LPS 1046:1048 arg1 binding 1050:1056 high LPS binding 1041:1056 high LPS binding 1041:1056 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 8 7 with compositions 1023:1034 arg1 binding 1050:1056 high LPS binding 1041:1056 high LPS binding 1041:1056 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 6 8 theme alkyl 788:792 arg1 groups 794:799 the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups 759:799 the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs 759:819 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 6 9 theme hydrogel 808:815 arg1 NPs 817:819 the hydrogel NPs 804:819 the hydrogel NPs 804:819 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 7 10 theme LPS-NP 921:926 arg1 interaction 928:938 Optimal LPS-NP interaction 913:938 Optimal LPS-NP interaction 913:938 Optimal LPS-NP interaction requires maximizing hydrophobicity, while avoiding side chain aggregation. 27064286 8 11 from solution 1127:1134 arg1 clearance 1112:1120 LPS clearance 1108:1120 LPS clearance from solution 1108:1134 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 4 12 theme hydrophobic 470:480 arg1 groups 482:487 C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 464:487 C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 464:487 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 3 13 theme lipid-like 391:400 arg1 domains 402:408 lipid-like domains 391:408 lipid-like domains 391:408 We describe synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains. 27064286 8 14 theme Polymer 1015:1021 arg1 compositions 1023:1034 Polymer compositions 1015:1034 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding 1015:1056 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 5 15 theme C4 686:687 arg1 group 701:705 a linear C4 hydrocarbon group 677:705 a linear C4 hydrocarbon group 677:705 Optimal affinity was found for NPs incorporating a linear C4 hydrocarbon group. 27064286 4 16 theme C4-C8 464:468 arg1 groups 482:487 C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 464:487 C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 464:487 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 0 17 theme Lipid-like 106:115 arg1 Domains 117:123 Lipid-like Domains 106:123 Lipid-like Domains 106:123 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 5 18 theme hydrocarbon 689:699 arg1 group 701:705 a linear C4 hydrocarbon group 677:705 a linear C4 hydrocarbon group 677:705 Optimal affinity was found for NPs incorporating a linear C4 hydrocarbon group. 27064286 8 19 theme LPS 1197:1199 arg1 capacity 1211:1218 the highest LPS clearance capacity 1185:1218 the highest LPS clearance capacity 1185:1218 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 8 20 theme highest 1189:1195 arg1 capacity 1211:1218 the highest LPS clearance capacity 1185:1218 the highest LPS clearance capacity 1185:1218 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 8 21 theme clearance 1201:1209 arg1 capacity 1211:1218 the highest LPS clearance capacity 1185:1218 the highest LPS clearance capacity 1185:1218 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 4 22 theme copolymer 423:431 arg1 NPs 448:450 NPs 448:450 NPs 448:450 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 22 theme copolymer 423:431 arg1 nanoparticles 433:445 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles 411:445 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 411:487 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 0 23 theme Tuning 0:5 arg1 Hydrophobicity 7:20 Tuning Hydrophobicity 0:20 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 0:124 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 4 24 theme bacteria 618:625 arg1 membrane 592:599 the outer membrane 582:599 the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 582:625 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 5 25 theme linear 679:684 arg1 group 701:705 a linear C4 hydrocarbon group 677:705 a linear C4 hydrocarbon group 677:705 Optimal affinity was found for NPs incorporating a linear C4 hydrocarbon group. 27064286 8 26 theme agarose 1076:1082 arg1 beads 1084:1088 agarose beads 1076:1088 agarose beads 1076:1088 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 6 27 theme NMR 723:725 arg1 studies 727:733 H NMR studies 721:733 H NMR studies 721:733 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 8 28 theme high 1041:1044 arg1 binding 1050:1056 high LPS binding 1041:1056 high LPS binding 1041:1056 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 0 29 theme Abiotic 25:31 arg1 Reagents 42:49 Abiotic Affinity Reagents 25:49 Abiotic Affinity Reagents 25:49 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 0 30 dep Hydrophobicity 7:20 arg1 Reagents 78:85 Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents 52:85 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 0:124 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 0 31 with Molecules 91:99 arg1 Domains 117:123 Lipid-like Domains 106:123 Lipid-like Domains 106:123 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 8 32 contain containing 1145:1154 arg2 groups 1166:1171 linear C4 groups 1156:1171 linear C4 groups 1156:1171 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 8 32 contain containing 1145:1154 arg1 samples 1137:1143 samples 1137:1143 samples containing linear C4 groups 1137:1171 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 6 33 theme H 721:721 arg1 studies 727:733 H NMR studies 721:733 H NMR studies 721:733 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 6 34 from groups 794:799 arg1 NPs 817:819 the hydrogel NPs 804:819 the hydrogel NPs 804:819 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 6 35 theme chain 770:774 arg1 groups 794:799 the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups 759:799 the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs 759:819 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 0 36 theme Affinity 33:40 arg1 Reagents 42:49 Abiotic Affinity Reagents 25:49 Abiotic Affinity Reagents 25:49 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 4 37 theme outer 586:590 arg1 membrane 592:599 the outer membrane 582:599 the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 582:625 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 8 38 theme LPS 1108:1110 arg1 clearance 1112:1120 LPS clearance 1108:1120 LPS clearance from solution 1108:1134 Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. 27064286 0 39 theme Polymer 52:58 arg1 Reagents 78:85 Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents 52:85 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 0:124 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 3 40 theme affinity 335:342 arg1 reagents 344:351 abiotic affinity reagents 327:351 abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains 327:408 We describe synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains. 27064286 4 41 theme Gram-negative 604:616 arg1 bacteria 618:625 Gram-negative bacteria 604:625 Gram-negative bacteria 604:625 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 42 contain containing 453:462 arg2 groups 482:487 C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 464:487 C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 464:487 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 42 contain containing 453:462 arg1 NPs 448:450 NPs 448:450 NPs 448:450 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 42 contain containing 453:462 arg1 nanoparticles 433:445 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles 411:445 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 411:487 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 3 43 theme reagents 344:351 arg1 synthesis 314:322 synthesis 314:322 synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains 314:408 We describe synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains. 27064286 6 44 theme intrachain 837:846 arg1 association 848:858 intrachain association 837:858 intrachain association 837:858 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 4 45 theme NIPAm-based 411:421 arg1 NPs 448:450 NPs 448:450 NPs 448:450 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 45 theme NIPAm-based 411:421 arg1 nanoparticles 433:445 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles 411:445 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups 411:487 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 1 46 theme Hydrophobic 126:136 arg1 interactions 138:149 Hydrophobic interactions 126:149 Hydrophobic interactions 126:149 Hydrophobic interactions often dominate the associative forces between biomacromolecules. 27064286 4 47 theme membrane 592:599 arg1 affinity 514:521 their affinity 508:521 their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 508:551 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 47 theme membrane 592:599 arg1 component 569:577 the lipophilic component 554:577 the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 554:625 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 5 48 theme Optimal 628:634 arg1 affinity 636:643 Optimal affinity 628:643 Optimal affinity 628:643 Optimal affinity was found for NPs incorporating a linear C4 hydrocarbon group. 27064286 7 49 theme Optimal 913:919 arg1 interaction 928:938 Optimal LPS-NP interaction 913:938 Optimal LPS-NP interaction 913:938 Optimal LPS-NP interaction requires maximizing hydrophobicity, while avoiding side chain aggregation. 27064286 3 50 theme abiotic 327:333 arg1 reagents 344:351 abiotic affinity reagents 327:351 abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains 327:408 We describe synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains. 27064286 2 51 theme affinity 228:235 arg1 reagent 237:243 A synthetic affinity reagent 216:243 A synthetic affinity reagent 216:243 A synthetic affinity reagent must be able to exploit and optimize these interactions. 27064286 2 51 theme affinity 228:235 arg1 able 253:256 able 253:256 able 253:256 A synthetic affinity reagent must be able to exploit and optimize these interactions. 27064286 6 52 theme longer 763:768 arg1 chain 770:774 the longer chain 759:774 the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs 759:819 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 0 53 theme Affinity 69:76 arg1 Reagents 78:85 Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents 52:85 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 0:124 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 2 54 theme synthetic 218:226 arg1 reagent 237:243 A synthetic affinity reagent 216:243 A synthetic affinity reagent 216:243 A synthetic affinity reagent must be able to exploit and optimize these interactions. 27064286 2 54 theme synthetic 218:226 arg1 able 253:256 able 253:256 able 253:256 A synthetic affinity reagent must be able to exploit and optimize these interactions. 27064286 3 55 with biomacromolecules 368:384 arg1 domains 402:408 lipid-like domains 391:408 lipid-like domains 391:408 We describe synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains. 27064286 6 56 dep 1D 708:709 arg1 studies 727:733 H NMR studies 721:733 H NMR studies 721:733 1D and 2D (1)H NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. 27064286 0 57 theme Hydrogel 60:67 arg1 Reagents 78:85 Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents 52:85 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 0:124 Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains. 27064286 4 58 theme lipophilic 558:567 arg1 affinity 514:521 their affinity 508:521 their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 508:551 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 4 58 theme lipophilic 558:567 arg1 component 569:577 the lipophilic component 554:577 the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 554:625 NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 27064286 7 59 theme side 991:994 arg1 aggregation 1002:1012 side chain aggregation 991:1012 side chain aggregation 991:1012 Optimal LPS-NP interaction requires maximizing hydrophobicity, while avoiding side chain aggregation. 28538678 10 0 theme polyphenol 1537:1546 arg1 metabolites 1558:1568 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1537:1568 polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05) 1537:1579 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 10 0 theme polyphenol 1537:1546 arg1 < 1573:1573 p < 0.05 1571:1578 p < 0.05 1571:1578 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 3 1 theme human 534:538 arg1 microbiota 544:553 human gut microbiota 534:553 human gut microbiota 534:553 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 8 2 theme relative 1223:1230 arg1 abundance 1232:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 2 theme relative 1223:1230 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 10 3 theme p 1571:1571 arg1 metabolites 1558:1568 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1537:1568 polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05) 1537:1579 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 10 3 theme p 1571:1571 arg1 < 1573:1573 p < 0.05 1571:1578 p < 0.05 1571:1578 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 2 4 theme small 244:248 arg1 intestine 250:258 the small intestine 240:258 the small intestine 240:258 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 9 5 theme p 1446:1446 arg1 < 1448:1448 p < 0.05 1446:1453 p < 0.05 1446:1453 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 9 5 theme p 1446:1446 arg1 proportion 1404:1413 increased Proteobacteria proportion 1379:1413 increased Proteobacteria proportion 1379:1413 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 11 6 theme human 1796:1800 arg1 health 1802:1807 human health 1796:1807 human health 1796:1807 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 7 7 theme chain 1049:1053 arg1 SCFAs 1068:1072 SCFAs 1068:1072 SCFAs 1068:1072 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 7 7 theme chain 1049:1053 arg1 acids 1061:1065 Short chain fatty acids 1043:1065 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1043:1073 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 6 8 dep in 1020:1021 arg1 Situ 1023:1026 Situ 1023:1026 Situ 1023:1026 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 3 9 theme gut 540:542 arg1 microbiota 544:553 human gut microbiota 534:553 human gut microbiota 534:553 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 2 10 theme apple 201:205 arg1 polyphenols 207:217 apple polyphenols 201:217 apple polyphenols 201:217 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 4 11 from donors 799:804 arg1 feces 774:778 feces 774:778 feces from three healthy donors 774:804 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 8 12 theme increased 1198:1206 arg1 abundance 1232:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 12 theme increased 1198:1206 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 6 13 theme Fecal 903:907 arg1 composition 920:930 Fecal microbiota composition 903:930 Fecal microbiota composition 903:930 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 4 14 dep varieties-Renetta 608:624 arg1 Golden 634:639 Golden 634:639 Golden 634:639 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 4 14 dep varieties-Renetta 608:624 arg1 Delicious 641:649 Delicious 641:649 Delicious 641:649 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 5 15 theme plant 876:880 arg1 cellulose 818:826 cellulose 818:826 cellulose 818:826 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 15 theme plant 876:880 arg1 fiber 882:886 a poorly fermentable plant fiber 855:886 a poorly fermentable plant fiber 855:886 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 15 theme plant 876:880 arg1 Inulin 807:812 Inulin 807:812 Inulin 807:812 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 8 16 theme p 1280:1280 arg1 acetate 1243:1249 acetate 1243:1249 acetate 1243:1249 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 16 theme p 1280:1280 arg1 < 1282:1282 p < 0.05 1280:1287 p < 0.05 1280:1287 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 4 17 theme culture 716:722 arg1 model 732:736 a batch culture colonic model 708:736 a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors 708:804 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 0 18 theme Microbiota 51:60 arg1 Composition 62:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 6 19 theme MiSeq 971:975 arg1 sequencing 977:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing 948:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) 948:1001 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 6 19 theme MiSeq 971:975 arg1 region 995:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 10 20 dep levels 1526:1531 arg1 prausnitzii 1504:1514 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels 1487:1531 prausnitzii 1504:1514 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 1 21 theme rich 141:144 arg1 source 146:151 a rich source 139:151 a rich source of polyphenols and fiber 139:176 Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. 28538678 1 21 theme rich 141:144 arg1 Apples 128:133 Apples 128:133 Apples 128:133 Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. 28538678 6 22 theme gene 957:960 arg1 sequencing 977:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing 948:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) 948:1001 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 6 22 theme gene 957:960 arg1 region 995:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 11 23 from changes 1676:1682 arg1 composition 1698:1708 microbiota composition 1687:1708 microbiota composition 1687:1708 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 11 23 from changes 1676:1682 arg1 activity 1724:1731 metabolic activity 1714:1731 metabolic activity 1714:1731 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 0 24 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Composition 62:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 0 24 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Output 88:93 Metabolic Output 78:93 Metabolic Output 78:93 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 6 25 theme 16S 948:950 arg1 sequencing 977:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing 948:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) 948:1001 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 6 25 theme 16S 948:950 arg1 region 995:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 12 26 theme beneficial 1887:1896 arg1 effects 1898:1904 potential beneficial effects 1877:1904 potential beneficial effects 1877:1904 Human intervention studies are necessary to confirm these data and potential beneficial effects. 28538678 2 27 from absorption 226:235 arg1 intestine 250:258 the small intestine 240:258 the small intestine 240:258 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 6 28 theme in 1020:1021 arg1 Hybridization 1028:1040 Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization 1007:1040 Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization 1007:1040 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 0 29 theme Commercial 11:20 arg1 Varieties 28:36 Commercial Apple Varieties 11:36 Commercial Apple Varieties 11:36 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 3 30 theme apple 446:450 arg1 polyphenols 452:462 apple polyphenols 446:462 apple polyphenols 446:462 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 4 31 theme Pink 655:658 arg1 Lady-were 660:668 Pink Lady-were 655:668 Pink Lady-were 655:668 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 0 32 theme Varieties 28:36 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output 0:93 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 12 33 theme Human 1810:1814 arg1 studies 1829:1835 Human intervention studies 1810:1835 Human intervention studies 1810:1835 Human intervention studies are necessary to confirm these data and potential beneficial effects. 28538678 0 34 theme Human 41:45 arg1 Composition 62:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 11 35 dep induce 1657:1662 arg1 associated 1758:1767 associated 1758:1767 could be associated with potential benefits to human health 1749:1807 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 10 36 theme butyrate 1517:1524 arg1 levels 1526:1531 butyrate levels 1517:1531 butyrate levels 1517:1531 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 3 37 theme soluble 472:478 arg1 pectin 486:491 the soluble fiber pectin 468:491 the soluble fiber pectin 468:491 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 3 38 theme whole 518:522 arg1 apples 524:529 whole apples 518:529 whole apples 518:529 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 11 39 theme metabolic 1714:1722 arg1 activity 1724:1731 metabolic activity 1714:1731 metabolic activity 1714:1731 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 9 40 theme increased 1379:1387 arg1 < 1448:1448 p < 0.05 1446:1453 p < 0.05 1446:1453 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 9 40 theme increased 1379:1387 arg1 proportion 1404:1413 increased Proteobacteria proportion 1379:1413 increased Proteobacteria proportion 1379:1413 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 0 41 theme Gut 47:49 arg1 Composition 62:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Human Gut Microbiota Composition 41:72 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 4 42 theme apple 602:606 arg1 varieties-Renetta 608:624 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were 585:668 varieties-Renetta 608:624 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 10 43 theme microbial 1548:1556 arg1 metabolites 1558:1568 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1537:1568 polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05) 1537:1579 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 10 43 theme microbial 1548:1556 arg1 < 1573:1573 p < 0.05 1571:1578 p < 0.05 1571:1578 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 3 44 theme apples 524:529 arg1 effects 507:513 the effects 503:513 the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota 503:553 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 9 45 theme bifidobacteria 1419:1432 arg1 population 1434:1443 bifidobacteria population 1419:1443 bifidobacteria population 1419:1443 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 11 46 theme substantial 1664:1674 arg1 changes 1676:1682 substantial changes 1664:1682 substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity 1664:1731 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 7 47 theme fatty 1055:1059 arg1 SCFAs 1068:1072 SCFAs 1068:1072 SCFAs 1068:1072 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 7 47 theme fatty 1055:1059 arg1 acids 1061:1065 Short chain fatty acids 1043:1065 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1043:1073 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 3 48 from effects 507:513 arg1 microbiota 544:553 human gut microbiota 534:553 human gut microbiota 534:553 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 7 49 theme microbial 1090:1098 arg1 metabolites 1100:1110 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1079:1110 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1079:1110 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 8 50 theme Actinobacteria 1208:1221 arg1 abundance 1232:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 50 theme Actinobacteria 1208:1221 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 7 51 theme Short 1043:1047 arg1 SCFAs 1068:1072 SCFAs 1068:1072 SCFAs 1068:1072 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 7 51 theme Short 1043:1047 arg1 acids 1061:1065 Short chain fatty acids 1043:1065 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1043:1073 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 1 52 theme polyphenols 156:166 arg1 source 146:151 a rich source 139:151 a rich source of polyphenols and fiber 139:176 Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. 28538678 1 52 theme polyphenols 156:166 arg1 Apples 128:133 Apples 128:133 Apples 128:133 Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. 28538678 8 53 theme apple 1139:1143 arg1 varieties 1145:1153 The three apple varieties 1129:1153 The three apple varieties 1129:1153 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 0 54 theme Colonic 113:119 arg1 Model 121:125 an In Vitro Colonic Model 101:125 an In Vitro Colonic Model 101:125 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 5 55 used used 833:836 arg2 a 841:841 a 841:841 a readily 841:849 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 55 used used 833:836 arg2 fiber 882:886 a poorly fermentable plant fiber 855:886 a poorly fermentable plant fiber 855:886 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 55 used used 833:836 arg2 cellulose 818:826 cellulose 818:826 cellulose 818:826 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 55 used used 833:836 arg2 Inulin 807:812 Inulin 807:812 Inulin 807:812 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 1 56 theme fiber 172:176 arg1 source 146:151 a rich source 139:151 a rich source of polyphenols and fiber 139:176 Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. 28538678 1 56 theme fiber 172:176 arg1 Apples 128:133 Apples 128:133 Apples 128:133 Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. 28538678 2 57 theme polyphenols 207:217 arg1 proportion 187:196 A major proportion 179:196 A major proportion of apple polyphenols 179:217 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 8 58 theme bacterial 1177:1185 arg1 abundance 1232:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 increased Actinobacteria relative abundance 1198:1240 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 58 theme bacterial 1177:1185 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 58 theme bacterial 1177:1185 arg1 propionate 1252:1261 propionate 1252:1261 propionate 1252:1261 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 58 theme bacterial 1177:1185 arg1 SCFAs 1273:1277 total SCFAs 1267:1277 total SCFAs 1267:1277 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 58 theme bacterial 1177:1185 arg1 acetate 1243:1249 acetate 1243:1249 acetate 1243:1249 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 6 59 theme microbiota 909:918 arg1 composition 920:930 Fecal microbiota composition 903:930 Fecal microbiota composition 903:930 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 5 60 theme fermentable 864:874 arg1 cellulose 818:826 cellulose 818:826 cellulose 818:826 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 60 theme fermentable 864:874 arg1 fiber 882:886 a poorly fermentable plant fiber 855:886 a poorly fermentable plant fiber 855:886 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 5 60 theme fermentable 864:874 arg1 Inulin 807:812 Inulin 807:812 Inulin 807:812 Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. 28538678 8 61 theme total 1267:1271 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 bacterial diversity 1177:1195 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 8 61 theme total 1267:1271 arg1 SCFAs 1273:1277 total SCFAs 1267:1277 total SCFAs 1267:1277 The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). 28538678 4 62 dep model 732:736 arg1 pH 739:740 pH 5.5-6.0 739:748 pH 5.5-6.0 739:748 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 4 62 dep model 732:736 arg1 °C 754:755 37 °C 751:755 37 °C 751:755 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 2 63 theme non-digestible 278:291 arg1 polysaccharides 293:307 non-digestible polysaccharides 278:307 non-digestible polysaccharides 278:307 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 6 64 theme V3-V4 989:993 arg1 sequencing 977:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing 948:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) 948:1001 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 6 64 theme V3-V4 989:993 arg1 region 995:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 4 65 theme batch 710:714 arg1 model 732:736 a batch culture colonic model 708:736 a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors 708:804 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 0 66 theme Metabolic 78:86 arg1 Output 88:93 Metabolic Output 78:93 Metabolic Output 78:93 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 6 67 theme Illumina 962:969 arg1 sequencing 977:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing 948:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) 948:1001 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 6 67 theme Illumina 962:969 arg1 region 995:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 11 68 theme potential 1774:1782 arg1 benefits 1784:1791 potential benefits 1774:1791 potential benefits to human health 1774:1807 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 0 69 dep In 104:105 arg1 Vitro 107:111 Vitro 107:111 Vitro 107:111 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 6 70 theme rRNA 952:955 arg1 sequencing 977:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing 948:986 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) 948:1001 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 6 70 theme rRNA 952:955 arg1 region 995:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 V3-V4 region 989:1000 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 0 71 theme In 104:105 arg1 Model 121:125 an In Vitro Colonic Model 101:125 an In Vitro Colonic Model 101:125 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 2 72 theme bacterial 365:373 arg1 fermentation 375:386 bacterial fermentation 365:386 bacterial fermentation 365:386 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 4 73 theme colonic 724:730 arg1 model 732:736 a batch culture colonic model 708:736 a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors 708:804 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 3 74 theme synergistic 414:424 arg1 interaction 426:436 a synergistic interaction 412:436 a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin 412:491 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 0 75 theme Apple 22:26 arg1 Varieties 28:36 Commercial Apple Varieties 11:36 Commercial Apple Varieties 11:36 Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. 28538678 6 76 theme Fluorescence 1007:1018 arg1 Hybridization 1028:1040 Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization 1007:1040 Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization 1007:1040 Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. 28538678 10 77 theme Faecalibacterium 1487:1502 arg1 levels 1526:1531 butyrate levels 1517:1531 butyrate levels 1517:1531 Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). 28538678 11 78 theme microbiota 1687:1696 arg1 composition 1698:1708 microbiota composition 1687:1708 microbiota composition 1687:1708 Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. 28538678 12 79 theme potential 1877:1885 arg1 effects 1898:1904 potential beneficial effects 1877:1904 potential beneficial effects 1877:1904 Human intervention studies are necessary to confirm these data and potential beneficial effects. 28538678 7 80 theme polyphenol 1079:1088 arg1 metabolites 1100:1110 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1079:1110 polyphenol microbial metabolites 1079:1110 Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. 28538678 3 81 theme Animal 389:394 arg1 studies 396:402 Animal studies 389:402 Animal studies 389:402 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 2 82 theme major 181:185 arg1 proportion 187:196 A major proportion 179:196 A major proportion of apple polyphenols 179:217 A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. 28538678 4 83 theme healthy 791:797 arg1 donors 799:804 three healthy donors 785:804 three healthy donors 785:804 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 9 84 theme Bacteroidetes 1351:1363 arg1 abundance 1365:1373 Bacteroidetes abundance 1351:1373 Bacteroidetes abundance 1351:1373 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 12 85 theme intervention 1816:1827 arg1 studies 1829:1835 Human intervention studies 1810:1835 Human intervention studies 1810:1835 Human intervention studies are necessary to confirm these data and potential beneficial effects. 28538678 4 86 theme commercial 591:600 arg1 varieties-Renetta 608:624 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were 585:668 varieties-Renetta 608:624 Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. 28538678 3 87 theme fiber 480:484 arg1 pectin 486:491 the soluble fiber pectin 468:491 the soluble fiber pectin 468:491 Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. 28538678 9 88 theme Proteobacteria 1389:1402 arg1 < 1448:1448 p < 0.05 1446:1453 p < 0.05 1446:1453 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 28538678 9 88 theme Proteobacteria 1389:1402 arg1 proportion 1404:1413 increased Proteobacteria proportion 1379:1413 increased Proteobacteria proportion 1379:1413 Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). 25465785 7 0 theme initial 1192:1198 arg1 activity 1200:1207 its initial activity 1188:1207 its initial activity 1188:1207 After repeated twelve runs, immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 75% of its initial activity. 25465785 2 1 with biocatalysts 366:377 arg1 activity 447:454 enzyme activity 440:454 enzyme activity 440:454 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 2 1 with biocatalysts 366:377 arg1 efficiency 428:437 high immobilization efficiency 408:437 high immobilization efficiency 408:437 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 2 1 with biocatalysts 366:377 arg1 leakage 395:401 low enzyme leakage 384:401 low enzyme leakage 384:401 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 2 1 with biocatalysts 366:377 arg1 recyclability 461:473 recyclability 461:473 recyclability 461:473 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 2 2 theme stable 348:353 arg1 biocatalysts 366:377 stable and active biocatalysts 348:377 stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability 348:473 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 1 3 theme bead 246:249 arg1 synthesis 202:210 the synthesis 198:210 the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 198:249 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. 25465785 5 4 theme immobilized 780:790 arg1 β-glucosidase 792:804 the immobilized β-glucosidase 776:804 the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead 776:830 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 5 4 theme immobilized 780:790 arg1 able 836:839 able 836:839 able 836:839 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 5 5 from β-glucosidase 792:804 arg1 bead 827:830 the hybrid matrix bead 809:830 the hybrid matrix bead 809:830 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 4 6 theme surface 696:702 arg1 morphology 704:713 surface morphology 696:713 surface morphology 696:713 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 4 6 theme surface 696:702 arg1 groups 675:680 its functionalized groups 656:680 its functionalized groups 656:680 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 0 7 from residue 169:175 arg1 production 113:122 the production 109:122 the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue 109:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 8 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 niger 49:53 Aspergillus niger 37:53 Aspergillus niger 37:53 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 8 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 matrix 79:84 κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix 58:84 κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix 58:84 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 8 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 application 94:104 its application 90:104 its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue 90:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 4 9 theme functionalized 660:673 arg1 stability 727:735 thermal stability 719:735 thermal stability 719:735 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 4 9 theme functionalized 660:673 arg1 composition 683:693 composition 683:693 composition 683:693 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 4 9 theme functionalized 660:673 arg1 morphology 704:713 surface morphology 696:713 surface morphology 696:713 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 4 9 theme functionalized 660:673 arg1 groups 675:680 its functionalized groups 656:680 its functionalized groups 656:680 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 6 10 theme macroalgae 993:1002 arg1 MCR 1024:1026 MCR 1024:1026 MCR 1024:1026 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 6 10 theme macroalgae 993:1002 arg1 residue 1015:1021 pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue 982:1021 pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar 982:1064 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 6 11 theme pretreated 982:991 arg1 MCR 1024:1026 MCR 1024:1026 MCR 1024:1026 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 6 11 theme pretreated 982:991 arg1 residue 1015:1021 pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue 982:1021 pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar 982:1064 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 4 12 theme thermal 719:725 arg1 groups 675:680 its functionalized groups 656:680 its functionalized groups 656:680 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 4 12 theme thermal 719:725 arg1 stability 727:735 thermal stability 719:735 thermal stability 719:735 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 5 13 theme pH 870:871 arg1 values 873:878 pH values 870:878 pH values 870:878 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 2 14 theme enzyme 388:393 arg1 leakage 395:401 low enzyme leakage 384:401 low enzyme leakage 384:401 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 5 15 theme free 756:759 arg1 β-glucosidase 761:773 the free β-glucosidase 752:773 the free β-glucosidase 752:773 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 0 16 from niger 49:53 arg1 β-glucosidase 18:30 β-glucosidase 18:30 β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger 18:53 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 16 from niger 49:53 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 0:176 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 5 17 theme matrix 820:825 arg1 bead 827:830 the hybrid matrix bead 809:830 the hybrid matrix bead 809:830 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 3 18 theme activation 536:545 arg1 time 547:550 activation time 536:550 activation time 536:550 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 1 19 theme novel 180:184 arg1 concept 186:192 A novel concept 178:192 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 178:249 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. 25465785 2 20 theme enzyme 440:445 arg1 activity 447:454 enzyme activity 440:454 enzyme activity 440:454 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 7 21 theme activity 1200:1207 arg1 activity 1200:1207 its initial activity 1188:1207 its initial activity 1188:1207 After repeated twelve runs, immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 75% of its initial activity. 25465785 7 21 theme activity 1200:1207 arg1 % 1183:1183 about 75% 1175:1183 about 75% of its initial activity 1175:1207 After repeated twelve runs, immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 75% of its initial activity. 25465785 6 22 theme hydrolysis 1072:1081 arg1 yield 1083:1087 a hydrolysis yield 1070:1087 a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% 1070:1096 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 6 23 used used 964:967 arg2 β-glucosidase 941:953 The immobilized β-glucosidase 925:953 The immobilized β-glucosidase 925:953 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 5 24 theme values 873:878 arg1 temperature 900:910 higher reaction temperature 884:910 higher reaction temperature 884:910 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 5 24 theme values 873:878 arg1 range 861:865 broader range 853:865 broader range of pH values 853:878 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 6 25 theme cellulosic 1004:1013 arg1 MCR 1024:1026 MCR 1024:1026 MCR 1024:1026 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 6 25 theme cellulosic 1004:1013 arg1 residue 1015:1021 pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue 982:1021 pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar 982:1064 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 3 26 theme PEI 566:568 arg1 solution 570:577 the PEI solution 562:577 the PEI solution 562:577 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 6 27 theme sugar 1060:1064 arg1 production 1037:1046 the production 1033:1046 the production of reducing sugar 1033:1064 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 7 28 theme immobilized 1140:1150 arg1 β-glucosidase 1152:1164 immobilized β-glucosidase 1140:1164 immobilized β-glucosidase 1140:1164 After repeated twelve runs, immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 75% of its initial activity. 25465785 0 29 theme reducing 127:134 arg1 sugar 136:140 reducing sugar 127:140 reducing sugar 127:140 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 2 30 theme high 408:411 arg1 efficiency 428:437 high immobilization efficiency 408:437 high immobilization efficiency 408:437 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 2 31 theme immobilization 413:426 arg1 efficiency 428:437 high immobilization efficiency 408:437 high immobilization efficiency 408:437 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 3 32 theme PEI 517:519 arg1 concentration 521:533 PEI concentration 517:533 PEI concentration 517:533 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 5 33 theme broader 853:859 arg1 range 861:865 broader range 853:865 broader range of pH values 853:878 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 0 34 theme Aspergillus 37:47 arg1 niger 49:53 Aspergillus niger 37:53 Aspergillus niger 37:53 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 35 theme sugar 136:140 arg1 production 113:122 the production 109:122 the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue 109:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 36 from matrix 79:84 arg1 production 113:122 the production 109:122 the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue 109:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 4 37 theme formulated 616:625 arg1 beads 627:631 All formulated beads 612:631 All formulated beads 612:631 All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. 25465785 0 38 theme κ-carrageenan 58:70 arg1 matrix 79:84 κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix 58:84 κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix 58:84 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 5 39 theme higher 884:889 arg1 temperature 900:910 higher reaction temperature 884:910 higher reaction temperature 884:910 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 0 40 theme cellulosic 158:167 arg1 residue 169:175 macroalgae cellulosic residue 147:175 macroalgae cellulosic residue 147:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 3 41 theme solution 570:577 arg1 time 547:550 activation time 536:550 activation time 536:550 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 3 41 theme solution 570:577 arg1 pH 556:557 pH 556:557 pH of the PEI solution 556:577 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 3 41 theme solution 570:577 arg1 concentration 521:533 PEI concentration 517:533 PEI concentration 517:533 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 6 42 theme % 1096:1096 arg1 yield 1083:1087 a hydrolysis yield 1070:1087 a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% 1070:1096 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 3 43 theme immobilization 480:493 arg1 time 547:550 activation time 536:550 activation time 536:550 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 3 43 theme immobilization 480:493 arg1 conditions 495:504 The immobilization conditions 476:504 The immobilization conditions 476:504 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 3 43 theme immobilization 480:493 arg1 pH 556:557 pH 556:557 pH of the PEI solution 556:577 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 3 43 theme immobilization 480:493 arg1 concentration 521:533 PEI concentration 517:533 PEI concentration 517:533 The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. 25465785 5 44 theme hybrid 813:818 arg1 bead 827:830 the hybrid matrix bead 809:830 the hybrid matrix bead 809:830 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 6 45 theme immobilized 929:939 arg1 β-glucosidase 941:953 The immobilized β-glucosidase 925:953 The immobilized β-glucosidase 925:953 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 0 46 theme macroalgae 147:156 arg1 residue 169:175 macroalgae cellulosic residue 147:175 macroalgae cellulosic residue 147:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 2 47 theme enzyme 315:320 arg1 immobilization 322:335 enzyme immobilization 315:335 enzyme immobilization 315:335 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 1 48 theme stable 217:222 arg1 bead 246:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. 25465785 5 49 dep 60 918:919 arg1 to 915:916 to 915:916 to 915:916 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 5 50 dep range 861:865 arg1 °C 921:922 up to 60 °C 912:922 up to 60 °C 912:922 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 1 51 theme polymer 224:230 arg1 bead 246:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. 25465785 0 52 from application 94:104 arg1 production 113:122 the production 109:122 the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue 109:175 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 6 53 theme reducing 1051:1058 arg1 sugar 1060:1064 reducing sugar 1051:1064 reducing sugar 1051:1064 The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. 25465785 2 54 theme active 359:364 arg1 biocatalysts 366:377 stable and active biocatalysts 348:377 stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability 348:473 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 2 55 theme low 384:386 arg1 leakage 395:401 low enzyme leakage 384:401 low enzyme leakage 384:401 The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. 25465785 1 56 theme hybrid 232:237 arg1 bead 246:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. 25465785 0 57 theme hybrid 72:77 arg1 matrix 79:84 κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix 58:84 κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix 58:84 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 0 58 theme β-glucosidase 18:30 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 0:176 Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. 25465785 5 59 theme reaction 891:898 arg1 temperature 900:910 higher reaction temperature 884:910 higher reaction temperature 884:910 Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. 25465785 1 60 theme matrix 239:244 arg1 bead 246:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead 215:249 A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. 27466974 11 0 theme capillary 1375:1383 arg1 action 1385:1390 capillary action 1375:1390 capillary action 1375:1390 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 12 1 dep have 1577:1580 arg1 crumb 1600:1604 crumb 1600:1604 crumb hydration duration and capacity 1600:1636 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 7 2 theme properties 982:991 arg1 assessment 942:951 the assessment 938:951 the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties 938:991 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 11 3 theme action 1385:1390 arg1 importance 1361:1370 the importance 1357:1370 the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms 1357:1420 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 9 4 theme denser 1174:1179 arg1 semi-industrial 1181:1195 denser semi-industrial 1174:1195 denser semi-industrial 1174:1195 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 12 5 theme high 1489:1492 arg1 density 1494:1500 The high density 1485:1500 The high density of these small cells 1485:1521 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 9 6 theme traditional 1214:1224 arg1 baguettes 1226:1234 traditional baguettes 1214:1234 traditional baguettes 1214:1234 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 5 7 theme real-time 617:625 arg1 measurement 627:637 the real-time measurement 613:637 the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples 613:670 An experimental set-up was developed for the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples. 27466974 7 8 theme crumb 956:960 arg1 properties 982:991 crumb micro-architectural properties 956:991 crumb micro-architectural properties 956:991 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 2 9 dep taste 317:321 arg1 perceptions 342:352 perceptions 342:352 perceptions 342:352 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 7 10 theme X-ray 902:906 arg1 tomography 923:932 X-ray micro-computed tomography 902:932 X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties 902:991 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 12 11 theme cells 1517:1521 arg1 density 1494:1500 The high density 1485:1500 The high density of these small cells 1485:1521 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 13 12 theme functional 1778:1787 arg1 properties 1789:1798 functional properties 1778:1798 functional properties 1778:1798 As a consequence, accounting for microstructural features resulting from bread formulation may provide useful leverages for the control of functional properties. 27466974 12 13 dep crumb 1600:1604 arg1 both 1592:1595 both 1592:1595 both 1592:1595 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 13 14 theme bread 1712:1716 arg1 formulation 1718:1728 bread formulation 1712:1728 bread formulation 1712:1728 As a consequence, accounting for microstructural features resulting from bread formulation may provide useful leverages for the control of functional properties. 27466974 8 15 theme Distinct 994:1001 arg1 behaviors 1013:1021 Distinct hydration behaviors 994:1021 Distinct hydration behaviors 994:1021 Distinct hydration behaviors were observed for the four types of bread. 27466974 11 16 theme cells 1445:1449 arg1 role 1437:1440 a strong role 1428:1440 a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below 1428:1482 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 6 17 theme Mathematical 673:684 arg1 models 686:691 Mathematical models 673:691 Mathematical models 673:691 Mathematical models were then fitted to extract quantitative parameters of use for the description and the understanding of experimental observations. 27466974 12 18 theme small 1511:1515 arg1 cells 1517:1521 these small cells 1505:1521 these small cells 1505:1521 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 11 19 theme hydration 1401:1409 arg1 mechanisms 1411:1420 crumb hydration mechanisms 1395:1420 crumb hydration mechanisms 1395:1420 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 1 20 contain have 153:156 arg1 mechanisms 142:151 hydration mechanisms 132:151 hydration mechanisms 132:151 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 1 20 contain have 153:156 arg2 influence 164:172 a key influence 158:172 a key influence 158:172 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 5 21 theme experimental 575:586 arg1 set-up 588:593 An experimental set-up 572:593 An experimental set-up 572:593 An experimental set-up was developed for the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples. 27466974 7 22 theme crumb 839:843 arg1 samples 845:851 bread crumb samples 833:851 bread crumb samples 833:851 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 1 23 theme key 160:162 arg1 influence 164:172 a key influence 158:172 a key influence 158:172 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 13 24 theme properties 1789:1798 arg1 control 1767:1773 the control 1763:1773 the control of functional properties 1763:1798 As a consequence, accounting for microstructural features resulting from bread formulation may provide useful leverages for the control of functional properties. 27466974 8 25 theme hydration 1003:1011 arg1 behaviors 1013:1021 Distinct hydration behaviors 994:1021 Distinct hydration behaviors 994:1021 Distinct hydration behaviors were observed for the four types of bread. 27466974 1 26 theme oral 78:81 arg1 processing 83:92 oral processing 78:92 oral processing 78:92 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 11 27 theme strong 1430:1435 arg1 role 1437:1440 a strong role 1428:1440 a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below 1428:1482 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 11 28 from importance 1361:1370 arg1 mechanisms 1411:1420 crumb hydration mechanisms 1395:1420 crumb hydration mechanisms 1395:1420 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 4 29 theme baguettes 503:511 arg1 types 487:491 Four types 482:491 Four types of French baguettes 482:511 Four types of French baguettes were considered, varying in structure and/or compositions. 27466974 13 30 theme microstructural 1672:1686 arg1 features 1688:1695 microstructural features 1672:1695 microstructural features resulting from bread formulation 1672:1728 As a consequence, accounting for microstructural features resulting from bread formulation may provide useful leverages for the control of functional properties. 27466974 6 31 theme use 748:750 arg1 parameters 734:743 quantitative parameters 721:743 quantitative parameters of use 721:750 Mathematical models were then fitted to extract quantitative parameters of use for the description and the understanding of experimental observations. 27466974 8 32 theme bread 1059:1063 arg1 types 1050:1054 the four types 1041:1054 the four types of bread 1041:1063 Distinct hydration behaviors were observed for the four types of bread. 27466974 4 33 theme French 496:501 arg1 baguettes 503:511 French baguettes 496:511 French baguettes 496:511 Four types of French baguettes were considered, varying in structure and/or compositions. 27466974 5 34 theme crumb 658:662 arg1 samples 664:670 crumb samples 658:670 crumb samples 658:670 An experimental set-up was developed for the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples. 27466974 7 35 theme micro-computed 908:921 arg1 tomography 923:932 X-ray micro-computed tomography 902:932 X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties 902:991 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 12 36 theme hydration 1606:1614 arg1 duration 1616:1623 hydration duration 1606:1623 hydration duration 1606:1623 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 1 37 theme functional 181:190 arg1 properties 192:201 the functional properties 177:201 the functional properties of food 177:209 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 0 38 theme bread 12:16 arg1 Kinetics 0:7 Kinetics 0:7 Kinetics of bread 0:16 Kinetics of bread crumb hydration as related to porous microstructure. 27466974 11 39 with cells 1445:1449 arg1 below 1478:1482 below 1478:1482 below 1478:1482 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 11 39 with cells 1445:1449 arg1 diameters 1456:1464 diameters 1456:1464 diameters of 2 mm 1456:1472 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 10 40 theme hydration 1296:1304 arg1 behavior 1306:1313 hydration behavior 1296:1313 hydration behavior 1296:1313 However, crumb porosity alone is not sufficient to predict hydration behavior. 27466974 1 41 theme hydration 132:140 arg1 mechanisms 142:151 hydration mechanisms 132:151 hydration mechanisms 132:151 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 3 42 theme porous 428:433 arg1 micro-architecture 435:452 crumb porous micro-architecture 422:452 crumb porous micro-architecture 422:452 In this context, the aim of the present study is to understand how crumb porous micro-architecture impacts hydration kinetics. 27466974 9 43 theme industrial 1122:1131 arg1 baguettes 1133:1141 industrial baguettes 1122:1141 industrial baguettes (highest porosity) 1122:1160 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 9 43 theme industrial 1122:1131 arg1 porosity 1152:1159 highest porosity 1144:1159 highest porosity 1144:1159 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 3 44 theme present 387:393 arg1 study 395:399 the present study 383:399 the present study 383:399 In this context, the aim of the present study is to understand how crumb porous micro-architecture impacts hydration kinetics. 27466974 7 45 theme bread 833:837 arg1 samples 845:851 bread crumb samples 833:851 bread crumb samples 833:851 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 3 46 theme study 395:399 arg1 aim 376:378 the aim 372:378 the aim of the present study 372:399 In this context, the aim of the present study is to understand how crumb porous micro-architecture impacts hydration kinetics. 27466974 2 47 with case 224:227 arg1 bread 234:238 bread 234:238 bread 234:238 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 9 48 theme whole 1198:1202 arg1 wheat 1204:1208 whole wheat 1198:1208 whole wheat 1198:1208 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 11 49 theme crumb 1395:1399 arg1 mechanisms 1411:1420 crumb hydration mechanisms 1395:1420 crumb hydration mechanisms 1395:1420 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 6 50 theme quantitative 721:732 arg1 parameters 734:743 quantitative parameters 721:743 quantitative parameters of use 721:750 Mathematical models were then fitted to extract quantitative parameters of use for the description and the understanding of experimental observations. 27466974 3 51 theme crumb 422:426 arg1 micro-architecture 435:452 crumb porous micro-architecture 422:452 crumb porous micro-architecture 422:452 In this context, the aim of the present study is to understand how crumb porous micro-architecture impacts hydration kinetics. 27466974 13 52 theme useful 1742:1747 arg1 leverages 1749:1757 useful leverages 1742:1757 useful leverages 1742:1757 As a consequence, accounting for microstructural features resulting from bread formulation may provide useful leverages for the control of functional properties. 27466974 13 52 theme useful 1742:1747 arg1 consequence 1644:1654 a consequence 1642:1654 a consequence 1642:1654 As a consequence, accounting for microstructural features resulting from bread formulation may provide useful leverages for the control of functional properties. 27466974 5 53 theme water 642:646 arg1 uptake 648:653 water uptake 642:653 water uptake 642:653 An experimental set-up was developed for the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples. 27466974 9 54 theme highest 1144:1150 arg1 baguettes 1133:1141 industrial baguettes 1122:1141 industrial baguettes (highest porosity) 1122:1160 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 9 54 theme highest 1144:1150 arg1 porosity 1152:1159 highest porosity 1144:1159 highest porosity 1144:1159 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 1 55 theme digestion 113:121 arg1 process 123:129 the digestion process 109:129 the digestion process 109:129 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 5 56 theme uptake 648:653 arg1 measurement 627:637 the real-time measurement 613:637 the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples 613:670 An experimental set-up was developed for the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples. 27466974 6 57 theme observations 810:821 arg1 description 760:770 the description 756:770 the description 756:770 Mathematical models were then fitted to extract quantitative parameters of use for the description and the understanding of experimental observations. 27466974 6 57 theme observations 810:821 arg1 understanding 780:792 the understanding 776:792 the understanding of experimental observations 776:821 Mathematical models were then fitted to extract quantitative parameters of use for the description and the understanding of experimental observations. 27466974 2 58 theme hydrolysis 295:304 arg1 taste 317:321 taste 317:321 taste 317:321 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 2 58 theme hydrolysis 295:304 arg1 kinetics 276:283 the kinetics 272:283 the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions 272:352 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 2 58 theme hydrolysis 295:304 arg1 texture 334:340 texture 334:340 texture 334:340 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 2 58 theme hydrolysis 295:304 arg1 aroma 324:328 aroma 324:328 aroma 324:328 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 10 59 theme crumb 1246:1250 arg1 porosity 1252:1259 crumb porosity 1246:1259 crumb porosity alone 1246:1265 However, crumb porosity alone is not sufficient to predict hydration behavior. 27466974 12 60 theme high 1533:1536 arg1 probabilities 1554:1566 high interconnection probabilities 1533:1566 high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity 1533:1636 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 6 61 theme experimental 797:808 arg1 observations 810:821 experimental observations 797:821 experimental observations 797:821 Mathematical models were then fitted to extract quantitative parameters of use for the description and the understanding of experimental observations. 27466974 12 62 contain have 1577:1580 arg2 impact 1585:1590 an impact 1582:1590 an impact 1582:1590 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 12 62 contain have 1577:1580 arg1 probabilities 1554:1566 high interconnection probabilities 1533:1566 high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity 1533:1636 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 2 63 theme starch 288:293 arg1 hydrolysis 295:304 starch hydrolysis 288:304 starch hydrolysis 288:304 This is the case with bread, for which hydration may affect the kinetics of starch hydrolysis as well as taste, aroma and texture perceptions. 27466974 1 64 theme food 206:209 arg1 properties 192:201 the functional properties 177:201 the functional properties of food 177:209 During oral processing and throughout the digestion process, hydration mechanisms have a key influence on the functional properties of food. 27466974 3 65 theme hydration 462:470 arg1 kinetics 472:479 hydration kinetics 462:479 hydration kinetics 462:479 In this context, the aim of the present study is to understand how crumb porous micro-architecture impacts hydration kinetics. 27466974 11 66 theme mm 1471:1472 arg1 diameters 1456:1464 diameters 1456:1464 diameters of 2 mm 1456:1472 This study made it possible to point out the importance of capillary action in crumb hydration mechanisms, with a strong role of cells with diameters of 2 mm and below. 27466974 0 67 theme porous 48:53 arg1 microstructure 55:68 porous microstructure 48:68 porous microstructure 48:68 Kinetics of bread crumb hydration as related to porous microstructure. 27466974 9 68 theme Higher 1066:1071 arg1 rates 1083:1087 Higher hydration rates 1066:1087 Higher hydration rates 1066:1087 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 12 69 theme interconnection 1538:1552 arg1 probabilities 1554:1566 high interconnection probabilities 1533:1566 high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity 1533:1636 The high density of these small cells generates high interconnection probabilities that may have an impact both on crumb hydration duration and capacity. 27466974 7 70 theme micro-architectural 962:980 arg1 properties 982:991 crumb micro-architectural properties 956:991 crumb micro-architectural properties 956:991 Finally, bread crumb samples were analyzed before and after hydration through X-ray micro-computed tomography for the assessment of crumb micro-architectural properties. 27466974 9 71 theme hydration 1073:1081 arg1 rates 1083:1087 Higher hydration rates 1066:1087 Higher hydration rates 1066:1087 Higher hydration rates and capacities were reported for industrial baguettes (highest porosity) compared to denser semi-industrial, whole wheat and traditional baguettes. 27466974 5 72 from measurement 627:637 arg1 samples 664:670 crumb samples 658:670 crumb samples 658:670 An experimental set-up was developed for the real-time measurement of water uptake in crumb samples. 26575712 9 0 theme films 906:910 arg1 affinity 894:901 Surface affinity 886:901 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water 886:944 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water increased with rapeseed oil addition. 26575712 1 1 theme rapeseed 152:159 arg1 oil 161:163 rapeseed oil 152:163 rapeseed oil 152:163 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 8 2 theme contact 831:837 arg1 angle 839:843 the contact angle 827:843 the contact angle for all liquid tested 827:865 Addition of lipids always decreases the contact angle for all liquid tested, except for water. 26575712 10 3 theme oxygen 1052:1057 arg1 permeability 1059:1070 oxygen permeability 1052:1070 oxygen permeability 1052:1070 The addition of rapeseed oil significantly reduces water vapour and oxygen permeability. 26575712 10 4 theme oil 1009:1011 arg1 addition 988:995 The addition 984:995 The addition of rapeseed oil 984:1011 The addition of rapeseed oil significantly reduces water vapour and oxygen permeability. 26575712 0 5 from layers 52:57 arg1 properties 67:76 film properties 62:76 film properties 62:76 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 26575712 3 6 theme Composite 349:357 arg1 films 359:363 Composite films 349:363 Composite films 349:363 Composite films are more opalescent and glossier than fatty free starch films. 26575712 4 7 from cross-section 481:493 arg1 heterogeneous 460:472 heterogeneous 460:472 heterogeneous 460:472 For all the films, structure is heterogeneous in the cross-section only. 26575712 2 8 theme casting 285:291 arg1 step 293:296 starch solution casting step 269:296 starch solution casting step 269:296 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 3 9 theme free 409:412 arg1 films 421:425 fatty free starch films 403:425 fatty free starch films 403:425 Composite films are more opalescent and glossier than fatty free starch films. 26575712 3 10 theme starch 414:419 arg1 films 421:425 fatty free starch films 403:425 fatty free starch films 403:425 Composite films are more opalescent and glossier than fatty free starch films. 26575712 2 11 theme solution 276:283 arg1 step 293:296 starch solution casting step 269:296 starch solution casting step 269:296 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 5 12 theme Adding 501:506 arg1 fat 508:510 Adding fat 501:510 Adding fat 501:510 Adding fat induced a twice decrease of the tensile strength. 26575712 9 13 theme polar 929:933 arg1 liquids 916:922 liquids 916:922 liquids less polar that water 916:944 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water increased with rapeseed oil addition. 26575712 4 14 from heterogeneous 460:472 arg1 cross-section 481:493 the cross-section 477:493 the cross-section only 477:498 For all the films, structure is heterogeneous in the cross-section only. 26575712 2 15 theme type 318:321 arg1 structure 323:331 an emulsion type structure 306:331 an emulsion type structure of dried films 306:346 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 0 16 theme lamination 14:23 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 0:77 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 26575712 2 17 theme emulsion 309:316 arg1 structure 323:331 an emulsion type structure 306:331 an emulsion type structure of dried films 306:346 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 0 18 theme oil 10:12 arg1 lamination 14:23 oil lamination 10:23 oil lamination 10:23 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 26575712 7 19 theme higher 705:710 arg1 RH 712:713 higher RH 705:713 higher RH as well as the surface swelling index 705:751 Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, when water droplet contact occurred. 26575712 1 20 theme hygroscopic 93:103 arg1 character 105:113 the hygroscopic character 89:113 the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films 89:149 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 9 21 theme oil 970:972 arg1 addition 974:981 rapeseed oil addition 961:981 rapeseed oil addition 961:981 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water increased with rapeseed oil addition. 26575712 1 22 theme starch-oil-starch 197:213 arg1 lamination 185:194 lamination 185:194 lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique) 185:233 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 1 22 theme starch-oil-starch 197:213 arg1 technique 224:232 starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique 197:232 starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique 197:232 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 0 23 theme plasticized 33:43 arg1 layers 52:57 plasticized starch layers 33:57 plasticized starch layers on film properties 33:76 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 26575712 10 24 theme rapeseed 1000:1007 arg1 oil 1009:1011 rapeseed oil 1000:1011 rapeseed oil 1000:1011 The addition of rapeseed oil significantly reduces water vapour and oxygen permeability. 26575712 2 25 theme lipid 240:244 arg1 lamination 246:255 The lipid lamination 236:255 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step 236:296 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 1 26 theme 3-layers 215:222 arg1 lamination 185:194 lamination 185:194 lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique) 185:233 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 1 26 theme 3-layers 215:222 arg1 technique 224:232 starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique 197:232 starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique 197:232 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 6 27 theme gravimetry 570:579 arg1 analysis 581:588 Thermal gravimetry analysis 562:588 Thermal gravimetry analysis 562:588 Thermal gravimetry analysis did not show differences between films with and without oil. 26575712 7 28 theme droplet 765:771 arg1 contact 773:779 water droplet contact 759:779 water droplet contact 759:779 Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, when water droplet contact occurred. 26575712 3 29 theme fatty 403:407 arg1 films 421:425 fatty free starch films 403:425 fatty free starch films 403:425 Composite films are more opalescent and glossier than fatty free starch films. 26575712 0 30 theme starch 45:50 arg1 layers 52:57 plasticized starch layers 33:57 plasticized starch layers on film properties 33:76 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 26575712 7 31 theme moisture 669:676 arg1 absorption 678:687 the moisture absorption 665:687 the moisture absorption 665:687 Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, when water droplet contact occurred. 26575712 5 32 theme tensile 544:550 arg1 strength 552:559 the tensile strength 540:559 the tensile strength 540:559 Adding fat induced a twice decrease of the tensile strength. 26575712 2 33 theme films 342:346 arg1 structure 323:331 an emulsion type structure 306:331 an emulsion type structure of dried films 306:346 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 7 34 theme water 759:763 arg1 contact 773:779 water droplet contact 759:779 water droplet contact 759:779 Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, when water droplet contact occurred. 26575712 10 35 theme water 1035:1039 arg1 vapour 1041:1046 water vapour 1035:1046 water vapour 1035:1046 The addition of rapeseed oil significantly reduces water vapour and oxygen permeability. 26575712 2 36 theme starch 269:274 arg1 step 293:296 starch solution casting step 269:296 starch solution casting step 269:296 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 5 37 theme strength 552:559 arg1 decrease 528:535 a twice decrease 520:535 a twice decrease of the tensile strength 520:559 Adding fat induced a twice decrease of the tensile strength. 26575712 1 38 theme biodegradable 118:130 arg1 films 145:149 biodegradable starch-based films 118:149 biodegradable starch-based films 118:149 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 8 39 theme lipids 803:808 arg1 Addition 791:798 Addition 791:798 Addition of lipids 791:808 Addition of lipids always decreases the contact angle for all liquid tested, except for water. 26575712 9 40 theme Surface 886:892 arg1 affinity 894:901 Surface affinity 886:901 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water 886:944 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water increased with rapeseed oil addition. 26575712 1 41 theme starch-based 132:143 arg1 films 145:149 biodegradable starch-based films 118:149 biodegradable starch-based films 118:149 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 2 42 theme dried 336:340 arg1 films 342:346 dried films 336:346 dried films 336:346 The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. 26575712 0 43 theme film 62:65 arg1 properties 67:76 film properties 62:76 film properties 62:76 Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties. 26575712 1 44 theme films 145:149 arg1 character 105:113 the hygroscopic character 89:113 the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films 89:149 To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). 26575712 7 45 theme surface 730:736 arg1 index 747:751 the surface swelling index 726:751 higher RH as well as the surface swelling index 705:751 Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, when water droplet contact occurred. 26575712 6 46 theme Thermal 562:568 arg1 analysis 581:588 Thermal gravimetry analysis 562:588 Thermal gravimetry analysis 562:588 Thermal gravimetry analysis did not show differences between films with and without oil. 26575712 9 47 theme rapeseed 961:968 arg1 addition 974:981 rapeseed oil addition 961:981 rapeseed oil addition 961:981 Surface affinity of films for liquids less polar that water increased with rapeseed oil addition. 26575712 7 48 theme swelling 738:745 arg1 index 747:751 the surface swelling index 726:751 higher RH as well as the surface swelling index 705:751 Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, when water droplet contact occurred. 25149007 8 0 theme properties 1283:1292 arg1 alteration 1253:1262 alteration 1253:1262 alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours 1253:1309 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 7 1 theme melting 1089:1095 arg1 temperatures 1097:1108 higher melting temperatures 1082:1108 higher melting temperatures 1082:1108 Pectinase-treated potato flours exhibited higher melting temperatures and pasting viscosities than untreated counterparts. 25149007 3 2 theme pasting 553:559 arg1 viscosity 561:569 pasting viscosity 553:569 pasting viscosity 553:569 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 5 3 theme ash 850:852 arg1 contents 854:861 Their protein and ash contents 832:861 contents 854:861 Their protein and ash contents were reduced through pectinase treatment. 25149007 4 4 from present 753:759 arg1 cells 782:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 5 theme granular 811:818 arg1 structures 820:829 granular structures 811:829 granular structures 811:829 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 3 6 theme pectinase-treated 400:416 arg1 flours 425:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 386:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 386:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 0 7 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 56:65 the physicochemical properties 36:65 the physicochemical properties of potato 36:75 Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 3 8 theme potato 418:423 arg1 flours 425:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 386:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 386:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 4 9 theme potato 687:692 arg1 flours 694:699 the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours 641:699 the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours 641:699 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 7 10 theme Pectinase-treated 1040:1056 arg1 flours 1065:1070 Pectinase-treated potato flours 1040:1070 Pectinase-treated potato flours 1040:1070 Pectinase-treated potato flours exhibited higher melting temperatures and pasting viscosities than untreated counterparts. 25149007 4 11 theme intact 764:769 arg1 cells 782:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 12 theme pectinase-treated 645:661 arg1 flours 694:699 the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours 641:699 the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours 641:699 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 3 13 theme Untreated 386:394 arg1 flours 425:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 386:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 386:430 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 4 14 attach present 753:759 arg2 materials 738:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 14 attach present 753:759 arg1 cells 782:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 14 attach present 753:759 arg2 present 753:759 present 753:759 present 753:759 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 1 15 from cultivars 158:166 arg1 flours 124:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 85:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars 85:166 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 4 16 theme retrograded 719:729 arg1 present 753:759 present 753:759 present 753:759 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 16 theme retrograded 719:729 arg1 materials 738:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 8 17 theme flours 1304:1309 arg1 properties 1283:1292 physicochemical properties 1267:1292 physicochemical properties of potato flours 1267:1309 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 1 18 theme physicochemical 243:257 arg1 properties 259:268 their physicochemical properties 237:268 their physicochemical properties 237:268 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 3 19 theme starch 500:505 arg1 leaching 507:514 starch leaching 500:514 starch leaching 500:514 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 5 20 theme pectinase 884:892 arg1 treatment 894:902 pectinase treatment 884:902 pectinase treatment 884:902 Their protein and ash contents were reduced through pectinase treatment. 25149007 6 21 theme potato 973:978 arg1 flours 980:985 the pectinase-treated potato flours 951:985 the pectinase-treated potato flours 951:985 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 8 22 theme potato 1192:1197 arg1 morphology 1205:1214 potato flour morphology 1192:1214 potato flour morphology 1192:1214 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 6 23 from trend 1001:1005 arg1 powers 1019:1024 swelling powers 1010:1024 swelling powers 1010:1024 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 1 24 theme Untreated 85:93 arg1 flours 124:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 85:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars 85:166 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 4 25 located present 753:759 arg2 materials 738:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 25 located present 753:759 arg1 cells 782:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 25 located present 753:759 arg2 present 753:759 present 753:759 present 753:759 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 3 26 theme chemical 478:485 arg1 composition 487:497 chemical composition 478:497 chemical composition 478:497 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 4 27 theme starch 731:736 arg1 present 753:759 present 753:759 present 753:759 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 27 theme starch 731:736 arg1 materials 738:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 0 28 theme treatment 23:31 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato 0:75 Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 8 29 theme morphology 1205:1214 arg1 modification 1176:1187 the modification 1172:1187 the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment 1172:1237 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 7 30 theme potato 1058:1063 arg1 flours 1065:1070 Pectinase-treated potato flours 1040:1070 Pectinase-treated potato flours 1040:1070 Pectinase-treated potato flours exhibited higher melting temperatures and pasting viscosities than untreated counterparts. 25149007 1 31 theme pectinase-treated 99:115 arg1 flours 124:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 85:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars 85:166 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 3 32 theme swelling 517:524 arg1 power 526:530 swelling power 517:530 swelling power 517:530 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours were investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition, starch leaching, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. 25149007 0 33 theme pectinase 13:21 arg1 treatment 23:31 pectinase treatment 13:31 pectinase treatment 13:31 Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 8 34 theme flour 1199:1203 arg1 morphology 1205:1214 potato flour morphology 1192:1214 potato flour morphology 1192:1214 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 6 35 theme pectinase-treated 955:971 arg1 flours 980:985 the pectinase-treated potato flours 951:985 the pectinase-treated potato flours 951:985 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 1 36 theme potato 117:122 arg1 flours 124:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours 85:129 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars 85:166 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 1 37 theme pectinase 214:222 arg1 treatment 224:232 pectinase treatment 214:232 pectinase treatment 214:232 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 4 38 theme light 623:627 arg1 microscopy 629:638 light microscopy 623:638 light microscopy 623:638 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 8 39 theme pectinase 1219:1227 arg1 treatment 1229:1237 pectinase treatment 1219:1237 pectinase treatment 1219:1237 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 4 40 dep pectinase-treated 645:661 arg1 relative 664:671 relative 664:671 relative 664:671 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 1 41 theme treatment 224:232 arg1 effects 203:209 the effects 199:209 the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties 199:268 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 8 42 theme physicochemical 1267:1281 arg1 properties 1283:1292 physicochemical properties 1267:1292 physicochemical properties of potato flours 1267:1309 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 8 43 theme potato 1297:1302 arg1 flours 1304:1309 potato flours 1297:1309 potato flours 1297:1309 Overall, the modification of potato flour morphology by pectinase treatment may result in alteration of physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 7 44 theme untreated 1139:1147 arg1 counterparts 1149:1160 untreated counterparts 1139:1160 untreated counterparts 1139:1160 Pectinase-treated potato flours exhibited higher melting temperatures and pasting viscosities than untreated counterparts. 25149007 0 45 theme physicochemical 40:54 arg1 properties 56:65 the physicochemical properties 36:65 the physicochemical properties of potato 36:75 Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 4 46 theme electron 599:606 arg1 microscopy 608:617 scanning electron microscopy 590:617 scanning electron microscopy 590:617 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 7 47 theme pasting 1114:1120 arg1 viscosities 1122:1132 pasting viscosities 1114:1132 pasting viscosities 1114:1132 Pectinase-treated potato flours exhibited higher melting temperatures and pasting viscosities than untreated counterparts. 25149007 4 48 theme parenchyma 771:780 arg1 cells 782:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 intact parenchyma cells 764:786 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 49 theme scanning 590:597 arg1 microscopy 608:617 scanning electron microscopy 590:617 scanning electron microscopy 590:617 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 1 50 theme Atlantic 136:143 arg1 cultivars 158:166 Atlantic and Superior cultivars 136:166 Atlantic and Superior cultivars 136:166 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 6 51 theme leachate 918:925 arg1 contents 927:934 starch leachate contents 911:934 starch leachate contents 911:934 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 2 52 theme dehydrated 360:369 arg1 flours 378:383 the dehydrated potato flours 356:383 the dehydrated potato flours 356:383 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues were treated with and without pectinase to prepare the dehydrated potato flours. 25149007 4 53 from cells 782:786 arg1 present 753:759 present 753:759 present 753:759 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 4 53 from cells 782:786 arg1 materials 738:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 the retrograded starch materials 715:746 Upon viewing with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the pectinase-treated (relative to untreated) potato flours revealed that the retrograded starch materials were present in intact parenchyma cells, apparently exhibiting granular structures. 25149007 2 54 theme potato 371:376 arg1 flours 378:383 the dehydrated potato flours 356:383 the dehydrated potato flours 356:383 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues were treated with and without pectinase to prepare the dehydrated potato flours. 25149007 0 55 theme potato 70:75 arg1 properties 56:65 the physicochemical properties 36:65 the physicochemical properties of potato 36:75 Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato flours. 25149007 6 56 theme starch 911:916 arg1 contents 927:934 starch leachate contents 911:934 starch leachate contents 911:934 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 2 57 theme potato 284:289 arg1 whole-tissues 291:303 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues 271:303 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues 271:303 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues were treated with and without pectinase to prepare the dehydrated potato flours. 25149007 1 58 from effects 203:209 arg1 properties 259:268 their physicochemical properties 237:268 their physicochemical properties 237:268 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 1 59 theme Superior 149:156 arg1 cultivars 158:166 Atlantic and Superior cultivars 136:166 Atlantic and Superior cultivars 136:166 Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. 25149007 6 60 theme opposite 992:999 arg1 trend 1001:1005 the opposite trend 988:1005 the opposite trend in swelling powers 988:1024 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 6 61 theme swelling 1010:1017 arg1 powers 1019:1024 swelling powers 1010:1024 swelling powers 1010:1024 While starch leachate contents were lower for the pectinase-treated potato flours, the opposite trend in swelling powers was observed. 25149007 2 62 theme Steam-cooked 271:282 arg1 whole-tissues 291:303 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues 271:303 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues 271:303 Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues were treated with and without pectinase to prepare the dehydrated potato flours. 25149007 7 63 theme higher 1082:1087 arg1 temperatures 1097:1108 higher melting temperatures 1082:1108 higher melting temperatures 1082:1108 Pectinase-treated potato flours exhibited higher melting temperatures and pasting viscosities than untreated counterparts. 27216555 12 0 theme pigs 1864:1867 arg1 intestine 1845:1853 the large intestine 1835:1853 the large intestine of young pigs 1835:1867 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 1 1 from effect 209:214 arg1 intestine 353:361 the large intestine 343:361 the large intestine of young pigs 343:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 1 1 from effect 209:214 arg1 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 1 1 from effect 209:214 arg1 activity 286:293 microbiota activity 275:293 microbiota activity 275:293 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 6 2 theme control 1296:1302 arg1 diets 1304:1308 control diets 1296:1308 control diets 1296:1308 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 1 3 theme types 223:227 arg1 effect 209:214 the effect 205:214 the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition 205:309 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 1 3 theme types 223:227 arg1 immunity 331:338 mucosal immunity 323:338 mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs 323:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 7 4 theme DJA 1319:1321 arg1 diets 1323:1327 DJA diets 1319:1327 DJA diets 1319:1327 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 8 5 theme distal 1558:1563 arg1 colon 1565:1569 the proximal and distal colon 1541:1569 the proximal and distal colon 1541:1569 populations in the proximal and distal colon. 27216555 1 6 theme prebiotics 232:241 arg1 types 223:227 two types 219:227 two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic 219:270 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 12 7 theme large 1839:1843 arg1 intestine 1845:1853 the large intestine 1835:1853 the large intestine of young pigs 1835:1867 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 12 8 from ecology 1824:1830 arg1 intestine 1845:1853 the large intestine 1835:1853 the large intestine of young pigs 1835:1867 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 12 9 theme prebiotics 1950:1959 arg1 effects 1939:1945 effects 1939:1945 effects of prebiotics 1939:1959 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 1 10 theme young 366:370 arg1 pigs 372:375 young pigs 366:375 young pigs 366:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 12 11 theme microbiota 1813:1822 arg1 ecology 1824:1830 the microbiota ecology 1809:1830 the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent 1809:1887 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 2 12 theme probiotic-unsupplemented 469:492 arg1 PU 495:496 life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets 464:534 PU 495:496 In total 48 piglets were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), which received from day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets. 27216555 6 13 theme β-glucosidase 1173:1185 arg1 activity 1187:1194 the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity 1147:1194 activity 1187:1194 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 5 14 theme tissue 928:933 arg1 samples 935:941 digesta and tissue samples 916:941 digesta and tissue samples 916:941 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 7 15 theme middle 1478:1483 arg1 colon 1485:1489 the middle colon 1474:1489 the middle colon 1474:1489 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 8 16 theme proximal 1545:1552 arg1 colon 1565:1569 the proximal and distal colon 1541:1569 the proximal and distal colon 1541:1569 populations in the proximal and distal colon. 27216555 5 17 theme secretory 1055:1063 arg1 analyses 1006:1013 analyses 1006:1013 analyses of microbiota activity and composition 1006:1052 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 17 theme secretory 1055:1063 arg1 sIgA 1083:1086 sIgA 1083:1086 sIgA 1083:1086 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 17 theme secretory 1055:1063 arg1 A 1080:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A 1055:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) 1055:1087 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 4 18 from root 831:834 arg1 inulin 811:816 inulin 811:816 inulin from chicory root (IN) 811:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 18 from root 831:834 arg1 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 18 from root 831:834 arg1 % 806:806 2% 805:806 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) 805:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 18 from root 831:834 arg1 % 845:845 4% 844:845 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 844:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 18 from root 831:834 arg1 tubers 876:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers 850:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 850:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 9 19 theme PS 1572:1573 arg1 diets 1575:1579 PS diets 1572:1579 PS diets 1572:1579 PS diets increased the caecal acetic acid and total SCFA level, and Clostridium spp. 27216555 6 20 theme caecal 1151:1156 arg1 pH 1166:1167 the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity 1147:1194 pH 1166:1167 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 5 21 theme feeding 907:913 arg1 40 days 896:902 40 days 896:902 40 days of feeding 896:913 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 7 22 theme β-glucuronidase 1446:1460 arg1 activity 1462:1469 β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity 1428:1469 β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon 1428:1489 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 2 23 theme PU 495:496 arg1 day 454:456 day 10 454:459 day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets 454:534 In total 48 piglets were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), which received from day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets. 27216555 0 24 theme large 143:147 arg1 intestine 149:157 the large intestine 139:157 the large intestine 139:157 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 5 25 theme digesta 916:922 arg1 samples 935:941 digesta and tissue samples 916:941 digesta and tissue samples 916:941 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 7 26 theme β-glucosidase 1428:1440 arg1 activity 1462:1469 β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity 1428:1469 β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon 1428:1489 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 4 27 theme dried 850:854 arg1 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 27 theme dried 850:854 arg1 tubers 876:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers 850:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 850:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 6 28 theme total 1233:1237 arg1 concentrations 1269:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 5 29 theme three 974:978 arg1 sections 980:987 the caecum and three sections 959:987 sections 980:987 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 4 30 theme artichoke 866:874 arg1 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 30 theme artichoke 866:874 arg1 tubers 876:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers 850:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 850:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 6 31 theme valeric 1221:1227 arg1 concentrations 1269:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 9 32 theme total 1618:1622 arg1 level 1629:1633 total SCFA level 1618:1633 total SCFA level 1618:1633 PS diets increased the caecal acetic acid and total SCFA level, and Clostridium spp. 27216555 0 33 theme probiotic 74:82 arg1 preparation 84:94 a multispecies probiotic preparation 59:94 a multispecies probiotic preparation 59:94 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 33 theme probiotic 74:82 arg1 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 7 34 theme isoacids 1397:1404 arg1 concentration 1380:1392 the concentration 1376:1392 the concentration of isoacids in the colon 1376:1417 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 4 35 theme % 845:845 arg1 addition 793:800 addition 793:800 addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 793:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 36 theme PU 716:717 arg1 diets 726:730 The PU and PS diets 712:730 diets 726:730 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 11 37 theme IEL 1746:1748 arg1 number 1750:1755 IEL number 1746:1755 IEL number 1746:1755 Neither probiotic nor prebiotics affected sIgA level or IEL number in the large intestine. 27216555 5 38 theme caecum 963:968 arg1 sections 980:987 the caecum and three sections 959:987 sections 980:987 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 1 39 theme probiotic 262:270 arg1 multispecies 249:260 a multispecies probiotic 247:270 a multispecies probiotic 247:270 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 9 40 theme caecal 1595:1600 arg1 acid 1609:1612 the caecal acetic acid 1591:1612 the caecal acetic acid 1591:1612 PS diets increased the caecal acetic acid and total SCFA level, and Clostridium spp. 27216555 5 41 theme microbiota 1018:1027 arg1 activity 1029:1036 microbiota activity 1018:1036 microbiota activity 1018:1036 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 11 42 theme large 1764:1768 arg1 intestine 1770:1778 the large intestine 1760:1778 the large intestine 1760:1778 Neither probiotic nor prebiotics affected sIgA level or IEL number in the large intestine. 27216555 1 43 theme multispecies 249:260 arg1 types 223:227 two types 219:227 two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic 219:270 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 6 44 theme acid 1257:1260 arg1 concentrations 1269:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 5 45 theme colon 996:1000 arg1 sections 980:987 the caecum and three sections 959:987 sections 980:987 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 6 46 theme chain 1245:1249 arg1 acid 1257:1260 short chain fatty acid 1239:1260 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 6 46 theme chain 1245:1249 arg1 SCFA 1263:1266 SCFA 1263:1266 SCFA 1263:1266 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 7 47 theme acid 1354:1357 arg1 level 1359:1363 caecal valeric acid level 1339:1363 caecal valeric acid level 1339:1363 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 4 48 theme PS 723:724 arg1 diets 726:730 The PU and PS diets 712:730 diets 726:730 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 7 49 theme caecal 1339:1344 arg1 level 1359:1363 caecal valeric acid level 1339:1363 caecal valeric acid level 1339:1363 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 6 50 theme fatty 1251:1255 arg1 acid 1257:1260 short chain fatty acid 1239:1260 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 6 50 theme fatty 1251:1255 arg1 SCFA 1263:1266 SCFA 1263:1266 SCFA 1263:1266 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 0 51 from ecology 110:116 arg1 pigs 168:171 young pigs 162:171 young pigs 162:171 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 52 theme young 162:166 arg1 pigs 168:171 young pigs 162:171 young pigs 162:171 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 4 53 from % 845:845 arg1 root 831:834 chicory root 823:834 chicory root (IN) 823:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 53 from % 845:845 arg1 IN 837:838 IN 837:838 IN 837:838 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 12 54 theme young 1858:1862 arg1 pigs 1864:1867 young pigs 1858:1867 young pigs 1858:1867 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 2 55 theme PS 526:527 arg1 diets 530:534 life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets 464:534 diets 530:534 In total 48 piglets were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), which received from day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets. 27216555 5 56 theme immunoglobulin 1065:1078 arg1 analyses 1006:1013 analyses 1006:1013 analyses of microbiota activity and composition 1006:1052 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 56 theme immunoglobulin 1065:1078 arg1 sIgA 1083:1086 sIgA 1083:1086 sIgA 1083:1086 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 56 theme immunoglobulin 1065:1078 arg1 A 1080:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A 1055:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) 1055:1087 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 2 57 theme probiotic-supplemented 502:523 arg1 diets 530:534 life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets 464:534 diets 530:534 In total 48 piglets were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), which received from day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets. 27216555 7 58 from concentration 1380:1392 arg1 colon 1413:1417 the colon 1409:1417 the colon 1409:1417 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 2 59 theme diets 530:534 arg1 day 454:456 day 10 454:459 day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets 454:534 In total 48 piglets were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), which received from day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets. 27216555 0 60 theme Jerusalem 29:37 arg1 tuber 49:53 dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber 23:53 dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber 23:53 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 60 theme Jerusalem 29:37 arg1 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 4 61 theme chicory 823:829 arg1 root 831:834 chicory root 823:834 chicory root (IN) 823:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 61 theme chicory 823:829 arg1 IN 837:838 IN 837:838 IN 837:838 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 1 62 theme large 347:351 arg1 intestine 353:361 the large intestine 343:361 the large intestine of young pigs 343:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 6 63 theme digesta 1158:1164 arg1 pH 1166:1167 the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity 1147:1194 pH 1166:1167 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 4 64 theme % 806:806 arg1 addition 793:800 addition 793:800 addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 793:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 0 65 theme intestine 149:157 arg1 ecology 110:116 microbiota ecology 99:116 microbiota ecology 99:116 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 65 theme intestine 149:157 arg1 status 129:134 immune status 122:134 immune status 122:134 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 1 66 theme pigs 372:375 arg1 intestine 353:361 the large intestine 343:361 the large intestine of young pigs 343:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 10 67 theme distal 1676:1681 arg1 colon 1683:1687 the distal colon 1672:1687 the distal colon 1672:1687 populations in the distal colon. 27216555 4 68 theme inulin 811:816 arg1 inulin 811:816 inulin 811:816 inulin from chicory root (IN) 811:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 68 theme inulin 811:816 arg1 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 68 theme inulin 811:816 arg1 % 806:806 2% 805:806 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) 805:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 68 theme inulin 811:816 arg1 % 845:845 4% 844:845 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 844:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 68 theme inulin 811:816 arg1 tubers 876:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers 850:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 850:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 6 69 theme short 1239:1243 arg1 acid 1257:1260 short chain fatty acid 1239:1260 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 6 69 theme short 1239:1243 arg1 SCFA 1263:1266 SCFA 1263:1266 SCFA 1263:1266 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 4 70 from % 806:806 arg1 root 831:834 chicory root 823:834 chicory root (IN) 823:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 70 from % 806:806 arg1 IN 837:838 IN 837:838 IN 837:838 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 9 71 theme acetic 1602:1607 arg1 acid 1609:1612 the caecal acetic acid 1591:1612 the caecal acetic acid 1591:1612 PS diets increased the caecal acetic acid and total SCFA level, and Clostridium spp. 27216555 5 72 theme intraepithelial 1093:1107 arg1 analyses 1006:1013 analyses 1006:1013 analyses of microbiota activity and composition 1006:1052 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 72 theme intraepithelial 1093:1107 arg1 IEL 1122:1124 IEL 1122:1124 IEL 1122:1124 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 72 theme intraepithelial 1093:1107 arg1 lymphocytes 1109:1119 intraepithelial lymphocytes 1093:1119 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 1093:1125 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 6 73 theme propionic 1210:1218 arg1 concentrations 1269:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 1210:1282 IN diets decreased the caecal digesta pH and β-glucosidase activity but increased propionic, valeric and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations compared to control diets. 27216555 0 74 theme multispecies 61:72 arg1 preparation 84:94 a multispecies probiotic preparation 59:94 a multispecies probiotic preparation 59:94 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 74 theme multispecies 61:72 arg1 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 4 75 theme Jerusalem 856:864 arg1 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 75 theme Jerusalem 856:864 arg1 tubers 876:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers 850:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 850:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 0 76 from effects 4:10 arg1 ecology 110:116 microbiota ecology 99:116 microbiota ecology 99:116 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 76 from effects 4:10 arg1 status 129:134 immune status 122:134 immune status 122:134 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 12 77 theme greater 1874:1880 arg1 extent 1882:1887 a greater extent 1872:1887 a greater extent 1872:1887 In conclusion, DJA modified the microbiota ecology in the large intestine of young pigs to a greater extent than IN and the applied probiotic did not enhance effects of prebiotics. 27216555 7 78 from activity 1462:1469 arg1 colon 1485:1489 the middle colon 1474:1489 the middle colon 1474:1489 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 9 79 theme SCFA 1624:1627 arg1 level 1629:1633 total SCFA level 1618:1633 total SCFA level 1618:1633 PS diets increased the caecal acetic acid and total SCFA level, and Clostridium spp. 27216555 0 80 theme microbiota 99:108 arg1 ecology 110:116 microbiota ecology 99:116 microbiota ecology 99:116 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 1 81 theme mucosal 323:329 arg1 immunity 331:338 mucosal immunity 323:338 mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs 323:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 2 82 theme life 464:467 arg1 PU 495:496 life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets 464:534 PU 495:496 In total 48 piglets were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), which received from day 10 of life probiotic-unsupplemented (PU) or probiotic-supplemented (PS) diets. 27216555 1 83 from immunity 331:338 arg1 intestine 353:361 the large intestine 343:361 the large intestine of young pigs 343:375 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 1 83 from immunity 331:338 arg1 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 1 83 from immunity 331:338 arg1 activity 286:293 microbiota activity 275:293 microbiota activity 275:293 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 9 84 theme Clostridium 1640:1650 arg1 spp 1652:1654 Clostridium spp 1640:1654 Clostridium spp 1640:1654 PS diets increased the caecal acetic acid and total SCFA level, and Clostridium spp. 27216555 0 85 theme inulin 15:20 arg1 effects 4:10 The effects 0:10 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 0:172 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 5 86 theme activity 1029:1036 arg1 analyses 1006:1013 analyses 1006:1013 analyses of microbiota activity and composition 1006:1052 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 86 theme activity 1029:1036 arg1 A 1080:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A 1055:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) 1055:1087 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 86 theme activity 1029:1036 arg1 lymphocytes 1109:1119 intraepithelial lymphocytes 1093:1119 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 1093:1125 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 10 87 from populations 1657:1667 arg1 colon 1683:1687 the distal colon 1672:1687 the distal colon 1672:1687 populations in the distal colon. 27216555 3 88 theme 0.5 g/kg 562:569 arg1 diet 571:574 0.5 g/kg diet 562:574 0.5 g/kg diet 562:574 Probiotics were added at 0.5 g/kg diet and contained: Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27216555 8 89 from populations 1526:1536 arg1 colon 1565:1569 the proximal and distal colon 1541:1569 the proximal and distal colon 1541:1569 populations in the proximal and distal colon. 27216555 0 90 theme dried 23:27 arg1 tuber 49:53 dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber 23:53 dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber 23:53 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 90 theme dried 23:27 arg1 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 5 91 theme composition 1042:1052 arg1 analyses 1006:1013 analyses 1006:1013 analyses of microbiota activity and composition 1006:1052 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 91 theme composition 1042:1052 arg1 A 1080:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A 1055:1080 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) 1055:1087 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 5 91 theme composition 1042:1052 arg1 lymphocytes 1109:1119 intraepithelial lymphocytes 1093:1119 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 1093:1125 After 40 days of feeding, digesta and tissue samples were taken from the caecum and three sections of the colon for analyses of microbiota activity and composition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 27216555 7 92 theme Bifidobacterium 1505:1519 arg1 spp 1521:1523 Bifidobacterium spp 1505:1523 Bifidobacterium spp 1505:1523 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 4 93 theme tubers 876:881 arg1 inulin 811:816 inulin 811:816 inulin from chicory root (IN) 811:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 93 theme tubers 876:881 arg1 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 DJA 884:886 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 93 theme tubers 876:881 arg1 % 806:806 2% 805:806 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) 805:839 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 93 theme tubers 876:881 arg1 % 845:845 4% 844:845 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 844:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 93 theme tubers 876:881 arg1 tubers 876:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers 850:881 dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA) 850:887 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 0 94 theme artichoke 39:47 arg1 tuber 49:53 dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber 23:53 dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber 23:53 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 0 94 theme artichoke 39:47 arg1 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 inulin 15:20 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 1 95 theme microbiota 275:284 arg1 activity 286:293 microbiota activity 275:293 microbiota activity 275:293 The study aimed at determining the effect of two types of prebiotics and a multispecies probiotic on microbiota activity and composition, as well as mucosal immunity in the large intestine of young pigs. 27216555 0 96 theme immune 122:127 arg1 status 129:134 immune status 122:134 immune status 122:134 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 4 97 theme prebiotic 756:764 arg1 control 776:782 control 776:782 control 776:782 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 4 97 theme prebiotic 756:764 arg1 addition 766:773 prebiotic addition 756:773 prebiotic addition (control) 756:783 The PU and PS diets were formulated without prebiotic addition (control) or with addition of 2% of inulin from chicory root (IN) or 4% of dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers (DJA). 27216555 0 98 from status 129:134 arg1 pigs 168:171 young pigs 162:171 young pigs 162:171 The effects of inulin, dried Jerusalem artichoke tuber and a multispecies probiotic preparation on microbiota ecology and immune status of the large intestine in young pigs. 27216555 7 99 theme valeric 1346:1352 arg1 level 1359:1363 caecal valeric acid level 1339:1363 caecal valeric acid level 1339:1363 Feeding DJA diets increased caecal valeric acid level, decreased the concentration of isoacids in the colon, reduced β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in the middle colon and increased Bifidobacterium spp. 27216555 3 100 theme Carnobacterium 611:624 arg1 divergens 626:634 Carnobacterium divergens 611:634 Carnobacterium divergens 611:634 Probiotics were added at 0.5 g/kg diet and contained: Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27216555 11 101 theme sIgA 1732:1735 arg1 level 1737:1741 sIgA level 1732:1741 sIgA level 1732:1741 Neither probiotic nor prebiotics affected sIgA level or IEL number in the large intestine. 29172447 2 0 theme PEO 452:454 arg1 region 468:473 the PEO crystallite region 448:473 the PEO crystallite region 448:473 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 1 theme parallel 638:645 arg1 direction 628:636 a direction 626:636 a direction parallel to the surface of the film 626:672 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 6 2 theme materials 1155:1163 arg1 development 1130:1140 the development 1126:1140 the development of packaging materials that are more impermeable to gases than the current materials 1126:1225 Our results thus pave the way toward the development of packaging materials that are more impermeable to gases than the current materials. 29172447 1 3 theme CNF-incorporated 232:247 arg1 films 254:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films 198:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials 198:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 6 4 theme current 1209:1215 arg1 materials 1217:1225 the current materials 1205:1225 the current materials 1205:1225 Our results thus pave the way toward the development of packaging materials that are more impermeable to gases than the current materials. 29172447 1 5 from structure 155:163 arg1 films 254:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films 198:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials 198:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 0 6 theme Composite 82:90 arg1 Films 92:96 Nanofiber Composite Films 72:96 Nanofiber Composite Films 72:96 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 1 7 theme different 347:355 arg1 ratios 369:374 different CNF filling ratios 347:374 different CNF filling ratios 347:374 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 1 8 dep orientation 115:125 arg1 The 99:101 The 99:101 The 99:101 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 1 9 theme PEO 250:252 arg1 films 254:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films 198:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials 198:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 0 10 theme Nanofiber 72:80 arg1 Films 92:96 Nanofiber Composite Films 72:96 Nanofiber Composite Films 72:96 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 1 11 theme CNF 357:359 arg1 ratios 369:374 different CNF filling ratios 347:374 different CNF filling ratios 347:374 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 3 12 theme wt 794:795 arg1 % 797:797 >25 wt % 790:797 >25 wt % 790:797 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 3 12 theme wt 794:795 arg1 ratio 780:784 the filling ratio 768:784 the filling ratio 768:784 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 1 13 theme filling 361:367 arg1 ratios 369:374 different CNF filling ratios 347:374 different CNF filling ratios 347:374 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 2 14 theme wt 578:579 arg1 ratio 564:568 the ratio 560:568 the ratio 560:568 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 14 theme wt 578:579 arg1 % 581:581 >50 wt % 574:581 >50 wt % 574:581 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 15 theme film 669:672 arg1 surface 654:660 the surface 650:660 the surface of the film 650:672 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 1 16 theme poly 168:171 arg1 orientation 115:125 crystallite orientation 103:125 crystallite orientation 103:125 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 1 16 theme poly 168:171 arg1 structure 155:163 crystallographic domain structure 131:163 crystallographic domain structure 131:163 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 0 17 theme Poly 41:44 arg1 oxide 55:59 Poly(ethylene oxide) 41:60 Poly(ethylene oxide) 41:60 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 2 18 used used 418:421 arg2 ratio 396:400 a CNF filling ratio 382:400 a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % 382:412 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 1 19 from orientation 115:125 arg1 films 254:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films 198:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials 198:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 2 20 theme CNF 384:386 arg1 ratio 396:400 a CNF filling ratio 382:400 a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % 382:412 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 21 from chains 438:443 arg1 region 468:473 the PEO crystallite region 448:473 the PEO crystallite region 448:473 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 4 22 theme crystals 841:848 arg1 orientation 818:828 the orientation 814:828 the orientation of the PEO crystals 814:848 The change in the orientation of the PEO crystals occurred because increasing the amount of CNF in the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized. 29172447 5 23 dep PEO 1023:1025 arg1 the 1019:1021 the 1019:1021 the 1019:1021 Furthermore, the hydrogen bonds between the PEO and the CNF may behave as crystallization nuclei for the PEO. 29172447 1 24 theme ethylene 173:180 arg1 poly 168:171 poly 168:171 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 168:193 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 1 24 theme ethylene 173:180 arg1 oxide 182:186 ethylene oxide 173:186 ethylene oxide 173:186 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 4 25 theme CNF 892:894 arg1 amount 882:887 the amount 878:887 the amount of CNF 878:894 The change in the orientation of the PEO crystals occurred because increasing the amount of CNF in the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized. 29172447 4 25 theme CNF 892:894 arg1 CNF 892:894 CNF 892:894 CNF 892:894 The change in the orientation of the PEO crystals occurred because increasing the amount of CNF in the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized. 29172447 2 26 theme molecular 592:600 arg1 chains 602:607 the PEO molecular chains 584:607 the PEO molecular chains 584:607 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 0 27 theme Crystallite 14:24 arg1 Orientation 26:36 the Crystallite Orientation 10:36 the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide) 10:60 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 2 28 theme PEO 588:590 arg1 chains 602:607 the PEO molecular chains 584:607 the PEO molecular chains 584:607 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 29 theme wt 409:410 arg1 % 412:412 <10 wt % 405:412 <10 wt % 405:412 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 30 theme % 412:412 arg1 ratio 396:400 a CNF filling ratio 382:400 a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % 382:412 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 1 31 theme packaging 274:282 arg1 materials 284:292 packaging materials 274:292 packaging materials 274:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 4 32 from change 804:809 arg1 orientation 818:828 the orientation 814:828 the orientation of the PEO crystals 814:848 The change in the orientation of the PEO crystals occurred because increasing the amount of CNF in the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized. 29172447 2 33 theme filling 388:394 arg1 ratio 396:400 a CNF filling ratio 382:400 a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % 382:412 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 34 theme direction 494:502 arg1 perpendicular 504:516 a direction perpendicular 492:516 a direction perpendicular 492:516 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 4 35 theme composite 903:911 arg1 films 913:917 the composite films 899:917 the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized 899:976 The change in the orientation of the PEO crystals occurred because increasing the amount of CNF in the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized. 29172447 3 36 theme fiber 679:683 arg1 axis 685:688 The fiber axis 675:688 The fiber axis of the CNFs 675:700 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 2 37 theme molecular 428:436 arg1 chains 438:443 the molecular chains 424:443 the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region 424:473 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 38 theme film 540:543 arg1 surface 525:531 the surface 521:531 the surface of the film 521:543 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 2 39 theme crystallite 456:466 arg1 region 468:473 the PEO crystallite region 448:473 the PEO crystallite region 448:473 When a CNF filling ratio of <10 wt % was used, the molecular chains in the PEO crystallite region were oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film; however, when the ratio was >50 wt %, the PEO molecular chains were oriented in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. 29172447 0 40 from Change 0:5 arg1 Orientation 26:36 the Crystallite Orientation 10:36 the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide) 10:60 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 6 41 theme packaging 1145:1153 arg1 materials 1155:1163 packaging materials 1145:1163 packaging materials that are more impermeable to gases than the current materials 1145:1225 Our results thus pave the way toward the development of packaging materials that are more impermeable to gases than the current materials. 29172447 4 42 theme PEO 837:839 arg1 crystals 841:848 the PEO crystals 833:848 the PEO crystals 833:848 The change in the orientation of the PEO crystals occurred because increasing the amount of CNF in the composite films decreased the space in which the PEO could be crystallized. 29172447 1 43 theme crystallite 103:113 arg1 orientation 115:125 crystallite orientation 103:125 crystallite orientation 103:125 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 3 44 theme composite 748:756 arg1 film 758:761 the PEO/CNF composite film 736:761 the PEO/CNF composite film 736:761 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 1 45 theme wide-angle 314:323 arg1 diffraction 331:341 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 314:341 wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios 314:374 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 5 46 theme crystallization 1053:1067 arg1 nuclei 1069:1074 crystallization nuclei 1053:1074 crystallization nuclei for the PEO 1053:1086 Furthermore, the hydrogen bonds between the PEO and the CNF may behave as crystallization nuclei for the PEO. 29172447 3 47 theme film 758:761 arg1 surface 725:731 the surface 721:731 the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film 721:761 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 1 48 theme cellulose 198:206 arg1 films 254:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films 198:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials 198:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 0 49 theme oxide 55:59 arg1 Orientation 26:36 the Crystallite Orientation 10:36 the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide) 10:60 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 5 50 theme hydrogen 996:1003 arg1 bonds 1005:1009 the hydrogen bonds 992:1009 the hydrogen bonds between the PEO and the CNF 992:1037 Furthermore, the hydrogen bonds between the PEO and the CNF may behave as crystallization nuclei for the PEO. 29172447 1 51 theme crystallographic 131:146 arg1 structure 155:163 crystallographic domain structure 131:163 crystallographic domain structure 131:163 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 3 52 theme PEO/CNF 740:746 arg1 film 758:761 the PEO/CNF composite film 736:761 the PEO/CNF composite film 736:761 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 1 53 theme nanofiber-incorporated 208:229 arg1 films 254:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films 198:258 cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials 198:292 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 0 54 theme ethylene 46:53 arg1 oxide 55:59 Poly(ethylene oxide) 41:60 Poly(ethylene oxide) 41:60 Change in the Crystallite Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films. 29172447 1 55 theme X-ray 325:329 arg1 diffraction 331:341 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 314:341 wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios 314:374 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 1 56 theme domain 148:153 arg1 structure 155:163 crystallographic domain structure 131:163 crystallographic domain structure 131:163 The crystallite orientation and crystallographic domain structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in cellulose nanofiber-incorporated (CNF-incorporated) PEO films developed for packaging materials were observed using wide-angle X-ray diffraction for different CNF filling ratios. 29172447 3 57 theme filling 772:778 arg1 % 797:797 >25 wt % 790:797 >25 wt % 790:797 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 3 57 theme filling 772:778 arg1 ratio 780:784 the filling ratio 768:784 the filling ratio 768:784 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 29172447 3 58 theme CNFs 697:700 arg1 axis 685:688 The fiber axis 675:688 The fiber axis of the CNFs 675:700 The fiber axis of the CNFs became parallel to the surface of the PEO/CNF composite film when the filling ratio was >25 wt %. 26006711 1 0 theme plasma-induced 222:235 arg1 method 246:251 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 1 1 theme functional 396:405 arg1 groups 407:412 -OH functional groups 392:412 -OH functional groups 392:412 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 3 2 theme functional 517:526 arg1 groups 528:533 -OH functional groups 513:533 -OH functional groups 513:533 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 6 3 theme material 1184:1191 arg1 property 1161:1168 the adsorption property 1146:1168 the adsorption property of CNTs-based material 1146:1191 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 1 4 theme functional 150:159 arg1 groups 161:166 -OH functional groups 146:166 -OH functional groups 146:166 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 3 5 theme Cs+ 542:544 arg1 process 557:563 the Cs+ adsorption process 538:563 the Cs+ adsorption process 538:563 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 6 6 theme simulated 1056:1064 arg1 groundwater 1079:1089 simulated contaminated groundwater 1056:1089 simulated contaminated groundwater 1056:1089 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 1 7 theme functional 339:348 arg1 groups 350:355 few functional groups 335:355 few functional groups 335:355 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 6 8 used used 1098:1101 arg2 groundwater 1079:1089 simulated contaminated groundwater 1056:1089 simulated contaminated groundwater 1056:1089 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 5 9 theme simulated 800:808 arg1 groundwater 810:820 simulated groundwater 800:820 simulated groundwater 800:820 A comparison of contaminated seawater and simulated groundwater was also evaluated. 26006711 8 10 theme effective 1386:1394 arg1 material 1396:1403 effective material 1386:1403 effective material 1386:1403 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 4 11 theme environmental 687:699 arg1 conditions 701:710 environmental conditions 687:710 environmental conditions such as pH and contact time 687:738 The variation of environmental conditions such as pH and contact time was investigated. 26006711 4 11 theme environmental 687:699 arg1 pH 720:721 pH 720:721 pH 720:721 The variation of environmental conditions such as pH and contact time was investigated. 26006711 4 11 theme environmental 687:699 arg1 time 735:738 contact time 727:738 contact time 727:738 The variation of environmental conditions such as pH and contact time was investigated. 26006711 6 12 theme ions 896:899 arg1 1 871:871 1 871:871 1 871:871 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 12 theme ions 896:899 arg1 adsorption 878:887 the adsorption 874:887 the adsorption of Cs+ ions 874:899 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 12 theme ions 896:899 arg1 dependent 914:922 dependent 914:922 dependent 914:922 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 7 13 theme Cs+ 1288:1290 arg1 adsorption 1292:1301 Cs+ adsorption 1288:1301 Cs+ adsorption 1288:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 1 14 theme large 376:380 arg1 number 382:387 a large number 374:387 a large number of -OH functional groups 374:412 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 7 15 theme groups 1277:1282 arg1 effect 1252:1257 the effect 1248:1257 the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption 1248:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 5 16 theme groundwater 810:820 arg1 comparison 760:769 A comparison 758:769 A comparison of contaminated seawater and simulated groundwater 758:820 A comparison of contaminated seawater and simulated groundwater was also evaluated. 26006711 0 17 theme -OH 67:69 arg1 Group 82:86 the -OH Functional Group 63:86 the -OH Functional Group 63:86 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 1 18 from effect 136:141 arg1 adsorption 175:184 Cs+ adsorption 171:184 Cs+ adsorption 171:184 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 8 19 theme cesium 1442:1447 arg1 removal 1419:1425 the removal 1415:1425 the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment 1415:1550 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 6 20 theme competitive 938:948 arg1 cations 950:956 the competitive cations 934:956 the competitive cations 934:956 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 8 21 theme contaminated 1454:1465 arg1 groundwater 1467:1477 contaminated groundwater and seawater 1454:1490 groundwater 1467:1477 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 0 22 theme Cs+ 96:98 arg1 Adsorption 100:109 Cs+ Adsorption 96:109 Cs+ Adsorption 96:109 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 7 23 theme functional 1266:1275 arg1 groups 1277:1282 -OH functional groups 1262:1282 -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption 1262:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 1 24 dep nanotubes 283:291 arg1 denoted 294:300 denoted 294:300 denoted as CTS-g-CNTs 294:314 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 6 25 theme functional 995:1004 arg1 groups 1006:1011 the -OH functional groups 987:1011 the -OH functional groups 987:1011 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 26 theme contaminated 1112:1123 arg1 seawater 1125:1132 model contaminated seawater 1106:1132 model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material 1106:1191 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 4 27 theme contact 727:733 arg1 time 735:738 contact time 727:738 contact time 727:738 The variation of environmental conditions such as pH and contact time was investigated. 26006711 0 28 theme Chitosan-Grafted 10:25 arg1 Nanotubes 34:42 Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes 10:42 Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes 10:42 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 2 29 theme CTS-g-CNT 431:439 arg1 composites 441:450 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites 415:450 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites 415:450 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites were characterized using different techniques. 26006711 3 30 theme raw-CNTs 625:632 arg1 properties 611:620 the adsorption properties 596:620 the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan 596:667 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 0 31 theme Nanotubes 34:42 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 0:110 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 1 32 theme carbon 276:281 arg1 nanotubes 283:291 carbon nanotubes 276:291 carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs) 276:315 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 3 33 theme properties 611:620 arg1 comparison 582:591 comparison 582:591 comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan 582:667 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 8 34 theme future 1344:1349 arg1 directions 1351:1360 future directions 1344:1360 future directions to design 1344:1370 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 5 35 theme contaminated 774:785 arg1 seawater 787:794 contaminated seawater 774:794 contaminated seawater 774:794 A comparison of contaminated seawater and simulated groundwater was also evaluated. 26006711 7 36 theme direct 1215:1220 arg1 evidence 1236:1243 direct observational evidence 1215:1243 direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption 1215:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 1 37 used used 197:200 arg2 we 187:188 we 187:188 we 187:188 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 8 38 theme social 1533:1538 arg1 environment 1540:1550 the human social environment 1523:1550 the human social environment 1523:1550 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 6 39 theme Cs+ 892:894 arg1 ions 896:899 Cs+ ions 892:899 Cs+ ions 892:899 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 0 40 dep Design 0:5 arg1 Evaluation 45:54 Evaluation 45:54 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 0:110 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 1 41 theme temperature 210:220 arg1 method 246:251 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 6 42 theme positive 1020:1027 arg1 effect 1029:1034 a positive effect 1018:1034 a positive effect 1018:1034 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 1 43 theme -OH 392:394 arg1 groups 407:412 -OH functional groups 392:412 -OH functional groups 392:412 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 3 44 theme -OH 513:515 arg1 groups 528:533 -OH functional groups 513:533 -OH functional groups 513:533 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 1 45 theme grafting 237:244 arg1 method 246:251 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 1 46 theme groups 407:412 arg1 number 382:387 a large number 374:387 a large number of -OH functional groups 374:412 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 1 47 theme -OH 146:148 arg1 groups 161:166 -OH functional groups 146:166 -OH functional groups 146:166 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 6 48 theme CNTs-based 1173:1182 arg1 material 1184:1191 CNTs-based material 1173:1191 CNTs-based material 1173:1191 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 1 49 theme groups 161:166 arg1 effect 136:141 the effect 132:141 the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption 132:184 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 4 50 theme conditions 701:710 arg1 variation 674:682 The variation 670:682 The variation of environmental conditions such as pH and contact time 670:738 The variation of environmental conditions such as pH and contact time was investigated. 26006711 6 51 theme contaminated 1066:1077 arg1 groundwater 1079:1089 simulated contaminated groundwater 1056:1089 simulated contaminated groundwater 1056:1089 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 3 52 theme groups 528:533 arg1 effect 503:508 The effect 499:508 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process 499:563 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 1 53 theme Cs+ 171:173 arg1 adsorption 175:184 Cs+ adsorption 171:184 Cs+ adsorption 171:184 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 6 54 dep dependent 914:922 arg1 1 871:871 1 871:871 1 871:871 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 54 dep dependent 914:922 arg1 adsorption 878:887 the adsorption 874:887 the adsorption of Cs+ ions 874:899 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 54 dep dependent 914:922 arg1 dependent 914:922 dependent 914:922 dependent 914:922 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 55 theme adsorption 1150:1159 arg1 property 1161:1168 the adsorption property 1146:1168 the adsorption property of CNTs-based material 1146:1191 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 56 dep used 1098:1101 arg1 3 1053:1053 3 1053:1053 3 1053:1053 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 3 57 theme adsorption 546:555 arg1 process 557:563 the Cs+ adsorption process 538:563 the Cs+ adsorption process 538:563 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 6 58 theme CNT-based 967:975 arg1 material 977:984 CNT-based material 967:984 CNT-based material 967:984 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 59 dep seawater 1125:1132 arg1 evaluate 1137:1144 evaluate 1137:1144 to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material 1134:1191 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 8 60 theme radioactive 1430:1440 arg1 cesium 1442:1447 radioactive cesium 1430:1447 radioactive cesium 1430:1447 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 6 61 theme model 1106:1110 arg1 seawater 1125:1132 model contaminated seawater 1106:1132 model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material 1106:1191 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 3 62 from effect 503:508 arg1 process 557:563 the Cs+ adsorption process 538:563 the Cs+ adsorption process 538:563 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 0 63 theme Functional 71:80 arg1 Group 82:86 the -OH Functional Group 63:86 the -OH Functional Group 63:86 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 6 64 contain have 1013:1016 arg1 groups 1006:1011 the -OH functional groups 987:1011 the -OH functional groups 987:1011 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 6 64 contain have 1013:1016 arg2 effect 1029:1034 a positive effect 1018:1034 a positive effect 1018:1034 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 7 65 theme -OH 1262:1264 arg1 groups 1277:1282 -OH functional groups 1262:1282 -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption 1262:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 2 66 theme different 477:485 arg1 techniques 487:496 different techniques 477:496 different techniques 477:496 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites were characterized using different techniques. 26006711 5 67 theme seawater 787:794 arg1 comparison 760:769 A comparison 758:769 A comparison of contaminated seawater and simulated groundwater 758:820 A comparison of contaminated seawater and simulated groundwater was also evaluated. 26006711 1 68 theme few 335:337 arg1 groups 350:355 few functional groups 335:355 few functional groups 335:355 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 8 69 theme crucial 1493:1499 arg1 groundwater 1467:1477 contaminated groundwater and seawater 1454:1490 groundwater 1467:1477 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 0 70 theme Carbon 27:32 arg1 Nanotubes 34:42 Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes 10:42 Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes 10:42 Design of Chitosan-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Evaluation of How the -OH Functional Group Affects Cs+ Adsorption. 26006711 1 71 theme graft 256:260 arg1 chitosan 262:269 graft chitosan 256:269 graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs) 256:315 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 6 72 theme -OH 991:993 arg1 groups 1006:1011 the -OH functional groups 987:1011 the -OH functional groups 987:1011 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 8 73 theme public 1505:1510 arg1 health 1512:1517 public health 1505:1517 public health 1505:1517 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 6 74 dep have 1013:1016 arg1 2 960:960 2 960:960 2 960:960 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 8 75 from seawater 1483:1490 arg1 removal 1419:1425 the removal 1415:1425 the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment 1415:1550 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 7 76 theme observational 1222:1234 arg1 evidence 1236:1243 direct observational evidence 1215:1243 direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption 1215:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 2 77 theme synthesized 419:429 arg1 composites 441:450 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites 415:450 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites 415:450 The synthesized CTS-g-CNT composites were characterized using different techniques. 26006711 3 78 theme adsorption 600:609 arg1 properties 611:620 the adsorption properties 596:620 the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan 596:667 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 1 79 contain has 370:372 arg2 number 382:387 a large number 374:387 a large number of -OH functional groups 374:412 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 1 79 contain has 370:372 arg1 chitosan 361:368 chitosan 361:368 chitosan 361:368 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 8 80 from groundwater 1467:1477 arg1 removal 1419:1425 the removal 1415:1425 the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment 1415:1550 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 7 81 from evidence 1236:1243 arg1 effect 1252:1257 the effect 1248:1257 the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption 1248:1301 These results showed direct observational evidence on the effect of -OH functional groups for Cs+ adsorption. 26006711 8 82 theme human 1527:1531 arg1 environment 1540:1550 the human social environment 1523:1550 the human social environment 1523:1550 Our findings are important in providing future directions to design and to choose effective material to remedy the removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated groundwater and seawater, crucial for public health and the human social environment. 26006711 6 83 theme Cs+ 1039:1041 arg1 removal 1043:1049 Cs+ removal 1039:1049 Cs+ removal 1039:1049 The results indicated that: (1) the adsorption of Cs+ ions was strongly dependent on pH and the competitive cations; (2) for CNT-based material, the -OH functional groups have a positive effect on Cs+ removal; (3) simulated contaminated groundwater can be used to model contaminated seawater to evaluate the adsorption property of CNTs-based material. 26006711 1 84 theme low 206:208 arg1 temperature 210:220 the low temperature 202:220 the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method 202:251 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 1 85 contain have 330:333 arg1 raw-CNTs 321:328 raw-CNTs 321:328 raw-CNTs 321:328 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 1 85 contain have 330:333 arg2 groups 350:355 few functional groups 335:355 few functional groups 335:355 In order to explore the effect of -OH functional groups in Cs+ adsorption, we herein used the low temperature plasma-induced grafting method to graft chitosan onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as CTS-g-CNTs), as raw-CNTs have few functional groups and chitosan has a large number of -OH functional groups. 26006711 3 86 dep raw-CNTs 625:632 arg1 with 634:637 with 634:637 with 634:637 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 26006711 3 86 dep raw-CNTs 625:632 arg1 grafting 651:658 grafting 651:658 grafting chitosan 651:667 The effect of -OH functional groups in the Cs+ adsorption process was evaluated by comparison of the adsorption properties of raw-CNTs with and without grafting chitosan. 25864057 7 0 theme control 1150:1156 arg1 samples 1091:1097 The resulting samples 1077:1097 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose 1077:1143 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 7 0 theme control 1150:1156 arg1 treated>DF=MF-SFE 1181:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 10 1 theme lowest 1640:1645 arg1 odor 1654:1657 rancid odor 1647:1657 rancid odor 1647:1657 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 1 2 theme ingredients 255:265 arg1 characteristics 236:250 sensory characteristics 228:250 sensory characteristics 228:250 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 1 2 theme ingredients 255:265 arg1 properties 213:222 compositional properties 199:222 compositional properties 199:222 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 0 3 theme buttermilk 74:83 arg1 products 41:48 products 41:48 products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk 41:83 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 7 4 from samples 1091:1097 arg1 order 1102:1106 order 1102:1106 order of concentration for fat and lactose 1102:1143 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 10 5 theme rancid 1513:1518 arg1 odor 1520:1523 rancid odor 1513:1523 rancid odor 1513:1523 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 8 6 theme whey 1310:1313 arg1 proteins 1315:1322 less whey proteins 1305:1322 less whey proteins 1305:1322 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling showed negligible casein for WBM versus CBM and less whey proteins for CBM versus WBM, as expected. 25864057 4 7 theme SFE 729:731 arg1 products 743:750 SFE resulting products 729:750 SFE resulting products 729:750 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 5 8 theme descriptive 911:921 arg1 analysis 923:930 descriptive analysis 911:930 descriptive analysis 911:930 Eleven trained panelists assessed samples using descriptive analysis. 25864057 10 9 theme cardboard 1526:1534 arg1 flavors 1545:1551 cardboard and sour flavors 1526:1551 cardboard and sour flavors 1526:1551 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 8 10 theme sulfate-PAGE 1226:1237 arg1 profiling 1247:1255 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling 1211:1255 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling 1211:1255 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling showed negligible casein for WBM versus CBM and less whey proteins for CBM versus WBM, as expected. 25864057 2 11 theme whey 504:507 arg1 processing 509:518 whey processing 504:518 whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) 504:541 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 3 12 theme SFE 693:695 arg1 treatment 697:705 SFE treatment 693:705 SFE treatment 693:705 Using MF or microfiltration followed by diafiltration (MF-DF), we obtained resulting retentates that were dried and then were subjected to SFE treatment. 25864057 4 13 theme retentates 790:799 arg1 products 801:808 all treated retentates products 778:808 all treated retentates products 778:808 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 10 14 theme cardboard 1663:1671 arg1 flavor 1673:1678 cardboard flavor 1663:1678 cardboard flavor 1663:1678 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 7 15 theme resulting 1081:1089 arg1 samples 1091:1097 The resulting samples 1077:1097 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose 1077:1143 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 7 15 theme resulting 1081:1089 arg1 treated>DF=MF-SFE 1181:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 6 16 contain had 1007:1009 arg2 β-LG 1041:1044 β-LG 1041:1044 β-LG 1041:1044 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 16 contain had 1007:1009 arg2 protein 1025:1031 similar total protein 1011:1031 similar total protein 1011:1031 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 16 contain had 1007:1009 arg2 lactose 1068:1074 very low lactose 1059:1074 very low lactose 1059:1074 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 16 contain had 1007:1009 arg1 WBM 1003:1005 the WBM 999:1005 the WBM 999:1005 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 16 contain had 1007:1009 arg2 α-LA 1050:1053 α-LA 1050:1053 α-LA 1050:1053 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 4 17 theme treated 782:788 arg1 products 801:808 all treated retentates products 778:808 all treated retentates products 778:808 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 4 18 theme resulting 733:741 arg1 products 743:750 SFE resulting products 729:750 SFE resulting products 729:750 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 1 19 theme work 175:178 arg1 objectives 156:165 The objectives 152:165 The objectives of this work 152:178 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 7 20 theme concentration 1111:1123 arg1 order 1102:1106 order 1102:1106 order of concentration for fat and lactose 1102:1143 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 1 21 dep microfiltration 332:346 arg1 extraction 402:411 extraction 402:411 extraction 402:411 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 7 22 theme samples>SFE 1158:1168 arg1 samples 1091:1097 The resulting samples 1077:1097 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose 1077:1143 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 7 22 theme samples>SFE 1158:1168 arg1 treated>DF=MF-SFE 1181:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 7 23 theme treated>MF 1170:1179 arg1 samples 1091:1097 The resulting samples 1077:1097 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose 1077:1143 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 7 23 theme treated>MF 1170:1179 arg1 treated>DF=MF-SFE 1181:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE 1150:1197 The resulting samples in order of concentration for fat and lactose were control samples>SFE treated>MF treated>DF=MF-SFE and DF-SFE. 25864057 10 24 theme significant 1450:1460 arg1 differences 1462:1472 significant differences 1450:1472 significant differences 1450:1472 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 10 25 theme salty 1564:1568 arg1 tastes 1570:1575 sweet and salty tastes 1554:1575 sweet and salty tastes 1554:1575 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 0 26 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 differences 26:36 Compositional and sensory differences 0:36 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk 0:83 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 1 27 theme sweet-cream 288:298 arg1 buttermilks 315:325 sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks 288:325 sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks 288:325 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 3 28 theme resulting 629:637 arg1 retentates 639:648 resulting retentates 629:648 resulting retentates that were dried and then were subjected to SFE treatment 629:705 Using MF or microfiltration followed by diafiltration (MF-DF), we obtained resulting retentates that were dried and then were subjected to SFE treatment. 25864057 6 29 theme total 1019:1023 arg1 α-LA 1050:1053 α-LA 1050:1053 α-LA 1050:1053 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 29 theme total 1019:1023 arg1 protein 1025:1031 similar total protein 1011:1031 similar total protein 1011:1031 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 29 theme total 1019:1023 arg1 β-LG 1041:1044 β-LG 1041:1044 β-LG 1041:1044 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 30 theme Sweet-cream 933:943 arg1 buttermilk 945:954 Sweet-cream buttermilk 933:954 Sweet-cream buttermilk 933:954 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 2 31 theme Sweet-cream 414:424 arg1 CBM 438:440 CBM 438:440 CBM 438:440 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 2 31 theme Sweet-cream 414:424 arg1 buttermilk 426:435 Sweet-cream buttermilk 414:435 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) 414:441 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 0 32 theme sensory 18:24 arg1 differences 26:36 Compositional and sensory differences 0:36 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk 0:83 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 1 33 theme whey-cream 304:313 arg1 buttermilks 315:325 sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks 288:325 sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks 288:325 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 1 34 theme supercritical 378:390 arg1 SFE 397:399 SFE 397:399 SFE 397:399 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 1 34 theme supercritical 378:390 arg1 CO2 392:394 supercritical CO2 378:394 supercritical CO2 (SFE) 378:400 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 4 35 theme Control 708:714 arg1 buttermilks 716:726 Control buttermilks 708:726 Control buttermilks 708:726 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 0 36 theme products 41:48 arg1 differences 26:36 Compositional and sensory differences 0:36 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk 0:83 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 1 37 theme compositional 199:211 arg1 properties 213:222 compositional properties 199:222 compositional properties 199:222 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 0 38 theme supercritical 133:145 arg1 CO2 147:149 supercritical CO2 133:149 supercritical CO2 133:149 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 4 39 theme MF-DF 764:768 arg1 SFE 770:772 MF-DF SFE 764:772 MF-DF SFE 764:772 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 8 40 theme protein 1239:1245 arg1 profiling 1247:1255 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling 1211:1255 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling 1211:1255 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling showed negligible casein for WBM versus CBM and less whey proteins for CBM versus WBM, as expected. 25864057 0 41 theme sweet-cream 53:63 arg1 products 41:48 products 41:48 products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk 41:83 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 4 42 theme treatments×2 840:851 arg1 batches 853:859 2 types×4 treatments×2 batches 830:859 2 types×4 treatments×2 batches 830:859 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 4 42 theme treatments×2 840:851 arg1 samples 821:827 16 samples 818:827 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches) 818:860 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 6 43 theme low 1064:1066 arg1 lactose 1068:1074 very low lactose 1059:1074 very low lactose 1059:1074 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 8 44 theme negligible 1264:1273 arg1 casein 1275:1280 negligible casein 1264:1280 negligible casein 1264:1280 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE protein profiling showed negligible casein for WBM versus CBM and less whey proteins for CBM versus WBM, as expected. 25864057 2 45 theme whey 521:524 arg1 WBM 538:540 WBM 538:540 WBM 538:540 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 2 45 theme whey 521:524 arg1 buttermilk 526:535 whey buttermilk 521:535 whey buttermilk 521:535 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 4 46 theme types×4 832:838 arg1 batches 853:859 2 types×4 treatments×2 batches 830:859 2 types×4 treatments×2 batches 830:859 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 4 46 theme types×4 832:838 arg1 samples 821:827 16 samples 818:827 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches) 818:860 Control buttermilks, SFE resulting products, and MF and MF-DF SFE and all treated retentates products totaled 16 samples (2 types×4 treatments×2 batches). 25864057 10 47 theme SFE-treated 1613:1623 arg1 samples 1625:1631 SFE-treated samples 1613:1631 SFE-treated samples 1613:1631 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 10 48 theme sweet 1554:1558 arg1 tastes 1570:1575 sweet and salty tastes 1554:1575 sweet and salty tastes 1554:1575 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 5 49 theme trained 870:876 arg1 panelists 878:886 Eleven trained panelists 863:886 Eleven trained panelists 863:886 Eleven trained panelists assessed samples using descriptive analysis. 25864057 1 50 dep properties 213:222 arg1 the 195:197 the 195:197 the 195:197 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 2 51 dep processing 509:518 arg1 WBM 538:540 WBM 538:540 WBM 538:540 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 2 51 dep processing 509:518 arg1 buttermilk 526:535 whey buttermilk 521:535 whey buttermilk 521:535 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 1 52 theme sensory 228:234 arg1 characteristics 236:250 sensory characteristics 228:250 sensory characteristics 228:250 The objectives of this work were to assess the compositional properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients produced by treating sweet-cream and whey-cream buttermilks with microfiltration (MF), diafiltration (DF), and supercritical CO2 (SFE) extraction. 25864057 0 53 theme whey 69:72 arg1 buttermilk 74:83 whey buttermilk 69:83 whey buttermilk 69:83 Compositional and sensory differences of products of sweet-cream and whey buttermilk produced by microfiltration, diafiltration, and supercritical CO2. 25864057 2 54 from processing 509:518 arg1 fat 495:497 the residual fat 482:497 the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) 482:541 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 10 55 theme sour 1540:1543 arg1 flavors 1545:1551 cardboard and sour flavors 1526:1551 cardboard and sour flavors 1526:1551 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 6 56 theme similar 1011:1017 arg1 α-LA 1050:1053 α-LA 1050:1053 α-LA 1050:1053 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 56 theme similar 1011:1017 arg1 protein 1025:1031 similar total protein 1011:1031 similar total protein 1011:1031 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 6 56 theme similar 1011:1017 arg1 β-LG 1041:1044 β-LG 1041:1044 β-LG 1041:1044 Sweet-cream buttermilk was higher in protein and lactose, whereas the WBM had similar total protein, mainly β-LG and α-LA but very low lactose. 25864057 2 57 used used 548:551 arg2 buttermilk 426:435 Sweet-cream buttermilk 414:435 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) 414:441 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 2 57 used used 548:551 arg2 buttermilk 447:456 buttermilk 447:456 buttermilk 447:456 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 2 57 used used 548:551 arg2 CBM 438:440 CBM 438:440 CBM 438:440 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 2 58 theme residual 486:493 arg1 fat 495:497 the residual fat 482:497 the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) 482:541 Sweet-cream buttermilk (CBM) and buttermilk resulting from churning the residual fat from whey processing (whey buttermilk, WBM) were used. 25864057 10 59 theme rancid 1647:1652 arg1 odor 1654:1657 rancid odor 1647:1657 rancid odor 1647:1657 Regarding the treatments, significant differences were obtained on homogeneity, opacity, rancid odor, cardboard and sour flavors, sweet and salty tastes, viscosity, and mouthcoating, where SFE-treated samples showed lowest rancid odor and cardboard flavor. 25864057 9 60 theme Whey 1357:1360 arg1 buttermilk 1362:1371 Whey buttermilk 1357:1371 Whey buttermilk 1357:1371 Whey buttermilk was more yellow, salty, sour, and rancid than CBM. 27561482 6 0 theme composite 1152:1160 arg1 films 1162:1166 WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films 1121:1166 WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films 1121:1166 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 4 1 theme protein 769:775 arg1 crosslinking 748:759 crosslinking 748:759 crosslinking of whey protein 748:775 SDS-PAGE confirmed that TGase catalyzed crosslinking of whey protein. 27561482 8 2 theme edible 1447:1452 arg1 films 1464:1468 edible packaging films 1447:1468 edible packaging films 1447:1468 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 1 3 theme properties 194:203 arg1 advantage 156:164 the advantage 152:164 the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components 152:232 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 6 4 theme vapor 1067:1071 arg1 properties 1081:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 0 5 theme transglutaminase 93:108 arg1 treatment 110:118 transglutaminase treatment 93:118 transglutaminase treatment 93:118 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 27561482 3 6 theme CMC 647:649 arg1 ratios 658:663 CMC volume ratios 647:663 CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75) 647:705 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 4 7 theme whey 764:767 arg1 protein 769:775 whey protein 764:775 whey protein 764:775 SDS-PAGE confirmed that TGase catalyzed crosslinking of whey protein. 27561482 5 8 theme CMC 800:802 arg1 incorporation 804:816 CMC incorporation 800:816 CMC incorporation 800:816 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 3 9 dep % 592:592 arg1 w/v 595:597 w/v 595:597 w/v 595:597 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 7 10 with films 1315:1319 arg1 properties 1351:1360 some improved functional properties 1326:1360 some improved functional properties 1326:1360 Therefore, TGase successfully facilitated the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties. 27561482 5 11 theme mechanical 948:957 arg1 properties 959:968 mechanical properties 948:968 mechanical properties 948:968 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 1 12 contain has 148:150 arg2 advantage 156:164 the advantage 152:164 the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components 152:232 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 1 12 contain has 148:150 arg1 packaging 138:146 Edible composite packaging 121:146 Edible composite packaging 121:146 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 2 13 theme composite 320:328 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 5 14 theme even 841:844 arg1 microstructure 854:867 a smooth and even surface microstructure 828:867 a smooth and even surface microstructure 828:867 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 6 15 theme water 1061:1065 arg1 properties 1081:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 6 16 theme WPC-CMC 1121:1127 arg1 films 1162:1166 WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films 1121:1166 WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films 1121:1166 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 3 17 theme aqueous 571:577 arg1 solutions 579:587 WPC aqueous solutions 567:587 WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) 567:635 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 17 theme aqueous 571:577 arg1 % 592:592 10% 590:592 10% 590:592 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 7 18 theme composite 1305:1313 arg1 films 1315:1319 WPC-CMC composite films 1297:1319 WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties 1297:1360 Therefore, TGase successfully facilitated the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties. 27561482 6 19 theme films 1162:1166 arg1 properties 1081:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 6 19 theme films 1162:1166 arg1 properties 1107:1116 mechanical properties 1096:1116 mechanical properties 1096:1116 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 7 20 theme films 1315:1319 arg1 formation 1284:1292 the formation 1280:1292 the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties 1280:1360 Therefore, TGase successfully facilitated the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties. 27561482 2 21 theme CMC 315:317 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 2 22 from reports 244:250 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 8 23 theme packaging 1454:1462 arg1 films 1464:1468 edible packaging films 1447:1468 edible packaging films 1447:1468 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 3 24 theme properties 441:450 arg1 preparation 383:393 the preparation 379:393 the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties 379:450 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 6 25 theme barrier 1073:1079 arg1 properties 1081:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 1 26 theme each 214:217 arg1 bio-components 219:232 its each bio-components 210:232 its each bio-components 210:232 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 3 27 theme films 416:420 arg1 preparation 383:393 the preparation 379:393 the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties 379:450 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 28 theme 100:0 669:673 arg1 ratios 658:663 CMC volume ratios 647:663 CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75) 647:705 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 29 theme functional 430:439 arg1 properties 441:450 its functional properties 426:450 its functional properties 426:450 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 30 with solutions 579:587 arg1 solutions 617:625 CMC aqueous solutions 605:625 CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) 605:635 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 30 with solutions 579:587 arg1 % 629:629 3% 628:629 3% 628:629 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 31 theme volume 651:656 arg1 ratios 658:663 CMC volume ratios 647:663 CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75) 647:705 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 7 32 theme improved 1331:1338 arg1 properties 1351:1360 some improved functional properties 1326:1360 some improved functional properties 1326:1360 Therefore, TGase successfully facilitated the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties. 27561482 1 33 theme Edible 121:126 arg1 packaging 138:146 Edible composite packaging 121:146 Edible composite packaging 121:146 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 6 34 theme composite 1221:1229 arg1 films 1231:1235 composite films 1221:1235 composite films 1221:1235 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 0 35 theme protein-carboxymethylated 25:49 arg1 films 70:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films 20:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment 20:118 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 27561482 6 36 dep 75:25 1130:1134 arg1 v/v 1147:1149 v/v 1147:1149 v/v 1147:1149 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 6 37 theme films 1231:1235 arg1 stability 1208:1216 thermal stability 1200:1216 thermal stability of composite films 1200:1235 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 1 38 theme composite 128:136 arg1 packaging 138:146 Edible composite packaging 121:146 Edible composite packaging 121:146 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 6 39 dep properties 1081:1090 arg1 the 1057:1059 the 1057:1059 the 1057:1059 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 0 40 theme whey 20:23 arg1 films 70:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films 20:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment 20:118 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 27561482 5 41 theme surface 846:852 arg1 microstructure 854:867 a smooth and even surface microstructure 828:867 a smooth and even surface microstructure 828:867 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 6 42 theme mechanical 1096:1105 arg1 properties 1107:1116 mechanical properties 1096:1116 mechanical properties 1096:1116 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 7 43 theme WPC-CMC 1297:1303 arg1 films 1315:1319 WPC-CMC composite films 1297:1319 WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties 1297:1360 Therefore, TGase successfully facilitated the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties. 27561482 3 44 theme composite 406:414 arg1 films 416:420 WPC-CMC composite films 398:420 WPC-CMC composite films 398:420 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 0 45 theme composite 60:68 arg1 films 70:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films 20:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment 20:118 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 27561482 5 46 theme water 922:926 arg1 properties 936:945 water barrier properties 922:945 water barrier properties 922:945 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 3 47 theme composite 475:483 arg1 films 485:489 WPC-CMC composite films 467:489 WPC-CMC composite films 467:489 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 0 48 theme chitosan 51:58 arg1 films 70:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films 20:74 whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment 20:118 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 27561482 6 49 theme stability 1208:1216 arg1 impairment 1186:1195 no impairment 1183:1195 no impairment of thermal stability of composite films 1183:1235 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 5 50 theme composite 992:1000 arg1 film 1002:1005 the composite film 988:1005 the composite film 988:1005 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 2 51 theme concentrates 268:279 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 3 52 theme films 485:489 arg1 types 458:462 four types 453:462 four types of WPC-CMC composite films 453:489 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 6 53 theme thermal 1200:1206 arg1 stability 1208:1216 thermal stability 1200:1216 thermal stability of composite films 1200:1235 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 5 54 theme film 1002:1005 arg1 transparency 908:919 the transparency 904:919 the transparency 904:919 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 5 54 theme film 1002:1005 arg1 solubility 974:983 solubility 974:983 solubility 974:983 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 5 54 theme film 1002:1005 arg1 properties 936:945 water barrier properties 922:945 water barrier properties 922:945 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 5 54 theme film 1002:1005 arg1 properties 959:968 mechanical properties 948:968 mechanical properties 948:968 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 2 55 theme protein 260:266 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 0 56 theme films 70:74 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 0:119 Characterization of whey protein-carboxymethylated chitosan composite films with and without transglutaminase treatment. 27561482 3 57 theme WPC-CMC 398:404 arg1 films 416:420 WPC-CMC composite films 398:420 WPC-CMC composite films 398:420 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 2 58 theme whey 255:258 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 6 59 from improvement 1042:1052 arg1 properties 1081:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 water vapor barrier properties 1061:1090 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 6 59 from improvement 1042:1052 arg1 properties 1107:1116 mechanical properties 1096:1116 mechanical properties 1096:1116 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 3 60 theme Transglutaminase 522:537 arg1 treatment 547:555 Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment 522:555 Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment 522:555 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 61 theme aqueous 609:615 arg1 solutions 617:625 CMC aqueous solutions 605:625 CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) 605:635 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 61 theme aqueous 609:615 arg1 % 629:629 3% 628:629 3% 628:629 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 8 62 theme potential 1375:1383 arg1 applications 1385:1396 potential applications 1375:1396 potential applications 1375:1396 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 8 62 theme potential 1375:1383 arg1 approach 1416:1423 an alternative approach 1401:1423 an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films 1401:1468 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 2 63 theme chitosan 305:312 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 5 64 theme barrier 928:934 arg1 properties 936:945 water barrier properties 922:945 water barrier properties 922:945 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 5 65 theme smooth 830:835 arg1 microstructure 854:867 a smooth and even surface microstructure 828:867 a smooth and even surface microstructure 828:867 Results revealed that CMC incorporation conferred a smooth and even surface microstructure on the films and markedly improved the transparency, water barrier properties, mechanical properties and solubility of the composite film. 27561482 3 66 theme 25:75 700:704 arg1 ratios 658:663 CMC volume ratios 647:663 CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75) 647:705 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 2 67 theme -carboxymethylated 286:303 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 8 68 theme alternative 1404:1414 arg1 applications 1385:1396 potential applications 1375:1396 potential applications 1375:1396 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 8 68 theme alternative 1404:1414 arg1 approach 1416:1423 an alternative approach 1401:1423 an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films 1401:1468 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 6 69 dep WPC-CMC 1121:1127 arg1 50:50 1140:1144 50:50 1140:1144 50:50 1140:1144 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 6 69 dep WPC-CMC 1121:1127 arg1 75:25 1130:1134 75:25 1130:1134 75:25 1130:1134 Furthermore, TGase resulted in an improvement in the water vapor barrier properties and mechanical properties of WPC-CMC (75:25 and 50:50, v/v) composite films, and there was no impairment of thermal stability of composite films. 27561482 3 70 dep % 629:629 arg1 w/v 632:634 w/v 632:634 w/v 632:634 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 7 71 theme functional 1340:1349 arg1 properties 1351:1360 some improved functional properties 1326:1360 some improved functional properties 1326:1360 Therefore, TGase successfully facilitated the formation of WPC-CMC composite films with some improved functional properties. 27561482 3 72 theme CMC 605:607 arg1 solutions 617:625 CMC aqueous solutions 605:625 CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) 605:635 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 72 theme CMC 605:607 arg1 % 629:629 3% 628:629 3% 628:629 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 8 73 theme films 1464:1468 arg1 preparation 1432:1442 the preparation 1428:1442 the preparation of edible packaging films 1428:1468 This offers potential applications as an alternative approach to the preparation of edible packaging films. 27561482 1 74 theme complementary 169:181 arg1 properties 194:203 complementary functional properties 169:203 complementary functional properties 169:203 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 27561482 3 75 theme WPC-CMC 467:473 arg1 films 485:489 WPC-CMC composite films 467:489 WPC-CMC composite films 467:489 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 76 theme WPC 567:569 arg1 solutions 579:587 WPC aqueous solutions 567:587 WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) 567:635 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 3 76 theme WPC 567:569 arg1 % 592:592 10% 590:592 10% 590:592 To investigate the preparation of WPC-CMC composite films and its functional properties, four types of WPC-CMC composite films were prepared with and without Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment by mixing WPC aqueous solutions (10%, w/v) with CMC aqueous solutions (3%, w/v) at WPC to CMC volume ratios of (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75). 27561482 2 77 theme WPC 282:284 arg1 films 330:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films 255:334 However, reports on whey protein concentrates (WPC)-carboxymethylated chitosan (CMC) composite films have not yet been released. 27561482 1 78 theme functional 183:192 arg1 properties 194:203 complementary functional properties 169:203 complementary functional properties 169:203 Edible composite packaging has the advantage of complementary functional properties over its each bio-components. 28941021 0 0 theme stem 98:101 arg1 cells 103:107 human pluripotent stem cells 80:107 human pluripotent stem cells 80:107 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 7 1 theme cells 1157:1161 arg1 attachment 1092:1101 the robust attachment 1081:1101 the robust attachment 1081:1101 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 7 1 theme cells 1157:1161 arg1 expansion 1104:1112 expansion 1104:1112 expansion 1104:1112 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 7 1 theme cells 1157:1161 arg1 maintenance 1119:1129 maintenance 1119:1129 maintenance 1119:1129 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 6 2 used used 939:942 arg2 polymerization 851:864 Plasma polymerization 844:864 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 844:928 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. 28941021 9 3 theme stem 1474:1477 arg1 cells 1479:1483 pluripotent stem cells 1462:1483 pluripotent stem cells 1462:1483 Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 0 4 theme pluripotent 86:96 arg1 cells 103:107 human pluripotent stem cells 80:107 human pluripotent stem cells 80:107 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 8 5 theme Compositional 1164:1176 arg1 analysis 1178:1185 Compositional analysis 1164:1185 Compositional analysis 1164:1185 Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6-O- and N-sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS-coated surfaces. 28941021 10 6 theme affinity-purified 1503:1519 arg1 sugars 1529:1534 affinity-purified heparan sugars 1503:1534 affinity-purified heparan sugars 1503:1534 We conclude that affinity-purified heparan sugars are able to coat materials to efficiently bind adhesive factors for biomedical applications. 28941021 9 7 theme HS9 1354:1356 arg1 coating 1358:1364 HS9 coating 1354:1364 HS9 coating 1354:1364 Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 7 8 theme pluripotent 1140:1150 arg1 cells 1157:1161 human pluripotent stem cells 1134:1161 human pluripotent stem cells 1134:1161 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 12 9 dep Res 1675:1677 arg1 106B 1702:1705 106B 1702:1705 106B 1702:1705 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 28941021 12 9 dep Res 1675:1677 arg1 B 1684:1684 Part B 1679:1684 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 1660:1723 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 28941021 12 9 dep Res 1675:1677 arg1 Biomater 1692:1699 Biomater 1692:1699 Biomater 1692:1699 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 28941021 12 9 dep Res 1675:1677 arg1 2018 1719:1722 2018 1719:1722 2018 1719:1722 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 28941021 5 10 link enzyme-linked 752:764 arg1 assay 780:784 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 752:784 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 752:792 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 10 link enzyme-linked 752:764 arg1 ELISA 787:791 ELISA 787:791 ELISA 787:791 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 7 11 theme stem 1152:1155 arg1 cells 1157:1161 human pluripotent stem cells 1134:1161 human pluripotent stem cells 1134:1161 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 6 12 theme allylamine 869:878 arg1 polymerization 851:864 Plasma polymerization 844:864 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 844:928 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. 28941021 7 13 theme layered 1055:1061 arg1 surface 1063:1069 this layered surface 1050:1069 this layered surface 1050:1069 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 6 14 theme culture-treated 895:909 arg1 TCPS 924:927 tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 888:928 tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 888:928 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. 28941021 9 15 theme VN 1405:1406 arg1 concentration 1388:1400 the threshold concentration 1374:1400 the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells 1374:1483 Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 8 16 theme greater 1246:1252 arg1 lengths 1238:1244 lengths 1238:1244 lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) 1238:1288 Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6-O- and N-sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS-coated surfaces. 28941021 10 17 theme heparan 1521:1527 arg1 sugars 1529:1534 affinity-purified heparan sugars 1503:1534 affinity-purified heparan sugars 1503:1534 We conclude that affinity-purified heparan sugars are able to coat materials to efficiently bind adhesive factors for biomedical applications. 28941021 10 18 theme biomedical 1604:1613 arg1 applications 1615:1626 biomedical applications 1604:1626 biomedical applications 1604:1626 We conclude that affinity-purified heparan sugars are able to coat materials to efficiently bind adhesive factors for biomedical applications. 28941021 5 19 theme immunosorbent 766:778 arg1 assay 780:784 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 752:784 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 752:792 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 19 theme immunosorbent 766:778 arg1 ELISA 787:791 ELISA 787:791 ELISA 787:791 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 7 20 theme human 1134:1138 arg1 cells 1157:1161 human pluripotent stem cells 1134:1161 human pluripotent stem cells 1134:1161 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 10 21 theme adhesive 1583:1590 arg1 factors 1592:1598 adhesive factors 1583:1598 adhesive factors for biomedical applications 1583:1626 We conclude that affinity-purified heparan sugars are able to coat materials to efficiently bind adhesive factors for biomedical applications. 28941021 5 22 theme -based 829:834 arg1 assays 836:841 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays 752:841 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays 752:841 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 6 23 theme Plasma 844:849 arg1 polymerization 851:864 Plasma polymerization 844:864 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 844:928 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. 28941021 1 24 with devices 134:140 arg1 polypeptides 147:158 polypeptides 147:158 polypeptides 147:158 Functionalizing medical devices with polypeptides to enhance their performance has become important for improved clinical success. 28941021 5 25 theme HS9 730:732 arg1 specificity 715:725 specificity 715:725 specificity 715:725 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 25 theme HS9 730:732 arg1 avidity 703:709 Binding avidity 695:709 Binding avidity 695:709 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 8 26 theme VN 1307:1308 arg1 binding 1310:1316 VN binding 1307:1316 VN binding to HS-coated surfaces 1307:1338 Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6-O- and N-sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS-coated surfaces. 28941021 10 27 theme coat 1548:1551 arg1 materials 1553:1561 coat materials 1548:1561 coat materials 1548:1561 We conclude that affinity-purified heparan sugars are able to coat materials to efficiently bind adhesive factors for biomedical applications. 28941021 1 28 theme improved 214:221 arg1 success 232:238 improved clinical success 214:238 improved clinical success 214:238 Functionalizing medical devices with polypeptides to enhance their performance has become important for improved clinical success. 28941021 0 29 theme heparan 38:44 arg1 sulfates 46:53 vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates 18:53 vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates 18:53 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 4 30 theme affinity 548:555 arg1 chromatography 557:570 sequence-based affinity chromatography 533:570 sequence-based affinity chromatography 533:570 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 2 31 theme effective 312:320 arg1 coating 322:328 an effective coating 309:328 an effective coating 309:328 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 31 theme effective 312:320 arg1 vitronectin 289:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin 241:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) 241:304 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 1 32 theme clinical 223:230 arg1 success 232:238 improved clinical success 214:238 improved clinical success 214:238 Functionalizing medical devices with polypeptides to enhance their performance has become important for improved clinical success. 28941021 0 33 theme vitronectin-binding 18:36 arg1 sulfates 46:53 vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates 18:53 vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates 18:53 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 9 34 theme bioactive 1440:1448 arg1 surface 1450:1456 an optimally bioactive surface 1427:1456 an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells 1427:1483 Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 1 35 theme medical 126:132 arg1 devices 134:140 medical devices 126:140 medical devices with polypeptides to enhance their performance 126:187 Functionalizing medical devices with polypeptides to enhance their performance has become important for improved clinical success. 28941021 5 36 theme resonance 814:822 arg1 assays 836:841 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays 752:841 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays 752:841 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 37 theme enzyme-linked 752:764 arg1 assay 780:784 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 752:784 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 752:792 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 37 theme enzyme-linked 752:764 arg1 ELISA 787:791 ELISA 787:791 ELISA 787:791 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 3 38 with manner 453:458 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 486:503 heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans 465:503 heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans 465:503 In vivo, VN binds the ECM in a sequence-dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans. 28941021 4 39 theme coating 641:647 arg1 material 649:656 a coating material 639:656 a coating material 639:656 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 0 40 theme sulfates 46:53 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces 0:67 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 5 41 theme Binding 695:701 arg1 avidity 703:709 Binding avidity 695:709 Binding avidity 695:709 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 8 42 theme HS-coated 1321:1329 arg1 surfaces 1331:1338 HS-coated surfaces 1321:1338 HS-coated surfaces 1321:1338 Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6-O- and N-sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS-coated surfaces. 28941021 3 43 theme sequence-dependent 434:451 arg1 manner 453:458 a sequence-dependent manner 432:458 a sequence-dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans 432:503 In vivo, VN binds the ECM in a sequence-dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans. 28941021 5 44 theme assay 780:784 arg1 assays 836:841 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays 752:841 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays 752:841 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 6 45 theme polystyrene 911:921 arg1 TCPS 924:927 tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 888:928 tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 888:928 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. 28941021 2 46 theme matrix 259:264 arg1 coating 322:328 an effective coating 309:328 an effective coating 309:328 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 46 theme matrix 259:264 arg1 VN 302:303 VN 302:303 VN 302:303 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 46 theme matrix 259:264 arg1 vitronectin 289:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin 241:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) 241:304 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 7 47 theme HS9-coated 1013:1022 arg1 TCPS 1024:1027 HS9-coated TCPS 1013:1027 HS9-coated TCPS 1013:1027 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 7 48 theme robust 1085:1090 arg1 attachment 1092:1101 the robust attachment 1081:1101 the robust attachment 1081:1101 HS9-coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 4 49 theme sequence-based 533:546 arg1 chromatography 557:570 sequence-based affinity chromatography 533:570 sequence-based affinity chromatography 533:570 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 2 50 theme extracellular 245:257 arg1 ECM 267:269 ECM 267:269 ECM 267:269 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 50 theme extracellular 245:257 arg1 matrix 259:264 extracellular matrix 245:264 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) 241:304 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 4 51 theme implant 677:683 arg1 surfaces 685:692 implant surfaces 677:692 implant surfaces 677:692 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 12 52 dep Biomater 1692:1699 arg1 1887-1896 1708:1716 1887-1896 1708:1716 1887-1896 1708:1716 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 28941021 6 53 theme tissue 888:893 arg1 TCPS 924:927 tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 888:928 tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) 888:928 Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. 28941021 4 54 used used 581:584 arg2 chromatography 557:570 sequence-based affinity chromatography 533:570 sequence-based affinity chromatography 533:570 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 3 55 theme heparan 465:471 arg1 HS 482:483 HS 482:483 HS 482:483 In vivo, VN binds the ECM in a sequence-dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans. 28941021 3 55 theme heparan 465:471 arg1 sulfate 473:479 heparan sulfate 465:479 heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans 465:503 In vivo, VN binds the ECM in a sequence-dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans. 28941021 4 56 theme HS 610:611 arg1 HS9 623:625 HS9 623:625 HS9 623:625 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 4 56 theme HS 610:611 arg1 fraction 613:620 a VN-binding HS fraction 597:620 a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces 597:692 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 2 57 theme protein 281:287 arg1 coating 322:328 an effective coating 309:328 an effective coating 309:328 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 57 theme protein 281:287 arg1 VN 302:303 VN 302:303 VN 302:303 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 57 theme protein 281:287 arg1 vitronectin 289:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin 241:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) 241:304 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 3 58 theme sulfate 473:479 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 486:503 heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans 465:503 heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans 465:503 In vivo, VN binds the ECM in a sequence-dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans. 28941021 12 59 theme Part 1679:1682 arg1 B 1684:1684 Part B 1679:1684 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 1660:1723 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887-1896, 2018. 28941021 4 60 theme VN-binding 599:608 arg1 HS9 623:625 HS9 623:625 HS9 623:625 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 4 60 theme VN-binding 599:608 arg1 fraction 613:620 a VN-binding HS fraction 597:620 a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces 597:692 We reasoned therefore that sequence-based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN-binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. 28941021 0 61 theme human 80:84 arg1 cells 103:107 human pluripotent stem cells 80:107 human pluripotent stem cells 80:107 Immobilization of vitronectin-binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 2 62 theme adhesion 272:279 arg1 coating 322:328 an effective coating 309:328 an effective coating 309:328 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 62 theme adhesion 272:279 arg1 VN 302:303 VN 302:303 VN 302:303 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 2 62 theme adhesion 272:279 arg1 vitronectin 289:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin 241:299 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) 241:304 The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. 28941021 5 63 theme plasmon 806:812 arg1 SPR 825:827 SPR 825:827 SPR 825:827 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 63 theme plasmon 806:812 arg1 resonance 814:822 surface plasmon resonance 798:822 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 798:828 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 8 64 theme disaccharide 1265:1276 arg1 dp6 1285:1287 dp6 1285:1287 dp6 1285:1287 Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6-O- and N-sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS-coated surfaces. 28941021 8 64 theme disaccharide 1265:1276 arg1 units 1278:1282 three disaccharide units 1259:1282 three disaccharide units (dp6) 1259:1288 Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6-O- and N-sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS-coated surfaces. 28941021 9 65 theme threshold 1378:1386 arg1 concentration 1388:1400 the threshold concentration 1374:1400 the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells 1374:1483 Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 5 66 theme surface 798:804 arg1 SPR 825:827 SPR 825:827 SPR 825:827 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 5 66 theme surface 798:804 arg1 resonance 814:822 surface plasmon resonance 798:822 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 798:828 Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays. 28941021 9 67 theme pluripotent 1462:1472 arg1 cells 1479:1483 pluripotent stem cells 1462:1483 pluripotent stem cells 1462:1483 Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. 28941021 11 68 dep © 1629:1629 arg1 Inc. 1655:1658 Inc. 1655:1658 Inc. 1655:1658 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28504146 1 0 theme cellulose 197:205 arg1 L-CNC 221:225 L-CNC 221:225 L-CNC 221:225 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 1 0 theme cellulose 197:205 arg1 nanocrystals 207:218 lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals 183:218 lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) 183:226 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 7 1 theme 3D-SL 1075:1079 arg1 nanocomposites 1089:1102 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1075:1102 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1075:1102 In particular, the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites, after postcure, exhibited higher improvement than those before postcure. 28504146 7 2 theme higher 1131:1136 arg1 improvement 1138:1148 higher improvement 1131:1148 higher improvement 1131:1148 In particular, the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites, after postcure, exhibited higher improvement than those before postcure. 28504146 1 3 theme nanocrystals 207:218 arg1 contents 171:178 Various contents 163:178 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) 163:226 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 2 4 located found 381:385 arg2 Gaps 371:374 Gaps 371:374 Gaps 371:374 Gaps were found between the L-CNC and MA matrix in 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure. 28504146 2 4 located found 381:385 arg1 nanocomposites 436:449 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 422:449 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure 422:465 Gaps were found between the L-CNC and MA matrix in 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure. 28504146 4 5 theme % 619:619 arg1 L-CNC 630:634 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC 616:634 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC 616:634 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 0 6 theme Mechanical 111:120 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 6 theme Mechanical 111:120 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 4 7 theme % 697:697 arg1 L-CNC 699:703 0.5% L-CNC 694:703 0.5% L-CNC 694:703 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 4 8 theme 0.1 616:618 arg1 % 619:619 % 619:619 % 619:619 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 0 9 theme thermal 140:146 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 9 theme thermal 140:146 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 5 10 theme rubbery 812:818 arg1 plateau 820:826 the rubbery plateau 808:826 the rubbery plateau 808:826 Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that incorporation of L-CNC increased the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau. 28504146 3 11 theme MA 549:550 arg1 molecules 552:560 the L-CNC and MA molecules 535:560 molecules 552:560 However, gaps decreased after postcure due to interactions between the L-CNC and MA molecules. 28504146 4 12 theme thermal 660:666 arg1 stability 668:676 the thermal stability 656:676 the thermal stability 656:676 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 6 13 theme region 983:988 arg1 broadening 954:963 a broadening 952:963 a broadening of the transition region 952:988 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 6 14 theme transition 853:862 arg1 regions 864:870 two transition regions 849:870 two transition regions 849:870 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 2 15 theme MA 409:410 arg1 matrix 412:417 the L-CNC and MA matrix 395:417 matrix 412:417 Gaps were found between the L-CNC and MA matrix in 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure. 28504146 0 16 theme cellulose 14:22 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 16 theme cellulose 14:22 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 16 theme cellulose 14:22 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 7 17 theme printed 1081:1087 arg1 nanocomposites 1089:1102 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1075:1102 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1075:1102 In particular, the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites, after postcure, exhibited higher improvement than those before postcure. 28504146 0 18 theme Lignin-coated 0:12 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 18 theme Lignin-coated 0:12 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 18 theme Lignin-coated 0:12 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 6 19 theme transition 972:981 arg1 region 983:988 the transition region 968:988 the transition region 968:988 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 7 20 theme nanocomposites 1089:1102 arg1 properties 1061:1070 the mechanical and thermal properties 1034:1070 the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1034:1102 In particular, the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites, after postcure, exhibited higher improvement than those before postcure. 28504146 2 21 theme L-CNC 399:403 arg1 matrix 412:417 the L-CNC and MA matrix 395:417 matrix 412:417 Gaps were found between the L-CNC and MA matrix in 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure. 28504146 0 22 theme filled 36:41 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 22 theme filled 36:41 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 22 theme filled 36:41 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 23 theme nanocrystal 24:34 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 23 theme nanocrystal 24:34 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 23 theme nanocrystal 24:34 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 7 24 theme thermal 1053:1059 arg1 properties 1061:1070 the mechanical and thermal properties 1034:1070 the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1034:1102 In particular, the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites, after postcure, exhibited higher improvement than those before postcure. 28504146 4 25 theme 0.5 625:627 arg1 % 628:628 % 628:628 % 628:628 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 1 26 used used 297:300 arg2 mixture 285:291 their mixture 279:291 their mixture 279:291 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 4 27 theme 0.5 694:696 arg1 % 697:697 % 697:697 % 697:697 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 2 28 theme printed 428:434 arg1 nanocomposites 436:449 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 422:449 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure 422:465 Gaps were found between the L-CNC and MA matrix in 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure. 28504146 5 29 theme storage 789:795 arg1 modulus 797:803 the storage modulus 785:803 the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau 785:826 Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that incorporation of L-CNC increased the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau. 28504146 5 30 theme Dynamic 706:712 arg1 analysis 725:732 Dynamic mechanical analysis 706:732 Dynamic mechanical analysis 706:732 Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that incorporation of L-CNC increased the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau. 28504146 2 31 theme 3D-SL 422:426 arg1 nanocomposites 436:449 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 422:449 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure 422:465 Gaps were found between the L-CNC and MA matrix in 3D-SL printed nanocomposites before postcure. 28504146 1 32 theme methacrylate 251:262 arg1 resin 269:273 methacrylate (MA) resin 251:273 methacrylate (MA) resin 251:273 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 0 33 theme methacrylate 43:54 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 33 theme methacrylate 43:54 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 33 theme methacrylate 43:54 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 1 34 theme 3D 332:333 arg1 printing 361:368 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing 332:368 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing 332:368 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 5 35 theme mechanical 714:723 arg1 analysis 725:732 Dynamic mechanical analysis 706:732 Dynamic mechanical analysis 706:732 Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that incorporation of L-CNC increased the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau. 28504146 1 36 theme stereolithography 335:351 arg1 printing 361:368 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing 332:368 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing 332:368 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 7 37 theme mechanical 1038:1047 arg1 properties 1061:1070 the mechanical and thermal properties 1034:1070 the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites 1034:1102 In particular, the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-SL printed nanocomposites, after postcure, exhibited higher improvement than those before postcure. 28504146 5 38 theme L-CNC 769:773 arg1 incorporation 752:764 incorporation 752:764 incorporation of L-CNC 752:773 Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that incorporation of L-CNC increased the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau. 28504146 0 39 dep composites 56:65 arg1 reinforcement 122:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Mechanical reinforcement 111:134 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 39 dep composites 56:65 arg1 stabilization 148:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 thermal stabilization 140:160 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 0 39 dep composites 56:65 arg1 composites 56:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites 0:65 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 0:161 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 5 40 from modulus 797:803 arg1 plateau 820:826 the rubbery plateau 808:826 the rubbery plateau 808:826 Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that incorporation of L-CNC increased the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau. 28504146 4 41 theme Mechanical 563:572 arg1 properties 574:583 Mechanical properties 563:583 Mechanical properties 563:583 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 1 42 theme 3D-SL 354:358 arg1 printing 361:368 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing 332:368 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing 332:368 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 1 43 theme Various 163:169 arg1 contents 171:178 Various contents 163:178 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) 163:226 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 1 44 theme MA 265:266 arg1 resin 269:273 methacrylate (MA) resin 251:273 methacrylate (MA) resin 251:273 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 6 45 contain had 845:847 arg2 regions 864:870 two transition regions 849:870 two transition regions 849:870 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 6 45 contain had 845:847 arg1 factor 838:843 The loss factor 829:843 The loss factor 829:843 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 0 46 theme stereolithography 83:99 arg1 printing 101:108 3D stereolithography printing 80:108 3D stereolithography printing 80:108 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 6 47 theme loss 833:836 arg1 factor 838:843 The loss factor 829:843 The loss factor 829:843 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 3 48 theme L-CNC 539:543 arg1 molecules 552:560 the L-CNC and MA molecules 535:560 molecules 552:560 However, gaps decreased after postcure due to interactions between the L-CNC and MA molecules. 28504146 4 49 theme L-CNC 630:634 arg1 addition 604:611 the addition 600:611 the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC 600:634 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 28504146 0 50 theme 3D 80:81 arg1 printing 101:108 3D stereolithography printing 80:108 3D stereolithography printing 80:108 Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal filled methacrylate composites prepared via 3D stereolithography printing: Mechanical reinforcement and thermal stabilization. 28504146 6 51 theme L-CNC 933:937 arg1 content 939:945 L-CNC content 933:945 L-CNC content 933:945 The loss factor had two transition regions, which gradually changed by merging together with increasing L-CNC content, and a broadening of the transition region was observed after postcure. 28504146 1 52 theme lignin-coated 183:195 arg1 L-CNC 221:225 L-CNC 221:225 L-CNC 221:225 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 1 52 theme lignin-coated 183:195 arg1 nanocrystals 207:218 lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals 183:218 lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) 183:226 Various contents of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were incorporated into methacrylate (MA) resin and their mixture was used to prepare nanocomposites via 3D stereolithography (3D-SL) printing. 28504146 4 53 theme % 628:628 arg1 L-CNC 630:634 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC 616:634 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC 616:634 Mechanical properties increased with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% L-CNC after postcure, and the thermal stability was improved at 0.5% L-CNC. 25537355 12 0 theme Chinese 1955:1961 arg1 chestnut 1963:1970 Chinese chestnut 1955:1970 Chinese chestnut 1955:1970 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 11 1 theme granule-bound 1792:1804 arg1 SS2 1806:1808 granule-bound SS2 1792:1808 granule-bound SS2 1792:1808 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 8 2 theme ADP-glucose 1158:1168 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 1170:1186 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1158:1186 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type) 1158:1225 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 13 3 from metabolism 2175:2184 arg1 chestnut 2197:2204 Chinese chestnut tree 2189:2209 Chinese chestnut tree 2189:2209 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 12 4 theme starch 1924:1929 arg1 similar 1975:1981 similar 1975:1981 similar 1975:1981 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 12 4 theme starch 1924:1929 arg1 pathway 1944:1950 the starch biosynthesis pathway 1920:1950 the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut 1920:1970 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 1 5 theme Castanea 162:169 arg1 seed 183:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed provides a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed. 25537355 11 6 theme mRNA 1745:1748 arg1 levels 1750:1755 the mRNA levels 1741:1755 the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 1741:1833 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 2 7 theme starch 277:282 arg1 biosynthesis 284:295 starch biosynthesis 277:295 starch biosynthesis in the seeds 277:308 However, little is known about starch biosynthesis in the seeds. 25537355 7 8 theme 1537 823:826 arg1 unigenes 828:835 1537 unigenes 823:835 1537 unigenes 823:835 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 8 9 theme brittle2- 1198:1206 arg1 AGP 1189:1191 AGP 1189:1191 AGP 1189:1191 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 11 10 from accumulation 1868:1879 arg1 seeds 1888:1892 the seeds 1884:1892 the seeds 1884:1892 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 8 11 theme shrunken2-type 1211:1224 arg1 AGP 1189:1191 AGP 1189:1191 AGP 1189:1191 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 10 12 theme major 1579:1583 arg1 enzymes 1585:1591 major enzymes 1579:1591 major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism 1579:1624 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism was validated by qPCR using RNA from five seed stages. 25537355 1 13 theme rich 199:202 arg1 source 204:209 a rich source 197:209 a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed 197:243 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed provides a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed. 25537355 10 14 theme unigenes 1548:1555 arg1 expression 1531:1540 The expression 1527:1540 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism 1527:1624 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism was validated by qPCR using RNA from five seed stages. 25537355 8 15 theme branching 1269:1277 arg1 enzyme 1279:1284 starch branching enzyme 1262:1284 starch branching enzyme 1262:1284 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 6 16 theme platform-based 653:666 arg1 sequencing 682:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing 644:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing 644:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing generated 56671 unigenes in two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF). 25537355 11 17 theme Expression 1681:1690 arg1 profiles 1692:1699 Expression profiles 1681:1699 Expression profiles 1681:1699 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 12 18 theme tuber/Arabidopsis 2001:2017 arg1 leaf 2019:2022 potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf 1994:2022 potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf 1994:2022 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 0 19 theme metabolism 67:76 arg1 genes 78:82 sucrose metabolism genes 59:82 sucrose metabolism genes 59:82 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 8 20 theme starch 1028:1033 arg1 metabolism 1047:1056 starch and sucrose metabolism 1028:1056 metabolism 1047:1056 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 1 21 theme chestnut 152:159 arg1 seed 183:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed provides a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed. 25537355 2 22 from biosynthesis 284:295 arg1 seeds 304:308 the seeds 300:308 the seeds 300:308 However, little is known about starch biosynthesis in the seeds. 25537355 8 23 theme debranching 1300:1310 arg1 enzyme 1312:1317 starch debranching enzyme 1293:1317 starch debranching enzyme 1293:1317 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 7 24 dep down-regulated 937:950 arg1 967 933:935 967 933:935 967 933:935 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 8 25 theme sucrose 1039:1045 arg1 metabolism 1047:1056 starch and sucrose metabolism 1028:1056 metabolism 1047:1056 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 12 26 theme potato 1994:1999 arg1 leaf 2019:2022 potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf 1994:2022 potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf 1994:2022 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 6 27 theme cDNA 725:728 arg1 libraries 730:738 two cDNA libraries 721:738 two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF) 721:809 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing generated 56671 unigenes in two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF). 25537355 10 28 theme starch 1596:1601 arg1 metabolism 1615:1624 starch and sucrose metabolism 1596:1624 metabolism 1615:1624 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism was validated by qPCR using RNA from five seed stages. 25537355 0 29 theme Chinese 100:106 arg1 mollissima 127:136 Castanea mollissima 118:136 Castanea mollissima 118:136 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 0 29 theme Chinese 100:106 arg1 chestnut 108:115 Chinese chestnut 100:115 Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 100:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 0 30 theme Transcriptomic 0:13 arg1 identification 15:28 Transcriptomic identification 0:28 Transcriptomic identification 0:28 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 7 31 theme up-regulated 916:927 arg1 unigenes 952:959 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 912:959 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 912:959 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 9 32 theme down-regulated 1502:1515 arg1 unigenes 1517:1524 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1488:1524 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1488:1524 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 3 33 theme study 334:338 arg1 objectives 315:324 The objectives 311:324 The objectives of this study 311:338 The objectives of this study were to determine seed composition profiles and identify genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. 25537355 3 34 theme sucrose 426:432 arg1 metabolism 434:443 sucrose metabolism 426:443 sucrose metabolism 426:443 The objectives of this study were to determine seed composition profiles and identify genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. 25537355 5 35 from content 616:622 arg1 starch 636:641 chestnut starch 627:641 chestnut starch 627:641 Amylopectin was approximately 3-fold of amylose content in chestnut starch. 25537355 8 36 theme glycogenin 1075:1084 arg1 glucosyltransferase 1086:1104 glycogenin glucosyltransferase 1075:1104 glycogenin glucosyltransferase 1075:1104 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 4 37 theme seed 540:543 arg1 development 555:565 seed endosperm development 540:565 seed endosperm development 540:565 Metabolite analysis showed that starch was the major component and rapidly accumulated during seed endosperm development. 25537355 10 38 theme sucrose 1607:1613 arg1 metabolism 1615:1624 starch and sucrose metabolism 1596:1624 metabolism 1615:1624 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism was validated by qPCR using RNA from five seed stages. 25537355 11 39 theme SS4 1831:1833 arg1 levels 1750:1755 the mRNA levels 1741:1755 the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 1741:1833 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 13 40 from research 2144:2151 arg1 metabolism 2175:2184 starch and sucrose metabolism 2156:2184 metabolism 2175:2184 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 10 41 from enzymes 1585:1591 arg1 metabolism 1615:1624 starch and sucrose metabolism 1596:1624 metabolism 1615:1624 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism was validated by qPCR using RNA from five seed stages. 25537355 3 42 theme seed 358:361 arg1 profiles 375:382 seed composition profiles 358:382 seed composition profiles 358:382 The objectives of this study were to determine seed composition profiles and identify genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. 25537355 4 43 theme major 493:497 arg1 starch 478:483 starch 478:483 starch 478:483 Metabolite analysis showed that starch was the major component and rapidly accumulated during seed endosperm development. 25537355 4 43 theme major 493:497 arg1 component 499:507 the major component 489:507 the major component 489:507 Metabolite analysis showed that starch was the major component and rapidly accumulated during seed endosperm development. 25537355 13 44 theme future 2137:2142 arg1 research 2144:2151 future research 2137:2151 future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree 2137:2209 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 13 45 theme valuable 2091:2098 arg1 metabolite 2100:2109 valuable metabolite and genetic resources 2091:2131 metabolite 2100:2109 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 11 46 theme SS2 1806:1808 arg1 levels 1750:1755 the mRNA levels 1741:1755 the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 1741:1833 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 7 47 theme seeds 896:900 arg1 stages 886:891 the two stages 878:891 the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 878:959 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 1 48 theme carbohydrates 214:226 arg1 source 204:209 a rich source 197:209 a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed 197:243 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed provides a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed. 25537355 12 49 theme biosynthesis 1931:1942 arg1 similar 1975:1981 similar 1975:1981 similar 1975:1981 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 12 49 theme biosynthesis 1931:1942 arg1 pathway 1944:1950 the starch biosynthesis pathway 1920:1950 the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut 1920:1970 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 12 50 from pathway 1944:1950 arg1 chestnut 1963:1970 Chinese chestnut 1955:1970 Chinese chestnut 1955:1970 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 8 51 theme fifty-two 978:986 arg1 unigenes 988:995 fifty-two unigenes 978:995 fifty-two unigenes 978:995 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 6 52 from endosperms 750:759 arg1 libraries 730:738 two cDNA libraries 721:738 two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF) 721:809 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing generated 56671 unigenes in two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF). 25537355 9 53 theme DAF 1468:1470 arg1 unigenes 1517:1524 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1488:1524 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1488:1524 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 9 53 theme DAF 1468:1470 arg1 seeds 1472:1476 the 45 and 75 DAF seeds 1454:1476 the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1454:1524 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 7 54 theme ≥2-fold 867:873 arg1 differences 855:865 expression differences 844:865 expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 844:959 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 5 55 theme chestnut 627:634 arg1 starch 636:641 chestnut starch 627:641 chestnut starch 627:641 Amylopectin was approximately 3-fold of amylose content in chestnut starch. 25537355 7 56 theme expression 844:853 arg1 differences 855:865 expression differences 844:865 expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 844:959 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 1 57 theme mollissima 171:180 arg1 seed 183:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed provides a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed. 25537355 8 58 theme starch 1234:1239 arg1 SS 1251:1252 SS 1251:1252 SS 1251:1252 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 8 58 theme starch 1234:1239 arg1 synthase 1241:1248 starch synthase 1234:1248 starch synthase (SS) 1234:1253 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 0 59 theme Castanea 118:125 arg1 mollissima 127:136 Castanea mollissima 118:136 Castanea mollissima 118:136 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 0 59 theme Castanea 118:125 arg1 chestnut 108:115 Chinese chestnut 100:115 Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 100:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 7 60 theme unigenes 828:835 arg1 total 814:818 A total 812:818 A total of 1537 unigenes 812:835 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 12 61 theme maize 2049:2053 arg1 endosperm 2055:2063 maize endosperm 2049:2063 maize endosperm 2049:2063 This study suggests that the starch biosynthesis pathway in Chinese chestnut is similar to that of potato tuber/Arabidopsis leaf and differs from that of maize endosperm. 25537355 9 62 theme ≥2-fold 1416:1422 arg1 difference 1435:1444 a ≥2-fold expression difference 1414:1444 a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1414:1524 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 11 63 theme large 1765:1769 arg1 subunits 1781:1788 large and small subunits 1765:1788 large and small subunits 1765:1788 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 11 63 theme large 1765:1769 arg1 AGP 1760:1762 AGP 1760:1762 AGP (large and small subunits) 1760:1789 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 11 64 theme starch 1861:1866 arg1 accumulation 1868:1879 starch accumulation 1861:1879 starch accumulation in the seeds 1861:1892 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 6 65 theme transcriptome 668:680 arg1 sequencing 682:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing 644:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing 644:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing generated 56671 unigenes in two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF). 25537355 11 66 theme AGP 1760:1762 arg1 levels 1750:1755 the mRNA levels 1741:1755 the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 1741:1833 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 8 67 theme starch 1262:1267 arg1 enzyme 1279:1284 starch branching enzyme 1262:1284 starch branching enzyme 1262:1284 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 6 68 theme Illumina 644:651 arg1 sequencing 682:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing 644:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing 644:691 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing generated 56671 unigenes in two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF). 25537355 0 69 theme genes 78:82 arg1 expression 34:43 expression 34:43 expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 34:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 0 69 theme genes 78:82 arg1 identification 15:28 Transcriptomic identification 0:28 Transcriptomic identification 0:28 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 0 70 from expression 34:43 arg1 seeds 91:95 the seeds 87:95 the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 87:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 1 71 theme Chinese 144:150 arg1 seed 183:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed 140:186 The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seed provides a rich source of carbohydrates as food and feed. 25537355 0 72 from identification 15:28 arg1 seeds 91:95 the seeds 87:95 the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 87:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 8 73 dep pyrophosphorylase 1170:1186 arg1 AGP 1189:1191 AGP 1189:1191 AGP 1189:1191 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 9 74 dep down-regulated 1502:1515 arg1 47 1499:1500 47 1499:1500 47 1499:1500 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 4 75 theme Metabolite 446:455 arg1 analysis 457:464 Metabolite analysis 446:464 Metabolite analysis 446:464 Metabolite analysis showed that starch was the major component and rapidly accumulated during seed endosperm development. 25537355 8 76 theme starch 1293:1298 arg1 enzyme 1312:1317 starch debranching enzyme 1293:1317 starch debranching enzyme 1293:1317 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 13 77 theme Chinese 2189:2195 arg1 chestnut 2197:2204 Chinese chestnut tree 2189:2209 Chinese chestnut tree 2189:2209 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 11 78 theme correlation 1705:1715 arg1 analysis 1717:1724 correlation analysis 1705:1724 correlation analysis 1705:1724 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 0 79 theme chestnut 108:115 arg1 seeds 91:95 the seeds 87:95 the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 87:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 5 80 theme amylose 608:614 arg1 content 616:622 amylose content 608:622 amylose content in chestnut starch 608:641 Amylopectin was approximately 3-fold of amylose content in chestnut starch. 25537355 9 81 theme up- 1491:1493 arg1 unigenes 1517:1524 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1488:1524 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1488:1524 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 7 82 from stages 886:891 arg1 ≥2-fold 867:873 ≥2-fold 867:873 ≥2-fold 867:873 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 7 83 theme down-regulated 937:950 arg1 unigenes 952:959 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 912:959 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 912:959 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 11 84 theme soluble 1815:1821 arg1 SS1 1823:1825 soluble SS1 1815:1825 soluble SS1 1815:1825 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 13 85 theme starch 2156:2161 arg1 metabolism 2175:2184 starch and sucrose metabolism 2156:2184 metabolism 2175:2184 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 4 86 theme endosperm 545:553 arg1 development 555:565 seed endosperm development 540:565 seed endosperm development 540:565 Metabolite analysis showed that starch was the major component and rapidly accumulated during seed endosperm development. 25537355 8 87 theme sucrose 1327:1333 arg1 synthase 1335:1342 sucrose synthase 1327:1342 sucrose synthase 1327:1342 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 10 88 theme seed 1668:1671 arg1 stages 1673:1678 five seed stages 1663:1678 five seed stages 1663:1678 The expression of 21 unigenes putatively coding for major enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism was validated by qPCR using RNA from five seed stages. 25537355 0 89 theme starch 48:53 arg1 expression 34:43 expression 34:43 expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) 34:137 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 0 89 theme starch 48:53 arg1 identification 15:28 Transcriptomic identification 0:28 Transcriptomic identification 0:28 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 13 90 theme sucrose 2167:2173 arg1 metabolism 2175:2184 starch and sucrose metabolism 2156:2184 metabolism 2175:2184 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 25537355 11 91 theme SS1 1823:1825 arg1 levels 1750:1755 the mRNA levels 1741:1755 the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 1741:1833 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 0 92 theme sucrose 59:65 arg1 genes 78:82 sucrose metabolism genes 59:82 sucrose metabolism genes 59:82 Transcriptomic identification and expression of starch and sucrose metabolism genes in the seeds of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). 25537355 8 93 theme adenylate 1113:1121 arg1 brittle1-type 1136:1148 brittle1-type 1136:1148 brittle1-type 1136:1148 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 8 93 theme adenylate 1113:1121 arg1 transporter 1123:1133 adenylate transporter 1113:1133 adenylate transporter (brittle1-type) 1113:1149 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 3 94 theme composition 363:373 arg1 profiles 375:382 seed composition profiles 358:382 seed composition profiles 358:382 The objectives of this study were to determine seed composition profiles and identify genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. 25537355 8 95 theme sucrose-phosphate 1355:1371 arg1 synthase 1373:1380 sucrose-phosphate synthase 1355:1380 sucrose-phosphate synthase 1355:1380 One hundred and fifty-two unigenes were identified as involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, including 1 for glycogenin glucosyltransferase, 4 for adenylate transporter (brittle1-type), 3 for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, not brittle2- or shrunken2-type), 3 for starch synthase (SS), 2 for starch branching enzyme, 5 for starch debranching enzyme, 11 for sucrose synthase, and 3 for sucrose-phosphate synthase. 25537355 11 96 theme small 1775:1779 arg1 subunits 1781:1788 large and small subunits 1765:1788 large and small subunits 1765:1788 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 11 96 theme small 1775:1779 arg1 AGP 1760:1762 AGP 1760:1762 AGP (large and small subunits) 1760:1789 Expression profiles and correlation analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of AGP (large and small subunits), granule-bound SS2, and soluble SS1 and SS4 were well-correlated with starch accumulation in the seeds. 25537355 9 97 theme expression 1424:1433 arg1 difference 1435:1444 a ≥2-fold expression difference 1414:1444 a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes 1414:1524 Among them, 58 unigenes showed a ≥2-fold expression difference between the 45 and 75 DAF seeds including 11 up- and 47 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 7 98 from ≥2-fold 867:873 arg1 stages 886:891 the two stages 878:891 the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes 878:959 A total of 1537 unigenes showed expression differences ≥2-fold in the two stages of seeds including 570 up-regulated and 967 down-regulated unigenes. 25537355 6 99 theme seed 745:748 arg1 endosperms 750:759 seed endosperms 745:759 seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF) 745:809 Illumina platform-based transcriptome sequencing generated 56671 unigenes in two cDNA libraries from seed endosperms collected at 45 and 75 days after flowering (DAF). 25537355 13 100 theme genetic 2115:2121 arg1 resources 2123:2131 valuable metabolite and genetic resources 2091:2131 resources 2123:2131 The information provides valuable metabolite and genetic resources for future research in starch and sucrose metabolism in Chinese chestnut tree. 26295574 0 0 theme Chemical 66:73 arg1 Composition 75:85 Chemical Composition 66:85 Chemical Composition 66:85 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 2 1 theme wall 324:327 arg1 structure 338:346 cell wall internal structure 319:346 cell wall internal structure 319:346 This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. 26295574 7 2 theme fruit 1052:1056 arg1 juice 1058:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 2 3 theme cell 319:322 arg1 structure 338:346 cell wall internal structure 319:346 cell wall internal structure 319:346 This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. 26295574 1 4 theme human 229:233 arg1 health 235:240 human health 229:240 human health 229:240 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. 26295574 7 5 theme fruit 1167:1171 arg1 juice 1173:1177 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1151:1177 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1151:1177 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Adsorption 98:107 Patulin Adsorption 90:107 Patulin Adsorption 90:107 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 7 7 theme yeast 1113:1117 arg1 cells 1119:1123 yeast cells 1113:1123 yeast cells 1113:1123 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 5 8 theme cell 763:766 arg1 thickness 773:781 cell wall thickness 763:781 cell wall thickness 763:781 Among these factors, cell wall thickness and 1,3-β-glucan content serve significant functions. 26295574 4 9 theme cell 656:659 arg1 areas 669:673 cell surface areas 656:673 cell surface areas 656:673 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 0 10 theme Composition 75:85 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 0:108 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 3 11 theme scanning 475:482 arg1 microscope 493:502 scanning electron microscope 475:502 scanning electron microscope 475:502 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 8 12 theme fruit 1315:1319 arg1 juice 1321:1325 fruit juice 1315:1325 fruit juice industry 1315:1334 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 7 13 from juice 1173:1177 arg1 patulin 1138:1144 patulin 1138:1144 patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice 1138:1177 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 5 14 theme significant 814:824 arg1 functions 826:834 significant functions 814:834 significant functions 814:834 Among these factors, cell wall thickness and 1,3-β-glucan content serve significant functions. 26295574 3 15 theme transmission 505:516 arg1 microscope 527:536 transmission electron microscope 505:536 transmission electron microscope 505:536 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 8 16 theme patulin 1259:1265 arg1 capability 1278:1287 patulin adsorption capability 1259:1287 patulin adsorption capability 1259:1287 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 3 17 theme cell 410:413 arg1 composition 462:472 composition 462:472 composition 462:472 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 17 theme cell 410:413 arg1 structure 448:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 17 theme cell 410:413 arg1 morphologies 415:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 0 18 theme Patulin 90:96 arg1 Adsorption 98:107 Patulin Adsorption 90:107 Patulin Adsorption 90:107 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 6 19 theme adsorption 877:886 arg1 capability 888:897 patulin adsorption capability 869:897 patulin adsorption capability 869:897 The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. 26295574 8 20 theme in 1228:1229 arg1 walls 1242:1246 in vitro cell walls 1228:1246 in vitro cell walls 1228:1246 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 3 21 theme electron 518:525 arg1 microscope 527:536 transmission electron microscope 505:536 transmission electron microscope 505:536 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 1 22 theme fruit 155:159 arg1 juice 161:165 fruit juice 155:165 fruit juice 155:165 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. 26295574 8 23 theme juice 1321:1325 arg1 industry 1327:1334 fruit juice industry 1315:1334 fruit juice industry 1315:1334 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 6 24 theme patulin 869:875 arg1 capability 888:897 patulin adsorption capability 869:897 patulin adsorption capability 869:897 The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. 26295574 3 25 theme different 394:402 arg1 composition 462:472 composition 462:472 composition 462:472 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 25 theme different 394:402 arg1 structure 448:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 25 theme different 394:402 arg1 morphologies 415:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 8 26 theme adsorption 1267:1276 arg1 capability 1278:1287 patulin adsorption capability 1259:1287 patulin adsorption capability 1259:1287 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 3 27 theme yeast 404:408 arg1 composition 462:472 composition 462:472 composition 462:472 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 27 theme yeast 404:408 arg1 structure 448:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 27 theme yeast 404:408 arg1 morphologies 415:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 0 28 theme Cell 16:19 arg1 Morphology 21:30 Yeast Cell Morphology 10:30 Yeast Cell Morphology 10:30 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 6 29 theme wall 974:977 arg1 structure 952:960 the three-dimensional network structure 922:960 the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan 922:1002 The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. 26295574 3 30 theme ion 542:544 arg1 chromatography 546:559 ion chromatography 542:559 ion chromatography 542:559 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 31 theme wall 434:437 arg1 structure 448:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 31 theme wall 434:437 arg1 morphologies 415:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 0 32 theme Yeast 10:14 arg1 Morphology 21:30 Yeast Cell Morphology 10:30 Yeast Cell Morphology 10:30 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 6 33 theme cell 969:972 arg1 wall 974:977 the cell wall 965:977 the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan 965:1002 The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. 26295574 3 34 theme electron 484:491 arg1 microscope 493:502 scanning electron microscope 475:502 scanning electron microscope 475:502 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 35 theme internal 439:446 arg1 structure 448:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 35 theme internal 439:446 arg1 morphologies 415:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 7 36 theme commercial 1151:1160 arg1 juice 1173:1177 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1151:1177 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1151:1177 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 4 37 theme cell 688:691 arg1 thickness 698:706 cell wall thickness 688:706 cell wall thickness 688:706 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 8 38 dep in 1228:1229 arg1 vitro 1231:1235 vitro 1231:1235 vitro 1231:1235 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 7 39 from adsorption 1022:1031 arg1 juice 1058:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 4 40 theme surface 661:667 arg1 areas 669:673 cell surface areas 656:673 cell surface areas 656:673 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 3 41 used used 566:569 arg2 chromatography 546:559 ion chromatography 542:559 ion chromatography 542:559 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 41 used used 566:569 arg2 microscope 493:502 scanning electron microscope 475:502 scanning electron microscope 475:502 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 41 used used 566:569 arg2 microscope 527:536 transmission electron microscope 505:536 transmission electron microscope 505:536 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 0 42 theme Morphology 21:30 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 0:108 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 7 43 theme kiwi 1162:1165 arg1 juice 1173:1177 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1151:1177 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1151:1177 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 5 44 theme 1,3-β-glucan 787:798 arg1 content 800:806 1,3-β-glucan content 787:806 1,3-β-glucan content 787:806 Among these factors, cell wall thickness and 1,3-β-glucan content serve significant functions. 26295574 3 45 theme cell 429:432 arg1 structure 448:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 cell wall internal structure 429:456 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 3 45 theme cell 429:432 arg1 morphologies 415:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 different yeast cell morphologies 394:426 To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. 26295574 0 46 theme Wall 38:41 arg1 Structure 52:60 Cell Wall Physical Structure 33:60 Cell Wall Physical Structure 33:60 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 5 47 theme wall 768:771 arg1 thickness 773:781 cell wall thickness 763:781 cell wall thickness 763:781 Among these factors, cell wall thickness and 1,3-β-glucan content serve significant functions. 26295574 4 48 theme wall 693:696 arg1 thickness 698:706 cell wall thickness 688:706 cell wall thickness 688:706 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 0 49 theme Cell 33:36 arg1 Structure 52:60 Cell Wall Physical Structure 33:60 Cell Wall Physical Structure 33:60 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 6 50 theme network 944:950 arg1 structure 952:960 the three-dimensional network structure 922:960 the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan 922:1002 The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. 26295574 1 51 from effect 219:224 arg1 health 235:240 human health 229:240 human health 229:240 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. 26295574 2 52 theme morphology 304:313 arg1 capability 279:288 the capability 275:288 the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin 275:380 This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. 26295574 6 53 theme three-dimensional 926:942 arg1 structure 952:960 the three-dimensional network structure 922:960 the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan 922:1002 The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. 26295574 7 54 theme commercial 1036:1045 arg1 juice 1058:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 7 55 theme patulin 1014:1020 arg1 adsorption 1022:1031 patulin adsorption 1014:1031 patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice 1014:1062 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 2 56 theme cell 299:302 arg1 morphology 304:313 yeast cell morphology 293:313 yeast cell morphology 293:313 This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. 26295574 4 57 theme 1,3-β-glucan 720:731 arg1 content 733:739 1,3-β-glucan content 720:739 1,3-β-glucan content 720:739 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 4 58 theme patulin 599:605 arg1 capability 618:627 patulin adsorption capability 599:627 patulin adsorption capability of yeast 599:636 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 7 59 theme kiwi 1047:1050 arg1 juice 1058:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 commercial kiwi fruit juice 1036:1062 Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. 26295574 2 60 theme yeast 293:297 arg1 morphology 304:313 yeast cell morphology 293:313 yeast cell morphology 293:313 This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. 26295574 8 61 theme cell 1237:1240 arg1 walls 1242:1246 in vitro cell walls 1228:1246 in vitro cell walls 1228:1246 This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry. 26295574 1 62 theme patulin 205:211 arg1 effect 219:224 the patulin toxic effect 201:224 the patulin toxic effect on human health 201:240 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. 26295574 0 63 theme Structure 52:60 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 0:108 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 4 64 theme yeast 632:636 arg1 capability 618:627 patulin adsorption capability 599:627 patulin adsorption capability of yeast 599:636 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 26295574 1 65 theme yeast 128:132 arg1 capability 114:123 The capability 110:123 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice 110:165 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. 26295574 1 66 theme toxic 213:217 arg1 effect 219:224 the patulin toxic effect 201:224 the patulin toxic effect on human health 201:240 The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. 26295574 0 67 theme Physical 43:50 arg1 Structure 52:60 Cell Wall Physical Structure 33:60 Cell Wall Physical Structure 33:60 Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. 26295574 2 68 theme internal 329:336 arg1 structure 338:346 cell wall internal structure 319:346 cell wall internal structure 319:346 This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. 26295574 4 69 theme adsorption 607:616 arg1 capability 618:627 patulin adsorption capability 599:627 patulin adsorption capability of yeast 599:636 The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. 24563199 7 0 theme free 1169:1172 arg1 content 1180:1186 the plant free sugar content 1159:1186 the plant free sugar content 1159:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 1 theme GBSS 994:997 arg1 mutant 999:1004 a GBSS mutant 992:1004 a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis 992:1044 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 2 theme mutant 999:1004 arg1 characterization 972:987 a detailed characterization 961:987 a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis 961:1044 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 3 theme sugar 1174:1178 arg1 content 1180:1186 the plant free sugar content 1159:1186 the plant free sugar content 1159:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 5 4 from transition 704:713 arg1 thaliana 730:737 Arabidopsis thaliana 718:737 Arabidopsis thaliana 718:737 In this work, we show that transitory starch accumulation and glycan composition during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by photoperiod. 24563199 9 5 theme flowering 1383:1391 arg1 process 1393:1399 the flowering process 1379:1399 the flowering process 1379:1399 This finding contributes to our understanding of the flowering process. 24563199 5 6 theme floral 697:702 arg1 transition 704:713 the floral transition 693:713 the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana 693:737 In this work, we show that transitory starch accumulation and glycan composition during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by photoperiod. 24563199 6 7 theme expression 876:885 arg1 timing 866:871 timing 866:871 timing 866:871 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 6 7 theme expression 876:885 arg1 level 856:860 level 856:860 level 856:860 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 4 8 from control 468:474 arg1 reinhardtii 536:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 9 9 theme process 1393:1399 arg1 understanding 1362:1374 our understanding 1358:1374 our understanding of the flowering process 1358:1399 This finding contributes to our understanding of the flowering process. 24563199 4 10 from influence 556:564 arg1 control 468:474 the control 464:474 the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 464:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 4 10 from influence 556:564 arg1 metabolism 576:585 starch metabolism 569:585 starch metabolism 569:585 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 8 11 theme floral 1311:1316 arg1 transition 1318:1327 the floral transition 1307:1327 the floral transition 1307:1327 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO may be crucial for increasing the sugar mobilization demanded by the floral transition. 24563199 2 12 theme Carbon 157:162 arg1 metabolism 164:173 Carbon metabolism 157:173 Carbon metabolism 157:173 Carbon metabolism must be coordinated with development through a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant. 24563199 6 13 theme multidisciplinary 781:797 arg1 approach 799:806 a multidisciplinary approach 779:806 a multidisciplinary approach 779:806 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 2 14 theme growth 294:299 arg1 stage 301:305 any physiological need and growth stage 267:305 any physiological need and growth stage of the plant 267:318 Carbon metabolism must be coordinated with development through a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant. 24563199 7 15 from phenotype 1077:1085 arg1 relation 1090:1097 relation 1090:1097 relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content 1090:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 5 16 theme Arabidopsis 718:728 arg1 thaliana 730:737 Arabidopsis thaliana 718:737 Arabidopsis thaliana 718:737 In this work, we show that transitory starch accumulation and glycan composition during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by photoperiod. 24563199 6 17 theme gene 931:934 arg1 expression 876:885 expression 876:885 expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 876:934 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 6 18 dep level 856:860 arg1 the 852:854 the 852:854 the 852:854 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 8 19 theme Photoperiod 1189:1199 arg1 modification 1201:1212 Photoperiod modification 1189:1212 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO 1189:1240 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO may be crucial for increasing the sugar mobilization demanded by the floral transition. 24563199 4 20 from reinhardtii 536:546 arg1 control 468:474 the control 464:474 the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 464:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 6 21 theme GBSS 925:928 arg1 gene 931:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 8 22 theme starch 1217:1222 arg1 homeostasis 1224:1234 starch homeostasis 1217:1234 starch homeostasis 1217:1234 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO may be crucial for increasing the sugar mobilization demanded by the floral transition. 24563199 0 23 theme Photoperiodic 0:12 arg1 control 14:20 Photoperiodic control 0:20 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 0:88 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 24563199 4 24 theme alga 517:520 arg1 reinhardtii 536:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 7 25 dep capacity 1114:1121 arg1 synthesize 1126:1135 synthesize 1126:1135 to synthesize amylose 1123:1143 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 25 dep capacity 1114:1121 arg1 modify 1152:1157 modify 1152:1157 to modify the plant free sugar content 1149:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 26 theme starch 1029:1034 arg1 synthesis 1036:1044 transitory starch synthesis 1018:1044 transitory starch synthesis 1018:1044 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 3 27 theme floral 376:381 arg1 transition 383:392 the floral transition 372:392 the floral transition 372:392 However, how sugar allocation is controlled during the floral transition is unknown. 24563199 4 28 theme green 511:515 arg1 reinhardtii 536:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 5 29 theme glycan 667:672 arg1 composition 674:684 glycan composition 667:684 glycan composition 667:684 In this work, we show that transitory starch accumulation and glycan composition during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by photoperiod. 24563199 2 30 theme plant 314:318 arg1 stage 301:305 any physiological need and growth stage 267:305 any physiological need and growth stage of the plant 267:318 Carbon metabolism must be coordinated with development through a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant. 24563199 1 31 theme crucial 105:111 arg1 process 113:119 a crucial process 103:119 a crucial process that demands substantial resources 103:154 Flowering is a crucial process that demands substantial resources. 24563199 1 31 theme crucial 105:111 arg1 Flowering 90:98 Flowering 90:98 Flowering 90:98 Flowering is a crucial process that demands substantial resources. 24563199 8 32 theme homeostasis 1224:1234 arg1 modification 1201:1212 Photoperiod modification 1189:1212 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO 1189:1240 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO may be crucial for increasing the sugar mobilization demanded by the floral transition. 24563199 7 33 theme altered 1106:1112 arg1 capacity 1114:1121 its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content 1102:1186 its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content 1102:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 4 34 theme Chlamydomonas 522:534 arg1 reinhardtii 536:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 0 35 theme distribution 32:43 arg1 control 14:20 Photoperiodic control 0:20 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 0:88 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 24563199 4 36 theme response 495:502 arg1 control 468:474 the control 464:474 the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 464:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 7 37 theme transitory 1018:1027 arg1 synthesis 1036:1044 transitory starch synthesis 1018:1044 transitory starch synthesis 1018:1044 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 4 38 theme ortholog 444:451 arg1 influence 556:564 its influence 552:564 its influence on starch metabolism 552:585 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 4 38 theme ortholog 444:451 arg1 role 420:423 the role 416:423 the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 416:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 0 39 theme carbon 25:30 arg1 distribution 32:43 carbon distribution 25:43 carbon distribution 25:43 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 24563199 0 40 theme floral 56:61 arg1 transition 63:72 the floral transition 52:72 the floral transition in Arabidopsis 52:87 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 24563199 4 41 theme photoperiod 483:493 arg1 response 495:502 the photoperiod response 479:502 the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 479:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 5 42 theme transitory 632:641 arg1 accumulation 650:661 transitory starch accumulation 632:661 transitory starch accumulation 632:661 In this work, we show that transitory starch accumulation and glycan composition during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by photoperiod. 24563199 0 43 from transition 63:72 arg1 Arabidopsis 77:87 Arabidopsis 77:87 Arabidopsis 77:87 Photoperiodic control of carbon distribution during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. 24563199 6 44 theme STARCH 908:913 arg1 gene 931:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 5 45 theme starch 643:648 arg1 accumulation 650:661 transitory starch accumulation 632:661 transitory starch accumulation 632:661 In this work, we show that transitory starch accumulation and glycan composition during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by photoperiod. 24563199 2 46 theme control 222:228 arg1 mechanism 230:238 a control mechanism 220:238 a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant 220:318 Carbon metabolism must be coordinated with development through a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant. 24563199 7 47 theme flowering 1062:1070 arg1 phenotype 1077:1085 its flowering time phenotype 1058:1085 its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content 1058:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 48 theme plant 1163:1167 arg1 content 1180:1186 the plant free sugar content 1159:1186 the plant free sugar content 1159:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 7 49 theme time 1072:1075 arg1 phenotype 1077:1085 its flowering time phenotype 1058:1085 its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content 1058:1186 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 6 50 theme BOUND 902:906 arg1 gene 931:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 2 51 theme need 285:288 arg1 stage 301:305 any physiological need and growth stage 267:305 any physiological need and growth stage of the plant 267:318 Carbon metabolism must be coordinated with development through a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant. 24563199 7 52 theme detailed 963:970 arg1 characterization 972:987 a detailed characterization 961:987 a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis 961:1044 Furthermore, we provide a detailed characterization of a GBSS mutant involved in transitory starch synthesis and analyze its flowering time phenotype in relation to its altered capacity to synthesize amylose and to modify the plant free sugar content. 24563199 4 53 from role 420:423 arg1 control 468:474 the control 464:474 the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 464:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 4 53 from role 420:423 arg1 metabolism 576:585 starch metabolism 569:585 starch metabolism 569:585 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 4 54 theme CONSTANS 430:437 arg1 Cr-CO 454:458 Cr-CO 454:458 Cr-CO 454:458 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 4 54 theme CONSTANS 430:437 arg1 ortholog 444:451 a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog 428:451 a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) 428:459 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 2 55 theme physiological 271:283 arg1 stage 301:305 any physiological need and growth stage 267:305 any physiological need and growth stage of the plant 267:318 Carbon metabolism must be coordinated with development through a control mechanism that optimizes fitness for any physiological need and growth stage of the plant. 24563199 1 56 theme substantial 134:144 arg1 resources 146:154 substantial resources 134:154 substantial resources 134:154 Flowering is a crucial process that demands substantial resources. 24563199 4 57 theme starch 569:574 arg1 metabolism 576:585 starch metabolism 569:585 starch metabolism 569:585 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 3 58 theme sugar 334:338 arg1 allocation 340:349 sugar allocation 334:349 sugar allocation 334:349 However, how sugar allocation is controlled during the floral transition is unknown. 24563199 8 59 theme sugar 1276:1280 arg1 mobilization 1282:1293 the sugar mobilization 1272:1293 the sugar mobilization demanded by the floral transition 1272:1327 Photoperiod modification of starch homeostasis by CO may be crucial for increasing the sugar mobilization demanded by the floral transition. 24563199 4 60 from response 495:502 arg1 reinhardtii 536:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 507:546 Recently, the role of a CONSTANS (CO) ortholog (Cr-CO) in the control of the photoperiod response in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its influence on starch metabolism was demonstrated. 24563199 6 61 theme GRANULE 894:900 arg1 gene 931:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 24563199 6 62 theme SYNTHASE 915:922 arg1 gene 931:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene 890:934 Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate a role for CO in regulating the level and timing of expression of the GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene. 25246532 0 0 theme COPI 108:111 arg1 vesicles 114:121 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles 91:121 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles 91:121 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 triggers signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles. 25246532 5 1 theme N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1114:1144 arg1 localization 1091:1102 the Golgi localization 1081:1102 the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 1081:1146 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 5 2 theme core 1107:1110 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1114:1144 core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 1107:1146 core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 1107:1146 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 2 3 theme different 384:392 arg1 steps 408:412 the different glycosylation steps 380:412 the different glycosylation steps 380:412 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 1 4 theme moieties 286:293 arg1 attachment 259:268 attachment 259:268 attachment of carbohydrate moieties 259:293 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 2 5 theme Golgi 533:537 arg1 apparatus 539:547 the Golgi apparatus 529:547 the Golgi apparatus 529:547 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 8 6 theme enzymes 1472:1478 arg1 localization 1450:1461 the subcellular localization 1434:1461 the subcellular localization of these enzymes 1434:1478 Depletion of GOLPH3 altered the subcellular localization of these enzymes. 25246532 4 7 theme mannosyltransferases 958:977 arg1 tails 944:948 the cytosolic tails 930:948 the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 930:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 6 8 theme spatial 1192:1198 arg1 localization 1200:1211 the spatial localization 1188:1211 the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 1188:1240 Here, we highlight a role of GOLPH3 in the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1. 25246532 1 9 from series 183:188 arg1 apparatus 238:246 the Golgi apparatus 228:246 the Golgi apparatus 228:246 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 2 10 theme glycans 329:335 arg1 structure 306:314 The final structure 296:314 The final structure of so-formed glycans 296:335 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 5 11 theme Golgi 1085:1089 arg1 localization 1091:1102 the Golgi localization 1081:1102 the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 1081:1146 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 3 12 theme enzymes 602:608 arg1 localization 580:591 an accurate localization 568:591 an accurate localization of these enzymes 568:608 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 2 13 theme so-formed 319:327 arg1 glycans 329:335 so-formed glycans 319:335 so-formed glycans 319:335 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 4 14 from yeast 739:743 arg1 likely 764:769 likely 764:769 likely 764:769 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 7 15 theme first 1260:1264 arg1 time 1266:1269 the first time 1256:1269 the first time 1256:1269 We show, for the first time, that GOLPH3 supports incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles. 25246532 6 16 from role 1170:1173 arg1 localization 1200:1211 the spatial localization 1188:1211 the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 1188:1240 Here, we highlight a role of GOLPH3 in the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1. 25246532 4 17 theme COPI 877:880 arg1 coat 882:885 COPI coat 877:885 COPI coat 877:885 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 7 18 theme core 1315:1318 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1322:1352 core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 1315:1354 core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 1315:1354 We show, for the first time, that GOLPH3 supports incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles. 25246532 2 19 theme glycosyltransferases 477:496 arg1 distribution 461:472 the spatial distribution 449:472 the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus 449:547 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 1 20 theme posttranslational 193:209 arg1 modifications 211:223 posttranslational modifications 193:223 posttranslational modifications 193:223 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 1 20 theme posttranslational 193:209 arg1 attachment 259:268 attachment 259:268 attachment of carbohydrate moieties 259:293 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 3 21 theme accurate 571:578 arg1 localization 580:591 an accurate localization 568:591 an accurate localization of these enzymes 568:608 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 4 22 theme vacuolar 790:797 arg1 sorting 807:813 vacuolar protein sorting 74 790:816 vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p) 790:825 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 22 theme vacuolar 790:797 arg1 Vps74p 819:824 Vps74p 819:824 Vps74p 819:824 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 22 theme vacuolar 790:797 arg1 protein 847:853 a peripheral Golgi protein 828:853 a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 828:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 1 23 theme modifications 211:223 arg1 series 183:188 a series 181:188 a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties 181:293 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 0 24 theme Golgi 0:4 arg1 phosphoprotein 6:19 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 0:21 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 0:21 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 triggers signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles. 25246532 7 25 theme α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1360:1382 arg1 incorporation 1293:1305 incorporation 1293:1305 incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles 1293:1403 We show, for the first time, that GOLPH3 supports incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles. 25246532 4 26 from tails 944:948 arg1 present 919:925 present 919:925 present 919:925 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 7 27 theme N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1322:1352 arg1 incorporation 1293:1305 incorporation 1293:1305 incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles 1293:1403 We show, for the first time, that GOLPH3 supports incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles. 25246532 4 28 theme cytosolic 934:942 arg1 tails 944:948 the cytosolic tails 930:948 the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 930:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 9 29 theme COPI 1593:1596 arg1 vesicles 1598:1605 COPI vesicles 1593:1605 COPI vesicles 1593:1605 In contrast, galactosyltransferase, an enzyme that does not interact with GOLPH3, was neither incorporated into COPI vesicles nor was dependent on GOLPH3 for proper localization. 25246532 7 30 theme COPI 1391:1394 arg1 vesicles 1396:1403 COPI vesicles 1391:1403 COPI vesicles 1391:1403 We show, for the first time, that GOLPH3 supports incorporation of both core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1 and α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 into COPI vesicles. 25246532 2 31 theme spatial 453:459 arg1 distribution 461:472 the spatial distribution 449:472 the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus 449:547 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 6 32 theme GOLPH3 1178:1183 arg1 role 1170:1173 a role 1168:1173 a role of GOLPH3 in the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 1168:1240 Here, we highlight a role of GOLPH3 in the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1. 25246532 4 33 theme protein 799:805 arg1 sorting 807:813 vacuolar protein sorting 74 790:816 vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p) 790:825 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 33 theme protein 799:805 arg1 Vps74p 819:824 Vps74p 819:824 Vps74p 819:824 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 33 theme protein 799:805 arg1 protein 847:853 a peripheral Golgi protein 828:853 a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 828:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 34 attach present 919:925 arg1 tails 944:948 the cytosolic tails 930:948 the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 930:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 34 attach present 919:925 arg2 motif 913:917 a binding motif 903:917 a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 903:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 1 35 theme Golgi 232:236 arg1 apparatus 238:246 the Golgi apparatus 228:246 the Golgi apparatus 228:246 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 6 36 theme α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1216:1238 arg1 localization 1200:1211 the spatial localization 1188:1211 the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 1188:1240 Here, we highlight a role of GOLPH3 in the spatial localization of α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1. 25246532 3 37 theme vesicle-mediated 706:721 arg1 trafficking 723:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 4 38 theme able 855:858 arg1 sorting 807:813 vacuolar protein sorting 74 790:816 vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p) 790:825 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 38 theme able 855:858 arg1 protein 847:853 a peripheral Golgi protein 828:853 a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 828:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 0 39 theme signal-mediated 32:46 arg1 incorporation 48:60 signal-mediated incorporation 32:60 signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles 32:121 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 triggers signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles. 25246532 3 40 theme dynamic 657:663 arg1 trafficking 723:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 3 40 theme dynamic 657:663 arg1 processes 665:673 dynamic processes 657:673 dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 657:733 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 1 41 from apparatus 238:246 arg1 series 183:188 a series 181:188 a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties 181:293 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 0 42 theme glycosyltransferases 65:84 arg1 incorporation 48:60 signal-mediated incorporation 32:60 signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles 32:121 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 triggers signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles. 25246532 3 43 theme COPI 700:703 arg1 trafficking 723:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 5 44 theme Golgi 990:994 arg1 homolog 1037:1043 the mammalian homolog 1023:1043 the mammalian homolog of Vps74 1023:1052 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 5 44 theme Golgi 990:994 arg1 phosphoprotein 996:1009 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 990:1011 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) 990:1020 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 5 44 theme Golgi 990:994 arg1 GOLPH3 1014:1019 GOLPH3 1014:1019 GOLPH3 1014:1019 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 1 45 theme synthesized 130:140 arg1 membrane 142:149 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins 124:171 membrane 142:149 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 2 46 theme glycosyl 502:509 arg1 hydrolases 511:520 glycosyl hydrolases 502:520 glycosyl hydrolases 502:520 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 8 47 theme GOLPH3 1419:1424 arg1 Depletion 1406:1414 Depletion 1406:1414 Depletion of GOLPH3 1406:1424 Depletion of GOLPH3 altered the subcellular localization of these enzymes. 25246532 4 48 theme binding 905:911 arg1 motif 913:917 a binding motif 903:917 a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 903:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 5 49 theme Vps74 1048:1052 arg1 phosphoprotein 996:1009 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 990:1011 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) 990:1020 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 5 49 theme Vps74 1048:1052 arg1 homolog 1037:1043 the mammalian homolog 1023:1043 the mammalian homolog of Vps74 1023:1052 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 9 50 theme proper 1639:1644 arg1 localization 1646:1657 proper localization 1639:1657 proper localization 1639:1657 In contrast, galactosyltransferase, an enzyme that does not interact with GOLPH3, was neither incorporated into COPI vesicles nor was dependent on GOLPH3 for proper localization. 25246532 2 51 theme execution 367:375 arg1 order 358:362 the order 354:362 the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus 354:547 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 8 52 theme subcellular 1438:1448 arg1 localization 1450:1461 the subcellular localization 1434:1461 the subcellular localization of these enzymes 1434:1478 Depletion of GOLPH3 altered the subcellular localization of these enzymes. 25246532 4 53 from present 919:925 arg1 tails 944:948 the cytosolic tails 930:948 the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 930:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 2 54 theme final 300:304 arg1 structure 306:314 The final structure 296:314 The final structure of so-formed glycans 296:335 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 5 55 theme mammalian 1027:1035 arg1 phosphoprotein 996:1009 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 990:1011 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) 990:1020 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 5 55 theme mammalian 1027:1035 arg1 homolog 1037:1043 the mammalian homolog 1023:1043 the mammalian homolog of Vps74 1023:1052 Recently, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), the mammalian homolog of Vps74, has been shown to control the Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosamine-transferase 1. 25246532 4 56 theme present 919:925 arg1 motif 913:917 a binding motif 903:917 a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 903:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 3 57 theme coatomer-coated 683:697 arg1 trafficking 723:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking 683:733 How cells achieve an accurate localization of these enzymes is not completely understood but might involve dynamic processes such as coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicle-mediated trafficking. 25246532 1 58 from modifications 211:223 arg1 apparatus 238:246 the Golgi apparatus 228:246 the Golgi apparatus 228:246 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 1 59 theme secreted 155:162 arg1 proteins 164:171 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins 124:171 proteins 164:171 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 25246532 0 60 theme coatomer-coated 91:105 arg1 vesicles 114:121 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles 91:121 coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles 91:121 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 triggers signal-mediated incorporation of glycosyltransferases into coatomer-coated (COPI) vesicles. 25246532 4 61 theme Golgi 841:845 arg1 sorting 807:813 vacuolar protein sorting 74 790:816 vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p) 790:825 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 61 theme Golgi 841:845 arg1 protein 847:853 a peripheral Golgi protein 828:853 a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 828:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 2 62 theme steps 408:412 arg1 execution 367:375 execution 367:375 execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus 367:547 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 4 63 from likely 764:769 arg1 yeast 739:743 yeast 739:743 yeast 739:743 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 2 64 theme hydrolases 511:520 arg1 distribution 461:472 the spatial distribution 449:472 the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus 449:547 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 4 65 theme peripheral 830:839 arg1 sorting 807:813 vacuolar protein sorting 74 790:816 vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p) 790:825 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 4 65 theme peripheral 830:839 arg1 protein 847:853 a peripheral Golgi protein 828:853 a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases 828:977 In yeast, this transport is likely to be regulated by vacuolar protein sorting 74 (Vps74p), a peripheral Golgi protein able to interact with COPI coat as well as with a binding motif present in the cytosolic tails of some mannosyltransferases. 25246532 2 66 theme glycosylation 394:406 arg1 steps 408:412 the different glycosylation steps 380:412 the different glycosylation steps 380:412 The final structure of so-formed glycans is determined by the order of execution of the different glycosylation steps, which seems intimately related to the spatial distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases within the Golgi apparatus. 25246532 1 67 theme carbohydrate 273:284 arg1 moieties 286:293 carbohydrate moieties 273:293 carbohydrate moieties 273:293 Newly synthesized membrane and secreted proteins undergo a series of posttranslational modifications in the Golgi apparatus, including attachment of carbohydrate moieties. 29274442 4 0 theme methylparaben 644:656 arg1 transport 631:639 the transport 627:639 the transport of methylparaben 627:656 While the transport of methylparaben remained unaffected by the mucus layer, the transport of heptylparaben was significantly impeded by the mucus layer. 29274442 1 1 theme toxic 156:160 arg1 agents 162:167 toxic agents 156:167 toxic agents 156:167 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 7 2 attach present 1054:1060 arg1 media 1086:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 7 2 attach present 1054:1060 arg2 structures 1043:1052 The colloidal structures 1029:1052 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media 1029:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 7 2 attach present 1054:1060 arg2 able 1097:1100 able 1097:1100 able 1097:1100 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 5 3 theme heptylparaben 892:904 arg1 permeation 878:887 the permeation 874:887 the permeation of heptylparaben 874:904 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 permeation 63:72 the intestinal permeation 48:72 the intestinal permeation through mucus 48:86 The effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the intestinal permeation through mucus. 29274442 1 5 theme agents 162:167 arg1 interaction 141:151 the interaction 137:151 the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining 137:194 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 7 6 theme present 1054:1060 arg1 structures 1043:1052 The colloidal structures 1029:1052 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media 1029:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 7 6 theme present 1054:1060 arg1 able 1097:1100 able 1097:1100 able 1097:1100 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 1 7 with interaction 141:151 arg1 lining 189:194 the intestinal lining 174:194 the intestinal lining 174:194 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 3 8 theme mucus 507:511 arg1 layer 513:517 a fixed mucus layer 499:517 a fixed mucus layer 499:517 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 1 9 theme important 108:116 arg1 role 118:121 its important role 104:121 its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining 104:194 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 1 10 theme drugs 253:257 arg1 permeation 239:248 the permeation 235:248 the permeation of drugs 235:257 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 7 11 theme mucus 1139:1143 arg1 effect 1129:1134 the impeding effect 1116:1134 the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers 1116:1216 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 2 12 attach presence 314:321 arg1 environment 354:364 the intraluminal environment 337:364 the intraluminal environment 337:364 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 2 12 attach presence 314:321 arg2 HP-β-CD 326:332 HP-β-CD 326:332 HP-β-CD 326:332 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 3 13 theme membrane 462:469 arg1 system 478:483 a new artificial membrane insert system 445:483 a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer 445:517 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 7 14 theme impeding 1120:1127 arg1 effect 1129:1134 the impeding effect 1116:1134 the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers 1116:1216 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 7 15 theme simple 1193:1198 arg1 buffers 1210:1216 simple phosphate buffers 1193:1216 simple phosphate buffers 1193:1216 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 2 16 from presence 314:321 arg1 environment 354:364 the intraluminal environment 337:364 the intraluminal environment 337:364 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 1 17 dep role 118:121 arg1 addition 92:99 addition 92:99 addition 92:99 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 5 18 theme HP-β-CD 823:829 arg1 concentrations 805:818 relatively low concentrations 790:818 relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD 790:829 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 5 19 theme concentrations 805:818 arg1 presence 778:785 presence 778:785 presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD 778:829 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 7 20 theme intestinal 1075:1084 arg1 media 1086:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 5 21 theme negative 846:853 arg1 effect 855:860 this negative effect 841:860 this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben 841:904 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 3 22 theme fixed 501:505 arg1 layer 513:517 a fixed mucus layer 499:517 a fixed mucus layer 499:517 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 6 23 theme system 1016:1021 arg1 composition 989:999 the composition 985:999 the composition of the solvent system used 985:1026 Importantly, the impact of the mucus layer was found to depend on the composition of the solvent system used. 29274442 2 24 theme mucus 425:429 arg1 layer 416:420 a layer 414:420 a layer of mucus 414:429 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 7 25 theme heptylparaben 1148:1160 arg1 permeation 1162:1171 heptylparaben permeation 1148:1171 heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers 1148:1216 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 8 26 theme layer 1310:1314 arg1 impact 1290:1295 the impact 1286:1295 the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation 1286:1333 These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation. 29274442 1 27 theme intestinal 178:187 arg1 lining 189:194 the intestinal lining 174:194 the intestinal lining 174:194 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 7 28 from media 1086:1090 arg1 present 1054:1060 present 1054:1060 present 1054:1060 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 5 29 from effect 855:860 arg1 permeation 878:887 the permeation 874:887 the permeation of heptylparaben 874:904 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 4 30 theme mucus 685:689 arg1 layer 691:695 the mucus layer 681:695 the mucus layer 681:695 While the transport of methylparaben remained unaffected by the mucus layer, the transport of heptylparaben was significantly impeded by the mucus layer. 29274442 7 31 from effect 1129:1134 arg1 permeation 1162:1171 heptylparaben permeation 1148:1171 heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers 1148:1216 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 0 32 theme 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 14:43 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the intestinal permeation through mucus 0:86 The effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the intestinal permeation through mucus. 29274442 8 33 theme drug 1319:1322 arg1 permeation 1324:1333 drug permeation 1319:1333 drug permeation 1319:1333 These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation. 29274442 8 34 theme mucus 1304:1308 arg1 layer 1310:1314 the mucus layer 1300:1314 the mucus layer 1300:1314 These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation. 29274442 3 35 dep new 447:449 arg1 artificial 451:460 artificial 451:460 artificial 451:460 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 2 36 theme study 280:284 arg1 purpose 264:270 The purpose 260:270 The purpose of this study 260:284 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 2 37 theme drugs 400:404 arg1 permeation 386:395 the permeation 382:395 the permeation of drugs 382:404 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 3 38 theme log 608:610 arg1 heptylparaben 593:605 heptylparaben 593:605 heptylparaben (log P=4.83) 593:618 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 3 38 theme log 608:610 arg1 P=4.83 612:617 log P=4.83 608:617 log P=4.83 608:617 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 1 39 theme intestinal 201:210 arg1 layer 218:222 the intestinal mucus layer 197:222 the intestinal mucus layer 197:222 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 6 40 theme solvent 1008:1014 arg1 system 1016:1021 the solvent system 1004:1021 the solvent system used 1004:1026 Importantly, the impact of the mucus layer was found to depend on the composition of the solvent system used. 29274442 3 41 theme methylparaben 562:574 arg1 permeation 548:557 the permeation 544:557 the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83) 544:618 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 1 42 theme mucus 212:216 arg1 layer 218:222 the intestinal mucus layer 197:222 the intestinal mucus layer 197:222 In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. 29274442 7 43 theme simulated 1065:1073 arg1 media 1086:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 3 44 theme heptylparaben 593:605 arg1 permeation 548:557 the permeation 544:557 the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83) 544:618 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 3 45 theme new 447:449 arg1 system 478:483 a new artificial membrane insert system 445:483 a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer 445:517 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 0 46 theme intestinal 52:61 arg1 permeation 63:72 the intestinal permeation 48:72 the intestinal permeation through mucus 48:86 The effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the intestinal permeation through mucus. 29274442 7 47 from present 1054:1060 arg1 media 1086:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 simulated intestinal media 1065:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 2 48 theme HP-β-CD 326:332 arg1 presence 314:321 the presence 310:321 the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment 310:364 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 3 49 theme insert 471:476 arg1 system 478:483 a new artificial membrane insert system 445:483 a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer 445:517 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 7 50 theme colloidal 1033:1041 arg1 structures 1043:1052 The colloidal structures 1029:1052 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media 1029:1090 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 7 50 theme colloidal 1033:1041 arg1 able 1097:1100 able 1097:1100 able 1097:1100 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 4 51 theme mucus 762:766 arg1 layer 768:772 the mucus layer 758:772 the mucus layer 758:772 While the transport of methylparaben remained unaffected by the mucus layer, the transport of heptylparaben was significantly impeded by the mucus layer. 29274442 5 52 theme mucus 865:869 arg1 effect 855:860 this negative effect 841:860 this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben 841:904 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 4 53 theme heptylparaben 715:727 arg1 impeded 747:753 impeded 747:753 impeded 747:753 While the transport of methylparaben remained unaffected by the mucus layer, the transport of heptylparaben was significantly impeded by the mucus layer. 29274442 4 53 theme heptylparaben 715:727 arg1 transport 702:710 the transport 698:710 the transport of heptylparaben 698:727 While the transport of methylparaben remained unaffected by the mucus layer, the transport of heptylparaben was significantly impeded by the mucus layer. 29274442 8 54 theme media 1266:1270 arg1 use 1247:1249 the use 1243:1249 the use of biorelevant media 1243:1270 These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation. 29274442 8 55 theme biorelevant 1254:1264 arg1 media 1266:1270 biorelevant media 1254:1270 biorelevant media 1254:1270 These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation. 29274442 8 56 from impact 1290:1295 arg1 permeation 1324:1333 drug permeation 1319:1333 drug permeation 1319:1333 These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation. 29274442 5 57 theme low 801:803 arg1 concentrations 805:818 relatively low concentrations 790:818 relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD 790:829 In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. 29274442 2 58 theme intraluminal 341:352 arg1 environment 354:364 the intraluminal environment 337:364 the intraluminal environment 337:364 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. 29274442 6 59 theme layer 956:960 arg1 impact 936:941 the impact 932:941 the impact of the mucus layer 932:960 Importantly, the impact of the mucus layer was found to depend on the composition of the solvent system used. 29274442 3 60 theme log 577:579 arg1 methylparaben 562:574 methylparaben 562:574 methylparaben (log P=1.96) 562:587 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 3 60 theme log 577:579 arg1 P=1.96 581:586 log P=1.96 577:586 log P=1.96 577:586 To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). 29274442 7 61 theme phosphate 1200:1208 arg1 buffers 1210:1216 simple phosphate buffers 1193:1216 simple phosphate buffers 1193:1216 The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. 29274442 6 62 theme mucus 950:954 arg1 layer 956:960 the mucus layer 946:960 the mucus layer 946:960 Importantly, the impact of the mucus layer was found to depend on the composition of the solvent system used. 27576868 2 0 theme supply 396:401 arg1 O 350:350 the δ18 O 342:350 the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 342:435 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 8 1 theme responses 1521:1529 arg1 investigations 1479:1492 separate investigations 1470:1492 separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions 1470:1557 Progress in understanding the relationship between Δ18 OLW and Δ18 OCel will require separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions. 27576868 8 2 theme separate 1470:1477 arg1 investigations 1479:1492 separate investigations 1470:1492 separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions 1470:1557 Progress in understanding the relationship between Δ18 OLW and Δ18 OCel will require separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions. 27576868 2 3 theme direct 308:313 arg1 effects 331:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects 286:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, 286:666 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 1 4 theme cellulose 195:203 arg1 composition 180:190 The oxygen isotope composition 161:190 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) 161:215 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 1 4 theme cellulose 195:203 arg1 OCel 210:213 δ18 OCel 206:213 δ18 OCel 206:213 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 2 5 theme fertilizer 385:394 arg1 supply 396:401 nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply 372:401 nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply 372:401 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 5 6 from VPD-effect 894:903 arg1 px 912:913 pex px 908:913 pex px 908:913 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 6 7 theme morphological 1078:1090 arg1 features 1092:1099 morphological features 1078:1099 morphological features 1078:1099 N supply altered growth and morphological features, but not 18 O relations; conversely, VPD had no effect on growth or morphology, but controlled 18 O relations. 27576868 2 8 theme unexplored 297:306 arg1 effects 331:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects 286:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, 286:666 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 9 theme synthesis 657:665 arg1 site 639:642 the site 635:642 the site of cellulose synthesis 635:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 9 theme synthesis 657:665 arg1 synthesis 657:665 cellulose synthesis 647:665 cellulose synthesis 647:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 3 10 with supply 723:728 arg1 VPD 759:761 VPD 759:761 VPD 759:761 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 2 11 theme water 475:479 arg1 proportion 561:570 the proportion 557:570 the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 557:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 11 theme water 475:479 arg1 OCel 444:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 11 theme water 475:479 arg1 O-enrichment 454:465 18 O-enrichment 451:465 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water 451:541 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 11 theme water 475:479 arg1 px 552:553 pex px 548:553 pex px 548:553 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 0 12 contain have 40:43 arg1 O 31:31 δ18 O 27:31 δ18 O 27:31 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 12 contain have 40:43 arg1 fertilization 9:21 Nitrogen fertilization 0:21 Nitrogen fertilization 0:21 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 12 contain have 40:43 arg2 effect 48:53 no effect 45:53 no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose 45:100 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 2 13 theme cellulose 647:655 arg1 synthesis 657:665 cellulose synthesis 647:665 cellulose synthesis 647:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 5 14 theme sensitivity 932:942 arg1 tests 944:948 sensitivity tests 932:948 sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water 932:1047 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 2 15 theme leaf 470:473 arg1 OCel 511:514 Δ18 OCel 507:514 Δ18 OCel 507:514 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 15 theme leaf 470:473 arg1 water 475:479 leaf water 470:479 leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) 470:490 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 15 theme leaf 470:473 arg1 OLW 486:488 Δ18 OLW 482:488 Δ18 OLW 482:488 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 3 16 theme δ18 781:783 arg1 OCel 785:788 δ18 OCel 781:788 δ18 OCel 781:788 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 7 17 theme pex 1366:1368 arg1 px 1370:1371 pex px 1366:1371 pex px 1366:1371 The work implies that reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel would overestimate amplitudes of VPD variation, at least in this species, if the VPD-effect on pex px is ignored. 27576868 4 18 theme pex 871:873 arg1 px 875:876 pex px 871:876 pex px 871:876 Δ18 OCel and Δ18 OLW increased with VPD, while pex px decreased. 27576868 0 19 theme water 82:86 arg1 effect 48:53 no effect 45:53 no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose 45:100 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 2 20 theme cellulose 496:504 arg1 proportion 561:570 the proportion 557:570 the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 557:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 20 theme cellulose 496:504 arg1 OCel 444:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 20 theme cellulose 496:504 arg1 O-enrichment 454:465 18 O-enrichment 451:465 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water 451:541 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 20 theme cellulose 496:504 arg1 px 552:553 pex px 548:553 pex px 548:553 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 3 21 theme N 721:721 arg1 supply 723:728 N supply 721:728 N supply 721:728 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 2 22 theme δ18 346:348 arg1 O 350:350 the δ18 O 342:350 the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 342:435 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 0 23 theme leaf 77:80 arg1 water 82:86 leaf water 77:86 leaf water 77:86 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 24 theme sole 147:150 arg1 control 152:158 the sole control 143:158 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 0:159 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 3 25 theme Δ18 802:804 arg1 OCel 806:809 Δ18 OCel 802:809 Δ18 OCel 802:809 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 2 26 from site 639:642 arg1 water 626:630 unenriched water 615:630 unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 615:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 3 27 theme δ18 708:710 arg1 OCO2 712:715 δ18 OCO2 708:715 δ18 OCO2 708:715 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 2 28 theme deficit 423:429 arg1 O 350:350 the δ18 O 342:350 the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 342:435 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 5 29 theme fractionation 994:1006 arg1 factor 1008:1013 the equilibrium fractionation factor 978:1013 the equilibrium fractionation factor 978:1013 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 2 30 theme source 530:535 arg1 water 537:541 source water 530:541 source water 530:541 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 31 theme oxygen 575:580 arg1 px 552:553 pex px 548:553 pex px 548:553 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 31 theme oxygen 575:580 arg1 proportion 561:570 the proportion 557:570 the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 557:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 0 32 dep control 152:158 arg1 have 40:43 have 40:43 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) 40:132 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 33 theme Nitrogen 0:7 arg1 fertilization 9:21 Nitrogen fertilization 0:21 Nitrogen fertilization 0:21 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 34 theme δ18 27:29 arg1 O 31:31 δ18 O 27:31 δ18 O 27:31 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 5 35 theme pex 908:910 arg1 px 912:913 pex px 908:913 pex px 908:913 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 0 36 theme cellulose 92:100 arg1 effect 48:53 no effect 45:53 no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose 45:100 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 2 37 theme relative 518:525 arg1 OCel 511:514 Δ18 OCel 507:514 Δ18 OCel 507:514 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 37 theme relative 518:525 arg1 water 475:479 leaf water 470:479 leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) 470:490 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 37 theme relative 518:525 arg1 OLW 486:488 Δ18 OLW 482:488 Δ18 OLW 482:488 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 8 38 theme pex 1497:1499 arg1 investigations 1479:1492 separate investigations 1470:1492 separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions 1470:1557 Progress in understanding the relationship between Δ18 OLW and Δ18 OCel will require separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions. 27576868 2 39 theme unenriched 615:624 arg1 water 626:630 unenriched water 615:630 unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 615:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 1 40 theme hydrological 226:237 arg1 information 257:267 hydrological and physiological information 226:267 hydrological and physiological information 226:267 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 2 41 theme δ18 440:442 arg1 OCel 444:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 3 42 with interactions 741:752 arg1 VPD 759:761 VPD 759:761 VPD 759:761 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 5 43 theme equilibrium 982:992 arg1 factor 1008:1013 the equilibrium fractionation factor 978:1013 the equilibrium fractionation factor 978:1013 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 2 44 theme CO2 355:357 arg1 O 350:350 the δ18 O 342:350 the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 342:435 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 0 45 theme Cleistogenes 105:116 arg1 C4 129:130 C4 129:130 C4 129:130 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 45 theme Cleistogenes 105:116 arg1 squarrosa 118:126 Cleistogenes squarrosa 105:126 Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) 105:132 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 6 46 contain had 1142:1144 arg2 effect 1149:1154 no effect 1146:1154 no effect 1146:1154 N supply altered growth and morphological features, but not 18 O relations; conversely, VPD had no effect on growth or morphology, but controlled 18 O relations. 27576868 6 46 contain had 1142:1144 arg1 VPD 1138:1140 VPD 1138:1140 VPD 1138:1140 N supply altered growth and morphological features, but not 18 O relations; conversely, VPD had no effect on growth or morphology, but controlled 18 O relations. 27576868 6 47 theme O 1199:1199 arg1 relations 1201:1209 18 O relations 1196:1209 18 O relations 1196:1209 N supply altered growth and morphological features, but not 18 O relations; conversely, VPD had no effect on growth or morphology, but controlled 18 O relations. 27576868 2 48 theme N 382:382 arg1 supply 396:401 nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply 372:401 nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply 372:401 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 1 49 theme physiological 243:255 arg1 information 257:267 hydrological and physiological information 226:267 hydrological and physiological information 226:267 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 6 50 theme N 1050:1050 arg1 supply 1052:1057 N supply 1050:1057 N supply 1050:1057 N supply altered growth and morphological features, but not 18 O relations; conversely, VPD had no effect on growth or morphology, but controlled 18 O relations. 27576868 0 51 from effect 48:53 arg1 O-enrichment 61:72 18 O-enrichment 58:72 18 O-enrichment 58:72 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 2 52 from oxygen 575:580 arg1 cellulose 585:593 cellulose 585:593 cellulose 585:593 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 53 theme pressure 414:421 arg1 deficit 423:429 vapour pressure deficit 407:429 vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 407:435 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 53 theme pressure 414:421 arg1 VPD 432:434 VPD 432:434 VPD 432:434 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 7 54 theme variation 1308:1316 arg1 amplitudes 1290:1299 amplitudes 1290:1299 amplitudes of VPD variation 1290:1316 The work implies that reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel would overestimate amplitudes of VPD variation, at least in this species, if the VPD-effect on pex px is ignored. 27576868 7 55 from OCel 1266:1269 arg1 reconstructions 1234:1248 reconstructions 1234:1248 reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel 1234:1269 The work implies that reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel would overestimate amplitudes of VPD variation, at least in this species, if the VPD-effect on pex px is ignored. 27576868 2 56 from proportion 561:570 arg1 cellulose 585:593 cellulose 585:593 cellulose 585:593 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 57 theme pex 548:550 arg1 px 552:553 pex px 548:553 pex px 548:553 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 57 theme pex 548:550 arg1 proportion 561:570 the proportion 557:570 the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 557:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 0 58 theme CO2 36:38 arg1 fertilization 9:21 Nitrogen fertilization 0:21 Nitrogen fertilization 0:21 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 0 58 theme CO2 36:38 arg1 O 31:31 δ18 O 27:31 δ18 O 27:31 Nitrogen fertilization and δ18 O of CO2 have no effect on 18 O-enrichment of leaf water and cellulose in Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4 ) - is VPD the sole control? 27576868 2 59 theme nitrogen 372:379 arg1 supply 396:401 nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply 372:401 nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply 372:401 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 60 from cellulose 585:593 arg1 px 552:553 pex px 548:553 pex px 548:553 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 60 from cellulose 585:593 arg1 proportion 561:570 the proportion 557:570 the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 557:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 8 61 theme environmental 1534:1546 arg1 conditions 1548:1557 environmental conditions 1534:1557 environmental conditions 1534:1557 Progress in understanding the relationship between Δ18 OLW and Δ18 OCel will require separate investigations of pex and px and of their responses to environmental conditions. 27576868 2 62 from effects 331:337 arg1 proportion 561:570 the proportion 557:570 the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis 557:665 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 62 from effects 331:337 arg1 OCel 444:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 δ18 OCel 440:447 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 62 from effects 331:337 arg1 O-enrichment 454:465 18 O-enrichment 451:465 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water 451:541 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 62 from effects 331:337 arg1 px 552:553 pex px 548:553 pex px 548:553 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 7 63 theme VPD 1304:1306 arg1 variation 1308:1316 VPD variation 1304:1316 VPD variation 1304:1316 The work implies that reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel would overestimate amplitudes of VPD variation, at least in this species, if the VPD-effect on pex px is ignored. 27576868 3 64 with OCO2 712:715 arg1 VPD 759:761 VPD 759:761 VPD 759:761 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 7 65 from VPD-effect 1352:1361 arg1 px 1370:1371 pex px 1366:1371 pex px 1366:1371 The work implies that reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel would overestimate amplitudes of VPD variation, at least in this species, if the VPD-effect on pex px is ignored. 27576868 3 66 theme Δ18 792:794 arg1 OLW 796:798 Δ18 OLW 792:798 Δ18 OLW 792:798 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 4 67 theme Δ18 824:826 arg1 OCel 828:831 Δ18 OCel 824:831 Δ18 OCel 824:831 Δ18 OCel and Δ18 OLW increased with VPD, while pex px decreased. 27576868 1 68 theme oxygen 165:170 arg1 composition 180:190 The oxygen isotope composition 161:190 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) 161:215 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 1 68 theme oxygen 165:170 arg1 OCel 210:213 δ18 OCel 206:213 δ18 OCel 206:213 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 3 69 theme pex 815:817 arg1 px 819:820 pex px 815:820 pex px 815:820 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 6 70 theme O 1113:1113 arg1 relations 1115:1123 18 O relations 1110:1123 18 O relations 1110:1123 N supply altered growth and morphological features, but not 18 O relations; conversely, VPD had no effect on growth or morphology, but controlled 18 O relations. 27576868 5 71 theme factor 1008:1013 arg1 variation 953:961 variation 953:961 variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water 953:1047 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 4 72 theme Δ18 837:839 arg1 OLW 841:843 Δ18 OLW 837:843 Δ18 OLW 837:843 Δ18 OCel and Δ18 OLW increased with VPD, while pex px decreased. 27576868 1 73 theme isotope 172:178 arg1 composition 180:190 The oxygen isotope composition 161:190 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) 161:215 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 1 73 theme isotope 172:178 arg1 OCel 210:213 δ18 OCel 206:213 δ18 OCel 206:213 The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18 OCel ) archives hydrological and physiological information. 27576868 2 74 theme vapour 407:412 arg1 deficit 423:429 vapour pressure deficit 407:429 vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 407:435 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 74 theme vapour 407:412 arg1 VPD 432:434 VPD 432:434 VPD 432:434 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 75 theme O 350:350 arg1 effects 331:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects 286:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, 286:666 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 7 76 theme VPD 1253:1255 arg1 reconstructions 1234:1248 reconstructions 1234:1248 reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel 1234:1269 The work implies that reconstructions of VPD from Δ18 OCel would overestimate amplitudes of VPD variation, at least in this species, if the VPD-effect on pex px is ignored. 27576868 2 77 theme interactive 319:329 arg1 effects 331:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects 286:337 previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, 286:666 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 5 78 theme carbonyl 1023:1030 arg1 oxygen 1032:1037 carbonyl oxygen 1023:1037 carbonyl oxygen 1023:1037 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 27576868 2 79 theme C4 673:674 arg1 grass 676:680 a C4 grass 671:680 a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa) 671:705 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 2 79 theme C4 673:674 arg1 squarrosa 696:704 squarrosa 696:704 squarrosa 696:704 Here, we assess previously unexplored direct and interactive effects of the δ18 O of CO2 (δ18 OCO2 ), nitrogen (N) fertilizer supply and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on δ18 OCel , 18 O-enrichment of leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and cellulose (Δ18 OCel ) relative to source water, and pex px , the proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with unenriched water at the site of cellulose synthesis, in a C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa). 27576868 3 80 contain had 764:766 arg1 interactions 741:752 their interactions 735:752 their interactions with VPD 735:761 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 3 80 contain had 764:766 arg2 effect 771:776 no effect 768:776 no effect 768:776 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 3 80 contain had 764:766 arg1 OCO2 712:715 δ18 OCO2 708:715 δ18 OCO2 708:715 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 3 80 contain had 764:766 arg1 supply 723:728 N supply 721:728 N supply 721:728 δ18 OCO2 and N supply, and their interactions with VPD, had no effect on δ18 OCel , Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OCel and pex px . 27576868 5 81 theme OLW 970:972 arg1 variation 953:961 variation 953:961 variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water 953:1047 That VPD-effect on pex px was supported by sensitivity tests to variation of Δ18 OLW and the equilibrium fractionation factor between carbonyl oxygen and water. 26751402 0 0 theme osteoblast 85:94 arg1 differentiation 96:110 osteoblast differentiation 85:110 osteoblast differentiation 85:110 A Combinatorial effect of carboxymethyl cellulose based scaffold and microRNA-15b on osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 2 1 theme bio-composite 360:372 arg1 scaffold 374:381 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold 345:381 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold 345:381 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD analyses. 26751402 2 2 theme fabricated 349:358 arg1 scaffold 374:381 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold 345:381 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold 345:381 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD analyses. 26751402 6 3 theme efficient 1023:1031 arg1 strategy 1033:1040 more efficient strategy 1018:1040 more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration 1018:1096 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 3 4 theme cellular 542:549 arg1 levels 565:570 cellular and molecular levels 542:570 cellular and molecular levels 542:570 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 4 5 theme gene 667:670 arg1 regulator 672:680 posttranscriptional gene regulator 647:680 posttranscriptional gene regulator 647:680 miR-15b acts as posttranscriptional gene regulator and regulates osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 6 6 theme bone 1080:1083 arg1 regeneration 1085:1096 bone regeneration 1080:1096 bone regeneration 1080:1096 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 1 7 theme bio-composite 174:186 arg1 scaffold 188:195 a bio-composite scaffold 172:195 a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications 172:342 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 6 8 theme bone 1055:1058 arg1 defects 1068:1074 bone related defects 1055:1074 bone related defects 1055:1074 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 4 9 theme posttranscriptional 647:665 arg1 regulator 672:680 posttranscriptional gene regulator 647:680 posttranscriptional gene regulator 647:680 miR-15b acts as posttranscriptional gene regulator and regulates osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 0 10 theme Combinatorial 2:14 arg1 effect 16:21 A Combinatorial effect 0:21 A Combinatorial effect of carboxymethyl cellulose 0:48 A Combinatorial effect of carboxymethyl cellulose based scaffold and microRNA-15b on osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 6 11 with combination 952:962 arg1 miR-15b 996:1002 miR-15b 996:1002 miR-15b 996:1002 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 1 12 theme ascorbic 284:291 arg1 AC 299:300 AC 299:300 AC 299:300 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 12 theme ascorbic 284:291 arg1 acid 293:296 ascorbic acid 284:296 ascorbic acid (AC) 284:301 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 13 theme carboxymethyl 208:220 arg1 CMC 233:235 CMC 233:235 CMC 233:235 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 13 theme carboxymethyl 208:220 arg1 cellulose 222:230 carboxymethyl cellulose 208:230 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 208:236 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 3 14 theme molecular 555:563 arg1 levels 565:570 cellular and molecular levels 542:570 cellular and molecular levels 542:570 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 1 15 theme present 117:123 arg1 study 125:129 The present study 113:129 The present study 113:129 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 5 16 theme osteoblast 898:907 arg1 differentiation 909:923 osteoblast differentiation 898:923 osteoblast differentiation 898:923 The scaffold and miR-15b were able to promote osteoblast differentiation; when these treatments were combined together on mMSCs, there was an additive effect on promotion of osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 0 17 theme cellulose 40:48 arg1 effect 16:21 A Combinatorial effect 0:21 A Combinatorial effect of carboxymethyl cellulose 0:48 A Combinatorial effect of carboxymethyl cellulose based scaffold and microRNA-15b on osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 6 18 theme scaffold 982:989 arg1 combination 952:962 the combination 948:962 the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b 948:1002 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg2 Zn-nHAp 271:277 Zn-nHAp 271:277 Zn-nHAp 271:277 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg2 CMC 233:235 CMC 233:235 CMC 233:235 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg2 AC 299:300 AC 299:300 AC 299:300 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg2 cellulose 222:230 carboxymethyl cellulose 208:230 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 208:236 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg2 nano-hydroxyapatite 250:268 zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite 239:268 zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) 239:278 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg1 scaffold 188:195 a bio-composite scaffold 172:195 a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications 172:342 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 19 contain containing 197:206 arg2 acid 293:296 ascorbic acid 284:296 ascorbic acid (AC) 284:301 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 3 20 theme mesenchymal 599:609 arg1 mMSCs 623:627 mMSCs 623:627 mMSCs 623:627 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 3 20 theme mesenchymal 599:609 arg1 cells 616:620 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 593:620 mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) 593:628 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 3 21 theme scaffold 448:455 arg1 ability 437:443 The ability 433:443 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels 433:570 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 0 22 theme carboxymethyl 26:38 arg1 cellulose 40:48 carboxymethyl cellulose 26:48 carboxymethyl cellulose 26:48 A Combinatorial effect of carboxymethyl cellulose based scaffold and microRNA-15b on osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 6 23 theme CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC 967:980 arg1 scaffold 982:989 CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold 967:989 CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold 967:989 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 3 24 theme stem 611:614 arg1 mMSCs 623:627 mMSCs 623:627 mMSCs 623:627 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 3 24 theme stem 611:614 arg1 cells 616:620 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 593:620 mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) 593:628 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 5 25 theme additive 866:873 arg1 effect 875:880 an additive effect 863:880 an additive effect on promotion of osteoblast differentiation 863:923 The scaffold and miR-15b were able to promote osteoblast differentiation; when these treatments were combined together on mMSCs, there was an additive effect on promotion of osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 1 26 theme bone 307:310 arg1 applications 331:342 bone tissue engineering applications 307:342 bone tissue engineering applications 307:342 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 3 27 theme mouse 593:597 arg1 mMSCs 623:627 mMSCs 623:627 mMSCs 623:627 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 3 27 theme mouse 593:597 arg1 cells 616:620 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 593:620 mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) 593:628 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 1 28 theme tissue 312:317 arg1 applications 331:342 bone tissue engineering applications 307:342 bone tissue engineering applications 307:342 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 3 29 theme bioactive 470:478 arg1 microRNA-15b 490:501 microRNA-15b 490:501 microRNA-15b (miR-15b) 490:511 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 3 29 theme bioactive 470:478 arg1 molecule 480:487 a bioactive molecule 468:487 a bioactive molecule 468:487 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 3 30 from levels 565:570 arg1 osteo-differentiation 517:537 osteo-differentiation 517:537 osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels 517:570 The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). 26751402 6 31 theme related 1060:1066 arg1 defects 1068:1074 bone related defects 1055:1074 bone related defects 1055:1074 Thus, it appears that the combination of CMC/Zn-nHAp/AC scaffold with miR-15b would provide more efficient strategy for treating bone related defects and bone regeneration. 26751402 1 32 theme zinc 239:242 arg1 Zn-nHAp 271:277 Zn-nHAp 271:277 Zn-nHAp 271:277 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 32 theme zinc 239:242 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 250:268 zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite 239:268 zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) 239:278 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 5 33 theme osteoblast 770:779 arg1 differentiation 781:795 osteoblast differentiation 770:795 osteoblast differentiation 770:795 The scaffold and miR-15b were able to promote osteoblast differentiation; when these treatments were combined together on mMSCs, there was an additive effect on promotion of osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 4 34 theme osteoblast 696:705 arg1 differentiation 707:721 osteoblast differentiation 696:721 osteoblast differentiation 696:721 miR-15b acts as posttranscriptional gene regulator and regulates osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 1 35 theme doped 244:248 arg1 Zn-nHAp 271:277 Zn-nHAp 271:277 Zn-nHAp 271:277 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 35 theme doped 244:248 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 250:268 zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite 239:268 zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) 239:278 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 1 36 theme engineering 319:329 arg1 applications 331:342 bone tissue engineering applications 307:342 bone tissue engineering applications 307:342 The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a bio-composite scaffold containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and ascorbic acid (AC) for bone tissue engineering applications. 26751402 2 37 dep SEM 404:406 arg1 analyses 423:430 analyses 423:430 analyses 423:430 The fabricated bio-composite scaffold was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD analyses. 26751402 5 38 from effect 875:880 arg1 promotion 885:893 promotion 885:893 promotion of osteoblast differentiation 885:923 The scaffold and miR-15b were able to promote osteoblast differentiation; when these treatments were combined together on mMSCs, there was an additive effect on promotion of osteoblast differentiation. 26751402 5 39 theme differentiation 909:923 arg1 promotion 885:893 promotion 885:893 promotion of osteoblast differentiation 885:923 The scaffold and miR-15b were able to promote osteoblast differentiation; when these treatments were combined together on mMSCs, there was an additive effect on promotion of osteoblast differentiation. 26047881 11 0 theme preliminary 1581:1591 arg1 results 1593:1599 These preliminary results 1575:1599 These preliminary results 1575:1599 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 10 1 theme composite 1405:1413 arg1 membranes 1425:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 1 2 theme engineering 162:172 arg1 fields 128:133 the fields 124:133 the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering 124:172 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 10 3 theme nanofiber 1415:1423 arg1 membranes 1425:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 10 4 theme better 1439:1444 arg1 cytocompatibility 1446:1462 better cytocompatibility 1439:1462 better cytocompatibility 1439:1462 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 10 5 theme culture 1364:1370 arg1 results 1372:1378 Cell culture results 1359:1378 Cell culture results 1359:1378 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 6 6 theme nanofiber 1045:1053 arg1 membranes 1055:1063 the prepared nanofiber membranes 1032:1063 the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1032:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 6 7 theme membranes 1055:1063 arg1 diameter 1020:1027 the average fiber diameter 1002:1027 the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1002:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 6 8 from diameter 1020:1027 arg1 nm 1074:1075 100 nm 1070:1075 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1070:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 6 8 from diameter 1020:1027 arg1 PLGA 1083:1086 neat PLGA 1078:1086 neat PLGA 1078:1086 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 11 9 theme tissue 1703:1708 arg1 engineering 1710:1720 skin tissue engineering 1698:1720 skin tissue engineering 1698:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 3 10 theme dynamic 755:761 arg1 DMA 784:786 DMA 784:786 DMA 784:786 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 10 theme dynamic 755:761 arg1 analysis 774:781 dynamic mechanical analysis 755:781 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 755:787 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 2 11 theme cellulose 382:390 arg1 CNCs 406:409 CNCs 406:409 CNCs 406:409 The objective of this study was to improve their utility by introducing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 2 11 theme cellulose 382:390 arg1 nanocrystals 392:403 cellulose nanocrystals 382:403 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 382:410 The objective of this study was to improve their utility by introducing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 5 12 dep Incorporation 948:960 arg1 wt 986:987 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt 971:987 Incorporation of CNCs (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt 948:987 Incorporation of CNCs (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt. 26047881 11 13 theme engineering 1710:1720 arg1 field 1689:1693 the field 1685:1693 the field of skin tissue engineering 1685:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 7 14 theme % 1111:1111 arg1 CNC 1113:1115 % CNC) 1111:1116 % CNC) 1111:1116 % CNC) and improved the thermal stability of the nanofiber membranes. 26047881 3 15 theme mechanical 763:772 arg1 DMA 784:786 DMA 784:786 DMA 784:786 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 15 theme mechanical 763:772 arg1 analysis 774:781 dynamic mechanical analysis 755:781 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 755:787 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 6 16 theme prepared 1036:1043 arg1 membranes 1055:1063 the prepared nanofiber membranes 1032:1063 the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1032:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 3 17 theme mechanical 567:576 arg1 properties 578:587 thermodynamic and mechanical properties 549:587 properties 578:587 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 2 18 theme PLGA 417:420 arg1 membranes 432:440 PLGA nanofiber membranes 417:440 PLGA nanofiber membranes 417:440 The objective of this study was to improve their utility by introducing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 10 19 theme fibroblast 1480:1489 arg1 adhesion 1491:1498 fibroblast adhesion 1480:1498 fibroblast adhesion 1480:1498 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 10 20 theme nanofiber 1554:1562 arg1 membranes 1564:1572 neat PLGA nanofiber membranes 1544:1572 neat PLGA nanofiber membranes 1544:1572 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 11 21 theme nanofiber 1633:1641 arg1 membranes 1643:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 11 21 theme nanofiber 1633:1641 arg1 materials 1671:1679 promising new materials 1657:1679 promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering 1657:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 4 22 theme cytocompatibility 794:810 arg1 responses 825:833 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses 790:833 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes 790:860 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 1 23 theme biocompatibility 179:194 arg1 properties 211:220 the biocompatibility and mechanical properties 175:220 the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 175:276 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 9 24 theme CNC 1256:1258 arg1 membranes 1270:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 10 25 theme Cell 1359:1362 arg1 results 1372:1378 Cell culture results 1359:1378 Cell culture results 1359:1378 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 7 26 theme thermal 1135:1141 arg1 stability 1143:1151 the thermal stability 1131:1151 the thermal stability of the nanofiber membranes 1131:1178 % CNC) and improved the thermal stability of the nanofiber membranes. 26047881 3 27 dep morphology 534:543 arg1 the 530:532 the 530:532 the 530:532 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 11 28 theme PLGA/CNC 1614:1621 arg1 membranes 1643:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 11 28 theme PLGA/CNC 1614:1621 arg1 materials 1671:1679 promising new materials 1657:1679 promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering 1657:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 9 29 theme human 1347:1351 arg1 skin 1353:1356 human skin 1347:1356 human skin 1347:1356 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 4 30 theme WST-1 883:887 arg1 assay 889:893 WST-1 assay 883:893 WST-1 assay 883:893 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 11 31 theme composite 1623:1631 arg1 membranes 1643:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 11 31 theme composite 1623:1631 arg1 materials 1671:1679 promising new materials 1657:1679 promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering 1657:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 1 32 theme mechanical 200:209 arg1 properties 211:220 the biocompatibility and mechanical properties 175:220 the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 175:276 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 10 33 theme PLGA/CNC 1396:1403 arg1 membranes 1425:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 3 34 theme nanofiber 598:606 arg1 membranes 608:616 these nanofiber membranes 592:616 these nanofiber membranes 592:616 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 4 35 theme membranes 852:860 arg1 responses 825:833 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses 790:833 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes 790:860 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 6 36 theme fiber 1014:1018 arg1 diameter 1020:1027 the average fiber diameter 1002:1027 the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1002:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 11 37 theme skin 1698:1701 arg1 engineering 1710:1720 skin tissue engineering 1698:1720 skin tissue engineering 1698:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 9 38 theme % 1254:1254 arg1 membranes 1270:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 5 39 theme CNCs 965:968 arg1 Incorporation 948:960 Incorporation 948:960 Incorporation of CNCs (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt 948:987 Incorporation of CNCs (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt. 26047881 3 40 theme membranes 608:616 arg1 properties 578:587 thermodynamic and mechanical properties 549:587 properties 578:587 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 40 theme membranes 608:616 arg1 morphology 534:543 morphology 534:543 morphology 534:543 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 6 41 theme average 1006:1012 arg1 diameter 1020:1027 the average fiber diameter 1002:1027 the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1002:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 0 42 theme nanofiber 35:43 arg1 membranes 45:53 PLGA nanofiber membranes 30:53 PLGA nanofiber membranes 30:53 Preparation and properties of PLGA nanofiber membranes reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26047881 8 43 theme composite 1200:1208 arg1 membranes 1220:1228 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1187:1228 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1187:1228 Among the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes, those loaded with 7 wt. 26047881 7 44 theme nanofiber 1160:1168 arg1 membranes 1170:1178 the nanofiber membranes 1156:1178 the nanofiber membranes 1156:1178 % CNC) and improved the thermal stability of the nanofiber membranes. 26047881 3 45 theme electron 649:656 arg1 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 45 theme electron 649:656 arg1 microscopy 658:667 scanning electron microscopy 640:667 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 640:673 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 46 theme PLGA/CNC 452:459 arg1 membranes 481:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 1 47 theme polylactide-polyglycolide 225:249 arg1 membranes 268:276 polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 225:276 polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 225:276 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 0 48 theme PLGA 30:33 arg1 membranes 45:53 PLGA nanofiber membranes 30:53 PLGA nanofiber membranes 30:53 Preparation and properties of PLGA nanofiber membranes reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26047881 9 49 theme nanofiber 1260:1268 arg1 membranes 1270:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 3 50 theme PLGA 443:446 arg1 membranes 481:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 51 theme thermogravimetric 676:692 arg1 TGA 704:706 TGA 704:706 TGA 704:706 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 51 theme thermogravimetric 676:692 arg1 analysis 694:701 thermogravimetric analysis 676:701 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 676:707 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 4 52 theme nanofiber 842:850 arg1 membranes 852:860 the nanofiber membranes 838:860 the nanofiber membranes 838:860 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 2 53 theme nanofiber 422:430 arg1 membranes 432:440 PLGA nanofiber membranes 417:440 PLGA nanofiber membranes 417:440 The objective of this study was to improve their utility by introducing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 10 54 theme neat 1544:1547 arg1 membranes 1564:1572 neat PLGA nanofiber membranes 1544:1572 neat PLGA nanofiber membranes 1544:1572 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 4 55 theme laser 914:918 arg1 CLSM 941:944 CLSM 941:944 CLSM 941:944 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 4 55 theme laser 914:918 arg1 microscopy 929:938 confocal laser scanning microscopy 905:938 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 905:945 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 3 56 theme composite 461:469 arg1 membranes 481:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 6 57 from nm 1074:1075 arg1 membranes 1055:1063 the prepared nanofiber membranes 1032:1063 the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1032:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 6 57 from nm 1074:1075 arg1 diameter 1020:1027 the average fiber diameter 1002:1027 the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1002:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 8 58 theme nanofiber 1210:1218 arg1 membranes 1220:1228 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1187:1228 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1187:1228 Among the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes, those loaded with 7 wt. 26047881 0 59 theme membranes 45:53 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of PLGA nanofiber membranes reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26047881 0 59 theme membranes 45:53 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of PLGA nanofiber membranes reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26047881 4 60 theme confocal 905:912 arg1 CLSM 941:944 CLSM 941:944 CLSM 941:944 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 4 60 theme confocal 905:912 arg1 microscopy 929:938 confocal laser scanning microscopy 905:938 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 905:945 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 3 61 theme differential 710:721 arg1 DSC 745:747 DSC 745:747 DSC 745:747 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 61 theme differential 710:721 arg1 calorimetry 732:742 differential scanning calorimetry 710:742 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 710:748 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 62 theme scanning 640:647 arg1 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 62 theme scanning 640:647 arg1 microscopy 658:667 scanning electron microscopy 640:667 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 640:673 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 6 63 theme neat 1078:1081 arg1 nm 1074:1075 100 nm 1070:1075 100 nm (neat PLGA) 1070:1087 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 6 63 theme neat 1078:1081 arg1 PLGA 1083:1086 neat PLGA 1078:1086 neat PLGA 1078:1086 %) increased the average fiber diameter of the prepared nanofiber membranes from 100 nm (neat PLGA) to ∼400 nm (PLGA/7 wt. 26047881 7 64 theme membranes 1170:1178 arg1 stability 1143:1151 the thermal stability 1131:1151 the thermal stability of the nanofiber membranes 1131:1178 % CNC) and improved the thermal stability of the nanofiber membranes. 26047881 8 65 theme PLGA/CNC 1191:1198 arg1 membranes 1220:1228 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1187:1228 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1187:1228 Among the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes, those loaded with 7 wt. 26047881 3 66 theme scanning 723:730 arg1 DSC 745:747 DSC 745:747 DSC 745:747 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 66 theme scanning 723:730 arg1 calorimetry 732:742 differential scanning calorimetry 710:742 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 710:748 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 1 67 dep polylactide-polyglycolide 225:249 arg1 PLGA 252:255 PLGA 252:255 PLGA 252:255 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 2 68 theme study 332:336 arg1 objective 314:322 The objective 310:322 The objective of this study 310:336 The objective of this study was to improve their utility by introducing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 9 69 theme best 1288:1291 arg1 properties 1304:1313 the best mechanical properties 1284:1313 the best mechanical properties 1284:1313 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 9 69 theme best 1288:1291 arg1 similar 1327:1333 similar 1327:1333 similar 1327:1333 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 4 70 theme scanning 920:927 arg1 CLSM 941:944 CLSM 941:944 CLSM 941:944 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 4 70 theme scanning 920:927 arg1 microscopy 929:938 confocal laser scanning microscopy 905:938 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 905:945 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 11 71 theme promising 1657:1665 arg1 membranes 1643:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 11 71 theme promising 1657:1665 arg1 materials 1671:1679 promising new materials 1657:1679 promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering 1657:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 4 72 theme cellular 816:823 arg1 responses 825:833 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses 790:833 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes 790:860 The cytocompatibility and cellular responses of the nanofiber membranes were also studied by WST-1 assay, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 26047881 1 73 theme drug-carrier 138:149 arg1 fields 128:133 the fields 124:133 the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering 124:172 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 9 74 theme mechanical 1293:1302 arg1 properties 1304:1313 the best mechanical properties 1284:1313 the best mechanical properties 1284:1313 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 9 74 theme mechanical 1293:1302 arg1 similar 1327:1333 similar 1327:1333 similar 1327:1333 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 0 75 theme cellulose 71:79 arg1 nanocrystals 81:92 cellulose nanocrystals 71:92 cellulose nanocrystals 71:92 Preparation and properties of PLGA nanofiber membranes reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26047881 11 76 theme new 1667:1669 arg1 membranes 1643:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1614:1651 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 11 76 theme new 1667:1669 arg1 materials 1671:1679 promising new materials 1657:1679 promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering 1657:1720 These preliminary results suggest that PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes are promising new materials for the field of skin tissue engineering. 26047881 10 77 contain had 1435:1437 arg1 membranes 1425:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 1392:1433 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 10 77 contain had 1435:1437 arg2 cytocompatibility 1446:1462 better cytocompatibility 1439:1462 better cytocompatibility 1439:1462 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 9 78 contain had 1280:1282 arg1 membranes 1270:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes 1254:1278 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 9 78 contain had 1280:1282 arg2 similar 1327:1333 similar 1327:1333 similar 1327:1333 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 9 78 contain had 1280:1282 arg2 properties 1304:1313 the best mechanical properties 1284:1313 the best mechanical properties 1284:1313 % CNC nanofiber membranes had the best mechanical properties, which were similar to those of human skin. 26047881 3 79 theme thermodynamic 549:561 arg1 properties 578:587 thermodynamic and mechanical properties 549:587 properties 578:587 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 3 80 theme nanofiber 471:479 arg1 membranes 481:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes 443:489 PLGA and PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning, and the morphology and thermodynamic and mechanical properties of these nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 26047881 1 81 theme nanofiber 258:266 arg1 membranes 268:276 polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 225:276 polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 225:276 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 1 82 theme tissue 155:160 arg1 engineering 162:172 tissue engineering 155:172 tissue engineering 155:172 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 26047881 10 83 theme PLGA 1549:1552 arg1 membranes 1564:1572 neat PLGA nanofiber membranes 1544:1572 neat PLGA nanofiber membranes 1544:1572 Cell culture results showed that the PLGA/CNC composite nanofiber membranes had better cytocompatibility and facilitated fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with neat PLGA nanofiber membranes. 26047881 1 84 theme membranes 268:276 arg1 properties 211:220 the biocompatibility and mechanical properties 175:220 the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes 175:276 Although extensively used in the fields of drug-carrier and tissue engineering, the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) nanofiber membranes still limit their applications. 27898917 12 0 theme digestible 1573:1582 arg1 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 0 theme digestible 1573:1582 arg1 content 1584:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content 1550:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1550:1603 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 0 theme digestible 1573:1582 arg1 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 7 1 theme as-fed 1183:1188 arg1 % 1180:1180 6.5 to 7.6% 1170:1180 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis) 1170:1195 Arabinoxylan (AX) constituted the major NSP fraction, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis). 27898917 7 1 theme as-fed 1183:1188 arg1 basis 1190:1194 as-fed basis 1183:1194 as-fed basis 1183:1194 Arabinoxylan (AX) constituted the major NSP fraction, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis). 27898917 3 2 used used 594:597 arg2 method 583:588 The N-free method 572:588 The N-free method 572:588 The N-free method was used to determine the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 27898917 6 3 theme nonstarch 1017:1025 arg1 polysaccharides 1027:1041 total nonstarch polysaccharides 1011:1041 total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) 1011:1047 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 6 3 theme nonstarch 1017:1025 arg1 NSP 1044:1046 NSP 1044:1046 NSP 1044:1046 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 17 4 theme present 2271:2277 arg1 values 2283:2288 present SID values 2271:2288 present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes 2271:2327 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 2 5 theme d 525:525 arg1 pigs 538:541 8 pigs 536:541 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets 536:569 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 2 5 theme d 525:525 arg1 periods 512:518 8 periods 510:518 8 periods of 6 d each 510:530 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 6 6 theme CP 952:953 arg1 contents 940:947 contents 940:947 contents of CP 940:953 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 12 7 theme genotype 1632:1639 arg1 Diament 1651:1657 genotype Dankowski Diament 1632:1657 genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) 1632:1678 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 16 8 theme AA 2208:2209 arg1 composition 2151:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 8 theme AA 2208:2209 arg1 characteristics 2173:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 8 theme AA 2208:2209 arg1 SID 2194:2196 SID 2194:2196 SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions 2194:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 Conduct 751:757 Conduct 751:757 Conduct 751:757 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 Diament 783:789 Diament 783:789 Diament 783:789 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 genotypes 696:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes 685:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) 685:790 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 Bellami 734:740 Bellami 734:740 Bellami 734:740 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 Helltop 760:766 Helltop 760:766 Helltop 760:766 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 Palazzo 716:722 Palazzo 716:722 Palazzo 716:722 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 9 dep genotypes 696:704 arg1 Dukato 743:748 Dukato 743:748 Dukato 743:748 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 6 10 dep ranged 1049:1054 arg1 basis 1083:1087 as-fed basis 1076:1087 as-fed basis 1076:1087 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 2 11 with barrows 372:378 arg1 BW 396:397 an initial BW 385:397 an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg 385:410 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 7 12 theme major 1125:1129 arg1 fraction 1135:1142 the major NSP fraction 1121:1142 the major NSP fraction 1121:1142 Arabinoxylan (AX) constituted the major NSP fraction, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis). 27898917 15 13 theme NSP 2048:2050 arg1 contents 1974:1981 contents 1974:1981 contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP 1974:2050 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 3 14 theme ileal 622:626 arg1 CP 639:640 the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 612:654 CP 639:640 The N-free method was used to determine the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 27898917 8 15 dep 57.5 1261:1264 arg1 to 1258:1259 to 1258:1259 to 1258:1259 Among the 8 rye genotypes, starch contents ranged from 55.7 to 57.5% (as-fed basis). 27898917 17 16 theme introduced 2308:2317 arg1 genotypes 2319:2327 these recently introduced genotypes 2293:2327 these recently introduced genotypes 2293:2327 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 6 17 dep 12.9 1069:1072 arg1 to 1066:1067 to 1066:1067 to 1066:1067 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 3 18 theme AA 646:647 arg1 losses 649:654 the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 612:654 losses 649:654 The N-free method was used to determine the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 27898917 1 19 theme Variety 352:358 arg1 List 360:363 the German Descriptive Variety List 329:363 the German Descriptive Variety List 329:363 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 16 20 theme same 2242:2245 arg1 conditions 2247:2256 same conditions 2242:2256 same conditions 2242:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 1 21 theme physical 195:202 arg1 characteristics 204:218 physical characteristics 195:218 physical characteristics 195:218 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 2 22 theme Latin 485:489 arg1 design 498:503 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 476:503 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 476:503 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 6 23 theme as-fed 981:986 arg1 % 978:978 9.5 to 11.2% 967:978 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) 967:993 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 6 23 theme as-fed 981:986 arg1 basis 988:992 as-fed basis 981:992 as-fed basis 981:992 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 12 24 theme CP 1602:1603 arg1 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 24 theme CP 1602:1603 arg1 content 1584:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content 1550:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1550:1603 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 24 theme CP 1602:1603 arg1 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 16 25 theme physical 2164:2171 arg1 characteristics 2173:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 5 26 theme rye 829:831 arg1 genotypes 833:841 The rye genotypes 825:841 The rye genotypes 825:841 The rye genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 27898917 2 27 theme × 481:481 arg1 design 498:503 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 476:503 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 476:503 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 9 28 dep 74 1338:1339 arg1 to 1335:1336 to 1335:1336 to 1335:1336 The SID of CP in the 8 rye genotypes ranged from 70 to 74%. 27898917 1 29 theme genotypes 286:294 arg1 composition 182:192 the chemical composition 169:192 the chemical composition 169:192 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 29 theme genotypes 286:294 arg1 characteristics 204:218 physical characteristics 195:218 physical characteristics 195:218 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 29 theme genotypes 286:294 arg1 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 29 theme genotypes 286:294 arg1 digestibility 244:256 standardized ileal digestibility 225:256 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 225:262 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 30 theme growing 129:135 arg1 pigs 137:140 growing pigs 129:140 growing pigs 129:140 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 12 31 theme as-fed 1729:1734 arg1 % 1726:1726 6.9% 1723:1726 6.9% 1723:1726 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 31 theme as-fed 1729:1734 arg1 basis 1736:1740 as-fed basis 1729:1740 as-fed basis 1729:1740 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 10 32 dep genotypes 1361:1369 arg1 Dukato 1389:1394 Dukato 1389:1394 Dukato 1389:1394 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 32 dep genotypes 1361:1369 arg1 genotypes 1361:1369 genotypes 1361:1369 genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament 1361:1417 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 32 dep genotypes 1361:1369 arg1 Bellami 1380:1386 Bellami 1380:1386 Bellami 1380:1386 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 32 dep genotypes 1361:1369 arg1 Diament 1411:1417 Diament 1411:1417 Diament 1411:1417 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 0 33 theme genotypes 78:86 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 0 33 theme genotypes 78:86 arg1 digestibility 55:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 16 34 theme CP 2201:2202 arg1 composition 2151:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 34 theme CP 2201:2202 arg1 characteristics 2173:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 34 theme CP 2201:2202 arg1 SID 2194:2196 SID 2194:2196 SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions 2194:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 17 35 theme protein 2458:2464 arg1 value 2466:2470 the actual protein value 2447:2470 the actual protein value of rye for pigs 2447:2486 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 0 36 theme rye 91:93 arg1 genotypes 78:86 eight genotypes 72:86 eight genotypes of rye 72:93 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 6 37 theme as-fed 1076:1081 arg1 basis 1083:1087 as-fed basis 1076:1087 as-fed basis 1076:1087 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 5 38 theme same 902:905 arg1 site 907:910 the same site 898:910 the same site 898:910 The rye genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 27898917 1 39 with study 118:122 arg1 pigs 137:140 growing pigs 129:140 growing pigs 129:140 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 4 40 theme AA 821:822 arg1 genotypes 696:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes 685:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) 685:790 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 40 theme AA 821:822 arg1 source 804:809 the sole source 795:809 the sole source of CP and AA 795:822 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 8 41 theme rye 1210:1212 arg1 genotypes 1214:1222 the 8 rye genotypes 1204:1222 the 8 rye genotypes 1204:1222 Among the 8 rye genotypes, starch contents ranged from 55.7 to 57.5% (as-fed basis). 27898917 2 42 theme different 555:563 arg1 diets 565:569 8 different diets 553:569 8 different diets 553:569 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 0 43 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 7 44 dep 7.6 1177:1179 arg1 to 1174:1175 to 1174:1175 to 1174:1175 Arabinoxylan (AX) constituted the major NSP fraction, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis). 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 Conduct 751:757 Conduct 751:757 Conduct 751:757 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 Diament 783:789 Diament 783:789 Diament 783:789 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 genotypes 696:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes 685:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) 685:790 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 Bellami 734:740 Bellami 734:740 Bellami 734:740 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 Helltop 760:766 Helltop 760:766 Helltop 760:766 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 Palazzo 716:722 Palazzo 716:722 Palazzo 716:722 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 source 804:809 the sole source 795:809 the sole source of CP and AA 795:822 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 45 theme rye 692:694 arg1 Dukato 743:748 Dukato 743:748 Dukato 743:748 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 2 46 theme initial 388:394 arg1 BW 396:397 an initial BW 385:397 an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg 385:410 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 14 47 from differences 1889:1899 arg1 cSID 1904:1907 cSID 1904:1907 cSID 1904:1907 For Thr, Ala, and Gly, there were no differences in cSID among the 8 rye genotypes. 27898917 17 48 from values 2351:2356 arg1 tables 2366:2371 feed tables 2361:2371 feed tables 2361:2371 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 1 49 theme CP 267:268 arg1 composition 182:192 the chemical composition 169:192 the chemical composition 169:192 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 49 theme CP 267:268 arg1 characteristics 204:218 physical characteristics 195:218 physical characteristics 195:218 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 49 theme CP 267:268 arg1 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 49 theme CP 267:268 arg1 digestibility 244:256 standardized ileal digestibility 225:256 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 225:262 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 16 50 theme study 2100:2104 arg1 results 2077:2083 The results 2073:2083 The results of the present study 2073:2104 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 2 51 theme kg 409:410 arg1 BW 396:397 an initial BW 385:397 an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg 385:410 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 0 52 theme ileal 38:42 arg1 digestibility 55:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 1 53 theme AA 274:275 arg1 composition 182:192 the chemical composition 169:192 the chemical composition 169:192 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 53 theme AA 274:275 arg1 characteristics 204:218 physical characteristics 195:218 physical characteristics 195:218 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 53 theme AA 274:275 arg1 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 53 theme AA 274:275 arg1 digestibility 244:256 standardized ileal digestibility 225:256 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 225:262 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 15 54 theme AX 2032:2033 arg1 contents 1974:1981 contents 1974:1981 contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP 1974:2050 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 4 55 theme CP 814:815 arg1 genotypes 696:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes 685:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) 685:790 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 55 theme CP 814:815 arg1 source 804:809 the sole source 795:809 the sole source of CP and AA 795:822 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 13 56 dep lowest 1769:1774 arg1 < 1778:1778 < 0.05 1778:1783 < 0.05 1778:1783 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 0 57 theme acid 50:53 arg1 digestibility 55:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 13 58 contain had 1761:1763 arg1 Guttino 1753:1759 Genotype Guttino 1744:1759 Genotype Guttino 1744:1759 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 13 58 contain had 1761:1763 arg2 cSID 1786:1789 the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID 1765:1789 the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes 1765:1819 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 17 59 theme SID 2279:2281 arg1 values 2283:2288 present SID values 2271:2288 present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes 2271:2327 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 16 60 theme genotypes 2220:2228 arg1 composition 2151:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 60 theme genotypes 2220:2228 arg1 characteristics 2173:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 60 theme genotypes 2220:2228 arg1 SID 2194:2196 SID 2194:2196 SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions 2194:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 4 61 theme assay 663:667 arg1 diets 669:673 The 8 assay diets 657:673 The 8 assay diets 657:673 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 13 62 theme AA 1794:1795 arg1 cSID 1786:1789 the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID 1765:1789 the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes 1765:1819 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 8 63 theme as-fed 1268:1273 arg1 % 1265:1265 55.7 to 57.5% 1253:1265 55.7 to 57.5% (as-fed basis) 1253:1280 Among the 8 rye genotypes, starch contents ranged from 55.7 to 57.5% (as-fed basis). 27898917 8 63 theme as-fed 1268:1273 arg1 basis 1275:1279 as-fed basis 1268:1279 as-fed basis 1268:1279 Among the 8 rye genotypes, starch contents ranged from 55.7 to 57.5% (as-fed basis). 27898917 17 64 theme feed 2361:2364 arg1 tables 2366:2371 feed tables 2361:2371 feed tables 2361:2371 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 1 65 theme ileal 238:242 arg1 digestibility 244:256 standardized ileal digestibility 225:256 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 225:262 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 65 theme ileal 238:242 arg1 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 12 66 theme ileal 1567:1571 arg1 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 66 theme ileal 1567:1571 arg1 content 1584:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content 1550:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1550:1603 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 66 theme ileal 1567:1571 arg1 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 9 67 theme CP 1294:1295 arg1 SID 1287:1289 The SID 1283:1289 The SID of CP in the 8 rye genotypes 1283:1318 The SID of CP in the 8 rye genotypes ranged from 70 to 74%. 27898917 6 68 theme polysaccharides 1027:1041 arg1 contents 999:1006 contents 999:1006 contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) 999:1047 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 2 69 theme square 491:496 arg1 design 498:503 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 476:503 an 8 × 8 Latin square design 476:503 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 6 70 theme total 1011:1015 arg1 polysaccharides 1027:1041 total nonstarch polysaccharides 1011:1041 total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) 1011:1047 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 6 70 theme total 1011:1015 arg1 NSP 1044:1046 NSP 1044:1046 NSP 1044:1046 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 10 71 theme Cys 1354:1356 arg1 lower 1423:1427 lower 1423:1427 lower 1423:1427 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 71 theme Cys 1354:1356 arg1 SID 1347:1349 The SID 1343:1349 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament 1343:1417 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 7 72 dep Arabinoxylan 1091:1102 arg1 AX 1105:1106 AX 1105:1106 AX 1105:1106 Arabinoxylan (AX) constituted the major NSP fraction, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis). 27898917 9 73 theme rye 1306:1308 arg1 genotypes 1310:1318 the 8 rye genotypes 1300:1318 the 8 rye genotypes 1300:1318 The SID of CP in the 8 rye genotypes ranged from 70 to 74%. 27898917 16 74 theme present 2092:2098 arg1 study 2100:2104 the present study 2088:2104 the present study 2088:2104 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 13 75 theme lowest 1769:1774 arg1 cSID 1786:1789 the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID 1765:1789 the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes 1765:1819 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 16 76 theme rye 2216:2218 arg1 genotypes 2220:2228 8 rye genotypes 2214:2228 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions 2214:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 2 77 dep periods 512:518 arg1 each 527:530 each 527:530 each 527:530 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 10 78 from SID 1347:1349 arg1 Dukato 1389:1394 Dukato 1389:1394 Dukato 1389:1394 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 78 from SID 1347:1349 arg1 genotypes 1361:1369 genotypes 1361:1369 genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament 1361:1417 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 78 from SID 1347:1349 arg1 Bellami 1380:1386 Bellami 1380:1386 Bellami 1380:1386 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 10 78 from SID 1347:1349 arg1 Diament 1411:1417 Diament 1411:1417 Diament 1411:1417 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 7 79 theme NSP 1131:1133 arg1 fraction 1135:1142 the major NSP fraction 1121:1142 the major NSP fraction 1121:1142 Arabinoxylan (AX) constituted the major NSP fraction, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.6% (as-fed basis). 27898917 10 80 dep lower 1423:1427 arg1 < 1431:1431 < 0.05 1431:1436 < 0.05 1431:1436 The SID of Cys in genotypes Visello, Bellami, Dukato, and Dankowski Diament was lower ( < 0.05) when compared with Palazzo, Conduct, and Helltop. 27898917 3 81 theme endogenous 628:637 arg1 CP 639:640 the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 612:654 CP 639:640 The N-free method was used to determine the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 27898917 16 82 theme chemical 2142:2149 arg1 composition 2151:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 1 83 theme chemical 173:180 arg1 composition 182:192 the chemical composition 169:192 the chemical composition 169:192 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 6 84 theme rye 925:927 arg1 genotypes 929:937 the 8 rye genotypes 919:937 the 8 rye genotypes 919:937 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 11 85 from SID 1507:1509 arg1 genotypes 1524:1532 the 8 rye genotypes 1514:1532 the 8 rye genotypes 1514:1532 For all other AA, SID in the 8 rye genotypes did not differ. 27898917 15 86 dep increased 2052:2060 arg1 < 2064:2064 < 0.05 2064:2069 < 0.05 2064:2069 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 3 87 theme basal 616:620 arg1 CP 639:640 the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses 612:654 CP 639:640 The N-free method was used to determine the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 27898917 5 88 theme identical 860:868 arg1 conditions 884:893 identical environmental conditions 860:893 identical environmental conditions 860:893 The rye genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 27898917 12 89 theme Dankowski 1641:1649 arg1 Diament 1651:1657 genotype Dankowski Diament 1632:1657 genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) 1632:1678 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 17 90 theme actual 2451:2456 arg1 value 2466:2470 the actual protein value 2447:2470 the actual protein value of rye for pigs 2447:2486 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 17 91 theme rye 2475:2477 arg1 value 2466:2470 the actual protein value 2447:2470 the actual protein value of rye for pigs 2447:2486 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 11 92 theme rye 1520:1522 arg1 genotypes 1524:1532 the 8 rye genotypes 1514:1532 the 8 rye genotypes 1514:1532 For all other AA, SID in the 8 rye genotypes did not differ. 27898917 6 93 dep 11.2 974:977 arg1 to 971:972 to 971:972 to 971:972 Among the 8 rye genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 9.5 to 11.2% (as-fed basis) and contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) ranged from 10.7 to 12.9% (as-fed basis). 27898917 13 94 theme Genotype 1744:1751 arg1 Guttino 1753:1759 Genotype Guttino 1744:1759 Genotype Guttino 1744:1759 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 15 95 theme β-glucan 2006:2013 arg1 contents 1974:1981 contents 1974:1981 contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP 1974:2050 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 14 96 theme rye 1921:1923 arg1 genotypes 1925:1933 the 8 rye genotypes 1915:1933 the 8 rye genotypes 1915:1933 For Thr, Ala, and Gly, there were no differences in cSID among the 8 rye genotypes. 27898917 1 97 theme German 333:338 arg1 List 360:363 the German Descriptive Variety List 329:363 the German Descriptive Variety List 329:363 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 16 98 theme comprehensive 2116:2128 arg1 database 2130:2137 a comprehensive database 2114:2137 a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions 2114:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 2 99 theme distal 447:452 arg1 ileum 454:458 the distal ileum 443:458 the distal ileum 443:458 Eight barrows with an initial BW of 24 ± 2 kg were fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 8 pigs receiving 8 different diets. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 Diament 783:789 Diament 783:789 Diament 783:789 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 Bellami 734:740 Bellami 734:740 Bellami 734:740 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 Helltop 760:766 Helltop 760:766 Helltop 760:766 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 Palazzo 716:722 Palazzo 716:722 Palazzo 716:722 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 Dukato 743:748 Dukato 743:748 Dukato 743:748 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 source 804:809 the sole source 795:809 the sole source of CP and AA 795:822 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 Conduct 751:757 Conduct 751:757 Conduct 751:757 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg1 diets 669:673 The 8 assay diets 657:673 The 8 assay diets 657:673 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 100 contain contained 675:683 arg2 genotypes 696:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes 685:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) 685:790 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 0 101 theme growing 102:108 arg1 pigs 110:113 growing pigs 102:113 growing pigs 102:113 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 9 102 from SID 1287:1289 arg1 genotypes 1310:1318 the 8 rye genotypes 1300:1318 the 8 rye genotypes 1300:1318 The SID of CP in the 8 rye genotypes ranged from 70 to 74%. 27898917 12 103 theme genotype 1705:1712 arg1 Guttino 1714:1720 genotype Guttino 1705:1720 genotype Guttino 1705:1720 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 15 104 theme soluble 2040:2046 arg1 NSP 2048:2050 soluble NSP 2040:2050 soluble NSP 2040:2050 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 12 105 dep greatest 1609:1616 arg1 % 1726:1726 6.9% 1723:1726 6.9% 1723:1726 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 105 dep greatest 1609:1616 arg1 basis 1736:1740 as-fed basis 1729:1740 as-fed basis 1729:1740 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 105 dep greatest 1609:1616 arg1 < 1620:1620 < 0.001 1620:1626 < 0.001 1620:1626 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 8 106 theme starch 1225:1230 arg1 contents 1232:1239 starch contents 1225:1239 starch contents 1225:1239 Among the 8 rye genotypes, starch contents ranged from 55.7 to 57.5% (as-fed basis). 27898917 1 107 theme Descriptive 340:350 arg1 List 360:363 the German Descriptive Variety List 329:363 the German Descriptive Variety List 329:363 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 0 108 theme standardized 25:36 arg1 digestibility 55:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 15 109 theme most 1947:1950 arg1 AA 1952:1953 most AA 1947:1953 most AA 1947:1953 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 11 110 theme other 1497:1501 arg1 AA 1503:1504 all other AA 1493:1504 all other AA 1493:1504 For all other AA, SID in the 8 rye genotypes did not differ. 27898917 0 111 theme amino 44:48 arg1 digestibility 55:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 standardized ileal amino acid digestibility 25:67 Chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of eight genotypes of rye fed to growing pigs. 27898917 4 112 theme sole 799:802 arg1 genotypes 696:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes 685:704 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) 685:790 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 4 112 theme sole 799:802 arg1 source 804:809 the sole source 795:809 the sole source of CP and AA 795:822 The 8 assay diets contained 1 of 8 rye genotypes (Guttino, Palazzo, Visello, Bellami, Dukato, Conduct, Helltop, and Dankowski Diament) as the sole source of CP and AA. 27898917 12 113 theme as-fed 1666:1671 arg1 % 1663:1663 8.1% 1660:1663 8.1% 1660:1663 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 113 theme as-fed 1666:1671 arg1 basis 1673:1677 as-fed basis 1666:1677 as-fed basis 1666:1677 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 15 114 theme total 1986:1990 arg1 contents 1974:1981 contents 1974:1981 contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP 1974:2050 For CP and most AA, cSID decreased as contents of total and insoluble β-glucan ( < 0.05), total AX, and soluble NSP increased ( < 0.05). 27898917 13 115 theme rye 1807:1809 arg1 genotypes 1811:1819 all rye genotypes 1803:1819 all rye genotypes 1803:1819 Genotype Guttino had the lowest ( < 0.05) cSID of AA among all rye genotypes, except for Trp, Gly, and Pro. 27898917 17 116 theme genotypes 2319:2327 arg1 values 2283:2288 present SID values 2271:2288 present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes 2271:2327 However, as present SID values of these recently introduced genotypes are lower compared to values in feed tables, adjustments are possibly required to minimize the risk of overestimating the actual protein value of rye for pigs. 27898917 5 117 theme environmental 870:882 arg1 conditions 884:893 identical environmental conditions 860:893 identical environmental conditions 860:893 The rye genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site. 27898917 1 118 theme rye 282:284 arg1 genotypes 286:294 8 rye genotypes 280:294 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List 280:363 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 12 119 dep Diament 1651:1657 arg1 % 1663:1663 8.1% 1660:1663 8.1% 1660:1663 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 119 dep Diament 1651:1657 arg1 basis 1673:1677 as-fed basis 1666:1677 as-fed basis 1666:1677 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 120 theme standardized 1554:1565 arg1 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 cSID 1593:1596 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 120 theme standardized 1554:1565 arg1 content 1584:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content 1550:1590 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1550:1603 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 12 120 theme standardized 1554:1565 arg1 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 greatest 1609:1616 The standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP was greatest ( < 0.001) in genotype Dankowski Diament (8.1%, as-fed basis) and lowest ( < 0.001) in genotype Guttino (6.9%, as-fed basis). 27898917 3 121 theme N-free 576:581 arg1 method 583:588 The N-free method 572:588 The N-free method 572:588 The N-free method was used to determine the basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses. 27898917 16 122 from database 2130:2137 arg1 composition 2151:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 chemical composition 2142:2161 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 122 from database 2130:2137 arg1 characteristics 2173:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 physical characteristics 2164:2187 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 16 122 from database 2130:2137 arg1 SID 2194:2196 SID 2194:2196 SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions 2194:2256 The results of the present study provide a comprehensive database on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and SID of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes grown under same conditions. 27898917 1 123 theme standardized 225:236 arg1 digestibility 244:256 standardized ileal digestibility 225:256 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 225:262 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 27898917 1 123 theme standardized 225:236 arg1 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 SID 259:261 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 rye genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26857555 0 0 theme crumb 73:77 arg1 structures 89:98 crumb and crust structures 73:98 crumb and crust structures 73:98 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 7 1 from middle 1044:1049 arg1 heterogeneity 1006:1018 the heterogeneity 1002:1018 the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence 1002:1081 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 7 2 theme size 1032:1035 arg1 heterogeneity 1006:1018 the heterogeneity 1002:1018 the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence 1002:1081 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 2 3 theme properties 329:338 arg1 contribution 307:318 the respective contribution 292:318 the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth 292:463 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 9 4 theme bolus 1407:1411 arg1 properties 1413:1422 the bolus properties 1403:1422 the bolus properties 1403:1422 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 2 5 theme breakdown 433:441 arg1 pathways 443:450 the breakdown pathways 429:450 the breakdown pathways in the mouth 429:463 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 8 6 theme crust 1120:1124 arg1 capacity 1108:1115 the hydration capacity 1094:1115 the hydration capacity of crust 1094:1124 Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. 26857555 1 7 theme key 147:149 arg1 process 151:157 a key process 145:157 a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 145:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 7 theme key 147:149 arg1 processing 106:115 Oral processing 101:115 Oral processing during bread consumption 101:140 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 10 8 theme hydration 1601:1609 arg1 capacity 1589:1596 the capacity 1585:1596 the capacity of hydration 1585:1609 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 1 9 theme starch 235:240 arg1 stimuli 215:221 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 9 theme starch 235:240 arg1 digestion 242:250 starch digestion 235:250 starch digestion 235:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 0 10 theme crust 83:87 arg1 structures 89:98 crumb and crust structures 73:98 crumb and crust structures 73:98 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 10 11 contain had 1537:1539 arg2 impact 1544:1549 an impact 1541:1549 an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus 1541:1661 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 11 contain had 1537:1539 arg1 crumb 1510:1514 crumb 1510:1514 crumb 1510:1514 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 11 contain had 1537:1539 arg1 structures 1526:1535 crust structures 1520:1535 crust structures 1520:1535 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 2 12 dep properties 329:338 arg1 properties 329:338 bread properties 323:338 bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) 323:385 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 12 dep properties 329:338 arg1 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 12 dep properties 329:338 arg1 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 13 theme study 269:273 arg1 aim 257:259 The aim 253:259 The aim of this study 253:273 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 7 14 theme particle 1023:1030 arg1 size 1032:1035 particle size 1023:1035 particle size 1023:1035 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 9 15 theme initial 1433:1439 arg1 properties 1381:1390 the main bread properties 1366:1390 the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties 1366:1422 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 15 theme initial 1433:1439 arg1 composition 1441:1451 the initial composition 1429:1451 the initial composition 1429:1451 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 4 16 theme bread 661:665 arg1 lubrication 632:642 The progressive lubrication 616:642 The progressive lubrication 616:642 The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. 26857555 4 16 theme bread 661:665 arg1 breakdown 648:656 breakdown 648:656 breakdown of bread 648:665 The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. 26857555 10 17 theme crust 1520:1524 arg1 structures 1526:1535 crust structures 1520:1535 crust structures 1520:1535 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 9 18 theme main 1370:1373 arg1 composition 1441:1451 the initial composition 1429:1451 the initial composition 1429:1451 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 18 theme main 1370:1373 arg1 properties 1381:1390 the main bread properties 1366:1390 the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties 1366:1422 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 19 theme water-absorbing 1461:1475 arg1 capacity 1477:1484 the water-absorbing capacity 1457:1484 the water-absorbing capacity 1457:1484 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 5 20 theme bolus 835:839 arg1 properties 841:850 bolus properties 835:850 bolus properties 835:850 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 2 21 theme crumb 370:374 arg1 properties 329:338 bread properties 323:338 bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) 323:385 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 21 theme crumb 370:374 arg1 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 21 theme crumb 370:374 arg1 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 0 22 theme structures 89:98 arg1 impact 63:68 impact 63:68 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 0:99 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 5 23 theme greatest 811:818 arg1 variability 820:830 the greatest variability 807:830 the greatest variability in bolus properties 807:850 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 9 24 theme masticatory 1320:1330 arg1 index 1332:1336 the individual masticatory index 1305:1336 the individual masticatory index 1305:1336 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 2 25 theme oral 398:401 arg1 physiology 403:412 the oral physiology 394:412 the oral physiology of subjects 394:424 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 1 26 theme related 159:165 arg1 process 151:157 a key process 145:157 a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 145:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 26 theme related 159:165 arg1 processing 106:115 Oral processing 101:115 Oral processing during bread consumption 101:140 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 2 27 theme physiology 403:412 arg1 contribution 307:318 the respective contribution 292:318 the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth 292:463 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 9 28 theme main 1221:1224 arg1 duration 1295:1302 the in-mouth duration 1282:1302 the in-mouth duration 1282:1302 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 28 theme main 1221:1224 arg1 characteristics 1234:1248 The main subject characteristics 1217:1248 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties 1217:1275 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 29 theme subject 1226:1232 arg1 duration 1295:1302 the in-mouth duration 1282:1302 the in-mouth duration 1282:1302 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 29 theme subject 1226:1232 arg1 characteristics 1234:1248 The main subject characteristics 1217:1248 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties 1217:1275 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 0 30 theme Breakdown 0:8 arg1 pathways 10:17 Breakdown pathways 0:17 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 0:99 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 3 31 theme bolus 502:506 arg1 properties 470:479 The properties 466:479 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects 466:543 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 8 32 theme high 1141:1144 arg1 degradation 1153:1163 high starch degradation 1141:1163 high starch degradation 1141:1163 Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. 26857555 5 33 from variability 820:830 arg1 properties 841:850 bolus properties 835:850 bolus properties 835:850 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 8 34 theme starch 1146:1151 arg1 degradation 1153:1163 high starch degradation 1141:1163 high starch degradation 1141:1163 Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. 26857555 0 35 theme oral 26:29 arg1 processing 31:40 oral processing 26:40 oral processing of different breads 26:60 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 10 36 theme bolus 1657:1661 arg1 degree 1643:1648 the breakdown degree 1629:1648 the breakdown degree of the bolus 1629:1661 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 36 theme bolus 1657:1661 arg1 processing 1563:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 36 theme bolus 1657:1661 arg1 rheology 1616:1623 the rheology 1612:1623 the rheology 1612:1623 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 8 37 theme hydration 1098:1106 arg1 capacity 1108:1115 the hydration capacity 1094:1115 the hydration capacity of crust 1094:1124 Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. 26857555 3 38 theme bread 496:500 arg1 bolus 502:506 the in vivo bread bolus 484:506 the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects 484:543 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 9 39 theme mouth 1346:1350 arg1 volume 1352:1357 the mouth volume 1342:1357 the mouth volume 1342:1357 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 8 40 theme swallowing 1168:1177 arg1 time 1179:1182 swallowing time 1168:1182 swallowing time 1168:1182 Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. 26857555 7 41 theme processing 1063:1072 arg1 sequence 1074:1081 the oral processing sequence 1054:1081 the oral processing sequence 1054:1081 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 3 42 dep in 488:489 arg1 vivo 491:494 vivo 491:494 vivo 491:494 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 1 43 dep stimuli 215:221 arg1 stimuli 215:221 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 43 dep stimuli 215:221 arg1 release 223:229 release 223:229 release 223:229 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 43 dep stimuli 215:221 arg1 digestion 242:250 starch digestion 235:250 starch digestion 235:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 2 44 theme bread 323:327 arg1 properties 329:338 bread properties 323:338 bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) 323:385 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 44 theme bread 323:327 arg1 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 44 theme bread 323:327 arg1 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 5 45 theme responsible 791:801 arg1 " 774:774 "time" 769:774 "time" 769:774 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 5 45 theme responsible 791:801 arg1 factor 784:789 the factor 780:789 the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties 780:850 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 9 46 theme bolus 1260:1264 arg1 properties 1266:1275 bolus properties 1260:1275 bolus properties 1260:1275 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 2 47 theme crust 380:384 arg1 properties 329:338 bread properties 323:338 bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) 323:385 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 47 theme crust 380:384 arg1 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 structure 357:365 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 2 47 theme crust 380:384 arg1 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 composition 341:351 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 1 48 theme texture 186:192 arg1 perceptions 194:204 texture perceptions 186:204 texture perceptions 186:204 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 7 49 gly heterogeneity 1006:1018 arg1 size 1032:1035 particle size 1023:1035 particle size 1023:1035 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 9 50 theme in-mouth 1286:1293 arg1 duration 1295:1302 the in-mouth duration 1282:1302 the in-mouth duration 1282:1302 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 50 theme in-mouth 1286:1293 arg1 characteristics 1234:1248 The main subject characteristics 1217:1248 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties 1217:1275 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 8 51 with comparison 1188:1197 arg1 crumb 1204:1208 crumb 1204:1208 crumb alone 1204:1214 Moreover, the hydration capacity of crust contributed to high starch degradation at swallowing time, in comparison with crumb alone. 26857555 4 52 theme starch 739:744 arg1 degradation 724:734 the enzymatic degradation 710:734 the enzymatic degradation of starch 710:744 The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. 26857555 5 53 theme time 770:773 arg1 " 774:774 "time" 769:774 "time" 769:774 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 5 53 theme time 770:773 arg1 factor 784:789 the factor 780:789 the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties 780:850 The study showed that "time" was the factor responsible for the greatest variability in bolus properties. 26857555 1 54 theme perceptions 194:204 arg1 stimuli 215:221 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 54 theme perceptions 194:204 arg1 dynamics 174:181 the dynamics 170:181 the dynamics of texture perceptions 170:204 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 0 55 theme breads 55:60 arg1 processing 31:40 oral processing 26:40 oral processing of different breads 26:60 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 7 56 theme oral 959:962 arg1 processing 964:973 the oral processing 955:973 the oral processing 955:973 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 10 57 from impact 1544:1549 arg1 degree 1643:1648 the breakdown degree 1629:1648 the breakdown degree of the bolus 1629:1661 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 57 from impact 1544:1549 arg1 processing 1563:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 57 from impact 1544:1549 arg1 rheology 1616:1623 the rheology 1612:1623 the rheology 1612:1623 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 9 58 theme bread 1375:1379 arg1 composition 1441:1451 the initial composition 1429:1451 the initial composition 1429:1451 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 9 58 theme bread 1375:1379 arg1 properties 1381:1390 the main bread properties 1366:1390 the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties 1366:1422 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 26857555 7 59 theme crust 940:944 arg1 presence 928:935 The presence 924:935 The presence of crust 924:944 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 1 60 theme Oral 101:104 arg1 process 151:157 a key process 145:157 a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 145:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 60 theme Oral 101:104 arg1 processing 106:115 Oral processing 101:115 Oral processing during bread consumption 101:140 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 0 61 theme different 45:53 arg1 breads 55:60 different breads 45:60 different breads 45:60 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 6 62 theme Breakdown 853:861 arg1 pathways 863:870 Breakdown pathways 853:870 Breakdown pathways 853:870 Breakdown pathways were established for crumbs with and without crust. 26857555 3 63 theme healthy 528:534 arg1 subjects 536:543 eight healthy subjects 522:543 eight healthy subjects 522:543 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 7 64 theme oral 1058:1061 arg1 sequence 1074:1081 the oral processing sequence 1054:1081 the oral processing sequence 1054:1081 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 10 65 dep processing 1563:1572 arg1 affecting 1575:1583 affecting 1575:1583 affecting the capacity of hydration 1575:1609 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 4 66 theme enzymatic 714:722 arg1 degradation 724:734 the enzymatic degradation 710:734 the enzymatic degradation of starch 710:744 The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. 26857555 2 67 theme respective 296:305 arg1 contribution 307:318 the respective contribution 292:318 the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth 292:463 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 10 68 theme breakdown 1633:1641 arg1 degree 1643:1648 the breakdown degree 1629:1648 the breakdown degree of the bolus 1629:1661 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 68 theme breakdown 1633:1641 arg1 processing 1563:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 2 69 from pathways 443:450 arg1 mouth 459:463 the mouth 455:463 the mouth 455:463 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 3 70 theme key 567:569 arg1 points 571:576 three key points 561:576 three key points 561:576 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 1 71 theme bread 124:128 arg1 consumption 130:140 bread consumption 124:140 bread consumption 124:140 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 72 theme sensory 207:213 arg1 stimuli 215:221 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 sensory stimuli release and starch digestion 207:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 72 theme sensory 207:213 arg1 release 223:229 release 223:229 release 223:229 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 72 theme sensory 207:213 arg1 digestion 242:250 starch digestion 235:250 starch digestion 235:250 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 1 72 theme sensory 207:213 arg1 dynamics 174:181 the dynamics 170:181 the dynamics of texture perceptions 170:204 Oral processing during bread consumption is a key process related to the dynamics of texture perceptions, sensory stimuli release and starch digestion. 26857555 3 73 theme oral 599:602 arg1 processing 604:613 their oral processing 593:613 their oral processing 593:613 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 0 74 dep pathways 10:17 arg1 impact 63:68 impact 63:68 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 0:99 Breakdown pathways during oral processing of different breads: impact of crumb and crust structures. 26857555 4 75 theme progressive 620:630 arg1 lubrication 632:642 The progressive lubrication 616:642 The progressive lubrication 616:642 The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. 26857555 10 76 theme oral 1558:1561 arg1 degree 1643:1648 the breakdown degree 1629:1648 the breakdown degree of the bolus 1629:1661 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 76 theme oral 1558:1561 arg1 processing 1563:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 the oral processing 1554:1572 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 10 76 theme oral 1558:1561 arg1 rheology 1616:1623 the rheology 1612:1623 the rheology 1612:1623 We concluded that both crumb and crust structures had an impact on the oral processing, affecting the capacity of hydration, the rheology and the breakdown degree of the bolus. 26857555 2 77 theme subjects 417:424 arg1 physiology 403:412 the oral physiology 394:412 the oral physiology of subjects 394:424 The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of bread properties (composition and structure of crumb and crust) and of the oral physiology of subjects to the breakdown pathways in the mouth. 26857555 3 78 theme in 488:489 arg1 bolus 502:506 the in vivo bread bolus 484:506 the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects 484:543 The properties of the in vivo bread bolus obtained from eight healthy subjects were studied at three key points in time during their oral processing. 26857555 4 79 theme degradation 724:734 arg1 beginning 697:705 the beginning 693:705 the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch 693:744 The progressive lubrication and breakdown of bread were observed, as well as the beginning of the enzymatic degradation of starch. 26857555 7 80 theme sequence 1074:1081 arg1 middle 1044:1049 the middle 1040:1049 the middle of the oral processing sequence 1040:1081 The presence of crust modified the oral processing, increasing, for instance, the heterogeneity of particle size at the middle of the oral processing sequence. 26857555 9 81 theme individual 1309:1318 arg1 index 1332:1336 the individual masticatory index 1305:1336 the individual masticatory index 1305:1336 The main subject characteristics impacting bolus properties were the in-mouth duration, the individual masticatory index and the mouth volume, while the main bread properties explaining the bolus properties were the initial composition and the water-absorbing capacity. 24867316 1 0 dep time 78:81 arg1 series 85:90 a series 83:90 the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 68:160 We report here for the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling. 24867316 4 1 theme moisture 556:563 arg1 possibility 573:583 the possibility 569:583 the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction 569:656 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 4 1 theme moisture 556:563 arg1 effect 534:539 The effect 530:539 The effect of atmospheric moisture 530:563 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 2 2 theme glucose 377:383 arg1 mixture 342:348 a two-phase mixture 330:348 a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose 330:383 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 3 from mixture 342:348 arg1 transformation 310:323 a direct transformation 301:323 a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose 301:383 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 4 4 theme material 613:620 arg1 melting 598:604 localised melting 588:604 localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction 588:656 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 4 5 theme atmospheric 544:554 arg1 moisture 556:563 atmospheric moisture 544:563 atmospheric moisture 544:563 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 4 6 theme milling-related 633:647 arg1 friction 649:656 milling-related friction 633:656 milling-related friction 633:656 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 2 7 theme direct 303:308 arg1 transformation 310:323 a direct transformation 301:323 a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose 301:383 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 8 theme molecular 430:438 arg1 alloy 440:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 1 9 theme first 72:76 arg1 time 78:81 the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 68:160 the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 68:160 We report here for the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling. 24867316 2 10 theme sucrose/glucose 414:428 arg1 alloy 440:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 11 theme amorphous 404:412 arg1 alloy 440:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 4 12 theme melting 598:604 arg1 possibility 573:583 the possibility 569:583 the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction 569:656 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 4 12 theme melting 598:604 arg1 effect 534:539 The effect 530:539 The effect of atmospheric moisture 530:563 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 2 13 theme two-phase 332:340 arg1 mixture 342:348 a two-phase mixture 330:348 a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose 330:383 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 14 theme single-phase 391:402 arg1 alloy 440:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy 389:444 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 4 15 theme localised 588:596 arg1 melting 598:604 localised melting 588:604 localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction 588:656 The effect of atmospheric moisture and the possibility of localised melting of the material because of milling-related friction were also discussed. 24867316 2 16 theme sucrose 365:371 arg1 mixture 342:348 a two-phase mixture 330:348 a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose 330:383 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 17 theme magnetic 251:258 arg1 resonance 260:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 3 18 theme molecular 451:459 arg1 alloys 461:466 The molecular alloys 447:466 The molecular alloys 447:466 The molecular alloys displayed a single Tg which varied linearly with composition. 24867316 2 19 theme scanning 176:183 arg1 calorimetry 185:195 Differential scanning calorimetry 163:195 Differential scanning calorimetry 163:195 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 20 theme nuclear 243:249 arg1 resonance 260:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 21 theme Differential 163:174 arg1 calorimetry 185:195 Differential scanning calorimetry 163:195 Differential scanning calorimetry 163:195 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 22 theme proton 236:241 arg1 resonance 260:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 1 23 theme amorphous 95:103 arg1 alloys 131:136 amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys 95:136 amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 95:160 We report here for the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling. 24867316 2 24 theme solution 227:234 arg1 resonance 260:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance 227:268 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 1 25 theme sucrose/glucose 105:119 arg1 alloys 131:136 amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys 95:136 amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 95:160 We report here for the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling. 24867316 1 26 theme molecular 121:129 arg1 alloys 131:136 amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys 95:136 amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 95:160 We report here for the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling. 24867316 2 27 theme powder 204:209 arg1 diffraction 211:221 X-ray powder diffraction 198:221 X-ray powder diffraction 198:221 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 1 28 theme alloys 131:136 arg1 series 85:90 a series 83:90 the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling 68:160 We report here for the first time a series of amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloys prepared by cryomilling. 24867316 2 29 theme crystalline 353:363 arg1 sucrose 365:371 crystalline sucrose 353:371 crystalline sucrose 353:371 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 2 30 theme X-ray 198:202 arg1 diffraction 211:221 X-ray powder diffraction 198:221 X-ray powder diffraction 198:221 Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that cryomilling drives a direct transformation from a two-phase mixture of crystalline sucrose and glucose, to a single-phase amorphous sucrose/glucose molecular alloy. 24867316 3 31 theme single 480:485 arg1 Tg 487:488 a single Tg 478:488 a single Tg which varied linearly with composition 478:527 The molecular alloys displayed a single Tg which varied linearly with composition. 27287517 6 0 from each 967:970 arg1 negative 955:962 negative 955:962 negative 955:962 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 1 1 theme intravenous 182:192 arg1 immunoglobulin 194:207 intravenous immunoglobulin 182:207 intravenous immunoglobulin 182:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 1 2 theme nanobubbles 286:296 arg1 presence 274:281 the presence 270:281 the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) 270:302 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 7 3 theme days 1201:1204 arg1 end 1191:1193 the end 1187:1193 the end of 11 days 1187:1204 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 1 4 theme immunoglobulin 194:207 arg1 formulations 166:177 lyophilized formulations 154:177 lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin 154:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 7 5 theme NBs 1158:1160 arg1 number 1148:1153 the number 1144:1153 the number of NBs 1144:1160 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 7 5 theme NBs 1158:1160 arg1 unchanged 1174:1182 unchanged 1174:1182 unchanged 1174:1182 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 0 6 from Formation 0:8 arg1 Formulations 62:73 Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations 35:73 Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose 35:94 Formation of Stable Nanobubbles on Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose. 27287517 8 7 theme submicron 1389:1397 arg1 particles 1399:1407 submicron particles 1389:1407 submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1389:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 5 8 theme Trehalose 786:794 arg1 formulations 796:807 Trehalose formulations 786:807 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength 786:884 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 6 9 theme bubbles 942:948 arg1 potentials 924:933 Zeta potentials 919:933 Zeta potentials of the bubbles 919:948 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 6 10 theme zeta 1017:1020 arg1 potentials 1022:1031 the negative zeta potentials 1004:1031 the negative zeta potentials 1004:1031 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 8 11 theme exceptional 1317:1327 arg1 stability 1329:1337 their exceptional stability 1311:1337 their exceptional stability 1311:1337 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 4 12 theme fewer 775:779 arg1 NBs 781:783 fewer NBs 775:783 fewer NBs 775:783 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 4 13 theme frozen 682:687 arg1 state 689:693 the frozen state 678:693 the frozen state 678:693 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 4 14 theme reduced 721:727 arg1 areas 737:741 reduced surface areas 721:741 reduced surface areas 721:741 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 2 15 theme compositions 489:500 arg1 function 442:449 a function 440:449 a function of processing conditions and solution compositions 440:500 This discovery prompted studies to characterize these NBs in placebo formulations as a function of processing conditions and solution compositions. 27287517 2 16 theme placebo 416:422 arg1 formulations 424:435 placebo formulations 416:435 placebo formulations as a function of processing conditions and solution compositions 416:500 This discovery prompted studies to characterize these NBs in placebo formulations as a function of processing conditions and solution compositions. 27287517 2 17 theme solution 480:487 arg1 compositions 489:500 solution compositions 480:500 solution compositions 480:500 This discovery prompted studies to characterize these NBs in placebo formulations as a function of processing conditions and solution compositions. 27287517 8 18 theme particles 1399:1407 arg1 numbers 1378:1384 the numbers 1374:1384 the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1374:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 6 19 from negative 955:962 arg1 formulations 979:990 the formulations 975:990 the formulations tested 975:997 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 6 19 from negative 955:962 arg1 each 967:970 each 967:970 each 967:970 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 5 20 theme higher 864:869 arg1 strength 877:884 higher ionic strength 864:884 higher ionic strength 864:884 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 6 21 theme negative 1008:1015 arg1 potentials 1022:1031 the negative zeta potentials 1004:1031 the negative zeta potentials 1004:1031 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 5 22 contain had 891:893 arg1 formulations 796:807 Trehalose formulations 786:807 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength 786:884 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 5 22 contain had 891:893 arg2 numbers 903:909 smaller numbers 895:909 smaller numbers of NBs 895:916 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 7 23 theme 11-day 1281:1286 arg1 incubation 1288:1297 the 11-day incubation 1277:1297 the 11-day incubation 1277:1297 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 1 24 theme resonant 218:225 arg1 techniques 244:253 resonant mass measurement techniques 218:253 resonant mass measurement techniques 218:253 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 0 25 theme Nanobubbles 20:30 arg1 Formation 0:8 Formation 0:8 Formation of Stable Nanobubbles on Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose. 0:95 Formation of Stable Nanobubbles on Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose. 27287517 6 26 theme PS20 1113:1116 arg1 addition 1101:1108 addition 1101:1108 addition of PS20 1101:1116 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 1 27 theme mass 227:230 arg1 techniques 244:253 resonant mass measurement techniques 218:253 resonant mass measurement techniques 218:253 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 2 28 theme processing 454:463 arg1 conditions 465:474 processing conditions 454:474 processing conditions 454:474 This discovery prompted studies to characterize these NBs in placebo formulations as a function of processing conditions and solution compositions. 27287517 1 29 theme 5 311:311 arg1 % 312:312 % 312:312 % 312:312 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 6 30 theme Zeta 919:922 arg1 potentials 924:933 Zeta potentials 919:933 Zeta potentials of the bubbles 919:948 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 1 31 theme subvisible 124:133 arg1 particles 135:143 subvisible particles 124:143 subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin 124:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 1 32 theme measurement 232:242 arg1 techniques 244:253 resonant mass measurement techniques 218:253 resonant mass measurement techniques 218:253 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 0 33 theme Reconstituting 35:48 arg1 Formulations 62:73 Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations 35:73 Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose 35:94 Formation of Stable Nanobubbles on Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose. 27287517 1 34 theme % 312:312 arg1 formulation 324:334 a 5% trehalose formulation 309:334 a 5% trehalose formulation 309:334 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 5 35 with formulations 796:807 arg1 polysorbate 820:830 added polysorbate 20 814:833 added polysorbate 20 (PS20) 814:840 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 5 35 with formulations 796:807 arg1 PS20 836:839 PS20 836:839 PS20 836:839 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 5 35 with formulations 796:807 arg1 formulations 846:857 formulations 846:857 formulations 846:857 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 5 35 with formulations 796:807 arg1 strength 877:884 higher ionic strength 864:884 higher ionic strength 864:884 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 4 36 theme surface 729:735 arg1 areas 737:741 reduced surface areas 721:741 reduced surface areas 721:741 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 5 37 theme smaller 895:901 arg1 numbers 903:909 smaller numbers 895:909 smaller numbers of NBs 895:916 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 1 38 theme trehalose 314:322 arg1 formulation 324:334 a 5% trehalose formulation 309:334 a 5% trehalose formulation 309:334 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 7 39 from end 1191:1193 arg1 number 1148:1153 the number 1144:1153 the number of NBs 1144:1160 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 7 39 from end 1191:1193 arg1 unchanged 1174:1182 unchanged 1174:1182 unchanged 1174:1182 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 2 40 theme conditions 465:474 arg1 function 442:449 a function 440:449 a function of processing conditions and solution compositions 440:500 This discovery prompted studies to characterize these NBs in placebo formulations as a function of processing conditions and solution compositions. 27287517 5 41 theme ionic 871:875 arg1 strength 877:884 higher ionic strength 864:884 higher ionic strength 864:884 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 8 42 theme reconstituted 1433:1445 arg1 formulations 1467:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 3 43 theme NBs 643:645 arg1 concentration 626:638 the concentration 622:638 the concentration of NBs 622:645 Degassing the reconstituted solutions by applying vacuum removed micron-sized bubbles but did not substantially affect the concentration of NBs. 27287517 1 44 theme particles 135:143 arg1 investigation 107:119 an investigation 104:119 an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin 104:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 0 45 theme Lyophilized 50:60 arg1 Formulations 62:73 Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations 35:73 Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose 35:94 Formation of Stable Nanobubbles on Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose. 27287517 8 46 theme lyophilized 1447:1457 arg1 formulations 1467:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 8 47 located detected 1421:1428 arg1 formulations 1467:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 8 47 located detected 1421:1428 arg2 particles 1399:1407 submicron particles 1389:1407 submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1389:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 4 48 dep had 717:719 arg1 yielded 767:773 yielded 767:773 yielded fewer NBs 767:783 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 8 49 theme protein 1459:1465 arg1 formulations 1467:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations 1433:1478 Because of their exceptional stability, NBs are expected to contribute to the numbers of submicron particles that can be detected in reconstituted lyophilized protein formulations. 27287517 3 50 theme reconstituted 517:529 arg1 solutions 531:539 the reconstituted solutions 513:539 the reconstituted solutions 513:539 Degassing the reconstituted solutions by applying vacuum removed micron-sized bubbles but did not substantially affect the concentration of NBs. 27287517 4 51 contain had 717:719 arg1 Samples 648:654 Samples 648:654 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization 648:715 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 4 51 contain had 717:719 arg2 areas 737:741 reduced surface areas 721:741 reduced surface areas 721:741 Samples that were annealed in the frozen state before lyophilization had reduced surface areas and, on reconstitution, yielded fewer NBs. 27287517 1 52 used used 213:216 arg2 we 210:211 we 210:211 we 210:211 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 1 53 theme lyophilized 154:164 arg1 formulations 166:177 lyophilized formulations 154:177 lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin 154:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 7 54 theme bubbles 1242:1248 arg1 number 1219:1224 the number 1215:1224 the number of micron-sized bubbles 1215:1248 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 27287517 5 55 theme added 814:818 arg1 polysorbate 820:830 added polysorbate 20 814:833 added polysorbate 20 (PS20) 814:840 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 5 55 theme added 814:818 arg1 PS20 836:839 PS20 836:839 PS20 836:839 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 6 56 theme ionic 1077:1081 arg1 strength 1083:1090 ionic strength 1077:1090 ionic strength 1077:1090 Zeta potentials of the bubbles were negative in each of the formulations tested, but the negative zeta potentials were decreased in magnitude with increasing ionic strength and with addition of PS20. 27287517 3 57 theme micron-sized 568:579 arg1 bubbles 581:587 micron-sized bubbles 568:587 micron-sized bubbles 568:587 Degassing the reconstituted solutions by applying vacuum removed micron-sized bubbles but did not substantially affect the concentration of NBs. 27287517 5 58 theme NBs 914:916 arg1 numbers 903:909 smaller numbers 895:909 smaller numbers of NBs 895:916 Trehalose formulations with added polysorbate 20 (PS20) and formulations with higher ionic strength also had smaller numbers of NBs. 27287517 1 59 located found 145:149 arg2 particles 135:143 subvisible particles 124:143 subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin 124:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 1 59 located found 145:149 arg1 formulations 166:177 lyophilized formulations 154:177 lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin 154:207 During an investigation of subvisible particles found in lyophilized formulations of intravenous immunoglobulin, we used resonant mass measurement techniques and discovered the presence of nanobubbles (NBs) when a 5% trehalose formulation was reconstituted. 27287517 0 60 theme Stable 13:18 arg1 Nanobubbles 20:30 Stable Nanobubbles 13:30 Stable Nanobubbles 13:30 Formation of Stable Nanobubbles on Reconstituting Lyophilized Formulations Containing Trehalose. 27287517 7 61 theme micron-sized 1229:1240 arg1 bubbles 1242:1248 micron-sized bubbles 1229:1248 micron-sized bubbles 1229:1248 When incubated at 4(°)C, the number of NBs was largely unchanged at the end of 11 days, whereas the number of micron-sized bubbles gradually decreased during the 11-day incubation. 25491796 8 0 theme release 1076:1082 arg1 rate 1063:1066 the rate 1059:1066 the rate of drug release 1059:1082 The tests demonstrated strong dependence between the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite, and the rate of drug release. 25491796 6 1 theme alginate 695:702 arg1 Alg 712:714 Alg 712:714 Alg 712:714 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 1 theme alginate 695:702 arg1 fibers 704:709 alginate fibers 695:709 alginate fibers (Alg) 695:715 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 8 2 theme drug 1071:1074 arg1 release 1076:1082 drug release 1071:1082 drug release 1071:1082 The tests demonstrated strong dependence between the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite, and the rate of drug release. 25491796 8 3 theme strong 966:971 arg1 dependence 973:982 strong dependence 966:982 strong dependence between the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite 966:1052 The tests demonstrated strong dependence between the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite, and the rate of drug release. 25491796 7 4 theme multifunctional 880:894 arg1 nails 922:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 In this way, novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails were obtained. 25491796 9 5 theme nails 1193:1197 arg1 activity 1177:1184 antibacterial activity 1163:1184 antibacterial activity of the nails 1163:1197 Introduction of gentamicin into the nail structure strengthened and prolonged antibacterial activity of the nails. 25491796 7 6 theme degradable 896:905 arg1 nails 922:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 In this way, novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails were obtained. 25491796 7 7 theme multi-phase 864:874 arg1 nails 922:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 In this way, novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails were obtained. 25491796 9 8 theme gentamicin 1101:1110 arg1 Introduction 1085:1096 Introduction 1085:1096 Introduction of gentamicin into the nail structure 1085:1134 Introduction of gentamicin into the nail structure strengthened and prolonged antibacterial activity of the nails. 25491796 6 9 theme various 827:833 arg1 systems 835:841 various systems 827:841 various systems 827:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 10 theme magnesium 721:729 arg1 Mg 744:745 Mg 744:745 Mg 744:745 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 10 theme magnesium 721:729 arg1 wires 737:741 magnesium alloy wires 721:741 magnesium alloy wires (Mg) 721:746 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 4 11 theme intramedullary 426:439 arg1 nails 441:445 biodegradable intramedullary nails 412:445 biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix 412:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 4 12 theme poly 489:492 arg1 matrix 505:510 a poly(L-lactide) matrix 487:510 a poly(L-lactide) matrix 487:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 6 13 mod modified 760:767 arg1 matrix 648:653 The matrix 644:653 The matrix 644:653 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 13 mod modified 760:767 arg3 particles 784:792 bioactive particles 774:792 bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems 774:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 4 14 theme biodegradable 412:424 arg1 nails 441:445 biodegradable intramedullary nails 412:445 biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix 412:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 9 15 theme nail 1121:1124 arg1 structure 1126:1134 the nail structure 1117:1134 the nail structure 1117:1134 Introduction of gentamicin into the nail structure strengthened and prolonged antibacterial activity of the nails. 25491796 7 16 theme novel 857:861 arg1 nails 922:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 In this way, novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails were obtained. 25491796 3 17 theme infection 387:395 arg1 development 369:379 the development 365:379 the development of an infection 365:395 A solution to this issue can be the use of implants which additionally constitute an antibiotic carrier preventing the development of an infection. 25491796 4 18 theme L-lactide 494:502 arg1 matrix 505:510 a poly(L-lactide) matrix 487:510 a poly(L-lactide) matrix 487:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 8 19 theme modifying 1008:1016 arg1 phase 1018:1022 the modifying phase 1004:1022 the modifying phase introduced into the composite 1004:1052 The tests demonstrated strong dependence between the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite, and the rate of drug release. 25491796 0 20 from composites 59:68 arg1 release 11:17 Gentamicin release 0:17 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 0:100 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 4 21 with composites 471:480 arg1 matrix 505:510 a poly(L-lactide) matrix 487:510 a poly(L-lactide) matrix 487:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 0 22 theme Gentamicin 0:9 arg1 release 11:17 Gentamicin release 0:17 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 0:100 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 5 23 theme osteomyelitis 629:641 arg1 treatment 616:624 the treatment 612:624 the treatment of osteomyelitis 612:641 The nails served as gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier - an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 25491796 1 24 from problems 119:126 arg1 surgery 142:148 orthopedic surgery 131:148 orthopedic surgery 131:148 One of the major problems in orthopedic surgery is infection associated with implantation. 25491796 6 25 theme phosphate 808:816 arg1 particles 784:792 bioactive particles 774:792 bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems 774:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 0 26 theme biodegradable 24:36 arg1 composites 59:68 biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites 24:68 biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites 24:68 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 9 27 theme antibacterial 1163:1175 arg1 activity 1177:1184 antibacterial activity 1163:1184 antibacterial activity of the nails 1163:1197 Introduction of gentamicin into the nail structure strengthened and prolonged antibacterial activity of the nails. 25491796 6 28 theme carbon 675:680 arg1 CF 690:691 CF 690:691 CF 690:691 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 28 theme carbon 675:680 arg1 fibers 682:687 carbon fibers 675:687 carbon fibers (CF) 675:692 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 29 from phosphate 808:816 arg1 systems 835:841 various systems 827:841 various systems 827:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 8 30 theme phase 1018:1022 arg1 type 996:999 the type 992:999 the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite 992:1052 The tests demonstrated strong dependence between the type of the modifying phase introduced into the composite, and the rate of drug release. 25491796 1 31 theme major 113:117 arg1 problems 119:126 the major problems 109:126 the major problems in orthopedic surgery 109:148 One of the major problems in orthopedic surgery is infection associated with implantation. 25491796 0 32 theme based 53:57 arg1 composites 59:68 biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites 24:68 biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites 24:68 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 4 33 theme different 461:469 arg1 composites 471:480 three different composites 455:480 three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix 455:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 0 34 theme poly-l-lactide 38:51 arg1 composites 59:68 biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites 24:68 biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites 24:68 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 6 35 theme tricalcium 797:806 arg1 TCP 819:821 TCP 819:821 TCP 819:821 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 35 theme tricalcium 797:806 arg1 phosphate 808:816 tricalcium phosphate 797:816 tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems 797:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 5 36 theme gentamicin 547:556 arg1 carrier 571:577 gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier 547:577 gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier 547:577 The nails served as gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier - an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 25491796 6 37 from particles 784:792 arg1 systems 835:841 various systems 827:841 various systems 827:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 3 38 theme implants 293:300 arg1 solution 252:259 A solution 250:259 A solution to this issue 250:273 A solution to this issue can be the use of implants which additionally constitute an antibiotic carrier preventing the development of an infection. 25491796 3 38 theme implants 293:300 arg1 use 286:288 the use 282:288 the use of implants which additionally constitute an antibiotic carrier preventing the development of an infection 282:395 A solution to this issue can be the use of implants which additionally constitute an antibiotic carrier preventing the development of an infection. 25491796 0 39 theme novel 74:78 arg1 nails 95:99 novel intramedullary nails 74:99 novel intramedullary nails 74:99 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 2 40 theme long-term 231:239 arg1 process 241:247 a very difficult and long-term process 210:247 a very difficult and long-term process 210:247 The treatment is a very difficult and long-term process. 25491796 2 40 theme long-term 231:239 arg1 treatment 197:205 The treatment 193:205 The treatment 193:205 The treatment is a very difficult and long-term process. 25491796 5 41 theme sulfate 558:564 arg1 carrier 571:577 gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier 547:577 gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier 547:577 The nails served as gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier - an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 25491796 1 42 theme problems 119:126 arg1 problems 119:126 the major problems 109:126 the major problems in orthopedic surgery 109:148 One of the major problems in orthopedic surgery is infection associated with implantation. 25491796 1 42 theme problems 119:126 arg1 One 102:104 One 102:104 One 102:104 One of the major problems in orthopedic surgery is infection associated with implantation. 25491796 2 43 theme difficult 217:225 arg1 process 241:247 a very difficult and long-term process 210:247 a very difficult and long-term process 210:247 The treatment is a very difficult and long-term process. 25491796 2 43 theme difficult 217:225 arg1 treatment 197:205 The treatment 193:205 The treatment 193:205 The treatment is a very difficult and long-term process. 25491796 6 44 theme bioactive 774:782 arg1 particles 784:792 bioactive particles 774:792 bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems 774:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 45 from systems 835:841 arg1 particles 784:792 bioactive particles 774:792 bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems 774:841 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 4 46 theme nails 441:445 arg1 Prototypes 398:407 Prototypes 398:407 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix 398:510 Prototypes of biodegradable intramedullary nails made of three different composites with a poly(L-lactide) matrix were designed. 25491796 5 47 theme GS 567:568 arg1 carrier 571:577 gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier 547:577 gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier 547:577 The nails served as gentamicin sulfate (GS) carrier - an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. 25491796 1 48 theme orthopedic 131:140 arg1 surgery 142:148 orthopedic surgery 131:148 orthopedic surgery 131:148 One of the major problems in orthopedic surgery is infection associated with implantation. 25491796 6 49 theme alloy 731:735 arg1 Mg 744:745 Mg 744:745 Mg 744:745 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 6 49 theme alloy 731:735 arg1 wires 737:741 magnesium alloy wires 721:741 magnesium alloy wires (Mg) 721:746 The matrix was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF), alginate fibers (Alg) and magnesium alloy wires (Mg), as well as modified with bioactive particles of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in various systems. 25491796 0 50 theme intramedullary 80:93 arg1 nails 95:99 novel intramedullary nails 74:99 novel intramedullary nails 74:99 Gentamicin release from biodegradable poly-l-lactide based composites for novel intramedullary nails. 25491796 3 51 theme antibiotic 335:344 arg1 carrier 346:352 an antibiotic carrier 332:352 an antibiotic carrier preventing the development of an infection 332:395 A solution to this issue can be the use of implants which additionally constitute an antibiotic carrier preventing the development of an infection. 25491796 7 52 theme intramedullary 907:920 arg1 nails 922:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails 857:926 In this way, novel, multi-phase and multifunctional degradable intramedullary nails were obtained. 25498615 4 0 from FYGL-n 786:791 arg1 analysis 759:766 The analysis 755:766 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n 755:791 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 2 1 theme spectroscopic 353:365 arg1 analysis 367:374 both chemical and spectroscopic analysis 335:374 both chemical and spectroscopic analysis 335:374 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 2 2 theme O-type 498:503 arg1 glycoside 505:513 O-type glycoside 498:513 O-type glycoside 498:513 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 3 3 theme 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47 699:717 arg1 ratio 690:694 a mole ratio 683:694 a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47 683:717 Specifically, monosaccharide composition indicated that FYGL-n consisted of D-arabinose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and D-glucose in a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47, with a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 acid 904:907 glutamic acid 895:907 glutamic acid 895:907 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 components 941:950 the dominant components 928:950 the dominant components 928:950 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 serine 878:883 serine 878:883 serine 878:883 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 threonine 913:921 threonine 913:921 threonine 913:921 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 alanine 886:892 alanine 886:892 alanine 886:892 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 acid 863:866 acid 863:866 acid 863:866 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 4 theme aspartic 854:861 arg1 glycine 869:875 glycine 869:875 glycine 869:875 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 5 5 theme competitive 1028:1038 arg1 mechanism 1040:1048 a competitive mechanism 1026:1048 a competitive mechanism 1026:1048 Also it was demonstrated that FYGL-n could inhibit the PTP1B activity on a competitive mechanism in vitro. 25498615 4 6 from acids 777:781 arg1 FYGL-n 786:791 FYGL-n 786:791 FYGL-n 786:791 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 7 theme amino 771:775 arg1 acids 777:781 amino acids 771:781 amino acids in FYGL-n 771:791 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 3 8 theme monosaccharide 567:580 arg1 composition 582:592 monosaccharide composition 567:592 monosaccharide composition 567:592 Specifically, monosaccharide composition indicated that FYGL-n consisted of D-arabinose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and D-glucose in a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47, with a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 acid 904:907 glutamic acid 895:907 glutamic acid 895:907 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 components 941:950 the dominant components 928:950 the dominant components 928:950 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 serine 878:883 serine 878:883 serine 878:883 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 threonine 913:921 threonine 913:921 threonine 913:921 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 alanine 886:892 alanine 886:892 alanine 886:892 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 acid 863:866 acid 863:866 acid 863:866 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 9 theme dominant 932:939 arg1 glycine 869:875 glycine 869:875 glycine 869:875 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 2 10 theme chemical 340:347 arg1 analysis 367:374 both chemical and spectroscopic analysis 335:374 both chemical and spectroscopic analysis 335:374 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 3 11 theme molecular 727:735 arg1 mass 737:740 a molecular mass 725:740 a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa 725:752 Specifically, monosaccharide composition indicated that FYGL-n consisted of D-arabinose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and D-glucose in a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47, with a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa. 25498615 4 12 from analysis 759:766 arg1 FYGL-n 786:791 FYGL-n 786:791 FYGL-n 786:791 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 13 theme acids 777:781 arg1 analysis 759:766 The analysis 755:766 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n 755:791 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 2 14 dep serine 465:470 arg1 residues 486:493 residues 486:493 residues 486:493 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 2 15 theme FYGL-n 319:324 arg1 Structure 283:291 Structure 283:291 Structure 283:291 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 2 15 theme FYGL-n 319:324 arg1 conformation 303:314 chain conformation 297:314 chain conformation 297:314 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 3 16 theme mole 685:688 arg1 ratio 690:694 a mole ratio 683:694 a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47 683:717 Specifically, monosaccharide composition indicated that FYGL-n consisted of D-arabinose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and D-glucose in a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47, with a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 acid 904:907 glutamic acid 895:907 glutamic acid 895:907 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 components 941:950 the dominant components 928:950 the dominant components 928:950 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 serine 878:883 serine 878:883 serine 878:883 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 threonine 913:921 threonine 913:921 threonine 913:921 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 alanine 886:892 alanine 886:892 alanine 886:892 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 acid 863:866 acid 863:866 acid 863:866 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 4 17 theme glutamic 895:902 arg1 glycine 869:875 glycine 869:875 glycine 869:875 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 5 18 theme PTP1B 1008:1012 arg1 activity 1014:1021 the PTP1B activity 1004:1021 the PTP1B activity 1004:1021 Also it was demonstrated that FYGL-n could inhibit the PTP1B activity on a competitive mechanism in vitro. 25498615 3 19 theme kDa 750:752 arg1 mass 737:740 a molecular mass 725:740 a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa 725:752 Specifically, monosaccharide composition indicated that FYGL-n consisted of D-arabinose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and D-glucose in a mole ratio of 0.08:0.21:0.24:0.47, with a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa. 25498615 2 20 theme chain 297:301 arg1 conformation 303:314 chain conformation 297:314 chain conformation 297:314 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 0 21 theme hyperbranched 36:48 arg1 proteoglycan 50:61 a hyperbranched proteoglycan 34:61 a hyperbranched proteoglycan 34:61 Isolation and characterization of a hyperbranched proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes. 25498615 0 22 from lucidum 78:84 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of a hyperbranched proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes. 25498615 0 22 from lucidum 78:84 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of a hyperbranched proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes. 25498615 2 23 theme hyperbranched 401:413 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 415:434 a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide 399:434 a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside 399:513 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 2 23 theme hyperbranched 401:413 arg1 FYGL-n 388:393 FYGL-n 388:393 FYGL-n 388:393 Structure and chain conformation of FYGL-n based on both chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that FYGL-n was a hyperbranched heteropolysaccharide bonded with protein via both serine and threonine residues by O-type glycoside, and showed a sphere observed by AFM. 25498615 4 24 theme amino 829:833 arg1 acids 835:839 16 common amino acids 819:839 16 common amino acids 819:839 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 1 25 theme efficient 119:127 arg1 phosphatase 146:156 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 116:156 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 0 26 theme proteoglycan 50:61 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of a hyperbranched proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes. 25498615 0 26 theme proteoglycan 50:61 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of a hyperbranched proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes. 25498615 4 27 theme common 822:827 arg1 acids 835:839 16 common amino acids 819:839 16 common amino acids 819:839 The analysis of amino acids in FYGL-n indicated that there were 16 common amino acids, among which aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and threonine were the dominant components. 25498615 1 28 theme protein 129:135 arg1 phosphatase 146:156 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 116:156 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 29 theme tyrosine 137:144 arg1 phosphatase 146:156 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 116:156 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 30 theme Ganoderma 212:220 arg1 Lucidum 222:228 Ganoderma Lucidum 212:228 Ganoderma Lucidum 212:228 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 31 theme phosphatase 146:156 arg1 PTP1B 162:166 PTP1B 162:166 PTP1B 162:166 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 31 theme phosphatase 146:156 arg1 1B 158:159 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B 116:159 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 32 attach isolated 198:205 arg2 inhibitor 169:177 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 32 attach isolated 198:205 arg1 Lucidum 222:228 Ganoderma Lucidum 212:228 Ganoderma Lucidum 212:228 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 1 33 theme 1B 158:159 arg1 inhibitor 169:177 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor 116:177 Presently, an efficient protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, named FYGL-n, was isolated from Ganoderma Lucidum and characterized for its structure and bioactivity. 25498615 0 34 theme Ganoderma 68:76 arg1 lucidum 78:84 Ganoderma lucidum 68:84 Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes 68:102 Isolation and characterization of a hyperbranched proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum for anti-diabetes. 28402219 0 0 theme cell 80:83 arg1 scaffolds 19:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds 0:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 0:113 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 0 theme cell 80:83 arg1 stimulation 85:95 cell stimulation 80:95 cell stimulation 80:95 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 7 1 used used 1296:1299 arg2 technique 1313:1321 a simple technique 1304:1321 a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering 1304:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 1 used used 1296:1299 arg2 scaffold 1240:1247 the scaffold 1236:1247 the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1236:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 2 from biomaterial 1431:1441 arg1 engineering 1458:1468 bone tissue engineering 1446:1468 bone tissue engineering 1446:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 3 theme CS 1278:1279 arg1 coating 1281:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 6 4 theme controlled 1036:1045 arg1 fashion 1047:1053 a controlled fashion 1034:1053 a controlled fashion 1034:1053 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 3 5 theme compressive 522:532 arg1 strength 534:541 compressive strength 522:541 compressive strength 522:541 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 7 6 theme synthetic 1349:1357 arg1 scaffolds 1359:1367 synthetic scaffolds 1349:1367 synthetic scaffolds active 1349:1374 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 7 theme tissue 1451:1456 arg1 engineering 1458:1468 bone tissue engineering 1446:1468 bone tissue engineering 1446:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 8 link crosslinked 1266:1276 arg1 coating 1281:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 1 9 theme composite 267:275 arg1 scaffold 284:291 nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold 224:291 nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold 224:291 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 7 10 theme performance 1419:1429 arg1 biomaterial 1431:1441 a promising high performance biomaterial 1402:1441 a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering 1402:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 10 theme performance 1419:1429 arg1 them 1391:1394 them 1391:1394 them 1391:1394 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 3 11 theme drug 560:563 arg1 release 565:571 drug release 560:571 drug release 560:571 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 1 12 theme porous 277:282 arg1 scaffold 284:291 nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold 224:291 nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold 224:291 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 5 13 theme MTT 846:848 arg1 assay 850:854 the MTT assay 842:854 the MTT assay 842:854 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 3 14 theme swelling 544:551 arg1 ratio 553:557 swelling ratio 544:557 swelling ratio 544:557 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 4 15 theme pore 693:696 arg1 interconnection 698:712 pore interconnection 693:712 pore interconnection 693:712 After coating, the scaffold porosity and pore interconnection were slightly decreased. 28402219 5 16 theme cell 894:897 arg1 viability 899:907 positive cell viability 885:907 positive cell viability 885:907 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 0 17 theme drug 101:104 arg1 scaffolds 19:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds 0:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 0:113 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 17 theme drug 101:104 arg1 release 106:112 drug release 101:112 drug release 101:112 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 6 18 theme drug 1193:1196 arg1 release 1198:1204 a controlled drug release 1180:1204 a controlled drug release 1180:1204 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 2 19 theme drug/CS 411:417 arg1 solution 419:426 an aqueous drug/CS solution 400:426 an aqueous drug/CS solution 400:426 The prefabricated scaffold was immersed into an aqueous drug/CS solution in a vacuum condition and then crosslinked by vanillin. 28402219 0 20 theme n-HA/PA66 9:17 arg1 scaffolds 19:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds 0:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 0:113 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 20 theme n-HA/PA66 9:17 arg1 stimulation 85:95 cell stimulation 80:95 cell stimulation 80:95 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 20 theme n-HA/PA66 9:17 arg1 release 106:112 drug release 101:112 drug release 101:112 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 6 21 theme controlled 1182:1191 arg1 release 1198:1204 a controlled drug release 1180:1204 a controlled drug release 1180:1204 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 2 22 theme aqueous 403:409 arg1 solution 419:426 an aqueous drug/CS solution 400:426 an aqueous drug/CS solution 400:426 The prefabricated scaffold was immersed into an aqueous drug/CS solution in a vacuum condition and then crosslinked by vanillin. 28402219 0 23 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 scaffolds 19:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds 0:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 0:113 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 23 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 stimulation 85:95 cell stimulation 80:95 cell stimulation 80:95 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 23 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 release 106:112 drug release 101:112 drug release 101:112 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 6 24 theme coated 1015:1020 arg1 scaffold 1022:1029 the coated scaffold 1011:1029 the coated scaffold 1011:1029 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 1 25 theme drug-loaded 187:197 arg1 CS 209:210 CS 209:210 CS 209:210 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 1 25 theme drug-loaded 187:197 arg1 chitosan 199:206 drug-loaded chitosan 187:206 drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 187:352 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 7 26 theme active 1369:1374 arg1 scaffolds 1359:1367 synthetic scaffolds 1349:1367 synthetic scaffolds active 1349:1374 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 27 theme promising 1404:1412 arg1 biomaterial 1431:1441 a promising high performance biomaterial 1402:1441 a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering 1402:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 27 theme promising 1404:1412 arg1 them 1391:1394 them 1391:1394 them 1391:1394 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 5 28 theme MG63 859:862 arg1 cells 864:868 MG63 cells 859:868 MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro 859:968 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 5 29 theme Cytocompatibility 739:755 arg1 performance 757:767 Cytocompatibility performance 739:767 Cytocompatibility performance 739:767 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 5 30 theme 11-day 947:952 arg1 period 954:959 the 11-day period 943:959 the 11-day period 943:959 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 2 31 theme vacuum 433:438 arg1 condition 440:448 a vacuum condition 431:448 a vacuum condition 431:448 The prefabricated scaffold was immersed into an aqueous drug/CS solution in a vacuum condition and then crosslinked by vanillin. 28402219 5 32 theme cell 822:825 arg1 attachment 827:836 cell attachment 822:836 cell attachment 822:836 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 5 33 theme increasing 913:922 arg1 proliferation 924:936 increasing proliferation 913:936 increasing proliferation 913:936 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 6 34 theme long 1096:1099 arg1 period 1101:1106 a long period 1094:1106 a long period 1094:1106 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 1 35 theme scaffold 307:314 arg1 functionality 340:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 3 36 theme coating 615:621 arg1 scaffolds 623:631 the pristine and coating scaffolds 598:631 scaffolds 623:631 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 5 37 theme in 793:794 arg1 experiment 802:811 an in vitro experiment 790:811 an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro 790:968 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 0 38 theme bone 55:58 arg1 engineering 67:77 bone tissue engineering 55:77 bone tissue engineering 55:77 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 1 39 theme controlled 316:325 arg1 functionality 340:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 7 40 theme crosslinked 1266:1276 arg1 coating 1281:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 0 41 with scaffolds 19:27 arg1 chitosan 34:41 chitosan 34:41 chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering 34:77 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 2 42 theme prefabricated 359:371 arg1 scaffold 373:380 The prefabricated scaffold 355:380 The prefabricated scaffold 355:380 The prefabricated scaffold was immersed into an aqueous drug/CS solution in a vacuum condition and then crosslinked by vanillin. 28402219 1 43 theme drug 327:330 arg1 functionality 340:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 5 44 dep in 793:794 arg1 vitro 796:800 vitro 796:800 vitro 796:800 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 3 45 theme pristine 602:609 arg1 scaffolds 623:631 the pristine and coating scaffolds 598:631 scaffolds 623:631 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 7 46 theme scaffolds 1359:1367 arg1 surfaces 1337:1344 the surfaces 1333:1344 the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active 1333:1374 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 47 theme simple 1306:1311 arg1 technique 1313:1321 a simple technique 1304:1321 a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering 1304:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 47 theme simple 1306:1311 arg1 scaffold 1240:1247 the scaffold 1236:1247 the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1236:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 1 48 theme release 332:338 arg1 functionality 340:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 the scaffold controlled drug release functionality 303:352 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 6 49 theme release 1198:1204 arg1 possibility 1165:1175 the possibility 1161:1175 the possibility of a controlled drug release 1161:1204 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 7 50 with scaffold 1240:1247 arg1 coating 1281:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 3 51 dep structure 488:496 arg1 The 484:486 The 484:486 The 484:486 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 1 52 theme dipping-drying 119:132 arg1 procedure 134:142 The dipping-drying procedure 115:142 The dipping-drying procedure 115:142 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 6 53 theme release 1063:1069 arg1 rate 1071:1074 the release rate 1059:1074 the release rate 1059:1074 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 7 54 theme bone 1446:1449 arg1 engineering 1458:1468 bone tissue engineering 1446:1468 bone tissue engineering 1446:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 0 55 dep scaffolds 19:27 arg1 scaffolds 19:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds 0:27 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 0:113 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 55 dep scaffolds 19:27 arg1 stimulation 85:95 cell stimulation 80:95 cell stimulation 80:95 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 0 55 dep scaffolds 19:27 arg1 release 106:112 drug release 101:112 drug release 101:112 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 1 56 theme procedure 134:142 arg1 method 162:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method 115:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method 115:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 7 57 theme drug-loaded 1254:1264 arg1 coating 1281:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating 1254:1287 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 5 58 theme positive 885:892 arg1 viability 899:907 positive cell viability 885:907 positive cell viability 885:907 Cytocompatibility performance was observed through an in vitro experiment based on cell attachment and the MTT assay by MG63 cells which revealed positive cell viability and increasing proliferation over the 11-day period in vitro. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 strength 534:541 compressive strength 522:541 compressive strength 522:541 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 release 565:571 drug release 560:571 drug release 560:571 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 cytocompatibility 577:593 cytocompatibility 577:593 cytocompatibility 577:593 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 porosity 499:506 porosity 499:506 porosity 499:506 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 composition 509:519 composition 509:519 composition 509:519 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 ratio 553:557 swelling ratio 544:557 swelling ratio 544:557 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 3 59 theme scaffolds 623:631 arg1 structure 488:496 structure 488:496 structure 488:496 The structure, porosity, composition, compressive strength, swelling ratio, drug release and cytocompatibility of the pristine and coating scaffolds were investigated. 28402219 6 60 theme coating 1132:1138 arg1 swelling 1140:1147 coating swelling 1132:1147 coating swelling 1132:1147 The drug could effectively release from the coated scaffold in a controlled fashion and the release rate was sustained for a long period and highly dependent on coating swelling, suggesting the possibility of a controlled drug release. 28402219 4 61 theme scaffold 671:678 arg1 porosity 680:687 the scaffold porosity 667:687 the scaffold porosity 667:687 After coating, the scaffold porosity and pore interconnection were slightly decreased. 28402219 0 62 theme tissue 60:65 arg1 engineering 67:77 bone tissue engineering 55:77 bone tissue engineering 55:77 Modified n-HA/PA66 scaffolds with chitosan coating for bone tissue engineering: cell stimulation and drug release. 28402219 1 63 used used 174:177 arg2 method 162:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method 115:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method 115:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 1 64 theme cross-linking 148:160 arg1 method 162:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method 115:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method 115:167 The dipping-drying procedure and cross-linking method were used to make drug-loaded chitosan (CS) coating on nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (nHA/PA66) composite porous scaffold, endowing the scaffold controlled drug release functionality. 28402219 7 65 theme high 1414:1417 arg1 biomaterial 1431:1441 a promising high performance biomaterial 1402:1441 a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering 1402:1468 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28402219 7 65 theme high 1414:1417 arg1 them 1391:1394 them 1391:1394 them 1391:1394 Our results demonstrate that the scaffold with drug-loaded crosslinked CS coating can be used as a simple technique to render the surfaces of synthetic scaffolds active, thus enabling them to be a promising high performance biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. 28036045 9 0 theme fasted 1324:1329 arg1 rats 1331:1334 diabetic fasted rats 1315:1334 diabetic fasted rats 1315:1334 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 3 1 theme solvent 515:521 arg1 method 533:538 emulsion solvent diffusion method 506:538 emulsion solvent diffusion method 506:538 Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by emulsion solvent diffusion method. 28036045 6 2 theme multifunctional 890:904 arg1 microcapsules 916:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 4 3 theme nm 588:589 arg1 potential 602:610 a zeta potential 595:610 a zeta potential of -29.2 mV 595:622 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 4 3 theme nm 588:589 arg1 size 576:579 a mean size 569:579 a mean size of 168 nm 569:589 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 6 4 theme PLGA 804:807 arg1 nanoparticles 809:821 PLGA nanoparticles 804:821 PLGA nanoparticles 804:821 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 2 5 theme deoxycholate 357:368 arg1 complex 370:376 insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex 342:376 insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method 342:413 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 6 6 theme composite 906:914 arg1 microcapsules 916:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 7 7 theme drug 1150:1153 arg1 system 1164:1169 this drug delivery system 1145:1169 this drug delivery system 1145:1169 A pH-dependent insulin release profile was observed for this drug delivery system in vitro. 28036045 6 8 theme cellulose 1027:1035 arg1 phthalate 1037:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate 993:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method 993:1086 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 8 theme cellulose 1027:1035 arg1 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 4 9 theme mV 621:622 arg1 potential 602:610 a zeta potential 595:610 a zeta potential of -29.2 mV 595:622 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 4 9 theme mV 621:622 arg1 size 576:579 a mean size 569:579 a mean size of 168 nm 569:589 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 7 10 theme delivery 1155:1162 arg1 system 1164:1169 this drug delivery system 1145:1169 this drug delivery system 1145:1169 A pH-dependent insulin release profile was observed for this drug delivery system in vitro. 28036045 6 11 theme insulin 791:797 arg1 release 780:786 the burst release 770:786 the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles 770:821 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 4 12 contain have 564:567 arg1 nanoparticles 550:562 The PLGA nanoparticles 541:562 The PLGA nanoparticles 541:562 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 4 12 contain have 564:567 arg2 potential 602:610 a zeta potential 595:610 a zeta potential of -29.2 mV 595:622 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 4 12 contain have 564:567 arg2 size 576:579 a mean size 569:579 a mean size of 168 nm 569:589 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 6 13 theme methyl 1020:1025 arg1 phthalate 1037:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate 993:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method 993:1086 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 13 theme methyl 1020:1025 arg1 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 14 theme targeting 880:888 arg1 microcapsules 916:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 15 from nanoparticles 809:821 arg1 release 780:786 the burst release 770:786 the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles 770:821 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 3 16 theme PLGA 483:486 arg1 nanoparticles 489:501 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 455:501 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 455:501 Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by emulsion solvent diffusion method. 28036045 9 17 theme microcapsules 1369:1381 arg1 administration 1337:1350 administration 1337:1350 administration of the composite microcapsules 1337:1381 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 1 18 theme composite 157:165 arg1 microcapsules 167:179 multifunctional composite microcapsules 141:179 multifunctional composite microcapsules 141:179 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 8 19 theme drug 1260:1263 arg1 release 1265:1271 the drug release 1256:1271 the drug release 1256:1271 All these strategies help to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, control the drug release, and protect insulin from degradation. 28036045 6 20 theme enteric 872:878 arg1 microcapsules 916:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules 872:928 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 21 theme burst 774:778 arg1 release 780:786 the burst release 770:786 the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles 770:821 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 1 22 theme microcapsules 167:179 arg1 system 131:136 a new drug delivery system 111:136 a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules 111:179 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 8 23 theme encapsulation 1222:1234 arg1 efficiency 1236:1245 the encapsulation efficiency 1218:1245 the encapsulation efficiency 1218:1245 All these strategies help to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, control the drug release, and protect insulin from degradation. 28036045 9 24 theme composite 1359:1367 arg1 microcapsules 1369:1381 the composite microcapsules 1355:1381 the composite microcapsules 1355:1381 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 6 25 theme hydroxypropyl 1006:1018 arg1 phthalate 1037:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate 993:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method 993:1086 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 25 theme hydroxypropyl 1006:1018 arg1 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 2 26 theme sodium 314:319 arg1 deoxycholate 321:332 functional sodium deoxycholate 303:332 functional sodium deoxycholate 303:332 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 2 27 theme pairing 400:406 arg1 method 408:413 hydrophobic ion pairing method 384:413 hydrophobic ion pairing method 384:413 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 0 28 theme Multifunctional 0:14 arg1 Composite 16:24 Multifunctional Composite 0:24 Multifunctional Composite 0:24 Multifunctional Composite Microcapsules for Oral Delivery of Insulin. 28036045 4 29 theme mean 571:574 arg1 size 576:579 a mean size 569:579 a mean size of 168 nm 569:589 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 5 30 theme encapsulation 629:641 arg1 efficiency 643:652 The encapsulation efficiency 625:652 The encapsulation efficiency 625:652 The encapsulation efficiency was increased to 94.2% for the complex. 28036045 2 31 theme functional 303:312 arg1 deoxycholate 321:332 functional sodium deoxycholate 303:332 functional sodium deoxycholate 303:332 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 2 32 theme ion 396:398 arg1 method 408:413 hydrophobic ion pairing method 384:413 hydrophobic ion pairing method 384:413 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 6 33 theme pH-sensitive 993:1004 arg1 phthalate 1037:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate 993:1045 pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method 993:1086 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 33 theme pH-sensitive 993:1004 arg1 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 HP55 1048:1051 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 7 34 theme release 1112:1118 arg1 profile 1120:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile 1089:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile 1089:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile was observed for this drug delivery system in vitro. 28036045 9 35 theme insulin 1521:1527 arg1 delivery 1529:1536 oral insulin delivery 1516:1536 oral insulin delivery 1516:1536 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 6 36 theme gastrointestinal 734:749 arg1 regions 751:757 specific gastrointestinal regions 725:757 specific gastrointestinal regions 725:757 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 6 37 theme insulin 863:869 arg1 bioavailability 844:858 the bioavailability 840:858 the bioavailability of insulin 840:869 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 1 38 theme multifunctional 141:155 arg1 microcapsules 167:179 multifunctional composite microcapsules 141:179 multifunctional composite microcapsules 141:179 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 1 39 theme delivery 122:129 arg1 system 131:136 a new drug delivery system 111:136 a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules 111:179 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 9 40 theme great 1394:1398 arg1 enhancement 1400:1410 a great enhancement 1392:1410 a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery 1392:1536 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 7 41 theme pH-dependent 1091:1102 arg1 profile 1120:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile 1089:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile 1089:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile was observed for this drug delivery system in vitro. 28036045 1 42 theme insulin 208:214 arg1 administration 190:203 oral administration 185:203 oral administration of insulin 185:214 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 1 43 theme oral 185:188 arg1 administration 190:203 oral administration 185:203 oral administration of insulin 185:214 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 3 44 theme lactide-co-glycolide 460:479 arg1 nanoparticles 489:501 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 455:501 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 455:501 Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by emulsion solvent diffusion method. 28036045 3 45 theme poly 455:458 arg1 nanoparticles 489:501 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 455:501 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 455:501 Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by emulsion solvent diffusion method. 28036045 4 46 theme PLGA 545:548 arg1 nanoparticles 550:562 The PLGA nanoparticles 541:562 The PLGA nanoparticles 541:562 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 0 47 theme Oral 44:47 arg1 Delivery 49:56 Oral Delivery 44:56 Oral Delivery of Insulin 44:67 Multifunctional Composite Microcapsules for Oral Delivery of Insulin. 28036045 6 48 theme spray-drying 1068:1079 arg1 method 1081:1086 organic spray-drying method 1060:1086 organic spray-drying method 1060:1086 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 0 49 theme Insulin 61:67 arg1 Delivery 49:56 Oral Delivery 44:56 Oral Delivery of Insulin 44:67 Multifunctional Composite Microcapsules for Oral Delivery of Insulin. 28036045 6 50 theme PLGA 969:972 arg1 nanoparticles 974:986 PLGA nanoparticles 969:986 PLGA nanoparticles 969:986 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 2 51 theme insulin-sodium 342:355 arg1 complex 370:376 insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex 342:376 insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method 342:413 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 7 52 theme insulin 1104:1110 arg1 profile 1120:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile 1089:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile 1089:1126 A pH-dependent insulin release profile was observed for this drug delivery system in vitro. 28036045 3 53 theme diffusion 523:531 arg1 method 533:538 emulsion solvent diffusion method 506:538 emulsion solvent diffusion method 506:538 Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by emulsion solvent diffusion method. 28036045 3 54 theme emulsion 506:513 arg1 method 533:538 emulsion solvent diffusion method 506:538 emulsion solvent diffusion method 506:538 Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by emulsion solvent diffusion method. 28036045 6 55 dep deliver 706:712 arg1 to 703:704 to 703:704 to 703:704 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 9 56 theme relative 1419:1426 arg1 bioavailability 1428:1442 the relative bioavailability 1415:1442 the relative bioavailability 1415:1442 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 2 57 theme encapsulation 250:262 arg1 efficiency 264:273 the encapsulation efficiency 246:273 the encapsulation efficiency 246:273 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 6 58 theme specific 725:732 arg1 regions 751:757 specific gastrointestinal regions 725:757 specific gastrointestinal regions 725:757 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 1 59 theme new 113:115 arg1 system 131:136 a new drug delivery system 111:136 a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules 111:179 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 6 60 theme organic 1060:1066 arg1 method 1081:1086 organic spray-drying method 1060:1086 organic spray-drying method 1060:1086 In order to deliver insulin to specific gastrointestinal regions and reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles, hence enhancing the bioavailability of insulin, enteric targeting multifunctional composite microcapsules were further prepared by encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles into pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HP55) using organic spray-drying method. 28036045 1 61 theme drug 117:120 arg1 system 131:136 a new drug delivery system 111:136 a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules 111:179 In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. 28036045 4 62 theme zeta 597:600 arg1 potential 602:610 a zeta potential 595:610 a zeta potential of -29.2 mV 595:622 The PLGA nanoparticles have a mean size of 168 nm and a zeta potential of -29.2 mV. 28036045 9 63 from enhancement 1400:1410 arg1 bioavailability 1428:1442 the relative bioavailability 1415:1442 the relative bioavailability 1415:1442 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 9 64 theme oral 1516:1519 arg1 delivery 1529:1536 oral insulin delivery 1516:1536 oral insulin delivery 1516:1536 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 2 65 theme hydrophobic 384:394 arg1 method 408:413 hydrophobic ion pairing method 384:413 hydrophobic ion pairing method 384:413 Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. 28036045 9 66 theme effective 1492:1500 arg1 candidate 1502:1510 an effective candidate 1489:1510 an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery 1489:1536 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 9 66 theme effective 1492:1500 arg1 formulation 1473:1483 this formulation 1468:1483 this formulation 1468:1483 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28036045 9 67 theme diabetic 1315:1322 arg1 rats 1331:1334 diabetic fasted rats 1315:1334 diabetic fasted rats 1315:1334 In diabetic fasted rats, administration of the composite microcapsules produced a great enhancement in the relative bioavailability, which illustrated that this formulation was an effective candidate for oral insulin delivery. 28267913 10 0 theme extracted 1661:1669 arg1 oils 1676:1679 the extracted chia oils 1657:1679 the extracted chia oils 1657:1679 Furthermore, tocopherols and tocotrienols were also analyzed by HPLC in the extracted chia oils. 28267913 11 1 theme tocopherol 1840:1849 arg1 composition 1851:1861 the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition 1816:1861 composition 1851:1861 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 7 2 theme time 1227:1230 arg1 min 1202:1204 only 10 min 1194:1204 only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%) 1194:1260 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 2 3 theme Fast 228:231 arg1 ethanol 304:310 ethanol 304:310 ethanol 304:310 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 2 3 theme Fast 228:231 arg1 water 315:319 water 315:319 water 315:319 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 2 3 theme Fast 228:231 arg1 techniques 260:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques 228:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques 228:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 1 4 theme fatty 215:219 arg1 acids 221:225 omega-3 fatty acids 207:225 omega-3 fatty acids 207:225 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 7 5 theme static 1209:1214 arg1 time 1227:1230 static extraction time 1209:1230 static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%) 1209:1260 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 3 6 theme mucilage 447:454 arg1 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 6 theme mucilage 447:454 arg1 amount 420:425 a large amount 412:425 a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage 412:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 6 theme mucilage 447:454 arg1 fiber 438:442 soluble fiber 430:442 soluble fiber 430:442 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 5 7 theme mucilage 753:760 arg1 method 773:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method 740:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method 740:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 7 8 theme oil 1238:1240 arg1 yield 1242:1246 chia oil yield 1233:1246 chia oil yield up to 30.93% 1233:1259 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 3 9 theme oil 482:484 arg1 process 497:503 an oil extraction process 479:503 an oil extraction process with polar solvents 479:523 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 4 10 with oil 645:647 arg1 solvents 660:667 polar solvents 654:667 polar solvents using pressurized liquids 654:693 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 0 11 theme Salvia 102:107 arg1 L 119:119 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 0 11 theme Salvia 102:107 arg1 Seeds 95:99 Chia Seeds 90:99 Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 90:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 2 12 theme alternative 237:247 arg1 ethanol 304:310 ethanol 304:310 ethanol 304:310 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 2 12 theme alternative 237:247 arg1 water 315:319 water 315:319 water 315:319 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 2 12 theme alternative 237:247 arg1 techniques 260:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques 228:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques 228:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 6 13 with mixtures 1033:1040 arg1 solvents 1014:1021 different solvents 1004:1021 different solvents 1004:1021 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 11 14 theme chia 1802:1805 arg1 oil 1807:1809 chia oil 1802:1809 chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition 1802:1861 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 3 15 theme polar 510:514 arg1 solvents 516:523 polar solvents 510:523 polar solvents 510:523 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 1 16 theme important 168:176 arg1 amount 178:183 an important amount 165:183 an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids 165:225 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 1 16 theme important 168:176 arg1 oil 195:197 edible oil 188:197 edible oil 188:197 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 8 17 theme nonpolar 1301:1308 arg1 solvents 1320:1327 nonpolar and polar solvents 1301:1327 nonpolar and polar solvents 1301:1327 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 11 18 theme same 1820:1823 arg1 acid 1831:1834 the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition 1816:1861 acid 1831:1834 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 0 19 from Seeds 95:99 arg1 Oil 81:83 Omega-3 Rich Oil 68:83 Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 68:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 0 19 from Seeds 95:99 arg1 Extraction 54:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction 35:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 35:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 5 20 theme oil 910:912 arg1 quality 914:920 the omega-3 oil quality 898:920 the omega-3 oil quality 898:920 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 11 21 theme oil 1749:1751 arg1 extraction 1726:1735 the subsequent extraction 1711:1735 the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents 1711:1783 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 9 22 theme acid 1508:1511 arg1 % 1491:1491 ∼65% 1488:1491 ∼65% of α-linolenic acid 1488:1511 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 9 22 theme acid 1508:1511 arg1 acid 1508:1511 α-linolenic acid 1496:1511 α-linolenic acid 1496:1511 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 6 23 theme different 1050:1058 arg1 temperatures 1071:1082 five different extraction temperatures 1045:1082 five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C) 1045:1113 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 6 23 theme different 1050:1058 arg1 °C 1111:1112 60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C 1085:1112 60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C 1085:1112 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 11 24 theme mucilage 1686:1693 arg1 removal 1695:1701 The mucilage removal 1682:1701 The mucilage removal 1682:1701 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 11 25 theme fatty 1825:1829 arg1 acid 1831:1834 the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition 1816:1861 acid 1831:1834 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 4 26 theme gentle 582:587 arg1 method 600:605 a gentle extraction method 580:605 a gentle extraction method for mucilage 580:618 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 0 27 theme Rich 76:79 arg1 Oil 81:83 Omega-3 Rich Oil 68:83 Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 68:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 5 28 theme ultrasonic 790:799 arg1 probe 801:805 an ultrasonic probe 787:805 an ultrasonic probe 787:805 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 9 29 theme extraction 1536:1545 arg1 method 1547:1552 mucilage extraction method 1527:1552 mucilage extraction method 1527:1552 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 3 30 with process 497:503 arg1 solvents 516:523 polar solvents 510:523 polar solvents 510:523 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 11 31 theme nonpolar 1767:1774 arg1 solvents 1776:1783 polar or nonpolar solvents 1758:1783 polar or nonpolar solvents 1758:1783 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 3 32 dep contain 404:410 arg1 makes 463:467 makes 463:467 makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents 463:523 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 8 33 theme chia 1276:1279 arg1 oils 1281:1284 chia oils 1276:1284 chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE 1276:1334 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 11 34 with oil 1807:1809 arg1 acid 1831:1834 the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition 1816:1861 acid 1831:1834 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 11 34 with oil 1807:1809 arg1 composition 1851:1861 the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition 1816:1861 composition 1851:1861 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 4 35 theme polar 654:658 arg1 solvents 660:667 polar solvents 654:667 polar solvents using pressurized liquids 654:693 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 11 36 with extraction 1726:1735 arg1 solvents 1776:1783 polar or nonpolar solvents 1758:1783 polar or nonpolar solvents 1758:1783 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 6 37 theme oil 928:930 arg1 extraction 932:941 Chia oil extraction 923:941 Chia oil extraction 923:941 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 0 38 theme Ultrasonic 0:9 arg1 Removal 11:17 Ultrasonic Removal 0:17 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 0:122 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 2 39 theme recent 365:370 arg1 years 372:376 recent years 365:376 recent years 365:376 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 7 40 theme ethyl 1158:1162 arg1 acetate 1164:1170 ethyl acetate 1158:1170 ethyl acetate 1158:1170 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 4 41 theme extract 632:638 arg1 oil 645:647 extract chia oil 632:647 extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids 632:693 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 3 42 theme chia 388:391 arg1 seeds 393:397 chia seeds 388:397 chia seeds 388:397 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 7 43 dep % 1259:1259 arg1 30.93 1254:1258 30.93 1254:1258 30.93 1254:1258 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 7 44 from °C 1188:1189 arg1 min 1202:1204 only 10 min 1194:1204 only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%) 1194:1260 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 7 45 theme PLE 1124:1126 arg1 conditions 1128:1137 Optimal PLE conditions 1116:1137 Optimal PLE conditions 1116:1137 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 8 46 theme polar 1314:1318 arg1 solvents 1320:1327 nonpolar and polar solvents 1301:1327 nonpolar and polar solvents 1301:1327 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 1 47 dep Salvia 130:135 arg1 L. 147:148 Salvia hispanica L. 130:148 Salvia hispanica L. 130:148 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 9 48 contain contained 1478:1486 arg1 oil 1474:1476 Chia oil 1469:1476 Chia oil 1469:1476 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 9 48 contain contained 1478:1486 arg2 acid 1508:1511 α-linolenic acid 1496:1511 α-linolenic acid 1496:1511 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 9 48 contain contained 1478:1486 arg2 % 1491:1491 ∼65% 1488:1491 ∼65% of α-linolenic acid 1488:1511 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 0 49 theme Liquid 47:52 arg1 Extraction 54:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction 35:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 35:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 7 50 dep yield 1242:1246 arg1 % 1259:1259 % 1259:1259 % 1259:1259 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 2 51 theme polar 280:284 arg1 solvents 286:293 polar solvents 280:293 polar solvents 280:293 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 11 52 theme polar 1758:1762 arg1 solvents 1776:1783 polar or nonpolar solvents 1758:1783 polar or nonpolar solvents 1758:1783 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 6 53 theme liquid 975:980 arg1 extraction 982:991 pressurized liquid extraction 963:991 pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents 963:1021 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 6 53 theme liquid 975:980 arg1 PLE 994:996 PLE 994:996 PLE 994:996 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 3 54 theme soluble 430:436 arg1 fiber 438:442 soluble fiber 430:442 soluble fiber 430:442 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 8 55 theme acid 1416:1419 arg1 composition 1421:1431 fatty acid composition 1410:1431 fatty acid composition 1410:1431 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 1 56 theme edible 188:193 arg1 oil 195:197 edible oil 188:197 edible oil 188:197 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 6 57 with extraction 982:991 arg1 solvents 1014:1021 different solvents 1004:1021 different solvents 1004:1021 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 5 58 theme 3 878:878 arg1 min 880:882 min 880:882 min 880:882 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 2 59 from extraction 351:360 arg1 years 372:376 recent years 365:376 recent years 365:376 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 8 60 theme chromatography-mass 1357:1375 arg1 GC-MS 1391:1395 GC-MS 1391:1395 GC-MS 1391:1395 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 8 60 theme chromatography-mass 1357:1375 arg1 spectrometry 1377:1388 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1353:1388 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1353:1396 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 10 61 theme chia 1671:1674 arg1 oils 1676:1679 the extracted chia oils 1657:1679 the extracted chia oils 1657:1679 Furthermore, tocopherols and tocotrienols were also analyzed by HPLC in the extracted chia oils. 28267913 1 62 theme rich 199:202 arg1 amount 178:183 an important amount 165:183 an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids 165:225 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 1 62 theme rich 199:202 arg1 oil 195:197 edible oil 188:197 edible oil 188:197 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 11 63 theme traditional 1866:1876 arg1 extraction 1878:1887 traditional extraction 1866:1887 traditional extraction 1866:1887 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 4 64 theme organic 712:718 arg1 extraction 728:737 organic solvent extraction 712:737 organic solvent extraction 712:737 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 8 65 theme extraction 1446:1455 arg1 conditions 1457:1466 different extraction conditions 1436:1466 different extraction conditions 1436:1466 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 5 66 theme proposed 744:751 arg1 method 773:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method 740:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method 740:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 7 67 theme chia 1233:1236 arg1 yield 1242:1246 chia oil yield 1233:1246 chia oil yield up to 30.93% 1233:1259 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 4 68 theme solvent 720:726 arg1 extraction 728:737 organic solvent extraction 712:737 organic solvent extraction 712:737 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 7 69 theme extraction 1216:1225 arg1 time 1227:1230 static extraction time 1209:1230 static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%) 1209:1260 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 1 70 from acids 221:225 arg1 rich 199:202 rich 199:202 rich 199:202 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 5 71 theme extraction 762:771 arg1 method 773:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method 740:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method 740:778 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 6 72 theme different 1004:1012 arg1 solvents 1014:1021 different solvents 1004:1021 different solvents 1004:1021 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 4 73 theme study 559:563 arg1 aim 547:549 the aim 543:549 the aim of this study 543:563 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 0 74 theme hispanica 109:117 arg1 L 119:119 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 0 74 theme hispanica 109:117 arg1 Seeds 95:99 Chia Seeds 90:99 Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 90:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 2 75 theme extraction 249:258 arg1 ethanol 304:310 ethanol 304:310 ethanol 304:310 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 2 75 theme extraction 249:258 arg1 water 315:319 water 315:319 water 315:319 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 2 75 theme extraction 249:258 arg1 techniques 260:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques 228:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques 228:269 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 9 76 theme Chia 1469:1472 arg1 oil 1474:1476 Chia oil 1469:1476 Chia oil 1469:1476 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 1 77 from rich 199:202 arg1 acids 221:225 omega-3 fatty acids 207:225 omega-3 fatty acids 207:225 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 11 78 theme subsequent 1715:1724 arg1 extraction 1726:1735 the subsequent extraction 1711:1735 the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents 1711:1783 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 3 79 theme extraction 486:495 arg1 process 497:503 an oil extraction process 479:503 an oil extraction process with polar solvents 479:523 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 4 80 theme extraction 589:598 arg1 method 600:605 a gentle extraction method 580:605 a gentle extraction method for mucilage 580:618 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 5 81 theme omega-3 902:908 arg1 quality 914:920 the omega-3 oil quality 898:920 the omega-3 oil quality 898:920 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 11 82 theme chia 1744:1747 arg1 oil 1749:1751 the chia oil 1740:1751 the chia oil 1740:1751 The mucilage removal allowed the subsequent extraction of the chia oil with polar or nonpolar solvents by PLE producing chia oil with the same fatty acid and tocopherol composition as traditional extraction. 28267913 7 83 dep time 1227:1230 arg1 yield 1242:1246 chia oil yield 1233:1246 chia oil yield up to 30.93% 1233:1259 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 9 84 theme α-linolenic 1496:1506 arg1 acid 1508:1511 α-linolenic acid 1496:1511 α-linolenic acid 1496:1511 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 6 85 theme extraction 1060:1069 arg1 temperatures 1071:1082 five different extraction temperatures 1045:1082 five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C) 1045:1113 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 6 85 theme extraction 1060:1069 arg1 °C 1111:1112 60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C 1085:1112 60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C 1085:1112 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 5 86 dep conditions 845:854 arg1 sonication 867:876 sonication 867:876 sonication 867:876 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 5 86 dep conditions 845:854 arg1 conditions 845:854 mild conditions 840:854 mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) 840:883 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 5 86 dep conditions 845:854 arg1 °C 860:861 50 °C 857:861 50 °C 857:861 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 0 87 theme Omega-3 68:74 arg1 Oil 81:83 Omega-3 Rich Oil 68:83 Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 68:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 0 88 theme Oil 81:83 arg1 Extraction 54:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction 35:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 35:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 1 89 theme Chia 124:127 arg1 seeds 151:155 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds 124:155 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds 124:155 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 0 90 from Extraction 54:63 arg1 L 119:119 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 0 90 from Extraction 54:63 arg1 Seeds 95:99 Chia Seeds 90:99 Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 90:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 9 91 theme mucilage 1527:1534 arg1 method 1547:1552 mucilage extraction method 1527:1552 mucilage extraction method 1527:1552 Chia oil contained ∼65% of α-linolenic acid regardless of mucilage extraction method, solvent, or temperature used. 28267913 6 92 from temperatures 1071:1082 arg1 extraction 982:991 pressurized liquid extraction 963:991 pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents 963:1021 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 6 92 from temperatures 1071:1082 arg1 mixtures 1033:1040 their mixtures 1027:1040 their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C) 1027:1113 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 6 92 from temperatures 1071:1082 arg1 PLE 994:996 PLE 994:996 PLE 994:996 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 0 93 theme Chia 90:93 arg1 L 119:119 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Salvia hispanica L. 102:120 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 0 93 theme Chia 90:93 arg1 Seeds 95:99 Chia Seeds 90:99 Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 90:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 5 94 theme mild 840:843 arg1 sonication 867:876 sonication 867:876 sonication 867:876 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 5 94 theme mild 840:843 arg1 conditions 845:854 mild conditions 840:854 mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) 840:883 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 5 94 theme mild 840:843 arg1 °C 860:861 50 °C 857:861 50 °C 857:861 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 3 95 contain contain 404:410 arg2 fiber 438:442 soluble fiber 430:442 soluble fiber 430:442 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 95 contain contain 404:410 arg2 amount 420:425 a large amount 412:425 a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage 412:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 95 contain contain 404:410 arg2 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 95 contain contain 404:410 arg1 seeds 393:397 chia seeds 388:397 chia seeds 388:397 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 4 96 theme chia 640:643 arg1 oil 645:647 extract chia oil 632:647 extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids 632:693 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 6 97 theme Chia 923:926 arg1 extraction 932:941 Chia oil extraction 923:941 Chia oil extraction 923:941 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 0 98 theme Mucilage 22:29 arg1 Removal 11:17 Ultrasonic Removal 0:17 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 0:122 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 7 99 dep 30.93 1254:1258 arg1 to 1251:1252 to 1251:1252 to 1251:1252 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 7 100 theme Optimal 1116:1122 arg1 conditions 1128:1137 Optimal PLE conditions 1116:1137 Optimal PLE conditions 1116:1137 Optimal PLE conditions were achieved with ethyl acetate or hexane at 90 °C in only 10 min of static extraction time (chia oil yield up to 30.93%). 28267913 5 101 dep probe 801:805 arg1 water 816:820 water 816:820 water 816:820 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 2 102 theme oil 347:349 arg1 extraction 351:360 oil extraction 347:360 oil extraction in recent years 347:376 Fast and alternative extraction techniques based on polar solvents, such as ethanol or water, have become relevant for oil extraction in recent years. 28267913 0 103 theme Pressurized 35:45 arg1 Extraction 54:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction 35:63 Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) 35:121 Ultrasonic Removal of Mucilage for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Omega-3 Rich Oil from Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). 28267913 5 104 theme min 880:882 arg1 conditions 845:854 mild conditions 840:854 mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) 840:883 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 5 104 theme min 880:882 arg1 °C 860:861 50 °C 857:861 50 °C 857:861 The proposed mucilage extraction method, using an ultrasonic probe and only water, was optimized at mild conditions (50 °C and sonication 3 min) to guarantee the omega-3 oil quality. 28267913 3 105 theme large 414:418 arg1 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 105 theme large 414:418 arg1 amount 420:425 a large amount 412:425 a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage 412:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 105 theme large 414:418 arg1 fiber 438:442 soluble fiber 430:442 soluble fiber 430:442 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 8 106 theme fatty 1410:1414 arg1 composition 1421:1431 fatty acid composition 1410:1431 fatty acid composition 1410:1431 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 8 107 theme gas 1353:1355 arg1 GC-MS 1391:1395 GC-MS 1391:1395 GC-MS 1391:1395 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 8 107 theme gas 1353:1355 arg1 spectrometry 1377:1388 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1353:1388 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1353:1396 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 1 108 contain contain 157:163 arg2 amount 178:183 an important amount 165:183 an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids 165:225 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 1 108 contain contain 157:163 arg2 oil 195:197 edible oil 188:197 edible oil 188:197 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 1 108 contain contain 157:163 arg1 seeds 151:155 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds 124:155 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds 124:155 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 6 109 theme pressurized 963:973 arg1 extraction 982:991 pressurized liquid extraction 963:991 pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents 963:1021 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 6 109 theme pressurized 963:973 arg1 PLE 994:996 PLE 994:996 PLE 994:996 Chia oil extraction was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different solvents and their mixtures at five different extraction temperatures (60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 °C). 28267913 4 110 theme pressurized 675:685 arg1 liquids 687:693 pressurized liquids 675:693 pressurized liquids 675:693 For that reason, the aim of this study was to develop a gentle extraction method for mucilage in order to extract chia oil with polar solvents using pressurized liquids and compare with organic solvent extraction. 28267913 3 111 theme fiber 438:442 arg1 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 mucilage 447:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 111 theme fiber 438:442 arg1 amount 420:425 a large amount 412:425 a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage 412:454 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 3 111 theme fiber 438:442 arg1 fiber 438:442 soluble fiber 430:442 soluble fiber 430:442 However, chia seeds also contain a large amount of soluble fiber or mucilage, which makes difficult an oil extraction process with polar solvents. 28267913 8 112 theme different 1436:1444 arg1 conditions 1457:1466 different extraction conditions 1436:1466 different extraction conditions 1436:1466 In addition, chia oils extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents by PLE were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate fatty acid composition at different extraction conditions. 28267913 1 113 theme oil 195:197 arg1 amount 178:183 an important amount 165:183 an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids 165:225 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 28267913 1 113 theme oil 195:197 arg1 oil 195:197 edible oil 188:197 edible oil 188:197 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain an important amount of edible oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 27693833 3 0 theme increased 289:297 arg1 productivity 310:321 increased biological productivity 289:321 increased biological productivity 289:321 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 2 1 theme Acacia 107:112 arg1 tortilis 114:121 Acacia tortilis 107:121 Acacia tortilis 107:121 Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 4 2 used used 351:354 arg2 species 328:334 The species 324:334 The species 324:334 The species is extensively used in traditional medicine system for a number of therapeutic applications and as nutraceutical. 27693833 4 2 used used 351:354 arg2 nutraceutical 435:447 nutraceutical 435:447 nutraceutical 435:447 The species is extensively used in traditional medicine system for a number of therapeutic applications and as nutraceutical. 27693833 3 3 theme biological 299:308 arg1 productivity 310:321 increased biological productivity 289:321 increased biological productivity 289:321 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 6 4 theme molar 617:621 arg1 ratio 623:627 molar ratio 617:627 molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively 617:681 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 8 5 theme D-galacturonic 807:820 arg1 acid 822:825 D-galacturonic acid 807:825 D-galacturonic acid 807:825 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 11 6 theme nutraceutical 1118:1130 arg1 applications 1163:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 5 7 theme gum 502:504 arg1 exudates 506:513 gum exudates 502:513 gum exudates 502:513 The polysaccharide was isolated in 43.6% yield from gum exudates. 27693833 3 8 theme Savi 138:141 arg1 Brenan 144:149 raddiana (Savi) Brenan 128:149 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool 128:182 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 5 9 theme 43.6 485:488 arg1 % 489:489 % 489:489 % 489:489 The polysaccharide was isolated in 43.6% yield from gum exudates. 27693833 8 10 theme acid 822:825 arg1 % 866:866 3.88% 862:866 3.88% 862:866 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 8 10 theme acid 822:825 arg1 % 876:876 4.35% 872:876 4.35% 872:876 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 8 10 theme acid 822:825 arg1 content 796:802 The content 792:802 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic 792:842 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 5 11 theme % 489:489 arg1 yield 491:495 43.6% yield 485:495 43.6% yield from gum exudates 485:513 The polysaccharide was isolated in 43.6% yield from gum exudates. 27693833 8 12 theme D-glucuronic 831:842 arg1 % 866:866 3.88% 862:866 3.88% 862:866 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 8 12 theme D-glucuronic 831:842 arg1 % 876:876 4.35% 872:876 4.35% 872:876 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 8 12 theme D-glucuronic 831:842 arg1 content 796:802 The content 792:802 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic 792:842 The content of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic was determined as 3.88% and 4.35% respectively by GLC. 27693833 7 13 theme diverse 734:740 arg1 methods 761:767 diverse spectrophotometric methods 734:767 diverse spectrophotometric methods 734:767 The molar ratio of uronic acids was studied using diverse spectrophotometric methods and compared with GLC. 27693833 3 14 theme sand 214:217 arg1 management 225:234 sand dunes management 214:234 sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity 214:321 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 11 15 theme biological 1152:1161 arg1 applications 1163:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 0 16 theme Monosaccharide 0:13 arg1 composition 15:25 Monosaccharide composition 0:25 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum 0:39 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 7 17 theme spectrophotometric 742:759 arg1 methods 761:767 diverse spectrophotometric methods 734:767 diverse spectrophotometric methods 734:767 The molar ratio of uronic acids was studied using diverse spectrophotometric methods and compared with GLC. 27693833 3 18 theme dunes 219:223 arg1 management 225:234 sand dunes management 214:234 sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity 214:321 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 4 19 theme medicine 371:378 arg1 system 380:385 traditional medicine system 359:385 traditional medicine system 359:385 The species is extensively used in traditional medicine system for a number of therapeutic applications and as nutraceutical. 27693833 6 20 theme % 651:651 arg1 ratio 623:627 molar ratio 617:627 molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively 617:681 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 5 21 from exudates 506:513 arg1 yield 491:495 43.6% yield 485:495 43.6% yield from gum exudates 485:513 The polysaccharide was isolated in 43.6% yield from gum exudates. 27693833 0 22 theme acidic 30:35 arg1 gum 37:39 acidic gum 30:39 acidic gum 30:39 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 2 23 dep ssp 123:125 arg1 tortilis 114:121 Acacia tortilis 107:121 Acacia tortilis 107:121 Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 11 24 theme exudates 1183:1190 arg1 applications 1163:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 4 25 theme traditional 359:369 arg1 system 380:385 traditional medicine system 359:385 traditional medicine system 359:385 The species is extensively used in traditional medicine system for a number of therapeutic applications and as nutraceutical. 27693833 11 26 theme pharmaceutical 1133:1146 arg1 applications 1163:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 3 27 from management 225:234 arg1 desert 246:251 Indian desert 239:251 Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity 239:321 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 6 28 theme % 658:658 arg1 ratio 623:627 molar ratio 617:627 molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively 617:681 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 3 29 theme Indian 239:244 arg1 desert 246:251 Indian desert 239:251 Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity 239:321 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 0 30 from ssp 78:80 arg1 exudates 41:48 exudates 41:48 exudates 41:48 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 6 31 theme % 644:644 arg1 ratio 623:627 molar ratio 617:627 molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively 617:681 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 0 32 theme gum 37:39 arg1 composition 15:25 Monosaccharide composition 0:25 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum 0:39 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 11 33 theme gum 1179:1181 arg1 exudates 1183:1190 gum exudates 1179:1190 gum exudates from A. tortilis 1179:1207 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 0 34 theme Indian 55:60 arg1 ssp 78:80 Indian Acacia tortilis ssp 55:80 Indian Acacia tortilis ssp 55:80 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 11 35 theme Structural 1043:1052 arg1 analysis 1054:1061 Structural analysis 1043:1061 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide 1043:1083 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 6 36 theme D-galactose 550:560 arg1 D-glucose 562:570 D-galactose D-glucose 550:570 D-galactose D-glucose 550:570 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 6 36 theme D-galactose 550:560 arg1 monosaccharides 520:534 The monosaccharides 516:534 The monosaccharides 516:534 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 7 37 theme uronic 703:708 arg1 acids 710:714 uronic acids 703:714 uronic acids 703:714 The molar ratio of uronic acids was studied using diverse spectrophotometric methods and compared with GLC. 27693833 4 38 theme therapeutic 403:413 arg1 applications 415:426 therapeutic applications 403:426 therapeutic applications 403:426 The species is extensively used in traditional medicine system for a number of therapeutic applications and as nutraceutical. 27693833 7 39 theme acids 710:714 arg1 ratio 694:698 The molar ratio 684:698 The molar ratio of uronic acids 684:714 The molar ratio of uronic acids was studied using diverse spectrophotometric methods and compared with GLC. 27693833 3 40 theme wind 264:267 arg1 control 277:283 wind erosion control 264:283 wind erosion control 264:283 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 10 41 theme chromogenic 987:997 arg1 reagent 999:1005 chromogenic reagent 987:1005 chromogenic reagent 987:1005 The results using DMP as chromogenic reagent are closer to that obtained by GLC. 27693833 3 42 theme erosion 269:275 arg1 control 277:283 wind erosion control 264:283 wind erosion control 264:283 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 11 43 theme scientific 1097:1106 arg1 basis 1108:1112 scientific basis 1097:1112 scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India 1097:1246 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 3 44 theme raddiana 128:135 arg1 Brenan 144:149 raddiana (Savi) Brenan 128:149 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool 128:182 raddiana (Savi) Brenan commonly known as Israeli Babool has contributed immensely for sand dunes management in Indian desert leading to wind erosion control and increased biological productivity. 27693833 6 45 theme % 636:636 arg1 ratio 623:627 molar ratio 617:627 molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively 617:681 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 11 46 from tortilis 1200:1207 arg1 exudates 1183:1190 gum exudates 1179:1190 gum exudates from A. tortilis 1179:1207 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 11 46 from tortilis 1200:1207 arg1 applications 1163:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications 1118:1174 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 0 47 theme tortilis 69:76 arg1 ssp 78:80 Indian Acacia tortilis ssp 55:80 Indian Acacia tortilis ssp 55:80 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 4 48 theme applications 415:426 arg1 number 393:398 a number 391:398 a number of therapeutic applications 391:426 The species is extensively used in traditional medicine system for a number of therapeutic applications and as nutraceutical. 27693833 11 49 theme polysaccharide 1070:1083 arg1 analysis 1054:1061 Structural analysis 1043:1061 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide 1043:1083 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 11 50 from applications 1163:1174 arg1 tortilis 1200:1207 A. tortilis 1197:1207 A. tortilis 1197:1207 Structural analysis of the polysaccharide may provide scientific basis for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biological applications of gum exudates from A. tortilis, which is extensively planted in India. 27693833 9 51 theme spectrophotometric 934:951 arg1 methods 953:959 the spectrophotometric methods 930:959 the spectrophotometric methods 930:959 The results were compared with the spectrophotometric methods. 27693833 0 52 theme Acacia 62:67 arg1 ssp 78:80 Indian Acacia tortilis ssp 55:80 Indian Acacia tortilis ssp 55:80 Monosaccharide composition of acidic gum exudates from Indian Acacia tortilis ssp. 27693833 6 53 theme % 668:668 arg1 ratio 623:627 molar ratio 617:627 molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively 617:681 The monosaccharides, L-arabinose, D-galactose D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-mannose were determined in molar ratio of 78.1%, 18.64%, 0.60%, 1.71% and 0.74% respectively. 27693833 7 54 theme molar 688:692 arg1 ratio 694:698 The molar ratio 684:698 The molar ratio of uronic acids 684:714 The molar ratio of uronic acids was studied using diverse spectrophotometric methods and compared with GLC. 25184545 3 0 from modular 371:377 arg1 nature 382:387 nature 382:387 nature 382:387 These findings suggested that BLM might be modular in nature, composed of tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains. 25184545 11 1 theme responsible 1604:1614 arg1 mechanism 1594:1602 the mechanism 1590:1602 the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells 1590:1676 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 11 2 theme tumor 1666:1670 arg1 cells 1672:1676 tumor cells 1666:1676 tumor cells 1666:1676 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 11 3 theme disaccharide 1638:1649 arg1 uptake 1620:1625 uptake 1620:1625 uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells 1620:1676 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 7 4 theme cultured 1104:1111 arg1 cells 1135:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 1 5 theme bleomycin 155:163 arg1 properties 141:150 the tumor cell targeting properties 116:150 the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM) 116:169 The disaccharide moiety is responsible for the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM). 25184545 6 6 theme C-terminal 952:961 arg1 disaccharide 963:974 the C-terminal disaccharide 948:974 the C-terminal disaccharide 948:974 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 10 7 theme cancer 1570:1575 arg1 cells 1577:1581 cancer cells 1570:1581 cancer cells 1570:1581 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 3 8 from nature 382:387 arg1 modular 371:377 modular 371:377 modular 371:377 These findings suggested that BLM might be modular in nature, composed of tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains. 25184545 2 9 from cytotoxicity 293:304 arg1 comparison 309:318 comparison 309:318 comparison to BLM 309:325 While the aglycon (deglycobleomycin) mediates DNA cleavage in much the same fashion as bleomycin, it exhibits diminished cytotoxicity in comparison to BLM. 25184545 4 10 theme novel 567:571 arg1 positions 573:581 novel positions 567:581 novel positions 567:581 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 2 11 theme diminished 282:291 arg1 cytotoxicity 293:304 diminished cytotoxicity 282:304 diminished cytotoxicity in comparison to BLM 282:325 While the aglycon (deglycobleomycin) mediates DNA cleavage in much the same fashion as bleomycin, it exhibits diminished cytotoxicity in comparison to BLM. 25184545 9 12 theme rank 1288:1291 arg1 order 1293:1297 The rank order 1284:1297 The rank order of internalization efficiencies 1284:1329 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 9 12 theme rank 1288:1291 arg1 same 1339:1342 same 1339:1342 same 1339:1342 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 11 13 theme selective 1824:1832 arg1 internalization 1834:1848 selective internalization 1824:1848 selective internalization 1824:1848 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 11 14 theme metabolic 1750:1758 arg1 shift 1760:1764 the metabolic shift 1746:1764 the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells 1746:1794 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 8 15 theme Dye-labeled 1158:1168 arg1 conjugates 1170:1179 Dye-labeled conjugates 1158:1179 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1158:1209 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 8 16 theme uptake 1276:1281 arg1 extent 1261:1266 the extent 1257:1266 the extent of cell uptake 1257:1281 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 10 17 theme tumor 1457:1461 arg1 targeting/uptake 1463:1478 tumor targeting/uptake 1457:1478 tumor targeting/uptake 1457:1478 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 4 18 theme C-terminal 620:629 arg1 substituent 631:641 C-terminal substituent 620:641 C-terminal substituent 620:641 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 10 19 theme other 1550:1554 arg1 cytotoxins 1556:1565 other cytotoxins 1550:1565 other cytotoxins 1550:1565 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 7 20 theme cancer 1128:1133 arg1 cells 1135:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 6 21 theme plasmid 808:814 arg1 DNA 816:818 supercoiled plasmid DNA 796:818 supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation 796:829 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 2 22 theme same 243:246 arg1 fashion 248:254 much the same fashion 234:254 much the same fashion 234:254 While the aglycon (deglycobleomycin) mediates DNA cleavage in much the same fashion as bleomycin, it exhibits diminished cytotoxicity in comparison to BLM. 25184545 3 23 theme tumor-seeking 402:414 arg1 domains 432:438 tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains 402:438 tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains 402:438 These findings suggested that BLM might be modular in nature, composed of tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains. 25184545 0 24 theme disaccharide 4:15 arg1 moiety 17:22 The disaccharide moiety 0:22 The disaccharide moiety of bleomycin 0:35 The disaccharide moiety of bleomycin facilitates uptake by cancer cells. 25184545 9 25 theme internalization 1302:1316 arg1 efficiencies 1318:1329 internalization efficiencies 1302:1329 internalization efficiencies 1302:1329 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 6 26 from disaccharide 862:873 arg1 threonine 878:886 threonine 878:886 threonine 878:886 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 1 27 theme disaccharide 77:88 arg1 moiety 90:95 The disaccharide moiety 73:95 The disaccharide moiety 73:95 The disaccharide moiety is responsible for the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM). 25184545 1 27 theme disaccharide 77:88 arg1 responsible 100:110 responsible 100:110 responsible 100:110 The disaccharide moiety is responsible for the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM). 25184545 8 28 used used 1216:1219 arg2 conjugates 1170:1179 Dye-labeled conjugates 1158:1179 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1158:1209 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 7 29 gly glycosylated 1058:1069 arg1 analogues 1071:1079 both glycosylated analogues 1053:1079 both glycosylated analogues 1053:1079 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 11 30 from shift 1760:1764 arg1 cells 1790:1794 cancer cells 1783:1794 cancer cells 1783:1794 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 9 31 theme efficiencies 1318:1329 arg1 order 1293:1297 The rank order 1284:1297 The rank order of internalization efficiencies 1284:1329 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 9 31 theme efficiencies 1318:1329 arg1 same 1339:1342 same 1339:1342 same 1339:1342 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 7 32 theme glycosylated 1058:1069 arg1 analogues 1071:1079 both glycosylated analogues 1053:1079 both glycosylated analogues 1053:1079 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 8 33 theme cytotoxic 1188:1196 arg1 aglycons 1202:1209 the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1184:1209 the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1184:1209 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 4 34 theme disaccharide 511:522 arg1 moiety 524:529 the disaccharide moiety 507:529 the disaccharide moiety 507:529 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 8 35 theme aglycons 1202:1209 arg1 conjugates 1170:1179 Dye-labeled conjugates 1158:1179 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1158:1209 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 10 36 theme BLM 1437:1439 arg1 disaccharide 1441:1452 the BLM disaccharide 1433:1452 the BLM disaccharide 1433:1452 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 6 37 contain containing 937:946 arg1 potent 994:999 potent 994:999 potent 994:999 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 6 37 contain containing 937:946 arg2 disaccharide 963:974 the C-terminal disaccharide 948:974 the C-terminal disaccharide 948:974 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 6 37 contain containing 937:946 arg1 analogue 928:935 the analogue 924:935 the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide 924:974 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 6 38 from deglycoBLM 782:791 arg1 relaxation 820:829 supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation 796:829 supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation 796:829 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 11 39 theme BLM 1634:1636 arg1 disaccharide 1638:1649 the BLM disaccharide 1630:1649 the BLM disaccharide selectively 1630:1661 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 7 40 theme DNA 1029:1031 arg1 potencies 1042:1050 unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies 1015:1050 unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies 1015:1050 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 2 41 theme DNA 218:220 arg1 cleavage 222:229 DNA cleavage 218:229 DNA cleavage 218:229 While the aglycon (deglycobleomycin) mediates DNA cleavage in much the same fashion as bleomycin, it exhibits diminished cytotoxicity in comparison to BLM. 25184545 0 42 theme bleomycin 27:35 arg1 moiety 17:22 The disaccharide moiety 0:22 The disaccharide moiety of bleomycin 0:35 The disaccharide moiety of bleomycin facilitates uptake by cancer cells. 25184545 5 43 theme cytotoxic 738:746 arg1 activity 748:755 cytotoxic activity 738:755 cytotoxic activity 738:755 The analogues were compared with BLM and deglycoBLM for DNA cleavage, cancer cell uptake, and cytotoxic activity. 25184545 6 44 theme DNA 816:818 arg1 relaxation 820:829 supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation 796:829 supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation 796:829 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 3 45 theme tumoricidal 420:430 arg1 domains 432:438 tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains 402:438 tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains 402:438 These findings suggested that BLM might be modular in nature, composed of tumor-seeking and tumoricidal domains. 25184545 7 46 theme DU145 1113:1117 arg1 cells 1135:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 8 47 theme BLM 1198:1200 arg1 aglycons 1202:1209 the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1184:1209 the cytotoxic BLM aglycons 1184:1209 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 5 48 theme cell 721:724 arg1 uptake 726:731 cancer cell uptake 714:731 cancer cell uptake 714:731 The analogues were compared with BLM and deglycoBLM for DNA cleavage, cancer cell uptake, and cytotoxic activity. 25184545 10 49 from role 1424:1427 arg1 targeting/uptake 1463:1478 tumor targeting/uptake 1457:1478 tumor targeting/uptake 1457:1478 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 7 50 theme cleavage 1033:1040 arg1 potencies 1042:1050 unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies 1015:1050 unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies 1015:1050 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 7 51 theme prostate 1119:1126 arg1 cells 1135:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells 1104:1139 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 7 52 theme unexceptional 1015:1027 arg1 potencies 1042:1050 unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies 1015:1050 unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies 1015:1050 While having unexceptional DNA cleavage potencies, both glycosylated analogues were more cytotoxic to cultured DU145 prostate cancer cells than deglycoBLM. 25184545 6 53 theme supercoiled 796:806 arg1 DNA 816:818 supercoiled plasmid DNA 796:818 supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation 796:829 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 8 54 theme cell 1271:1274 arg1 uptake 1276:1281 cell uptake 1271:1281 cell uptake 1271:1281 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 10 55 theme disaccharide 1501:1512 arg1 moiety 1514:1519 the disaccharide moiety 1497:1519 the disaccharide moiety 1497:1519 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 10 55 theme disaccharide 1501:1512 arg1 capable 1528:1534 capable 1528:1534 capable 1528:1534 These findings establish a role for the BLM disaccharide in tumor targeting/uptake and suggest that the disaccharide moiety may be capable of delivering other cytotoxins to cancer cells. 25184545 11 56 theme cancer 1783:1788 arg1 cells 1790:1794 cancer cells 1783:1794 cancer cells 1783:1794 While the mechanism responsible for uptake of the BLM disaccharide selectively by tumor cells has not yet been established, data are presented which suggest that the metabolic shift to glycolysis in cancer cells may provide the vehicle for selective internalization. 25184545 1 57 theme tumor 120:124 arg1 properties 141:150 the tumor cell targeting properties 116:150 the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM) 116:169 The disaccharide moiety is responsible for the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM). 25184545 9 58 theme cytotoxicities 1362:1375 arg1 order 1353:1357 their order 1347:1357 their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells 1347:1394 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 6 59 contain having 851:856 arg1 analogue 842:849 the analogue 838:849 the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine 838:886 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 6 59 contain having 851:856 arg1 active 897:902 active 897:902 active 897:902 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 6 59 contain having 851:856 arg2 disaccharide 862:873 the disaccharide 858:873 the disaccharide on threonine 858:886 BLM is more potent than deglycoBLM in supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation, while the analogue having the disaccharide on threonine was less active than deglycoBLM and the analogue containing the C-terminal disaccharide was slightly more potent. 25184545 4 60 attach attached 535:542 arg3 which 501:505 which 501:505 which 501:505 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 4 60 attach attached 535:542 arg2 moiety 524:529 the disaccharide moiety 507:529 the disaccharide moiety 507:529 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 4 60 attach attached 535:542 arg3 positions 573:581 novel positions 567:581 novel positions 567:581 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 4 60 attach attached 535:542 arg1 deglycobleomycin 547:562 deglycobleomycin 547:562 deglycobleomycin 547:562 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 1 61 theme cell 126:129 arg1 properties 141:150 the tumor cell targeting properties 116:150 the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM) 116:169 The disaccharide moiety is responsible for the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM). 25184545 5 62 theme cancer 714:719 arg1 uptake 726:731 cancer cell uptake 714:731 cancer cell uptake 714:731 The analogues were compared with BLM and deglycoBLM for DNA cleavage, cancer cell uptake, and cytotoxic activity. 25184545 4 63 theme threonine 600:608 arg1 moiety 610:615 the threonine moiety 596:615 the threonine moiety 596:615 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 1 64 theme targeting 131:139 arg1 properties 141:150 the tumor cell targeting properties 116:150 the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM) 116:169 The disaccharide moiety is responsible for the tumor cell targeting properties of bleomycin (BLM). 25184545 9 65 theme DU145 1384:1388 arg1 cells 1390:1394 DU145 cells 1384:1394 DU145 cells 1384:1394 The rank order of internalization efficiencies was the same as their order of cytotoxicities toward DU145 cells. 25184545 0 66 theme cancer 59:64 arg1 cells 66:70 cancer cells 59:70 cancer cells 59:70 The disaccharide moiety of bleomycin facilitates uptake by cancer cells. 25184545 4 67 theme BLM 470:472 arg1 analogues 474:482 BLM analogues 470:482 BLM analogues 470:482 To explore this possibility, BLM analogues were prepared in which the disaccharide moiety was attached to deglycobleomycin at novel positions, namely, via the threonine moiety or C-terminal substituent. 25184545 8 68 theme imaging 1224:1230 arg1 experiments 1232:1242 imaging experiments 1224:1242 imaging experiments 1224:1242 Dye-labeled conjugates of the cytotoxic BLM aglycons were used in imaging experiments to determine the extent of cell uptake. 25184545 5 69 theme DNA 700:702 arg1 cleavage 704:711 DNA cleavage 700:711 DNA cleavage 700:711 The analogues were compared with BLM and deglycoBLM for DNA cleavage, cancer cell uptake, and cytotoxic activity. 25485944 3 0 theme mechanical 335:344 arg1 cytotoxicity 400:411 cytotoxicity 400:411 cytotoxicity 400:411 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 0 theme mechanical 335:344 arg1 degradation 383:393 enzyme degradation 376:393 enzyme degradation 376:393 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 0 theme mechanical 335:344 arg1 properties 346:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 0 theme mechanical 335:344 arg1 absorption 364:373 water absorption 358:373 water absorption 358:373 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 0 theme mechanical 335:344 arg1 well 451:454 well 451:454 well 451:454 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 4 1 theme composite 510:518 arg1 materials 520:528 the composite materials 506:528 the composite materials 506:528 The results show that the inorganic substance in the composite materials is hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity. 25485944 5 2 theme fine 685:688 arg1 particles 690:698 smooth fine particles 678:698 smooth fine particles 678:698 A new interface appeared by the interaction among hydroxyapatite and collagen-pectin, and formed smooth fine particles. 25485944 4 3 from hydroxyapatite 533:546 arg1 crystallinity 566:578 relatively low crystallinity 551:578 relatively low crystallinity 551:578 The results show that the inorganic substance in the composite materials is hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity. 25485944 3 4 theme enzyme 376:381 arg1 properties 346:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 4 theme enzyme 376:381 arg1 degradation 383:393 enzyme degradation 376:393 enzyme degradation 376:393 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 6 5 from use 804:806 arg1 replacement 816:826 bone replacement 811:826 bone replacement 811:826 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 4 6 theme inorganic 483:491 arg1 substance 493:501 the inorganic substance 479:501 the inorganic substance in the composite materials 479:528 The results show that the inorganic substance in the composite materials is hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity. 25485944 4 6 theme inorganic 483:491 arg1 hydroxyapatite 533:546 hydroxyapatite 533:546 hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity 533:578 The results show that the inorganic substance in the composite materials is hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity. 25485944 6 7 theme new 836:838 arg1 composite 840:848 the new composite 832:848 the new composite 832:848 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 8 theme enzyme 746:751 arg1 properties 716:725 The mechanical properties 701:725 The mechanical properties 701:725 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 8 theme enzyme 746:751 arg1 degradation 753:763 enzyme degradation 746:763 enzyme degradation 746:763 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 1 9 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin 193:222 arg1 composite 240:248 collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite 193:248 collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite 193:248 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 4 10 from substance 493:501 arg1 materials 520:528 the composite materials 506:528 the composite materials 506:528 The results show that the inorganic substance in the composite materials is hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity. 25485944 1 11 theme plant 96:100 arg1 polysaccharide 102:115 plant polysaccharide 96:115 plant polysaccharide 96:115 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 1 12 theme Col-HA/pectin 225:237 arg1 composite 240:248 collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite 193:248 collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite 193:248 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 5 13 theme smooth 678:683 arg1 particles 690:698 smooth fine particles 678:698 smooth fine particles 678:698 A new interface appeared by the interaction among hydroxyapatite and collagen-pectin, and formed smooth fine particles. 25485944 1 14 theme polysaccharide 102:115 arg1 kind 88:91 a kind 86:91 a kind of plant polysaccharide 86:115 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 1 14 theme polysaccharide 102:115 arg1 Pectin 78:83 Pectin 78:83 Pectin 78:83 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 6 15 theme water 728:732 arg1 properties 716:725 The mechanical properties 701:725 The mechanical properties 701:725 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 15 theme water 728:732 arg1 absorption 734:743 water absorption 728:743 water absorption 728:743 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 16 theme bone 811:814 arg1 replacement 816:826 bone replacement 811:826 bone replacement 811:826 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 17 theme potential 794:802 arg1 use 804:806 a potential use 792:806 a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite 792:848 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 0 18 theme composite 67:75 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin composite. 25485944 0 18 theme composite 67:75 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin composite. 25485944 6 19 theme mechanical 705:714 arg1 cytotoxicity 770:781 cytotoxicity 770:781 cytotoxicity 770:781 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 19 theme mechanical 705:714 arg1 properties 716:725 The mechanical properties 701:725 The mechanical properties 701:725 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 19 theme mechanical 705:714 arg1 absorption 734:743 water absorption 728:743 water absorption 728:743 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 6 19 theme mechanical 705:714 arg1 degradation 753:763 enzyme degradation 746:763 enzyme degradation 746:763 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity indicate a potential use in bone replacement for the new composite. 25485944 0 20 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin 36:65 arg1 composite 67:75 collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin composite 36:75 collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin composite 36:75 Preparation and characterization of collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin composite. 25485944 3 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 cytotoxicity 400:411 cytotoxicity 400:411 cytotoxicity 400:411 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 degradation 383:393 enzyme degradation 376:393 enzyme degradation 376:393 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 properties 346:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 absorption 364:373 water absorption 358:373 water absorption 358:373 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 well 451:454 well 451:454 well 451:454 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 5 22 theme new 583:585 arg1 interface 587:595 A new interface 581:595 A new interface 581:595 A new interface appeared by the interaction among hydroxyapatite and collagen-pectin, and formed smooth fine particles. 25485944 4 23 theme low 562:564 arg1 crystallinity 566:578 relatively low crystallinity 551:578 relatively low crystallinity 551:578 The results show that the inorganic substance in the composite materials is hydroxyapatite in relatively low crystallinity. 25485944 1 24 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite 138:160 arg1 system 172:177 collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system 138:177 collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system 138:177 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 1 25 theme composite 162:170 arg1 system 172:177 collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system 138:177 collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system 138:177 Pectin, a kind of plant polysaccharide, was introduced into collagen-hydroxyapatite composite system, and prepared collagen-hydroxyapatite/pectin (Col-HA/pectin) composite in situ. 25485944 3 26 theme water 358:362 arg1 properties 346:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties 331:355 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 3 26 theme water 358:362 arg1 absorption 364:373 water absorption 358:373 water absorption 358:373 The mechanical properties, water absorption, enzyme degradation, and cytotoxicity of the composite were investigated as well. 25485944 2 27 theme composite 280:288 arg1 structure 263:271 The structure 259:271 The structure of the composite 259:288 The structure of the composite was investigated by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. 23934062 6 0 theme callose 1245:1251 arg1 expression 1231:1240 the expression 1227:1240 the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple 1227:1344 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 5 1 located observed 862:869 arg1 expression 879:888 gene expression 874:888 gene expression 874:888 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 1 located observed 862:869 arg2 changes 854:860 the changes 850:860 the changes observed in gene expression 850:888 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 2 theme wall 1041:1044 arg1 polysaccharides 1046:1060 wall polysaccharides 1041:1060 wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy 1041:1117 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 3 3 dep determine 521:529 arg1 polygalacturonase 610:626 polygalacturonase 610:626 polygalacturonase 610:626 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 3 3 dep determine 521:529 arg1 pectinmethylesterase 632:651 pectinmethylesterase 632:651 pectinmethylesterase 632:651 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 1 4 theme fruit-bearing 225:237 arg1 Apple 160:164 Apple 160:164 Apple (Malus × domestica) 160:184 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 1 4 theme fruit-bearing 225:237 arg1 crop 239:242 an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop 189:242 an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae 189:282 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 0 5 theme full 86:89 arg1 stage 97:101 the full bloom stage 82:101 the full bloom stage 82:101 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 3 6 theme enzymes 596:602 arg1 action 568:573 the action 564:573 the action of cell wall-related enzymes 564:602 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 2 7 dep flower 429:434 arg1 development 446:456 development 446:456 development 446:456 Several studies have demonstrated that the cell wall plays a pivotal role during flower and fruit development. 23934062 5 8 theme qualitative 1011:1021 arg1 results 1023:1029 the qualitative results 1007:1029 the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy 1007:1117 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 3 9 theme tube 490:493 arg1 growth 495:500 pollen tube growth 483:500 pollen tube growth 483:500 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 5 10 theme non-structural 916:929 arg1 carbohydrates 931:943 soluble non-structural carbohydrates 908:943 soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 908:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 11 theme near-infrared 1092:1104 arg1 spectroscopy 1106:1117 near-infrared spectroscopy 1092:1117 near-infrared spectroscopy 1092:1117 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 6 12 theme genes 1276:1280 arg1 expression 1231:1240 the expression 1227:1240 the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple 1227:1344 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 6 13 theme physiology 1184:1193 arg1 study 1170:1174 the study 1166:1174 the study of tree physiology 1166:1193 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 6 14 theme important 1144:1152 arg1 addition 1154:1161 an important addition 1141:1161 an important addition to the study of tree physiology 1141:1193 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 6 15 theme synthase 1267:1274 arg1 genes 1276:1280 cellulose synthase genes 1257:1280 cellulose synthase genes 1257:1280 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 5 16 attach linked 1031:1036 arg2 results 1023:1029 the qualitative results 1007:1029 the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy 1007:1117 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 16 attach linked 1031:1036 arg1 composition 1063:1073 wall polysaccharides' composition 1041:1073 wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy 1041:1117 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 17 theme different 948:956 arg1 stages 972:977 different developmental stages 948:977 different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 948:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 0 18 theme bloom 91:95 arg1 stage 97:101 the full bloom stage 82:101 the full bloom stage 82:101 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 6 19 theme cellulose 1257:1265 arg1 genes 1276:1280 cellulose synthase genes 1257:1280 cellulose synthase genes 1257:1280 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 3 20 theme pollen 483:488 arg1 growth 495:500 pollen tube growth 483:500 pollen tube growth 483:500 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 5 21 from stages 972:977 arg1 profile 897:903 the profile 893:903 the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 893:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 21 from stages 972:977 arg1 carbohydrates 931:943 soluble non-structural carbohydrates 908:943 soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 908:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 2 22 theme Several 348:354 arg1 studies 356:362 Several studies 348:362 Several studies 348:362 Several studies have demonstrated that the cell wall plays a pivotal role during flower and fruit development. 23934062 4 23 from development 802:812 arg1 apple 830:834 domesticated apple 817:834 domesticated apple 817:834 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 0 24 theme Callose 0:6 arg1 analysis 47:54 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis 0:54 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus 0:145 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 4 25 theme domesticated 817:828 arg1 apple 830:834 domesticated apple 817:834 domesticated apple 817:834 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 4 26 theme callose 694:700 arg1 expression 680:689 the expression 676:689 the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple 676:834 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 1 27 dep important 205:213 arg1 temperate 215:223 temperate 215:223 temperate 215:223 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 0 28 theme synthase 22:29 arg1 expression 36:45 cellulose synthase gene expression 12:45 cellulose synthase gene expression 12:45 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 4 29 theme early 790:794 arg1 development 802:812 early fruit development 790:812 early fruit development in domesticated apple 790:834 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 4 30 theme synthase 716:723 arg1 genes 725:729 synthase genes 716:729 synthase genes 716:729 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 1 31 theme Malus 167:171 arg1 Apple 160:164 Apple 160:164 Apple (Malus × domestica) 160:184 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 1 31 theme Malus 167:171 arg1 domestica 175:183 Malus × domestica 167:183 Malus × domestica 167:183 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 2 32 theme cell 391:394 arg1 wall 396:399 the cell wall 387:399 the cell wall 387:399 Several studies have demonstrated that the cell wall plays a pivotal role during flower and fruit development. 23934062 6 33 theme tree 1179:1182 arg1 physiology 1184:1193 tree physiology 1179:1193 tree physiology 1179:1193 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 1 34 theme cultivated 336:345 arg1 cultivated 336:345 cultivated 336:345 cultivated 336:345 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 1 34 theme cultivated 336:345 arg1 one 311:313 one 311:313 one 311:313 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 4 35 theme cellulose 706:714 arg1 expression 680:689 the expression 676:689 the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple 676:834 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 1 36 theme × 173:173 arg1 Apple 160:164 Apple 160:164 Apple (Malus × domestica) 160:184 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 1 36 theme × 173:173 arg1 domestica 175:183 Malus × domestica 167:183 Malus × domestica 167:183 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 0 37 theme expression 36:45 arg1 analysis 47:54 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis 0:54 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus 0:145 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 5 38 theme carbohydrates 931:943 arg1 profile 897:903 the profile 893:903 the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 893:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 0 39 theme fruit 120:124 arg1 development 126:136 early fruit development 114:136 early fruit development 114:136 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 0 40 from cluster 71:77 arg1 analysis 47:54 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis 0:54 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus 0:145 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 3 41 theme firmness 541:548 arg1 trait 550:554 the fruit firmness trait 531:554 the fruit firmness trait 531:554 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 0 42 theme gene 31:34 arg1 expression 36:45 cellulose synthase gene expression 12:45 cellulose synthase gene expression 12:45 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 0 43 theme early 114:118 arg1 development 126:136 early fruit development 114:136 early fruit development 114:136 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 3 44 theme cell 578:581 arg1 enzymes 596:602 cell wall-related enzymes 578:602 cell wall-related enzymes 578:602 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 6 45 theme expression 1231:1240 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 the analysis 1211:1222 the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple 1211:1344 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 6 46 theme early 1300:1304 arg1 development 1312:1322 flower and early fruit development 1289:1322 development 1312:1322 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 1 47 theme Rosaceae 275:282 arg1 family 265:270 the family 261:270 the family of Rosaceae 261:282 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 3 48 theme wall-related 583:594 arg1 enzymes 596:602 cell wall-related enzymes 578:602 cell wall-related enzymes 578:602 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 4 49 theme fruit 796:800 arg1 development 802:812 early fruit development 790:812 early fruit development in domesticated apple 790:834 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 6 50 theme fruit 1306:1310 arg1 development 1312:1322 flower and early fruit development 1289:1322 development 1312:1322 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 5 51 theme gene 874:877 arg1 expression 879:888 gene expression 874:888 gene expression 874:888 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 2 52 theme pivotal 409:415 arg1 role 417:420 a pivotal role 407:420 a pivotal role 407:420 Several studies have demonstrated that the cell wall plays a pivotal role during flower and fruit development. 23934062 3 53 theme fruit 535:539 arg1 trait 550:554 the fruit firmness trait 531:554 the fruit firmness trait 531:554 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 5 54 attach link 845:848 arg2 We 837:838 We 837:838 We 837:838 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 54 attach link 845:848 arg1 profile 897:903 the profile 893:903 the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 893:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 5 54 attach link 845:848 arg1 results 1023:1029 the qualitative results 1007:1029 the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy 1007:1117 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 6 55 from development 1312:1322 arg1 apple 1340:1344 domesticated apple 1327:1344 domesticated apple 1327:1344 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 6 56 theme flower 1289:1294 arg1 development 1312:1322 flower and early fruit development 1289:1322 development 1312:1322 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 5 57 theme soluble 908:914 arg1 carbohydrates 931:943 soluble non-structural carbohydrates 908:943 soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 908:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 6 58 theme domesticated 1327:1338 arg1 apple 1340:1344 domesticated apple 1327:1344 domesticated apple 1327:1344 This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 5 59 theme developmental 958:970 arg1 stages 972:977 different developmental stages 948:977 different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 948:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 3 60 dep polygalacturonase 610:626 arg1 i.e. 605:608 i.e. 605:608 i.e. 605:608 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 4 61 theme tight 753:757 arg1 cluster 759:765 tight cluster 753:765 tight cluster to anthesis 753:777 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 4 62 dep callose 694:700 arg1 genes 725:729 synthase genes 716:729 synthase genes 716:729 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 5 63 from profile 897:903 arg1 stages 972:977 different developmental stages 948:977 different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 948:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 0 64 theme tight 65:69 arg1 cluster 71:77 the tight cluster 61:77 the tight cluster 61:77 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 5 65 theme flowers/fruitlets 982:998 arg1 stages 972:977 different developmental stages 948:977 different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets 948:998 We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides' composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. 23934062 3 66 theme active 468:473 arg1 part 475:478 active part 468:478 active part 468:478 It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). 23934062 1 67 theme pomaceous 292:300 arg1 fruit 302:306 its pomaceous fruit 288:306 its pomaceous fruit 288:306 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 0 68 theme cellulose 12:20 arg1 expression 36:45 cellulose synthase gene expression 12:45 cellulose synthase gene expression 12:45 Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica. 23934062 4 69 from cluster 759:765 arg1 flowering 738:746 flowering 738:746 flowering from tight cluster to anthesis 738:777 We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. 23934062 1 70 theme important 205:213 arg1 Apple 160:164 Apple 160:164 Apple (Malus × domestica) 160:184 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 23934062 1 70 theme important 205:213 arg1 crop 239:242 an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop 189:242 an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae 189:282 Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. 25447822 12 0 theme storage 1725:1731 arg1 studies 1733:1739 Short-term storage studies 1714:1739 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions 1714:1761 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 2 1 theme mixing 477:482 arg1 ratio 484:488 charge mixing ratio 470:488 charge mixing ratio 470:488 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 6 2 theme phase 1123:1127 arg1 separation 1129:1138 associative phase separation 1111:1138 associative phase separation 1111:1138 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 0 3 theme peptide-loaded 144:157 arg1 nanoparticles 159:171 peptide-loaded nanoparticles 144:171 peptide-loaded nanoparticles 144:171 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 12 4 theme Short-term 1714:1723 arg1 studies 1733:1739 Short-term storage studies 1714:1739 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions 1714:1761 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 0 5 from interactions 15:26 arg1 process 105:111 the process 101:111 the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles 101:171 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 4 6 theme weight 723:728 arg1 impact 686:691 The impact 682:691 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties 682:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 14 7 theme nanoparticulate 2025:2039 arg1 format 2041:2046 a suitable nanoparticulate format 2014:2046 a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT 2014:2070 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 14 7 theme nanoparticulate 2025:2039 arg1 NPs 1989:1991 Such NPs 1984:1991 Such NPs 1984:1991 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 12 8 theme liquid 1744:1749 arg1 dispersions 1751:1761 liquid dispersions 1744:1761 liquid dispersions 1744:1761 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 1 9 theme ternary 239:245 arg1 complex 247:253 a ternary complex 237:253 a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) 237:325 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 6 10 theme mass 1019:1022 arg1 ratio 1031:1035 the mass mixing ratio 1015:1035 the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA 1015:1054 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 4 11 theme sCT 737:739 arg1 capacity 749:756 the sCT loading capacity 733:756 the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties 733:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 7 12 theme charged 1175:1181 arg1 NPs 1193:1195 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs 1160:1195 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs 1160:1195 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 5 13 theme sCT 813:815 arg1 complexes 817:825 sCT complexes 813:825 sCT complexes 813:825 sCT complexes to HA via electrostatic interactions and a support for hydrophobic interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS was found by FTIR. 25447822 12 14 from studies 1733:1739 arg1 dispersions 1751:1761 liquid dispersions 1744:1761 liquid dispersions 1744:1761 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 1 15 theme complex 247:253 arg1 formulation 222:232 the formulation 218:232 the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format 218:355 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 8 16 theme sCT 1306:1308 arg1 loading 1310:1316 high sCT loading 1301:1316 high sCT loading up to 50% 1301:1326 Also, high sCT loading up to 50% were achieved. 25447822 9 17 theme NP 1426:1427 arg1 composition 1429:1439 the NP composition 1422:1439 the NP composition 1422:1439 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 4 18 theme in 769:770 arg1 properties 786:795 in vitro release properties 769:795 in vitro release properties 769:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 2 19 theme mixing 447:452 arg1 MMR 461:463 MMR 461:463 MMR 461:463 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 2 19 theme mixing 447:452 arg1 ratio 454:458 component mass mixing ratio 432:458 component mass mixing ratio (MMR) 432:464 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 2 19 theme mixing 447:452 arg1 CMR 491:493 CMR 491:493 CMR 491:493 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 7 20 theme peptide 1251:1257 arg1 association 1259:1269 peptide association 1251:1269 peptide association 1251:1269 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 6 21 theme associative 1111:1121 arg1 separation 1129:1138 associative phase separation 1111:1138 associative phase separation 1111:1138 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 2 22 theme NPs 540:542 arg1 properties 526:535 the properties 522:535 the properties of NPs 522:542 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 8 23 dep 50 1324:1325 arg1 to 1321:1322 to 1321:1322 to 1321:1322 Also, high sCT loading up to 50% were achieved. 25447822 10 24 dep -19 1554:1556 arg1 to 1551:1552 to 1551:1552 to 1551:1552 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT was negative and ranging from -136 to -36 mV, but increased to -84 to -19 mV when the peptide was loaded. 25447822 2 25 theme mass 442:445 arg1 MMR 461:463 MMR 461:463 MMR 461:463 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 2 25 theme mass 442:445 arg1 ratio 454:458 component mass mixing ratio 432:458 component mass mixing ratio (MMR) 432:464 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 2 25 theme mass 442:445 arg1 CMR 491:493 CMR 491:493 CMR 491:493 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 10 26 dep -36 1522:1524 arg1 to 1519:1520 to 1519:1520 to 1519:1520 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT was negative and ranging from -136 to -36 mV, but increased to -84 to -19 mV when the peptide was loaded. 25447822 9 27 theme release 1385:1391 arg1 properties 1393:1402 in vitro release properties 1376:1402 in vitro release properties 1376:1402 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 4 28 theme release 778:784 arg1 properties 786:795 in vitro release properties 769:795 in vitro release properties 769:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 1 29 theme principal 178:186 arg1 aim 188:190 The principal aim 174:190 The principal aim of this work 174:203 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 4 30 dep in 769:770 arg1 vitro 772:776 vitro 772:776 vitro 772:776 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 4 31 theme molecular 713:721 arg1 weight 723:728 HA molecular weight 710:728 HA molecular weight 710:728 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 4 32 theme loading 741:747 arg1 capacity 749:756 the sCT loading capacity 733:756 the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties 733:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 0 33 theme Intermolecular 0:13 arg1 interactions 15:26 Intermolecular interactions 0:26 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan 0:79 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 1 34 theme salmon 266:271 arg1 sCT 285:287 sCT 285:287 sCT 285:287 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 1 34 theme salmon 266:271 arg1 calcitonin 273:282 salmon calcitonin 266:282 salmon calcitonin (sCT) 266:288 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 4 35 theme HA 710:711 arg1 weight 723:728 HA molecular weight 710:728 HA molecular weight 710:728 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 7 36 theme high 1224:1227 arg1 % 1245:1245 above 90% 1237:1245 above 90% 1237:1245 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 7 36 theme high 1224:1227 arg1 values 1229:1234 very high values 1219:1234 very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested 1219:1292 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 0 37 theme salmon 36:41 arg1 calcitonin 43:52 salmon calcitonin 36:52 salmon calcitonin 36:52 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 0 38 theme formation 116:124 arg1 process 105:111 the process 101:111 the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles 101:171 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 7 39 theme HA/CS/sCT 1183:1191 arg1 NPs 1193:1195 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs 1160:1195 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs 1160:1195 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 6 40 theme sCT/HA 971:976 arg1 complex 978:984 The sCT/HA complex 967:984 The sCT/HA complex 967:984 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 6 40 theme sCT/HA 971:976 arg1 soluble 989:995 soluble 989:995 soluble 989:995 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 9 41 theme loading 1355:1361 arg1 dependent 1409:1417 dependent 1409:1417 dependent 1409:1417 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 9 41 theme loading 1355:1361 arg1 capacity 1363:1370 The peptide loading capacity 1343:1370 The peptide loading capacity 1343:1370 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 10 42 theme zeta 1446:1449 arg1 potential 1451:1459 The zeta potential 1442:1459 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT 1442:1482 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT was negative and ranging from -136 to -36 mV, but increased to -84 to -19 mV when the peptide was loaded. 25447822 10 42 theme zeta 1446:1449 arg1 negative 1488:1495 negative 1488:1495 negative 1488:1495 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT was negative and ranging from -136 to -36 mV, but increased to -84 to -19 mV when the peptide was loaded. 25447822 8 43 theme high 1301:1304 arg1 loading 1310:1316 high sCT loading 1301:1316 high sCT loading up to 50% 1301:1326 Also, high sCT loading up to 50% were achieved. 25447822 3 44 theme Intermolecular 545:558 arg1 interactions 560:571 Intermolecular interactions 545:571 Intermolecular interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS 545:612 Intermolecular interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic viscosity. 25447822 9 45 theme peptide 1347:1353 arg1 dependent 1409:1417 dependent 1409:1417 dependent 1409:1417 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 9 45 theme peptide 1347:1353 arg1 capacity 1363:1370 The peptide loading capacity 1343:1370 The peptide loading capacity 1343:1370 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 1 46 theme work 200:203 arg1 aim 188:190 The principal aim 174:190 The principal aim of this work 174:203 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 3 47 theme infrared 630:637 arg1 spectroscopy 639:650 infrared spectroscopy 630:650 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 630:657 Intermolecular interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic viscosity. 25447822 3 47 theme infrared 630:637 arg1 FTIR 653:656 FTIR 653:656 FTIR 653:656 Intermolecular interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic viscosity. 25447822 0 48 theme properties 130:139 arg1 process 105:111 the process 101:111 the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles 101:171 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 4 49 theme MMR 696:698 arg1 impact 686:691 The impact 682:691 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties 682:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 7 50 theme association 1259:1269 arg1 % 1245:1245 above 90% 1237:1245 above 90% 1237:1245 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 7 50 theme association 1259:1269 arg1 values 1229:1234 very high values 1219:1234 very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested 1219:1292 The negatively charged HA/CS/sCT NPs were characterized by very high values (above 90%) of peptide association for the systems tested. 25447822 6 51 theme separation 1129:1138 arg1 indicative 1097:1106 indicative 1097:1106 indicative 1097:1106 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 1 52 theme nanoparticle 332:343 arg1 format 350:355 a nanoparticle (NP) format 330:355 a nanoparticle (NP) format 330:355 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 12 53 theme sCT 1839:1841 arg1 release 1828:1834 no release 1825:1834 no release of sCT 1825:1841 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 12 54 theme NPs 1802:1804 arg1 stability 1789:1797 the colloidal stability 1775:1797 the colloidal stability of NPs 1775:1804 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 12 54 theme NPs 1802:1804 arg1 acceptable 1810:1819 acceptable 1810:1819 acceptable 1810:1819 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 3 55 theme dynamic 663:669 arg1 viscosity 671:679 dynamic viscosity 663:679 dynamic viscosity 663:679 Intermolecular interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic viscosity. 25447822 1 56 from formulation 222:232 arg1 format 350:355 a nanoparticle (NP) format 330:355 a nanoparticle (NP) format 330:355 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 4 57 theme CMR 701:703 arg1 impact 686:691 The impact 682:691 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties 682:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 10 58 theme NPs 1468:1470 arg1 potential 1451:1459 The zeta potential 1442:1459 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT 1442:1482 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT was negative and ranging from -136 to -36 mV, but increased to -84 to -19 mV when the peptide was loaded. 25447822 10 58 theme NPs 1468:1470 arg1 negative 1488:1495 negative 1488:1495 negative 1488:1495 The zeta potential of the NPs without sCT was negative and ranging from -136 to -36 mV, but increased to -84 to -19 mV when the peptide was loaded. 25447822 2 59 theme charge 470:475 arg1 ratio 484:488 charge mixing ratio 470:488 charge mixing ratio 470:488 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 1 60 theme NP 346:347 arg1 format 350:355 a nanoparticle (NP) format 330:355 a nanoparticle (NP) format 330:355 The principal aim of this work was to study the formulation of a ternary complex comprising salmon calcitonin (sCT), hyaluronate (HA), and chitosan (CS) in a nanoparticle (NP) format. 25447822 5 61 theme hydrophobic 882:892 arg1 interactions 894:905 hydrophobic interactions 882:905 hydrophobic interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS 882:946 sCT complexes to HA via electrostatic interactions and a support for hydrophobic interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS was found by FTIR. 25447822 14 62 theme sCT 2068:2070 arg1 delivery 2056:2063 the delivery 2052:2063 the delivery of sCT 2052:2070 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 14 63 theme Such 1984:1987 arg1 NPs 1989:1991 Such NPs 1984:1991 Such NPs 1984:1991 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 14 63 theme Such 1984:1987 arg1 format 2041:2046 a suitable nanoparticulate format 2014:2046 a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT 2014:2070 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 8 64 dep % 1326:1326 arg1 50 1324:1325 50 1324:1325 50 1324:1325 Also, high sCT loading up to 50% were achieved. 25447822 6 65 theme mixing 1024:1029 arg1 ratio 1031:1035 the mass mixing ratio 1015:1035 the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA 1015:1054 The sCT/HA complex is soluble but, depending on the mass mixing ratio between sCT and HA, NPs and microparticles were also formed indicative of associative phase separation between HA and sCT. 25447822 14 66 theme suitable 2016:2023 arg1 format 2041:2046 a suitable nanoparticulate format 2014:2046 a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT 2014:2070 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 14 66 theme suitable 2016:2023 arg1 NPs 1989:1991 Such NPs 1984:1991 Such NPs 1984:1991 Such NPs may be considered as a suitable nanoparticulate format for the delivery of sCT. 25447822 12 67 theme colloidal 1779:1787 arg1 stability 1789:1797 the colloidal stability 1775:1797 the colloidal stability of NPs 1775:1804 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 12 67 theme colloidal 1779:1787 arg1 acceptable 1810:1819 acceptable 1810:1819 acceptable 1810:1819 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 0 68 theme nanoparticles 159:171 arg1 properties 130:139 properties 130:139 properties 130:139 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 0 68 theme nanoparticles 159:171 arg1 formation 116:124 formation 116:124 formation 116:124 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 4 69 from capacity 749:756 arg1 properties 786:795 in vitro release properties 769:795 in vitro release properties 769:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 4 69 from capacity 749:756 arg1 NPs 761:763 NPs 761:763 NPs 761:763 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 5 70 theme electrostatic 837:849 arg1 interactions 851:862 electrostatic interactions 837:862 electrostatic interactions 837:862 sCT complexes to HA via electrostatic interactions and a support for hydrophobic interactions between sCT and HA as well as sCT and CS was found by FTIR. 25447822 4 71 from impact 686:691 arg1 capacity 749:756 the sCT loading capacity 733:756 the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties 733:795 The impact of MMR, CMR, and HA molecular weight on the sCT loading capacity in NPs and in vitro release properties was determined. 25447822 13 72 theme NP 1900:1901 arg1 systems 1903:1909 NP systems 1900:1909 NP systems comprising sCT, HA, and CS 1900:1936 In conclusion, a range of NP systems comprising sCT, HA, and CS was successfully developed and characterized. 25447822 8 73 dep loading 1310:1316 arg1 % 1326:1326 % 1326:1326 % 1326:1326 Also, high sCT loading up to 50% were achieved. 25447822 2 74 theme component 432:440 arg1 MMR 461:463 MMR 461:463 MMR 461:463 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 2 74 theme component 432:440 arg1 ratio 454:458 component mass mixing ratio 432:458 component mass mixing ratio (MMR) 432:464 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 2 74 theme component 432:440 arg1 CMR 491:493 CMR 491:493 CMR 491:493 As interactions between the constituents are possible, their presence and component mass mixing ratio (MMR) and charge mixing ratio (CMR) were investigated to tune the properties of NPs. 25447822 0 75 from impact 91:96 arg1 process 105:111 the process 101:111 the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles 101:171 Intermolecular interactions between salmon calcitonin, hyaluronate, and chitosan and their impact on the process of formation and properties of peptide-loaded nanoparticles. 25447822 12 76 dep 3 1866:1866 arg1 to 1863:1864 to 1863:1864 to 1863:1864 Short-term storage studies in liquid dispersions showed that the colloidal stability of NPs was acceptable and no release of sCT was observed for up to 3 days. 25447822 11 77 theme particle 1594:1601 arg1 size 1603:1606 The particle size 1590:1606 The particle size 1590:1606 The particle size was found to be smaller and ranging 150-230 nm for sCT/NPs in comparison to NPs without sCT (170-260 nm). 25447822 9 78 dep in 1376:1377 arg1 vitro 1379:1383 vitro 1379:1383 vitro 1379:1383 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 25447822 13 79 theme systems 1903:1909 arg1 range 1891:1895 a range 1889:1895 a range of NP systems comprising sCT, HA, and CS 1889:1936 In conclusion, a range of NP systems comprising sCT, HA, and CS was successfully developed and characterized. 25447822 9 80 theme in 1376:1377 arg1 properties 1393:1402 in vitro release properties 1376:1402 in vitro release properties 1376:1402 The peptide loading capacity and in vitro release properties were dependent on the NP composition. 24670435 8 0 theme N 1801:1801 arg1 ratio 1803:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 6 1 theme carbohydrate 1408:1419 arg1 content 1421:1427 the total carbohydrate content 1398:1427 the total carbohydrate content 1398:1427 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 2 2 theme elevated 784:791 arg1 CO2 793:795 elevated CO2 784:795 elevated CO2 (620 ppm) 784:805 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 2 theme elevated 784:791 arg1 ppm 802:804 620 ppm 798:804 620 ppm 798:804 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 1 3 dep quality 415:421 arg1 e.g. 398:401 e.g. 398:401 e.g. 398:401 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 4 theme ongoing 262:268 arg1 factors 293:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 7 5 from accumulation 1499:1510 arg1 legumes 1532:1538 legumes 1532:1538 legumes 1532:1538 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 9 6 theme accumulating 1970:1981 arg1 grasses 1983:1989 the fructan accumulating grasses 1958:1989 the fructan accumulating grasses 1958:1989 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 1 7 theme Elevated 169:176 arg1 concentrations 182:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 7 theme Elevated 169:176 arg1 components 244:253 two increasing components 229:253 two increasing components 229:253 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 7 theme Elevated 169:176 arg1 events 217:222 extreme climate events 201:222 extreme climate events 201:222 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 8 8 theme extreme 1711:1717 arg1 climate 1703:1709 climate 1703:1709 climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol 1703:1831 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 2 9 theme accumulating 559:570 arg1 perenne 587:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 9 theme accumulating 559:570 arg1 lupulina 656:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 9 theme accumulating 559:570 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 9 theme accumulating 559:570 arg1 pratensis 600:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 6 10 with combination 1261:1271 arg1 CO2 1287:1289 elevated CO2 1278:1289 elevated CO2 1278:1289 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 1 11 theme extreme 201:207 arg1 concentrations 182:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 11 theme extreme 201:207 arg1 components 244:253 two increasing components 229:253 two increasing components 229:253 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 11 theme extreme 201:207 arg1 events 217:222 extreme climate events 201:222 extreme climate events 201:222 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 7 12 theme sucrose 1606:1612 arg1 synthase 1614:1621 sucrose synthase 1606:1621 sucrose synthase 1606:1621 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 10 13 theme quality 2134:2140 arg1 losses 2142:2147 quality losses 2134:2147 quality losses 2134:2147 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 8 14 theme elevated 1670:1677 arg1 CO2 1679:1681 elevated CO2 1670:1681 elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 1670:1911 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 15 theme phosphorus 1736:1745 arg1 contents 1770:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 7 16 theme synthase 1596:1603 arg1 activity 1566:1573 higher activity 1559:1573 higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase 1559:1651 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 0 17 theme fructan 131:137 arg1 comparison 117:126 a comparison 115:126 a comparison of fructan 115:137 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 0 17 theme fructan 131:137 arg1 accumulators 155:166 non-fructan accumulators 143:166 non-fructan accumulators 143:166 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 7 18 theme sucrose 1578:1584 arg1 synthase 1596:1603 sucrose phosphate synthase 1578:1603 sucrose phosphate synthase 1578:1603 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 2 19 theme Lolium 580:585 arg1 perenne 587:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 19 theme Lolium 580:585 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 0 20 theme non-fructan 143:153 arg1 accumulators 155:166 non-fructan accumulators 143:166 non-fructan accumulators 143:166 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 1 21 theme decomposition 427:439 arg1 rates 441:445 decomposition rates 427:445 decomposition rates 427:445 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 2 22 theme elevated 723:730 arg1 +3°C 745:748 +3°C 745:748 +3°C 745:748 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 22 theme elevated 723:730 arg1 temperature 732:742 elevated temperature 723:742 elevated temperature (+3°C) 723:749 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 5 23 theme stoichiometric 1235:1248 arg1 ratios 1250:1255 stoichiometric ratios 1235:1255 stoichiometric ratios 1235:1255 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 9 24 theme recent 2036:2041 arg1 views 2043:2047 recent views 2036:2047 recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress 2036:2109 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 0 25 theme temperate 55:63 arg1 species 75:81 temperate grassland species 55:81 temperate grassland species 55:81 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 1 26 theme chemical 318:325 arg1 composition 327:337 plant chemical composition 312:337 plant chemical composition 312:337 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 2 27 theme tissue 497:502 arg1 quality 504:510 tissue quality 497:510 tissue quality 497:510 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 0 28 from effects 16:22 arg1 composition 40:50 the chemical composition 27:50 the chemical composition of temperate grassland species 27:81 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 0 29 theme species 75:81 arg1 composition 40:50 the chemical composition 27:50 the chemical composition of temperate grassland species 27:81 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 2 30 theme legumes 639:645 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 30 theme legumes 639:645 arg1 lupulina 656:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 31 theme temperate 518:526 arg1 species 538:544 four temperate grassland species 513:544 four temperate grassland species 513:544 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 32 from impact 467:472 arg1 quality 504:510 tissue quality 497:510 tissue quality 497:510 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 9 33 theme cellular 2077:2084 arg1 homeostasis 2086:2096 cellular homeostasis 2077:2096 cellular homeostasis 2077:2096 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 5 34 theme extreme 1156:1162 arg1 climate 1148:1154 climate extreme 1148:1162 climate extreme 1148:1162 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 8 35 theme total 1787:1791 arg1 ratio 1803:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 36 theme P 1903:1903 arg1 ratios 1905:1910 P ratios 1903:1910 P ratios 1903:1910 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 5 37 theme significant 1126:1136 arg1 effect 1138:1143 no significant effect 1123:1143 no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios 1123:1255 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 0 38 theme Climate 0:6 arg1 effects 16:22 Climate extreme effects 0:22 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 0:167 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 1 39 theme global 270:275 arg1 factors 293:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 10 40 theme extreme 2233:2239 arg1 conditions 2279:2288 climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions 2225:2288 climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions 2225:2288 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 8 41 dep CO2 1679:1681 arg1 C 1893:1893 C 1893:1893 C 1893:1893 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 41 dep CO2 1679:1681 arg1 legumes 1661:1667 the legumes 1657:1667 the legumes 1657:1667 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 41 dep CO2 1679:1681 arg1 N 1890:1890 N 1890:1890 N 1890:1890 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 1 42 theme change 286:291 arg1 factors 293:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 7 43 theme pyrophosphorylase 1635:1651 arg1 activity 1566:1573 higher activity 1559:1573 higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase 1559:1651 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 7 44 theme ADP-Glc 1627:1633 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 1635:1651 ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase 1627:1651 ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase 1627:1651 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 2 45 theme extremes 485:492 arg1 impact 467:472 the impact 463:472 the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality 463:510 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 10 46 theme elevated 2266:2273 arg1 CO2 2275:2277 elevated CO2 2266:2277 elevated CO2 2266:2277 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 8 47 theme nitrogen 1862:1869 arg1 contents 1875:1882 nitrogen (N) contents 1862:1882 nitrogen (N) contents 1862:1882 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 6 48 theme sucrose 1349:1355 arg1 content 1357:1363 sucrose content 1349:1363 sucrose content 1349:1363 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 9 49 theme other 1920:1924 arg1 hand 1926:1929 the other hand 1916:1929 the other hand 1916:1929 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 3 50 with combination 904:914 arg1 CO2 930:932 elevated CO2 921:932 elevated CO2 921:932 As a general observation, the effects of the climate extreme were larger and more ubiquitous in combination with elevated CO2. 24670435 0 51 dep effects 16:22 arg1 comparison 117:126 a comparison 115:126 a comparison of fructan 115:137 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 0 51 dep effects 16:22 arg1 accumulators 155:166 non-fructan accumulators 143:166 non-fructan accumulators 143:166 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 3 52 theme elevated 921:928 arg1 CO2 930:932 elevated CO2 921:932 elevated CO2 921:932 As a general observation, the effects of the climate extreme were larger and more ubiquitous in combination with elevated CO2. 24670435 2 53 dep grasses 572:578 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 53 dep grasses 572:578 arg1 perenne 587:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 53 dep grasses 572:578 arg1 pratensis 600:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 53 dep grasses 572:578 arg1 lupulina 656:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 9 54 theme tissue 1936:1941 arg1 composition 1943:1953 the tissue composition 1932:1953 the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses 1932:1989 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 9 55 theme grasses 1983:1989 arg1 composition 1943:1953 the tissue composition 1932:1953 the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses 1932:1989 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 6 56 theme total 1402:1406 arg1 content 1421:1427 the total carbohydrate content 1398:1427 the total carbohydrate content 1398:1427 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 5 57 theme climate 1148:1154 arg1 effect 1138:1143 no significant effect 1123:1143 no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios 1123:1255 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 2 58 theme Poa 596:598 arg1 pratensis 600:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 58 theme Poa 596:598 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 10 59 from prominent 2162:2170 arg1 grasses 2175:2181 grasses 2175:2181 grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions 2175:2288 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 10 59 from prominent 2162:2170 arg1 accumulators 2192:2203 fructan accumulators 2184:2203 fructan accumulators 2184:2203 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 9 60 theme fructan 1962:1968 arg1 grasses 1983:1989 the fructan accumulating grasses 1958:1989 the fructan accumulating grasses 1958:1989 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 10 61 theme combination 2249:2259 arg1 conditions 2279:2288 climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions 2225:2288 climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions 2225:2288 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 8 62 theme N 1872:1872 arg1 contents 1875:1882 nitrogen (N) contents 1862:1882 nitrogen (N) contents 1862:1882 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 4 63 dep increased 963:971 arg1 whereas 1031:1037 whereas 1031:1037 whereas 1031:1037 The imposed climate extreme increased non-structural carbohydrate and phenolics in all species, whereas it increased lignin in legumes and decreased tannins in grasses. 24670435 1 64 theme CO2 178:180 arg1 concentrations 182:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 64 theme CO2 178:180 arg1 components 244:253 two increasing components 229:253 two increasing components 229:253 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 64 theme CO2 178:180 arg1 events 217:222 extreme climate events 201:222 extreme climate events 201:222 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 7 65 theme synthase 1614:1621 arg1 activity 1566:1573 higher activity 1559:1573 higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase 1559:1651 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 2 66 theme fructan 551:557 arg1 perenne 587:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 Lolium perenne 580:593 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 66 theme fructan 551:557 arg1 lupulina 656:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 66 theme fructan 551:557 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 66 theme fructan 551:557 arg1 pratensis 600:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 Poa pratensis 596:608 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 67 theme ambient 758:764 arg1 CO2 766:768 ambient CO2 758:768 ambient CO2 (392 ppm) 758:778 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 67 theme ambient 758:764 arg1 ppm 775:777 392 ppm 771:777 392 ppm 771:777 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 5 68 from effect 1138:1143 arg1 lipids 1203:1208 lipids 1203:1208 lipids 1203:1208 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 5 68 from effect 1138:1143 arg1 contents 1222:1229 mineral contents 1214:1229 mineral contents 1214:1229 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 5 68 from effect 1138:1143 arg1 ratios 1250:1255 stoichiometric ratios 1235:1255 stoichiometric ratios 1235:1255 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 5 68 from effect 1138:1143 arg1 carbohydrates 1178:1190 structural carbohydrates 1167:1190 structural carbohydrates 1167:1190 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 5 68 from effect 1138:1143 arg1 proteins 1193:1200 proteins 1193:1200 proteins 1193:1200 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 6 69 theme total 1463:1467 arg1 carbohydrates 1469:1481 total carbohydrates 1463:1481 total carbohydrates 1463:1481 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 1 70 theme climate 209:215 arg1 concentrations 182:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 70 theme climate 209:215 arg1 components 244:253 two increasing components 229:253 two increasing components 229:253 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 70 theme climate 209:215 arg1 events 217:222 extreme climate events 201:222 extreme climate events 201:222 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 7 71 theme phosphate 1586:1594 arg1 synthase 1596:1603 sucrose phosphate synthase 1578:1603 sucrose phosphate synthase 1578:1603 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 6 72 theme elevated 1278:1285 arg1 CO2 1287:1289 elevated CO2 1278:1289 elevated CO2 1278:1289 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 2 73 theme water 706:710 arg1 deficit 712:718 water deficit 706:718 water deficit 706:718 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 1 74 theme nutritional 403:413 arg1 quality 415:421 nutritional quality 403:421 nutritional quality 403:421 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 5 75 theme mineral 1214:1220 arg1 contents 1222:1229 mineral contents 1214:1229 mineral contents 1214:1229 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 7 76 theme higher 1559:1564 arg1 activity 1566:1573 higher activity 1559:1573 higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase 1559:1651 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 8 77 dep N 1890:1890 arg1 N 1901:1901 N 1901:1901 N 1901:1901 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 77 dep N 1890:1890 arg1 ratios 1905:1910 P ratios 1903:1910 P ratios 1903:1910 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 77 dep N 1890:1890 arg1 P 1895:1895 P 1895:1895 P 1895:1895 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 1 78 dep components 244:253 arg1 alter 306:310 alter 306:310 may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics 302:395 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 0 79 theme grassland 65:73 arg1 species 75:81 temperate grassland species 55:81 temperate grassland species 55:81 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 10 80 with combination 2249:2259 arg1 CO2 2275:2277 elevated CO2 2266:2277 elevated CO2 2266:2277 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 10 81 theme fructan 2184:2190 arg1 grasses 2175:2181 grasses 2175:2181 grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions 2175:2288 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 10 81 theme fructan 2184:2190 arg1 accumulators 2192:2203 fructan accumulators 2184:2203 fructan accumulators 2184:2203 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 9 82 with line 2026:2029 arg1 views 2043:2047 recent views 2036:2047 recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress 2036:2109 On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. 24670435 6 83 from increases 1324:1332 arg1 fructan 1337:1343 fructan 1337:1343 fructan 1337:1343 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 6 83 from increases 1324:1332 arg1 content 1357:1363 sucrose content 1349:1363 sucrose content 1349:1363 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 6 83 from increases 1324:1332 arg1 grasses 1372:1378 the grasses 1368:1378 the grasses 1368:1378 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 8 84 theme magnesium 1755:1763 arg1 contents 1770:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 C 1858:1858 C 1858:1858 C 1858:1858 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 contents 1875:1882 nitrogen (N) contents 1862:1882 nitrogen (N) contents 1862:1882 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 C 1888:1888 C 1888:1888 C 1888:1888 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 tannin 1842:1847 tannin 1842:1847 tannin 1842:1847 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 carbon 1850:1855 carbon 1850:1855 carbon (C) 1850:1859 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 climate 1703:1709 climate 1703:1709 climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol 1703:1831 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 85 with combination 1686:1696 arg1 lignin 1834:1839 lignin 1834:1839 lignin 1834:1839 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 2 86 theme Medicago 647:654 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 86 theme Medicago 647:654 arg1 lupulina 656:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 6 87 theme larger 1317:1322 arg1 increases 1324:1332 larger increases 1317:1332 larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses 1317:1378 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 8 88 dep extreme 1711:1717 arg1 contents 1770:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 88 dep extreme 1711:1717 arg1 it 1813:1814 it 1813:1814 it 1813:1814 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 8 88 dep extreme 1711:1717 arg1 ratio 1803:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 3 89 theme general 813:819 arg1 observation 821:831 a general observation 811:831 a general observation 811:831 As a general observation, the effects of the climate extreme were larger and more ubiquitous in combination with elevated CO2. 24670435 7 90 theme carbohydrates 1515:1527 arg1 accumulation 1499:1510 The accumulation 1495:1510 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes 1495:1538 The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. 24670435 2 91 theme grassland 528:536 arg1 species 538:544 four temperate grassland species 513:544 four temperate grassland species 513:544 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 92 theme fixing 632:637 arg1 grasses 572:578 the fructan accumulating grasses 547:578 the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 547:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 2 92 theme fixing 632:637 arg1 lupulina 656:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina 615:663 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 8 93 theme protein 1727:1733 arg1 contents 1770:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 6 94 theme extreme 1300:1306 arg1 climate 1292:1298 climate extreme 1292:1306 climate extreme 1292:1306 In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. 24670435 1 95 theme economic 357:364 arg1 characteristics 381:395 their economic and ecological characteristics 351:395 their economic and ecological characteristics 351:395 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 0 96 theme extreme 8:14 arg1 effects 16:22 Climate extreme effects 0:22 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 0:167 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 1 97 theme ecological 370:379 arg1 characteristics 381:395 their economic and ecological characteristics 351:395 their economic and ecological characteristics 351:395 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 4 98 theme extreme 955:961 arg1 climate 947:953 The imposed climate extreme 935:961 The imposed climate extreme 935:961 The imposed climate extreme increased non-structural carbohydrate and phenolics in all species, whereas it increased lignin in legumes and decreased tannins in grasses. 24670435 10 99 from grasses 2175:2181 arg1 prominent 2162:2170 prominent 2162:2170 prominent 2162:2170 It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions. 24670435 1 100 theme climatic 277:284 arg1 factors 293:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 the ongoing global climatic change factors 258:299 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 8 101 theme element 1793:1799 arg1 ratio 1803:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 the total element:N ratio 1783:1807 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 4 102 theme non-structural 973:986 arg1 carbohydrate 988:999 non-structural carbohydrate 973:999 non-structural carbohydrate 973:999 The imposed climate extreme increased non-structural carbohydrate and phenolics in all species, whereas it increased lignin in legumes and decreased tannins in grasses. 24670435 8 103 theme reduced 1719:1725 arg1 contents 1770:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents 1719:1777 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 0 104 theme chemical 31:38 arg1 composition 40:50 the chemical composition 27:50 the chemical composition of temperate grassland species 27:81 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 1 105 theme factors 293:299 arg1 concentrations 182:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 105 theme factors 293:299 arg1 components 244:253 two increasing components 229:253 two increasing components 229:253 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 105 theme factors 293:299 arg1 events 217:222 extreme climate events 201:222 extreme climate events 201:222 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 3 106 theme extreme 861:867 arg1 effects 838:844 the effects 834:844 the effects of the climate extreme 834:867 As a general observation, the effects of the climate extreme were larger and more ubiquitous in combination with elevated CO2. 24670435 3 106 theme extreme 861:867 arg1 larger 874:879 larger 874:879 larger 874:879 As a general observation, the effects of the climate extreme were larger and more ubiquitous in combination with elevated CO2. 24670435 2 107 theme climate 477:483 arg1 extremes 485:492 climate extremes 477:492 climate extremes 477:492 To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). 24670435 0 108 theme elevated 101:108 arg1 CO2 110:112 elevated CO2 101:112 elevated CO2 101:112 Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. 24670435 4 109 theme imposed 939:945 arg1 climate 947:953 The imposed climate extreme 935:961 The imposed climate extreme 935:961 The imposed climate extreme increased non-structural carbohydrate and phenolics in all species, whereas it increased lignin in legumes and decreased tannins in grasses. 24670435 8 110 from CO2 1679:1681 arg1 combination 1686:1696 combination 1686:1696 combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C 1686:1888 In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. 24670435 1 111 theme plant 312:316 arg1 composition 327:337 plant chemical composition 312:337 plant chemical composition 312:337 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 5 112 theme structural 1167:1176 arg1 carbohydrates 1178:1190 structural carbohydrates 1167:1190 structural carbohydrates 1167:1190 However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. 24670435 1 113 theme increasing 233:242 arg1 concentrations 182:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations 169:195 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 113 theme increasing 233:242 arg1 components 244:253 two increasing components 229:253 two increasing components 229:253 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 24670435 1 113 theme increasing 233:242 arg1 events 217:222 extreme climate events 201:222 extreme climate events 201:222 Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. 27445084 4 0 theme → 892:892 arg1 NaNO3 894:898 HNO3(g) → NaNO3 884:898 HNO3(g) → NaNO3 884:898 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 3 1 theme reactive 700:707 arg1 molecule 733:740 the biological molecule 718:740 the biological molecule 718:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 3 1 theme reactive 700:707 arg1 sites 709:713 the reactive sites 696:713 the reactive sites of the biological molecule 696:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 4 2 theme HNO3 841:844 arg1 NaNO3 851:855 R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 828:855 NaNO3 851:855 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 2 theme HNO3 841:844 arg1 g 846:846 g 846:846 g 846:846 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 2 3 theme heterogeneous 365:377 arg1 reactivity 379:388 the heterogeneous reactivity 361:388 the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA 361:395 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 1 4 theme derived 254:260 arg1 compounds 270:278 biologically derived organic compounds 241:278 biologically derived organic compounds 241:278 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 4 5 theme relevant 779:786 arg1 sites 797:801 the relevant reactive sites 775:801 the relevant reactive sites 775:801 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 5 theme relevant 779:786 arg1 Examples 743:750 Examples 743:750 Examples of these reactions 743:769 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 5 theme relevant 779:786 arg1 follows 819:825 follows 819:825 follows 819:825 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 5 theme relevant 779:786 arg1 reactions 761:769 these reactions 755:769 these reactions 755:769 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 3 6 theme class 529:533 arg1 reactivity 513:522 the reactivity 509:522 the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 509:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 1 7 theme organic 262:268 arg1 compounds 270:278 biologically derived organic compounds 241:278 biologically derived organic compounds 241:278 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 0 8 theme Reaction 94:101 arg1 Pathways 103:110 Reaction Pathways 94:110 Reaction Pathways 94:110 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 3 9 theme biological 722:731 arg1 molecule 733:740 the biological molecule 718:740 the biological molecule 718:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 1 10 link derived 254:260 arg1 compounds 270:278 biologically derived organic compounds 241:278 biologically derived organic compounds 241:278 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 0 11 theme Nitric 62:67 arg1 Acid 69:72 Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 52:72 Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 52:72 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 3 12 attach derived 548:554 arg1 components 584:593 the biological components 569:593 the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 569:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 3 12 attach derived 548:554 arg2 particles 538:546 particles 538:546 particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 538:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 3 12 attach derived 548:554 arg1 some 561:564 some 561:564 some 561:564 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 2 13 theme additional 307:316 arg1 complexity 327:336 This additional chemical complexity 302:336 This additional chemical complexity 302:336 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 2 14 theme chemical 318:325 arg1 complexity 327:336 This additional chemical complexity 302:336 This additional chemical complexity 302:336 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 0 15 theme Heterogeneous 0:12 arg1 Chemistry 14:22 Heterogeneous Chemistry 0:22 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 0:72 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 5 16 theme other 1015:1019 arg1 types 1021:1025 other types 1015:1025 other types of atmospheric aerosol as well 1015:1056 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 0 17 dep Sites 84:88 arg1 Chemistry 14:22 Heterogeneous Chemistry 0:22 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 0:72 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 4 18 theme reactions 761:769 arg1 Examples 743:750 Examples 743:750 Examples of these reactions 743:769 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 18 theme reactions 761:769 arg1 sites 797:801 the relevant reactive sites 775:801 the relevant reactive sites 775:801 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 18 theme reactions 761:769 arg1 follows 819:825 follows 819:825 follows 819:825 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 18 theme reactions 761:769 arg1 reactions 761:769 these reactions 755:769 these reactions 755:769 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 2 19 theme SSA 393:395 arg1 reactivity 379:388 the heterogeneous reactivity 361:388 the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA 361:395 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 0 20 theme Lipopolysaccharides 27:45 arg1 Chemistry 14:22 Heterogeneous Chemistry 0:22 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 0:72 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 3 21 theme particles 538:546 arg1 class 529:533 a class 527:533 a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 527:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 1 22 theme size-dependent 174:187 arg1 composition 198:208 a size-dependent, complex composition 172:208 a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds 172:278 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 2 23 theme different 434:442 arg1 sites 453:457 different reactive sites 434:457 different reactive sites 434:457 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 3 24 theme molecule 733:740 arg1 molecule 733:740 the biological molecule 718:740 the biological molecule 718:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 3 24 theme molecule 733:740 arg1 sites 709:713 the reactive sites 696:713 the reactive sites of the biological molecule 696:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 1 25 theme Recent 113:118 arg1 studies 120:126 Recent studies 113:126 Recent studies 113:126 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 4 26 dep follows 819:825 arg1 R-COONa 828:834 R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 828:855 R-COONa 828:834 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 26 dep follows 819:825 arg1 s 836:836 s 836:836 s 836:836 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 26 dep follows 819:825 arg1 NaNO3 851:855 R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 828:855 NaNO3 851:855 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 26 dep follows 819:825 arg1 s 879:879 s 879:879 s 879:879 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 26 dep follows 819:825 arg1 R-COOH 859:864 R-COOH 859:864 R-COOH 859:864 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 26 dep follows 819:825 arg1 g 846:846 g 846:846 g 846:846 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 0 27 theme Gas-Phase 52:60 arg1 Acid 69:72 Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 52:72 Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 52:72 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 1 28 contain has 168:170 arg2 composition 198:208 a size-dependent, complex composition 172:208 a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds 172:278 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 1 28 contain has 168:170 arg1 SSA 163:165 SSA 163:165 SSA 163:165 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 1 28 contain has 168:170 arg1 aerosol 154:160 sea spray aerosol 144:160 sea spray aerosol (SSA) 144:166 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 3 29 theme biological 573:582 arg1 components 584:593 the biological components 569:593 the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 569:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 5 30 theme types 1021:1025 arg1 variety 1004:1010 a variety 1002:1010 a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well 1002:1056 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 5 30 theme types 1021:1025 arg1 types 1021:1025 other types 1015:1025 other types of atmospheric aerosol as well 1015:1056 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 5 31 theme sea 971:973 arg1 aerosol 981:987 sea spray aerosol 971:987 sea spray aerosol 971:987 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 2 32 theme reactive 444:451 arg1 sites 453:457 different reactive sites 434:457 different reactive sites 434:457 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 2 33 theme other 407:411 arg1 components 413:422 these other components 401:422 these other components 401:422 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 4 34 theme → 849:849 arg1 NaNO3 851:855 R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 828:855 NaNO3 851:855 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 34 theme → 849:849 arg1 g 846:846 g 846:846 g 846:846 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 5 35 theme spray 975:979 arg1 aerosol 981:987 sea spray aerosol 971:987 sea spray aerosol 971:987 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 2 36 dep have 429:432 arg1 will 424:427 will 424:427 will 424:427 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 2 37 theme reaction 463:470 arg1 pathways 472:479 reaction pathways 463:479 reaction pathways 463:479 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 5 38 theme atmospheric 1030:1040 arg1 aerosol 1042:1048 atmospheric aerosol 1030:1048 atmospheric aerosol 1030:1048 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 5 39 theme heterogeneous 936:948 arg1 pathway 950:956 a heterogeneous pathway 934:956 a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well 934:1056 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 5 39 theme heterogeneous 936:948 arg1 reactions 917:925 These reactions 911:925 These reactions 911:925 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 0 40 with Chemistry 14:22 arg1 Acid 69:72 Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 52:72 Gas-Phase Nitric Acid 52:72 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 5 41 theme aerosol 1042:1048 arg1 types 1021:1025 other types 1015:1025 other types of atmospheric aerosol as well 1015:1056 These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well. 27445084 3 42 theme heterogeneous 665:677 arg1 chemistry 679:687 heterogeneous chemistry 665:687 heterogeneous chemistry 665:687 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 3 43 theme spray 602:606 arg1 aerosol 608:614 sea spray aerosol 598:614 sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 598:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 3 44 theme aerosol 608:614 arg1 components 584:593 the biological components 569:593 the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 569:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 4 45 theme reactive 788:795 arg1 sites 797:801 the relevant reactive sites 775:801 the relevant reactive sites 775:801 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 45 theme reactive 788:795 arg1 Examples 743:750 Examples 743:750 Examples of these reactions 743:769 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 45 theme reactive 788:795 arg1 follows 819:825 follows 819:825 follows 819:825 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 4 45 theme reactive 788:795 arg1 reactions 761:769 these reactions 755:769 these reactions 755:769 Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. 27445084 0 46 theme Reactive 75:82 arg1 Sites 84:88 Reactive Sites 75:88 Reactive Sites 75:88 Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. 27445084 2 47 contain have 429:432 arg1 components 413:422 these other components 401:422 these other components 401:422 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 2 47 contain have 429:432 arg2 pathways 472:479 reaction pathways 463:479 reaction pathways 463:479 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 2 47 contain have 429:432 arg2 sites 453:457 different reactive sites 434:457 different reactive sites 434:457 This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. 27445084 1 48 dep size-dependent 174:187 arg1 complex 190:196 complex 190:196 complex 190:196 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 1 49 theme sea 144:146 arg1 SSA 163:165 SSA 163:165 SSA 163:165 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 1 49 theme sea 144:146 arg1 aerosol 154:160 sea spray aerosol 144:160 sea spray aerosol (SSA) 144:166 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 3 50 theme sea 598:600 arg1 aerosol 608:614 sea spray aerosol 598:614 sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule 598:740 In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. 27445084 1 51 theme spray 148:152 arg1 SSA 163:165 SSA 163:165 SSA 163:165 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 27445084 1 51 theme spray 148:152 arg1 aerosol 154:160 sea spray aerosol 144:160 sea spray aerosol (SSA) 144:166 Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. 26917383 0 0 theme effective 86:94 arg1 material 96:103 A simple, selective and effective material 62:103 composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging 51:130 Microcrystalline-cellulose and polypropylene based composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging. 26917383 6 1 theme packaging 749:757 arg1 feasibility 721:731 the feasibility 717:731 the feasibility of microwavable packaging 717:757 The crystal formation and its percentage were therefore estimated to be 50% and it can be predicted on the feasibility of microwavable packaging. 26917383 7 2 theme Morphological 760:772 arg1 properties 774:783 Morphological properties 760:783 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite 760:812 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite presented the good distribution and excellent uniformity. 26917383 4 3 theme mechanical 420:429 arg1 properties 431:440 Thermal and mechanical properties 408:440 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite 408:469 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite were superior depending on polypropylene matrix. 26917383 5 4 theme Crystallization 520:534 arg1 temperature 536:546 Crystallization temperature 520:546 Crystallization temperature 520:546 Crystallization temperature and compressive strength were estimated to be 130 °C and 5.5 MPa. 26917383 6 5 theme microwavable 736:747 arg1 packaging 749:757 microwavable packaging 736:757 microwavable packaging 736:757 The crystal formation and its percentage were therefore estimated to be 50% and it can be predicted on the feasibility of microwavable packaging. 26917383 3 6 theme anhydride 366:374 arg1 use 352:354 The use 348:354 The use of maleic anhydride 348:374 The use of maleic anhydride was employed as coupling agent. 26917383 3 6 theme anhydride 366:374 arg1 agent 401:405 coupling agent 392:405 coupling agent 392:405 The use of maleic anhydride was employed as coupling agent. 26917383 5 7 theme compressive 552:562 arg1 strength 564:571 compressive strength 552:571 compressive strength 552:571 Crystallization temperature and compressive strength were estimated to be 130 °C and 5.5 MPa. 26917383 1 8 theme active 188:193 arg1 composite 149:157 Cellulose based composite 133:157 Cellulose based composite 133:157 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 1 8 theme active 188:193 arg1 packaging 195:203 active packaging 188:203 active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties 188:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 0 9 theme microwavable 109:120 arg1 packaging 122:130 microwavable packaging 109:130 microwavable packaging 109:130 Microcrystalline-cellulose and polypropylene based composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging. 26917383 8 10 with composite 952:960 arg1 matrix 981:986 polypropylene matrix 967:986 polypropylene matrix 967:986 It was remarkable to note that cellulose derived from cotton can be prepared as composite with polypropylene matrix. 26917383 9 11 used used 999:1002 arg2 packaging 1007:1015 packaging 1007:1015 packaging 1007:1015 It can be used as packaging for microwave application. 26917383 9 11 used used 999:1002 arg2 It 989:990 It 989:990 It 989:990 It can be used as packaging for microwave application. 26917383 7 12 theme excellent 850:858 arg1 uniformity 860:869 excellent uniformity 850:869 excellent uniformity 850:869 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite presented the good distribution and excellent uniformity. 26917383 8 13 attach derived 913:919 arg2 cellulose 903:911 cellulose 903:911 cellulose derived from cotton 903:931 It was remarkable to note that cellulose derived from cotton can be prepared as composite with polypropylene matrix. 26917383 8 13 attach derived 913:919 arg1 cotton 926:931 cotton 926:931 cotton 926:931 It was remarkable to note that cellulose derived from cotton can be prepared as composite with polypropylene matrix. 26917383 8 13 attach derived 913:919 arg2 composite 952:960 composite 952:960 composite with polypropylene matrix 952:986 It was remarkable to note that cellulose derived from cotton can be prepared as composite with polypropylene matrix. 26917383 4 14 theme Thermal 408:414 arg1 properties 431:440 Thermal and mechanical properties 408:440 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite 408:469 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite were superior depending on polypropylene matrix. 26917383 1 15 theme additional 210:219 arg1 feature 221:227 additional feature 210:227 additional feature of microwavable properties 210:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 3 16 theme coupling 392:399 arg1 agent 401:405 coupling agent 392:405 coupling agent 392:405 The use of maleic anhydride was employed as coupling agent. 26917383 3 16 theme coupling 392:399 arg1 use 352:354 The use 348:354 The use of maleic anhydride 348:374 The use of maleic anhydride was employed as coupling agent. 26917383 2 17 theme polypropylene 326:338 arg1 matrix 340:345 polypropylene matrix 326:345 polypropylene matrix 326:345 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 2 18 from μm 291:292 arg1 diameter 297:304 diameter 297:304 diameter 297:304 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 2 19 with amount 263:268 arg1 μm 291:292 10 μm 288:292 10 μm in diameter 288:304 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 1 20 theme microwavable 232:243 arg1 properties 245:254 microwavable properties 232:254 microwavable properties 232:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 6 21 theme crystal 618:624 arg1 % 688:688 50% 686:688 50% 686:688 The crystal formation and its percentage were therefore estimated to be 50% and it can be predicted on the feasibility of microwavable packaging. 26917383 6 21 theme crystal 618:624 arg1 formation 626:634 The crystal formation 614:634 The crystal formation 614:634 The crystal formation and its percentage were therefore estimated to be 50% and it can be predicted on the feasibility of microwavable packaging. 26917383 7 22 theme good 828:831 arg1 distribution 833:844 the good distribution 824:844 the good distribution 824:844 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite presented the good distribution and excellent uniformity. 26917383 4 23 theme polypropylene 498:510 arg1 matrix 512:517 polypropylene matrix 498:517 polypropylene matrix 498:517 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite were superior depending on polypropylene matrix. 26917383 9 24 theme microwave 1021:1029 arg1 application 1031:1041 microwave application 1021:1041 microwave application 1021:1041 It can be used as packaging for microwave application. 26917383 1 25 theme properties 245:254 arg1 feature 221:227 additional feature 210:227 additional feature of microwavable properties 210:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 0 26 theme simple 64:69 arg1 material 96:103 A simple, selective and effective material 62:103 composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging 51:130 Microcrystalline-cellulose and polypropylene based composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging. 26917383 2 27 theme Small 257:261 arg1 amount 263:268 Small amount 257:268 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter 257:304 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 2 27 theme Small 257:261 arg1 cellulose 273:281 cellulose 273:281 cellulose 273:281 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 8 28 theme polypropylene 967:979 arg1 matrix 981:986 polypropylene matrix 967:986 polypropylene matrix 967:986 It was remarkable to note that cellulose derived from cotton can be prepared as composite with polypropylene matrix. 26917383 4 29 theme based 455:459 arg1 composite 461:469 cellulose based composite 445:469 cellulose based composite 445:469 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite were superior depending on polypropylene matrix. 26917383 0 30 dep composite 51:59 arg1 material 96:103 A simple, selective and effective material 62:103 composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging 51:130 Microcrystalline-cellulose and polypropylene based composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging. 26917383 1 31 theme Cellulose 133:141 arg1 composite 149:157 Cellulose based composite 133:157 Cellulose based composite 133:157 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 1 31 theme Cellulose 133:141 arg1 packaging 195:203 active packaging 188:203 active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties 188:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 4 32 theme cellulose 445:453 arg1 composite 461:469 cellulose based composite 445:469 cellulose based composite 445:469 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite were superior depending on polypropylene matrix. 26917383 1 33 theme based 143:147 arg1 composite 149:157 Cellulose based composite 133:157 Cellulose based composite 133:157 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 1 33 theme based 143:147 arg1 packaging 195:203 active packaging 188:203 active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties 188:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 7 34 theme based 798:802 arg1 composite 804:812 cellulose based composite 788:812 cellulose based composite 788:812 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite presented the good distribution and excellent uniformity. 26917383 1 35 with packaging 195:203 arg1 feature 221:227 additional feature 210:227 additional feature of microwavable properties 210:254 Cellulose based composite was successfully designed as active packaging with additional feature of microwavable properties. 26917383 7 36 theme composite 804:812 arg1 properties 774:783 Morphological properties 760:783 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite 760:812 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite presented the good distribution and excellent uniformity. 26917383 0 37 theme selective 72:80 arg1 material 96:103 A simple, selective and effective material 62:103 composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging 51:130 Microcrystalline-cellulose and polypropylene based composite: A simple, selective and effective material for microwavable packaging. 26917383 4 38 theme composite 461:469 arg1 properties 431:440 Thermal and mechanical properties 408:440 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite 408:469 Thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose based composite were superior depending on polypropylene matrix. 26917383 3 39 theme maleic 359:364 arg1 anhydride 366:374 maleic anhydride 359:374 maleic anhydride 359:374 The use of maleic anhydride was employed as coupling agent. 26917383 2 40 theme cellulose 273:281 arg1 amount 263:268 Small amount 257:268 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter 257:304 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 2 40 theme cellulose 273:281 arg1 cellulose 273:281 cellulose 273:281 cellulose 273:281 Small amount of cellulose with 10 μm in diameter was integrated into polypropylene matrix. 26917383 7 41 theme cellulose 788:796 arg1 composite 804:812 cellulose based composite 788:812 cellulose based composite 788:812 Morphological properties of cellulose based composite presented the good distribution and excellent uniformity. 28827808 0 0 theme storage 74:80 arg1 roots 82:86 sweetpotato storage roots 62:86 sweetpotato storage roots 62:86 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 8 1 theme Xinxiang 1058:1065 arg1 " 1066:1066 "Xinxiang" 1057:1066 "Xinxiang" 1057:1066 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 4 2 contain have 734:737 arg1 cooking 599:605 cooking 599:605 cooking 599:605 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 4 2 contain have 734:737 arg2 influence 751:759 significant influence 739:759 significant influence 739:759 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 0 3 theme sweetpotato 62:72 arg1 roots 82:86 sweetpotato storage roots 62:86 sweetpotato storage roots 62:86 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 8 4 theme Sugar 1005:1009 arg1 analysis 1023:1030 Sugar composition analysis 1005:1030 Sugar composition analysis 1005:1030 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 3 5 dep cultivars 342:350 arg1 " 361:361 Xinxiang" 353:361 Xinxiang" 353:361 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 5 dep cultivars 342:350 arg1 " 370:370 "Jinyu" 364:370 "Jinyu" 364:370 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 5 dep cultivars 342:350 arg1 " 397:397 "Yuzishu 263" 385:397 "Yuzishu 263" 385:397 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 5 dep cultivars 342:350 arg1 " 379:379 "Zimei" 373:379 "Zimei" 373:379 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 1 6 theme high 154:157 arg1 yield 159:163 high yield 154:163 high yield 154:163 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 starch 30:35 starch 30:35 starch 30:35 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 47:57 sugar composition 41:57 sugar composition 41:57 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 4 8 theme sugar 680:684 arg1 content 686:692 reducing sugar content 671:692 reducing sugar content 671:692 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 8 9 dep cultivars 1047:1055 arg1 " 1078:1078 "Jinyu" 1072:1078 "Jinyu" 1072:1078 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 8 9 dep cultivars 1047:1055 arg1 " 1066:1066 "Xinxiang" 1057:1066 "Xinxiang" 1057:1066 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 0 10 theme roots 82:86 arg1 starch 30:35 starch 30:35 starch 30:35 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 0 10 theme roots 82:86 arg1 composition 47:57 sugar composition 41:57 sugar composition 41:57 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 4 11 theme reducing 671:678 arg1 content 686:692 reducing sugar content 671:692 reducing sugar content 671:692 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 7 12 contain contained 940:948 arg2 content 978:984 sugar content 972:984 sugar content 972:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 7 12 contain contained 940:948 arg2 amount 962:967 the highest amount 950:967 the highest amount of sugar content 950:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 7 12 contain contained 940:948 arg1 roots 923:927 Storage roots 915:927 Storage roots of "Jinyu" 915:938 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 6 13 theme starch 897:902 arg1 reduction 904:912 the least starch reduction 887:912 the least starch reduction 887:912 Baking led to the least starch reduction. 28827808 3 14 theme sweetpotato 306:316 arg1 roots 326:330 sweetpotato storage roots 306:330 sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" 306:397 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 15 from cultivars 342:350 arg1 roots 326:330 sweetpotato storage roots 306:330 sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" 306:397 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 8 16 theme Jinyu 1073:1077 arg1 " 1078:1078 "Jinyu" 1072:1078 "Jinyu" 1072:1078 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 2 17 theme sugar 246:250 arg1 components 252:261 sugar components 246:261 sugar components 246:261 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 3 18 theme storage 318:324 arg1 roots 326:330 sweetpotato storage roots 306:330 sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" 306:397 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 5 19 theme cooking 856:862 arg1 methods 864:870 three cooking methods 850:870 three cooking methods 850:870 These effects were different among the four cultivars and three cooking methods. 28827808 3 20 theme Zimei 374:378 arg1 " 379:379 "Zimei" 373:379 "Zimei" 373:379 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 4 21 theme sugar 777:781 arg1 content 783:789 non-reducing sugar content 764:789 non-reducing sugar content 764:789 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 3 22 theme starch 474:479 arg1 content 481:487 starch content 474:487 starch content 474:487 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 2 23 from effects 205:211 arg1 components 252:261 sugar components 246:261 sugar components 246:261 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 2 23 from effects 205:211 arg1 starch 235:240 starch 235:240 starch 235:240 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 3 24 theme Xinxiang 353:360 arg1 " 361:361 Xinxiang" 353:361 Xinxiang" 353:361 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 6 25 theme least 891:895 arg1 reduction 904:912 the least starch reduction 887:912 the least starch reduction 887:912 Baking led to the least starch reduction. 28827808 4 26 theme non-reducing 764:775 arg1 content 783:789 non-reducing sugar content 764:789 non-reducing sugar content 764:789 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 4 27 theme amylase 640:646 arg1 activity 648:655 final amylase activity 634:655 final amylase activity 634:655 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 0 28 theme methods 19:25 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 0:87 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 3 29 theme sugar 511:515 arg1 contents 517:524 sugar contents 511:524 sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose 511:573 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 29 theme sugar 511:515 arg1 sucrose 555:561 sucrose 555:561 sucrose 555:561 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 29 theme sugar 511:515 arg1 fructose 545:552 fructose 545:552 fructose 545:552 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 29 theme sugar 511:515 arg1 maltose 567:573 maltose 567:573 maltose 567:573 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 29 theme sugar 511:515 arg1 glucose 536:542 glucose 536:542 glucose 536:542 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 7 30 theme sugar 972:976 arg1 content 978:984 sugar content 972:984 sugar content 972:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 2 31 theme Chinese 272:278 arg1 cultivars 280:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 0 32 theme cooking 11:17 arg1 methods 19:25 cooking methods 11:25 cooking methods 11:25 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 7 33 theme content 978:984 arg1 amount 962:967 the highest amount 950:967 the highest amount of sugar content 950:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 7 33 theme content 978:984 arg1 content 978:984 sugar content 972:984 sugar content 972:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 2 34 theme elite 266:270 arg1 cultivars 280:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 2 35 from starch 235:240 arg1 cultivars 280:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 3 36 theme Yuzishu 386:392 arg1 " 397:397 "Yuzishu 263" 385:397 "Yuzishu 263" 385:397 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 3 37 theme Jinyu 365:369 arg1 " 370:370 "Jinyu" 364:370 "Jinyu" 364:370 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 1 38 contain has 101:103 arg2 yield 159:163 high yield 154:163 high yield 154:163 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 1 38 contain has 101:103 arg2 adaptability 137:148 good ecological adaptability 121:148 good ecological adaptability 121:148 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 1 38 contain has 101:103 arg1 Sweetpotato 89:99 Sweetpotato 89:99 Sweetpotato 89:99 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 1 38 contain has 101:103 arg2 nutrition 110:118 rich nutrition 105:118 rich nutrition 105:118 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 9 39 theme useful 1137:1142 arg1 information 1144:1154 useful information 1137:1154 useful information for evaluating the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars 1137:1214 This study may provide useful information for evaluating the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars. 28827808 8 40 theme high-maltose 1090:1101 arg1 cultivars 1103:1111 high-maltose cultivars 1090:1111 high-maltose cultivars 1090:1111 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 0 41 theme sugar 41:45 arg1 composition 47:57 sugar composition 41:57 sugar composition 41:57 Effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar composition of sweetpotato storage roots. 28827808 8 42 theme composition 1011:1021 arg1 analysis 1023:1030 Sugar composition analysis 1005:1030 Sugar composition analysis 1005:1030 Sugar composition analysis suggested that cultivars "Xinxiang" and "Jinyu" belong to high-maltose cultivars. 28827808 4 43 theme significant 739:749 arg1 influence 751:759 significant influence 739:759 significant influence 739:759 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 7 44 theme Jinyu 933:937 arg1 " 938:938 "Jinyu" 932:938 "Jinyu" 932:938 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 1 45 theme rich 105:108 arg1 nutrition 110:118 rich nutrition 105:118 rich nutrition 105:118 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 9 46 theme cultivars 1206:1214 arg1 quality 1183:1189 the cooking quality 1171:1189 the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars 1171:1214 This study may provide useful information for evaluating the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars. 28827808 7 47 theme highest 954:960 arg1 amount 962:967 the highest amount 950:967 the highest amount of sugar content 950:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 7 47 theme highest 954:960 arg1 content 978:984 sugar content 972:984 sugar content 972:984 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 2 48 theme knowledge 185:193 arg1 lack 177:180 a lack 175:180 a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars 175:288 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 3 49 theme amylase 490:496 arg1 activity 498:505 amylase activity 490:505 amylase activity 490:505 In this study, sweetpotato storage roots from four cultivars "Xinxiang", "Jinyu", "Zimei" and "Yuzishu 263" were treated by baking, boiling and steaming and subsequently analyzed for starch content, amylase activity and sugar contents including glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. 28827808 4 50 theme starch 615:620 arg1 content 622:628 starch content 615:628 starch content 615:628 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 7 51 theme " 938:938 arg1 roots 923:927 Storage roots 915:927 Storage roots of "Jinyu" 915:938 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 4 52 theme final 634:638 arg1 activity 648:655 final amylase activity 634:655 final amylase activity 634:655 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 4 53 theme maltose 705:711 arg1 content 713:719 maltose content 705:719 maltose content 705:719 Results indicated that cooking reduced starch content and final amylase activity and increased reducing sugar content especially maltose content, but did not have significant influence on non-reducing sugar content. 28827808 1 54 theme good 121:124 arg1 adaptability 137:148 good ecological adaptability 121:148 good ecological adaptability 121:148 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 9 55 theme cooking 1175:1181 arg1 quality 1183:1189 the cooking quality 1171:1189 the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars 1171:1214 This study may provide useful information for evaluating the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars. 28827808 2 56 theme methods 224:230 arg1 effects 205:211 the effects 201:211 the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars 201:288 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 7 57 theme Storage 915:921 arg1 roots 923:927 Storage roots 915:927 Storage roots of "Jinyu" 915:938 Storage roots of "Jinyu" contained the highest amount of sugar content and thus sweetest. 28827808 1 58 theme ecological 126:135 arg1 adaptability 137:148 good ecological adaptability 121:148 good ecological adaptability 121:148 Sweetpotato has rich nutrition, good ecological adaptability and high yield. 28827808 2 59 from components 252:261 arg1 cultivars 280:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 elite Chinese cultivars 266:288 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 28827808 9 60 theme sweetpotato 1194:1204 arg1 cultivars 1206:1214 sweetpotato cultivars 1194:1214 sweetpotato cultivars 1194:1214 This study may provide useful information for evaluating the cooking quality of sweetpotato cultivars. 28827808 2 61 theme cooking 216:222 arg1 methods 224:230 cooking methods 216:230 cooking methods 216:230 There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of cooking methods on starch and sugar components in elite Chinese cultivars. 25286306 0 0 theme liquid 107:112 arg1 composite 114:122 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite 80:122 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite 80:122 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite. 25286306 7 1 theme satisfactory 985:996 arg1 results 998:1004 satisfactory results 985:1004 satisfactory results 985:1004 It was used to determine real samples with satisfactory results. 25286306 1 2 theme cellulose/ionic 186:200 arg1 film 219:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film 175:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix 175:234 A novel immunosensor for α-1-fetoprotein based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix has been developed. 25286306 0 3 theme cellulose/ionic 91:105 arg1 composite 114:122 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite 80:122 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite 80:122 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite. 25286306 7 4 theme real 967:970 arg1 samples 972:978 real samples 967:978 real samples with satisfactory results 967:1004 It was used to determine real samples with satisfactory results. 25286306 1 5 theme liquid 202:207 arg1 film 219:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film 175:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix 175:234 A novel immunosensor for α-1-fetoprotein based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix has been developed. 25286306 3 6 theme one-step 406:413 arg1 method 415:420 a one-step method 404:420 a one-step method 404:420 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 5 7 with 60ngml 806:811 arg1 limit 834:838 a detection limit 822:838 a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3) 822:871 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 6 8 theme good 904:907 arg1 specificity 909:919 good specificity 904:919 good specificity 904:919 The proposed immunosensor had good specificity and reproducibility. 25286306 2 9 theme dialdehyde 332:341 arg1 cellulose 343:351 dialdehyde cellulose 332:351 dialdehyde cellulose 332:351 Microcrystalline cellulose was activated by sodium metaperiodate to produce dialdehyde cellulose. 25286306 4 10 theme electrochemical 710:724 arg1 signal 726:731 the electrochemical signal 706:731 the electrochemical signal 706:731 Moreover, ionic liquid added can improve the conductivity of the sensing interface and, therefore, can enhance the electrochemical signal. 25286306 1 11 theme composite 209:217 arg1 film 219:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film 175:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix 175:234 A novel immunosensor for α-1-fetoprotein based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix has been developed. 25286306 6 12 theme proposed 878:885 arg1 immunosensor 887:898 The proposed immunosensor 874:898 The proposed immunosensor 874:898 The proposed immunosensor had good specificity and reproducibility. 25286306 0 13 theme α-1-fetoprotein 42:56 arg1 immunosensor 58:69 α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor 42:69 α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor 42:69 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite. 25286306 5 14 theme detection 824:832 arg1 limit 834:838 a detection limit 822:838 a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3) 822:871 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 3 15 theme dialdehyde 473:482 arg1 cellulose 484:492 dialdehyde cellulose 473:492 dialdehyde cellulose 473:492 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 0 16 theme One-step 0:7 arg1 immobilization 9:22 One-step immobilization 0:22 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor 0:69 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite. 25286306 3 17 theme cellulose 484:492 arg1 groups 463:468 the aldehyde groups 450:468 the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose 450:492 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 17 theme cellulose 484:492 arg1 cellulose 484:492 dialdehyde cellulose 473:492 dialdehyde cellulose 473:492 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 0 18 theme antibodies 27:36 arg1 immobilization 9:22 One-step immobilization 0:22 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor 0:69 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite. 25286306 3 19 with bonding 439:445 arg1 groups 509:514 the amino groups 499:514 the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required 499:592 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 19 with bonding 439:445 arg1 antibodies 519:528 antibodies 519:528 antibodies 519:528 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 5 20 theme 0.07ngml 843:850 arg1 limit 834:838 a detection limit 822:838 a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3) 822:871 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 3 21 theme covalent 430:437 arg1 bonding 439:445 covalent bonding 430:445 covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required 430:592 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 1 22 theme novel 127:131 arg1 immunosensor 133:144 A novel immunosensor 125:144 A novel immunosensor for α-1-fetoprotein based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix 125:234 A novel immunosensor for α-1-fetoprotein based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix has been developed. 25286306 7 23 used used 949:952 arg2 It 942:943 It 942:943 It 942:943 It was used to determine real samples with satisfactory results. 25286306 3 24 theme antibodies 519:528 arg1 groups 509:514 the amino groups 499:514 the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required 499:592 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 24 theme antibodies 519:528 arg1 antibodies 519:528 antibodies 519:528 antibodies 519:528 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 25 theme groups 463:468 arg1 bonding 439:445 covalent bonding 430:445 covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required 430:592 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 26 theme amino 503:507 arg1 groups 509:514 the amino groups 499:514 the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required 499:592 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 26 theme amino 503:507 arg1 antibodies 519:528 antibodies 519:528 antibodies 519:528 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 4 27 dep improve 628:634 arg1 enhance 698:704 enhance 698:704 can enhance the electrochemical signal 694:731 Moreover, ionic liquid added can improve the conductivity of the sensing interface and, therefore, can enhance the electrochemical signal. 25286306 6 28 contain had 900:902 arg1 immunosensor 887:898 The proposed immunosensor 874:898 The proposed immunosensor 874:898 The proposed immunosensor had good specificity and reproducibility. 25286306 6 28 contain had 900:902 arg2 reproducibility 925:939 reproducibility 925:939 reproducibility 925:939 The proposed immunosensor had good specificity and reproducibility. 25286306 6 28 contain had 900:902 arg2 specificity 909:919 good specificity 904:919 good specificity 904:919 The proposed immunosensor had good specificity and reproducibility. 25286306 3 29 theme additional 543:552 arg1 cross-linking 563:575 no additional chemical cross-linking 540:575 no additional chemical cross-linking step 540:580 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 2 30 theme Microcrystalline 256:271 arg1 cellulose 273:281 Microcrystalline cellulose 256:281 Microcrystalline cellulose 256:281 Microcrystalline cellulose was activated by sodium metaperiodate to produce dialdehyde cellulose. 25286306 3 31 theme aldehyde 454:461 arg1 groups 463:468 the aldehyde groups 450:468 the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose 450:492 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 31 theme aldehyde 454:461 arg1 cellulose 484:492 dialdehyde cellulose 473:492 dialdehyde cellulose 473:492 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 3 32 theme chemical 554:561 arg1 cross-linking 563:575 no additional chemical cross-linking 540:575 no additional chemical cross-linking step 540:580 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 7 33 with samples 972:978 arg1 results 998:1004 satisfactory results 985:1004 satisfactory results 985:1004 It was used to determine real samples with satisfactory results. 25286306 2 34 theme sodium 300:305 arg1 metaperiodate 307:319 sodium metaperiodate 300:319 sodium metaperiodate 300:319 Microcrystalline cellulose was activated by sodium metaperiodate to produce dialdehyde cellulose. 25286306 0 35 theme dialdehyde 80:89 arg1 composite 114:122 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite 80:122 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite 80:122 One-step immobilization of antibodies for α-1-fetoprotein immunosensor based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite. 25286306 5 36 from 0.1 799:801 arg1 range 788:792 the range 784:792 the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3) 784:871 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 5 37 located detected 768:775 arg2 α-1-fetoprotein 748:762 α-1-fetoprotein 748:762 α-1-fetoprotein 748:762 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 5 37 located detected 768:775 arg1 range 788:792 the range 784:792 the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3) 784:871 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 5 37 located detected 768:775 arg1 work 742:745 this work 737:745 this work 737:745 In this work, α-1-fetoprotein was detected within the range from 0.1 to 60ngml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.07ngml(-1) (signal/noise=3). 25286306 3 38 theme cross-linking 563:575 arg1 step 577:580 no additional chemical cross-linking step 540:580 no additional chemical cross-linking step 540:580 Antibodies can be immobilized on the electrode by a one-step method through covalent bonding of the aldehyde groups of dialdehyde cellulose with the amino groups of antibodies, in which no additional chemical cross-linking step is required. 25286306 4 39 theme interface 668:676 arg1 conductivity 640:651 the conductivity 636:651 the conductivity of the sensing interface 636:676 Moreover, ionic liquid added can improve the conductivity of the sensing interface and, therefore, can enhance the electrochemical signal. 25286306 1 40 theme dialdehyde 175:184 arg1 film 219:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film 175:222 dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix 175:234 A novel immunosensor for α-1-fetoprotein based on dialdehyde cellulose/ionic liquid composite film as a matrix has been developed. 25286306 4 41 theme sensing 660:666 arg1 interface 668:676 the sensing interface 656:676 the sensing interface 656:676 Moreover, ionic liquid added can improve the conductivity of the sensing interface and, therefore, can enhance the electrochemical signal. 28486755 4 0 theme stem 626:629 arg1 cells 631:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells 608:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow 608:652 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 1 theme cells 1904:1908 arg1 combination 1884:1894 an efficient combination 1871:1894 an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading 1871:1957 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 10 2 theme scaffold 1627:1634 arg1 resistance 1609:1618 increased mechanical resistance 1588:1618 increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold 1588:1634 Hap seemed to drive cells to a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype and increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold. 28486755 10 2 theme scaffold 1627:1634 arg1 phenotype 1574:1582 a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype 1546:1582 a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype 1546:1582 Hap seemed to drive cells to a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype and increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold. 28486755 2 3 theme factors 303:309 arg1 implantation 259:270 implantation 259:270 implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes 259:325 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 4 4 theme single 864:869 arg1 scaffold 871:878 a single scaffold 862:878 a single scaffold 862:878 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 5 theme stratified 1711:1720 arg1 biosubstitute 1722:1734 a stratified biosubstitute 1709:1734 a stratified biosubstitute 1709:1734 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 1 6 theme promising 177:185 arg1 approach 187:194 a promising approach 175:194 a promising approach for articular cartilage repair 175:225 Scaffolds laden with stem cells are a promising approach for articular cartilage repair. 28486755 1 6 theme promising 177:185 arg1 Scaffolds 139:147 Scaffolds 139:147 Scaffolds laden with stem cells 139:169 Scaffolds laden with stem cells are a promising approach for articular cartilage repair. 28486755 4 7 theme acid 698:701 arg1 gel 736:738 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel 669:738 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 669:818 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 5 8 theme stratified 906:915 arg1 scaffolds 917:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds 881:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds 881:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds were cultured for 28 days and cell viability and differentiation were assessed. 28486755 7 9 theme plane-strain 1130:1141 arg1 tests 1155:1159 plane-strain compression tests 1130:1159 plane-strain compression tests 1130:1159 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds were investigated by plane-strain compression tests. 28486755 2 10 theme existing 369:376 arg1 strategies 378:387 no existing strategies 366:387 no existing strategies 366:387 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 1 11 theme cartilage 210:218 arg1 repair 220:225 articular cartilage repair 200:225 articular cartilage repair 200:225 Scaffolds laden with stem cells are a promising approach for articular cartilage repair. 28486755 7 12 theme mechanical 1060:1069 arg1 behaviour 1071:1079 The mechanical behaviour 1056:1079 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds 1056:1107 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds were investigated by plane-strain compression tests. 28486755 11 13 theme defects 1852:1858 arg1 depths 1833:1838 all depths 1829:1838 all depths of chondral defects 1829:1858 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 7 14 theme scaffolds 1099:1107 arg1 behaviour 1071:1079 The mechanical behaviour 1056:1079 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds 1056:1107 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds were investigated by plane-strain compression tests. 28486755 2 15 theme artificial 275:284 arg1 matrices 286:293 artificial matrices 275:293 artificial matrices 275:293 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 5 16 theme cell 957:960 arg1 viability 962:970 cell viability 957:970 cell viability 957:970 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds were cultured for 28 days and cell viability and differentiation were assessed. 28486755 3 17 theme study 498:502 arg1 purpose 482:488 The purpose 478:488 The purpose of this study 478:502 The purpose of this study was to adapt a spraying method for stratified cartilage engineering and to stimulate the biosubstitute. 28486755 1 18 theme stem 160:163 arg1 cells 165:169 stem cells 160:169 stem cells 160:169 Scaffolds laden with stem cells are a promising approach for articular cartilage repair. 28486755 0 19 theme cells 76:80 arg1 differentiation 82:96 cells differentiation 76:96 cells differentiation 76:96 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 4 20 theme hypertrophic 764:775 arg1 differentiation 804:818 hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 764:818 hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 764:818 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 9 21 theme extracellular 1361:1373 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 4 22 theme bone 799:802 arg1 differentiation 804:818 hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 764:818 hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 764:818 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 23 theme mechanical 1940:1949 arg1 loading 1951:1957 mechanical loading 1940:1957 mechanical loading 1940:1957 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 0 24 theme three-dimensional 103:119 arg1 scaffold 129:136 a three-dimensional layered scaffold 101:136 a three-dimensional layered scaffold 101:136 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 11 25 theme compositions 1923:1934 arg1 combination 1884:1894 an efficient combination 1871:1894 an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading 1871:1957 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 0 26 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 stimulations 11:22 Mechanical stimulations 0:22 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 2 27 theme cartilage 455:463 arg1 environment 465:475 the cartilage environment 451:475 the cartilage environment 451:475 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 11 28 theme stem 1766:1769 arg1 cells 1771:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells 1748:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects 1748:1858 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 4 29 theme different 838:846 arg1 layers 848:853 different layers 838:853 different layers within a single scaffold 838:878 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 9 30 theme more 1487:1490 arg1 X 1501:1501 more collagen X 1487:1501 more collagen X 1487:1501 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 0 31 theme bone 33:36 arg1 cells 62:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 11 32 theme human 1748:1752 arg1 cells 1771:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells 1748:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects 1748:1858 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 11 33 theme mechanical 1652:1661 arg1 stimulations 1663:1674 mechanical stimulations 1652:1674 mechanical stimulations 1652:1674 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 0 34 theme mesenchymal 45:55 arg1 cells 62:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 10 35 theme hypertrophic 1548:1559 arg1 phenotype 1574:1582 a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype 1546:1582 a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype 1546:1582 Hap seemed to drive cells to a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype and increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold. 28486755 4 36 theme bone 642:645 arg1 marrow 647:652 bone marrow 642:652 bone marrow 642:652 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 3 37 theme stratified 539:548 arg1 engineering 560:570 stratified cartilage engineering 539:570 stratified cartilage engineering 539:570 The purpose of this study was to adapt a spraying method for stratified cartilage engineering and to stimulate the biosubstitute. 28486755 9 38 theme collagen 1492:1499 arg1 X 1501:1501 more collagen X 1487:1501 more collagen X 1487:1501 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 10 39 theme increased 1588:1596 arg1 resistance 1609:1618 increased mechanical resistance 1588:1618 increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold 1588:1634 Hap seemed to drive cells to a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype and increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold. 28486755 11 40 theme stem 1899:1902 arg1 cells 1904:1908 stem cells 1899:1908 stem cells 1899:1908 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 4 41 theme mesenchymal 614:624 arg1 cells 631:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells 608:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow 608:652 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 9 42 theme cell 1244:1247 arg1 differentiation 1249:1263 cell differentiation 1244:1263 cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment 1244:1294 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 9 43 theme Alg/Hap 1473:1479 arg1 layer 1481:1485 the Alg/Hap layer 1469:1485 the Alg/Hap layer 1469:1485 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 8 44 theme cell 1218:1221 arg1 viability 1223:1231 cell viability 1218:1231 cell viability 1218:1231 Results showed that the spraying process did not affect cell viability. 28486755 2 45 theme growth 296:301 arg1 factors 303:309 growth factors 296:309 growth factors 296:309 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 5 46 theme Homogeneous 881:891 arg1 scaffolds 917:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds 881:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds 881:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds were cultured for 28 days and cell viability and differentiation were assessed. 28486755 9 47 located detected 1507:1514 arg2 X 1501:1501 more collagen X 1487:1501 more collagen X 1487:1501 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 9 47 located detected 1507:1514 arg1 layer 1481:1485 the Alg/Hap layer 1469:1485 the Alg/Hap layer 1469:1485 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 4 48 theme Alg 682:684 arg1 HA 704:705 HA 704:705 HA 704:705 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 4 48 theme Alg 682:684 arg1 acid 698:701 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid 669:701 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) 669:706 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 49 theme biosubstitute 1722:1734 arg1 production 1695:1704 the production 1691:1704 the production 1691:1704 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 7 50 theme compression 1143:1153 arg1 tests 1155:1159 plane-strain compression tests 1130:1159 plane-strain compression tests 1130:1159 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds were investigated by plane-strain compression tests. 28486755 2 51 theme cartilage 341:349 arg1 formation 351:359 cartilage formation 341:359 cartilage formation 341:359 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 5 52 theme composite 896:904 arg1 scaffolds 917:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds 881:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds 881:925 Homogeneous or composite stratified scaffolds were cultured for 28 days and cell viability and differentiation were assessed. 28486755 6 53 theme heterogeneous 1011:1023 arg1 scaffold 1025:1032 The heterogeneous scaffold 1007:1032 The heterogeneous scaffold 1007:1032 The heterogeneous scaffold was stimulated daily. 28486755 4 54 theme /hyaluronic 686:696 arg1 HA 704:705 HA 704:705 HA 704:705 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 4 54 theme /hyaluronic 686:696 arg1 acid 698:701 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid 669:701 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) 669:706 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 55 theme chondral 1843:1850 arg1 defects 1852:1858 chondral defects 1843:1858 chondral defects 1843:1858 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 1 56 theme articular 200:208 arg1 repair 220:225 articular cartilage repair 200:225 articular cartilage repair 200:225 Scaffolds laden with stem cells are a promising approach for articular cartilage repair. 28486755 4 57 theme alginate 672:679 arg1 HA 704:705 HA 704:705 HA 704:705 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 4 57 theme alginate 672:679 arg1 acid 698:701 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid 669:701 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) 669:706 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 7 58 theme stratified 1088:1097 arg1 scaffolds 1099:1107 the stratified scaffolds 1084:1107 the stratified scaffolds 1084:1107 The mechanical behaviour of the stratified scaffolds were investigated by plane-strain compression tests. 28486755 4 59 theme Alg/hydroxyapatite 711:728 arg1 gel 736:738 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel 669:738 an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 669:818 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 2 60 theme matrices 286:293 arg1 implantation 259:270 implantation 259:270 implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes 259:325 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 4 61 from marrow 647:652 arg1 cells 631:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells 608:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow 608:652 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 62 from marrow 1787:1792 arg1 cells 1771:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells 1748:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects 1748:1858 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 0 63 from stimulations 11:22 arg1 cells 62:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 9 64 located observed 1452:1459 arg2 matrix 1375:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 9 64 located observed 1452:1459 arg1 layer 1331:1335 the layer 1327:1335 the layer with Alg/HA 1327:1347 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 9 65 theme specific 1352:1359 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 2 66 theme chondrocytes 314:325 arg1 implantation 259:270 implantation 259:270 implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes 259:325 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 9 67 with layer 1331:1335 arg1 Alg/HA 1342:1347 Alg/HA 1342:1347 Alg/HA 1342:1347 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 11 68 theme efficient 1874:1882 arg1 combination 1884:1894 an efficient combination 1871:1894 an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading 1871:1957 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 0 69 theme layered 121:127 arg1 scaffold 129:136 a three-dimensional layered scaffold 101:136 a three-dimensional layered scaffold 101:136 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 4 70 theme cartilage/subchondral 777:797 arg1 differentiation 804:818 hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 764:818 hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation 764:818 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 71 theme loading 1951:1957 arg1 combination 1884:1894 an efficient combination 1871:1894 an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading 1871:1957 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 9 72 theme cartilage 1385:1393 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 a specific extracellular matrix 1350:1380 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 0 73 theme human 27:31 arg1 cells 62:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 4 74 theme Human 608:612 arg1 cells 631:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells 608:635 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow 608:652 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 11 75 theme mesenchymal 1754:1764 arg1 cells 1771:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells 1748:1775 human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects 1748:1858 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 4 76 theme direct 743:748 arg1 cartilage 750:758 direct cartilage 743:758 direct cartilage 743:758 Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow were seeded in an alginate (Alg)/hyaluronic acid (HA) or Alg/hydroxyapatite (Hap) gel to direct cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage/subchondral bone differentiation, respectively, in different layers within a single scaffold. 28486755 2 77 theme mechanical 395:404 arg1 stimulation 406:416 mechanical stimulation 395:416 mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds 395:440 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 0 78 theme marrow 38:43 arg1 cells 62:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 0 79 theme stem 57:60 arg1 cells 62:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 27:66 Mechanical stimulations on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance cells differentiation in a three-dimensional layered scaffold. 28486755 9 80 theme type 1431:1434 arg1 collagen 1439:1446 type II collagen 1431:1446 type II collagen 1431:1446 Moreover, cell differentiation driven by the microenvironment was increased with loading: in the layer with Alg/HA, a specific extracellular matrix of cartilage, composed of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was observed, and in the Alg/Hap layer more collagen X was detected. 28486755 2 81 from stimulation 406:416 arg1 scaffolds 432:440 stratified scaffolds 421:440 stratified scaffolds 421:440 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 10 82 theme chondrocytic 1561:1572 arg1 phenotype 1574:1582 a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype 1546:1582 a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype 1546:1582 Hap seemed to drive cells to a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype and increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold. 28486755 11 83 theme bone 1782:1785 arg1 marrow 1787:1792 bone marrow 1782:1792 bone marrow 1782:1792 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28486755 3 84 theme spraying 519:526 arg1 method 528:533 a spraying method 517:533 a spraying method for stratified cartilage engineering 517:570 The purpose of this study was to adapt a spraying method for stratified cartilage engineering and to stimulate the biosubstitute. 28486755 8 85 theme spraying 1186:1193 arg1 process 1195:1201 the spraying process 1182:1201 the spraying process 1182:1201 Results showed that the spraying process did not affect cell viability. 28486755 3 86 theme cartilage 550:558 arg1 engineering 560:570 stratified cartilage engineering 539:570 stratified cartilage engineering 539:570 The purpose of this study was to adapt a spraying method for stratified cartilage engineering and to stimulate the biosubstitute. 28486755 2 87 theme stratified 421:430 arg1 scaffolds 432:440 stratified scaffolds 421:440 stratified scaffolds 421:440 Investigations have shown that implantation of artificial matrices, growth factors or chondrocytes can stimulate cartilage formation, but no existing strategies apply mechanical stimulation on stratified scaffolds to mimic the cartilage environment. 28486755 10 88 theme mechanical 1598:1607 arg1 resistance 1609:1618 increased mechanical resistance 1588:1618 increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold 1588:1634 Hap seemed to drive cells to a hypertrophic chondrocytic phenotype and increased mechanical resistance of the scaffold. 28486755 11 89 theme biomaterial 1911:1921 arg1 compositions 1923:1934 biomaterial compositions 1911:1934 biomaterial compositions 1911:1934 In conclusion, mechanical stimulations will allow for the production of a stratified biosubstitute, laden with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, which is capable in vivo to mimic all depths of chondral defects, thanks to an efficient combination of stem cells, biomaterial compositions and mechanical loading. 28113038 9 0 from evidence 1450:1457 arg1 nuclei 1526:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 6 1 theme central 904:910 arg1 area 953:956 a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area 902:956 a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area 902:956 Nuclei were characterized by marked karyomegaly and chromatin margination around a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area. 28113038 7 2 theme intranuclear 963:974 arg1 sensitive 1071:1079 sensitive 1071:1079 sensitive 1071:1079 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 7 2 theme intranuclear 963:974 arg1 inclusions/pseudoinclusions 976:1002 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 959:1002 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 959:1002 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 7 3 with positive 1012:1019 arg1 PAS 1048:1050 PAS 1048:1050 PAS 1048:1050 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 7 3 with positive 1012:1019 arg1 acid-Schiff 1035:1045 periodic acid-Schiff 1026:1045 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) 1026:1051 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 4 4 theme routine 400:406 arg1 histopathology 408:421 routine histopathology 400:421 routine histopathology 400:421 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 12 5 from inclusions 1908:1917 arg1 cells 1938:1942 canine parietal cells 1922:1942 canine parietal cells 1922:1942 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 13 6 theme pathologic 2035:2044 arg1 conditions 2046:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 9 7 with staining 1547:1554 arg1 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 9 8 from nuclei 1526:1531 arg1 evidence 1450:1457 evidence 1450:1457 evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP 1450:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 8 9 theme PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive 1116:1146 arg1 sections 1148:1155 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections 1108:1155 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections 1108:1155 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 13 10 theme nuclear 1996:2002 arg1 glycogen 2004:2011 nuclear glycogen 1996:2011 nuclear glycogen 1996:2011 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 4 11 from dogs 492:495 arg1 samples 461:467 samples 461:467 samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 461:595 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 10 12 theme glycogen 1622:1629 arg1 deposits 1631:1638 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits 1607:1638 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits 1607:1638 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits were observed, suggesting that the intranuclear glycogen inclusions were probably synthesized in loco. 28113038 4 13 theme inclusions/pseudoinclusions 365:391 arg1 observations 341:352 initial observations 333:352 initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology 333:421 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 5 14 theme intranuclear 747:758 arg1 inclusions/pseudoinclusions 760:786 intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 747:786 intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 747:786 In 24 of 108 cases (22%), the authors observed various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions within scattered parietal cells. 28113038 13 15 from present 2016:2022 arg1 conditions 2046:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 9 16 from invaginations 1479:1491 arg1 nuclei 1526:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 3 17 theme inclusions 284:293 arg1 reports 256:262 no reports 253:262 no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 253:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 4 18 theme mucosa 480:485 arg1 samples 461:467 samples 461:467 samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 461:595 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 13 19 from conditions 2046:2055 arg1 present 2016:2022 present 2016:2022 present 2016:2022 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 7 20 with consistent 1082:1091 arg1 glycogen 1098:1105 glycogen 1098:1105 glycogen 1098:1105 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 3 21 theme nuclear 267:273 arg1 inclusions 284:293 nuclear glycogen inclusions 267:293 nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 267:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 9 22 theme nuclear 1462:1468 arg1 invaginations 1479:1491 nuclear membrane invaginations 1462:1491 nuclear membrane invaginations 1462:1491 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 1 23 theme normal 138:143 arg1 tissues 162:168 normal human and animal tissues 138:168 normal human and animal tissues 138:168 Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. 28113038 12 24 theme incidental 1956:1965 arg1 finding 1967:1973 an incidental finding 1953:1973 an incidental finding 1953:1973 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 12 24 theme incidental 1956:1965 arg1 inclusions 1908:1917 nuclear glycogen inclusions 1891:1917 nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 1891:1942 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 9 25 theme invaginations 1479:1491 arg1 evidence 1450:1457 evidence 1450:1457 evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP 1450:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 12 26 theme canine 1922:1927 arg1 cells 1938:1942 canine parietal cells 1922:1942 canine parietal cells 1922:1942 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 3 27 theme canine 298:303 arg1 cells 314:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 0 28 from Inclusions 17:26 arg1 Cells 47:51 Canine Parietal Cells 31:51 Canine Parietal Cells 31:51 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells. 28113038 9 29 with organelles 1508:1517 arg1 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 9 30 theme cytoplasmic 1496:1506 arg1 organelles 1508:1517 cytoplasmic organelles 1496:1517 cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei 1496:1531 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 3 31 from cells 314:318 arg1 reports 256:262 no reports 253:262 no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 253:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 5 32 theme parietal 805:812 arg1 cells 814:818 scattered parietal cells 795:818 scattered parietal cells 795:818 In 24 of 108 cases (22%), the authors observed various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions within scattered parietal cells. 28113038 8 33 theme transmission 1182:1193 arg1 microscopy 1204:1213 transmission electron microscopy 1182:1213 transmission electron microscopy 1182:1213 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 1 34 theme glycogen 62:69 arg1 inclusions 71:80 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 54:80 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 54:80 Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. 28113038 12 35 theme nuclear 1891:1897 arg1 finding 1967:1973 an incidental finding 1953:1973 an incidental finding 1953:1973 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 12 35 theme nuclear 1891:1897 arg1 inclusions 1908:1917 nuclear glycogen inclusions 1891:1917 nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 1891:1942 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 10 36 theme intranuclear 1675:1686 arg1 inclusions 1697:1706 the intranuclear glycogen inclusions 1671:1706 the intranuclear glycogen inclusions 1671:1706 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits were observed, suggesting that the intranuclear glycogen inclusions were probably synthesized in loco. 28113038 0 37 theme Nuclear 0:6 arg1 Inclusions 17:26 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions 0:26 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells 0:51 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells. 28113038 13 38 attach present 2016:2022 arg2 glycogen 2004:2011 nuclear glycogen 1996:2011 nuclear glycogen 1996:2011 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 13 38 attach present 2016:2022 arg1 conditions 2046:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 9 39 theme electron-dense 1387:1400 arg1 particles 1402:1410 electron-dense particles 1387:1410 electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition 1387:1604 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 9 40 theme staining 1547:1554 arg1 evidence 1450:1457 evidence 1450:1457 evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP 1450:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 8 41 theme periodic 1227:1234 arg1 staining 1290:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 0 42 theme Canine 31:36 arg1 Cells 47:51 Canine Parietal Cells 31:51 Canine Parietal Cells 31:51 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells. 28113038 8 43 theme proteinate 1267:1276 arg1 staining 1290:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 8 44 theme PA-TCH-SP 1279:1287 arg1 staining 1290:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 4 45 theme inclusions/pseudoinclusions 569:595 arg1 presence 544:551 the presence 540:551 the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 540:595 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 6 46 theme chromatin 873:881 arg1 margination 883:893 chromatin margination 873:893 chromatin margination 873:893 Nuclei were characterized by marked karyomegaly and chromatin margination around a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area. 28113038 11 47 theme Helicobacter-like 1825:1841 arg1 organisms 1843:1851 Helicobacter-like organisms 1825:1851 Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05) 1825:1862 Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). 28113038 11 47 theme Helicobacter-like 1825:1841 arg1 > 1857:1857 P > .05 1855:1861 P > .05 1855:1861 Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). 28113038 9 48 theme glycogen 1585:1592 arg1 composition 1594:1604 a glycogen composition 1583:1604 a glycogen composition 1583:1604 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 6 49 theme empty 922:926 arg1 area 953:956 a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area 902:956 a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area 902:956 Nuclei were characterized by marked karyomegaly and chromatin margination around a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area. 28113038 7 50 theme periodic 1026:1033 arg1 PAS 1048:1050 PAS 1048:1050 PAS 1048:1050 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 7 50 theme periodic 1026:1033 arg1 acid-Schiff 1035:1045 periodic acid-Schiff 1026:1045 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) 1026:1051 The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. 28113038 3 51 from inclusions 284:293 arg1 cells 314:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 13 52 theme further 2058:2064 arg1 investigations 2066:2079 further investigations 2058:2079 further investigations 2058:2079 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 4 53 theme histologic 636:645 arg1 methods 672:678 histologic and electron-microscopic methods 636:678 histologic and electron-microscopic methods 636:678 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 3 54 from reports 256:262 arg1 cells 314:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 8 55 theme Several 1108:1114 arg1 sections 1148:1155 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections 1108:1155 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections 1108:1155 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 4 56 theme electron-microscopic 651:670 arg1 methods 672:678 histologic and electron-microscopic methods 636:678 histologic and electron-microscopic methods 636:678 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 13 57 theme several 2027:2033 arg1 conditions 2046:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 11 58 theme glycogen 1751:1758 arg1 inclusions 1760:1769 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 1743:1769 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 1743:1769 Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). 28113038 4 59 theme nuclear 357:363 arg1 inclusions/pseudoinclusions 365:391 nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 357:391 nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology 357:421 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 13 60 located present 2016:2022 arg2 glycogen 2004:2011 nuclear glycogen 1996:2011 nuclear glycogen 1996:2011 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 13 60 located present 2016:2022 arg1 conditions 2046:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 several pathologic conditions 2027:2055 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 6 61 theme marked 850:855 arg1 karyomegaly 857:867 marked karyomegaly 850:867 marked karyomegaly 850:867 Nuclei were characterized by marked karyomegaly and chromatin margination around a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area. 28113038 4 62 theme gastric 472:478 arg1 mucosa 480:485 gastric mucosa 472:485 gastric mucosa 472:485 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 5 63 theme inclusions/pseudoinclusions 760:786 arg1 numbers 736:742 various numbers 728:742 various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 728:786 In 24 of 108 cases (22%), the authors observed various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions within scattered parietal cells. 28113038 9 64 from organelles 1508:1517 arg1 nuclei 1526:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 10 65 theme cytoplasmic 1610:1620 arg1 deposits 1631:1638 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits 1607:1638 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits 1607:1638 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits were observed, suggesting that the intranuclear glycogen inclusions were probably synthesized in loco. 28113038 5 66 theme various 728:734 arg1 numbers 736:742 various numbers 728:742 various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 728:786 In 24 of 108 cases (22%), the authors observed various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions within scattered parietal cells. 28113038 3 67 theme glycogen 275:282 arg1 inclusions 284:293 nuclear glycogen inclusions 267:293 nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 267:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 9 68 theme membrane 1470:1477 arg1 invaginations 1479:1491 nuclear membrane invaginations 1462:1491 nuclear membrane invaginations 1462:1491 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 1 69 theme human 145:149 arg1 tissues 162:168 normal human and animal tissues 138:168 normal human and animal tissues 138:168 Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. 28113038 11 70 theme Nuclear 1743:1749 arg1 inclusions 1760:1769 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 1743:1769 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 1743:1769 Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). 28113038 1 71 theme animal 155:160 arg1 tissues 162:168 normal human and animal tissues 138:168 normal human and animal tissues 138:168 Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. 28113038 3 72 theme parietal 305:312 arg1 cells 314:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 canine parietal cells 298:318 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. 28113038 9 73 with invaginations 1479:1491 arg1 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 PA-TCH-SP 1561:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 5 74 theme scattered 795:803 arg1 cells 814:818 scattered parietal cells 795:818 scattered parietal cells 795:818 In 24 of 108 cases (22%), the authors observed various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions within scattered parietal cells. 28113038 9 75 theme organelles 1508:1517 arg1 evidence 1450:1457 evidence 1450:1457 evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP 1450:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 8 76 theme electron 1195:1202 arg1 microscopy 1204:1213 transmission electron microscopy 1182:1213 transmission electron microscopy 1182:1213 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 1 77 theme Nuclear 54:60 arg1 inclusions 71:80 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 54:80 Nuclear glycogen inclusions 54:80 Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. 28113038 12 78 theme parietal 1929:1936 arg1 cells 1938:1942 canine parietal cells 1922:1942 canine parietal cells 1922:1942 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 9 79 from staining 1547:1554 arg1 nuclei 1526:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 the nuclei 1522:1531 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 4 80 theme gastrointestinal 513:528 arg1 signs 530:534 gastrointestinal signs 513:534 gastrointestinal signs 513:534 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 10 81 theme glycogen 1688:1695 arg1 inclusions 1697:1706 the intranuclear glycogen inclusions 1671:1706 the intranuclear glycogen inclusions 1671:1706 No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits were observed, suggesting that the intranuclear glycogen inclusions were probably synthesized in loco. 28113038 13 82 theme true 2119:2122 arg1 significance 2124:2135 their true significance 2113:2135 their true significance 2113:2135 Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance. 28113038 0 83 theme Glycogen 8:15 arg1 Inclusions 17:26 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions 0:26 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells 0:51 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells. 28113038 12 84 theme glycogen 1899:1906 arg1 finding 1967:1973 an incidental finding 1953:1973 an incidental finding 1953:1973 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 12 84 theme glycogen 1899:1906 arg1 inclusions 1908:1917 nuclear glycogen inclusions 1891:1917 nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells 1891:1942 Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. 28113038 9 85 theme positive 1538:1545 arg1 staining 1547:1554 positive staining 1538:1554 positive staining with PA-TCH-SP 1538:1569 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 8 86 theme acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver 1236:1265 arg1 staining 1290:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining 1227:1297 Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. 28113038 1 87 theme pathologic 104:113 arg1 conditions 115:124 pathologic conditions 104:124 pathologic conditions 104:124 Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. 28113038 0 88 theme Parietal 38:45 arg1 Cells 47:51 Canine Parietal Cells 31:51 Canine Parietal Cells 31:51 Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells. 28113038 4 89 theme intranuclear 556:567 arg1 inclusions/pseudoinclusions 569:595 intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 556:595 intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions 556:595 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 6 90 theme eosinophilic 940:951 arg1 area 953:956 a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area 902:956 a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area 902:956 Nuclei were characterized by marked karyomegaly and chromatin margination around a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area. 28113038 4 91 theme initial 333:339 arg1 observations 341:352 initial observations 333:352 initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology 333:421 After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. 28113038 9 92 theme nuclear 1351:1357 arg1 inclusions 1359:1368 the nuclear inclusions 1347:1368 the nuclear inclusions 1347:1368 Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. 28113038 11 93 theme P 1855:1855 arg1 organisms 1843:1851 Helicobacter-like organisms 1825:1851 Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05) 1825:1862 Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). 28113038 11 93 theme P 1855:1855 arg1 > 1857:1857 P > .05 1855:1861 P > .05 1855:1861 Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). 27059921 4 0 theme humidity 1068:1075 arg1 condition 1077:1085 the highest relative humidity condition 1047:1085 the highest relative humidity condition 1047:1085 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 7 1 contain containing 1343:1352 arg2 isomers 1370:1376 the isomers 1366:1376 the isomers 1366:1376 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 7 1 contain containing 1343:1352 arg2 one 1359:1361 one 1359:1361 one 1359:1361 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 7 1 contain containing 1343:1352 arg1 mixture 1335:1341 the mixture 1331:1341 the mixture containing only one of the isomers 1331:1376 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 1 2 theme oral 154:157 arg1 forms 166:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 4 3 theme relative 1059:1066 arg1 condition 1077:1085 the highest relative humidity condition 1047:1085 the highest relative humidity condition 1047:1085 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 8 4 contain containing 1417:1426 arg2 ratio 1434:1438 a 1:1 ratio 1428:1438 a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers 1428:1463 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 8 4 contain containing 1417:1426 arg1 mixture 1409:1415 A mixture 1407:1415 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers 1407:1463 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 5 5 theme identifiable 1157:1168 arg1 properties 1182:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 1 6 theme dosage 159:164 arg1 forms 166:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 4 7 theme amorphous 843:851 arg1 form 853:856 the amorphous form 839:856 the amorphous form 839:856 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 5 8 theme diastereomer 1119:1130 arg1 mixtures 1132:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures 1088:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures 1088:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 1 9 theme PURPOSE 66:72 arg1 alcohol 93:99 a sugar alcohol 85:99 a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms 85:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 1 9 theme PURPOSE 66:72 arg1 Isomalt 74:80 PURPOSE Isomalt 66:80 PURPOSE Isomalt 66:80 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 3 10 theme thermogravimetric 593:609 arg1 analysis 611:618 thermogravimetric analysis 593:618 thermogravimetric analysis 593:618 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 4 11 theme RESULTS 789:795 arg1 Isomalt 797:803 RESULTS Isomalt 789:803 RESULTS Isomalt 789:803 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 3 12 theme humidity 768:775 arg1 conditions 777:786 three different relative humidity conditions 743:786 three different relative humidity conditions 743:786 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 8 13 from stability 1490:1498 arg1 form 1517:1520 the amorphous form 1503:1520 the amorphous form 1503:1520 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 3 14 dep infrared 507:514 arg1 Fourier-transform 489:505 Fourier-transform 489:505 Fourier-transform 489:505 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 15 theme infrared 507:514 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy 489:537 Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy 489:537 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 16 theme METHODS 328:334 arg1 Isomalt 336:342 METHODS Isomalt 328:342 METHODS Isomalt 328:342 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 8 17 theme diastereomers 1451:1463 arg1 ratio 1434:1438 a 1:1 ratio 1428:1438 a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers 1428:1463 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 6 18 theme CONCLUSIONS 1194:1204 arg1 Isomalt 1206:1212 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt 1194:1212 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt 1194:1212 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt was shown to be a suitable excipient for freeze-drying. 27059921 6 18 theme CONCLUSIONS 1194:1204 arg1 excipient 1241:1249 a suitable excipient 1230:1249 a suitable excipient for freeze-drying 1230:1267 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt was shown to be a suitable excipient for freeze-drying. 27059921 3 19 theme different 749:757 arg1 conditions 777:786 three different relative humidity conditions 743:786 three different relative humidity conditions 743:786 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 20 theme diastereomer 379:390 arg1 compositions 392:403 four different diastereomer compositions 364:403 four different diastereomer compositions 364:403 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 7 21 theme diastereomers 1298:1310 arg1 mixture 1283:1289 Preferably a mixture 1270:1289 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers 1270:1310 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 3 22 theme different 369:377 arg1 compositions 392:403 four different diastereomer compositions 364:403 four different diastereomer compositions 364:403 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 23 theme relative 759:766 arg1 humidity 768:775 relative humidity 759:775 three different relative humidity conditions 743:786 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 7 24 used used 1322:1325 arg2 mixture 1283:1289 Preferably a mixture 1270:1289 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers 1270:1310 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 1 25 theme sugar 87:91 arg1 alcohol 93:99 a sugar alcohol 85:99 a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms 85:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 1 25 theme sugar 87:91 arg1 Isomalt 74:80 PURPOSE Isomalt 66:80 PURPOSE Isomalt 66:80 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 7 26 theme isomers 1370:1376 arg1 one 1359:1361 one 1359:1361 one 1359:1361 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 7 26 theme isomers 1370:1376 arg1 isomers 1370:1376 the isomers 1366:1376 the isomers 1366:1376 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 0 27 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 Stability 9:17 Physical Stability 0:17 Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer 0:54 Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer Mixtures. 27059921 2 28 theme isomalt 295:301 arg1 behavior 283:290 the behavior 279:290 the behavior of isomalt 279:301 The potential of isomalt as a novel freeze-drying excipient was studied in order to increase knowledge of the behavior of isomalt when it is freeze-dried. 27059921 0 29 theme Freeze-Dried 22:33 arg1 Diastereomer 43:54 Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer 22:54 Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer 22:54 Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer Mixtures. 27059921 1 30 from excipient 112:120 arg1 forms 166:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 8 31 theme physical 1481:1488 arg1 stability 1490:1498 the best physical stability 1472:1498 the best physical stability in the amorphous form 1472:1520 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 5 32 theme different 1097:1105 arg1 mixtures 1132:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures 1088:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures 1088:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 5 33 theme state 1176:1180 arg1 properties 1182:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 2 34 theme behavior 283:290 arg1 knowledge 266:274 knowledge 266:274 knowledge of the behavior of isomalt 266:301 The potential of isomalt as a novel freeze-drying excipient was studied in order to increase knowledge of the behavior of isomalt when it is freeze-dried. 27059921 1 35 theme available 138:146 arg1 forms 166:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 0 36 theme Diastereomer 43:54 arg1 Stability 9:17 Physical Stability 0:17 Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer 0:54 Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer Mixtures. 27059921 6 37 theme suitable 1232:1239 arg1 Isomalt 1206:1212 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt 1194:1212 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt 1194:1212 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt was shown to be a suitable excipient for freeze-drying. 27059921 6 37 theme suitable 1232:1239 arg1 excipient 1241:1249 a suitable excipient 1230:1249 a suitable excipient for freeze-drying 1230:1267 CONCLUSIONS Isomalt was shown to be a suitable excipient for freeze-drying. 27059921 4 38 theme physical 1011:1018 arg1 instability 1020:1030 physical instability 1011:1030 physical instability 1011:1030 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 4 39 dep transformed 822:832 arg1 showed 995:1000 showed 995:1000 showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition 995:1085 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 3 40 theme differential 454:465 arg1 calorimetry 476:486 differential scanning calorimetry 454:486 differential scanning calorimetry 454:486 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 0 41 theme Isomalt 35:41 arg1 Diastereomer 43:54 Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer 22:54 Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer 22:54 Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt Diastereomer Mixtures. 27059921 3 42 theme physical 413:420 arg1 stability 422:430 its physical stability 409:430 its physical stability 409:430 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 43 theme isomalt 663:669 arg1 form 655:658 the solid state form 639:658 the solid state form of isomalt 639:669 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 5 44 theme crystalline 1107:1117 arg1 mixtures 1132:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures 1088:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures 1088:1139 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 3 45 theme scanning 467:474 arg1 calorimetry 476:486 differential scanning calorimetry 454:486 differential scanning calorimetry 454:486 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 4 46 theme diastereomer 887:898 arg1 combinations 900:911 three diastereomer combinations 881:911 three diastereomer combinations 881:911 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 2 47 theme freeze-drying 209:221 arg1 excipient 223:231 a novel freeze-drying excipient 201:231 a novel freeze-drying excipient 201:231 The potential of isomalt as a novel freeze-drying excipient was studied in order to increase knowledge of the behavior of isomalt when it is freeze-dried. 27059921 8 48 theme amorphous 1507:1515 arg1 form 1517:1520 the amorphous form 1503:1520 the amorphous form 1503:1520 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 4 49 dep relative 1059:1066 arg1 highest 1051:1057 highest 1051:1057 highest 1051:1057 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 8 50 theme 1:1 1430:1432 arg1 ratio 1434:1438 a 1:1 ratio 1428:1438 a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers 1428:1463 A mixture containing a 1:1 ratio of the two diastereomers showed the best physical stability in the amorphous form. 27059921 2 51 theme novel 203:207 arg1 excipient 223:231 a novel freeze-drying excipient 201:231 a novel freeze-drying excipient 201:231 The potential of isomalt as a novel freeze-drying excipient was studied in order to increase knowledge of the behavior of isomalt when it is freeze-dried. 27059921 3 52 theme Raman 520:524 arg1 spectroscopy 526:537 Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy 489:537 Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy 489:537 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 4 53 theme compositions 982:993 arg1 compositions 982:993 the diastereomer compositions 965:993 the diastereomer compositions 965:993 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 4 53 theme compositions 982:993 arg1 one 958:960 one 958:960 one 958:960 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 5 54 theme specific 1148:1155 arg1 properties 1182:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 4 55 theme diastereomer 969:980 arg1 compositions 982:993 the diastereomer compositions 965:993 the diastereomer compositions 965:993 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 27059921 2 56 theme isomalt 190:196 arg1 potential 177:185 The potential 173:185 The potential of isomalt as a novel freeze-drying excipient 173:231 The potential of isomalt as a novel freeze-drying excipient was studied in order to increase knowledge of the behavior of isomalt when it is freeze-dried. 27059921 3 57 theme Karl-Fischer 566:577 arg1 titration 579:587 Karl-Fischer titration 566:587 Karl-Fischer titration 566:587 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 1 58 theme solid 148:152 arg1 forms 166:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 commercially available solid oral dosage forms 125:170 PURPOSE Isomalt is a sugar alcohol used as an excipient in commercially available solid oral dosage forms. 27059921 5 59 theme solid 1170:1174 arg1 properties 1182:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 specific identifiable solid state properties 1148:1191 The four different crystalline diastereomer mixtures showed specific identifiable solid state properties. 27059921 3 60 theme solid 643:647 arg1 form 655:658 the solid state form 639:658 the solid state form of isomalt 639:669 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 61 theme X-ray 540:544 arg1 diffraction 553:563 X-ray powder diffraction 540:563 X-ray powder diffraction 540:563 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 62 theme state 649:653 arg1 form 655:658 the solid state form 639:658 the solid state form of isomalt 639:669 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 3 63 theme powder 546:551 arg1 diffraction 553:563 X-ray powder diffraction 540:563 X-ray powder diffraction 540:563 METHODS Isomalt was freeze-dried in four different diastereomer compositions and its physical stability was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Karl-Fischer titration and thermogravimetric analysis in order to verify the solid state form of isomalt after freeze-drying and observe any changes occurring during storage in three different relative humidity conditions. 27059921 7 64 theme physical 1385:1392 arg1 instability 1394:1404 physical instability 1385:1404 physical instability 1385:1404 Preferably a mixture of the diastereomers should be used, as the mixture containing only one of the isomers showed physical instability. 27059921 4 65 theme instability 1020:1030 arg1 signs 1002:1006 signs 1002:1006 signs of physical instability 1002:1030 RESULTS Isomalt was successfully transformed into the amorphous form with freeze-drying and three diastereomer combinations remained stable as amorphous during storage; one of the diastereomer compositions showed signs of physical instability when stored in the highest relative humidity condition. 24752201 2 0 theme papermaking 290:300 arg1 process 302:308 a papermaking process 288:308 a papermaking process 288:308 Here the production of nanofiltration membranes made from nanocellulose by applying a papermaking process is demonstrated. 24752201 1 1 contain have 71:74 arg1 nice 63:66 nice 63:66 nice 63:66 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 1 1 contain have 71:74 arg2 membrane 110:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane 76:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper 76:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 1 2 theme producing 187:195 arg1 resources 139:147 renewable resources 129:147 renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper 129:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 1 2 theme producing 187:195 arg1 paper 197:201 producing paper 187:201 producing paper 187:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 3 3 theme nanopapers 346:355 arg1 Manufacture 327:337 Manufacture 327:337 Manufacture of the nanopapers 327:355 Manufacture of the nanopapers was enabled by inducing flocculation of nanofibrils upon addition of trivalent ions. 24752201 3 4 theme trivalent 426:434 arg1 ions 436:439 trivalent ions 426:439 trivalent ions 426:439 Manufacture of the nanopapers was enabled by inducing flocculation of nanofibrils upon addition of trivalent ions. 24752201 3 5 theme ions 436:439 arg1 addition 414:421 addition 414:421 addition of trivalent ions 414:439 Manufacture of the nanopapers was enabled by inducing flocculation of nanofibrils upon addition of trivalent ions. 24752201 3 6 theme nanofibrils 397:407 arg1 flocculation 381:392 flocculation 381:392 flocculation of nanofibrils 381:407 Manufacture of the nanopapers was enabled by inducing flocculation of nanofibrils upon addition of trivalent ions. 24752201 1 7 theme solvent 87:93 arg1 membrane 110:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane 76:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper 76:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 2 8 theme membranes 242:250 arg1 production 213:222 the production 209:222 the production of nanofiltration membranes made from nanocellulose by applying a papermaking process 209:308 Here the production of nanofiltration membranes made from nanocellulose by applying a papermaking process is demonstrated. 24752201 1 9 theme renewable 129:137 arg1 resources 139:147 renewable resources 129:147 renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper 129:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 1 9 theme renewable 129:137 arg1 paper 197:201 producing paper 187:201 producing paper 187:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 0 10 theme solvent 23:29 arg1 nanofiltration 31:44 organic solvent nanofiltration 15:44 organic solvent nanofiltration 15:44 Nanopapers for organic solvent nanofiltration. 24752201 1 11 theme nanofiltration 95:108 arg1 membrane 110:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane 76:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper 76:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 2 12 theme nanofiltration 227:240 arg1 membranes 242:250 nanofiltration membranes 227:250 nanofiltration membranes 227:250 Here the production of nanofiltration membranes made from nanocellulose by applying a papermaking process is demonstrated. 24752201 1 13 theme organic 79:85 arg1 membrane 110:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane 76:117 an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper 76:201 Would it not be nice to have an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane made from renewable resources that can be manufactured as simply as producing paper? 24752201 0 14 theme organic 15:21 arg1 nanofiltration 31:44 organic solvent nanofiltration 15:44 organic solvent nanofiltration 15:44 Nanopapers for organic solvent nanofiltration. 26110766 4 0 theme 20 mg 506:510 arg1 film 522:525 a 20 mg composite film 504:525 a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 504:578 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 7 1 theme material 1017:1024 arg1 capability 992:1001 The threefold sensing capability 970:1001 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material 970:1024 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 1 2 theme pH-responsive 147:159 arg1 fluorophore 161:171 the pH-responsive fluorophore 143:171 the pH-responsive fluorophore 143:171 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 3 3 theme strong 328:333 arg1 hygroscopicity 346:359 The strong reversible hygroscopicity 324:359 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix 324:381 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 6 4 theme reversible 882:891 arg1 protonation 893:903 reversible protonation 882:903 reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence 882:967 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26110766 4 5 theme peak 592:595 arg1 output 597:602 a peak output 590:602 a peak output 590:602 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 3 6 theme agarose 368:374 arg1 matrix 376:381 the agarose matrix 364:381 the agarose matrix 364:381 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 7 7 theme elements 1101:1108 arg1 fabrication 1052:1062 the fabrication 1048:1062 the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics 1048:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 4 8 theme 25 μW kg 668:675 arg1 density 657:663 a power density 649:663 a power density of 25 μW kg(-1) 649:679 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 3 9 theme matrix 376:381 arg1 hygroscopicity 346:359 The strong reversible hygroscopicity 324:359 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix 324:381 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 4 10 theme piezoelectric 540:552 arg1 sensor 573:578 a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 538:578 a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 538:578 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 7 11 from fabrication 1052:1062 arg1 biomedicine 1113:1123 biomedicine 1113:1123 biomedicine 1113:1123 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 7 11 from fabrication 1052:1062 arg1 robotics 1134:1141 soft robotics 1129:1141 soft robotics 1129:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 5 12 theme chromophore 737:747 arg1 isomerization 716:728 isomerization 716:728 isomerization 716:728 Excitation with UV light triggers isomerization of the chromophore, which appears as reshaping by spiraling, bending, or twisting of the film. 26110766 7 13 theme actuating 1083:1091 arg1 elements 1101:1108 multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements 1067:1108 multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics 1067:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 1 14 theme smart 62:66 arg1 film 95:98 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film 60:98 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore 60:171 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 3 15 theme water 455:459 arg1 exchange 443:450 exchange 443:450 exchange of water with the surroundings 443:481 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 7 16 theme dynamic 1093:1099 arg1 elements 1101:1108 multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements 1067:1108 multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics 1067:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 1 17 theme acidochromic 68:79 arg1 film 95:98 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film 60:98 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore 60:171 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 6 18 theme fluorophore 912:922 arg1 protonation 893:903 reversible protonation 882:903 reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence 882:967 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26110766 7 19 used utilized 1035:1042 arg2 capability 992:1001 The threefold sensing capability 970:1001 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material 970:1024 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 1 20 theme agarose-based 81:93 arg1 film 95:98 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film 60:98 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore 60:171 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 0 21 theme Light- 0:5 arg1 Motion 28:33 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion 0:33 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film 0:57 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film. 26110766 7 22 theme multiresponsive 1067:1081 arg1 elements 1101:1108 multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements 1067:1108 multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics 1067:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 4 23 theme transducer 562:571 arg1 sensor 573:578 a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 538:578 a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 538:578 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 5 24 theme UV 698:699 arg1 light 701:705 UV light 698:705 UV light 698:705 Excitation with UV light triggers isomerization of the chromophore, which appears as reshaping by spiraling, bending, or twisting of the film. 26110766 2 25 theme mechanical 307:316 arg1 work 318:321 mechanical work 307:321 mechanical work 307:321 This film can simultaneously harness the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work. 26110766 3 26 theme swift 391:395 arg1 locomotion 397:406 swift locomotion 391:406 swift locomotion 391:406 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 6 27 from changes 935:941 arg1 fluorescence 956:967 fluorescence 956:967 fluorescence 956:967 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26110766 6 27 from changes 935:941 arg1 color 946:950 color 946:950 color 946:950 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26110766 1 28 theme 1,4-bis 105:111 arg1 benzene 132:138 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene 105:138 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene 105:138 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 7 29 from biomedicine 1113:1123 arg1 fabrication 1052:1062 the fabrication 1048:1062 the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics 1048:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 5 30 theme film 819:822 arg1 bending 791:797 bending 791:797 bending 791:797 Excitation with UV light triggers isomerization of the chromophore, which appears as reshaping by spiraling, bending, or twisting of the film. 26110766 5 30 theme film 819:822 arg1 twisting 803:810 twisting 803:810 twisting 803:810 Excitation with UV light triggers isomerization of the chromophore, which appears as reshaping by spiraling, bending, or twisting of the film. 26110766 5 30 theme film 819:822 arg1 spiraling 780:788 spiraling 780:788 spiraling 780:788 Excitation with UV light triggers isomerization of the chromophore, which appears as reshaping by spiraling, bending, or twisting of the film. 26110766 7 31 theme soft 1129:1132 arg1 robotics 1134:1141 soft robotics 1129:1141 soft robotics 1129:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 0 32 theme Humidity-Induced 11:26 arg1 Motion 28:33 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion 0:33 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film 0:57 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film. 26110766 6 33 theme rapid 929:933 arg1 changes 935:941 rapid changes 929:941 rapid changes in color and fluorescence 929:967 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26110766 4 34 theme power 651:655 arg1 density 657:663 a power density 649:663 a power density of 25 μW kg(-1) 649:679 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 0 35 theme Film 54:57 arg1 Motion 28:33 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion 0:33 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film 0:57 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film. 26110766 7 36 from elements 1101:1108 arg1 biomedicine 1113:1123 biomedicine 1113:1123 biomedicine 1113:1123 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 7 36 from elements 1101:1108 arg1 robotics 1134:1141 soft robotics 1129:1141 soft robotics 1129:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 3 37 with exchange 443:450 arg1 surroundings 470:481 the surroundings 466:481 the surroundings 466:481 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 2 38 theme chemical 228:235 arg1 potential 237:245 the chemical potential 224:245 the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work 224:321 This film can simultaneously harness the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work. 26110766 0 39 theme Acidochromic 41:52 arg1 Film 54:57 an Acidochromic Film 38:57 an Acidochromic Film 38:57 Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film. 26110766 4 40 theme bending 554:560 arg1 sensor 573:578 a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 538:578 a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 538:578 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 5 41 with Excitation 682:691 arg1 light 701:705 UV light 698:705 UV light 698:705 Excitation with UV light triggers isomerization of the chromophore, which appears as reshaping by spiraling, bending, or twisting of the film. 26110766 7 42 theme sensing 984:990 arg1 capability 992:1001 The threefold sensing capability 970:1001 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material 970:1024 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 1 43 theme para-hydroxystyryl 113:130 arg1 benzene 132:138 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene 105:138 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene 105:138 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 2 44 theme light 250:254 arg1 gradients 276:284 light and aerial humidity gradients 250:284 light and aerial humidity gradients 250:284 This film can simultaneously harness the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work. 26110766 7 45 theme smart 1011:1015 arg1 material 1017:1024 this smart material 1006:1024 this smart material 1006:1024 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 2 46 theme humidity 267:274 arg1 gradients 276:284 light and aerial humidity gradients 250:284 light and aerial humidity gradients 250:284 This film can simultaneously harness the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work. 26110766 7 47 from robotics 1134:1141 arg1 fabrication 1052:1062 the fabrication 1048:1062 the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics 1048:1141 The threefold sensing capability of this smart material could be utilized for the fabrication of multiresponsive actuating dynamic elements in biomedicine and soft robotics. 26110766 2 48 theme gradients 276:284 arg1 potential 237:245 the chemical potential 224:245 the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work 224:321 This film can simultaneously harness the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work. 26110766 2 49 theme aerial 260:265 arg1 gradients 276:284 light and aerial humidity gradients 250:284 light and aerial humidity gradients 250:284 This film can simultaneously harness the chemical potential of light and aerial humidity gradients to convert them into mechanical work. 26110766 6 50 with protonation 893:903 arg1 changes 935:941 rapid changes 929:941 rapid changes in color and fluorescence 929:967 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26110766 4 51 theme 80 mV 621:625 arg1 output 597:602 a peak output 590:602 a peak output 590:602 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 3 52 theme reversible 335:344 arg1 hygroscopicity 346:359 The strong reversible hygroscopicity 324:359 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix 324:381 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 3 53 theme mechanical 411:420 arg1 deformation 422:432 mechanical deformation 411:432 mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings 411:481 The strong reversible hygroscopicity of the agarose matrix induces swift locomotion by mechanical deformation owing to exchange of water with the surroundings. 26110766 4 54 theme composite 512:520 arg1 film 522:525 a 20 mg composite film 504:525 a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor 504:578 Driven by humidity, a 20 mg composite film coupled to a piezoelectric bending transducer sensor generates a peak output of approximately 80 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 25 μW kg(-1). 26110766 1 55 with film 95:98 arg1 benzene 132:138 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene 105:138 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene 105:138 A smart acidochromic agarose-based film with 1,4-bis(para-hydroxystyryl)benzene as the pH-responsive fluorophore was prepared. 26110766 6 56 from changes 855:861 arg1 pH value 870:877 the pH value 866:877 the pH value 866:877 The material also responds to changes in the pH value by reversible protonation of the fluorophore with rapid changes in color and fluorescence. 26313935 7 0 theme amplicon 1027:1034 arg1 sequencing 1036:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 7 1 theme rRNA 1017:1020 arg1 sequencing 1036:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 4 2 theme g/d 758:760 arg1 control 780:786 control 780:786 control 780:786 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 2 theme g/d 758:760 arg1 powder 772:777 8 g/d skim milk powder 756:777 8 g/d skim milk powder (control) 756:787 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 10 3 from research 1564:1571 arg1 pigs 1576:1579 pigs 1576:1579 pigs 1576:1579 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 4 4 theme milk 655:658 arg1 matrix 660:665 skim milk matrix 650:665 skim milk matrix 650:665 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 6 5 from activity 958:965 arg1 colon 985:989 colon 985:989 colon 985:989 Metabolic activity in the caecum and colon was measured by HPLC. 26313935 6 5 from activity 958:965 arg1 caecum 974:979 caecum 974:979 caecum 974:979 Metabolic activity in the caecum and colon was measured by HPLC. 26313935 3 6 theme Göttingen 542:550 arg1 minipigs 552:559 Göttingen minipigs 542:559 Göttingen minipigs 542:559 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 4 7 theme milk 767:770 arg1 control 780:786 control 780:786 control 780:786 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 7 theme milk 767:770 arg1 powder 772:777 8 g/d skim milk powder 756:777 8 g/d skim milk powder (control) 756:787 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 11 8 from study 1611:1615 arg1 Data 1582:1585 Data 1582:1585 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation 1582:1637 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 4 9 theme 8 692:692 arg1 g/d 694:696 g/d 694:696 g/d 694:696 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 9 10 theme killing 1334:1340 arg1 time 1326:1329 the time 1322:1329 the time of killing of animals 1322:1351 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 0 11 from microbiota 84:93 arg1 minipigs 108:115 Göttingen minipigs 98:115 Göttingen minipigs 98:115 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 4 12 dep diet 588:591 arg1 diet 679:682 probiotic diet 669:682 probiotic diet (PRO) 669:688 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 12 dep diet 588:591 arg1 diet 741:744 synbiotic diet 731:744 synbiotic diet (SYN) 731:750 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 12 dep diet 588:591 arg1 SYN 747:749 SYN 747:749 SYN 747:749 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 12 dep diet 588:591 arg1 PRO 685:687 PRO 685:687 PRO 685:687 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 9 13 theme animals 1345:1351 arg1 killing 1334:1340 killing 1334:1340 killing of animals 1334:1351 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 4 14 dep powder 627:632 arg1 CFU/g 641:645 1×109 CFU/g 635:645 1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix 635:665 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 11 15 theme food 1812:1815 arg1 applications 1817:1828 feed and food applications 1803:1828 feed and food applications 1803:1828 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 1 16 theme gut 133:135 arg1 microbiota 137:146 the gut microbiota 129:146 the gut microbiota 129:146 Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. 26313935 4 17 theme cross-sectional 802:816 arg1 design 824:829 a cross-sectional study design 800:829 a cross-sectional study design 800:829 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 2 18 dep thermophilum 335:346 arg1 RBL67 355:359 RBL67 355:359 RBL67 355:359 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 2 18 dep thermophilum 335:346 arg1 RBL67 348:352 RBL67 348:352 RBL67 348:352 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 11 19 theme in 1603:1604 arg1 study 1611:1615 this first in vivo study 1592:1615 this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation 1592:1637 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 3 20 theme minipigs 552:559 arg1 microbiota 528:537 the gut microbiota 520:537 the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs 520:559 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 9 21 theme Bifidobacterium 1375:1389 arg1 numbers 1391:1397 significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers 1354:1397 significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs 1354:1441 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 4 22 theme probiotic 669:677 arg1 diet 679:682 probiotic diet 669:682 probiotic diet (PRO) 669:688 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 22 theme probiotic 669:677 arg1 PRO 685:687 PRO 685:687 PRO 685:687 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 2 23 theme Several 250:256 arg1 studies 267:273 Several in vitro studies 250:273 Several in vitro studies 250:273 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 0 24 from Effect 0:5 arg1 microbiota 84:93 the gut microbiota 76:93 the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs 76:115 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 4 25 theme 8 720:720 arg1 g/d 722:724 g/d 722:724 g/d 722:724 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 26 theme probiotic 698:706 arg1 powder 708:713 8 g/d probiotic powder 692:713 8 g/d probiotic powder 692:713 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 0 27 theme Göttingen 98:106 arg1 minipigs 108:115 Göttingen minipigs 98:115 Göttingen minipigs 98:115 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 5 28 theme Faecal 832:837 arg1 compositions 861:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions 832:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions 832:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 11 29 theme feed 1803:1806 arg1 applications 1817:1828 feed and food applications 1803:1828 feed and food applications 1803:1828 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 7 30 theme pig 1101:1103 arg1 microbiota 1105:1114 pig microbiota 1101:1114 pig microbiota 1101:1114 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 9 31 theme SYN-fed 1426:1432 arg1 minipigs 1434:1441 SYN-fed minipigs 1426:1441 SYN-fed minipigs 1426:1441 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 4 32 theme g/d 694:696 arg1 powder 708:713 8 g/d probiotic powder 692:713 8 g/d probiotic powder 692:713 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 5 33 theme caecal 843:848 arg1 compositions 861:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions 832:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions 832:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 8 34 theme rRNA 1264:1267 arg1 content 1278:1284 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1252:1284 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1252:1284 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 0 35 theme Bifidobacterium 10:24 arg1 RBL67 39:43 Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 10:43 Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 10:43 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 11 36 theme gastrointestinal 1775:1790 arg1 tracts 1792:1797 gastrointestinal tracts 1775:1797 gastrointestinal tracts 1775:1797 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 8 37 theme content 1278:1284 arg1 numbers 1241:1247 numbers 1241:1247 numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1241:1284 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 10 38 theme suitable 1530:1537 arg1 model 1539:1543 a suitable model 1528:1543 a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs 1528:1579 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 10 38 theme suitable 1530:1537 arg1 minipig 1513:1519 the Göttingen minipig 1499:1519 the Göttingen minipig 1499:1519 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 2 39 dep in 258:259 arg1 vitro 261:265 vitro 261:265 vitro 261:265 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 0 40 theme RBL67 39:43 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 0:116 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 5 41 theme quantitative 930:941 arg1 PCR 943:945 quantitative PCR 930:945 quantitative PCR 930:945 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 6 42 theme Metabolic 948:956 arg1 activity 958:965 Metabolic activity 948:965 Metabolic activity in the caecum and colon 948:989 Metabolic activity in the caecum and colon was measured by HPLC. 26313935 11 43 theme symbiotic 1702:1710 arg1 strategy 1712:1719 a valuable symbiotic strategy 1691:1719 a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications 1691:1828 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 0 44 theme fructo-oligosaccharides 49:71 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 0:116 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 4 45 theme synbiotic 731:739 arg1 diet 741:744 synbiotic diet 731:744 synbiotic diet (SYN) 731:750 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 45 theme synbiotic 731:739 arg1 SYN 747:749 SYN 747:749 SYN 747:749 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 10 46 theme microbiota 1553:1562 arg1 research 1564:1571 gut microbiota research 1549:1571 gut microbiota research in pigs 1549:1579 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 5 47 theme 16S 911:913 arg1 genes 920:924 16S rRNA genes 911:924 16S rRNA genes 911:924 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 3 48 from impact 447:452 arg1 microbiota 528:537 the gut microbiota 520:537 the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs 520:559 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 2 49 theme anti-Salmonella 379:393 arg1 effects 395:401 its anti-Salmonella effects 375:401 its anti-Salmonella effects 375:401 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 1 50 theme host 244:247 arg1 mechanisms 226:235 the natural defence mechanisms 206:235 the natural defence mechanisms of the host 206:247 Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. 26313935 5 51 theme genes 920:924 arg1 pyrosequencing 893:906 pyrosequencing 893:906 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR 893:945 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 4 52 theme probiotic 617:625 arg1 powder 627:632 8 g/d probiotic powder 611:632 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) 611:666 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 7 53 theme gene 1022:1025 arg1 sequencing 1036:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 4 54 theme basal 582:586 arg1 diet 588:591 a basal diet 580:591 a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)) 580:689 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 7 55 theme 16S 1013:1015 arg1 sequencing 1036:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 1013:1045 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 2 56 theme probiotic 296:304 arg1 potential 306:314 the probiotic potential 292:314 the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects 292:401 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 9 57 from numbers 1391:1397 arg1 colon 1417:1421 colon 1417:1421 colon 1417:1421 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 9 57 from numbers 1391:1397 arg1 caecum 1406:1411 caecum 1406:1411 caecum 1406:1411 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 1 58 theme common 179:184 arg1 strategy 186:193 a common strategy 177:193 a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host 177:247 Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. 26313935 4 59 theme skim 650:653 arg1 milk 655:658 skim milk 650:658 skim milk matrix 650:665 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 2 60 theme thermophilum 335:346 arg1 potential 306:314 the probiotic potential 292:314 the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects 292:401 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 7 61 theme minipig 1061:1067 arg1 faeces 1069:1074 minipig faeces 1061:1074 minipig faeces 1061:1074 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 4 62 theme skim 762:765 arg1 control 780:786 control 780:786 control 780:786 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 62 theme skim 762:765 arg1 powder 772:777 8 g/d skim milk powder 756:777 8 g/d skim milk powder (control) 756:787 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 63 from CFU/g 641:645 arg1 matrix 660:665 skim milk matrix 650:665 skim milk matrix 650:665 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 4 64 theme study 818:822 arg1 design 824:829 a cross-sectional study design 800:829 a cross-sectional study design 800:829 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 8 65 theme killing 1158:1164 arg1 time 1150:1153 the time 1146:1153 the time of killing of animals 1146:1175 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 1 66 theme defence 218:224 arg1 mechanisms 226:235 the natural defence mechanisms 206:235 the natural defence mechanisms of the host 206:247 Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. 26313935 8 67 theme animals 1169:1175 arg1 killing 1158:1164 killing 1158:1164 killing of animals 1158:1175 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 9 68 theme higher 1368:1373 arg1 numbers 1391:1397 significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers 1354:1397 significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs 1354:1441 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 11 69 from levels 1752:1757 arg1 tracts 1792:1797 gastrointestinal tracts 1775:1797 gastrointestinal tracts 1775:1797 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 0 70 theme gut 80:82 arg1 microbiota 84:93 the gut microbiota 76:93 the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs 76:115 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 2 71 theme in 258:259 arg1 studies 267:273 Several in vitro studies 250:273 Several in vitro studies 250:273 Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. 26313935 1 72 theme dietary 152:158 arg1 interventions 160:172 dietary interventions 152:172 dietary interventions 152:172 Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. 26313935 11 73 from survival 1763:1770 arg1 tracts 1792:1797 gastrointestinal tracts 1775:1797 gastrointestinal tracts 1775:1797 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 8 74 located detected 1201:1208 arg1 faeces 1213:1218 faeces 1213:1218 faeces 1213:1218 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 8 74 located detected 1201:1208 arg1 numbers 1241:1247 numbers 1241:1247 numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1241:1284 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 8 74 located detected 1201:1208 arg1 colon 1232:1236 colon 1232:1236 colon 1232:1236 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 8 74 located detected 1201:1208 arg1 caecum 1221:1226 caecum 1221:1226 caecum 1221:1226 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 8 74 located detected 1201:1208 arg2 RBL67 1178:1182 RBL67 1178:1182 RBL67 1178:1182 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 11 75 theme first 1597:1601 arg1 study 1611:1615 this first in vivo study 1592:1615 this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation 1592:1637 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 11 76 theme colonisation 1626:1637 arg1 study 1611:1615 this first in vivo study 1592:1615 this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation 1592:1637 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 11 77 theme valuable 1693:1700 arg1 strategy 1712:1719 a valuable symbiotic strategy 1691:1719 a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications 1691:1828 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 1 78 theme natural 210:216 arg1 mechanisms 226:235 the natural defence mechanisms 206:235 the natural defence mechanisms of the host 206:247 Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. 26313935 4 79 theme g/d 722:724 arg1 FOS 726:728 8 g/d FOS 720:728 8 g/d FOS 720:728 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 3 80 theme RBL67 457:461 arg1 impact 447:452 the impact 443:452 the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs 443:559 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 7 81 theme close 1081:1085 arg1 similarity 1087:1096 close similarity 1081:1096 close similarity to pig microbiota 1081:1114 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. 26313935 9 82 theme minipigs 1434:1441 arg1 colon 1417:1421 colon 1417:1421 colon 1417:1421 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 9 82 theme minipigs 1434:1441 arg1 caecum 1406:1411 caecum 1406:1411 caecum 1406:1411 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 3 83 theme present 408:414 arg1 study 416:420 The present study 404:420 The present study 404:420 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 9 84 dep caecum 1406:1411 arg1 the 1402:1404 the 1402:1404 the 1402:1404 At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. 26313935 10 85 theme Göttingen 1503:1511 arg1 model 1539:1543 a suitable model 1528:1543 a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs 1528:1579 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 10 85 theme Göttingen 1503:1511 arg1 minipig 1513:1519 the Göttingen minipig 1499:1519 the Göttingen minipig 1499:1519 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 0 86 theme thermophilum 26:37 arg1 RBL67 39:43 Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 10:43 Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 10:43 Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 11 87 with combination 1656:1666 arg1 FOS 1673:1675 FOS 1673:1675 FOS 1673:1675 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 5 88 theme microbiota 850:859 arg1 compositions 861:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions 832:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions 832:872 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 8 89 theme 16S 1260:1262 arg1 rRNA 1264:1267 105-106 16S rRNA 1252:1267 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1252:1284 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 3 90 theme gut 524:526 arg1 microbiota 528:537 the gut microbiota 520:537 the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs 520:559 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. 26313935 11 91 theme probiotic 1733:1741 arg1 bacteria 1743:1750 probiotic bacteria 1733:1750 probiotic bacteria levels 1733:1757 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 8 92 theme copies/g 1269:1276 arg1 content 1278:1284 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1252:1284 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content 1252:1284 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 5 93 theme PCR 943:945 arg1 pyrosequencing 893:906 pyrosequencing 893:906 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR 893:945 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 11 94 dep in 1603:1604 arg1 vivo 1606:1609 vivo 1606:1609 vivo 1606:1609 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 26313935 4 95 theme g/d 613:615 arg1 powder 627:632 8 g/d probiotic powder 611:632 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) 611:666 Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. 26313935 8 96 theme PRO 1300:1302 arg1 diets 1312:1316 PRO and SYN diets 1300:1316 PRO and SYN diets 1300:1316 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 10 97 theme gut 1549:1551 arg1 research 1564:1571 gut microbiota research 1549:1571 gut microbiota research in pigs 1549:1579 Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. 26313935 5 98 theme rRNA 915:918 arg1 genes 920:924 16S rRNA genes 911:924 16S rRNA genes 911:924 Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. 26313935 8 99 theme SYN 1308:1310 arg1 diets 1312:1316 PRO and SYN diets 1300:1316 PRO and SYN diets 1300:1316 During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. 26313935 11 100 theme bacteria 1743:1750 arg1 levels 1752:1757 probiotic bacteria levels 1733:1757 probiotic bacteria levels 1733:1757 Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications. 25680962 8 0 dep along 1065:1069 arg1 with 1071:1074 with 1071:1074 with 1071:1074 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 1 1 theme CA 177:178 arg1 beads 211:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 7 2 theme drug 934:937 arg1 5-FU 955:958 5-FU 955:958 5-FU 955:958 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 7 2 theme drug 934:937 arg1 5-fluorouracil 939:952 anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil 923:952 anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 923:959 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 10 3 theme therapeutic 1421:1431 arg1 potential 1433:1441 the therapeutic potential 1417:1441 the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations 1417:1468 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 8 4 theme drug 1044:1047 arg1 profile 1057:1063 drug release profile 1044:1063 drug release profile 1044:1063 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 11 5 theme drug 1530:1533 arg1 delivery 1535:1542 colon-specific drug delivery 1515:1542 colon-specific drug delivery 1515:1542 In conclusion, CA-CMC beads can be used for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 8 6 theme release 1049:1055 arg1 profile 1057:1063 drug release profile 1044:1063 drug release profile 1044:1063 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 11 7 used used 1506:1509 arg2 beads 1493:1497 CA-CMC beads 1486:1497 CA-CMC beads 1486:1497 In conclusion, CA-CMC beads can be used for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 8 8 theme CMC 1162:1164 arg1 presence 1150:1157 the presence 1146:1157 the presence of CMC in the formulation 1146:1183 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 3 9 dep SEM 525:527 arg1 analyzer 557:564 analyzer 557:564 analyzer 557:564 The CA-CMC beads were prepared by ionic gelation method and its physicochemical characterization was done by SEM, XRD, EDAX, DSC and texture analyzer. 25680962 2 10 theme colon-specific 386:399 arg1 delivery 406:413 colon-specific drug delivery 386:413 colon-specific drug delivery 386:413 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 6 11 theme CA-CMC 743:748 arg1 formulations 750:761 CA-CMC formulations 743:761 CA-CMC formulations 743:761 CA-CMC formulations degraded slowly in simulated colonic fluid, however the degradation rate increased drastically in the presence of colonic microflora. 25680962 4 12 theme beads 606:610 arg1 swelling 571:578 swelling 571:578 swelling 571:578 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 4 12 theme beads 606:610 arg1 mucoadhesivity 584:597 mucoadhesivity 584:597 mucoadhesivity 584:597 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 10 13 theme Cytotoxicity 1301:1312 arg1 data 1314:1317 Cytotoxicity data 1301:1317 Cytotoxicity data 1301:1317 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 4 14 theme simulated 636:644 arg1 environment 654:664 the simulated colonic environment 632:664 the simulated colonic environment 632:664 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 1 15 theme present 85:91 arg1 study 93:97 The present study 81:97 The present study 81:97 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 7 16 theme release 906:912 arg1 study 914:918 In vitro release study 897:918 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 897:959 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 1 17 theme -carboxymethyl 180:193 arg1 beads 211:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 8 18 theme 5-FU 1214:1217 arg1 rate 1206:1209 the release rate 1194:1209 the release rate of 5-FU 1194:1217 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 10 19 theme CA-CMC 1450:1455 arg1 formulations 1457:1468 the CA-CMC formulations 1446:1468 the CA-CMC formulations 1446:1468 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 2 20 theme pH 275:276 arg1 swelling 289:296 pH responsive swelling 275:296 pH responsive swelling 275:296 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 1 21 theme cellulose 195:203 arg1 beads 211:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 0 22 theme alginate-carboxymethyl 8:29 arg1 beads 41:45 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads 0:45 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 0:79 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 25680962 8 23 theme FRAP 1076:1079 arg1 study 1126:1130 FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study 1076:1130 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study 1021:1130 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 6 24 theme degradation 819:829 arg1 rate 831:834 the degradation rate 815:834 the degradation rate 815:834 CA-CMC formulations degraded slowly in simulated colonic fluid, however the degradation rate increased drastically in the presence of colonic microflora. 25680962 2 25 theme microflora-catered 326:343 arg1 biodegradability 345:360 colonic microflora-catered biodegradability 318:360 colonic microflora-catered biodegradability 318:360 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 7 26 theme In 897:898 arg1 study 914:918 In vitro release study 897:918 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 897:959 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 3 27 theme gelation 456:463 arg1 method 465:470 ionic gelation method 450:470 ionic gelation method 450:470 The CA-CMC beads were prepared by ionic gelation method and its physicochemical characterization was done by SEM, XRD, EDAX, DSC and texture analyzer. 25680962 0 28 theme Calcium 0:6 arg1 beads 41:45 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads 0:45 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 0:79 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 25680962 5 29 with prominent 686:694 arg1 concentrations 727:740 lower CMC concentrations 717:740 lower CMC concentrations 717:740 Variation was more prominent in compositions with lower CMC concentrations. 25680962 8 30 theme critical 1023:1030 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 A critical analysis 1021:1039 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study 1021:1130 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 2 31 theme colonic 318:324 arg1 biodegradability 345:360 colonic microflora-catered biodegradability 318:360 colonic microflora-catered biodegradability 318:360 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 1 32 theme CMC 206:208 arg1 beads 211:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 5 33 theme CMC 723:725 arg1 concentrations 727:740 lower CMC concentrations 717:740 lower CMC concentrations 717:740 Variation was more prominent in compositions with lower CMC concentrations. 25680962 9 34 theme 5-FU-loaded 1220:1230 arg1 formulations 1232:1243 5-FU-loaded formulations 1220:1243 5-FU-loaded formulations 1220:1243 5-FU-loaded formulations were tested against colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). 25680962 10 35 theme nuclear 1320:1326 arg1 condensation-fragmentation 1328:1353 nuclear condensation-fragmentation 1320:1353 nuclear condensation-fragmentation 1320:1353 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 4 36 theme colonic 646:652 arg1 environment 654:664 the simulated colonic environment 632:664 the simulated colonic environment 632:664 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 0 37 theme cellulose 31:39 arg1 beads 41:45 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads 0:45 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 0:79 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 25680962 2 38 theme responsive 278:287 arg1 swelling 289:296 pH responsive swelling 275:296 pH responsive swelling 275:296 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 1 39 theme beads 211:215 arg1 preparation 110:120 preparation 110:120 preparation 110:120 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 1 39 theme beads 211:215 arg1 application 144:154 application 144:154 application 144:154 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 1 39 theme beads 211:215 arg1 characterization 123:138 characterization 123:138 characterization 123:138 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 0 40 theme colon-targeted 51:64 arg1 delivery 71:78 colon-targeted drug delivery 51:78 colon-targeted drug delivery 51:78 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 25680962 8 41 attach presence 1150:1157 arg2 CMC 1162:1164 CMC 1162:1164 CMC 1162:1164 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 8 41 attach presence 1150:1157 arg1 formulation 1173:1183 the formulation 1169:1183 the formulation 1169:1183 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 8 42 from presence 1150:1157 arg1 formulation 1173:1183 the formulation 1169:1183 the formulation 1169:1183 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 4 43 located found 616:620 arg1 environment 654:664 the simulated colonic environment 632:664 the simulated colonic environment 632:664 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 4 43 located found 616:620 arg2 mucoadhesivity 584:597 mucoadhesivity 584:597 mucoadhesivity 584:597 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 4 43 located found 616:620 arg2 swelling 571:578 swelling 571:578 swelling 571:578 The swelling and mucoadhesivity of the beads was found higher at the simulated colonic environment. 25680962 11 44 theme CA-CMC 1486:1491 arg1 beads 1493:1497 CA-CMC beads 1486:1497 CA-CMC beads 1486:1497 In conclusion, CA-CMC beads can be used for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 3 45 theme physicochemical 480:494 arg1 characterization 496:511 its physicochemical characterization 476:511 its physicochemical characterization 476:511 The CA-CMC beads were prepared by ionic gelation method and its physicochemical characterization was done by SEM, XRD, EDAX, DSC and texture analyzer. 25680962 3 46 theme ionic 450:454 arg1 method 465:470 ionic gelation method 450:470 ionic gelation method 450:470 The CA-CMC beads were prepared by ionic gelation method and its physicochemical characterization was done by SEM, XRD, EDAX, DSC and texture analyzer. 25680962 9 47 theme adenocarcinoma 1271:1284 arg1 HT-29 1293:1297 HT-29 1293:1297 HT-29 1293:1297 5-FU-loaded formulations were tested against colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). 25680962 9 47 theme adenocarcinoma 1271:1284 arg1 cells 1286:1290 colon adenocarcinoma cells 1265:1290 colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) 1265:1298 5-FU-loaded formulations were tested against colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). 25680962 1 48 theme colon-specific 221:234 arg1 delivery 246:253 colon-specific oral drug delivery 221:253 colon-specific oral drug delivery 221:253 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 10 49 theme formulations 1457:1468 arg1 potential 1433:1441 the therapeutic potential 1417:1441 the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations 1417:1468 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 5 50 from prominent 686:694 arg1 compositions 699:710 compositions 699:710 compositions 699:710 Variation was more prominent in compositions with lower CMC concentrations. 25680962 11 51 theme colon-specific 1515:1528 arg1 delivery 1535:1542 colon-specific drug delivery 1515:1542 colon-specific drug delivery 1515:1542 In conclusion, CA-CMC beads can be used for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 7 52 theme enzymes 1012:1018 arg1 presence 992:999 the presence 988:999 the presence of colonic enzymes 988:1018 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 2 53 theme formulations 369:380 arg1 swelling 289:296 pH responsive swelling 275:296 pH responsive swelling 275:296 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 2 53 theme formulations 369:380 arg1 biodegradability 345:360 colonic microflora-catered biodegradability 318:360 colonic microflora-catered biodegradability 318:360 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 2 53 theme formulations 369:380 arg1 mucoadhesivity 299:312 mucoadhesivity 299:312 mucoadhesivity 299:312 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 0 54 theme drug 66:69 arg1 delivery 71:78 colon-targeted drug delivery 51:78 colon-targeted drug delivery 51:78 Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery. 25680962 9 55 theme colon 1265:1269 arg1 HT-29 1293:1297 HT-29 1293:1297 HT-29 1293:1297 5-FU-loaded formulations were tested against colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). 25680962 9 55 theme colon 1265:1269 arg1 cells 1286:1290 colon adenocarcinoma cells 1265:1290 colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) 1265:1298 5-FU-loaded formulations were tested against colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). 25680962 8 56 theme fluorescence 1082:1093 arg1 recovery 1095:1102 fluorescence recovery 1082:1102 fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 1082:1123 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 6 57 theme microflora 885:894 arg1 presence 865:872 the presence 861:872 the presence of colonic microflora 861:894 CA-CMC formulations degraded slowly in simulated colonic fluid, however the degradation rate increased drastically in the presence of colonic microflora. 25680962 8 58 theme profile 1057:1063 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 A critical analysis 1021:1039 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study 1021:1130 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 6 59 theme colonic 792:798 arg1 fluid 800:804 simulated colonic fluid 782:804 simulated colonic fluid 782:804 CA-CMC formulations degraded slowly in simulated colonic fluid, however the degradation rate increased drastically in the presence of colonic microflora. 25680962 7 60 dep In 897:898 arg1 vitro 900:904 vitro 900:904 vitro 900:904 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 6 61 theme colonic 877:883 arg1 microflora 885:894 colonic microflora 877:894 colonic microflora 877:894 CA-CMC formulations degraded slowly in simulated colonic fluid, however the degradation rate increased drastically in the presence of colonic microflora. 25680962 6 62 theme simulated 782:790 arg1 fluid 800:804 simulated colonic fluid 782:804 simulated colonic fluid 782:804 CA-CMC formulations degraded slowly in simulated colonic fluid, however the degradation rate increased drastically in the presence of colonic microflora. 25680962 10 63 theme apoptosis 1359:1367 arg1 analysis 1369:1376 apoptosis analysis 1359:1376 apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) 1359:1396 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 1 64 theme oral 236:239 arg1 delivery 246:253 colon-specific oral drug delivery 221:253 colon-specific oral drug delivery 221:253 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 5 65 theme lower 717:721 arg1 concentrations 727:740 lower CMC concentrations 717:740 lower CMC concentrations 717:740 Variation was more prominent in compositions with lower CMC concentrations. 25680962 1 66 theme calcium 159:165 arg1 beads 211:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 7 67 theme 5-fluorouracil 939:952 arg1 study 914:918 In vitro release study 897:918 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 897:959 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 1 68 theme drug 241:244 arg1 delivery 246:253 colon-specific oral drug delivery 221:253 colon-specific oral drug delivery 221:253 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 8 69 dep FRAP 1076:1079 arg1 recovery 1095:1102 fluorescence recovery 1082:1102 fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 1082:1123 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 7 70 theme colonic 1004:1010 arg1 enzymes 1012:1018 colonic enzymes 1004:1018 colonic enzymes 1004:1018 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 1 71 theme alginate 167:174 arg1 beads 211:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads 159:215 The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. 25680962 3 72 theme CA-CMC 420:425 arg1 beads 427:431 The CA-CMC beads 416:431 The CA-CMC beads 416:431 The CA-CMC beads were prepared by ionic gelation method and its physicochemical characterization was done by SEM, XRD, EDAX, DSC and texture analyzer. 25680962 8 73 theme release 1198:1204 arg1 rate 1206:1209 the release rate 1194:1209 the release rate of 5-FU 1194:1217 A critical analysis of drug release profile along with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) study revealed that the presence of CMC in the formulation retarded the release rate of 5-FU. 25680962 10 74 theme flow 1382:1385 arg1 cytometry 1387:1395 flow cytometry 1382:1395 flow cytometry 1382:1395 Cytotoxicity data, nuclear condensation-fragmentation and apoptosis analysis (by flow cytometry) together confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CA-CMC formulations. 25680962 2 75 theme drug 401:404 arg1 delivery 406:413 colon-specific drug delivery 386:413 colon-specific drug delivery 386:413 Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. 25680962 7 76 theme anticancer 923:932 arg1 5-FU 955:958 5-FU 955:958 5-FU 955:958 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 7 76 theme anticancer 923:932 arg1 5-fluorouracil 939:952 anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil 923:952 anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 923:959 In vitro release study of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed a release (>90%) in the presence of colonic enzymes. 25680962 5 77 from compositions 699:710 arg1 prominent 686:694 prominent 686:694 prominent 686:694 Variation was more prominent in compositions with lower CMC concentrations. 24486798 2 0 theme salt 350:353 arg1 additives 355:363 salt additives 350:363 salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) 350:402 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 7 1 with ATPSs 1159:1163 arg1 additives 1185:1193 different salt additives 1170:1193 different salt additives 1170:1193 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 3 2 from effects 489:495 arg1 partitioning 508:519 protein partitioning 500:519 protein partitioning 500:519 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 9 3 theme structures 1450:1459 arg1 descriptors 1423:1433 about 50 different descriptors 1404:1433 about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures 1404:1459 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 2 4 from effect 340:345 arg1 behavior 457:464 the protein partition behavior 435:464 the protein partition behavior 435:464 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 7 5 theme partition 1122:1130 arg1 values 1144:1149 partition coefficient values 1122:1149 partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives 1122:1193 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 3 6 theme Collander 548:556 arg1 relationship 577:588 the Collander solvent regression relationship 544:588 the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives 544:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 5 7 theme electrostatic 880:892 arg1 properties 894:903 electrostatic properties 880:903 electrostatic properties 880:903 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 9 8 theme structure 1711:1719 arg1 flexibility 1684:1694 the intrinsic flexibility 1670:1694 the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor) 1670:1777 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 8 9 theme structural 1292:1301 arg1 distances 1303:1311 The structural distances 1288:1311 The structural distances for all the examined proteins (except lysozyme) 1288:1359 The structural distances for all the examined proteins (except lysozyme) were found to be interrelated. 24486798 9 10 theme water-filled 1584:1595 arg1 cavities 1597:1604 water-filled cavities 1584:1604 water-filled cavities 1584:1604 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 3 11 theme salt 484:487 arg1 effects 489:495 The salt effects 480:495 The salt effects on protein partitioning 480:519 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 5 12 theme differences 828:838 arg1 terms 815:819 terms 815:819 terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases 815:917 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 1 13 theme two-phase 241:249 arg1 ATPSs 260:264 ATPSs 260:264 ATPSs 260:264 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 1 13 theme two-phase 241:249 arg1 systems 251:257 -8000 aqueous two-phase systems 227:257 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) 191:265 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 7 14 theme structural 1061:1070 arg1 signatures 1072:1081 The structural signatures 1057:1081 The structural signatures for the proteins 1057:1098 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 3 15 theme regression 566:575 arg1 relationship 577:588 the Collander solvent regression relationship 544:588 the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives 544:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 9 16 theme B-factor 1746:1753 arg1 terms 1733:1737 terms 1733:1737 terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor) 1733:1777 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 5 17 from Analysis 794:801 arg1 terms 815:819 terms 815:819 terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases 815:917 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 3 18 theme protein 602:608 arg1 coefficients 620:631 the protein partition coefficients 598:631 the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives 598:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 1 19 dep buffer 309:314 arg1 the 270:272 the 270:272 the 270:272 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 1 19 dep buffer 309:314 arg1 presence 274:281 presence 274:281 presence 274:281 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 0 20 theme dextran-polyethylene 81:100 arg1 systems 119:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 5 21 theme phases 912:917 arg1 hydrophobicity 861:874 relative hydrophobicity 852:874 relative hydrophobicity 852:874 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 5 21 theme phases 912:917 arg1 properties 894:903 electrostatic properties 880:903 electrostatic properties 880:903 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 2 22 dep additives 355:363 arg1 NaClO4 386:391 NaClO4 386:391 NaClO4 386:391 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 2 22 dep additives 355:363 arg1 Na2SO4 378:383 Na2SO4 378:383 Na2SO4 378:383 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 2 22 dep additives 355:363 arg1 CsCl 372:375 CsCl 372:375 CsCl 372:375 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 2 22 dep additives 355:363 arg1 NaSCN 397:401 NaSCN 397:401 NaSCN 397:401 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 2 22 dep additives 355:363 arg1 NaCl 366:369 NaCl 366:369 NaCl 366:369 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 0 23 theme two-phase 109:117 arg1 systems 119:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 5 24 from terms 815:819 arg1 Analysis 794:801 Analysis 794:801 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases 794:917 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 4 25 theme partition 774:782 arg1 behavior 784:791 the protein partition behavior 762:791 the protein partition behavior 762:791 The results obtained show that the presence and concentration of salt additives affect the protein partition behavior. 24486798 5 26 from ATPSs 806:810 arg1 terms 815:819 terms 815:819 terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases 815:917 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 0 27 from differences 34:44 arg1 partitioning 57:68 protein partitioning 49:68 protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions 49:157 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 3 28 from coefficients 620:631 arg1 ATPSs 636:640 ATPSs 636:640 ATPSs with and without salt additives 636:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 0 29 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions 0:157 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 1 30 theme 0.01M 286:290 arg1 buffer 309:314 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 286:314 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 286:314 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 5 31 theme partition 948:956 arg1 behavior 958:965 the protein partition behavior 936:965 the protein partition behavior 936:965 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 4 32 theme additives 745:753 arg1 concentration 723:735 concentration 723:735 concentration 723:735 The results obtained show that the presence and concentration of salt additives affect the protein partition behavior. 24486798 4 32 theme additives 745:753 arg1 presence 710:717 presence 710:717 presence 710:717 The results obtained show that the presence and concentration of salt additives affect the protein partition behavior. 24486798 0 33 theme important 20:28 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions 0:157 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 1 34 theme phosphate 299:307 arg1 buffer 309:314 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 286:314 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 286:314 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 2 35 theme partition 447:455 arg1 behavior 457:464 the protein partition behavior 435:464 the protein partition behavior 435:464 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 1 36 theme dextran-70-polyethylene 191:213 arg1 PEG 223:225 PEG 223:225 PEG 223:225 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 1 36 theme dextran-70-polyethylene 191:213 arg1 glycol 215:220 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol 191:220 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) 191:265 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 7 37 theme salt 1180:1183 arg1 additives 1185:1193 different salt additives 1170:1193 different salt additives 1170:1193 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 9 38 theme averaged 1614:1621 arg1 hydrophobicity 1623:1636 the averaged hydrophobicity 1610:1636 the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues 1610:1660 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 7 39 from values 1144:1149 arg1 ATPSs 1159:1163 four ATPSs 1154:1163 four ATPSs with different salt additives 1154:1193 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 0 40 theme protein 49:55 arg1 partitioning 57:68 protein partitioning 49:68 protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions 49:157 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 9 41 theme surface 1645:1651 arg1 residues 1653:1660 the surface residues 1641:1660 the surface residues 1641:1660 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 3 42 theme salt 659:662 arg1 additives 664:672 salt additives 659:672 salt additives 659:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 9 43 theme different 1413:1421 arg1 descriptors 1423:1433 about 50 different descriptors 1404:1433 about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures 1404:1459 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 2 44 theme additives 355:363 arg1 effect 340:345 The effect 336:345 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior 336:464 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 7 45 theme reference 1267:1275 arg1 structure 1277:1285 the reference structure 1263:1285 the reference structure 1263:1285 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 7 45 theme reference 1267:1275 arg1 c 1258:1258 cytochrome c 1247:1258 cytochrome c 1247:1258 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 7 46 theme coefficient 1132:1142 arg1 values 1144:1149 partition coefficient values 1122:1149 partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives 1122:1193 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 9 47 theme protein 1442:1448 arg1 structures 1450:1459 the protein structures 1438:1459 the protein structures 1438:1459 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 48 theme intrinsic 1674:1682 arg1 flexibility 1684:1694 the intrinsic flexibility 1670:1694 the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor) 1670:1777 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 49 theme surfaces 1554:1561 arg1 peculiarities 1531:1543 the peculiarities 1527:1543 the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) 1527:1661 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 3 50 theme protein 500:506 arg1 partitioning 508:519 protein partitioning 500:519 protein partitioning 500:519 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 5 51 theme relative 852:859 arg1 hydrophobicity 861:874 relative hydrophobicity 852:874 relative hydrophobicity 852:874 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 7 52 theme cytochrome 1247:1256 arg1 structure 1277:1285 the reference structure 1263:1285 the reference structure 1263:1285 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 7 52 theme cytochrome 1247:1256 arg1 c 1258:1258 cytochrome c 1247:1258 cytochrome c 1247:1258 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 6 53 theme protein 992:998 arg1 partitioning 1000:1011 protein partitioning 992:1011 protein partitioning 992:1011 The differences between protein partitioning could not be explained by the protein size. 24486798 9 54 theme protein 1703:1709 arg1 structure 1711:1719 the protein structure 1699:1719 the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor) 1699:1777 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 0 55 theme compositions 146:157 arg1 partitioning 57:68 protein partitioning 49:68 protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions 49:157 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 5 56 dep hydrophobicity 861:874 arg1 the 848:850 the 848:850 the 848:850 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 9 57 theme partition 1479:1487 arg1 behavior 1489:1496 the partition behavior 1475:1496 the partition behavior of proteins 1475:1508 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 58 theme proteins 1501:1508 arg1 behavior 1489:1496 the partition behavior 1475:1496 the partition behavior of proteins 1475:1508 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 3 59 theme solvent 558:564 arg1 relationship 577:588 the Collander solvent regression relationship 544:588 the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives 544:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 9 60 dep number 1574:1579 arg1 e.g. 1564:1567 e.g. 1564:1567 e.g. 1564:1567 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 3 61 theme partition 610:618 arg1 coefficients 620:631 the protein partition coefficients 598:631 the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives 598:672 The salt effects on protein partitioning were analyzed by using the Collander solvent regression relationship between the protein partition coefficients in ATPSs with and without salt additives. 24486798 6 62 theme protein 1043:1049 arg1 size 1051:1054 the protein size 1039:1054 the protein size 1039:1054 The differences between protein partitioning could not be explained by the protein size. 24486798 8 63 theme examined 1325:1332 arg1 proteins 1334:1341 all the examined proteins 1317:1341 all the examined proteins (except lysozyme) 1317:1359 The structural distances for all the examined proteins (except lysozyme) were found to be interrelated. 24486798 0 64 theme aqueous 73:79 arg1 systems 119:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 9 65 theme temperature 1759:1769 arg1 factor 1771:1776 temperature factor 1759:1776 temperature factor 1759:1776 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 65 theme temperature 1759:1769 arg1 B-factor 1746:1753 the B-factor 1742:1753 the B-factor (or temperature factor) 1742:1777 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 0 66 theme glycol 102:107 arg1 systems 119:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 1 67 theme proteins 179:186 arg1 Partitioning 160:171 Partitioning 160:171 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) 160:265 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 2 68 from concentrations 417:430 arg1 effect 340:345 The effect 336:345 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior 336:464 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 0 69 dep different 130:138 arg1 ionic 140:144 ionic 140:144 ionic 140:144 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 0 70 from partitioning 57:68 arg1 systems 119:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems 73:125 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 0 71 theme different 130:138 arg1 compositions 146:157 different ionic compositions 130:157 different ionic compositions 130:157 Structural features important for differences in protein partitioning in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems of different ionic compositions. 24486798 4 72 theme protein 766:772 arg1 behavior 784:791 the protein partition behavior 762:791 the protein partition behavior 762:791 The results obtained show that the presence and concentration of salt additives affect the protein partition behavior. 24486798 7 73 theme structural 1204:1213 arg1 distances 1215:1223 the structural distances 1200:1223 the structural distances 1200:1223 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 5 74 theme ATPSs 806:810 arg1 Analysis 794:801 Analysis 794:801 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases 794:917 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 1 75 from Partitioning 160:171 arg1 PEG 223:225 PEG 223:225 PEG 223:225 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 1 75 from Partitioning 160:171 arg1 glycol 215:220 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol 191:220 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) 191:265 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 5 76 theme protein 940:946 arg1 behavior 958:965 the protein partition behavior 936:965 the protein partition behavior 936:965 Analysis of ATPSs in terms of the differences between the relative hydrophobicity and electrostatic properties of the phases does not explain the protein partition behavior. 24486798 2 77 theme different 407:415 arg1 concentrations 417:430 different concentrations 407:430 different concentrations 407:430 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 1 78 theme sodium 292:297 arg1 buffer 309:314 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 286:314 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 286:314 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 9 79 theme cavities 1597:1604 arg1 hydrophobicity 1623:1636 the averaged hydrophobicity 1610:1636 the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues 1610:1660 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 79 theme cavities 1597:1604 arg1 number 1574:1579 the number 1570:1579 the number of water-filled cavities 1570:1604 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 4 80 theme salt 740:743 arg1 additives 745:753 salt additives 740:753 salt additives 740:753 The results obtained show that the presence and concentration of salt additives affect the protein partition behavior. 24486798 7 81 theme different 1170:1178 arg1 additives 1185:1193 different salt additives 1170:1193 different salt additives 1170:1193 The structural signatures for the proteins were constructed from partition coefficient values in four ATPSs with different salt additives, and the structural distances were calculated using cytochrome c as the reference structure. 24486798 1 82 theme aqueous 233:239 arg1 ATPSs 260:264 ATPSs 260:264 ATPSs 260:264 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 1 82 theme aqueous 233:239 arg1 systems 251:257 -8000 aqueous two-phase systems 227:257 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) 191:265 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 2 83 theme protein 439:445 arg1 behavior 457:464 the protein partition behavior 435:464 the protein partition behavior 435:464 The effect of salt additives (NaCl, CsCl, Na2SO4, NaClO4 and NaSCN) at different concentrations on the protein partition behavior was examined. 24486798 1 84 dep glycol 215:220 arg1 ATPSs 260:264 ATPSs 260:264 ATPSs 260:264 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 1 84 dep glycol 215:220 arg1 systems 251:257 -8000 aqueous two-phase systems 227:257 dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) 191:265 Partitioning of 15 proteins in dextran-70-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8000 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in the presence of 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH7.4 was studied. 24486798 4 85 dep presence 710:717 arg1 the 706:708 the 706:708 the 706:708 The results obtained show that the presence and concentration of salt additives affect the protein partition behavior. 24486798 9 86 theme residues 1653:1660 arg1 hydrophobicity 1623:1636 the averaged hydrophobicity 1610:1636 the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues 1610:1660 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 86 theme residues 1653:1660 arg1 number 1574:1579 the number 1570:1579 the number of water-filled cavities 1570:1604 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 24486798 9 87 theme descriptors 1423:1433 arg1 Analysis 1392:1399 Analysis 1392:1399 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures 1392:1459 Analysis of about 50 different descriptors of the protein structures revealed that the partition behavior of proteins is determined by the peculiarities of their surfaces (e.g., the number of water-filled cavities and the averaged hydrophobicity of the surface residues) and by the intrinsic flexibility of the protein structure measured in terms of the B-factor (or temperature factor). 29269154 4 0 theme ASDs 532:535 arg1 stability 501:509 the physical stability 488:509 the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs 488:535 In this work, the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs was investigated by thermodynamic modeling and stability studies. 29269154 7 1 theme stability 1229:1237 arg1 studies 1239:1245 six months-long stability studies 1213:1245 six months-long stability studies 1213:1245 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 9 2 theme polymer 1474:1480 arg1 blends 1482:1487 both polymer blends 1469:1487 both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS) 1469:1519 This trend was observed for all investigated systems, with both APIs (NAP and APAP) and both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS). 29269154 5 3 theme hydroxypropyl 680:692 arg1 HPMCAS 729:734 HPMCAS 729:734 HPMCAS 729:734 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 5 3 theme hydroxypropyl 680:692 arg1 succinate 718:726 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 680:726 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) 680:735 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 1 4 theme active 170:175 arg1 ingredients 192:202 active pharmaceutical ingredients 170:202 active pharmaceutical ingredients 170:202 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 9 5 theme investigated 1413:1424 arg1 systems 1426:1432 all investigated systems 1409:1432 all investigated systems 1409:1432 This trend was observed for all investigated systems, with both APIs (NAP and APAP) and both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS). 29269154 3 6 theme important 387:395 arg1 stability 463:471 the physical stability 450:471 the physical stability 450:471 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions is the physical stability. 29269154 3 6 theme important 387:395 arg1 criterion 397:405 One important criterion 383:405 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions 383:445 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions is the physical stability. 29269154 5 7 theme methylcellulose 694:708 arg1 HPMCAS 729:734 HPMCAS 729:734 HPMCAS 729:734 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 5 7 theme methylcellulose 694:708 arg1 succinate 718:726 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 680:726 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) 680:735 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 8 8 theme HPMCAS 1347:1352 arg1 content 1354:1360 HPMCAS content 1347:1360 HPMCAS content 1347:1360 According to modeling and experimental results, the physical stability was reduced with increasing HPMCAS content and increasing RH. 29269154 6 9 theme temperature 913:923 arg1 curves 925:930 the glass-transition temperature curves 892:930 the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems 892:956 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 5 10 theme acetate 710:716 arg1 HPMCAS 729:734 HPMCAS 729:734 HPMCAS 729:734 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 5 10 theme acetate 710:716 arg1 succinate 718:726 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 680:726 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) 680:735 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 9 11 dep blends 1482:1487 arg1 PVP/HPMCAS 1490:1499 PVP/HPMCAS 1490:1499 PVP/HPMCAS 1490:1499 This trend was observed for all investigated systems, with both APIs (NAP and APAP) and both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS). 29269154 9 11 dep blends 1482:1487 arg1 PVPVA64/HPMCAS 1505:1518 PVPVA64/HPMCAS 1505:1518 PVPVA64/HPMCAS 1505:1518 This trend was observed for all investigated systems, with both APIs (NAP and APAP) and both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS). 29269154 6 12 theme Kwei 1020:1023 arg1 equation 1025:1032 Kwei equation 1020:1032 Kwei equation 1020:1032 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 10 13 theme Kwei 1538:1541 arg1 equation 1543:1550 the Kwei equation 1534:1550 the Kwei equation 1534:1550 PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation turned out to be suitable tools for modeling and predicting the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs. 29269154 4 14 theme physical 492:499 arg1 stability 501:509 the physical stability 488:509 the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs 488:535 In this work, the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs was investigated by thermodynamic modeling and stability studies. 29269154 10 15 theme investigated 1642:1653 arg1 ASDs 1674:1677 the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs 1638:1677 the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs 1638:1677 PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation turned out to be suitable tools for modeling and predicting the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs. 29269154 1 16 theme pharmaceutical 177:190 arg1 ingredients 192:202 active pharmaceutical ingredients 170:202 active pharmaceutical ingredients 170:202 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 0 17 theme dispersions 56:66 arg1 stability 9:17 Physical stability 0:17 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 0:66 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions. 29269154 4 18 theme API/polymer-blend 514:530 arg1 ASDs 532:535 API/polymer-blend ASDs 514:535 API/polymer-blend ASDs 514:535 In this work, the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs was investigated by thermodynamic modeling and stability studies. 29269154 5 19 theme vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl 785:809 arg1 poly 780:783 poly 780:783 poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) 780:818 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 5 19 theme vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl 785:809 arg1 acetate 811:817 vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate 785:817 vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate 785:817 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 1 20 theme amorphous 88:96 arg1 dispersions 104:114 amorphous solid dispersions 88:114 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 88:121 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 1 20 theme amorphous 88:96 arg1 ASDs 117:120 ASDs 117:120 ASDs 117:120 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 10 21 theme physical 1616:1623 arg1 stability 1625:1633 the physical stability 1612:1633 the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs 1612:1677 PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation turned out to be suitable tools for modeling and predicting the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs. 29269154 8 22 theme physical 1300:1307 arg1 stability 1309:1317 the physical stability 1296:1317 the physical stability 1296:1317 According to modeling and experimental results, the physical stability was reduced with increasing HPMCAS content and increasing RH. 29269154 6 23 theme Associating 991:1001 arg1 Theory 1009:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 7 24 theme storage 1123:1129 arg1 conditions 1131:1140 standardized storage conditions 1110:1140 standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) 1110:1181 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 7 25 theme phase 1091:1095 arg1 behavior 1097:1104 The phase behavior 1087:1104 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) 1087:1181 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 1 26 theme solid 98:102 arg1 dispersions 104:114 amorphous solid dispersions 88:114 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 88:121 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 1 26 theme solid 98:102 arg1 ASDs 117:120 ASDs 117:120 ASDs 117:120 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 6 27 theme glass-transition 896:911 arg1 curves 925:930 the glass-transition temperature curves 892:930 the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems 892:956 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 3 28 theme physical 454:461 arg1 stability 463:471 the physical stability 450:471 the physical stability 450:471 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions is the physical stability. 29269154 3 28 theme physical 454:461 arg1 criterion 397:405 One important criterion 383:405 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions 383:445 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions is the physical stability. 29269154 0 29 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 stability 9:17 Physical stability 0:17 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 0:66 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions. 29269154 7 30 dep % 1157:1157 arg1 RH 1178:1179 RH 1178:1179 RH 1178:1179 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 7 30 dep % 1157:1157 arg1 humidity 1168:1175 relative humidity 1159:1175 75% relative humidity (RH) 1155:1180 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 10 31 theme ASDs 1674:1677 arg1 stability 1625:1633 the physical stability 1612:1633 the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs 1612:1677 PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation turned out to be suitable tools for modeling and predicting the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs. 29269154 1 32 theme dispersions 104:114 arg1 preparation 73:83 The preparation 69:83 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 69:121 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 1 32 theme dispersions 104:114 arg1 strategy 145:152 a well-established strategy 126:152 a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers 126:262 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 0 33 theme API/polymer-blend 22:38 arg1 dispersions 56:66 API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 22:66 API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 22:66 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions. 29269154 5 34 from blends 670:675 arg1 embedded 658:665 embedded 658:665 embedded 658:665 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 2 35 theme desired 324:330 arg1 properties 332:341 desired properties 324:341 desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior 324:380 Different polymers can be combined for designing ASDs with desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior. 29269154 6 36 with modeling 846:853 arg1 Theory 1009:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 6 36 with modeling 846:853 arg1 equation 1025:1032 Kwei equation 1020:1032 Kwei equation 1020:1032 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 6 37 theme Fluid 1003:1007 arg1 Theory 1009:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 7 38 theme standardized 1110:1121 arg1 conditions 1131:1140 standardized storage conditions 1110:1140 standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) 1110:1181 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 6 39 from solubility 863:872 arg1 blends 881:886 the blends 877:886 the blends 877:886 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 0 40 theme solid 50:54 arg1 dispersions 56:66 API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 22:66 API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 22:66 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions. 29269154 5 41 from embedded 658:665 arg1 blends 670:675 blends 670:675 blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64) 670:828 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 5 42 theme poly 748:751 arg1 blends 670:675 blends 670:675 blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64) 670:828 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 9 43 dep APIs 1445:1448 arg1 APAP 1459:1462 APAP 1459:1462 APAP 1459:1462 This trend was observed for all investigated systems, with both APIs (NAP and APAP) and both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS). 29269154 9 43 dep APIs 1445:1448 arg1 NAP 1451:1453 NAP 1451:1453 NAP 1451:1453 This trend was observed for all investigated systems, with both APIs (NAP and APAP) and both polymer blends (PVP/HPMCAS and PVPVA64/HPMCAS). 29269154 8 44 theme experimental 1274:1285 arg1 results 1287:1293 experimental results 1274:1293 experimental results 1274:1293 According to modeling and experimental results, the physical stability was reduced with increasing HPMCAS content and increasing RH. 29269154 0 45 theme amorphous 40:48 arg1 dispersions 56:66 API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 22:66 API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions 22:66 Physical stability of API/polymer-blend amorphous solid dispersions. 29269154 6 46 theme Statistical 979:989 arg1 Theory 1009:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 7 47 theme relative 1159:1166 arg1 RH 1178:1179 RH 1178:1179 RH 1178:1179 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 7 47 theme relative 1159:1166 arg1 humidity 1168:1175 relative humidity 1159:1175 75% relative humidity (RH) 1155:1180 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 6 48 theme experimental 1068:1079 arg1 data 1081:1084 experimental data 1068:1084 experimental data 1068:1084 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 3 49 theme ASD 430:432 arg1 compositions 434:445 ASD compositions 430:445 ASD compositions 430:445 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions is the physical stability. 29269154 4 50 theme thermodynamic 557:569 arg1 modeling 571:578 thermodynamic modeling 557:578 thermodynamic modeling 557:578 In this work, the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs was investigated by thermodynamic modeling and stability studies. 29269154 5 51 theme succinate 718:726 arg1 blends 670:675 blends 670:675 blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64) 670:828 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 7 52 theme months-long 1217:1227 arg1 studies 1239:1245 six months-long stability studies 1213:1245 six months-long stability studies 1213:1245 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 3 53 theme compositions 434:445 arg1 development 415:425 the development 411:425 the development of ASD compositions 411:445 One important criterion for the development of ASD compositions is the physical stability. 29269154 4 54 theme stability 584:592 arg1 studies 594:600 stability studies 584:600 stability studies 584:600 In this work, the physical stability of API/polymer-blend ASDs was investigated by thermodynamic modeling and stability studies. 29269154 6 55 theme API 859:861 arg1 solubility 863:872 the API solubility 855:872 the API solubility in the blends 855:886 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 5 56 theme Amorphous 603:611 arg1 NAP 623:625 NAP 623:625 NAP 623:625 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 5 56 theme Amorphous 603:611 arg1 naproxen 613:620 Amorphous naproxen 603:620 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) 603:626 Amorphous naproxen (NAP) and acetaminophen (APAP) were embedded in blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and either poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64). 29269154 2 57 theme dissolution 361:371 arg1 behavior 373:380 an optimized dissolution behavior 348:380 an optimized dissolution behavior 348:380 Different polymers can be combined for designing ASDs with desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior. 29269154 6 58 theme systems 950:956 arg1 curves 925:930 the glass-transition temperature curves 892:930 the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems 892:956 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 6 58 theme systems 950:956 arg1 solubility 863:872 the API solubility 855:872 the API solubility in the blends 855:886 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 2 59 theme optimized 351:359 arg1 behavior 373:380 an optimized dissolution behavior 348:380 an optimized dissolution behavior 348:380 Different polymers can be combined for designing ASDs with desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior. 29269154 7 60 dep conditions 1131:1140 arg1 % 1157:1157 75% 1155:1157 75% relative humidity (RH) 1155:1180 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 7 60 dep conditions 1131:1140 arg1 % 1144:1144 0% 1143:1144 0% 1143:1144 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 7 60 dep conditions 1131:1140 arg1 % 1149:1149 60% 1147:1149 60% 1147:1149 The phase behavior for standardized storage conditions (0%, 60% and 75% relative humidity (RH)) was predicted and compared to six months-long stability studies. 29269154 1 61 theme well-established 128:143 arg1 preparation 73:83 The preparation 69:83 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 69:121 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 1 61 theme well-established 128:143 arg1 strategy 145:152 a well-established strategy 126:152 a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers 126:262 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 1 62 theme amorphous 245:253 arg1 polymers 255:262 amorphous polymers 245:262 amorphous polymers 245:262 The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a well-established strategy for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients by embedding them in excipients, usually amorphous polymers. 29269154 10 63 theme API/polymer-blends 1655:1672 arg1 ASDs 1674:1677 the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs 1638:1677 the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs 1638:1677 PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation turned out to be suitable tools for modeling and predicting the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs. 29269154 2 64 with ASDs 314:317 arg1 properties 332:341 desired properties 324:341 desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior 324:380 Different polymers can be combined for designing ASDs with desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior. 29269154 6 65 from curves 925:930 arg1 blends 881:886 the blends 877:886 the blends 877:886 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 6 66 theme water-free 939:948 arg1 systems 950:956 the water-free systems 935:956 the water-free systems 935:956 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 29269154 2 67 theme Different 265:273 arg1 polymers 275:282 Different polymers 265:282 Different polymers 265:282 Different polymers can be combined for designing ASDs with desired properties like an optimized dissolution behavior. 29269154 10 68 theme suitable 1569:1576 arg1 tools 1578:1582 suitable tools 1569:1582 suitable tools for modeling 1569:1595 PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation turned out to be suitable tools for modeling and predicting the physical stability of the investigated API/polymer-blends ASDs. 29269154 6 69 theme Perturbed-Chain 963:977 arg1 Theory 1009:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory 963:1014 Parameters for modeling the API solubility in the blends and the glass-transition temperature curves of the water-free systems with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory and Kwei equation, respectively, were correlated to experimental data. 26277752 3 0 with chain 562:566 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 7 1 theme acids 1067:1071 arg1 content 1026:1032 high total sugar content 1009:1032 high total sugar content (85.33%) 1009:1041 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 1 theme acids 1067:1071 arg1 amount 1050:1055 small amount 1044:1055 small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) 1044:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 1 theme acids 1067:1071 arg1 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 1 theme acids 1067:1071 arg1 % 1078:1078 5.63% 1074:1078 5.63% 1074:1078 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 4 2 from 55°C 694:697 arg1 rise 663:666 rise 663:666 rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C 663:697 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 4 2 from 55°C 694:697 arg1 temperature 671:681 temperature 671:681 temperature from 25 to 55°C 671:697 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 3 3 with energy 629:634 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 1 4 theme seed 235:238 arg1 gum 240:242 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum 214:242 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 214:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 4 theme seed 235:238 arg1 AHSG 245:248 AHSG 245:248 AHSG 245:248 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 3 5 theme activation 618:627 arg1 energy 629:634 activation energy 618:634 activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol 618:655 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 7 6 theme high 1009:1012 arg1 content 1026:1032 high total sugar content 1009:1032 high total sugar content (85.33%) 1009:1041 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 6 theme high 1009:1012 arg1 % 1040:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 6 theme high 1009:1012 arg1 amount 1050:1055 small amount 1044:1055 small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) 1044:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 6 theme high 1009:1012 arg1 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 1 7 theme various 145:151 arg1 25-65°C 167:173 25-65°C 167:173 25-65°C 167:173 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 7 theme various 145:151 arg1 temperatures 153:164 various temperatures 145:164 various temperatures (25-65°C) 145:174 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 8 theme gum 240:242 arg1 properties 200:209 some dilute solution properties 179:209 some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 179:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 3 9 theme flexibility 581:591 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 6 10 theme neutral 934:940 arg1 pH 942:943 neutral pH 934:943 neutral pH 934:943 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 7 11 contain had 1005:1007 arg1 AHSG 1000:1003 AHSG 1000:1003 AHSG 1000:1003 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 11 contain had 1005:1007 arg2 % 1040:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 11 contain had 1005:1007 arg2 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 11 contain had 1005:1007 arg2 amount 1050:1055 small amount 1044:1055 small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) 1044:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 11 contain had 1005:1007 arg2 content 1026:1032 high total sugar content 1009:1032 high total sugar content (85.33%) 1009:1041 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 12 theme uronic 1060:1065 arg1 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 12 theme uronic 1060:1065 arg1 % 1078:1078 5.63% 1074:1078 5.63% 1074:1078 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 4 13 theme AHSG 771:774 arg1 radius 750:755 coil radius 745:755 coil radius 745:755 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 4 13 theme AHSG 771:774 arg1 volume 761:766 volume 761:766 volume of AHSG 761:774 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 3 14 theme medium 494:499 arg1 viscosity 511:519 medium intrinsic viscosity 494:519 medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C 494:539 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 14 theme medium 494:499 arg1 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 6 15 theme particle 885:892 arg1 size 894:897 particle size 885:897 particle size 885:897 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 7 16 theme small 1044:1048 arg1 content 1026:1032 high total sugar content 1009:1032 high total sugar content (85.33%) 1009:1041 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 16 theme small 1044:1048 arg1 amount 1050:1055 small amount 1044:1055 small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) 1044:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 16 theme small 1044:1048 arg1 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 16 theme small 1044:1048 arg1 % 1078:1078 5.63% 1074:1078 5.63% 1074:1078 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 3 17 theme J/kgmol 649:655 arg1 viscosity 511:519 medium intrinsic viscosity 494:519 medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C 494:539 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 17 theme J/kgmol 649:655 arg1 energy 629:634 activation energy 618:634 activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol 618:655 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 17 theme J/kgmol 649:655 arg1 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 17 theme J/kgmol 649:655 arg1 weight 471:476 a low molecular weight 455:476 a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da) 455:491 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 17 theme J/kgmol 649:655 arg1 Da 489:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 17 theme J/kgmol 649:655 arg1 chain 562:566 relatively flexible chain 542:566 relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 542:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 4 18 theme coil 745:748 arg1 radius 750:755 coil radius 745:755 coil radius 745:755 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 1 19 from effect 135:140 arg1 properties 200:209 some dilute solution properties 179:209 some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 179:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 20 theme temperatures 153:164 arg1 effect 135:140 the effect 131:140 the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 131:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 20 theme temperatures 153:164 arg1 source 272:277 a novel potential source 254:277 a novel potential source of hydrocolloid 254:293 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 6 21 theme AHSG 902:905 arg1 solution 907:914 AHSG solution 902:914 AHSG solution 902:914 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 3 22 with viscosity 511:519 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 0 23 theme homolocarpum 8:19 arg1 gum 26:28 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum 0:28 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 0:82 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 3 24 with weight 471:476 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 4 25 from rise 663:666 arg1 55°C 694:697 55°C 694:697 55°C 694:697 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 4 25 from rise 663:666 arg1 temperature 671:681 temperature 671:681 temperature from 25 to 55°C 671:697 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 0 26 theme Alyssum 0:6 arg1 gum 26:28 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum 0:28 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 0:82 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 6 27 dep interaction 869:879 arg1 The 851:853 The 851:853 The 851:853 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 4 28 dep 55°C 694:697 arg1 to 691:692 to 691:692 to 691:692 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 8 29 theme FTIR 1134:1137 arg1 spectra 1139:1145 The FTIR spectra 1130:1145 The FTIR spectra 1130:1145 The FTIR spectra showed that AHSG behaved like a typical polyelectrolyte because of the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. 26277752 6 30 from pH 942:943 arg1 225.36nm 950:957 225.36nm 950:957 225.36nm 950:957 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 6 30 from pH 942:943 arg1 -25.81mV 921:928 -25.81mV 921:928 -25.81mV (at neutral pH) 921:944 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 3 31 theme intrinsic 501:509 arg1 viscosity 511:519 medium intrinsic viscosity 494:519 medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C 494:539 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 31 theme intrinsic 501:509 arg1 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 0 32 theme seed 21:24 arg1 gum 26:28 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum 0:28 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 0:82 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 6 33 theme electrostatic 855:867 arg1 interaction 869:879 electrostatic interaction 855:879 electrostatic interaction 855:879 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 1 34 dep Alyssum 214:220 arg1 homolocarpum 222:233 homolocarpum 222:233 homolocarpum 222:233 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 2 35 theme FTIR 324:327 arg1 analysis 329:336 FTIR analysis 324:336 FTIR analysis 324:336 Monosaccharide composition, FTIR analysis and molecular parameters were determined to provide more structural information. 26277752 3 36 from 25°C 536:539 arg1 viscosity 511:519 medium intrinsic viscosity 494:519 medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C 494:539 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 36 from 25°C 536:539 arg1 energy 629:634 activation energy 618:634 activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol 618:655 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 36 from 25°C 536:539 arg1 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 36 from 25°C 536:539 arg1 weight 471:476 a low molecular weight 455:476 a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da) 455:491 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 36 from 25°C 536:539 arg1 Da 489:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 36 from 25°C 536:539 arg1 chain 562:566 relatively flexible chain 542:566 relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 542:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 2 37 theme structural 395:404 arg1 information 406:416 more structural information 390:416 more structural information 390:416 Monosaccharide composition, FTIR analysis and molecular parameters were determined to provide more structural information. 26277752 0 38 theme Dilute 31:36 arg1 solution 38:45 Dilute solution 31:45 Dilute solution 31:45 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 1 39 theme novel 256:260 arg1 source 272:277 a novel potential source 254:277 a novel potential source of hydrocolloid 254:293 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 39 theme novel 256:260 arg1 effect 135:140 the effect 131:140 the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 131:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 40 theme dilute 184:189 arg1 properties 200:209 some dilute solution properties 179:209 some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 179:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 8 41 theme carboxyl 1230:1237 arg1 groups 1252:1257 carboxyl and hydroxyl groups 1230:1257 groups 1252:1257 The FTIR spectra showed that AHSG behaved like a typical polyelectrolyte because of the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. 26277752 2 42 theme more 390:393 arg1 information 406:416 more structural information 390:416 more structural information 390:416 Monosaccharide composition, FTIR analysis and molecular parameters were determined to provide more structural information. 26277752 1 43 theme potential 262:270 arg1 source 272:277 a novel potential source 254:277 a novel potential source of hydrocolloid 254:293 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 43 theme potential 262:270 arg1 effect 135:140 the effect 131:140 the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 131:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 44 theme solution 191:198 arg1 properties 200:209 some dilute solution properties 179:209 some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 179:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 7 45 theme total 1014:1018 arg1 content 1026:1032 high total sugar content 1009:1032 high total sugar content (85.33%) 1009:1041 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 45 theme total 1014:1018 arg1 % 1040:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 45 theme total 1014:1018 arg1 amount 1050:1055 small amount 1044:1055 small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) 1044:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 45 theme total 1014:1018 arg1 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg2 chain 562:566 relatively flexible chain 542:566 relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 542:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg2 weight 471:476 a low molecular weight 455:476 a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da) 455:491 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg2 Da 489:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg2 viscosity 511:519 medium intrinsic viscosity 494:519 medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C 494:539 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg2 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 18.34dl/g 522:530 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg1 AHSG 446:449 AHSG 446:449 AHSG 446:449 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 46 contain had 451:453 arg2 energy 629:634 activation energy 618:634 activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol 618:655 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 8 47 theme hydroxyl 1243:1250 arg1 groups 1252:1257 carboxyl and hydroxyl groups 1230:1257 groups 1252:1257 The FTIR spectra showed that AHSG behaved like a typical polyelectrolyte because of the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. 26277752 1 48 theme study 106:110 arg1 objective 88:96 The objective 84:96 The objective of this study 84:110 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 7 49 theme sugar 1020:1024 arg1 content 1026:1032 high total sugar content 1009:1032 high total sugar content (85.33%) 1009:1041 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 49 theme sugar 1020:1024 arg1 % 1040:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 85.33% 1035:1040 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 49 theme sugar 1020:1024 arg1 amount 1050:1055 small amount 1044:1055 small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) 1044:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 49 theme sugar 1020:1024 arg1 acids 1067:1071 uronic acids 1060:1071 uronic acids (5.63%) 1060:1079 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 3 50 theme chain 575:579 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 7 51 theme galactan-type 1100:1112 arg1 it 1085:1086 it 1085:1086 it 1085:1086 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 7 51 theme galactan-type 1100:1112 arg1 polysaccharide 1114:1127 a galactan-type polysaccharide 1098:1127 a galactan-type polysaccharide 1098:1127 The results revealed that AHSG had high total sugar content (85.33%), small amount of uronic acids (5.63%) and it is likely a galactan-type polysaccharide. 26277752 5 52 theme macromolecule 802:814 arg1 factor 787:792 The shape factor 777:792 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule 777:814 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 5 52 theme macromolecule 802:814 arg1 spherical 820:828 spherical 820:828 spherical 820:828 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 5 53 from temperatures 837:848 arg1 factor 787:792 The shape factor 777:792 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule 777:814 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 5 53 from temperatures 837:848 arg1 spherical 820:828 spherical 820:828 spherical 820:828 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 1 54 theme hydrocolloid 282:293 arg1 source 272:277 a novel potential source 254:277 a novel potential source of hydrocolloid 254:293 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 54 theme hydrocolloid 282:293 arg1 effect 135:140 the effect 131:140 the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 131:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 0 55 dep gum 26:28 arg1 properties 72:81 some physicochemical properties 51:81 some physicochemical properties 51:81 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 0 55 dep gum 26:28 arg1 solution 38:45 Dilute solution 31:45 Dilute solution 31:45 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 2 56 theme Monosaccharide 296:309 arg1 composition 311:321 Monosaccharide composition 296:321 Monosaccharide composition 296:321 Monosaccharide composition, FTIR analysis and molecular parameters were determined to provide more structural information. 26277752 8 57 theme typical 1179:1185 arg1 polyelectrolyte 1187:1201 a typical polyelectrolyte 1177:1201 a typical polyelectrolyte 1177:1201 The FTIR spectra showed that AHSG behaved like a typical polyelectrolyte because of the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. 26277752 5 58 theme AHSG 797:800 arg1 macromolecule 802:814 AHSG macromolecule 797:814 AHSG macromolecule 797:814 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 8 59 theme groups 1252:1257 arg1 presence 1218:1225 the presence 1214:1225 the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups 1214:1257 The FTIR spectra showed that AHSG behaved like a typical polyelectrolyte because of the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. 26277752 3 60 theme molecular 461:469 arg1 weight 471:476 a low molecular weight 455:476 a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da) 455:491 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 60 theme molecular 461:469 arg1 Da 489:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 61 theme low 457:459 arg1 weight 471:476 a low molecular weight 455:476 a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da) 455:491 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 3 61 theme low 457:459 arg1 Da 489:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 3.66×10(5)Da 479:490 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 0 62 theme physicochemical 56:70 arg1 properties 72:81 some physicochemical properties 51:81 some physicochemical properties 51:81 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. 26277752 3 63 theme 618.54 606:611 arg1 parameter 593:601 a chain flexibility parameter 573:601 a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 573:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 4 64 theme intrinsic 704:712 arg1 viscosity 714:722 the intrinsic viscosity 700:722 the intrinsic viscosity 700:722 With rise in temperature from 25 to 55°C, the intrinsic viscosity decreased as well as coil radius and volume of AHSG. 26277752 2 65 theme molecular 342:350 arg1 parameters 352:361 molecular parameters 342:361 molecular parameters 342:361 Monosaccharide composition, FTIR analysis and molecular parameters were determined to provide more structural information. 26277752 1 66 theme Alyssum 214:220 arg1 gum 240:242 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum 214:242 Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) 214:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 1 66 theme Alyssum 214:220 arg1 AHSG 245:248 AHSG 245:248 AHSG 245:248 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various temperatures (25-65°C) on some dilute solution properties of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) as a novel potential source of hydrocolloid. 26277752 3 67 theme flexible 553:560 arg1 chain 562:566 relatively flexible chain 542:566 relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54 542:611 The results indicated that AHSG had a low molecular weight (3.66×10(5)Da), medium intrinsic viscosity (18.34dl/g) at 25°C, relatively flexible chain with a chain flexibility parameter of 618.54, and activation energy of 0.51×10(7)J/kgmol. 26277752 5 68 theme shape 781:785 arg1 factor 787:792 The shape factor 777:792 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule 777:814 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 5 68 theme shape 781:785 arg1 spherical 820:828 spherical 820:828 spherical 820:828 The shape factor of AHSG macromolecule was spherical at all temperatures. 26277752 6 69 theme solution 907:914 arg1 interaction 869:879 electrostatic interaction 855:879 electrostatic interaction 855:879 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 26277752 6 69 theme solution 907:914 arg1 size 894:897 particle size 885:897 particle size 885:897 The electrostatic interaction and particle size of AHSG solution were -25.81mV (at neutral pH) and 225.36nm, respectively. 24666422 2 0 theme films 510:514 arg1 characterization 476:491 The characterization 472:491 The characterization of the composite films 472:514 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 7 1 theme composite 1218:1226 arg1 based 1228:1232 The obtained composite based 1205:1232 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology 1205:1270 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 7 1 theme composite 1218:1226 arg1 choice 1283:1288 a good choice 1276:1288 a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties 1276:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 3 2 dep cellulose 684:692 arg1 resin 702:706 resin 702:706 resin 702:706 The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. 24666422 0 3 theme heterogeneous 72:84 arg1 modification 86:97 controlled heterogeneous modification 61:97 controlled heterogeneous modification 61:97 Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. 24666422 4 4 from reduction 902:910 arg1 uptake 925:930 the water uptake 915:930 the water uptake 915:930 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 4 5 theme obvious 894:900 arg1 reduction 902:910 an obvious reduction 891:910 an obvious reduction in the water uptake 891:930 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 1 6 theme hydrophobic 445:455 arg1 shell 465:469 a hydrophobic polymer shell 443:469 a hydrophobic polymer shell 443:469 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 6 7 theme thermal 1096:1102 arg1 properties 1119:1128 The thermal and mechanical properties 1092:1128 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films 1092:1151 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films were improved when compared with that of PUA resin. 24666422 5 8 from nm 1074:1075 arg1 transmittance 1030:1042 The transmittance 1026:1042 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm 1026:1075 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm was about 85%. 24666422 5 8 from nm 1074:1075 arg1 % 1089:1089 about 85% 1081:1089 about 85% 1081:1089 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm was about 85%. 24666422 1 9 theme porous 261:266 arg1 matrix 289:294 the porous structured cellulose matrix 257:294 the porous structured cellulose matrix 257:294 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 2 10 theme heterogeneous 545:557 arg1 modification 559:570 the heterogeneous modification 541:570 the heterogeneous modification 541:570 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 1 11 theme interconnected 357:370 arg1 fibers 382:387 interconnected cellulose fibers 357:387 interconnected cellulose fibers 357:387 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 2 12 theme matrix 617:622 arg1 structure 590:598 the chemical structure 577:598 the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix 577:622 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 1 13 theme polymer 457:463 arg1 shell 465:469 a hydrophobic polymer shell 443:469 a hydrophobic polymer shell 443:469 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 14 theme angle 784:788 arg1 measurements 790:801 Contact angle measurements 776:801 Contact angle measurements with water 776:812 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 1 15 theme structured 268:277 arg1 matrix 289:294 the porous structured cellulose matrix 257:294 the porous structured cellulose matrix 257:294 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 7 16 theme obtained 1209:1216 arg1 based 1228:1232 The obtained composite based 1205:1232 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology 1205:1270 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 7 16 theme obtained 1209:1216 arg1 choice 1283:1288 a good choice 1276:1288 a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties 1276:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 1 17 theme cellulose 372:380 arg1 fibers 382:387 interconnected cellulose fibers 357:387 interconnected cellulose fibers 357:387 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 2 18 theme cellulose 607:615 arg1 matrix 617:622 the cellulose matrix 603:622 the cellulose matrix 603:622 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 4 19 theme Contact 776:782 arg1 angle 784:788 Contact angle 776:788 Contact angle measurements with water 776:812 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 1 20 theme cellulose 279:287 arg1 matrix 289:294 the porous structured cellulose matrix 257:294 the porous structured cellulose matrix 257:294 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 21 theme relative 989:996 arg1 humidity 998:1005 different relative humidity 979:1005 different relative humidity 979:1005 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 3 22 theme cellulose 748:756 arg1 behavior 736:743 the highly hydrophilic behavior 713:743 the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose 713:756 The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. 24666422 7 23 with materials 1321:1329 arg1 properties 1353:1362 modified surface properties 1336:1362 modified surface properties 1336:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 1 24 theme cellulose 172:180 arg1 materials 182:190 cellulose materials 172:190 cellulose materials 172:190 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 25 theme different 979:987 arg1 humidity 998:1005 different relative humidity 979:1005 different relative humidity 979:1005 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 2 26 theme composite 500:508 arg1 films 510:514 the composite films 496:514 the composite films 496:514 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 4 27 contain had 852:854 arg1 films 846:850 the composite films 832:850 the composite films 832:850 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 4 27 contain had 852:854 arg2 reduction 902:910 an obvious reduction 891:910 an obvious reduction in the water uptake 891:930 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 4 27 contain had 852:854 arg2 properties 876:885 obvious hydrophobic properties 856:885 obvious hydrophobic properties 856:885 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 7 28 theme modified 1336:1343 arg1 properties 1353:1362 modified surface properties 1336:1362 modified surface properties 1336:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 1 29 theme UV 395:396 arg1 light 398:402 UV light 395:402 UV light 395:402 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 1 30 with matrix 431:436 arg1 shell 465:469 a hydrophobic polymer shell 443:469 a hydrophobic polymer shell 443:469 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 7 31 theme biomass 1313:1319 arg1 materials 1321:1329 biomass materials 1313:1329 biomass materials with modified surface properties 1313:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 3 32 theme PUA 698:700 arg1 merits 674:679 the merits 670:679 the merits of cellulose and PUA resin 670:706 The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. 24666422 7 33 theme materials 1321:1329 arg1 development 1298:1308 the development 1294:1308 the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties 1294:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 0 34 theme water 17:21 arg1 wettability 23:33 the water wettability 13:33 the water wettability of cellulose film 13:51 Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. 24666422 4 35 with measurements 790:801 arg1 water 808:812 water 808:812 water 808:812 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 1 36 theme facile 102:107 arg1 method 109:114 A facile method 100:114 A facile method 100:114 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 37 theme water 960:964 arg1 gas 972:974 water vapor gas 960:974 water vapor gas at different relative humidity 960:1005 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 4 38 from properties 876:885 arg1 uptake 925:930 the water uptake 915:930 the water uptake 915:930 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 5 39 theme films 1061:1065 arg1 transmittance 1030:1042 The transmittance 1026:1042 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm 1026:1075 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm was about 85%. 24666422 5 39 theme films 1061:1065 arg1 % 1089:1089 about 85% 1081:1089 about 85% 1081:1089 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm was about 85%. 24666422 1 40 theme polyurethane 212:223 arg1 prepolymers 240:250 polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers 212:250 polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers 212:250 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 41 theme vapor 966:970 arg1 gas 972:974 water vapor gas 960:974 water vapor gas at different relative humidity 960:1005 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 1 42 theme acrylate 225:232 arg1 prepolymers 240:250 polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers 212:250 polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers 212:250 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 0 43 theme wettability 23:33 arg1 Reduction 0:8 Reduction 0:8 Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. 0:98 Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. 24666422 2 44 theme modification 559:570 arg1 success 530:536 the success 526:536 the success of the heterogeneous modification 526:570 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 4 45 theme composite 836:844 arg1 films 846:850 the composite films 832:850 the composite films 832:850 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 4 46 theme obvious 856:862 arg1 properties 876:885 obvious hydrophobic properties 856:885 obvious hydrophobic properties 856:885 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 3 47 theme hydrophilic 724:734 arg1 behavior 736:743 the highly hydrophilic behavior 713:743 the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose 713:756 The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. 24666422 6 48 theme films 1147:1151 arg1 properties 1119:1128 The thermal and mechanical properties 1092:1128 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films 1092:1151 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films were improved when compared with that of PUA resin. 24666422 0 49 theme cellulose 38:46 arg1 wettability 23:33 the water wettability 13:33 the water wettability of cellulose film 13:51 Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. 24666422 1 50 theme PUA 323:325 arg1 prepolymers 327:337 PUA prepolymers 323:337 PUA prepolymers 323:337 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 51 theme water 919:923 arg1 uptake 925:930 the water uptake 915:930 the water uptake 915:930 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 1 52 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 matrix 431:436 a cellulose matrix 419:436 a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell 419:469 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 53 theme hydrophobic 864:874 arg1 properties 876:885 obvious hydrophobic properties 856:885 obvious hydrophobic properties 856:885 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 24666422 7 54 theme good 1278:1281 arg1 based 1228:1232 The obtained composite based 1205:1232 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology 1205:1270 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 7 54 theme good 1278:1281 arg1 choice 1283:1288 a good choice 1276:1288 a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties 1276:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 6 55 theme composite 1137:1145 arg1 films 1147:1151 the composite films 1133:1151 the composite films 1133:1151 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films were improved when compared with that of PUA resin. 24666422 7 56 from based 1228:1232 arg1 UV 1251:1252 UV 1251:1252 UV 1251:1252 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 7 56 from based 1228:1232 arg1 cellulose 1237:1245 cellulose 1237:1245 cellulose 1237:1245 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 3 57 theme composite 643:651 arg1 films 653:657 The composite films 639:657 The composite films 639:657 The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. 24666422 5 58 theme composite 1051:1059 arg1 films 1061:1065 the composite films 1047:1065 the composite films 1047:1065 The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm was about 85%. 24666422 1 59 theme PUA 235:237 arg1 prepolymers 240:250 polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers 212:250 polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers 212:250 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 2 60 theme chemical 581:588 arg1 structure 590:598 the chemical structure 577:598 the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix 577:622 The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. 24666422 3 61 theme cellulose 684:692 arg1 merits 674:679 the merits 670:679 the merits of cellulose and PUA resin 670:706 The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. 24666422 6 62 theme PUA 1194:1196 arg1 resin 1198:1202 PUA resin 1194:1202 PUA resin 1194:1202 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films were improved when compared with that of PUA resin. 24666422 6 63 theme mechanical 1108:1117 arg1 properties 1119:1128 The thermal and mechanical properties 1092:1128 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films 1092:1151 The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films were improved when compared with that of PUA resin. 24666422 0 64 theme controlled 61:70 arg1 modification 86:97 controlled heterogeneous modification 61:97 controlled heterogeneous modification 61:97 Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. 24666422 7 65 theme surface 1345:1351 arg1 properties 1353:1362 modified surface properties 1336:1362 modified surface properties 1336:1362 The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties. 24666422 1 66 theme prepolymers 240:250 arg1 incorporation 195:207 incorporation 195:207 incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix 195:294 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 1 67 theme hydrophobic 146:156 arg1 properties 158:167 hydrophobic properties 146:167 hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials 146:190 A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. 24666422 4 68 from humidity 998:1005 arg1 gas 972:974 water vapor gas 960:974 water vapor gas at different relative humidity 960:1005 Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. 25647413 0 0 theme Clostridium 92:102 arg1 thermocellum 104:115 Clostridium thermocellum 92:115 Clostridium thermocellum 92:115 Optimization of influential nutrients during direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum. 25647413 4 1 theme same 843:846 arg1 time-frame 848:857 the same time-frame 839:857 the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies 839:971 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 1 2 theme Clostridium 276:286 arg1 1237 305:308 Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237 276:308 Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237 276:308 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 3 3 theme 25 690:691 arg1 g/L 693:695 g/L 693:695 g/L 693:695 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 6 4 theme direct 1215:1220 arg1 fermentation 1232:1243 direct cellulose fermentation 1215:1243 direct cellulose fermentation 1215:1243 This study represents the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation. 25647413 2 5 theme central 313:319 arg1 design 345:350 A central composite face-centered design 311:350 A central composite face-centered design 311:350 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 3 6 dep g/L 727:729 arg1 Mg 731:732 Mg 731:732 1.75 g/L Mg 722:732 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 7 theme g/L 710:712 arg1 YE 714:715 2 g/L YE 708:715 2 g/L YE 708:715 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 8 theme desirability 554:565 arg1 function 567:574 the desirability function 550:574 the desirability function 550:574 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 2 9 theme response 356:363 arg1 methodology 373:383 response surface methodology 356:383 response surface methodology (RSM) 356:389 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 2 9 theme response 356:363 arg1 RSM 386:388 RSM 386:388 RSM 386:388 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 3 10 with H2/L-culture 599:610 arg1 mmol/ 650:654 7.48 mmol/ 645:654 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) 645:664 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 10 with H2/L-culture 599:610 arg1 g·cell·h 656:663 g·cell·h 656:663 g·cell·h 656:663 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 10 with H2/L-culture 599:610 arg1 glucose 633:639 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose 617:639 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose 617:639 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 6 11 theme multifactor 1156:1166 arg1 optimization 1168:1179 multifactor optimization 1156:1179 multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation 1156:1243 This study represents the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation. 25647413 5 12 theme ethanol 1057:1063 arg1 production 1065:1074 ethanol production 1057:1074 ethanol production 1057:1074 Nutrient composition that diverted carbon and electron flux away from H2 promoting ethanol production was also determined. 25647413 1 13 theme DSM 301:303 arg1 1237 305:308 Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237 276:308 Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237 276:308 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 6 14 theme first 1123:1127 arg1 investigation 1129:1141 the first investigation 1119:1141 the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation 1119:1243 This study represents the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation. 25647413 3 15 theme 2 708:708 arg1 g/L 710:712 g/L 710:712 g/L 710:712 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 1 16 theme hydrogen 210:217 arg1 production 224:233 hydrogen (H2) production 210:233 hydrogen (H2) production 210:233 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 4 17 theme more 824:827 arg1 H2 829:830 approximately 3.2-fold more H2 801:830 approximately 3.2-fold more H2 801:830 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 0 18 theme nutrients 28:36 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of influential nutrients during direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum. 0:116 Optimization of influential nutrients during direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum. 25647413 1 19 theme Combinatorial 118:130 arg1 effects 132:138 Combinatorial effects 118:138 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients 118:170 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 2 20 theme extract 451:457 arg1 concentrations 416:429 concentrations 416:429 concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture 416:502 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 0 21 theme influential 16:26 arg1 nutrients 28:36 influential nutrients 16:36 influential nutrients 16:36 Optimization of influential nutrients during direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum. 25647413 4 22 theme specific 875:882 arg1 productivity 884:895 50% higher specific productivity 864:895 50% higher specific productivity 864:895 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 2 23 theme composite 321:329 arg1 design 345:350 A central composite face-centered design 311:350 A central composite face-centered design 311:350 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 2 24 theme yeast 445:449 arg1 YE 460:461 YE 460:461 YE 460:461 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 2 24 theme yeast 445:449 arg1 extract 451:457 yeast extract 445:457 yeast extract (YE) 445:462 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 0 25 theme direct 45:50 arg1 fermentation 62:73 direct cellulose fermentation 45:73 direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum 45:115 Optimization of influential nutrients during direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum. 25647413 6 26 with optimization 1168:1179 arg1 RSM 1186:1188 RSM 1186:1188 RSM 1186:1188 This study represents the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation. 25647413 4 27 theme optimized 775:783 arg1 medium 785:790 the optimized medium 771:790 the optimized medium 771:790 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 2 28 theme chloride 479:486 arg1 concentrations 416:429 concentrations 416:429 concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture 416:502 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 4 29 theme similar 957:963 arg1 studies 965:971 similar studies 957:971 similar studies 957:971 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 6 30 theme cellulose 1222:1230 arg1 fermentation 1232:1243 direct cellulose fermentation 1215:1243 direct cellulose fermentation 1215:1243 This study represents the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation. 25647413 2 31 theme cellulose 434:442 arg1 concentrations 416:429 concentrations 416:429 concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture 416:502 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 2 32 theme magnesium 469:477 arg1 Mg 489:490 Mg 489:490 Mg 489:490 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 2 32 theme magnesium 469:477 arg1 chloride 479:486 magnesium chloride 469:486 magnesium chloride (Mg) 469:491 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 5 33 theme electron 1020:1027 arg1 flux 1029:1032 electron flux 1020:1032 electron flux 1020:1032 Nutrient composition that diverted carbon and electron flux away from H2 promoting ethanol production was also determined. 25647413 3 34 theme 57.28 588:592 arg1 mmol 594:597 mmol 594:597 mmol 594:597 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 0 35 theme cellulose 52:60 arg1 fermentation 62:73 direct cellulose fermentation 45:73 direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum 45:115 Optimization of influential nutrients during direct cellulose fermentation into hydrogen by Clostridium thermocellum. 25647413 4 36 from studies 965:971 arg1 values 945:950 previously reported values 925:950 previously reported values from similar studies 925:971 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 3 37 theme mmol 594:597 arg1 H2/L-culture 599:610 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture 588:610 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) 588:664 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 1 38 theme influential 143:153 arg1 nutrients 162:170 influential growth nutrients 143:170 influential growth nutrients 143:170 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 4 39 with time-frame 848:857 arg1 productivity 884:895 50% higher specific productivity 864:895 50% higher specific productivity 864:895 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 5 40 theme Nutrient 974:981 arg1 composition 983:993 Nutrient composition 974:993 Nutrient composition that diverted carbon and electron flux away from H2 promoting ethanol production 974:1074 Nutrient composition that diverted carbon and electron flux away from H2 promoting ethanol production was also determined. 25647413 4 41 theme higher 868:873 arg1 productivity 884:895 50% higher specific productivity 864:895 50% higher specific productivity 864:895 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 4 42 theme unaltered 753:761 arg1 medium 763:768 the unaltered medium 749:768 the unaltered medium 749:768 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 3 43 theme H2/mol 626:631 arg1 glucose 633:639 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose 617:639 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose 617:639 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 2 44 from concentrations 416:429 arg1 culture 496:502 culture 496:502 culture 496:502 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 1 45 theme growth 155:160 arg1 nutrients 162:170 influential growth nutrients 143:170 influential growth nutrients 143:170 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 2 46 theme face-centered 331:343 arg1 design 345:350 A central composite face-centered design 311:350 A central composite face-centered design 311:350 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 1 47 theme direct 242:247 arg1 conversion 249:258 direct conversion 242:258 direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237 242:308 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 6 48 theme H2 1194:1195 arg1 production 1197:1206 H2 production 1194:1206 H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation 1194:1243 This study represents the first investigation dealing with multifactor optimization with RSM for H2 production during direct cellulose fermentation. 25647413 1 49 theme nutrients 162:170 arg1 effects 132:138 Combinatorial effects 118:138 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients 118:170 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 2 50 theme surface 365:371 arg1 methodology 373:383 response surface methodology 356:383 response surface methodology (RSM) 356:389 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 2 50 theme surface 365:371 arg1 RSM 386:388 RSM 386:388 RSM 386:388 A central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to optimize concentrations of cellulose, yeast extract (YE), and magnesium chloride (Mg) in culture. 25647413 4 51 theme reported 936:943 arg1 values 945:950 previously reported values 925:950 previously reported values from similar studies 925:971 Compared with the unaltered medium, the optimized medium produced approximately 3.2-fold more H2 within the same time-frame with 50% higher specific productivity, which are also better than previously reported values from similar studies. 25647413 1 52 dep Clostridium 276:286 arg1 thermocellum 288:299 thermocellum 288:299 thermocellum 288:299 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 3 53 theme 1.30 617:620 arg1 mol 622:624 mol 622:624 mol 622:624 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 1 54 theme H2 220:221 arg1 production 224:233 hydrogen (H2) production 210:233 hydrogen (H2) production 210:233 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 25647413 3 55 theme overall 509:515 arg1 composition 525:535 The overall optimum composition 505:535 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function 505:574 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 56 theme optimum 517:523 arg1 composition 525:535 The overall optimum composition 505:535 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function 505:574 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 57 theme g/L 693:695 arg1 cellulose 697:705 25 g/L cellulose 690:705 25 g/L cellulose 690:705 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 58 theme mol 622:624 arg1 glucose 633:639 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose 617:639 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose 617:639 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 59 contain contained 680:688 arg2 YE 714:715 2 g/L YE 708:715 2 g/L YE 708:715 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 59 contain contained 680:688 arg2 cellulose 697:705 25 g/L cellulose 690:705 25 g/L cellulose 690:705 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 59 contain contained 680:688 arg2 g/L 727:729 1.75 g/L 722:729 1.75 g/L Mg 722:732 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 3 59 contain contained 680:688 arg1 cultures 671:678 cultures 671:678 cultures 671:678 The overall optimum composition generated by the desirability function resulted in 57.28 mmol H2/L-culture with 1.30 mol H2/mol glucose and 7.48 mmol/(g·cell·h) when cultures contained 25 g/L cellulose, 2 g/L YE, and 1.75 g/L Mg. 25647413 1 60 theme cellulose 263:271 arg1 conversion 249:258 direct conversion 242:258 direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237 242:308 Combinatorial effects of influential growth nutrients were investigated in order to enhance hydrogen (H2) production during direct conversion of cellulose by Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1237. 27177209 2 0 theme chain 312:316 arg1 composition 284:294 composition 284:294 composition 284:294 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 2 0 theme chain 312:316 arg1 sequence 271:278 sequence 271:278 sequence 271:278 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 7 1 located found 1091:1095 arg1 general 1037:1043 general 1037:1043 general 1037:1043 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 7 1 located found 1091:1095 arg2 fractions 1054:1062 greater fractions 1046:1062 greater fractions of mannuronic monomers 1046:1085 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 8 2 theme chain 1180:1184 arg1 content 1201:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 3 from differences 1165:1175 arg1 content 1201:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 2 4 theme alginate 303:310 arg1 chain 312:316 the alginate chain 299:316 the alginate chain 299:316 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 7 5 theme monomers 1078:1085 arg1 fractions 1054:1062 greater fractions 1046:1062 greater fractions of mannuronic monomers 1046:1085 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 8 6 theme mannuronic 1350:1359 arg1 residues 1361:1368 the mannuronic residues 1346:1368 the mannuronic residues 1346:1368 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 3 7 theme heteropolymeric 534:548 arg1 blocks 550:555 heteropolymeric blocks 534:555 heteropolymeric blocks 534:555 Chain flexibility is generally believed to decrease with guluronic residue content, but it is also known that both polymannuronate and polyguluronate blocks are stiffer than heteropolymeric blocks. 27177209 8 8 theme interchain 1240:1249 arg1 entanglement 1326:1337 entanglement 1326:1337 entanglement 1326:1337 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 8 theme interchain 1240:1249 arg1 mechanism 1311:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 8 theme interchain 1240:1249 arg1 association 1291:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 8 theme interchain 1240:1249 arg1 mechanisms 1263:1272 different interchain association mechanisms 1230:1272 different interchain association mechanisms 1230:1272 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 6 9 theme solution 1013:1020 arg1 conditions 1022:1031 certain solution conditions 1005:1031 certain solution conditions 1005:1031 However, aggregation is predominantly affected by alginate monomer composition, which is found to correlate with chain stiffness under certain solution conditions. 27177209 7 10 theme chain 1109:1113 arg1 flexibility 1115:1125 chain flexibility 1109:1125 chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains 1109:1149 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 7 11 theme mannuronic 1067:1076 arg1 monomers 1078:1085 mannuronic monomers 1067:1085 mannuronic monomers 1067:1085 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 2 12 theme ion 245:247 arg1 type 249:252 ion type 245:252 ion type 245:252 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 7 13 theme greater 1046:1052 arg1 fractions 1054:1062 greater fractions 1046:1062 greater fractions of mannuronic monomers 1046:1085 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 4 14 theme Ca 723:724 arg1 concentrations 730:743 various Ca(2+) concentrations 715:743 various Ca(2+) concentrations 715:743 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 0 15 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 0:67 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 27177209 4 16 theme various 715:721 arg1 concentrations 730:743 various Ca(2+) concentrations 715:743 various Ca(2+) concentrations 715:743 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 8 17 theme different 1230:1238 arg1 entanglement 1326:1337 entanglement 1326:1337 entanglement 1326:1337 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 17 theme different 1230:1238 arg1 mechanism 1311:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 17 theme different 1230:1238 arg1 association 1291:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 17 theme different 1230:1238 arg1 mechanisms 1263:1272 different interchain association mechanisms 1230:1272 different interchain association mechanisms 1230:1272 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 0 18 theme Sodium 31:36 arg1 Alginate 38:45 Sodium Alginate 31:45 Sodium Alginate 31:45 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 27177209 8 19 theme lateral 1283:1289 arg1 association 1291:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 20 theme zipper 1304:1309 arg1 mechanism 1311:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 4 21 theme dynamics 599:606 arg1 simulation 608:617 atomistic molecular dynamics simulation 579:617 atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition 579:788 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 7 22 theme chains 1144:1149 arg1 flexibility 1115:1125 chain flexibility 1109:1125 chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains 1109:1149 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 6 23 theme monomer 929:935 arg1 composition 937:947 alginate monomer composition 920:947 alginate monomer composition 920:947 However, aggregation is predominantly affected by alginate monomer composition, which is found to correlate with chain stiffness under certain solution conditions. 27177209 2 24 theme chains 173:178 arg1 mechanics 214:222 mechanics 214:222 mechanics 214:222 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 2 24 theme chains 173:178 arg1 association 154:164 The association 150:164 The association of the chains 150:178 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 2 24 theme chains 173:178 arg1 structure 200:208 gel structure 196:208 gel structure 196:208 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 1 25 theme physical 109:116 arg1 gel 118:120 a physical gel 107:120 a physical gel 107:120 Alginate readily aggregates and forms a physical gel in the presence of cations. 27177209 4 26 theme molecular 589:597 arg1 simulation 608:617 atomistic molecular dynamics simulation 579:617 atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition 579:788 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 8 27 theme acid 1196:1199 arg1 content 1201:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 6 28 theme alginate 920:927 arg1 composition 937:947 alginate monomer composition 920:947 alginate monomer composition 920:947 However, aggregation is predominantly affected by alginate monomer composition, which is found to correlate with chain stiffness under certain solution conditions. 27177209 6 29 theme certain 1005:1011 arg1 conditions 1022:1031 certain solution conditions 1005:1031 certain solution conditions 1005:1031 However, aggregation is predominantly affected by alginate monomer composition, which is found to correlate with chain stiffness under certain solution conditions. 27177209 3 30 theme guluronic 417:425 arg1 content 435:441 guluronic residue content 417:441 guluronic residue content 417:441 Chain flexibility is generally believed to decrease with guluronic residue content, but it is also known that both polymannuronate and polyguluronate blocks are stiffer than heteropolymeric blocks. 27177209 0 31 theme Alginate 38:45 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 0:67 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 27177209 8 32 theme guluronic 1186:1194 arg1 content 1201:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 chain guluronic acid content 1180:1207 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 33 theme chain 1440:1444 arg1 association 1446:1456 chain association 1440:1456 chain association 1440:1456 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 33 theme chain 1440:1444 arg1 moderator 1408:1416 an elasticity moderator 1394:1416 an elasticity moderator 1394:1416 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 7 34 theme heteropolymer 1130:1142 arg1 chains 1144:1149 heteropolymer chains 1130:1149 heteropolymer chains 1130:1149 In general, greater fractions of mannuronic monomers are found to increase chain flexibility of heteropolymer chains. 27177209 3 35 theme residue 427:433 arg1 content 435:441 guluronic residue content 417:441 guluronic residue content 417:441 Chain flexibility is generally believed to decrease with guluronic residue content, but it is also known that both polymannuronate and polyguluronate blocks are stiffer than heteropolymeric blocks. 27177209 0 36 theme Alginate 59:66 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 0:67 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 27177209 5 37 theme chain 838:842 arg1 aggregation 844:854 chain aggregation 838:854 chain aggregation 838:854 We show that Ca(2+) ions in general facilitate chain aggregation and gelation. 27177209 4 38 theme alginate 693:700 arg1 chains 702:707 different alginate chains 683:707 different alginate chains 683:707 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 0 39 theme Calcium 51:57 arg1 Alginate 59:66 Calcium Alginate 51:66 Calcium Alginate 51:66 Structural Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Alginate. 27177209 2 40 theme gel 196:198 arg1 structure 200:208 gel structure 196:208 gel structure 196:208 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 4 41 theme different 683:691 arg1 chains 702:707 different alginate chains 683:707 different alginate chains 683:707 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 8 42 theme elasticity 1397:1406 arg1 association 1446:1456 chain association 1440:1456 chain association 1440:1456 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 42 theme elasticity 1397:1406 arg1 moderator 1408:1416 an elasticity moderator 1394:1416 an elasticity moderator 1394:1416 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 4 43 dep association 644:654 arg1 the 640:642 the 640:642 the 640:642 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 4 44 theme alginate 763:770 arg1 composition 778:788 different alginate chain composition 753:788 different alginate chain composition 753:788 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 2 45 dep sequence 271:278 arg1 the 267:269 the 267:269 the 267:269 The association of the chains, and ultimately gel structure and mechanics, depends not only on ion type, but also on the sequence and composition of the alginate chain that ultimately determines its stiffness. 27177209 3 46 theme polyguluronate 495:508 arg1 blocks 510:515 polyguluronate blocks 495:515 polyguluronate blocks 495:515 Chain flexibility is generally believed to decrease with guluronic residue content, but it is also known that both polymannuronate and polyguluronate blocks are stiffer than heteropolymeric blocks. 27177209 4 47 theme different 753:761 arg1 composition 778:788 different alginate chain composition 753:788 different alginate chain composition 753:788 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 4 48 theme chains 702:707 arg1 structure 670:678 aggregate structure 660:678 aggregate structure 660:678 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 4 48 theme chains 702:707 arg1 association 644:654 association 644:654 association 644:654 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 6 49 theme chain 983:987 arg1 stiffness 989:997 chain stiffness 983:997 chain stiffness 983:997 However, aggregation is predominantly affected by alginate monomer composition, which is found to correlate with chain stiffness under certain solution conditions. 27177209 8 50 theme association 1251:1261 arg1 entanglement 1326:1337 entanglement 1326:1337 entanglement 1326:1337 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 50 theme association 1251:1261 arg1 mechanism 1311:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 zipper mechanism 1304:1319 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 50 theme association 1251:1261 arg1 association 1291:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 lateral association 1283:1301 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 8 50 theme association 1251:1261 arg1 mechanisms 1263:1272 different interchain association mechanisms 1230:1272 different interchain association mechanisms 1230:1272 Furthermore, differences in chain guluronic acid content are shown to lead to different interchain association mechanisms, such as lateral association, zipper mechanism, and entanglement, where the mannuronic residues are shown to operate as an elasticity moderator and therefore promote chain association. 27177209 5 51 theme Ca 804:805 arg1 ions 811:814 Ca(2+) ions 804:814 Ca(2+) ions in general 804:825 We show that Ca(2+) ions in general facilitate chain aggregation and gelation. 27177209 4 52 theme aggregate 660:668 arg1 structure 670:678 aggregate structure 660:678 aggregate structure 660:678 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 4 53 theme atomistic 579:587 arg1 simulation 608:617 atomistic molecular dynamics simulation 579:617 atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition 579:788 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 3 54 theme Chain 360:364 arg1 flexibility 366:376 Chain flexibility 360:376 Chain flexibility 360:376 Chain flexibility is generally believed to decrease with guluronic residue content, but it is also known that both polymannuronate and polyguluronate blocks are stiffer than heteropolymeric blocks. 27177209 4 55 theme chain 772:776 arg1 composition 778:788 different alginate chain composition 753:788 different alginate chain composition 753:788 In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to primarily explore the association and aggregate structure of different alginate chains under various Ca(2+) concentrations and for different alginate chain composition. 27177209 5 56 from ions 811:814 arg1 general 819:825 general 819:825 general 819:825 We show that Ca(2+) ions in general facilitate chain aggregation and gelation. 27177209 1 57 theme cations 141:147 arg1 presence 129:136 the presence 125:136 the presence of cations 125:147 Alginate readily aggregates and forms a physical gel in the presence of cations. 29194366 0 0 from Impact 14:19 arg1 Ecosystem 40:48 the Gut Ecosystem 32:48 the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization 32:119 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 1 1 theme microbiota 235:244 arg1 composition 198:208 composition 198:208 composition 198:208 Prebiotics and probiotics strongly impact the gut ecosystem by changing the composition and/or metabolism of the microbiota to improve the health of the host. 29194366 4 2 theme magnetic 657:664 arg1 resonance 666:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 2 theme magnetic 657:664 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 3 3 contain have 482:485 arg2 impact 493:498 a low impact 487:498 a low impact 487:498 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 3 3 contain have 482:485 arg1 foods 471:475 non-pre/probiotic foods 453:475 non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact 453:498 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 4 4 theme important 870:878 arg1 factors 880:886 important factors 870:886 important factors 870:886 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 5 theme Pteridium 1215:1223 arg1 intake 1235:1240 Pteridium aquilinum intake 1215:1240 Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake 1181:1240 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 4 6 theme emission 748:755 arg1 spectroscopy 757:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 6 theme emission 748:755 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 7 theme network 1264:1270 arg1 module 1272:1277 the functional network module 1249:1277 the functional network module 1249:1277 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 4 8 theme plasma-optical 733:746 arg1 spectroscopy 757:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 8 theme plasma-optical 733:746 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 0 9 theme Learning 86:93 arg1 Combination 63:73 the Combination 59:73 the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization 59:119 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 4 10 theme next-generation 677:691 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 10 theme next-generation 677:691 arg1 sequencing 697:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 11 theme functional 1253:1262 arg1 module 1272:1277 the functional network module 1249:1277 the functional network module 1249:1277 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 3 12 theme low 489:491 arg1 impact 493:498 a low impact 487:498 a low impact 487:498 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 2 13 theme daily 364:368 arg1 diet 370:373 daily diet 364:373 daily diet 364:373 However, the composition of the microbiota constantly changes due to the intake of daily diet. 29194366 0 14 theme Machine 78:84 arg1 Learning 86:93 Machine Learning 78:93 Machine Learning 78:93 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 4 15 theme learning 818:825 arg1 combination 795:805 a combination 793:805 a combination 793:805 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 16 theme data 615:618 arg1 acquisition 600:610 comprehensive acquisition 586:610 comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach 586:916 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 17 theme visualization 839:851 arg1 combination 795:805 a combination 793:805 a combination 793:805 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 18 theme small 1137:1141 arg1 shift 1159:1163 a small but significant shift 1135:1163 a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake 1135:1240 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 1 19 theme gut 168:170 arg1 ecosystem 172:180 the gut ecosystem 164:180 the gut ecosystem 164:180 Prebiotics and probiotics strongly impact the gut ecosystem by changing the composition and/or metabolism of the microbiota to improve the health of the host. 29194366 4 20 theme network 831:837 arg1 visualization 839:851 network visualization 831:851 network visualization 831:851 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 21 theme existing 626:633 arg1 sequencing 697:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 21 theme existing 626:633 arg1 spectroscopy 757:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 21 theme existing 626:633 arg1 resonance 666:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 21 theme existing 626:633 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 22 theme Matteuccia 1181:1190 arg1 struthiopteris 1192:1205 Matteuccia struthiopteris 1181:1205 Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake 1181:1240 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 0 23 theme Network 99:105 arg1 Visualization 107:119 Network Visualization 99:119 Network Visualization 99:119 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 4 24 theme coupled 725:731 arg1 spectroscopy 757:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 24 theme coupled 725:731 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 3 25 theme considerable 423:434 arg1 impact 436:441 a considerable impact 421:441 a considerable impact 421:441 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 4 26 theme Forest 902:907 arg1 approach 909:916 the Random Forest approach 891:916 the Random Forest approach 891:916 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 27 theme analytical 1090:1099 arg1 method 1101:1106 This novel analytical method 1079:1106 This novel analytical method 1079:1106 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 1 28 theme host 275:278 arg1 health 261:266 the health 257:266 the health of the host 257:278 Prebiotics and probiotics strongly impact the gut ecosystem by changing the composition and/or metabolism of the microbiota to improve the health of the host. 29194366 3 29 contain has 417:419 arg2 impact 436:441 a considerable impact 421:441 a considerable impact 421:441 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 3 29 contain has 417:419 arg1 shift 381:385 This shift 376:385 This shift in the microbiota composition 376:415 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 7 30 theme new 1350:1352 arg1 food 1363:1366 a new valuable food 1348:1366 a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics 1348:1418 In this study, we proposed a novel method that is useful to explore a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics. 29194366 7 31 theme host 1397:1400 arg1 health 1383:1388 the health 1379:1388 the health of the host as pre/probiotics 1379:1418 In this study, we proposed a novel method that is useful to explore a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics. 29194366 0 32 theme Food 24:27 arg1 Impact 14:19 the Impact 10:19 the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization 10:119 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 0 33 theme Visualization 107:119 arg1 Combination 63:73 the Combination 59:73 the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization 59:119 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 5 34 theme daily 1067:1071 arg1 diet 1073:1076 the representative daily diet 1048:1076 the representative daily diet 1048:1076 We used two pteridophytes, Pteridium aquilinum and Matteuccia struthiopteris, for the representative daily diet. 29194366 3 35 theme sensitive 544:552 arg1 method 565:570 a highly sensitive evaluation method 535:570 a highly sensitive evaluation method 535:570 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 2 36 theme diet 370:373 arg1 intake 354:359 the intake 350:359 the intake of daily diet 350:373 However, the composition of the microbiota constantly changes due to the intake of daily diet. 29194366 0 37 theme Gut 36:38 arg1 Ecosystem 40:48 the Gut Ecosystem 32:48 the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization 32:119 Exploring the Impact of Food on the Gut Ecosystem Based on the Combination of Machine Learning and Network Visualization. 29194366 3 38 theme microbiota 394:403 arg1 composition 405:415 the microbiota composition 390:415 the microbiota composition 390:415 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 4 39 theme machine 810:816 arg1 learning 818:825 machine learning 810:825 machine learning 810:825 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 2 40 theme microbiota 313:322 arg1 composition 294:304 the composition 290:304 the composition of the microbiota 290:322 However, the composition of the microbiota constantly changes due to the intake of daily diet. 29194366 3 41 from shift 381:385 arg1 composition 405:415 the microbiota composition 390:415 the microbiota composition 390:415 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 6 42 theme shift 1159:1163 arg1 impact 1125:1130 the impact 1121:1130 the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake 1121:1240 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 3 43 theme non-pre/probiotic 453:469 arg1 foods 471:475 non-pre/probiotic foods 453:475 non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact 453:498 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 4 44 theme Random 895:900 arg1 approach 909:916 the Random Forest approach 891:916 the Random Forest approach 891:916 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 7 45 theme novel 1309:1313 arg1 useful 1330:1335 useful 1330:1335 useful 1330:1335 In this study, we proposed a novel method that is useful to explore a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics. 29194366 7 45 theme novel 1309:1313 arg1 method 1315:1320 a novel method 1307:1320 a novel method that is useful to explore a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics 1307:1418 In this study, we proposed a novel method that is useful to explore a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics. 29194366 4 46 dep measurements 635:646 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 46 dep measurements 635:646 arg1 resonance 666:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 46 dep measurements 635:646 arg1 spectroscopy 757:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy 713:768 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 46 dep measurements 635:646 arg1 sequencing 697:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 47 theme aquilinum 1225:1233 arg1 intake 1235:1240 Pteridium aquilinum intake 1215:1240 Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake 1181:1240 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 5 48 used used 969:972 arg2 We 966:967 We 966:967 We 966:967 We used two pteridophytes, Pteridium aquilinum and Matteuccia struthiopteris, for the representative daily diet. 29194366 1 49 dep composition 198:208 arg1 the 194:196 the 194:196 the 194:196 Prebiotics and probiotics strongly impact the gut ecosystem by changing the composition and/or metabolism of the microbiota to improve the health of the host. 29194366 5 50 theme representative 1052:1065 arg1 diet 1073:1076 the representative daily diet 1048:1076 the representative daily diet 1048:1076 We used two pteridophytes, Pteridium aquilinum and Matteuccia struthiopteris, for the representative daily diet. 29194366 4 51 theme DNA 693:695 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 51 theme DNA 693:695 arg1 sequencing 697:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 next-generation DNA sequencing 677:706 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 52 theme network 950:956 arg1 module 958:963 a network module 948:963 a network module 948:963 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 3 53 theme evaluation 554:563 arg1 method 565:570 a highly sensitive evaluation method 535:570 a highly sensitive evaluation method 535:570 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 4 54 theme comprehensive 586:598 arg1 acquisition 600:610 comprehensive acquisition 586:610 comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach 586:916 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 55 theme nuclear 649:655 arg1 resonance 666:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 nuclear magnetic resonance 649:674 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 4 55 theme nuclear 649:655 arg1 measurements 635:646 existing measurements 626:646 existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) 626:769 We performed comprehensive acquisition of data using existing measurements (nuclear magnetic resonance, next-generation DNA sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and analyses based on a combination of machine learning and network visualization, which extracted important factors by the Random Forest approach, and applied these factors to a network module. 29194366 6 56 theme significant 1147:1157 arg1 shift 1159:1163 a small but significant shift 1135:1163 a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake 1135:1240 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 3 57 theme method 565:570 arg1 lack 527:530 the lack 523:530 the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method 523:570 This shift in the microbiota composition has a considerable impact; however, non-pre/probiotic foods that have a low impact are ignored because of the lack of a highly sensitive evaluation method. 29194366 6 58 theme novel 1084:1088 arg1 method 1101:1106 This novel analytical method 1079:1106 This novel analytical method 1079:1106 This novel analytical method could detect the impact of a small but significant shift associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris but not Pteridium aquilinum intake, using the functional network module. 29194366 7 59 theme valuable 1354:1361 arg1 food 1363:1366 a new valuable food 1348:1366 a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics 1348:1418 In this study, we proposed a novel method that is useful to explore a new valuable food to improve the health of the host as pre/probiotics. 28803646 2 0 from information 449:459 arg1 changes 484:490 adsorption enthalpy changes 464:490 adsorption enthalpy changes 464:490 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 3 1 theme Hoff 660:663 arg1 plots 665:669 van't Hoff plots 654:669 van't Hoff plots 654:669 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 6 2 theme solute-solvent 1349:1362 arg1 interactions 1364:1375 solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions 1312:1375 solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions 1312:1375 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model is developed herein to account for solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions. 28803646 2 3 theme ln 348:349 arg1 k 351:351 ln k 348:351 ln k 348:351 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 1 4 used used 155:158 arg2 plots 132:136 Van't Hoff plots 121:136 Van't Hoff plots 121:136 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 4 5 theme ΔH0 1095:1097 arg1 reaches 1099:1105 ΔH0 reaches 1095:1105 ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol 1095:1129 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 10 6 theme mechanisms 2049:2058 arg1 properties 2025:2034 the thermodynamic properties 2007:2034 the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms 2007:2058 The new model is thus demonstrated to be more reliable than the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms. 28803646 2 7 with line 388:391 arg1 slope 400:404 a slope 398:404 a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. 398:417 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 3 8 theme modifier 683:690 arg1 concentrations 692:705 solvent modifier concentrations 675:705 solvent modifier concentrations 675:705 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 2 9 theme retention 283:291 arg1 k 300:300 the retention factor k 279:300 the retention factor k 279:300 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 9 10 theme enthalpic 1750:1758 arg1 curves 1760:1765 van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1739:1765 van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1739:1765 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 2 11 theme temperature 317:327 arg1 range 329:333 a certain temperature range 307:333 a certain temperature range 307:333 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 1 12 theme thermodynamic 182:194 arg1 properties 196:205 the thermodynamic properties 178:205 the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems 178:263 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 7 13 theme MTBE 1482:1485 arg1 concentrations 1487:1500 different MTBE concentrations 1472:1500 different MTBE concentrations 1472:1500 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 9 14 theme adsorption 1779:1788 arg1 isotherm 1790:1797 the adsorption isotherm 1775:1797 the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation 1775:1826 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 9 14 theme adsorption 1779:1788 arg1 result 1717:1722 a result 1715:1722 a result 1715:1722 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 9 14 theme adsorption 1779:1788 arg1 information 1831:1841 information 1831:1841 information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption 1831:1912 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 8 15 theme key 1531:1533 arg1 groups 1549:1554 two key dimensionless groups 1527:1554 two key dimensionless groups 1527:1554 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 9 16 theme MTBE 1886:1889 arg1 adsorption 1903:1912 MTBE competitive adsorption 1886:1912 MTBE competitive adsorption 1886:1912 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 1 17 theme processes 221:229 arg1 properties 196:205 the thermodynamic properties 178:205 the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems 178:263 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 2 18 theme solvent 554:560 arg1 effect 540:545 the effect 536:545 the effect of the solvent 536:560 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 7 19 theme enthalpy 1452:1459 arg1 changes 1461:1467 the apparent enthalpy changes 1439:1467 the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations 1439:1500 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 1 20 from properties 196:205 arg1 systems 257:263 various chromatography systems 234:263 various chromatography systems 234:263 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 4 21 theme enthalpy 939:946 arg1 dependent 980:988 dependent 980:988 dependent 980:988 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 4 21 theme enthalpy 939:946 arg1 changes 948:954 The apparent enthalpy changes 926:954 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes 926:965 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 6 22 theme new 1226:1228 arg1 model 1271:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model 1224:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model 1224:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model is developed herein to account for solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions. 28803646 6 23 theme thermodynamic 1257:1269 arg1 model 1271:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model 1224:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model 1224:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model is developed herein to account for solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions. 28803646 0 24 theme Hoff 43:46 arg1 curve 58:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve 33:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 33:76 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 25 theme 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based 883:915 arg1 sorbent 917:923 an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 872:923 an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 872:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 2 26 theme enthalpy 475:482 arg1 changes 484:490 adsorption enthalpy changes 464:490 adsorption enthalpy changes 464:490 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 8 27 theme enthalpic 1579:1587 arg1 curves 1589:1594 the van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1564:1594 the van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1564:1594 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 5 28 theme thermodynamic 1170:1182 arg1 model 1184:1188 the thermodynamic model 1166:1188 the thermodynamic model currently used in the literature 1166:1221 These data cannot be explained by the thermodynamic model currently used in the literature. 28803646 0 29 from Effect 0:5 arg1 curve 58:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve 33:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 33:76 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 30 theme tert-butyl 830:839 arg1 ether 841:845 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether 811:845 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 811:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 30 theme tert-butyl 830:839 arg1 MTBE 848:851 MTBE 848:851 MTBE 848:851 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 31 dep solutes-tetrahydrofuran 757:779 arg1 ether 841:845 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether 811:845 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 811:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 31 dep solutes-tetrahydrofuran 757:779 arg1 MTBE 848:851 MTBE 848:851 MTBE 848:851 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 2 32 theme theoretical 497:507 arg1 basis 509:513 its theoretical basis 493:513 its theoretical basis 493:513 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 2 33 theme straight 379:386 arg1 line 388:391 a straight line 377:391 a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. 377:417 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 8 34 theme solute 1614:1619 arg1 molecules 1621:1629 solute molecules 1614:1629 solute molecules 1614:1629 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 2 35 theme -ΔHvH0/R. 409:417 arg1 slope 400:404 a slope 398:404 a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. 398:417 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 0 36 theme solvent 10:16 arg1 composition 18:28 solvent composition 10:28 solvent composition 10:28 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 4 37 theme MTBE 1037:1040 arg1 content 1042:1048 MTBE content 1037:1048 MTBE content 1037:1048 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 8 38 theme modifier 1640:1647 arg1 molecules 1649:1657 modifier molecules 1640:1657 modifier molecules 1640:1657 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 3 39 theme enthalpy 612:619 arg1 changes 621:627 apparent enthalpy changes 603:627 apparent enthalpy changes 603:627 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 0 40 theme va 37:38 arg1 curve 58:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve 33:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 33:76 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 4 41 theme -15kJ/mol 1121:1129 arg1 reaches 1099:1105 ΔH0 reaches 1095:1105 ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol 1095:1129 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 10 42 theme current 1979:1985 arg1 model 1987:1991 the current model 1975:1991 the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms 1975:2058 The new model is thus demonstrated to be more reliable than the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms. 28803646 2 43 theme 1/T 360:362 arg1 plot 340:343 the plot 336:343 the plot of ln k versus 1/T 336:362 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 1 44 theme chromatography 242:255 arg1 systems 257:263 various chromatography systems 234:263 various chromatography systems 234:263 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 3 45 theme solvent 675:681 arg1 concentrations 692:705 solvent modifier concentrations 675:705 solvent modifier concentrations 675:705 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 2 46 theme k 351:351 arg1 plot 340:343 the plot 336:343 the plot of ln k versus 1/T 336:362 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 9 47 theme va 1739:1740 arg1 curves 1760:1765 van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1739:1765 van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1739:1765 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 10 48 theme retention 2039:2047 arg1 mechanisms 2049:2058 retention mechanisms 2039:2058 retention mechanisms 2039:2058 The new model is thus demonstrated to be more reliable than the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms. 28803646 6 49 theme solvent-sorbent 1328:1342 arg1 interactions 1364:1375 solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions 1312:1375 solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions 1312:1375 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model is developed herein to account for solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions. 28803646 2 50 theme factor 293:298 arg1 k 300:300 the retention factor k 279:300 the retention factor k 279:300 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 9 51 theme Hoff 1745:1748 arg1 curves 1760:1765 van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1739:1765 van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1739:1765 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 9 52 theme solute-MTBE 1853:1863 arg1 complexation 1865:1876 solute-MTBE complexation 1853:1876 solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption 1853:1912 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 6 53 theme solute-sorbent 1312:1325 arg1 interactions 1364:1375 solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions 1312:1375 solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions 1312:1375 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model is developed herein to account for solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions. 28803646 9 54 theme curves 1760:1765 arg1 shapes 1729:1734 the shapes 1725:1734 the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1725:1765 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 3 55 theme simple 750:755 arg1 solutes-tetrahydrofuran 757:779 three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran 744:779 three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran 744:779 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 2 56 theme certain 309:315 arg1 range 329:333 a certain temperature range 307:333 a certain temperature range 307:333 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 8 57 theme dimensionless 1535:1547 arg1 groups 1549:1554 two key dimensionless groups 1527:1554 two key dimensionless groups 1527:1554 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 10 58 theme new 1919:1921 arg1 reliable 1961:1968 reliable 1961:1968 reliable 1961:1968 The new model is thus demonstrated to be more reliable than the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms. 28803646 10 58 theme new 1919:1921 arg1 model 1923:1927 The new model 1915:1927 The new model 1915:1927 The new model is thus demonstrated to be more reliable than the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms. 28803646 1 59 theme adsorption 210:219 arg1 processes 221:229 adsorption processes 210:229 adsorption processes 210:229 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 4 60 theme solutes 959:965 arg1 dependent 980:988 dependent 980:988 dependent 980:988 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 4 60 theme solutes 959:965 arg1 changes 948:954 The apparent enthalpy changes 926:954 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes 926:965 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 7 61 theme different 1472:1480 arg1 concentrations 1487:1500 different MTBE concentrations 1472:1500 different MTBE concentrations 1472:1500 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 3 62 with ether 841:845 arg1 sorbent 917:923 an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 872:923 an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 872:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 1 63 theme Va 121:122 arg1 plots 132:136 Van't Hoff plots 121:136 Van't Hoff plots 121:136 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 9 64 theme MTBE 1802:1805 arg1 isotherm 1790:1797 the adsorption isotherm 1775:1797 the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation 1775:1826 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 9 64 theme MTBE 1802:1805 arg1 result 1717:1722 a result 1715:1722 a result 1715:1722 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 9 64 theme MTBE 1802:1805 arg1 information 1831:1841 information 1831:1841 information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption 1831:1912 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 3 65 dep ether 841:845 arg1 phase 861:865 mobile phase 854:865 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 811:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 1 66 theme Hoff 127:130 arg1 plots 132:136 Van't Hoff plots 121:136 Van't Hoff plots 121:136 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 7 67 from concentrations 1487:1500 arg1 changes 1461:1467 the apparent enthalpy changes 1439:1467 the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations 1439:1500 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 4 68 theme apparent 930:937 arg1 dependent 980:988 dependent 980:988 dependent 980:988 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 4 68 theme apparent 930:937 arg1 changes 948:954 The apparent enthalpy changes 926:954 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes 926:965 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 8 69 theme Hoff 1574:1577 arg1 curves 1589:1594 the van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1564:1594 the van't Hoff enthalpic curves 1564:1594 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 7 70 theme apparent 1443:1450 arg1 changes 1461:1467 the apparent enthalpy changes 1439:1467 the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations 1439:1500 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 3 71 theme n-hexane-methyl 814:828 arg1 ether 841:845 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether 811:845 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 811:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 71 theme n-hexane-methyl 814:828 arg1 MTBE 848:851 MTBE 848:851 MTBE 848:851 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 0 72 theme enthalpic 48:56 arg1 curve 58:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve 33:62 the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 33:76 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 73 theme mobile 854:859 arg1 phase 861:865 mobile phase 854:865 an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 811:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 6 74 theme three-equilibrium-constant 1230:1255 arg1 model 1271:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model 1224:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model 1224:1275 A new three-equilibrium-constant thermodynamic model is developed herein to account for solute-sorbent, solvent-sorbent, and solute-solvent interactions. 28803646 2 75 theme adsorption 464:473 arg1 changes 484:490 adsorption enthalpy changes 464:490 adsorption enthalpy changes 464:490 By measuring the retention factor k over a certain temperature range, the plot of ln k versus 1/T often yields a straight line with a slope of -ΔHvH0/R. Although this method provides information on adsorption enthalpy changes, its theoretical basis does not account for the effect of the solvent. 28803646 3 76 theme amylose 875:881 arg1 sorbent 917:923 an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 872:923 an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent 872:923 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 7 77 theme model 1414:1418 arg1 parameters 1396:1405 The thermodynamic parameters 1378:1405 The thermodynamic parameters of the model 1378:1418 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 9 78 theme competitive 1891:1901 arg1 adsorption 1903:1912 MTBE competitive adsorption 1886:1912 MTBE competitive adsorption 1886:1912 As a result, the shapes of van't Hoff enthalpic curves reflect the adsorption isotherm of MTBE without complexation or information regarding solute-MTBE complexation without MTBE competitive adsorption. 28803646 8 79 theme molecules 1621:1629 arg1 fractions 1601:1609 the fractions 1597:1609 the fractions of solute molecules 1597:1629 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 4 80 theme MTBE 993:996 arg1 concentration 998:1010 MTBE concentration 993:1010 MTBE concentration 993:1010 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 4 81 theme low 1053:1055 arg1 concentrations 1057:1070 low concentrations 1053:1070 low concentrations 1053:1070 The apparent enthalpy changes of solutes are strongly dependent on MTBE concentration, increasing rapidly with MTBE content at low concentrations but leveling off after ΔH0 reaches approximately -15kJ/mol. 28803646 0 82 theme composition 18:28 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 0:76 Effect of solvent composition on the van't Hoff enthalpic curve using amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 7 83 theme thermodynamic 1382:1394 arg1 parameters 1396:1405 The thermodynamic parameters 1378:1405 The thermodynamic parameters of the model 1378:1418 The thermodynamic parameters of the model are estimated from the apparent enthalpy changes at different MTBE concentrations. 28803646 8 84 theme adsorption 1663:1672 arg1 sites 1674:1678 adsorption sites 1663:1678 adsorption sites 1663:1678 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 3 85 theme apparent 603:610 arg1 changes 621:627 apparent enthalpy changes 603:627 apparent enthalpy changes 603:627 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 3 86 theme va 654:655 arg1 plots 665:669 van't Hoff plots 654:669 van't Hoff plots 654:669 In this paper, the relationship between apparent enthalpy changes determined directly from van't Hoff plots and solvent modifier concentrations is systematically investigated using three simple solutes-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and tert-butanol-in an n-hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mobile phase with an amylose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate-based sorbent. 28803646 8 87 theme modifier 1692:1699 arg1 molecules 1701:1709 modifier molecules 1692:1709 modifier molecules 1692:1709 The results reveal that two key dimensionless groups control the van't Hoff enthalpic curves: the fractions of solute molecules bound to modifier molecules and adsorption sites occupied by modifier molecules. 28803646 1 88 theme various 234:240 arg1 systems 257:263 various chromatography systems 234:263 various chromatography systems 234:263 Van't Hoff plots have been widely used for investigating the thermodynamic properties of adsorption processes in various chromatography systems. 28803646 10 89 theme thermodynamic 2011:2023 arg1 properties 2025:2034 the thermodynamic properties 2007:2034 the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms 2007:2058 The new model is thus demonstrated to be more reliable than the current model for examining the thermodynamic properties of retention mechanisms. 27373886 9 0 theme polymer 1596:1602 arg1 residues 1604:1611 any polymer residues 1592:1611 any polymer residues 1592:1611 Detailed ToF-SIMS study showed that granules were clean and free of any polymer residues. 27373886 3 1 theme improved 644:651 arg1 properties 662:671 bioceramic and improved handling properties 629:671 bioceramic and improved handling properties 629:671 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 8 2 from support 1515:1521 arg1 embedded 1482:1489 embedded 1482:1489 embedded 1482:1489 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 2 3 theme cell 328:331 arg1 testing 333:339 cell testing 328:339 cell testing 328:339 Design of samples for cell testing represents an important aspect of the biological evaluation, as it dictates how cells will interact with the biomaterial. 27373886 3 4 theme granules 539:546 arg1 testing 517:523 cell testing 512:523 cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work 512:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 4 5 theme granules 1009:1016 arg1 face 1001:1004 at least one face 988:1004 at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells 988:1096 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 4 6 theme direct 1071:1076 arg1 attachment 1078:1087 direct attachment 1071:1087 direct attachment of cells 1071:1096 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 3 7 theme efficient 677:685 arg1 work 698:701 efficient laboratory work 677:701 efficient laboratory work 677:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 5 8 theme samples 1141:1147 arg1 preparation 1126:1136 preparation 1126:1136 preparation of samples in six steps 1126:1160 METHODS A novel method for preparation of samples in six steps was developed. 27373886 10 9 theme surrounding 1707:1717 arg1 solution 1733:1740 surrounding physiological solution 1707:1740 surrounding physiological solution 1707:1740 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 6 10 theme bilayered 1179:1187 arg1 design 1189:1194 A bilayered design 1177:1194 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles 1177:1239 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 3 11 theme bioceramic 528:537 arg1 granules 539:546 bioceramic granules 528:546 bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work 528:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 9 12 theme residues 1604:1611 arg1 clean 1574:1578 clean 1574:1578 clean 1574:1578 Detailed ToF-SIMS study showed that granules were clean and free of any polymer residues. 27373886 4 13 theme residues 1044:1051 arg1 free 1024:1027 free 1024:1027 free 1024:1027 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 10 14 theme cell 1749:1752 arg1 testing 1754:1760 cell testing 1749:1760 cell testing 1749:1760 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 4 15 theme available 1057:1065 arg1 granules 1009:1016 granules 1009:1016 granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells 1009:1096 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 3 16 theme novel 555:559 arg1 design 561:566 a novel design 553:566 a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work 553:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 1 17 theme biological 196:205 arg1 assessment 207:216 their biological assessment 190:216 their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures 190:244 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 4 18 theme bioceramic 871:880 arg1 granules 882:889 bioceramic granules 871:889 bioceramic granules (upper layer) 871:903 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 4 18 theme bioceramic 871:880 arg1 layer 898:902 upper layer 892:902 upper layer 892:902 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 0 19 from testing 49:55 arg1 form 84:87 granular form 75:87 granular form 75:87 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 27373886 1 20 theme studied 134:140 arg1 material 142:149 a widely studied material 125:149 a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues 125:183 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 1 20 theme studied 134:140 arg1 granules 112:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules 90:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules 90:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 0 21 theme bioceramics 60:70 arg1 testing 49:55 cell testing 44:55 cell testing of bioceramics in granular form 44:87 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 27373886 10 22 theme granules 1685:1692 arg1 exposure 1662:1669 direct exposure 1655:1669 direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing 1655:1760 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 0 23 theme granular 75:82 arg1 form 84:87 granular form 75:87 granular form 75:87 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 27373886 4 24 theme polycaprolactone-bioceramic 740:766 arg1 composite 768:776 a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite 728:776 a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite 728:776 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 6 25 theme alginate 1296:1303 arg1 application 1265:1275 the application 1261:1275 the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol 1261:1351 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 10 26 contain possess 1767:1773 arg2 characteristics 1793:1807 improved handling characteristics 1775:1807 improved handling characteristics 1775:1807 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 10 26 contain possess 1767:1773 arg1 samples 1640:1646 The developed samples 1626:1646 The developed samples 1626:1646 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 5 27 dep METHODS 1099:1105 arg1 method 1115:1120 A novel method 1107:1120 METHODS A novel method for preparation of samples in six steps 1099:1160 METHODS A novel method for preparation of samples in six steps was developed. 27373886 0 28 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 method 6:11 Novel method 0:11 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 0:88 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 27373886 1 29 theme fundamental 254:264 arg1 role 266:269 a fundamental role 252:269 a fundamental role 252:269 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 9 30 theme ToF-SIMS 1533:1540 arg1 study 1542:1546 Detailed ToF-SIMS study 1524:1546 Detailed ToF-SIMS study 1524:1546 Detailed ToF-SIMS study showed that granules were clean and free of any polymer residues. 27373886 1 31 theme BACKGROUND 90:99 arg1 material 142:149 a widely studied material 125:149 a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues 125:183 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 1 31 theme BACKGROUND 90:99 arg1 granules 112:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules 90:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules 90:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 10 32 theme developed 1630:1638 arg1 samples 1640:1646 The developed samples 1626:1646 The developed samples 1626:1646 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 2 33 theme evaluation 390:399 arg1 aspect 365:370 an important aspect 352:370 an important aspect of the biological evaluation 352:399 Design of samples for cell testing represents an important aspect of the biological evaluation, as it dictates how cells will interact with the biomaterial. 27373886 8 34 from embedded 1482:1489 arg1 support 1515:1521 the polycaprolactone support 1494:1521 the polycaprolactone support 1494:1521 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 3 35 theme physical 593:600 arg1 contacts 602:609 direct physical contacts 586:609 direct physical contacts between cells 586:623 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 10 36 theme bioceramic 1674:1683 arg1 granules 1685:1692 bioceramic granules 1674:1692 bioceramic granules 1674:1692 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 1 37 theme bioceramics 293:303 arg1 development 278:288 the development 274:288 the development of bioceramics 274:303 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 4 38 theme polymer 1036:1042 arg1 residues 1044:1051 any polymer residues 1032:1051 any polymer residues 1032:1051 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 10 39 dep CONCLUSIONS 1614:1624 arg1 possess 1767:1773 possess 1767:1773 possess improved handling characteristics 1767:1807 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 10 39 dep CONCLUSIONS 1614:1624 arg1 enable 1648:1653 enable 1648:1653 enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing 1648:1760 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 3 40 theme study 479:483 arg1 aim 467:469 The aim 463:469 The aim of this study 463:483 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 1 41 theme in 223:224 arg1 cultures 237:244 in vitro cell cultures 223:244 in vitro cell cultures 223:244 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 1 42 with assessment 207:216 arg1 cultures 237:244 in vitro cell cultures 223:244 in vitro cell cultures 223:244 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 1 43 theme cell 232:235 arg1 cultures 237:244 in vitro cell cultures 223:244 in vitro cell cultures 223:244 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 4 44 theme uniform 844:850 arg1 embedded 933:940 embedded 933:940 embedded 933:940 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 4 44 theme uniform 844:850 arg1 layer 862:866 a uniform and dense layer 842:866 a uniform and dense layer 842:866 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 3 45 theme handling 653:660 arg1 properties 662:671 bioceramic and improved handling properties 629:671 bioceramic and improved handling properties 629:671 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 6 46 theme exposed 1212:1218 arg1 particles 1231:1239 exposed bioceramic particles 1212:1239 exposed bioceramic particles 1212:1239 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 4 47 theme dense 856:860 arg1 embedded 933:940 embedded 933:940 embedded 933:940 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 4 47 theme dense 856:860 arg1 layer 862:866 a uniform and dense layer 842:866 a uniform and dense layer 842:866 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 5 48 from preparation 1126:1136 arg1 steps 1156:1160 six steps 1152:1160 six steps 1152:1160 METHODS A novel method for preparation of samples in six steps was developed. 27373886 10 49 theme physiological 1719:1731 arg1 solution 1733:1740 surrounding physiological solution 1707:1740 surrounding physiological solution 1707:1740 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 4 50 theme cells 1092:1096 arg1 attachment 1078:1087 direct attachment 1071:1087 direct attachment of cells 1071:1096 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 3 51 theme laboratory 687:696 arg1 work 698:701 efficient laboratory work 677:701 efficient laboratory work 677:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 1 52 theme human 171:175 arg1 tissues 177:183 human tissues 171:183 human tissues 171:183 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 6 53 theme water-soluble 1282:1294 arg1 alginate 1296:1303 a water-soluble alginate 1280:1303 a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol 1280:1351 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 3 54 theme cell 512:515 arg1 testing 517:523 cell testing 512:523 cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work 512:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 4 55 theme upper 892:896 arg1 granules 882:889 bioceramic granules 871:889 bioceramic granules (upper layer) 871:903 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 4 55 theme upper 892:896 arg1 layer 898:902 upper layer 892:902 upper layer 892:902 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 1 56 dep in 223:224 arg1 vitro 226:230 vitro 226:230 vitro 226:230 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 1 57 theme tissues 177:183 arg1 regeneration 155:166 regeneration 155:166 regeneration of human tissues 155:183 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 8 58 theme Bioceramic 1411:1420 arg1 granules 1422:1429 Bioceramic granules 1411:1429 Bioceramic granules 1411:1429 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 6 59 theme sacrificial 1310:1320 arg1 polymer 1322:1328 a sacrificial polymer 1308:1328 a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol 1308:1351 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 10 60 theme improved 1775:1782 arg1 characteristics 1793:1807 improved handling characteristics 1775:1807 improved handling characteristics 1775:1807 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 1 61 theme Bioceramic 101:110 arg1 material 142:149 a widely studied material 125:149 a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues 125:183 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 1 61 theme Bioceramic 101:110 arg1 granules 112:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules 90:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules 90:119 BACKGROUND Bioceramic granules are a widely studied material for regeneration of human tissues, and their biological assessment with in vitro cell cultures plays a fundamental role in the development of bioceramics. 27373886 4 62 theme granules 882:889 arg1 embedded 933:940 embedded 933:940 embedded 933:940 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 4 62 theme granules 882:889 arg1 layer 862:866 a uniform and dense layer 842:866 a uniform and dense layer 842:866 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 8 63 theme uniform 1437:1443 arg1 morphology 1455:1464 a uniform and dense morphology 1435:1464 a uniform and dense morphology 1435:1464 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 6 64 theme method 1337:1342 arg1 protocol 1344:1351 the method protocol 1333:1351 the method protocol 1333:1351 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 8 65 theme dense 1449:1453 arg1 morphology 1455:1464 a uniform and dense morphology 1435:1464 a uniform and dense morphology 1435:1464 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 6 66 from polymer 1322:1328 arg1 protocol 1344:1351 the method protocol 1333:1351 the method protocol 1333:1351 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 3 67 with granules 539:546 arg1 design 561:566 a novel design 553:566 a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work 553:701 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 4 68 theme bilayered 730:738 arg1 composite 768:776 a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite 728:776 a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite 728:776 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 9 69 theme Detailed 1524:1531 arg1 study 1542:1546 Detailed ToF-SIMS study 1524:1546 Detailed ToF-SIMS study 1524:1546 Detailed ToF-SIMS study showed that granules were clean and free of any polymer residues. 27373886 8 70 theme polycaprolactone 1498:1513 arg1 support 1515:1521 the polycaprolactone support 1494:1521 the polycaprolactone support 1494:1521 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 2 71 theme important 355:363 arg1 aspect 365:370 an important aspect 352:370 an important aspect of the biological evaluation 352:399 Design of samples for cell testing represents an important aspect of the biological evaluation, as it dictates how cells will interact with the biomaterial. 27373886 0 72 theme samples 32:38 arg1 fabrication 17:27 fabrication 17:27 fabrication of samples 17:38 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 27373886 3 73 theme direct 586:591 arg1 contacts 602:609 direct physical contacts 586:609 direct physical contacts between cells 586:623 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 2 74 theme biological 379:388 arg1 evaluation 390:399 the biological evaluation 375:399 the biological evaluation 375:399 Design of samples for cell testing represents an important aspect of the biological evaluation, as it dictates how cells will interact with the biomaterial. 27373886 0 75 theme cell 44:47 arg1 testing 49:55 cell testing 44:55 cell testing of bioceramics in granular form 44:87 Novel method for fabrication of samples for cell testing of bioceramics in granular form. 27373886 8 76 dep RESULTS 1403:1409 arg1 had 1431:1433 had 1431:1433 had a uniform and dense morphology 1431:1464 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 8 76 dep RESULTS 1403:1409 arg1 embedded 1482:1489 embedded 1482:1489 embedded 1482:1489 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 3 77 theme bioceramic 629:638 arg1 properties 662:671 bioceramic and improved handling properties 629:671 bioceramic and improved handling properties 629:671 The aim of this study was to develop samples for cell testing of bioceramic granules with a novel design that would enable direct physical contacts between cells and bioceramic and improved handling properties for efficient laboratory work. 27373886 4 78 theme bottom 813:818 arg1 layer 820:824 a bottom layer 811:824 a bottom layer 811:824 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 2 79 theme samples 316:322 arg1 Design 306:311 Design 306:311 Design of samples for cell testing 306:339 Design of samples for cell testing represents an important aspect of the biological evaluation, as it dictates how cells will interact with the biomaterial. 27373886 5 80 theme novel 1109:1113 arg1 method 1115:1120 A novel method 1107:1120 METHODS A novel method for preparation of samples in six steps 1099:1160 METHODS A novel method for preparation of samples in six steps was developed. 27373886 6 81 theme bioceramic 1220:1229 arg1 particles 1231:1239 exposed bioceramic particles 1212:1239 exposed bioceramic particles 1212:1239 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 10 82 theme handling 1784:1791 arg1 characteristics 1793:1807 improved handling characteristics 1775:1807 improved handling characteristics 1775:1807 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 4 83 theme free 1024:1027 arg1 granules 1009:1016 granules 1009:1016 granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells 1009:1096 The goal was to produce a bilayered polycaprolactone-bioceramic composite with polycaprolactone serving as a bottom layer and support for a uniform and dense layer of bioceramic granules (upper layer), which would be only partly embedded and physically stabilized in the polymer with at least one face of granules still free of any polymer residues and available for direct attachment of cells. 27373886 6 84 theme samples 1199:1205 arg1 design 1189:1194 A bilayered design 1177:1194 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles 1177:1239 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 27373886 10 85 theme direct 1655:1660 arg1 exposure 1662:1669 direct exposure 1655:1669 direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing 1655:1760 CONCLUSIONS The developed samples enable direct exposure of bioceramic granules to cells and surrounding physiological solution during cell testing, and possess improved handling characteristics. 27373886 8 86 contain had 1431:1433 arg1 granules 1422:1429 Bioceramic granules 1411:1429 Bioceramic granules 1411:1429 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 8 86 contain had 1431:1433 arg2 morphology 1455:1464 a uniform and dense morphology 1435:1464 a uniform and dense morphology 1435:1464 RESULTS Bioceramic granules had a uniform and dense morphology and were partly embedded in the polycaprolactone support. 27373886 6 87 with design 1189:1194 arg1 particles 1231:1239 exposed bioceramic particles 1212:1239 exposed bioceramic particles 1212:1239 A bilayered design of samples with exposed bioceramic particles was accomplished by the application of a water-soluble alginate as a sacrificial polymer in the method protocol. 24407590 11 0 theme increased 1740:1748 arg1 levels 1762:1767 increased cholesterol levels 1740:1767 increased cholesterol levels in human studies 1740:1784 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 9 1 from reductase 1380:1388 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 1 2 contain have 127:130 arg1 mice 122:125 Dsk5 mice 117:125 Dsk5 mice 117:125 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 1 2 contain have 127:130 arg2 gain 134:137 a gain 132:137 a gain of function 132:149 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 8 3 theme plasma 1065:1070 arg1 cholesterol 1072:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol 1046:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol 1046:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 10 4 theme transcription 1415:1427 arg1 factors 1429:1435 transcription factors 1415:1435 transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1415:1482 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis was also observed. 24407590 9 5 theme convertase 1263:1272 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 7 6 theme cholesterol 933:943 arg1 levels 945:950 Circulating cholesterol levels 921:950 Circulating cholesterol levels 921:950 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 1 7 theme function 142:149 arg1 gain 134:137 a gain 132:137 a gain of function 132:149 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 5 8 theme mutant 796:801 arg1 mice 817:820 the mutant and wild-type mice 792:820 the mutant and wild-type mice 792:820 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 3 9 theme wild-type 442:450 arg1 +/+ 462:464 +/+ 462:464 +/+ 462:464 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 3 9 theme wild-type 442:450 arg1 controls 452:459 wild-type controls 442:459 wild-type controls (+/+) 442:465 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 5 10 theme DNA 710:712 arg1 analysis 683:690 An analysis 680:690 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) 680:758 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 11 11 theme human 1772:1776 arg1 studies 1778:1784 human studies 1772:1784 human studies 1772:1784 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 4 12 theme +/+ 512:514 arg1 mice 516:519 +/+ mice 512:519 +/+ mice 512:519 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 11 13 theme EGF-like 1687:1694 arg1 peptides 1696:1703 EGF-like peptides 1687:1703 EGF-like peptides 1687:1703 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 0 14 theme male 106:109 arg1 mice 111:114 adult male mice 100:114 adult male mice 100:114 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 1 15 theme growth 168:173 arg1 EGFR 192:195 EGFR 192:195 EGFR 192:195 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 1 15 theme growth 168:173 arg1 receptor 182:189 the epidermal growth factor receptor 154:189 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 154:196 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 8 16 theme elevated 1050:1057 arg1 cholesterol 1072:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol 1046:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol 1046:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 9 17 theme adult 1162:1166 arg1 liver 1174:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver 1151:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver 1151:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 8 18 theme low-density 1120:1130 arg1 lipoprotein 1132:1142 low-density lipoprotein 1120:1142 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 1120:1148 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 8 18 theme low-density 1120:1130 arg1 LDL 1145:1147 LDL 1145:1147 LDL 1145:1147 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 11 19 theme EGF 1680:1682 arg1 levels 1670:1675 elevated levels 1661:1675 elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides 1661:1703 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 9 20 theme increased 1314:1322 arg1 synthase 1335:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 8 21 from increase 1108:1115 arg1 lipoprotein 1132:1142 low-density lipoprotein 1120:1142 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 1120:1148 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 8 21 from increase 1108:1115 arg1 LDL 1145:1147 LDL 1145:1147 LDL 1145:1147 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 9 22 theme acid 1330:1333 arg1 synthase 1335:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 4 23 theme prominent 549:557 arg1 nuclei 570:575 prominent, polyploid nuclei 549:575 prominent, polyploid nuclei 549:575 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 11 24 theme lipid 1609:1613 arg1 metabolism 1615:1624 lipid metabolism 1609:1624 lipid metabolism 1609:1624 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 5 25 theme protein 701:707 arg1 analysis 683:690 An analysis 680:690 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) 680:758 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 5 26 theme liver 746:750 arg1 weight 752:757 liver weight 746:757 liver weight 746:757 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 6 27 theme +/Dsk5 850:855 arg1 mice 857:860 the +/Dsk5 mice 846:860 the +/Dsk5 mice 846:860 However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. 24407590 11 28 from proliferation 1591:1603 arg1 mice 1640:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 7 29 from mice 992:995 arg1 high 966:969 high 966:969 high 966:969 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 2 30 from effect 264:269 arg1 histology 303:311 histology 303:311 histology 303:311 We analyzed the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition. 24407590 2 30 from effect 264:269 arg1 composition 318:328 composition 318:328 composition 318:328 We analyzed the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition. 24407590 2 30 from effect 264:269 arg1 size 297:300 liver size 291:300 liver size 291:300 We analyzed the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition. 24407590 11 31 theme male 1635:1638 arg1 mice 1640:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 7 32 theme female 1033:1038 arg1 mice 1040:1043 postweaned young male or female mice 1008:1043 postweaned young male or female mice 1008:1043 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 11 33 from levels 1762:1767 arg1 studies 1778:1784 human studies 1772:1784 human studies 1772:1784 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 6 34 contain had 862:864 arg2 cholesterol 871:881 cholesterol 871:881 cholesterol 871:881 However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. 24407590 6 34 contain had 862:864 arg2 phospholipid 892:903 phospholipid 892:903 phospholipid 892:903 However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. 24407590 6 34 contain had 862:864 arg1 livers 836:841 the livers 832:841 the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice 832:860 However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. 24407590 7 35 theme male 1025:1028 arg1 mice 1040:1043 postweaned young male or female mice 1008:1043 postweaned young male or female mice 1008:1043 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 4 36 theme cell 607:610 arg1 indices 626:632 cell proliferation indices 607:632 cell proliferation indices 607:632 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 0 37 theme Epidermal 0:8 arg1 factor 17:22 Epidermal growth factor 0:22 Epidermal growth factor receptor 0:31 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 9 38 theme +/Dsk5 1155:1160 arg1 liver 1174:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver 1151:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver 1151:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 4 39 dep showed 581:586 arg1 increased 597:605 increased 597:605 showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells 581:677 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 3 40 theme 12-wk-old 359:367 arg1 +/Dsk5 394:399 +/Dsk5 394:399 +/Dsk5 394:399 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 3 40 theme 12-wk-old 359:367 arg1 heterozygotes 379:391 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes 359:391 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) 359:400 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 0 41 theme factor 17:22 arg1 receptor 24:31 Epidermal growth factor receptor 0:31 Epidermal growth factor receptor 0:31 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 9 42 theme mouse 1168:1172 arg1 liver 1174:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver 1151:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver 1151:1178 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 5 43 theme wild-type 807:815 arg1 mice 817:820 the mutant and wild-type mice 792:820 the mutant and wild-type mice 792:820 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 9 44 theme proprotein 1252:1261 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 7 45 theme male 980:983 arg1 mice 992:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 9 46 theme reduced 1199:1205 arg1 levels 1215:1220 markedly reduced protein levels 1190:1220 markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor 1190:1236 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 3 47 theme Dsk5 374:377 arg1 +/Dsk5 394:399 +/Dsk5 394:399 +/Dsk5 394:399 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 3 47 theme Dsk5 374:377 arg1 heterozygotes 379:391 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes 359:391 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) 359:400 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 1 48 theme factor 175:180 arg1 EGFR 192:195 EGFR 192:195 EGFR 192:195 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 1 48 theme factor 175:180 arg1 receptor 182:189 the epidermal growth factor receptor 154:189 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 154:196 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 1 49 theme Dsk5 117:120 arg1 mice 122:125 Dsk5 mice 117:125 Dsk5 mice 117:125 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 4 50 contain had 521:523 arg2 hepatocytes 532:542 larger hepatocytes 525:542 larger hepatocytes 525:542 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 4 50 contain had 521:523 arg1 livers 472:477 The livers 468:477 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice 468:519 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 11 51 theme cholesterol 1750:1760 arg1 levels 1762:1767 increased cholesterol levels 1740:1767 increased cholesterol levels in human studies 1740:1784 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 9 52 theme LDL 1225:1227 arg1 receptor 1229:1236 LDL receptor 1225:1236 LDL receptor 1225:1236 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 10 53 theme Increased 1391:1399 arg1 expression 1401:1410 Increased expression 1391:1410 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1391:1482 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis was also observed. 24407590 9 54 from synthase 1335:1342 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 10 55 theme factors 1429:1435 arg1 expression 1401:1410 Increased expression 1391:1410 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1391:1482 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis was also observed. 24407590 1 56 from mutation 217:224 arg1 domain 240:245 the kinase domain 229:245 the kinase domain 229:245 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 5 57 theme RNA 719:721 arg1 analysis 683:690 An analysis 680:690 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) 680:758 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 8 58 theme total 1059:1063 arg1 cholesterol 1072:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol 1046:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol 1046:1082 The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 24407590 7 59 theme Circulating 921:931 arg1 levels 945:950 Circulating cholesterol levels 921:950 Circulating cholesterol levels 921:950 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 9 60 theme subtilisin/kexin 1274:1289 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 4 61 theme larger 525:530 arg1 hepatocytes 532:542 larger hepatocytes 525:542 larger hepatocytes 525:542 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 10 62 theme cholesterol 1462:1472 arg1 synthesis 1474:1482 enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1453:1482 enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1453:1482 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis was also observed. 24407590 0 63 theme adult 100:104 arg1 mice 111:114 adult male mice 100:114 adult male mice 100:114 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 4 64 theme mice 493:496 arg1 livers 472:477 The livers 468:477 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice 468:519 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 11 65 theme elevated 1661:1668 arg1 levels 1670:1675 elevated levels 1661:1675 elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides 1661:1703 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 1 66 theme epidermal 158:166 arg1 EGFR 192:195 EGFR 192:195 EGFR 192:195 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 1 66 theme epidermal 158:166 arg1 receptor 182:189 the epidermal growth factor receptor 154:189 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 154:196 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 0 67 from regulation 53:62 arg1 mice 111:114 adult male mice 100:114 adult male mice 100:114 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 11 68 theme peptides 1696:1703 arg1 levels 1670:1675 elevated levels 1661:1675 elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides 1661:1703 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 11 69 from metabolism 1615:1624 arg1 mice 1640:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 7 70 from mice 1040:1043 arg1 high 966:969 high 966:969 high 966:969 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 9 71 theme fatty 1324:1328 arg1 synthase 1335:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 11 72 theme adult 1629:1633 arg1 mice 1640:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 adult male mice 1629:1643 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 6 73 theme mice 857:860 arg1 livers 836:841 the livers 832:841 the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice 832:860 However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. 24407590 10 74 theme enhanced 1453:1460 arg1 synthesis 1474:1482 enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1453:1482 enhanced cholesterol synthesis 1453:1482 Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis was also observed. 24407590 0 75 theme liver 67:71 arg1 regulation 53:62 the regulation 49:62 the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice 49:114 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 9 76 theme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA 1348:1378 arg1 reductase 1380:1388 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase 1348:1388 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase 1348:1388 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 0 77 theme plasma 77:82 arg1 levels 90:95 plasma lipid levels 77:95 plasma lipid levels 77:95 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 0 78 theme levels 90:95 arg1 regulation 53:62 the regulation 49:62 the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice 49:114 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 4 79 dep prominent 549:557 arg1 polyploid 560:568 polyploid 560:568 polyploid 560:568 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 0 80 theme growth 10:15 arg1 factor 17:22 Epidermal growth factor 0:22 Epidermal growth factor receptor 0:31 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 6 81 theme fatty 909:913 arg1 acid 915:918 fatty acid 909:918 fatty acid 909:918 However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. 24407590 11 82 theme hepatocyte 1580:1589 arg1 proliferation 1591:1603 hepatocyte proliferation 1580:1603 hepatocyte proliferation 1580:1603 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 2 83 theme liver 291:295 arg1 size 297:300 liver size 291:300 liver size 291:300 We analyzed the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition. 24407590 5 84 theme total 695:699 arg1 protein 701:707 total protein 695:707 total protein 695:707 An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. 24407590 1 85 theme point 211:215 arg1 mutation 217:224 a point mutation 209:224 a point mutation in the kinase domain 209:245 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 9 86 from change 1242:1247 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 11 87 theme regulatory 1561:1570 arg1 role 1572:1575 a regulatory role 1559:1575 a regulatory role 1559:1575 Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in adult male mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies. 24407590 4 88 theme proliferation 612:624 arg1 indices 626:632 cell proliferation indices 607:632 cell proliferation indices 607:632 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 3 89 theme male 369:372 arg1 +/Dsk5 394:399 +/Dsk5 394:399 +/Dsk5 394:399 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 3 89 theme male 369:372 arg1 heterozygotes 379:391 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes 359:391 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) 359:400 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 7 90 theme +/Dsk5 985:990 arg1 mice 992:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 0 91 theme lipid 84:88 arg1 levels 90:95 plasma lipid levels 77:95 plasma lipid levels 77:95 Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in adult male mice. 24407590 7 92 theme adult 974:978 arg1 mice 992:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 1 93 theme kinase 233:238 arg1 domain 240:245 the kinase domain 229:245 the kinase domain 229:245 Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. 24407590 7 94 from high 966:969 arg1 mice 992:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 adult male +/Dsk5 mice 974:995 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 7 94 from high 966:969 arg1 mice 1040:1043 postweaned young male or female mice 1008:1043 postweaned young male or female mice 1008:1043 Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in adult male +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young male or female mice. 24407590 9 95 theme protein 1207:1213 arg1 levels 1215:1220 markedly reduced protein levels 1190:1220 markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor 1190:1236 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 9 96 from levels 1215:1220 arg1 type 1291:1294 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1252:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 4 97 theme nonparenchymal 658:671 arg1 cells 673:677 nonparenchymal cells 658:677 nonparenchymal cells 658:677 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 3 98 theme heterozygotes 379:391 arg1 heavier 411:417 heavier 411:417 heavier 411:417 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 3 98 theme heterozygotes 379:391 arg1 livers 349:354 the livers 345:354 the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) 345:400 We found that the livers of 12-wk-old male Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). 24407590 4 99 theme +/Dsk5 486:491 arg1 mice 493:496 the +/Dsk5 mice 482:496 the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice 482:519 The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. 24407590 2 100 theme mutation 279:286 arg1 effect 264:269 the effect 260:269 the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition 260:328 We analyzed the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition. 24407590 9 101 theme receptor 1229:1236 arg1 levels 1215:1220 markedly reduced protein levels 1190:1220 markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor 1190:1236 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 9 101 theme receptor 1229:1236 arg1 change 1242:1247 no change 1239:1247 no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 1239:1296 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 9 101 theme receptor 1229:1236 arg1 synthase 1335:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 a markedly increased fatty acid synthase 1303:1342 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24407590 9 101 theme receptor 1229:1236 arg1 reductase 1380:1388 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase 1348:1388 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase 1348:1388 The +/Dsk5 adult mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. 24524391 2 0 dep transform 399:407 arg1 infrared 409:416 infrared 409:416 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 399:436 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 1 1 from beads 139:143 arg1 diameter 159:166 diameter 159:166 diameter 159:166 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 4 2 theme maximum 575:581 arg1 mg 614:615 129.6 mg 608:615 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS) 608:655 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 4 2 theme maximum 575:581 arg1 capacity 583:590 The maximum capacity 571:590 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS 571:602 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 1 3 theme facile 200:205 arg1 method 216:221 a facile one-step method 198:221 a facile one-step method 198:221 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 0 4 theme high 67:70 arg1 capacity 72:79 high capacity 67:79 high capacity for copper removal 67:98 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 3 5 theme time 565:568 arg1 adsorption 443:452 Its adsorption 439:452 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions 439:471 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 5 theme time 565:568 arg1 function 495:502 a function 493:502 a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time 493:568 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 2 6 dep Fourier 391:397 arg1 transform 399:407 transform 399:407 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 399:436 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 1 7 theme one-step 207:214 arg1 method 216:221 a facile one-step method 198:221 a facile one-step method 198:221 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 0 8 theme copper 85:90 arg1 removal 92:98 copper removal 85:98 copper removal 85:98 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 5 9 theme available 780:788 arg1 adsorbents 799:808 the available CS-based adsorbents 776:808 the available CS-based adsorbents 776:808 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 10 min, which showed superior properties among the available CS-based adsorbents. 24524391 6 10 theme adsorption-desorption 822:842 arg1 results 851:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 811:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 811:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 5 11 theme superior 750:757 arg1 properties 759:768 superior properties 750:768 superior properties 750:768 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 10 min, which showed superior properties among the available CS-based adsorbents. 24524391 5 12 theme CS-based 790:797 arg1 adsorbents 799:808 the available CS-based adsorbents 776:808 the available CS-based adsorbents 776:808 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 10 min, which showed superior properties among the available CS-based adsorbents. 24524391 2 13 theme composite 238:246 arg1 Fe3O4-CS 248:255 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS 224:255 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS 224:255 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 4 14 theme Fe3O4-CS 595:602 arg1 mg 614:615 129.6 mg 608:615 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS) 608:655 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 4 14 theme Fe3O4-CS 595:602 arg1 capacity 583:590 The maximum capacity 571:590 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS 571:602 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 6 15 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 934:959 arg1 acid 961:964 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 934:964 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution 934:980 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 6 15 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 934:959 arg1 EDTA 967:970 EDTA 967:970 EDTA 967:970 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 6 16 theme -loaded 883:889 arg1 Fe3O4-CS 891:898 Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS 877:898 Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS 877:898 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 2 17 theme resultant 228:236 arg1 Fe3O4-CS 248:255 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS 224:255 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS 224:255 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 6 18 theme Continuous 811:820 arg1 results 851:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 811:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 811:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 5 19 theme adsorption 681:690 arg1 equilibrium 692:702 the adsorption equilibrium 677:702 the adsorption equilibrium 677:702 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 10 min, which showed superior properties among the available CS-based adsorbents. 24524391 3 20 theme Cu 461:462 arg1 ions 468:471 Cu(II) ions 461:471 Cu(II) ions 461:471 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 2 21 theme transmission 281:292 arg1 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 2 21 theme transmission 281:292 arg1 microscopy 303:312 transmission electron microscopy 281:312 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 281:318 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 4 22 dep beads 632:636 arg1 mg/g 645:648 617.1 mg/g 639:648 617.1 mg/g of CS 639:654 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 0 23 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 fabrication 7:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics 0:61 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 6 24 theme regenerated 991:1001 arg1 beads 1013:1017 the regenerated composite beads 987:1017 the regenerated composite beads 987:1017 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 6 25 theme composite 1003:1011 arg1 beads 1013:1017 the regenerated composite beads 987:1017 the regenerated composite beads 987:1017 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 0 26 theme magnetic 22:29 arg1 beads 40:44 magnetic chitosan beads 22:44 magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics 22:61 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 7 27 theme magnetic 1178:1185 arg1 field 1187:1191 a low magnetic field 1172:1191 a low magnetic field (<0.035 T) 1172:1202 Additionally, Fe3O4-CS beads can be readily separated from water within 30 s under a low magnetic field (<0.035 T). 24524391 7 27 theme magnetic 1178:1185 arg1 T 1201:1201 <0.035 T 1194:1201 <0.035 T 1194:1201 Additionally, Fe3O4-CS beads can be readily separated from water within 30 s under a low magnetic field (<0.035 T). 24524391 4 28 theme CS 653:654 arg1 mg/g 645:648 617.1 mg/g 639:648 617.1 mg/g of CS 639:654 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 4 29 theme Cu 620:621 arg1 mg 614:615 129.6 mg 608:615 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS) 608:655 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 4 29 theme Cu 620:621 arg1 capacity 583:590 The maximum capacity 571:590 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS 571:602 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 1 30 theme nm 153:154 arg1 beads 139:143 magnetic chitosan (CS) beads 116:143 magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter 116:166 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 1 31 theme magnetic 116:123 arg1 chitosan 125:132 magnetic chitosan 116:132 magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter 116:166 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 1 31 theme magnetic 116:123 arg1 CS 135:136 CS 135:136 CS 135:136 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 0 32 theme beads 40:44 arg1 capacity 72:79 high capacity 67:79 high capacity for copper removal 67:98 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 0 32 theme beads 40:44 arg1 fabrication 7:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics 0:61 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 7 33 theme Fe3O4-CS 1103:1110 arg1 beads 1112:1116 Fe3O4-CS beads 1103:1116 Fe3O4-CS beads 1103:1116 Additionally, Fe3O4-CS beads can be readily separated from water within 30 s under a low magnetic field (<0.035 T). 24524391 3 34 theme solution 507:514 arg1 pH 516:517 solution pH 507:517 solution pH 507:517 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 2 35 theme thermogravimetric 353:369 arg1 TGA 381:383 TGA 381:383 TGA 381:383 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 2 35 theme thermogravimetric 353:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 thermogravimetric analysis 353:378 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 353:384 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 0 36 theme chitosan 31:38 arg1 beads 40:44 magnetic chitosan beads 22:44 magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics 22:61 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 6 37 theme cyclic 844:849 arg1 results 851:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 811:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 811:857 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 3 38 theme Cu 531:532 arg1 concentration 538:550 Cu(II) concentration 531:550 Cu(II) concentration 531:550 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 39 theme pH 516:517 arg1 adsorption 443:452 Its adsorption 439:452 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions 439:471 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 39 theme pH 516:517 arg1 function 495:502 a function 493:502 a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time 493:568 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 0 40 theme fast 49:52 arg1 kinetics 54:61 fast kinetics 49:61 fast kinetics 49:61 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 6 41 theme capacity 1074:1081 arg1 loss 1083:1086 significant capacity loss 1062:1086 significant capacity loss 1062:1086 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 1 42 theme chitosan 125:132 arg1 beads 139:143 magnetic chitosan (CS) beads 116:143 magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter 116:166 In this study, magnetic chitosan (CS) beads of ∼200 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile one-step method. 24524391 6 43 theme significant 1062:1072 arg1 loss 1083:1086 significant capacity loss 1062:1086 significant capacity loss 1062:1086 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 3 44 theme contact 557:563 arg1 time 565:568 contact time 557:568 contact time 557:568 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 45 theme dosage 523:528 arg1 adsorption 443:452 Its adsorption 439:452 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions 439:471 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 45 theme dosage 523:528 arg1 function 495:502 a function 493:502 a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time 493:568 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 46 theme concentration 538:550 arg1 adsorption 443:452 Its adsorption 439:452 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions 439:471 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 3 46 theme concentration 538:550 arg1 function 495:502 a function 493:502 a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time 493:568 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 2 47 theme electron 294:301 arg1 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 2 47 theme electron 294:301 arg1 microscopy 303:312 transmission electron microscopy 281:312 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 281:318 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 4 48 theme beads 632:636 arg1 Cu 620:621 Cu(II)/g 620:627 Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS) 620:655 The maximum capacity of Fe3O4-CS was 129.6 mg of Cu(II)/g of beads (617.1 mg/g of CS). 24524391 6 49 theme acid 961:964 arg1 solution 973:980 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution 934:980 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution 934:980 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 6 50 theme repeated 1041:1048 arg1 use 1050:1052 repeated use 1041:1052 repeated use without significant capacity loss 1041:1086 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded Fe3O4-CS can be effectively regenerated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss. 24524391 2 51 theme powder 327:332 arg1 XRD 347:349 XRD 347:349 XRD 347:349 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 2 51 theme powder 327:332 arg1 diffraction 334:344 X-ray powder diffraction 321:344 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 321:350 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 7 52 theme low 1174:1176 arg1 field 1187:1191 a low magnetic field 1172:1191 a low magnetic field (<0.035 T) 1172:1202 Additionally, Fe3O4-CS beads can be readily separated from water within 30 s under a low magnetic field (<0.035 T). 24524391 7 52 theme low 1174:1176 arg1 T 1201:1201 <0.035 T 1194:1201 <0.035 T 1194:1201 Additionally, Fe3O4-CS beads can be readily separated from water within 30 s under a low magnetic field (<0.035 T). 24524391 0 53 theme kinetics 54:61 arg1 beads 40:44 magnetic chitosan beads 22:44 magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics 22:61 Facile fabrication of magnetic chitosan beads of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24524391 3 54 theme CS 520:521 arg1 dosage 523:528 CS dosage 520:528 CS dosage 520:528 Its adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, CS dosage, Cu(II) concentration, and contact time. 24524391 2 55 theme X-ray 321:325 arg1 XRD 347:349 XRD 347:349 XRD 347:349 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24524391 2 55 theme X-ray 321:325 arg1 diffraction 334:344 X-ray powder diffraction 321:344 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 321:350 The resultant composite Fe3O4-CS was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 27987738 3 0 theme 20nm 691:694 arg1 size 683:686 an average size 672:686 an average size of 20nm 672:694 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 1 1 theme earth 160:164 arg1 nanoparticles 189:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles 151:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands 151:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 1 theme earth 160:164 arg1 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 3 2 theme blue 817:820 arg1 output 828:833 an overall blue color output 806:833 an overall blue color output 806:833 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 1 3 theme poor 262:265 arg1 solubility 267:276 poor solubility 262:276 poor solubility 262:276 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 5 4 theme drug 1160:1163 arg1 delivery 1165:1172 targeted drug delivery 1151:1172 targeted drug delivery 1151:1172 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 3 5 theme average 675:681 arg1 size 683:686 an average size 672:686 an average size of 20nm 672:694 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 5 6 theme release 1068:1074 arg1 property 1035:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 6 theme release 1068:1074 arg1 performance 1076:1086 release performance 1068:1086 release performance 1068:1086 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 1 7 theme ion 166:168 arg1 nanoparticles 189:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles 151:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands 151:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 7 theme ion 166:168 arg1 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 5 8 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 984:992 arg1 CBs 994:996 Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 984:996 Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 984:996 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 2 9 dep CS/NaYF4 529:536 arg1 CBs 548:550 Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 538:550 CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 529:550 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 5 10 theme resultant 965:973 arg1 CS/NaYF4 975:982 The resultant CS/NaYF4 961:982 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 961:1263 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 2 11 theme composite 512:520 arg1 CS/NaYF4 529:536 CS/NaYF4 529:536 CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 529:550 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 2 11 theme composite 512:520 arg1 beads 522:526 the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads 483:526 the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) 483:551 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 5 12 dep CS/NaYF4 975:982 arg1 showed 998:1003 showed 998:1003 showed 998:1003 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 2 13 theme emulsion 566:573 arg1 system 575:580 emulsion system 566:580 emulsion system 566:580 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 1 14 theme low 282:284 arg1 yield 307:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 2 15 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 502:510 arg1 CS/NaYF4 529:536 CS/NaYF4 529:536 CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 529:550 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 2 15 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 502:510 arg1 beads 522:526 the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads 483:526 the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) 483:551 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 5 16 theme great 1131:1135 arg1 potentials 1137:1146 great potentials 1131:1146 great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering 1131:1195 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 1 17 from yield 307:311 arg1 media 324:328 aqueous media 316:328 aqueous media 316:328 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 3 18 with UCNPs 661:665 arg1 size 683:686 an average size 672:686 an average size of 20nm 672:694 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 1 19 theme doped 170:174 arg1 nanoparticles 189:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles 151:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands 151:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 19 theme doped 170:174 arg1 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 0 20 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 45:53 arg1 upconversion 55:66 Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion 45:66 Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion 45:66 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 5 21 theme release 1244:1250 arg1 performance 1252:1262 lasting release performance 1236:1262 lasting release performance 1236:1262 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 3 22 theme color 822:826 arg1 output 828:833 an overall blue color output 806:833 an overall blue color output 806:833 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 1 23 theme upconversion 176:187 arg1 nanoparticles 189:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles 151:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands 151:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 23 theme upconversion 176:187 arg1 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 5 24 from potentials 1137:1146 arg1 delivery 1165:1172 targeted drug delivery 1151:1172 targeted drug delivery 1151:1172 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 24 from potentials 1137:1146 arg1 engineering 1185:1195 tissue engineering 1178:1195 tissue engineering 1178:1195 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 3 25 theme spherical 706:714 arg1 morphology 716:725 spherical morphology 706:725 spherical morphology 706:725 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 2 26 theme chitosan/NaYF4 487:500 arg1 CS/NaYF4 529:536 CS/NaYF4 529:536 CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 529:550 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 2 26 theme chitosan/NaYF4 487:500 arg1 beads 522:526 the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads 483:526 the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) 483:551 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 5 27 theme potential 1202:1210 arg1 capability 1221:1230 potential tracking capability 1202:1230 potential tracking capability 1202:1230 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 1 28 theme fluorescence 286:297 arg1 yield 307:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 4 29 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 846:854 arg1 UCNPs 856:860 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 836:860 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 836:860 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of chitosan beads by the gelling of emulsion droplets. 27987738 1 30 theme quantum 299:305 arg1 yield 307:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 0 31 theme emulsion 132:139 arg1 droplets 141:148 Pickering emulsion droplets 122:148 Pickering emulsion droplets 122:148 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 5 32 theme luminescent 1023:1033 arg1 property 1035:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 32 theme luminescent 1023:1033 arg1 capacity 1058:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 32 theme luminescent 1023:1033 arg1 performance 1076:1086 release performance 1068:1086 release performance 1068:1086 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 32 theme luminescent 1023:1033 arg1 biocompatibility 1102:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 3 33 theme high 728:731 arg1 crystallinity 733:745 high crystallinity 728:745 high crystallinity 728:745 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 0 34 theme Pickering 122:130 arg1 droplets 141:148 Pickering emulsion droplets 122:148 Pickering emulsion droplets 122:148 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 3 35 theme NaYF4 645:649 arg1 UCNPs 661:665 the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 626:665 the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm 626:694 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 2 36 theme NaYF4 354:358 arg1 UCNPs 370:374 NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 354:374 NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 354:374 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 5 37 theme lasting 1236:1242 arg1 performance 1252:1262 lasting release performance 1236:1262 lasting release performance 1236:1262 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 38 theme upconversion 1010:1021 arg1 property 1035:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 38 theme upconversion 1010:1021 arg1 capacity 1058:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 38 theme upconversion 1010:1021 arg1 performance 1076:1086 release performance 1068:1086 release performance 1068:1086 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 38 theme upconversion 1010:1021 arg1 biocompatibility 1102:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 4 39 theme emulsion 942:949 arg1 droplets 951:958 emulsion droplets 942:958 emulsion droplets 942:958 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of chitosan beads by the gelling of emulsion droplets. 27987738 5 40 theme excellent 1092:1100 arg1 property 1035:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 40 theme excellent 1092:1100 arg1 biocompatibility 1102:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 1 41 contain possess 254:260 arg1 nanoparticles 189:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles 151:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands 151:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 41 contain possess 254:260 arg2 solubility 267:276 poor solubility 262:276 poor solubility 262:276 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 41 contain possess 254:260 arg1 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 41 contain possess 254:260 arg2 yield 307:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 low fluorescence quantum yield 282:311 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 0 42 theme chitosan/NaYF4 30:43 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 0 42 theme chitosan/NaYF4 30:43 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 1 43 theme aqueous 316:322 arg1 media 324:328 aqueous media 316:328 aqueous media 316:328 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 0 44 theme droplets 141:148 arg1 gelling 111:117 the gelling 107:117 the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets 107:148 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 2 45 theme hydrothermal 394:405 arg1 method 407:412 a hydrothermal method 392:412 a hydrothermal method 392:412 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 4 46 theme droplets 951:958 arg1 gelling 931:937 the gelling 927:937 the gelling of emulsion droplets 927:958 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of chitosan beads by the gelling of emulsion droplets. 27987738 3 47 theme as-synthesized 630:643 arg1 UCNPs 661:665 the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 626:665 the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm 626:694 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 4 48 theme NaYF4 840:844 arg1 UCNPs 856:860 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 836:860 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 836:860 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of chitosan beads by the gelling of emulsion droplets. 27987738 3 49 theme characteristic 751:764 arg1 fluorescence 788:799 characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence 751:799 characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence 751:799 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 1 50 from solubility 267:276 arg1 media 324:328 aqueous media 316:328 aqueous media 316:328 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 3 51 theme emission 766:773 arg1 fluorescence 788:799 characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence 751:799 characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence 751:799 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 2 52 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 538:546 arg1 CBs 548:550 Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 538:550 CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs 529:550 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 5 53 theme drug-loading 1045:1056 arg1 property 1035:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 53 theme drug-loading 1045:1056 arg1 capacity 1058:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 54 theme tissue 1178:1183 arg1 engineering 1185:1195 tissue engineering 1178:1195 tissue engineering 1178:1195 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 55 theme good 1005:1008 arg1 property 1035:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 good upconversion luminescent property 1005:1042 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 55 theme good 1005:1008 arg1 capacity 1058:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 drug-loading capacity 1045:1065 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 55 theme good 1005:1008 arg1 performance 1076:1086 release performance 1068:1086 release performance 1068:1086 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 55 theme good 1005:1008 arg1 biocompatibility 1102:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 excellent biocompatibility 1092:1117 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 3 56 theme upconversion 775:786 arg1 fluorescence 788:799 characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence 751:799 characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence 751:799 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 4 57 theme beads 918:922 arg1 surface 898:904 the surface 894:904 the surface of chitosan beads 894:922 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of chitosan beads by the gelling of emulsion droplets. 27987738 1 58 theme hydrophobic 226:236 arg1 ligands 246:252 hydrophobic organic ligands 226:252 hydrophobic organic ligands 226:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 4 59 theme chitosan 909:916 arg1 beads 918:922 chitosan beads 909:922 chitosan beads 909:922 The NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs were successfully conjugated on the surface of chitosan beads by the gelling of emulsion droplets. 27987738 3 60 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 651:659 arg1 UCNPs 661:665 the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 626:665 the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm 626:694 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 2 61 theme Yb3+/Tm3+ 360:368 arg1 UCNPs 370:374 NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 354:374 NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs 354:374 To conquer this issue, NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs, synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were coated with F127 and then assembled with chitosan to fabricate the chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ composite beads (CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs) by Pickering emulsion system. 27987738 1 62 theme organic 238:244 arg1 ligands 246:252 hydrophobic organic ligands 226:252 hydrophobic organic ligands 226:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 0 63 theme composite 82:90 arg1 beads 92:96 composite beads 82:96 composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets 82:148 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 3 64 theme characterization 587:602 arg1 results 604:610 The characterization results 583:610 The characterization results 583:610 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 27987738 5 65 theme tracking 1212:1219 arg1 capability 1221:1230 potential tracking capability 1202:1230 potential tracking capability 1202:1230 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 5 66 theme targeted 1151:1158 arg1 delivery 1165:1172 targeted drug delivery 1151:1172 targeted drug delivery 1151:1172 The resultant CS/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ CBs showed good upconversion luminescent property, drug-loading capacity, release performance and excellent biocompatibility, exhibiting great potentials in targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering with potential tracking capability and lasting release performance. 27987738 0 67 dep Fabrication 0:10 arg1 nanoparticles 68:80 nanoparticles 68:80 nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets 68:148 Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan/NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles composite beads based on the gelling of Pickering emulsion droplets. 27987738 1 68 theme rare 155:158 arg1 nanoparticles 189:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles 151:201 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands 151:252 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 1 68 theme rare 155:158 arg1 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 UCNPs 204:208 The rare earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by hydrophobic organic ligands possess poor solubility and low fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous media. 27987738 3 69 theme overall 809:815 arg1 output 828:833 an overall blue color output 806:833 an overall blue color output 806:833 The characterization results revealed that the as-synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ UCNPs with an average size of 20nm exhibited spherical morphology, high crystallinity and characteristic emission upconversion fluorescence with an overall blue color output. 25260748 3 0 theme media 868:872 arg1 sponge 918:923 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 0 theme media 868:872 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 9 1 theme time 1871:1874 arg1 point 1876:1880 either time point 1864:1880 either time point 1864:1880 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 10 2 theme water 1991:1995 arg1 content 1997:2003 tissue water content 1984:2003 tissue water content 1984:2003 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 1 3 theme environment 223:233 arg1 effects 193:199 the potential detrimental effects 167:199 the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage 167:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 8 4 theme control 1649:1655 arg1 group 1657:1661 the control group 1645:1661 the control group 1645:1661 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 1 5 theme exposed 238:244 arg1 cartilage 264:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 3 6 theme modified 886:893 arg1 [DMEM 910:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 6 theme modified 886:893 arg1 media 868:872 culture media 860:872 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 1 7 theme study 147:151 arg1 aim 135:137 The aim 131:137 The aim of this study 131:151 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 2 8 with METHODS 423:429 arg1 condyles 509:516 femoral and tibial condyles 490:516 condyles 509:516 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 8 with METHODS 423:429 arg1 approval 480:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 10 9 theme saline 2051:2056 arg1 drip 2058:2061 saline drip 2051:2061 saline drip 2051:2061 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 2 10 theme 2-hour 700:705 arg1 period 707:712 a timed 2-hour period 692:712 a timed 2-hour period 692:712 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 9 11 located observed 1802:1809 arg1 groups 1818:1823 groups 1818:1823 groups 1818:1823 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 9 11 located observed 1802:1809 arg2 differences 1751:1761 No significant differences 1736:1761 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content 1736:1795 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 4 12 theme cartilage 964:972 arg1 sections 974:981 Full-thickness cartilage sections 949:981 Full-thickness cartilage sections 949:981 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 1 13 theme matrix 383:388 arg1 composition 390:400 extracellular matrix composition 369:400 extracellular matrix composition 369:400 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 1 14 theme detrimental 181:191 arg1 effects 193:199 the potential detrimental effects 167:199 the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage 167:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 2 15 theme standard 661:668 arg1 lighting 679:686 standard surgical lighting 661:686 standard surgical lighting 661:686 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 8 16 theme time 1716:1719 arg1 2H 1721:1722 time 2H 1716:1722 time 2H (P < .001) 1716:1733 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 8 16 theme time 1716:1719 arg1 P 1725:1725 P < .001 1725:1732 P < .001 1725:1732 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 sponge 918:923 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 sponge 839:844 saline sponge 832:844 saline sponge 832:844 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 acid 821:824 hyaluronic acid 810:824 hyaluronic acid (HA) 810:829 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 HA 827:828 HA 827:828 HA 827:828 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 n 770:770 n = 6 770:774 n = 6 per group 770:784 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 drip 854:857 saline drip 847:857 saline drip 847:857 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 drip 943:946 culture media drip 929:946 culture media drip 929:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 17 dep groups 762:767 arg1 control 801:807 no-treatment control 788:807 no-treatment control 788:807 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 7 18 theme P 1558:1558 arg1 < 1560:1560 P < .01 1558:1564 P < .01 1558:1564 Water content was significantly lower (P < .01) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 0 19 from fluids 96:101 arg1 model 116:120 an animal model 106:120 an animal model 106:120 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 6 20 theme drip 1400:1403 arg1 groups 1415:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 9 21 theme significant 1739:1749 arg1 differences 1751:1761 No significant differences 1736:1761 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content 1736:1795 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 8 22 from content 1634:1640 arg1 group 1657:1661 the control group 1645:1661 the control group 1645:1661 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 8 23 theme < 1727:1727 arg1 2H 1721:1722 time 2H 1716:1722 time 2H (P < .001) 1716:1733 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 8 23 theme < 1727:1727 arg1 P 1725:1725 P < .001 1725:1732 P < .001 1725:1732 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 1 24 theme treatment 307:315 arg1 strategies 317:326 tissue hydration treatment strategies 290:326 tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment 290:420 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 10 25 theme exposed 2132:2138 arg1 cartilage 2140:2148 untreated exposed cartilage 2122:2148 untreated exposed cartilage 2122:2148 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 11 26 theme exposed 2248:2254 arg1 cartilage 2266:2274 exposed articular cartilage 2248:2274 exposed articular cartilage 2248:2274 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 11 27 theme hydrating 2208:2216 arg1 solution 2218:2225 a hydrating solution 2206:2225 a hydrating solution 2206:2225 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 3 28 theme culture 929:935 arg1 media 937:941 culture media 929:941 culture media drip 929:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 6 29 theme chondrocyte 1462:1472 arg1 viability 1474:1482 significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability 1430:1482 significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability 1430:1482 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 10 30 theme chondrocyte 1959:1969 arg1 viability 1971:1979 chondrocyte viability 1959:1979 chondrocyte viability 1959:1979 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 5 31 dep RESULTS 1258:1264 arg1 lower 1306:1310 lower 1306:1310 lower 1306:1310 RESULTS Chondrocyte viability was significantly lower (P = .03) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 0 32 from Effects 0:6 arg1 cartilage 29:37 exposed articular cartilage 11:37 exposed articular cartilage 11:37 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 4 33 theme time 1091:1094 arg1 exposure 1081:1088 2-hour exposure 1074:1088 2-hour exposure (time 2H) 1074:1098 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 4 33 theme time 1091:1094 arg1 2H 1096:1097 time 2H 1091:1097 time 2H 1091:1097 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 sponge 918:923 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 sponge 839:844 saline sponge 832:844 saline sponge 832:844 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 acid 821:824 hyaluronic acid 810:824 hyaluronic acid (HA) 810:829 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 drip 854:857 saline drip 847:857 saline drip 847:857 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 drip 943:946 culture media drip 929:946 culture media drip 929:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 control 801:807 no-treatment control 788:807 no-treatment control 788:807 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 34 theme groups 762:767 arg1 one 753:755 one 753:755 one 753:755 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 11 35 theme solution 2218:2225 arg1 use 2199:2201 the use 2195:2201 the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage 2195:2274 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 1 36 theme chondrocyte 343:353 arg1 viability 355:363 chondrocyte viability 343:363 chondrocyte viability 343:363 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 6 37 dep higher 1444:1449 arg1 .043 1456:1459 P < .043 1452:1459 P < .043 1452:1459 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 11 38 theme open 2283:2286 arg1 surgery 2294:2300 open joint surgery 2283:2300 open joint surgery of 2 hours 2283:2311 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 9 39 theme GAG 1785:1787 arg1 content 1789:1795 GAG content 1785:1795 GAG content 1785:1795 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 0 40 theme fluids 96:101 arg1 comparison 74:83 a comparison 72:83 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 0:121 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 6 41 theme P 1452:1452 arg1 .043 1456:1459 P < .043 1452:1459 P < .043 1452:1459 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 3 42 theme hyaluronic 810:819 arg1 HA 827:828 HA 827:828 HA 827:828 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 42 theme hyaluronic 810:819 arg1 acid 821:824 hyaluronic acid 810:824 hyaluronic acid (HA) 810:829 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 42 theme hyaluronic 810:819 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 6 43 from time 1510:1513 arg1 controls 1498:1505 controls 1498:1505 controls at time 2H 1498:1516 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 11 44 theme cartilage 2266:2274 arg1 treatment 2235:2243 the treatment 2231:2243 the treatment of exposed articular cartilage 2231:2274 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 2 45 theme draped 632:637 arg1 table 649:653 a draped operating table 630:653 a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period 630:712 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 1 46 theme healthy 246:252 arg1 cartilage 264:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 6 47 theme higher 1444:1449 arg1 viability 1474:1482 significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability 1430:1482 significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability 1430:1482 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 3 48 theme saline 832:837 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 48 theme saline 832:837 arg1 sponge 839:844 saline sponge 832:844 saline sponge 832:844 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 2 49 theme Animal 450:455 arg1 Care 457:460 institutional Animal Care 436:460 institutional Animal Care 436:460 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 11 50 theme RELEVANCE 2160:2168 arg1 Surgeons 2170:2177 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons 2151:2177 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons 2151:2177 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 1 51 dep PURPOSE 123:129 arg1 was 153:155 was 153:155 was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment 153:420 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 0 52 theme exposed 11:17 arg1 cartilage 29:37 exposed articular cartilage 11:37 exposed articular cartilage 11:37 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 4 53 theme chondrocyte 1128:1138 arg1 viability 1140:1148 chondrocyte viability 1128:1148 chondrocyte viability 1128:1148 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 4 53 theme chondrocyte 1128:1138 arg1 [GAG 1229:1232 glycosaminoglycan [GAG 1211:1232 glycosaminoglycan [GAG 1211:1232 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 2 54 theme Committee 470:478 arg1 condyles 509:516 femoral and tibial condyles 490:516 condyles 509:516 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 54 theme Committee 470:478 arg1 approval 480:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 0 55 theme open 46:49 arg1 procedures 60:69 open surgical procedures 46:69 open surgical procedures 46:69 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 1 56 theme tissue 290:295 arg1 strategies 317:326 tissue hydration treatment strategies 290:326 tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment 290:420 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 9 57 theme time 1833:1836 arg1 points 1838:1843 time points 1833:1843 time points 1833:1843 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 4 58 theme Full-thickness 949:962 arg1 sections 974:981 Full-thickness cartilage sections 949:981 Full-thickness cartilage sections 949:981 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 0 59 from model 116:120 arg1 comparison 74:83 a comparison 72:83 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 0:121 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 0 60 dep Effects 0:6 arg1 comparison 74:83 a comparison 72:83 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 0:121 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 3 61 theme culture 860:866 arg1 media 868:872 culture media 860:872 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 61 theme culture 860:866 arg1 [DMEM 910:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 4 62 theme extracellular 1177:1189 arg1 composition 1198:1208 extracellular matrix composition 1177:1208 extracellular matrix composition 1177:1208 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 1 63 theme room 218:221 arg1 environment 223:233 the operating room environment 204:233 the operating room environment 204:233 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 10 64 theme hyaluronic 2034:2043 arg1 acid 2045:2048 hyaluronic acid 2034:2048 hyaluronic acid 2034:2048 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 3 65 theme Eagle 895:899 arg1 [DMEM 910:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 65 theme Eagle 895:899 arg1 media 868:872 culture media 860:872 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 2 66 theme canine 563:568 arg1 n 580:580 n = 6 580:584 n = 6 580:584 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 66 theme canine 563:568 arg1 cadavers 570:577 canine cadavers 563:577 canine cadavers (n = 6) 563:585 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 7 67 theme 2-hour 1577:1582 arg1 exposure 1584:1591 the 2-hour exposure 1573:1591 the 2-hour exposure 1573:1591 Water content was significantly lower (P < .01) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 4 68 theme water 1158:1162 arg1 content 1164:1170 tissue water content 1151:1170 tissue water content 1151:1170 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 6 69 theme saline 1374:1379 arg1 sponge 1381:1386 saline sponge 1374:1386 saline sponge 1374:1386 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 10 70 theme untreated 2122:2130 arg1 cartilage 2140:2148 untreated exposed cartilage 2122:2148 untreated exposed cartilage 2122:2148 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 5 71 theme Chondrocyte 1266:1276 arg1 viability 1278:1286 Chondrocyte viability 1266:1286 Chondrocyte viability 1266:1286 RESULTS Chondrocyte viability was significantly lower (P = .03) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 2 72 theme = 582:582 arg1 n 580:580 n = 6 580:584 n = 6 580:584 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 72 theme = 582:582 arg1 cadavers 570:577 canine cadavers 563:577 canine cadavers (n = 6) 563:585 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 3 73 theme medium 903:908 arg1 [DMEM 910:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM 875:914 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 73 theme medium 903:908 arg1 media 868:872 culture media 860:872 culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge 860:923 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 4 74 theme collagen 1239:1246 arg1 content 1248:1254 collagen content) 1239:1255 collagen content) 1239:1255 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 0 75 theme animal 109:114 arg1 model 116:120 an animal model 106:120 an animal model 106:120 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 9 76 theme tissue 1766:1771 arg1 collagen 1773:1780 tissue collagen 1766:1780 tissue collagen 1766:1780 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 6 77 contain had 1426:1428 arg2 viability 1474:1482 significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability 1430:1482 significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability 1430:1482 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 6 77 contain had 1426:1428 arg1 groups 1415:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 6 77 contain had 1426:1428 arg1 HA 1370:1371 HA 1370:1371 HA 1370:1371 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 6 77 contain had 1426:1428 arg1 sponge 1381:1386 saline sponge 1374:1386 saline sponge 1374:1386 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 0 78 from comparison 74:83 arg1 model 116:120 an animal model 106:120 an animal model 106:120 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 10 79 theme Canine 1895:1900 arg1 cartilage 1912:1920 Canine articular cartilage 1895:1920 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage 1883:1920 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 10 80 from reduction 1946:1954 arg1 content 1997:2003 tissue water content 1984:2003 tissue water content 1984:2003 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 10 80 from reduction 1946:1954 arg1 viability 1971:1979 chondrocyte viability 1959:1979 chondrocyte viability 1959:1979 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 7 81 theme Water 1519:1523 arg1 content 1525:1531 Water content 1519:1531 Water content 1519:1531 Water content was significantly lower (P < .01) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 1 82 theme potential 171:179 arg1 effects 193:199 the potential detrimental effects 167:199 the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage 167:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 10 83 theme saline-soaked 2064:2076 arg1 sponge 2078:2083 saline-soaked sponge 2064:2083 saline-soaked sponge 2064:2083 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 11 84 theme joint 2288:2292 arg1 surgery 2294:2300 open joint surgery 2283:2300 open joint surgery of 2 hours 2283:2311 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 2 85 theme surgical 670:677 arg1 lighting 679:686 standard surgical lighting 661:686 standard surgical lighting 661:686 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 4 86 theme glycosaminoglycan 1211:1227 arg1 viability 1140:1148 chondrocyte viability 1128:1148 chondrocyte viability 1128:1148 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 4 86 theme glycosaminoglycan 1211:1227 arg1 [GAG 1229:1232 glycosaminoglycan [GAG 1211:1232 glycosaminoglycan [GAG 1211:1232 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 8 87 theme treatment 1696:1704 arg1 groups 1706:1711 all treatment groups 1692:1711 all treatment groups 1692:1711 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 11 88 theme longer 2316:2321 arg1 duration 2323:2330 longer duration 2316:2330 longer duration 2316:2330 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 1 89 from effects 193:199 arg1 cartilage 264:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 6 90 theme treatment 1405:1413 arg1 groups 1415:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 10 91 theme DMEM-soaked 2089:2099 arg1 sponge 2101:2106 DMEM-soaked sponge 2089:2106 DMEM-soaked sponge 2089:2106 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 11 92 theme hours 2307:2311 arg1 surgery 2294:2300 open joint surgery 2283:2300 open joint surgery of 2 hours 2283:2311 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 11 92 theme hours 2307:2311 arg1 duration 2323:2330 longer duration 2316:2330 longer duration 2316:2330 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 2 93 theme timed 694:698 arg1 period 707:712 a timed 2-hour period 692:712 a timed 2-hour period 692:712 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 10 94 theme articular 1902:1910 arg1 cartilage 1912:1920 Canine articular cartilage 1895:1920 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage 1883:1920 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 6 95 theme saline 1393:1398 arg1 groups 1415:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 saline drip treatment groups 1393:1420 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 5 96 dep lower 1306:1310 arg1 = 1315:1315 = 1315:1315 = 1315:1315 RESULTS Chondrocyte viability was significantly lower (P = .03) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 2 97 theme tibial 502:507 arg1 condyles 509:516 femoral and tibial condyles 490:516 condyles 509:516 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 97 theme tibial 502:507 arg1 approval 480:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 98 theme femoral 490:496 arg1 condyles 509:516 femoral and tibial condyles 490:516 condyles 509:516 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 98 theme femoral 490:496 arg1 approval 480:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 5 99 theme 2-hour 1332:1337 arg1 exposure 1339:1346 the 2-hour exposure 1328:1346 the 2-hour exposure 1328:1346 RESULTS Chondrocyte viability was significantly lower (P = .03) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 7 100 dep lower 1551:1555 arg1 < 1560:1560 P < .01 1558:1564 P < .01 1558:1564 Water content was significantly lower (P < .01) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 3 101 theme = 772:772 arg1 n 770:770 n = 6 770:774 n = 6 per group 770:784 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 0 102 theme various 88:94 arg1 fluids 96:101 various fluids 88:101 various fluids in an animal model 88:120 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 3 103 theme no-treatment 788:799 arg1 control 801:807 no-treatment control 788:807 no-treatment control 788:807 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 103 theme no-treatment 788:799 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 10 104 theme tissue 1984:1989 arg1 content 1997:2003 tissue water content 1984:2003 tissue water content 1984:2003 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 6 105 theme < 1454:1454 arg1 .043 1456:1459 P < .043 1452:1459 P < .043 1452:1459 HA, saline sponge, and saline drip treatment groups all had significantly higher (P < .043) chondrocyte viability compared with controls at time 2H. 25260748 9 106 from differences 1751:1761 arg1 collagen 1773:1780 tissue collagen 1766:1780 tissue collagen 1766:1780 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 9 106 from differences 1751:1761 arg1 content 1789:1795 GAG content 1785:1795 GAG content 1785:1795 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 11 107 theme articular 2256:2264 arg1 cartilage 2266:2274 exposed articular cartilage 2248:2274 exposed articular cartilage 2248:2274 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 2 108 theme operating 639:647 arg1 table 649:653 a draped operating table 630:653 a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period 630:712 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 1 109 theme extracellular 369:381 arg1 composition 390:400 extracellular matrix composition 369:400 extracellular matrix composition 369:400 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 3 110 theme media 937:941 arg1 drip 943:946 culture media drip 929:946 culture media drip 929:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 110 theme media 937:941 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 2 111 theme Care 457:460 arg1 condyles 509:516 femoral and tibial condyles 490:516 condyles 509:516 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 111 theme Care 457:460 arg1 approval 480:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 11 112 theme CLINICAL 2151:2158 arg1 Surgeons 2170:2177 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons 2151:2177 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons 2151:2177 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider the use of a hydrating solution for the treatment of exposed articular cartilage during open joint surgery of 2 hours or longer duration. 25260748 0 113 theme articular 19:27 arg1 cartilage 29:37 exposed articular cartilage 11:37 exposed articular cartilage 11:37 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 1 114 theme articular 254:262 arg1 cartilage 264:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 exposed healthy articular cartilage 238:272 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 8 115 theme water 1628:1632 arg1 lower 1681:1685 lower 1681:1685 lower 1681:1685 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 8 115 theme water 1628:1632 arg1 content 1634:1640 the water content 1624:1640 the water content in the control group 1624:1661 Further, the water content in the control group was significantly lower than all treatment groups at time 2H (P < .001). 25260748 2 116 theme institutional 436:448 arg1 Care 457:460 institutional Animal Care 436:460 institutional Animal Care 436:460 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 9 117 from point 1876:1880 arg1 groups 1854:1859 groups 1854:1859 groups at either time point 1854:1880 No significant differences in tissue collagen or GAG content were observed within groups between time points or among groups at either time point. 25260748 4 118 theme tissue 1151:1156 arg1 content 1164:1170 tissue water content 1151:1170 tissue water content 1151:1170 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 0 119 theme surgical 51:58 arg1 procedures 60:69 open surgical procedures 46:69 open surgical procedures 46:69 Effects on exposed articular cartilage during open surgical procedures: a comparison of various fluids in an animal model. 25260748 10 120 dep CONCLUSIONS 1883:1893 arg1 cartilage 1912:1920 Canine articular cartilage 1895:1920 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage 1883:1920 CONCLUSIONS Canine articular cartilage did not demonstrate any reduction in chondrocyte viability or tissue water content at 2 hours when treated with hyaluronic acid, saline drip, saline-soaked sponge, or DMEM-soaked sponge compared with untreated exposed cartilage. 25260748 2 121 theme Use 466:468 arg1 condyles 509:516 femoral and tibial condyles 490:516 condyles 509:516 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 2 121 theme Use 466:468 arg1 approval 480:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval 436:487 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 5 122 theme control 1355:1361 arg1 group 1363:1367 the control group 1351:1367 the control group 1351:1367 RESULTS Chondrocyte viability was significantly lower (P = .03) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 1 123 theme hydration 297:305 arg1 strategies 317:326 tissue hydration treatment strategies 290:326 tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment 290:420 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25260748 2 124 dep condyles 509:516 arg1 = 521:521 = 521:521 = 521:521 METHODS With institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, femoral and tibial condyles (n = 36; 6 per specimen) were harvested from canine cadavers (n = 6) immediately after euthanasia and placed on a draped operating table under standard surgical lighting for a timed 2-hour period. 25260748 4 125 theme 2-hour 1074:1079 arg1 exposure 1081:1088 2-hour exposure 1074:1088 2-hour exposure (time 2H) 1074:1098 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 4 125 theme 2-hour 1074:1079 arg1 2H 1096:1097 time 2H 1091:1097 time 2H 1091:1097 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 3 126 theme saline 847:852 arg1 drip 854:857 saline drip 847:857 saline drip 847:857 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 3 126 theme saline 847:852 arg1 groups 762:767 6 groups 760:767 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip 760:946 Each condyle was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups (n = 6 per group): no-treatment control, hyaluronic acid (HA), saline sponge, saline drip, culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) sponge, or culture media drip. 25260748 7 127 theme control 1600:1606 arg1 group 1608:1612 the control group 1596:1612 the control group 1596:1612 Water content was significantly lower (P < .01) after the 2-hour exposure in the control group. 25260748 4 128 theme matrix 1191:1196 arg1 composition 1198:1208 extracellular matrix composition 1177:1208 extracellular matrix composition 1177:1208 Full-thickness cartilage sections were collected from each specimen immediately after harvest (time 0) and immediately after 2-hour exposure (time 2H), and processed to determine chondrocyte viability, tissue water content, and extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and collagen content). 25260748 1 129 theme operating 208:216 arg1 environment 223:233 the operating room environment 204:233 the operating room environment 204:233 PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the potential detrimental effects of the operating room environment on exposed healthy articular cartilage and to evaluate tissue hydration treatment strategies for preserving chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix composition in this environment. 25007746 2 0 dep P. 559:560 arg1 australis 562:570 P. australis having the lowest yield 559:594 P. australis having the lowest yield 559:594 The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. 25007746 2 0 dep P. 559:560 arg1 having 572:577 having 572:577 having the lowest yield 572:594 The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. 25007746 0 1 from inhibition 17:26 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 47:64 lipopolysaccharide 47:64 lipopolysaccharide 47:64 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 2 2 theme lowest 583:588 arg1 yield 590:594 the lowest yield 579:594 the lowest yield 579:594 The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. 25007746 7 3 theme brown 1119:1123 arg1 seaweed 1125:1131 brown seaweed 1119:1131 brown seaweed of Malaysian origin 1119:1151 Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds. 25007746 0 4 theme cell 84:87 arg1 lines 89:93 mammalian cell lines 74:93 mammalian cell lines 74:93 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 0 5 theme aqueous 98:104 arg1 extracts 106:113 aqueous extracts 98:113 aqueous extracts of brown seaweed 98:130 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 0 6 from Cytotoxicity 0:11 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 47:64 lipopolysaccharide 47:64 lipopolysaccharide 47:64 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 2 7 theme highest 624:630 arg1 yield 632:636 the highest yield 620:636 the highest yield 620:636 The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. 25007746 7 8 theme origin 1146:1151 arg1 seaweed 1125:1131 brown seaweed 1119:1131 brown seaweed of Malaysian origin 1119:1151 Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds. 25007746 2 9 theme percentage 503:512 arg1 yield 514:518 The percentage yield 499:518 The percentage yield of extracts 499:530 The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. 25007746 1 10 theme oxide 357:361 arg1 production 368:377 nitric oxide (NO) production 350:377 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 350:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 11 theme cell 436:439 arg1 lines 441:445 cell lines 436:445 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 5 12 theme australis 898:906 arg1 Extracts 883:890 Extracts 883:890 Extracts of P. australis and T. turbinata dosed at 200 μg/mL 883:942 Extracts of P. australis and T. turbinata dosed at 200 μg/mL were able to inhibit NO secretion by > 75%. 25007746 1 13 from production 368:377 arg1 RAW 426:428 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 4 14 theme high 816:819 arg1 fucose 821:826 high fucose 816:826 high fucose 816:826 All extracts contained high fucose and inhibited NO secretion in a dose-dependent manner. 25007746 4 15 contain contained 806:814 arg2 fucose 821:826 high fucose 816:826 high fucose 816:826 All extracts contained high fucose and inhibited NO secretion in a dose-dependent manner. 25007746 4 15 contain contained 806:814 arg1 extracts 797:804 All extracts 793:804 All extracts 793:804 All extracts contained high fucose and inhibited NO secretion in a dose-dependent manner. 25007746 1 16 theme Malaysian 169:177 arg1 seaweeds 185:192 five Malaysian brown seaweeds 164:192 five Malaysian brown seaweeds 164:192 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 16 theme Malaysian 169:177 arg1 binderi 227:233 Sargassum binderi 217:233 Sargassum binderi 217:233 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 16 theme Malaysian 169:177 arg1 fulvellum 246:254 Sargassum fulvellum 236:254 Sargassum fulvellum 236:254 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 16 theme Malaysian 169:177 arg1 turbinata 290:298 Turbinaria turbinata 279:298 Turbinaria turbinata 279:298 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 16 theme Malaysian 169:177 arg1 duplicatum 205:214 Sargassum duplicatum 195:214 Sargassum duplicatum 195:214 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 16 theme Malaysian 169:177 arg1 Padina 257:262 Padina 257:262 Padina 257:262 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 17 theme brown 179:183 arg1 seaweeds 185:192 five Malaysian brown seaweeds 164:192 five Malaysian brown seaweeds 164:192 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 17 theme brown 179:183 arg1 binderi 227:233 Sargassum binderi 217:233 Sargassum binderi 217:233 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 17 theme brown 179:183 arg1 fulvellum 246:254 Sargassum fulvellum 236:254 Sargassum fulvellum 236:254 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 17 theme brown 179:183 arg1 turbinata 290:298 Turbinaria turbinata 279:298 Turbinaria turbinata 279:298 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 17 theme brown 179:183 arg1 duplicatum 205:214 Sargassum duplicatum 195:214 Sargassum duplicatum 195:214 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 17 theme brown 179:183 arg1 Padina 257:262 Padina 257:262 Padina 257:262 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 7 18 theme anti-inflammatory 1209:1225 arg1 compounds 1227:1235 additional anti-inflammatory compounds 1198:1235 additional anti-inflammatory compounds 1198:1235 Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds. 25007746 1 19 dep Padina 257:262 arg1 australis 264:272 Padina australis 257:272 Padina australis 257:272 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 6 20 theme cytotoxicity 1001:1012 arg1 assays 1014:1019 cytotoxicity assays 1001:1019 cytotoxicity assays 1001:1019 Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays revealed that some extracts were moderately toxic, while others were not. 25007746 7 21 theme Malaysian 1136:1144 arg1 origin 1146:1151 Malaysian origin 1136:1151 Malaysian origin 1136:1151 Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds. 25007746 0 22 theme seaweed 124:130 arg1 extracts 106:113 aqueous extracts 98:113 aqueous extracts of brown seaweed 98:130 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 5 23 theme turbinata 915:923 arg1 Extracts 883:890 Extracts 883:890 Extracts of P. australis and T. turbinata dosed at 200 μg/mL 883:942 Extracts of P. australis and T. turbinata dosed at 200 μg/mL were able to inhibit NO secretion by > 75%. 25007746 1 24 dep abilities 329:337 arg1 inhibit 342:348 inhibit 342:348 to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition 339:496 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 24 dep abilities 329:337 arg1 determine 461:469 determine 461:469 to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition 339:496 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 0 25 theme brown 118:122 arg1 seaweed 124:130 brown seaweed 118:130 brown seaweed 118:130 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 0 26 theme oxide 38:42 arg1 inhibition 17:26 inhibition 17:26 inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide 17:64 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 0 26 theme oxide 38:42 arg1 Cytotoxicity 0:11 Cytotoxicity 0:11 Cytotoxicity 0:11 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 3 27 theme ions 719:722 arg1 content 763:769 total sugar content 751:769 total sugar content 751:769 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 3 27 theme ions 719:722 arg1 acid 742:745 uronic acid 735:745 uronic acid 735:745 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 3 27 theme ions 719:722 arg1 percentage 697:706 the percentage 693:706 the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content 693:769 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 2 28 theme extracts 523:530 arg1 yield 514:518 The percentage yield 499:518 The percentage yield of extracts 499:530 The percentage yield of extracts varied among species, with P. australis having the lowest yield and T. turbinata having the highest yield. 25007746 0 29 theme nitric 31:36 arg1 oxide 38:42 nitric oxide 31:42 nitric oxide 31:42 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 4 30 theme dose-dependent 860:873 arg1 manner 875:880 a dose-dependent manner 858:880 a dose-dependent manner 858:880 All extracts contained high fucose and inhibited NO secretion in a dose-dependent manner. 25007746 7 31 theme compounds 1227:1235 arg1 production 1184:1193 the production 1180:1193 the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds 1180:1235 Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds. 25007746 1 32 theme nitric 350:355 arg1 NO 364:365 NO 364:365 NO 364:365 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 32 theme nitric 350:355 arg1 oxide 357:361 nitric oxide 350:361 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 350:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 3 33 theme chemical 643:650 arg1 compositions 652:663 The chemical compositions 639:663 The chemical compositions of the extracts 639:679 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 1 34 theme chemical 477:484 arg1 composition 486:496 their chemical composition 471:496 their chemical composition 471:496 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 3 35 theme uronic 735:740 arg1 acid 742:745 uronic acid 735:745 uronic acid 735:745 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 3 36 theme sulfate 711:717 arg1 ions 719:722 sulfate ions 711:722 sulfate ions 711:722 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 1 37 theme -induced 406:413 arg1 RAW 426:428 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 38 theme Aqueous 133:139 arg1 extracts 141:148 Aqueous extracts 133:148 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, 133:299 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 1 39 dep RAW 426:428 arg1 lines 441:445 cell lines 436:445 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 7 40 theme additional 1198:1207 arg1 compounds 1227:1235 additional anti-inflammatory compounds 1198:1235 additional anti-inflammatory compounds 1198:1235 Based on these results, brown seaweed of Malaysian origin should be investigated for the production of additional anti-inflammatory compounds. 25007746 0 41 theme mammalian 74:82 arg1 lines 89:93 mammalian cell lines 74:93 mammalian cell lines 74:93 Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. 25007746 1 42 theme macrophage 415:424 arg1 RAW 426:428 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines 382:445 Aqueous extracts obtained from five Malaysian brown seaweeds, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum fulvellum, Padina australis, and Turbinaria turbinata, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as to determine their chemical composition. 25007746 3 43 theme total 751:755 arg1 content 763:769 total sugar content 751:769 total sugar content 751:769 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 3 44 theme extracts 672:679 arg1 compositions 652:663 The chemical compositions 639:663 The chemical compositions of the extracts 639:679 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 25007746 3 45 theme sugar 757:761 arg1 content 763:769 total sugar content 751:769 total sugar content 751:769 The chemical compositions of the extracts showed that the percentage of sulfate ions as well as uronic acid and total sugar content varied significantly. 26151837 6 0 theme mass 869:872 arg1 terms 849:853 terms 849:853 terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 849:921 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 4 1 theme Resulting 557:565 arg1 CNFs 567:570 Resulting CNFs 557:570 Resulting CNFs 557:570 Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. 26151837 6 2 theme molar 863:867 arg1 mass 869:872 high molar mass 858:872 high molar mass 858:872 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 2 3 theme CNF 318:320 arg1 isolation 322:330 CNF isolation 318:330 CNF isolation 318:330 Also, CNF isolation often requires high-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 1 4 theme larger 229:234 arg1 diameter 236:243 larger diameter 229:243 larger diameter 229:243 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 6 5 theme high 858:861 arg1 mass 869:872 high molar mass 858:872 high molar mass 858:872 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 7 6 theme corresponding 941:953 arg1 structures 965:974 the corresponding nanopaper structures 937:974 the corresponding nanopaper structures 937:974 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 1 7 theme diameter 236:243 arg1 terms 220:224 terms 220:224 terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry 220:309 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 5 8 theme Cellulose 677:685 arg1 films 697:701 Cellulose nanopaper films 677:701 Cellulose nanopaper films 677:701 Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. 26151837 4 9 theme polysaccharide 649:662 arg1 composition 664:674 polysaccharide composition 649:674 polysaccharide composition 649:674 Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. 26151837 5 10 theme nanopaper 687:695 arg1 films 697:701 Cellulose nanopaper films 677:701 Cellulose nanopaper films 677:701 Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. 26151837 3 11 theme aspen 493:497 arg1 fibers 499:504 spruce and aspen fibers 482:504 fibers 499:504 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 4 12 theme molar 627:631 arg1 SEC 639:641 SEC 639:641 SEC 639:641 Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. 26151837 4 12 theme molar 627:631 arg1 mass 633:636 molar mass 627:636 molar mass (SEC) 627:642 Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. 26151837 3 13 theme CNFs 406:409 arg1 type 398:401 a new type 392:401 a new type of CNFs 392:409 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 6 14 from terms 849:853 arg1 unique 839:844 unique 839:844 unique 839:844 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 6 15 theme core-shell 902:911 arg1 structure 913:921 cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 878:921 cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 878:921 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 7 16 theme nanopaper 1090:1098 arg1 structures 1100:1109 comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1075:1109 comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1075:1109 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 3 17 theme mechanical 530:539 arg1 disintegration 541:554 low-energy mechanical disintegration 519:554 low-energy mechanical disintegration 519:554 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 2 18 theme mechanical 359:368 arg1 disintegration 370:383 high-energy mechanical disintegration 347:383 high-energy mechanical disintegration 347:383 Also, CNF isolation often requires high-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 0 19 theme Holocellulose 0:12 arg1 Nanofibers 14:23 Holocellulose Nanofibers 0:23 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 0:90 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 26151837 6 20 theme cellulose-hemicellulose 878:900 arg1 structure 913:921 cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 878:921 cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 878:921 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 1 21 theme Wood 92:95 arg1 CNFs 119:122 CNFs 119:122 CNFs 119:122 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 21 theme Wood 92:95 arg1 nanofibers 107:116 Wood cellulose nanofibers 92:116 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp 92:146 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 22 theme cellulose 171:179 arg1 microfibrils 181:192 the cellulose microfibrils 167:192 the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall 167:215 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 0 23 theme High 28:31 arg1 Mass 39:42 High Molar Mass 28:42 High Molar Mass 28:42 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 26151837 1 24 theme cellulose 252:260 arg1 mass 268:271 lower cellulose molar mass 246:271 lower cellulose molar mass 246:271 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 7 25 theme comparable 1075:1084 arg1 structures 1100:1109 comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1075:1109 comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1075:1109 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 1 26 theme cellulose 97:105 arg1 CNFs 119:122 CNFs 119:122 CNFs 119:122 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 26 theme cellulose 97:105 arg1 nanofibers 107:116 Wood cellulose nanofibers 92:116 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp 92:146 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 27 theme molar 262:266 arg1 mass 268:271 lower cellulose molar mass 246:271 lower cellulose molar mass 246:271 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 7 28 theme CNF 1086:1088 arg1 structures 1100:1109 comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1075:1109 comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1075:1109 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 3 29 theme low-energy 519:528 arg1 disintegration 541:554 low-energy mechanical disintegration 519:554 low-energy mechanical disintegration 519:554 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 5 30 theme uniaxial 800:807 arg1 tests 817:821 uniaxial tensile tests 800:821 uniaxial tensile tests 800:821 Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. 26151837 0 31 theme Mass 39:42 arg1 Nanofibers 14:23 Holocellulose Nanofibers 0:23 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 0:90 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 26151837 1 32 theme mass 268:271 arg1 terms 220:224 terms 220:224 terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry 220:309 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 2 33 theme high-energy 347:357 arg1 disintegration 370:383 high-energy mechanical disintegration 347:383 high-energy mechanical disintegration 347:383 Also, CNF isolation often requires high-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 5 34 theme tensile 809:815 arg1 tests 817:821 uniaxial tensile tests 800:821 uniaxial tensile tests 800:821 Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. 26151837 0 35 theme Molar 33:37 arg1 Mass 39:42 High Molar Mass 28:42 High Molar Mass 28:42 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 26151837 3 36 theme new 394:396 arg1 type 398:401 a new type 392:401 a new type of CNFs 392:409 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 5 37 theme optical 775:781 arg1 transparency 783:794 optical transparency 775:794 optical transparency 775:794 Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. 26151837 1 38 theme plant 201:205 arg1 wall 212:215 the plant cell wall 197:215 the plant cell wall 197:215 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 0 39 theme Small 48:52 arg1 Diameter 54:61 Small Diameter 48:61 Small Diameter 48:61 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 26151837 6 40 theme structure 913:921 arg1 terms 849:853 terms 849:853 terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 849:921 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 26151837 7 41 theme mechanical 1040:1049 arg1 properties 1051:1060 the highest mechanical properties 1028:1060 the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1028:1109 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 7 42 theme high 998:1001 arg1 transparency 1011:1022 exceptionally high optical transparency 984:1022 exceptionally high optical transparency 984:1022 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 3 43 theme acid 449:452 arg1 process 470:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process 432:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers 432:504 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 5 44 theme UV-vis 751:756 arg1 spectrometry 758:769 UV-vis spectrometry 751:769 UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests 751:821 Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. 26151837 1 45 theme modified 278:285 arg1 topochemistry 297:309 modified cellulose topochemistry 278:309 modified cellulose topochemistry 278:309 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 46 from terms 220:224 arg1 different 152:160 different 152:160 different 152:160 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 4 47 dep geometry 606:613 arg1 AFM 616:618 AFM 616:618 AFM 616:618 Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. 26151837 4 47 dep geometry 606:613 arg1 TEM 621:623 TEM 621:623 TEM 621:623 Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. 26151837 1 48 from microfibrils 181:192 arg1 different 152:160 different 152:160 different 152:160 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 48 from microfibrils 181:192 arg1 wall 212:215 the plant cell wall 197:215 the plant cell wall 197:215 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 3 49 theme delignification 454:468 arg1 process 470:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process 432:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers 432:504 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 1 50 theme cellulose 287:295 arg1 topochemistry 297:309 modified cellulose topochemistry 278:309 modified cellulose topochemistry 278:309 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 3 51 dep reported 414:421 arg1 based 423:427 based 423:427 based 423:427 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 7 52 theme optical 1003:1009 arg1 transparency 1011:1022 exceptionally high optical transparency 984:1022 exceptionally high optical transparency 984:1022 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 3 53 theme mild 434:437 arg1 process 470:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process 432:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers 432:504 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 7 54 theme nanopaper 955:963 arg1 structures 965:974 the corresponding nanopaper structures 937:974 the corresponding nanopaper structures 937:974 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 1 55 theme cell 207:210 arg1 wall 212:215 the plant cell wall 197:215 the plant cell wall 197:215 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 7 56 theme highest 1032:1038 arg1 properties 1051:1060 the highest mechanical properties 1028:1060 the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures 1028:1109 Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures. 26151837 3 57 dep based 423:427 arg1 followed 507:514 followed 507:514 followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration 507:554 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 3 58 theme peracetic 439:447 arg1 process 470:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process 432:476 a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers 432:504 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 3 59 theme spruce 482:487 arg1 fibers 499:504 spruce and aspen fibers 482:504 fibers 499:504 Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. 26151837 0 60 theme Diameter 54:61 arg1 Nanofibers 14:23 Holocellulose Nanofibers 0:23 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 0:90 Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. 26151837 1 61 theme topochemistry 297:309 arg1 terms 220:224 terms 220:224 terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry 220:309 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 62 from different 152:160 arg1 terms 220:224 terms 220:224 terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry 220:309 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 1 63 theme bleached 134:141 arg1 pulp 143:146 bleached pulp 134:146 bleached pulp 134:146 Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. 26151837 6 64 from unique 839:844 arg1 terms 849:853 terms 849:853 terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure 849:921 These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. 24315576 8 0 dep generation 833:842 arg1 conducted 844:852 conducted 844:852 conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 844:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 5 1 theme colon 565:569 arg1 muscle 578:583 rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 558:619 muscle 578:583 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 6 2 theme tissue 663:668 arg1 constructs 670:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs 630:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells 630:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 8 3 theme force 827:831 arg1 generation 833:842 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 817:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 817:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 7 4 from culture 808:814 arg1 left 800:803 left 800:803 left 800:803 The constructs were placed next to each other around tubular chitosan scaffolds and left in culture. 24315576 11 5 from differentiation 1120:1134 arg1 constructs 1170:1179 the constructs 1166:1179 the constructs 1166:1179 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 6 6 theme only 658:661 arg1 constructs 670:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs 630:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells 630:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 7 7 theme tubular 769:775 arg1 scaffolds 786:794 tubular chitosan scaffolds 769:794 tubular chitosan scaffolds 769:794 The constructs were placed next to each other around tubular chitosan scaffolds and left in culture. 24315576 3 8 theme chitosan 363:370 arg1 scaffolds 372:380 composite chitosan scaffolds 353:380 composite chitosan scaffolds 353:380 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 5 9 theme progenitor 604:613 arg1 cells 615:619 rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 558:619 cells 615:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 6 10 theme muscle 651:656 arg1 constructs 670:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs 630:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells 630:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 3 11 theme scaffolds 372:380 arg1 use 346:348 the potential use 332:348 the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs 332:431 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 2 12 theme lost 289:292 arg1 innervation 294:304 lost innervation 289:304 lost innervation 289:304 The objective of this study was to evaluate the neo-innervation of smooth muscle in an attempt to restore lost innervation. 24315576 2 13 from neo-innervation 231:245 arg1 attempt 270:276 an attempt to restore lost innervation 267:304 an attempt to restore lost innervation 267:304 The objective of this study was to evaluate the neo-innervation of smooth muscle in an attempt to restore lost innervation. 24315576 11 14 theme muscle 1234:1239 arg1 neo-innervation 1193:1207 the neo-innervation 1189:1207 (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold 1185:1264 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 11 14 theme muscle 1234:1239 arg1 differentiation 1120:1134 the differentiation 1116:1134 (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs 1112:1179 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 5 15 theme innervated 508:517 arg1 muscle 534:539 innervated colonic smooth muscle 508:539 innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 508:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 8 16 theme smooth 886:891 arg1 constructs 900:909 the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 857:909 the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 857:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 11 17 theme same 1252:1255 arg1 scaffold 1257:1264 the same scaffold 1248:1264 the same scaffold 1248:1264 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 5 18 theme colonic 519:525 arg1 muscle 534:539 innervated colonic smooth muscle 508:539 innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 508:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 3 19 theme composite 353:361 arg1 scaffolds 372:380 composite chitosan scaffolds 353:380 composite chitosan scaffolds 353:380 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 5 20 theme neural 597:602 arg1 cells 615:619 rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 558:619 cells 615:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 6 21 theme bioengineered 630:642 arg1 constructs 670:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs 630:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells 630:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 5 22 theme smooth 527:532 arg1 muscle 534:539 innervated colonic smooth muscle 508:539 innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 508:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 11 23 dep neo-innervation 1193:1207 arg1 2 1186:1186 2 1186:1186 2 1186:1186 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 6 24 theme smooth 644:649 arg1 constructs 670:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs 630:679 bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells 630:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 1 25 from disturbances 141:152 arg1 transit 174:180 gastrointestinal transit 157:180 gastrointestinal transit 157:180 Neuromuscular disorders of the gut result in disturbances in gastrointestinal transit. 24315576 1 26 theme Neuromuscular 96:108 arg1 disorders 110:118 Neuromuscular disorders 96:118 Neuromuscular disorders of the gut 96:129 Neuromuscular disorders of the gut result in disturbances in gastrointestinal transit. 24315576 5 27 theme muscle 534:539 arg1 constructs 541:550 innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs 508:550 innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 508:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 11 28 theme cells 1157:1161 arg1 neo-innervation 1193:1207 the neo-innervation 1189:1207 (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold 1185:1264 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 11 28 theme cells 1157:1161 arg1 differentiation 1120:1134 the differentiation 1116:1134 (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs 1112:1179 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 3 29 theme intestinal 397:406 arg1 constructs 422:431 intestinal smooth muscle constructs 397:431 intestinal smooth muscle constructs 397:431 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 10 30 theme neo-innervation 1028:1042 arg1 results 1044:1050 The neo-innervation results 1024:1050 The neo-innervation results 1024:1050 The neo-innervation results were confirmed by immunostaining assays. 24315576 0 31 theme bioengineered 21:33 arg1 muscle 53:58 a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 19:58 a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 19:58 Neo-innervation of a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle construct around chitosan scaffold. 24315576 10 32 theme immunostaining 1070:1083 arg1 assays 1085:1090 immunostaining assays 1070:1090 immunostaining assays 1070:1090 The neo-innervation results were confirmed by immunostaining assays. 24315576 11 33 theme non-innervated 1212:1225 arg1 muscle 1234:1239 non-innervated smooth muscle 1212:1239 non-innervated smooth muscle 1212:1239 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 4 34 theme neuronal 465:472 arg1 component 474:482 neuronal component 465:482 neuronal component 465:482 However, the constructs lacked neuronal component. 24315576 11 35 theme neural 1139:1144 arg1 cells 1157:1161 neural progenitor cells 1139:1161 neural progenitor cells 1139:1161 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 0 36 theme smooth 46:51 arg1 muscle 53:58 a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 19:58 a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 19:58 Neo-innervation of a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle construct around chitosan scaffold. 24315576 8 37 theme differentiated 918:931 arg1 neurons 944:950 differentiated functional neurons 918:950 differentiated functional neurons 918:950 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 0 38 theme chitosan 77:84 arg1 scaffold 86:93 chitosan scaffold 77:93 chitosan scaffold 77:93 Neo-innervation of a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle construct around chitosan scaffold. 24315576 2 39 theme smooth 250:255 arg1 muscle 257:262 smooth muscle 250:262 smooth muscle 250:262 The objective of this study was to evaluate the neo-innervation of smooth muscle in an attempt to restore lost innervation. 24315576 0 40 theme intestinal 35:44 arg1 muscle 53:58 a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 19:58 a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 19:58 Neo-innervation of a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle construct around chitosan scaffold. 24315576 8 41 theme time 822:825 arg1 generation 833:842 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 817:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 817:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 11 42 dep differentiation 1120:1134 arg1 1 1113:1113 1 1113:1113 1 1113:1113 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 8 43 theme Real 817:820 arg1 generation 833:842 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 817:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 817:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 5 44 theme smooth 571:576 arg1 muscle 578:583 rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 558:619 muscle 578:583 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 3 45 theme smooth 408:413 arg1 constructs 422:431 intestinal smooth muscle constructs 397:431 intestinal smooth muscle constructs 397:431 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 9 46 theme only 985:988 arg1 constructs 990:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs became neo-innervated. 24315576 8 47 theme innervated 875:884 arg1 constructs 900:909 the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 857:909 the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 857:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 1 48 theme gut 127:129 arg1 disorders 110:118 Neuromuscular disorders 96:118 Neuromuscular disorders of the gut 96:129 Neuromuscular disorders of the gut result in disturbances in gastrointestinal transit. 24315576 0 49 theme muscle 53:58 arg1 Neo-innervation 0:14 Neo-innervation 0:14 Neo-innervation of a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle 0:58 Neo-innervation of a bioengineered intestinal smooth muscle construct around chitosan scaffold. 24315576 9 50 theme bioengineered 957:969 arg1 constructs 990:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs became neo-innervated. 24315576 11 51 from neo-innervation 1193:1207 arg1 constructs 1170:1179 the constructs 1166:1179 the constructs 1166:1179 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 6 52 theme muscle 702:707 arg1 cells 709:713 colonic smooth muscle cells 687:713 colonic smooth muscle cells 687:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 11 53 theme progenitor 1146:1155 arg1 cells 1157:1161 neural progenitor cells 1139:1161 neural progenitor cells 1139:1161 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 9 54 theme smooth 971:976 arg1 constructs 990:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs became neo-innervated. 24315576 5 55 theme enteric 589:595 arg1 cells 615:619 rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 558:619 cells 615:619 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 6 56 theme smooth 695:700 arg1 cells 709:713 colonic smooth muscle cells 687:713 colonic smooth muscle cells 687:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 7 57 from left 800:803 arg1 culture 808:814 culture 808:814 culture 808:814 The constructs were placed next to each other around tubular chitosan scaffolds and left in culture. 24315576 9 58 theme muscle 978:983 arg1 constructs 990:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs 953:999 The bioengineered smooth muscle only constructs became neo-innervated. 24315576 6 59 theme colonic 687:693 arg1 cells 709:713 colonic smooth muscle cells 687:713 colonic smooth muscle cells 687:713 We also bioengineered smooth muscle only tissue constructs using colonic smooth muscle cells. 24315576 3 60 theme potential 336:344 arg1 use 346:348 the potential use 332:348 the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs 332:431 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 2 61 theme study 205:209 arg1 objective 187:195 The objective 183:195 The objective of this study 183:209 The objective of this study was to evaluate the neo-innervation of smooth muscle in an attempt to restore lost innervation. 24315576 11 62 theme smooth 1227:1232 arg1 muscle 1234:1239 non-innervated smooth muscle 1212:1239 non-innervated smooth muscle 1212:1239 Chitosan supported (1) the differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the constructs and (2) the neo-innervation of non-innervated smooth muscle around the same scaffold. 24315576 3 63 theme muscle 415:420 arg1 constructs 422:431 intestinal smooth muscle constructs 397:431 intestinal smooth muscle constructs 397:431 We have previously shown the potential use of composite chitosan scaffolds as support for intestinal smooth muscle constructs. 24315576 8 64 theme functional 933:942 arg1 neurons 944:950 differentiated functional neurons 918:950 differentiated functional neurons 918:950 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 24315576 7 65 theme chitosan 777:784 arg1 scaffolds 786:794 tubular chitosan scaffolds 769:794 tubular chitosan scaffolds 769:794 The constructs were placed next to each other around tubular chitosan scaffolds and left in culture. 24315576 2 66 theme muscle 257:262 arg1 neo-innervation 231:245 the neo-innervation 227:245 the neo-innervation of smooth muscle in an attempt to restore lost innervation 227:304 The objective of this study was to evaluate the neo-innervation of smooth muscle in an attempt to restore lost innervation. 24315576 5 67 theme rabbit 558:563 arg1 muscle 578:583 rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells 558:619 muscle 578:583 Here, we bioengineered innervated colonic smooth muscle constructs using rabbit colon smooth muscle and enteric neural progenitor cells. 24315576 1 68 theme gastrointestinal 157:172 arg1 transit 174:180 gastrointestinal transit 157:180 gastrointestinal transit 157:180 Neuromuscular disorders of the gut result in disturbances in gastrointestinal transit. 24315576 8 69 theme muscle 893:898 arg1 constructs 900:909 the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 857:909 the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs 857:909 Real time force generation conducted on the intrinsically innervated smooth muscle constructs showed differentiated functional neurons. 26652381 6 0 theme composition 997:1007 arg1 function 971:978 a function 969:978 a function of the copolymer composition 969:1007 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 6 0 theme composition 997:1007 arg1 distribution 870:881 Size distribution 865:881 Size distribution 865:881 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 5 1 theme cell 734:737 arg1 adhesion 739:746 cell adhesion 734:746 cell adhesion 734:746 To enhance cell adhesion, these copolymers were also tailored to bring amino-saccharide positively charged segments to the microbead surface. 26652381 6 2 theme total 908:912 arg1 yield 928:932 total microparticle yield 908:932 total microparticle yield 908:932 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 1 3 dep chitosan-g-poly 110:124 arg1 l-lactide 128:136 l-lactide 128:136 l-lactide 128:136 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 1 3 dep chitosan-g-poly 110:124 arg1 d 126:126 d 126:126 d 126:126 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 6 4 theme copolymer 987:995 arg1 composition 997:1007 the copolymer composition 983:1007 the copolymer composition 983:1007 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 4 5 theme non-degradable 651:664 arg1 emulsifier 666:675 a non-degradable emulsifier 649:675 a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation 649:720 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 5 6 theme charged 822:828 arg1 segments 830:837 amino-saccharide positively charged segments 794:837 amino-saccharide positively charged segments 794:837 To enhance cell adhesion, these copolymers were also tailored to bring amino-saccharide positively charged segments to the microbead surface. 26652381 1 7 theme solid-state 177:187 arg1 copolymerization 205:220 solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization 177:220 solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization 177:220 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 4 8 theme copolymers 567:576 arg1 Introduction 547:558 Introduction 547:558 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion 547:628 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 6 9 theme surface 884:890 arg1 morphology 892:901 surface morphology 884:901 surface morphology 884:901 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 2 10 theme reactive 324:331 arg1 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 2 10 theme reactive 324:331 arg1 blending 333:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending 298:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion 298:382 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 1 11 theme mechanochemical 189:203 arg1 copolymerization 205:220 solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization 177:220 solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization 177:220 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 1 12 theme Amphiphilic 98:108 arg1 copolymers 139:148 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers 98:148 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers 98:148 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 0 13 theme Polylactide-based 0:16 arg1 microspheres 18:29 Polylactide-based microspheres 0:29 Polylactide-based microspheres prepared using solid-state 0:56 Polylactide-based microspheres prepared using solid-state copolymerized chitosan and d,l-lactide. 26652381 4 14 from Introduction 547:558 arg1 phase 608:612 the oil phase 600:612 the oil phase of the emulsion 600:628 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 4 14 from Introduction 547:558 arg1 water 588:592 water 588:592 water 588:592 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 2 15 used used 393:396 arg2 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 2 15 used used 393:396 arg2 blending 333:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending 298:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion 298:382 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 1 16 theme chitosan-g-poly 110:124 arg1 copolymers 139:148 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers 98:148 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers 98:148 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 6 17 theme Size 865:868 arg1 distribution 870:881 Size distribution 865:881 Size distribution 865:881 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 6 17 theme Size 865:868 arg1 function 971:978 a function 969:978 a function of the copolymer composition 969:1007 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 2 18 theme low-temperature 355:369 arg1 co-extrusion 371:382 low-temperature co-extrusion 355:382 low-temperature co-extrusion 355:382 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 4 19 theme microparticle 696:708 arg1 preparation 710:720 microparticle preparation 696:720 microparticle preparation 696:720 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 6 20 theme microparticle 914:926 arg1 yield 928:932 total microparticle yield 908:932 total microparticle yield 908:932 Size distribution, surface morphology, and total microparticle yield have been studied and optimized as a function of the copolymer composition. 26652381 4 21 theme emulsion 621:628 arg1 phase 608:612 the oil phase 600:612 the oil phase of the emulsion 600:628 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 3 22 theme emulsion 515:522 arg1 technique 536:544 an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique 502:544 an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique 502:544 These materials have been valorized to stabilize microspheres processed by an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique. 26652381 5 23 theme amino-saccharide 794:809 arg1 segments 830:837 amino-saccharide positively charged segments 794:837 amino-saccharide positively charged segments 794:837 To enhance cell adhesion, these copolymers were also tailored to bring amino-saccharide positively charged segments to the microbead surface. 26652381 1 24 theme polyester-based 245:259 arg1 microspheres 261:272 polyester-based microspheres 245:272 polyester-based microspheres 245:272 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 4 25 theme oil 604:606 arg1 phase 608:612 the oil phase 600:612 the oil phase of the emulsion 600:628 Introduction of the copolymers either in water or in the oil phase of the emulsion allowed to replace a non-degradable emulsifier typically used for microparticle preparation. 26652381 2 26 theme solid-state 312:322 arg1 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 2 26 theme solid-state 312:322 arg1 blending 333:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending 298:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion 298:382 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 2 27 theme single-step 300:310 arg1 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 SSRB 343:346 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 2 27 theme single-step 300:310 arg1 blending 333:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending 298:340 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion 298:382 A single-step solid-state reactive blending (SSRB) using low-temperature co-extrusion has been used to prepare these copolymers. 26652381 3 28 theme evaporation 524:534 arg1 technique 536:544 an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique 502:544 an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique 502:544 These materials have been valorized to stabilize microspheres processed by an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique. 26652381 3 29 theme oil/water 505:513 arg1 technique 536:544 an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique 502:544 an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique 502:544 These materials have been valorized to stabilize microspheres processed by an oil/water emulsion evaporation technique. 26652381 1 30 theme tissue 278:283 arg1 engineering 285:295 tissue engineering 278:295 tissue engineering 278:295 Amphiphilic chitosan-g-poly(d,l-lactide) copolymers have been manufactured via solid-state mechanochemical copolymerization and tailored to design polyester-based microspheres for tissue engineering. 26652381 5 31 theme microbead 846:854 arg1 surface 856:862 the microbead surface 842:862 the microbead surface 842:862 To enhance cell adhesion, these copolymers were also tailored to bring amino-saccharide positively charged segments to the microbead surface. 29103492 0 0 theme superoxide 76:85 arg1 dismutase 87:95 superoxide dismutase 76:95 superoxide dismutase for wound healing 76:113 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 5 1 theme good 680:683 arg1 property 696:703 good mechanical property 680:703 good mechanical property 680:703 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 9 2 theme promising 1216:1224 arg1 dressing 1236:1243 a promising candidate dressing 1214:1243 a promising candidate dressing in wound healing 1214:1260 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 1 3 theme oxidative 142:150 arg1 stress 152:157 severe oxidative stress 135:157 severe oxidative stress 135:157 In chronic wounds, severe oxidative stress hampers the healing of wounds. 29103492 9 4 theme good 1101:1104 arg1 properties 1115:1124 good physical properties 1101:1124 good physical properties 1101:1124 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 4 5 theme hydrogels 528:536 arg1 porosity 512:519 the porosity 508:519 the porosity of the hydrogels 508:536 These hydrogels exhibited good three-dimensional network structures, and the porosity of the hydrogels decreased as the crosslinking density increased. 29103492 5 6 theme mechanical 685:694 arg1 property 696:703 good mechanical property 680:703 good mechanical property 680:703 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 9 7 theme candidate 1226:1234 arg1 dressing 1236:1243 a promising candidate dressing 1214:1243 a promising candidate dressing in wound healing 1214:1260 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 9 8 from dressing 1236:1243 arg1 healing 1254:1260 wound healing 1248:1260 wound healing 1248:1260 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 9 9 theme physical 1106:1113 arg1 properties 1115:1124 good physical properties 1101:1124 good physical properties 1101:1124 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 3 10 theme γ-glutamic 347:356 arg1 poly 341:344 poly 341:344 poly (γ-glutamic acid) 341:362 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 3 10 theme γ-glutamic 347:356 arg1 acid 358:361 γ-glutamic acid 347:361 γ-glutamic acid 347:361 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 8 11 theme collagen 1022:1029 arg1 deposition 1031:1040 collagen deposition 1022:1040 collagen deposition 1022:1040 In diabetic rat models, the dressing proved to accelerate wound healing by promoting wound closure and collagen deposition. 29103492 8 12 theme rat 931:933 arg1 models 935:940 diabetic rat models 922:940 diabetic rat models 922:940 In diabetic rat models, the dressing proved to accelerate wound healing by promoting wound closure and collagen deposition. 29103492 5 13 theme typical 646:652 arg1 behavior 667:674 typical viscoelastic behavior 646:674 typical viscoelastic behavior 646:674 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 9 14 theme wound 1248:1252 arg1 healing 1254:1260 wound healing 1248:1260 wound healing 1248:1260 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 8 15 theme diabetic 922:929 arg1 models 935:940 diabetic rat models 922:940 diabetic rat models 922:940 In diabetic rat models, the dressing proved to accelerate wound healing by promoting wound closure and collagen deposition. 29103492 0 16 theme wound 101:105 arg1 healing 107:113 wound healing 101:113 wound healing 101:113 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 5 17 theme viscoelastic 654:665 arg1 behavior 667:674 typical viscoelastic behavior 646:674 typical viscoelastic behavior 646:674 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 7 18 theme antioxidant 897:907 arg1 property 909:916 antioxidant property 897:916 antioxidant property 897:916 Then, superoxide dismutase was loaded onto the hydrogel to build a wound dressing with antioxidant property. 29103492 0 19 theme composite 2:10 arg1 hydrogel 12:19 A composite hydrogel 0:19 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) 0:62 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 0 19 theme composite 2:10 arg1 acid 58:61 γ-glutamic acid 47:61 γ-glutamic acid 47:61 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 6 20 theme proliferation 737:749 arg1 assay 751:755 Fibroblast proliferation assay 726:755 Fibroblast proliferation assay 726:755 Fibroblast proliferation assay demonstrated that the hydrogels were cytocompatible. 29103492 5 21 from behavior 667:674 arg1 test 720:723 rheological test 708:723 rheological test 708:723 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 5 22 theme good 611:614 arg1 capacity 625:632 good swelling capacity 611:632 good swelling capacity 611:632 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 6 23 theme Fibroblast 726:735 arg1 assay 751:755 Fibroblast proliferation assay 726:755 Fibroblast proliferation assay 726:755 Fibroblast proliferation assay demonstrated that the hydrogels were cytocompatible. 29103492 5 24 theme swelling 616:623 arg1 capacity 625:632 good swelling capacity 611:632 good swelling capacity 611:632 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 2 25 theme antioxidant-loaded 221:238 arg1 hydrogel 240:247 a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel 213:247 a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel for healing diabetic wounds 213:275 This study constructed a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel for healing diabetic wounds. 29103492 1 26 theme wounds 182:187 arg1 healing 171:177 the healing 167:177 the healing of wounds 167:187 In chronic wounds, severe oxidative stress hampers the healing of wounds. 29103492 4 27 theme good 461:464 arg1 structures 492:501 good three-dimensional network structures 461:501 good three-dimensional network structures 461:501 These hydrogels exhibited good three-dimensional network structures, and the porosity of the hydrogels decreased as the crosslinking density increased. 29103492 9 28 theme trauma 1166:1171 arg1 repair 1148:1153 the repair 1144:1153 the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes 1144:1183 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 9 29 theme chronic 1158:1164 arg1 trauma 1166:1171 chronic trauma 1158:1171 chronic trauma 1158:1171 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 3 30 with poly 341:344 arg1 ratios 379:384 different ratios 369:384 different ratios 369:384 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 7 31 theme wound 877:881 arg1 dressing 883:890 a wound dressing 875:890 a wound dressing with antioxidant property 875:916 Then, superoxide dismutase was loaded onto the hydrogel to build a wound dressing with antioxidant property. 29103492 5 32 contain possessed 601:609 arg1 hydrogels 591:599 The hydrogels 587:599 The hydrogels 587:599 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 5 32 contain possessed 601:609 arg2 capacity 625:632 good swelling capacity 611:632 good swelling capacity 611:632 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 0 33 theme chitosan/heparin/poly 24:44 arg1 hydrogel 12:19 A composite hydrogel 0:19 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) 0:62 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 0 33 theme chitosan/heparin/poly 24:44 arg1 acid 58:61 γ-glutamic acid 47:61 γ-glutamic acid 47:61 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 5 34 from property 696:703 arg1 test 720:723 rheological test 708:723 rheological test 708:723 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 3 35 theme electrostatic 408:420 arg1 interaction 422:432 electrostatic interaction 408:432 electrostatic interaction 408:432 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 4 36 theme network 484:490 arg1 structures 492:501 good three-dimensional network structures 461:501 good three-dimensional network structures 461:501 These hydrogels exhibited good three-dimensional network structures, and the porosity of the hydrogels decreased as the crosslinking density increased. 29103492 2 37 theme novel 215:219 arg1 hydrogel 240:247 a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel 213:247 a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel for healing diabetic wounds 213:275 This study constructed a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel for healing diabetic wounds. 29103492 8 38 theme wound 977:981 arg1 healing 983:989 wound healing 977:989 wound healing 977:989 In diabetic rat models, the dressing proved to accelerate wound healing by promoting wound closure and collagen deposition. 29103492 5 39 theme rheological 708:718 arg1 test 720:723 rheological test 708:723 rheological test 708:723 The hydrogels possessed good swelling capacity, and showed typical viscoelastic behavior and good mechanical property in rheological test. 29103492 4 40 theme three-dimensional 466:482 arg1 structures 492:501 good three-dimensional network structures 461:501 good three-dimensional network structures 461:501 These hydrogels exhibited good three-dimensional network structures, and the porosity of the hydrogels decreased as the crosslinking density increased. 29103492 9 41 from repair 1148:1153 arg1 diabetes 1176:1183 diabetes 1176:1183 diabetes 1176:1183 In summary, the hydrogel prepared in this study exhibited good physical properties and could promote the repair of chronic trauma in diabetes effectively and therefore is a promising candidate dressing in wound healing. 29103492 0 42 theme γ-glutamic 47:56 arg1 hydrogel 12:19 A composite hydrogel 0:19 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) 0:62 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 0 42 theme γ-glutamic 47:56 arg1 acid 58:61 γ-glutamic acid 47:61 γ-glutamic acid 47:61 A composite hydrogel of chitosan/heparin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound healing. 29103492 4 43 theme crosslinking 555:566 arg1 density 568:574 the crosslinking density 551:574 the crosslinking density 551:574 These hydrogels exhibited good three-dimensional network structures, and the porosity of the hydrogels decreased as the crosslinking density increased. 29103492 7 44 with dressing 883:890 arg1 property 909:916 antioxidant property 897:916 antioxidant property 897:916 Then, superoxide dismutase was loaded onto the hydrogel to build a wound dressing with antioxidant property. 29103492 3 45 theme composite 285:293 arg1 hydrogels 295:303 composite hydrogels 285:303 composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios 285:384 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 2 46 theme diabetic 261:268 arg1 wounds 270:275 healing diabetic wounds 253:275 healing diabetic wounds 253:275 This study constructed a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel for healing diabetic wounds. 29103492 3 47 with chitosan 319:326 arg1 ratios 379:384 different ratios 369:384 different ratios 369:384 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 1 48 theme chronic 119:125 arg1 wounds 127:132 chronic wounds 119:132 chronic wounds 119:132 In chronic wounds, severe oxidative stress hampers the healing of wounds. 29103492 2 49 theme healing 253:259 arg1 wounds 270:275 healing diabetic wounds 253:275 healing diabetic wounds 253:275 This study constructed a novel antioxidant-loaded hydrogel for healing diabetic wounds. 29103492 8 50 theme wound 1004:1008 arg1 closure 1010:1016 wound closure 1004:1016 wound closure 1004:1016 In diabetic rat models, the dressing proved to accelerate wound healing by promoting wound closure and collagen deposition. 29103492 1 51 theme severe 135:140 arg1 stress 152:157 severe oxidative stress 135:157 severe oxidative stress 135:157 In chronic wounds, severe oxidative stress hampers the healing of wounds. 29103492 7 52 theme superoxide 816:825 arg1 dismutase 827:835 superoxide dismutase 816:835 superoxide dismutase 816:835 Then, superoxide dismutase was loaded onto the hydrogel to build a wound dressing with antioxidant property. 29103492 3 53 with heparin 329:335 arg1 ratios 379:384 different ratios 369:384 different ratios 369:384 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 29103492 3 54 theme different 369:377 arg1 ratios 379:384 different ratios 369:384 different ratios 369:384 First, composite hydrogels consisting of chitosan, heparin and poly (γ-glutamic acid) with different ratios were prepared through electrostatic interaction. 27639622 3 0 theme same 644:647 arg1 loading 654:660 the same drug loading 640:660 the same drug loading 640:660 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 8 1 theme drugs 1623:1627 arg1 dissolution 1583:1593 immediate dissolution 1573:1593 immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs 1573:1627 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 6 2 theme milled 1182:1187 arg1 size 1198:1201 the milled particle size 1178:1201 the milled particle size 1178:1201 The stabilizer concentrations were varied to affect the milled particle size and prepare a stable nanosuspension. 27639622 8 3 contain had 1529:1531 arg1 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 3 contain had 1529:1531 arg1 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 3 contain had 1529:1531 arg1 powders 1465:1471 The resulting finer composite powders 1435:1471 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 1435:1506 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 3 contain had 1529:1531 arg2 density 1543:1549 high bulk density 1533:1549 high bulk density 1533:1549 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 1 4 theme Itraconazole 171:182 arg1 nanocomposites 137:150 core-shell nanocomposites 126:150 core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, 126:217 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 4 theme Itraconazole 171:182 arg1 Itraconazole 171:182 Itraconazole 171:182 Itraconazole 171:182 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 4 theme Itraconazole 171:182 arg1 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 7 5 theme >300μm 1412:1417 arg1 particles 1359:1367 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 5 theme >300μm 1412:1417 arg1 particles 1387:1395 larger carrier particles 1372:1395 larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40) 1372:1432 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 3 6 theme spray-coated 715:726 arg1 nanosuspensions 728:742 spray-coated nanosuspensions 715:742 spray-coated nanosuspensions 715:742 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 1 7 theme model 185:189 arg1 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 7 theme model 185:189 arg1 drugs 212:216 model poorly water soluble drugs 185:216 model poorly water soluble drugs 185:216 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 7 8 theme median 1400:1405 arg1 >300μm 1412:1417 median size >300μm 1400:1417 median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40) 1400:1432 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 8 theme median 1400:1405 arg1 PrismaLac®40 1420:1431 PrismaLac®40 1420:1431 PrismaLac®40 1420:1431 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 5 9 dep loaded 983:988 arg1 drug 978:981 30% drug 974:981 30% drug 974:981 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 0 10 theme size 107:110 arg1 Impact 89:94 Impact 89:94 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 0:111 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 5 11 theme methyl 1066:1071 arg1 cellulose 1073:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 11 theme methyl 1066:1071 arg1 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 11 theme methyl 1066:1071 arg1 sulfate 1102:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 4 12 theme subsequent 923:932 arg1 coating 949:955 subsequent nanosuspension coating 923:955 subsequent nanosuspension coating 923:955 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 8 13 theme resulting 1439:1447 arg1 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 13 theme resulting 1439:1447 arg1 powders 1465:1471 The resulting finer composite powders 1435:1471 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 1435:1506 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 13 theme resulting 1439:1447 arg1 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 3 14 theme surface 569:575 arg1 area 577:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 9 15 theme higher 1691:1696 arg1 area 1715:1718 a much higher specific surface area 1684:1718 a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles 1684:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 8 16 theme composite 1455:1463 arg1 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 16 theme composite 1455:1463 arg1 powders 1465:1471 The resulting finer composite powders 1435:1471 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 1435:1506 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 16 theme composite 1455:1463 arg1 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 7 17 theme larger 1372:1377 arg1 particles 1387:1395 larger carrier particles 1372:1395 larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40) 1372:1432 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 3 18 theme increased 551:559 arg1 area 577:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 9 19 theme surface 1707:1713 arg1 area 1715:1718 a much higher specific surface area 1684:1718 a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles 1684:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 6 20 theme stable 1217:1222 arg1 nanosuspension 1224:1237 a stable nanosuspension 1215:1237 a stable nanosuspension 1215:1237 The stabilizer concentrations were varied to affect the milled particle size and prepare a stable nanosuspension. 27639622 4 21 with coating 851:857 arg1 nano-silica 864:874 nano-silica 864:874 nano-silica 864:874 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 0 22 theme fluidized 52:60 arg1 nanocomposites 73:86 fluidized bed coated nanocomposites 52:86 fluidized bed coated nanocomposites 52:86 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 1 23 theme nanocomposites 137:150 arg1 Formation 113:121 Formation 113:121 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions 113:306 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 9 24 theme carrier 1727:1733 arg1 area 1715:1718 a much higher specific surface area 1684:1718 a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles 1684:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 0 25 theme coated 66:71 arg1 nanocomposites 73:86 fluidized bed coated nanocomposites 52:86 fluidized bed coated nanocomposites 52:86 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 1 26 theme Fenofibrate 155:165 arg1 nanocomposites 137:150 core-shell nanocomposites 126:150 core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, 126:217 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 26 theme Fenofibrate 155:165 arg1 Itraconazole 171:182 Itraconazole 171:182 Itraconazole 171:182 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 26 theme Fenofibrate 155:165 arg1 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 9 27 theme corresponding 1739:1751 arg1 layer 1769:1773 corresponding thinner coating layer 1739:1773 corresponding thinner coating layer 1739:1773 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 5 28 theme dodecyl 1094:1100 arg1 cellulose 1073:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 28 theme dodecyl 1094:1100 arg1 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 28 theme dodecyl 1094:1100 arg1 sulfate 1102:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 9 29 theme coating 1761:1767 arg1 layer 1769:1773 corresponding thinner coating layer 1739:1773 corresponding thinner coating layer 1739:1773 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 4 30 theme Fine 765:768 arg1 particles 811:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 2 31 theme fine 383:386 arg1 particles 396:404 fine carrier particles 383:404 fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 383:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 31 theme fine 383:386 arg1 sub-50μm 407:414 sub-50μm 407:414 sub-50μm 407:414 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 5 32 theme 30 974:975 arg1 % 976:976 % 976:976 % 976:976 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 1 33 dep loaded 285:290 arg1 drug 280:283 their well-stabilized high drug 253:283 their well-stabilized high drug 253:283 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 0 34 theme Fast 0:3 arg1 dissolution 5:15 Fast dissolution 0:15 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 0:111 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 8 35 theme high 1533:1536 arg1 density 1543:1549 high bulk density 1533:1549 high bulk density 1533:1549 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 1 36 theme well-stabilized 259:273 arg1 drug 280:283 their well-stabilized high drug 253:283 their well-stabilized high drug 253:283 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 7 37 theme sub-50μm 1318:1325 arg1 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 37 theme sub-50μm 1318:1325 arg1 lactose 1327:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose 1276:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 2 38 theme carrier 453:459 arg1 >300μm 472:477 >300μm 472:477 >300μm 472:477 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 38 theme carrier 453:459 arg1 particles 461:469 the traditional large carrier particles 431:469 the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 431:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 39 used used 484:487 arg2 sub-50μm 407:414 sub-50μm 407:414 sub-50μm 407:414 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 39 used used 484:487 arg2 particles 396:404 fine carrier particles 383:404 fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 383:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 40 dep particles 396:404 arg1 opposed 420:426 opposed 420:426 opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 420:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 7 41 theme dry 1307:1309 arg1 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 41 theme dry 1307:1309 arg1 lactose 1327:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose 1276:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 2 42 theme traditional 435:445 arg1 >300μm 472:477 >300μm 472:477 >300μm 472:477 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 42 theme traditional 435:445 arg1 particles 461:469 the traditional large carrier particles 431:469 the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 431:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 3 43 theme thinner 604:610 arg1 shell 612:616 thinner shell 604:616 thinner shell 604:616 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 0 44 theme drugs 41:45 arg1 dissolution 5:15 Fast dissolution 0:15 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 0:111 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 1 45 theme nanosuspensions 292:306 arg1 coating 242:248 fluidized bed (FB) coating 223:248 fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions 223:306 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 5 46 theme wet-stirred 1020:1030 arg1 media 1032:1036 wet-stirred media 1020:1036 wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers 1020:1123 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 6 47 theme stabilizer 1130:1139 arg1 concentrations 1141:1154 The stabilizer concentrations 1126:1154 The stabilizer concentrations 1126:1154 The stabilizer concentrations were varied to affect the milled particle size and prepare a stable nanosuspension. 27639622 9 48 theme large 1817:1821 arg1 particles 1831:1839 large carrier particles 1817:1839 large carrier particles 1817:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 4 49 theme lactose 779:785 arg1 particles 811:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 7 50 theme nano-silica 1288:1298 arg1 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 50 theme nano-silica 1288:1298 arg1 lactose 1327:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose 1276:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 2 51 theme dissolution 353:363 arg1 enhancement 365:375 dissolution enhancement 353:375 dissolution enhancement 353:375 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 1 52 theme fluidized 223:231 arg1 coating 242:248 fluidized bed (FB) coating 223:248 fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions 223:306 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 9 53 dep carriers 1784:1791 arg1 opposed 1796:1802 opposed 1796:1802 opposed to those for large carrier particles 1796:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 4 54 theme dry 847:849 arg1 coating 851:857 dry coating 847:857 dry coating with nano-silica 847:874 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 3 55 theme drug 649:652 arg1 loading 654:660 the same drug loading 640:660 the same drug loading 640:660 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 6 56 theme particle 1189:1196 arg1 size 1198:1201 the milled particle size 1178:1201 the milled particle size 1178:1201 The stabilizer concentrations were varied to affect the milled particle size and prepare a stable nanosuspension. 27639622 8 57 theme water-soluble 1609:1621 arg1 drugs 1623:1627 the poorly water-soluble drugs 1598:1627 the poorly water-soluble drugs 1598:1627 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 3 58 theme dissolution 693:703 arg1 rate 705:708 the dissolution rate 689:708 the dissolution rate 689:708 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 9 59 dep carrier 1727:1733 arg1 the 1723:1725 the 1723:1725 the 1723:1725 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 8 60 theme finer 1449:1453 arg1 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 sub-100μm 1474:1482 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 60 theme finer 1449:1453 arg1 powders 1465:1471 The resulting finer composite powders 1435:1471 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 1435:1506 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 60 theme finer 1449:1453 arg1 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 7 61 theme size 1407:1410 arg1 >300μm 1412:1417 median size >300μm 1400:1417 median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40) 1400:1432 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 61 theme size 1407:1410 arg1 PrismaLac®40 1420:1431 PrismaLac®40 1420:1431 PrismaLac®40 1420:1431 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 62 theme M-5P 1301:1304 arg1 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 62 theme M-5P 1301:1304 arg1 lactose 1327:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose 1276:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 3 63 theme carrier 561:567 arg1 area 577:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 1 64 theme soluble 204:210 arg1 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 64 theme soluble 204:210 arg1 drugs 212:216 model poorly water soluble drugs 185:216 model poorly water soluble drugs 185:216 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 3 65 from loading 654:660 arg1 shell 612:616 thinner shell 604:616 thinner shell 604:616 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 3 65 from loading 654:660 arg1 area 577:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 greatly increased carrier surface area 543:580 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 5 66 theme sodium 1087:1092 arg1 cellulose 1073:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 66 theme sodium 1087:1092 arg1 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 66 theme sodium 1087:1092 arg1 sulfate 1102:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 9 67 theme specific 1698:1705 arg1 area 1715:1718 a much higher specific surface area 1684:1718 a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles 1684:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 7 68 theme carrier 1379:1385 arg1 particles 1387:1395 larger carrier particles 1372:1395 larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40) 1372:1432 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 4 69 theme decreased 886:894 arg1 cohesion 896:903 cohesion 896:903 cohesion 896:903 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 0 70 theme bed 62:64 arg1 nanocomposites 73:86 fluidized bed coated nanocomposites 52:86 fluidized bed coated nanocomposites 52:86 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 5 71 theme hydroxypropyl 1052:1064 arg1 cellulose 1073:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1052:1081 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 71 theme hydroxypropyl 1052:1064 arg1 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 stabilizers 1113:1123 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 5 71 theme hydroxypropyl 1052:1064 arg1 sulfate 1102:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 sodium dodecyl sulfate 1087:1108 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 1 72 theme core-shell 126:135 arg1 nanocomposites 137:150 core-shell nanocomposites 126:150 core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, 126:217 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 72 theme core-shell 126:135 arg1 Itraconazole 171:182 Itraconazole 171:182 Itraconazole 171:182 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 1 72 theme core-shell 126:135 arg1 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Fenofibrate 155:165 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 7 73 theme carrier 1351:1357 arg1 particles 1359:1367 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 9 74 theme thinner 1753:1759 arg1 layer 1769:1773 corresponding thinner coating layer 1739:1773 corresponding thinner coating layer 1739:1773 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 0 75 from nanocomposites 73:86 arg1 dissolution 5:15 Fast dissolution 0:15 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 0:111 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 4 76 theme nanosuspension 934:947 arg1 coating 949:955 subsequent nanosuspension coating 923:955 subsequent nanosuspension coating 923:955 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 8 77 from particular 1633:1642 arg1 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 flowing 1520:1526 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 8 77 from particular 1633:1642 arg1 powders 1465:1471 The resulting finer composite powders 1435:1471 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 1435:1506 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 0 78 theme carrier 99:105 arg1 size 107:110 carrier size 99:110 carrier size 99:110 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 9 79 theme layer 1769:1773 arg1 area 1715:1718 a much higher specific surface area 1684:1718 a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles 1684:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 7 80 theme lactose 1327:1333 arg1 particles 1359:1367 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 9 81 theme fine 1779:1782 arg1 carriers 1784:1791 fine carriers 1779:1791 fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles 1779:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 8 82 theme bulk 1538:1541 arg1 density 1543:1549 high bulk density 1533:1549 high bulk density 1533:1549 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 2 83 theme enhancement 365:375 arg1 extent 343:348 the extent 339:348 the extent of dissolution enhancement 339:375 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 0 84 dep dissolution 5:15 arg1 Impact 89:94 Impact 89:94 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 0:111 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 7 85 theme coated 1311:1316 arg1 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 85 theme coated 1311:1316 arg1 lactose 1327:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose 1276:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 0 86 theme soluble 33:39 arg1 drugs 41:45 poorly water soluble drugs 20:45 poorly water soluble drugs 20:45 Fast dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs from fluidized bed coated nanocomposites: Impact of carrier size. 27639622 1 87 theme high 275:278 arg1 drug 280:283 their well-stabilized high drug 253:283 their well-stabilized high drug 253:283 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 2 88 theme large 447:451 arg1 >300μm 472:477 >300μm 472:477 >300μm 472:477 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 88 theme large 447:451 arg1 particles 461:469 the traditional large carrier particles 431:469 the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 431:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 89 theme carrier 388:394 arg1 particles 396:404 fine carrier particles 383:404 fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) 383:478 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 2 89 theme carrier 388:394 arg1 sub-50μm 407:414 sub-50μm 407:414 sub-50μm 407:414 Specifically, the extent of dissolution enhancement, when fine carrier particles (sub-50μm) as opposed to the traditional large carrier particles (>300μm) are used, is examined. 27639622 8 90 from flowing 1520:1526 arg1 particular 1633:1642 particular 1633:1642 particular 1633:1642 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 1 91 theme loaded 285:290 arg1 nanosuspensions 292:306 their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions 253:306 their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions 253:306 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 27639622 4 92 theme carrier 803:809 arg1 particles 811:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 5 93 theme % 976:976 arg1 drug 978:981 30% drug 974:981 30% drug 974:981 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 7 94 theme hydrophilic 1276:1286 arg1 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 GranuLac® 1336:1344 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 7 94 theme hydrophilic 1276:1286 arg1 lactose 1327:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose 1276:1333 hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 1276:1367 The suspensions were FB coated onto hydrophilic nano-silica (M-5P) dry coated sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles or larger carrier particles of median size >300μm (PrismaLac®40). 27639622 9 95 theme carrier 1823:1829 arg1 particles 1831:1839 large carrier particles 1817:1839 large carrier particles 1817:1839 This is attributed to a much higher specific surface area of the carrier and corresponding thinner coating layer for fine carriers as opposed to those for large carrier particles. 27639622 8 96 theme immediate 1573:1581 arg1 dissolution 1583:1593 immediate dissolution 1573:1593 immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs 1573:1627 The resulting finer composite powders (sub-100μm) based on GranuLac® 200 were freely flowing, had high bulk density, and had much faster, immediate dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drugs, in particular for Itraconazole. 27639622 3 97 theme finer 622:626 arg1 carriers 628:635 finer carriers 622:635 finer carriers 622:635 This allows testing the hypothesis that greatly increased carrier surface area and more importantly, thinner shell for finer carriers at the same drug loading can significantly increase the dissolution rate when spray-coated nanosuspensions are well-stabilized. 27639622 4 98 theme sub-50μm 770:777 arg1 GranuLac® 788:796 GranuLac® 200 788:800 GranuLac® 200 788:800 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 4 98 theme sub-50μm 770:777 arg1 lactose 779:785 sub-50μm lactose 770:785 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles 765:819 Fine sub-50μm lactose (GranuLac® 200) carrier particles were made fluidizable via dry coating with nano-silica, enabling decreased cohesion, fluidization and subsequent nanosuspension coating. 27639622 5 99 theme loaded 983:988 arg1 suspensions 990:1000 30% drug loaded suspensions 974:1000 30% drug loaded suspensions 974:1000 For both drugs, 30% drug loaded suspensions were prepared via wet-stirred media milling using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers. 27639622 1 100 theme bed 233:235 arg1 coating 242:248 fluidized bed (FB) coating 223:248 fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions 223:306 Formation of core-shell nanocomposites of Fenofibrate and Itraconazole, model poorly water soluble drugs, via fluidized bed (FB) coating of their well-stabilized high drug loaded nanosuspensions is investigated. 29030037 1 0 from drugs 438:442 arg1 plasma 447:452 plasma 447:452 plasma 447:452 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 2 1 theme infrared 520:527 arg1 spectroscopy 529:540 infrared spectroscopy 520:540 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 520:548 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 1 theme infrared 520:527 arg1 FT-IR 543:547 FT-IR 543:547 FT-IR 543:547 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 7 2 theme drugs 1460:1464 arg1 analysis 1434:1441 analysis 1434:1441 analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 1434:1482 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 6 3 theme relative 1289:1296 arg1 deviations 1307:1316 relative standard deviations 1289:1316 relative standard deviations less than 5.5% 1289:1331 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 3 4 theme saturated 865:873 arg1 37.68emug-1 890:900 37.68emug-1 890:900 37.68emug-1 890:900 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 4 theme saturated 865:873 arg1 magnetization 875:887 good saturated magnetization 860:887 good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1) 860:901 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 1 5 theme porous 256:261 arg1 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 5 theme porous 256:261 arg1 polymers 300:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers 256:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 256:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 3 6 theme large 828:832 arg1 0.12cm3g-1 847:856 0.12cm3g-1 847:856 0.12cm3g-1 847:856 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 6 theme large 828:832 arg1 volume 839:844 large pore volume 828:844 large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1) 828:857 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 7 7 from analysis 1434:1441 arg1 samples 1476:1482 plasma samples 1469:1482 plasma samples 1469:1482 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 6 8 theme antiepileptic 1236:1248 arg1 drugs 1250:1254 three antiepileptic drugs 1230:1254 three antiepileptic drugs 1230:1254 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 7 9 theme antiepileptic 1446:1458 arg1 drugs 1460:1464 antiepileptic drugs 1446:1464 antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 1446:1482 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 7 10 from drugs 1460:1464 arg1 samples 1476:1482 plasma samples 1469:1482 plasma samples 1469:1482 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 1 11 theme magnetic 263:270 arg1 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 11 theme magnetic 263:270 arg1 polymers 300:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers 256:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 256:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 0 12 theme performance 107:117 arg1 chromatography 126:139 high performance liquid chromatography 102:139 high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 102:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 2 13 dep Fourier 502:508 arg1 transform 510:518 transform 510:518 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 510:733 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 1 14 theme graphene 272:279 arg1 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 14 theme graphene 272:279 arg1 polymers 300:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers 256:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 256:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 0 15 theme high 102:105 arg1 chromatography 126:139 high performance liquid chromatography 102:139 high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 102:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 5 16 theme 1-50μgmL-1 1084:1093 arg1 range 1075:1079 the range 1071:1079 the range of 1-50μgmL-1 1071:1093 The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1-50μgmL-1, and the limit of quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam was 11.89, 47.10 and 16.17ngmL-1, respectively. 29030037 7 17 from samples 1476:1482 arg1 analysis 1434:1441 analysis 1434:1441 analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 1434:1482 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 1 18 theme oxide-cyclodextrin 281:298 arg1 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 MGO-CD 310:315 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 18 theme oxide-cyclodextrin 281:298 arg1 polymers 300:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers 256:307 porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 256:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 19 from preconcentration 398:413 arg1 plasma 447:452 plasma 447:452 plasma 447:452 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 20 theme simultaneous 370:381 arg1 extraction 383:392 simultaneous extraction 370:392 simultaneous extraction 370:392 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 6 21 theme drugs 1250:1254 arg1 recoveries 1216:1225 The recoveries 1212:1225 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs 1212:1254 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 0 22 theme liquid 119:124 arg1 chromatography 126:139 high performance liquid chromatography 102:139 high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 102:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 2 23 theme Electron 644:651 arg1 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 23 theme Electron 644:651 arg1 Microscope 653:662 Scanning Electron Microscope 635:662 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 635:668 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 24 theme MGO-CD 478:483 arg1 characteristics 459:473 The characteristics 455:473 The characteristics of MGO-CD 455:483 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 4 25 theme Various 954:960 arg1 parameters 962:971 Various parameters 954:971 Various parameters influencing the extraction recovery of drugs 954:1016 Various parameters influencing the extraction recovery of drugs were studied. 29030037 0 26 theme phase 6:10 arg1 extraction 12:21 Solid phase extraction 0:21 Solid phase extraction 0:21 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 6 27 with % 1282:1282 arg1 deviations 1307:1316 relative standard deviations 1289:1316 relative standard deviations less than 5.5% 1289:1331 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 2 28 theme Scanning 635:642 arg1 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 28 theme Scanning 635:642 arg1 Microscope 653:662 Scanning Electron Microscope 635:662 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 635:668 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 29 theme Transmission 595:606 arg1 TEM 629:631 TEM 629:631 TEM 629:631 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 29 theme Transmission 595:606 arg1 Microscope 617:626 Transmission Electron Microscope 595:626 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 595:632 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 0 30 theme Solid 0:4 arg1 extraction 12:21 Solid phase extraction 0:21 Solid phase extraction 0:21 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 3 31 theme cyclodextrin 745:756 arg1 material 768:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material 736:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material 736:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 4 32 theme drugs 1012:1016 arg1 recovery 1000:1007 the extraction recovery 985:1007 the extraction recovery of drugs 985:1016 Various parameters influencing the extraction recovery of drugs were studied. 29030037 3 33 from volume 839:844 arg1 solution 944:951 aqueous solution 936:951 aqueous solution 936:951 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 34 theme high 789:792 arg1 area 811:814 a high specific surface area 787:814 a high specific surface area (187m2g-1) 787:825 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 34 theme high 789:792 arg1 187m2g-1 817:824 187m2g-1 817:824 187m2g-1 817:824 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 35 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 material 768:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material 736:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material 736:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 2 36 theme X-ray 671:675 arg1 diffraction 677:687 X-ray diffraction 671:687 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 671:693 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 36 theme X-ray 671:675 arg1 XRD 690:692 XRD 690:692 XRD 690:692 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 6 37 dep 100.93 1276:1281 arg1 to 1273:1274 to 1273:1274 to 1273:1274 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 2 38 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 551:572 arg1 BET 589:591 BET 589:591 BET 589:591 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 38 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 551:572 arg1 areas 582:586 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas 551:586 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET) 551:592 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 6 39 from % 1282:1282 arg1 range 1256:1260 range 1256:1260 range 1256:1260 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 6 40 theme less 1318:1321 arg1 deviations 1307:1316 relative standard deviations 1289:1316 relative standard deviations less than 5.5% 1289:1331 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 7 41 theme proposed 1381:1388 arg1 approach 1390:1397 the proposed approach 1377:1397 the proposed approach based on MGO-CD 1377:1413 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 7 41 theme proposed 1381:1388 arg1 applicable 1419:1428 applicable 1419:1428 applicable 1419:1428 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 3 42 theme excellent 908:916 arg1 dispersibility 918:931 excellent dispersibility 908:931 excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution 908:951 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 0 43 theme porous 32:37 arg1 composite 79:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite 32:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 32:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 3 44 theme Magnetic 736:743 arg1 material 768:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material 736:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material 736:775 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 0 45 theme antiepileptic 162:174 arg1 drugs 176:180 antiepileptic drugs 162:180 antiepileptic drugs 162:180 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 1 46 theme novel 218:222 arg1 extraction 236:245 a novel solid phase extraction 216:245 a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 216:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 4 47 theme extraction 989:998 arg1 recovery 1000:1007 the extraction recovery 985:1007 the extraction recovery of drugs 985:1016 Various parameters influencing the extraction recovery of drugs were studied. 29030037 1 48 dep extraction 383:392 arg1 the 366:368 the 366:368 the 366:368 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 2 49 theme surface 574:580 arg1 BET 589:591 BET 589:591 BET 589:591 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 49 theme surface 574:580 arg1 areas 582:586 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas 551:586 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET) 551:592 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 1 50 theme trace 418:422 arg1 drugs 438:442 trace antiepileptic drugs 418:442 trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma 418:452 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 3 51 theme specific 794:801 arg1 area 811:814 a high specific surface area 787:814 a high specific surface area (187m2g-1) 787:825 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 51 theme specific 794:801 arg1 187m2g-1 817:824 187m2g-1 817:824 187m2g-1 817:824 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 2 52 theme sample 709:714 arg1 VSM 730:732 VSM 730:732 VSM 730:732 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 52 theme sample 709:714 arg1 magnetometer 716:727 vibrating sample magnetometer 699:727 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 699:733 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 1 53 theme solid 224:228 arg1 extraction 236:245 a novel solid phase extraction 216:245 a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 216:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 0 54 theme graphene 48:55 arg1 composite 79:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite 32:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 32:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 1 55 used used 357:360 arg2 extraction 236:245 a novel solid phase extraction 216:245 a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 216:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 2 56 theme Electron 608:615 arg1 TEM 629:631 TEM 629:631 TEM 629:631 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 56 theme Electron 608:615 arg1 Microscope 617:626 Transmission Electron Microscope 595:626 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 595:632 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 1 57 theme antiepileptic 424:436 arg1 drugs 438:442 trace antiepileptic drugs 418:442 trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma 418:452 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 7 58 theme analytical 1340:1349 arg1 results 1351:1357 These analytical results 1334:1357 These analytical results 1334:1357 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 2 59 theme vibrating 699:707 arg1 VSM 730:732 VSM 730:732 VSM 730:732 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 2 59 theme vibrating 699:707 arg1 magnetometer 716:727 vibrating sample magnetometer 699:727 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 699:733 The characteristics of MGO-CD were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 29030037 5 60 theme quantitation 1113:1124 arg1 11.89 1168:1172 11.89 1168:1172 11.89 1168:1172 The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1-50μgmL-1, and the limit of quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam was 11.89, 47.10 and 16.17ngmL-1, respectively. 29030037 5 60 theme quantitation 1113:1124 arg1 limit 1104:1108 the limit 1100:1108 the limit of quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam 1100:1162 The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1-50μgmL-1, and the limit of quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam was 11.89, 47.10 and 16.17ngmL-1, respectively. 29030037 0 61 theme magnetic 39:46 arg1 composite 79:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite 32:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 32:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 0 62 theme drugs 176:180 arg1 determination 145:157 determination 145:157 determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 145:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 1 63 theme drugs 438:442 arg1 preconcentration 398:413 preconcentration 398:413 preconcentration 398:413 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 63 theme drugs 438:442 arg1 extraction 383:392 simultaneous extraction 370:392 simultaneous extraction 370:392 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 3 64 from dispersibility 918:931 arg1 solution 944:951 aqueous solution 936:951 aqueous solution 936:951 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 5 65 theme carbamazepine 1129:1141 arg1 quantitation 1113:1124 quantitation 1113:1124 quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam 1113:1162 The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1-50μgmL-1, and the limit of quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam was 11.89, 47.10 and 16.17ngmL-1, respectively. 29030037 1 66 theme aromatic 337:344 arg1 linker 346:351 aromatic linker 337:351 aromatic linker 337:351 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 3 67 from area 811:814 arg1 solution 944:951 aqueous solution 936:951 aqueous solution 936:951 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 68 from magnetization 875:887 arg1 solution 944:951 aqueous solution 936:951 aqueous solution 936:951 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 69 theme aqueous 936:942 arg1 solution 944:951 aqueous solution 936:951 aqueous solution 936:951 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 6 70 theme standard 1298:1305 arg1 deviations 1307:1316 relative standard deviations 1289:1316 relative standard deviations less than 5.5% 1289:1331 The recoveries of three antiepileptic drugs range from 78.49 to 100.93% with relative standard deviations less than 5.5%. 29030037 1 71 theme phase 230:234 arg1 extraction 236:245 a novel solid phase extraction 216:245 a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) 216:316 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 0 72 theme plasma 185:190 arg1 samples 192:198 plasma samples 185:198 plasma samples 185:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 5 73 theme good 1053:1056 arg1 linearity 1058:1066 good linearity 1053:1066 good linearity 1053:1066 The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1-50μgmL-1, and the limit of quantitation of carbamazepine, phenytoin, diazepam was 11.89, 47.10 and 16.17ngmL-1, respectively. 29030037 3 74 theme pore 834:837 arg1 0.12cm3g-1 847:856 0.12cm3g-1 847:856 0.12cm3g-1 847:856 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 74 theme pore 834:837 arg1 volume 839:844 large pore volume 828:844 large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1) 828:857 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 1 75 from plasma 447:452 arg1 preconcentration 398:413 preconcentration 398:413 preconcentration 398:413 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 1 75 from plasma 447:452 arg1 extraction 383:392 simultaneous extraction 370:392 simultaneous extraction 370:392 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 0 76 from determination 145:157 arg1 samples 192:198 plasma samples 185:198 plasma samples 185:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 0 77 theme oxide/β-cyclodextrine 57:77 arg1 composite 79:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite 32:87 porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples 32:198 Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 7 78 theme plasma 1469:1474 arg1 samples 1476:1482 plasma samples 1469:1482 plasma samples 1469:1482 These analytical results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on MGO-CD was applicable for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. 29030037 1 79 from extraction 383:392 arg1 plasma 447:452 plasma 447:452 plasma 447:452 In this study, a novel solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide-cyclodextrin polymers (MGO-CD) was developed with aromatic linker and used for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of trace antiepileptic drugs in plasma. 29030037 3 80 theme good 860:863 arg1 37.68emug-1 890:900 37.68emug-1 890:900 37.68emug-1 890:900 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 80 theme good 860:863 arg1 magnetization 875:887 good saturated magnetization 860:887 good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1) 860:901 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 81 theme surface 803:809 arg1 area 811:814 a high specific surface area 787:814 a high specific surface area (187m2g-1) 787:825 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 29030037 3 81 theme surface 803:809 arg1 187m2g-1 817:824 187m2g-1 817:824 187m2g-1 817:824 Magnetic cyclodextrin polymeric material exhibited a high specific surface area (187m2g-1), large pore volume (0.12cm3g-1), good saturated magnetization (37.68emug-1), and excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution. 24713320 8 0 theme teichoic 1669:1676 arg1 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 0 theme teichoic 1669:1676 arg1 acids 1678:1682 The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids 1634:1682 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 6 1 theme normal 1297:1302 arg1 S. aureus 1304:1312 normal S. aureus 1297:1312 normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 1297:1332 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 7 2 theme gene 1501:1504 arg1 clusters 1506:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 4 3 theme short 928:932 arg1 TagF 954:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 9 4 theme coagulase-negative 1983:2000 arg1 CoNS 2017:2020 CoNS 2017:2020 CoNS 2017:2020 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 9 4 theme coagulase-negative 1983:2000 arg1 staphylococci 2002:2014 coagulase-negative staphylococci 1983:2014 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 1983:2021 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 6 5 theme genes 1282:1286 arg1 expression 1245:1254 ectopic expression 1237:1254 ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1237:1286 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 8 6 theme Gram-positive 1744:1756 arg1 bacteria 1758:1765 most Gram-positive bacteria 1739:1765 most Gram-positive bacteria 1739:1765 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 7 7 theme WTA 1444:1446 arg1 genes 1448:1452 WTA genes 1444:1452 WTA genes 1444:1452 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 4 8 theme novel 708:712 arg1 genes 731:735 three novel WTA biosynthetic genes 702:735 three novel WTA biosynthetic genes 702:735 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 4 8 theme novel 708:712 arg1 those 748:752 those 748:752 those 748:752 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 6 9 theme WTA 1265:1267 arg1 genes 1282:1286 ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1259:1286 ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1259:1286 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 1 10 theme cell 173:176 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 10 theme cell 173:176 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 7 11 from combination 1464:1474 arg1 clusters 1506:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 11 12 theme WTA 2347:2349 arg1 types 2351:2355 highly variable WTA types 2331:2355 highly variable WTA types 2331:2355 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 4 13 theme biosynthetic 718:729 arg1 genes 731:735 three novel WTA biosynthetic genes 702:735 three novel WTA biosynthetic genes 702:735 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 4 13 theme biosynthetic 718:729 arg1 those 748:752 those 748:752 those 748:752 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 10 14 theme WTA 2052:2054 arg1 pathway 2069:2075 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 2042:2075 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 2042:2075 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 2 15 theme isolated 332:339 arg1 lineage 357:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage 311:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage 311:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 1 16 theme anionic 192:198 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 16 theme anionic 192:198 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 6 17 theme SaPI 1360:1363 arg1 transfer 1365:1372 Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer 1346:1372 Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus 1346:1404 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 8 18 dep IMPORTANCE 1623:1632 arg1 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 18 dep IMPORTANCE 1623:1632 arg1 acids 1678:1682 The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids 1634:1682 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 3 19 theme coagulase-negative 597:614 arg1 CoNS 631:634 CoNS 631:634 CoNS 631:634 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 3 19 theme coagulase-negative 597:614 arg1 staphylococci 616:628 coagulase-negative staphylococci 597:628 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 597:635 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 10 20 theme WTA 2200:2202 arg1 genes 2204:2208 the ST395 WTA genes 2190:2208 the ST395 WTA genes 2190:2208 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 4 21 theme WTA 939:941 arg1 TagF 954:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 4 22 theme transferase 777:787 arg1 TagN 789:792 an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN 763:792 an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN 763:792 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 10 23 theme WTA 2100:2102 arg1 genes 2117:2121 WTA biosynthesis genes 2100:2121 WTA biosynthesis genes 2100:2121 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 6 24 theme susceptible 1314:1324 arg1 S. aureus 1304:1312 normal S. aureus 1297:1312 normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 1297:1332 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 7 25 from exchange 1432:1439 arg1 clusters 1506:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 9 26 theme dominant 1786:1793 arg1 lineages 1817:1824 the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages 1782:1824 the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages 1782:1824 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 0 27 theme Staphylococcus 49:62 arg1 lineage 71:77 Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 49:83 Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 49:83 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 1 28 theme pathogen 134:141 arg1 lineages 112:119 The major clonal lineages 95:119 The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 95:163 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 0 29 theme lineage 71:77 arg1 acid 41:44 the unique wall teichoic acid 16:44 the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 16:83 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 5 30 theme crucial 1143:1149 arg1 role 1151:1154 a crucial role 1141:1154 a crucial role 1141:1154 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 7 31 theme gene 1601:1604 arg1 events 1615:1620 horizontal gene transfer events 1590:1620 horizontal gene transfer events 1590:1620 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 9 32 theme poly-ribitol-phosphate 1834:1855 arg1 WTA 1857:1859 poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA 1834:1859 poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA 1834:1859 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 4 33 theme epimerase 814:822 arg1 TagV 824:827 a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV 795:827 a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 795:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 10 34 theme genes 2117:2121 arg1 types 2091:2095 new types 2087:2095 new types of WTA biosynthesis genes 2087:2121 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 6 35 from ST395 1379:1383 arg1 transfer 1365:1372 Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer 1346:1372 Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus 1346:1404 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 11 36 theme Gram-positive 2300:2312 arg1 bacteria 2314:2321 Gram-positive bacteria 2300:2321 Gram-positive bacteria 2300:2321 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 3 37 contain bear 510:513 arg3 element 566:572 a novel genetic element 550:572 a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 550:635 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 3 37 contain bear 510:513 arg2 genes 541:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 3 37 contain bear 510:513 arg1 clones 503:508 ST395 clones 497:508 ST395 clones 497:508 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 2 38 theme unique 402:407 arg1 WTA 440:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA 400:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) 400:494 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 9 39 theme ST395 1885:1889 arg1 lineage 1891:1897 the recently described ST395 lineage 1862:1897 the recently described ST395 lineage 1862:1897 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 4 40 theme nucleotide 797:806 arg1 TagV 824:827 a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV 795:827 a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 795:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 3 41 theme ST395 497:501 arg1 clones 503:508 ST395 clones 497:508 ST395 clones 497:508 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 5 42 theme pathogenicity 1197:1209 arg1 SaPIs 1220:1224 SaPIs 1220:1224 SaPIs 1220:1224 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 5 42 theme pathogenicity 1197:1209 arg1 islands 1211:1217 S. aureus pathogenicity islands 1187:1217 S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) 1187:1225 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 1 43 theme major 99:103 arg1 lineages 112:119 The major clonal lineages 95:119 The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 95:163 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 11 44 theme biosynthesis 2259:2270 arg1 elucidation 2234:2244 The elucidation 2230:2244 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis 2230:2270 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 4 45 theme activated 869:877 arg1 substrate 891:899 the activated sugar donor substrate 865:899 the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 865:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 0 46 theme wall 27:30 arg1 acid 41:44 the unique wall teichoic acid 16:44 the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 16:83 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 7 47 theme staphylococci 1544:1556 arg1 evolution 1531:1539 the evolution 1527:1539 the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities 1527:1577 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 9 48 theme distinct 1910:1917 arg1 type 1947:1950 a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type 1908:1950 a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 1908:2021 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 4 49 theme donor 885:889 arg1 substrate 891:899 the activated sugar donor substrate 865:899 the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 865:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 3 50 theme WTA 524:526 arg1 genes 541:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 0 51 theme acid 41:44 arg1 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 0:84 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 5 52 theme gene 1170:1173 arg1 transfer 1175:1182 horizontal gene transfer 1159:1182 horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) 1159:1225 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 9 53 theme WTA 1943:1945 arg1 type 1947:1950 a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type 1908:1950 a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 1908:2021 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 1 54 theme wall 230:233 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 54 theme wall 230:233 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 10 55 theme evolutionary 2137:2148 arg1 link 2150:2153 an evolutionary link 2134:2153 an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate 2134:2227 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 11 56 theme functional 2371:2380 arg1 consequences 2382:2393 functional consequences 2371:2393 functional consequences of WTA variation 2371:2410 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 11 57 theme ST395 2249:2253 arg1 biosynthesis 2259:2270 ST395 WTA biosynthesis 2249:2270 ST395 WTA biosynthesis 2249:2270 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 9 58 theme WTA 1967:1969 arg1 backbone 1971:1978 the WTA backbone 1963:1978 the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 1963:2021 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 4 59 theme ST395 656:660 arg1 pathway 679:685 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 652:685 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 652:685 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 8 60 theme wall-anchored 1699:1711 arg1 glycopolymers 1713:1725 cell wall-anchored glycopolymers 1694:1725 cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria 1694:1765 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 60 theme wall-anchored 1699:1711 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1623:1632 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 61 theme wall 1664:1667 arg1 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 61 theme wall 1664:1667 arg1 acids 1678:1682 The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids 1634:1682 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 7 62 theme variable 1479:1486 arg1 clusters 1506:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1479:1513 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 9 63 theme staphylococci 2002:2014 arg1 backbone 1971:1978 the WTA backbone 1963:1978 the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 1963:2021 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 6 64 theme biosynthesis 1269:1280 arg1 genes 1282:1286 ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1259:1286 ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1259:1286 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 3 65 theme genetic 558:564 arg1 element 566:572 a novel genetic element 550:572 a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 550:635 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 8 66 theme most 1739:1742 arg1 bacteria 1758:1765 most Gram-positive bacteria 1739:1765 most Gram-positive bacteria 1739:1765 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 11 67 theme WTA 2255:2257 arg1 biosynthesis 2259:2270 ST395 WTA biosynthesis 2249:2270 ST395 WTA biosynthesis 2249:2270 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 4 68 theme substrate 891:899 arg1 generation 851:860 generation 851:860 generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 851:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 7 69 theme genes 1448:1452 arg1 exchange 1432:1439 exchange 1432:1439 exchange of WTA genes 1432:1452 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 7 69 theme genes 1448:1452 arg1 combination 1464:1474 their combination 1458:1474 their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters 1458:1513 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 11 70 theme variable 2338:2345 arg1 types 2351:2355 highly variable WTA types 2331:2355 highly variable WTA types 2331:2355 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 7 71 dep variable 1479:1486 arg1 mosaic-like 1489:1499 mosaic-like 1489:1499 mosaic-like 1489:1499 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 6 72 theme ST395 1259:1263 arg1 genes 1282:1286 ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1259:1286 ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1259:1286 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 2 73 theme S. aureus 341:349 arg1 lineage 357:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage 311:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage 311:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 1 74 theme wall-anchored 178:190 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 74 theme wall-anchored 178:190 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 4 75 theme WTA 714:716 arg1 genes 731:735 three novel WTA biosynthetic genes 702:735 three novel WTA biosynthetic genes 702:735 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 4 75 theme WTA 714:716 arg1 those 748:752 those 748:752 those 748:752 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 10 76 theme ST395 2046:2050 arg1 pathway 2069:2075 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 2042:2075 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 2042:2075 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 1 77 theme poly-ribitol-phosphate 200:221 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 77 theme poly-ribitol-phosphate 200:221 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 4 78 theme biosynthesis 666:677 arg1 pathway 679:685 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 652:685 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 652:685 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 6 79 theme Φ187-mediated 1346:1358 arg1 transfer 1365:1372 Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer 1346:1372 Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus 1346:1404 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 1 80 theme RboP 224:227 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 80 theme RboP 224:227 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 6 81 theme ectopic 1237:1243 arg1 expression 1245:1254 ectopic expression 1237:1254 ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes 1237:1286 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 5 82 theme ST395-specific 1095:1108 arg1 Φ187 1124:1127 the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 1091:1127 the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 1091:1127 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 1 83 theme clonal 105:110 arg1 lineages 112:119 The major clonal lineages 95:119 The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 95:163 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 5 84 attach derived 988:994 arg1 ST395 1001:1005 ST395 1001:1005 ST395 1001:1005 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 5 84 attach derived 988:994 arg2 mutants 980:986 mutants 980:986 mutants derived from ST395 980:1005 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 4 85 theme GroP 934:937 arg1 TagF 954:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 10 86 theme biosynthesis 2056:2067 arg1 pathway 2069:2075 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 2042:2075 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 2042:2075 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 4 87 theme polymerase 943:952 arg1 TagF 954:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF 915:957 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 4 88 theme α-O-GalNAc 766:775 arg1 TagN 789:792 an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN 763:792 an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN 763:792 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 0 89 theme aureus 64:69 arg1 lineage 71:77 Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 49:83 Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 49:83 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 1 90 theme human 128:132 arg1 pathogen 134:141 the human pathogen 124:141 the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 124:163 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 7 91 theme transfer 1606:1613 arg1 events 1615:1620 horizontal gene transfer events 1590:1620 horizontal gene transfer events 1590:1620 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 9 92 theme Staphylococcus aureus 1795:1815 arg1 lineages 1817:1824 the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages 1782:1824 the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages 1782:1824 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 10 93 theme new 2087:2089 arg1 types 2091:2095 new types 2087:2095 new types of WTA biosynthesis genes 2087:2121 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 5 94 theme bacteriophage 1110:1122 arg1 Φ187 1124:1127 the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 1091:1127 the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 1091:1127 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 7 95 theme horizontal 1590:1599 arg1 events 1615:1620 horizontal gene transfer events 1590:1620 horizontal gene transfer events 1590:1620 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 2 96 gly glycosylated 444:455 arg1 WTA 440:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA 400:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) 400:494 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 1 97 dep ABSTRACT 86:93 arg1 produce 165:171 produce 165:171 produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 165:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 6 98 theme regular 1388:1394 arg1 S. aureus 1396:1404 regular S. aureus 1388:1404 regular S. aureus 1388:1404 Notably, ectopic expression of ST395 WTA biosynthesis genes rendered normal S. aureus susceptible to Φ187 and enabled Φ187-mediated SaPI transfer from ST395 to regular S. aureus. 24713320 4 99 theme sugar 808:812 arg1 TagV 824:827 a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV 795:827 a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 795:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 2 100 theme ST395 351:355 arg1 lineage 357:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage 311:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage 311:363 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 11 101 theme WTA 2398:2400 arg1 variation 2402:2410 WTA variation 2398:2410 WTA variation 2398:2410 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 10 102 theme biosynthesis 2104:2115 arg1 genes 2117:2121 WTA biosynthesis genes 2100:2121 WTA biosynthesis genes 2100:2121 Here, we analyzed the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and found new types of WTA biosynthesis genes along with an evolutionary link between ST395 and CoNS, from which the ST395 WTA genes probably originate. 24713320 2 103 theme poly-glycerol-phosphate 409:431 arg1 WTA 440:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA 400:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) 400:494 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 9 104 theme described 1875:1883 arg1 lineage 1891:1897 the recently described ST395 lineage 1862:1897 the recently described ST395 lineage 1862:1897 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 0 105 theme unique 20:25 arg1 acid 41:44 the unique wall teichoic acid 16:44 the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 16:83 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 5 106 theme S. aureus 1187:1195 arg1 SaPIs 1220:1224 SaPIs 1220:1224 SaPIs 1220:1224 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 5 106 theme S. aureus 1187:1195 arg1 islands 1211:1217 S. aureus pathogenicity islands 1187:1217 S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) 1187:1225 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 5 107 theme mutants 980:986 arg1 panel 971:975 a panel 969:975 a panel of mutants derived from ST395 969:1005 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 1 108 dep pathogen 134:141 arg1 aureus 158:163 Staphylococcus aureus 143:163 the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 124:163 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 0 109 theme teichoic 32:39 arg1 acid 41:44 the unique wall teichoic acid 16:44 the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395 16:83 Biosynthesis of the unique wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST395. 24713320 5 110 theme islands 1211:1217 arg1 transfer 1175:1182 horizontal gene transfer 1159:1182 horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) 1159:1225 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 7 111 theme capacities 1568:1577 arg1 evolution 1531:1539 the evolution 1527:1539 the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities 1527:1577 We provide evidence that exchange of WTA genes and their combination in variable, mosaic-like gene clusters have shaped the evolution of staphylococci and their capacities to undergo horizontal gene transfer events. 24713320 5 112 theme GroP 1039:1042 arg1 WTA 1044:1046 GroP WTA 1039:1046 GroP WTA 1039:1046 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 8 113 theme diverse 1656:1662 arg1 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 113 theme diverse 1656:1662 arg1 acids 1678:1682 The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids 1634:1682 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 2 114 theme GroP 434:437 arg1 WTA 440:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA 400:442 a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) 400:494 The phylogenetically isolated S. aureus ST395 lineage has recently been found to produce a unique poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosylated with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). 24713320 5 115 theme horizontal 1159:1168 arg1 transfer 1175:1182 horizontal gene transfer 1159:1182 horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) 1159:1225 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 9 116 theme poly-glycerol-phosphate 1919:1941 arg1 type 1947:1950 a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type 1908:1950 a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 1908:2021 While most of the dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate WTA, the recently described ST395 lineage produces a distinct poly-glycerol-phosphate WTA type resembling the WTA backbone of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 4 117 theme sugar 879:883 arg1 substrate 891:899 the activated sugar donor substrate 865:899 the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN 865:908 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 3 118 theme biosynthesis 528:539 arg1 genes 541:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 5 119 theme GalNAc 1012:1017 arg1 residues 1019:1026 the GalNAc residues 1008:1026 the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA 1008:1046 By using a panel of mutants derived from ST395, the GalNAc residues carried by GroP WTA were found to be required for infection by the ST395-specific bacteriophage Φ187 and to play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). 24713320 8 120 theme structural 1638:1647 arg1 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 WTA 1685:1687 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 120 theme structural 1638:1647 arg1 acids 1678:1682 The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids 1634:1682 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 3 121 theme putative 515:522 arg1 genes 541:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 putative WTA biosynthesis genes 515:545 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 24713320 8 122 theme cell 1694:1697 arg1 glycopolymers 1713:1725 cell wall-anchored glycopolymers 1694:1725 cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria 1694:1765 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 8 122 theme cell 1694:1697 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1623:1632 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) 1623:1688 IMPORTANCE The structural highly diverse wall teichoic acids (WTA) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers produced by most Gram-positive bacteria. 24713320 1 123 theme teichoic 235:242 arg1 acids 244:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids 173:248 cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 173:308 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 1 123 theme teichoic 235:242 arg1 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 WTA 251:253 ABSTRACT The major clonal lineages of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produce cell wall-anchored anionic poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) wall teichoic acids (WTA) substituted with d-Alanine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. 24713320 11 124 theme variation 2402:2410 arg1 consequences 2382:2393 functional consequences 2371:2393 functional consequences of WTA variation 2371:2410 The elucidation of ST395 WTA biosynthesis will help to understand how Gram-positive bacteria produce highly variable WTA types and elucidate functional consequences of WTA variation. 24713320 4 125 theme WTA 662:664 arg1 pathway 679:685 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 652:685 the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway 652:685 We elucidated the ST395 WTA biosynthesis pathway and identified three novel WTA biosynthetic genes, including those encoding an α-O-GalNAc transferase TagN, a nucleotide sugar epimerase TagV probably required for generation of the activated sugar donor substrate for TagN, and an unusually short GroP WTA polymerase TagF. 24713320 3 126 theme novel 552:556 arg1 element 566:572 a novel genetic element 550:572 a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 550:635 ST395 clones bear putative WTA biosynthesis genes on a novel genetic element probably acquired from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 29087620 0 0 theme grasses 58:64 arg1 tolerance 45:53 the inherent tolerance 32:53 the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 32:113 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 3 1 theme Brachypodium 640:651 arg1 L 665:665 L. 665:666 L. 665:666 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 3 1 theme Brachypodium 640:651 arg1 distachyon 653:662 the grass Brachypodium distachyon 630:662 the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) 630:667 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 4 2 theme Arabidopsis 801:811 arg1 L 823:823 L. 823:824 L. 823:824 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 4 2 theme Arabidopsis 801:811 arg1 thaliana 813:820 the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana 791:820 the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 791:825 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 6 3 theme cell 934:937 arg1 components 944:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 4 theme grass-specific 904:917 arg1 components 944:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 8 5 theme cell 1434:1437 arg1 walls 1439:1443 grass cell walls 1428:1443 grass cell walls 1428:1443 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 4 6 theme dicot 795:799 arg1 L 823:823 L. 823:824 L. 823:824 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 4 6 theme dicot 795:799 arg1 thaliana 813:820 the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana 791:820 the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 791:825 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 6 7 theme non-cellulosic 919:932 arg1 components 944:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 2 8 theme in 488:489 arg1 target 496:501 their in vivo target 482:501 their in vivo target 482:501 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 7 9 located found 1186:1190 arg1 F6 1245:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 1221:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) 1221:1254 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 9 located found 1186:1190 arg2 insertion 1172:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 9 located found 1186:1190 arg1 gene 1215:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 6 10 theme cell 1113:1116 arg1 elongation 1118:1127 cell elongation 1113:1127 cell elongation 1113:1127 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 1 11 theme swollen 261:267 arg1 phenotype 288:296 a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 250:296 a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 250:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 7 12 theme partial-transcriptional 1132:1154 arg1 insertion 1172:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 6 13 dep components 944:953 arg1 glucans 1014:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans 969:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG) 969:1026 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 13 dep components 944:953 arg1 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 7 14 theme wild-type 1330:1338 arg1 plants 1340:1345 wild-type plants 1330:1345 wild-type plants 1330:1345 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 3 15 dep RESULTS 504:510 arg1 show 523:526 show 523:526 show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) 523:667 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 0 16 theme biosynthesis 83:94 arg1 isoxaben 106:113 the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 69:113 the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 69:113 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 8 17 theme walls 1439:1443 arg1 composition 1387:1397 composition 1387:1397 composition 1387:1397 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 8 17 theme walls 1439:1443 arg1 response 1416:1423 compensatory response 1403:1423 compensatory response 1403:1423 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 8 17 theme walls 1439:1443 arg1 factor 1454:1459 a factor 1452:1459 a factor 1452:1459 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 6 18 theme polysaccharide 987:1000 arg1 glucans 1014:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans 969:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG) 969:1026 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 18 theme polysaccharide 987:1000 arg1 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 4 19 theme synonymous 710:719 arg1 mutations 727:735 synonymous point mutations 710:735 synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 710:825 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 0 20 theme cellulose 73:81 arg1 isoxaben 106:113 the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 69:113 the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 69:113 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 4 21 from resistance 777:786 arg1 L 823:823 L. 823:824 L. 823:824 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 4 21 from resistance 777:786 arg1 thaliana 813:820 the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana 791:820 the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 791:825 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 4 22 theme isoxaben 768:775 arg1 resistance 777:786 isoxaben resistance 768:786 isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 768:825 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 0 23 theme cell 6:9 arg1 walls 11:15 Grass cell walls 0:15 Grass cell walls 0:15 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 7 24 theme T-DNA 1166:1170 arg1 insertion 1172:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 25 theme Cellulose 1221:1229 arg1 F6 1245:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 1221:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) 1221:1254 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 25 theme Cellulose 1221:1229 arg1 gene 1215:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 25 theme Cellulose 1221:1229 arg1 CslF6 1249:1253 CslF6 1249:1253 CslF6 1249:1253 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 0 26 contain have 17:20 arg1 walls 11:15 Grass cell walls 0:15 Grass cell walls 0:15 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 0 26 contain have 17:20 arg2 role 24:27 a role 22:27 a role 22:27 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 7 27 theme synthesis 1205:1213 arg1 F6 1245:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 1221:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) 1221:1254 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 27 theme synthesis 1205:1213 arg1 gene 1215:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 2 28 theme missense 362:369 arg1 mutations 371:379 missense mutations 362:379 missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis 362:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 0 29 theme Grass 0:4 arg1 walls 11:15 Grass cell walls 0:15 Grass cell walls 0:15 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 1 30 theme stunted 273:279 arg1 phenotype 288:296 a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 250:296 a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 250:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 3 31 theme tolerance 605:613 arg1 mechanism 592:600 the mechanism 588:600 the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben 588:625 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 2 32 theme group 313:317 arg1 CBIs 322:325 group 21 CBIs 313:325 group 21 CBIs 313:325 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 2 32 theme group 313:317 arg1 isoxaben 336:343 isoxaben 336:343 isoxaben 336:343 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 1 33 theme pre-emergence 172:184 arg1 inhibitors 150:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors 116:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) 116:166 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 33 theme pre-emergence 172:184 arg1 herbicides 186:195 pre-emergence herbicides 172:195 pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 172:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 34 theme growth 281:286 arg1 phenotype 288:296 a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 250:296 a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 250:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 7 35 theme sensitive 1303:1311 arg1 times 1292:1296 2.1 times 1288:1296 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants 1288:1345 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 6 36 theme mix 1002:1004 arg1 glucans 1014:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans 969:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG) 969:1026 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 36 theme mix 1002:1004 arg1 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 37 theme potential 1034:1042 arg1 mechanism 1054:1062 a potential tolerance mechanism 1032:1062 a potential tolerance mechanism 1032:1062 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 8 38 dep composition 1387:1397 arg1 the 1383:1385 the 1383:1385 the 1383:1385 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 0 39 theme inhibitor 96:104 arg1 isoxaben 106:113 the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 69:113 the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 69:113 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 4 40 theme Comparative 670:680 arg1 genomics 682:689 Comparative genomics 670:689 Comparative genomics 670:689 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 2 41 theme A 401:401 arg1 genes 410:414 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes 384:414 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis 384:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 2 42 theme wall 442:445 arg1 synthesis 447:455 primary cell wall synthesis 429:455 primary cell wall synthesis 429:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 7 43 theme synthase-like 1231:1243 arg1 F6 1245:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 1221:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) 1221:1254 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 43 theme synthase-like 1231:1243 arg1 gene 1215:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 43 theme synthase-like 1231:1243 arg1 CslF6 1249:1253 CslF6 1249:1253 CslF6 1249:1253 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 2 44 dep in 488:489 arg1 vivo 491:494 vivo 491:494 vivo 491:494 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 6 45 theme hemicellulose 973:985 arg1 glucans 1014:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans 969:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG) 969:1026 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 45 theme hemicellulose 973:985 arg1 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 46 theme linkage 1006:1012 arg1 glucans 1014:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans 969:1020 the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG) 969:1026 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 46 theme linkage 1006:1012 arg1 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 MLG 1023:1025 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 2 47 theme SYNTHASE 392:399 arg1 CesA 404:407 CesA 404:407 CesA 404:407 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 2 47 theme SYNTHASE 392:399 arg1 A 401:401 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A 384:401 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis 384:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 2 48 theme cell 437:440 arg1 synthesis 447:455 primary cell wall synthesis 429:455 primary cell wall synthesis 429:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 8 49 theme group 1488:1492 arg1 CBIs 1497:1500 group 21 CBIs 1488:1500 group 21 CBIs 1488:1500 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 9 50 theme Chemical 1521:1528 arg1 Industry 1530:1537 Chemical Industry 1521:1537 Chemical Industry 1521:1537 © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. 29087620 1 51 theme anisotropic 210:220 arg1 expansion 227:235 anisotropic cell expansion 210:235 anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 210:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 2 52 theme primary 429:435 arg1 synthesis 447:455 primary cell wall synthesis 429:455 primary cell wall synthesis 429:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 8 53 dep CONCLUSION 1348:1357 arg1 suggest 1370:1376 suggest 1370:1376 suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs 1370:1500 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 8 54 theme grass 1428:1432 arg1 walls 1439:1443 grass cell walls 1428:1443 grass cell walls 1428:1443 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 7 55 theme key 1197:1199 arg1 F6 1245:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 1221:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) 1221:1254 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 55 theme key 1197:1199 arg1 gene 1215:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 2 56 from mutations 371:379 arg1 genes 410:414 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes 384:414 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis 384:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 6 57 theme tolerance 1044:1052 arg1 mechanism 1054:1062 a potential tolerance mechanism 1032:1062 a potential tolerance mechanism 1032:1062 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 1 58 theme cell 222:225 arg1 expansion 227:235 anisotropic cell expansion 210:235 anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 210:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 7 59 theme knockdown 1156:1164 arg1 insertion 1172:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion 1130:1180 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 8 60 theme compensatory 1403:1414 arg1 composition 1387:1397 composition 1387:1397 composition 1387:1397 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 8 60 theme compensatory 1403:1414 arg1 response 1416:1423 compensatory response 1403:1423 compensatory response 1403:1423 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 8 60 theme compensatory 1403:1414 arg1 factor 1454:1459 a factor 1452:1459 a factor 1452:1459 CONCLUSION These data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. 29087620 4 61 theme point 721:725 arg1 mutations 727:735 synonymous point mutations 710:735 synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 710:825 Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 29087620 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 116:125 arg1 CBIs 162:165 CBIs 162:165 CBIs 162:165 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 116:125 arg1 inhibitors 150:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors 116:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) 116:166 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 116:125 arg1 herbicides 186:195 pre-emergence herbicides 172:195 pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 172:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 7 63 theme MLG 1201:1203 arg1 F6 1245:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 1221:1246 Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) 1221:1254 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 7 63 theme MLG 1201:1203 arg1 gene 1215:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 a key MLG synthesis gene 1195:1218 A partial-transcriptional knockdown T-DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild-type plants. 29087620 2 64 theme CELLOSE 384:390 arg1 CesA 404:407 CesA 404:407 CesA 404:407 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 2 64 theme CELLOSE 384:390 arg1 A 401:401 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A 384:401 CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis 384:455 Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target. 29087620 1 65 theme Cellulose 127:135 arg1 CBIs 162:165 CBIs 162:165 CBIs 162:165 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 65 theme Cellulose 127:135 arg1 inhibitors 150:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors 116:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) 116:166 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 65 theme Cellulose 127:135 arg1 herbicides 186:195 pre-emergence herbicides 172:195 pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 172:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 6 66 theme cellulose 1096:1104 arg1 loss 1088:1091 the loss 1084:1091 the loss of cellulose during cell elongation 1084:1127 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 6 67 theme components 944:953 arg1 role 896:899 the role 892:899 the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism 892:1062 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29087620 0 68 theme inherent 36:43 arg1 tolerance 45:53 the inherent tolerance 32:53 the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben 32:113 Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. 29087620 3 69 theme grass 634:638 arg1 L 665:665 L. 665:666 L. 665:666 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 3 69 theme grass 634:638 arg1 distachyon 653:662 the grass Brachypodium distachyon 630:662 the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) 630:667 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 3 70 theme group 562:566 arg1 CBIs 571:574 group 21 CBIs 562:574 group 21 CBIs 562:574 RESULTS Herein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). 29087620 1 71 theme biosynthesis 137:148 arg1 CBIs 162:165 CBIs 162:165 CBIs 162:165 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 71 theme biosynthesis 137:148 arg1 inhibitors 150:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors 116:159 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) 116:166 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 1 71 theme biosynthesis 137:148 arg1 herbicides 186:195 pre-emergence herbicides 172:195 pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype 172:296 BACKGROUND Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre-emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. 29087620 6 72 theme wall 939:942 arg1 components 944:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components 904:953 We next explored the role of grass-specific non-cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. 29275197 0 0 theme D 97:97 arg1 detection 76:84 detection 76:84 detection of vitamin D 76:97 Carbon dots-modified chitosan based electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D. 29275197 8 1 theme Ag-VD2 1197:1202 arg1 concentration 1204:1216 Ag-VD2 concentration 1197:1216 Ag-VD2 concentration 1197:1216 The biosensing electrode showed linearity within the range 10-50 ng mL-1 of Ag-VD2 concentration. 29275197 4 2 theme ITO 632:634 arg1 substrate 642:650 ITO glass substrate 632:650 ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) 632:662 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 4 2 theme ITO 632:634 arg1 CD-CH/ITO 653:661 CD-CH/ITO 653:661 CD-CH/ITO 653:661 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 9 3 contain had 1312:1314 arg2 shelf-life 1318:1327 a shelf-life 1316:1327 a shelf-life of about 25 days 1316:1344 The sensitivity was found to be 0.2 μA ng-1 mL cm-2, LOD was 1.35 ng mL-1, and the biosensor had a shelf-life of about 25 days. 29275197 9 3 contain had 1312:1314 arg1 biosensor 1302:1310 the biosensor 1298:1310 the biosensor 1298:1310 The sensitivity was found to be 0.2 μA ng-1 mL cm-2, LOD was 1.35 ng mL-1, and the biosensor had a shelf-life of about 25 days. 29275197 1 4 theme -modified 128:136 arg1 CH 148:149 CH 148:149 CH 148:149 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 1 4 theme -modified 128:136 arg1 chitosan 138:145 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan 109:145 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) 109:150 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 6 5 theme albumin 929:935 arg1 immobilization 865:878 immobilization 865:878 immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) 865:941 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 0 6 theme vitamin 89:95 arg1 D 97:97 vitamin D 89:97 vitamin D 89:97 Carbon dots-modified chitosan based electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D. 29275197 1 7 dep Here 100:103 arg1 in 105:106 in 105:106 in 105:106 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 6 8 theme serum 923:927 arg1 BSA 938:940 BSA 938:940 BSA 938:940 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 6 8 theme serum 923:927 arg1 albumin 929:935 bovine serum albumin 916:935 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 916:941 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 2 9 theme pyrolysis 266:274 arg1 method 276:281 microwave pyrolysis method 256:281 microwave pyrolysis method 256:281 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 4 10 theme drop 667:670 arg1 method 680:685 drop casting method 667:685 drop casting method 667:685 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 6 11 theme bovine 916:921 arg1 BSA 938:940 BSA 938:940 BSA 938:940 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 6 11 theme bovine 916:921 arg1 albumin 929:935 bovine serum albumin 916:935 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 916:941 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 2 12 theme microwave 256:264 arg1 method 276:281 microwave pyrolysis method 256:281 microwave pyrolysis method 256:281 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 2 13 theme Raman 341:345 arg1 spectroscopy 347:358 Raman spectroscopy 341:358 Raman spectroscopy 341:358 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 8 14 theme biosensing 1125:1134 arg1 electrode 1136:1144 The biosensing electrode 1121:1144 The biosensing electrode 1121:1144 The biosensing electrode showed linearity within the range 10-50 ng mL-1 of Ag-VD2 concentration. 29275197 6 15 theme CD-CH/ITO 821:829 arg1 surface 831:837 CD-CH/ITO surface 821:837 CD-CH/ITO surface 821:837 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 7 16 theme vitamin 1042:1048 arg1 Ag-VD2 1062:1067 Ag-VD2 1062:1067 Ag-VD2 1062:1067 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 7 16 theme vitamin 1042:1048 arg1 antigen 1053:1059 vitamin D2 antigen 1042:1059 vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) 1042:1068 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 8 17 theme concentration 1204:1216 arg1 10-50 ng mL-1 1180:1192 the range 10-50 ng mL-1 1170:1192 the range 10-50 ng mL-1 of Ag-VD2 concentration 1170:1216 The biosensing electrode showed linearity within the range 10-50 ng mL-1 of Ag-VD2 concentration. 29275197 5 18 theme angle 779:783 arg1 measurement 785:795 static contact angle measurement 764:795 static contact angle measurement 764:795 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 7 19 theme D2 1050:1051 arg1 Ag-VD2 1062:1067 Ag-VD2 1062:1067 Ag-VD2 1062:1067 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 7 19 theme D2 1050:1051 arg1 antigen 1053:1059 vitamin D2 antigen 1042:1059 vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) 1042:1068 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 9 20 theme 25 days 1338:1344 arg1 shelf-life 1318:1327 a shelf-life 1316:1327 a shelf-life of about 25 days 1316:1344 The sensitivity was found to be 0.2 μA ng-1 mL cm-2, LOD was 1.35 ng mL-1, and the biosensor had a shelf-life of about 25 days. 29275197 0 21 theme dots-modified 7:19 arg1 chitosan 21:28 Carbon dots-modified chitosan 0:28 Carbon dots-modified chitosan 0:28 Carbon dots-modified chitosan based electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D. 29275197 6 22 theme antibody 894:901 arg1 immobilization 865:878 immobilization 865:878 immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) 865:941 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 7 23 theme bioelectrode 1021:1032 arg1 response 1005:1012 Electrochemical response 989:1012 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) 989:1068 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 1 24 dep -modified 128:136 arg1 dots 118:121 carbon dots 111:121 carbon dots 111:121 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 4 25 theme composite 604:612 arg1 film 590:593 A thin film 583:593 A thin film of CD-CH composite 583:612 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 0 26 theme Carbon 0:5 arg1 chitosan 21:28 Carbon dots-modified chitosan 0:28 Carbon dots-modified chitosan 0:28 Carbon dots-modified chitosan based electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D. 29275197 3 27 theme CDs 524:526 arg1 addition 512:519 the addition 508:519 the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 508:580 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 1 28 theme based 152:156 arg1 platform 169:176 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform 109:176 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform 109:176 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 5 29 theme atomic 739:744 arg1 microscopy 752:761 atomic force microscopy 739:761 atomic force microscopy 739:761 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 3 30 theme dots-chitosan 550:562 arg1 composite 572:580 the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 539:580 the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 539:580 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 4 31 theme casting 672:678 arg1 method 680:685 drop casting method 667:685 drop casting method 667:685 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 1 32 theme biosensing 158:167 arg1 platform 169:176 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform 109:176 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform 109:176 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 5 33 theme force 746:750 arg1 microscopy 752:761 atomic force microscopy 739:761 atomic force microscopy 739:761 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 7 34 theme Electrochemical 989:1003 arg1 response 1005:1012 Electrochemical response 989:1012 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) 989:1068 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 3 35 theme acid 473:476 arg1 solution 483:490 acetic acid (1%) solution 466:490 acetic acid (1%) solution 466:490 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 2 36 theme UV/VIS 406:411 arg1 spectroscopy 413:424 UV/VIS spectroscopy 406:424 UV/VIS spectroscopy 406:424 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 0 37 theme biosensing 52:61 arg1 platform 63:70 electrochemical biosensing platform 36:70 electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D 36:97 Carbon dots-modified chitosan based electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D. 29275197 2 38 theme electron 320:327 arg1 microscopy 329:338 transmission electron microscopy 307:338 transmission electron microscopy 307:338 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 6 39 mod modified 851:858 arg3 immobilization 865:878 immobilization 865:878 immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) 865:941 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 6 39 mod modified 851:858 arg1 surface 831:837 CD-CH/ITO surface 821:837 CD-CH/ITO surface 821:837 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 5 40 theme static 764:769 arg1 measurement 785:795 static contact angle measurement 764:795 static contact angle measurement 764:795 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 3 41 theme Chitosan 427:434 arg1 solution 441:448 Chitosan (1%) solution 427:448 Chitosan (1%) solution 427:448 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 4 42 theme thin 585:588 arg1 film 590:593 A thin film 583:593 A thin film of CD-CH composite 583:612 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 0 43 theme electrochemical 36:50 arg1 platform 63:70 electrochemical biosensing platform 36:70 electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D 36:97 Carbon dots-modified chitosan based electrochemical biosensing platform for detection of vitamin D. 29275197 6 44 theme D2 891:892 arg1 Ab-VD2 904:909 Ab-VD2 904:909 Ab-VD2 904:909 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 6 44 theme D2 891:892 arg1 antibody 894:901 vitamin D2 antibody 883:901 vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) 883:910 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 5 45 theme composite 703:711 arg1 film 713:716 the composite film 699:716 the composite film 699:716 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 1 46 dep based 152:156 arg1 CH 148:149 CH 148:149 CH 148:149 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 1 46 dep based 152:156 arg1 chitosan 138:145 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan 109:145 a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) 109:150 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 5 47 theme contact 771:777 arg1 measurement 785:795 static contact angle measurement 764:795 static contact angle measurement 764:795 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 5 48 theme film 713:716 arg1 Surface 688:694 Surface 688:694 Surface of the composite film 688:716 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 6 49 theme vitamin 883:889 arg1 Ab-VD2 904:909 Ab-VD2 904:909 Ab-VD2 904:909 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 6 49 theme vitamin 883:889 arg1 antibody 894:901 vitamin D2 antibody 883:901 vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) 883:910 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 3 50 theme acetic 466:471 arg1 acid 473:476 acetic acid 466:476 acetic acid (1%) solution 466:490 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 3 50 theme acetic 466:471 arg1 % 480:480 1% 479:480 1% 479:480 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 1 51 theme carbon 111:116 arg1 dots 118:121 carbon dots 111:121 carbon dots 111:121 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 7 52 theme differential 1089:1100 arg1 voltammetry 1108:1118 differential pulse voltammetry 1089:1118 differential pulse voltammetry 1089:1118 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 3 53 theme CD-CH 565:569 arg1 composite 572:580 the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 539:580 the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 539:580 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 2 54 dep transform 369:377 arg1 infrared 379:386 infrared 379:386 transform infrared spectroscopy 369:399 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 3 55 theme carbon 543:548 arg1 composite 572:580 the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 539:580 the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite 539:580 Chitosan (1%) solution was prepared in acetic acid (1%) solution and followed by the addition of CDs to prepare the carbon dots-chitosan (CD-CH) composite. 29275197 2 56 theme transmission 307:318 arg1 microscopy 329:338 transmission electron microscopy 307:338 transmission electron microscopy 307:338 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 5 57 theme cyclic 801:806 arg1 voltammetry 808:818 cyclic voltammetry 801:818 cyclic voltammetry 801:818 Surface of the composite film was characterized by atomic force microscopy, static contact angle measurement and cyclic voltammetry. 29275197 2 58 dep Fourier 361:367 arg1 transform 369:377 transform 369:377 transform infrared spectroscopy 369:399 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 8 59 theme range 1174:1178 arg1 10-50 ng mL-1 1180:1192 the range 10-50 ng mL-1 1170:1192 the range 10-50 ng mL-1 of Ag-VD2 concentration 1170:1216 The biosensing electrode showed linearity within the range 10-50 ng mL-1 of Ag-VD2 concentration. 29275197 1 60 theme vitamin 197:203 arg1 detection 208:216 vitamin D2 detection 197:216 vitamin D2 detection 197:216 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 2 61 theme Carbon 219:224 arg1 dots 226:229 Carbon dots 219:229 Carbon dots 219:229 Carbon dots were synthesized through microwave pyrolysis method, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. 29275197 1 62 theme D2 205:206 arg1 detection 208:216 vitamin D2 detection 197:216 vitamin D2 detection 197:216 Here in, a carbon dots (CDs)-modified chitosan (CH) based biosensing platform was fabricated for vitamin D2 detection. 29275197 4 63 theme CD-CH 598:602 arg1 composite 604:612 CD-CH composite 598:612 CD-CH composite 598:612 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 7 64 theme pulse 1102:1106 arg1 voltammetry 1108:1118 differential pulse voltammetry 1089:1118 differential pulse voltammetry 1089:1118 Electrochemical response of the bioelectrode towards vitamin D2 antigen (Ag-VD2) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. 29275197 6 65 theme BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO 954:973 arg1 bioelectrode 975:986 BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode 954:986 BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode 954:986 CD-CH/ITO surface was further modified with immobilization of vitamin D2 antibody (Ab-VD2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare BSA/Ab-VD2/CD-CH/ITO bioelectrode. 29275197 4 66 theme glass 636:640 arg1 substrate 642:650 ITO glass substrate 632:650 ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) 632:662 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 29275197 4 66 theme glass 636:640 arg1 CD-CH/ITO 653:661 CD-CH/ITO 653:661 CD-CH/ITO 653:661 A thin film of CD-CH composite was prepared onto ITO glass substrate (CD-CH/ITO) by drop casting method. 27696423 1 0 theme adsorbed 325:332 arg1 moisture 334:341 the surface adsorbed moisture 313:341 the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) 313:441 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 2 1 dep METHODS 444:450 arg1 content 465:471 The moisture content 452:471 METHODS The moisture content of MCC 444:478 METHODS The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. 27696423 0 2 from impact 52:57 arg1 properties 109:118 the properties 105:118 the properties of orally disintegrating tablets 105:151 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 0 3 theme content 71:77 arg1 impact 52:57 impact 52:57 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 0:152 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 6 4 theme surface 1094:1100 arg1 moisture 1111:1118 surface adsorbed moisture 1094:1118 surface adsorbed moisture 1094:1118 The study also demonstrated that surface adsorbed moisture can be displaced upon addition of excipients during dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting. 27696423 1 5 theme dry 249:251 arg1 coating 253:259 dry coating 249:259 dry coating 249:259 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 0 6 theme parameters 91:100 arg1 impact 52:57 impact 52:57 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 0:152 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 4 7 theme w/w 855:857 arg1 % 853:853 11.2% w/w 849:857 11.2% w/w 849:857 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 5 8 theme composite 933:941 arg1 process 958:964 the composite powder coating process 929:964 the composite powder coating process (without air) 929:978 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 0 9 theme process 83:89 arg1 parameters 91:100 process parameters 83:100 process parameters 83:100 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 1 10 theme microcrystalline 346:361 arg1 cellulose 363:371 microcrystalline cellulose 346:371 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 346:377 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 1 10 theme microcrystalline 346:361 arg1 filler/binder 388:400 a model filler/binder 380:400 a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) 380:441 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 1 10 theme microcrystalline 346:361 arg1 MCC 374:376 MCC 374:376 MCC 374:376 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 7 11 theme favourable 1377:1386 arg1 characteristics 1392:1406 favourable ODT characteristics 1377:1406 favourable ODT characteristics 1377:1406 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 1 12 theme cellulose 363:371 arg1 moisture 334:341 the surface adsorbed moisture 313:341 the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) 313:441 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 7 13 theme moisture 1294:1301 arg1 content 1303:1309 a moisture content 1292:1309 a moisture content of 11% w/w 1292:1320 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 5 14 dep increase 1002:1009 arg1 % 1000:1000 % 1000:1000 % 1000:1000 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 4 15 theme best 807:810 arg1 flowability 812:822 its best flowability 803:822 its best flowability 803:822 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 0 16 theme surface 14:20 arg1 layering 22:29 Microparticle surface layering 0:29 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 0:152 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 4 17 dep % 902:902 arg1 3.9 899:901 3.9 899:901 3.9 899:901 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 1 18 dep OBJECTIVES 154:163 arg1 was 187:189 was 187:189 was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) 187:441 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 5 19 dep 80 998:999 arg1 to 995:996 to 995:996 to 995:996 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 0 20 theme Microparticle 0:12 arg1 layering 22:29 Microparticle surface layering 0:29 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 0:152 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 4 21 dep FINDINGS 753:760 arg1 showed 774:779 showed 774:779 showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture 774:915 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 5 22 from increase 1002:1009 arg1 hardness 1021:1028 tablet hardness 1014:1028 tablet hardness 1014:1028 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 1 23 theme study 181:185 arg1 aim 169:171 The aim 165:171 The aim of this study 165:185 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 7 24 theme good 1333:1336 arg1 balance 1338:1344 a good balance 1331:1344 a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics 1331:1406 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 7 25 theme ODT 1388:1390 arg1 characteristics 1392:1406 favourable ODT characteristics 1377:1406 favourable ODT characteristics 1377:1406 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 5 26 theme coating 950:956 arg1 process 958:964 the composite powder coating process 929:964 the composite powder coating process (without air) 929:978 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 7 27 theme % 1316:1316 arg1 content 1303:1309 a moisture content 1292:1309 a moisture content of 11% w/w 1292:1320 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 5 28 theme powder 943:948 arg1 process 958:964 the composite powder coating process 929:964 the composite powder coating process (without air) 929:978 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 1 29 theme dosage 277:282 arg1 properties 289:298 dosage form properties 277:298 dosage form properties 277:298 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 7 30 with MCC 1283:1285 arg1 content 1303:1309 a moisture content 1292:1309 a moisture content of 11% w/w 1292:1320 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 6 31 theme excipients 1154:1163 arg1 addition 1142:1149 addition 1142:1149 addition of excipients 1142:1163 The study also demonstrated that surface adsorbed moisture can be displaced upon addition of excipients during dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting. 27696423 5 32 theme process 958:964 arg1 use 922:924 The use 918:924 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) 918:978 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 2 33 theme moisture 456:463 arg1 content 465:471 The moisture content 452:471 METHODS The moisture content of MCC 444:478 METHODS The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. 27696423 1 34 theme form 284:287 arg1 properties 289:298 dosage form properties 277:298 dosage form properties 277:298 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 0 35 theme disintegrating 130:143 arg1 tablets 145:151 orally disintegrating tablets 123:151 orally disintegrating tablets 123:151 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 3 36 theme scanning 675:682 arg1 microscopy 693:702 scanning electron microscopy 675:702 scanning electron microscopy 675:702 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 6 37 theme particle 1214:1221 arg1 drying 1223:1228 particle drying 1214:1228 particle drying before tabletting 1214:1246 The study also demonstrated that surface adsorbed moisture can be displaced upon addition of excipients during dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting. 27696423 5 38 dep % 1000:1000 arg1 80 998:999 80 998:999 80 998:999 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 0 39 theme dry 39:41 arg1 coating 43:49 dry coating 39:49 dry coating 39:49 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 2 40 theme water 510:514 arg1 method 516:521 the spray water method 500:521 the spray water method 500:521 METHODS The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. 27696423 7 41 theme powder 1354:1359 arg1 flowability 1361:1371 powder flowability 1354:1371 powder flowability 1354:1371 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 2 42 theme spray 504:508 arg1 method 516:521 the spray water method 500:521 the spray water method 500:521 METHODS The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. 27696423 4 43 theme w/w 904:906 arg1 moisture 908:915 of 3.9% w/w moisture 896:915 of 3.9% w/w moisture 896:915 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 1 44 theme model 382:386 arg1 cellulose 363:371 microcrystalline cellulose 346:371 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 346:377 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 1 44 theme model 382:386 arg1 filler/binder 388:400 a model filler/binder 380:400 a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) 380:441 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 3 45 theme Microproperty/macroproperty 570:596 arg1 assessment 598:607 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment 570:607 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment 570:607 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 2 46 theme thermogravimetric 542:558 arg1 analysis 560:567 thermogravimetric analysis 542:567 thermogravimetric analysis 542:567 METHODS The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. 27696423 4 47 theme KEY 749:751 arg1 FINDINGS 753:760 KEY FINDINGS 749:760 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 749:916 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 0 48 theme tablets 145:151 arg1 properties 109:118 the properties 105:118 the properties of orally disintegrating tablets 105:151 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 5 49 theme tablet 1014:1019 arg1 hardness 1021:1028 tablet hardness 1014:1028 tablet hardness 1014:1028 The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. 27696423 4 50 theme % 853:853 arg1 content 838:844 a moisture content 827:844 a moisture content of 11.2% w/w 827:857 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 3 51 theme disintegration 725:738 arg1 testing 740:746 disintegration testing 725:746 disintegration testing 725:746 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 4 52 theme moisture 829:836 arg1 content 838:844 a moisture content 827:844 a moisture content of 11.2% w/w 827:857 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 1 53 from influence 210:218 arg1 particle 264:271 particle 264:271 particle 264:271 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 1 53 from influence 210:218 arg1 properties 289:298 dosage form properties 277:298 dosage form properties 277:298 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 3 54 theme tablet 705:710 arg1 hardness 712:719 tablet hardness 705:719 tablet hardness 705:719 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 3 55 theme force 639:643 arg1 microscopy 645:654 atomic force microscopy 632:654 atomic force microscopy 632:654 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 3 56 theme electron 684:691 arg1 microscopy 693:702 scanning electron microscopy 675:702 scanning electron microscopy 675:702 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 0 57 dep layering 22:29 arg1 impact 52:57 impact 52:57 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 0:152 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 6 58 theme adsorbed 1102:1109 arg1 moisture 1111:1118 surface adsorbed moisture 1094:1118 surface adsorbed moisture 1094:1118 The study also demonstrated that surface adsorbed moisture can be displaced upon addition of excipients during dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting. 27696423 0 59 theme moisture 62:69 arg1 content 71:77 moisture content 62:77 moisture content 62:77 Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets. 27696423 6 60 theme dry 1172:1174 arg1 processing 1176:1185 dry processing 1172:1185 dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting 1172:1246 The study also demonstrated that surface adsorbed moisture can be displaced upon addition of excipients during dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting. 27696423 7 61 dep CONCLUSIONS 1249:1259 arg1 concluded 1268:1276 concluded 1268:1276 was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics 1264:1406 CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics. 27696423 1 62 theme process 223:229 arg1 parameters 231:240 process parameters 223:240 process parameters during dry coating 223:259 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 2 63 theme MCC 476:478 arg1 content 465:471 The moisture content 452:471 METHODS The moisture content of MCC 444:478 METHODS The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. 27696423 1 64 theme surface 317:323 arg1 moisture 334:341 the surface adsorbed moisture 313:341 the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) 313:441 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 27696423 3 65 theme atomic 632:637 arg1 microscopy 645:654 atomic force microscopy 632:654 atomic force microscopy 632:654 Microproperty/macroproperty assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. 27696423 4 66 dep moisture 908:915 arg1 % 902:902 % 902:902 % 902:902 KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of 3.9% w/w moisture. 27696423 1 67 theme parameters 231:240 arg1 influence 210:218 the influence 206:218 the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties 206:298 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). 24528764 3 0 theme molecular 325:333 arg1 images 335:340 global molecular images 318:340 global molecular images 318:340 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 6 1 theme monosaccharide 890:903 arg1 analysis 905:912 monosaccharide analysis 890:912 monosaccharide analysis 890:912 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 3 2 theme glycosaminoglycan 346:362 arg1 structure 364:372 glycosaminoglycan structure 346:372 glycosaminoglycan structure 346:372 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 5 3 theme chondroitin 786:796 arg1 units 808:812 chondroitin 6-sulfate units 786:812 chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, 786:837 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 6 4 theme chondroitin 1012:1022 arg1 chains 1032:1037 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains 991:1037 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains 991:1037 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 0 5 theme proteoglycan 84:95 arg1 characterization 41:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization 0:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 0:96 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 5 6 from aggrecan 824:831 arg1 proportion 772:781 a higher proportion 763:781 a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, 763:837 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 7 7 theme biochemical 1153:1163 arg1 analyses 1165:1172 biochemical analyses 1153:1172 biochemical analyses 1153:1172 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan supported the images predicted by biochemical analyses. 24528764 7 8 theme aggrecan 1110:1117 arg1 images 1100:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images 1065:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan 1065:1117 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan supported the images predicted by biochemical analyses. 24528764 5 9 from proportion 772:781 arg1 aggrecan 824:831 salmon aggrecan 817:831 salmon aggrecan 817:831 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 5 9 from proportion 772:781 arg1 % 836:836 60% 834:836 60% 834:836 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 6 10 theme longer 1005:1010 arg1 chains 1032:1037 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains 991:1037 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains 991:1037 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 3 11 theme salmon 377:382 arg1 aggrecan 400:407 salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan 377:407 salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 377:456 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 6 12 theme salmon 925:930 arg1 aggrecan 932:939 the salmon aggrecan 921:939 the salmon aggrecan 921:939 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 4 13 theme sulfate 637:643 arg1 chains 645:650 chondroitin sulfate chains 625:650 chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon 625:660 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 3 14 theme nasal 384:388 arg1 aggrecan 400:407 salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan 377:407 salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 377:456 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 15 theme bovine 517:522 arg1 cartilage 533:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 16 theme tracheal 524:531 arg1 cartilage 533:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 4 17 theme chondroitin 625:635 arg1 chains 645:650 chondroitin sulfate chains 625:650 chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon 625:660 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 6 18 theme Gel 866:868 arg1 HPLC 881:884 Gel filtration HPLC 866:884 Gel filtration HPLC 866:884 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 1 19 theme structural 189:198 arg1 information 200:210 structural information 189:210 structural information 189:210 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 5 20 theme salmon 817:822 arg1 aggrecan 824:831 salmon aggrecan 817:831 salmon aggrecan 817:831 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 5 20 theme salmon 817:822 arg1 % 836:836 60% 834:836 60% 834:836 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 6 21 dep showed 914:919 arg1 had 941:943 had 941:943 showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan 914:1062 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 5 22 theme 6-sulfate 798:806 arg1 units 808:812 chondroitin 6-sulfate units 786:812 chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, 786:837 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 1 23 theme Biological 98:107 arg1 activities 109:118 Biological activities 98:118 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 98:167 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 7 24 theme Atomic 1065:1070 arg1 images 1100:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images 1065:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan 1065:1117 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan supported the images predicted by biochemical analyses. 24528764 0 25 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 characterization 41:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization 0:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 0:96 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 4 26 theme sulfates 591:598 arg1 numbers 580:586 The estimated numbers 566:586 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans 566:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 26 theme sulfates 591:598 arg1 0.85 711:714 0.85 711:714 0.85 711:714 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 26 theme sulfates 591:598 arg1 similar 688:694 similar 688:694 similar 688:694 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 6 27 theme lower 947:951 arg1 number 953:958 a lower number 945:958 a lower number (approximately one-third) 945:984 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 7 28 theme microscopic 1078:1088 arg1 images 1100:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images 1065:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan 1065:1117 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan supported the images predicted by biochemical analyses. 24528764 7 29 theme molecular 1090:1098 arg1 images 1100:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images 1065:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan 1065:1117 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan supported the images predicted by biochemical analyses. 24528764 3 30 theme cartilage 390:398 arg1 aggrecan 400:407 salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan 377:407 salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 377:456 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 5 31 theme disaccharide 731:742 arg1 composition 744:754 the disaccharide composition 727:754 the disaccharide composition 727:754 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 6 32 theme sulfate 1024:1030 arg1 chains 1032:1037 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains 991:1037 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains 991:1037 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 3 33 theme force 495:499 arg1 HPLCs 478:482 HPLCs 478:482 HPLCs 478:482 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 33 theme force 495:499 arg1 control 557:563 a control 555:563 a control 555:563 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 33 theme force 495:499 arg1 microscopy 501:510 atomic force microscopy 488:510 atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage 488:541 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 0 34 theme atomic 16:21 arg1 characterization 41:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization 0:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 0:96 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 4 35 theme disaccharide 604:615 arg1 unit 617:620 disaccharide unit 604:620 disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans 604:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 6 36 dep number 953:958 arg1 one-third 975:983 one-third 975:983 one-third 975:983 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 1 37 theme salmon 123:128 arg1 fractions 159:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 4 38 theme bovine 666:671 arg1 aggrecans 673:681 bovine aggrecans 666:681 bovine aggrecans 666:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 3 39 theme hydrochloride 436:448 arg1 extract 450:456 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 423:456 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 423:456 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 7 40 theme force 1072:1076 arg1 images 1100:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images 1065:1105 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan 1065:1117 Atomic force microscopic molecular images of aggrecan supported the images predicted by biochemical analyses. 24528764 4 41 dep similar 688:694 arg1 numbers 580:586 The estimated numbers 566:586 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans 566:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 41 dep similar 688:694 arg1 0.85 711:714 0.85 711:714 0.85 711:714 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 41 dep similar 688:694 arg1 similar 688:694 similar 688:694 similar 688:694 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 0 42 theme microscopic 29:39 arg1 characterization 41:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization 0:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 0:96 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 3 43 with microscopy 501:510 arg1 cartilage 533:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 6 44 theme filtration 870:879 arg1 HPLC 881:884 Gel filtration HPLC 866:884 Gel filtration HPLC 866:884 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 0 45 theme force 23:27 arg1 characterization 41:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization 0:56 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 0:96 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 3 46 theme atomic 488:493 arg1 HPLCs 478:482 HPLCs 478:482 HPLCs 478:482 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 46 theme atomic 488:493 arg1 control 557:563 a control 555:563 a control 555:563 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 46 theme atomic 488:493 arg1 microscopy 501:510 atomic force microscopy 488:510 atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage 488:541 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 47 theme 4M 423:424 arg1 extract 450:456 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 423:456 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 423:456 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 5 48 theme higher 765:770 arg1 proportion 772:781 a higher proportion 763:781 a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, 763:837 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 6 49 theme bovine 1048:1053 arg1 aggrecan 1055:1062 the bovine aggrecan 1044:1062 the bovine aggrecan 1044:1062 Gel filtration HPLC and monosaccharide analysis showed the salmon aggrecan had a lower number (approximately one-third), but 1.5-3.3 times longer chondroitin sulfate chains than the bovine aggrecan. 24528764 0 50 theme nasal 68:72 arg1 proteoglycan 84:95 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan 61:95 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan 61:95 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 2 51 theme major 238:242 arg1 proteoglycan 244:255 the major proteoglycan 234:255 the major proteoglycan of this cartilage 234:273 Recently, the major proteoglycan of this cartilage was identified as aggrecan. 24528764 2 51 theme major 238:242 arg1 aggrecan 293:300 aggrecan 293:300 aggrecan 293:300 Recently, the major proteoglycan of this cartilage was identified as aggrecan. 24528764 1 52 theme nasal 130:134 arg1 fractions 159:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 3 53 theme guanidine 426:434 arg1 extract 450:456 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 423:456 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract 423:456 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 54 theme global 318:323 arg1 images 335:340 global molecular images 318:340 global molecular images 318:340 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 55 dep HPLCs 478:482 arg1 aggrecan 543:550 aggrecan 543:550 aggrecan 543:550 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 1 56 theme cartilage 136:144 arg1 fractions 159:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 4 57 theme estimated 570:578 arg1 numbers 580:586 The estimated numbers 566:586 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans 566:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 57 theme estimated 570:578 arg1 0.85 711:714 0.85 711:714 0.85 711:714 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 57 theme estimated 570:578 arg1 similar 688:694 similar 688:694 similar 688:694 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 5 58 dep showed 756:761 arg1 compared 839:846 compared 839:846 showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine 756:863 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 5 59 theme units 808:812 arg1 proportion 772:781 a higher proportion 763:781 a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, 763:837 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 1 60 theme proteoglycan 146:157 arg1 fractions 159:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 123:167 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 3 61 with HPLCs 478:482 arg1 cartilage 533:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 bovine tracheal cartilage 517:541 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 1 62 theme fractions 159:167 arg1 activities 109:118 Biological activities 98:118 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions 98:167 Biological activities of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan fractions are known, however, structural information is lacking. 24528764 4 63 theme chains 645:650 arg1 unit 617:620 disaccharide unit 604:620 disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans 604:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 0 64 theme cartilage 74:82 arg1 proteoglycan 84:95 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan 61:95 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan 61:95 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 5 65 from units 808:812 arg1 aggrecan 824:831 salmon aggrecan 817:831 salmon aggrecan 817:831 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 5 65 from units 808:812 arg1 % 836:836 60% 834:836 60% 834:836 However, the disaccharide composition showed a higher proportion of chondroitin 6-sulfate units in salmon aggrecan, 60%, compared to 40% in bovine. 24528764 2 66 theme cartilage 265:273 arg1 proteoglycan 244:255 the major proteoglycan 234:255 the major proteoglycan of this cartilage 234:273 Recently, the major proteoglycan of this cartilage was identified as aggrecan. 24528764 2 66 theme cartilage 265:273 arg1 aggrecan 293:300 aggrecan 293:300 aggrecan 293:300 Recently, the major proteoglycan of this cartilage was identified as aggrecan. 24528764 4 67 theme aggrecans 673:681 arg1 unit 617:620 disaccharide unit 604:620 disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans 604:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 0 68 theme salmon 61:66 arg1 proteoglycan 84:95 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan 61:95 salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan 61:95 Biochemical and atomic force microscopic characterization of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan. 24528764 3 69 theme aggrecan 400:407 arg1 images 335:340 global molecular images 318:340 global molecular images 318:340 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 3 69 theme aggrecan 400:407 arg1 structure 364:372 glycosaminoglycan structure 346:372 glycosaminoglycan structure 346:372 In this study, global molecular images and glycosaminoglycan structure of salmon nasal cartilage aggrecan purified from 4M guanidine hydrochloride extract were analyzed using HPLCs and atomic force microscopy with bovine tracheal cartilage aggrecan as a control. 24528764 4 70 theme salmon 655:660 arg1 aggrecans 673:681 bovine aggrecans 666:681 bovine aggrecans 666:681 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 24528764 4 70 theme salmon 655:660 arg1 chains 645:650 chondroitin sulfate chains 625:650 chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon 625:660 The estimated numbers of sulfates per disaccharide unit of chondroitin sulfate chains of salmon and bovine aggrecans were similar (approximately 0.85). 26474106 8 0 theme tubular 1027:1033 arg1 glands 1035:1040 tubular glands 1027:1040 tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins 1027:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 8 1 theme similar 1042:1048 arg1 glands 1035:1040 tubular glands 1027:1040 tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins 1027:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 6 2 theme Periodic 803:810 arg1 acid-Schiff 812:822 Periodic acid-Schiff 803:822 Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) 803:828 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 6 2 theme Periodic 803:810 arg1 PAS 825:827 PAS 825:827 PAS 825:827 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 10 3 theme glands 1542:1547 arg1 organization 1508:1519 organization 1508:1519 organization 1508:1519 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 10 3 theme glands 1542:1547 arg1 composition 1492:1502 composition 1492:1502 composition 1492:1502 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 4 4 theme histochemical 593:605 arg1 techniques 607:616 histochemical techniques 593:616 histochemical techniques 593:616 Immature and developing glands did not react to histochemical techniques. 26474106 9 5 theme baffle 1270:1275 arg1 zone 1277:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 9 5 theme baffle 1270:1275 arg1 segment 1321:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment 1286:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs 1286:1338 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 12 6 theme mating 1745:1750 arg1 sperm 1665:1669 Individual sperm 1654:1669 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae 1654:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 12 6 theme mating 1745:1750 arg1 result 1726:1731 the result 1722:1731 the result of a recent mating 1722:1750 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 3 7 theme internal 506:513 arg1 organization 515:526 a similar internal organization 496:526 a similar internal organization 496:526 Microscopic analysis showed a similar internal organization in both species. 26474106 8 8 theme club 1075:1078 arg1 zone 1080:1083 the club zone 1071:1083 the club zone 1071:1083 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 12 9 theme skate 1854:1858 arg1 zone 1831:1834 the terminal zone 1818:1834 the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate 1818:1858 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 7 10 theme secretory 922:930 arg1 material 932:939 The secretory material 918:939 The secretory material produced by the papillary zone 918:970 The secretory material produced by the papillary zone varied greatly between the two species. 26474106 6 11 theme sulfated 896:903 arg1 mucins 910:915 neutral and sulfated acid mucins 884:915 neutral and sulfated acid mucins 884:915 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 8 12 theme last 1165:1168 arg1 row 1170:1172 the last row 1161:1172 the last row of tubules of the brown ray 1161:1200 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 0 13 theme oxyrinchus 61:70 arg1 microstructure 15:28 Oviducal gland microstructure 0:28 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 0:97 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 6 14 theme neutral 884:890 arg1 mucins 910:915 neutral and sulfated acid mucins 884:915 neutral and sulfated acid mucins 884:915 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 2 15 from similar 369:375 arg1 species 385:391 both species 380:391 both species 380:391 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 12 16 theme baffle 1697:1702 arg1 lamellae 1704:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 1 17 theme oviducal 146:153 arg1 OG 162:163 OG 162:163 OG 162:163 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 17 theme oviducal 146:153 arg1 gland 155:159 the oviducal gland 142:159 the oviducal gland (OG) 142:164 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 12 18 dep result 1726:1731 arg1 whereas 1753:1759 whereas 1753:1759 whereas 1753:1759 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 1 19 dep morphology 114:123 arg1 the 110:112 the 110:112 the 110:112 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 20 from histology 129:137 arg1 miraletus 189:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 20 from histology 129:137 arg1 oxyrinchus 235:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 20 from histology 129:137 arg1 skate 219:223 the long-nosed skate 204:223 the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) 204:245 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 20 from histology 129:137 arg1 ray 179:181 the brown ray 169:181 the brown ray (Raja miraletus) 169:198 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 0 21 theme Dipturus 52:59 arg1 oxyrinchus 61:70 Dipturus oxyrinchus 52:70 Dipturus oxyrinchus 52:70 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 8 22 theme brown 1192:1196 arg1 ray 1198:1200 the brown ray 1188:1200 the brown ray 1188:1200 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 1 23 from morphology 114:123 arg1 miraletus 189:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 23 from morphology 114:123 arg1 oxyrinchus 235:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 23 from morphology 114:123 arg1 skate 219:223 the long-nosed skate 204:223 the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) 204:245 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 23 from morphology 114:123 arg1 ray 179:181 the brown ray 169:181 the brown ray (Raja miraletus) 169:198 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 10 24 theme filaments 1436:1444 arg1 production 1417:1426 production 1417:1426 production of hair filaments 1417:1444 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 0 25 theme Oviducal 0:7 arg1 microstructure 15:28 Oviducal gland microstructure 0:28 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 0:97 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 12 26 theme brown 1687:1691 arg1 lamellae 1704:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 5 27 contain had 648:650 arg1 OG 645:646 the OG 641:646 the OG 641:646 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 5 27 contain had 648:650 arg2 width 664:668 the largest width 652:668 the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials 652:728 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 8 28 located observed 1059:1066 arg2 those 1053:1057 those 1053:1057 those 1053:1057 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 8 28 located observed 1059:1066 arg1 oxyrinchus 1096:1105 D. oxyrinchus 1093:1105 D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins 1093:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 8 28 located observed 1059:1066 arg1 zone 1080:1083 the club zone 1071:1083 the club zone 1071:1083 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 0 29 theme Raja 33:36 arg1 miraletus 38:46 Raja miraletus 33:46 Raja miraletus 33:46 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 0 29 theme Raja 33:36 arg1 Rajidae 89:95 Rajidae 89:95 Rajidae 89:95 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 6 30 theme mucins 910:915 arg1 production 870:879 production 870:879 production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins 870:915 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 8 31 theme neutral 1237:1243 arg1 mucins 1258:1263 neutral and sulfated mucins 1237:1263 neutral and sulfated mucins 1237:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 12 32 from presence 1767:1774 arg1 zone 1831:1834 the terminal zone 1818:1834 the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate 1818:1858 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 12 32 from presence 1767:1774 arg1 recesses 1788:1795 the deep recesses 1779:1795 the deep recesses of the baffle 1779:1809 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 10 33 theme composition 1492:1502 arg1 terms 1483:1487 terms 1483:1487 terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands 1483:1547 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 5 34 theme materials 720:728 arg1 production 696:705 the production 692:705 the production of secretory materials 692:728 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 8 35 theme sulfated 1249:1256 arg1 mucins 1258:1263 neutral and sulfated mucins 1237:1263 neutral and sulfated mucins 1237:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 2 36 located found 429:433 arg1 members 444:450 other members 438:450 other members of the Rajidae 438:465 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 2 36 located found 429:433 arg2 those 423:427 those 423:427 those 423:427 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 10 37 theme serous 1524:1529 arg1 glands 1542:1547 serous and mucous glands 1524:1547 serous and mucous glands 1524:1547 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 8 38 theme D. 1093:1094 arg1 oxyrinchus 1096:1105 D. oxyrinchus 1093:1105 D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins 1093:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 5 39 theme secretory 710:718 arg1 materials 720:728 secretory materials 710:728 secretory materials 710:728 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 10 40 theme organization 1508:1519 arg1 terms 1483:1487 terms 1483:1487 terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands 1483:1547 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 6 41 theme acid-Schiff 812:822 arg1 stains 851:856 Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains 803:856 Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains 803:856 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 10 42 theme terminal 1377:1384 arg1 zone 1386:1389 The terminal zone 1373:1389 The terminal zone 1373:1389 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 10 42 theme terminal 1377:1384 arg1 responsible 1401:1411 responsible 1401:1411 responsible 1401:1411 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 3 43 theme Microscopic 468:478 arg1 analysis 480:487 Microscopic analysis 468:487 Microscopic analysis 468:487 Microscopic analysis showed a similar internal organization in both species. 26474106 1 44 theme long-nosed 208:217 arg1 oxyrinchus 235:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 44 theme long-nosed 208:217 arg1 skate 219:223 the long-nosed skate 204:223 the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) 204:245 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 11 45 theme egg 1640:1642 arg1 capsules 1644:1651 the egg capsules 1636:1651 the egg capsules 1636:1651 This difference probably is related to the different substrates in which they release the egg capsules. 26474106 10 46 theme mucous 1535:1540 arg1 glands 1542:1547 serous and mucous glands 1524:1547 serous and mucous glands 1524:1547 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 1 47 theme gland 155:159 arg1 morphology 114:123 morphology 114:123 morphology 114:123 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 47 theme gland 155:159 arg1 histology 129:137 histology 129:137 histology 129:137 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 6 48 theme strong 784:789 arg1 reaction 791:798 a strong reaction 782:798 a strong reaction 782:798 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 12 49 theme sperm 1875:1879 arg1 storage 1881:1887 sperm storage 1875:1887 sperm storage 1875:1887 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 7 50 theme papillary 957:965 arg1 zone 967:970 the papillary zone 953:970 the papillary zone 953:970 The secretory material produced by the papillary zone varied greatly between the two species. 26474106 3 51 theme similar 498:504 arg1 organization 515:526 a similar internal organization 496:526 a similar internal organization 496:526 Microscopic analysis showed a similar internal organization in both species. 26474106 12 52 theme recent 1738:1743 arg1 mating 1745:1750 a recent mating 1736:1750 a recent mating 1736:1750 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 11 53 theme different 1593:1601 arg1 substrates 1603:1612 the different substrates 1589:1612 the different substrates in which they release the egg capsules 1589:1651 This difference probably is related to the different substrates in which they release the egg capsules. 26474106 12 54 theme long-nosed 1843:1852 arg1 skate 1854:1858 the long-nosed skate 1839:1858 the long-nosed skate 1839:1858 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 9 55 theme conspicuous 1295:1305 arg1 zone 1277:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 9 55 theme conspicuous 1295:1305 arg1 segment 1321:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment 1286:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs 1286:1338 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 6 56 theme blue 841:844 arg1 stains 851:856 Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains 803:856 Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains 803:856 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 2 57 theme Rajidae 459:465 arg1 members 444:450 other members 438:450 other members of the Rajidae 438:465 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 2 58 with similar 369:375 arg1 extensions 407:416 lateral extensions 399:416 lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae 399:465 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 9 59 theme extensive 1311:1319 arg1 zone 1277:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 9 59 theme extensive 1311:1319 arg1 segment 1321:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment 1286:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs 1286:1338 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 12 60 theme terminal 1822:1829 arg1 zone 1831:1834 the terminal zone 1818:1834 the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate 1818:1858 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 6 61 theme acid 905:908 arg1 mucins 910:915 neutral and sulfated acid mucins 884:915 neutral and sulfated acid mucins 884:915 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 12 62 located detected 1671:1678 arg1 lamellae 1704:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 12 62 located detected 1671:1678 arg2 sperm 1665:1669 Individual sperm 1654:1669 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae 1654:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 12 62 located detected 1671:1678 arg2 result 1726:1731 the result 1722:1731 the result of a recent mating 1722:1750 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 5 63 from increase 680:687 arg1 production 696:705 the production 692:705 the production of secretory materials 692:728 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 9 64 theme OGs 1336:1338 arg1 zone 1277:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone 1266:1280 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 9 64 theme OGs 1336:1338 arg1 segment 1321:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment 1286:1327 the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs 1286:1338 The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. 26474106 12 65 theme baffle 1804:1809 arg1 recesses 1788:1795 the deep recesses 1779:1795 the deep recesses of the baffle 1779:1809 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 2 66 from species 385:391 arg1 similar 369:375 similar 369:375 similar 369:375 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 2 66 from species 385:391 arg1 morphology 341:350 The external morphology 328:350 The external morphology of the gland 328:363 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 5 67 theme largest 656:662 arg1 width 664:668 the largest width 652:668 the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials 652:728 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 1 68 theme reproductive 288:299 arg1 strategy 301:308 the reproductive strategy 284:308 the reproductive strategy 284:308 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 8 69 theme tubules 1177:1183 arg1 row 1170:1172 the last row 1161:1172 the last row of tubules of the brown ray 1161:1200 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 5 70 theme due 670:672 arg1 width 664:668 the largest width 652:668 the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials 652:728 On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. 26474106 2 71 theme other 438:442 arg1 members 444:450 other members 438:450 other members of the Rajidae 438:465 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 1 72 theme brown 173:177 arg1 miraletus 189:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 72 theme brown 173:177 arg1 ray 179:181 the brown ray 169:181 the brown ray (Raja miraletus) 169:198 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 2 73 theme external 332:339 arg1 similar 369:375 similar 369:375 similar 369:375 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 2 73 theme external 332:339 arg1 morphology 341:350 The external morphology 328:350 The external morphology of the gland 328:363 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 0 74 theme gland 9:13 arg1 microstructure 15:28 Oviducal gland microstructure 0:28 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 0:97 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 1 75 theme species 319:325 arg1 role 276:279 its functional role 261:279 its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species 261:325 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 12 76 theme ray 1693:1695 arg1 lamellae 1704:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 the brown ray baffle lamellae 1683:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 8 77 theme ray 1198:1200 arg1 tubules 1177:1183 tubules 1177:1183 tubules of the brown ray 1177:1200 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 10 78 theme hair 1431:1434 arg1 filaments 1436:1444 hair filaments 1431:1444 hair filaments 1431:1444 The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. 26474106 1 79 theme Dipturus 226:233 arg1 oxyrinchus 235:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 Dipturus oxyrinchus 226:244 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 79 theme Dipturus 226:233 arg1 skate 219:223 the long-nosed skate 204:223 the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) 204:245 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 12 80 theme Individual 1654:1663 arg1 sperm 1665:1669 Individual sperm 1654:1669 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae 1654:1711 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 12 80 theme Individual 1654:1663 arg1 result 1726:1731 the result 1722:1731 the result of a recent mating 1722:1750 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 8 81 dep oxyrinchus 1096:1105 arg1 region 1111:1116 the region 1107:1116 the region near the lumen 1107:1131 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 8 81 dep oxyrinchus 1096:1105 arg1 PAS+ 1147:1150 PAS+ 1147:1150 PAS+ 1147:1150 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26474106 2 82 theme gland 359:363 arg1 similar 369:375 similar 369:375 similar 369:375 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 2 82 theme gland 359:363 arg1 morphology 341:350 The external morphology 328:350 The external morphology of the gland 328:363 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 0 83 theme miraletus 38:46 arg1 microstructure 15:28 Oviducal gland microstructure 0:28 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 0:97 Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). 26474106 6 84 theme gland 769:773 arg1 zone 757:760 the club zone 748:760 the club zone of the gland 748:773 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 2 85 theme lateral 399:405 arg1 extensions 407:416 lateral extensions 399:416 lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae 399:465 The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. 26474106 1 86 from role 276:279 arg1 strategy 301:308 the reproductive strategy 284:308 the reproductive strategy 284:308 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 12 87 theme deep 1783:1786 arg1 recesses 1788:1795 the deep recesses 1779:1795 the deep recesses of the baffle 1779:1809 Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long-nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. 26474106 1 88 theme functional 265:274 arg1 role 276:279 its functional role 261:279 its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species 261:325 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 6 89 theme club 752:755 arg1 zone 757:760 the club zone 748:760 the club zone of the gland 748:773 In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. 26474106 1 90 theme Raja 184:187 arg1 miraletus 189:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 Raja miraletus 184:197 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 1 90 theme Raja 184:187 arg1 ray 179:181 the brown ray 169:181 the brown ray (Raja miraletus) 169:198 We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long-nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. 26474106 4 91 theme developing 558:567 arg1 glands 569:574 developing glands 558:574 developing glands 558:574 Immature and developing glands did not react to histochemical techniques. 26474106 8 92 theme mucins 1258:1263 arg1 mixture 1226:1232 a mixture 1224:1232 a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins 1224:1263 Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. 26554573 0 0 theme Organophosphate 124:138 arg1 Pesticides 140:149 Organophosphate Pesticides 124:149 Organophosphate Pesticides 124:149 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 5 1 with malathion 1020:1028 arg1 curve 1059:1063 a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb 1045:1098 curve 1059:1063 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 1 with malathion 1020:1028 arg1 ppb 1096:1098 500 ppb 1092:1098 500 ppb 1092:1098 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 1 with malathion 1020:1028 arg1 nM 1108:1109 1513.5 nM 1101:1109 1513.5 nM 1101:1109 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 2 theme PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs 895:911 arg1 biosensor 929:937 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 891:937 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 891:937 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 7 3 dep samples 1347:1353 arg1 samples 1347:1353 OPs-contaminated real samples 1325:1353 OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) 1325:1372 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 3 dep samples 1347:1353 arg1 apple 1367:1371 apple 1367:1371 apple 1367:1371 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 3 dep samples 1347:1353 arg1 carrot 1356:1361 carrot 1356:1361 carrot 1356:1361 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 4 theme excellent 1401:1409 arg1 recovery 1420:1427 excellent response recovery 1401:1427 excellent response recovery 1401:1427 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 6 5 theme metal 1237:1241 arg1 ions 1243:1246 metal ions 1237:1246 metal ions 1237:1246 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 8 6 theme environmental 1572:1584 arg1 safety 1586:1591 food and environmental safety 1563:1591 food and environmental safety 1563:1591 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 7 7 theme response 1411:1418 arg1 recovery 1420:1427 excellent response recovery 1401:1427 excellent response recovery 1401:1427 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 8 theme real 1342:1345 arg1 samples 1347:1353 OPs-contaminated real samples 1325:1353 OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) 1325:1372 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 8 theme real 1342:1345 arg1 apple 1367:1371 apple 1367:1371 apple 1367:1371 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 8 theme real 1342:1345 arg1 carrot 1356:1361 carrot 1356:1361 carrot 1356:1361 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 0 9 theme Pesticides 140:149 arg1 Detection 111:119 the Ultrasensitive Detection 92:119 the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides 92:149 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 2 10 from interest 371:378 arg1 detection 413:421 their sensitive and selective detection 383:421 their sensitive and selective detection 383:421 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 2 11 theme increasing 312:321 arg1 occurrence 323:332 their increasing occurrence 306:332 their increasing occurrence in the environment 306:351 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 5 12 theme parathion 985:993 arg1 ppt 961:963 50 ppt 958:963 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively 958:1159 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 12 theme parathion 985:993 arg1 nM 971:972 0.19 nM 966:972 0.19 nM 966:972 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 8 13 theme sensitive 1452:1460 arg1 biosensor 1510:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 4 14 used used 773:776 arg2 it 766:767 it 766:767 it 766:767 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 3 15 theme esterase-chitosan/gold 470:491 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 5 16 dep curve 1059:1063 arg1 ppb 1075:1077 up to 200 ppb 1065:1077 up to 200 ppb (760 nM) 1065:1086 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 16 dep curve 1059:1063 arg1 nM 1084:1085 760 nM 1080:1085 760 nM 1080:1085 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 8 17 theme reliable 1467:1474 arg1 biosensor 1510:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 6 18 theme common 1214:1219 arg1 ions 1259:1262 inorganic ions 1249:1262 inorganic ions 1249:1262 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 6 18 theme common 1214:1219 arg1 acid 1285:1288 citric acid 1278:1288 citric acid 1278:1288 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 6 18 theme common 1214:1219 arg1 species 1221:1227 common species 1214:1227 common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid 1214:1288 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 6 18 theme common 1214:1219 arg1 glucose 1265:1271 glucose 1265:1271 glucose 1265:1271 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 6 18 theme common 1214:1219 arg1 ions 1243:1246 metal ions 1237:1246 metal ions 1237:1246 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 3 19 theme malathion 608:616 arg1 detection 574:582 the sensitive detection 560:582 the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 560:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 3 20 theme nanoparticles-graphene 493:514 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 0 21 theme Esterase-Chitosan/Gold 6:27 arg1 Biosensor 78:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor 0:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 0:150 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 8 22 theme OPs 1545:1547 arg1 detection 1549:1557 OPs detection 1545:1557 OPs detection 1545:1557 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 3 23 theme cost-effective 449:462 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 0 24 theme Plant 0:4 arg1 Biosensor 78:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor 0:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 0:150 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 4 25 theme plant 631:635 arg1 esterase 637:644 Highly pure plant esterase 619:644 Highly pure plant esterase 619:644 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 4 26 theme PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs 789:805 arg1 nanocomposites 807:820 PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites 789:820 PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites 789:820 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 2 27 from neurotoxicity 278:290 arg1 environment 341:351 the environment 337:351 the environment 337:351 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 2 27 from neurotoxicity 278:290 arg1 humans 295:300 humans 295:300 humans 295:300 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 3 28 theme plant 464:468 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 0 29 theme Nanosheet 52:60 arg1 Biosensor 78:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor 0:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 0:150 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 4 30 theme pure 626:629 arg1 esterase 637:644 Highly pure plant esterase 619:644 Highly pure plant esterase 619:644 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 6 31 theme citric 1278:1283 arg1 acid 1285:1288 citric acid 1278:1288 citric acid 1278:1288 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 5 32 theme ppb 1003:1005 arg1 ppt 961:963 50 ppt 958:963 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively 958:1159 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 32 theme ppb 1003:1005 arg1 nM 971:972 0.19 nM 966:972 0.19 nM 966:972 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 3 33 theme PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs 527:543 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 0 34 theme Nanoparticles-Graphene 29:50 arg1 Biosensor 78:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor 0:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 0:150 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 1 35 theme broad-spectrum 155:168 arg1 organophosphates 182:197 organophosphates 182:197 organophosphates (OPs) 182:203 As broad-spectrum pesticides, organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture all over the world. 26554573 1 35 theme broad-spectrum 155:168 arg1 pesticides 170:179 broad-spectrum pesticides 155:179 broad-spectrum pesticides 155:179 As broad-spectrum pesticides, organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture all over the world. 26554573 5 36 theme composite-based 913:927 arg1 biosensor 929:937 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 891:937 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 891:937 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 2 37 theme selective 403:411 arg1 detection 413:421 their sensitive and selective detection 383:421 their sensitive and selective detection 383:421 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 3 38 theme nanosheet 516:524 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 0 39 theme Composite-Based 62:76 arg1 Biosensor 78:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor 0:86 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 0:150 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 3 40 theme new 445:447 arg1 biosensor 546:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor 443:554 a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 443:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 4 41 theme inhibition 702:711 arg1 mechanism 713:721 the same inhibition mechanism 693:721 the same inhibition mechanism 693:721 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 8 42 theme great 1526:1530 arg1 potential 1532:1540 great potential 1526:1540 great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety 1526:1591 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 8 43 theme simple 1444:1449 arg1 biosensor 1510:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 5 44 theme methyl 1116:1121 arg1 parathion 1123:1131 methyl parathion 1116:1131 methyl parathion 1116:1131 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 45 theme calibration 1047:1057 arg1 curve 1059:1063 a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb 1045:1098 curve 1059:1063 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 45 theme calibration 1047:1057 arg1 nM 1108:1109 1513.5 nM 1101:1109 1513.5 nM 1101:1109 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 3 46 theme sensitive 564:572 arg1 detection 574:582 the sensitive detection 560:582 the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 560:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 5 47 theme = 1035:1035 arg1 S/N 1031:1033 S/N = 3 1031:1037 S/N = 3 1031:1037 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 47 theme = 1035:1035 arg1 malathion 1020:1028 malathion 1020:1028 malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively 1020:1159 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 6 48 theme inorganic 1249:1257 arg1 ions 1259:1262 inorganic ions 1249:1262 inorganic ions 1249:1262 There is also no interference observed from most of common species such as metal ions, inorganic ions, glucose, and citric acid. 26554573 5 49 theme malathion 1020:1028 arg1 ppb 1003:1005 0.5 ppb 999:1005 0.5 ppb 999:1005 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 49 theme malathion 1020:1028 arg1 nM 1013:1014 1.51 nM 1008:1014 1.51 nM 1008:1014 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 49 theme malathion 1020:1028 arg1 parathion 985:993 methyl parathion 978:993 methyl parathion 978:993 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 8 50 from potential 1532:1540 arg1 detection 1549:1557 OPs detection 1545:1557 OPs detection 1545:1557 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 5 51 theme methyl 978:983 arg1 nM 1013:1014 1.51 nM 1008:1014 1.51 nM 1008:1014 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 5 51 theme methyl 978:983 arg1 parathion 985:993 methyl parathion 978:993 methyl parathion 978:993 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 7 52 theme OPs-contaminated 1325:1340 arg1 samples 1347:1353 OPs-contaminated real samples 1325:1353 OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) 1325:1372 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 52 theme OPs-contaminated 1325:1340 arg1 apple 1367:1371 apple 1367:1371 apple 1367:1371 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 7 52 theme OPs-contaminated 1325:1340 arg1 carrot 1356:1361 carrot 1356:1361 carrot 1356:1361 In addition, its applicability to OPs-contaminated real samples (carrot and apple) was also demonstrated with excellent response recovery. 26554573 2 53 theme sensitive 389:397 arg1 detection 413:421 their sensitive and selective detection 383:421 their sensitive and selective detection 383:421 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 2 54 from occurrence 323:332 arg1 environment 341:351 the environment 337:351 the environment 337:351 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 2 54 from occurrence 323:332 arg1 humans 295:300 humans 295:300 humans 295:300 However, due to their neurotoxicity in humans and their increasing occurrence in the environment, there is growing interest in their sensitive and selective detection. 26554573 4 55 theme low 673:675 arg1 cost 677:680 low cost 673:680 low cost 673:680 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 4 56 theme same 697:700 arg1 mechanism 713:721 the same inhibition mechanism 693:721 the same inhibition mechanism 693:721 Highly pure plant esterase is produced from plants at low cost and shares the same inhibition mechanism with OPs as acetylcholinesterase, and then it was used to prepare PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs nanocomposites, which were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis. 26554573 3 57 theme methyl 587:592 arg1 parathion 594:602 methyl parathion 587:602 methyl parathion 587:602 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 5 58 dep 200 1071:1073 arg1 to 1068:1069 to 1068:1069 to 1068:1069 The PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor measured as low as 50 ppt (0.19 nM) of methyl parathion and 0.5 ppb (1.51 nM) of malathion (S/N = 3) with a calibration curve up to 200 ppb (760 nM) and 500 ppb (1513.5 nM) for methyl parathion and malathion, respectively. 26554573 0 59 theme Ultrasensitive 96:109 arg1 Detection 111:119 the Ultrasensitive Detection 92:119 the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides 92:149 Plant Esterase-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheet Composite-Based Biosensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. 26554573 8 60 theme developed 1434:1442 arg1 biosensor 1510:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor 1430:1518 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 1 61 used used 216:219 arg2 pesticides 170:179 broad-spectrum pesticides 155:179 broad-spectrum pesticides 155:179 As broad-spectrum pesticides, organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture all over the world. 26554573 1 61 used used 216:219 arg2 OPs 200:202 OPs 200:202 OPs 200:202 As broad-spectrum pesticides, organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture all over the world. 26554573 1 61 used used 216:219 arg2 organophosphates 182:197 organophosphates 182:197 organophosphates (OPs) 182:203 As broad-spectrum pesticides, organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture all over the world. 26554573 8 62 dep simple 1444:1449 arg1 PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs 1476:1492 PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs 1476:1492 PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs 1476:1492 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 8 62 dep simple 1444:1449 arg1 composite-based 1494:1508 composite-based 1494:1508 composite-based 1494:1508 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 26554573 3 63 theme parathion 594:602 arg1 detection 574:582 the sensitive detection 560:582 the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion 560:616 This paper reports a new cost-effective plant esterase-chitosan/gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet (PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs) biosensor for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion and malathion. 26554573 8 64 theme food 1563:1566 arg1 safety 1586:1591 food and environmental safety 1563:1591 food and environmental safety 1563:1591 The developed simple, sensitive, and reliable PLaE-CS/AuNPs-GNs composite-based biosensor holds great potential in OPs detection for food and environmental safety. 28120014 6 0 theme Cel6D 852:856 arg1 derivatives 837:847 truncated derivatives 827:847 truncated derivatives of Cel6D 827:856 A series of truncated derivatives of Cel6D have been constructed and characterized. 28120014 2 1 theme domain 330:335 arg1 repeat 337:342 a fibronectin III-like domain repeat 307:342 a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) 307:351 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 1 theme domain 330:335 arg1 Fn31,2 345:350 Fn31,2 345:350 Fn31,2 345:350 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 6 2 theme derivatives 837:847 arg1 series 817:822 A series 815:822 A series of truncated derivatives of Cel6D 815:856 A series of truncated derivatives of Cel6D have been constructed and characterized. 28120014 11 3 theme good 1629:1632 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 1602:1618 The characterized cellobiohydrolase 1584:1618 The characterized cellobiohydrolase 1584:1618 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 11 3 theme good 1629:1632 arg1 contribution 1634:1645 a good contribution 1627:1645 a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose 1627:1738 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 9 4 theme residues 1344:1351 arg1 role 1330:1333 the important role 1316:1333 the important role of these residues in catalysis 1316:1364 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes indicates the important role of these residues in catalysis. 28120014 4 5 theme action 620:625 arg1 mode 612:615 mode 612:615 mode of action of Cel6D 612:634 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D shows that it releases cellobiose as the only hydrolysis product from cellulose. 28120014 10 6 theme synergistic 1486:1496 arg1 activity 1498:1505 high synergistic activity 1481:1505 high synergistic activity 1481:1505 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 7 7 theme isolated 1028:1035 arg1 domain 1041:1046 the isolated GH6 domain 1024:1046 the isolated GH6 domain 1024:1046 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 7 7 theme isolated 1028:1035 arg1 active 1056:1061 active 1056:1061 active 1056:1061 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 2 8 theme glycosyl 267:274 arg1 GH6 288:290 GH6 288:290 GH6 288:290 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 8 theme glycosyl 267:274 arg1 hydrolases 276:285 glycosyl hydrolases 267:285 glycosyl hydrolases (GH6) 267:291 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 4 9 theme Cel6D 630:634 arg1 action 620:625 action 620:625 action of Cel6D 620:634 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D shows that it releases cellobiose as the only hydrolysis product from cellulose. 28120014 1 10 theme family 201:206 arg1 hydrolases 187:196 glycosyl hydrolases 178:196 glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 178:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 8 11 theme putative 1192:1199 arg1 catalyst 1206:1213 the putative acid catalyst 1188:1213 the putative acid catalyst 1188:1213 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 10 12 theme endoglucanase 1523:1535 arg1 Cel9B 1537:1541 processive endoglucanase Cel9B 1512:1541 processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates 1512:1581 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 4 13 theme mode 612:615 arg1 Analysis 600:607 Analysis 600:607 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D 600:634 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D shows that it releases cellobiose as the only hydrolysis product from cellulose. 28120014 10 14 theme substrates 1572:1581 arg1 hydrolysis 1546:1555 hydrolysis 1546:1555 hydrolysis of crystalline substrates 1546:1581 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 7 15 theme domain 994:999 arg1 deletion 974:981 deletion 974:981 deletion of the Fn3 domain 974:999 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 2 16 theme catalytic 237:245 arg1 domain 247:252 an N-terminal catalytic domain 223:252 an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)) 223:292 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 5 17 theme V 795:795 arg1 max 797:799 a V max 793:799 a V max of 1.73 U/mg 793:812 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 3 18 theme phosphoric 558:567 arg1 PASC 593:596 PASC 593:596 PASC 593:596 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 3 18 theme phosphoric 558:567 arg1 cellulose 582:590 phosphoric acid swollen cellulose 558:590 phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) 558:597 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 4 19 theme only 677:680 arg1 product 693:699 the only hydrolysis product 673:699 the only hydrolysis product from cellulose 673:714 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D shows that it releases cellobiose as the only hydrolysis product from cellulose. 28120014 11 20 theme native 1723:1728 arg1 cellulose 1730:1738 native cellulose 1723:1738 native cellulose 1723:1738 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 7 21 theme notable 926:932 arg1 reduction 934:942 a notable reduction 924:942 a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity 924:965 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 5 22 theme Kinetic 717:723 arg1 parameters 725:734 Kinetic parameters 717:734 Kinetic parameters 717:734 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 1 23 theme molecular 149:157 arg1 architecture 159:170 a novel molecular architecture 141:170 a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 141:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 2 24 theme C-terminal 359:368 arg1 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 24 theme C-terminal 359:368 arg1 domain 398:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain 357:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b) 357:411 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 4 25 from cellulose 706:714 arg1 product 693:699 the only hydrolysis product 673:699 the only hydrolysis product from cellulose 673:714 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D shows that it releases cellobiose as the only hydrolysis product from cellulose. 28120014 10 26 with Analysis 1367:1374 arg1 cellulases 1414:1423 cellulases 1414:1423 cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1414:1471 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 10 27 theme cooperative 1379:1389 arg1 activity 1391:1398 cooperative activity 1379:1398 cooperative activity of Cel6D 1379:1407 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 5 28 theme K 770:770 arg1 m 772:772 a K m 768:772 a K m of 68.73 mg/ml 768:787 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 1 29 with cellobiohydrolase 118:134 arg1 architecture 159:170 a novel molecular architecture 141:170 a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 141:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 0 30 theme GH6 12:14 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 16:32 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase 0:32 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure 0:63 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure. 28120014 10 31 from strain 1466:1471 arg1 cellulases 1414:1423 cellulases 1414:1423 cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1414:1471 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 11 32 theme cellulosic 1671:1680 arg1 substrates 1682:1691 cellulosic substrates 1671:1691 cellulosic substrates 1671:1691 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 2 33 theme 3b 377:378 arg1 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 33 theme 3b 377:378 arg1 domain 398:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain 357:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b) 357:411 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 9 34 theme activity 1275:1282 arg1 lack 1267:1270 The lack 1263:1270 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes 1263:1304 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes indicates the important role of these residues in catalysis. 28120014 10 35 theme P. 1449:1450 arg1 strain 1466:1471 the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1430:1471 the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1430:1471 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 2 36 theme III-like 321:328 arg1 repeat 337:342 a fibronectin III-like domain repeat 307:342 a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) 307:351 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 36 theme III-like 321:328 arg1 Fn31,2 345:350 Fn31,2 345:350 Fn31,2 345:350 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 0 37 theme novel 41:45 arg1 structure 55:63 a novel modular structure 39:63 a novel modular structure 39:63 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure. 28120014 10 38 theme same 1434:1437 arg1 strain 1466:1471 the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1430:1471 the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1430:1471 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 9 39 theme enzymes 1298:1304 arg1 activity 1275:1282 activity 1275:1282 activity of the mutant enzymes 1275:1304 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes indicates the important role of these residues in catalysis. 28120014 10 40 theme high 1481:1484 arg1 activity 1498:1505 high synergistic activity 1481:1505 high synergistic activity 1481:1505 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 1 41 from barcinonensis 91:103 arg1 Cel6D 66:70 Cel6D 66:70 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis 66:103 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 1 41 from barcinonensis 91:103 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 118:134 a modular cellobiohydrolase 108:134 a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 108:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 10 42 from Cel9B 1537:1541 arg1 hydrolysis 1546:1555 hydrolysis 1546:1555 hydrolysis of crystalline substrates 1546:1581 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 3 43 theme catalytic 466:474 arg1 activity 476:483 catalytic activity 466:483 catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins 466:526 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 10 44 theme processive 1512:1521 arg1 endoglucanase 1523:1535 processive endoglucanase 1512:1535 processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates 1512:1581 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 11 45 theme characterized 1588:1600 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 1602:1618 The characterized cellobiohydrolase 1584:1618 The characterized cellobiohydrolase 1584:1618 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 11 45 theme characterized 1588:1600 arg1 contribution 1634:1645 a good contribution 1627:1645 a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose 1627:1738 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 7 46 theme GH6 1037:1039 arg1 domain 1041:1046 the isolated GH6 domain 1024:1046 the isolated GH6 domain 1024:1046 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 7 46 theme GH6 1037:1039 arg1 active 1056:1061 active 1056:1061 active 1056:1061 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 3 47 from activity 476:483 arg1 cellodextrins 514:526 cellodextrins 514:526 cellodextrins 514:526 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 3 47 from activity 476:483 arg1 substrates 499:508 cellulosic substrates 488:508 cellulosic substrates 488:508 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 6 48 theme truncated 827:835 arg1 derivatives 837:847 truncated derivatives 827:847 truncated derivatives of Cel6D 827:856 A series of truncated derivatives of Cel6D have been constructed and characterized. 28120014 2 49 theme hydrolases 276:285 arg1 family 255:260 family 6 255:262 family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6) 255:291 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 1 50 theme glycosyl 178:185 arg1 hydrolases 187:196 glycosyl hydrolases 178:196 glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 178:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 3 51 theme marked 536:541 arg1 preference 543:552 a marked preference 534:552 a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) 534:597 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 5 52 theme 1.73 U/mg 804:812 arg1 m 772:772 a K m 768:772 a K m of 68.73 mg/ml 768:787 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 5 52 theme 1.73 U/mg 804:812 arg1 max 797:799 a V max 793:799 a V max of 1.73 U/mg 793:812 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 8 53 theme Mutant 1096:1101 arg1 Cel6D-D146A 1111:1121 Cel6D-D146A 1111:1121 Cel6D-D146A 1111:1121 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 8 53 theme Mutant 1096:1101 arg1 enzymes 1103:1109 Mutant enzymes 1096:1109 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A 1096:1136 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 8 53 theme Mutant 1096:1101 arg1 Cel6D-D97A 1127:1136 Cel6D-D97A 1127:1136 Cel6D-D97A 1127:1136 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 7 54 from reduction 934:942 arg1 activity 958:965 hydrolytic activity 947:965 hydrolytic activity 947:965 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 5 55 theme 68.73 mg/ml 777:787 arg1 m 772:772 a K m 768:772 a K m of 68.73 mg/ml 768:787 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 5 55 theme 68.73 mg/ml 777:787 arg1 max 797:799 a V max 793:799 a V max of 1.73 U/mg 793:812 Kinetic parameters were determined on PASC showing a K m of 68.73 mg/ml and a V max of 1.73 U/mg. 28120014 7 56 theme Fn3 990:992 arg1 domain 994:999 the Fn3 domain 986:999 the Fn3 domain 986:999 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 3 57 theme acid 569:572 arg1 PASC 593:596 PASC 593:596 PASC 593:596 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 3 57 theme acid 569:572 arg1 cellulose 582:590 phosphoric acid swollen cellulose 558:590 phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) 558:597 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 8 58 theme acid 1201:1204 arg1 catalyst 1206:1213 the putative acid catalyst 1188:1213 the putative acid catalyst 1188:1213 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 10 59 theme crystalline 1560:1570 arg1 substrates 1572:1581 crystalline substrates 1560:1581 crystalline substrates 1560:1581 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 2 60 theme N-terminal 226:235 arg1 domain 247:252 an N-terminal catalytic domain 223:252 an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)) 223:292 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 8 61 dep enzymes 1103:1109 arg1 Cel6D-D146A 1111:1121 Cel6D-D146A 1111:1121 Cel6D-D146A 1111:1121 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 8 61 dep enzymes 1103:1109 arg1 enzymes 1103:1109 Mutant enzymes 1096:1109 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A 1096:1136 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 8 61 dep enzymes 1103:1109 arg1 Cel6D-D97A 1127:1136 Cel6D-D97A 1127:1136 Cel6D-D97A 1127:1136 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 1 62 theme modular 110:116 arg1 Cel6D 66:70 Cel6D 66:70 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis 66:103 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 1 62 theme modular 110:116 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 118:134 a modular cellobiohydrolase 108:134 a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 108:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 7 63 theme hydrolytic 947:956 arg1 activity 958:965 hydrolytic activity 947:965 hydrolytic activity 947:965 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 11 64 theme cellulose 1730:1738 arg1 deconstruction 1705:1718 the deconstruction 1701:1718 the deconstruction of native cellulose 1701:1738 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 1 65 theme novel 143:147 arg1 architecture 159:170 a novel molecular architecture 141:170 a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6 141:208 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 10 66 dep P. 1449:1450 arg1 barcinonensis 1452:1464 barcinonensis 1452:1464 barcinonensis 1452:1464 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 8 67 theme nucleophilic 1242:1253 arg1 attack 1255:1260 the nucleophilic attack 1238:1260 the nucleophilic attack 1238:1260 Mutant enzymes Cel6D-D146A and Cel6D-D97A were constructed in the residues corresponding to the putative acid catalyst and to the network for the nucleophilic attack. 28120014 7 68 theme CBM3b 911:915 arg1 Deletion 899:906 Deletion 899:906 Deletion of CBM3b 899:915 Deletion of CBM3b caused a notable reduction in hydrolytic activity, while deletion of the Fn3 domain abolished activity, as the isolated GH6 domain was not active on any of the substrates tested. 28120014 10 69 theme activity 1391:1398 arg1 Analysis 1367:1374 Analysis 1367:1374 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1367:1471 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 0 70 theme bacterial 2:10 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 16:32 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase 0:32 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure 0:63 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure. 28120014 1 71 theme Paenibacillus 77:89 arg1 barcinonensis 91:103 Paenibacillus barcinonensis 77:103 Paenibacillus barcinonensis 77:103 Cel6D from Paenibacillus barcinonensis is a modular cellobiohydrolase with a novel molecular architecture among glycosyl hydrolases of family 6. 28120014 4 72 theme hydrolysis 682:691 arg1 product 693:699 the only hydrolysis product 673:699 the only hydrolysis product from cellulose 673:714 Analysis of mode of action of Cel6D shows that it releases cellobiose as the only hydrolysis product from cellulose. 28120014 2 73 theme cellulose-binding 380:396 arg1 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 73 theme cellulose-binding 380:396 arg1 domain 398:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain 357:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b) 357:411 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 9 74 from role 1330:1333 arg1 catalysis 1356:1364 catalysis 1356:1364 catalysis 1356:1364 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes indicates the important role of these residues in catalysis. 28120014 2 75 dep domain 247:252 arg1 family 255:260 family 6 255:262 family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6) 255:291 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 10 76 theme Cel6D 1403:1407 arg1 activity 1391:1398 cooperative activity 1379:1398 cooperative activity of Cel6D 1379:1407 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 0 77 with cellobiohydrolase 16:32 arg1 structure 55:63 a novel modular structure 39:63 a novel modular structure 39:63 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure. 28120014 2 78 theme family 370:375 arg1 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 CBM3b 406:410 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 78 theme family 370:375 arg1 domain 398:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain 357:403 a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b) 357:411 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 0 79 theme modular 47:53 arg1 structure 55:63 a novel modular structure 39:63 a novel modular structure 39:63 A bacterial GH6 cellobiohydrolase with a novel modular structure. 28120014 10 80 theme producing 1439:1447 arg1 strain 1466:1471 the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1430:1471 the same producing P. barcinonensis strain 1430:1471 Analysis of cooperative activity of Cel6D with cellulases from the same producing P. barcinonensis strain reveals high synergistic activity with processive endoglucanase Cel9B on hydrolysis of crystalline substrates. 28120014 9 81 theme mutant 1291:1296 arg1 enzymes 1298:1304 the mutant enzymes 1287:1304 the mutant enzymes 1287:1304 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes indicates the important role of these residues in catalysis. 28120014 3 82 theme swollen 574:580 arg1 PASC 593:596 PASC 593:596 PASC 593:596 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 3 82 theme swollen 574:580 arg1 cellulose 582:590 phosphoric acid swollen cellulose 558:590 phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) 558:597 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 11 83 theme substrates 1682:1691 arg1 depolymerization 1651:1666 depolymerization 1651:1666 depolymerization of cellulosic substrates 1651:1691 The characterized cellobiohydrolase can be a good contribution for depolymerization of cellulosic substrates and for the deconstruction of native cellulose. 28120014 2 84 contain contains 214:221 arg2 domain 247:252 an N-terminal catalytic domain 223:252 an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)) 223:292 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 2 84 contain contains 214:221 arg1 It 211:212 It 211:212 It 211:212 It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 6 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH6)), followed by a fibronectin III-like domain repeat (Fn31,2) and a C-terminal family 3b cellulose-binding domain (CBM3b). 28120014 3 85 theme cellulosic 488:497 arg1 substrates 499:508 cellulosic substrates 488:508 cellulosic substrates 488:508 The enzyme has been identified and purified showing catalytic activity on cellulosic substrates and cellodextrins, with a marked preference for phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). 28120014 9 86 theme important 1320:1328 arg1 role 1330:1333 the important role 1316:1333 the important role of these residues in catalysis 1316:1364 The lack of activity of the mutant enzymes indicates the important role of these residues in catalysis. 27095096 3 0 theme chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 281:306 arg1 sponges 318:324 chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges 281:324 chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges 281:324 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 5 1 theme AR 1037:1038 arg1 solution 1044:1051 Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution 1024:1051 Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution 1024:1051 The GCSs also manifest high adsorption ability, as effective adsorbent for Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution. 27095096 5 2 theme Acid 1024:1027 arg1 solution 1044:1051 Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution 1024:1051 Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution 1024:1051 The GCSs also manifest high adsorption ability, as effective adsorbent for Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution. 27095096 6 3 theme adsorption 1079:1088 arg1 capacity 1090:1097 adsorption capacity 1079:1097 adsorption capacity 1079:1097 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 3 4 theme different 394:402 arg1 oxide 423:427 graphene oxide 414:427 graphene oxide 414:427 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 4 theme different 394:402 arg1 oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 430:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 430:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 4 theme different 394:402 arg1 amount 404:409 different amount 394:409 different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 394:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 4 5 theme apparent 876:883 arg1 density 885:891 apparent density 876:891 apparent density 876:891 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 6 theme apparent 790:797 arg1 absorption 761:770 water absorption 755:770 water absorption 755:770 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 6 theme apparent 790:797 arg1 density 799:805 apparent density 790:805 apparent density 790:805 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 3 7 from dispersion 672:681 arg1 matrix 708:713 the matrix 704:713 the matrix 704:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 4 8 theme water 755:759 arg1 absorption 761:770 water absorption 755:770 water absorption 755:770 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 8 theme water 755:759 arg1 retention 779:787 water retention 773:787 water retention 773:787 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 8 theme water 755:759 arg1 density 799:805 apparent density 790:805 apparent density 790:805 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 8 theme water 755:759 arg1 porosity 808:815 porosity 808:815 porosity 808:815 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 2 9 dep efficient 191:199 arg1 low-cost 202:209 low-cost 202:209 low-cost 202:209 Therefore, seeking highly efficient, low-cost methods to decontaminate water is very much in demand. 27095096 1 10 theme Water 92:96 arg1 pollution 98:106 Water pollution 92:106 Water pollution 92:106 Water pollution is one of the most pervasive problems afflicting people. 27095096 7 11 theme 421.5 1269:1273 arg1 mg/g 1275:1278 421.5 mg/g 1269:1278 421.5 mg/g 1269:1278 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS could reach 421.5 mg/g. 27095096 4 12 dep 873 870:872 arg1 to 867:868 to 867:868 to 867:868 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 3 13 theme graphene 444:451 arg1 oxide 423:427 graphene oxide 414:427 graphene oxide 414:427 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 13 theme graphene 444:451 arg1 oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 430:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 430:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 6 14 theme adsorbent 1126:1134 arg1 variables 1115:1123 independent variables 1103:1123 independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) 1103:1188 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 14 theme adsorbent 1126:1134 arg1 mass 1136:1139 adsorbent mass 1126:1139 adsorbent mass 1126:1139 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 2 15 from much 250:253 arg1 demand 258:263 demand 258:263 demand 258:263 Therefore, seeking highly efficient, low-cost methods to decontaminate water is very much in demand. 27095096 3 16 dep infrared 629:636 arg1 FTIR 639:642 FTIR 639:642 FTIR 639:642 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 17 theme oxide 423:427 arg1 oxide 423:427 graphene oxide 414:427 graphene oxide 414:427 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 17 theme oxide 423:427 arg1 oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 430:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 430:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 17 theme oxide 423:427 arg1 amount 404:409 different amount 394:409 different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 394:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 18 theme transmission 567:578 arg1 microscopy 549:558 scanning electron microscopy 531:558 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 18 theme transmission 567:578 arg1 TEM 601:603 TEM 601:603 TEM 601:603 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 18 theme transmission 567:578 arg1 microscopy 589:598 transmission electron microscopy 567:598 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 567:604 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 7 19 theme optimal 1207:1213 arg1 value 1235:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value 1203:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS 1203:1255 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS could reach 421.5 mg/g. 27095096 7 20 theme capacity 1226:1233 arg1 value 1235:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value 1203:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS 1203:1255 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS could reach 421.5 mg/g. 27095096 3 21 theme composite 486:494 arg1 GCS 505:507 GCS 505:507 GCS 505:507 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 21 theme composite 486:494 arg1 sponges 496:502 composite sponges 486:502 composite sponges (GCS) 486:508 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 0 22 theme Graphene 0:7 arg1 Sponge 52:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge 0:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective 0:70 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective Adsorbent for Dyes. 27095096 3 23 dep oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 arg1 transform 619:627 transform 619:627 transform 619:627 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 23 dep oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 arg1 characterized 514:526 characterized 514:526 are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 510:604 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 7 24 from value 1235:1239 arg1 GCS 1253:1255 GCS 1253:1255 GCS 1253:1255 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS could reach 421.5 mg/g. 27095096 2 25 from demand 258:263 arg1 much 250:253 much 250:253 much 250:253 Therefore, seeking highly efficient, low-cost methods to decontaminate water is very much in demand. 27095096 2 26 theme efficient 191:199 arg1 methods 211:217 highly efficient, low-cost methods 184:217 highly efficient, low-cost methods 184:217 Therefore, seeking highly efficient, low-cost methods to decontaminate water is very much in demand. 27095096 4 27 dep high 859:862 arg1 % 873:873 up to 873% 864:873 up to 873% 864:873 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 5 28 theme high 972:975 arg1 ability 988:994 high adsorption ability 972:994 high adsorption ability 972:994 The GCSs also manifest high adsorption ability, as effective adsorbent for Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution. 27095096 6 29 theme contacting 1173:1182 arg1 variables 1115:1123 independent variables 1103:1123 independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) 1103:1188 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 29 theme contacting 1173:1182 arg1 time 1184:1187 contacting time 1173:1187 contacting time 1173:1187 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 4 30 dep properties 743:752 arg1 absorption 761:770 water absorption 755:770 water absorption 755:770 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 30 dep properties 743:752 arg1 retention 779:787 water retention 773:787 water retention 773:787 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 30 dep properties 743:752 arg1 density 799:805 apparent density 790:805 apparent density 790:805 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 30 dep properties 743:752 arg1 porosity 808:815 porosity 808:815 porosity 808:815 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 3 31 theme graphene 414:421 arg1 oxide 423:427 graphene oxide 414:427 graphene oxide 414:427 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 31 theme graphene 414:421 arg1 oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 430:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 430:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 32 theme electron 580:587 arg1 microscopy 549:558 scanning electron microscopy 531:558 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 32 theme electron 580:587 arg1 TEM 601:603 TEM 601:603 TEM 601:603 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 32 theme electron 580:587 arg1 microscopy 589:598 transmission electron microscopy 567:598 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 567:604 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 4 33 theme water 773:777 arg1 absorption 761:770 water absorption 755:770 water absorption 755:770 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 4 33 theme water 773:777 arg1 retention 779:787 water retention 773:787 water retention 773:787 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 0 34 theme Effective 62:70 arg1 Sponge 52:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge 0:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective 0:70 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective Adsorbent for Dyes. 27095096 4 35 theme physical 734:741 arg1 properties 743:752 some physical properties 729:752 some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) 729:816 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 3 36 theme graphene 686:693 arg1 oxide 695:699 graphene oxide 686:699 graphene oxide 686:699 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 6 37 theme dye 1150:1152 arg1 variables 1115:1123 independent variables 1103:1123 independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) 1103:1188 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 37 theme dye 1150:1152 arg1 concentration 1154:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 7 38 theme AR 1244:1245 arg1 value 1235:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value 1203:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS 1203:1255 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS could reach 421.5 mg/g. 27095096 3 39 theme reasonable 661:670 arg1 dispersion 672:681 the reasonable dispersion 657:681 the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 657:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 6 40 dep variables 1115:1123 arg1 variables 1115:1123 independent variables 1103:1123 independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) 1103:1188 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 40 dep variables 1115:1123 arg1 time 1184:1187 contacting time 1173:1187 contacting time 1173:1187 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 40 dep variables 1115:1123 arg1 concentration 1154:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 40 dep variables 1115:1123 arg1 mass 1136:1139 adsorbent mass 1126:1139 adsorbent mass 1126:1139 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 3 41 theme resultant 434:442 arg1 oxide 423:427 graphene oxide 414:427 graphene oxide 414:427 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 41 theme resultant 434:442 arg1 oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 453:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol 430:484 the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 430:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 2 42 theme decontaminate 222:234 arg1 water 236:240 decontaminate water 222:240 decontaminate water 222:240 Therefore, seeking highly efficient, low-cost methods to decontaminate water is very much in demand. 27095096 4 43 theme water 839:843 arg1 absorption 845:854 water absorption 839:854 water absorption 839:854 Furthermore, some physical properties (water absorption, water retention, apparent density, porosity) are also determined; water absorption is high up to 873%, apparent density is lower than 0.25 g/cm3, and porosity could reach 78%. 27095096 1 44 theme pervasive 127:135 arg1 problems 137:144 the most pervasive problems 118:144 the most pervasive problems afflicting people 118:162 Water pollution is one of the most pervasive problems afflicting people. 27095096 5 45 theme adsorption 977:986 arg1 ability 988:994 high adsorption ability 972:994 high adsorption ability 972:994 The GCSs also manifest high adsorption ability, as effective adsorbent for Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution. 27095096 3 46 theme composite 308:316 arg1 sponges 318:324 chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges 281:324 chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges 281:324 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 1 47 theme problems 137:144 arg1 problems 137:144 the most pervasive problems 118:144 the most pervasive problems afflicting people 118:162 Water pollution is one of the most pervasive problems afflicting people. 27095096 1 47 theme problems 137:144 arg1 one 111:113 one 111:113 one 111:113 Water pollution is one of the most pervasive problems afflicting people. 27095096 6 48 theme independent 1103:1113 arg1 variables 1115:1123 independent variables 1103:1123 independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) 1103:1188 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 48 theme independent 1103:1113 arg1 time 1184:1187 contacting time 1173:1187 contacting time 1173:1187 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 48 theme independent 1103:1113 arg1 concentration 1154:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 48 theme independent 1103:1113 arg1 mass 1136:1139 adsorbent mass 1126:1139 adsorbent mass 1126:1139 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 3 49 theme oxide 695:699 arg1 dispersion 672:681 the reasonable dispersion 657:681 the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix 657:713 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 6 50 theme initial 1142:1148 arg1 variables 1115:1123 independent variables 1103:1123 independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) 1103:1188 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 6 50 theme initial 1142:1148 arg1 concentration 1154:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 initial dye concentration 1142:1166 The relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, and contacting time) is obtained. 27095096 3 51 theme electron 540:547 arg1 microscopy 549:558 scanning electron microscopy 531:558 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 51 theme electron 540:547 arg1 microscopy 589:598 transmission electron microscopy 567:598 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 567:604 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 51 theme electron 540:547 arg1 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 52 theme scanning 531:538 arg1 microscopy 549:558 scanning electron microscopy 531:558 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 52 theme scanning 531:538 arg1 microscopy 589:598 transmission electron microscopy 567:598 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 567:604 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 52 theme scanning 531:538 arg1 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 3 53 theme cross-linking 353:365 arg1 method 367:372 foamed cross-linking method 346:372 foamed cross-linking method 346:372 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 5 54 theme Red 1029:1031 arg1 solution 1044:1051 Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution 1024:1051 Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution 1024:1051 The GCSs also manifest high adsorption ability, as effective adsorbent for Acid Red 37 (AR 37) solution. 27095096 3 55 theme foamed 346:351 arg1 method 367:372 foamed cross-linking method 346:372 foamed cross-linking method 346:372 In this paper, chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges are synthesized via foamed cross-linking method while incorporating different amount of graphene oxide, the resultant graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl-alcohol composite sponges (GCS) are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), indicating the reasonable dispersion of graphene oxide in the matrix. 27095096 0 56 theme Composite 42:50 arg1 Sponge 52:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge 0:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective 0:70 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective Adsorbent for Dyes. 27095096 7 57 theme adsorption 1215:1224 arg1 value 1235:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value 1203:1239 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS 1203:1255 The optimal adsorption capacity value of AR 37 on GCS could reach 421.5 mg/g. 27095096 0 58 theme Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol 9:40 arg1 Sponge 52:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge 0:57 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective 0:70 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite Sponge as Effective Adsorbent for Dyes. 28467507 2 0 theme great 334:338 arg1 diversity 340:348 great diversity 334:348 great diversity among species 334:362 The genus Nicotiana exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, flowering time, nectar compositions, and predominant pollinators. 28467507 4 1 theme species 843:849 arg1 nectar 820:825 the nectar 816:825 the nectar of all examined species 816:849 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 1 2 theme inorganic 242:250 arg1 ions 252:255 inorganic ions 242:255 inorganic ions 242:255 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 12 3 theme pollinator 1969:1978 arg1 type 1980:1983 pollinator type 1969:1983 pollinator type 1969:1983 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 9 4 theme certain 1626:1632 arg1 pollinators 1634:1644 certain pollinators 1626:1644 certain pollinators 1626:1644 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 7 5 theme sunbird-pollinated 1383:1400 arg1 species 1402:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 6 theme nectar 1296:1301 arg1 volumes 1285:1291 varying volumes 1277:1291 varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1277:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 3 7 theme organic 681:687 arg1 acids 689:693 organic acids 681:693 organic acids 681:693 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 7 8 theme bat- 1375:1378 arg1 species 1402:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 14 9 theme nectar 2144:2149 arg1 sugars 2151:2156 nectar sugars 2144:2156 nectar sugars 2144:2156 In this context, nectar sugars and amino acids are more strongly correlated with the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 11 10 theme higher 1770:1775 arg1 concentrations 1783:1796 higher anion concentrations 1770:1796 higher anion concentrations 1770:1796 Therefore, higher anion concentrations were also associated with pollinator types active at night. 28467507 6 11 theme nocturnal 1211:1219 arg1 species 1221:1227 the nocturnal species 1207:1227 the nocturnal species 1207:1227 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 10 12 theme species 1750:1756 arg1 nectar 1724:1729 nectar 1724:1729 nectar of night-flowering species 1724:1756 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 3 13 dep pollinators 590:600 arg1 bats 631:634 bats 631:634 bats 631:634 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 13 dep pollinators 590:600 arg1 moths 622:626 moths 622:626 moths 622:626 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 13 dep pollinators 590:600 arg1 hummingbirds 608:619 hummingbirds 608:619 hummingbirds 608:619 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 7 14 theme total 1349:1353 arg1 flower 1365:1370 total sugar per flower 1349:1370 total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1349:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 15 theme flower 1365:1370 arg1 flower 1365:1370 total sugar per flower 1349:1370 total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1349:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 15 theme flower 1365:1370 arg1 amounts 1338:1344 about 150-fold higher amounts 1316:1344 about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1316:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 5 16 dep 2-3-fold 959:966 arg1 higher 968:973 higher 968:973 higher 968:973 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 13 17 theme nectar 2079:2084 arg1 composition 2086:2096 nectar composition 2079:2096 nectar composition 2079:2096 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 3 18 theme species 494:500 arg1 samples 470:476 nectar samples 463:476 nectar samples 463:476 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 9 19 theme nitrogen 1613:1620 arg1 nitrogen 1613:1620 organic nitrogen 1605:1620 organic nitrogen for certain pollinators 1605:1644 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 9 19 theme nitrogen 1613:1620 arg1 consequence 1545:1555 a consequence 1543:1555 a consequence 1543:1555 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 9 19 theme nitrogen 1613:1620 arg1 amounts 1594:1600 large amounts 1588:1600 large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators 1588:1644 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 7 20 theme sugar 1355:1359 arg1 flower 1365:1370 total sugar per flower 1349:1370 total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1349:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 13 21 contain have 2053:2056 arg1 types 2047:2051 pollinator types 2036:2051 pollinator types 2036:2051 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 13 21 contain have 2053:2056 arg2 effect 2069:2074 a stronger effect 2058:2074 a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations 2058:2124 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 3 22 theme pollinators 590:600 arg1 plants 548:553 day- and night-flowering plants 523:553 day- and night-flowering plants 523:553 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 22 theme pollinators 590:600 arg1 pollinators 590:600 pollinators 590:600 pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) 590:635 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 22 theme pollinators 590:600 arg1 groups 580:585 attracting different groups 559:585 attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) 559:635 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 23 theme pollinator 732:741 arg1 preferences 743:753 pollinator preferences 732:753 pollinator preferences 732:753 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 0 24 theme organic 134:140 arg1 acids 142:146 organic acids 134:146 organic acids 134:146 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 13 25 theme stronger 2060:2067 arg1 effect 2069:2074 a stronger effect 2058:2074 a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations 2058:2124 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 7 26 theme tobacco 1251:1257 arg1 species 1259:1265 different tobacco species 1241:1265 different tobacco species 1241:1265 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 5 27 theme nectar 879:884 arg1 concentration 858:870 Sugar concentration 852:870 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species 852:909 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 7 28 from flower 1365:1370 arg1 species 1402:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 29 theme higher 1331:1336 arg1 flower 1365:1370 total sugar per flower 1349:1370 total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1349:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 29 theme higher 1331:1336 arg1 amounts 1338:1344 about 150-fold higher amounts 1316:1344 about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1316:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 6 30 theme flower 1185:1190 arg1 length 1197:1202 the flower tube length 1181:1202 the flower tube length in the nocturnal species 1181:1227 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 5 31 theme species 1017:1023 arg1 nectar 991:996 the nectar 987:996 the nectar of night-flowering species 987:1023 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 5 32 theme day-flowering 889:901 arg1 species 903:909 day-flowering species 889:909 day-flowering species 889:909 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 10 33 theme Higher 1647:1652 arg1 concentrations 1654:1667 Higher concentrations 1647:1667 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions 1647:1685 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 10 33 theme Higher 1647:1652 arg1 anions 1702:1707 anions 1702:1707 predominantly anions 1688:1707 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 0 34 theme night-flowering 42:56 arg1 species 68:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 5 35 theme Sugar 852:856 arg1 concentration 858:870 Sugar concentration 852:870 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species 852:909 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 11 36 from night 1851:1855 arg1 active 1841:1846 active 1841:1846 active 1841:1846 Therefore, higher anion concentrations were also associated with pollinator types active at night. 28467507 8 37 theme amino 1498:1502 arg1 acids 1504:1508 total amino acids 1492:1508 total amino acids 1492:1508 This difference was even higher for total amino acids per flower (up to 1000-fold). 28467507 14 38 theme organic 2256:2262 arg1 acids 2264:2268 organic acids 2256:2268 organic acids 2256:2268 In this context, nectar sugars and amino acids are more strongly correlated with the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 10 39 located found 1715:1719 arg2 concentrations 1654:1667 Higher concentrations 1647:1667 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions 1647:1685 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 10 39 located found 1715:1719 arg1 nectar 1724:1729 nectar 1724:1729 nectar of night-flowering species 1724:1756 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 10 39 located found 1715:1719 arg2 anions 1702:1707 anions 1702:1707 predominantly anions 1688:1707 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 5 40 theme acid 936:939 arg1 concentration 941:953 amino acid concentration 930:953 amino acid concentration 930:953 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 2 41 theme predominant 427:437 arg1 pollinators 439:449 predominant pollinators 427:449 predominant pollinators 427:449 The genus Nicotiana exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, flowering time, nectar compositions, and predominant pollinators. 28467507 0 42 from acids 24:28 arg1 species 68:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 14 43 theme pollinators 2239:2249 arg1 preferences 2212:2222 the preferences 2208:2222 the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions 2208:2287 In this context, nectar sugars and amino acids are more strongly correlated with the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 2 44 theme floral 367:372 arg1 morphology 374:383 floral morphology 367:383 floral morphology 367:383 The genus Nicotiana exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, flowering time, nectar compositions, and predominant pollinators. 28467507 0 45 theme Nectar 0:5 arg1 sugars 7:12 Nectar sugars 0:12 Nectar sugars 0:12 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 12 46 theme main 1870:1873 arg1 acid 1883:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 12 46 theme main 1870:1873 arg1 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 2 47 theme nectar 402:407 arg1 compositions 409:420 nectar compositions 402:420 nectar compositions 402:420 The genus Nicotiana exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, flowering time, nectar compositions, and predominant pollinators. 28467507 1 48 theme secondary 261:269 arg1 compounds 271:279 secondary compounds 261:279 secondary compounds 261:279 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 7 49 theme varying 1277:1283 arg1 volumes 1285:1291 varying volumes 1277:1291 varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1277:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 10 50 theme ions 1682:1685 arg1 concentrations 1654:1667 Higher concentrations 1647:1667 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions 1647:1685 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 10 50 theme ions 1682:1685 arg1 anions 1702:1707 anions 1702:1707 predominantly anions 1688:1707 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 0 51 theme day- 33:36 arg1 species 68:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 12 52 from samples 1915:1921 arg1 present 1893:1899 present 1893:1899 present 1893:1899 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 9 53 theme Nicotiana 1563:1571 arg1 species 1573:1579 some Nicotiana species 1558:1579 some Nicotiana species 1558:1579 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 7 54 theme species 1259:1265 arg1 Flowers 1230:1236 Flowers 1230:1236 Flowers of different tobacco species 1230:1265 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 3 55 theme nectar 463:468 arg1 samples 470:476 nectar samples 463:476 nectar samples 463:476 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 7 56 theme different 1241:1249 arg1 species 1259:1265 different tobacco species 1241:1265 different tobacco species 1241:1265 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 13 57 from effect 2069:2074 arg1 composition 2086:2096 nectar composition 2079:2096 nectar composition 2079:2096 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 1 58 contain contains 182:189 arg2 sugars 198:203 sugars 198:203 sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators 198:302 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 1 58 contain contains 182:189 arg1 nectar 175:180 Floral nectar 168:180 Floral nectar 168:180 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 1 58 contain contains 182:189 arg2 acids 220:224 amino acids 214:224 amino acids 214:224 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 4 59 located found 807:811 arg2 sugars 800:805 the only sugars 791:805 the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species 791:849 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 59 located found 807:811 arg2 Glucose 756:762 Glucose 756:762 Glucose 756:762 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 59 located found 807:811 arg1 nectar 820:825 the nectar 816:825 the nectar of all examined species 816:849 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 59 located found 807:811 arg2 sucrose 778:784 sucrose 778:784 sucrose 778:784 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 59 located found 807:811 arg2 fructose 765:772 fructose 765:772 fructose 765:772 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 3 60 theme Nicotiana 484:492 arg1 species 494:500 20 Nicotiana species 481:500 20 Nicotiana species 481:500 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 1 61 theme organic 227:233 arg1 acids 235:239 organic acids 227:239 organic acids 227:239 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 9 62 theme organic 1605:1611 arg1 nitrogen 1613:1620 organic nitrogen 1605:1620 organic nitrogen for certain pollinators 1605:1644 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 3 63 theme amino 668:672 arg1 acids 674:678 amino acids 668:678 amino acids 668:678 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 64 theme day- 523:526 arg1 plants 548:553 day- and night-flowering plants 523:553 day- and night-flowering plants 523:553 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 8 65 dep higher 1481:1486 arg1 1000-fold 1528:1536 1000-fold 1528:1536 1000-fold 1528:1536 This difference was even higher for total amino acids per flower (up to 1000-fold). 28467507 7 66 theme autogamous 1436:1445 arg1 species 1447:1453 bee-pollinated or autogamous species 1418:1453 bee-pollinated or autogamous species 1418:1453 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 4 67 theme examined 834:841 arg1 species 843:849 all examined species 830:849 all examined species 830:849 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 6 68 theme total 1153:1157 arg1 sugar 1159:1163 the total sugar 1149:1163 the total sugar 1149:1163 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 14 69 theme amino 2162:2166 arg1 acids 2168:2172 amino acids 2162:2172 amino acids 2162:2172 In this context, nectar sugars and amino acids are more strongly correlated with the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 3 70 theme inorganic 699:707 arg1 ions 709:712 inorganic ions 699:712 inorganic ions 699:712 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 7 71 theme bee-pollinated 1418:1431 arg1 species 1447:1453 bee-pollinated or autogamous species 1418:1453 bee-pollinated or autogamous species 1418:1453 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 1 72 theme Floral 168:173 arg1 nectar 175:180 Floral nectar 168:180 Floral nectar 168:180 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 8 73 theme total 1492:1496 arg1 acids 1504:1508 total amino acids 1492:1508 total amino acids 1492:1508 This difference was even higher for total amino acids per flower (up to 1000-fold). 28467507 6 74 theme sucrose 1132:1138 arg1 share 1123:1127 the relative share 1110:1127 the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar 1110:1163 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 12 75 located present 1893:1899 arg2 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 12 75 located present 1893:1899 arg1 samples 1915:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 12 75 located present 1893:1899 arg2 acid 1883:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 11 76 theme anion 1777:1781 arg1 concentrations 1783:1796 higher anion concentrations 1770:1796 higher anion concentrations 1770:1796 Therefore, higher anion concentrations were also associated with pollinator types active at night. 28467507 3 77 theme night-flowering 532:546 arg1 plants 548:553 day- and night-flowering plants 523:553 day- and night-flowering plants 523:553 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 78 theme attracting 559:568 arg1 pollinators 590:600 pollinators 590:600 pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) 590:635 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 78 theme attracting 559:568 arg1 groups 580:585 attracting different groups 559:585 attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) 559:635 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 11 79 theme active 1841:1846 arg1 types 1835:1839 pollinator types 1824:1839 pollinator types active at night 1824:1855 Therefore, higher anion concentrations were also associated with pollinator types active at night. 28467507 7 80 contain contained 1267:1275 arg1 species 1447:1453 bee-pollinated or autogamous species 1418:1453 bee-pollinated or autogamous species 1418:1453 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 80 contain contained 1267:1275 arg1 Flowers 1230:1236 Flowers 1230:1236 Flowers of different tobacco species 1230:1265 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 80 contain contained 1267:1275 arg2 Flowers 1230:1236 Flowers 1230:1236 Flowers of different tobacco species 1230:1265 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 80 contain contained 1267:1275 arg2 volumes 1285:1291 varying volumes 1277:1291 varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1277:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 3 81 dep hummingbirds 608:619 arg1 e.g. 603:606 e.g. 603:606 e.g. 603:606 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 7 82 theme per 1361:1363 arg1 flower 1365:1370 total sugar per flower 1349:1370 total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1349:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 13 83 theme phylogenetic 2103:2114 arg1 relations 2116:2124 phylogenetic relations 2103:2124 phylogenetic relations 2103:2124 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 3 84 theme different 570:578 arg1 pollinators 590:600 pollinators 590:600 pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) 590:635 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 3 84 theme different 570:578 arg1 groups 580:585 attracting different groups 559:585 attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) 559:635 We studied nectar samples of 20 Nicotiana species, composed equally of day- and night-flowering plants and attracting different groups of pollinators (e.g. hummingbirds, moths or bats) to investigate whether sugars, amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions are influenced by pollinator preferences. 28467507 12 85 theme nectar 1908:1913 arg1 samples 1915:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 6 86 theme tube 1192:1195 arg1 length 1197:1202 the flower tube length 1181:1202 the flower tube length in the nocturnal species 1181:1227 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 6 87 from length 1197:1202 arg1 species 1221:1227 the nocturnal species 1207:1227 the nocturnal species 1207:1227 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 0 88 theme inorganic 152:160 arg1 ions 162:165 inorganic ions 152:165 inorganic ions 152:165 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 5 89 theme night-flowering 1001:1015 arg1 species 1017:1023 night-flowering species 1001:1023 night-flowering species 1001:1023 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 10 90 theme night-flowering 1734:1748 arg1 species 1750:1756 night-flowering species 1734:1756 night-flowering species 1734:1756 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 12 91 from present 1893:1899 arg1 samples 1915:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 2 92 theme genus 309:313 arg1 Nicotiana 315:323 The genus Nicotiana 305:323 The genus Nicotiana 305:323 The genus Nicotiana exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, flowering time, nectar compositions, and predominant pollinators. 28467507 0 93 theme Nicotiana 58:66 arg1 species 68:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 13 94 theme pollinator 2036:2045 arg1 types 2047:2051 pollinator types 2036:2051 pollinator types 2036:2051 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 7 95 from species 1402:1408 arg1 flower 1365:1370 total sugar per flower 1349:1370 total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1349:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 7 95 from species 1402:1408 arg1 amounts 1338:1344 about 150-fold higher amounts 1316:1344 about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1316:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 0 96 from sugars 7:12 arg1 species 68:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species 33:74 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 14 97 theme inorganic 2274:2282 arg1 ions 2284:2287 inorganic ions 2274:2287 inorganic ions 2274:2287 In this context, nectar sugars and amino acids are more strongly correlated with the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 13 98 theme statistical 2001:2011 arg1 analyses 2013:2020 statistical analyses 2001:2020 statistical analyses 2001:2020 In conclusion, statistical analyses revealed that pollinator types have a stronger effect on nectar composition than phylogenetic relations. 28467507 5 99 theme amino 930:934 arg1 concentration 941:953 amino acid concentration 930:953 amino acid concentration 930:953 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 12 100 theme organic 1875:1881 arg1 acid 1883:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 12 100 theme organic 1875:1881 arg1 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 5 101 theme species 903:909 arg1 nectar 879:884 the nectar 875:884 the nectar of day-flowering species 875:909 Sugar concentration of the nectar of day-flowering species was 20% higher and amino acid concentration was 2-3-fold higher compared to the nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 7 102 from amounts 1338:1344 arg1 species 1402:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 bat- or sunbird-pollinated species 1375:1408 Flowers of different tobacco species contained varying volumes of nectar which led to about 150-fold higher amounts of total sugar per flower in bat- or sunbird-pollinated species than in bee-pollinated or autogamous species. 28467507 6 103 theme sucrose-to-hexose 1030:1046 arg1 ratio 1048:1052 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio 1026:1052 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio 1026:1052 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 6 103 theme sucrose-to-hexose 1030:1046 arg1 higher 1072:1077 higher 1072:1077 higher 1072:1077 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 14 104 theme predominant 2227:2237 arg1 pollinators 2239:2249 predominant pollinators 2227:2249 predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions 2227:2287 In this context, nectar sugars and amino acids are more strongly correlated with the preferences of predominant pollinators than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 12 105 attach present 1893:1899 arg2 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate 1858:1863 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 12 105 attach present 1893:1899 arg1 samples 1915:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 all nectar samples 1904:1921 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 12 105 attach present 1893:1899 arg2 acid 1883:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 the main organic acid 1866:1886 Malate, the main organic acid, was present in all nectar samples but the concentration was not correlated with pollinator type. 28467507 0 106 theme amino 18:22 arg1 acids 24:28 amino acids 18:28 amino acids 18:28 Nectar sugars and amino acids in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana species are more strongly shaped by pollinators' preferences than organic acids and inorganic ions. 28467507 2 107 theme flowering 386:394 arg1 time 396:399 flowering time 386:399 flowering time 386:399 The genus Nicotiana exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, flowering time, nectar compositions, and predominant pollinators. 28467507 6 108 theme relative 1114:1121 arg1 share 1123:1127 the relative share 1110:1127 the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar 1110:1163 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 28467507 4 109 theme only 795:798 arg1 Glucose 756:762 Glucose 756:762 Glucose 756:762 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 109 theme only 795:798 arg1 fructose 765:772 fructose 765:772 fructose 765:772 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 109 theme only 795:798 arg1 sucrose 778:784 sucrose 778:784 sucrose 778:784 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 4 109 theme only 795:798 arg1 sugars 800:805 the only sugars 791:805 the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species 791:849 Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the only sugars found in the nectar of all examined species. 28467507 10 110 theme inorganic 1672:1680 arg1 ions 1682:1685 inorganic ions 1672:1685 inorganic ions 1672:1685 Higher concentrations of inorganic ions, predominantly anions, were found in nectar of night-flowering species. 28467507 11 111 theme pollinator 1824:1833 arg1 types 1835:1839 pollinator types 1824:1839 pollinator types active at night 1824:1855 Therefore, higher anion concentrations were also associated with pollinator types active at night. 28467507 1 112 theme amino 214:218 arg1 acids 220:224 amino acids 214:224 amino acids 214:224 Floral nectar contains mainly sugars but also amino acids, organic acids, inorganic ions and secondary compounds to attract pollinators. 28467507 9 113 theme large 1588:1592 arg1 nitrogen 1613:1620 organic nitrogen 1605:1620 organic nitrogen for certain pollinators 1605:1644 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 9 113 theme large 1588:1592 arg1 consequence 1545:1555 a consequence 1543:1555 a consequence 1543:1555 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 9 113 theme large 1588:1592 arg1 amounts 1594:1600 large amounts 1588:1600 large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators 1588:1644 As a consequence, some Nicotiana species invest large amounts of organic nitrogen for certain pollinators. 28467507 6 114 theme night-flowering 1082:1096 arg1 species 1098:1104 night-flowering species 1082:1104 night-flowering species 1082:1104 The sucrose-to-hexose ratio was significantly higher in night-flowering species and the relative share of sucrose based on the total sugar correlated with the flower tube length in the nocturnal species. 27741154 6 0 theme intervention 875:886 arg1 standard 910:917 standard 910:917 standard 910:917 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 6 0 theme intervention 875:886 arg1 trials 888:893 Human intervention trials 869:893 Human intervention trials 869:893 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 11 1 theme recent 1612:1617 arg1 advances 1619:1626 recent advances 1612:1626 recent advances in in vitro modelling 1612:1648 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 9 2 theme analysis 1364:1371 arg1 terms 1355:1359 terms 1355:1359 terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity 1355:1434 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 2 3 from community 294:302 arg1 potential 259:267 the extensive metabolic potential 235:267 the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community 235:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 3 from community 294:302 arg1 present 278:284 present 278:284 present 278:284 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 4 theme extensive 239:247 arg1 potential 259:267 the extensive metabolic potential 235:267 the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community 235:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 4 theme extensive 239:247 arg1 present 278:284 present 278:284 present 278:284 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 9 5 theme microbial 1391:1399 arg1 composition 1411:1421 the intestinal microbial community composition 1376:1421 the intestinal microbial community composition 1376:1421 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 10 6 theme adult 1582:1586 arg1 GIT 1594:1596 the adult human GIT 1578:1596 the adult human GIT 1578:1596 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 7 7 theme fecal 1036:1040 arg1 samples 1042:1048 fecal samples 1036:1048 fecal samples 1036:1048 Yet, most studies on gut microbiota are based on the analysis of fecal samples because they are easily collected in a non-invasive manner. 27741154 9 8 theme composition 1411:1421 arg1 analysis 1364:1371 analysis 1364:1371 analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity 1364:1434 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 8 9 theme well-designed 1151:1163 arg1 technologies 1185:1196 well-designed in vitro simulation technologies 1151:1196 well-designed in vitro simulation technologies 1151:1196 A complementary option is represented by well-designed in vitro simulation technologies. 27741154 6 10 theme functional 931:940 arg1 properties 942:951 functional properties 931:951 functional properties of food products 931:968 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 11 11 theme immune 1763:1768 arg1 system 1770:1775 the immune system 1759:1775 the immune system 1759:1775 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 9 12 theme activity 1427:1434 arg1 analysis 1364:1371 analysis 1364:1371 analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity 1364:1434 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 2 13 attach present 278:284 arg1 community 294:302 this community 289:302 this community 289:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 13 attach present 278:284 arg2 present 278:284 present 278:284 present 278:284 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 13 attach present 278:284 arg2 potential 259:267 the extensive metabolic potential 235:267 the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community 235:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 0 14 theme Gastrointestinal 110:125 arg1 Tract 127:131 the Gastrointestinal Tract 106:131 the Gastrointestinal Tract 106:131 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 7 15 theme most 976:979 arg1 studies 981:987 most studies 976:987 most studies on gut microbiota 976:1005 Yet, most studies on gut microbiota are based on the analysis of fecal samples because they are easily collected in a non-invasive manner. 27741154 1 16 theme microbial 190:198 arg1 community 200:208 the most complex microbial community 173:208 the most complex microbial community in the human body 173:226 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most complex microbial community in the human body. 27741154 10 17 theme GIT 1594:1596 arg1 physiology 1547:1556 physiology 1547:1556 physiology 1547:1556 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 10 17 theme GIT 1594:1596 arg1 microbiology 1562:1573 microbiology 1562:1573 microbiology 1562:1573 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 9 18 theme available 1213:1221 arg1 systems 1223:1229 all the available systems 1205:1229 all the available systems 1205:1229 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 11 19 theme mucosal 1721:1727 arg1 adhesion 1729:1736 mucosal adhesion 1721:1736 mucosal adhesion 1721:1736 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 7 20 theme gut 992:994 arg1 microbiota 996:1005 gut microbiota 992:1005 gut microbiota 992:1005 Yet, most studies on gut microbiota are based on the analysis of fecal samples because they are easily collected in a non-invasive manner. 27741154 2 21 from present 278:284 arg1 community 294:302 this community 289:302 this community 289:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 22 theme composition/functionality 450:474 arg1 alteration 432:441 an alteration 429:441 an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota 429:496 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 4 23 theme classical 672:680 arg1 use 717:719 the use 713:719 the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics 713:751 A classical approach to reach this goal is the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics. 27741154 4 23 theme classical 672:680 arg1 approach 682:689 A classical approach 670:689 A classical approach to reach this goal 670:708 A classical approach to reach this goal is the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics. 27741154 9 24 theme Human 1249:1253 arg1 Ecosystem 1276:1284 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1249:1284 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1249:1284 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 6 25 theme products 961:968 arg1 properties 942:951 functional properties 931:951 functional properties of food products 931:968 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 4 26 theme prebiotics 724:733 arg1 use 717:719 the use 713:719 the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics 713:751 A classical approach to reach this goal is the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics. 27741154 4 26 theme prebiotics 724:733 arg1 approach 682:689 A classical approach 670:689 A classical approach to reach this goal 670:708 A classical approach to reach this goal is the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics. 27741154 9 27 theme Microbial 1266:1274 arg1 Ecosystem 1276:1284 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1249:1284 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1249:1284 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 2 28 theme microbiota 487:496 arg1 composition/functionality 450:474 the composition/functionality 446:474 the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota 446:496 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 4 29 theme probiotics 742:751 arg1 use 717:719 the use 713:719 the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics 713:751 A classical approach to reach this goal is the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics. 27741154 4 29 theme probiotics 742:751 arg1 approach 682:689 A classical approach 670:689 A classical approach to reach this goal 670:708 A classical approach to reach this goal is the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics. 27741154 5 30 theme potential 771:779 arg1 effect 781:786 the potential effect 767:786 the potential effect of new prebiotics/probiotics 767:815 How to study the potential effect of new prebiotics/probiotics and how to localize this effect along the full GIT? 27741154 10 31 theme Intestinal 1460:1469 arg1 Ecosystem 1481:1489 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1454:1489 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1454:1489 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 2 32 theme several 381:387 arg1 diseases 389:396 several diseases 381:396 several diseases 381:396 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 0 33 theme In 12:13 arg1 Platform 32:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform 0:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform 0:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 2 34 located present 278:284 arg1 community 294:302 this community 289:302 this community 289:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 34 located present 278:284 arg2 present 278:284 present 278:284 present 278:284 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 34 located present 278:284 arg2 potential 259:267 the extensive metabolic potential 235:267 the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community 235:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 0 35 theme Technology 21:30 arg1 Platform 32:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform 0:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform 0:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 11 36 theme scientific 1822:1831 arg1 output 1833:1838 the scientific output 1818:1838 the scientific output 1818:1838 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 10 37 theme Ecosystem 1481:1489 arg1 platform 1521:1528 a scientifically validated platform 1494:1528 a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT 1494:1596 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 10 37 theme Ecosystem 1481:1489 arg1 Simulator 1441:1449 The Simulator 1437:1449 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1437:1489 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 3 38 theme health 655:660 arg1 effect 662:667 a positive health effect 644:667 a positive health effect 644:667 Consequently, there is a great interest in identifying potential approaches that could modulate the microbiota and its metabolism to bring about a positive health effect. 27741154 9 39 theme nutrition 1334:1342 arg1 studies 1344:1350 nutrition studies 1334:1350 nutrition studies 1334:1350 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 0 40 dep In 12:13 arg1 Vitro 15:19 Vitro 15:19 Vitro 15:19 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 11 41 theme bacteria-host 1685:1697 arg1 interactions 1699:1710 bacteria-host interactions 1685:1710 bacteria-host interactions 1685:1710 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 2 42 theme key 333:335 arg1 importance 337:346 key importance 333:346 key importance 333:346 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 10 43 theme validated 1511:1519 arg1 platform 1521:1528 a scientifically validated platform 1494:1528 a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT 1494:1596 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 10 43 theme validated 1511:1519 arg1 Simulator 1441:1449 The Simulator 1437:1449 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1437:1489 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 11 44 theme in 1631:1632 arg1 modelling 1640:1648 in vitro modelling 1631:1648 in vitro modelling 1631:1648 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 6 45 theme Human 869:873 arg1 standard 910:917 standard 910:917 standard 910:917 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 6 45 theme Human 869:873 arg1 trials 888:893 Human intervention trials 869:893 Human intervention trials 869:893 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 5 46 theme full 859:862 arg1 GIT 864:866 the full GIT 855:866 the full GIT 855:866 How to study the potential effect of new prebiotics/probiotics and how to localize this effect along the full GIT? 27741154 2 47 theme additional 310:319 arg1 organ 321:325 this additional organ 305:325 this additional organ 305:325 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 7 48 theme samples 1042:1048 arg1 analysis 1024:1031 the analysis 1020:1031 the analysis of fecal samples 1020:1048 Yet, most studies on gut microbiota are based on the analysis of fecal samples because they are easily collected in a non-invasive manner. 27741154 2 49 theme metabolic 249:257 arg1 potential 259:267 the extensive metabolic potential 235:267 the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community 235:302 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 2 49 theme metabolic 249:257 arg1 present 278:284 present 278:284 present 278:284 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 9 50 theme intestinal 1380:1389 arg1 composition 1411:1421 the intestinal microbial community composition 1376:1421 the intestinal microbial community composition 1376:1421 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 8 51 theme complementary 1112:1124 arg1 option 1126:1131 A complementary option 1110:1131 A complementary option 1110:1131 A complementary option is represented by well-designed in vitro simulation technologies. 27741154 10 52 theme human 1588:1592 arg1 GIT 1594:1596 the adult human GIT 1578:1596 the adult human GIT 1578:1596 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 9 53 theme community 1401:1409 arg1 composition 1411:1421 the intestinal microbial community composition 1376:1421 the intestinal microbial community composition 1376:1421 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 3 54 theme positive 646:653 arg1 effect 662:667 a positive health effect 644:667 a positive health effect 644:667 Consequently, there is a great interest in identifying potential approaches that could modulate the microbiota and its metabolism to bring about a positive health effect. 27741154 10 55 dep physiology 1547:1556 arg1 the 1543:1545 the 1543:1545 the 1543:1545 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 3 56 theme great 524:528 arg1 interest 530:537 a great interest 522:537 a great interest in identifying potential approaches that could modulate the microbiota 522:608 Consequently, there is a great interest in identifying potential approaches that could modulate the microbiota and its metabolism to bring about a positive health effect. 27741154 5 57 theme new 791:793 arg1 prebiotics/probiotics 795:815 new prebiotics/probiotics 791:815 new prebiotics/probiotics 791:815 How to study the potential effect of new prebiotics/probiotics and how to localize this effect along the full GIT? 27741154 1 58 theme complex 182:188 arg1 community 200:208 the most complex microbial community 173:208 the most complex microbial community in the human body 173:226 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most complex microbial community in the human body. 27741154 8 59 theme in 1165:1166 arg1 technologies 1185:1196 well-designed in vitro simulation technologies 1151:1196 well-designed in vitro simulation technologies 1151:1196 A complementary option is represented by well-designed in vitro simulation technologies. 27741154 0 60 from Mechanism 54:62 arg1 Tract 127:131 the Gastrointestinal Tract 106:131 the Gastrointestinal Tract 106:131 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 7 61 from studies 981:987 arg1 microbiota 996:1005 gut microbiota 992:1005 gut microbiota 992:1005 Yet, most studies on gut microbiota are based on the analysis of fecal samples because they are easily collected in a non-invasive manner. 27741154 3 62 theme potential 554:562 arg1 approaches 564:573 potential approaches 554:573 potential approaches that could modulate the microbiota 554:608 Consequently, there is a great interest in identifying potential approaches that could modulate the microbiota and its metabolism to bring about a positive health effect. 27741154 11 63 with interaction 1742:1752 arg1 system 1770:1775 the immune system 1759:1775 the immune system 1759:1775 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 8 64 theme simulation 1174:1183 arg1 technologies 1185:1196 well-designed in vitro simulation technologies 1151:1196 well-designed in vitro simulation technologies 1151:1196 A complementary option is represented by well-designed in vitro simulation technologies. 27741154 1 65 from community 200:208 arg1 body 223:226 the human body 213:226 the human body 213:226 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most complex microbial community in the human body. 27741154 0 66 theme Action 67:72 arg1 Mechanism 54:62 the Mechanism 50:62 the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract 50:131 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 9 67 from model 1324:1328 arg1 terms 1355:1359 terms 1355:1359 terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity 1355:1434 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 11 68 with adhesion 1729:1736 arg1 system 1770:1775 the immune system 1759:1775 the immune system 1759:1775 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 1 69 theme gastrointestinal 138:153 arg1 GIT 162:164 GIT 162:164 GIT 162:164 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most complex microbial community in the human body. 27741154 1 69 theme gastrointestinal 138:153 arg1 tract 155:159 The gastrointestinal tract 134:159 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 134:165 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most complex microbial community in the human body. 27741154 0 70 theme Prebiotics 77:86 arg1 Action 67:72 Action 67:72 Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics 67:101 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 9 71 theme Intestinal 1255:1264 arg1 Ecosystem 1276:1284 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1249:1284 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1249:1284 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 6 72 theme food 956:959 arg1 products 961:968 food products 956:968 food products 956:968 Human intervention trials are the golden standard to validate functional properties of food products. 27741154 0 73 theme Probiotics 92:101 arg1 Action 67:72 Action 67:72 Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics 67:101 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 9 74 theme Ecosystem 1276:1284 arg1 Simulator 1236:1244 the Simulator 1232:1244 the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1232:1284 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 9 74 theme Ecosystem 1276:1284 arg1 model 1324:1328 a useful model 1315:1328 a useful model for nutrition studies 1315:1350 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 5 75 theme prebiotics/probiotics 795:815 arg1 effect 781:786 the potential effect 767:786 the potential effect of new prebiotics/probiotics 767:815 How to study the potential effect of new prebiotics/probiotics and how to localize this effect along the full GIT? 27741154 2 76 theme gut 483:485 arg1 microbiota 487:496 the gut microbiota 479:496 the gut microbiota 479:496 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 0 77 theme Advanced 3:10 arg1 Platform 32:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform 0:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform 0:39 An Advanced In Vitro Technology Platform to Study the Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 27741154 10 78 theme Human 1454:1458 arg1 Ecosystem 1481:1489 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1454:1489 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1454:1489 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 7 79 theme non-invasive 1089:1100 arg1 manner 1102:1107 a non-invasive manner 1087:1107 a non-invasive manner 1087:1107 Yet, most studies on gut microbiota are based on the analysis of fecal samples because they are easily collected in a non-invasive manner. 27741154 11 80 dep in 1631:1632 arg1 vitro 1634:1638 vitro 1634:1638 vitro 1634:1638 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 11 81 from advances 1619:1626 arg1 modelling 1640:1648 in vitro modelling 1631:1648 in vitro modelling 1631:1648 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 8 82 dep in 1165:1166 arg1 vitro 1168:1172 vitro 1168:1172 vitro 1168:1172 A complementary option is represented by well-designed in vitro simulation technologies. 27741154 2 83 theme healthy 362:368 arg1 status 370:375 a healthy status 360:375 a healthy status 360:375 Given the extensive metabolic potential which is present in this community, this additional organ is of key importance to maintain a healthy status and several diseases are frequently correlated with an alteration of the composition/functionality of the gut microbiota. 27741154 9 84 theme useful 1317:1322 arg1 Simulator 1236:1244 the Simulator 1232:1244 the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1232:1284 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 9 84 theme useful 1317:1322 arg1 model 1324:1328 a useful model 1315:1328 a useful model for nutrition studies 1315:1350 Among all the available systems, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem has already been shown to be a useful model for nutrition studies in terms of analysis of the intestinal microbial community composition and activity. 27741154 11 85 theme interactions 1699:1710 arg1 study 1676:1680 the study 1672:1680 the study of bacteria-host interactions 1672:1710 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 11 86 theme output 1833:1838 arg1 value 1809:1813 the value 1805:1813 the value of the scientific output 1805:1838 Furthermore, recent advances in in vitro modelling also allow to combine the study of bacteria-host interactions, such as mucosal adhesion and interaction with the immune system, thereby further increasing the value of the scientific output. 27741154 10 87 theme Microbial 1471:1479 arg1 Ecosystem 1481:1489 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1454:1489 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem 1454:1489 The Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem is a scientifically validated platform representing the physiology and microbiology of the adult human GIT. 27741154 1 88 theme human 217:221 arg1 body 223:226 the human body 213:226 the human body 213:226 The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most complex microbial community in the human body. 28115103 2 0 theme biosorbent 281:290 arg1 dosages 292:298 different biosorbent dosages 271:298 different biosorbent dosages 271:298 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 4 1 theme superior 455:462 arg1 capacity 479:486 superior defluoridation capacity 455:486 superior defluoridation capacity 455:486 PS-Zr was shown superior defluoridation capacity over a pH range of 3.0-9.0. 28115103 2 2 theme different 271:279 arg1 dosages 292:298 different biosorbent dosages 271:298 different biosorbent dosages 271:298 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 0 3 theme metal 90:94 arg1 ions 96:99 common metal ions 83:99 common metal ions 83:99 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 5 4 theme Lagergren 597:605 arg1 model 635:639 the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model 593:639 the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model 593:639 The adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28115103 2 5 from water 251:255 arg1 adsorption 235:244 Fluoride adsorption 226:244 Fluoride adsorption from water 226:255 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 7 6 theme drinking 831:838 arg1 water 840:844 drinking water 831:844 drinking water 831:844 Our results revealed that PS-Zr could be employed as an effective biosorbent for removal of fluoride from drinking water. 28115103 0 7 theme common 83:88 arg1 ions 96:99 common metal ions 83:99 common metal ions 83:99 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 5 8 theme pseudo-second-order 607:625 arg1 model 635:639 the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model 593:639 the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model 593:639 The adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28115103 0 9 from water 45:49 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch 0:69 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 7 10 from water 840:844 arg1 removal 806:812 removal 806:812 removal of fluoride from drinking water 806:844 Our results revealed that PS-Zr could be employed as an effective biosorbent for removal of fluoride from drinking water. 28115103 6 11 theme adsorption 663:672 arg1 25.41mg/g 714:722 25.41mg/g 714:722 25.41mg/g 714:722 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr was 25.41mg/g. 28115103 6 11 theme adsorption 663:672 arg1 capacity 674:681 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity 642:681 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr 642:708 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr was 25.41mg/g. 28115103 2 12 theme solution 316:323 arg1 values 328:333 solution pH values 316:333 solution pH values 316:333 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 5 13 theme Langmuir 565:572 arg1 model 583:587 the Langmuir isotherm model 561:587 the Langmuir isotherm model 561:587 The adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28115103 6 14 theme fluoride 654:661 arg1 25.41mg/g 714:722 25.41mg/g 714:722 25.41mg/g 714:722 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr was 25.41mg/g. 28115103 6 14 theme fluoride 654:661 arg1 capacity 674:681 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity 642:681 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr 642:708 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr was 25.41mg/g. 28115103 5 15 theme isotherm 574:581 arg1 model 583:587 the Langmuir isotherm model 561:587 the Langmuir isotherm model 561:587 The adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28115103 6 16 theme maximum 646:652 arg1 25.41mg/g 714:722 25.41mg/g 714:722 25.41mg/g 714:722 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr was 25.41mg/g. 28115103 6 16 theme maximum 646:652 arg1 capacity 674:681 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity 642:681 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr 642:708 The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity calculated to be for PS-Zr was 25.41mg/g. 28115103 0 17 theme Adsorptive 0:9 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch 0:69 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 5 18 theme adsorption 520:529 arg1 process 531:537 The adsorption process 516:537 The adsorption process 516:537 The adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28115103 7 19 theme effective 781:789 arg1 biosorbent 791:800 an effective biosorbent 778:800 an effective biosorbent for removal of fluoride from drinking water 778:844 Our results revealed that PS-Zr could be employed as an effective biosorbent for removal of fluoride from drinking water. 28115103 7 19 theme effective 781:789 arg1 PS-Zr 751:755 PS-Zr 751:755 PS-Zr 751:755 Our results revealed that PS-Zr could be employed as an effective biosorbent for removal of fluoride from drinking water. 28115103 2 20 theme contact 301:307 arg1 times 309:313 contact times 301:313 contact times 301:313 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 0 21 theme fluoride 22:29 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch 0:69 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 4 22 theme pH 495:496 arg1 range 498:502 a pH range 493:502 a pH range of 3.0-9.0 493:513 PS-Zr was shown superior defluoridation capacity over a pH range of 3.0-9.0. 28115103 2 23 theme Fluoride 226:233 arg1 adsorption 235:244 Fluoride adsorption 226:244 Fluoride adsorption from water 226:255 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 2 24 theme initial 339:345 arg1 concentrations 356:369 initial fluoride concentrations 339:369 initial fluoride concentrations 339:369 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 2 25 theme fluoride 347:354 arg1 concentrations 356:369 initial fluoride concentrations 339:369 initial fluoride concentrations 339:369 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 4 26 theme 3.0-9.0 507:513 arg1 range 498:502 a pH range 493:502 a pH range of 3.0-9.0 493:513 PS-Zr was shown superior defluoridation capacity over a pH range of 3.0-9.0. 28115103 0 27 theme drinking 36:43 arg1 water 45:49 drinking water 36:49 drinking water using porous starch 36:69 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 7 28 theme fluoride 817:824 arg1 removal 806:812 removal 806:812 removal of fluoride from drinking water 806:844 Our results revealed that PS-Zr could be employed as an effective biosorbent for removal of fluoride from drinking water. 28115103 2 29 theme pH 325:326 arg1 values 328:333 solution pH values 316:333 solution pH values 316:333 Fluoride adsorption from water was tested at different biosorbent dosages, contact times, solution pH values and initial fluoride concentrations. 28115103 4 30 theme defluoridation 464:477 arg1 capacity 479:486 superior defluoridation capacity 455:486 superior defluoridation capacity 455:486 PS-Zr was shown superior defluoridation capacity over a pH range of 3.0-9.0. 28115103 5 31 theme kinetic 627:633 arg1 model 635:639 the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model 593:639 the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model 593:639 The adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 28115103 1 32 dep composites 184:193 arg1 PS-Zr 195:199 PS-Zr 195:199 PS-Zr 195:199 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28115103 1 32 dep composites 184:193 arg1 PS-La 219:223 PS-La 219:223 PS-La 219:223 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28115103 1 32 dep composites 184:193 arg1 PS-Fe 209:213 PS-Fe 209:213 PS-Fe 209:213 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28115103 1 32 dep composites 184:193 arg1 composites 184:193 the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La 180:223 the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La 180:223 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28115103 1 32 dep composites 184:193 arg1 PS-Al 202:206 PS-Al 202:206 PS-Al 202:206 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28115103 1 33 theme porous 117:122 arg1 starch 129:134 porous corn starch 117:134 porous corn starch 117:134 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28115103 0 34 theme porous 57:62 arg1 starch 64:69 porous starch 57:69 porous starch 57:69 Adsorptive removal of fluoride from drinking water using porous starch loaded with common metal ions. 28115103 1 35 theme corn 124:127 arg1 starch 129:134 porous corn starch 117:134 porous corn starch 117:134 In this study, porous corn starch was loaded with Zr, Al, Fe or La to produce the composites PS-Zr, PS-Al, PS-Fe and PS-La. 28627457 7 0 theme natural 1339:1345 arg1 tendency 1347:1354 a natural tendency 1337:1354 a natural tendency for component segregation 1337:1380 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 2 1 theme massing 567:573 arg1 time 575:578 the wet massing time 559:578 the wet massing time 559:578 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 4 2 theme API 839:841 arg1 factors 766:772 two factors 762:772 two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase 762:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 2 theme API 839:841 arg1 redistribution 817:830 redistribution 817:830 redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase 817:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 2 theme API 839:841 arg1 segregation 783:793 powder segregation 776:793 powder segregation during dry mixing 776:811 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 2 3 theme wet 563:565 arg1 time 575:578 the wet massing time 559:578 the wet massing time 559:578 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 6 4 from beginning 1166:1174 arg1 granulator 1146:1155 the granulator 1142:1155 the granulator from the beginning 1142:1174 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 2 5 theme mixing 504:509 arg1 stage 511:515 the initial dry mixing stage 488:515 the initial dry mixing stage 488:515 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 7 6 theme massing 1286:1292 arg1 solution 1311:1318 a solution 1309:1318 a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation 1309:1380 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 7 6 theme massing 1286:1292 arg1 times 1294:1298 longer wet massing times 1275:1298 longer wet massing times 1275:1298 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 4 7 theme content 710:716 arg1 non-uniformity 718:731 content non-uniformity 710:731 content non-uniformity 710:731 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 6 8 from present 1131:1137 arg1 granulator 1146:1155 the granulator 1142:1155 the granulator from the beginning 1142:1174 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 2 9 theme dry 500:502 arg1 stage 511:515 the initial dry mixing stage 488:515 the initial dry mixing stage 488:515 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 6 10 theme content 1037:1043 arg1 comparable 1077:1086 comparable 1077:1086 comparable 1077:1086 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 6 10 theme content 1037:1043 arg1 non-uniformity 1045:1058 The content non-uniformity 1033:1058 The content non-uniformity in this case 1033:1071 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 2 11 theme initial 492:498 arg1 stage 511:515 the initial dry mixing stage 488:515 the initial dry mixing stage 488:515 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 0 12 from non-uniformity 35:48 arg1 granulation 68:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 1 13 from non-uniformity 127:140 arg1 granulation 164:174 the high-shear wet granulation 145:174 the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 145:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 2 14 theme pharmaceutical 275:288 arg1 ingredient 290:299 the active pharmaceutical ingredient 264:299 the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) 264:305 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 14 theme pharmaceutical 275:288 arg1 acetaminophen 247:259 acetaminophen 247:259 acetaminophen 247:259 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 14 theme pharmaceutical 275:288 arg1 API 302:304 API 302:304 API 302:304 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 7 15 theme non-uniformity 1233:1246 arg1 extent 1215:1220 the extent 1211:1220 the extent of content non-uniformity 1211:1246 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 1 16 theme high-shear 149:158 arg1 granulation 164:174 the high-shear wet granulation 145:174 the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 145:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 4 17 theme massing 893:899 arg1 phase 901:905 the wet massing phase 885:905 the wet massing phase 885:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 2 18 theme size 403:406 arg1 classes 408:414 the granule size classes 391:414 the granule size classes 391:414 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 4 19 theme powder 776:781 arg1 factors 766:772 two factors 762:772 two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase 762:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 19 theme powder 776:781 arg1 segregation 783:793 powder segregation 776:793 powder segregation during dry mixing 776:811 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 7 20 theme content 1225:1231 arg1 non-uniformity 1233:1246 content non-uniformity 1225:1246 content non-uniformity 1225:1246 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 2 21 theme active 268:273 arg1 ingredient 290:299 the active pharmaceutical ingredient 264:299 the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) 264:305 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 21 theme active 268:273 arg1 acetaminophen 247:259 acetaminophen 247:259 acetaminophen 247:259 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 21 theme active 268:273 arg1 API 302:304 API 302:304 API 302:304 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 1 22 theme wet 160:162 arg1 granulation 164:174 the high-shear wet granulation 145:174 the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 145:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 4 23 theme dry 802:804 arg1 mixing 806:811 dry mixing 802:811 dry mixing 802:811 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 6 24 located present 1131:1137 arg1 granulator 1146:1155 the granulator 1142:1155 the granulator from the beginning 1142:1174 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 6 24 located present 1131:1137 arg2 components 1115:1124 both components 1110:1124 both components 1110:1124 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 2 25 theme microcrystalline 311:326 arg1 cellulose 328:336 microcrystalline cellulose 311:336 microcrystalline cellulose 311:336 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 7 26 theme massing 1197:1203 arg1 time 1205:1208 wet massing time 1193:1208 wet massing time 1193:1208 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 2 27 theme API 380:382 arg1 distribution 360:371 the distribution 356:371 the distribution of the API across the granule size classes 356:414 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 6 28 attach present 1131:1137 arg2 components 1115:1124 both components 1110:1124 both components 1110:1124 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 6 28 attach present 1131:1137 arg1 granulator 1146:1155 the granulator 1142:1155 the granulator from the beginning 1142:1174 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 0 29 theme origins 16:22 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 0:79 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 2 30 theme overall 522:528 arg1 composition 530:540 the overall composition 518:540 the overall composition of the blend 518:553 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 1 31 from origins 100:106 arg1 granulation 164:174 the high-shear wet granulation 145:174 the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 145:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 4 32 theme granule 855:861 arg1 fractions 868:876 the granule size fractions 851:876 the granule size fractions 851:876 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 1 33 theme model 181:185 arg1 blend 216:220 a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 179:220 a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 179:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 0 34 theme content 27:33 arg1 non-uniformity 35:48 content non-uniformity 27:48 content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation 27:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 0 35 from granulation 68:78 arg1 origins 16:22 the origins 12:22 the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation 12:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 1 36 theme two-component 187:199 arg1 blend 216:220 a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 179:220 a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 179:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 2 37 theme stage 511:515 arg1 duration 476:483 the duration 472:483 the duration of the initial dry mixing stage 472:515 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 37 theme stage 511:515 arg1 time 575:578 the wet massing time 559:578 the wet massing time 559:578 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 37 theme stage 511:515 arg1 composition 530:540 the overall composition 518:540 the overall composition of the blend 518:553 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 3 38 theme granule 592:598 arg1 fractions 600:608 The coarse granule fractions 581:608 The coarse granule fractions 581:608 The coarse granule fractions were found to be systematically sub-potent, while the fines were enriched in the API. 28627457 3 38 theme granule 592:598 arg1 sub-potent 642:651 sub-potent 642:651 sub-potent 642:651 The coarse granule fractions were found to be systematically sub-potent, while the fines were enriched in the API. 28627457 7 39 with systems 1324:1330 arg1 tendency 1347:1354 a natural tendency 1337:1354 a natural tendency for component segregation 1337:1380 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 6 40 from non-uniformity 1045:1058 arg1 case 1068:1071 this case 1063:1071 this case 1063:1071 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 1 41 theme pharmaceutical 201:214 arg1 blend 216:220 a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 179:220 a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 179:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 2 42 theme conditions 444:453 arg1 range 435:439 a range 433:439 a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time 433:578 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 4 43 theme wet 889:891 arg1 phase 901:905 the wet massing phase 885:905 the wet massing phase 885:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 2 44 theme blend 549:553 arg1 duration 476:483 the duration 472:483 the duration of the initial dry mixing stage 472:515 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 44 theme blend 549:553 arg1 time 575:578 the wet massing time 559:578 the wet massing time 559:578 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 2 44 theme blend 549:553 arg1 composition 530:540 the overall composition 518:540 the overall composition of the blend 518:553 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 7 45 theme component 1360:1368 arg1 segregation 1370:1380 component segregation 1360:1380 component segregation 1360:1380 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 0 46 theme non-uniformity 35:48 arg1 origins 16:22 the origins 12:22 the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation 12:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 4 47 theme size 863:866 arg1 fractions 868:876 the granule size fractions 851:876 the granule size fractions 851:876 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 48 dep factors 766:772 arg1 factors 766:772 two factors 762:772 two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase 762:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 48 dep factors 766:772 arg1 redistribution 817:830 redistribution 817:830 redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase 817:905 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 48 dep factors 766:772 arg1 segregation 783:793 powder segregation 776:793 powder segregation during dry mixing 776:811 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 6 49 from granulator 1146:1155 arg1 present 1131:1137 present 1131:1137 present 1131:1137 The content non-uniformity in this case was comparable to that obtained when both components were present in the granulator from the beginning. 28627457 5 50 dep massed 1025:1030 arg1 wet 1021:1023 wet 1021:1023 wet 1021:1023 The latter was demonstrated in an experiment where the excipient was pre-granulated, the API was added later and wet massed. 28627457 7 51 theme wet 1282:1284 arg1 solution 1311:1318 a solution 1309:1318 a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation 1309:1380 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 7 51 theme wet 1282:1284 arg1 times 1294:1298 longer wet massing times 1275:1298 longer wet massing times 1275:1298 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 7 52 theme wet 1193:1195 arg1 time 1205:1208 wet massing time 1193:1208 wet massing time 1193:1208 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 1 53 theme blend 216:220 arg1 granulation 164:174 the high-shear wet granulation 145:174 the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 145:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 4 54 theme non-uniformity 718:731 arg1 extent 700:705 The extent 696:705 The extent of content non-uniformity 696:731 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 4 54 theme non-uniformity 718:731 arg1 dependent 749:757 dependent 749:757 dependent 749:757 The extent of content non-uniformity was found to be dependent on two factors - powder segregation during dry mixing and redistribution of the API between the granule size fractions during the wet massing phase. 28627457 3 55 theme coarse 585:590 arg1 fractions 600:608 The coarse granule fractions 581:608 The coarse granule fractions 581:608 The coarse granule fractions were found to be systematically sub-potent, while the fines were enriched in the API. 28627457 3 55 theme coarse 585:590 arg1 sub-potent 642:651 sub-potent 642:651 sub-potent 642:651 The coarse granule fractions were found to be systematically sub-potent, while the fines were enriched in the API. 28627457 1 56 from granulation 164:174 arg1 origins 100:106 the origins 96:106 the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 96:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 1 57 theme granule 111:117 arg1 non-uniformity 127:140 granule content non-uniformity 111:140 granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 111:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 0 58 theme wet 64:66 arg1 granulation 68:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 2 59 theme granule 395:401 arg1 classes 408:414 the granule size classes 391:414 the granule size classes 391:414 Using acetaminophen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the excipient, the distribution of the API across the granule size classes was measured for a range of conditions that differed in the duration of the initial dry mixing stage, the overall composition of the blend and the wet massing time. 28627457 1 60 theme content 119:125 arg1 non-uniformity 127:140 granule content non-uniformity 111:140 granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 111:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28627457 0 61 theme high-shear 53:62 arg1 granulation 68:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 0 62 from origins 16:22 arg1 granulation 68:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 high-shear wet granulation 53:78 Analysis of the origins of content non-uniformity in high-shear wet granulation. 28627457 7 63 theme longer 1275:1280 arg1 solution 1311:1318 a solution 1309:1318 a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation 1309:1380 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 7 63 theme longer 1275:1280 arg1 times 1294:1298 longer wet massing times 1275:1298 longer wet massing times 1275:1298 With increasing wet massing time, the extent of content non-uniformity decreased, indicating that longer wet massing times might be a solution for systems with a natural tendency for component segregation. 28627457 1 64 theme non-uniformity 127:140 arg1 origins 100:106 the origins 96:106 the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend 96:220 In this study, the origins of granule content non-uniformity in the high-shear wet granulation of a model two-component pharmaceutical blend were investigated. 28117357 1 0 theme composite 347:355 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 0 theme composite 347:355 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 3 1 theme well-defined 628:639 arg1 redox 641:645 a well-defined redox couple 626:652 a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase 626:676 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 4 2 dep biosensor 799:807 arg1 has 809:811 has 809:811 has 7 809:813 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 7 3 theme biomolecules 1355:1366 arg1 presence 1324:1331 the presence 1320:1331 the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds 1320:1389 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 4 4 with activity 838:845 arg1 potential 868:876 lower oxidation potential 852:876 lower oxidation potential 852:876 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 3 5 theme modified 731:738 arg1 SPCE 740:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 1 6 theme modified 357:364 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 6 theme modified 357:364 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 5 7 theme optimized 937:945 arg1 conditions 947:956 optimized conditions 937:956 optimized conditions 937:956 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 1 8 theme present 184:190 arg1 work 192:195 the present work 180:195 the present work 180:195 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 0 9 theme Carbon 119:124 arg1 Electrode 126:134 Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode 104:134 Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode 104:134 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 1 10 theme screen 366:371 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 10 theme screen 366:371 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 7 11 theme compounds 1381:1389 arg1 presence 1324:1331 the presence 1320:1331 the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds 1320:1389 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 5 12 theme biosensor 1059:1067 arg1 linear 1073:1078 linear 1073:1078 linear 1073:1078 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 5 12 theme biosensor 1059:1067 arg1 response 1043:1050 the amperometric response 1026:1050 the amperometric response of the biosensor 1026:1067 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 6 13 theme biosensor 1200:1208 arg1 sensitivity 1142:1152 The sensitivity 1138:1152 The sensitivity 1138:1152 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 6 13 theme biosensor 1200:1208 arg1 time 1164:1167 response time 1155:1167 response time 1155:1167 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 6 13 theme biosensor 1200:1208 arg1 cm-2 1233:1236 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2 1220:1236 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2 1220:1236 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 6 13 theme biosensor 1200:1208 arg1 limit 1187:1191 the detection limit 1173:1191 the detection limit of the biosensor for CC 1173:1215 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 8 14 theme CC 1441:1442 arg1 detection 1428:1436 the detection 1424:1436 the detection of CC in different water samples 1424:1469 The biosensor also accessed for the detection of CC in different water samples and shows good practicality with an appropriate repea. 28117357 0 15 theme Screen-Printed 104:117 arg1 Electrode 126:134 Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode 104:134 Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode 104:134 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 1 16 theme printed 373:379 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 16 theme printed 373:379 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 4 17 theme GR-CMF 913:918 arg1 composite 920:928 GR-CMF composite 913:928 GR-CMF composite 913:928 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 4 18 theme as-prepared 787:797 arg1 biosensor 799:807 the as-prepared biosensor 783:807 the as-prepared biosensor has 7 783:813 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 1 19 theme carbon 381:386 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 19 theme carbon 381:386 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 5 20 theme CC 1018:1019 arg1 quantification 1000:1013 the quantification 996:1013 the quantification of CC 996:1019 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 5 21 used used 987:990 arg2 method 976:981 amperometric i-t method 959:981 amperometric i-t method 959:981 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 2 22 theme laccase 476:482 arg1 SPCEs 515:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 22 theme laccase 476:482 arg1 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 22 theme laccase 476:482 arg1 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 22 theme laccase 476:482 arg1 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 0 23 theme novel 2:6 arg1 Biosensor 16:24 A novel Laccase Biosensor 0:24 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 0:93 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 6 24 theme detection 1177:1185 arg1 cm-2 1233:1236 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2 1220:1236 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2 1220:1236 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 6 24 theme detection 1177:1185 arg1 limit 1187:1191 the detection limit 1173:1191 the detection limit of the biosensor for CC 1173:1215 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 7 25 contain has 1285:1287 arg1 biosensor 1275:1283 The biosensor 1271:1283 The biosensor 1271:1283 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 7 25 contain has 1285:1287 arg2 selectivity 1294:1304 high selectivity 1289:1304 high selectivity towards CC 1289:1315 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 3 26 theme GR 599:600 arg1 SPCEs 619:623 laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs 579:623 laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs 579:623 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 3 27 theme GR-CMF 714:719 arg1 SPCE 740:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 3 28 theme immobilized 702:712 arg1 SPCE 740:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 5 29 theme CC 1105:1106 arg1 concertation 1089:1100 the concertation 1085:1100 the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM 1085:1135 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 3 30 located observed 682:689 arg2 redox 641:645 a well-defined redox couple 626:652 a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase 626:676 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 3 30 located observed 682:689 arg1 SPCE 740:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 7 31 theme active 1348:1353 arg1 biomolecules 1355:1366 potentially active biomolecules 1336:1366 potentially active biomolecules 1336:1366 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 4 32 theme oxidation 858:866 arg1 potential 868:876 lower oxidation potential 852:876 lower oxidation potential 852:876 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 3 33 theme laccase 579:585 arg1 GR 599:600 laccase immobilized GR 579:600 laccase immobilized GR 579:600 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 4 34 theme lower 852:856 arg1 potential 868:876 lower oxidation potential 852:876 lower oxidation potential 852:876 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 0 35 theme Laccase 8:14 arg1 Biosensor 16:24 A novel Laccase Biosensor 0:24 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 0:93 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 0 36 theme Sensitive 140:148 arg1 Determination 150:162 Sensitive Determination 140:162 Sensitive Determination of Catechol 140:174 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 8 37 theme water 1457:1461 arg1 samples 1463:1469 different water samples 1447:1469 different water samples 1447:1469 The biosensor also accessed for the detection of CC in different water samples and shows good practicality with an appropriate repea. 28117357 3 38 theme immobilized 587:597 arg1 GR 599:600 laccase immobilized GR 579:600 laccase immobilized GR 579:600 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 2 39 theme immobilized 484:494 arg1 SPCEs 515:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 39 theme immobilized 484:494 arg1 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 39 theme immobilized 484:494 arg1 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 39 theme immobilized 484:494 arg1 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 40 theme modified 506:513 arg1 SPCEs 515:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 40 theme modified 506:513 arg1 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 40 theme modified 506:513 arg1 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 40 theme modified 506:513 arg1 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 7 41 theme high 1289:1292 arg1 selectivity 1294:1304 high selectivity 1289:1304 high selectivity towards CC 1289:1315 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 0 42 theme Catechol 167:174 arg1 Determination 150:162 Sensitive Determination 140:162 Sensitive Determination of Catechol 140:174 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 3 43 dep redox 641:645 arg1 couple 647:652 couple 647:652 couple 647:652 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 4 44 theme catalytic 828:836 arg1 activity 838:845 higher catalytic activity 821:845 higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC 821:887 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 8 45 from detection 1428:1436 arg1 samples 1463:1469 different water samples 1447:1469 different water samples 1447:1469 The biosensor also accessed for the detection of CC in different water samples and shows good practicality with an appropriate repea. 28117357 2 46 theme electrochemical 417:431 arg1 behavior 433:440 The direct electrochemical behavior 406:440 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase 406:451 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 47 theme different 496:504 arg1 SPCEs 515:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs 476:519 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 47 theme different 496:504 arg1 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 CMF/SPCE 539:546 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 47 theme different 496:504 arg1 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 GR-CMF/SPCE 552:562 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 2 47 theme different 496:504 arg1 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 GR/SPCE 530:536 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 1 48 theme graphene-cellulose 307:324 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 48 theme graphene-cellulose 307:324 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 49 theme laccase 232:238 arg1 biosensor 240:248 laccase biosensor 232:248 laccase biosensor 232:248 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 0 50 theme immobilized 43:53 arg1 Composite 85:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 1 51 theme microfibers 326:336 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 51 theme microfibers 326:336 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 3 52 theme CuI/CuII 657:664 arg1 redox 641:645 a well-defined redox couple 626:652 a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase 626:676 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 3 53 theme CMF 606:608 arg1 SPCEs 619:623 laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs 579:623 laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs 579:623 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 6 54 theme response 1155:1162 arg1 time 1164:1167 response time 1155:1167 response time 1155:1167 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 0 55 theme Laccase 35:41 arg1 Composite 85:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 8 56 theme appropriate 1507:1517 arg1 repea 1519:1523 an appropriate repea 1504:1523 an appropriate repea 1504:1523 The biosensor also accessed for the detection of CC in different water samples and shows good practicality with an appropriate repea. 28117357 8 57 theme good 1481:1484 arg1 practicality 1486:1497 good practicality 1481:1497 good practicality 1481:1497 The biosensor also accessed for the detection of CC in different water samples and shows good practicality with an appropriate repea. 28117357 3 58 theme modified 610:617 arg1 SPCEs 619:623 laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs 579:623 laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs 579:623 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 5 59 theme amperometric 959:970 arg1 method 976:981 amperometric i-t method 959:981 amperometric i-t method 959:981 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 8 60 theme different 1447:1455 arg1 samples 1463:1469 different water samples 1447:1469 different water samples 1447:1469 The biosensor also accessed for the detection of CC in different water samples and shows good practicality with an appropriate repea. 28117357 1 61 theme GR-CMF 339:344 arg1 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 SPCE 399:402 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 1 61 theme GR-CMF 339:344 arg1 electrode 388:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode 307:396 graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 307:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 3 62 theme laccase 694:700 arg1 SPCE 740:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 4 63 theme higher 821:826 arg1 activity 838:845 higher catalytic activity 821:845 higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC 821:887 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 4 64 theme voltammetry 753:763 arg1 results 765:771 Cyclic voltammetry results 746:771 Cyclic voltammetry results 746:771 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 1 65 theme biosensor 240:248 arg1 fabrication 217:227 the fabrication 213:227 the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) 213:403 In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication of laccase biosensor to detect the catechol (CC) using laccase immobilized on graphene-cellulose microfibers (GR-CMF) composite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 28117357 7 66 theme phenolic 1372:1379 arg1 compounds 1381:1389 phenolic compounds 1372:1389 phenolic compounds 1372:1389 The biosensor has high selectivity towards CC in the presence of potentially active biomolecules and phenolic compounds. 28117357 4 67 theme Cyclic 746:751 arg1 results 765:771 Cyclic voltammetry results 746:771 Cyclic voltammetry results 746:771 Cyclic voltammetry results show that the as-prepared biosensor has 7 folds higher catalytic activity with lower oxidation potential towards CC than SPCE modified with GR-CMF composite. 28117357 5 68 theme i-t 972:974 arg1 method 976:981 amperometric i-t method 959:981 amperometric i-t method 959:981 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 0 69 theme Microfiber 74:83 arg1 Composite 85:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 2 70 theme direct 410:415 arg1 behavior 433:440 The direct electrochemical behavior 406:440 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase 406:451 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 5 71 theme amperometric 1030:1041 arg1 linear 1073:1078 linear 1073:1078 linear 1073:1078 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 5 71 theme amperometric 1030:1041 arg1 response 1043:1050 the amperometric response 1026:1050 the amperometric response of the biosensor 1026:1067 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 5 72 dep 209.7 μM 1128:1135 arg1 to 1125:1126 to 1125:1126 to 1125:1126 Under optimized conditions, amperometric i-t method was used for the quantification of CC, and the amperometric response of the biosensor was linear over the concertation of CC ranging from 0.2 to 209.7 μM. 28117357 0 73 theme Graphene-Cellulose 55:72 arg1 Composite 85:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite 35:93 A novel Laccase Biosensor based on Laccase immobilized Graphene-Cellulose Microfiber Composite modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Catechol. 28117357 3 74 theme composite 721:729 arg1 SPCE 740:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE 694:743 Compared with laccase immobilized GR and CMF modified SPCEs, a well-defined redox couple of CuI/CuII for laccase was observed at laccase immobilized GR-CMF composite modified SPCE. 28117357 2 75 theme laccase 445:451 arg1 behavior 433:440 The direct electrochemical behavior 406:440 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase 406:451 The direct electrochemical behavior of laccase was investigated using laccase immobilized different modified SPCEs, such as GR/SPCE, CMF/SPCE and GR-CMF/SPCE. 28117357 6 76 theme 0.932 μMμA-1 1220:1231 arg1 sensitivity 1142:1152 The sensitivity 1138:1152 The sensitivity 1138:1152 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 6 76 theme 0.932 μMμA-1 1220:1231 arg1 limit 1187:1191 the detection limit 1173:1191 the detection limit of the biosensor for CC 1173:1215 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 28117357 6 76 theme 0.932 μMμA-1 1220:1231 arg1 cm-2 1233:1236 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2 1220:1236 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2 1220:1236 The sensitivity, response time and the detection limit of the biosensor for CC is 0.932 μMμA-1 cm-2, 2 s and 0.085 μM, respectively. 27287555 9 0 theme chitosan-katira 1767:1781 arg1 nanoparticles 1787:1799 chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles 1767:1799 chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles 1767:1799 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 3 1 from change 561:566 arg1 activity 601:608 its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity 571:608 its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 571:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 2 2 theme gum 407:409 arg1 katira 411:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 1 3 theme pharmacological 275:289 arg1 properties 291:300 several pharmacological properties 267:300 several pharmacological properties 267:300 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 8 4 theme In 1296:1297 arg1 studies 1318:1324 In vitro drug release studies 1296:1324 In vitro drug release studies 1296:1324 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 7 5 theme ammonium 1241:1248 arg1 glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 8 6 theme drug 1305:1308 arg1 studies 1318:1324 In vitro drug release studies 1296:1324 In vitro drug release studies 1296:1324 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 3 7 theme anti-inflammatory 583:599 arg1 activity 601:608 its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity 571:608 its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 571:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 1 8 theme acid 196:199 arg1 efficacy 171:178 efficacy 171:178 efficacy 171:178 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 1 8 theme acid 196:199 arg1 bioavailability 151:165 bioavailability 151:165 bioavailability 151:165 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 3 9 theme paw 647:649 arg1 inflammation 651:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 8 10 from mechanism 1541:1549 arg1 nanoparticles 1592:1604 the nanoparticles 1588:1604 the nanoparticles 1588:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 9 11 theme anti 1680:1683 arg1 efficacy 1698:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy 1672:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid 1672:1726 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 7 12 theme electrostatic 1187:1199 arg1 interactions 1201:1212 electrostatic interactions 1187:1212 electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan 1187:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 3 13 theme rat 638:640 arg1 inflammation 651:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 9 14 theme forms 1857:1861 arg1 bioavailability 1828:1842 the limited bioavailability 1816:1842 the limited bioavailability of its other forms 1816:1861 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 8 15 theme acid 1578:1581 arg1 release 1554:1560 release 1554:1560 release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles 1554:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 16 theme sustained 1446:1454 arg1 release 1456:1462 a sustained release 1444:1462 a sustained release of the drug 1444:1474 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 4 17 theme acid 806:809 arg1 size 756:759 particle size 747:759 particle size 747:759 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 17 theme acid 806:809 arg1 efficiency 779:788 encapsulation efficiency 765:788 encapsulation efficiency 765:788 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 5 18 theme nanoparticulate 993:1007 arg1 formulation 1009:1019 optimized nanoparticulate formulation 983:1019 optimized nanoparticulate formulation 983:1019 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticulate formulation were 175.8nm and 84.77%, respectively. 27287555 4 19 theme encapsulation 765:777 arg1 efficiency 779:788 encapsulation efficiency 765:788 encapsulation efficiency 765:788 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 0 20 theme chitosan-katira 83:97 arg1 gum 99:101 chitosan-katira gum 83:101 chitosan-katira gum 83:101 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles. 27287555 0 21 from Enhancement 0:10 arg1 gum 99:101 chitosan-katira gum 83:101 chitosan-katira gum 83:101 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles. 27287555 8 22 dep In 1296:1297 arg1 vitro 1299:1303 vitro 1299:1303 vitro 1299:1303 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 6 23 theme electron 1100:1107 arg1 microscopy 1109:1118 transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size 1087:1160 transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size 1087:1160 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 8 24 theme diffusion 1627:1635 arg1 combination 1612:1622 a combination 1610:1622 a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix 1610:1669 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 24 theme diffusion 1627:1635 arg1 mechanism 1541:1549 the mechanism 1537:1549 the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles 1537:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 2 25 used used 423:426 arg2 katira 411:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 4 26 theme surface 850:856 arg1 methodology 858:868 response surface methodology 841:868 response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 841:934 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 8 27 theme erosion 1641:1647 arg1 combination 1612:1622 a combination 1610:1622 a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix 1610:1669 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 27 theme erosion 1641:1647 arg1 mechanism 1541:1549 the mechanism 1537:1549 the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles 1537:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 3 28 theme Glycyrrhizic 483:494 arg1 acid 496:499 Glycyrrhizic acid 483:499 Glycyrrhizic acid 483:499 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 7 29 theme carboxyl 1222:1229 arg1 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 29 theme carboxyl 1222:1229 arg1 groups 1231:1236 carboxyl groups 1222:1236 carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1222:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 29 theme carboxyl 1222:1229 arg1 glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 1 30 dep bioavailability 151:165 arg1 the 147:149 the 147:149 the 147:149 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 4 31 theme central 898:904 arg1 design 929:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 0 32 theme anti-inflammatory 15:31 arg1 activity 33:40 anti-inflammatory activity 15:40 anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid 15:61 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles. 27287555 3 33 dep in 575:576 arg1 vivo 578:581 vivo 578:581 vivo 578:581 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 8 34 theme matrix 1664:1669 arg1 erosion 1641:1647 erosion 1641:1647 erosion 1641:1647 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 34 theme matrix 1664:1669 arg1 diffusion 1627:1635 diffusion 1627:1635 diffusion 1627:1635 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 35 theme 12h 1516:1518 arg1 period 1520:1525 a 12h period 1514:1525 a 12h period 1514:1525 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 2 36 theme complexation 462:473 arg1 method 475:480 ionic complexation method 456:480 ionic complexation method 456:480 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 7 37 theme chitosan 1286:1293 arg1 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 37 theme chitosan 1286:1293 arg1 groups 1231:1236 carboxyl groups 1222:1236 carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1222:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 37 theme chitosan 1286:1293 arg1 glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 37 theme chitosan 1286:1293 arg1 groups 1276:1281 amino groups 1270:1281 amino groups of chitosan 1270:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 1 38 theme biocompatible 327:339 arg1 nanoparticles 354:366 biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles 327:366 biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles 327:366 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 9 39 theme glycyrrhizic 1710:1721 arg1 acid 1723:1726 glycyrrhizic acid 1710:1726 glycyrrhizic acid 1710:1726 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 4 40 theme experimental 916:927 arg1 design 929:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 2 41 theme polyanionic 395:405 arg1 katira 411:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 0 42 theme acid 58:61 arg1 activity 33:40 anti-inflammatory activity 15:40 anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid 15:61 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles. 27287555 2 43 theme chitosan 382:389 arg1 katira 411:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 4 44 dep 3-factor 880:887 arg1 3-level 890:896 3-level 890:896 3-level 890:896 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 7 45 theme glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 arg1 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 45 theme glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 arg1 groups 1231:1236 carboxyl groups 1222:1236 carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1222:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 45 theme glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 arg1 glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 45 theme glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 arg1 groups 1276:1281 amino groups 1270:1281 amino groups of chitosan 1270:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 1 46 theme several 267:273 arg1 properties 291:300 several pharmacological properties 267:300 several pharmacological properties 267:300 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 9 47 theme gum 1783:1785 arg1 nanoparticles 1787:1799 chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles 1767:1799 chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles 1767:1799 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 8 48 theme drug 1471:1474 arg1 release 1456:1462 a sustained release 1444:1462 a sustained release of the drug 1444:1474 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 1 49 from encapsulation 310:322 arg1 nanoparticles 354:366 biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles 327:366 biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles 327:366 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 1 50 theme Glycyrrhizic 183:194 arg1 saponin 218:224 a triterpentine saponin 202:224 a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties 202:300 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 1 50 theme Glycyrrhizic 183:194 arg1 acid 196:199 Glycyrrhizic acid 183:199 Glycyrrhizic acid 183:199 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 4 51 theme katira 730:735 arg1 gum 737:739 katira gum 730:739 katira gum 730:739 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 51 theme katira 730:735 arg1 acid 711:714 glycyrrhizic acid 698:714 glycyrrhizic acid 698:714 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 6 52 from 80nm 1149:1152 arg1 size 1157:1160 size 1157:1160 size 1157:1160 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 6 52 from 80nm 1149:1152 arg1 spherical 1126:1134 spherical 1126:1134 spherical 1126:1134 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 3 53 theme hind 642:645 arg1 inflammation 651:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 8 54 theme release 1310:1316 arg1 studies 1318:1324 In vitro drug release studies 1296:1324 In vitro drug release studies 1296:1324 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 6 55 theme transmission 1087:1098 arg1 microscopy 1109:1118 transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size 1087:1160 transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size 1087:1160 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 9 56 theme limited 1820:1826 arg1 bioavailability 1828:1842 the limited bioavailability 1816:1842 the limited bioavailability of its other forms 1816:1861 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 3 57 theme carrageenan-induced 618:636 arg1 inflammation 651:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 618:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 27287555 1 58 theme triterpentine 204:216 arg1 saponin 218:224 a triterpentine saponin 202:224 a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties 202:300 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 1 58 theme triterpentine 204:216 arg1 acid 196:199 Glycyrrhizic acid 183:199 Glycyrrhizic acid 183:199 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 8 59 theme release 1554:1560 arg1 combination 1612:1622 a combination 1610:1622 a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix 1610:1669 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 59 theme release 1554:1560 arg1 mechanism 1541:1549 the mechanism 1537:1549 the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles 1537:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 60 theme zero-order 1405:1414 arg1 kinetics 1416:1423 zero-order kinetics 1405:1423 zero-order kinetics 1405:1423 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 7 61 theme FTIR 1163:1166 arg1 analysis 1168:1175 FTIR analysis 1163:1175 FTIR analysis 1163:1175 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 1 62 contain having 260:265 arg2 properties 291:300 several pharmacological properties 267:300 several pharmacological properties 267:300 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 1 62 contain having 260:265 arg1 glabra 252:257 glabra 252:257 glabra 252:257 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 5 63 theme Particle 937:944 arg1 size 946:949 Particle size 937:949 Particle size 937:949 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticulate formulation were 175.8nm and 84.77%, respectively. 27287555 8 64 theme glycyrrhizic 1341:1352 arg1 acid 1354:1357 glycyrrhizic acid 1341:1357 glycyrrhizic acid 1341:1357 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 9 65 theme other 1851:1855 arg1 forms 1857:1861 its other forms 1847:1861 its other forms 1847:1861 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 8 66 theme glycyrrhizic 1565:1576 arg1 acid 1578:1581 glycyrrhizic acid 1565:1581 glycyrrhizic acid 1565:1581 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 4 67 dep the 829:831 arg1 help 833:836 help 833:836 help 833:836 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 68 theme glycyrrhizic 793:804 arg1 acid 806:809 glycyrrhizic acid 793:809 glycyrrhizic acid 793:809 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 5 69 theme optimized 983:991 arg1 formulation 1009:1019 optimized nanoparticulate formulation 983:1019 optimized nanoparticulate formulation 983:1019 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticulate formulation were 175.8nm and 84.77%, respectively. 27287555 8 70 attach released 1363:1370 arg1 nanoparticles 1381:1393 the nanoparticles 1377:1393 the nanoparticles 1377:1393 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 70 attach released 1363:1370 arg2 acid 1354:1357 glycyrrhizic acid 1341:1357 glycyrrhizic acid 1341:1357 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 4 71 theme particle 747:754 arg1 size 756:759 particle size 747:759 particle size 747:759 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 5 72 theme formulation 1009:1019 arg1 size 946:949 Particle size 937:949 Particle size 937:949 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticulate formulation were 175.8nm and 84.77%, respectively. 27287555 5 72 theme formulation 1009:1019 arg1 efficiency 969:978 encapsulation efficiency 955:978 encapsulation efficiency 955:978 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticulate formulation were 175.8nm and 84.77%, respectively. 27287555 6 73 from spherical 1126:1134 arg1 80nm 1149:1152 80nm 1149:1152 80nm 1149:1152 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 6 73 from spherical 1126:1134 arg1 shape 1139:1143 shape 1139:1143 shape 1139:1143 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 8 74 from nanoparticles 1592:1604 arg1 combination 1612:1622 a combination 1610:1622 a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix 1610:1669 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 74 from nanoparticles 1592:1604 arg1 release 1554:1560 release 1554:1560 release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles 1554:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 74 from nanoparticles 1592:1604 arg1 mechanism 1541:1549 the mechanism 1537:1549 the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles 1537:1604 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 6 75 from shape 1139:1143 arg1 size 1157:1160 size 1157:1160 size 1157:1160 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 6 75 from shape 1139:1143 arg1 spherical 1126:1134 spherical 1126:1134 spherical 1126:1134 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 4 76 theme acid 711:714 arg1 concentrations 680:693 concentrations 680:693 concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, 680:740 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 77 theme response 841:848 arg1 methodology 858:868 response surface methodology 841:868 response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 841:934 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 9 78 theme In-vivo 1672:1678 arg1 efficacy 1698:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy 1672:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid 1672:1726 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 8 79 theme polymer 1656:1662 arg1 matrix 1664:1669 the polymer matrix 1652:1669 the polymer matrix 1652:1669 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 80 theme it 1491:1492 arg1 % 1486:1486 90.71% 1481:1486 90.71% of it 1481:1492 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 8 80 theme it 1491:1492 arg1 it 1491:1492 it 1491:1492 it 1491:1492 In vitro drug release studies indicated that glycyrrhizic acid was released from the nanoparticles following zero-order kinetics and that there was a sustained release of the drug with 90.71% of it being released over a 12h period, and that the mechanism of release of glycyrrhizic acid from the nanoparticles was a combination of diffusion and erosion of the polymer matrix. 27287555 0 81 theme activity 33:40 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum 0:101 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles. 27287555 9 82 theme inflammatory 1685:1696 arg1 efficacy 1698:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy 1672:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid 1672:1726 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 5 83 theme encapsulation 955:967 arg1 efficiency 969:978 encapsulation efficiency 955:978 encapsulation efficiency 955:978 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticulate formulation were 175.8nm and 84.77%, respectively. 27287555 0 84 theme glycyrrhizic 45:56 arg1 acid 58:61 glycyrrhizic acid 45:61 glycyrrhizic acid 45:61 Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizic acid by encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles. 27287555 2 85 theme ionic 456:460 arg1 method 475:480 ionic complexation method 456:480 ionic complexation method 456:480 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 7 86 theme amino 1270:1274 arg1 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 chitosan 1286:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 86 theme amino 1270:1274 arg1 glycyrrhizinate 1250:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 ammonium glycyrrhizinate 1241:1264 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 7 86 theme amino 1270:1274 arg1 groups 1276:1281 amino groups 1270:1281 amino groups of chitosan 1270:1293 FTIR analysis indicated electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and amino groups of chitosan. 27287555 1 87 theme biopolymeric 341:352 arg1 nanoparticles 354:366 biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles 327:366 biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles 327:366 Efforts were made to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Glycyrrhizic acid, a triterpentine saponin obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra, having several pharmacological properties, by its encapsulation in biocompatible biopolymeric nanoparticles. 27287555 9 88 theme acid 1723:1726 arg1 efficacy 1698:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy 1672:1705 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid 1672:1726 In-vivo anti inflammatory efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid clearly improved upon encapsulation in chitosan-katira gum nanoparticles, by overcoming the limited bioavailability of its other forms. 27287555 4 89 theme composite 906:914 arg1 design 929:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 90 theme 3-factor 880:887 arg1 design 929:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design 880:934 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 91 theme concentrations 680:693 arg1 effects 669:675 The effects 665:675 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid 665:809 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 2 92 theme Polycationic 369:380 arg1 katira 411:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira 369:416 Polycationic chitosan and polyanionic gum katira were used to prepare nanoparticles by ionic complexation method. 27287555 4 93 theme glycyrrhizic 698:709 arg1 chitosan 717:724 chitosan 717:724 chitosan 717:724 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 93 theme glycyrrhizic 698:709 arg1 gum 737:739 katira gum 730:739 katira gum 730:739 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 4 93 theme glycyrrhizic 698:709 arg1 acid 711:714 glycyrrhizic acid 698:714 glycyrrhizic acid 698:714 The effects of concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid, chitosan and katira gum, upon particle size and encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid were studied with the help of response surface methodology employing 3-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. 27287555 6 94 located observed 1075:1082 arg2 Particles 1060:1068 Particles 1060:1068 Particles 1060:1068 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 6 94 located observed 1075:1082 arg1 microscopy 1109:1118 transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size 1087:1160 transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size 1087:1160 Particles were observed in transmission electron microscopy to be spherical in shape and 80nm in size. 27287555 3 95 theme in 575:576 arg1 activity 601:608 its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity 571:608 its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation 571:662 Glycyrrhizic acid was loaded into the nanoparticles and was then examined for change in its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat hind paw inflammation. 26652428 8 0 theme hydroxyapatite 1228:1241 arg1 particles 1243:1251 carbonated hydroxyapatite particles 1217:1251 carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1217:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 7 1 theme 3 1084:1084 arg1 range 1068:1072 the pH range 1061:1072 the pH range of 2.5 to 3 1061:1084 Therefore, CS/HNT composite deposits were produced in the pH range of 2.5 to 3. 26652428 3 2 theme HNT 498:500 arg1 particles 502:510 HNT particles 498:510 HNT particles 498:510 The ability of chitosan as a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles was exploited. 26652428 4 3 theme bath 575:578 arg1 effects 544:550 the effects 540:550 the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration 540:603 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 0 4 theme chitosan/halloysite 63:81 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 0 4 theme chitosan/halloysite 63:81 arg1 behavior 51:58 corrosion behavior 41:58 corrosion behavior 41:58 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 0 4 theme chitosan/halloysite 63:81 arg1 ability 28:34 apatite inducing ability 11:34 apatite inducing ability 11:34 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 2 5 theme carbon 370:375 arg1 nanotubes 377:385 carbon nanotubes 370:385 carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 370:392 Using HNT particles were investigated as new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in chitosan matrix coatings. 26652428 2 5 theme carbon 370:375 arg1 CNTs 388:391 CNTs 388:391 CNTs 388:391 Using HNT particles were investigated as new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in chitosan matrix coatings. 26652428 4 6 theme electrophoretic 559:573 arg1 bath 575:578 electrophoretic bath 559:578 electrophoretic bath 559:578 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 7 7 theme composite 1025:1033 arg1 deposits 1035:1042 CS/HNT composite deposits 1018:1042 CS/HNT composite deposits 1018:1042 Therefore, CS/HNT composite deposits were produced in the pH range of 2.5 to 3. 26652428 9 8 theme bare 1452:1455 arg1 substrate 1466:1474 bare titanium substrate 1452:1474 bare titanium substrate 1452:1474 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 5 9 theme HNT 746:748 arg1 particles 750:758 HNT particles 746:758 HNT particles 746:758 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 6 10 theme zeta 822:825 arg1 potential 827:835 The zeta potential 818:835 The zeta potential 818:835 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 6 11 theme less 971:974 arg1 values 964:969 pH values 961:969 pH values less and more than 3, respectively 961:1004 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 0 12 theme electrophoretic 113:127 arg1 deposition 129:138 electrophoretic deposition 113:138 electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate 113:160 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 9 13 theme CS/HNT 1407:1412 arg1 coating 1414:1420 CS/HNT coating 1407:1420 CS/HNT coating 1407:1420 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 8 14 theme coating 1142:1148 arg1 ability 1108:1114 The apatite inducing ability 1087:1114 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating 1087:1148 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 15 theme apatite 1091:1097 arg1 ability 1108:1114 The apatite inducing ability 1087:1114 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating 1087:1148 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 16 theme CS/HNT 1256:1261 arg1 coating 1263:1269 CS/HNT coating 1256:1269 CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1256:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 17 theme HNT 1164:1166 arg1 particles 1168:1176 HNT particles 1164:1176 HNT particles 1164:1176 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 1 18 theme chitosan/halloysite 177:195 arg1 coatings 225:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 8 19 theme composite 1132:1140 arg1 coating 1142:1148 chitosan-HNT composite coating 1119:1148 chitosan-HNT composite coating 1119:1148 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 6 20 theme isoelectric 886:896 arg1 point 898:902 an isoelectric point 883:902 an isoelectric point for HNT 883:910 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 1 21 theme nanotube 197:204 arg1 coatings 225:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 8 22 theme inducing 1099:1106 arg1 ability 1108:1114 The apatite inducing ability 1087:1114 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating 1087:1148 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 4 23 theme suspensions 639:649 arg1 deposition 625:634 the deposition 621:634 the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles 621:674 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 5 24 theme Microstructure 677:690 arg1 properties 692:701 Microstructure properties 677:701 Microstructure properties of coatings 677:713 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 1 25 theme composite 206:214 arg1 coatings 225:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 1 26 theme titanium 288:295 arg1 substrate 297:305 titanium substrate 288:305 titanium substrate 288:305 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 7 27 theme pH 1065:1066 arg1 range 1068:1072 the pH range 1061:1072 the pH range of 2.5 to 3 1061:1084 Therefore, CS/HNT composite deposits were produced in the pH range of 2.5 to 3. 26652428 8 28 from particles 1243:1251 arg1 coating 1263:1269 CS/HNT coating 1256:1269 CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1256:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 3 29 theme chitosan 438:445 arg1 ability 427:433 The ability 423:433 The ability of chitosan as a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles 423:510 The ability of chitosan as a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles was exploited. 26652428 0 30 theme inducing 19:26 arg1 ability 28:34 apatite inducing ability 11:34 apatite inducing ability 11:34 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 6 31 theme pH 961:962 arg1 values 964:969 pH values 961:969 pH values less and more than 3, respectively 961:1004 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 5 32 theme coatings 706:713 arg1 properties 692:701 Microstructure properties 677:701 Microstructure properties of coatings 677:713 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 3 33 theme charging 465:472 arg1 agent 488:492 a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent 450:492 a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles 450:510 The ability of chitosan as a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles was exploited. 26652428 0 34 theme apatite 11:17 arg1 ability 28:34 apatite inducing ability 11:34 apatite inducing ability 11:34 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 9 35 theme electrochemical 1323:1337 arg1 characterizations 1349:1365 electrochemical corrosion characterizations 1323:1365 electrochemical corrosion characterizations 1323:1365 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 2 36 theme HNT 314:316 arg1 particles 318:326 HNT particles 314:326 HNT particles 314:326 Using HNT particles were investigated as new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in chitosan matrix coatings. 26652428 6 37 dep results 837:843 arg1 revealed 845:852 revealed 845:852 results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively 837:1004 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 5 38 theme smooth 787:792 arg1 coatings 808:815 smooth nanocomposite coatings 787:815 smooth nanocomposite coatings 787:815 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 4 39 theme pH 555:556 arg1 effects 544:550 the effects 540:550 the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration 540:603 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 5 40 theme uniform 722:728 arg1 distribution 730:741 uniform distribution 722:741 uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix 722:777 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 9 41 theme corrosion 1339:1347 arg1 characterizations 1349:1365 electrochemical corrosion characterizations 1323:1365 electrochemical corrosion characterizations 1323:1365 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 4 42 theme HNT 662:664 arg1 particles 666:674 HNT particles 662:674 HNT particles 662:674 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 3 43 theme stabilizing 452:462 arg1 agent 488:492 a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent 450:492 a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles 450:510 The ability of chitosan as a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles was exploited. 26652428 2 44 theme matrix 406:411 arg1 coatings 413:420 chitosan matrix coatings 397:420 chitosan matrix coatings 397:420 Using HNT particles were investigated as new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in chitosan matrix coatings. 26652428 6 45 theme anionic 943:949 arg1 states 951:956 cathodic and anionic states 930:956 cathodic and anionic states 930:956 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 0 46 theme titanium 143:150 arg1 substrate 152:160 titanium substrate 143:160 titanium substrate 143:160 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 6 47 theme more 980:983 arg1 values 964:969 pH values 961:969 pH values less and more than 3, respectively 961:1004 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 7 48 dep 3 1084:1084 arg1 to 1081:1082 to 1081:1082 to 1081:1082 Therefore, CS/HNT composite deposits were produced in the pH range of 2.5 to 3. 26652428 8 49 theme body 1294:1297 arg1 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 49 theme body 1294:1297 arg1 fluid 1299:1303 corrected simulated body fluid 1274:1303 corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1274:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 5 50 theme particles 750:758 arg1 distribution 730:741 uniform distribution 722:741 uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix 722:777 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 0 51 theme corrosion 41:49 arg1 behavior 51:58 corrosion behavior 41:58 corrosion behavior 41:58 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26652428 8 52 theme chitosan-HNT 1119:1130 arg1 coating 1142:1148 chitosan-HNT composite coating 1119:1148 chitosan-HNT composite coating 1119:1148 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 7 53 theme CS/HNT 1018:1023 arg1 deposits 1035:1042 CS/HNT composite deposits 1018:1042 CS/HNT composite deposits 1018:1042 Therefore, CS/HNT composite deposits were produced in the pH range of 2.5 to 3. 26652428 8 54 theme simulated 1284:1292 arg1 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 54 theme simulated 1284:1292 arg1 fluid 1299:1303 corrected simulated body fluid 1274:1303 corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1274:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 6 55 theme cathodic 930:937 arg1 states 951:956 cathodic and anionic states 930:956 cathodic and anionic states 930:956 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 1 56 from deposition 268:277 arg1 substrate 297:305 titanium substrate 288:305 titanium substrate 288:305 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 8 57 theme corrected 1274:1282 arg1 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 57 theme corrected 1274:1282 arg1 fluid 1299:1303 corrected simulated body fluid 1274:1303 corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1274:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 9 58 theme corrosion 1383:1391 arg1 resistance 1393:1402 corrosion resistance 1383:1402 corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating 1383:1420 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 9 59 from resistance 1393:1402 arg1 coating 1414:1420 CS/HNT coating 1407:1420 CS/HNT coating 1407:1420 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 6 60 contain have 925:928 arg1 it 916:917 it 916:917 it 916:917 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 6 60 contain have 925:928 arg2 states 951:956 cathodic and anionic states 930:956 cathodic and anionic states 930:956 The zeta potential results revealed that at pH around 3 there is an isoelectric point for HNT and it would have cathodic and anionic states at pH values less and more than 3, respectively. 26652428 2 61 theme new 349:351 arg1 substituents 353:364 new substituents 349:364 new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 349:392 Using HNT particles were investigated as new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in chitosan matrix coatings. 26652428 4 62 theme duration 596:603 arg1 effects 544:550 the effects 540:550 the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration 540:603 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 5 63 from distribution 730:741 arg1 matrix 772:777 chitosan matrix 763:777 chitosan matrix 763:777 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 8 64 from coating 1263:1269 arg1 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 C-SBF 1306:1310 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 8 64 from coating 1263:1269 arg1 fluid 1299:1303 corrected simulated body fluid 1274:1303 corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1274:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 3 65 theme blending 479:486 arg1 agent 488:492 a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent 450:492 a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles 450:510 The ability of chitosan as a stabilizing, charging, and blending agent for HNT particles was exploited. 26652428 4 66 theme sonicating 585:594 arg1 duration 596:603 sonicating duration 585:603 sonicating duration 585:603 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 5 67 theme chitosan 763:770 arg1 matrix 772:777 chitosan matrix 763:777 chitosan matrix 763:777 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 4 68 contain containing 651:660 arg2 particles 666:674 HNT particles 662:674 HNT particles 662:674 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 4 68 contain containing 651:660 arg1 suspensions 639:649 suspensions 639:649 suspensions containing HNT particles 639:674 Furthermore, the effects of pH, electrophoretic bath, and sonicating duration were studied on the deposition of suspensions containing HNT particles. 26652428 1 69 theme CS/HNT 217:222 arg1 coatings 225:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings 177:232 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 2 70 theme chitosan 397:404 arg1 coatings 413:420 chitosan matrix coatings 397:420 chitosan matrix coatings 397:420 Using HNT particles were investigated as new substituents for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in chitosan matrix coatings. 26652428 1 71 theme electrophoretic 252:266 arg1 EPD 280:282 EPD 280:282 EPD 280:282 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 1 71 theme electrophoretic 252:266 arg1 deposition 268:277 electrophoretic deposition 252:277 electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate 252:305 In this study chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite (CS/HNT) coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on titanium substrate. 26652428 9 72 theme titanium 1457:1464 arg1 substrate 1466:1474 bare titanium substrate 1452:1474 bare titanium substrate 1452:1474 Finally, electrochemical corrosion characterizations determined that corrosion resistance in CS/HNT coating has been improved compared to bare titanium substrate. 26652428 5 73 theme nanocomposite 794:806 arg1 coatings 808:815 smooth nanocomposite coatings 787:815 smooth nanocomposite coatings 787:815 Microstructure properties of coatings showed uniform distribution of HNT particles in chitosan matrix to form smooth nanocomposite coatings. 26652428 8 74 theme carbonated 1217:1226 arg1 particles 1243:1251 carbonated hydroxyapatite particles 1217:1251 carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF) 1217:1311 The apatite inducing ability of chitosan-HNT composite coating assigned that HNT particles were biocompatible because they formed carbonated hydroxyapatite particles on CS/HNT coating in corrected simulated body fluid (C-SBF). 26652428 0 75 from deposition 129:138 arg1 substrate 152:160 titanium substrate 143:160 titanium substrate 143:160 Structure, apatite inducing ability, and corrosion behavior of chitosan/halloysite nanotube coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition on titanium substrate. 26249587 3 0 theme scanning 517:524 arg1 microcopy 526:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy 502:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 502:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 3 0 theme scanning 517:524 arg1 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 1 1 theme serum 260:264 arg1 albumin 266:272 bovine serum albumin 253:272 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 253:278 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 1 1 theme serum 260:264 arg1 BSA 275:277 BSA 275:277 BSA 275:277 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 2 2 theme BSA 497:499 arg1 release 474:480 the initial burst release 456:480 the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA 456:499 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 7 3 theme excess 1310:1315 arg1 calcium 1317:1323 excess calcium 1310:1323 excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate 1310:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 7 4 link cross-linked 1363:1374 arg1 alginate 1376:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 1 5 theme Poly 71:74 arg1 microspheres 108:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 3 6 theme microspheres 581:592 arg1 microcopy 526:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy 502:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 502:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 3 6 theme microspheres 581:592 arg1 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 6 7 theme microspheres 1054:1065 arg1 biocompatibility 1011:1026 The biocompatibility 1007:1026 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres 1007:1065 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 5 8 theme composite 983:991 arg1 microspheres 993:1004 both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 955:1004 microspheres 993:1004 When loaded with anti-laminin antibody, the function of released antibody was well preserved in both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 7 9 theme alginate 1215:1222 arg1 inclusion 1202:1210 the inclusion 1198:1210 the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres 1198:1248 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 3 10 theme PLGA/alginate 557:569 arg1 microspheres 581:592 BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 546:592 BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 546:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 5 11 theme PLGA/alginate 969:981 arg1 microspheres 993:1004 both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 955:1004 microspheres 993:1004 When loaded with anti-laminin antibody, the function of released antibody was well preserved in both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 4 12 theme electron 733:740 arg1 microscopy 742:751 Scanning electron microscopy 724:751 Scanning electron microscopy 724:751 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PLGA microspheres erode and degrade more quickly than PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 2 13 theme encapsulation 419:431 arg1 efficiency 433:442 the encapsulation efficiency 415:442 the encapsulation efficiency 415:442 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 1 14 theme lactic-co-glycolic 76:93 arg1 microspheres 108:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 5 15 theme released 915:922 arg1 antibody 924:931 released antibody 915:931 released antibody 915:931 When loaded with anti-laminin antibody, the function of released antibody was well preserved in both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 6 16 theme lines 1115:1119 arg1 types 1092:1096 four types 1087:1096 four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types 1087:1156 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 6 17 theme PLGA/alginate 1040:1052 arg1 microspheres 1054:1065 PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres 1031:1065 microspheres 1054:1065 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 2 18 theme hydrophilic 485:495 arg1 BSA 497:499 hydrophilic BSA 485:499 hydrophilic BSA 485:499 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 1 19 theme acid 95:98 arg1 microspheres 108:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 2 20 theme microsphere 381:391 arg1 preparation 393:403 microsphere preparation 381:403 microsphere preparation 381:403 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 0 21 theme composite 14:22 arg1 microspheres 24:35 composite microspheres 14:35 composite microspheres for hydrophilic protein delivery 14:68 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres for hydrophilic protein delivery. 26249587 7 22 theme different 1286:1294 arg1 types 1301:1305 different cell types 1286:1305 different cell types 1286:1305 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 4 23 theme PLGA 767:770 arg1 microspheres 772:783 PLGA microspheres 767:783 PLGA microspheres 767:783 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PLGA microspheres erode and degrade more quickly than PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 6 24 theme different 1135:1143 arg1 types 1152:1156 different tissue types 1135:1156 different tissue types 1135:1156 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 1 25 theme double 187:192 arg1 emulsion 194:201 a novel double emulsion 179:201 a novel double emulsion 179:201 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 7 26 theme Cell 1159:1162 arg1 survival 1164:1171 Cell survival 1159:1171 Cell survival 1159:1171 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 1 27 theme emulsion 194:201 arg1 technique 227:235 a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique 179:235 a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique 179:235 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 7 28 theme composite 1227:1235 arg1 microspheres 1237:1248 composite microspheres 1227:1248 composite microspheres 1227:1248 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 6 29 theme tissue 1145:1150 arg1 types 1152:1156 different tissue types 1135:1156 different tissue types 1135:1156 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 1 30 theme PLGA 102:105 arg1 microspheres 108:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 71:119 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 5 31 theme anti-laminin 876:887 arg1 antibody 889:896 anti-laminin antibody 876:896 anti-laminin antibody 876:896 When loaded with anti-laminin antibody, the function of released antibody was well preserved in both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 1 32 theme rabbit 283:288 arg1 antibody 303:310 rabbit anti-laminin antibody 283:310 rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein 283:318 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 3 33 theme laser 511:515 arg1 microcopy 526:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy 502:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 502:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 3 33 theme laser 511:515 arg1 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 7 34 attach released 1337:1344 arg1 alginate 1376:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 7 34 attach released 1337:1344 arg2 calcium 1317:1323 excess calcium 1310:1323 excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate 1310:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 1 35 theme solvent 207:213 arg1 evaporation 215:225 solvent evaporation 207:225 solvent evaporation 207:225 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 0 36 theme protein 53:59 arg1 delivery 61:68 hydrophilic protein delivery 41:68 hydrophilic protein delivery 41:68 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres for hydrophilic protein delivery. 26249587 1 37 theme anti-laminin 290:301 arg1 antibody 303:310 rabbit anti-laminin antibody 283:310 rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein 283:318 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 6 38 theme cell 1110:1113 arg1 lines 1115:1119 cultured cell lines 1101:1119 cultured cell lines 1101:1119 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 2 39 theme surfactant 363:372 arg1 use 354:356 the use 350:356 the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation 350:403 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 2 39 theme surfactant 363:372 arg1 addition 325:332 The addition 321:332 The addition of alginate 321:344 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 1 40 theme evaporation 215:225 arg1 technique 227:235 a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique 179:235 a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique 179:235 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 0 41 theme hydrophilic 41:51 arg1 delivery 61:68 hydrophilic protein delivery 41:68 hydrophilic protein delivery 41:68 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres for hydrophilic protein delivery. 26249587 1 42 theme antibody 303:310 arg1 protein 312:318 rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein 283:318 rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein 283:318 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 4 43 theme Scanning 724:731 arg1 microscopy 742:751 Scanning electron microscopy 724:751 Scanning electron microscopy 724:751 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PLGA microspheres erode and degrade more quickly than PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 6 44 theme cultured 1101:1108 arg1 lines 1115:1119 cultured cell lines 1101:1119 cultured cell lines 1101:1119 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 6 45 theme PLGA 1031:1034 arg1 microspheres 1054:1065 PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres 1031:1065 microspheres 1054:1065 The biocompatibility of PLGA and PLGA/alginate microspheres were examined using four types of cultured cell lines, representing different tissue types. 26249587 3 46 theme Confocal 502:509 arg1 microcopy 526:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy 502:534 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 502:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 3 46 theme Confocal 502:509 arg1 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 CLSM 537:540 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 2 47 theme burst 468:472 arg1 release 474:480 the initial burst release 456:480 the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA 456:499 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 2 48 theme alginate 337:344 arg1 use 354:356 the use 350:356 the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation 350:403 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 2 48 theme alginate 337:344 arg1 addition 325:332 The addition 321:332 The addition of alginate 321:344 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 3 49 theme core/shell 689:698 arg1 structure 700:708 no core/shell structure 686:708 no core/shell structure 686:708 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 4 50 theme PLGA/alginate 821:833 arg1 microspheres 845:856 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 821:856 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 821:856 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PLGA microspheres erode and degrade more quickly than PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 1 51 theme PLGA/alginate 125:137 arg1 microspheres 149:160 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 125:160 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 125:160 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 3 52 theme composite 571:579 arg1 microspheres 581:592 BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 546:592 BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 546:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 3 53 theme microspheres 672:683 arg1 depths 662:667 the depths 658:667 the depths of microspheres 658:683 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 3 54 theme BSA-loaded 546:555 arg1 microspheres 581:592 BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 546:592 BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 546:592 Confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) of BSA-loaded PLGA/alginate composite microspheres showed that PLGA, alginate, and BSA were distributed throughout the depths of microspheres; no core/shell structure was observed. 26249587 1 55 theme composite 139:147 arg1 microspheres 149:160 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 125:160 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 125:160 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 7 56 theme cell 1296:1299 arg1 types 1301:1305 different cell types 1286:1305 different cell types 1286:1305 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 7 57 theme calcium 1355:1361 arg1 alginate 1376:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 7 58 theme cross-linked 1363:1374 arg1 alginate 1376:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 the calcium cross-linked alginate 1351:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 1 59 theme novel 181:185 arg1 emulsion 194:201 a novel double emulsion 179:201 a novel double emulsion 179:201 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 5 60 theme antibody 924:931 arg1 function 903:910 the function 899:910 the function of released antibody 899:931 When loaded with anti-laminin antibody, the function of released antibody was well preserved in both PLGA and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 7 61 theme types 1301:1305 arg1 sensitivity 1271:1281 the sensitivity 1267:1281 the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate 1267:1383 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 7 62 from inclusion 1202:1210 arg1 microspheres 1237:1248 composite microspheres 1227:1248 composite microspheres 1227:1248 Cell survival was variably affected by the inclusion of alginate in composite microspheres, possibly due to the sensitivity of different cell types to excess calcium that may be released from the calcium cross-linked alginate. 26249587 4 63 theme composite 835:843 arg1 microspheres 845:856 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 821:856 PLGA/alginate composite microspheres 821:856 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PLGA microspheres erode and degrade more quickly than PLGA/alginate composite microspheres. 26249587 2 64 theme initial 460:466 arg1 release 474:480 the initial burst release 456:480 the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA 456:499 The addition of alginate and the use of a surfactant during microsphere preparation increased the encapsulation efficiency and reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic BSA. 26249587 1 65 theme bovine 253:258 arg1 albumin 266:272 bovine serum albumin 253:272 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 253:278 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 26249587 1 65 theme bovine 253:258 arg1 BSA 275:277 BSA 275:277 BSA 275:277 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and PLGA/alginate composite microspheres were prepared by a novel double emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rabbit anti-laminin antibody protein. 24239005 8 0 theme in 1671:1672 arg1 conducive 1700:1708 conducive 1700:1708 conducive 1700:1708 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 8 0 theme in 1671:1672 arg1 environment 1680:1690 a controlled in vitro environment 1658:1690 a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis 1658:1726 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 3 1 theme culture 693:699 arg1 conditions 701:710 both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions 662:710 conditions 701:710 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 6 2 theme cell 1342:1345 arg1 viability 1347:1355 MSC-laden construct cell viability 1322:1355 MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points 1322:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 2 3 theme properties 369:378 arg1 development 331:341 the development 327:341 the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 327:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 7 4 theme hyaluronic 1535:1544 arg1 HA 1552:1553 HA 1552:1553 HA 1552:1553 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 7 4 theme hyaluronic 1535:1544 arg1 acid 1546:1549 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid 1514:1549 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis 1514:1618 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 7 5 theme similar 1480:1486 arg1 findings 1488:1495 similar findings 1480:1495 similar findings 1480:1495 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 6 6 theme MSC-laden 1322:1330 arg1 viability 1347:1355 MSC-laden construct cell viability 1322:1355 MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points 1322:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 0 7 with unstable 80:87 arg1 culture 118:124 very long-term in vitro culture 94:124 very long-term in vitro culture 94:124 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 2 8 theme cartilage 293:301 arg1 constructs 303:312 tissue engineered cartilage constructs 275:312 tissue engineered cartilage constructs 275:312 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 6 9 theme marked 1222:1227 arg1 differences 1229:1239 marked differences 1222:1239 marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs 1222:1284 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 3 10 theme MSC-laden 718:726 arg1 constructs 728:737 MSC-laden constructs 718:737 MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56 718:804 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 2 11 theme tissue 275:280 arg1 constructs 303:312 tissue engineered cartilage constructs 275:312 tissue engineered cartilage constructs 275:312 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 7 12 theme material 1455:1462 arg1 environment 1464:1474 the material environment 1451:1474 the material environment 1451:1474 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 3 13 theme mechanical 761:770 arg1 properties 772:781 mechanical properties 761:781 mechanical properties between days 28 and 56 761:804 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 6 14 theme culture 1301:1307 arg1 period 1309:1314 the culture period 1297:1314 the culture period 1297:1314 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 1 15 theme regenerate 193:202 arg1 tissue 204:209 the regenerate tissue 189:209 the regenerate tissue 189:209 The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair requires that the regenerate tissue reach a stable state. 24239005 0 16 link marrow-derived 30:43 arg1 cartilage 66:74 bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage 25:74 bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage 25:74 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 5 17 theme growth 1086:1091 arg1 trajectory 1093:1102 their growth trajectory 1080:1102 their growth trajectory 1080:1102 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 4 18 theme mechanical 938:947 arg1 properties 949:958 construct mechanical properties 928:958 construct mechanical properties 928:958 Extending cultures through day 112 revealed that MSCs did not simply experience a lag in chondrogenesis, but rather that construct mechanical properties never matched those of chondrocyte-laden constructs. 24239005 1 19 theme stable 219:224 arg1 state 226:230 a stable state 217:230 a stable state 217:230 The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair requires that the regenerate tissue reach a stable state. 24239005 5 20 theme marked 1061:1066 arg1 reversal 1068:1075 a marked reversal 1059:1075 a marked reversal in their growth trajectory 1059:1102 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 3 21 theme TGF-β 602:606 arg1 presence 590:597 the presence 586:597 the presence of TGF-β 586:606 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 3 22 theme previous 565:572 arg1 reports 574:580 previous reports 565:580 previous reports 565:580 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 8 23 theme composition 1817:1827 arg1 independent 1793:1803 independent 1793:1803 independent 1793:1803 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 8 23 theme composition 1817:1827 arg1 phenotype 1775:1783 the MSC phenotype 1767:1783 the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair 1767:1902 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 4 24 theme chondrocyte-laden 983:999 arg1 constructs 1001:1010 chondrocyte-laden constructs 983:1010 chondrocyte-laden constructs 983:1010 Extending cultures through day 112 revealed that MSCs did not simply experience a lag in chondrogenesis, but rather that construct mechanical properties never matched those of chondrocyte-laden constructs. 24239005 4 25 from lag 889:891 arg1 chondrogenesis 896:909 chondrogenesis 896:909 chondrogenesis 896:909 Extending cultures through day 112 revealed that MSCs did not simply experience a lag in chondrogenesis, but rather that construct mechanical properties never matched those of chondrocyte-laden constructs. 24239005 1 26 theme cell-based 147:156 arg1 repair 168:173 stem cell-based cartilage repair 142:173 stem cell-based cartilage repair 142:173 The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair requires that the regenerate tissue reach a stable state. 24239005 5 27 from reversal 1068:1075 arg1 trajectory 1093:1102 their growth trajectory 1080:1102 their growth trajectory 1080:1102 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 5 28 theme mechanical 1164:1173 arg1 properties 1175:1184 mechanical properties 1164:1184 mechanical properties 1164:1184 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 1 29 theme repair 168:173 arg1 success 131:137 The success 127:137 The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair 127:173 The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair requires that the regenerate tissue reach a stable state. 24239005 0 30 theme long-term 99:107 arg1 culture 118:124 very long-term in vitro culture 94:124 very long-term in vitro culture 94:124 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 6 31 from points 1407:1412 arg1 levels 1377:1382 very low levels 1368:1382 very low levels at these extended time points 1368:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 7 32 theme MSC 1601:1603 arg1 chondrogenesis 1605:1618 MSC chondrogenesis 1601:1618 MSC chondrogenesis 1601:1618 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 3 33 from plateau 750:756 arg1 properties 772:781 mechanical properties 761:781 mechanical properties between days 28 and 56 761:804 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 6 34 theme time 1402:1405 arg1 points 1407:1412 these extended time points 1387:1412 these extended time points 1387:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 0 35 dep long-term 99:107 arg1 in 109:110 in 109:110 in 109:110 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 6 36 from differences 1229:1239 arg1 health 1249:1254 cell health 1244:1254 cell health 1244:1254 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 2 37 theme stem 411:414 arg1 cell 416:419 mesenchymal stem cell 399:419 mesenchymal stem cell 399:419 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 0 38 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 properties 11:20 Functional properties 0:20 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage 0:74 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 8 39 theme cartilage 1887:1895 arg1 repair 1897:1902 functional cartilage repair 1876:1902 functional cartilage repair 1876:1902 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 2 40 theme agarose 451:457 arg1 constructs 459:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs 383:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 383:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 40 theme agarose 451:457 arg1 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 41 theme defined 489:495 arg1 environment 519:529 a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment 482:529 a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment 482:529 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 8 42 from instability 1752:1762 arg1 independent 1793:1803 independent 1793:1803 independent 1793:1803 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 8 42 from instability 1752:1762 arg1 phenotype 1775:1783 the MSC phenotype 1767:1783 the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair 1767:1902 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 0 43 theme marrow-derived 30:43 arg1 cartilage 66:74 bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage 25:74 bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage 25:74 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 0 44 dep engineered 55:64 arg1 MSC-based 45:53 MSC-based 45:53 MSC-based 45:53 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 2 45 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 properties 369:378 compressive mechanical properties 346:378 compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 346:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 7 46 theme hydrogel 1556:1563 arg1 system 1565:1570 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system 1514:1570 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis 1514:1618 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 0 47 dep marrow-derived 30:43 arg1 engineered 55:64 engineered 55:64 engineered 55:64 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 3 48 theme dynamic 685:691 arg1 conditions 701:710 both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions 662:710 conditions 701:710 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 7 49 theme acid 1546:1549 arg1 system 1565:1570 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system 1514:1570 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis 1514:1618 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 7 50 theme photocrosslinkable 1516:1533 arg1 HA 1552:1553 HA 1552:1553 HA 1552:1553 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 7 50 theme photocrosslinkable 1516:1533 arg1 acid 1546:1549 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid 1514:1549 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis 1514:1618 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 8 51 theme controlled 1660:1669 arg1 conducive 1700:1708 conducive 1700:1708 conducive 1700:1708 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 8 51 theme controlled 1660:1669 arg1 environment 1680:1690 a controlled in vitro environment 1658:1690 a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis 1658:1726 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 6 52 theme construct 1332:1340 arg1 viability 1347:1355 MSC-laden construct cell viability 1322:1355 MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points 1322:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 2 53 theme constructs 303:312 arg1 stability 262:270 the long-term stability 248:270 the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs 248:312 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 6 54 theme viability 1205:1213 arg1 Quantification 1187:1200 Quantification 1187:1200 Quantification of viability 1187:1213 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 2 55 theme engineered 282:291 arg1 constructs 303:312 tissue engineered cartilage constructs 275:312 tissue engineered cartilage constructs 275:312 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 8 56 theme innate 1745:1750 arg1 instability 1752:1762 an innate instability 1742:1762 an innate instability 1742:1762 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 8 57 dep in 1671:1672 arg1 vitro 1674:1678 vitro 1674:1678 vitro 1674:1678 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 6 58 theme extended 1393:1400 arg1 points 1407:1412 these extended time points 1387:1412 these extended time points 1387:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 8 59 theme MSC 1771:1773 arg1 independent 1793:1803 independent 1793:1803 independent 1793:1803 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 8 59 theme MSC 1771:1773 arg1 phenotype 1775:1783 the MSC phenotype 1767:1783 the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair 1767:1902 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 4 60 theme construct 928:936 arg1 properties 949:958 construct mechanical properties 928:958 construct mechanical properties 928:958 Extending cultures through day 112 revealed that MSCs did not simply experience a lag in chondrogenesis, but rather that construct mechanical properties never matched those of chondrocyte-laden constructs. 24239005 6 61 theme low 1373:1375 arg1 levels 1377:1382 very low levels 1368:1382 very low levels at these extended time points 1368:1412 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 7 62 located observed 1502:1509 arg2 findings 1488:1495 similar findings 1480:1495 similar findings 1480:1495 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 7 62 located observed 1502:1509 arg1 system 1565:1570 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system 1514:1570 a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis 1514:1618 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 2 63 theme long-term 252:260 arg1 stability 262:270 the long-term stability 248:270 the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs 248:312 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 8 64 theme scaffold 1808:1815 arg1 composition 1817:1827 scaffold composition 1808:1827 scaffold composition 1808:1827 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 6 65 theme cell 1244:1247 arg1 health 1249:1254 cell health 1244:1254 cell health 1244:1254 Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. 24239005 1 66 theme cartilage 158:166 arg1 repair 168:173 stem cell-based cartilage repair 142:173 stem cell-based cartilage repair 142:173 The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair requires that the regenerate tissue reach a stable state. 24239005 7 67 theme chondrogenesis 1605:1618 arg1 supportive 1587:1596 supportive 1587:1596 supportive 1587:1596 These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. 24239005 8 68 from application 1861:1871 arg1 repair 1897:1902 functional cartilage repair 1876:1902 functional cartilage repair 1876:1902 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 2 69 dep defined 489:495 arg1 chondrogenic 497:508 chondrogenic 497:508 chondrogenic 497:508 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 69 dep defined 489:495 arg1 in 510:511 in 510:511 in 510:511 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 0 70 dep in 109:110 arg1 vitro 112:116 vitro 112:116 vitro 112:116 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 2 71 theme cell 416:419 arg1 constructs 459:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs 383:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 383:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 71 theme cell 416:419 arg1 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 5 72 theme glycosaminoglycan 1134:1150 arg1 content 1152:1158 glycosaminoglycan content 1134:1158 glycosaminoglycan content 1134:1158 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 2 73 theme constructs 459:468 arg1 properties 369:378 compressive mechanical properties 346:378 compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 346:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 74 theme mesenchymal 399:409 arg1 cell 416:419 mesenchymal stem cell 399:419 mesenchymal stem cell 399:419 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 8 75 theme functional 1876:1885 arg1 repair 1897:1902 functional cartilage repair 1876:1902 functional cartilage repair 1876:1902 These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair. 24239005 2 76 theme dimensional 439:449 arg1 constructs 459:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs 383:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 383:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 76 theme dimensional 439:449 arg1 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 77 theme -laden 426:431 arg1 constructs 459:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs 383:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 383:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 77 theme -laden 426:431 arg1 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 3 78 with Consistent 549:558 arg1 reports 574:580 previous reports 565:580 previous reports 565:580 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 5 79 theme MSC-laden 1028:1036 arg1 constructs 1038:1047 MSC-laden constructs 1028:1047 MSC-laden constructs 1028:1047 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 0 80 theme cartilage 66:74 arg1 properties 11:20 Functional properties 0:20 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage 0:74 Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. 24239005 2 81 dep in 510:511 arg1 vitro 513:517 vitro 513:517 vitro 513:517 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 5 82 dep significant 1110:1120 arg1 declines 1122:1129 declines 1122:1129 declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties 1122:1184 After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. 24239005 2 83 theme compressive 346:356 arg1 properties 369:378 compressive mechanical properties 346:378 compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 346:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 3 84 theme free 667:670 arg1 swelling 672:679 both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions 662:710 swelling 672:679 Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. 24239005 4 85 theme Extending 807:815 arg1 cultures 817:824 Extending cultures 807:824 Extending cultures through day 112 807:840 Extending cultures through day 112 revealed that MSCs did not simply experience a lag in chondrogenesis, but rather that construct mechanical properties never matched those of chondrocyte-laden constructs. 24239005 2 86 theme chondrocyte 383:393 arg1 constructs 459:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs 383:468 chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days 383:546 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 24239005 2 86 theme chondrocyte 383:393 arg1 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 MSC 422:424 To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. 28795457 0 0 theme Control 73:79 arg1 Parameters 92:101 Control Processing Parameters 73:101 Control Processing Parameters 73:101 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution Shape as a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters. 28795457 2 1 theme polymers 363:370 arg1 composition 348:358 the precise composition 336:358 the precise composition 336:358 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 1 2 theme polymer 238:244 arg1 technologies 257:268 polymer processing technologies 238:268 polymer processing technologies 238:268 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 3 3 from effect 476:481 arg1 properties 526:535 thermal and rheological properties 502:535 properties 526:535 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 1 4 theme physical 150:157 arg1 properties 175:184 physical and rheological properties 150:184 physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies 150:268 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 1 5 theme processing 246:255 arg1 technologies 257:268 polymer processing technologies 238:268 polymer processing technologies 238:268 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 4 6 theme increased 713:721 arg1 stiffness 723:731 increased stiffness 713:731 increased stiffness 713:731 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 0 7 theme Processing 81:90 arg1 Parameters 92:101 Control Processing Parameters 73:101 Control Processing Parameters 73:101 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution Shape as a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters. 28795457 5 8 theme synthetic 925:933 arg1 strategy 935:942 the synthetic strategy 921:942 the synthetic strategy 921:942 These observed differences are attributed to the chain length composition of the polymers, easily controlled by the synthetic strategy. 28795457 3 9 theme rheological 514:524 arg1 properties 526:535 thermal and rheological properties 502:535 properties 526:535 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 5 10 theme polymers 890:897 arg1 composition 871:881 the chain length composition 854:881 the chain length composition 854:881 These observed differences are attributed to the chain length composition of the polymers, easily controlled by the synthetic strategy. 28795457 5 11 theme observed 815:822 arg1 differences 824:834 These observed differences 809:834 These observed differences 809:834 These observed differences are attributed to the chain length composition of the polymers, easily controlled by the synthetic strategy. 28795457 5 12 theme length 864:869 arg1 composition 871:881 the chain length composition 854:881 the chain length composition 854:881 These observed differences are attributed to the chain length composition of the polymers, easily controlled by the synthetic strategy. 28795457 3 13 theme thermal 502:508 arg1 properties 526:535 thermal and rheological properties 502:535 properties 526:535 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 1 14 theme rheological 163:173 arg1 properties 175:184 physical and rheological properties 150:184 physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies 150:268 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 3 15 theme polymers 540:547 arg1 properties 526:535 thermal and rheological properties 502:535 properties 526:535 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 6 16 theme controlled 1034:1043 arg1 synthesis 1045:1053 controlled synthesis 1034:1053 controlled synthesis 1034:1053 This work demonstrates a versatile approach to engineer the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD. 28795457 2 17 theme distribution 438:449 arg1 symmetry 409:416 symmetry 409:416 symmetry 409:416 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 2 17 theme distribution 438:449 arg1 shape 399:403 shape 399:403 shape 399:403 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 2 18 theme partial 310:316 arg1 information 318:328 only partial information 305:328 only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD) 305:455 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 0 19 theme Weight 26:31 arg1 Distribution 33:44 Molecular Weight Distribution 16:44 Molecular Weight Distribution 16:44 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution Shape as a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters. 28795457 4 20 theme apparent 774:781 arg1 viscosities 783:793 higher apparent viscosities 767:793 higher apparent viscosities 767:793 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 1 21 theme polymers 189:196 arg1 properties 175:184 physical and rheological properties 150:184 physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies 150:268 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 2 22 theme molecular 421:429 arg1 distribution 438:449 molecular weight distribution 421:449 molecular weight distribution (MWD) 421:455 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 2 22 theme molecular 421:429 arg1 MWD 452:454 MWD 452:454 MWD 452:454 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 1 23 theme Molecular 104:112 arg1 weight 114:119 Molecular weight 104:119 Molecular weight 104:119 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 4 24 theme molecular 650:658 arg1 weight 660:665 higher molecular weight 643:665 higher molecular weight 643:665 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 4 25 theme higher 767:772 arg1 viscosities 783:793 higher apparent viscosities 767:793 higher apparent viscosities 767:793 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 5 26 theme chain 858:862 arg1 composition 871:881 the chain length composition 854:881 the chain length composition 854:881 These observed differences are attributed to the chain length composition of the polymers, easily controlled by the synthetic strategy. 28795457 0 27 theme Distribution 33:44 arg1 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution 0:44 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution Shape as a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters. 28795457 2 28 dep shape 399:403 arg1 the 395:397 the 395:397 the 395:397 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 1 29 from importance 224:233 arg1 technologies 257:268 polymer processing technologies 238:268 polymer processing technologies 238:268 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 3 30 theme identical 554:562 arg1 weights 574:580 identical molecular weights 554:580 identical molecular weights 554:580 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 4 31 theme higher 670:675 arg1 transition 683:692 a higher glass transition 668:692 a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ) 668:710 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 2 32 theme weight 431:436 arg1 distribution 438:449 molecular weight distribution 421:449 molecular weight distribution (MWD) 421:455 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 2 32 theme weight 431:436 arg1 MWD 452:454 MWD 452:454 MWD 452:454 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 3 33 theme molecular 564:572 arg1 weights 574:580 identical molecular weights 554:580 identical molecular weights 554:580 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 2 34 theme precise 340:346 arg1 composition 348:358 the precise composition 336:358 the precise composition 336:358 However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). 28795457 3 35 with polymers 540:547 arg1 weights 574:580 identical molecular weights 554:580 identical molecular weights 554:580 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 3 35 with polymers 540:547 arg1 Ð 586:586 Ð 586:586 Ð 586:586 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 4 36 theme thermal 744:750 arg1 stability 752:760 increased thermal stability 734:760 increased thermal stability 734:760 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 4 37 theme higher 643:648 arg1 weight 660:665 higher molecular weight 643:665 higher molecular weight 643:665 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 4 38 theme transition 683:692 arg1 Tg 707:708 Tg 707:708 Tg 707:708 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 4 38 theme transition 683:692 arg1 temperature 694:704 a higher glass transition temperature 668:704 a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ) 668:710 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 6 39 theme MWD 1076:1078 arg1 shape 1067:1071 the shape 1063:1071 the shape of MWD 1063:1078 This work demonstrates a versatile approach to engineer the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD. 28795457 4 40 theme increased 734:742 arg1 stability 752:760 increased thermal stability 734:760 increased thermal stability 734:760 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 4 41 theme glass 677:681 arg1 transition 683:692 a higher glass transition 668:692 a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ) 668:710 Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg ), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. 28795457 1 42 theme significant 212:222 arg1 importance 224:233 significant importance 212:233 significant importance 212:233 Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. 28795457 6 43 theme polymers 1019:1026 arg1 properties 1005:1014 the properties 1001:1014 the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD 1001:1078 This work demonstrates a versatile approach to engineer the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD. 28795457 3 44 theme MWD 486:488 arg1 symmetry 490:497 MWD symmetry 486:497 MWD symmetry 486:497 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 0 45 theme New 57:59 arg1 Strategy 61:68 a New Strategy 55:68 a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters 55:101 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution Shape as a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters. 28795457 0 46 theme Molecular 16:24 arg1 Distribution 33:44 Molecular Weight Distribution 16:44 Molecular Weight Distribution 16:44 Manipulation of Molecular Weight Distribution Shape as a New Strategy to Control Processing Parameters. 28795457 3 47 theme symmetry 490:497 arg1 effect 476:481 the effect 472:481 the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð 472:586 In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. 28795457 6 48 theme versatile 970:978 arg1 approach 980:987 a versatile approach 968:987 a versatile approach to engineer the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD 968:1078 This work demonstrates a versatile approach to engineer the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD. 29195799 0 0 theme Pb 99:100 arg1 adsorption 85:94 adsorption 85:94 adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution 85:126 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 1 1 theme alginate 171:178 arg1 beads 199:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 29195799 6 2 theme adsorption 985:994 arg1 capacity 996:1003 an adsorption capacity 982:1003 an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 982:1017 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 6 3 theme acid 864:867 arg1 treatment 869:877 acid treatment 864:877 acid treatment 864:877 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 6 4 theme repeated 1030:1037 arg1 cycles 1039:1044 five repeated cycles 1025:1044 five repeated cycles 1025:1044 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 3 5 theme ion 453:455 arg1 ion 453:455 the Pb(II) ion 442:455 the Pb(II) ion 442:455 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 3 5 theme ion 453:455 arg1 % 437:437 76% 435:437 76% of the Pb(II) ion 435:455 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 2 6 theme beads 304:308 arg1 structure 262:270 structure 262:270 structure 262:270 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 2 6 theme beads 304:308 arg1 properties 276:285 properties 276:285 properties 276:285 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 3 7 theme first 481:485 arg1 2h 487:488 the first 2h 477:488 the first 2h 477:488 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 2 8 theme composite 294:302 arg1 beads 304:308 the composite beads 290:308 the composite beads 290:308 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 4 9 theme adsorption 636:645 arg1 capacity 647:654 an extreme adsorption capacity 625:654 an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1 625:669 The experimental isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model, yielding an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1. 29195799 4 10 theme extreme 628:634 arg1 capacity 647:654 an extreme adsorption capacity 625:654 an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1 625:669 The experimental isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model, yielding an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1. 29195799 3 11 theme % 437:437 arg1 ratio 426:430 A high ratio 419:430 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion 419:455 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 1 12 theme CCN-Alg 181:187 arg1 beads 199:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 29195799 6 13 theme Pb 939:940 arg1 adsorptions 946:956 repeated Pb(II) adsorptions 930:956 repeated Pb(II) adsorptions 930:956 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 5 14 theme pseudo-second-order 706:724 arg1 model 734:738 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 704:738 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 704:738 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 3 15 theme high 421:424 arg1 ratio 426:430 A high ratio 419:430 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion 419:455 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 7 16 theme wastewater 1168:1177 arg1 treatment 1179:1187 wastewater treatment 1168:1187 wastewater treatment 1168:1187 These results indicate that these CCN-Alg beads are a potentially effective and sustainable adsorbent for application in wastewater treatment. 29195799 4 17 theme 338.98mgg-1 659:669 arg1 capacity 647:654 an extreme adsorption capacity 625:654 an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1 625:669 The experimental isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model, yielding an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1. 29195799 6 18 theme Regeneration 840:851 arg1 tests 853:857 Regeneration tests 840:857 Regeneration tests with acid treatment 840:877 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 1 19 theme hydrogel 190:197 arg1 beads 199:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 29195799 5 20 theme thermodynamic 745:757 arg1 analyses 759:766 thermodynamic analyses 745:766 thermodynamic analyses 745:766 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 6 21 theme repeated 930:937 arg1 adsorptions 946:956 repeated Pb(II) adsorptions 930:956 repeated Pb(II) adsorptions 930:956 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 5 22 theme endothermic 819:829 arg1 adsorption 787:796 the adsorption 783:796 the adsorption 783:796 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 5 22 theme endothermic 819:829 arg1 process 831:837 a spontaneous and endothermic process 801:837 a spontaneous and endothermic process 801:837 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 0 23 theme cellulose 28:36 arg1 beads 75:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 6 24 theme 223.2mgg-1 1008:1017 arg1 capacity 996:1003 an adsorption capacity 982:1003 an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 982:1017 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 2 25 theme potential 396:404 arg1 measurement 406:416 zeta potential measurement 391:416 zeta potential measurement 391:416 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 0 26 theme carboxylated 15:26 arg1 beads 75:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 0 27 theme aqueous 111:117 arg1 solution 119:126 aqueous solution 111:126 aqueous solution 111:126 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 2 28 theme zeta 391:394 arg1 measurement 406:416 zeta potential measurement 391:416 zeta potential measurement 391:416 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 0 29 theme alginate 57:64 arg1 beads 75:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 2 30 dep structure 262:270 arg1 The 258:260 The 258:260 The 258:260 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 0 31 theme nanocrystal/sodium 38:55 arg1 beads 75:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 0 32 theme beads 75:79 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 0:127 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 6 33 theme CCN-Alg 898:904 arg1 beads 906:910 the CCN-Alg beads 894:910 the CCN-Alg beads 894:910 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 7 34 from application 1153:1163 arg1 treatment 1179:1187 wastewater treatment 1168:1187 wastewater treatment 1168:1187 These results indicate that these CCN-Alg beads are a potentially effective and sustainable adsorbent for application in wastewater treatment. 29195799 3 35 theme adsorption 499:508 arg1 equilibrium 510:520 the adsorption equilibrium 495:520 the adsorption equilibrium 495:520 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 3 36 theme Pb 446:447 arg1 ion 453:455 the Pb(II) ion 442:455 the Pb(II) ion 442:455 A high ratio of 76% of the Pb(II) ion was adsorbed within the first 2h, and the adsorption equilibrium was nearly reached after 3h. 29195799 0 37 theme hydrogel 66:73 arg1 beads 75:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads 15:79 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 1 38 theme cellulose 142:150 arg1 beads 199:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 29195799 7 39 theme CCN-Alg 1081:1087 arg1 beads 1089:1093 these CCN-Alg beads 1075:1093 these CCN-Alg beads 1075:1093 These results indicate that these CCN-Alg beads are a potentially effective and sustainable adsorbent for application in wastewater treatment. 29195799 7 39 theme CCN-Alg 1081:1087 arg1 adsorbent 1139:1147 adsorbent 1139:1147 adsorbent 1139:1147 These results indicate that these CCN-Alg beads are a potentially effective and sustainable adsorbent for application in wastewater treatment. 29195799 4 40 theme Langmuir 600:607 arg1 model 609:613 the Langmuir model 596:613 the Langmuir model 596:613 The experimental isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model, yielding an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1. 29195799 6 41 with tests 853:857 arg1 treatment 869:877 acid treatment 864:877 acid treatment 864:877 Regeneration tests with acid treatment indicated that the CCN-Alg beads performed well in repeated Pb(II) adsorptions, as they could maintain an adsorption capacity of 223.2mgg-1 after five repeated cycles. 29195799 1 42 theme Carboxylated 129:140 arg1 beads 199:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 29195799 1 43 theme cross-linking 236:248 arg1 method 250:255 a cross-linking method 234:255 a cross-linking method 234:255 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 29195799 5 44 theme adsorption 676:685 arg1 process 687:693 The adsorption process 672:693 The adsorption process 672:693 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 4 45 theme experimental 555:566 arg1 isotherm 568:575 The experimental isotherm 551:575 The experimental isotherm 551:575 The experimental isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model, yielding an extreme adsorption capacity of 338.98mgg-1. 29195799 2 46 theme thermogravimetric 353:369 arg1 TGA 381:383 TGA 381:383 TGA 381:383 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 2 46 theme thermogravimetric 353:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 thermogravimetric analysis 353:378 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 353:384 The structure and properties of the composite beads were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurement. 29195799 5 47 theme spontaneous 803:813 arg1 adsorption 787:796 the adsorption 783:796 the adsorption 783:796 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 5 47 theme spontaneous 803:813 arg1 process 831:837 a spontaneous and endothermic process 801:837 a spontaneous and endothermic process 801:837 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 0 48 from solution 119:126 arg1 adsorption 85:94 adsorption 85:94 adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution 85:126 Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. 29195799 5 49 theme kinetic 726:732 arg1 model 734:738 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 704:738 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 704:738 The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 29195799 1 50 theme nanocrystal-sodium 152:169 arg1 beads 199:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads 129:203 Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-sodium alginate (CCN-Alg) hydrogel beads were easily prepared through a cross-linking method. 27474641 0 0 theme husk 75:78 arg1 PVA/starch 27:36 PVA/starch 27:36 PVA/starch 27:36 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 0 0 theme husk 75:78 arg1 reinforcement 42:54 reinforcement 42:54 reinforcement 42:54 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 3 1 theme St 267:268 arg1 film 277:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 1 theme St 267:268 arg1 cross 301:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 7 2 theme film 868:871 arg1 faster 877:882 faster 877:882 faster 877:882 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 7 2 theme film 868:871 arg1 rate 839:842 The degradation rate 823:842 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film 823:871 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 5 3 dep 0.5 621:623 arg1 to 618:619 to 618:619 to 618:619 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 4 4 theme water 499:503 arg1 uptake 505:510 water uptake 499:510 water uptake (%) 499:514 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 4 theme water 499:503 arg1 % 513:513 % 513:513 % 513:513 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 0 5 theme barley 68:73 arg1 husk 75:78 modified barley husk 59:78 modified barley husk 59:78 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 3 6 theme formaldehyde 288:299 arg1 film 277:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 6 theme formaldehyde 288:299 arg1 cross 301:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 4 7 theme content 440:446 arg1 effect 411:416 The effect 407:416 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films 407:559 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 6 8 theme BH 746:747 arg1 film 759:762 grafted BH composite film 738:762 grafted BH composite film 738:762 However, in grafted BH composite film, the tensile strength increased by 72.4% than PVA/St film. 27474641 8 9 theme thermal 953:959 arg1 analysis 961:968 thermal analysis 953:968 thermal analysis 953:968 Various films were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and thermal analysis. 27474641 0 10 from reinforcement 42:54 arg1 properties 87:96 the properties 83:96 the properties of composite films 83:115 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 7 11 theme BH 855:856 arg1 film 868:871 natural BH composite film 847:871 natural BH composite film 847:871 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 8 12 theme Various 902:908 arg1 films 910:914 Various films 902:914 Various films 902:914 Various films were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and thermal analysis. 27474641 5 13 theme PVA/St 713:718 arg1 film 720:723 the PVA/St film 709:723 the PVA/St film 709:723 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 6 14 theme grafted 738:744 arg1 film 759:762 grafted BH composite film 738:762 grafted BH composite film 738:762 However, in grafted BH composite film, the tensile strength increased by 72.4% than PVA/St film. 27474641 3 15 contain containing 347:356 arg1 films 321:325 PVA/St films 314:325 PVA/St films 314:325 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 15 contain containing 347:356 arg2 BH 366:367 natural BH 358:367 natural BH 358:367 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 16 theme grafted 370:376 arg1 BH 378:379 grafted BH 370:379 grafted BH 370:379 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 17 theme urea 283:286 arg1 film 277:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 17 theme urea 283:286 arg1 cross 301:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 0 18 from PVA/starch 27:36 arg1 properties 87:96 the properties 83:96 the properties of composite films 83:115 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 5 19 from ratio 605:609 arg1 blend 632:636 the blend 628:636 the blend 628:636 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 4 20 theme films 555:559 arg1 uptake 505:510 water uptake 499:510 water uptake (%) 499:514 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 20 theme films 555:559 arg1 biodegradability 521:536 biodegradability 521:536 biodegradability of the composite films 521:559 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 20 theme films 555:559 arg1 % 513:513 % 513:513 % 513:513 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 20 theme films 555:559 arg1 properties 487:496 the mechanical properties 472:496 the mechanical properties 472:496 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 5 21 theme film 672:675 arg1 strength 647:654 tensile strength 639:654 tensile strength of cross linked film 639:675 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 5 22 theme tensile 639:645 arg1 strength 647:654 tensile strength 639:654 tensile strength of cross linked film 639:675 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 4 23 from effect 411:416 arg1 uptake 505:510 water uptake 499:510 water uptake (%) 499:514 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 23 from effect 411:416 arg1 biodegradability 521:536 biodegradability 521:536 biodegradability of the composite films 521:559 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 23 from effect 411:416 arg1 % 513:513 % 513:513 % 513:513 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 23 from effect 411:416 arg1 properties 487:496 the mechanical properties 472:496 the mechanical properties 472:496 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 0 24 theme modified 59:66 arg1 husk 75:78 modified barley husk 59:78 modified barley husk 59:78 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 6 25 theme PVA/St 810:815 arg1 film 817:820 PVA/St film 810:820 PVA/St film 810:820 However, in grafted BH composite film, the tensile strength increased by 72.4% than PVA/St film. 27474641 4 26 theme ratio 433:437 arg1 effect 411:416 The effect 407:416 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films 407:559 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 3 27 theme alcohol 245:251 arg1 film 277:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 27 theme alcohol 245:251 arg1 cross 301:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 2 28 theme BH 205:206 arg1 behavior 193:200 The crystalline behavior 177:200 The crystalline behavior of BH 177:206 The crystalline behavior of BH decreased after grafting. 27474641 1 29 theme palmitic 162:169 arg1 acid 171:174 palmitic acid 162:174 palmitic acid 162:174 Barley husk (BH) was graft copolymerized by palmitic acid. 27474641 0 30 theme cross 10:14 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 0:116 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 0 31 theme composite 101:109 arg1 films 111:115 composite films 101:115 composite films 101:115 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 5 32 from 0.5 621:623 arg1 ratio 605:609 urea: starch ratio 592:609 urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend 592:636 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 5 32 from 0.5 621:623 arg1 increase 580:587 increase 580:587 increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend 580:636 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 4 33 theme mechanical 476:485 arg1 properties 487:496 the mechanical properties 472:496 the mechanical properties 472:496 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 3 34 theme Poly 234:237 arg1 alcohol 245:251 Poly vinyl alcohol 234:251 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 34 theme Poly 234:237 arg1 PVA 254:256 PVA 254:256 PVA 254:256 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 1 35 dep copolymerized 145:157 arg1 graft 139:143 graft 139:143 graft 139:143 Barley husk (BH) was graft copolymerized by palmitic acid. 27474641 4 36 theme composite 545:553 arg1 films 555:559 the composite films 541:559 the composite films 541:559 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 3 37 theme natural 358:364 arg1 BH 366:367 natural BH 358:367 natural BH 358:367 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 38 theme vinyl 239:243 arg1 alcohol 245:251 Poly vinyl alcohol 234:251 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 38 theme vinyl 239:243 arg1 PVA 254:256 PVA 254:256 PVA 254:256 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 5 39 link linked 665:670 arg1 film 672:675 cross linked film 659:675 cross linked film 659:675 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 7 40 theme natural 847:853 arg1 film 868:871 natural BH composite film 847:871 natural BH composite film 847:871 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 6 41 theme tensile 769:775 arg1 strength 777:784 the tensile strength 765:784 the tensile strength 765:784 However, in grafted BH composite film, the tensile strength increased by 72.4% than PVA/St film. 27474641 3 42 theme composite 331:339 arg1 films 341:345 composite films 331:345 composite films 331:345 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 4 43 theme BH 451:452 arg1 BH 466:467 grafted BH 458:467 grafted BH 458:467 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 43 theme BH 451:452 arg1 content 440:446 content 440:446 content of BH 440:452 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 4 43 theme BH 451:452 arg1 ratio 433:437 urea/starch ratio 421:437 urea/starch ratio 421:437 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 3 44 theme /starch 258:264 arg1 film 277:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 44 theme /starch 258:264 arg1 cross 301:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 4 45 theme urea/starch 421:431 arg1 ratio 433:437 urea/starch ratio 421:437 urea/starch ratio 421:437 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 7 46 theme PVA/St 889:894 arg1 film 896:899 PVA/St film 889:899 PVA/St film 889:899 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 5 47 theme linked 665:670 arg1 film 672:675 cross linked film 659:675 cross linked film 659:675 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 4 48 theme BH 466:467 arg1 effect 411:416 The effect 407:416 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films 407:559 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 0 49 theme films 111:115 arg1 properties 87:96 the properties 83:96 the properties of composite films 83:115 Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films. 27474641 2 50 theme crystalline 181:191 arg1 behavior 193:200 The crystalline behavior 177:200 The crystalline behavior of BH 177:206 The crystalline behavior of BH decreased after grafting. 27474641 4 51 theme grafted 458:464 arg1 BH 466:467 grafted BH 458:467 grafted BH 458:467 The effect of urea/starch ratio, content of BH and grafted BH on the mechanical properties, water uptake (%), and biodegradability of the composite films was observed. 27474641 7 52 theme composite 858:866 arg1 film 868:871 natural BH composite film 847:871 natural BH composite film 847:871 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 5 53 theme urea 592:595 arg1 ratio 605:609 urea: starch ratio 592:609 urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend 592:636 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 1 54 theme Barley 118:123 arg1 BH 131:132 BH 131:132 BH 131:132 Barley husk (BH) was graft copolymerized by palmitic acid. 27474641 1 54 theme Barley 118:123 arg1 husk 125:128 Barley husk 118:128 Barley husk (BH) 118:133 Barley husk (BH) was graft copolymerized by palmitic acid. 27474641 5 55 theme starch 598:603 arg1 ratio 605:609 urea: starch ratio 592:609 urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend 592:636 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 3 56 theme blend 271:275 arg1 film 277:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film 234:280 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 3 56 theme blend 271:275 arg1 cross 301:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 urea formaldehyde cross 283:305 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 7 57 theme degradation 827:837 arg1 faster 877:882 faster 877:882 faster 877:882 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 7 57 theme degradation 827:837 arg1 rate 839:842 The degradation rate 823:842 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film 823:871 The degradation rate of natural BH composite film was faster than PVA/St film. 27474641 6 58 theme composite 749:757 arg1 film 759:762 grafted BH composite film 738:762 grafted BH composite film 738:762 However, in grafted BH composite film, the tensile strength increased by 72.4% than PVA/St film. 27474641 5 59 theme cross 659:663 arg1 film 672:675 cross linked film 659:675 cross linked film 659:675 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 3 60 theme PVA/St 314:319 arg1 films 321:325 PVA/St films 314:325 PVA/St films 314:325 Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately. 27474641 5 61 from increase 580:587 arg1 0.5 621:623 0.5 621:623 0.5 621:623 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 27474641 5 61 from increase 580:587 arg1 ratio 605:609 urea: starch ratio 592:609 urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend 592:636 With increase in urea: starch ratio from 0 to 0.5 in the blend, tensile strength of cross linked film increased by 40.23% compared to the PVA/St film. 25243917 4 0 theme glass 843:847 arg1 column 849:854 a glass column 841:854 a glass column 841:854 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 7 1 theme % 1219:1219 arg1 efficiency 1237:1246 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency 1214:1246 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency 1214:1246 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 1 2 theme AgNPs 230:234 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 8 3 theme commercial 1597:1606 arg1 application 1608:1618 commercial application 1597:1618 commercial application 1597:1618 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 3 4 theme porous 520:525 arg1 pebbles 536:542 the porous concrete pebbles 516:542 the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion 516:585 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 5 theme embedded 237:244 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 4 6 theme nano-embedded 816:828 arg1 pebbles 830:836 Ag nano-embedded pebbles 813:836 Ag nano-embedded pebbles 813:836 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 1 7 theme metals 376:381 arg1 removal 353:359 complete removal 344:359 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 344:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 8 8 theme dyes 1401:1404 arg1 removal 1390:1396 complete removal 1381:1396 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1381:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 1 9 theme microbes 387:394 arg1 removal 353:359 complete removal 344:359 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 344:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 8 10 theme heavy 1407:1411 arg1 metals 1413:1418 heavy metals 1407:1418 heavy metals 1407:1418 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 7 11 theme working 1311:1317 arg1 pH 1319:1320 an optimum working pH 1300:1320 an optimum working pH of 6.0 1300:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 0 12 theme nano-embedded 138:150 arg1 pebbles 152:158 silver nano-embedded pebbles 131:158 silver nano-embedded pebbles 131:158 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 7 13 theme 98.30 1214:1218 arg1 % 1219:1219 % 1219:1219 % 1219:1219 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 1 14 theme water 314:318 arg1 device 333:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device 282:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 282:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 15 theme water 861:865 arg1 purifier 867:874 The water purifier 857:874 The water purifier 857:874 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 8 16 theme coli 1436:1439 arg1 removal 1390:1396 complete removal 1381:1396 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1381:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 0 17 theme heavy 61:65 arg1 metals 67:72 heavy metals 61:72 heavy metals 61:72 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 4 18 theme water 746:750 arg1 purifier 752:759 a continual running water purifier 726:759 a continual running water purifier 726:759 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 1 19 theme complete 344:351 arg1 removal 353:359 complete removal 344:359 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 344:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 8 20 theme contaminated 1460:1471 arg1 water 1473:1477 the simulated contaminated water 1446:1477 the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1446:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 7 21 theme % 1201:1201 arg1 Pb 1203:1204 99.48% Pb 1196:1204 99.48% Pb(II) 1196:1208 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 7 21 theme % 1201:1201 arg1 II 1206:1207 II 1206:1207 II 1206:1207 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 1 22 theme pebbles-based 246:258 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 23 theme heavy 913:917 arg1 capacity 936:943 excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity 895:943 capacity 936:943 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 7 24 theme microbial 1282:1290 arg1 load 1292:1295 microbial load 1282:1295 microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0 1282:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 8 25 theme material 1492:1499 arg1 water 1473:1477 the simulated contaminated water 1446:1477 the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1446:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 4 26 theme continual 728:736 arg1 purifier 752:759 a continual running water purifier 726:759 a continual running water purifier 726:759 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 0 27 theme reusable 8:15 arg1 nanocomposite 17:29 A novel reusable nanocomposite 0:29 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 0:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 5 28 theme adsorption 925:934 arg1 capacity 936:943 excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity 895:943 capacity 936:943 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 0 29 theme dyes 55:58 arg1 removal 44:50 complete removal 35:50 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 35:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 8 30 theme adsorption 1339:1348 arg1 capacity 1350:1357 The high adsorption capacity 1330:1357 The high adsorption capacity 1330:1357 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 7 31 theme bed 1166:1168 arg1 purifier 1177:1184 The bed column purifier 1162:1184 The bed column purifier 1162:1184 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 7 32 theme 99 1259:1260 arg1 % 1261:1261 % 1261:1261 % 1261:1261 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 2 33 theme cellulose 438:446 arg1 hydrolysis 424:433 acid hydrolysis 419:433 acid hydrolysis of cellulose 419:446 NC was prepared using acid hydrolysis of cellulose. 25243917 8 34 theme new 1515:1517 arg1 opportunities 1519:1531 new opportunities 1515:1531 new opportunities 1515:1531 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 3 35 theme strong 605:610 arg1 binding 612:618 a very strong binding 598:618 a very strong binding of nanoparticles 598:635 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 36 theme reusable 290:297 arg1 device 333:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device 282:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 282:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 37 theme bacterial 1026:1034 arg1 strains 1036:1042 pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains 996:1042 pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains 996:1042 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 3 38 theme porous 648:653 arg1 pebbles 655:661 the porous pebbles 644:661 the porous pebbles 644:661 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 39 theme NC 204:205 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 40 theme antibacterial 965:977 arg1 activity 979:986 long-term antibacterial activity 955:986 long-term antibacterial activity 955:986 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 7 41 theme removal 1229:1235 arg1 efficiency 1237:1246 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency 1214:1246 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency 1214:1246 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 4 42 theme different 784:792 arg1 layering 794:801 different layering 784:801 different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles 784:836 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 1 43 theme -silver 207:213 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 6 44 theme pore 1114:1117 arg1 diffusion 1119:1127 pore diffusion 1114:1127 pore diffusion 1114:1127 The adsorption mainly occurred through electrostatic interaction and pore diffusion also contributed to the process. 25243917 0 45 from water 98:102 arg1 removal 44:50 complete removal 35:50 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 35:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 7 46 theme Cr 1221:1222 arg1 efficiency 1237:1246 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency 1214:1246 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency 1214:1246 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 8 47 theme water 1578:1582 arg1 purifier 1584:1591 a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier 1544:1591 a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application 1544:1618 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 4 48 theme Ag 813:814 arg1 pebbles 830:836 Ag nano-embedded pebbles 813:836 Ag nano-embedded pebbles 813:836 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 3 49 theme nanomaterials 687:699 arg1 leaching 701:708 any nanomaterials leaching 683:708 any nanomaterials leaching 683:708 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 50 theme present 165:171 arg1 work 173:176 The present work 161:176 The present work 161:176 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 4 51 theme pebbles 830:836 arg1 layering 794:801 different layering 784:801 different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles 784:836 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 3 52 theme concrete 527:534 arg1 pebbles 536:542 the porous concrete pebbles 516:542 the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion 516:585 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 53 theme heavy 370:374 arg1 metals 376:381 heavy metals 370:381 heavy metals 370:381 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 3 54 theme inter-diffusion 564:578 arg1 technique 551:559 the technique 547:559 the technique of inter-diffusion of ion 547:585 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 55 theme nanocellulose 189:201 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 0 56 theme silver 131:136 arg1 pebbles 152:158 silver nano-embedded pebbles 131:158 silver nano-embedded pebbles 131:158 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 8 57 theme metals 1413:1418 arg1 removal 1390:1396 complete removal 1381:1396 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1381:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 7 58 theme 6.0 1325:1327 arg1 pH 1319:1320 an optimum working pH 1300:1320 an optimum working pH of 6.0 1300:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 5 59 theme excellent 895:903 arg1 dye 905:907 excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity 895:943 dye 905:907 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 3 60 theme ion 583:585 arg1 inter-diffusion 564:578 inter-diffusion 564:578 inter-diffusion of ion 564:585 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 1 61 dep material 270:277 arg1 device 333:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device 282:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 282:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 7 62 theme optimum 1303:1309 arg1 pH 1319:1320 an optimum working pH 1300:1320 an optimum working pH of 6.0 1300:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 0 63 theme metals 67:72 arg1 removal 44:50 complete removal 35:50 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 35:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 1 64 theme purification 320:331 arg1 device 333:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device 282:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 282:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 8 65 theme simulated 1450:1458 arg1 water 1473:1477 the simulated contaminated water 1446:1477 the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1446:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 0 66 theme microbial 78:86 arg1 load 88:91 microbial load 78:91 microbial load 78:91 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 4 67 theme running 738:744 arg1 purifier 752:759 a continual running water purifier 726:759 a continual running water purifier 726:759 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 7 68 theme 99.48 1196:1200 arg1 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 7 69 dep efficiency 1237:1246 arg1 III 1224:1226 III 1224:1226 III 1224:1226 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 7 70 theme load 1292:1295 arg1 decontamination 1263:1277 99% decontamination 1259:1277 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0 1259:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 8 71 theme composite 1482:1490 arg1 material 1492:1499 composite material 1482:1499 composite material 1482:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 4 72 theme purifier 752:759 arg1 Fabrication 711:721 Fabrication 711:721 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier 711:759 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 0 73 theme novel 2:6 arg1 nanocomposite 17:29 A novel reusable nanocomposite 0:29 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 0:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 1 74 theme dyes 364:367 arg1 removal 353:359 complete removal 344:359 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 344:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 7 75 from pH 1319:1320 arg1 decontamination 1263:1277 99% decontamination 1259:1277 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0 1259:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 7 75 from pH 1319:1320 arg1 load 1292:1295 microbial load 1282:1295 microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0 1282:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 2 76 theme acid 419:422 arg1 hydrolysis 424:433 acid hydrolysis 419:433 acid hydrolysis of cellulose 419:446 NC was prepared using acid hydrolysis of cellulose. 25243917 7 77 theme column 1170:1175 arg1 purifier 1177:1184 The bed column purifier 1162:1184 The bed column purifier 1162:1184 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 1 78 theme composite 260:268 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 79 theme metal 919:923 arg1 capacity 936:943 excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity 895:943 capacity 936:943 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 7 80 theme % 1261:1261 arg1 decontamination 1263:1277 99% decontamination 1259:1277 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0 1259:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 8 81 theme complete 1381:1388 arg1 removal 1390:1396 complete removal 1381:1396 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1381:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 0 82 theme complete 35:42 arg1 removal 44:50 complete removal 35:50 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 35:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 5 83 theme pathogenic 996:1005 arg1 strains 1036:1042 pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains 996:1042 pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains 996:1042 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 6 84 theme electrostatic 1084:1096 arg1 interaction 1098:1108 electrostatic interaction 1084:1108 electrostatic interaction 1084:1108 The adsorption mainly occurred through electrostatic interaction and pore diffusion also contributed to the process. 25243917 8 85 theme high 1334:1337 arg1 capacity 1350:1357 The high adsorption capacity 1330:1357 The high adsorption capacity 1330:1357 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 0 86 theme load 88:91 arg1 removal 44:50 complete removal 35:50 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water 35:102 A novel reusable nanocomposite for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbial load from water based on nanocellulose and silver nano-embedded pebbles. 25243917 8 87 from water 1473:1477 arg1 removal 1390:1396 complete removal 1381:1396 complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material 1381:1499 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 1 88 theme novel 284:288 arg1 device 333:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device 282:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 282:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 89 theme non-pathogenic 1011:1024 arg1 strains 1036:1042 pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains 996:1042 pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains 996:1042 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 4 90 theme NC 806:807 arg1 layering 794:801 different layering 784:801 different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles 784:836 Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. 25243917 1 91 theme cost-effective 299:312 arg1 device 333:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device 282:338 a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes 282:394 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 25243917 5 92 theme long-term 955:963 arg1 activity 979:986 long-term antibacterial activity 955:986 long-term antibacterial activity 955:986 The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. 25243917 7 93 from decontamination 1263:1277 arg1 pH 1319:1320 an optimum working pH 1300:1320 an optimum working pH of 6.0 1300:1327 The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. 25243917 8 94 theme cost-effective 1546:1559 arg1 purifier 1584:1591 a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier 1544:1591 a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application 1544:1618 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 3 95 theme nanoparticles 623:635 arg1 binding 612:618 a very strong binding 598:618 a very strong binding of nanoparticles 598:635 The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. 25243917 8 96 theme eco-friendly 1565:1576 arg1 purifier 1584:1591 a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier 1544:1591 a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application 1544:1618 The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application. 25243917 1 97 theme nanoparticles 215:227 arg1 material 270:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material 187:277 The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. 28415476 5 0 theme human 737:741 arg1 cells 765:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 8 1 theme great 1216:1220 arg1 potential 1222:1230 a great potential 1214:1230 a great potential 1214:1230 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 1 theme great 1216:1220 arg1 bone 1237:1240 a bone 1235:1240 a bone substitute 1235:1251 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 6 2 theme maximum 844:850 arg1 porosity 852:859 maximum porosity 844:859 maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm 844:919 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 1 3 theme artificial 147:156 arg1 materials 164:172 artificial graft materials 147:172 artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering 147:200 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 0 4 theme cellulose 87:95 arg1 network 97:103 cellulose network 87:103 cellulose network for bone repair 87:119 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. 28415476 6 5 theme interconnected 870:883 arg1 % 868:868 85.7% 864:868 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm 864:919 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 1 6 theme graft 158:162 arg1 materials 164:172 artificial graft materials 147:172 artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering 147:200 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 4 7 theme swelling 565:572 arg1 behavior 574:581 The swelling behavior 561:581 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds 561:598 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 0 8 theme bone 109:112 arg1 repair 114:119 bone repair 109:119 bone repair 109:119 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. 28415476 6 9 theme % 868:868 arg1 porosity 852:859 maximum porosity 844:859 maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm 844:919 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 8 10 theme compositional 1150:1162 arg1 perspectives 1192:1203 the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1146:1203 the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1146:1203 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 7 11 theme cell 937:940 arg1 experiments 950:960 cell culture experiments 937:960 cell culture experiments 937:960 The results of cell culture experiments showed that the scaffolds extracts do not have cytotoxicity in any concentration. 28415476 8 12 theme trabecular 1125:1134 arg1 bone 1136:1139 the trabecular bone 1121:1139 the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1121:1203 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 13 with comparable 1105:1114 arg1 bone 1136:1139 the trabecular bone 1121:1139 the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1121:1203 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 3 14 theme X-ray 497:501 arg1 spectroscopy 503:514 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 479:514 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 479:520 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 14 theme X-ray 497:501 arg1 EDX 517:519 EDX 517:519 EDX 517:519 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 8 15 from perspectives 1192:1203 arg1 bone 1136:1139 the trabecular bone 1121:1139 the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1121:1203 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 2 16 theme nanocomposite 262:274 arg1 scaffolds 276:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds 246:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite 246:348 In this study, novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite were proposed. 28415476 5 17 theme MTT 723:725 arg1 assays 727:732 MTT assays 723:732 MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 723:769 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 8 18 theme mechanical 1181:1190 arg1 perspectives 1192:1203 the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1146:1203 the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1146:1203 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 3 19 theme diffraction 533:543 arg1 analysis 545:552 X-ray diffraction analysis 527:552 X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 527:558 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 19 theme diffraction 533:543 arg1 XRD 555:557 XRD 555:557 XRD 555:557 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 7 20 contain have 1004:1007 arg1 extracts 988:995 the scaffolds extracts 974:995 the scaffolds extracts 974:995 The results of cell culture experiments showed that the scaffolds extracts do not have cytotoxicity in any concentration. 28415476 7 20 contain have 1004:1007 arg2 cytotoxicity 1009:1020 cytotoxicity 1009:1020 cytotoxicity 1009:1020 The results of cell culture experiments showed that the scaffolds extracts do not have cytotoxicity in any concentration. 28415476 4 21 theme buffer 641:646 arg1 saline 648:653 phosphate buffer saline 631:653 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 631:659 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 4 21 theme buffer 641:646 arg1 PBS 656:658 PBS 656:658 PBS 656:658 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 3 22 theme electron 404:411 arg1 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 22 theme electron 404:411 arg1 Fourier 431:437 Fourier 431:437 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 431:558 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 22 theme electron 404:411 arg1 microscopy 413:422 scanning electron microscopy 395:422 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 395:428 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 5 23 theme fibroblast 743:752 arg1 cells 765:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 8 24 contain have 1209:1212 arg2 bone 1237:1240 a bone 1235:1240 a bone substitute 1235:1251 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 24 contain have 1209:1212 arg2 potential 1222:1230 a great potential 1214:1230 a great potential 1214:1230 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 24 contain have 1209:1212 arg1 comparable 1105:1114 comparable 1105:1114 comparable 1105:1114 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 24 contain have 1209:1212 arg1 scaffolds 1091:1099 the introduced scaffolds 1076:1099 the introduced scaffolds 1076:1099 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 1 25 theme bone 178:181 arg1 engineering 190:200 bone tissue engineering 178:200 bone tissue engineering 178:200 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 0 26 theme Cellular 0:7 arg1 compatibility 9:21 Cellular compatibility 0:21 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite 0:38 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. 28415476 2 27 theme grafted 313:319 arg1 cellulose 321:329 polyacrylamide grafted cellulose 298:329 polyacrylamide grafted cellulose 298:329 In this study, novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite were proposed. 28415476 1 28 theme tissue 183:188 arg1 engineering 190:200 bone tissue engineering 178:200 bone tissue engineering 178:200 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 0 29 theme nanocomposite 26:38 arg1 compatibility 9:21 Cellular compatibility 0:21 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite 0:38 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. 28415476 8 30 theme Obtained 1044:1051 arg1 results 1053:1059 Obtained results 1044:1059 Obtained results 1044:1059 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 2 31 theme polyacrylamide 298:311 arg1 cellulose 321:329 polyacrylamide grafted cellulose 298:329 polyacrylamide grafted cellulose 298:329 In this study, novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite were proposed. 28415476 3 32 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 32 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 Fourier 431:437 Fourier 431:437 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 431:558 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 32 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 microscopy 413:422 scanning electron microscopy 395:422 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 395:428 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 33 theme X-ray 527:531 arg1 analysis 545:552 X-ray diffraction analysis 527:552 X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 527:558 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 33 theme X-ray 527:531 arg1 XRD 555:557 XRD 555:557 XRD 555:557 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 5 34 theme gum 754:756 arg1 cells 765:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 8 35 theme substitute 1242:1251 arg1 potential 1222:1230 a great potential 1214:1230 a great potential 1214:1230 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 35 theme substitute 1242:1251 arg1 bone 1237:1240 a bone 1235:1240 a bone substitute 1235:1251 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 3 36 dep Fourier 431:437 arg1 transform 439:447 transform 439:447 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 439:558 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 6 37 with porous 832:837 arg1 porosity 852:859 maximum porosity 844:859 maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm 844:919 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 4 38 theme phosphate 631:639 arg1 saline 648:653 phosphate buffer saline 631:653 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 631:659 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 4 38 theme phosphate 631:639 arg1 PBS 656:658 PBS 656:658 PBS 656:658 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 5 39 theme scaffolds 695:703 arg1 cytotoxicity 675:686 The cytotoxicity 671:686 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds 671:703 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 3 40 dep transform 439:447 arg1 infrared 449:456 infrared 449:456 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 439:558 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 1 41 theme much 214:217 arg1 importance 219:228 much importance 214:228 much importance 214:228 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 5 42 theme HuGu 759:762 arg1 cells 765:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 4 43 dep water 621:625 arg1 solution 661:668 solution 661:668 solution 661:668 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 7 44 theme scaffolds 978:986 arg1 extracts 988:995 the scaffolds extracts 974:995 the scaffolds extracts 974:995 The results of cell culture experiments showed that the scaffolds extracts do not have cytotoxicity in any concentration. 28415476 6 45 with interconnected 870:883 arg1 size 897:900 a pore size 890:900 a pore size of around 72-125μm 890:919 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 4 46 theme scaffolds 590:598 arg1 behavior 574:581 The swelling behavior 561:581 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds 561:598 The swelling behavior of the scaffolds was examined in both water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. 28415476 0 47 dep scaffolds 40:48 arg1 based 50:54 based 50:54 scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair 40:119 Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. 28415476 6 48 theme pore 892:895 arg1 size 897:900 a pore size 890:900 a pore size of around 72-125μm 890:919 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 6 49 theme nanocomposite 796:808 arg1 scaffolds 810:818 the nanocomposite scaffolds 792:818 the nanocomposite scaffolds 792:818 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 6 49 theme nanocomposite 796:808 arg1 porous 832:837 porous 832:837 porous 832:837 Results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were highly porous with maximum porosity of 85.7% interconnected with a pore size of around 72-125μm. 28415476 2 50 theme porous 252:257 arg1 scaffolds 276:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds 246:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite 246:348 In this study, novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite were proposed. 28415476 8 51 theme introduced 1080:1089 arg1 comparable 1105:1114 comparable 1105:1114 comparable 1105:1114 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 8 51 theme introduced 1080:1089 arg1 scaffolds 1091:1099 the introduced scaffolds 1076:1099 the introduced scaffolds 1076:1099 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 28415476 1 52 theme past 129:132 arg1 decades 138:144 the past few decades 125:144 the past few decades 125:144 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 2 53 theme 3D 259:260 arg1 scaffolds 276:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds 246:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite 246:348 In this study, novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite were proposed. 28415476 5 54 from assays 727:732 arg1 cells 765:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells 737:769 The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was determined by MTT assays on human fibroblast gum (HuGu) cells. 28415476 2 55 theme novel 246:250 arg1 scaffolds 276:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds 246:284 novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite 246:348 In this study, novel porous 3D nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose and hydroxyapatite were proposed. 28415476 7 56 theme culture 942:948 arg1 experiments 950:960 cell culture experiments 937:960 cell culture experiments 937:960 The results of cell culture experiments showed that the scaffolds extracts do not have cytotoxicity in any concentration. 28415476 1 57 theme few 134:136 arg1 decades 138:144 the past few decades 125:144 the past few decades 125:144 In the past few decades, artificial graft materials for bone tissue engineering have gained much importance. 28415476 3 58 theme energy-dispersive 479:495 arg1 spectroscopy 503:514 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 479:514 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 479:520 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 3 58 theme energy-dispersive 479:495 arg1 EDX 517:519 EDX 517:519 EDX 517:519 They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). 28415476 7 59 theme experiments 950:960 arg1 results 926:932 The results 922:932 The results of cell culture experiments 922:960 The results of cell culture experiments showed that the scaffolds extracts do not have cytotoxicity in any concentration. 28415476 8 60 theme structural 1165:1174 arg1 perspectives 1192:1203 the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1146:1203 the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives 1146:1203 Obtained results suggested that the introduced scaffolds are comparable with the trabecular bone from the compositional, structural, and mechanical perspectives and have a great potential as a bone substitute. 26961330 6 0 theme mm/min 822:827 arg1 speed 809:813 a cross-head speed 796:813 a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) 796:920 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 4 1 theme lower 637:641 arg1 specimen 643:650 the lower specimen 633:650 the lower specimen 633:650 The operator masticated chewing gum, wiped off any saliva, and placed the gum on the lower specimen. 26961330 10 2 theme specimen 1345:1352 arg1 surface 1354:1360 the specimen surface 1341:1360 the specimen surface 1341:1360 When distilled water was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive strength was 16.8±1.7 N for resin, 8.3±2.1 N for Co-Cr, and 2.7±0.8 N for zirconia. 26961330 2 3 theme cobalt-chromium 308:322 arg1 Co-Cr 331:335 Co-Cr 331:335 Co-Cr 331:335 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 3 theme cobalt-chromium 308:322 arg1 alloy 324:328 cobalt-chromium alloy 308:328 cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr) 308:336 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 3 theme cobalt-chromium 308:322 arg1 resin 293:297 acrylic resin 285:297 acrylic resin (resin) 285:305 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 1 4 theme cobalt-chromium 211:225 arg1 alloy 227:231 cobalt-chromium alloy 211:231 cobalt-chromium alloy 211:231 The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesiveness of chewing gum to acrylic resin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia. 26961330 0 5 theme Acrylic 68:74 arg1 Resin 76:80 Denture Base Acrylic Resin 55:80 Denture Base Acrylic Resin 55:80 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 7 6 theme statistical 989:999 arg1 analysis 1001:1008 The statistical analysis 985:1008 The statistical analysis 985:1008 The statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni test after a one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). 26961330 1 7 theme study 140:144 arg1 purpose 124:130 The purpose 120:130 The purpose of this study 120:144 The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesiveness of chewing gum to acrylic resin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia. 26961330 0 8 theme Cobalt-Chromium 83:97 arg1 Alloy 99:103 Cobalt-Chromium Alloy 83:103 Cobalt-Chromium Alloy 83:103 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 14 9 theme cobalt-chromium 1873:1887 arg1 alloy 1889:1893 cobalt-chromium alloy 1873:1893 cobalt-chromium alloy 1873:1893 Chewing gum adhered less strongly to zirconia than to acrylic resin or cobalt-chromium alloy. 26961330 3 10 theme lower 510:514 arg1 terminals 516:524 the upper and lower terminals 496:524 the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge 496:549 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 3 11 theme digital 531:537 arg1 gauge 545:549 a digital force gauge 529:549 a digital force gauge 529:549 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 6 12 with dry 859:861 arg1 water 883:887 distilled water 873:887 distilled water 873:887 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 2 13 theme Test 248:251 arg1 specimens 253:261 Test specimens 248:261 Test specimens 248:261 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 6 14 theme distilled 873:881 arg1 water 883:887 distilled water 873:887 distilled water 873:887 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 15 from speed 809:813 arg1 specimen 784:791 the upper specimen 774:791 the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) 774:920 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 16 theme cross-head 798:807 arg1 speed 809:813 a cross-head speed 796:813 a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) 796:920 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 17 theme chewing 972:978 arg1 gum 980:982 the chewing gum 968:982 the chewing gum 968:982 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 3 18 theme upper 500:504 arg1 terminals 516:524 the upper and lower terminals 496:524 the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge 496:549 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 8 19 theme adhesive 1119:1126 arg1 force 1128:1132 adhesive force 1119:1132 adhesive force 1119:1132 Under dry conditions, adhesive force was 14.8±6.8 N for resin, 14.0±4.8 N for Co-Cr, and 4.3±2.3 N for zirconia. 26961330 10 20 theme distilled 1310:1318 arg1 water 1320:1324 distilled water 1310:1324 distilled water 1310:1324 When distilled water was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive strength was 16.8±1.7 N for resin, 8.3±2.1 N for Co-Cr, and 2.7±0.8 N for zirconia. 26961330 6 21 theme artificial 903:912 arg1 saliva 914:919 artificial saliva 903:919 artificial saliva 903:919 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 8 22 theme dry 1103:1105 arg1 conditions 1107:1116 dry conditions 1103:1116 dry conditions 1103:1116 Under dry conditions, adhesive force was 14.8±6.8 N for resin, 14.0±4.8 N for Co-Cr, and 4.3±2.3 N for zirconia. 26961330 5 23 theme lower 721:725 arg1 specimens 727:735 the upper and lower specimens 707:735 the upper and lower specimens 707:735 The gum was compressed to a thickness of 1 mm between the upper and lower specimens. 26961330 5 24 theme mm 696:697 arg1 thickness 681:689 a thickness 679:689 a thickness of 1 mm between the upper and lower specimens 679:735 The gum was compressed to a thickness of 1 mm between the upper and lower specimens. 26961330 2 25 theme acrylic 285:291 arg1 resin 300:304 resin 300:304 resin 300:304 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 25 theme acrylic 285:291 arg1 resin 293:297 acrylic resin 285:297 acrylic resin (resin) 285:305 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 25 theme acrylic 285:291 arg1 alloy 324:328 cobalt-chromium alloy 308:328 cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr) 308:336 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 6 26 theme adhesive 947:954 arg1 strength 956:963 the maximum adhesive strength 935:963 the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum 935:982 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 2 27 theme zirconia/alumina 413:428 arg1 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 27 theme zirconia/alumina 413:428 arg1 composite 430:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite 360:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia) 360:449 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 9 28 theme Significant 1210:1220 arg1 differences 1222:1232 Significant differences 1210:1232 Significant differences 1210:1232 Significant differences were noted between resin and zirconia, and between Co-Cr and zirconia. 26961330 3 29 theme force 539:543 arg1 gauge 545:549 a digital force gauge 529:549 a digital force gauge 529:549 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 6 30 theme maximum 939:945 arg1 strength 956:963 the maximum adhesive strength 935:963 the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum 935:982 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 0 31 theme Resistance 23:32 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 0:118 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 12 32 theme artificial 1569:1578 arg1 saliva 1580:1585 artificial saliva 1569:1585 artificial saliva 1569:1585 When artificial saliva was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive force was 18.5±2.8 N for resin, 5.3±0.8 N for Co-Cr, and 3.0±1.7 N for zirconia. 26961330 2 33 theme zirconia 371:378 arg1 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 33 theme zirconia 371:378 arg1 composite 430:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite 360:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia) 360:449 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 34 theme polycrystal-based 380:396 arg1 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 34 theme polycrystal-based 380:396 arg1 composite 430:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite 360:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia) 360:449 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 6 35 with conditions 847:856 arg1 saliva 914:919 artificial saliva 903:919 artificial saliva 903:919 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 2 36 theme tetragonal 360:369 arg1 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 36 theme tetragonal 360:369 arg1 composite 430:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite 360:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia) 360:449 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 0 37 theme Chewing 37:43 arg1 Gum 45:47 Chewing Gum 37:47 Chewing Gum 37:47 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 6 38 theme upper 778:782 arg1 specimen 784:791 the upper specimen 774:791 the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) 774:920 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 1 39 theme chewing 181:187 arg1 gum 189:191 chewing gum 181:191 chewing gum 181:191 The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesiveness of chewing gum to acrylic resin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia. 26961330 7 40 theme Bonferroni 1034:1043 arg1 test 1045:1048 the Bonferroni test 1030:1048 the Bonferroni test 1030:1048 The statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni test after a one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). 26961330 2 41 theme nanostructured 398:411 arg1 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 zirconia 441:448 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 2 41 theme nanostructured 398:411 arg1 composite 430:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite 360:438 tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia) 360:449 Test specimens were fabricated using acrylic resin (resin), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr), and Ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (zirconia). 26961330 1 42 theme gum 189:191 arg1 adhesiveness 165:176 the adhesiveness 161:176 the adhesiveness of chewing gum to acrylic resin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia 161:245 The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesiveness of chewing gum to acrylic resin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia. 26961330 5 43 theme upper 711:715 arg1 specimens 727:735 the upper and lower specimens 707:735 the upper and lower specimens 707:735 The gum was compressed to a thickness of 1 mm between the upper and lower specimens. 26961330 7 44 theme variance 1078:1085 arg1 analysis 1066:1073 a one-way analysis 1056:1073 a one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05) 1056:1094 The statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni test after a one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). 26961330 6 45 dep conditions 847:856 arg1 conditions 847:856 3 different conditions 835:856 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) 835:920 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 45 dep conditions 847:856 arg1 wet 864:866 wet 864:866 wet with distilled water 864:887 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 45 dep conditions 847:856 arg1 wet 894:896 wet 894:896 wet 894:896 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 45 dep conditions 847:856 arg1 dry 859:861 dry 859:861 dry 859:861 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 3 46 theme gauge 545:549 arg1 terminals 516:524 the upper and lower terminals 496:524 the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge 496:549 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 12 47 theme specimen 1606:1613 arg1 surface 1615:1621 the specimen surface 1602:1621 the specimen surface 1602:1621 When artificial saliva was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive force was 18.5±2.8 N for resin, 5.3±0.8 N for Co-Cr, and 3.0±1.7 N for zirconia. 26961330 6 48 theme different 837:845 arg1 conditions 847:856 3 different conditions 835:856 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) 835:920 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 48 theme different 837:845 arg1 wet 864:866 wet 864:866 wet with distilled water 864:887 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 48 theme different 837:845 arg1 wet 894:896 wet 894:896 wet 894:896 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 6 48 theme different 837:845 arg1 dry 859:861 dry 859:861 dry 859:861 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 12 49 theme adhesive 1628:1635 arg1 force 1637:1641 the adhesive force 1624:1641 the adhesive force 1624:1641 When artificial saliva was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive force was 18.5±2.8 N for resin, 5.3±0.8 N for Co-Cr, and 3.0±1.7 N for zirconia. 26961330 12 49 theme adhesive 1628:1635 arg1 N 1656:1656 18.5±2.8 N 1647:1656 18.5±2.8 N for resin 1647:1666 When artificial saliva was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive force was 18.5±2.8 N for resin, 5.3±0.8 N for Co-Cr, and 3.0±1.7 N for zirconia. 26961330 14 50 theme acrylic 1856:1862 arg1 resin 1864:1868 acrylic resin 1856:1868 acrylic resin 1856:1868 Chewing gum adhered less strongly to zirconia than to acrylic resin or cobalt-chromium alloy. 26961330 3 51 attach attached 484:491 arg2 Specimens 452:460 Specimens 452:460 Specimens of each material 452:477 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 3 51 attach attached 484:491 arg1 terminals 516:524 the upper and lower terminals 496:524 the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge 496:549 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 3 52 theme material 470:477 arg1 Specimens 452:460 Specimens 452:460 Specimens of each material 452:477 Specimens of each material were attached to the upper and lower terminals of a digital force gauge. 26961330 13 53 theme Significant 1718:1728 arg1 differences 1730:1740 Significant differences 1718:1740 Significant differences 1718:1740 Significant differences were noted between resin and Co-Cr, and resin and zirconia. 26961330 14 54 theme Chewing 1802:1808 arg1 gum 1810:1812 Chewing gum 1802:1812 Chewing gum 1802:1812 Chewing gum adhered less strongly to zirconia than to acrylic resin or cobalt-chromium alloy. 26961330 6 55 with wet 894:896 arg1 water 883:887 distilled water 873:887 distilled water 873:887 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 4 56 theme chewing 576:582 arg1 gum 584:586 chewing gum 576:586 chewing gum 576:586 The operator masticated chewing gum, wiped off any saliva, and placed the gum on the lower specimen. 26961330 6 57 with wet 864:866 arg1 water 883:887 distilled water 873:887 distilled water 873:887 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 11 58 theme Significant 1460:1470 arg1 differences 1472:1482 Significant differences 1460:1482 Significant differences 1460:1482 Significant differences were noted between resin and Co-Cr, resin and zirconia, and Co-Cr and zirconia. 26961330 1 59 theme acrylic 196:202 arg1 resin 204:208 acrylic resin 196:208 acrylic resin 196:208 The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesiveness of chewing gum to acrylic resin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia. 26961330 0 60 theme Base 63:66 arg1 Resin 76:80 Denture Base Acrylic Resin 55:80 Denture Base Acrylic Resin 55:80 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 10 61 theme adhesive 1367:1374 arg1 strength 1376:1383 the adhesive strength 1363:1383 the adhesive strength 1363:1383 When distilled water was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive strength was 16.8±1.7 N for resin, 8.3±2.1 N for Co-Cr, and 2.7±0.8 N for zirconia. 26961330 10 61 theme adhesive 1367:1374 arg1 N 1398:1398 16.8±1.7 N 1389:1398 16.8±1.7 N for resin 1389:1408 When distilled water was applied to the specimen surface, the adhesive strength was 16.8±1.7 N for resin, 8.3±2.1 N for Co-Cr, and 2.7±0.8 N for zirconia. 26961330 0 62 theme Denture 55:61 arg1 Resin 76:80 Denture Base Acrylic Resin 55:80 Denture Base Acrylic Resin 55:80 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 0 63 theme Adhesive 14:21 arg1 Resistance 23:32 Adhesive Resistance 14:32 Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum 14:47 Comparison of Adhesive Resistance to Chewing Gum among Denture Base Acrylic Resin, Cobalt-Chromium Alloy, and Zirconia. 26961330 6 64 theme gum 980:982 arg1 strength 956:963 the maximum adhesive strength 935:963 the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum 935:982 Thereafter, traction was applied to the upper specimen at a cross-head speed of 100 mm/min under 3 different conditions (dry, wet with distilled water, and wet with artificial saliva) to determine the maximum adhesive strength of the chewing gum. 26961330 7 65 theme one-way 1058:1064 arg1 analysis 1066:1073 a one-way analysis 1056:1073 a one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05) 1056:1094 The statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni test after a one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05). 25148960 1 0 theme cocoa 304:308 arg1 parts 310:314 cocoa parts 304:314 cocoa parts 304:314 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 6 1 theme chocolate 1266:1274 arg1 control 1258:1264 control chocolate 1258:1274 control chocolate 1258:1274 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 6 2 theme bioactive 1084:1092 arg1 profile 1094:1100 The bioactive profile 1080:1100 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates 1080:1123 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 1 3 theme sucrose 229:235 arg1 alternatives 237:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 3 theme sucrose 229:235 arg1 alcohols 160:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 3 theme sucrose 229:235 arg1 fibers 178:183 dietary fibers 170:183 dietary fibers 170:183 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 3 theme sucrose 229:235 arg1 sweeteners 205:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 3 theme sucrose 229:235 arg1 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 0 4 theme chocolates 68:77 arg1 parameters 40:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters 0:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates 0:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 1 5 theme parts 310:314 arg1 parts 310:314 cocoa parts 304:314 cocoa parts 304:314 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 5 theme parts 310:314 arg1 % 299:299 50% 297:299 50% of cocoa parts 297:314 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 6 theme sugar 154:158 arg1 alternatives 237:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 6 theme sugar 154:158 arg1 alcohols 160:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 6 theme sugar 154:158 arg1 fibers 178:183 dietary fibers 170:183 dietary fibers 170:183 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 6 theme sugar 154:158 arg1 sweeteners 205:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 6 theme sugar 154:158 arg1 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 0 7 theme natural 95:101 arg1 sweeteners 103:112 natural sweeteners 95:112 natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives 95:136 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 4 8 theme polyphenolic 860:871 arg1 content 873:879 polyphenolic content 860:879 polyphenolic content 860:879 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 3 9 theme sugar 565:569 arg1 chocolates 571:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates 544:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates 544:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates ensured >20% lower calorific value than conventional chocolate (prepared with sucrose). 25148960 4 10 dep stevia 703:708 arg1 leaves 710:715 leaves 710:715 leaves 710:715 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 11 theme polyphenolic 487:498 arg1 compounds 500:508 polyphenolic compounds 487:508 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 4 12 theme highest 852:858 arg1 content 873:879 polyphenolic content 860:879 polyphenolic content 860:879 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 1 13 with chocolates 285:294 arg1 profile 341:347 enhanced bioactive profile 322:347 enhanced bioactive profile 322:347 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 14 theme enhanced 322:329 arg1 profile 341:347 enhanced bioactive profile 322:347 enhanced bioactive profile 322:347 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 2 15 theme antioxidant 522:532 arg1 capacity 534:541 antioxidant capacity 522:541 antioxidant capacity 522:541 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 15 theme antioxidant 522:532 arg1 properties 456:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 16 theme Formulated 350:359 arg1 chocolates 361:370 Formulated chocolates 350:370 Formulated chocolates 350:370 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 1 17 theme bioactive 331:339 arg1 profile 341:347 enhanced bioactive profile 322:347 enhanced bioactive profile 322:347 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 6 18 theme phenolic 1143:1150 arg1 acids 1152:1156 phenolic acids 1143:1156 phenolic acids 1143:1156 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 6 18 theme phenolic 1143:1150 arg1 derivatives 1216:1226 flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives 1159:1226 flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives 1159:1226 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 2 19 theme size 416:419 arg1 texture 435:441 texture 435:441 texture 435:441 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 19 theme size 416:419 arg1 distribution 421:432 particle size distribution 407:432 particle size distribution 407:432 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 4 20 dep mouthfeel 797:805 arg1 especially 771:780 especially 771:780 especially 771:780 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 21 theme sensory 448:454 arg1 content 510:516 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 21 theme sensory 448:454 arg1 capacity 534:541 antioxidant capacity 522:541 antioxidant capacity 522:541 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 21 theme sensory 448:454 arg1 properties 456:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 21 theme sensory 448:454 arg1 composition 474:484 sugar composition 468:484 sugar composition 468:484 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 4 22 contain containing 692:701 arg1 chocolates 681:690 Formulated chocolates 670:690 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint 670:730 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 4 22 contain containing 692:701 arg2 peppermint 721:730 peppermint 721:730 peppermint 721:730 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 4 22 contain containing 692:701 arg2 stevia 703:708 stevia leaves 703:715 stevia leaves 703:715 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 23 theme sugar 468:472 arg1 properties 456:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 23 theme sugar 468:472 arg1 composition 474:484 sugar composition 468:484 sugar composition 468:484 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 3 24 theme produced 548:555 arg1 chocolates 571:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates 544:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates 544:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates ensured >20% lower calorific value than conventional chocolate (prepared with sucrose). 25148960 1 25 theme dietary 170:176 arg1 alternatives 237:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 25 theme dietary 170:176 arg1 alcohols 160:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 25 theme dietary 170:176 arg1 fibers 178:183 dietary fibers 170:183 dietary fibers 170:183 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 25 theme dietary 170:176 arg1 sweeteners 205:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 25 theme dietary 170:176 arg1 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 0 26 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 parameters 40:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters 0:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates 0:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 3 27 theme reduced 557:563 arg1 chocolates 571:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates 544:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates 544:580 All produced reduced sugar chocolates ensured >20% lower calorific value than conventional chocolate (prepared with sucrose). 25148960 2 28 theme particle 407:414 arg1 texture 435:441 texture 435:441 texture 435:441 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 28 theme particle 407:414 arg1 distribution 421:432 particle size distribution 407:432 particle size distribution 407:432 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 4 29 theme sensory 751:757 arg1 properties 759:768 the best sensory properties 742:768 the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma) 742:834 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 30 theme physical 397:404 arg1 content 510:516 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 30 theme physical 397:404 arg1 capacity 534:541 antioxidant capacity 522:541 antioxidant capacity 522:541 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 30 theme physical 397:404 arg1 properties 456:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 30 theme physical 397:404 arg1 composition 474:484 sugar composition 468:484 sugar composition 468:484 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 0 31 theme bioactive 10:18 arg1 parameters 40:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters 0:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates 0:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 1 32 theme reduced 271:277 arg1 chocolates 285:294 reduced sugar chocolates 271:294 reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile 271:347 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 0 33 theme sucrose 117:123 arg1 alternatives 125:136 sucrose alternatives 117:136 sucrose alternatives 117:136 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 5 34 theme lactitol 1061:1068 arg1 combination 1022:1032 the combination 1018:1032 the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol 1018:1068 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 25148960 4 35 theme best 746:749 arg1 properties 759:768 the best sensory properties 742:768 the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma) 742:834 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 6 36 dep flavone 1159:1165 arg1 apigenin 1181:1188 apigenin 1181:1188 apigenin 1181:1188 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 6 36 dep flavone 1159:1165 arg1 luteolin 1168:1175 luteolin 1168:1175 luteolin 1168:1175 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 0 37 theme quality 32:38 arg1 parameters 40:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters 0:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates 0:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 1 38 theme sugar 279:283 arg1 chocolates 285:294 reduced sugar chocolates 271:294 reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile 271:347 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 6 39 theme quercetin 1205:1213 arg1 acids 1152:1156 phenolic acids 1143:1156 phenolic acids 1143:1156 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 6 39 theme quercetin 1205:1213 arg1 derivatives 1216:1226 flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives 1159:1226 flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives 1159:1226 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 0 40 theme sensory 24:30 arg1 parameters 40:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters 0:49 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates 0:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 1 41 theme chocolates 285:294 arg1 production 257:266 the production 253:266 the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile 253:347 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 42 theme natural 197:203 arg1 alternatives 237:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 42 theme natural 197:203 arg1 sweeteners 205:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 42 theme natural 197:203 arg1 fibers 178:183 dietary fibers 170:183 dietary fibers 170:183 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 42 theme natural 197:203 arg1 alcohols 160:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 42 theme natural 197:203 arg1 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 2 43 theme compounds 500:508 arg1 content 510:516 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 polyphenolic compounds content 487:516 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 43 theme compounds 500:508 arg1 properties 456:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties 391:465 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 44 dep physical 397:404 arg1 texture 435:441 texture 435:441 texture 435:441 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 2 44 dep physical 397:404 arg1 distribution 421:432 particle size distribution 407:432 particle size distribution 407:432 Formulated chocolates were evaluated for their physical (particle size distribution, texture) and sensory properties, sugar composition, polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 1 45 dep chocolates 285:294 arg1 parts 310:314 cocoa parts 304:314 cocoa parts 304:314 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 45 dep chocolates 285:294 arg1 % 299:299 50% 297:299 50% of cocoa parts 297:314 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 4 46 dep content 873:879 arg1 the 848:850 the 848:850 the 848:850 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 5 47 theme fructose 1037:1044 arg1 combination 1022:1032 the combination 1018:1032 the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol 1018:1068 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 25148960 4 48 theme herbal 822:827 arg1 aroma 829:833 herbal aroma 822:833 herbal aroma 822:833 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 5 49 theme Particle 907:914 arg1 size 916:919 Particle size 907:919 Particle size 907:919 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 25148960 1 50 used used 221:224 arg2 alcohols 160:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 sugar alcohols 154:167 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 50 used used 221:224 arg2 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 syrups 186:191 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 50 used used 221:224 arg2 fibers 178:183 dietary fibers 170:183 dietary fibers 170:183 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 50 used used 221:224 arg2 alternatives 237:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 sucrose alternatives 229:248 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 1 50 used used 221:224 arg2 sweeteners 205:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 natural sweeteners 197:214 In this study, sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, syrups and natural sweeteners were used as sucrose alternatives in the production of reduced sugar chocolates (50% of cocoa parts) with enhanced bioactive profile. 25148960 3 51 theme calorific 601:609 arg1 value 611:615 >20% lower calorific value 590:615 >20% lower calorific value 590:615 All produced reduced sugar chocolates ensured >20% lower calorific value than conventional chocolate (prepared with sucrose). 25148960 6 52 theme chocolates 1114:1123 arg1 profile 1094:1100 The bioactive profile 1080:1100 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates 1080:1123 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 5 53 theme chocolates 937:946 arg1 hardness 925:932 hardness 925:932 hardness 925:932 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 25148960 5 53 theme chocolates 937:946 arg1 size 916:919 Particle size 907:919 Particle size 907:919 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 25148960 4 54 theme antioxidant 885:895 arg1 capacity 897:904 antioxidant capacity 885:904 antioxidant capacity 885:904 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 5 55 theme isomalt 1050:1056 arg1 combination 1022:1032 the combination 1018:1032 the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol 1018:1068 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 25148960 6 56 theme produced 1105:1112 arg1 chocolates 1114:1123 produced chocolates 1105:1123 produced chocolates 1105:1123 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 0 57 theme sugar 62:66 arg1 chocolates 68:77 reduced sugar chocolates 54:77 reduced sugar chocolates 54:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 6 58 theme flavone 1159:1165 arg1 acids 1152:1156 phenolic acids 1143:1156 phenolic acids 1143:1156 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 6 58 theme flavone 1159:1165 arg1 derivatives 1216:1226 flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives 1159:1226 flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives 1159:1226 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 4 59 theme Formulated 670:679 arg1 chocolates 681:690 Formulated chocolates 670:690 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint 670:730 Formulated chocolates containing stevia leaves and peppermint exhibited the best sensory properties (especially with regard to mouthfeel, sweetness and herbal aroma), as well as the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25148960 3 60 dep chocolate 635:643 arg1 prepared 646:653 prepared 646:653 prepared with sucrose 646:666 All produced reduced sugar chocolates ensured >20% lower calorific value than conventional chocolate (prepared with sucrose). 25148960 0 61 theme reduced 54:60 arg1 chocolates 68:77 reduced sugar chocolates 54:77 reduced sugar chocolates 54:77 Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. 25148960 3 62 theme lower 595:599 arg1 value 611:615 >20% lower calorific value 590:615 >20% lower calorific value 590:615 All produced reduced sugar chocolates ensured >20% lower calorific value than conventional chocolate (prepared with sucrose). 25148960 6 63 theme flavonol 1195:1202 arg1 quercetin 1205:1213 flavonol (quercetin) 1195:1214 flavonol (quercetin) 1195:1214 The bioactive profile of produced chocolates was enriched with phenolic acids, flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavonol (quercetin) derivatives, which were not identified in control chocolate. 25148960 5 64 used used 1074:1077 arg2 combination 1022:1032 the combination 1018:1032 the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol 1018:1068 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conventional chocolate, in particular when the combination of fructose and isomalt or lactitol was used. 26109616 7 0 theme ESM 1461:1463 arg1 group 1465:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 23 1 theme Natural 4211:4217 arg1 Foundation 4227:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation 4198:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546) 4198:4256 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 17 2 theme ESM 3329:3331 arg1 group 3333:3337 the ESM group 3325:3337 the ESM group 3325:3337 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 19 3 from N-glycans 3623:3631 arg1 β1 3645:3646 integrin β1 3636:3646 integrin β1 (P < 0.05) 3636:3657 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 3 from N-glycans 3623:3631 arg1 < 3651:3651 P < 0.05 3649:3656 P < 0.05 3649:3656 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 1 4 theme spontaneous 275:285 arg1 ESM 300:302 ESM 300:302 ESM 300:302 STUDY QUESTION Do N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) play an important role in early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) in humans. 26109616 1 4 theme spontaneous 275:285 arg1 miscarriage 287:297 early spontaneous miscarriage 269:297 early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) 269:303 STUDY QUESTION Do N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) play an important role in early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) in humans. 26109616 6 5 theme STUDY 931:935 arg1 DESIGN 937:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 6 5 theme STUDY 931:935 arg1 samples 968:974 DURATION Villous samples 951:974 DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation 951:1005 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 6 5 theme STUDY 931:935 arg1 SIZE 945:948 SIZE 945:948 SIZE 945:948 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 9 6 theme Lectin 1612:1617 arg1 fluorescence 1619:1630 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry 1612:1649 fluorescence 1619:1630 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 10 7 theme assay 1893:1897 arg1 kit 1899:1901 an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit 1862:1901 an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit 1862:1901 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 11 8 theme integrin 1967:1974 arg1 α5β1 1976:1979 co-precipitated integrin α5β1 1951:1979 co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting 1951:2038 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 10 9 used used 1857:1860 arg2 we 1854:1855 we 1854:1855 we 1854:1855 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 7 10 from week 1497:1500 arg1 mRNA 1369:1372 GnT-III mRNA 1361:1372 GnT-III mRNA 1361:1372 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 10 from week 1497:1500 arg1 group 1465:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 10 from week 1497:1500 arg1 villi 1443:1447 chorionic villi 1433:1447 chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1433:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 10 from week 1497:1500 arg1 expression 1404:1413 protein expression 1396:1413 protein expression 1396:1413 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 10 from week 1497:1500 arg1 GnT-V 1351:1355 GnT-V 1351:1355 GnT-V 1351:1355 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 10 from week 1497:1500 arg1 group 1486:1490 the normal group 1475:1490 the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1475:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 17 11 dep STBs 3308:3311 arg1 the 3304:3306 the 3304:3306 the 3304:3306 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 6 12 theme pregnancy 1184:1192 arg1 termination 1169:1179 elective termination 1160:1179 elective termination of pregnancy 1160:1192 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 17 13 dep expressed 3159:3167 arg1 whereas 3264:3270 whereas 3264:3270 whereas 3264:3270 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 10 14 theme enzyme-linked 1865:1877 arg1 kit 1899:1901 an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit 1862:1901 an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit 1862:1901 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 23 15 theme FUNDING/COMPETING 4130:4146 arg1 INTERESTS 4148:4156 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS 4124:4156 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 4124:4257 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 15 16 theme ESM 2978:2980 arg1 group 2982:2986 the ESM group 2974:2986 the ESM group 2974:2986 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 24 17 contain have 4271:4274 arg2 interests 4289:4297 no competing interests 4276:4297 no competing interests 4276:4297 The authors have no competing interests. 26109616 24 17 contain have 4271:4274 arg1 authors 4263:4269 The authors 4259:4269 The authors 4259:4269 The authors have no competing interests. 26109616 18 18 theme ESM 3501:3503 arg1 group 3505:3509 the ESM group 3497:3509 the ESM group 3497:3509 bis-GlcNAc was primarily located outside of the STBs in the normal villi, whereas it was expressed much more abundantly outside of both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group at each week of gestation. 26109616 15 19 from group 2982:2986 arg1 located 2856:2862 located 2856:2862 located 2856:2862 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 2 20 theme integrin 595:602 arg1 β1 604:605 integrin β1 595:605 integrin β1 595:605 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 2 21 from expression 377:386 arg1 villi 401:405 chorionic villi 391:405 chorionic villi 391:405 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 11 22 theme structures 2167:2176 arg1 terms 2127:2131 terms 2127:2131 terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 2127:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 12 23 theme CHANCE 2267:2272 arg1 ROLE 2259:2262 THE ROLE 2255:2262 THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc 2255:2375 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 23 theme CHANCE 2267:2272 arg1 higher 2382:2387 higher 2382:2387 higher 2382:2387 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 23 theme CHANCE 2267:2272 arg1 RESULTS 2243:2249 MAIN RESULTS 2238:2249 MAIN RESULTS 2238:2249 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 6 24 theme ESM 1244:1246 arg1 diagnosis 1231:1239 a clinical diagnosis 1220:1239 a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1220:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 19 25 from N-glycans 3579:3587 arg1 β1 3645:3646 integrin β1 3636:3646 integrin β1 (P < 0.05) 3636:3657 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 25 from N-glycans 3579:3587 arg1 < 3651:3651 P < 0.05 3649:3656 P < 0.05 3649:3656 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 10 26 theme enzymes 1936:1942 arg1 activity 1918:1925 the activity 1914:1925 the activity of these enzymes 1914:1942 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 12 27 dep expression 2294:2303 arg1 the 2277:2279 the 2277:2279 the 2277:2279 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 15 28 from group 3003:3007 arg1 located 2856:2862 located 2856:2862 located 2856:2862 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 6 29 theme Villous 960:966 arg1 DESIGN 937:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 6 29 theme Villous 960:966 arg1 samples 968:974 DURATION Villous samples 951:974 DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation 951:1005 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 16 30 theme CTB 3073:3075 arg1 layer 3077:3081 the STB and CTB layer 3061:3081 layer 3077:3081 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan was mainly located outside of the STB and CTB layer in normal villi and was expressed only rarely in the ESM villi. 26109616 7 31 theme GnT-III 1361:1367 arg1 mRNA 1369:1372 GnT-III mRNA 1361:1372 GnT-III mRNA 1361:1372 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 20 32 theme new 3749:3751 arg1 insight 3753:3759 a new insight 3747:3759 a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans 3747:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 2 33 dep SUMMARY 316:322 arg1 ANSWER 324:329 ANSWER 324:329 ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi 324:405 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 15 34 theme normal 2996:3001 arg1 group 3003:3007 the normal group 2992:3007 the normal group 2992:3007 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 23 35 theme Science 4219:4225 arg1 Foundation 4227:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation 4198:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546) 4198:4256 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 5 36 from expressions 867:877 arg1 ESM 903:905 ESM 903:905 ESM 903:905 However, the expressions of GnT-V and GnT-III in ESM have not been reported. 26109616 0 37 from miscarriage 112:122 arg1 humans 127:132 humans 127:132 humans 127:132 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 14 38 theme lower 2654:2658 arg1 expression 2660:2669 a lower expression 2652:2669 a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2652:2705 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 10 39 theme GnT-V 1789:1793 arg1 capacity 1777:1784 the functional capacity 1762:1784 the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups 1762:1851 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 10 40 from capacity 1777:1784 arg1 villi 1824:1828 the chorionic villi 1810:1828 the chorionic villi between the two groups 1810:1851 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 15 41 theme chorionic 2923:2931 arg1 CTBs 2959:2962 CTBs 2959:2962 CTBs 2959:2962 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 15 41 theme chorionic 2923:2931 arg1 cytotrophoblasts 2941:2956 chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts 2923:2956 chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) 2923:2963 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 9 42 theme branching 1712:1720 arg1 location 1673:1680 the location 1669:1680 the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups 1669:1749 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 16 43 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 3010:3020 arg1 N-glycan 3022:3029 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan 3010:3029 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan 3010:3029 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan was mainly located outside of the STB and CTB layer in normal villi and was expressed only rarely in the ESM villi. 26109616 11 44 theme PHA-E 2025:2029 arg1 blotting 2031:2038 PHA-E blotting 2025:2038 PHA-E blotting 2025:2038 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 23 45 from Foundation 4227:4236 arg1 grants 4186:4191 grants 4186:4191 grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546) 4186:4256 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 13 46 theme product 2517:2523 arg1 expression 2453:2462 expression 2453:2462 expression 2453:2462 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 46 theme product 2517:2523 arg1 higher 2542:2547 higher 2542:2547 higher 2542:2547 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 46 theme product 2517:2523 arg1 concentration 2496:2508 the concentration 2492:2508 the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc 2492:2535 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 46 theme product 2517:2523 arg1 activity 2468:2475 activity 2468:2475 activity 2468:2475 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 17 47 from CTBs 3317:3320 arg1 group 3333:3337 the ESM group 3325:3337 the ESM group 3325:3337 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 6 48 theme gestation 997:1005 arg1 weeks 988:992 6 to 9 weeks 981:992 6 to 9 weeks of gestation 981:1005 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 11 49 from trimester 2212:2220 arg1 groups 2230:2235 both groups 2225:2235 both groups 2225:2235 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 20 50 theme ESM 3800:3802 arg1 mechanism 3778:3786 the mechanism 3774:3786 the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans 3774:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 0 51 theme early 94:98 arg1 miscarriage 112:122 early spontaneous miscarriage 94:122 early spontaneous miscarriage in humans 94:132 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 11 52 theme integrin 2181:2188 arg1 α5β1 2190:2193 integrin α5β1 2181:2193 integrin α5β1 2181:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 17 53 theme villi 3257:3261 arg1 CTBs 3242:3245 the CTBs 3238:3245 the CTBs of normal villi 3238:3261 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 19 54 theme increased 3593:3601 arg1 N-glycans 3623:3631 increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3593:3631 increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3593:3631 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 6 55 dep Chongqing 1058:1066 arg1 University 1076:1085 University 1076:1085 University 1076:1085 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 14 56 from changes 2784:2790 arg1 activity 2805:2812 enzymatic activity 2795:2812 enzymatic activity 2795:2812 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 13 57 theme P 2585:2585 arg1 < 2587:2587 P < 0.05 2585:2592 P < 0.05 2585:2592 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 57 theme P 2585:2585 arg1 weeks 2567:2571 weeks 7, 8 and 9 2567:2582 weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05) 2567:2593 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 7 58 from GnT-V 1351:1355 arg1 group 1465:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 58 from GnT-V 1351:1355 arg1 week 1497:1500 week 6 1497:1502 week 6 1497:1502 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 58 from GnT-V 1351:1355 arg1 group 1486:1490 the normal group 1475:1490 the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1475:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 2 59 theme bisecting 530:538 arg1 bis-GlcNAc 561:570 bis-GlcNAc 561:570 bis-GlcNAc 561:570 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 2 59 theme bisecting 530:538 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 540:558 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 530:558 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) 530:571 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 0 60 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 β1,6-GlcNAc 8:18 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc 0:18 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc 0:18 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 7 61 dep PARTICIPANTS 1249:1260 arg1 PCR 1304:1306 Quantitative PCR 1291:1306 Quantitative PCR 1291:1306 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 61 dep PARTICIPANTS 1249:1260 arg1 blots 1320:1324 western blots 1312:1324 western blots 1312:1324 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 19 62 theme integrin 3636:3643 arg1 β1 3645:3646 integrin β1 3636:3646 integrin β1 (P < 0.05) 3636:3657 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 62 theme integrin 3636:3643 arg1 < 3651:3651 P < 0.05 3649:3656 P < 0.05 3649:3656 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 4 63 theme early 786:790 arg1 phase 792:796 the early phase 782:796 the early phase of pregnancy 782:809 It has been reported that GnT-V contributes to placentation in the early phase of pregnancy, possibly regulating trophoblast invasion. 26109616 6 64 from women 1143:1147 arg1 2013 1096:1099 May 2013 1092:1099 May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1092:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 14 65 theme P 2758:2758 arg1 bis-GlcNAc 2746:2755 bis-GlcNAc 2746:2755 bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2746:2766 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 14 65 theme P 2758:2758 arg1 < 2760:2760 P < 0.05 2758:2765 P < 0.05 2758:2765 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 7 66 theme protein 1396:1402 arg1 expression 1404:1413 protein expression 1396:1413 protein expression 1396:1413 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 67 theme western 1312:1318 arg1 blots 1320:1324 western blots 1312:1324 western blots 1312:1324 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 18 68 from STBs 3388:3391 arg1 villi 3407:3411 the normal villi 3396:3411 the normal villi 3396:3411 bis-GlcNAc was primarily located outside of the STBs in the normal villi, whereas it was expressed much more abundantly outside of both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group at each week of gestation. 26109616 11 69 from α5β1 2190:2193 arg1 terms 2127:2131 terms 2127:2131 terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 2127:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 23 70 theme China 4241:4245 arg1 Foundation 4227:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation 4198:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546) 4198:4256 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 2 71 theme normal 430:435 arg1 pregnancy 437:445 early normal pregnancy 424:445 early normal pregnancy 424:445 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 0 72 theme GlcNAc-branched 34:48 arg1 N-glycan 50:57 bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan 24:57 bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan 24:57 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 11 73 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 2140:2150 arg1 structures 2167:2176 the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures 2136:2176 the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 2136:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 6 74 theme Affiliated 1035:1044 arg1 Hospital 1046:1053 the First Affiliated Hospital 1025:1053 the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1025:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 2 75 theme altered 479:485 arg1 β1,6-GlcNAc 513:523 β1,6-GlcNAc 513:523 β1,6-GlcNAc 513:523 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 2 75 theme altered 479:485 arg1 β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine 487:510 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine 479:510 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) 479:524 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 23 76 dep INTERESTS 4148:4156 arg1 supported 4173:4181 supported 4173:4181 was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546) 4169:4256 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 10 77 theme GnT-III 1799:1805 arg1 capacity 1777:1784 the functional capacity 1762:1784 the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups 1762:1851 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 14 78 theme GnT-III 2734:2740 arg1 expression 2720:2729 a higher expression 2711:2729 a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2711:2766 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 14 78 theme GnT-III 2734:2740 arg1 expression 2660:2669 a lower expression 2652:2669 a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2652:2705 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 20 79 from mechanism 3778:3786 arg1 humans 3807:3812 humans 3807:3812 humans 3807:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 17 80 from STBs 3308:3311 arg1 group 3333:3337 the ESM group 3325:3337 the ESM group 3325:3337 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 6 81 theme normal 1127:1132 arg1 women 1143:1147 60 normal pregnant women 1124:1147 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy 1124:1192 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 20 82 dep diagnosis 3856:3864 arg1 the 3843:3845 the 3843:3845 the 3843:3845 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 18 83 theme gestation 3527:3535 arg1 week 3519:3522 each week 3514:3522 each week of gestation 3514:3535 bis-GlcNAc was primarily located outside of the STBs in the normal villi, whereas it was expressed much more abundantly outside of both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group at each week of gestation. 26109616 8 84 theme GnT-III 1603:1609 arg1 location 1581:1588 the location 1577:1588 the location of GnT-V and GnT-III 1577:1609 We used immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to detect the location of GnT-V and GnT-III. 26109616 14 85 theme enzymatic 2795:2803 arg1 activity 2805:2812 enzymatic activity 2795:2812 enzymatic activity 2795:2812 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 19 86 theme P 3649:3649 arg1 β1 3645:3646 integrin β1 3636:3646 integrin β1 (P < 0.05) 3636:3657 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 86 theme P 3649:3649 arg1 < 3651:3651 P < 0.05 3649:3656 P < 0.05 3649:3656 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 87 theme ESM 3680:3682 arg1 group 3684:3688 the ESM group 3676:3688 the ESM group 3676:3688 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 14 88 theme bis-GlcNAc 2746:2755 arg1 expression 2720:2729 a higher expression 2711:2729 a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2711:2766 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 14 88 theme bis-GlcNAc 2746:2755 arg1 expression 2660:2669 a lower expression 2652:2669 a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2652:2705 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 8 89 used used 1518:1521 arg2 We 1515:1516 We 1515:1516 We 1515:1516 We used immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to detect the location of GnT-V and GnT-III. 26109616 10 90 link enzyme-linked 1865:1877 arg1 kit 1899:1901 an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit 1862:1901 an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit 1862:1901 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 19 91 located observed 3664:3671 arg2 N-glycans 3579:3587 decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3548:3587 decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3548:3587 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 91 located observed 3664:3671 arg2 N-glycans 3623:3631 increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3593:3631 increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3593:3631 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 19 91 located observed 3664:3671 arg1 group 3684:3688 the ESM group 3676:3688 the ESM group 3676:3688 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 9 92 used used 1656:1659 arg2 histochemistry 1636:1649 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry 1612:1649 histochemistry 1636:1649 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 9 92 used used 1656:1659 arg2 fluorescence 1619:1630 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry 1612:1649 fluorescence 1619:1630 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 23 93 theme National 4202:4209 arg1 Foundation 4227:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation 4198:4236 the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546) 4198:4256 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 2 94 theme GnT-III 369:375 arg1 expression 377:386 GnT-III expression 369:386 GnT-III expression in chorionic villi 369:405 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 1 95 theme early 269:273 arg1 ESM 300:302 ESM 300:302 ESM 300:302 STUDY QUESTION Do N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) play an important role in early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) in humans. 26109616 1 95 theme early 269:273 arg1 miscarriage 287:297 early spontaneous miscarriage 269:297 early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) 269:303 STUDY QUESTION Do N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) play an important role in early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) in humans. 26109616 18 96 theme normal 3400:3405 arg1 villi 3407:3411 the normal villi 3396:3411 the normal villi 3396:3411 bis-GlcNAc was primarily located outside of the STBs in the normal villi, whereas it was expressed much more abundantly outside of both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group at each week of gestation. 26109616 12 97 theme group 2288:2292 arg1 expression 2294:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 14 98 theme higher 2713:2718 arg1 expression 2720:2729 a higher expression 2711:2729 a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2711:2766 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 11 99 theme co-precipitated 1951:1965 arg1 α5β1 1976:1979 co-precipitated integrin α5β1 1951:1979 co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting 1951:2038 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 19 100 theme decreased 3548:3556 arg1 N-glycans 3579:3587 decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3548:3587 decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3548:3587 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 7 101 theme chorionic 1433:1441 arg1 villi 1443:1447 chorionic villi 1433:1447 chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1433:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 13 102 dep expression 2453:2462 arg1 the 2449:2451 the 2449:2451 the 2449:2451 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 2 103 from GnT-V 359:363 arg1 villi 401:405 chorionic villi 391:405 chorionic villi 391:405 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 8 104 theme GnT-V 1593:1597 arg1 location 1581:1588 the location 1577:1588 the location of GnT-V and GnT-III 1577:1609 We used immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to detect the location of GnT-V and GnT-III. 26109616 5 105 theme GnT-III 892:898 arg1 expressions 867:877 the expressions 863:877 the expressions of GnT-V and GnT-III in ESM 863:905 However, the expressions of GnT-V and GnT-III in ESM have not been reported. 26109616 15 106 theme syncytiotrophoblasts 2891:2910 arg1 cytoplasm 2878:2886 the cytoplasm 2874:2886 the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) 2874:2963 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 14 107 theme ESM 2632:2634 arg1 group 2636:2640 the ESM group 2628:2640 the ESM group 2628:2640 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 11 108 theme first 2206:2210 arg1 trimester 2212:2220 the first trimester 2202:2220 the first trimester in both groups 2202:2235 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 11 109 theme bis-GlcNAc 2156:2165 arg1 structures 2167:2176 the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures 2136:2176 the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 2136:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 20 110 theme FINDINGS 3717:3724 arg1 IMPLICATIONS 3697:3708 WIDER IMPLICATIONS 3691:3708 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 3691:3886 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 6 111 theme elective 1160:1167 arg1 termination 1169:1179 elective termination 1160:1179 elective termination of pregnancy 1160:1192 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 14 112 theme P 2697:2697 arg1 β1,6-GlcNAc 2684:2694 β1,6-GlcNAc 2684:2694 β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2684:2705 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 14 112 theme P 2697:2697 arg1 < 2699:2699 P < 0.05 2697:2704 P < 0.05 2697:2704 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 7 113 from villi 1443:1447 arg1 group 1465:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 113 from villi 1443:1447 arg1 week 1497:1500 week 6 1497:1502 week 6 1497:1502 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 113 from villi 1443:1447 arg1 group 1486:1490 the normal group 1475:1490 the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1475:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 14 114 theme normal 2614:2619 arg1 group 2621:2625 the normal group 2610:2625 the normal group 2610:2625 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 20 115 theme ESM 3883:3885 arg1 treatment 3870:3878 treatment 3870:3878 treatment 3870:3878 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 20 115 theme ESM 3883:3885 arg1 diagnosis 3856:3864 clinical diagnosis 3847:3864 clinical diagnosis 3847:3864 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 14 116 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 2684:2694 arg1 expression 2720:2729 a higher expression 2711:2729 a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2711:2766 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 14 116 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 2684:2694 arg1 expression 2660:2669 a lower expression 2652:2669 a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2652:2705 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 10 117 theme functional 1766:1775 arg1 capacity 1777:1784 the functional capacity 1762:1784 the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups 1762:1851 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 7 118 dep GnT-V 1351:1355 arg1 Mgat3 1385:1389 Mgat3 1385:1389 Mgat3 1385:1389 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 118 dep GnT-V 1351:1355 arg1 the 1347:1349 the 1347:1349 the 1347:1349 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 118 dep GnT-V 1351:1355 arg1 Mgat5 1375:1379 Mgat5 1375:1379 Mgat5 1375:1379 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 9 119 from location 1673:1680 arg1 groups 1744:1749 the normal and ESM groups 1725:1749 the normal and ESM groups 1725:1749 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 12 120 theme normal 2281:2286 arg1 expression 2294:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 14 121 theme GnT-V 2674:2678 arg1 expression 2720:2729 a higher expression 2711:2729 a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2711:2766 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 14 121 theme GnT-V 2674:2678 arg1 expression 2660:2669 a lower expression 2652:2669 a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) 2652:2705 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 22 122 theme tissues 4067:4073 arg1 degradation 4048:4058 degradation 4048:4058 degradation of the tissues after the miscarriage event 4048:4101 In some cases, degradation of the tissues after the miscarriage event cannot be ruled out. 26109616 12 123 theme MAIN 2238:2241 arg1 RESULTS 2243:2249 MAIN RESULTS 2238:2249 MAIN RESULTS 2238:2249 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 6 124 theme DURATION 951:958 arg1 DESIGN 937:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 6 124 theme DURATION 951:958 arg1 samples 968:974 DURATION Villous samples 951:974 DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation 951:1005 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 9 125 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 1685:1695 arg1 location 1673:1680 the location 1669:1680 the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups 1669:1749 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 16 126 theme normal 3086:3091 arg1 villi 3093:3097 normal villi 3086:3097 normal villi 3086:3097 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan was mainly located outside of the STB and CTB layer in normal villi and was expressed only rarely in the ESM villi. 26109616 6 127 theme clinical 1222:1229 arg1 diagnosis 1231:1239 a clinical diagnosis 1220:1239 a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1220:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 24 128 theme competing 4279:4287 arg1 interests 4289:4297 no competing interests 4276:4297 no competing interests 4276:4297 The authors have no competing interests. 26109616 1 129 theme STUDY 135:139 arg1 QUESTION 141:148 STUDY QUESTION 135:148 STUDY QUESTION 135:148 STUDY QUESTION Do N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) play an important role in early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) in humans. 26109616 6 130 theme First 1029:1033 arg1 Hospital 1046:1053 the First Affiliated Hospital 1025:1053 the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1025:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 9 131 theme bis-GlcNAc 1701:1710 arg1 branching 1712:1720 bis-GlcNAc branching 1701:1720 bis-GlcNAc branching 1701:1720 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 6 132 dep 9 986:986 arg1 to 983:984 to 983:984 to 983:984 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 19 133 theme β1,6-GlcNAc-branched 3558:3577 arg1 N-glycans 3579:3587 decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3548:3587 decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3548:3587 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 12 134 from RESULTS 2243:2249 arg1 concentration 2335:2347 the concentration 2331:2347 the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc 2331:2375 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 134 from RESULTS 2243:2249 arg1 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 134 from RESULTS 2243:2249 arg1 expression 2294:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 16 135 theme STB 3065:3067 arg1 layer 3077:3081 the STB and CTB layer 3061:3081 layer 3077:3081 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan was mainly located outside of the STB and CTB layer in normal villi and was expressed only rarely in the ESM villi. 26109616 21 136 dep REASONS 3901:3907 arg1 lacks 3931:3935 lacks 3931:3935 lacks experiments in vitro 3931:3956 LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study lacks experiments in vitro to disclose the precise mechanism by which GnT-V and GnT-III regulate ESM. 26109616 16 137 theme ESM 3136:3138 arg1 villi 3140:3144 the ESM villi 3132:3144 the ESM villi 3132:3144 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan was mainly located outside of the STB and CTB layer in normal villi and was expressed only rarely in the ESM villi. 26109616 12 138 theme GnT-V 2321:2325 arg1 concentration 2335:2347 the concentration 2331:2347 the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc 2331:2375 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 138 theme GnT-V 2321:2325 arg1 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 138 theme GnT-V 2321:2325 arg1 expression 2294:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 6 139 from patients 1206:1213 arg1 2013 1096:1099 May 2013 1092:1099 May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1092:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 13 140 theme GnT-III 2480:2486 arg1 expression 2453:2462 expression 2453:2462 expression 2453:2462 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 140 theme GnT-III 2480:2486 arg1 higher 2542:2547 higher 2542:2547 higher 2542:2547 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 140 theme GnT-III 2480:2486 arg1 concentration 2496:2508 the concentration 2492:2508 the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc 2492:2535 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 13 140 theme GnT-III 2480:2486 arg1 activity 2468:2475 activity 2468:2475 activity 2468:2475 In contrast, the expression and activity of GnT-III and the concentration of its product, bis-GlcNAc were higher at week 6 than at weeks 7, 8 and 9 (P < 0.05). 26109616 7 141 from expression 1404:1413 arg1 group 1465:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 141 from expression 1404:1413 arg1 week 1497:1500 week 6 1497:1502 week 6 1497:1502 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 141 from expression 1404:1413 arg1 group 1486:1490 the normal group 1475:1490 the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1475:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 6 142 with patients 1206:1213 arg1 diagnosis 1231:1239 a clinical diagnosis 1220:1239 a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1220:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 9 143 theme normal 1729:1734 arg1 groups 1744:1749 the normal and ESM groups 1725:1749 the normal and ESM groups 1725:1749 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 0 144 from β1,6-GlcNAc 8:18 arg1 β1 71:72 integrin β1 62:72 integrin β1 62:72 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 15 145 theme villous 2933:2939 arg1 CTBs 2959:2962 CTBs 2959:2962 CTBs 2959:2962 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 15 145 theme villous 2933:2939 arg1 cytotrophoblasts 2941:2956 chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts 2923:2956 chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) 2923:2963 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 19 146 theme bis-GlcNAc-branched 3603:3621 arg1 N-glycans 3623:3631 increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3593:3631 increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans 3593:3631 Moreover, decreased β1,6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans and increased bis-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans on integrin β1 (P < 0.05) were observed in the ESM group. 26109616 0 147 theme spontaneous 100:110 arg1 miscarriage 112:122 early spontaneous miscarriage 94:122 early spontaneous miscarriage in humans 94:132 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 9 148 theme ESM 1740:1742 arg1 groups 1744:1749 the normal and ESM groups 1725:1749 the normal and ESM groups 1725:1749 Lectin fluorescence and histochemistry were used to test the location of β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc branching in the normal and ESM groups. 26109616 17 149 theme normal 3250:3255 arg1 villi 3257:3261 normal villi 3250:3261 normal villi 3250:3261 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 14 150 theme consistent 2773:2782 arg1 changes 2784:2790 consistent changes 2773:2790 consistent changes in enzymatic activity 2773:2812 Compared with the normal group, the ESM group exhibited a lower expression of GnT-V and β1,6-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) and a higher expression of GnT-III and bis-GlcNAc (P < 0.05) with consistent changes in enzymatic activity. 26109616 15 151 from located 2856:2862 arg1 group 2982:2986 the ESM group 2974:2986 the ESM group 2974:2986 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 15 151 from located 2856:2862 arg1 cytoplasm 2878:2886 the cytoplasm 2874:2886 the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) 2874:2963 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 15 151 from located 2856:2862 arg1 group 3003:3007 the normal group 2992:3007 the normal group 2992:3007 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 6 152 theme May 1092:1094 arg1 2013 1096:1099 May 2013 1092:1099 May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1092:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 2 153 theme N-acetylglucosamine 540:558 arg1 N-glycans 582:590 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans 479:590 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1 479:605 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 0 154 from N-glycan 50:57 arg1 β1 71:72 integrin β1 62:72 integrin β1 62:72 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 6 155 from weeks 988:992 arg1 DESIGN 937:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN 931:942 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 6 155 from weeks 988:992 arg1 samples 968:974 DURATION Villous samples 951:974 DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation 951:1005 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 4 156 theme pregnancy 801:809 arg1 phase 792:796 the early phase 782:796 the early phase of pregnancy 782:809 It has been reported that GnT-V contributes to placentation in the early phase of pregnancy, possibly regulating trophoblast invasion. 26109616 23 157 theme STUDY 4124:4128 arg1 INTERESTS 4148:4156 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS 4124:4156 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 4124:4257 STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271546). 26109616 16 158 from layer 3077:3081 arg1 villi 3093:3097 normal villi 3086:3097 normal villi 3086:3097 β1,6-GlcNAc N-glycan was mainly located outside of the STB and CTB layer in normal villi and was expressed only rarely in the ESM villi. 26109616 10 159 dep enzyme-linked 1865:1877 arg1 immunosorbent 1879:1891 immunosorbent 1879:1891 immunosorbent 1879:1891 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 3 160 theme metastasis 696:705 arg1 GnT-III 669:675 GnT-III 669:675 GnT-III 669:675 WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY GnT-V contributes to metastasis, while GnT-III is recognized as a metastasis suppressor. 26109616 3 160 theme metastasis 696:705 arg1 suppressor 707:716 a metastasis suppressor 694:716 a metastasis suppressor 694:716 WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY GnT-V contributes to metastasis, while GnT-III is recognized as a metastasis suppressor. 26109616 20 161 theme clinical 3791:3798 arg1 ESM 3800:3802 clinical ESM 3791:3802 clinical ESM in humans 3791:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 2 162 theme chorionic 391:399 arg1 villi 401:405 chorionic villi 391:405 chorionic villi 391:405 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 0 163 theme bisecting 24:32 arg1 N-glycan 50:57 bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan 24:57 bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan 24:57 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 20 164 from humans 3807:3812 arg1 mechanism 3778:3786 the mechanism 3774:3786 the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans 3774:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 15 165 from cytoplasm 2878:2886 arg1 located 2856:2862 located 2856:2862 located 2856:2862 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 21 166 theme precise 3974:3980 arg1 mechanism 3982:3990 the precise mechanism 3970:3990 the precise mechanism by which GnT-V and GnT-III regulate ESM 3970:4030 LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study lacks experiments in vitro to disclose the precise mechanism by which GnT-V and GnT-III regulate ESM. 26109616 7 167 from mRNA 1369:1372 arg1 group 1465:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 the ESM group 1457:1469 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 167 from mRNA 1369:1372 arg1 week 1497:1500 week 6 1497:1502 week 6 1497:1502 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 167 from mRNA 1369:1372 arg1 group 1486:1490 the normal group 1475:1490 the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1475:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 6 168 theme Chongqing 1058:1066 arg1 Hospital 1046:1053 the First Affiliated Hospital 1025:1053 the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM 1025:1246 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 11 169 theme N-glycosylation 2100:2114 arg1 profile 2116:2122 the N-glycosylation profile 2096:2122 the N-glycosylation profile 2096:2122 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 17 170 theme STBs 3199:3202 arg1 cytoplasm 3186:3194 the cytoplasm 3182:3194 the cytoplasm of STBs 3182:3202 GnT-III was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of STBs and expressed only very weakly in the CTBs of normal villi, whereas it was highly expressed in both the STBs and CTBs in the ESM group. 26109616 10 171 theme chorionic 1814:1822 arg1 villi 1824:1828 the chorionic villi 1810:1828 the chorionic villi between the two groups 1810:1851 To assess the functional capacity of GnT-V and GnT-III in the chorionic villi between the two groups, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure the activity of these enzymes. 26109616 20 172 from ESM 3800:3802 arg1 humans 3807:3812 humans 3807:3812 humans 3807:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 5 173 theme GnT-V 882:886 arg1 expressions 867:877 the expressions 863:877 the expressions of GnT-V and GnT-III in ESM 863:905 However, the expressions of GnT-V and GnT-III in ESM have not been reported. 26109616 7 174 theme Quantitative 1291:1302 arg1 PCR 1304:1306 Quantitative PCR 1291:1306 Quantitative PCR 1291:1306 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 2 175 theme β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine 487:510 arg1 N-glycans 582:590 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans 479:590 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1 479:605 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 2 176 theme early 424:428 arg1 pregnancy 437:445 early normal pregnancy 424:445 early normal pregnancy 424:445 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 0 177 theme integrin 62:69 arg1 β1 71:72 integrin β1 62:72 integrin β1 62:72 Altered β1,6-GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc-branched N-glycan on integrin β1 are associated with early spontaneous miscarriage in humans. 26109616 20 178 theme WIDER 3691:3695 arg1 IMPLICATIONS 3697:3708 WIDER IMPLICATIONS 3691:3708 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 3691:3886 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 6 179 theme pregnant 1134:1141 arg1 women 1143:1147 60 normal pregnant women 1124:1147 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy 1124:1192 STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Villous samples from 6 to 9 weeks of gestation were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2013 to September 2014 from 60 normal pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ESM. 26109616 2 180 theme branched 573:580 arg1 N-glycans 582:590 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans 479:590 altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1 479:605 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 12 181 theme product 2356:2362 arg1 concentration 2335:2347 the concentration 2331:2347 the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc 2331:2375 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 181 theme product 2356:2362 arg1 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 181 theme product 2356:2362 arg1 expression 2294:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 22 182 theme miscarriage 4085:4095 arg1 event 4097:4101 the miscarriage event 4081:4101 the miscarriage event 4081:4101 In some cases, degradation of the tissues after the miscarriage event cannot be ruled out. 26109616 20 183 dep IMPLICATIONS 3697:3708 arg1 provide 3739:3745 provide 3739:3745 provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans 3739:3812 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 20 183 dep IMPLICATIONS 3697:3708 arg1 valuable 3830:3837 valuable 3830:3837 valuable 3830:3837 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 7 184 theme normal 1479:1484 arg1 group 1486:1490 the normal group 1475:1490 the normal group from week 6 to week 9 1475:1512 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 12 185 theme P 2425:2425 arg1 < 2427:2427 P < 0.05 2425:2432 P < 0.05 2425:2432 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 185 theme P 2425:2425 arg1 weeks 2407:2411 weeks 6, 7 and 8 2407:2422 weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05) 2407:2433 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 2 186 from N-glycans 582:590 arg1 β1 604:605 integrin β1 595:605 integrin β1 595:605 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 7 187 used used 1331:1334 arg2 METHODS 1283:1289 METHODS 1283:1289 METHODS 1283:1289 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 187 used used 1331:1334 arg2 SETTING 1274:1280 SETTING 1274:1280 SETTING 1274:1280 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 187 used used 1331:1334 arg2 MATERIALS 1263:1271 MATERIALS 1263:1271 MATERIALS 1263:1271 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 7 187 used used 1331:1334 arg2 PARTICIPANTS 1249:1260 PARTICIPANTS 1249:1260 PARTICIPANTS 1249:1260 PARTICIPANTS, MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Quantitative PCR and western blots were used to examine the GnT-V and GnT-III mRNA (Mgat5 and Mgat3) and protein expression, respectively, of chorionic villi in both the ESM group and the normal group from week 6 to week 9. 26109616 11 188 from structures 2167:2176 arg1 α5β1 2190:2193 integrin α5β1 2181:2193 integrin α5β1 2181:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 2 189 theme dynamic 335:341 arg1 balance 343:349 The dynamic balance 331:349 The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi 331:405 SUMMARY ANSWER The dynamic balance between GnT-V and GnT-III expression in chorionic villi differed between early normal pregnancy and ESM and was associated with altered β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bis-GlcNAc) branched N-glycans on integrin β1. 26109616 1 190 theme important 251:259 arg1 role 261:264 an important role 248:264 an important role 248:264 STUDY QUESTION Do N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) play an important role in early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) in humans. 26109616 12 191 from ROLE 2259:2262 arg1 concentration 2335:2347 the concentration 2331:2347 the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc 2331:2375 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 191 from ROLE 2259:2262 arg1 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 activity 2309:2316 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 12 191 from ROLE 2259:2262 arg1 expression 2294:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 normal group expression 2281:2303 MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the normal group expression and activity of GnT-V and the concentration of its product, β1,6-GlcNAc were higher at week 9 than at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (P < 0.05). 26109616 15 192 theme cytotrophoblasts 2941:2956 arg1 cytoplasm 2878:2886 the cytoplasm 2874:2886 the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) 2874:2963 Immunofluorescence showed that GnT-V was located mainly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and chorionic villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), in both the ESM group and the normal group. 26109616 20 193 theme clinical 3847:3854 arg1 diagnosis 3856:3864 clinical diagnosis 3847:3864 clinical diagnosis 3847:3864 WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide a new insight for studying the mechanism of clinical ESM in humans and it might be valuable for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESM. 26109616 11 194 from terms 2127:2131 arg1 α5β1 2190:2193 integrin α5β1 2181:2193 integrin α5β1 2181:2193 Using co-precipitated integrin α5β1 followed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-L and PHA-E blotting, we investigated whether GnT-V and GnT-III could modify the N-glycosylation profile in terms of the β1,6-GlcNAc and bis-GlcNAc structures in integrin α5β1 during the first trimester in both groups. 26109616 4 195 theme trophoblast 832:842 arg1 invasion 844:851 trophoblast invasion 832:851 trophoblast invasion 832:851 It has been reported that GnT-V contributes to placentation in the early phase of pregnancy, possibly regulating trophoblast invasion. 28821055 6 0 theme paper 908:912 arg1 part 896:899 A large part 888:899 A large part of the paper 888:912 A large part of the paper was dedicated to in vitro biological tests. 28821055 3 1 theme sol-gel 511:517 arg1 technique 519:527 the sol-gel technique 507:527 the sol-gel technique 507:527 Afterwards, the polymer powder was mixed with silicate cement powders synthesized through the sol-gel technique. 28821055 4 2 theme X-ray 600:604 arg1 diffraction 606:616 X-ray diffraction 600:616 X-ray diffraction 600:616 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 2 3 theme hydrothermal 393:404 arg1 treatment 406:414 an hydrothermal treatment 390:414 an hydrothermal treatment 390:414 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 7 4 theme mineralization 992:1005 arg1 process 1007:1013 a pronounced mineralization process 979:1013 a pronounced mineralization process 979:1013 All materials showed a pronounced mineralization process in simulated conditions. 28821055 2 5 theme structure 351:359 arg1 crushing 323:330 crushing 323:330 crushing 323:330 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 6 6 dep in 931:932 arg1 vitro 934:938 vitro 934:938 vitro 934:938 A large part of the paper was dedicated to in vitro biological tests. 28821055 6 6 dep in 931:932 arg1 biological 940:949 biological 940:949 biological 940:949 A large part of the paper was dedicated to in vitro biological tests. 28821055 6 7 theme in 931:932 arg1 tests 951:955 in vitro biological tests 931:955 in vitro biological tests 931:955 A large part of the paper was dedicated to in vitro biological tests. 28821055 2 8 from crushing 323:330 arg1 powder 379:384 a polygranular powder 364:384 a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment 364:414 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 2 9 theme important 284:292 arg1 achievement 294:304 An important achievement 281:304 An important achievement 281:304 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 7 10 theme simulated 1018:1026 arg1 conditions 1028:1037 simulated conditions 1018:1037 simulated conditions 1018:1037 All materials showed a pronounced mineralization process in simulated conditions. 28821055 8 11 theme cytotoxic 1069:1077 arg1 effects 1079:1085 cytotoxic effects 1069:1085 cytotoxic effects 1069:1085 Moreover, they did not exert cytotoxic effects, but presented the ability to sustain cell survival and to promote cell proliferation. 28821055 8 12 theme cell 1154:1157 arg1 proliferation 1159:1171 cell proliferation 1154:1171 cell proliferation 1154:1171 Moreover, they did not exert cytotoxic effects, but presented the ability to sustain cell survival and to promote cell proliferation. 28821055 4 13 theme mechanical 652:661 arg1 measurements 663:674 mechanical measurements 652:674 mechanical measurements 652:674 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 1 14 theme new 157:159 arg1 family 161:166 a new family 155:166 a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes 155:244 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 8 15 dep ability 1106:1112 arg1 sustain 1117:1123 sustain 1117:1123 to sustain cell survival 1114:1137 Moreover, they did not exert cytotoxic effects, but presented the ability to sustain cell survival and to promote cell proliferation. 28821055 8 15 dep ability 1106:1112 arg1 promote 1146:1152 promote 1146:1152 to promote cell proliferation 1143:1171 Moreover, they did not exert cytotoxic effects, but presented the ability to sustain cell survival and to promote cell proliferation. 28821055 5 16 theme embedded 819:826 arg1 particles 841:849 the embedded biocellulose particles 815:849 the embedded biocellulose particles 815:849 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 1 17 theme composites 171:180 arg1 family 161:166 a new family 155:166 a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes 155:244 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 0 18 theme cement 24:29 arg1 properties 31:40 silicate cement properties 15:40 silicate cement properties 15:40 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 1 19 from applications 252:263 arg1 endodontics 268:278 endodontics 268:278 endodontics 268:278 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 7 20 theme pronounced 981:990 arg1 process 1007:1013 a pronounced mineralization process 979:1013 a pronounced mineralization process 979:1013 All materials showed a pronounced mineralization process in simulated conditions. 28821055 3 21 theme silicate 463:470 arg1 powders 479:485 silicate cement powders 463:485 silicate cement powders synthesized through the sol-gel technique 463:527 Afterwards, the polymer powder was mixed with silicate cement powders synthesized through the sol-gel technique. 28821055 0 22 theme silicate 15:22 arg1 properties 31:40 silicate cement properties 15:40 silicate cement properties 15:40 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 5 23 theme structuring 755:765 arg1 degree 767:772 an increased structuring degree 742:772 an increased structuring degree 742:772 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 0 24 from applications 87:98 arg1 dentistry 103:111 dentistry 103:111 dentistry 103:111 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 3 25 theme cement 472:477 arg1 powders 479:485 silicate cement powders 463:485 silicate cement powders synthesized through the sol-gel technique 463:527 Afterwards, the polymer powder was mixed with silicate cement powders synthesized through the sol-gel technique. 28821055 5 26 theme biocellulose 828:839 arg1 particles 841:849 the embedded biocellulose particles 815:849 the embedded biocellulose particles 815:849 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 4 27 theme thermal 582:588 arg1 analysis 590:597 thermal analysis 582:597 thermal analysis 582:597 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 8 28 theme cell 1125:1128 arg1 survival 1130:1137 cell survival 1125:1137 cell survival 1125:1137 Moreover, they did not exert cytotoxic effects, but presented the ability to sustain cell survival and to promote cell proliferation. 28821055 3 29 theme polymer 433:439 arg1 powder 441:446 the polymer powder 429:446 the polymer powder 429:446 Afterwards, the polymer powder was mixed with silicate cement powders synthesized through the sol-gel technique. 28821055 1 30 theme mineral 196:202 arg1 powders 211:217 mineral binder powders 196:217 mineral binder powders 196:217 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 0 31 theme properties 31:40 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 0:112 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 4 32 theme hybrid 544:549 arg1 materials 551:559 The resulting hybrid materials 530:559 The resulting hybrid materials 530:559 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 5 33 theme particles 841:849 arg1 surface 804:810 the surface 800:810 the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time 800:885 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 1 34 theme binder 204:209 arg1 powders 211:217 mineral binder powders 196:217 mineral binder powders 196:217 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 0 35 theme cellulose 57:65 arg1 addition 74:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition 47:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry 47:111 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 4 36 theme resulting 534:542 arg1 materials 551:559 The resulting hybrid materials 530:559 The resulting hybrid materials 530:559 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 6 37 theme large 890:894 arg1 part 896:899 A large part 888:899 A large part of the paper 888:912 A large part of the paper was dedicated to in vitro biological tests. 28821055 2 38 from powder 379:384 arg1 crushing 323:330 crushing 323:330 crushing 323:330 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 2 39 theme 3D 348:349 arg1 structure 351:359 biocellulose 3D structure 335:359 biocellulose 3D structure 335:359 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 0 40 theme bacterial 47:55 arg1 addition 74:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition 47:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry 47:111 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 5 41 theme hardening 722:730 arg1 28days 712:717 28days 712:717 28days of hardening 712:730 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 2 42 theme biocellulose 335:346 arg1 structure 351:359 biocellulose 3D structure 335:359 biocellulose 3D structure 335:359 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 0 43 with Improvement 0:10 arg1 addition 74:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition 47:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry 47:111 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 4 44 theme electron 628:635 arg1 microscopy 637:646 scanning electron microscopy 619:646 scanning electron microscopy 619:646 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 5 45 theme faster 867:872 arg1 time 882:885 a faster setting time 865:885 a faster setting time 865:885 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 1 46 theme paper 131:135 arg1 goal 118:121 The goal 114:121 The goal of this paper 114:135 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 4 47 theme scanning 619:626 arg1 microscopy 637:646 scanning electron microscopy 619:646 scanning electron microscopy 619:646 The resulting hybrid materials were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurements. 28821055 5 48 theme setting 874:880 arg1 time 882:885 a faster setting time 865:885 a faster setting time 865:885 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 28821055 2 49 theme polygranular 366:377 arg1 powder 379:384 a polygranular powder 364:384 a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment 364:414 An important achievement consisted in the crushing of biocellulose 3D structure in a polygranular powder via an hydrothermal treatment. 28821055 1 50 theme biocellulose 223:234 arg1 membranes 236:244 biocellulose membranes 223:244 biocellulose membranes 223:244 The goal of this paper was to synthesize a new family of composites starting from mineral binder powders and biocellulose membranes, with applications in endodontics. 28821055 0 51 theme powder 67:72 arg1 addition 74:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition 47:81 bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry 47:111 Improvement of silicate cement properties with bacterial cellulose powder addition for applications in dentistry. 28821055 5 52 theme increased 745:753 arg1 degree 767:772 an increased structuring degree 742:772 an increased structuring degree 742:772 The hydrocompounds developed after 28days of hardening exhibited an increased structuring degree and favourably adhered to the surface of the embedded biocellulose particles, which led to a faster setting time. 24013695 0 0 theme dietary 84:90 arg1 fibers 92:97 three dietary fibers 78:97 three dietary fibers 78:97 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 4 1 theme sausage 806:812 arg1 formulations 814:825 beef sausage formulations 801:825 beef sausage formulations 801:825 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 1 2 dep VITACEL 222:228 arg1 fiber 327:331 potato fiber 320:331 potato fiber 320:331 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 2 dep VITACEL 222:228 arg1 cellulose 245:253 powdered cellulose 236:253 VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200) 222:261 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 3 dep properties 379:388 arg1 the 345:347 the 345:347 the 345:347 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 4 4 theme beef 801:804 arg1 formulations 814:825 beef sausage formulations 801:825 beef sausage formulations 801:825 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 1 5 theme quality 394:400 arg1 characteristics 402:416 quality characteristics 394:416 quality characteristics 394:416 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 6 from effects 67:73 arg1 characteristics 114:128 the quality characteristics 102:128 the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 102:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 7 theme potato 320:325 arg1 fiber 327:331 potato fiber 320:331 potato fiber 320:331 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 8 theme fibers 92:97 arg1 effects 67:73 effects 67:73 effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 67:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 8 theme fibers 92:97 arg1 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 8 theme fibers 92:97 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 5 9 theme dietary 1052:1058 arg1 fiber 1060:1064 dietary fiber 1052:1064 dietary fiber 1052:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 4 10 theme formulations 814:825 arg1 elasticity 787:796 elasticity 787:796 elasticity 787:796 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 4 10 theme formulations 814:825 arg1 masticability 769:781 masticability 769:781 masticability 769:781 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 0 11 theme quality 106:112 arg1 characteristics 114:128 the quality characteristics 102:128 the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 102:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 12 from properties 52:61 arg1 characteristics 114:128 the quality characteristics 102:128 the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 102:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 13 theme Tunisian 421:428 arg1 sausage 435:441 Tunisian beef sausage 421:441 Tunisian beef sausage 421:441 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 4 14 theme sensory 912:918 arg1 properties 920:929 their sensory properties 906:929 their sensory properties 906:929 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 1 15 theme beef 430:433 arg1 sausage 435:441 Tunisian beef sausage 421:441 Tunisian beef sausage 421:441 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 5 16 theme fiber 1060:1064 arg1 source 1042:1047 a promising source 1030:1047 a promising source of dietary fiber 1030:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 1 17 theme sausage 435:441 arg1 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 17 theme sausage 435:441 arg1 characteristics 402:416 quality characteristics 394:416 quality characteristics 394:416 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 3 18 theme binding 549:555 arg1 WBC 567:569 WBC 567:569 WBC 567:569 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 3 18 theme binding 549:555 arg1 capacity 557:564 high water binding capacity 538:564 high water binding capacity (WBC) 538:570 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 4 19 theme minimized 831:839 arg1 costs 871:875 minimized their hardness and production costs 831:875 minimized their hardness and production costs 831:875 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 0 20 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 effects 67:73 effects 67:73 effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 67:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 20 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 20 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 21 theme techno-functional 22:38 arg1 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 21 theme techno-functional 22:38 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 22 theme barley 264:269 arg1 beta-glucan 271:281 barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC) 264:299 barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC) 264:299 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 22 theme barley 264:269 arg1 fibers 207:212 three dietary fibers 193:212 three dietary fibers 193:212 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 4 23 theme costs 871:875 arg1 elasticity 787:796 elasticity 787:796 elasticity 787:796 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 4 23 theme costs 871:875 arg1 masticability 769:781 masticability 769:781 masticability 769:781 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 3 24 theme high 538:541 arg1 WBC 567:569 WBC 567:569 WBC 567:569 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 3 24 theme high 538:541 arg1 capacity 557:564 high water binding capacity 538:564 high water binding capacity (WBC) 538:570 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 5 25 theme functional 980:989 arg1 utility 1004:1010 the potential functional and economic utility 966:1010 the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber 966:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 4 26 dep masticability 769:781 arg1 the 765:767 the 765:767 the 765:767 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 4 27 theme production 860:869 arg1 costs 871:875 minimized their hardness and production costs 831:875 minimized their hardness and production costs 831:875 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 3 28 theme water 543:547 arg1 WBC 567:569 WBC 567:569 WBC 567:569 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 3 28 theme water 543:547 arg1 capacity 557:564 high water binding capacity 538:564 high water binding capacity (WBC) 538:570 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 1 29 theme dietary 199:205 arg1 beta-glucan 271:281 barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC) 264:299 barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC) 264:299 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 29 theme dietary 199:205 arg1 fibers 207:212 three dietary fibers 193:212 three dietary fibers 193:212 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 29 theme dietary 199:205 arg1 VITACEL 222:228 VITACEL 222:228 VITACEL 222:228 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 29 theme dietary 199:205 arg1 VITACEL 306:312 VITACEL 306:312 VITACEL 306:312 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 30 theme sensory 44:50 arg1 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 properties 52:61 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 30 theme sensory 44:50 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 0 31 theme beef 142:145 arg1 sausage 147:153 Tunisian beef sausage 133:153 Tunisian beef sausage 133:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 5 32 theme promising 1032:1040 arg1 source 1042:1047 a promising source 1030:1047 a promising source of dietary fiber 1030:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 4 33 theme LC200 750:754 arg1 application 735:745 The application 731:745 The application of LC200 731:754 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 1 34 theme fibers 207:212 arg1 effects 182:188 the effects 178:188 the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 178:441 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 3 35 theme vegetable 701:709 arg1 concentrates 717:728 most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates 686:728 most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates 686:728 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 0 36 theme Tunisian 133:140 arg1 sausage 147:153 Tunisian beef sausage 133:153 Tunisian beef sausage 133:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 3 37 theme fiber 711:715 arg1 concentrates 717:728 most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates 686:728 most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates 686:728 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 1 38 theme techno-functional 349:365 arg1 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 5 39 theme economic 995:1002 arg1 utility 1004:1010 the potential functional and economic utility 966:1010 the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber 966:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 3 40 theme g/g 632:634 arg1 values 604:609 values 604:609 values 604:609 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 3 41 theme fruit 691:695 arg1 concentrates 717:728 most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates 686:728 most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates 686:728 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 0 42 theme sausage 147:153 arg1 characteristics 114:128 the quality characteristics 102:128 the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage 102:153 Chemical composition, techno-functional and sensory properties and effects of three dietary fibers on the quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 3 43 theme g/g 619:621 arg1 values 604:609 values 604:609 values 604:609 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 5 44 theme potential 970:978 arg1 utility 1004:1010 the potential functional and economic utility 966:1010 the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber 966:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 1 45 theme sensory 371:377 arg1 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 4 46 theme hardness 847:854 arg1 costs 871:875 minimized their hardness and production costs 831:875 minimized their hardness and production costs 831:875 The application of LC200 improved the masticability and elasticity of beef sausage formulations and minimized their hardness and production costs without negatively affecting their sensory properties. 24013695 5 47 theme fiber 1021:1025 arg1 utility 1004:1010 the potential functional and economic utility 966:1010 the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber 966:1064 Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of LC200 fiber as a promising source of dietary fiber. 24013695 1 48 from effects 182:188 arg1 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 properties 379:388 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 48 from effects 182:188 arg1 characteristics 402:416 quality characteristics 394:416 quality characteristics 394:416 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 3 49 dep displayed 528:536 arg1 values 604:609 values 604:609 values 604:609 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 2 50 theme functional 478:487 arg1 properties 489:498 interesting functional properties 466:498 interesting functional properties for LC200 fiber 466:514 The findings revealed interesting functional properties for LC200 fiber. 24013695 3 51 theme oil 576:578 arg1 OBC 598:600 OBC 598:600 OBC 598:600 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 3 51 theme oil 576:578 arg1 capacity 588:595 oil binding capacity 576:595 oil binding capacity (OBC) 576:601 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 2 52 theme interesting 466:476 arg1 properties 489:498 interesting functional properties 466:498 interesting functional properties for LC200 fiber 466:514 The findings revealed interesting functional properties for LC200 fiber. 24013695 1 53 dep beta-glucan 271:281 arg1 BBC 296:298 BBC 296:298 BBC 296:298 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 1 53 dep beta-glucan 271:281 arg1 concentrate 283:293 concentrate 283:293 barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC) 264:299 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 24013695 3 54 theme binding 580:586 arg1 OBC 598:600 OBC 598:600 OBC 598:600 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 3 54 theme binding 580:586 arg1 capacity 588:595 oil binding capacity 576:595 oil binding capacity (OBC) 576:601 This fiber displayed high water binding capacity (WBC) and oil binding capacity (OBC), values of 16.2 g/g and 10.2 g/g, respectively, which are higher than reported for most fruit and vegetable fiber concentrates. 24013695 1 55 theme powdered 236:243 arg1 cellulose 245:253 powdered cellulose 236:253 VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200) 222:261 This study determined the effects of three dietary fibers namely, VITACEL LC200 powdered cellulose (LC200), barley beta-glucan concentrate (BBC), and VITACEL KF500 potato fiber (KF500), on the techno-functional and sensory properties and quality characteristics of Tunisian beef sausage. 27067053 5 0 theme modified 674:681 arg1 proteins 683:690 the modified proteins 670:690 the modified proteins 670:690 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 1 theme endoplasmic 716:726 arg1 ER 739:740 ER 739:740 ER 739:740 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 1 theme endoplasmic 716:726 arg1 reticulum 728:736 endoplasmic reticulum 716:736 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 716:741 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 2 theme N-linked 787:794 arg1 sugars 796:801 N-linked sugars 787:801 N-linked sugars 787:801 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 0 3 from Profiling 15:23 arg1 Inflorescence 40:52 Arabidopsis Inflorescence 28:52 Arabidopsis Inflorescence 28:52 N-Glycopeptide Profiling in Arabidopsis Inflorescence. 27067053 2 4 dep fragmentation 282:294 arg1 ETD 274:276 ETD 274:276 ETD 274:276 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 4 dep fragmentation 282:294 arg1 dissociation 260:271 electron transfer dissociation 242:271 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 242:277 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 3 5 dep 16 539:540 arg1 to 536:537 to 536:537 to 536:537 While some sites were only detected with a single glycan attached, others displayed up to 16 different glycoforms. 27067053 2 6 from compositions 329:340 arg1 glycopeptides 355:367 over 1100 glycopeptides 345:367 over 1100 glycopeptides 345:367 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 7 theme tandem 296:301 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry 242:319 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry 242:319 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 8 theme mass 303:306 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry 242:319 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry 242:319 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 9 theme weak 172:175 arg1 chromatography 186:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 10 theme fragmentation 282:294 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry 242:319 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry 242:319 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 5 11 theme Golgi-localized 747:761 arg1 proteins 763:770 Golgi-localized proteins 747:770 Golgi-localized proteins 747:770 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 2 12 theme lectin 165:170 arg1 chromatography 186:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 1 13 theme first 79:83 arg1 analysis 97:104 the first large-scale analysis 75:104 the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides 75:134 This study presents the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. 27067053 2 14 theme inflorescence 408:420 arg1 tissue 422:427 Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 396:427 Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 396:427 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 15 theme agglutinin 154:163 arg1 chromatography 186:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 1 16 theme large-scale 85:95 arg1 analysis 97:104 the first large-scale analysis 75:104 the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides 75:134 This study presents the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. 27067053 2 17 theme Arabidopsis 396:406 arg1 tissue 422:427 Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 396:427 Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 396:427 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 18 theme germ 149:152 arg1 agglutinin 154:163 wheat germ agglutinin 143:163 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 19 theme glycan 322:327 arg1 compositions 329:340 glycan compositions 322:340 glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 322:427 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 20 from proteins 378:385 arg1 compositions 329:340 glycan compositions 322:340 glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 322:427 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 5 21 link N-linked 787:794 arg1 sugars 796:801 N-linked sugars 787:801 N-linked sugars 787:801 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 0 22 theme Arabidopsis 28:38 arg1 Inflorescence 40:52 Arabidopsis Inflorescence 28:52 Arabidopsis Inflorescence 28:52 N-Glycopeptide Profiling in Arabidopsis Inflorescence. 27067053 5 23 located detected 808:815 arg2 sugars 796:801 N-linked sugars 787:801 N-linked sugars 787:801 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 23 located detected 808:815 arg2 proteins 763:770 Golgi-localized proteins 747:770 Golgi-localized proteins 747:770 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 23 located detected 808:815 arg2 reticulum 728:736 endoplasmic reticulum 716:736 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 716:741 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 23 located detected 808:815 arg1 protein 822:828 a protein 820:828 a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear 820:865 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 23 located detected 808:815 arg2 ER 739:740 ER 739:740 ER 739:740 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 5 23 located detected 808:815 arg2 membrane 706:713 membrane 706:713 membrane 706:713 While most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi-localized proteins, surprisingly, N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear. 27067053 1 24 theme plant 109:113 arg1 glycopeptides 122:134 plant intact glycopeptides 109:134 plant intact glycopeptides 109:134 This study presents the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. 27067053 1 25 gly glycopeptides 122:134 arg2 glycopeptides 122:134 plant intact glycopeptides 109:134 plant intact glycopeptides 109:134 This study presents the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. 27067053 1 26 theme intact 115:120 arg1 glycopeptides 122:134 plant intact glycopeptides 109:134 plant intact glycopeptides 109:134 This study presents the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. 27067053 4 27 theme identified 574:583 arg1 glycopeptides 585:597 the identified glycopeptides 570:597 the identified glycopeptides 570:597 Among the identified glycopeptides were four modified in nonconsensus glycosylation motifs. 27067053 2 28 gly glycopeptides 355:367 arg2 glycopeptides 355:367 over 1100 glycopeptides 345:367 over 1100 glycopeptides 345:367 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 3 29 theme different 542:550 arg1 glycoforms 552:561 up to 16 different glycoforms 533:561 up to 16 different glycoforms 533:561 While some sites were only detected with a single glycan attached, others displayed up to 16 different glycoforms. 27067053 2 30 theme transfer 251:258 arg1 ETD 274:276 ETD 274:276 ETD 274:276 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 30 theme transfer 251:258 arg1 dissociation 260:271 electron transfer dissociation 242:271 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 242:277 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 4 31 gly glycopeptides 585:597 arg2 glycopeptides 585:597 the identified glycopeptides 570:597 the identified glycopeptides 570:597 Among the identified glycopeptides were four modified in nonconsensus glycosylation motifs. 27067053 2 32 theme affinity 177:184 arg1 chromatography 186:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 33 theme electron 242:249 arg1 ETD 274:276 ETD 274:276 ETD 274:276 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 33 theme electron 242:249 arg1 dissociation 260:271 electron transfer dissociation 242:271 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 242:277 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 1 34 theme glycopeptides 122:134 arg1 analysis 97:104 the first large-scale analysis 75:104 the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides 75:134 This study presents the first large-scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. 27067053 4 35 gly glycosylation 634:646 arg2 motifs 648:653 nonconsensus glycosylation motifs 621:653 nonconsensus glycosylation motifs 621:653 Among the identified glycopeptides were four modified in nonconsensus glycosylation motifs. 27067053 3 36 theme single 492:497 arg1 glycan 499:504 a single glycan 490:504 a single glycan attached 490:513 While some sites were only detected with a single glycan attached, others displayed up to 16 different glycoforms. 27067053 4 37 theme glycosylation 634:646 arg1 motifs 648:653 nonconsensus glycosylation motifs 621:653 nonconsensus glycosylation motifs 621:653 Among the identified glycopeptides were four modified in nonconsensus glycosylation motifs. 27067053 2 38 theme 1 279:279 arg1 fragmentation 282:294 fragmentation 282:294 fragmentation 282:294 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 39 located found 387:391 arg2 proteins 378:385 270 proteins 374:385 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 374:427 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 39 located found 387:391 arg1 tissue 422:427 Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 396:427 Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue 396:427 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 4 40 theme nonconsensus 621:632 arg1 motifs 648:653 nonconsensus glycosylation motifs 621:653 nonconsensus glycosylation motifs 621:653 Among the identified glycopeptides were four modified in nonconsensus glycosylation motifs. 27067053 2 41 theme modified 211:218 arg1 peptides 220:227 modified peptides 211:227 modified peptides 211:227 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 27067053 2 42 theme wheat 143:147 arg1 agglutinin 154:163 wheat germ agglutinin 143:163 wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography 143:199 Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)(1) fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. 28970166 8 0 theme wide 1455:1458 arg1 range 1460:1464 a wide range 1453:1464 a wide range of food products 1453:1481 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 2 1 theme LO 510:511 arg1 incorporation 493:505 the incorporation 489:505 the incorporation of LO 489:511 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 7 2 contain containing 1180:1189 arg2 Tween 1196:1200 Tween 1196:1200 Tween 1196:1200 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 7 2 contain containing 1180:1189 arg1 film 1175:1178 The film 1171:1178 The film containing only Tween 80 1171:1203 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 1 3 dep Span 412:415 arg1 Tween 421:425 Tween 421:425 Tween 421:425 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 0 4 theme antimicrobial 59:71 arg1 properties 73:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties 42:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films 42:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 1 5 theme different 342:350 arg1 concentrations 352:365 different concentrations 342:365 different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) 342:429 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 8 6 from film 1445:1448 arg1 range 1460:1464 a wide range 1453:1464 a wide range of food products 1453:1481 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 8 7 theme antimicrobial 1380:1392 arg1 characteristics 1394:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 0 8 theme corn 87:90 arg1 films 109:113 corn and wheat starch films 87:113 corn and wheat starch films 87:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 73:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties 42:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films 42:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 2 10 theme water 536:540 arg1 content 542:548 water content 536:548 water content 536:548 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 6 11 theme surface 1082:1088 arg1 coarseness 1090:1099 surface coarseness 1082:1099 surface coarseness 1082:1099 Compared with the CW-1LO film, the addition of surfactants significantly increased antimicrobial activity, solubility, haze, surface coarseness and porosity; remarkably decreased tensile strength and transparency. 28970166 1 12 dep corn 436:439 arg1 film 463:466 film 463:466 film 463:466 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 13 theme optical 239:245 arg1 strength 182:189 tensile strength 174:189 tensile strength 174:189 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 13 theme optical 239:245 arg1 characteristics 247:261 optical characteristics 239:261 optical characteristics 239:261 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 7 14 contain containing 1310:1319 arg1 film 1305:1308 the film 1301:1308 the film containing only Span 80 1301:1332 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 7 14 contain containing 1310:1319 arg2 Span 1326:1329 only Span 80 1321:1332 only Span 80 1321:1332 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 4 15 theme higher 770:775 arg1 concentrations 777:790 higher concentrations 770:790 higher concentrations 770:790 Films with LO, especially at higher concentrations, were more effective against all tested bacteria than the control films. 28970166 3 16 theme composite 724:732 arg1 films 734:738 CW-LO composite films 718:738 CW-LO composite films 718:738 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 0 17 theme wheat 96:100 arg1 films 109:113 corn and wheat starch films 87:113 corn and wheat starch films 87:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 1 18 theme lemon 370:374 arg1 LO 391:392 LO 391:392 LO 391:392 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 18 theme lemon 370:374 arg1 oil 386:388 lemon essential oil 370:388 lemon essential oil (LO) 370:393 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 3 19 theme CW-LO 718:722 arg1 films 734:738 CW-LO composite films 718:738 CW-LO composite films 718:738 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 4 20 theme control 850:856 arg1 films 858:862 the control films 846:862 the control films 846:862 Films with LO, especially at higher concentrations, were more effective against all tested bacteria than the control films. 28970166 1 21 theme essential 376:384 arg1 LO 391:392 LO 391:392 LO 391:392 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 21 theme essential 376:384 arg1 oil 386:388 lemon essential oil 370:388 lemon essential oil (LO) 370:393 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 2 22 theme whiteness 565:573 arg1 WI 582:583 WI 582:583 WI 582:583 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 22 theme whiteness 565:573 arg1 index 575:579 whiteness index 565:579 whiteness index (WI) 565:584 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 8 23 theme products 1474:1481 arg1 range 1460:1464 a wide range 1453:1464 a wide range of food products 1453:1481 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 1 24 theme oil 386:388 arg1 concentrations 352:365 different concentrations 342:365 different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) 342:429 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 25 theme physical 164:171 arg1 microstructure 148:161 the microstructure 144:161 the microstructure 144:161 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 25 theme physical 164:171 arg1 properties 282:291 physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties 164:291 physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film 164:466 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 3 26 theme b 670:670 arg1 * 671:671 Higher b* 663:671 Higher b* 663:671 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 2 27 theme vapor 593:597 arg1 WVP 613:615 WVP 613:615 WVP 613:615 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 27 theme vapor 593:597 arg1 permeability 599:610 water vapor permeability 587:610 water vapor permeability (WVP) 587:616 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 3 28 theme haze 689:692 arg1 values 694:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 0 29 theme oil 20:22 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 0:114 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 3 30 theme * 671:671 arg1 values 694:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 0 31 theme films 109:113 arg1 properties 73:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties 42:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films 42:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 2 32 theme water 587:591 arg1 WVP 613:615 WVP 613:615 WVP 613:615 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 32 theme water 587:591 arg1 permeability 599:610 water vapor permeability 587:610 water vapor permeability (WVP) 587:616 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 1 33 theme tensile 174:180 arg1 strength 182:189 tensile strength 174:189 tensile strength 174:189 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 33 theme tensile 174:180 arg1 break 206:210 elongation at break 192:210 elongation at break 192:210 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 33 theme tensile 174:180 arg1 permeability 225:236 water-vapor permeability 213:236 water-vapor permeability 213:236 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 33 theme tensile 174:180 arg1 characteristics 247:261 optical characteristics 239:261 optical characteristics 239:261 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 0 34 theme essential 10:18 arg1 oil 20:22 essential oil 10:22 essential oil 10:22 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 1 35 theme antimicrobial 268:280 arg1 microstructure 148:161 the microstructure 144:161 the microstructure 144:161 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 35 theme antimicrobial 268:280 arg1 properties 282:291 physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties 164:291 physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film 164:466 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 0 36 theme starch 102:107 arg1 films 109:113 corn and wheat starch films 87:113 corn and wheat starch films 87:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 6 37 theme antimicrobial 1040:1052 arg1 activity 1054:1061 antimicrobial activity 1040:1061 antimicrobial activity 1040:1061 Compared with the CW-1LO film, the addition of surfactants significantly increased antimicrobial activity, solubility, haze, surface coarseness and porosity; remarkably decreased tensile strength and transparency. 28970166 7 38 theme b 1219:1219 arg1 * 1220:1220 higher b* 1212:1220 higher b* 1212:1220 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 0 39 theme surfactant 28:37 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 0:114 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 3 40 theme Higher 663:668 arg1 * 671:671 Higher b* 663:671 Higher b* 663:671 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 1 41 dep physical 164:171 arg1 strength 182:189 tensile strength 174:189 tensile strength 174:189 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 41 dep physical 164:171 arg1 break 206:210 elongation at break 192:210 elongation at break 192:210 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 41 dep physical 164:171 arg1 permeability 225:236 water-vapor permeability 213:236 water-vapor permeability 213:236 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 41 dep physical 164:171 arg1 characteristics 247:261 optical characteristics 239:261 optical characteristics 239:261 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 6 42 theme CW-1LO 975:980 arg1 film 982:985 the CW-1LO film 971:985 the CW-1LO film 971:985 Compared with the CW-1LO film, the addition of surfactants significantly increased antimicrobial activity, solubility, haze, surface coarseness and porosity; remarkably decreased tensile strength and transparency. 28970166 4 43 theme tested 825:830 arg1 bacteria 832:839 all tested bacteria 821:839 all tested bacteria 821:839 Films with LO, especially at higher concentrations, were more effective against all tested bacteria than the control films. 28970166 7 44 theme water 1223:1227 arg1 content 1229:1235 water content 1223:1235 water content 1223:1235 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 6 45 theme tensile 1136:1142 arg1 strength 1144:1151 tensile strength 1136:1151 tensile strength 1136:1151 Compared with the CW-1LO film, the addition of surfactants significantly increased antimicrobial activity, solubility, haze, surface coarseness and porosity; remarkably decreased tensile strength and transparency. 28970166 7 46 theme lower 1258:1262 arg1 WI 1264:1265 lower WI 1258:1265 lower WI 1258:1265 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 1 47 theme elongation 192:201 arg1 strength 182:189 tensile strength 174:189 tensile strength 174:189 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 47 theme elongation 192:201 arg1 break 206:210 elongation at break 192:210 elongation at break 192:210 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 48 theme biodegradable 296:308 arg1 films 310:314 biodegradable films 296:314 biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film 296:466 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 8 49 theme physical 1367:1374 arg1 characteristics 1394:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 8 50 theme CW-LO-T/S 1435:1443 arg1 film 1445:1448 CW-LO-T/S film 1435:1448 CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products 1435:1481 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 2 51 dep content 542:548 arg1 properties 651:660 properties 651:660 properties 651:660 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 1 52 theme films 310:314 arg1 microstructure 148:161 the microstructure 144:161 the microstructure 144:161 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 52 theme films 310:314 arg1 properties 282:291 physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties 164:291 physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film 164:466 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 53 theme surfactants 399:409 arg1 concentrations 352:365 different concentrations 342:365 different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) 342:429 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 3 54 located observed 706:713 arg2 values 694:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 3 54 located observed 706:713 arg1 films 734:738 CW-LO composite films 718:738 CW-LO composite films 718:738 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 8 55 theme food 1469:1472 arg1 products 1474:1481 food products 1469:1481 food products 1469:1481 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 3 56 theme elongation 674:683 arg1 values 694:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values 663:699 Higher b*, elongation and haze values were observed in CW-LO composite films. 28970166 5 57 theme LO 944:945 arg1 contents 947:954 the LO contents 940:954 the LO contents 940:954 The films' surface and cross-section morphology was different depending on the LO contents. 28970166 8 58 with properties 1341:1350 arg1 characteristics 1394:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 6 59 theme surfactants 1004:1014 arg1 addition 992:999 the addition 988:999 the addition of surfactants 988:1014 Compared with the CW-1LO film, the addition of surfactants significantly increased antimicrobial activity, solubility, haze, surface coarseness and porosity; remarkably decreased tensile strength and transparency. 28970166 1 60 theme at 203:204 arg1 strength 182:189 tensile strength 174:189 tensile strength 174:189 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 60 theme at 203:204 arg1 break 206:210 elongation at break 192:210 elongation at break 192:210 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 61 from break 206:210 arg1 at 203:204 elongation at break 192:210 elongation at break 192:210 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 61 from break 206:210 arg1 elongation 192:201 elongation at break 192:210 elongation at break 192:210 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 8 62 theme good 1362:1365 arg1 characteristics 1394:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics 1357:1408 These properties with some good physical and antimicrobial characteristics suggest applications for CW-LO-T/S film in a wide range of food products. 28970166 4 63 with Films 741:745 arg1 LO 752:753 LO 752:753 LO 752:753 Films with LO, especially at higher concentrations, were more effective against all tested bacteria than the control films. 28970166 5 64 theme cross-section 888:900 arg1 morphology 902:911 cross-section morphology 888:911 cross-section morphology 888:911 The films' surface and cross-section morphology was different depending on the LO contents. 28970166 7 65 theme higher 1212:1217 arg1 * 1220:1220 higher b* 1212:1220 higher b* 1212:1220 The film containing only Tween 80 showed higher b*, water content, solubility and WVP, lower WI and elongation when compared with the film containing only Span 80. 28970166 1 66 theme present 120:126 arg1 study 128:132 The present study 116:132 The present study 116:132 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 0 67 theme physical 46:53 arg1 properties 73:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties 42:82 the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films 42:113 Effect of essential oil and surfactant on the physical and antimicrobial properties of corn and wheat starch films. 28970166 4 68 from concentrations 777:790 arg1 Films 741:745 Films 741:745 Films 741:745 Films with LO, especially at higher concentrations, were more effective against all tested bacteria than the control films. 28970166 2 69 theme tensile 634:640 arg1 strength 642:649 tensile strength 634:649 tensile strength 634:649 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 content 542:548 water content 536:548 water content 536:548 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 strength 642:649 tensile strength 634:649 tensile strength 634:649 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 WI 582:583 WI 582:583 WI 582:583 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 WVP 613:615 WVP 613:615 WVP 613:615 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 transparency 551:562 transparency 551:562 transparency 551:562 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 solubility 619:628 solubility 619:628 solubility 619:628 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 index 575:579 whiteness index 565:579 whiteness index (WI) 565:584 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 2 70 from decrease 524:531 arg1 permeability 599:610 water vapor permeability 587:610 water vapor permeability (WVP) 587:616 Results showed that the incorporation of LO provoked a decrease in water content, transparency, whiteness index (WI), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength properties. 28970166 1 71 theme water-vapor 213:223 arg1 strength 182:189 tensile strength 174:189 tensile strength 174:189 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 28970166 1 71 theme water-vapor 213:223 arg1 permeability 225:236 water-vapor permeability 213:236 water-vapor permeability 213:236 The present study describes the microstructure, physical (tensile strength, elongation at break, water-vapor permeability, optical characteristics) and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of lemon essential oil (LO) and surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80) into corn and wheat (CW) starch film. 25997358 10 0 theme Bacilli 1692:1698 arg1 members 1659:1665 members 1659:1665 members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli 1659:1698 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 9 1 theme fermentable 1433:1443 arg1 cellulose 1445:1453 the more slowly fermentable cellulose 1417:1453 the more slowly fermentable cellulose 1417:1453 For the more slowly fermentable cellulose, all measured fermentation parameters were consistently higher (P<0.05) for animals in the HL-treatment. 25997358 3 2 theme microbial 529:537 arg1 composition 539:549 a stable microbial composition 520:549 a stable microbial composition 520:549 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 13 3 theme fermentable 2300:2310 arg1 substrates 2312:2321 slowly fermentable substrates 2293:2321 slowly fermentable substrates 2293:2321 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 3 4 theme pigs 506:509 arg1 inocula 495:501 faecal inocula 488:501 faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production 488:603 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 2 5 dep in 290:291 arg1 vitro 293:297 vitro 293:297 vitro 293:297 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. 25997358 7 6 theme phylogenetic 1191:1202 arg1 microarray 1204:1213 a phylogenetic microarray 1189:1213 a phylogenetic microarray targeting the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1189:1265 In addition, inocula were characterised using a phylogenetic microarray targeting the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota. 25997358 4 7 theme multiparous 615:625 arg1 sows 627:630 Eighteen multiparous sows 606:630 Eighteen multiparous sows 606:630 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 2 8 theme faecal 259:264 arg1 inocula 266:272 The faecal inocula 255:272 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure 255:322 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. 25997358 7 9 theme gastrointestinal 1233:1248 arg1 microbiota 1256:1265 the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1225:1265 the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1225:1265 In addition, inocula were characterised using a phylogenetic microarray targeting the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota. 25997358 9 10 theme measured 1460:1467 arg1 parameters 1482:1491 all measured fermentation parameters 1456:1491 all measured fermentation parameters 1456:1491 For the more slowly fermentable cellulose, all measured fermentation parameters were consistently higher (P<0.05) for animals in the HL-treatment. 25997358 3 11 theme stable 522:527 arg1 composition 539:549 a stable microbial composition 520:549 a stable microbial composition 520:549 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 11 12 theme faecal 1890:1895 arg1 microbiota 1897:1906 the faecal microbiota 1886:1906 the faecal microbiota 1886:1906 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 6 13 dep substrates 1089:1098 arg1 oligofructose 1101:1113 oligofructose 1101:1113 three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose 1059:1113 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 11 14 theme sows 1838:1841 arg1 diet 1830:1833 the diet 1826:1833 the diet of sows 1826:1841 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 13 15 theme ingestion 2182:2190 arg1 result 2172:2177 a result 2170:2177 a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets 2170:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 8 16 dep substrates 1370:1379 arg1 pectin 1387:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 16 dep substrates 1370:1379 arg1 oligofructose 1398:1410 oligofructose 1398:1410 oligofructose 1398:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 16 dep substrates 1370:1379 arg1 substrates 1370:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates 1342:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose 1342:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 17 contain had 1291:1293 arg1 Time 1268:1271 Time 1268:1271 Time after diet change 1268:1289 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 17 contain had 1291:1293 arg2 P<0.05 1306:1311 P<0.05 1306:1311 P<0.05 1306:1311 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 17 contain had 1291:1293 arg2 effect 1298:1303 an effect 1295:1303 an effect (P<0.05) 1295:1312 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 4 18 from fibre 730:734 arg1 low 723:725 low 723:725 low 723:725 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 1 19 theme intestinal 199:208 arg1 microbiota 210:219 intestinal microbiota 199:219 intestinal microbiota 199:219 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 4 20 theme treatments 660:669 arg1 one 649:651 one 649:651 one 649:651 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 20 theme treatments 660:669 arg1 treatments 660:669 two treatments 656:669 two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L) 656:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 20 theme treatments 660:669 arg1 diet 690:693 a diet 688:693 a diet high in fibre (H) 688:711 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 20 theme treatments 660:669 arg1 diet 718:721 a diet 716:721 a diet low in fibre (L) 716:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 6 21 theme fermentable 1077:1087 arg1 cellulose 1132:1140 cellulose 1132:1140 cellulose 1132:1140 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 21 theme fermentable 1077:1087 arg1 pectin 1121:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 21 theme fermentable 1077:1087 arg1 substrates 1089:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates 1059:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose 1059:1113 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 4 22 from low 723:725 arg1 L 737:737 L 737:737 L 737:737 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 22 from low 723:725 arg1 fibre 730:734 fibre 730:734 fibre 730:734 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 1 23 theme In 112:113 arg1 studies 136:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 3 24 theme in 581:582 arg1 production 594:603 in vitro gas production 581:603 in vitro gas production 581:603 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 1 25 theme gas 121:123 arg1 studies 136:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 9 26 dep higher 1511:1516 arg1 P<0.05 1519:1524 P<0.05 1519:1524 P<0.05 1519:1524 For the more slowly fermentable cellulose, all measured fermentation parameters were consistently higher (P<0.05) for animals in the HL-treatment. 25997358 10 27 theme relative 1603:1610 arg1 abundance 1612:1620 relative abundance 1603:1620 relative abundance 1603:1620 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 12 28 theme fast 2050:2053 arg1 substrates 2067:2076 fast fermentable substrates 2050:2076 fast fermentable substrates 2050:2076 Adaptation of the microbiota as assessed by gas production occurred faster for LH-animals for fast fermentable substrates compared with HL-animals. 25997358 5 29 from fibre 886:890 arg1 high 878:881 high 878:881 high 878:881 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 0 30 from Adaptation 0:9 arg1 sows 35:38 sows 35:38 sows after diet 35:49 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity. 25997358 12 31 theme gas 2000:2002 arg1 production 2004:2013 gas production 2000:2013 gas production 2000:2013 Adaptation of the microbiota as assessed by gas production occurred faster for LH-animals for fast fermentable substrates compared with HL-animals. 25997358 0 32 theme in 80:81 arg1 capacity 102:109 in vitro fermentation capacity 80:109 in vitro fermentation capacity 80:109 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity. 25997358 13 33 theme high 2203:2206 arg1 diets 2214:2218 low and high fibre diets 2195:2218 low and high fibre diets 2195:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 2 34 theme certain 374:380 arg1 diet 382:385 a certain diet 372:385 a certain diet 372:385 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. 25997358 0 35 theme fermentation 89:100 arg1 capacity 102:109 in vitro fermentation capacity 80:109 in vitro fermentation capacity 80:109 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity. 25997358 0 36 dep in 80:81 arg1 vitro 83:87 vitro 83:87 vitro 83:87 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity. 25997358 6 37 theme Faecal 908:913 arg1 inoculum 1025:1032 inoculum 1025:1032 inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose 1025:1140 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 37 theme Faecal 908:913 arg1 samples 915:921 Faecal samples 908:921 Faecal samples 908:921 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 11 38 theme microbiota 1934:1943 arg1 composition 1915:1925 composition 1915:1925 composition of the microbiota over time 1915:1953 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 12 39 theme microbiota 1974:1983 arg1 Adaptation 1956:1965 Adaptation 1956:1965 Adaptation of the microbiota as assessed by gas production 1956:2013 Adaptation of the microbiota as assessed by gas production occurred faster for LH-animals for fast fermentable substrates compared with HL-animals. 25997358 5 40 theme fibre 806:810 arg1 diet 812:815 the low fibre diet 798:815 the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) 798:830 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 5 40 theme fibre 806:810 arg1 HL-treatment 818:829 HL-treatment 818:829 HL-treatment 818:829 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 8 41 theme total 1317:1321 arg1 production 1327:1336 total gas production 1317:1336 total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose 1317:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 0 42 theme faecal 14:19 arg1 microbiota 21:30 faecal microbiota 14:30 faecal microbiota 14:30 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity. 25997358 13 43 theme low 2195:2197 arg1 diets 2214:2218 low and high fibre diets 2195:2218 low and high fibre diets 2195:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 4 44 theme low 723:725 arg1 treatments 660:669 two treatments 656:669 two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L) 656:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 44 theme low 723:725 arg1 diet 718:721 a diet 716:721 a diet low in fibre (L) 716:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 10 45 theme bacteria 1634:1641 arg1 abundance 1612:1620 relative abundance 1603:1620 relative abundance 1603:1620 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 5 46 theme high 878:881 arg1 diet 873:876 the diet 869:876 the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment) 869:905 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 8 47 theme fermentable 1358:1368 arg1 pectin 1387:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 47 theme fermentable 1358:1368 arg1 oligofructose 1398:1410 oligofructose 1398:1410 oligofructose 1398:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 47 theme fermentable 1358:1368 arg1 substrates 1370:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates 1342:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose 1342:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 1 48 theme microbiota 210:219 arg1 capacity 187:194 the metabolic capacity 173:194 the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources 173:252 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 9 49 from animals 1531:1537 arg1 HL-treatment 1546:1557 the HL-treatment 1542:1557 the HL-treatment 1542:1557 For the more slowly fermentable cellulose, all measured fermentation parameters were consistently higher (P<0.05) for animals in the HL-treatment. 25997358 13 50 theme intestinal 2137:2146 arg1 microbiota 2148:2157 the large intestinal microbiota 2127:2157 the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets 2127:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 6 51 with incubation 1043:1052 arg1 cellulose 1132:1140 cellulose 1132:1140 cellulose 1132:1140 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 51 with incubation 1043:1052 arg1 pectin 1121:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 51 with incubation 1043:1052 arg1 substrates 1089:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates 1059:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose 1059:1113 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 1 52 theme fibre 240:244 arg1 sources 246:252 dietary fibre sources 232:252 dietary fibre sources 232:252 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 11 53 theme microbiota 1897:1906 arg1 activity 1874:1881 fermentation activity 1861:1881 fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota 1861:1906 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 3 54 theme gas 590:592 arg1 production 594:603 in vitro gas production 581:603 in vitro gas production 581:603 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 7 55 theme tract 1250:1254 arg1 microbiota 1256:1265 the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1225:1265 the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1225:1265 In addition, inocula were characterised using a phylogenetic microarray targeting the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota. 25997358 5 56 dep fibre 886:890 arg1 LH-treatment 893:904 LH-treatment 893:904 LH-treatment 893:904 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 3 57 theme faecal 488:493 arg1 inocula 495:501 faecal inocula 488:501 faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production 488:603 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 7 58 theme pig 1229:1231 arg1 microbiota 1256:1265 the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1225:1265 the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota 1225:1265 In addition, inocula were characterised using a phylogenetic microarray targeting the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota. 25997358 2 59 theme gas 299:301 arg1 procedure 314:322 the in vitro gas production procedure 286:322 the in vitro gas production procedure 286:322 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. 25997358 5 60 theme 3-week 752:757 arg1 period 759:764 this 3-week period 747:764 this 3-week period 747:764 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 9 61 theme fermentation 1469:1480 arg1 parameters 1482:1491 all measured fermentation parameters 1456:1491 all measured fermentation parameters 1456:1491 For the more slowly fermentable cellulose, all measured fermentation parameters were consistently higher (P<0.05) for animals in the HL-treatment. 25997358 6 62 theme soya 1116:1119 arg1 pectin 1121:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 62 theme soya 1116:1119 arg1 substrates 1089:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates 1059:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose 1059:1113 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 2 63 theme in 290:291 arg1 procedure 314:322 the in vitro gas production procedure 286:322 the in vitro gas production procedure 286:322 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. 25997358 5 64 from high 878:881 arg1 fibre 886:890 fibre 886:890 fibre 886:890 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 1 65 theme metabolic 177:185 arg1 capacity 187:194 the metabolic capacity 173:194 the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources 173:252 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 6 66 theme diet 997:1000 arg1 change 1002:1007 the diet change 993:1007 the diet change 993:1007 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 10 67 theme significant 1580:1590 arg1 changes 1592:1598 significant changes 1580:1598 significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment 1580:1764 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 11 68 theme fermentation 1861:1872 arg1 activity 1874:1881 fermentation activity 1861:1881 fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota 1861:1906 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 6 69 theme contrasting 1065:1075 arg1 cellulose 1132:1140 cellulose 1132:1140 cellulose 1132:1140 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 69 theme contrasting 1065:1075 arg1 pectin 1121:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 soya pectin 1116:1126 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 6 69 theme contrasting 1065:1075 arg1 substrates 1089:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates 1059:1098 three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose 1059:1113 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 13 70 theme large 2131:2135 arg1 microbiota 2148:2157 the large intestinal microbiota 2127:2157 the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets 2127:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 10 71 theme specific 1625:1632 arg1 bacteria 1634:1641 specific bacteria 1625:1641 specific bacteria 1625:1641 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 10 72 theme Diet 1560:1563 arg1 changes 1565:1571 Diet changes 1560:1571 Diet changes 1560:1571 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 8 73 theme diet 1279:1282 arg1 change 1284:1289 diet change 1279:1289 diet change 1279:1289 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 11 74 from changes 1850:1856 arg1 activity 1874:1881 fermentation activity 1861:1881 fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota 1861:1906 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 11 74 from changes 1850:1856 arg1 composition 1915:1925 composition 1915:1925 composition of the microbiota over time 1915:1953 Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. 25997358 1 75 theme production 125:134 arg1 studies 136:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 12 76 theme fermentable 2055:2065 arg1 substrates 2067:2076 fast fermentable substrates 2050:2076 fast fermentable substrates 2050:2076 Adaptation of the microbiota as assessed by gas production occurred faster for LH-animals for fast fermentable substrates compared with HL-animals. 25997358 1 77 used used 158:161 arg2 studies 136:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies 112:142 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 5 78 theme H 771:771 arg1 group 773:777 the H group 767:777 the H group 767:777 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 6 79 from days 982:985 arg1 sow 948:950 each sow 943:950 each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change 943:1007 Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. 25997358 4 80 from fibre 703:707 arg1 high 695:698 high 695:698 high 695:698 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 81 theme high 695:698 arg1 treatments 660:669 two treatments 656:669 two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L) 656:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 81 theme high 695:698 arg1 diet 690:693 a diet 688:693 a diet high in fibre (H) 688:711 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 3 82 theme adaptation 448:457 arg1 days 440:443 19 days 437:443 19 days of adaptation to a diet 437:467 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 4 83 from high 695:698 arg1 H 710:710 H 710:710 H 710:710 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 83 from high 695:698 arg1 fibre 703:707 fibre 703:707 fibre 703:707 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 13 84 theme fibre 2208:2212 arg1 diets 2214:2218 low and high fibre diets 2195:2218 low and high fibre diets 2195:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 1 85 dep In 112:113 arg1 vitro 115:119 vitro 115:119 vitro 115:119 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25997358 5 86 theme low 802:804 arg1 diet 812:815 the low fibre diet 798:815 the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) 798:830 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 5 86 theme low 802:804 arg1 HL-treatment 818:829 HL-treatment 818:829 HL-treatment 818:829 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 10 87 from changes 1592:1598 arg1 abundance 1612:1620 relative abundance 1603:1620 relative abundance 1603:1620 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 8 88 theme gas 1323:1325 arg1 production 1327:1336 total gas production 1317:1336 total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose 1317:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 0 89 theme microbiota 21:30 arg1 Adaptation 0:9 Adaptation 0:9 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet 0:49 Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity. 25997358 4 90 dep treatments 660:669 arg1 treatments 660:669 two treatments 656:669 two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L) 656:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 90 dep treatments 660:669 arg1 diet 690:693 a diet 688:693 a diet high in fibre (H) 688:711 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 4 90 dep treatments 660:669 arg1 diet 718:721 a diet 716:721 a diet low in fibre (L) 716:738 Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). 25997358 13 91 theme sows 2162:2165 arg1 microbiota 2148:2157 the large intestinal microbiota 2127:2157 the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets 2127:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 3 92 theme present 392:398 arg1 study 400:404 The present study 388:404 The present study 388:404 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 8 93 theme medium-fast 1346:1356 arg1 pectin 1387:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 93 theme medium-fast 1346:1356 arg1 oligofructose 1398:1410 oligofructose 1398:1410 oligofructose 1398:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 93 theme medium-fast 1346:1356 arg1 substrates 1370:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates 1342:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose 1342:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 10 94 theme Bacteroidetes 1674:1686 arg1 members 1659:1665 members 1659:1665 members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli 1659:1698 Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. 25997358 5 95 theme L 842:842 arg1 group 844:848 the L group 838:848 the L group 838:848 After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). 25997358 8 96 theme soya 1382:1385 arg1 pectin 1387:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 soya pectin 1382:1392 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 8 96 theme soya 1382:1385 arg1 substrates 1370:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates 1342:1379 the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose 1342:1410 Time after diet change had an effect (P<0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. 25997358 13 97 theme diets 2214:2218 arg1 ingestion 2182:2190 ingestion 2182:2190 ingestion of low and high fibre diets 2182:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 2 98 theme production 303:312 arg1 procedure 314:322 the in vitro gas production procedure 286:322 the in vitro gas production procedure 286:322 The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. 25997358 3 99 dep in 581:582 arg1 vitro 584:588 vitro 584:588 vitro 584:588 The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. 25997358 13 100 theme microbiota 2148:2157 arg1 adaptation 2113:2122 adaptation 2113:2122 adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets 2113:2218 Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates. 25997358 1 101 theme dietary 232:238 arg1 sources 246:252 dietary fibre sources 232:252 dietary fibre sources 232:252 In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. 25028890 5 0 theme image-based 712:722 arg1 assessment 734:743 image-based cartilage assessment 712:743 image-based cartilage assessment 712:743 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 11 1 theme decreased 1689:1697 arg1 diffusivity 1699:1709 decreased diffusivity 1689:1709 decreased diffusivity 1689:1709 Although decreased diffusivity was significantly correlated with increasing glycosaminoglycan content for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA only, diffusivity significantly increased for all contrast agents by increasing fluid fraction. 25028890 5 2 theme nonequilibrium 588:601 arg1 diffusion 603:611 nonequilibrium diffusion 588:611 nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions 588:674 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 6 3 theme due 858:860 arg1 compression 846:856 tissue compression 839:856 tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content 839:953 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 12 4 theme focal 2160:2164 arg1 injuries 2166:2173 focal injuries 2160:2173 focal injuries 2160:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 2 5 theme Early 214:218 arg1 diagnosis 220:228 Early diagnosis 214:228 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage 214:265 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage is therefore essential. 25028890 3 6 theme agent-based 300:310 arg1 tomography 321:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography 291:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography 291:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide promising tools for this purpose. 25028890 5 7 theme diffusion 603:611 arg1 Characterization 568:583 Characterization 568:583 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions 568:674 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 1 8 theme limited 105:111 arg1 capacity 113:120 a limited capacity 103:120 a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage 103:153 Cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage can eventually lead to complete degradation of the tissue. 25028890 4 9 from assumption 425:434 arg1 applications 448:459 clinical applications 439:459 clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue 439:531 However, the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue has been of questionable validity. 25028890 9 10 theme contrast 1364:1371 arg1 agents 1373:1378 contrast agents 1364:1378 contrast agents 1364:1378 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 2 11 theme changes 246:252 arg1 diagnosis 220:228 Early diagnosis 214:228 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage 214:265 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage is therefore essential. 25028890 12 12 from composition 2132:2142 arg1 assessment 2094:2103 more accurate image-based assessment 2068:2103 more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2068:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 3 13 theme magnetic 336:343 arg1 imaging 355:361 magnetic resonance imaging 336:361 magnetic resonance imaging 336:361 Contrast agent-based computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide promising tools for this purpose. 25028890 4 14 theme clinical 439:446 arg1 applications 448:459 clinical applications 439:459 clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue 439:531 However, the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue has been of questionable validity. 25028890 1 15 dep Cartilage 89:97 arg1 has 99:101 has 99:101 has a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage 99:153 Cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage can eventually lead to complete degradation of the tissue. 25028890 0 16 theme articular 43:51 arg1 cartilage 53:61 articular cartilage 43:61 articular cartilage 43:61 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 7 17 theme sodium 1061:1066 arg1 agents 1053:1058 three common contrast agents 1031:1058 three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1031:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 17 theme sodium 1061:1066 arg1 iodide 1068:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 18 theme agents 1053:1058 arg1 diffusion 1018:1026 diffusion 1018:1026 diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1018:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 8 19 from decreases 1222:1230 arg1 diffusivities 1235:1247 diffusivities 1235:1247 diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA 1235:1277 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 3 20 theme promising 371:379 arg1 tools 381:385 promising tools 371:385 promising tools for this purpose 371:402 Contrast agent-based computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide promising tools for this purpose. 25028890 0 21 from Diffusion 0:8 arg1 cartilage 53:61 articular cartilage 43:61 articular cartilage 43:61 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 5 22 theme distributions 662:674 arg1 diffusion 603:611 nonequilibrium diffusion 588:611 nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions 588:674 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 4 23 theme steady-state 488:499 arg1 distributions 501:513 steady-state distributions 488:513 steady-state distributions 488:513 However, the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue has been of questionable validity. 25028890 12 24 theme image-based 2082:2092 arg1 assessment 2094:2103 more accurate image-based assessment 2068:2103 more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2068:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 5 25 theme contrast 616:623 arg1 agents 625:630 contrast agents 616:630 contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions 616:674 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 2 26 from diagnosis 220:228 arg1 cartilage 257:265 cartilage 257:265 cartilage 257:265 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage is therefore essential. 25028890 7 27 theme common 1037:1042 arg1 diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1111:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1100:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1100:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 27 theme common 1037:1042 arg1 agents 1053:1058 three common contrast agents 1031:1058 three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1031:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 27 theme common 1037:1042 arg1 iodide 1068:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 27 theme common 1037:1042 arg1 diatrizoate 1083:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 28 from effects 985:991 arg1 diffusion 1018:1026 diffusion 1018:1026 diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1018:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 6 29 theme agent 768:772 arg1 Transport 746:754 Transport 746:754 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage 746:818 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 9 30 theme sodium 1431:1436 arg1 one 1419:1421 one 1419:1421 one 1419:1421 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 9 30 theme sodium 1431:1436 arg1 iodide 1438:1443 sodium iodide 1431:1443 sodium iodide 1431:1443 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 0 31 theme MRI 13:15 arg1 Diffusion 0:8 Diffusion 0:8 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 0:87 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 8 32 theme static 1171:1176 arg1 compression 1178:1188 static compression 1171:1188 static compression 1171:1188 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 11 33 theme fluid 1892:1896 arg1 fraction 1898:1905 fluid fraction 1892:1905 fluid fraction 1892:1905 Although decreased diffusivity was significantly correlated with increasing glycosaminoglycan content for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA only, diffusivity significantly increased for all contrast agents by increasing fluid fraction. 25028890 0 34 theme CT 21:22 arg1 agents 33:38 CT contrast agents 21:38 CT contrast agents 21:38 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 9 35 theme higher 1453:1458 arg1 diffusivity 1460:1470 higher diffusivity 1453:1470 higher diffusivity 1453:1470 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 6 36 theme fluid 941:945 arg1 content 947:953 fluid content 941:953 fluid content 941:953 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 12 37 theme resonance 2012:2020 arg1 imaging 2022:2028 magnetic resonance imaging 2003:2028 magnetic resonance imaging 2003:2028 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 4 38 theme questionable 545:556 arg1 validity 558:565 questionable validity 545:565 questionable validity 545:565 However, the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue has been of questionable validity. 25028890 0 39 theme agents 33:38 arg1 Diffusion 0:8 Diffusion 0:8 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 0:87 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 12 40 theme present 2031:2037 arg1 findings 2039:2046 present findings 2031:2046 present findings 2031:2046 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 10 41 theme contrast 1650:1657 arg1 diffusivities 1665:1677 contrast agent diffusivities 1650:1677 contrast agent diffusivities 1650:1677 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 11 42 theme glycosaminoglycan 1756:1772 arg1 content 1774:1780 glycosaminoglycan content 1756:1780 glycosaminoglycan content for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA only 1756:1815 Although decreased diffusivity was significantly correlated with increasing glycosaminoglycan content for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA only, diffusivity significantly increased for all contrast agents by increasing fluid fraction. 25028890 7 43 theme compression 1003:1013 arg1 effects 985:991 the effects 981:991 the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 981:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 1 44 theme tissue 206:211 arg1 degradation 187:197 complete degradation 178:197 complete degradation of the tissue 178:211 Cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage can eventually lead to complete degradation of the tissue. 25028890 6 45 theme reduced 919:925 arg1 size 932:935 reduced pore size 919:935 reduced pore size 919:935 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 12 46 theme computed 1979:1986 arg1 tomography 1988:1997 computed tomography 1979:1997 computed tomography 1979:1997 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 6 47 theme cartilage 810:818 arg1 matrix 800:805 the extracellular matrix 782:805 the extracellular matrix of cartilage 782:818 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 8 48 theme sodium 1253:1258 arg1 iodide 1260:1265 sodium iodide 1253:1265 sodium iodide 1253:1265 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 5 49 theme cartilage 724:732 arg1 assessment 734:743 image-based cartilage assessment 712:743 image-based cartilage assessment 712:743 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 6 50 theme compositional 887:899 arg1 changes 901:907 matrix structural and compositional changes 865:907 changes 901:907 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 4 51 theme common 418:423 arg1 assumption 425:434 the common assumption 414:434 the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue 414:531 However, the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue has been of questionable validity. 25028890 11 52 theme contrast 1862:1869 arg1 agents 1871:1876 all contrast agents 1858:1876 all contrast agents 1858:1876 Although decreased diffusivity was significantly correlated with increasing glycosaminoglycan content for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA only, diffusivity significantly increased for all contrast agents by increasing fluid fraction. 25028890 12 53 used used 1970:1973 arg2 compounds 1916:1924 compounds 1916:1924 compounds based on iodine and gadolinium 1916:1955 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 8 54 theme sodium 1326:1331 arg1 diatrizoate 1333:1343 sodium diatrizoate 1326:1343 sodium diatrizoate 1326:1343 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 10 55 theme matrix 1542:1547 arg1 contents 1597:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 10 55 theme matrix 1542:1547 arg1 alterations 1549:1559 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations 1509:1559 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1509:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 8 56 theme similar 1285:1291 arg1 trends 1315:1320 similar (but not significant) trends 1285:1320 similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate 1285:1343 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 10 57 theme cartilage 1532:1540 arg1 contents 1597:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 10 57 theme cartilage 1532:1540 arg1 alterations 1549:1559 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations 1509:1559 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1509:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 10 58 theme Compression-associated 1509:1530 arg1 contents 1597:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 10 58 theme Compression-associated 1509:1530 arg1 alterations 1549:1559 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations 1509:1559 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1509:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 1 59 theme complete 178:185 arg1 degradation 187:197 complete degradation 178:197 complete degradation of the tissue 178:211 Cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage can eventually lead to complete degradation of the tissue. 25028890 4 60 theme contrast 466:473 arg1 agents 475:480 contrast agents 466:480 contrast agents 466:480 However, the common assumption in clinical applications that contrast agents reach steady-state distributions within the tissue has been of questionable validity. 25028890 8 61 theme significant 1302:1312 arg1 trends 1315:1320 similar (but not significant) trends 1285:1320 similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate 1285:1343 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 9 62 theme Molecular 1346:1354 arg1 mass 1356:1359 Molecular mass 1346:1359 Molecular mass of contrast agents 1346:1378 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 7 63 theme gadolinium 1100:1109 arg1 Gd-DTPA 1141:1147 Gd-DTPA 1141:1147 Gd-DTPA 1141:1147 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 63 theme gadolinium 1100:1109 arg1 diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1111:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1100:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1100:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 63 theme gadolinium 1100:1109 arg1 agents 1053:1058 three common contrast agents 1031:1058 three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1031:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 3 64 theme computed 312:319 arg1 tomography 321:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography 291:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography 291:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide promising tools for this purpose. 25028890 2 65 from cartilage 257:265 arg1 diagnosis 220:228 Early diagnosis 214:228 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage 214:265 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage is therefore essential. 25028890 3 66 theme Contrast 291:298 arg1 tomography 321:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography 291:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography 291:330 Contrast agent-based computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide promising tools for this purpose. 25028890 7 67 dep agents 1053:1058 arg1 Gd-DTPA 1141:1147 Gd-DTPA 1141:1147 Gd-DTPA 1141:1147 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 67 dep agents 1053:1058 arg1 diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1111:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1100:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1100:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 67 dep agents 1053:1058 arg1 agents 1053:1058 three common contrast agents 1031:1058 three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1031:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 67 dep agents 1053:1058 arg1 iodide 1068:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 67 dep agents 1053:1058 arg1 diatrizoate 1083:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 9 68 theme agents 1373:1378 arg1 mass 1356:1359 Molecular mass 1346:1359 Molecular mass of contrast agents 1346:1378 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 2 69 theme degenerative 233:244 arg1 changes 246:252 degenerative changes 233:252 degenerative changes in cartilage 233:265 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage is therefore essential. 25028890 7 70 theme sodium 1076:1081 arg1 agents 1053:1058 three common contrast agents 1031:1058 three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1031:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 70 theme sodium 1076:1081 arg1 diatrizoate 1083:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 10 71 from variations 1636:1645 arg1 diffusivities 1665:1677 contrast agent diffusivities 1650:1677 contrast agent diffusivities 1650:1677 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 3 72 theme resonance 345:353 arg1 imaging 355:361 magnetic resonance imaging 336:361 magnetic resonance imaging 336:361 Contrast agent-based computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide promising tools for this purpose. 25028890 0 73 theme static 69:74 arg1 compression 76:86 static compression 69:86 static compression 69:86 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 12 74 theme cartilage 2122:2130 arg1 composition 2132:2142 cartilage composition 2122:2142 cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2122:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 1 75 theme focal 142:146 arg1 damage 148:153 focal damage 142:153 focal damage 142:153 Cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair and focal damage can eventually lead to complete degradation of the tissue. 25028890 12 76 from variations 2108:2117 arg1 composition 2132:2142 cartilage composition 2122:2142 cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2122:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 10 77 theme glycosaminoglycan 1569:1585 arg1 contents 1597:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 5 78 theme equilibrium 650:660 arg1 distributions 662:674 their equilibrium distributions 644:674 contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions 616:674 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 12 79 from assessment 2094:2103 arg1 composition 2132:2142 cartilage composition 2122:2142 cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2122:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 6 80 theme extracellular 786:798 arg1 matrix 800:805 the extracellular matrix 782:805 the extracellular matrix of cartilage 782:818 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 7 81 theme contrast 1044:1051 arg1 diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1111:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid 1100:1138 gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1100:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 81 theme contrast 1044:1051 arg1 agents 1053:1058 three common contrast agents 1031:1058 three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA) 1031:1148 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 81 theme contrast 1044:1051 arg1 iodide 1068:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 sodium iodide 1061:1073 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 7 81 theme contrast 1044:1051 arg1 diatrizoate 1083:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 sodium diatrizoate 1076:1093 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 12 82 theme variations 2108:2117 arg1 assessment 2094:2103 more accurate image-based assessment 2068:2103 more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2068:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 5 83 theme agents 625:630 arg1 diffusion 603:611 nonequilibrium diffusion 588:611 nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions 588:674 Characterization of nonequilibrium diffusion of contrast agents rather than their equilibrium distributions may therefore be more effective for image-based cartilage assessment. 25028890 10 84 theme fluid 1591:1595 arg1 contents 1597:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents 1569:1604 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 6 85 theme contrast 759:766 arg1 agent 768:772 contrast agent 759:772 contrast agent 759:772 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 0 86 theme contrast 24:31 arg1 agents 33:38 CT contrast agents 21:38 CT contrast agents 21:38 Diffusion of MRI and CT contrast agents in articular cartilage under static compression. 25028890 12 87 theme accurate 2073:2080 arg1 assessment 2094:2103 more accurate image-based assessment 2068:2103 more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries 2068:2173 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 2 88 from changes 246:252 arg1 cartilage 257:265 cartilage 257:265 cartilage 257:265 Early diagnosis of degenerative changes in cartilage is therefore essential. 25028890 6 89 theme tissue 839:844 arg1 compression 846:856 tissue compression 839:856 tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content 839:953 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 8 90 theme significant 1210:1220 arg1 decreases 1222:1230 significant decreases 1210:1230 significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA 1210:1277 Results showed that static compression was associated with significant decreases in diffusivities for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA, with similar (but not significant) trends for sodium diatrizoate. 25028890 12 91 theme magnetic 2003:2010 arg1 resonance 2012:2020 magnetic resonance 2003:2020 magnetic resonance imaging 2003:2028 Because compounds based on iodine and gadolinium are commonly used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, present findings can be valuable for more accurate image-based assessment of variations in cartilage composition associated with focal injuries. 25028890 10 92 theme agent 1659:1663 arg1 diffusivities 1665:1677 contrast agent diffusivities 1650:1677 contrast agent diffusivities 1650:1677 Compression-associated cartilage matrix alterations such as glycosaminoglycan and fluid contents were found to correspond with variations in contrast agent diffusivities. 25028890 7 93 theme static 996:1001 arg1 compression 1003:1013 static compression 996:1013 static compression 996:1013 We therefore investigate the effects of static compression on diffusion of three common contrast agents: sodium iodide, sodium diatrizoate, and gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacid (Gd-DTPA). 25028890 9 94 theme sodium 1477:1482 arg1 diatrizoate 1484:1494 sodium diatrizoate 1477:1494 sodium diatrizoate 1477:1494 Molecular mass of contrast agents affected diffusivities as the smallest one tested, sodium iodide, showed higher diffusivity than sodium diatrizoate and Gd-DTPA. 25028890 6 95 theme pore 927:930 arg1 size 932:935 reduced pore size 919:935 reduced pore size 919:935 Transport of contrast agent through the extracellular matrix of cartilage can be affected by tissue compression due to matrix structural and compositional changes including reduced pore size and fluid content. 25028890 11 96 theme sodium 1786:1791 arg1 iodide 1793:1798 sodium iodide 1786:1798 sodium iodide 1786:1798 Although decreased diffusivity was significantly correlated with increasing glycosaminoglycan content for sodium iodide and Gd-DTPA only, diffusivity significantly increased for all contrast agents by increasing fluid fraction. 25943094 0 0 theme BMP-2 99:103 arg1 Release 88:94 the Controlled Release 73:94 the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 73:114 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 1 1 theme TGF-β1 270:275 arg1 peptides 294:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 3 2 theme regeneration 773:784 arg1 therapies 786:794 musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 757:794 musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 757:794 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 1 3 theme affinity 277:284 arg1 peptides 294:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 0 4 theme TGF-β1 109:114 arg1 Release 88:94 the Controlled Release 73:94 the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 73:114 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 1 5 attach released 134:141 arg2 BMP-2 117:121 BMP-2 117:121 BMP-2 117:121 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 1 5 attach released 134:141 arg1 hydrogels 176:184 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels 148:184 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels 148:184 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 2 6 theme branched 320:327 arg1 macromolecules 329:342 The synthesized branched macromolecules 304:342 The synthesized branched macromolecules 304:342 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 1 7 theme binding 286:292 arg1 peptides 294:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 2 8 theme macromolecules 570:583 arg1 presence 529:536 the presence 525:536 the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 525:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 2 9 theme synthesized 308:318 arg1 macromolecules 329:342 The synthesized branched macromolecules 304:342 The synthesized branched macromolecules 304:342 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 2 10 theme peptide 562:568 arg1 macromolecules 570:583 the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 541:583 the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 541:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 2 11 theme binding 554:560 arg1 macromolecules 570:583 the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 541:583 the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 541:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 0 12 theme Hyaluronan 11:20 arg1 Hydrogels 22:30 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels 0:30 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers 0:62 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 2 13 theme gelling 352:358 arg1 compositions 360:371 the gelling compositions 348:371 the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 348:424 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 0 14 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 Hydrogels 22:30 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels 0:30 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers 0:62 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 3 15 theme binding 635:641 arg1 dendrimers 666:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 2 16 theme lower 488:492 arg1 amount 494:499 a significantly lower amount 472:499 a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 472:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 2 16 theme lower 488:492 arg1 proteins 504:511 proteins 504:511 proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 504:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 3 17 theme functionalized 651:664 arg1 dendrimers 666:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 3 18 theme growth 728:733 arg1 factors 735:741 growth factors 728:741 growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 728:794 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 3 19 theme dendrimers 666:675 arg1 potential 613:621 the potential 609:621 the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 609:794 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 0 20 theme Peptide-Binding 37:51 arg1 Dendrimers 53:62 Peptide-Binding Dendrimers 37:62 Peptide-Binding Dendrimers 37:62 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 1 21 dep presence 205:212 arg1 the 201:203 the 201:203 the 201:203 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 1 22 theme branched 229:236 arg1 macromolecules 238:251 branched macromolecules 229:251 branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 229:301 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 3 23 dep delivery 699:706 arg1 the 689:691 the 689:691 the 689:691 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 3 24 theme peptide 643:649 arg1 dendrimers 666:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 0 25 with Hydrogels 22:30 arg1 Dendrimers 53:62 Peptide-Binding Dendrimers 37:62 Peptide-Binding Dendrimers 37:62 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 2 26 theme proteins 504:511 arg1 amount 494:499 a significantly lower amount 472:499 a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 472:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 2 26 theme proteins 504:511 arg1 proteins 504:511 proteins 504:511 proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 504:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 3 27 theme musculoskeletal 757:771 arg1 therapies 786:794 musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 757:794 musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 757:794 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 3 28 theme affinity 626:633 arg1 dendrimers 666:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers 626:675 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 2 29 with loading 390:396 arg1 TGF-β1 419:424 TGF-β1 419:424 TGF-β1 419:424 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 2 29 with loading 390:396 arg1 BMP-2 410:414 BMP-2 410:414 BMP-2 410:414 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 3 30 theme local 693:697 arg1 delivery 699:706 local delivery 693:706 local delivery 693:706 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 1 31 theme macromolecules 238:251 arg1 absence 218:224 absence 218:224 absence 218:224 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 1 31 theme macromolecules 238:251 arg1 presence 205:212 presence 205:212 presence 205:212 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 3 32 theme factors 735:741 arg1 availability 712:723 availability 712:723 availability 712:723 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 3 32 theme factors 735:741 arg1 delivery 699:706 local delivery 693:706 local delivery 693:706 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 2 33 theme affinity 545:552 arg1 macromolecules 570:583 the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 541:583 the affinity binding peptide macromolecules 541:583 The synthesized branched macromolecules and the gelling compositions before and after loading with either BMP-2 or TGF-β1 are characterized physico-chemically and show a significantly lower amount of proteins released in the presence of the affinity binding peptide macromolecules. 25943094 3 34 theme important 743:751 arg1 factors 735:741 growth factors 728:741 growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies 728:794 This study illustrates the potential of affinity binding peptide functionalized dendrimers to modulate the local delivery and availability of growth factors important for musculoskeletal regeneration therapies. 25943094 1 35 theme injectable 148:157 arg1 hydrogels 176:184 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels 148:184 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels 148:184 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 1 36 theme BMP-2 261:265 arg1 peptides 294:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides 261:301 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 25943094 0 37 theme Controlled 77:86 arg1 Release 88:94 the Controlled Release 73:94 the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 73:114 Injectable Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Peptide-Binding Dendrimers Modulate the Controlled Release of BMP-2 and TGF-β1. 25943094 1 38 theme thermoresponsive 159:174 arg1 hydrogels 176:184 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels 148:184 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels 148:184 BMP-2 and TGF-β1 released from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are studied in the presence and absence of branched macromolecules bearing BMP-2 or TGF-β1 affinity binding peptides. 28341176 0 0 theme functional 83:92 arg1 properties 94:103 physicochemical and functional properties 63:103 physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch 63:140 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 11 1 theme OH 1255:1256 arg1 stretches 1269:1277 OH, CH and OC stretches 1255:1277 OH, CH and OC stretches 1255:1277 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 2 2 theme lentil 334:339 arg1 starch/100g 319:329 26.12±1.56g starch/100g 307:329 26.12±1.56g starch/100g of lentil 307:339 Lentil yielded 26.12±1.56g starch/100g of lentil. 28341176 1 3 theme dual 228:231 arg1 treatment 233:241 a dual treatment 226:241 a dual treatment of sonication 226:255 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 5 4 theme dual 615:618 arg1 treatments 620:629 dual treatments 615:629 dual treatments 615:629 However, these decreased significantly (p≤0.05) upon dual treatments. 28341176 10 5 theme functional 1175:1184 arg1 properties 1186:1195 functional properties 1175:1195 functional properties 1175:1195 Sonication did not decrease the functional properties significantly while as dual treatment induced a significant decrease in functional properties. 28341176 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 94:103 physicochemical and functional properties 63:103 physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch 63:140 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 1 7 from dose 278:281 arg1 treatment 233:241 a dual treatment 226:241 a dual treatment of sonication 226:255 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 1 7 from dose 278:281 arg1 sonication 210:219 sonication 210:219 sonication 210:219 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 1 7 from dose 278:281 arg1 irradiation 261:271 irradiation 261:271 irradiation at a dose of 5kGy 261:289 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 7 8 theme a 841:841 arg1 values 852:857 'a' and 'b' values 840:857 'a' and 'b' values 840:857 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 3 9 theme Chemical 342:349 arg1 composition 351:361 Chemical composition 342:361 Chemical composition of native starch 342:378 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 11 10 theme FT-IR 1198:1202 arg1 analysis 1204:1211 FT-IR analysis 1198:1211 FT-IR analysis 1198:1211 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 11 11 from bending 1287:1293 arg1 intensities 1240:1250 the intensities 1236:1250 the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches 1236:1277 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 9 12 theme storage 1014:1020 arg1 treatments 1037:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 However, a significant decrease in syneresis was observed after 120h storage following dual treatments. 28341176 1 13 theme sonication 246:255 arg1 treatment 233:241 a dual treatment 226:241 a dual treatment of sonication 226:255 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 1 13 theme sonication 246:255 arg1 sonication 210:219 sonication 210:219 sonication 210:219 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 1 13 theme sonication 246:255 arg1 irradiation 261:271 irradiation 261:271 irradiation at a dose of 5kGy 261:289 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 11 14 theme OC 1266:1267 arg1 stretches 1269:1277 OH, CH and OC stretches 1255:1277 OH, CH and OC stretches 1255:1277 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 10 15 theme dual 1126:1129 arg1 treatment 1131:1139 as dual treatment 1123:1139 as dual treatment 1123:1139 Sonication did not decrease the functional properties significantly while as dual treatment induced a significant decrease in functional properties. 28341176 7 16 theme L' 825:826 arg1 value 828:832 hunter 'L' value 817:832 hunter 'L' value 817:832 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 3 17 theme % 419:419 arg1 protein 421:427 0.23±0.30% protein 410:427 0.23±0.30% protein 410:427 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 0 18 theme lentil 108:113 arg1 properties 94:103 physicochemical and functional properties 63:103 physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch 63:140 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 1 19 attach isolated 150:157 arg2 Starch 143:148 Starch 143:148 Starch isolated from lentil 143:169 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 1 19 attach isolated 150:157 arg1 lentil 164:169 lentil 164:169 lentil 164:169 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 3 20 theme % 398:398 arg1 moisture 400:407 7.83±0.28% moisture 389:407 7.83±0.28% moisture 389:407 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 9 21 theme dual 1032:1035 arg1 treatments 1037:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 However, a significant decrease in syneresis was observed after 120h storage following dual treatments. 28341176 3 22 theme native 366:371 arg1 starch 373:378 native starch 366:378 native starch 366:378 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 11 23 theme CH 1259:1260 arg1 stretches 1269:1277 OH, CH and OC stretches 1255:1277 OH, CH and OC stretches 1255:1277 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 10 24 from decrease 1163:1170 arg1 properties 1186:1195 functional properties 1175:1195 functional properties 1175:1195 Sonication did not decrease the functional properties significantly while as dual treatment induced a significant decrease in functional properties. 28341176 6 25 theme starch 658:663 arg1 content 640:646 Amylose content 632:646 Amylose content of native starch 632:663 Amylose content of native starch was 31.16±1.80g/100g which showed a decrease upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 11 26 theme dual 1315:1318 arg1 treatments 1320:1329 dual treatments 1315:1329 dual treatments 1315:1329 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 3 27 theme starch 373:378 arg1 composition 351:361 Chemical composition 342:361 Chemical composition of native starch 342:378 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 4 28 theme starch 520:525 arg1 properties 499:508 pasting properties 491:508 pasting properties of lentil starch 491:525 The results revealed that pasting properties of lentil starch were not affected upon sonication. 28341176 6 29 theme native 651:656 arg1 starch 658:663 native starch 651:663 native starch 651:663 Amylose content of native starch was 31.16±1.80g/100g which showed a decrease upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 3 30 theme 0.23±0.30 410:418 arg1 % 419:419 % 419:419 % 419:419 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 0 31 theme modification 15:26 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 0:141 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 4 32 theme lentil 513:518 arg1 starch 520:525 lentil starch 513:525 lentil starch 513:525 The results revealed that pasting properties of lentil starch were not affected upon sonication. 28341176 7 33 theme hunter 817:822 arg1 value 828:832 hunter 'L' value 817:832 hunter 'L' value 817:832 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 3 34 theme % 439:439 arg1 fat 441:443 0.35±0.05% fat 430:443 0.35±0.05% fat 430:443 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 0 35 theme dual 10:13 arg1 modification 15:26 dual modification 10:26 dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation 10:58 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 9 36 from decrease 968:975 arg1 syneresis 980:988 syneresis 980:988 syneresis 980:988 However, a significant decrease in syneresis was observed after 120h storage following dual treatments. 28341176 0 37 theme sonication 31:40 arg1 modification 15:26 dual modification 10:26 dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation 10:58 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 9 38 theme following 1022:1030 arg1 treatments 1037:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 However, a significant decrease in syneresis was observed after 120h storage following dual treatments. 28341176 6 39 theme Amylose 632:638 arg1 content 640:646 Amylose content 632:646 Amylose content of native starch 632:663 Amylose content of native starch was 31.16±1.80g/100g which showed a decrease upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 4 40 theme pasting 491:497 arg1 properties 499:508 pasting properties 491:508 pasting properties of lentil starch 491:525 The results revealed that pasting properties of lentil starch were not affected upon sonication. 28341176 7 41 theme b 849:849 arg1 values 852:857 'a' and 'b' values 840:857 'a' and 'b' values 840:857 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 3 42 theme 0.35±0.05 430:438 arg1 % 439:439 % 439:439 % 439:439 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 0 43 theme γ-irradiation 46:58 arg1 modification 15:26 dual modification 10:26 dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation 10:58 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 7 44 theme dual 762:765 arg1 irradiation 794:804 irradiation 794:804 irradiation 794:804 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 7 44 theme dual 762:765 arg1 sonication 779:788 sonication 779:788 sonication 779:788 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 7 44 theme dual 762:765 arg1 treatments 767:776 dual treatments 762:776 dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) 762:805 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 10 45 theme functional 1081:1090 arg1 properties 1092:1101 the functional properties 1077:1101 the functional properties 1077:1101 Sonication did not decrease the functional properties significantly while as dual treatment induced a significant decrease in functional properties. 28341176 6 46 theme dual 730:733 arg1 treatments 735:744 dual treatments 730:744 dual treatments 730:744 Amylose content of native starch was 31.16±1.80g/100g which showed a decrease upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 3 47 theme % 458:458 arg1 ash 460:462 0.10±0.00% ash 449:462 0.10±0.00% ash 449:462 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 3 48 theme 7.83±0.28 389:397 arg1 % 398:398 % 398:398 % 398:398 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 1 49 theme 5kGy 286:289 arg1 dose 278:281 a dose 276:281 a dose of 5kGy 276:289 Starch isolated from lentil was subjected to two treatments namely sonication and, a dual treatment of sonication and irradiation at a dose of 5kGy. 28341176 0 50 theme starch 135:140 arg1 properties 94:103 physicochemical and functional properties 63:103 physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch 63:140 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 11 51 theme stretches 1269:1277 arg1 intensities 1240:1250 the intensities 1236:1250 the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches 1236:1277 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 2 52 theme 26.12±1.56g 307:317 arg1 starch/100g 319:329 26.12±1.56g starch/100g 307:329 26.12±1.56g starch/100g of lentil 307:339 Lentil yielded 26.12±1.56g starch/100g of lentil. 28341176 9 53 theme significant 956:966 arg1 decrease 968:975 a significant decrease 954:975 a significant decrease in syneresis 954:988 However, a significant decrease in syneresis was observed after 120h storage following dual treatments. 28341176 5 54 dep decreased 577:585 arg1 p≤0.05 602:607 p≤0.05 602:607 p≤0.05 602:607 However, these decreased significantly (p≤0.05) upon dual treatments. 28341176 10 55 theme significant 1151:1161 arg1 decrease 1163:1170 a significant decrease 1149:1170 a significant decrease in functional properties 1149:1195 Sonication did not decrease the functional properties significantly while as dual treatment induced a significant decrease in functional properties. 28341176 0 56 dep starch 135:140 arg1 L. 131:132 Lens culinaris L. 116:132 Lens culinaris L. 116:132 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 11 57 from decrease 1224:1231 arg1 intensities 1240:1250 the intensities 1236:1250 the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches 1236:1277 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28341176 0 58 theme physicochemical 63:77 arg1 properties 94:103 physicochemical and functional properties 63:103 physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch 63:140 Effect of dual modification of sonication and γ-irradiation on physicochemical and functional properties of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) starch. 28341176 9 59 theme 120h 1009:1012 arg1 treatments 1037:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 120h storage following dual treatments 1009:1046 However, a significant decrease in syneresis was observed after 120h storage following dual treatments. 28341176 3 60 theme 0.10±0.00 449:457 arg1 % 458:458 % 458:458 % 458:458 Chemical composition of native starch revealed 7.83±0.28% moisture, 0.23±0.30% protein, 0.35±0.05% fat and 0.10±0.00% ash. 28341176 7 61 dep treatments 767:776 arg1 irradiation 794:804 irradiation 794:804 irradiation 794:804 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 7 61 dep treatments 767:776 arg1 sonication 779:788 sonication 779:788 sonication 779:788 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 7 61 dep treatments 767:776 arg1 treatments 767:776 dual treatments 762:776 dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) 762:805 Sonication and dual treatments (sonication and irradiation) decreased hunter 'L' value while 'a' and 'b' values showed an increase. 28341176 11 62 theme CH2 1283:1285 arg1 bending 1287:1293 CH2 bending 1283:1293 CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments 1283:1329 FT-IR analysis revealed a decrease in the intensities of OH, CH and OC stretches and CH2 bending upon sonication and dual treatments. 28317732 4 0 theme parenchyma 759:768 arg1 cells 770:774 parenchyma cells 759:774 parenchyma cells 759:774 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 2 1 theme infrared 338:345 arg1 data 354:357 infrared (FTIR) data 338:357 infrared (FTIR) data 338:357 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 6 2 dep yield 896:900 arg1 greater 881:887 greater 881:887 greater 881:887 4% greater starch yield with wet milling. 28317732 0 3 theme hydroxide 64:72 arg1 steeping 74:81 dilute sodium hydroxide steeping 50:81 dilute sodium hydroxide steeping 50:81 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 1 4 with combination 133:143 arg1 milling 154:160 wet milling 150:160 wet milling 150:160 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 5 theme light 686:690 arg1 microscopy 692:701 light microscopy 686:701 light microscopy 686:701 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 1 6 theme cassava 229:235 arg1 walls 242:246 cassava cell walls 229:246 cassava cell walls 229:246 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 6 7 theme starch 889:894 arg1 yield 896:900 starch yield 889:900 starch yield 889:900 4% greater starch yield with wet milling. 28317732 2 8 dep infrared 338:345 arg1 FTIR 348:351 FTIR 348:351 FTIR 348:351 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 3 9 theme fine 534:537 arg1 milling 539:545 fine milling 534:545 fine milling 534:545 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 1 10 theme cell 237:240 arg1 walls 242:246 cassava cell walls 229:246 cassava cell walls 229:246 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 11 theme cells 770:774 arg1 disaggregation 741:754 disaggregation 741:754 disaggregation of parenchyma cells 741:774 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 7 12 theme NaOH 937:940 arg1 steeping 942:949 dilute NaOH steeping 930:949 dilute NaOH steeping 930:949 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 2 13 theme chromatography 253:266 arg1 data 268:271 Gas chromatography data 249:271 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data 249:357 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 2 14 theme sugar 298:302 arg1 composition 304:314 constituent sugar composition 286:314 constituent sugar composition 286:314 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 2 15 theme Fourier 320:326 arg1 data 268:271 Gas chromatography data 249:271 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data 249:357 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 1 16 from NaOH 125:128 arg1 combination 133:143 combination 133:143 combination with wet milling 133:160 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 2 17 theme Gas 249:251 arg1 chromatography 253:266 Gas chromatography 249:266 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data 249:357 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 5 18 theme residue 848:854 arg1 particles 856:864 large residue particles 842:864 large residue particles 842:864 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 2 19 theme cassava 416:422 arg1 walls 429:433 cassava cell walls 416:433 cassava cell walls 416:433 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 5 20 theme ground 789:794 arg1 cassava 796:802 ground cassava 789:802 ground cassava 789:802 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 3 21 theme NaOH 506:509 arg1 steeping 511:518 NaOH steeping 506:518 NaOH steeping combined with fine milling 506:545 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 3 22 theme wide-angle 445:454 arg1 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy 436:484 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 1 23 theme wet 150:152 arg1 milling 154:160 wet milling 150:160 wet milling 150:160 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 7 24 theme cell 1075:1078 arg1 strength 1085:1092 reduced cell wall strength 1067:1092 reduced cell wall strength 1067:1092 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 7 25 theme dilute 930:935 arg1 steeping 942:949 dilute NaOH steeping 930:949 dilute NaOH steeping 930:949 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 2 26 theme constituent 286:296 arg1 composition 304:314 constituent sugar composition 286:314 constituent sugar composition 286:314 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 27 theme cell 671:674 arg1 walls 676:680 the cell walls 667:680 the cell walls 667:680 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 2 28 theme pectin 406:411 arg1 level 397:401 the level 393:401 the level of pectin 393:411 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 29 theme NaOH 717:720 arg1 steeping 722:729 NaOH steeping 717:729 NaOH steeping 717:729 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 2 30 theme wall 281:284 arg1 data 268:271 Gas chromatography data 249:271 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data 249:357 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 0 31 theme tuber 21:25 arg1 weakening 37:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 2 32 theme cell 276:279 arg1 wall 281:284 cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data 276:357 wall 281:284 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 33 theme NaOH 630:633 arg1 steeping 635:642 NaOH steeping 630:642 NaOH steeping 630:642 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 0 34 theme cassava 13:19 arg1 weakening 37:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 7 35 theme reduced 1067:1073 arg1 strength 1085:1092 reduced cell wall strength 1067:1092 reduced cell wall strength 1067:1092 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 1 36 theme cassava 96:102 arg1 pieces 109:114 cassava root pieces 96:114 cassava root pieces 96:114 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 7 37 theme wall 1080:1083 arg1 strength 1085:1092 reduced cell wall strength 1067:1092 reduced cell wall strength 1067:1092 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 0 38 theme wall 32:35 arg1 weakening 37:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 3 39 theme X-ray 456:460 arg1 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy 436:484 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 7 40 theme pectin 1051:1056 arg1 solubilisation 1033:1046 solubilisation 1033:1046 solubilisation of pectin 1033:1056 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 0 41 theme cell 27:30 arg1 weakening 37:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 cassava tuber cell wall weakening 13:45 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 5 42 theme cassava 796:802 arg1 Steeping 777:784 Steeping 777:784 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH 777:810 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 6 43 with yield 896:900 arg1 milling 911:917 wet milling 907:917 wet milling 907:917 4% greater starch yield with wet milling. 28317732 7 44 theme disintegrating 999:1012 arg1 walls 1019:1023 disintegrating cell walls 999:1023 disintegrating cell walls 999:1023 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 2 45 theme NaOH 371:374 arg1 steeping 376:383 NaOH steeping 371:383 NaOH steeping 371:383 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 2 46 theme cell 424:427 arg1 walls 429:433 cassava cell walls 416:433 cassava cell walls 416:433 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 3 47 theme scattering 462:471 arg1 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy 436:484 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 7 48 theme cell 1014:1017 arg1 walls 1019:1023 disintegrating cell walls 999:1023 disintegrating cell walls 999:1023 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 1 49 theme root 104:107 arg1 pieces 109:114 cassava root pieces 96:114 cassava root pieces 96:114 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 0 50 theme weakening 37:45 arg1 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 0:82 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 7 51 from effectiveness 967:979 arg1 walls 1019:1023 disintegrating cell walls 999:1023 disintegrating cell walls 999:1023 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 5 52 from Steeping 777:784 arg1 NaOH 807:810 NaOH 807:810 NaOH 807:810 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 3 53 theme cellulose 564:572 arg1 crystallinity 574:586 cellulose crystallinity 564:586 cellulose crystallinity 564:586 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 7 54 theme milling 988:994 arg1 effectiveness 967:979 the effectiveness 963:979 the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls 963:1023 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 1 55 theme pieces 109:114 arg1 Steeping 84:91 Steeping 84:91 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling 84:160 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 7 56 theme wet 984:986 arg1 milling 988:994 wet milling 984:994 wet milling 984:994 Therefore dilute NaOH steeping can improve the effectiveness of wet milling in disintegrating cell walls through solubilisation of pectin, thereby reduced cell wall strength. 28317732 1 57 dep determine 182:190 arg1 whether 192:198 whether 192:198 whether 192:198 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 5 58 from decrease 830:837 arg1 particles 856:864 large residue particles 842:864 large residue particles 842:864 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 3 59 theme FTIR 436:439 arg1 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy 436:484 spectroscopy 473:484 FTIR and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy also indicated that NaOH steeping combined with fine milling slightly reduced cellulose crystallinity. 28317732 2 60 dep Fourier 320:326 arg1 transform 328:336 transform 328:336 transform infrared (FTIR) data 328:357 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 61 theme electron 598:605 arg1 microscopy 607:616 Scanning electron microscopy 589:616 Scanning electron microscopy 589:616 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 1 62 dep whether 192:198 arg1 modifies 220:227 modifies 220:227 modifies cassava cell walls 220:246 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 1 63 theme 0.75 119:122 arg1 % 123:123 % 123:123 % 123:123 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 4 64 theme Scanning 589:596 arg1 microscopy 607:616 Scanning electron microscopy 589:616 Scanning electron microscopy 589:616 Scanning electron microscopy showed that NaOH steeping produced micropores in the cell walls and light microscopy revealed that NaOH steeping increased disaggregation of parenchyma cells. 28317732 0 65 theme sodium 57:62 arg1 steeping 74:81 dilute sodium hydroxide steeping 50:81 dilute sodium hydroxide steeping 50:81 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 5 66 theme large 842:846 arg1 particles 856:864 large residue particles 842:864 large residue particles 842:864 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 5 67 theme % 828:828 arg1 decrease 830:837 a 12% decrease 824:837 a 12% decrease in large residue particles 824:864 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 1 68 theme % 123:123 arg1 NaOH 125:128 0.75% NaOH 119:128 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling 119:160 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 1 69 from Steeping 84:91 arg1 NaOH 125:128 0.75% NaOH 119:128 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling 119:160 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 1 70 theme dilute 208:213 arg1 NaOH 215:218 dilute NaOH 208:218 dilute NaOH 208:218 Steeping of cassava root pieces in 0.75% NaOH in combination with wet milling was investigated to determine whether and how dilute NaOH modifies cassava cell walls. 28317732 0 71 theme dilute 50:55 arg1 steeping 74:81 dilute sodium hydroxide steeping 50:81 dilute sodium hydroxide steeping 50:81 Mechanism of cassava tuber cell wall weakening by dilute sodium hydroxide steeping. 28317732 6 72 theme wet 907:909 arg1 milling 911:917 wet milling 907:917 wet milling 907:917 4% greater starch yield with wet milling. 28317732 5 73 theme 12 826:827 arg1 % 828:828 % 828:828 % 828:828 Steeping of ground cassava in NaOH resulted in a 12% decrease in large residue particles and approx. 28317732 2 74 dep wall 281:284 arg1 composition 304:314 constituent sugar composition 286:314 constituent sugar composition 286:314 Gas chromatography data of cell wall constituent sugar composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data showed that NaOH steeping reduced the level of pectin in cassava cell walls. 26542376 4 0 theme facile 848:853 arg1 approach 870:877 a facile latex assembly approach 846:877 a facile latex assembly approach 846:877 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 3 1 theme desirable 681:689 arg1 material 699:706 a desirable sensing material 679:706 a desirable sensing material 679:706 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 5 2 theme percolation 1191:1201 arg1 threshold 1203:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold 1156:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites) 1156:1274 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 4 3 theme assembly 861:868 arg1 approach 870:877 a facile latex assembly approach 846:877 a facile latex assembly approach 846:877 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 1 4 theme tensile 294:300 arg1 strain 302:307 tensile strain 294:307 tensile strain 294:307 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 6 5 theme performance 1491:1501 arg1 sensors 1512:1518 high performance flexible sensors 1486:1518 high performance flexible sensors 1486:1518 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 5 6 theme strain 1381:1386 arg1 threshold 1203:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold 1156:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites) 1156:1274 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 6 theme strain 1381:1386 arg1 sensitivity 1298:1308 sensitivity 1298:1308 sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) 1298:1330 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 6 theme strain 1381:1386 arg1 resistivity 1282:1292 high resistivity 1277:1292 high resistivity 1277:1292 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 6 theme strain 1381:1386 arg1 ≈ 1324:1324 gauge factor ≈ 43.5 1311:1329 gauge factor ≈ 43.5 1311:1329 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 6 theme strain 1381:1386 arg1 reproducibility 1351:1365 meanwhile good reproducibility 1336:1365 meanwhile good reproducibility 1336:1365 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 7 theme traditional 554:564 arg1 CPCs 566:569 the traditional CPCs 550:569 the traditional CPCs 550:569 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 4 8 theme composites 1063:1072 arg1 network 999:1005 the percolating network 983:1005 the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 983:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 0 9 theme templated 127:135 arg1 assembly 137:144 a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly 103:144 a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly 103:144 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 6 10 theme multifunctional 1541:1555 arg1 applications 1557:1568 multifunctional applications 1541:1568 multifunctional applications 1541:1568 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 1 11 theme Conductive 147:156 arg1 composites 166:175 Conductive polymer composites 147:175 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold 147:219 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 1 11 theme Conductive 147:156 arg1 CPCs 178:181 CPCs 178:181 CPCs 178:181 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 4 12 theme key 961:963 arg1 role 965:968 a key role 959:968 a key role 959:968 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 5 13 theme high 1277:1280 arg1 resistivity 1282:1292 high resistivity 1277:1292 high resistivity 1277:1292 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 1 14 theme strain 339:344 arg1 sensors 346:352 strain sensors 339:352 strain sensors 339:352 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 3 15 theme conductive 611:620 arg1 structure 630:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure 585:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs 585:646 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 5 16 dep strain 1381:1386 arg1 % 1379:1379 % 1379:1379 % 1379:1379 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 0 17 theme strain 84:89 arg1 sensors 91:97 flexible strain sensors 75:97 flexible strain sensors 75:97 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 5 18 dep 100 1376:1378 arg1 to 1373:1374 to 1373:1374 to 1373:1374 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 19 theme conductive 527:536 arg1 pathways 538:545 the relatively dense conductive pathways 506:545 the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs 506:569 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 5 20 theme NR/CNT 1257:1262 arg1 composites 1264:1273 the conventional NR/CNT composites 1240:1273 the conventional NR/CNT composites 1240:1273 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 21 theme factor 1317:1322 arg1 sensitivity 1298:1308 sensitivity 1298:1308 sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) 1298:1330 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 21 theme factor 1317:1322 arg1 ≈ 1324:1324 gauge factor ≈ 43.5 1311:1329 gauge factor ≈ 43.5 1311:1329 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 22 theme electric 395:402 arg1 conductivity 404:415 the electric conductivity 391:415 the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs 391:569 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 2 22 theme electric 395:402 arg1 fundamental 426:436 fundamental 426:436 fundamental 426:436 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 0 23 theme cellulose 105:113 arg1 assembly 137:144 a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly 103:144 a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly 103:144 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 4 24 theme conductive 1010:1019 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 3 25 from structure 630:638 arg1 CPCs 643:646 CPCs 643:646 CPCs 643:646 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 1 26 theme strain 302:307 arg1 application 279:289 application 279:289 application 279:289 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 4 27 theme rubber 1029:1034 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 0 28 theme conductive 22:31 arg1 networks 33:40 percolating conductive networks 10:40 percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors 10:97 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 5 29 theme low 1163:1165 arg1 threshold 1203:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold 1156:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites) 1156:1274 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 30 theme strain 472:477 arg1 sensitivity 487:497 the strain sensing sensitivity 468:497 the strain sensing sensitivity 468:497 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 4 31 theme reversible 799:808 arg1 sensors 817:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 5 32 theme 3D 1122:1123 arg1 structure 1136:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 0 33 theme rubber 53:58 arg1 composites 60:69 natural rubber composites 45:69 natural rubber composites 45:69 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 1 34 theme unique 231:236 arg1 response 265:272 a unique strain-reversible electric response 229:272 a unique strain-reversible electric response 229:272 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 6 35 from principles 1416:1425 arg1 study 1435:1439 this study 1430:1439 this study 1430:1439 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 1 36 theme electric 256:263 arg1 response 265:272 a unique strain-reversible electric response 229:272 a unique strain-reversible electric response 229:272 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 4 37 theme NR 1037:1038 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 5 38 theme good 1346:1349 arg1 reproducibility 1351:1365 meanwhile good reproducibility 1336:1365 meanwhile good reproducibility 1336:1365 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 39 theme conductivity 1178:1189 arg1 threshold 1203:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold 1156:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites) 1156:1274 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 1 40 used used 323:326 arg2 application 279:289 application 279:289 application 279:289 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 4 41 theme /carbon 1040:1046 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 3 42 theme sensing 691:697 arg1 material 699:706 a desirable sensing material 679:706 a desirable sensing material 679:706 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 4 43 theme latex 855:859 arg1 approach 870:877 a facile latex assembly approach 846:877 a facile latex assembly approach 846:877 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 6 44 theme flexible 1503:1510 arg1 sensors 1512:1518 high performance flexible sensors 1486:1518 high performance flexible sensors 1486:1518 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 6 45 theme high 1486:1489 arg1 sensors 1512:1518 high performance flexible sensors 1486:1518 high performance flexible sensors 1486:1518 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 1 46 theme percolation 199:209 arg1 threshold 211:219 the percolation threshold 195:219 the percolation threshold 195:219 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 4 47 theme nontoxic 889:896 arg1 nanocrystals 939:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 5 48 theme conventional 1244:1255 arg1 composites 1264:1273 the conventional NR/CNT composites 1240:1273 the conventional NR/CNT composites 1240:1273 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 3 49 theme " 595:595 arg1 structure 630:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure 585:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs 585:646 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 6 50 theme practical 1457:1465 arg1 approach 1467:1474 a novel practical approach 1449:1474 a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications 1449:1568 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 4 51 theme sustainable 899:909 arg1 nanocrystals 939:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 4 52 theme cellulose 929:937 arg1 nanocrystals 939:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 6 53 from materials 1402:1410 arg1 study 1435:1439 this study 1430:1439 this study 1430:1439 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 6 54 theme applications 1557:1568 arg1 range 1532:1536 a broad range 1524:1536 a broad range of multifunctional applications 1524:1568 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 5 55 dep threshold 1203:1211 arg1 lower 1221:1225 lower 1221:1225 lower 1221:1225 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 3 56 theme network 622:628 arg1 structure 630:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure 585:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs 585:646 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 2 57 theme CPCs 566:569 arg1 pathways 538:545 the relatively dense conductive pathways 506:545 the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs 506:569 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 0 58 theme flexible 75:82 arg1 sensors 91:97 flexible strain sensors 75:97 flexible strain sensors 75:97 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 3 59 theme effective 601:609 arg1 structure 630:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure 585:638 a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs 585:646 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 6 60 theme broad 1526:1530 arg1 range 1532:1536 a broad range 1524:1536 a broad range of multifunctional applications 1524:1568 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 1 61 theme polymer 158:164 arg1 composites 166:175 Conductive polymer composites 147:175 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold 147:219 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 1 61 theme polymer 158:164 arg1 CPCs 178:181 CPCs 178:181 CPCs 178:181 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 2 62 theme due 499:501 arg1 signal 457:462 a stable output signal 441:462 a stable output signal 441:462 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 4 63 theme biodegradable 915:927 arg1 nanocrystals 939:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals 889:950 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 2 64 theme sensing 479:485 arg1 sensitivity 487:497 the strain sensing sensitivity 468:497 the strain sensing sensitivity 468:497 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 5 65 with nanocomposites 1089:1102 arg1 structure 1136:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 66 theme continuous 1111:1120 arg1 structure 1136:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 67 dep % 1379:1379 arg1 100 1376:1378 100 1376:1378 100 1376:1378 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 68 theme dense 521:525 arg1 pathways 538:545 the relatively dense conductive pathways 506:545 the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs 506:569 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 5 69 theme gauge 1311:1315 arg1 sensitivity 1298:1308 sensitivity 1298:1308 sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) 1298:1330 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 5 69 theme gauge 1311:1315 arg1 ≈ 1324:1324 gauge factor ≈ 43.5 1311:1329 gauge factor ≈ 43.5 1311:1329 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 0 70 theme nanocrystal 115:125 arg1 assembly 137:144 a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly 103:144 a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly 103:144 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 4 71 theme flexible 761:768 arg1 sensors 817:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 0 72 theme percolating 10:20 arg1 networks 33:40 percolating conductive networks 10:40 percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors 10:97 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 5 73 theme resulting 1079:1087 arg1 nanocomposites 1089:1102 The resulting nanocomposites 1075:1102 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure 1075:1144 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 74 theme stable 443:448 arg1 signal 457:462 a stable output signal 441:462 a stable output signal 441:462 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26542376 6 75 theme proposed 1393:1400 arg1 materials 1402:1410 The proposed materials 1389:1410 The proposed materials 1389:1410 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 4 76 theme natural 1021:1027 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 4 77 theme first 738:742 arg1 time 744:747 the first time 734:747 the first time 734:747 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 0 78 theme natural 45:51 arg1 composites 60:69 natural rubber composites 45:69 natural rubber composites 45:69 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 5 79 theme electrical 1167:1176 arg1 threshold 1203:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold 1156:1211 a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites) 1156:1274 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 0 80 theme composites 60:69 arg1 networks 33:40 percolating conductive networks 10:40 percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors 10:97 Tailoring percolating conductive networks of natural rubber composites for flexible strain sensors via a cellulose nanocrystal templated assembly. 26542376 5 81 theme conductive 1125:1134 arg1 structure 1136:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 a continuous 3D conductive structure 1109:1144 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 4 82 theme percolating 987:997 arg1 network 999:1005 the percolating network 983:1005 the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 983:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 4 83 theme strain 810:815 arg1 sensors 817:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 6 84 theme novel 1451:1455 arg1 approach 1467:1474 a novel practical approach 1449:1474 a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications 1449:1568 The proposed materials and principles in this study open up a novel practical approach to design high performance flexible sensors for a broad range of multifunctional applications. 26542376 4 85 theme nanotube 1048:1055 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 3 86 theme essential 655:663 arg1 foundation 665:674 the essential foundation 651:674 the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material 651:706 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 4 87 theme stretchable 771:781 arg1 sensors 817:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 1 88 theme strain-reversible 238:254 arg1 response 265:272 a unique strain-reversible electric response 229:272 a unique strain-reversible electric response 229:272 Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) just above the percolation threshold exhibit a unique strain-reversible electric response upon application of tensile strain, which can be used to prepare strain sensors. 26542376 4 89 theme CNT 1058:1060 arg1 composites 1063:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites 1010:1072 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 3 90 theme material 699:706 arg1 foundation 665:674 the essential foundation 651:674 the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material 651:706 Constructing a "brittle" but effective conductive network structure in CPCs is the essential foundation of a desirable sensing material. 26542376 4 91 theme sensitive 784:792 arg1 sensors 817:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors 754:823 Here, we demonstrate for the first time that highly flexible, stretchable, sensitive, and reversible strain sensors can be fabricated by a facile latex assembly approach, in which nontoxic, sustainable and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals played a key role in tailoring the percolating network of conductive natural rubber (NR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. 26542376 5 92 theme meanwhile 1336:1344 arg1 reproducibility 1351:1365 meanwhile good reproducibility 1336:1365 meanwhile good reproducibility 1336:1365 The resulting nanocomposites with a continuous 3D conductive structure exhibited a very low electrical conductivity percolation threshold (4-fold lower than that of the conventional NR/CNT composites), high resistivity and sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 43.5) and meanwhile good reproducibility of up to 100% strain. 26542376 2 93 theme output 450:455 arg1 signal 457:462 a stable output signal 441:462 a stable output signal 441:462 However, it is difficult to balance the electric conductivity which is fundamental to a stable output signal and the strain sensing sensitivity due to the relatively dense conductive pathways of the traditional CPCs. 26853314 0 0 theme composition 86:96 arg1 Impact 69:74 Impact 69:74 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 0:150 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 3 1 theme phase 654:658 arg1 transition 660:669 the phase transition 650:669 the phase transition of CFI 650:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 9 2 theme polymorphic 1482:1492 arg1 transition 1494:1503 the polymorphic transition 1478:1503 the polymorphic transition 1478:1503 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 0 3 theme tablet 79:84 arg1 composition 86:96 tablet composition 79:96 tablet composition 79:96 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 6 4 dep showed 949:954 arg1 higher 1030:1035 higher 1030:1035 higher 1030:1035 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 2 5 dep conditions 433:442 arg1 formulation 457:467 formulation 457:467 formulation 457:467 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 5 dep conditions 433:442 arg1 process 445:451 process 445:451 process 445:451 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 5 dep conditions 433:442 arg1 conditions 433:442 the operating conditions 419:442 the operating conditions (process and formulation) 419:468 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 9 6 theme Johnson-Mehl-Avrami 1419:1437 arg1 model 1439:1443 the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1415:1443 the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1415:1443 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 1 7 theme pharmaceutical 159:172 arg1 field 174:178 the pharmaceutical field 155:178 the pharmaceutical field 155:178 In the pharmaceutical field, solid-state transitions that may occur during manufacturing of pharmaceuticals are of great importance. 26853314 1 8 theme great 267:271 arg1 importance 273:282 great importance 267:282 great importance 267:282 In the pharmaceutical field, solid-state transitions that may occur during manufacturing of pharmaceuticals are of great importance. 26853314 0 9 theme compression 102:112 arg1 load 114:117 compression load 102:117 compression load 102:117 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 9 10 with analysis 1342:1349 arg1 law 1408:1410 a stretched exponential law 1384:1410 a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1384:1443 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 8 11 theme binary 1307:1312 arg1 mixtures 1314:1321 binary mixtures 1307:1321 binary mixtures of CFI/diluent 1307:1336 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 5 12 theme parameters 900:909 arg1 influence 881:889 the influence 877:889 the influence of these parameters on the CFI transition degree 877:938 A kinetic study performed during six months helped to highlight the influence of these parameters on the CFI transition degree. 26853314 9 13 theme stretched 1386:1394 arg1 law 1408:1410 a stretched exponential law 1384:1410 a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1384:1443 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 3 14 theme CFI 674:676 arg1 transition 660:669 the phase transition 650:669 the phase transition of CFI 650:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 4 15 theme pure 702:705 arg1 CFI 707:709 pure CFI 702:709 pure CFI 702:709 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 6 16 theme uncompressed 1056:1067 arg1 powders 1069:1075 uncompressed powders 1056:1075 uncompressed powders 1056:1075 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 9 17 theme transition 1358:1367 arg1 mechanism 1369:1377 the transition mechanism 1354:1377 the transition mechanism 1354:1377 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 4 18 theme dicalcium 791:799 arg1 phosphate 801:809 anhydrous dicalcium phosphate 781:809 anhydrous dicalcium phosphate 781:809 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 8 19 theme several 1219:1225 arg1 differences 1227:1237 several differences 1219:1237 several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree 1219:1283 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 2 20 theme phase 289:293 arg1 transition 295:304 The phase transition 285:304 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), 285:343 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 5 21 theme kinetic 815:821 arg1 study 823:827 A kinetic study 813:827 A kinetic study performed during six months 813:855 A kinetic study performed during six months helped to highlight the influence of these parameters on the CFI transition degree. 26853314 2 22 theme compression 371:381 arg1 process 383:389 direct compression process 364:389 direct compression process 364:389 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 0 23 theme load 114:117 arg1 Impact 69:74 Impact 69:74 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 0:150 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 4 24 theme anhydrous 781:789 arg1 phosphate 801:809 anhydrous dicalcium phosphate 781:809 anhydrous dicalcium phosphate 781:809 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 3 25 theme formulation 499:509 arg1 parameters 511:520 two formulation parameters 495:520 two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI 495:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 5 26 theme CFI 918:920 arg1 degree 933:938 the CFI transition degree 914:938 the CFI transition degree 914:938 A kinetic study performed during six months helped to highlight the influence of these parameters on the CFI transition degree. 26853314 2 27 theme direct 364:369 arg1 process 383:389 direct compression process 364:389 direct compression process 364:389 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 28 theme operating 423:431 arg1 formulation 457:467 formulation 457:467 formulation 457:467 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 28 theme operating 423:431 arg1 process 445:451 process 445:451 process 445:451 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 28 theme operating 423:431 arg1 conditions 433:442 the operating conditions 419:442 the operating conditions (process and formulation) 419:468 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 1 29 theme solid-state 181:191 arg1 transitions 193:203 solid-state transitions 181:203 solid-state transitions that may occur during manufacturing of pharmaceuticals 181:258 In the pharmaceutical field, solid-state transitions that may occur during manufacturing of pharmaceuticals are of great importance. 26853314 2 30 theme API 317:319 arg1 transition 295:304 The phase transition 285:304 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), 285:343 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 7 31 dep pressure 1091:1098 arg1 Whatever 1078:1085 Whatever 1078:1085 Whatever 1078:1085 Whatever the pressure applied, CFI transition degree was almost constant and uniformly occurring throughout the tablet volume. 26853314 7 32 theme CFI 1109:1111 arg1 degree 1124:1129 CFI transition degree 1109:1129 CFI transition degree 1109:1129 Whatever the pressure applied, CFI transition degree was almost constant and uniformly occurring throughout the tablet volume. 26853314 4 33 theme CFI/diluent 738:748 arg1 mixture 727:733 binary mixture 720:733 binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate) 720:810 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 1 34 from importance 273:282 arg1 field 174:178 the pharmaceutical field 155:178 the pharmaceutical field 155:178 In the pharmaceutical field, solid-state transitions that may occur during manufacturing of pharmaceuticals are of great importance. 26853314 2 35 theme model 311:315 arg1 I 336:336 caffeine Form I 322:336 caffeine Form I (CFI) 322:342 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 35 theme model 311:315 arg1 API 317:319 a model API 309:319 a model API 309:319 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 6 36 theme process 1002:1008 arg1 effect 969:974 a triggering effect 956:974 a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation 956:1024 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 3 37 theme diluent 537:543 arg1 nature 523:528 nature 523:528 two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI 495:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 0 38 theme phase 122:126 arg1 transition 128:137 phase transition 122:137 phase transition of caffeine 122:149 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 3 39 theme parameter 598:606 arg1 impact 549:554 impact 549:554 impact 549:554 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 39 theme parameter 598:606 arg1 diluent 537:543 diluent 537:543 diluent 537:543 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 40 dep diluent 537:543 arg1 the 533:535 the 533:535 the 533:535 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 9 41 theme exponential 1396:1406 arg1 law 1408:1410 a stretched exponential law 1384:1410 a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1384:1443 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 6 42 theme compression 990:1000 arg1 transformation 1011:1024 transformation 1011:1024 transformation 1011:1024 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 6 42 theme compression 990:1000 arg1 process 1002:1008 the direct compression process 979:1008 the direct compression process 979:1008 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 0 43 theme direct 49:54 arg1 compression 56:66 direct compression 49:66 direct compression 49:66 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 0 44 theme caffeine 142:149 arg1 transition 128:137 phase transition 122:137 phase transition of caffeine 122:149 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 4 45 theme microcrystalline 751:766 arg1 cellulose 768:776 microcrystalline cellulose 751:776 microcrystalline cellulose 751:776 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 8 46 theme CFI 1263:1265 arg1 degree 1278:1283 the CFI transition degree 1259:1283 the CFI transition degree 1259:1283 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 6 47 theme direct 983:988 arg1 transformation 1011:1024 transformation 1011:1024 transformation 1011:1024 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 6 47 theme direct 983:988 arg1 process 1002:1008 the direct compression process 979:1008 the direct compression process 979:1008 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 4 48 dep CFI/diluent 738:748 arg1 phosphate 801:809 anhydrous dicalcium phosphate 781:809 anhydrous dicalcium phosphate 781:809 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 4 48 dep CFI/diluent 738:748 arg1 cellulose 768:776 microcrystalline cellulose 751:776 microcrystalline cellulose 751:776 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 6 49 theme triggering 958:967 arg1 effect 969:974 a triggering effect 956:974 a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation 956:1024 Results showed a triggering effect of the direct compression process, transformation was higher in tablets than in uncompressed powders. 26853314 0 50 from Impact 69:74 arg1 transition 128:137 phase transition 122:137 phase transition of caffeine 122:149 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 8 51 theme CFI/diluent 1326:1336 arg1 mixtures 1314:1321 binary mixtures 1307:1321 binary mixtures of CFI/diluent 1307:1336 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 8 52 theme transition 1267:1276 arg1 degree 1278:1283 the CFI transition degree 1259:1283 the CFI transition degree 1259:1283 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 2 53 theme conditions 433:442 arg1 impacts 408:414 the impacts 404:414 the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation) 404:468 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 3 54 theme process 590:596 arg1 parameter 598:606 one process parameter 586:606 one process parameter 586:606 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 55 theme impact 549:554 arg1 nature 523:528 nature 523:528 two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI 495:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 56 theme dilution 572:579 arg1 impact 549:554 impact 549:554 impact 549:554 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 56 theme dilution 572:579 arg1 diluent 537:543 diluent 537:543 diluent 537:543 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 2 57 theme Form 331:334 arg1 I 336:336 caffeine Form I 322:336 caffeine Form I (CFI) 322:342 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 57 theme Form 331:334 arg1 API 317:319 a model API 309:319 a model API 309:319 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 57 theme Form 331:334 arg1 CFI 339:341 CFI 339:341 CFI 339:341 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 5 58 theme transition 922:931 arg1 degree 933:938 the CFI transition degree 914:938 the CFI transition degree 914:938 A kinetic study performed during six months helped to highlight the influence of these parameters on the CFI transition degree. 26853314 4 59 theme binary 720:725 arg1 mixture 727:733 binary mixture 720:733 binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate) 720:810 Tablets were made from pure CFI and from binary mixture of CFI/diluent (microcrystalline cellulose or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate). 26853314 2 60 theme caffeine 322:329 arg1 I 336:336 caffeine Form I 322:336 caffeine Form I (CFI) 322:342 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 60 theme caffeine 322:329 arg1 API 317:319 a model API 309:319 a model API 309:319 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 2 60 theme caffeine 322:329 arg1 CFI 339:341 CFI 339:341 CFI 339:341 The phase transition of a model API, caffeine Form I (CFI), was studied during direct compression process by analysing the impacts of the operating conditions (process and formulation). 26853314 5 61 from influence 881:889 arg1 degree 933:938 the CFI transition degree 914:938 the CFI transition degree 914:938 A kinetic study performed during six months helped to highlight the influence of these parameters on the CFI transition degree. 26853314 3 62 dep parameters 511:520 arg1 pressure 625:632 the compression pressure 609:632 two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI 495:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 62 dep parameters 511:520 arg1 nature 523:528 nature 523:528 two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI 495:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 63 theme compression 613:623 arg1 pressure 625:632 the compression pressure 609:632 two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI 495:676 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 3 64 theme caffeine 563:570 arg1 dilution 572:579 the caffeine dilution 559:579 the caffeine dilution 559:579 This work is focused on two formulation parameters: nature of the diluent and impact of the caffeine dilution, and one process parameter: the compression pressure that may impact the phase transition of CFI. 26853314 9 65 theme model 1439:1443 arg1 law 1408:1410 a stretched exponential law 1384:1410 a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1384:1443 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 26853314 8 66 theme degree 1278:1283 arg1 evolution 1246:1254 the evolution 1242:1254 the evolution of the CFI transition degree 1242:1283 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 1 67 theme pharmaceuticals 244:258 arg1 manufacturing 227:239 manufacturing 227:239 manufacturing of pharmaceuticals 227:258 In the pharmaceutical field, solid-state transitions that may occur during manufacturing of pharmaceuticals are of great importance. 26853314 7 68 theme tablet 1190:1195 arg1 volume 1197:1202 the tablet volume 1186:1202 the tablet volume 1186:1202 Whatever the pressure applied, CFI transition degree was almost constant and uniformly occurring throughout the tablet volume. 26853314 0 69 dep Processing-induced-transformations 0:33 arg1 Impact 69:74 Impact 69:74 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 0:150 Processing-induced-transformations (PITs) during direct compression: Impact of tablet composition and compression load on phase transition of caffeine. 26853314 8 70 from differences 1227:1237 arg1 evolution 1246:1254 the evolution 1242:1254 the evolution of the CFI transition degree 1242:1283 Nevertheless, several differences on the evolution of the CFI transition degree were observed between binary mixtures of CFI/diluent. 26853314 7 71 theme transition 1113:1122 arg1 degree 1124:1129 CFI transition degree 1109:1129 CFI transition degree 1109:1129 Whatever the pressure applied, CFI transition degree was almost constant and uniformly occurring throughout the tablet volume. 26853314 9 72 theme mechanism 1369:1377 arg1 analysis 1342:1349 An analysis 1339:1349 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model 1339:1443 An analysis of the transition mechanism with a stretched exponential law of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model shows that tableting accelerates the polymorphic transition without modifying its mechanism controlled by nucleation only. 29024054 3 0 theme surface 540:546 arg1 properties 548:557 the surface properties 536:557 the surface properties of different NPs 536:574 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 2 1 theme microfluidic-assisted 434:454 arg1 method 456:461 A microfluidic-assisted method 432:461 A microfluidic-assisted method 432:461 A microfluidic-assisted method is used to co-encapsulate different NPs in a single step. 29024054 3 2 theme PSi 637:639 arg1 NPs 648:650 both PSi and Au NPs 632:650 NPs 648:650 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 5 3 theme drug 991:994 arg1 delivery 996:1003 precise, in situ drug delivery 974:1003 precise, in situ drug delivery 974:1003 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 0 4 dep Regeneration 119:130 arg1 Theranostics 156:167 Theranostics 156:167 Theranostics 156:167 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 4 5 from changes 826:832 arg1 tissues 841:847 the tissues 837:847 the tissues 837:847 This system can be used to identify pathologically changes in the tissues and selectively deliver drugs to these sites. 29024054 1 6 theme acute-liver-failure 392:410 arg1 theranostics 418:429 acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics 392:429 acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics 392:429 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 5 7 theme therapeutic 912:922 arg1 compound 924:931 a therapeutic compound 910:931 a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) 910:942 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 5 7 theme therapeutic 912:922 arg1 XMU-MP-1 934:941 XMU-MP-1 934:941 XMU-MP-1 934:941 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 5 8 dep in 983:984 arg1 situ 986:989 situ 986:989 situ 986:989 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 0 9 theme Acetalated 90:99 arg1 Dextran 101:107 Acetalated Dextran 90:107 Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics 90:167 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 9 10 theme theranostic 1481:1491 arg1 platform 1493:1500 a potential theranostic platform 1469:1500 a potential theranostic platform for ALF 1469:1508 Altogether, these results support that this nanohybrid is a potential theranostic platform for ALF. 29024054 9 10 theme theranostic 1481:1491 arg1 nanohybrid 1455:1464 this nanohybrid 1450:1464 this nanohybrid 1450:1464 Altogether, these results support that this nanohybrid is a potential theranostic platform for ALF. 29024054 5 11 theme compound 924:931 arg1 loading 899:905 The loading 895:905 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) 895:942 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 0 12 theme Liver 113:117 arg1 Regeneration 119:130 Liver Regeneration 113:130 Liver Regeneration 113:130 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 1 13 theme ALF 413:415 arg1 theranostics 418:429 acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics 392:429 acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics 392:429 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 7 14 theme important 1283:1291 arg1 concentration 1269:1281 the local drug concentration 1254:1281 the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect 1254:1314 This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect. 29024054 5 15 theme drug-functioning 1014:1029 arg1 time 1031:1034 the drug-functioning time 1010:1034 the drug-functioning time 1010:1034 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 3 16 theme polymer 690:696 arg1 matrix 698:703 the polymer matrix 686:703 the polymer matrix 686:703 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 6 17 theme better 1093:1098 arg1 compliance 1100:1109 better compliance 1093:1109 better compliance 1093:1109 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 1 18 theme novel 180:184 arg1 nanohybrid based 186:201 a novel nanohybrid based 178:201 a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) 178:289 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 0 19 theme Multifunctional 0:14 arg1 Nanohybrid 16:25 Multifunctional Nanohybrid 0:25 Multifunctional Nanohybrid 0:25 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 1 20 theme acetalated 255:264 arg1 AcDEX 284:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 20 theme acetalated 255:264 arg1 dextran 266:272 acetalated dextran 255:272 acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) 255:289 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 3 21 theme phase 625:629 arg1 composition 598:608 the composition 594:608 the composition of the organic phase 594:629 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 7 22 theme local 1258:1262 arg1 concentration 1269:1281 the local drug concentration 1254:1281 the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect 1254:1314 This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect. 29024054 6 23 theme nanoformulation 1135:1149 arg1 effect 1082:1087 a superior treatment effect 1061:1087 a superior treatment effect 1061:1087 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 6 23 theme nanoformulation 1135:1149 arg1 compliance 1100:1109 better compliance 1093:1109 better compliance 1093:1109 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 8 24 theme Au 1344:1345 arg1 NPs 1347:1349 Au NPs 1344:1349 Au NPs 1344:1349 Moreover, the residence of Au NPs within the matrix further endows our system for CT-imaging. 29024054 8 25 theme NPs 1347:1349 arg1 residence 1331:1339 the residence 1327:1339 the residence of Au NPs within the matrix 1327:1367 Moreover, the residence of Au NPs within the matrix further endows our system for CT-imaging. 29024054 2 26 theme single 508:513 arg1 step 515:518 a single step 506:518 a single step 506:518 A microfluidic-assisted method is used to co-encapsulate different NPs in a single step. 29024054 6 27 theme treatment 1072:1080 arg1 effect 1082:1087 a superior treatment effect 1061:1087 a superior treatment effect 1061:1087 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 5 28 theme precise 974:980 arg1 delivery 996:1003 precise, in situ drug delivery 974:1003 precise, in situ drug delivery 974:1003 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 1 29 theme porous 206:211 arg1 silicon 213:219 porous silicon 206:219 porous silicon 206:219 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 0 30 theme Silicon 43:49 arg1 Nanoparticles 51:63 Porous Silicon Nanoparticles 36:63 Porous Silicon Nanoparticles 36:63 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 1 31 theme DPSi/DAu 275:282 arg1 AcDEX 284:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 31 theme DPSi/DAu 275:282 arg1 dextran 266:272 acetalated dextran 255:272 acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) 255:289 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 0 32 theme Liver 142:146 arg1 Failure 148:154 Acute Liver Failure 136:154 Acute Liver Failure 136:154 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 6 33 theme developed 1125:1133 arg1 nanoformulation 1135:1149 this newly developed nanoformulation 1114:1149 this newly developed nanoformulation 1114:1149 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 0 34 theme Porous 36:41 arg1 Nanoparticles 51:63 Porous Silicon Nanoparticles 36:63 Porous Silicon Nanoparticles 36:63 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 1 35 theme @ 283:283 arg1 AcDEX 284:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 35 theme @ 283:283 arg1 dextran 266:272 acetalated dextran 255:272 acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) 255:289 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 0 36 theme Acute 136:140 arg1 Failure 148:154 Acute Liver Failure 136:154 Acute Liver Failure 136:154 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 1 37 theme computer 356:363 arg1 CT 377:378 CT 377:378 CT 377:378 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 37 theme computer 356:363 arg1 tomography 365:374 computer tomography 356:374 the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics 352:429 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 3 38 theme different 562:570 arg1 NPs 572:574 different NPs 562:574 different NPs 562:574 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 1 39 theme tomography 365:374 arg1 signal 381:386 the computer tomography (CT) signal 352:386 the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics 352:429 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 2 40 theme different 489:497 arg1 NPs 499:501 different NPs 489:501 different NPs 489:501 A microfluidic-assisted method is used to co-encapsulate different NPs in a single step. 29024054 5 41 dep precise 974:980 arg1 in 983:984 in 983:984 in 983:984 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 6 42 theme superior 1063:1070 arg1 effect 1082:1087 a superior treatment effect 1061:1087 a superior treatment effect 1061:1087 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 4 43 used used 794:797 arg2 system 780:785 This system 775:785 This system 775:785 This system can be used to identify pathologically changes in the tissues and selectively deliver drugs to these sites. 29024054 9 44 theme potential 1471:1479 arg1 platform 1493:1500 a potential theranostic platform 1469:1500 a potential theranostic platform for ALF 1469:1508 Altogether, these results support that this nanohybrid is a potential theranostic platform for ALF. 29024054 9 44 theme potential 1471:1479 arg1 nanohybrid 1455:1464 this nanohybrid 1450:1464 this nanohybrid 1450:1464 Altogether, these results support that this nanohybrid is a potential theranostic platform for ALF. 29024054 6 45 dep In 1037:1038 arg1 vivo 1040:1043 vivo 1040:1043 vivo 1040:1043 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 7 46 theme lesion 1225:1230 arg1 area 1232:1235 the lesion area 1221:1235 the lesion area 1221:1235 This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect. 29024054 5 47 theme drug 957:960 arg1 solubility 962:971 the drug solubility 953:971 the drug solubility 953:971 The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU-MP-1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug-functioning time. 29024054 7 48 theme drug 1264:1267 arg1 concentration 1269:1281 the local drug concentration 1254:1281 the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect 1254:1314 This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect. 29024054 6 49 theme free 1156:1159 arg1 compound 1161:1168 free compound 1156:1168 free compound 1156:1168 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 1 50 theme gold 222:225 arg1 nanoparticles 227:239 gold nanoparticles 222:239 gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) 222:248 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 50 theme gold 222:225 arg1 NPs 245:247 Au NPs 242:247 Au NPs 242:247 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 3 51 theme organic 617:623 arg1 phase 625:629 the organic phase 613:629 the organic phase 613:629 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 7 52 theme ALF 1297:1299 arg1 reverse-effect 1301:1314 ALF reverse-effect 1297:1314 ALF reverse-effect 1297:1314 This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect. 29024054 2 53 used used 466:469 arg2 method 456:461 A microfluidic-assisted method 432:461 A microfluidic-assisted method 432:461 A microfluidic-assisted method is used to co-encapsulate different NPs in a single step. 29024054 3 54 theme NPs 572:574 arg1 properties 548:557 the surface properties 536:557 the surface properties of different NPs 536:574 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 1 55 from nanohybrid based 186:201 arg1 AcDEX 284:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 DPSi/DAu@AcDEX 275:288 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 55 from nanohybrid based 186:201 arg1 silicon 213:219 porous silicon 206:219 porous silicon 206:219 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 55 from nanohybrid based 186:201 arg1 dextran 266:272 acetalated dextran 255:272 acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) 255:289 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 55 from nanohybrid based 186:201 arg1 NPs 245:247 Au NPs 242:247 Au NPs 242:247 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 55 from nanohybrid based 186:201 arg1 nanoparticles 227:239 gold nanoparticles 222:239 gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) 222:248 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 7 56 theme crucial 1195:1201 arg1 role 1203:1206 a crucial role 1193:1206 a crucial role 1193:1206 This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse-effect. 29024054 0 57 theme Gold 66:69 arg1 Nanoparticles 71:83 Gold Nanoparticles 66:83 Gold Nanoparticles 66:83 Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics. 29024054 3 58 theme Au 645:646 arg1 NPs 648:650 both PSi and Au NPs 632:650 NPs 648:650 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 3 59 theme multifunctional 746:760 arg1 application 762:772 a multifunctional application 744:772 a multifunctional application 744:772 By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. 29024054 6 60 theme In 1037:1038 arg1 results 1045:1051 In vivo results 1037:1051 In vivo results 1037:1051 In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. 29024054 1 61 theme Au 242:243 arg1 nanoparticles 227:239 gold nanoparticles 222:239 gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) 222:248 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 29024054 1 61 theme Au 242:243 arg1 NPs 245:247 Au NPs 242:247 Au NPs 242:247 Herein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute-liver-failure (ALF) theranostics. 26631139 7 0 theme powerful 1430:1437 arg1 protection 1439:1448 a powerful protection 1428:1448 a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes 1428:1494 Both Hsp15.8 and Hsp16 are able to bind to different lipids isolated from S. pombe, whose interaction might provide a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes. 26631139 5 1 theme accumulation 874:885 arg1 timing 854:859 The altered timing 842:859 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps 842:908 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 4 2 from different 677:685 arg1 type 695:698 wild type 690:698 wild type 690:698 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 4 2 from different 677:685 arg1 cells 757:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 1 3 theme heat 249:252 arg1 sHsps 270:274 sHsps 270:274 sHsps 270:274 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 3 theme heat 249:252 arg1 proteins 260:267 small heat shock proteins 243:267 small heat shock proteins (sHsps) 243:275 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 3 theme heat 249:252 arg1 molecules 225:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 0 4 theme lipids 57:62 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 0:125 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 3 5 theme stress 627:632 arg1 management 634:643 the thermal stress management 615:643 the thermal stress management 615:643 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 1 6 theme shock 254:258 arg1 sHsps 270:274 sHsps 270:274 sHsps 270:274 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 6 theme shock 254:258 arg1 proteins 260:267 small heat shock proteins 243:267 small heat shock proteins (sHsps) 243:275 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 6 theme shock 254:258 arg1 molecules 225:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 0 7 theme thermal 71:77 arg1 management 86:95 the thermal stress management 67:95 the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 67:124 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 0 8 from Involvement 0:10 arg1 management 86:95 the thermal stress management 67:95 the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 67:124 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 4 9 from cells 757:761 arg1 different 677:685 different 677:685 different 677:685 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 5 10 theme trehalose 864:872 arg1 accumulation 874:885 trehalose accumulation 864:885 trehalose accumulation 864:885 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 4 11 theme heat 650:653 arg1 different 677:685 different 677:685 different 677:685 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 4 11 theme heat 650:653 arg1 induction 655:663 The heat induction 646:663 The heat induction of sHsps 646:672 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 8 12 theme thermal 1609:1615 arg1 management 1624:1633 the thermal stress management 1605:1633 the thermal stress management in the fission yeast 1605:1654 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 1 13 theme heat 329:332 arg1 shock 334:338 heat shock 329:338 heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 329:367 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 14 from Changes 127:133 arg1 levels 142:147 the levels 138:147 the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, 138:299 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 4 15 theme tps1Δ 750:754 arg1 cells 757:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 6 16 theme lipid 1080:1084 arg1 compositions 1086:1097 The cellular lipid compositions 1067:1097 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1067:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 6 17 theme crucial 1245:1251 arg1 role 1253:1256 their crucial role 1239:1256 their crucial role 1239:1256 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 3 18 theme null 521:524 arg1 mutants 526:532 The shsp null mutants 512:532 The shsp null mutants 512:532 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 3 19 from importance 601:610 arg1 management 634:643 the thermal stress management 615:643 the thermal stress management 615:643 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 2 20 theme α-crystallin-type 375:391 arg1 sHsps 393:397 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps 370:397 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) 370:417 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 0 21 theme stress 79:84 arg1 management 86:95 the thermal stress management 67:95 the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 67:124 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 6 22 theme pombe 1149:1153 arg1 cells 1155:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 8 23 theme pivotal 1585:1591 arg1 role 1593:1596 a pivotal role 1583:1596 a pivotal role 1583:1596 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 7 24 theme different 1355:1363 arg1 lipids 1365:1370 different lipids 1355:1370 different lipids 1355:1370 Both Hsp15.8 and Hsp16 are able to bind to different lipids isolated from S. pombe, whose interaction might provide a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes. 26631139 4 25 from alteration 814:823 arg1 mutants 833:839 shsp mutants 828:839 shsp mutants 828:839 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 4 26 theme heat-sensitive 714:727 arg1 cells 757:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 5 27 theme altered 846:852 arg1 timing 854:859 The altered timing 842:859 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps 842:908 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 8 28 theme investigated 1533:1544 arg1 macromolecules 1563:1576 all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules 1519:1576 all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules 1519:1576 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 4 29 theme shsp 828:831 arg1 mutants 833:839 shsp mutants 828:839 shsp mutants 828:839 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 3 30 theme significant 554:564 arg1 sensitivity 572:582 a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity 542:582 a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management 542:643 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 0 31 theme heat 21:24 arg1 proteins 32:39 small heat shock proteins 15:39 small heat shock proteins 15:39 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 5 32 theme later 1054:1058 arg1 phase 1060:1064 the later phase 1050:1064 the later phase 1050:1064 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 5 33 theme elevated 1009:1016 arg1 sHsps 1028:1032 sHsps 1028:1032 sHsps 1028:1032 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 5 33 theme elevated 1009:1016 arg1 amount 1018:1023 elevated amount 1009:1023 elevated amount of sHsps 1009:1032 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 3 34 theme weak 544:547 arg1 sensitivity 572:582 a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity 542:582 a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management 542:643 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 6 35 theme adaptation 1216:1225 arg1 rule 1195:1198 the rule 1191:1198 the rule of homeoviscous adaptation 1191:1225 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 1 36 from shock 334:338 arg1 pombe 363:367 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 343:367 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 343:367 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 8 37 theme thermoprotectant 1546:1561 arg1 macromolecules 1563:1576 all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules 1519:1576 all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules 1519:1576 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 6 38 theme cells 1155:1159 arg1 compositions 1086:1097 The cellular lipid compositions 1067:1097 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1067:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 4 39 theme trehalose-deficient 729:747 arg1 cells 757:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells 707:761 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 1 40 theme different 188:196 arg1 lipids 293:298 lipids 293:298 lipids 293:298 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 40 theme different 188:196 arg1 molecules 225:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 40 theme different 188:196 arg1 trehalose 278:286 trehalose 278:286 trehalose 278:286 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 40 theme different 188:196 arg1 proteins 260:267 small heat shock proteins 243:267 small heat shock proteins (sHsps) 243:275 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 0 41 theme proteins 32:39 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 0:125 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 7 42 attach isolated 1372:1379 arg2 lipids 1365:1370 different lipids 1355:1370 different lipids 1355:1370 Both Hsp15.8 and Hsp16 are able to bind to different lipids isolated from S. pombe, whose interaction might provide a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes. 26631139 7 42 attach isolated 1372:1379 arg1 pombe 1389:1393 S. pombe 1386:1393 S. pombe 1386:1393 Both Hsp15.8 and Hsp16 are able to bind to different lipids isolated from S. pombe, whose interaction might provide a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes. 26631139 5 43 theme heat 991:994 arg1 stress 996:1001 the heat stress 987:1001 the heat stress 987:1001 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 1 44 theme important 198:206 arg1 lipids 293:298 lipids 293:298 lipids 293:298 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 44 theme important 198:206 arg1 molecules 225:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 44 theme important 198:206 arg1 trehalose 278:286 trehalose 278:286 trehalose 278:286 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 44 theme important 198:206 arg1 proteins 260:267 small heat shock proteins 243:267 small heat shock proteins (sHsps) 243:275 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 2 45 theme high-temperature 448:463 arg1 treatment 465:473 prolonged high-temperature treatment 438:473 prolonged high-temperature treatment 438:473 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 0 46 theme shock 26:30 arg1 proteins 32:39 small heat shock proteins 15:39 small heat shock proteins 15:39 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 3 47 theme thermal 619:625 arg1 management 634:643 the thermal stress management 615:643 the thermal stress management 615:643 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 2 48 dep sHsps 393:397 arg1 Hsp16 412:416 Hsp16 412:416 Hsp16 412:416 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 2 48 dep sHsps 393:397 arg1 Hsp15.8 400:406 Hsp15.8 400:406 Hsp15.8 400:406 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 1 49 theme thermoprotectant 208:223 arg1 lipids 293:298 lipids 293:298 lipids 293:298 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 49 theme thermoprotectant 208:223 arg1 molecules 225:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 49 theme thermoprotectant 208:223 arg1 trehalose 278:286 trehalose 278:286 trehalose 278:286 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 49 theme thermoprotectant 208:223 arg1 proteins 260:267 small heat shock proteins 243:267 small heat shock proteins (sHsps) 243:275 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 0 50 theme trehalose 42:50 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 0:125 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 2 51 theme different 484:492 arg1 profiles 502:509 different kinetic profiles 484:509 different kinetic profiles 484:509 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 4 52 theme significant 802:812 arg1 alteration 814:823 significant alteration 802:823 significant alteration in shsp mutants 802:839 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 8 53 from management 1624:1633 arg1 yeast 1650:1654 the fission yeast 1638:1654 the fission yeast 1638:1654 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 5 54 theme induction 891:899 arg1 timing 854:859 The altered timing 842:859 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps 842:908 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 7 55 theme heat-induced 1458:1469 arg1 damages 1471:1477 heat-induced damages 1458:1477 heat-induced damages of the membranes 1458:1494 Both Hsp15.8 and Hsp16 are able to bind to different lipids isolated from S. pombe, whose interaction might provide a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes. 26631139 6 56 theme homeoviscous 1203:1214 arg1 adaptation 1216:1225 homeoviscous adaptation 1203:1225 homeoviscous adaptation 1203:1225 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 6 57 theme temperature 1291:1301 arg1 changes 1303:1309 the environmental temperature changes 1273:1309 the environmental temperature changes 1273:1309 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 0 58 from management 86:95 arg1 pombe 120:124 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 100:124 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 100:124 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 3 59 theme heat 567:570 arg1 sensitivity 572:582 a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity 542:582 a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management 542:643 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 4 60 theme wild 690:693 arg1 type 695:698 wild type 690:698 wild type 690:698 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 8 61 theme stress 1617:1622 arg1 management 1624:1633 the thermal stress management 1605:1633 the thermal stress management in the fission yeast 1605:1654 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 4 62 theme trehalose 773:781 arg1 level 783:787 trehalose level 773:787 trehalose level 773:787 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 6 63 theme environmental 1277:1289 arg1 changes 1303:1309 the environmental temperature changes 1273:1309 the environmental temperature changes 1273:1309 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 5 64 theme early 972:976 arg1 stage 978:982 the early stage 968:982 the early stage of the heat stress 968:1001 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 5 65 theme stress 996:1001 arg1 stage 978:982 the early stage 968:982 the early stage of the heat stress 968:1001 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 5 66 theme sHsps 904:908 arg1 accumulation 874:885 trehalose accumulation 864:885 trehalose accumulation 864:885 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 5 66 theme sHsps 904:908 arg1 induction 891:899 induction 891:899 induction of sHsps 891:908 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 6 67 theme temperature-adapted 1116:1134 arg1 cells 1155:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 1 68 theme molecules 225:233 arg1 levels 142:147 the levels 138:147 the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, 138:299 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 5 69 theme sHsps 1028:1032 arg1 sHsps 1028:1032 sHsps 1028:1032 sHsps 1028:1032 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 5 69 theme sHsps 1028:1032 arg1 amount 1018:1023 elevated amount 1009:1023 elevated amount of sHsps 1009:1032 The altered timing of trehalose accumulation and induction of sHsps suggest that the disaccharide might provide protection at the early stage of the heat stress while elevated amount of sHsps are required at the later phase. 26631139 4 70 theme sHsps 668:672 arg1 different 677:685 different 677:685 different 677:685 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 4 70 theme sHsps 668:672 arg1 induction 655:663 The heat induction 646:663 The heat induction of sHsps 646:672 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 4 71 from type 695:698 arg1 different 677:685 different 677:685 different 677:685 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 4 71 from type 695:698 arg1 induction 655:663 The heat induction 646:663 The heat induction of sHsps 646:672 The heat induction of sHsps is different in wild type and in highly heat-sensitive trehalose-deficient (tps1Δ) cells; however, trehalose level did not show significant alteration in shsp mutants. 26631139 2 72 theme kinetic 494:500 arg1 profiles 502:509 different kinetic profiles 484:509 different kinetic profiles 484:509 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 7 73 theme membranes 1486:1494 arg1 damages 1471:1477 heat-induced damages 1458:1477 heat-induced damages of the membranes 1458:1494 Both Hsp15.8 and Hsp16 are able to bind to different lipids isolated from S. pombe, whose interaction might provide a powerful protection against heat-induced damages of the membranes. 26631139 6 74 theme cellular 1071:1078 arg1 compositions 1086:1097 The cellular lipid compositions 1067:1097 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1067:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 8 75 theme fission 1642:1648 arg1 yeast 1650:1654 the fission yeast 1638:1654 the fission yeast 1638:1654 Our data suggest that all the three investigated thermoprotectant macromolecules play a pivotal role during the thermal stress management in the fission yeast. 26631139 6 76 theme wild-type 1136:1144 arg1 cells 1155:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 2 77 theme prolonged 438:446 arg1 treatment 465:473 prolonged high-temperature treatment 438:473 prolonged high-temperature treatment 438:473 Both α-crystallin-type sHsps (Hsp15.8 and Hsp16) were induced after prolonged high-temperature treatment but with different kinetic profiles. 26631139 6 78 theme different 1106:1114 arg1 cells 1155:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells 1102:1159 The cellular lipid compositions of two different temperature-adapted wild-type S. pombe cells are also altered according to the rule of homeoviscous adaptation, indicating their crucial role in adapting to the environmental temperature changes. 26631139 0 79 theme small 15:19 arg1 proteins 32:39 small heat shock proteins 15:39 small heat shock proteins 15:39 Involvement of small heat shock proteins, trehalose, and lipids in the thermal stress management in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 3 80 theme shsp 516:519 arg1 mutants 526:532 The shsp null mutants 512:532 The shsp null mutants 512:532 The shsp null mutants display a weak, but significant, heat sensitivity indicating their importance in the thermal stress management. 26631139 1 81 theme small 243:247 arg1 sHsps 270:274 sHsps 270:274 sHsps 270:274 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 81 theme small 243:247 arg1 proteins 260:267 small heat shock proteins 243:267 small heat shock proteins (sHsps) 243:275 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 26631139 1 81 theme small 243:247 arg1 molecules 225:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules 152:233 Changes in the levels of three structurally and functionally different important thermoprotectant molecules, namely small heat shock proteins (sHsps), trehalose, and lipids, have been investigated upon heat shock in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 28285219 2 0 theme specific 437:444 arg1 area 454:457 the specific surface area 433:457 the specific surface area 433:457 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 0 1 from presoaking 14:23 arg1 structure 114:122 structure 114:122 structure 114:122 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 1 from presoaking 14:23 arg1 digestibility 129:141 digestibility 129:141 digestibility 129:141 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 1 from presoaking 14:23 arg1 composition 101:111 corn stover composition 89:111 corn stover composition 89:111 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 1 2 theme corn 243:246 arg1 stover 248:253 corn stover 243:253 corn stover 243:253 An efficient strategy was developed in current work for biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides. 28285219 5 3 theme enzyme 1039:1044 arg1 loading 1046:1052 a moderate enzyme loading 1028:1052 a moderate enzyme loading 1028:1052 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 5 4 theme increased 955:963 arg1 accessibility 965:977 increased accessibility 955:977 increased accessibility 955:977 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 1 5 theme efficient 147:155 arg1 strategy 157:164 An efficient strategy 144:164 An efficient strategy 144:164 An efficient strategy was developed in current work for biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides. 28285219 1 6 theme stover 248:253 arg1 carbohydrates 226:238 carbohydrates 226:238 carbohydrates of corn stover 226:253 An efficient strategy was developed in current work for biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides. 28285219 0 7 theme corn 89:92 arg1 composition 101:111 corn stover composition 89:111 corn stover composition 89:111 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 3 8 theme 0.2 596:598 arg1 % 599:599 % 599:599 % 599:599 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 3 9 theme presoaked 490:498 arg1 solids 500:505 the presoaked solids 486:505 the presoaked solids 486:505 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 3 10 theme maximum 645:651 arg1 % 718:718 98.6% 714:718 98.6% 714:718 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 3 10 theme maximum 645:651 arg1 yield 665:669 the maximum total sugar yield 641:669 the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved 641:708 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 4 11 theme two-step 779:786 arg1 process 788:794 this two-step process 774:794 this two-step process 774:794 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 4 12 theme regenerated 857:867 arg1 solids 869:874 the regenerated solids 853:874 the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose 853:913 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 3 13 theme total 653:657 arg1 % 718:718 98.6% 714:718 98.6% 714:718 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 3 13 theme total 653:657 arg1 yield 665:669 the maximum total sugar yield 641:669 the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved 641:708 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 4 14 theme stover 750:755 arg1 structure 732:740 The intact structure 721:740 The intact structure of corn stover 721:755 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 2 15 theme Corn 277:280 arg1 stover 282:287 Corn stover 277:287 Corn stover 277:287 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 0 16 theme stover 94:99 arg1 composition 101:111 corn stover composition 89:111 corn stover composition 89:111 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 17 from pretreatment 40:51 arg1 structure 114:122 structure 114:122 structure 114:122 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 17 from pretreatment 40:51 arg1 digestibility 129:141 digestibility 129:141 digestibility 129:141 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 17 from pretreatment 40:51 arg1 composition 101:111 corn stover composition 89:111 corn stover composition 89:111 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 4 18 theme corn 745:748 arg1 stover 750:755 corn stover 745:755 corn stover 745:755 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 0 19 theme alkaline 5:12 arg1 presoaking 14:23 Mild alkaline presoaking 0:23 Mild alkaline presoaking 0:23 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 2 20 theme mild 312:315 arg1 Na2S 339:342 1% Na2S 336:342 1% Na2S 336:342 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 2 20 theme mild 312:315 arg1 solution 326:333 mild alkaline solution 312:333 mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) 312:343 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 5 21 theme digestible 1014:1023 arg1 solids 1000:1005 the regenerated solids 984:1005 the regenerated solids highly digestible 984:1023 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 0 22 theme Mild 0:3 arg1 presoaking 14:23 Mild alkaline presoaking 0:23 Mild alkaline presoaking 0:23 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 3 23 theme organosolv 525:534 arg1 pretreatment 536:547 organosolv pretreatment 525:547 organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min 525:634 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 4 24 theme porous 817:822 arg1 structure 840:848 a porous but crystalline structure 815:848 a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose 815:913 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 5 25 theme surface 938:944 arg1 area 946:949 The enlarged specific surface area 916:949 The enlarged specific surface area 916:949 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 1 26 theme current 183:189 arg1 work 191:194 current work 183:194 current work 183:194 An efficient strategy was developed in current work for biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides. 28285219 3 27 theme sugar 659:663 arg1 % 718:718 98.6% 714:718 98.6% 714:718 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 3 27 theme sugar 659:663 arg1 yield 665:669 the maximum total sugar yield 641:669 the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved 641:708 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 0 28 from impacts 78:84 arg1 structure 114:122 structure 114:122 structure 114:122 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 28 from impacts 78:84 arg1 digestibility 129:141 digestibility 129:141 digestibility 129:141 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 28 from impacts 78:84 arg1 composition 101:111 corn stover composition 89:111 corn stover composition 89:111 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 2 29 theme % 337:337 arg1 Na2S 339:342 1% Na2S 336:342 1% Na2S 336:342 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 2 29 theme % 337:337 arg1 solution 326:333 mild alkaline solution 312:333 mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) 312:343 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 3 30 from 160°C 620:624 arg1 catalyst 608:615 catalyst 608:615 catalyst at 160°C for 20min 608:634 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 4 31 theme crystalline 828:838 arg1 structure 840:848 a porous but crystalline structure 815:848 a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose 815:913 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 3 32 theme % 599:599 arg1 HCl 601:603 0.2% HCl 596:603 0.2% HCl 596:603 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 4 33 theme intact 725:730 arg1 structure 732:740 The intact structure 721:740 The intact structure of corn stover 721:755 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 0 34 theme organosolv 29:38 arg1 pretreatment 40:51 organosolv pretreatment 29:51 organosolv pretreatment 29:51 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 3 35 theme stover 694:699 arg1 % 718:718 98.6% 714:718 98.6% 714:718 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 3 35 theme stover 694:699 arg1 yield 665:669 the maximum total sugar yield 641:669 the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved 641:708 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 5 36 theme regenerated 988:998 arg1 solids 1000:1005 the regenerated solids 984:1005 the regenerated solids highly digestible 984:1023 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 3 37 theme 20 563:564 arg1 % 565:565 % 565:565 % 565:565 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 1 38 theme biochemical 200:210 arg1 conversion 212:221 biochemical conversion 200:221 biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides 200:274 An efficient strategy was developed in current work for biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides. 28285219 0 39 theme corn 56:59 arg1 stover 61:66 corn stover 56:66 corn stover 56:66 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 40 theme stover 61:66 arg1 presoaking 14:23 Mild alkaline presoaking 0:23 Mild alkaline presoaking 0:23 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 40 theme stover 61:66 arg1 pretreatment 40:51 organosolv pretreatment 29:51 organosolv pretreatment 29:51 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 0 40 theme stover 61:66 arg1 impacts 78:84 their impacts 72:84 their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility 72:141 Mild alkaline presoaking and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover and their impacts on corn stover composition, structure, and digestibility. 28285219 5 41 theme specific 929:936 arg1 area 946:949 The enlarged specific surface area 916:949 The enlarged specific surface area 916:949 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 3 42 theme pretreated 678:687 arg1 stover 694:699 the pretreated corn stover 674:699 the pretreated corn stover achieved 674:708 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 4 43 theme solids 869:874 arg1 structure 840:848 a porous but crystalline structure 815:848 a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose 815:913 The intact structure of corn stover was disrupted by this two-step process, which resulted in a porous but crystalline structure of the regenerated solids that were mainly composed of cellulose. 28285219 3 44 theme corn 689:692 arg1 stover 694:699 the pretreated corn stover 674:699 the pretreated corn stover achieved 674:708 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 5 45 theme enlarged 920:927 arg1 area 946:949 The enlarged specific surface area 916:949 The enlarged specific surface area 916:949 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 3 46 theme HCl 601:603 arg1 addition 584:591 an addition 581:591 an addition of 0.2% HCl 581:603 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 2 47 theme alkaline 317:324 arg1 Na2S 339:342 1% Na2S 336:342 1% Na2S 336:342 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 2 47 theme alkaline 317:324 arg1 solution 326:333 mild alkaline solution 312:333 mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) 312:343 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 3 48 theme % 565:565 arg1 methanol 567:574 20% methanol 563:574 20% methanol 563:574 Then the presoaked solids were subjected to organosolv pretreatment that employed 20% methanol with an addition of 0.2% HCl as catalyst at 160°C for 20min, and the maximum total sugar yield of the pretreated corn stover achieved was 98.6%. 28285219 1 49 theme carbohydrates 226:238 arg1 conversion 212:221 biochemical conversion 200:221 biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides 200:274 An efficient strategy was developed in current work for biochemical conversion of carbohydrates of corn stover into monosaccharides. 28285219 2 50 theme surface 446:452 arg1 area 454:457 the specific surface area 433:457 the specific surface area 433:457 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 5 51 theme moderate 1030:1037 arg1 loading 1046:1052 a moderate enzyme loading 1028:1052 a moderate enzyme loading 1028:1052 The enlarged specific surface area and increased accessibility made the regenerated solids highly digestible by a moderate enzyme loading. 28285219 2 52 theme lignin 395:400 arg1 % 386:386 about 35.3% 376:386 about 35.3% of the lignin 376:400 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 28285219 2 52 theme lignin 395:400 arg1 lignin 395:400 the lignin 391:400 the lignin 391:400 Corn stover was first presoaked in mild alkaline solution (1% Na2S) under 40°C for 4h, after which about 35.3% of the lignin was successfully removed while the specific surface area was notably enlarged. 29098871 6 0 theme rat 857:859 arg1 skin 871:874 rat abdominal skin 857:874 rat abdominal skin mounted in Franz cell 857:896 In addition, drug release and permeation through rat abdominal skin mounted in Franz cell were investigated. 29098871 10 1 theme obtained 1530:1537 arg1 results 1539:1545 The obtained results 1526:1545 The obtained results 1526:1545 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 8 2 theme 14.00 ± 0.001 cm 1344:1359 arg1 h-1 1361:1363 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 1344:1363 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 1344:1363 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 5 3 theme weight 719:724 arg1 uniformity 726:735 weight uniformity 719:735 weight uniformity 719:735 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 4 4 theme Propylene 517:525 arg1 PG 535:536 PG 535:536 PG 535:536 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 4 theme Propylene 517:525 arg1 glycol 527:532 Propylene glycol 517:532 Propylene glycol (PG) 517:537 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 4 theme Propylene 517:525 arg1 plasticizer 551:561 plasticizer 551:561 plasticizer 551:561 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 7 5 theme used 1058:1061 arg1 drug 1063:1066 the used drug 1054:1066 the used drug 1054:1066 All formulations were found to be suitable in terms of physicochemical characteristics, and there was no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers. 29098871 8 6 theme release 1163:1169 arg1 pattern 1171:1177 a satisfactory drug release pattern 1143:1177 a satisfactory drug release pattern 1143:1177 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 1 7 theme antiasthmatic 264:276 arg1 drugs 278:282 antiasthmatic drugs 264:282 antiasthmatic drugs 264:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 0 8 theme permeation 118:127 arg1 studies 129:135 permeation studies 118:135 permeation studies 118:135 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 8 9 theme satisfactory 1145:1156 arg1 pattern 1171:1177 a satisfactory drug release pattern 1143:1177 a satisfactory drug release pattern 1143:1177 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 9 10 theme release 1453:1459 arg1 profile 1461:1467 controlled release profile 1442:1467 controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998) 1442:1523 The in-vitro analysis showed controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998). 29098871 3 11 theme PEC 419:421 arg1 compositions 423:434 variable PEC compositions 410:434 variable PEC compositions 410:434 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 4 12 used used 543:546 arg2 plasticizer 551:561 plasticizer 551:561 plasticizer 551:561 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 12 used used 543:546 arg2 glycol 527:532 Propylene glycol 517:532 Propylene glycol (PG) 517:537 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 12 used used 543:546 arg2 PG 535:536 PG 535:536 PG 535:536 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 10 13 theme new 1562:1564 arg1 formulations 1597:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations 1562:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs 1562:1627 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 10 13 theme new 1562:1564 arg1 alternative 1662:1672 an alternative 1659:1672 an alternative to the common forms 1659:1692 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 2 14 theme complex 319:325 arg1 films 333:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 14 theme complex 319:325 arg1 regulators 365:374 drug release regulators 352:374 drug release regulators 352:374 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 5 15 theme absorption 796:805 arg1 terms 710:714 terms 710:714 terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption 710:805 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 8 16 theme drug 1205:1208 arg1 drug 1205:1208 drug 1205:1208 drug 1205:1208 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 16 theme drug 1205:1208 arg1 % 1200:1200 99.88% 1195:1200 99.88% of drug 1195:1208 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 2 17 theme polyelectrolyte 303:317 arg1 complex 319:325 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex 285:325 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 17 theme polyelectrolyte 303:317 arg1 PEC 328:330 PEC 328:330 PEC 328:330 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 4 18 theme permeability 610:621 arg1 enhancers 623:631 permeability enhancers 610:631 permeability enhancers 610:631 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 18 theme permeability 610:621 arg1 Tween 564:568 Tween 564:568 Tween 564:568 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 18 theme permeability 610:621 arg1 Span 583:586 Span 20 583:589 Span 20 (S20) 583:595 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 1 19 theme suitable 179:186 arg1 systems 226:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems 179:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs 179:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 6 20 theme drug 821:824 arg1 release 826:832 drug release 821:832 drug release 821:832 In addition, drug release and permeation through rat abdominal skin mounted in Franz cell were investigated. 29098871 2 21 used used 344:347 arg2 films 333:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 21 used used 344:347 arg2 regulators 365:374 drug release regulators 352:374 drug release regulators 352:374 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 22 theme Chitosan-alginate 285:301 arg1 complex 319:325 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex 285:325 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 22 theme Chitosan-alginate 285:301 arg1 PEC 328:330 PEC 328:330 PEC 328:330 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 1 23 theme matrix-type 188:198 arg1 systems 226:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems 179:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs 179:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 5 24 theme folding 749:755 arg1 endurance 757:765 folding endurance 749:765 folding endurance 749:765 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 1 25 theme transdermal 200:210 arg1 systems 226:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems 179:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs 179:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 3 26 theme variable 410:417 arg1 compositions 423:434 variable PEC compositions 410:434 variable PEC compositions 410:434 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 7 27 theme significant 1022:1032 arg1 interaction 1034:1044 no significant interaction 1019:1044 no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers 1019:1079 All formulations were found to be suitable in terms of physicochemical characteristics, and there was no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers. 29098871 10 28 theme drugs 1623:1627 arg1 formulations 1597:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations 1562:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs 1562:1627 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 10 28 theme drugs 1623:1627 arg1 alternative 1662:1672 an alternative 1659:1672 an alternative to the common forms 1659:1692 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 3 29 with films 399:403 arg1 compositions 423:434 variable PEC compositions 410:434 variable PEC compositions 410:434 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 1 30 theme drug 212:215 arg1 systems 226:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems 179:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs 179:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 0 31 theme transdermal 25:35 arg1 films 37:41 antihistaminic transdermal films 10:41 antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes 10:94 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 5 32 theme endurance 757:765 arg1 terms 710:714 terms 710:714 terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption 710:805 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 8 33 theme permeation 1122:1131 arg1 enhancer 1133:1140 permeation enhancer 1122:1140 permeation enhancer 1122:1140 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 33 theme permeation 1122:1131 arg1 T20 1107:1109 T20 1107:1109 T20 1107:1109 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 5 34 theme thickness 738:746 arg1 terms 710:714 terms 710:714 terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption 710:805 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 1 35 theme delivery 217:224 arg1 systems 226:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems 179:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs 179:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 0 36 theme antihistaminic 10:23 arg1 films 37:41 antihistaminic transdermal films 10:41 antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes 10:94 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 10 37 theme controlled 1566:1575 arg1 formulations 1597:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations 1562:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs 1562:1627 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 10 37 theme controlled 1566:1575 arg1 alternative 1662:1672 an alternative 1659:1672 an alternative to the common forms 1659:1692 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 8 38 theme h-1 1361:1363 arg1 time 1379:1382 a latency time 1369:1382 a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h 1369:1399 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 38 theme h-1 1361:1363 arg1 coefficient 1329:1339 a permeability coefficient 1314:1339 a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 1314:1363 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 9 39 theme controlled 1442:1451 arg1 profile 1461:1467 controlled release profile 1442:1467 controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998) 1442:1523 The in-vitro analysis showed controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998). 29098871 10 40 theme common 1681:1686 arg1 forms 1688:1692 the common forms 1677:1692 the common forms 1677:1692 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 9 41 theme in-vitro 1417:1424 arg1 analysis 1426:1433 The in-vitro analysis 1413:1433 The in-vitro analysis 1413:1433 The in-vitro analysis showed controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998). 29098871 5 42 theme uniformity 726:735 arg1 terms 710:714 terms 710:714 terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption 710:805 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 7 43 from suitable 951:958 arg1 terms 963:967 terms 963:967 terms of physicochemical characteristics 963:1002 All formulations were found to be suitable in terms of physicochemical characteristics, and there was no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers. 29098871 8 44 theme optimal 1293:1299 arg1 formulation 1301:1311 the optimal formulation 1289:1311 the optimal formulation 1289:1311 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 3 45 theme different 456:464 arg1 ratios 466:471 different ratios 456:471 different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG) 456:514 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 3 45 theme different 456:464 arg1 CTS 486:488 CTS 486:488 CTS 486:488 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 3 46 theme chitosan 476:483 arg1 ratios 466:471 different ratios 456:471 different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG) 456:514 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 3 46 theme chitosan 476:483 arg1 CTS 486:488 CTS 486:488 CTS 486:488 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 0 47 theme films 37:41 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 0:136 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 6 48 theme Franz 887:891 arg1 cell 893:896 Franz cell 887:896 Franz cell 887:896 In addition, drug release and permeation through rat abdominal skin mounted in Franz cell were investigated. 29098871 5 49 theme film 669:672 arg1 method 682:687 film casting method 669:687 film casting method 669:687 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 3 50 theme Antihistaminic 384:397 arg1 films 399:403 Antihistaminic films 384:403 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions 384:434 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 1 51 theme Ketotifen 237:245 arg1 KF 257:258 KF 257:258 KF 257:258 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 1 51 theme Ketotifen 237:245 arg1 fumarate 247:254 Ketotifen fumarate 237:254 Ketotifen fumarate (KF) 237:259 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 0 52 theme alginate-chitosan 52:68 arg1 complexes 86:94 alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes 52:94 alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes 52:94 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 5 53 theme casting 674:680 arg1 method 682:687 film casting method 669:687 film casting method 669:687 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 7 54 theme physicochemical 972:986 arg1 characteristics 988:1002 physicochemical characteristics 972:1002 physicochemical characteristics 972:1002 All formulations were found to be suitable in terms of physicochemical characteristics, and there was no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers. 29098871 2 55 theme release 357:363 arg1 films 333:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 55 theme release 357:363 arg1 regulators 365:374 drug release regulators 352:374 drug release regulators 352:374 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 8 56 used used 1114:1117 arg2 T20 1107:1109 T20 1107:1109 T20 1107:1109 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 56 used used 1114:1117 arg2 enhancer 1133:1140 permeation enhancer 1122:1140 permeation enhancer 1122:1140 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 7 57 theme characteristics 988:1002 arg1 terms 963:967 terms 963:967 terms of physicochemical characteristics 963:1002 All formulations were found to be suitable in terms of physicochemical characteristics, and there was no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers. 29098871 2 58 theme drug 352:355 arg1 films 333:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films 285:337 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 2 58 theme drug 352:355 arg1 regulators 365:374 drug release regulators 352:374 drug release regulators 352:374 Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films were used as drug release regulators for KF. 29098871 8 59 theme latency 1371:1377 arg1 time 1379:1382 a latency time 1369:1382 a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h 1369:1399 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 60 theme permeability 1316:1327 arg1 coefficient 1329:1339 a permeability coefficient 1314:1339 a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 1314:1363 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 4 61 used used 602:605 arg2 Span 583:586 Span 20 583:589 Span 20 (S20) 583:595 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 61 used used 602:605 arg2 enhancers 623:631 permeability enhancers 610:631 permeability enhancers 610:631 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 61 used used 602:605 arg2 T80 574:576 T80 574:576 T80 574:576 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 61 used used 602:605 arg2 Tween 564:568 Tween 564:568 Tween 564:568 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 4 61 used used 602:605 arg2 S20 592:594 S20 592:594 S20 592:594 Propylene glycol (PG) was used as plasticizer; Tween 80 (T80) and Span 20 (S20) were used as permeability enhancers. 29098871 9 62 theme Korsmeyer-Peppas 1489:1504 arg1 R2 = 0.998 1513:1522 R2 = 0.998 1513:1522 R2 = 0.998 1513:1522 The in-vitro analysis showed controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998). 29098871 9 62 theme Korsmeyer-Peppas 1489:1504 arg1 model 1506:1510 Korsmeyer-Peppas model 1489:1510 Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998) 1489:1523 The in-vitro analysis showed controlled release profile which was fitted by Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.998). 29098871 1 63 theme fumarate 247:254 arg1 systems 226:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems 179:232 suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs 179:282 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 8 64 theme KF 1256:1257 arg1 2.121 mg/cm2 1240:1251 2.121 mg/cm2 1240:1251 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF 1240:1257 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 65 theme 0.35 ± 0.02 h 1387:1399 arg1 time 1379:1382 a latency time 1369:1382 a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h 1369:1399 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 65 theme 0.35 ± 0.02 h 1387:1399 arg1 coefficient 1329:1339 a permeability coefficient 1314:1339 a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 1314:1363 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 5 66 theme moisture 768:775 arg1 terms 710:714 terms 710:714 terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption 710:805 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 10 67 theme transdermal 1585:1595 arg1 formulations 1597:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations 1562:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs 1562:1627 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 10 67 theme transdermal 1585:1595 arg1 alternative 1662:1672 an alternative 1659:1672 an alternative to the common forms 1659:1692 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 3 68 theme sodium 494:499 arg1 alginate 501:508 sodium alginate 494:508 sodium alginate (ALG) 494:514 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 3 68 theme sodium 494:499 arg1 ALG 511:513 ALG 511:513 ALG 511:513 Antihistaminic films with variable PEC compositions were prepared using different ratios of chitosan (CTS) to sodium alginate (ALG). 29098871 8 69 theme 2.121 mg/cm2 1240:1251 arg1 2.121 mg/cm2 1240:1251 2.121 mg/cm2 1240:1251 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF 1240:1257 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 8 69 theme 2.121 mg/cm2 1240:1251 arg1 amount 1230:1235 an amount 1227:1235 an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF 1227:1257 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 5 70 theme moisture 787:794 arg1 absorption 796:805 moisture absorption 787:805 moisture absorption 787:805 Nine formulations were obtained by film casting method and characterized in terms of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture lost, and moisture absorption. 29098871 10 71 theme asthmatic 1613:1621 arg1 drugs 1623:1627 asthmatic drugs 1613:1627 asthmatic drugs 1613:1627 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 1 72 theme study 158:162 arg1 purpose 142:148 The purpose 138:148 The purpose of this study 138:162 The purpose of this study was to develop suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery systems of Ketotifen fumarate (KF) as antiasthmatic drugs. 29098871 8 73 theme drug 1158:1161 arg1 pattern 1171:1177 a satisfactory drug release pattern 1143:1177 a satisfactory drug release pattern 1143:1177 It was noticed that when T20 is used as permeation enhancer, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.88% of drug was released and an amount of 2.121 mg/cm2 of KF was permeated after 24 h. For the optimal formulation, a permeability coefficient of 14.00 ± 0.001 cm h-1 and a latency time of 0.35 ± 0.02 h were found. 29098871 10 74 theme release 1577:1583 arg1 formulations 1597:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations 1562:1608 new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs 1562:1627 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 10 74 theme release 1577:1583 arg1 alternative 1662:1672 an alternative 1659:1672 an alternative to the common forms 1659:1692 The obtained results suggested that new controlled release transdermal formulations of asthmatic drugs could be suitably designed as an alternative to the common forms. 29098871 0 75 theme polyelectrolyte 70:84 arg1 complexes 86:94 alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes 52:94 alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes 52:94 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 6 76 theme abdominal 861:869 arg1 skin 871:874 rat abdominal skin 857:874 rat abdominal skin mounted in Franz cell 857:896 In addition, drug release and permeation through rat abdominal skin mounted in Franz cell were investigated. 29098871 0 77 dep Design 0:5 arg1 characterization 97:112 characterization 97:112 characterization 97:112 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 0 77 dep Design 0:5 arg1 studies 129:135 permeation studies 118:135 permeation studies 118:135 Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. 29098871 7 78 from terms 963:967 arg1 suitable 951:958 suitable 951:958 suitable 951:958 All formulations were found to be suitable in terms of physicochemical characteristics, and there was no significant interaction between the used drug and polymers. 24532295 3 0 theme changes 288:294 arg1 vivacity 233:240 the vivacity 229:240 the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture 229:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 2 1 theme oxidative 104:112 arg1 stress 114:119 selenium-induced oxidative stress 87:119 selenium-induced oxidative stress 87:119 under selenium-induced oxidative stress. 24532295 7 2 theme degradation 850:860 arg1 changes 862:868 degradation changes 850:868 degradation changes 850:868 In the other cases, degradation changes appeared in the protoplasm and the thickness of the cell wall did not increase. 24532295 8 3 theme compounds 1192:1200 arg1 toxicity 1174:1181 the toxicity 1170:1181 the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells 1170:1218 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 4 4 theme Selol 507:511 arg1 selenite 411:418 sodium selenite 404:418 sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) 404:428 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 4 theme Selol 507:511 arg1 mixture 484:490 a mixture 482:490 a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol 482:511 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 4 theme Selol 507:511 arg1 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 4 theme Selol 507:511 arg1 Selol 431:435 Selol 431:435 Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) 431:476 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 8 5 theme various 997:1003 arg1 sources 1005:1011 various sources 997:1011 various sources of selenium in the culture medium 997:1045 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 2 6 theme selenium-induced 87:102 arg1 stress 114:119 selenium-induced oxidative stress 87:119 selenium-induced oxidative stress 87:119 under selenium-induced oxidative stress. 24532295 7 7 theme other 837:841 arg1 cases 843:847 the other cases 833:847 the other cases 833:847 In the other cases, degradation changes appeared in the protoplasm and the thickness of the cell wall did not increase. 24532295 8 8 theme selenium 1016:1023 arg1 sources 1005:1011 various sources 997:1011 various sources of selenium in the culture medium 997:1045 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 4 9 theme kg⁻¹ 455:458 arg1 Se 460:461 with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se 438:461 with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se 438:461 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 6 10 theme cell 697:700 arg1 ultrastructure 702:715 the cell ultrastructure 693:715 the cell ultrastructure 693:715 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 3 11 theme selenium 193:200 arg1 forms 184:188 various forms 176:188 various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) 176:224 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 5 12 theme mycelium 529:536 arg1 Samples 514:520 Samples 514:520 Samples of the mycelium 514:536 Samples of the mycelium were collected on day 3 and day 24 of the incubation and viewed under an electron microscope. 24532295 6 13 theme wall 767:770 arg1 thickening 744:753 the thickening 740:753 the thickening 740:753 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 8 14 theme polysaccharides 1067:1081 arg1 formation 1054:1062 the formation 1050:1062 the formation of polysaccharides 1050:1081 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 6 15 theme cell 762:765 arg1 wall 767:770 the cell wall 758:770 the cell wall 758:770 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 4 16 dep Selol 431:435 arg1 Se 460:461 with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se 438:461 with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se 438:461 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 3 17 theme various 176:182 arg1 forms 184:188 various forms 176:188 various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) 176:224 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 0 18 theme Ultrastructural 0:14 arg1 changes 16:22 Ultrastructural changes 0:22 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum 0:60 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) 24532295 3 19 from BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 study 141:145 this study 136:145 this study 136:145 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 3 20 theme forms 184:188 arg1 influence 163:171 the influence 159:171 the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture 159:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 5 21 theme incubation 580:589 arg1 day 556:558 day 3 556:560 day 3 556:560 Samples of the mycelium were collected on day 3 and day 24 of the incubation and viewed under an electron microscope. 24532295 5 21 theme incubation 580:589 arg1 day 566:568 day 24 566:571 day 24 566:571 Samples of the mycelium were collected on day 3 and day 24 of the incubation and viewed under an electron microscope. 24532295 0 22 from changes 16:22 arg1 mycelium 31:38 the mycelium 27:38 the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum 27:60 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) 24532295 3 23 theme submerged 351:359 arg1 culture 361:367 submerged culture 351:367 submerged culture 351:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 8 24 theme degraded 1290:1297 arg1 cells 1306:1310 degraded fungal cells 1290:1310 degraded fungal cells 1290:1310 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 8 25 from differences 1155:1165 arg1 toxicity 1174:1181 the toxicity 1170:1181 the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells 1170:1218 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 8 25 from differences 1155:1165 arg1 composition 1139:1149 their chemical composition 1124:1149 their chemical composition 1124:1149 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 0 26 dep Bull. 63:67 arg1 Fr 70:71 Fr 70:71 Fr. 70:72 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) 24532295 3 27 dep BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 examined 150:157 examined 150:157 examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture 150:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 4 28 theme Na₂SeO₃ 495:501 arg1 selenite 411:418 sodium selenite 404:418 sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) 404:428 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 28 theme Na₂SeO₃ 495:501 arg1 mixture 484:490 a mixture 482:490 a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol 482:511 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 28 theme Na₂SeO₃ 495:501 arg1 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 28 theme Na₂SeO₃ 495:501 arg1 Selol 431:435 Selol 431:435 Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) 431:476 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 3 29 theme Hericium 245:252 arg1 mycelium 264:271 Hericium erinaceum mycelium 245:271 Hericium erinaceum mycelium 245:271 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 8 30 from sources 1005:1011 arg1 medium 1040:1045 the culture medium 1028:1045 the culture medium 1028:1045 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 5 31 theme electron 611:618 arg1 microscope 620:629 an electron microscope 608:629 an electron microscope 608:629 Samples of the mycelium were collected on day 3 and day 24 of the incubation and viewed under an electron microscope. 24532295 8 32 theme fungal 1299:1304 arg1 cells 1306:1310 degraded fungal cells 1290:1310 degraded fungal cells 1290:1310 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 8 33 dep CONCLUSION 950:959 arg1 results 1092:1098 results 1092:1098 results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells 1092:1218 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 8 33 dep CONCLUSION 950:959 arg1 connected 1233:1241 connected 1233:1241 is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells 1225:1310 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 7 34 theme wall 927:930 arg1 thickness 905:913 the thickness 901:913 the thickness of the cell wall 901:930 In the other cases, degradation changes appeared in the protoplasm and the thickness of the cell wall did not increase. 24532295 3 35 from development 336:346 arg1 culture 361:367 submerged culture 351:367 submerged culture 351:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 8 36 from differences 1109:1119 arg1 toxicity 1174:1181 the toxicity 1170:1181 the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells 1170:1218 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 8 36 from differences 1109:1119 arg1 composition 1139:1149 their chemical composition 1124:1149 their chemical composition 1124:1149 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 8 37 theme chemical 1130:1137 arg1 composition 1139:1149 their chemical composition 1124:1149 their chemical composition 1124:1149 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 0 38 theme erinaceum 52:60 arg1 mycelium 31:38 the mycelium 27:38 the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum 27:60 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) 24532295 8 39 theme effect 979:984 arg1 nature 965:970 The nature 961:970 The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides 961:1081 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 3 40 from influence 163:171 arg1 vivacity 233:240 the vivacity 229:240 the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture 229:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 0 41 theme Hericium 43:50 arg1 erinaceum 52:60 Hericium erinaceum 43:60 Hericium erinaceum 43:60 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) 24532295 6 42 theme polysaccharide 803:816 arg1 production 818:827 polysaccharide production 803:827 polysaccharide production 803:827 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 3 43 theme structural 277:286 arg1 changes 288:294 structural changes 277:294 structural changes 277:294 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 4 44 theme sodium 404:409 arg1 selenite 411:418 sodium selenite 404:418 sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) 404:428 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 4 44 theme sodium 404:409 arg1 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 Na₂SeO₃ 421:427 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 6 45 theme g 658:658 arg1 kg⁻¹ 660:663 concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ 641:663 concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ 641:663 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 4 46 dep RESULTS 370:376 arg1 grown 395:399 grown 395:399 was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol 391:511 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 3 47 theme erinaceum 254:262 arg1 mycelium 264:271 Hericium erinaceum mycelium 245:271 Hericium erinaceum mycelium 245:271 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 8 48 theme wall 1273:1276 arg1 decomposition 1252:1264 the decomposition 1248:1264 the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells 1248:1310 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 3 49 theme mycelium 264:271 arg1 vivacity 233:240 the vivacity 229:240 the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture 229:367 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 8 50 theme culture 1032:1038 arg1 medium 1040:1045 the culture medium 1028:1045 the culture medium 1028:1045 CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells. 24532295 6 51 theme concentration 641:653 arg1 kg⁻¹ 660:663 concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ 641:663 concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ 641:663 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 6 52 from kg⁻¹ 660:663 arg1 Selol 632:636 Selol 632:636 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ 632:663 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 24532295 0 53 dep changes 16:22 arg1 Bull. 63:67 Bull. 63:67 Bull. 63:67 Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) 24532295 3 54 dep selenium 193:200 arg1 inorganic 215:223 inorganic 215:223 inorganic 215:223 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 3 54 dep selenium 193:200 arg1 organic 203:209 organic 203:209 organic 203:209 BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. 24532295 4 55 theme g 453:453 arg1 Se 460:461 with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se 438:461 with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se 438:461 RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. 24532295 7 56 theme cell 922:925 arg1 wall 927:930 the cell wall 918:930 the cell wall 918:930 In the other cases, degradation changes appeared in the protoplasm and the thickness of the cell wall did not increase. 24532295 6 57 from influence 790:798 arg1 production 818:827 polysaccharide production 803:827 polysaccharide production 803:827 Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. 27133072 8 0 theme promising 1132:1140 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 0 theme promising 1132:1140 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 4 1 theme thrombin 705:712 arg1 TT 720:721 TT 720:721 TT 720:721 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 4 1 theme thrombin 705:712 arg1 time 714:717 thrombin time 705:717 thrombin time (TT) 705:722 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 8 2 theme antiproliferative 1142:1158 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 2 theme antiproliferative 1142:1158 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 1 3 dep Nephrops 266:273 arg1 norvegicus 275:284 Nephrops norvegicus 266:284 Nephrops norvegicus 266:284 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 1 4 theme Norway 250:255 arg1 Nephrops 266:273 Nephrops 266:273 Nephrops 266:273 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 1 4 theme Norway 250:255 arg1 lobster 257:263 Norway lobster 250:263 Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell 250:291 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 0 5 theme glycosaminoglycans 95:112 arg1 properties 14:23 Anticoagulant properties 0:23 Anticoagulant properties 0:23 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 0 5 theme glycosaminoglycans 95:112 arg1 effect 39:44 cytotoxic effect 29:44 cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans 29:112 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 7 6 theme sulfate 1097:1103 arg1 content 1105:1111 the higher sulfate content 1086:1111 the higher sulfate content 1086:1111 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans were probably related with the higher sulfate content. 27133072 1 7 theme lobster 257:263 arg1 shell 287:291 Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell 250:291 Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell 250:291 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 0 8 theme sulfated 86:93 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 95:112 sulfated glycosaminoglycans 86:112 sulfated glycosaminoglycans 86:112 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 4 9 theme anticoagulant 628:640 arg1 activities 642:651 their anticoagulant activities 622:651 their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests 622:755 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 0 10 dep isolated 114:121 arg1 Nephrops 148:155 Nephrops 148:155 Nephrops 148:155 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 4 11 theme prothrombine 728:739 arg1 time 741:744 prothrombine time 728:744 prothrombine time (PT) 728:749 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 4 11 theme prothrombine 728:739 arg1 PT 747:748 PT 747:748 PT 747:748 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 3 12 theme sulfate 558:564 arg1 presence 538:545 the presence 534:545 the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) 534:595 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 2 13 theme acid 398:401 arg1 presence 356:363 the presence 352:363 the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 352:448 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 7 14 theme higher 1090:1095 arg1 content 1105:1111 the higher sulfate content 1086:1111 the higher sulfate content 1086:1111 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans were probably related with the higher sulfate content. 27133072 3 15 from electrophoresis 495:509 arg1 Zn-acetate 514:523 Zn-acetate 514:523 Zn-acetate 514:523 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 5 16 theme cell 787:790 arg1 proliferation 792:804 HCT116 cell proliferation 780:804 HCT116 cell proliferation 780:804 After 21h incubation, HCT116 cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) between 39.7 and 54.8% at 1.5-7.5mg/mL of SGNL. 27133072 2 17 theme glucuronic 387:396 arg1 acid 398:401 glucuronic acid 387:401 glucuronic acid 387:401 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 5 18 theme HCT116 780:785 arg1 proliferation 792:804 HCT116 cell proliferation 780:804 HCT116 cell proliferation 780:804 After 21h incubation, HCT116 cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) between 39.7 and 54.8% at 1.5-7.5mg/mL of SGNL. 27133072 4 19 theme partial 669:675 arg1 aPTT 698:701 aPTT 698:701 aPTT 698:701 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 4 19 theme partial 669:675 arg1 time 692:695 activated partial thromboplastin time 659:695 activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 659:702 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 3 20 theme sulfate 584:590 arg1 presence 538:545 the presence 534:545 the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) 534:595 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 4 21 theme activated 659:667 arg1 aPTT 698:701 aPTT 698:701 aPTT 698:701 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 4 21 theme activated 659:667 arg1 time 692:695 activated partial thromboplastin time 659:695 activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 659:702 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 0 22 theme Anticoagulant 0:12 arg1 properties 14:23 Anticoagulant properties 0:23 Anticoagulant properties 0:23 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 8 23 theme promising 1233:1241 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 23 theme promising 1233:1241 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 2 24 theme monosaccharide 298:311 arg1 composition 313:323 The monosaccharide composition 294:323 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS 294:341 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 2 25 theme acid 381:384 arg1 presence 356:363 the presence 352:363 the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 352:448 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 0 26 theme cytotoxic 29:37 arg1 effect 39:44 cytotoxic effect 29:44 cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans 29:112 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 0 27 theme Norway 132:137 arg1 lobster 139:145 the Norway lobster 128:145 the Norway lobster 128:145 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 2 28 theme N-acetylglucosamine 430:448 arg1 presence 356:363 the presence 352:363 the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 352:448 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 6 29 theme bovine 920:925 arg1 erythrocytes 927:938 bovine erythrocytes 920:938 bovine erythrocytes 920:938 SGNL don't show hemolytic activity towards bovine erythrocytes and no cytotoxicity against the normal lymphocytes. 27133072 3 30 theme dermatan 575:582 arg1 DS 593:594 DS 593:594 DS 593:594 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 3 30 theme dermatan 575:582 arg1 sulfate 584:590 dermatan sulfate 575:590 dermatan sulfate (DS) 575:595 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 3 31 theme cellulose 485:493 arg1 electrophoresis 495:509 acetate cellulose electrophoresis 477:509 acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate 477:523 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 8 32 theme novel 1212:1216 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 32 theme novel 1212:1216 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 7 33 theme lobster 1032:1038 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1040:1057 these lobster glycosaminoglycans 1026:1057 these lobster glycosaminoglycans 1026:1057 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans were probably related with the higher sulfate content. 27133072 3 34 theme SGNL 467:470 arg1 analysis 455:462 The analysis 451:462 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate 451:523 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 8 35 theme antithrombotic 1243:1256 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 35 theme antithrombotic 1243:1256 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 2 36 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 404:424 arg1 presence 356:363 the presence 352:363 the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 352:448 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 4 37 theme thromboplastin 677:690 arg1 aPTT 698:701 aPTT 698:701 aPTT 698:701 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 4 37 theme thromboplastin 677:690 arg1 time 692:695 activated partial thromboplastin time 659:695 activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 659:702 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 5 38 theme 21h 764:766 arg1 incubation 768:777 21h incubation 764:777 21h incubation 764:777 After 21h incubation, HCT116 cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) between 39.7 and 54.8% at 1.5-7.5mg/mL of SGNL. 27133072 0 39 theme human 61:65 arg1 line 78:81 HCT116 human colon cell line 54:81 HCT116 human colon cell line 54:81 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 6 40 theme hemolytic 893:901 arg1 activity 903:910 hemolytic activity 893:910 hemolytic activity towards bovine erythrocytes 893:938 SGNL don't show hemolytic activity towards bovine erythrocytes and no cytotoxicity against the normal lymphocytes. 27133072 7 41 theme antiproliferative 996:1012 arg1 efficacy 1014:1021 The antiproliferative efficacy 992:1021 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans 992:1057 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans were probably related with the higher sulfate content. 27133072 5 42 theme SGNL 871:874 arg1 1.5-7.5mg/mL 855:866 1.5-7.5mg/mL 855:866 1.5-7.5mg/mL of SGNL 855:874 After 21h incubation, HCT116 cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) between 39.7 and 54.8% at 1.5-7.5mg/mL of SGNL. 27133072 7 43 theme glycosaminoglycans 1040:1057 arg1 efficacy 1014:1021 The antiproliferative efficacy 992:1021 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans 992:1057 The antiproliferative efficacy of these lobster glycosaminoglycans were probably related with the higher sulfate content. 27133072 8 44 used used 1202:1205 arg2 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 44 used used 1202:1205 arg2 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 3 45 with analysis 455:462 arg1 electrophoresis 495:509 acetate cellulose electrophoresis 477:509 acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate 477:523 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 8 46 theme anticoagulant 1164:1176 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 46 theme anticoagulant 1164:1176 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 4 47 dep time 692:695 arg1 tests 751:755 tests 751:755 tests 751:755 SGNL were evaluated for their anticoagulant activities using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombine time (PT) tests. 27133072 0 48 dep Nephrops 148:155 arg1 norvegicus 157:166 Nephrops norvegicus 148:166 Nephrops norvegicus 148:166 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 8 49 theme effective 1219:1227 arg1 potential 1178:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential 1132:1186 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 8 49 theme effective 1219:1227 arg1 agent 1258:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent 1210:1262 SGNL demonstrated promising antiproliferative and anticoagulant potential, which may be used as a novel, effective and promising antithrombotic agent. 27133072 0 50 theme cell 73:76 arg1 line 78:81 HCT116 human colon cell line 54:81 HCT116 human colon cell line 54:81 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 5 51 dep inhibited 810:818 arg1 p<0.05 821:826 p<0.05 821:826 p<0.05 821:826 After 21h incubation, HCT116 cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) between 39.7 and 54.8% at 1.5-7.5mg/mL of SGNL. 27133072 3 52 theme acetate 477:483 arg1 electrophoresis 495:509 acetate cellulose electrophoresis 477:509 acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate 477:523 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 2 53 theme galacturonic 368:379 arg1 acid 381:384 galacturonic acid 368:384 galacturonic acid 368:384 The monosaccharide composition analysed by GC/MS revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27133072 1 54 theme Sulfated 176:183 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 185:202 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans 176:202 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) 176:209 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 1 54 theme Sulfated 176:183 arg1 SGNL 205:208 SGNL 205:208 SGNL 205:208 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 1 55 theme first 234:238 arg1 time 240:243 the first time 230:243 the first time 230:243 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGNL) were extracted for the first time from Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 0 56 theme colon 67:71 arg1 line 78:81 HCT116 human colon cell line 54:81 HCT116 human colon cell line 54:81 Anticoagulant properties and cytotoxic effect against HCT116 human colon cell line of sulfated glycosaminoglycans isolated from the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) shell. 27133072 3 57 theme heparan 550:556 arg1 HS 567:568 HS 567:568 HS 567:568 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 3 57 theme heparan 550:556 arg1 sulfate 558:564 heparan sulfate 550:564 heparan sulfate (HS) 550:569 The analysis of SGNL with acetate cellulose electrophoresis in Zn-acetate revealed the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). 27133072 6 58 theme normal 972:977 arg1 lymphocytes 979:989 the normal lymphocytes 968:989 the normal lymphocytes 968:989 SGNL don't show hemolytic activity towards bovine erythrocytes and no cytotoxicity against the normal lymphocytes. 27771527 5 0 theme adsorption 793:802 arg1 profiles 804:811 cellulase adsorption profiles 783:811 cellulase adsorption profiles 783:811 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 1 1 theme sulfite 148:154 arg1 pretreatment 156:167 sulfite pretreatment 148:167 sulfite pretreatment 148:167 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 2 theme pretreatment 156:167 arg1 effect 138:143 The effect 134:143 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) 134:328 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 3 theme enzymatic 248:256 arg1 hydrolysis 258:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 0 4 theme adsorption 92:101 arg1 profiles 103:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 hydrolysis 67:76 enzymatic hydrolysis 57:76 enzymatic hydrolysis 57:76 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 profiles 103:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 46:54 structure 46:54 structure 46:54 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 3 6 theme SCB 485:487 arg1 structure 489:497 SPORL SCB structure 479:497 SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB 479:553 The SEM pictures showed that SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB was more accessible to cellulase. 27771527 5 7 dep profiles 804:811 arg1 regard 773:778 regard 773:778 regard 773:778 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 0 8 theme cellulase 82:90 arg1 profiles 103:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 6 9 theme SPORL 1130:1134 arg1 SCB 1136:1138 SPORL SCB 1130:1138 SPORL SCB 1130:1138 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 6 10 theme productive 1095:1104 arg1 adsorption 1116:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption 1084:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB 1084:1138 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 5 11 dep SCB 957:959 arg1 17.05mg/glignin 962:976 17.05mg/glignin 962:976 17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate 962:999 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 6 12 theme higher 1088:1093 arg1 adsorption 1116:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption 1084:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB 1084:1138 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 4 13 theme SPORL 611:615 arg1 -21.89mV 633:640 -21.89mV 633:640 -21.89mV 633:640 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 4 13 theme SPORL 611:615 arg1 suspension 621:630 SPORL SCB suspension 611:630 SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) 611:641 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 5 14 theme SPORL 814:818 arg1 SCB 820:822 SPORL SCB 814:822 SPORL SCB 814:822 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 3 15 theme SPORL 479:483 arg1 structure 489:497 SPORL SCB structure 479:497 SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB 479:553 The SEM pictures showed that SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB was more accessible to cellulase. 27771527 4 16 theme zeta 593:596 arg1 potential 598:606 The zeta potential 589:606 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) 589:641 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 4 16 theme zeta 593:596 arg1 different 661:669 different 661:669 different 661:669 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 5 17 theme non-productive 836:849 arg1 14.87mg/glignin 863:877 14.87mg/glignin 863:877 14.87mg/glignin 863:877 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 17 theme non-productive 836:849 arg1 adsorption 851:860 a lower non-productive adsorption 828:860 a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) 828:878 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 2 18 theme hydrolysis 372:381 arg1 yield 383:387 a higher SCB hydrolysis yield 359:387 a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) 359:396 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 18 theme hydrolysis 372:381 arg1 % 395:395 85.33% 390:395 85.33% 390:395 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 19 theme acid 417:420 arg1 DA 436:437 DA 436:437 DA 436:437 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 19 theme acid 417:420 arg1 pretreatment 422:433 dilute acid pretreatment 410:433 dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%) 410:447 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 19 theme acid 417:420 arg1 % 446:446 64.39% 441:446 64.39% 441:446 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 1 20 theme cellulase 273:281 arg1 profiles 294:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 4 21 from that 676:679 arg1 potential 598:606 The zeta potential 589:606 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) 589:641 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 4 21 from that 676:679 arg1 different 661:669 different 661:669 different 661:669 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 2 22 theme SCB 368:370 arg1 yield 383:387 a higher SCB hydrolysis yield 359:387 a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) 359:396 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 22 theme SCB 368:370 arg1 % 395:395 85.33% 390:395 85.33% 390:395 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 23 theme dilute 410:415 arg1 DA 436:437 DA 436:437 DA 436:437 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 23 theme dilute 410:415 arg1 pretreatment 422:433 dilute acid pretreatment 410:433 dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%) 410:447 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 23 theme dilute 410:415 arg1 % 446:446 64.39% 441:446 64.39% 441:446 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 1 24 theme adsorption 283:292 arg1 profiles 294:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 0 25 theme bagasse 125:131 arg1 hydrolysis 67:76 enzymatic hydrolysis 57:76 enzymatic hydrolysis 57:76 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 25 theme bagasse 125:131 arg1 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 25 theme bagasse 125:131 arg1 profiles 103:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 cellulase adsorption profiles 82:110 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 25 theme bagasse 125:131 arg1 structure 46:54 structure 46:54 structure 46:54 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 4 26 theme DA 684:685 arg1 -12.87mV 692:699 -12.87mV 692:699 -12.87mV 692:699 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 4 26 theme DA 684:685 arg1 SCB 687:689 DA SCB 684:689 DA SCB (-12.87mV) 684:700 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 1 27 theme lignocellulose 198:211 arg1 recalcitrance 181:193 recalcitrance 181:193 recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) 181:328 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 0 28 theme bisulfite 10:18 arg1 treatment 20:28 bisulfite treatment 10:28 bisulfite treatment 10:28 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 0 29 theme sugarcane 115:123 arg1 bagasse 125:131 sugarcane bagasse 115:131 sugarcane bagasse 115:131 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 3 30 theme SEM 454:456 arg1 pictures 458:465 The SEM pictures 450:465 The SEM pictures 450:465 The SEM pictures showed that SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB was more accessible to cellulase. 27771527 4 31 theme suspension 621:630 arg1 potential 598:606 The zeta potential 589:606 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) 589:641 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 4 31 theme suspension 621:630 arg1 different 661:669 different 661:669 different 661:669 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 5 32 theme cellulase 783:791 arg1 profiles 804:811 cellulase adsorption profiles 783:811 cellulase adsorption profiles 783:811 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 1 33 theme sugarcane 306:314 arg1 bagasse 316:322 sugarcane bagasse 306:322 sugarcane bagasse (SCB) 306:328 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 33 theme sugarcane 306:314 arg1 SCB 325:327 SCB 325:327 SCB 325:327 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 5 34 dep 17.05mg/glignin 962:976 arg1 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate 979:999 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate 979:999 17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate 962:999 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 6 35 contain had 1042:1044 arg1 SCB 1038:1040 SPORL SCB 1032:1040 SPORL SCB 1032:1040 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 6 35 contain had 1042:1044 arg2 accessibility 1053:1065 better accessibility 1046:1065 better accessibility to cellulase 1046:1078 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 0 36 theme treatment 20:28 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 0:132 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 1 37 theme bagasse 316:322 arg1 profiles 294:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 37 theme bagasse 316:322 arg1 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 37 theme bagasse 316:322 arg1 hydrolysis 258:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 37 theme bagasse 316:322 arg1 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 6 38 theme better 1046:1051 arg1 accessibility 1053:1065 better accessibility 1046:1065 better accessibility to cellulase 1046:1078 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 5 39 theme DA 954:955 arg1 SCB 957:959 DA SCB 954:959 DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate) 954:1000 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 4 40 theme SPORL 736:740 arg1 SCB 742:744 SPORL SCB 736:744 SPORL SCB 736:744 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 5 41 contain had 824:826 arg2 adsorption 851:860 a lower non-productive adsorption 828:860 a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) 828:878 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 41 contain had 824:826 arg2 14.87mg/glignin 863:877 14.87mg/glignin 863:877 14.87mg/glignin 863:877 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 41 contain had 824:826 arg2 adsorption 904:913 a higher productive adsorption 884:913 a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) 884:938 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 41 contain had 824:826 arg1 SCB 820:822 SPORL SCB 814:822 SPORL SCB 814:822 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 41 contain had 824:826 arg2 mg/gcarbohydrate 922:937 37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate 916:937 37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate 916:937 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 6 42 theme SCB 1136:1138 arg1 adsorption 1116:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption 1084:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB 1084:1138 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 5 43 theme productive 893:902 arg1 adsorption 904:913 a higher productive adsorption 884:913 a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) 884:938 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 43 theme productive 893:902 arg1 mg/gcarbohydrate 922:937 37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate 916:937 37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate 916:937 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 3 44 theme SPORL 545:549 arg1 SCB 551:553 SPORL SCB 545:553 SPORL SCB 545:553 The SEM pictures showed that SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB was more accessible to cellulase. 27771527 5 45 theme higher 886:891 arg1 adsorption 904:913 a higher productive adsorption 884:913 a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) 884:938 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 5 45 theme higher 886:891 arg1 mg/gcarbohydrate 922:937 37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate 916:937 37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate 916:937 With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). 27771527 6 46 theme cellulase 1106:1114 arg1 adsorption 1116:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption 1084:1125 the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB 1084:1138 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 1 47 from recalcitrance 181:193 arg1 profiles 294:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 cellulase adsorption profiles 273:301 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 47 from recalcitrance 181:193 arg1 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 47 from recalcitrance 181:193 arg1 hydrolysis 258:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 1 47 from recalcitrance 181:193 arg1 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 composition 224:234 The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. 27771527 6 48 theme SPORL 1032:1036 arg1 SCB 1038:1040 SPORL SCB 1032:1040 SPORL SCB 1032:1040 These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis. 27771527 0 49 theme enzymatic 57:65 arg1 hydrolysis 67:76 enzymatic hydrolysis 57:76 enzymatic hydrolysis 57:76 Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. 27771527 2 50 theme higher 361:366 arg1 yield 383:387 a higher SCB hydrolysis yield 359:387 a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) 359:396 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 2 50 theme higher 361:366 arg1 % 395:395 85.33% 390:395 85.33% 390:395 SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). 27771527 4 51 theme SCB 617:619 arg1 -21.89mV 633:640 -21.89mV 633:640 -21.89mV 633:640 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 27771527 4 51 theme SCB 617:619 arg1 suspension 621:630 SPORL SCB suspension 611:630 SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) 611:641 The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. 26556623 6 0 theme expression 1288:1297 arg1 levels 1299:1304 gene expression levels 1283:1304 gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application 1283:1366 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 1 1 theme cellular 282:289 arg1 mechanisms 297:306 their natural cellular entry mechanisms 268:306 their natural cellular entry mechanisms 268:306 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 4 2 theme early 882:886 arg1 profiles 873:880 the fastest release profiles 853:880 the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 853:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 6 3 theme mesenchymal 1182:1192 arg1 cells 1199:1203 human mesenchymal stem cells 1176:1203 human mesenchymal stem cells 1176:1203 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 3 4 theme new 561:563 arg1 systems 565:571 new systems 561:571 new systems 561:571 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 3 4 theme new 561:563 arg1 structures 498:507 different hydrogel structures 479:507 different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 479:556 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 7 5 theme cell 1458:1461 arg1 viability 1463:1471 either cell viability 1451:1471 either cell viability 1451:1471 No detrimental effects were reported on either cell viability or on the potential for chondrogenic differentiation. 26556623 9 6 theme viral 1707:1711 arg1 strategies 1739:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 3 7 theme recombinant 600:610 arg1 vectors 642:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 4 8 theme [H 961:962 arg1 capsules 965:972 AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules 946:972 AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 946:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 9 theme rAAV 664:667 arg1 Inclusion 651:659 Inclusion 651:659 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules 651:694 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 10 from capsules 965:972 arg1 effective 931:939 effective 931:939 effective 931:939 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 2 11 theme such 323:326 arg1 vectors 328:334 such vectors 323:334 such vectors 323:334 Incorporating such vectors in implantable systems may provide strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures. 26556623 1 12 theme therapeutic 210:220 arg1 sequences 222:230 foreign therapeutic sequences 202:230 foreign therapeutic sequences 202:230 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 9 13 theme strategies 1739:1748 arg1 development 1692:1702 the further development 1680:1702 the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies 1680:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 6 14 theme transduction 1240:1251 arg1 efficiencies 1253:1264 high transduction efficiencies 1235:1264 high transduction efficiencies over time 1235:1274 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 4 15 theme such 672:675 arg1 capsules 687:694 such polymeric capsules 672:694 such polymeric capsules 672:694 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 6 16 theme those 1322:1326 arg1 range 1313:1317 the range 1309:1317 the range of those achieved upon direct vector application 1309:1366 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 3 17 theme rAAV 636:639 arg1 vectors 642:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 3 18 theme viral 629:633 arg1 vectors 642:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 4 19 theme temperature 763:773 arg1 influence 708:716 an influence 705:716 an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles 705:806 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 6 20 theme AlgPH155+PF127 1391:1404 arg1 [H 1406:1407 AlgPH155+PF127 [H 1391:1407 AlgPH155+PF127 [H 1391:1407 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 1 21 theme common 162:167 arg1 vectors 150:156 Viral vectors 144:156 Viral vectors 144:156 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 1 21 theme common 162:167 arg1 tools 169:173 common tools 162:173 common tools in gene therapy 162:189 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 4 22 theme hydrogel 725:732 arg1 composition 734:744 hydrogel composition 725:744 hydrogel composition 725:744 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 1 23 from tools 169:173 arg1 therapy 183:189 gene therapy 178:189 gene therapy 178:189 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 4 24 theme vector 907:912 arg1 release 914:920 vector release 907:920 vector release 907:920 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 0 25 theme vectors 92:98 arg1 release 76:82 controlled release 65:82 controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems 65:141 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 4 26 theme high 991:994 arg1 50°C 1009:1012 50°C 1009:1012 50°C 1009:1012 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 26 theme high 991:994 arg1 temperature 996:1006 a high temperature 989:1006 a high temperature (50°C) 989:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 27 theme alginate 814:821 arg1 structures 834:843 alginate (AlgPH155) structures 814:843 alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 814:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 0 28 theme alginate/poloxamer 106:123 arg1 systems 135:141 alginate/poloxamer composite systems 106:141 alginate/poloxamer composite systems 106:141 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 5 29 theme release 1119:1125 arg1 profile 1127:1133 a more controlled release profile 1101:1133 a more controlled release profile 1101:1133 Systems prepared at room temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) allowed instead to achieve a more controlled release profile. 26556623 3 30 theme study 457:461 arg1 goal 437:440 The goal 433:440 The goal of the present study 433:461 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 0 31 theme Effective 0:8 arg1 modification 18:29 Effective genetic modification 0:29 Effective genetic modification 0:29 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 1 32 theme entry 291:295 arg1 mechanisms 297:306 their natural cellular entry mechanisms 268:306 their natural cellular entry mechanisms 268:306 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 4 33 theme release 791:797 arg1 profiles 799:806 the vector release profiles 780:806 the vector release profiles 780:806 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 34 dep composition 734:744 arg1 the 721:723 the 721:723 the 721:723 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 3 35 theme different 479:487 arg1 systems 565:571 new systems 561:571 new systems 561:571 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 3 35 theme different 479:487 arg1 structures 498:507 different hydrogel structures 479:507 different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 479:556 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 0 36 theme controlled 65:74 arg1 release 76:82 controlled release 65:82 controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems 65:141 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 4 37 theme release 865:871 arg1 profiles 873:880 the fastest release profiles 853:880 the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 853:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 2 38 theme strong 371:376 arg1 alternatives 378:389 strong alternatives 371:389 strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures 371:430 Incorporating such vectors in implantable systems may provide strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures. 26556623 0 39 theme hMSCs 54:58 arg1 modification 18:29 Effective genetic modification 0:29 Effective genetic modification 0:29 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 0 39 theme hMSCs 54:58 arg1 differentiation 35:49 differentiation 35:49 differentiation 35:49 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 8 40 theme undesirable 1591:1601 arg1 differentiation 1621:1635 undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation 1591:1635 undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation 1591:1635 Inclusion of PF127 in the capsules was also capable of delaying undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation. 26556623 4 41 theme AlgPH155 824:831 arg1 structures 834:843 alginate (AlgPH155) structures 814:843 alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 814:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 7 42 theme chondrogenic 1497:1508 arg1 differentiation 1510:1524 chondrogenic differentiation 1497:1524 chondrogenic differentiation 1497:1524 No detrimental effects were reported on either cell viability or on the potential for chondrogenic differentiation. 26556623 4 43 attach crosslinked 974:984 arg3 temperature 996:1006 a high temperature 989:1006 a high temperature (50°C) 989:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 43 attach crosslinked 974:984 arg3 50°C 1009:1012 50°C 1009:1012 50°C 1009:1012 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 8 44 theme cell 1616:1619 arg1 differentiation 1621:1635 undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation 1591:1635 undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation 1591:1635 Inclusion of PF127 in the capsules was also capable of delaying undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation. 26556623 3 45 theme hydrogel 489:496 arg1 systems 565:571 new systems 561:571 new systems 561:571 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 3 45 theme hydrogel 489:496 arg1 structures 498:507 different hydrogel structures 479:507 different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 479:556 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 3 46 theme poloxamer 542:550 arg1 PF127 552:556 poloxamer PF127 542:556 poloxamer PF127 542:556 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 6 47 from levels 1299:1304 arg1 range 1313:1317 the range 1309:1317 the range of those achieved upon direct vector application 1309:1366 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 9 48 theme promising 1660:1668 arg1 value 1670:1674 promising value 1660:1674 promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies 1660:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 6 49 theme gene 1283:1286 arg1 levels 1299:1304 gene expression levels 1283:1304 gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application 1283:1366 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 1 50 theme natural 274:280 arg1 mechanisms 297:306 their natural cellular entry mechanisms 268:306 their natural cellular entry mechanisms 268:306 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 9 51 theme further 1684:1690 arg1 development 1692:1702 the further development 1680:1702 the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies 1680:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 6 52 theme stem 1194:1197 arg1 cells 1199:1203 human mesenchymal stem cells 1176:1203 human mesenchymal stem cells 1176:1203 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 1 53 theme gene 178:181 arg1 therapy 183:189 gene therapy 178:189 gene therapy 178:189 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 6 54 theme human 1176:1180 arg1 cells 1199:1203 human mesenchymal stem cells 1176:1203 human mesenchymal stem cells 1176:1203 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 4 55 theme polymeric 677:685 arg1 capsules 687:694 such polymeric capsules 672:694 such polymeric capsules 672:694 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 2 56 theme implantable 339:349 arg1 systems 351:357 implantable systems 339:357 implantable systems 339:357 Incorporating such vectors in implantable systems may provide strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures. 26556623 9 57 theme vector 1713:1718 arg1 strategies 1739:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 7 58 theme detrimental 1414:1424 arg1 effects 1426:1432 No detrimental effects 1411:1432 No detrimental effects 1411:1432 No detrimental effects were reported on either cell viability or on the potential for chondrogenic differentiation. 26556623 6 59 theme direct 1342:1347 arg1 application 1356:1366 direct vector application 1342:1366 direct vector application 1342:1366 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 1 60 theme foreign 202:208 arg1 sequences 222:230 foreign therapeutic sequences 202:230 foreign therapeutic sequences 202:230 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 9 61 theme release 1731:1737 arg1 strategies 1739:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 6 62 theme high 1235:1238 arg1 efficiencies 1253:1264 high transduction efficiencies 1235:1264 high transduction efficiencies over time 1235:1274 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 3 63 theme adeno-associated 612:627 arg1 vectors 642:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors 600:648 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 9 64 theme controlled 1720:1729 arg1 strategies 1739:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 viral vector controlled release strategies 1707:1748 These findings are of promising value for the further development of viral vector controlled release strategies. 26556623 4 65 theme composition 734:744 arg1 influence 708:716 an influence 705:716 an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles 705:806 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 1 66 theme Viral 144:148 arg1 vectors 150:156 Viral vectors 144:156 Viral vectors 144:156 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 1 66 theme Viral 144:148 arg1 tools 169:173 common tools 162:173 common tools in gene therapy 162:189 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 6 67 theme different 1210:1218 arg1 systems 1220:1226 the different systems 1206:1226 the different systems 1206:1226 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 4 68 theme crosslinking 750:761 arg1 temperature 763:773 crosslinking temperature 750:773 crosslinking temperature 750:773 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 4 69 from Inclusion 651:659 arg1 capsules 687:694 such polymeric capsules 672:694 such polymeric capsules 672:694 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 0 70 theme rAAV 87:90 arg1 vectors 92:98 rAAV vectors 87:98 rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems 87:141 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 4 71 theme AlgPH155+PF127 946:959 arg1 capsules 965:972 AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules 946:972 AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 946:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 8 72 theme PF127 1540:1544 arg1 Inclusion 1527:1535 Inclusion 1527:1535 Inclusion of PF127 in the capsules 1527:1560 Inclusion of PF127 in the capsules was also capable of delaying undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation. 26556623 0 73 theme composite 125:133 arg1 systems 135:141 alginate/poloxamer composite systems 106:141 alginate/poloxamer composite systems 106:141 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 5 74 theme controlled 1108:1117 arg1 profile 1127:1133 a more controlled release profile 1101:1133 a more controlled release profile 1101:1133 Systems prepared at room temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) allowed instead to achieve a more controlled release profile. 26556623 0 75 theme genetic 10:16 arg1 modification 18:29 Effective genetic modification 0:29 Effective genetic modification 0:29 Effective genetic modification and differentiation of hMSCs upon controlled release of rAAV vectors using alginate/poloxamer composite systems. 26556623 2 76 theme transfer 412:419 arg1 procedures 421:430 conventional gene transfer procedures 394:430 conventional gene transfer procedures 394:430 Incorporating such vectors in implantable systems may provide strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures. 26556623 4 77 theme vector 784:789 arg1 profiles 799:806 the vector release profiles 780:806 the vector release profiles 780:806 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 2 78 theme gene 407:410 arg1 procedures 421:430 conventional gene transfer procedures 394:430 conventional gene transfer procedures 394:430 Incorporating such vectors in implantable systems may provide strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures. 26556623 5 79 theme room 1036:1039 arg1 temperature 1041:1051 room temperature 1036:1051 room temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) 1036:1072 Systems prepared at room temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) allowed instead to achieve a more controlled release profile. 26556623 5 79 theme room 1036:1039 arg1 [C 1069:1070 AlgPH155+PF127 [C 1054:1070 AlgPH155+PF127 [C 1054:1070 Systems prepared at room temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) allowed instead to achieve a more controlled release profile. 26556623 3 80 theme present 449:455 arg1 study 457:461 the present study 445:461 the present study 445:461 The goal of the present study was to generate different hydrogel structures based on alginate (AlgPH155) and poloxamer PF127 as new systems to encapsulate and release recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. 26556623 1 81 theme target 246:251 arg1 population 253:262 a specific target population 235:262 a specific target population 235:262 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 6 82 theme vector 1349:1354 arg1 application 1356:1366 direct vector application 1342:1366 direct vector application 1342:1366 When tested for their ability to target human mesenchymal stem cells, the different systems led to high transduction efficiencies over time and to gene expression levels in the range of those achieved upon direct vector application, especially when using AlgPH155+PF127 [H]. 26556623 8 83 theme hypertrophic 1603:1614 arg1 differentiation 1621:1635 undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation 1591:1635 undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation 1591:1635 Inclusion of PF127 in the capsules was also capable of delaying undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation. 26556623 4 84 theme fastest 857:863 arg1 profiles 873:880 the fastest release profiles 853:880 the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C) 853:1013 Inclusion of rAAV in such polymeric capsules revealed an influence of the hydrogel composition and crosslinking temperature upon the vector release profiles, with alginate (AlgPH155) structures showing the fastest release profiles early on while over time vector release was more effective from AlgPH155+PF127 [H] capsules crosslinked at a high temperature (50°C). 26556623 2 85 theme conventional 394:405 arg1 procedures 421:430 conventional gene transfer procedures 394:430 conventional gene transfer procedures 394:430 Incorporating such vectors in implantable systems may provide strong alternatives to conventional gene transfer procedures. 26556623 1 86 theme specific 237:244 arg1 population 253:262 a specific target population 235:262 a specific target population 235:262 Viral vectors are common tools in gene therapy to deliver foreign therapeutic sequences in a specific target population via their natural cellular entry mechanisms. 26556623 8 87 from Inclusion 1527:1535 arg1 capsules 1553:1560 the capsules 1549:1560 the capsules 1549:1560 Inclusion of PF127 in the capsules was also capable of delaying undesirable hypertrophic cell differentiation. 25796617 2 0 theme aqueous 459:465 arg1 eluent 467:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 0 theme aqueous 459:465 arg1 eluents 450:456 two separate eluents 437:456 two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 437:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 1 1 theme bound 295:299 arg1 protein 301:307 bound protein 295:307 bound protein 295:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 6 2 theme blood-sugar 949:959 arg1 symptomatic 969:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic 932:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes 932:991 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 6 3 theme β 1000:1000 arg1 particles 1002:1010 small β particles 994:1010 small β particles 994:1010 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 0 4 from structure 10:18 arg1 liver 44:48 diabetic liver 35:48 diabetic liver 35:48 Molecular structure of glycogen in diabetic liver. 25796617 4 5 theme many 610:613 arg1 particles 617:625 many α particles 610:625 many α particles 610:625 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 1 6 theme β 157:157 arg1 particles 159:167 β particles 157:167 β particles (diameter ~20 nm) 157:185 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 6 theme β 157:157 arg1 ~20 nm 179:184 diameter ~20 nm 170:184 diameter ~20 nm 170:184 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 7 theme diameter 226:233 arg1 particles 215:223 composite α particles 203:223 composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm) 203:245 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 7 theme diameter 226:233 arg1 ~50-300 nm 235:244 diameter ~50-300 nm 226:244 diameter ~50-300 nm 226:244 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 2 8 dep eluents 450:456 arg1 eluent 467:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 8 dep eluents 450:456 arg1 eluent 503:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 8 dep eluents 450:456 arg1 eluents 450:456 two separate eluents 437:456 two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 437:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 1 9 theme Liver 51:55 arg1 polymer 138:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 9 theme Liver 51:55 arg1 glycogen 57:64 Liver glycogen 51:64 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) 51:109 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 4 10 theme mild 634:637 arg1 solvent 651:657 the mild water-based solvent 630:657 the mild water-based solvent 630:657 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 6 11 theme α 890:890 arg1 fragility 901:909 The diabetic α particle fragility 877:909 The diabetic α particle fragility 877:909 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 4 12 located present 758:764 arg1 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 12 located present 758:764 arg1 glycogen 777:784 healthy glycogen 769:784 healthy glycogen (HG) 769:789 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 12 located present 758:764 arg2 particles 728:736 α particles 726:736 α particles 726:736 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 6 13 theme diabetic 881:888 arg1 fragility 901:909 The diabetic α particle fragility 877:909 The diabetic α particle fragility 877:909 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 4 14 theme Diabetic 577:584 arg1 DG 596:597 DG 596:597 DG 596:597 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 14 theme Diabetic 577:584 arg1 glycogen 586:593 Diabetic glycogen 577:593 Diabetic glycogen (DG) 577:598 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 7 15 theme diabetes 1087:1094 arg1 management 1096:1105 diabetes management 1087:1105 diabetes management 1087:1105 This has implications for diabetes management. 25796617 1 16 contain containing 146:155 arg1 polymer 138:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 16 contain containing 146:155 arg2 ~20 nm 179:184 diameter ~20 nm 170:184 diameter ~20 nm 170:184 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 16 contain containing 146:155 arg1 glycogen 57:64 Liver glycogen 51:64 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) 51:109 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 16 contain containing 146:155 arg2 particles 159:167 β particles 157:167 β particles (diameter ~20 nm) 157:185 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 2 17 theme mice 377:380 arg1 livers 346:351 livers 346:351 livers of healthy and diabetic mice 346:380 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 5 18 theme α 838:838 arg1 particles 840:848 α particles 838:848 α particles 838:848 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 2 19 theme healthy 356:362 arg1 mice 377:380 healthy and diabetic mice 356:380 healthy and diabetic mice 356:380 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 20 theme dimethylsulfoxide 478:494 arg1 eluent 503:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 20 theme dimethylsulfoxide 478:494 arg1 eluents 450:456 two separate eluents 437:456 two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 437:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 7 21 contain has 1066:1068 arg2 implications 1070:1081 implications 1070:1081 implications for diabetes management 1070:1105 This has implications for diabetes management. 25796617 7 21 contain has 1066:1068 arg1 This 1061:1064 This 1061:1064 This 1061:1064 This has implications for diabetes management. 25796617 0 22 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 structure 10:18 Molecular structure 0:18 Molecular structure of glycogen in diabetic liver. 0:49 Molecular structure of glycogen in diabetic liver. 25796617 6 23 theme small 994:998 arg1 particles 1002:1010 small β particles 994:1010 small β particles 994:1010 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 6 24 theme diabetes 984:991 arg1 symptomatic 969:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic 932:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes 932:991 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 4 25 from glycogen 777:784 arg1 present 758:764 present 758:764 present 758:764 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 3 26 theme transmission 543:554 arg1 microscopy 565:574 transmission electron microscopy 543:574 transmission electron microscopy 543:574 Morphologies were examined with transmission electron microscopy. 25796617 1 27 theme diameter 170:177 arg1 particles 159:167 β particles 157:167 β particles (diameter ~20 nm) 157:185 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 27 theme diameter 170:177 arg1 ~20 nm 179:184 diameter ~20 nm 170:184 diameter ~20 nm 170:184 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 28 theme protein 301:307 arg1 protein 301:307 bound protein 295:307 bound protein 295:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 28 theme protein 301:307 arg1 amount 285:290 a small but significant amount 261:290 a small but significant amount of bound protein 261:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 3 29 theme electron 556:563 arg1 microscopy 565:574 transmission electron microscopy 543:574 transmission electron microscopy 543:574 Morphologies were examined with transmission electron microscopy. 25796617 4 30 theme β 713:713 arg1 particles 715:723 β particles 713:723 β particles 713:723 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 31 theme water-based 639:649 arg1 solvent 651:657 the mild water-based solvent 630:657 the mild water-based solvent 630:657 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 0 32 theme glycogen 23:30 arg1 structure 10:18 Molecular structure 0:18 Molecular structure of glycogen in diabetic liver. 0:49 Molecular structure of glycogen in diabetic liver. 25796617 1 33 theme blood-sugar 91:101 arg1 levels 103:108 blood-sugar levels 91:108 blood-sugar levels 91:108 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 4 34 theme α 615:615 arg1 particles 617:625 many α particles 610:625 many α particles 610:625 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 2 35 theme size-exclusion 402:415 arg1 chromatography 417:430 size-exclusion chromatography 402:430 size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 402:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 36 theme Size 310:313 arg1 distributions 315:327 Size distributions 310:327 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice 310:380 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 1 37 theme glucose 130:136 arg1 polymer 138:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 37 theme glucose 130:136 arg1 glycogen 57:64 Liver glycogen 51:64 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) 51:109 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 0 38 theme diabetic 35:42 arg1 liver 44:48 diabetic liver 35:48 diabetic liver 35:48 Molecular structure of glycogen in diabetic liver. 25796617 4 39 from present 758:764 arg1 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 39 from present 758:764 arg1 glycogen 777:784 healthy glycogen 769:784 healthy glycogen (HG) 769:789 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 5 40 dep DG 797:798 arg1 shows 810:814 shows 810:814 shows the binding of β into α particles 810:848 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 2 41 theme diabetic 368:375 arg1 mice 377:380 healthy and diabetic mice 356:380 healthy and diabetic mice 356:380 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 42 theme separate 441:448 arg1 eluent 467:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 42 theme separate 441:448 arg1 eluent 503:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 42 theme separate 441:448 arg1 eluents 450:456 two separate eluents 437:456 two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 437:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 1 43 theme small 263:267 arg1 protein 301:307 bound protein 295:307 bound protein 295:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 43 theme small 263:267 arg1 amount 285:290 a small but significant amount 261:290 a small but significant amount of bound protein 261:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 6 44 theme particle 892:899 arg1 fragility 901:909 The diabetic α particle fragility 877:909 The diabetic α particle fragility 877:909 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 2 45 from livers 346:351 arg1 distributions 315:327 Size distributions 310:327 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice 310:380 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 4 46 theme healthy 769:775 arg1 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 46 theme healthy 769:775 arg1 glycogen 777:784 healthy glycogen 769:784 healthy glycogen (HG) 769:789 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 5 47 theme β 831:831 arg1 binding 820:826 the binding 816:826 the binding of β into α particles 816:848 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 1 48 theme significant 273:283 arg1 protein 301:307 bound protein 295:307 bound protein 295:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 48 theme significant 273:283 arg1 amount 285:290 a small but significant amount 261:290 a small but significant amount of bound protein 261:307 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 4 49 dep exhibited 600:608 arg1 degraded 701:708 degraded 701:708 degraded to β particles 701:723 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 6 50 theme α 1048:1048 arg1 particles 1050:1058 α particles 1048:1058 α particles 1048:1058 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 2 51 with chromatography 417:430 arg1 eluent 467:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 aqueous eluent 459:472 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 51 with chromatography 417:430 arg1 eluent 503:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 478:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 2 51 with chromatography 417:430 arg1 eluents 450:456 two separate eluents 437:456 two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent 437:508 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 4 52 theme H 686:686 arg1 bonds 688:692 H bonds 686:692 H bonds 686:692 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 5 53 from HG 866:867 arg1 different 853:861 different 853:861 different 853:861 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 4 54 theme α 726:726 arg1 particles 728:736 α particles 726:736 α particles 726:736 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 1 55 theme hyperbranched 116:128 arg1 polymer 138:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 114:144 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 55 theme hyperbranched 116:128 arg1 glycogen 57:64 Liver glycogen 51:64 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) 51:109 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 56 theme composite 203:211 arg1 particles 215:223 composite α particles 203:223 composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm) 203:245 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 56 theme composite 203:211 arg1 ~50-300 nm 235:244 diameter ~50-300 nm 226:244 diameter ~50-300 nm 226:244 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 5 57 from DG 873:874 arg1 different 853:861 different 853:861 different 853:861 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 6 58 theme release 961:967 arg1 symptomatic 969:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic 932:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes 932:991 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 2 59 theme glycogen 332:339 arg1 distributions 315:327 Size distributions 310:327 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice 310:380 Size distributions of glycogen from livers of healthy and diabetic mice were examined using size-exclusion chromatography with two separate eluents: aqueous eluent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) eluent. 25796617 5 60 from different 853:861 arg1 DG 873:874 DG 873:874 DG 873:874 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 5 60 from different 853:861 arg1 HG 866:867 HG 866:867 HG 866:867 This DG fragility shows the binding of β into α particles is different in HG and DG. 25796617 1 61 theme α 213:213 arg1 particles 215:223 composite α particles 203:223 composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm) 203:245 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 1 61 theme α 213:213 arg1 ~50-300 nm 235:244 diameter ~50-300 nm 226:244 diameter ~50-300 nm 226:244 Liver glycogen (involved in maintaining blood-sugar levels) is a hyperbranched glucose polymer containing β particles (diameter ~20 nm), which can form composite α particles (diameter ~50-300 nm), and includes a small but significant amount of bound protein. 25796617 6 62 theme uncontrolled 936:947 arg1 symptomatic 969:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic 932:979 the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes 932:991 The diabetic α particle fragility may be involved with the uncontrolled blood-sugar release symptomatic of diabetes: small β particles degrade more easily to glucose than α particles. 25796617 4 63 attach present 758:764 arg1 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 HG 787:788 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 63 attach present 758:764 arg1 glycogen 777:784 healthy glycogen 769:784 healthy glycogen (HG) 769:789 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 25796617 4 63 attach present 758:764 arg2 particles 728:736 α particles 726:736 α particles 726:736 Diabetic glycogen (DG) exhibited many α particles in the mild water-based solvent, but in DMSO, which breaks H bonds, these degraded to β particles; α particles however were always present in healthy glycogen (HG). 27001601 7 0 theme A 1679:1679 arg1 derivatives 1653:1663 novel derivatives 1647:1663 novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties 1647:1728 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 4 1 theme different 1152:1160 arg1 plasmids 1162:1169 different plasmids 1152:1169 different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses 1152:1226 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 1 2 gly glycosylated 190:201 arg1 B 229:229 B 229:229 B 229:229 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 2 gly glycosylated 190:201 arg1 A 226:226 paulomycin A 215:226 paulomycin A 215:226 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 2 gly glycosylated 190:201 arg1 antibiotics 203:213 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E 190:235 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 190:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 2 gly glycosylated 190:201 arg1 E 235:235 E 235:235 E 235:235 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 10 3 theme interesting 2322:2332 arg1 relationships 2353:2365 some interesting structure-activity relationships 2317:2365 some interesting structure-activity relationships 2317:2365 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 8 4 theme deoxysugars 1935:1945 arg1 transfer 1913:1920 the transfer 1909:1920 the transfer of different deoxysugars 1909:1945 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 1 5 theme isothiocyanate 280:293 arg1 residue 295:301 an isothiocyanate residue 277:301 an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 277:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 7 6 theme novel 1647:1651 arg1 derivatives 1653:1663 novel derivatives 1647:1663 novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties 1647:1728 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 9 7 from flexible 2025:2032 arg1 addition 1951:1958 addition 1951:1958 addition 1951:1958 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 10 8 theme paulomycin 2194:2203 arg1 derivatives 2205:2215 the novel paulomycin derivatives 2184:2215 the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 2184:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 7 9 contain containing 1687:1696 arg2 moieties 1721:1728 L-paulomycose modified moieties 1698:1728 L-paulomycose modified moieties 1698:1728 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 7 9 contain containing 1687:1696 arg1 A 1679:1679 paulomycin A 1668:1679 paulomycin A 1668:1679 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 4 10 theme several 994:1000 arg1 derivatives 1018:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives 994:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 994:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 4 11 theme deoxyhexoses 1215:1226 arg1 biosynthesis 1187:1198 the biosynthesis 1183:1198 the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses 1183:1226 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 0 12 theme combinatorial 117:129 arg1 biosynthesis 131:142 combinatorial biosynthesis 117:142 combinatorial biosynthesis 117:142 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 4 13 theme bioactive 1008:1016 arg1 derivatives 1018:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives 994:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 994:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 3 14 theme genes 646:650 arg1 Inactivation 630:641 RESULTS Inactivation 622:641 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer 622:778 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 10 15 theme derivatives 2205:2215 arg1 lower 2271:2275 lower 2271:2275 lower 2271:2275 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 10 15 theme derivatives 2205:2215 arg1 activity 2172:2179 The activity 2168:2179 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 2168:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 3 16 theme biosynthetic 822:833 arg1 intermediates 835:847 several biosynthetic intermediates 814:847 several biosynthetic intermediates 814:847 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 6 17 theme mutant 1618:1623 arg1 strains 1625:1631 the corresponding mutant strains 1600:1631 the corresponding mutant strains 1600:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 1 18 theme BACKGROUND 145:154 arg1 J1074 175:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 145:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 145:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 9 19 theme dehydrogenase 1974:1986 arg1 form 1995:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form 1961:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 1961:2015 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 9 19 theme dehydrogenase 1974:1986 arg1 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 10 20 contain carrying 2217:2224 arg2 modifications 2226:2238 modifications 2226:2238 modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 2226:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 10 20 contain carrying 2217:2224 arg1 derivatives 2205:2215 the novel paulomycin derivatives 2184:2215 the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 2184:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 3 21 theme products 859:866 arg1 identification 796:809 the identification 792:809 the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, 792:906 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 5 22 theme paulomycins 1245:1255 arg1 pathway 1270:1276 The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 1241:1276 The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 1241:1276 CONCLUSIONS The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. 27001601 1 23 theme albus 169:173 arg1 J1074 175:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 145:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 145:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 4 24 theme L-paulomycose 1075:1087 arg1 moiety 1089:1094 the L-paulomycose moiety 1071:1094 the L-paulomycose moiety 1071:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 5 25 theme L-paulomycose 1408:1420 arg1 biosynthesis 1422:1433 L-paulomycose biosynthesis 1408:1433 L-paulomycose biosynthesis 1408:1433 CONCLUSIONS The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. 27001601 10 26 theme original 2286:2293 arg1 compounds 2295:2303 the original compounds 2282:2303 the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships 2282:2365 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 3 27 theme paulomycin 882:891 arg1 intermediates 893:905 paulomycin intermediates 882:905 paulomycin intermediates 882:905 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 6 28 theme biosynthesis 1528:1539 arg1 steps 1541:1545 specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps 1508:1545 specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains 1508:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 7 29 theme combinatorial 1748:1760 arg1 biosynthesis 1762:1773 combinatorial biosynthesis 1748:1773 combinatorial biosynthesis 1748:1773 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 6 30 theme specific 1508:1515 arg1 steps 1541:1545 specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps 1508:1545 specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains 1508:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 3 31 attach derived 869:875 arg1 intermediates 893:905 paulomycin intermediates 882:905 paulomycin intermediates 882:905 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 3 31 attach derived 869:875 arg2 intermediates 835:847 several biosynthetic intermediates 814:847 several biosynthetic intermediates 814:847 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 3 32 theme biosynthesis 959:970 arg1 pathway 972:978 the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 944:978 the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 944:978 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 4 33 theme combinatorial 1119:1131 arg1 biosynthesis 1133:1144 combinatorial biosynthesis 1119:1144 combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses 1119:1226 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 2 34 from sulfotransferase 506:521 arg1 particular 469:478 particular 469:478 particular 469:478 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 0 35 theme New 0:2 arg1 insights 4:11 New insights 0:11 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 0:143 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 10 36 from modifications 2226:2238 arg1 moiety 2261:2266 the L-paulomycose moiety 2243:2266 the L-paulomycose moiety 2243:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 6 37 theme corresponding 1604:1616 arg1 strains 1625:1631 the corresponding mutant strains 1600:1631 the corresponding mutant strains 1600:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 3 38 theme paulic 706:711 arg1 biosynthesis 718:729 paulic acid biosynthesis 706:729 paulic acid biosynthesis 706:729 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 2 39 theme acid 447:450 arg1 biosynthesis 452:463 paulic acid biosynthesis 440:463 paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase) 440:522 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 0 40 theme biosynthesis 29:40 arg1 pathway 42:48 paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 18:48 paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis 18:142 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 1 41 theme paulic 314:319 arg1 acid 321:324 paulic acid 314:324 paulic acid 314:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 7 42 theme modified 1712:1719 arg1 moieties 1721:1728 L-paulomycose modified moieties 1698:1728 L-paulomycose modified moieties 1698:1728 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 10 43 theme L-paulomycose 2247:2259 arg1 moiety 2261:2266 the L-paulomycose moiety 2243:2266 the L-paulomycose moiety 2243:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 2 44 theme a 504:504 arg1 sulfotransferase 506:521 a sulfotransferase 504:521 a sulfotransferase 504:521 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 6 45 theme products 1576:1583 arg1 characterization 1556:1571 characterization 1556:1571 characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains 1556:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 9 46 theme two-carbon 2066:2075 arg1 chain 2082:2086 a two-carbon side chain 2064:2086 a two-carbon side chain 2064:2086 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 3 47 theme deoxysugar 732:741 arg1 transfer 743:750 deoxysugar transfer 732:750 deoxysugar transfer 732:750 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 8 48 theme certain 1875:1881 arg1 degree 1883:1888 a certain degree 1873:1888 a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars 1873:1945 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 4 49 theme alternative 1203:1213 arg1 deoxyhexoses 1215:1226 alternative deoxyhexoses 1203:1226 alternative deoxyhexoses 1203:1226 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 8 50 theme derivatives 1799:1809 arg1 production 1780:1789 The production 1776:1789 The production of such derivatives 1776:1809 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 2 51 theme paulic 440:445 arg1 biosynthesis 452:463 paulic acid biosynthesis 440:463 paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase) 440:522 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 5 52 theme paulic 1392:1397 arg1 acid 1399:1402 paulic acid 1392:1402 paulic acid 1392:1402 CONCLUSIONS The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. 27001601 7 53 theme paulomycin 1668:1677 arg1 A 1679:1679 paulomycin A 1668:1679 paulomycin A 1668:1679 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 3 54 theme acyl 757:760 arg1 moieties 762:769 acyl moieties 757:769 acyl moieties 757:769 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 10 55 theme structure-activity 2334:2351 arg1 relationships 2353:2365 some interesting structure-activity relationships 2317:2365 some interesting structure-activity relationships 2317:2365 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 8 56 theme glycosyltransferase 1837:1855 arg1 Plm12 1857:1861 L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 1822:1861 L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 1822:1861 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 8 57 theme different 1925:1933 arg1 deoxysugars 1935:1945 different deoxysugars 1925:1945 different deoxysugars 1925:1945 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 1 58 theme glycosylated 190:201 arg1 B 229:229 B 229:229 B 229:229 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 58 theme glycosylated 190:201 arg1 A 226:226 paulomycin A 215:226 paulomycin A 215:226 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 58 theme glycosylated 190:201 arg1 antibiotics 203:213 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E 190:235 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 190:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 58 theme glycosylated 190:201 arg1 E 235:235 E 235:235 E 235:235 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 2 59 dep moieties 584:591 arg1 moieties 584:591 two deoxysugar moieties 569:591 two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose 569:619 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 2 59 dep moieties 584:591 arg1 L-paulomycose 607:619 L-paulomycose 607:619 L-paulomycose 607:619 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 2 59 dep moieties 584:591 arg1 D-allose 594:601 D-allose 594:601 D-allose 594:601 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 1 60 from residue 295:301 arg1 form 306:309 form 306:309 form of paulic acid 306:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 2 61 theme Paulomycins 327:337 arg1 pathway 352:358 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 327:358 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 327:358 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 1 62 theme paulomycin 215:224 arg1 A 226:226 paulomycin A 215:226 paulomycin A 215:226 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 62 theme paulomycin 215:224 arg1 antibiotics 203:213 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E 190:235 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 190:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 3 63 theme several 814:820 arg1 intermediates 835:847 several biosynthetic intermediates 814:847 several biosynthetic intermediates 814:847 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 1 64 dep antibiotics 203:213 arg1 B 229:229 B 229:229 B 229:229 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 64 dep antibiotics 203:213 arg1 A 226:226 paulomycin A 215:226 paulomycin A 215:226 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 64 dep antibiotics 203:213 arg1 antibiotics 203:213 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E 190:235 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 190:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 64 dep antibiotics 203:213 arg1 E 235:235 E 235:235 E 235:235 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 2 65 theme moieties 584:591 arg1 biosynthesis 553:564 the biosynthesis 549:564 the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose 549:619 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 4 66 theme novel 1002:1006 arg1 derivatives 1018:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives 994:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 994:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 3 67 theme shunt 853:857 arg1 products 859:866 shunt products 853:866 shunt products 853:866 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 6 68 theme each 1485:1488 arg1 assignment 1471:1480 the assignment 1467:1480 the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains 1467:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 10 69 theme novel 2188:2192 arg1 derivatives 2205:2215 the novel paulomycin derivatives 2184:2215 the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 2184:2266 The activity of the novel paulomycin derivatives carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety is lower than the original compounds pointing to some interesting structure-activity relationships. 27001601 3 70 theme RESULTS 622:628 arg1 Inactivation 630:641 RESULTS Inactivation 622:641 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer 622:778 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 9 71 attach derived 2089:2095 arg1 pyruvate 2102:2109 pyruvate 2102:2109 pyruvate 2102:2109 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 9 71 attach derived 2089:2095 arg2 chain 2082:2086 a two-carbon side chain 2064:2086 a two-carbon side chain 2064:2086 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 3 72 theme intermediates 835:847 arg1 identification 796:809 the identification 792:809 the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, 792:906 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 3 73 theme refined 925:931 arg1 version 933:939 a refined version 923:939 a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 923:978 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 9 74 theme pyruvate 1965:1972 arg1 form 1995:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form 1961:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 1961:2015 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 9 74 theme pyruvate 1965:1972 arg1 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 1 75 contain contain 269:275 arg2 residue 295:301 an isothiocyanate residue 277:301 an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 277:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 75 contain contain 269:275 arg1 E 235:235 E 235:235 E 235:235 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 75 contain contain 269:275 arg1 A 226:226 paulomycin A 215:226 paulomycin A 215:226 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 75 contain contain 269:275 arg1 antibiotics 203:213 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E 190:235 glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid 190:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 75 contain contain 269:275 arg1 B 229:229 B 229:229 B 229:229 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 1 76 theme Streptomyces 156:167 arg1 J1074 175:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 145:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 145:179 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 9 77 from addition 1951:1958 arg1 form 1995:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form 1961:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 1961:2015 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 9 77 from addition 1951:1958 arg1 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 9 78 theme system 1988:1993 arg1 form 1995:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form 1961:1998 the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 1961:2015 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 9 78 theme system 1988:1993 arg1 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 flexible 2025:2032 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 5 79 theme biosynthesis 1257:1268 arg1 pathway 1270:1276 The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 1241:1276 The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 1241:1276 CONCLUSIONS The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. 27001601 3 80 theme paulomycin 948:957 arg1 pathway 972:978 the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 944:978 the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 944:978 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 2 81 from aminotransferase 483:498 arg1 particular 469:478 particular 469:478 particular 469:478 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 8 82 contain possesses 1863:1871 arg1 Plm12 1857:1861 L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 1822:1861 L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 1822:1861 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 8 82 contain possesses 1863:1871 arg2 degree 1883:1888 a certain degree 1873:1888 a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars 1873:1945 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 0 83 theme novel 96:100 arg1 derivatives 102:112 novel derivatives 96:112 novel derivatives 96:112 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 6 84 theme paulomycin 1517:1526 arg1 steps 1541:1545 specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps 1508:1545 specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains 1508:1631 These experiments have allowed the assignment of each of these genes to specific paulomycin biosynthesis steps based on characterization of products accumulated by the corresponding mutant strains. 27001601 9 85 theme chain 2082:2086 arg1 attachment 2050:2059 the attachment 2046:2059 the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses 2046:2165 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 4 86 theme paulomycins 1033:1043 arg1 derivatives 1018:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives 994:1028 several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 994:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 0 87 from pathway 42:48 arg1 generation 82:91 generation 82:91 generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis 82:142 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 0 87 from pathway 42:48 arg1 J1074 72:76 Streptomyces albus J1074 53:76 Streptomyces albus J1074 53:76 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 3 88 theme pathway 972:978 arg1 version 933:939 a refined version 923:939 a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 923:978 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 2 89 theme deoxysugar 573:582 arg1 moieties 584:591 two deoxysugar moieties 569:591 two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose 569:619 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 2 89 theme deoxysugar 573:582 arg1 L-paulomycose 607:619 L-paulomycose 607:619 L-paulomycose 607:619 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 2 89 theme deoxysugar 573:582 arg1 D-allose 594:601 D-allose 594:601 D-allose 594:601 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 0 90 theme paulomycin 18:27 arg1 pathway 42:48 paulomycin biosynthesis pathway 18:48 paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis 18:142 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 5 91 theme genes 1314:1318 arg1 inactivation 1298:1309 inactivation 1298:1309 inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis 1298:1433 CONCLUSIONS The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. 27001601 0 92 dep Streptomyces 53:64 arg1 albus 66:70 albus 66:70 albus 66:70 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 5 93 dep CONCLUSIONS 1229:1239 arg1 defined 1287:1293 defined 1287:1293 has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis 1278:1433 CONCLUSIONS The paulomycins biosynthesis pathway has been defined by inactivation of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases and enzymes involved in paulic acid and L-paulomycose biosynthesis. 27001601 3 94 theme deoxysugar 681:690 arg1 biosynthesis 692:703 deoxysugar biosynthesis 681:703 deoxysugar biosynthesis 681:703 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 0 95 theme derivatives 102:112 arg1 generation 82:91 generation 82:91 generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis 82:142 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 0 95 theme derivatives 102:112 arg1 J1074 72:76 Streptomyces albus J1074 53:76 Streptomyces albus J1074 53:76 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 0 96 theme Streptomyces 53:64 arg1 J1074 72:76 Streptomyces albus J1074 53:76 Streptomyces albus J1074 53:76 New insights into paulomycin biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces albus J1074 and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 1 97 theme acid 321:324 arg1 form 306:309 form 306:309 form of paulic acid 306:324 BACKGROUND Streptomyces albus J1074 produces glycosylated antibiotics paulomycin A, B and E that derive from chorismate and contain an isothiocyanate residue in form of paulic acid. 27001601 4 98 contain carrying 1045:1052 arg1 paulomycins 1033:1043 paulomycins 1033:1043 paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 1033:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 4 98 contain carrying 1045:1052 arg2 modifications 1054:1066 modifications 1054:1066 modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety 1054:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27001601 8 99 theme such 1794:1797 arg1 derivatives 1799:1809 such derivatives 1794:1809 such derivatives 1794:1809 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 2 100 dep biosynthesis 452:463 arg1 aminotransferase 483:498 an aminotransferase 480:498 an aminotransferase 480:498 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 2 100 dep biosynthesis 452:463 arg1 sulfotransferase 506:521 a sulfotransferase 504:521 a sulfotransferase 504:521 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 7 101 theme L-paulomycose 1698:1710 arg1 moieties 1721:1728 L-paulomycose modified moieties 1698:1728 L-paulomycose modified moieties 1698:1728 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 9 102 theme side 2077:2080 arg1 chain 2082:2086 a two-carbon side chain 2064:2086 a two-carbon side chain 2064:2086 In addition, the pyruvate dehydrogenase system form by Plm8 and Plm9 is also flexible to catalyze the attachment of a two-carbon side chain, derived from pyruvate, into both 2,6-dideoxyhexoses and 2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses. 27001601 3 103 theme acid 713:716 arg1 biosynthesis 718:729 paulic acid biosynthesis 706:729 paulic acid biosynthesis 706:729 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 2 104 theme biosynthesis 339:350 arg1 pathway 352:358 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 327:358 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway 327:358 Paulomycins biosynthesis pathway involves two glycosyltransferases, three acyltransferases, enzymes required for paulic acid biosynthesis (in particular an aminotransferase and a sulfotransferase), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of two deoxysugar moieties: D-allose and L-paulomycose. 27001601 8 105 theme flexibility 1893:1903 arg1 degree 1883:1888 a certain degree 1873:1888 a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars 1873:1945 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 3 106 dep biosynthesis 692:703 arg1 transfer 771:778 transfer 771:778 transfer 771:778 RESULTS Inactivation of genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis, paulic acid biosynthesis, deoxysugar transfer, and acyl moieties transfer has allowed the identification of several biosynthetic intermediates and shunt products, derived from paulomycin intermediates, and to propose a refined version of the paulomycin biosynthesis pathway. 27001601 7 107 theme B 1685:1685 arg1 derivatives 1653:1663 novel derivatives 1647:1663 novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties 1647:1728 In addition, novel derivatives of paulomycin A and B containing L-paulomycose modified moieties were generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. 27001601 8 108 theme L-paulomycosyl 1822:1835 arg1 Plm12 1857:1861 L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 1822:1861 L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 1822:1861 The production of such derivatives shows that L-paulomycosyl glycosyltransferase Plm12 possesses a certain degree of flexibility for the transfer of different deoxysugars. 27001601 4 109 from modifications 1054:1066 arg1 moiety 1089:1094 the L-paulomycose moiety 1071:1094 the L-paulomycose moiety 1071:1094 Furthermore, several novel bioactive derivatives of paulomycins carrying modifications in the L-paulomycose moiety have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis using different plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of alternative deoxyhexoses. 27254751 0 0 theme efficient 74:82 arg1 hydrolysis 84:93 efficient hydrolysis 74:93 efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 74:114 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 1 1 theme Lignocellulosic 153:167 arg1 materials 169:177 Lignocellulosic materials 153:177 Lignocellulosic materials 153:177 Lignocellulosic materials represent a very important and promising source of renewable biomass. 27254751 2 2 contain carry 339:343 arg1 enzymes 326:332 the different enzymes 312:332 the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials 312:380 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 2 2 contain carry 339:343 arg2 bioconversion 349:361 bioconversion 349:361 bioconversion of these materials 349:380 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 8 3 theme Chemical 1399:1406 arg1 Engineers 1408:1416 Chemical Engineers 1399:1416 Chemical Engineers 1399:1416 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 27254751 3 4 theme enzymes 508:514 arg1 proportion 494:503 the proportion 490:503 the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 490:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 6 5 theme Composite 1012:1020 arg1 Design 1032:1037 Central Composite Rotatable Design 1004:1037 Central Composite Rotatable Design 1004:1037 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 4 6 theme enzymatic 813:821 arg1 reaction 823:830 enzymatic reaction 813:830 enzymatic reaction 813:830 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 5 7 theme lignin 898:903 arg1 influence 885:893 the influence 881:893 the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading 881:938 Synergism along the hydrolysis process, besides the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading, were also studied. 27254751 6 8 theme surface 969:975 arg1 methodology 977:987 Response surface methodology 960:987 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design 960:1037 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 6 8 theme surface 969:975 arg1 RSM 990:992 RSM 990:992 RSM 990:992 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 3 9 theme % 690:690 arg1 proportion 662:671 a proportion 660:671 a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively 660:704 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 6 10 theme glucose 1100:1106 arg1 release 1108:1114 glucose release 1100:1114 glucose release 1100:1114 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 7 11 theme protein 1170:1176 arg1 loadings 1178:1185 The optimum solid and protein loadings 1148:1185 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM 1148:1206 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 7 11 theme protein 1170:1176 arg1 cellulose 1233:1241 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose 1213:1241 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose 1213:1241 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 3 12 theme Trichoderma 546:556 arg1 IOC 568:570 Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844 546:575 Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844 546:575 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 0 13 theme bagasse 108:114 arg1 hydrolysis 84:93 efficient hydrolysis 74:93 efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 74:114 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 2 14 theme fermentable 276:286 arg1 sugars 288:293 fermentable sugars 276:293 fermentable sugars 276:293 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 0 15 theme sugarcane 98:106 arg1 bagasse 108:114 sugarcane bagasse 98:114 sugarcane bagasse 98:114 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 7 16 theme hydrolysis 1345:1354 arg1 yield 1356:1360 a hydrolysis yield 1343:1360 a hydrolysis yield of 64% 1343:1367 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 6 17 theme Central 1004:1010 arg1 Design 1032:1037 Central Composite Rotatable Design 1004:1037 Central Composite Rotatable Design 1004:1037 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 3 18 theme Experimental 436:447 arg1 design 457:462 Experimental mixture design 436:462 Experimental mixture design 436:462 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 2 19 theme different 316:324 arg1 enzymes 326:332 the different enzymes 312:332 the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials 312:380 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 7 20 theme % 1367:1367 arg1 yield 1356:1360 a hydrolysis yield 1343:1360 a hydrolysis yield of 64% 1343:1367 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 4 21 theme yield 793:797 arg1 yield 793:797 yield 793:797 yield 793:797 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 4 21 theme yield 793:797 arg1 % 788:788 91% 786:788 91% of yield 786:797 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 6 22 theme protein 1071:1077 arg1 loadings 1079:1086 protein loadings 1071:1086 protein loadings 1071:1086 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 1 23 theme important 196:204 arg1 source 220:225 a very important and promising source 189:225 a very important and promising source of renewable biomass 189:246 Lignocellulosic materials represent a very important and promising source of renewable biomass. 27254751 0 24 theme enzyme 13:18 arg1 cocktail 20:27 an enzyme cocktail 10:27 an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 10:114 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 6 25 theme enzymatic 1120:1128 arg1 hydrolysis 1130:1139 enzymatic hydrolysis yield 1120:1145 enzymatic hydrolysis yield 1120:1145 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 0 26 theme Optimization 117:128 arg1 studies 144:150 Optimization and synergism studies 117:150 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 0:151 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 3 27 theme harzianum 558:566 arg1 IOC 568:570 Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844 546:575 Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844 546:575 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 4 28 theme bagasse 773:779 arg1 g/L 745:747 25 g/L 742:747 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse 742:779 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 4 29 with able 724:727 arg1 yield 793:797 yield 793:797 yield 793:797 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 4 29 with able 724:727 arg1 % 788:788 91% 786:788 91% of yield 786:797 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 3 30 theme native 528:533 arg1 strains 535:541 native strains 528:541 native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 528:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 3 31 theme IOC 568:570 arg1 strains 535:541 native strains 528:541 native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 528:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 1 32 theme promising 210:218 arg1 source 220:225 a very important and promising source 189:225 a very important and promising source of renewable biomass 189:246 Lignocellulosic materials represent a very important and promising source of renewable biomass. 27254751 9 33 dep 2016 1451:1454 arg1 Prog. 1430:1434 Prog. 1430:1434 Prog. 1430:1434 Prog., 32:1222-1229, 2016. 27254751 0 34 theme synergism 134:142 arg1 studies 144:150 Optimization and synergism studies 117:150 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 0:151 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 3 35 theme mixture 449:455 arg1 design 457:462 Experimental mixture design 436:462 Experimental mixture design 436:462 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 3 36 theme ATCC 602:605 arg1 strains 535:541 native strains 528:541 native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 528:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 7 37 dep g/L 1296:1298 arg1 94.1 ± 8 1286:1293 94.1 ± 8 1286:1293 94.1 ± 8 1286:1293 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 2 38 theme factors 401:407 arg1 factors 401:407 the main factors 392:407 the main factors 392:407 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 2 38 theme factors 401:407 arg1 one 385:387 one 385:387 one 385:387 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 0 39 theme cocktail 20:27 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 0:151 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 3 40 theme ATCC 636:639 arg1 1004 641:644 Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 618:644 Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 618:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 4 41 theme sugarcane 763:771 arg1 bagasse 773:779 pretreated sugarcane bagasse 752:779 pretreated sugarcane bagasse 752:779 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 2 42 theme main 396:399 arg1 factors 401:407 the main factors 392:407 the main factors 392:407 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 0 43 theme different 43:51 arg1 platforms 60:68 different fungal platforms 43:68 different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 43:114 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 6 44 theme Response 960:967 arg1 methodology 977:987 Response surface methodology 960:987 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design 960:1037 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 6 44 theme Response 960:967 arg1 RSM 990:992 RSM 990:992 RSM 990:992 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 3 45 theme 1004 641:644 arg1 strains 535:541 native strains 528:541 native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 528:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 3 46 theme Penicillium 578:588 arg1 ATCC 602:605 Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797 578:611 Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797 578:611 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 3 47 dep Aspergillus 618:628 arg1 niger 630:634 niger 630:634 niger 630:634 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 4 48 theme reaction 823:830 arg1 h 808:808 48 h 805:808 48 h of enzymatic reaction 805:830 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 3 49 theme funiculosum 590:600 arg1 ATCC 602:605 Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797 578:611 Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797 578:611 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 7 50 dep cellulose 1233:1241 arg1 mg/g 1228:1231 mg/g 1228:1231 mg/g 1228:1231 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 5 51 theme hydrolysis 853:862 arg1 process 864:870 the hydrolysis process 849:870 the hydrolysis process 849:870 Synergism along the hydrolysis process, besides the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading, were also studied. 27254751 7 52 dep mg/g 1228:1231 arg1 24 1225:1226 24 1225:1226 24 1225:1226 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 7 52 dep mg/g 1228:1231 arg1 g/L 1217:1219 g/L 1217:1219 g/L 1217:1219 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 3 53 theme Aspergillus 618:628 arg1 1004 641:644 Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 618:644 Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 618:644 Experimental mixture design was performed to optimize the proportion of enzymes produced by native strains of Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004, resulting in a proportion of 15, 50, and 35%, respectively. 27254751 5 54 dep lignin 898:903 arg1 loading 932:938 loading 932:938 loading 932:938 Synergism along the hydrolysis process, besides the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading, were also studied. 27254751 1 55 theme renewable 230:238 arg1 biomass 240:246 renewable biomass 230:246 renewable biomass 230:246 Lignocellulosic materials represent a very important and promising source of renewable biomass. 27254751 5 56 theme solids 925:930 arg1 influence 885:893 the influence 881:893 the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading 881:938 Synergism along the hydrolysis process, besides the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading, were also studied. 27254751 6 57 dep hydrolysis 1130:1139 arg1 yield 1141:1145 yield 1141:1145 yield 1141:1145 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 1 58 theme biomass 240:246 arg1 source 220:225 a very important and promising source 189:225 a very important and promising source of renewable biomass 189:246 Lignocellulosic materials represent a very important and promising source of renewable biomass. 27254751 7 59 theme optimum 1152:1158 arg1 loadings 1178:1185 The optimum solid and protein loadings 1148:1185 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM 1148:1206 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 7 59 theme optimum 1152:1158 arg1 cellulose 1233:1241 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose 1213:1241 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose 1213:1241 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 5 60 theme hemicellulose 906:918 arg1 influence 885:893 the influence 881:893 the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading 881:938 Synergism along the hydrolysis process, besides the influence of lignin, hemicellulose, and solids loading, were also studied. 27254751 4 61 theme pretreated 752:761 arg1 bagasse 773:779 pretreated sugarcane bagasse 752:779 pretreated sugarcane bagasse 752:779 This mixture was able to hydrolyze 25 g/L of pretreated sugarcane bagasse with 91% of yield after 48 h of enzymatic reaction. 27254751 6 62 used used 1043:1046 arg2 RSM 990:992 RSM 990:992 RSM 990:992 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 6 62 used used 1043:1046 arg2 methodology 977:987 Response surface methodology 960:987 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design 960:1037 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 2 63 theme materials 372:380 arg1 bioconversion 349:361 bioconversion 349:361 bioconversion of these materials 349:380 In order to turn them into fermentable sugars, synergism among the different enzymes that carry out bioconversion of these materials is one of the main factors that should be considered. 27254751 7 64 theme solid 1160:1164 arg1 loadings 1178:1185 The optimum solid and protein loadings 1148:1185 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM 1148:1206 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 7 64 theme solid 1160:1164 arg1 cellulose 1233:1241 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose 1213:1241 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose 1213:1241 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 27254751 8 65 dep Biotechnol 1418:1427 arg1 Institute 1386:1394 Institute 1386:1394 Institute 1386:1394 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 27254751 0 66 theme fungal 53:58 arg1 platforms 60:68 different fungal platforms 43:68 different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 43:114 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 0 67 dep Design 0:5 arg1 studies 144:150 Optimization and synergism studies 117:150 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 0:151 Design of an enzyme cocktail consisting of different fungal platforms for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: Optimization and synergism studies. 27254751 6 68 theme Rotatable 1022:1030 arg1 Design 1032:1037 Central Composite Rotatable Design 1004:1037 Central Composite Rotatable Design 1004:1037 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Rotatable Design was used to optimize solids and protein loadings to increase glucose release and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. 27254751 7 69 theme glucose 1303:1309 arg1 g/L 1296:1298 (94.1 ± 8) g/L 1285:1298 (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose 1285:1309 The optimum solid and protein loadings established with RSM were 196 g/L and 24 mg/g cellulose, respectively, and under these conditions (94.1 ± 8) g/L of glucose were obtained, corresponding to a hydrolysis yield of 64%. 26061093 7 0 theme foul-smelling 1421:1433 arg1 fruit 1459:1463 the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit 1407:1463 the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit 1407:1463 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 1 1 theme high 153:156 arg1 content 158:164 a high content 151:164 a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 151:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 6 2 theme Headspace 985:993 arg1 SPME 1024:1027 SPME 1024:1027 SPME 1024:1027 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 6 2 theme Headspace 985:993 arg1 microextraction 1007:1021 Headspace solid phase microextraction 985:1021 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 985:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 2 3 theme water 509:513 arg1 presence 497:504 the presence 493:504 the presence of water 493:513 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 3 4 contain has 557:559 arg2 % 588:588 up to 16% 580:588 up to 16% 580:588 The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. 26061093 3 4 contain has 557:559 arg1 propanethiol 544:555 propanethiol 544:555 propanethiol 544:555 The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. 26061093 3 4 contain has 557:559 arg2 affinity 570:577 a higher affinity 561:577 a higher affinity 561:577 The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. 26061093 4 5 theme adsorbent 705:713 arg1 loading 715:721 an adsorbent loading 702:721 an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% 702:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 7 6 theme fruits 1347:1352 arg1 transport 1322:1330 improved transport 1313:1330 improved transport 1313:1330 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 7 6 theme fruits 1347:1352 arg1 storage 1336:1342 storage 1336:1342 storage 1336:1342 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 5 7 with films 889:893 arg1 content 906:912 a CNF content 900:912 a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 900:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 6 8 theme thiol-based 1156:1166 arg1 odors 1168:1172 the volatile thiol-based odors 1143:1172 the volatile thiol-based odors 1143:1172 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 1 9 theme standing 65:72 arg1 films 109:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films 60:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 60:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 2 10 theme computational 316:328 arg1 simulations 330:340 computational simulations 316:340 computational simulations 316:340 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 5 11 theme 10 927:928 arg1 vol 930:932 vol 930:932 vol 930:932 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 4 12 theme Ca-induced 756:765 arg1 gelation 767:774 Ca-induced gelation 756:774 Ca-induced gelation 756:774 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 3 13 dep 16 586:587 arg1 to 583:584 to 583:584 to 583:584 The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. 26061093 7 14 theme nanofibril 1283:1292 arg1 films 1294:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 2 15 contain have 400:403 arg1 silicalite-1 377:388 commercially available silicalite-1 354:388 commercially available silicalite-1 354:388 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 15 contain have 400:403 arg2 affinity 412:419 a high affinity 405:419 a high affinity 405:419 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 15 contain have 400:403 arg1 ZSM-5 394:398 ZSM-5 394:398 ZSM-5 394:398 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 15 contain have 400:403 arg2 uptake 425:430 uptake 425:430 uptake of volatile odors 425:448 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 5 16 theme composite 844:852 arg1 films 854:858 composite films 844:858 composite films 844:858 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 4 17 theme vacuum 780:785 arg1 filtration 787:796 vacuum filtration 780:796 vacuum filtration 780:796 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 5 18 theme thick 871:875 arg1 films 889:893 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films 864:893 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films 864:893 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 4 19 theme free-standing 665:677 arg1 films 691:695 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films 638:695 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% 638:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 5 20 theme CNF 902:904 arg1 content 906:912 a CNF content 900:912 a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 900:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 1 21 theme odor-removing 85:97 arg1 films 109:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films 60:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 60:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 6 22 theme GC/MS 1079:1083 arg1 analysis 1086:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 1 23 theme nanoporous 169:178 arg1 adsorbents 188:197 nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 169:197 nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 169:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 0 24 theme Composite 22:30 arg1 Films 32:36 Composite Films 22:36 Composite Films for Odor Elimination 22:57 Nanocellulose-Zeolite Composite Films for Odor Elimination. 26061093 6 25 theme volatile 1147:1154 arg1 odors 1168:1172 the volatile thiol-based odors 1143:1172 the volatile thiol-based odors 1143:1172 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 1 26 theme composite 99:107 arg1 films 109:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films 60:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 60:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 6 27 theme chromatography-mass 1045:1063 arg1 analysis 1086:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 1 28 theme zeolite 180:186 arg1 adsorbents 188:197 nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 169:197 nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 169:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 6 29 theme system 1243:1248 arg1 ability 1212:1218 the detection ability 1198:1218 the detection ability of the human olfactory system 1198:1248 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 7 30 theme tasty 1411:1415 arg1 fruit 1459:1463 the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit 1407:1463 the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit 1407:1463 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 1 31 theme adsorbents 188:197 arg1 content 158:164 a high content 151:164 a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 151:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 5 32 theme films 854:858 arg1 strength 828:835 the strength 824:835 the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 824:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 6 33 theme spectroscopy 1065:1076 arg1 analysis 1086:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 5 34 with films 854:858 arg1 content 906:912 a CNF content 900:912 a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 900:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 7 35 theme Odor 1251:1254 arg1 films 1294:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 5 36 theme % 934:934 arg1 content 906:912 a CNF content 900:912 a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 900:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 1 37 with films 109:113 arg1 content 158:164 a high content 151:164 a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 151:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 4 38 with films 691:695 arg1 loading 715:721 an adsorbent loading 702:721 an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% 702:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 1 39 theme cellulose 118:126 arg1 CNF 141:143 CNF 141:143 CNF 141:143 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 1 39 theme cellulose 118:126 arg1 nanofibrils 128:138 cellulose nanofibrils 118:138 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 118:144 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 5 40 theme films 889:893 arg1 strength 828:835 the strength 824:835 the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 824:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 7 41 theme improved 1313:1320 arg1 transport 1322:1330 improved transport 1313:1330 improved transport 1313:1330 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 7 42 from rich 1369:1372 arg1 odors 1377:1381 odors 1377:1381 odors 1377:1381 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 3 43 theme higher 563:568 arg1 affinity 570:577 a higher affinity 561:577 a higher affinity 561:577 The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. 26061093 3 43 theme higher 563:568 arg1 % 588:588 up to 16% 580:588 up to 16% 580:588 The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. 26061093 6 44 theme olfactory 1233:1241 arg1 system 1243:1248 the human olfactory system 1223:1248 the human olfactory system 1223:1248 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 4 45 theme zeolite-CNF 679:689 arg1 films 691:695 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films 638:695 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% 638:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 2 46 theme odors 444:448 arg1 uptake 425:430 uptake 425:430 uptake of volatile odors 425:448 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 46 theme odors 444:448 arg1 affinity 412:419 a high affinity 405:419 a high affinity 405:419 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 0 47 theme Odor 42:45 arg1 Elimination 47:57 Odor Elimination 42:57 Odor Elimination 42:57 Nanocellulose-Zeolite Composite Films for Odor Elimination. 26061093 2 48 theme desorption 250:259 arg1 TGA 271:273 TGA 271:273 TGA 271:273 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 48 theme desorption 250:259 arg1 analysis 261:268 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis 232:268 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) 232:274 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 49 theme volatile 435:442 arg1 odors 444:448 volatile odors 435:448 volatile odors 435:448 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 7 50 from odors 1377:1381 arg1 rich 1369:1372 rich 1369:1372 rich 1369:1372 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 2 51 theme Thermogravimetric 232:248 arg1 TGA 271:273 TGA 271:273 TGA 271:273 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 2 51 theme Thermogravimetric 232:248 arg1 analysis 261:268 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis 232:268 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) 232:274 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 7 52 theme Durian 1452:1457 arg1 fruit 1459:1463 the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit 1407:1463 the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit 1407:1463 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 1 53 theme nanofibrils 128:138 arg1 films 109:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films 60:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 60:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 6 54 theme gas 1041:1043 arg1 analysis 1086:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 1041:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 6 55 theme CNF-zeolite 1111:1121 arg1 films 1123:1127 the CNF-zeolite films 1107:1127 the CNF-zeolite films 1107:1127 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 7 56 theme rich 1369:1372 arg1 fruits 1347:1352 fruits 1347:1352 fruits 1347:1352 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 5 57 dep films 854:858 arg1 the 840:842 the 840:842 the 840:842 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 6 58 theme human 1227:1231 arg1 system 1243:1248 the human olfactory system 1223:1248 the human olfactory system 1223:1248 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 2 59 theme available 367:375 arg1 silicalite-1 377:388 commercially available silicalite-1 354:388 commercially available silicalite-1 354:388 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 5 60 theme zeolite-CNF 877:887 arg1 films 889:893 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films 864:893 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films 864:893 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 2 61 theme infrared 280:287 arg1 spectroscopy 289:300 infrared spectroscopy 280:300 infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations 280:340 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 6 62 theme detection 1202:1210 arg1 ability 1212:1218 the detection ability 1198:1218 the detection ability of the human olfactory system 1198:1248 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 4 63 theme w/w 729:731 arg1 % 732:732 89 w/w% 726:732 89 w/w% 726:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 4 64 theme % 732:732 arg1 loading 715:721 an adsorbent loading 702:721 an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% 702:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 4 65 theme flexible 645:652 arg1 films 691:695 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films 638:695 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% 638:732 Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. 26061093 7 66 theme vegetables 1358:1367 arg1 transport 1322:1330 improved transport 1313:1330 improved transport 1313:1330 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 7 66 theme vegetables 1358:1367 arg1 storage 1336:1342 storage 1336:1342 storage 1336:1342 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 2 67 theme high 407:410 arg1 affinity 412:419 a high affinity 405:419 a high affinity 405:419 Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. 26061093 5 68 theme μm 868:869 arg1 films 889:893 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films 864:893 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films 864:893 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 6 69 theme phase 1001:1005 arg1 SPME 1024:1027 SPME 1024:1027 SPME 1024:1027 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 6 69 theme phase 1001:1005 arg1 microextraction 1007:1021 Headspace solid phase microextraction 985:1021 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 985:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 5 70 theme tensile 948:954 arg1 strength 956:963 a tensile strength 946:963 a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa 946:982 The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. 26061093 1 71 theme Free 60:63 arg1 films 109:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films 60:113 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents 60:197 Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. 26061093 7 72 theme zeolite-cellulose 1265:1281 arg1 films 1294:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 7 73 theme removing 1256:1263 arg1 films 1294:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films 1251:1298 Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit. 26061093 6 74 theme solid 995:999 arg1 SPME 1024:1027 SPME 1024:1027 SPME 1024:1027 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 26061093 6 74 theme solid 995:999 arg1 microextraction 1007:1021 Headspace solid phase microextraction 985:1021 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 985:1093 Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. 25197770 7 0 theme magnetic 1083:1090 arg1 beads 1092:1096 magnetic beads 1083:1096 magnetic beads 1083:1096 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 6 1 theme beads 945:949 arg1 ratio 936:940 The swelling ratio 923:940 The swelling ratio of beads 923:949 The swelling ratio of beads indicated pH-dependent properties with maximum water absorbing at pH 7.4. 25197770 6 2 theme maximum 990:996 arg1 water 998:1002 maximum water 990:1002 maximum water absorbing at pH 7.4 990:1022 The swelling ratio of beads indicated pH-dependent properties with maximum water absorbing at pH 7.4. 25197770 1 3 theme magnetic 172:179 arg1 beads 198:202 magnetic and pH-sensitive beads 172:202 magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers 172:280 This work describes the preparation of magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers. 25197770 4 4 theme beads 546:550 arg1 WA 530:531 WA 530:531 WA 530:531 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 4 4 theme beads 546:550 arg1 absorbency 518:527 the water absorbency 508:527 the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads 508:550 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 7 5 theme high 1125:1128 arg1 content 1130:1136 the high content 1121:1136 the high content of carrageenan component 1121:1161 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 9 6 dep cumulative 1339:1348 arg1 releases 1350:1357 releases 1350:1357 releases 1350:1357 The maximum cumulative releases obtained were 98 and 43% at pH values 7.4 and 1.2, respectively. 25197770 3 7 theme VSM 486:488 arg1 techniques 490:499 VSM techniques 486:499 VSM techniques 486:499 The produced magnetite beads were thoroughly characterized by TEM, SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and VSM techniques. 25197770 4 8 from decrease 658:665 arg1 g/g 699:701 15.4 to 6.3 g/g 687:701 15.4 to 6.3 g/g 687:701 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 4 8 from decrease 658:665 arg1 capacity 673:680 WA capacity 670:680 WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g 670:701 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 4 9 theme magnetic 537:544 arg1 beads 546:550 magnetic beads 537:550 magnetic beads 537:550 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 0 10 theme drug 118:121 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 10 theme drug 118:121 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 5 11 theme cations 896:902 arg1 composition 844:854 the composition 840:854 the composition of hydrogel beads 840:872 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 11 theme cations 896:902 arg1 type 882:885 the type 878:885 the type of metal cations 878:902 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 4 12 theme magnetic 626:633 arg1 nanoparticles 635:647 magnetic nanoparticles 626:647 magnetic nanoparticles 626:647 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 8 13 dep in 1168:1169 arg1 vitro 1171:1175 vitro 1171:1175 vitro 1171:1175 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 8 14 from hydrogels 1203:1211 arg1 studies 1190:1196 The in vitro drug release studies 1164:1196 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels 1164:1211 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 4 15 theme WA 670:671 arg1 capacity 673:680 WA capacity 670:680 WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g 670:701 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 10 16 theme drug 1501:1504 arg1 release 1490:1496 the cumulative release 1475:1496 the cumulative release of drug 1475:1504 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles influenced the cumulative release of drug. 25197770 5 17 theme NaCl 759:762 arg1 solutions 780:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 2 18 theme K 312:312 arg1 ions 324:327 K(+)/Ca(2+) ions 312:327 K(+)/Ca(2+) ions 312:327 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 8 19 theme in 1168:1169 arg1 studies 1190:1196 The in vitro drug release studies 1164:1196 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels 1164:1211 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 1 20 theme pH-sensitive 185:196 arg1 beads 198:202 magnetic and pH-sensitive beads 172:202 magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers 172:280 This work describes the preparation of magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers. 25197770 9 21 theme pH 1387:1388 arg1 values 1390:1395 pH values 7.4 and 1.2 1387:1407 pH values 7.4 and 1.2 1387:1407 The maximum cumulative releases obtained were 98 and 43% at pH values 7.4 and 1.2, respectively. 25197770 2 22 link cross-linked 357:368 arg1 beads 388:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 7 23 theme pH-sensitivity 1065:1078 arg1 strength 1053:1060 the strength 1049:1060 the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads 1049:1096 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 7 23 theme pH-sensitivity 1065:1078 arg1 low 1102:1104 low 1102:1104 low 1102:1104 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 8 24 theme pH 1287:1288 arg1 values 1290:1295 physiological-simulated pH values 1263:1295 physiological-simulated pH values 1263:1295 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 1 25 theme beads 198:202 arg1 preparation 157:167 the preparation 153:167 the preparation of magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers 153:280 This work describes the preparation of magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers. 25197770 0 26 theme κ-carrageenan/sodium 22:41 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 26 theme κ-carrageenan/sodium 22:41 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 26 theme κ-carrageenan/sodium 22:41 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 26 theme κ-carrageenan/sodium 22:41 arg1 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 8 27 theme external 1301:1308 arg1 fields 1319:1324 external magnetic fields 1301:1324 external magnetic fields 1301:1324 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 2 28 theme hydrogel 379:386 arg1 beads 388:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 0 29 theme Magnetic/pH-sensitive 0:20 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 29 theme Magnetic/pH-sensitive 0:20 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 29 theme Magnetic/pH-sensitive 0:20 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 29 theme Magnetic/pH-sensitive 0:20 arg1 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 4 30 from g/g 699:701 arg1 decrease 658:665 a decrease 656:665 a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g 656:701 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 4 30 from g/g 699:701 arg1 capacity 673:680 WA capacity 670:680 WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g 670:701 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 8 31 theme values 1290:1295 arg1 subject 1252:1258 the subject 1248:1258 the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields 1248:1324 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 2 32 theme magnetic 370:377 arg1 beads 388:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 0 33 theme hydrogel 52:59 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 33 theme hydrogel 52:59 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 33 theme hydrogel 52:59 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 33 theme hydrogel 52:59 arg1 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 2 34 theme /Ca 316:318 arg1 ions 324:327 K(+)/Ca(2+) ions 312:327 K(+)/Ca(2+) ions 312:327 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 8 35 theme drug 1177:1180 arg1 studies 1190:1196 The in vitro drug release studies 1164:1196 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels 1164:1211 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 0 36 theme alginate 43:50 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 36 theme alginate 43:50 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 36 theme alginate 43:50 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 36 theme alginate 43:50 arg1 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 5 37 theme swelling 907:914 arg1 media 916:920 swelling media 907:920 swelling media 907:920 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 38 theme metal 890:894 arg1 cations 896:902 metal cations 890:902 metal cations 890:902 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 39 theme CaCl2 774:778 arg1 solutions 780:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 3 40 theme magnetite 408:416 arg1 beads 418:422 The produced magnetite beads 395:422 The produced magnetite beads 395:422 The produced magnetite beads were thoroughly characterized by TEM, SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and VSM techniques. 25197770 5 41 from Investigation 704:716 arg1 swelling 725:732 the swelling 721:732 the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 721:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 42 theme beads 821:825 arg1 disintegration 803:816 the disintegration 799:816 the disintegration of beads 799:825 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 1 43 theme sodium 231:236 arg1 alginate 238:245 sodium alginate 231:245 sodium alginate 231:245 This work describes the preparation of magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers. 25197770 0 44 theme nanocomposite 61:73 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 44 theme nanocomposite 61:73 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 44 theme nanocomposite 61:73 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 44 theme nanocomposite 61:73 arg1 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 5 45 theme hydrogel 741:748 arg1 beads 750:754 the hydrogel beads 737:754 the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 737:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 6 46 theme swelling 927:934 arg1 ratio 936:940 The swelling ratio 923:940 The swelling ratio of beads 923:949 The swelling ratio of beads indicated pH-dependent properties with maximum water absorbing at pH 7.4. 25197770 5 47 theme KCl 765:767 arg1 solutions 780:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 48 from solutions 780:788 arg1 swelling 725:732 the swelling 721:732 the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 721:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 4 49 theme κ-carrageenan 599:611 arg1 ratio 590:594 the weight ratio 579:594 the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan 579:611 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 5 50 theme beads 750:754 arg1 swelling 725:732 the swelling 721:732 the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 721:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 8 51 theme physiological-simulated 1263:1285 arg1 values 1290:1295 physiological-simulated pH values 1263:1295 physiological-simulated pH values 1263:1295 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 10 52 theme cumulative 1479:1488 arg1 release 1490:1496 the cumulative release 1475:1496 the cumulative release of drug 1475:1504 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles influenced the cumulative release of drug. 25197770 0 53 dep beads 75:79 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 53 dep beads 75:79 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 53 dep beads 75:79 arg1 delivery 123:130 drug delivery 118:130 drug delivery 118:130 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 53 dep beads 75:79 arg1 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 preparation 82:92 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 3 54 theme produced 399:406 arg1 beads 418:422 The produced magnetite beads 395:422 The produced magnetite beads 395:422 The produced magnetite beads were thoroughly characterized by TEM, SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and VSM techniques. 25197770 10 55 theme magnetite 1440:1448 arg1 nanoparticles 1450:1462 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles 1424:1462 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles 1424:1462 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles influenced the cumulative release of drug. 25197770 5 56 from swelling 725:732 arg1 solutions 780:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 57 theme hydrogel 859:866 arg1 beads 868:872 hydrogel beads 859:872 hydrogel beads 859:872 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 4 58 theme water 512:516 arg1 WA 530:531 WA 530:531 WA 530:531 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 4 58 theme water 512:516 arg1 absorbency 518:527 the water absorbency 508:527 the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads 508:550 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 10 59 theme Introducing 1428:1438 arg1 nanoparticles 1450:1462 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles 1424:1462 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles 1424:1462 The Introducing magnetite nanoparticles influenced the cumulative release of drug. 25197770 7 60 with beads 1110:1114 arg1 content 1130:1136 the high content 1121:1136 the high content of carrageenan component 1121:1161 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 5 61 theme beads 868:872 arg1 composition 844:854 the composition 840:854 the composition of hydrogel beads 840:872 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 5 61 theme beads 868:872 arg1 type 882:885 the type 878:885 the type of metal cations 878:902 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 8 62 theme fields 1319:1324 arg1 subject 1252:1258 the subject 1248:1258 the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields 1248:1324 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 6 63 theme pH-dependent 961:972 arg1 properties 974:983 pH-dependent properties 961:983 pH-dependent properties 961:983 The swelling ratio of beads indicated pH-dependent properties with maximum water absorbing at pH 7.4. 25197770 9 64 from values 1390:1395 arg1 % 1382:1382 98 and 43% 1373:1382 98 and 43% 1373:1382 The maximum cumulative releases obtained were 98 and 43% at pH values 7.4 and 1.2, respectively. 25197770 9 64 from values 1390:1395 arg1 cumulative 1339:1348 cumulative 1339:1348 cumulative 1339:1348 The maximum cumulative releases obtained were 98 and 43% at pH values 7.4 and 1.2, respectively. 25197770 2 65 theme Physical 283:290 arg1 cross-linking 292:304 Physical cross-linking 283:304 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions 283:327 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 4 66 dep 6.3 695:697 arg1 to 692:693 to 692:693 to 692:693 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 8 67 theme significant 1223:1233 arg1 behaviors 1235:1243 significant behaviors 1223:1243 significant behaviors 1223:1243 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 0 68 theme swelling 95:102 arg1 behavior 104:111 swelling behavior 95:111 swelling behavior 95:111 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 0 68 theme swelling 95:102 arg1 beads 75:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads 0:79 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 0:131 Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery. 25197770 8 69 theme release 1182:1188 arg1 studies 1190:1196 The in vitro drug release studies 1164:1196 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels 1164:1211 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 8 70 theme magnetic 1310:1317 arg1 fields 1319:1324 external magnetic fields 1301:1324 external magnetic fields 1301:1324 The in vitro drug release studies from hydrogels exhibited significant behaviors on the subject of physiological-simulated pH values and external magnetic fields. 25197770 2 71 theme cross-linked 357:368 arg1 beads 388:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 4 72 theme weight 583:588 arg1 ratio 590:594 the weight ratio 579:594 the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan 579:611 While the water absorbency (WA) of magnetic beads was enhanced by increasing the weight ratio of κ-carrageenan, introducing magnetic nanoparticles caused a decrease in WA capacity from 15.4 to 6.3 g/g. 25197770 7 73 theme carrageenan 1141:1151 arg1 component 1153:1161 carrageenan component 1141:1161 carrageenan component 1141:1161 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 5 74 from beads 750:754 arg1 solutions 780:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions 759:788 Investigation on the swelling of the hydrogel beads in NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions revealed the disintegration of beads depending on the composition of hydrogel beads and the type of metal cations in swelling media. 25197770 7 75 theme beads 1092:1096 arg1 pH-sensitivity 1065:1078 pH-sensitivity 1065:1078 pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads 1065:1096 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 2 76 theme ionic 351:355 arg1 beads 388:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads 351:392 Physical cross-linking using K(+)/Ca(2+) ions was applied to obtain ionic cross-linked magnetic hydrogel beads. 25197770 7 77 theme component 1153:1161 arg1 content 1130:1136 the high content 1121:1136 the high content of carrageenan component 1121:1161 Also, it was found that the strength of pH-sensitivity of magnetic beads was low for beads with the high content of carrageenan component. 25197770 1 78 theme drug-targeting 258:271 arg1 carriers 273:280 drug-targeting carriers 258:280 drug-targeting carriers 258:280 This work describes the preparation of magnetic and pH-sensitive beads based on κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate for use as drug-targeting carriers. 28372176 2 0 theme internal 527:534 arg1 technique 545:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 4 1 theme other 916:920 arg1 factors 926:932 the other two factors 912:932 the other two factors 912:932 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 5 2 theme 785nm 1133:1137 arg1 efficiency 1087:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency 1060:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% 1060:1104 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 2 theme 785nm 1133:1137 arg1 size 1125:1128 a nanoparticle size 1110:1128 a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1110:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 3 theme surfactant 383:392 arg1 content 394:400 surfactant content 383:400 surfactant content 383:400 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 4 theme energy 520:525 arg1 technique 545:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 5 from CaCl2 368:372 arg1 size 409:412 size 409:412 size 409:412 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 5 from CaCl2 368:372 arg1 efficiency 432:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 6 from alginate 358:365 arg1 size 409:412 size 409:412 size 409:412 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 6 from alginate 358:365 arg1 efficiency 432:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 4 7 theme nanoparticles 808:820 arg1 size 800:803 the size 796:803 the size of nanoparticles 796:820 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 3 8 theme higher 617:622 arg1 oil 624:626 higher oil and surfactant contents 617:650 oil 624:626 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 5 9 theme nanoparticle 1112:1123 arg1 size 1125:1128 a nanoparticle size 1110:1128 a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1110:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 10 from oil 375:377 arg1 size 409:412 size 409:412 size 409:412 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 10 from oil 375:377 arg1 efficiency 432:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 3 11 theme nanoparticles 590:602 arg1 size 582:585 size 582:585 size of nanoparticles 582:602 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 5 12 theme 100ml 996:1000 arg1 surfactant 1002:1011 100ml surfactant 996:1011 100ml surfactant 996:1011 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 1 13 theme vegetable 218:226 arg1 oils 228:231 vegetable oils 218:231 vegetable oils containing surfactant 218:253 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 5 14 with treatment 1045:1053 arg1 efficiency 1087:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency 1060:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% 1060:1104 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 14 with treatment 1045:1053 arg1 size 1125:1128 a nanoparticle size 1110:1128 a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1110:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 15 theme low 516:518 arg1 technique 545:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 5 16 theme 400ml 969:973 arg1 oil 975:977 400ml oil 969:977 400ml oil 969:977 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 0 17 theme alginate 96:103 arg1 gelation 84:91 emulsification/internal gelation 60:91 emulsification/internal gelation of alginate 60:103 Development of a nutraceutical nano-delivery system through emulsification/internal gelation of alginate. 28372176 1 18 theme Alginate 106:113 arg1 nano/microspheres 115:131 Alginate nano/microspheres 106:131 Alginate nano/microspheres 106:131 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 5 19 theme % 957:957 arg1 alginate 959:966 0.5% alginate 954:966 0.5% alginate 954:966 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 20 theme oil 975:977 arg1 composition 939:949 The composition 935:949 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant 935:1011 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 20 theme oil 975:977 arg1 treatment 1045:1053 the optimized treatment 1031:1053 the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1031:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 21 theme % 1104:1104 arg1 efficiency 1087:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency 1060:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% 1060:1104 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 21 theme % 1104:1104 arg1 size 1125:1128 a nanoparticle size 1110:1128 a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1110:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 0 22 theme nutraceutical 17:29 arg1 system 45:50 a nutraceutical nano-delivery system 15:50 a nutraceutical nano-delivery system 15:50 Development of a nutraceutical nano-delivery system through emulsification/internal gelation of alginate. 28372176 4 23 theme alginate 841:848 arg1 concentration 850:862 alginate concentration 841:862 alginate concentration 841:862 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 2 24 from content 394:400 arg1 size 409:412 size 409:412 size 409:412 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 24 from content 394:400 arg1 efficiency 432:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 5 25 theme CaCl2 986:990 arg1 composition 939:949 The composition 935:949 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant 935:1011 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 25 theme CaCl2 986:990 arg1 treatment 1045:1053 the optimized treatment 1031:1053 the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1031:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 26 theme peppermint 470:479 arg1 extract 490:496 peppermint phenolic extract 470:496 peppermint phenolic extract 470:496 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 3 27 theme alginate 688:695 arg1 concentrations 697:710 lower alginate concentrations 682:710 lower alginate concentrations 682:710 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 5 28 theme 0.05M 980:984 arg1 CaCl2 986:990 0.05M CaCl2 980:990 0.05M CaCl2 980:990 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 29 theme nanocarriers 446:457 arg1 size 409:412 size 409:412 size 409:412 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 29 theme nanocarriers 446:457 arg1 efficiency 432:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 0 30 theme system 45:50 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a nutraceutical nano-delivery system through emulsification/internal gelation of alginate. 0:104 Development of a nutraceutical nano-delivery system through emulsification/internal gelation of alginate. 28372176 4 31 theme encapsulation 741:753 arg1 efficiency 755:764 the encapsulation efficiency 737:764 the encapsulation efficiency 737:764 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 4 31 theme encapsulation 741:753 arg1 proportional 780:791 proportional 780:791 proportional 780:791 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 1 32 contain containing 233:242 arg2 surfactant 244:253 surfactant 244:253 surfactant 244:253 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 1 32 contain containing 233:242 arg1 oils 228:231 vegetable oils 218:231 vegetable oils containing surfactant 218:253 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 5 33 theme optimized 1035:1043 arg1 composition 939:949 The composition 935:949 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant 935:1011 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 33 theme optimized 1035:1043 arg1 treatment 1045:1053 the optimized treatment 1031:1053 the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1031:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 0 34 theme nano-delivery 31:43 arg1 system 45:50 a nutraceutical nano-delivery system 15:50 a nutraceutical nano-delivery system 15:50 Development of a nutraceutical nano-delivery system through emulsification/internal gelation of alginate. 28372176 2 35 theme phenolic 481:488 arg1 extract 490:496 peppermint phenolic extract 470:496 peppermint phenolic extract 470:496 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 1 36 theme CaCl2 268:272 arg1 addition 274:281 CaCl2 addition 268:281 CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles 268:313 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 0 37 theme emulsification/internal 60:82 arg1 gelation 84:91 emulsification/internal gelation 60:91 emulsification/internal gelation of alginate 60:103 Development of a nutraceutical nano-delivery system through emulsification/internal gelation of alginate. 28372176 4 38 theme surfactant 868:877 arg1 content 879:885 surfactant content 868:885 surfactant content 868:885 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 3 39 theme lower 682:686 arg1 concentrations 697:710 lower alginate concentrations 682:710 lower alginate concentrations 682:710 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 4 40 theme content 879:885 arg1 higher 900:905 higher 900:905 higher 900:905 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 4 40 theme content 879:885 arg1 impact 831:836 the impact 827:836 the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content 827:885 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 5 41 theme 0.5 954:956 arg1 % 957:957 % 957:957 % 957:957 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 42 theme encapsulation 418:430 arg1 efficiency 432:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 encapsulation efficiency 418:441 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 5 43 theme reasonable 1062:1071 arg1 efficiency 1087:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency 1060:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% 1060:1104 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 3 44 theme surfactant 632:641 arg1 contents 643:650 higher oil and surfactant contents 617:650 contents 643:650 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 1 45 theme emulsification/internal 149:171 arg1 gelation 173:180 emulsification/internal gelation 149:180 emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant 149:253 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 5 46 theme encapsulation 1073:1085 arg1 efficiency 1087:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency 1060:1096 a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% 1060:1104 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 2 47 dep size 409:412 arg1 the 405:407 the 405:407 the 405:407 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 4 48 theme concentration 850:862 arg1 higher 900:905 higher 900:905 higher 900:905 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 4 48 theme concentration 850:862 arg1 impact 831:836 the impact 827:836 the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content 827:885 Also, it was found that the encapsulation efficiency was inversely proportional to the size of nanoparticles, and the impact of alginate concentration and surfactant content was markedly higher than the other two factors. 28372176 5 49 theme alginate 959:966 arg1 composition 939:949 The composition 935:949 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant 935:1011 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 49 theme alginate 959:966 arg1 treatment 1045:1053 the optimized treatment 1031:1053 the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1031:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 50 theme surfactant 1002:1011 arg1 composition 939:949 The composition 935:949 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant 935:1011 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 5 50 theme surfactant 1002:1011 arg1 treatment 1045:1053 the optimized treatment 1031:1053 the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm 1031:1137 The composition of 0.5% alginate, 400ml oil, 0.05M CaCl2 and 100ml surfactant was recognized as the optimized treatment with a reasonable encapsulation efficiency of 5.6% and a nanoparticle size of 785nm. 28372176 3 51 theme CaCl2 672:676 arg1 contents 643:650 higher oil and surfactant contents 617:650 contents 643:650 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 3 51 theme CaCl2 672:676 arg1 molarity 660:667 higher molarity 653:667 higher molarity of CaCl2 653:676 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 3 51 theme CaCl2 672:676 arg1 concentrations 697:710 lower alginate concentrations 682:710 lower alginate concentrations 682:710 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 3 51 theme CaCl2 672:676 arg1 oil 624:626 higher oil and surfactant contents 617:650 oil 624:626 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 1 52 theme alginate 192:199 arg1 gelation 173:180 emulsification/internal gelation 149:180 emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant 149:253 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 2 53 contain containing 459:468 arg1 nanocarriers 446:457 nanocarriers 446:457 nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract 446:496 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 2 53 contain containing 459:468 arg2 extract 490:496 peppermint phenolic extract 470:496 peppermint phenolic extract 470:496 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 3 54 theme higher 653:658 arg1 molarity 660:667 higher molarity 653:667 higher molarity of CaCl2 653:676 The results revealed that size of nanoparticles decreased at higher oil and surfactant contents, higher molarity of CaCl2 and lower alginate concentrations. 28372176 1 55 theme sodium 185:190 arg1 alginate 192:199 sodium alginate 185:199 sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant 185:253 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 2 56 theme gelation 536:543 arg1 technique 545:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 a low energy internal gelation technique 514:553 In this work, the impact was evaluated of alginate, CaCl2, oil and surfactant content on the size and encapsulation efficiency of nanocarriers containing peppermint phenolic extract and prepared by a low energy internal gelation technique. 28372176 1 57 dep produced 137:144 arg1 followed 256:263 followed 256:263 followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles 256:313 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 28372176 1 58 theme hardened 296:303 arg1 particles 305:313 hardened particles 296:313 hardened particles 296:313 Alginate nano/microspheres are produced by emulsification/internal gelation of sodium alginate dispersed within vegetable oils containing surfactant, followed by CaCl2 addition resulting in hardened particles. 27448857 18 0 theme low-moisture 2500:2511 arg1 functionality 2459:2471 functionality 2459:2471 functionality 2459:2471 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 18 0 theme low-moisture 2500:2511 arg1 texture 2450:2456 texture 2450:2456 texture 2450:2456 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 18 0 theme low-moisture 2500:2511 arg1 properties 2486:2495 sensory properties 2478:2495 sensory properties 2478:2495 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 6 1 from level 1084:1088 arg1 1.0 1091:1093 1.0 1091:1093 1.0 1091:1093 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 1 from level 1084:1088 arg1 one 1071:1073 one 1071:1073 one 1071:1073 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 18 2 theme constant 2359:2366 arg1 level 2375:2379 a constant casein level 2357:2379 a constant casein level 2357:2379 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 10 3 theme higher 1510:1515 arg1 values 1520:1525 higher pH values 1510:1525 higher pH values 1510:1525 Cheeses made with LLC milk had higher pH values than the other cheeses throughout ripening. 27448857 16 4 theme softening 2122:2130 arg1 index 2113:2117 an index 2110:2117 an index of softening 2110:2130 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 16 4 theme softening 2122:2130 arg1 LT=1 2080:2083 LT=1 2080:2083 LT=1 (crossover temperature) 2080:2107 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 3 5 from concentration 614:626 arg1 milk 635:638 the milk 631:638 the milk before cheesemaking 631:658 In this study, we explored an alternative approach: adjusting the initial lactose concentration in the milk before cheesemaking. 27448857 6 6 theme medium 1042:1047 arg1 level 1049:1053 a medium level 1040:1053 a medium level 1040:1053 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 9 7 contain had 1374:1376 arg2 values 1389:1394 similar pH values 1378:1394 similar pH values 1378:1394 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 9 7 contain had 1374:1376 arg1 cheeses 1366:1372 All cheeses 1362:1372 All cheeses 1362:1372 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 6 8 from level 989:993 arg1 one 975:977 one 975:977 one 975:977 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 1 9 theme cheese 176:181 arg1 functionality 135:147 functionality 135:147 functionality 135:147 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 1 9 theme cheese 176:181 arg1 quality 154:160 quality 154:160 quality 154:160 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 1 9 theme cheese 176:181 arg1 texture 126:132 texture 126:132 texture 126:132 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 12 10 theme HLC 1723:1725 arg1 cheese 1727:1732 HLC cheese 1723:1732 HLC cheese 1723:1732 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 9 11 theme total 1455:1459 arg1 contents 1469:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 7 12 contain had 1112:1114 arg2 content 1159:1165 fat (2.5%) content 1148:1165 fat (2.5%) content 1148:1165 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 7 12 contain had 1112:1114 arg2 % 1141:1141 2.5% 1138:1141 2.5% 1138:1141 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 7 12 contain had 1112:1114 arg1 milks 1106:1110 All milks 1102:1110 All milks 1102:1110 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 7 12 contain had 1112:1114 arg2 casein 1130:1135 similar total casein 1116:1135 similar total casein (2.5%) 1116:1142 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 6 13 theme low 1080:1082 arg1 level 1084:1088 a low level 1078:1088 a low level 1078:1088 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 11 14 theme similar 1583:1589 arg1 contents 1600:1607 similar moisture contents 1583:1607 similar moisture contents 1583:1607 Cheeses had similar moisture contents. 27448857 15 15 theme maximum 2039:2045 arg1 values 2050:2055 similar maximum LT values 2031:2055 similar maximum LT values 2031:2055 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 1 16 theme critical 199:206 arg1 parameters 208:217 critical parameters 199:217 critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification 199:258 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 1 16 theme critical 199:206 arg1 pH 227:228 pH 227:228 pH 227:228 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 1 16 theme critical 199:206 arg1 rate 238:241 the rate 234:241 the rate of acidification 234:258 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 12 17 theme insoluble 1691:1699 arg1 calcium 1701:1707 insoluble calcium 1691:1707 insoluble calcium 1691:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 15 18 theme meltability 1926:1936 arg1 tangent 1893:1899 Maximum loss tangent 1880:1899 Maximum loss tangent (LT) 1880:1904 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 15 18 theme meltability 1926:1936 arg1 index 1910:1914 an index 1907:1914 an index of cheese meltability 1907:1936 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 7 19 theme fat 1148:1150 arg1 content 1159:1165 fat (2.5%) content 1148:1165 fat (2.5%) content 1148:1165 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 18 20 theme lactose 2315:2321 arg1 content 2323:2329 the lactose content 2311:2329 the lactose content of milk 2311:2337 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 6 21 used used 921:924 arg2 We 918:919 We 918:919 We 918:919 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 8 22 dep composition 1188:1198 arg1 the 1184:1186 the 1184:1186 the 1184:1186 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 2 23 theme lactose 466:472 arg1 content 474:480 the residual curd lactose content 448:480 the residual curd lactose content 448:480 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 8 24 theme low-moisture 1251:1262 arg1 Mozzarella 1275:1284 low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella 1251:1284 low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d 1251:1359 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 17 25 theme blister 2245:2251 arg1 color 2253:2257 lower blister color 2239:2257 lower blister color 2239:2257 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 13 26 theme proteolysis 1794:1804 arg1 levels 1784:1789 the levels 1780:1789 the levels of proteolysis 1780:1804 The lactose-to-casein ratio had no effect on the levels of proteolysis. 27448857 5 27 used used 846:849 arg2 we 843:844 we 843:844 we 843:844 We added water to decrease the lactose content of the milk, but this also decreased the protein content, so we used ultrafiltration to help maintain a constant protein concentration. 27448857 2 28 theme curd 461:464 arg1 content 474:480 the residual curd lactose content 448:480 the residual curd lactose content 448:480 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 6 29 theme lactose-to-casein 949:965 arg1 ratios 967:972 different lactose-to-casein ratios 939:972 different lactose-to-casein ratios 939:972 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 2 30 theme residual 452:459 arg1 content 474:480 the residual curd lactose content 448:480 the residual curd lactose content 448:480 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 14 31 theme HLC 1852:1854 arg1 cheese 1856:1861 the HLC cheese 1848:1861 the HLC cheese 1848:1861 The LLC and MLC cheeses were harder than the HLC cheese during ripening. 27448857 0 32 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 65:74 the properties 61:74 the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese 61:119 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 0 33 theme low-moisture 79:90 arg1 properties 65:74 the properties 61:74 the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese 61:119 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 6 34 theme high 984:987 arg1 level 989:993 a high level 982:993 a high level 982:993 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 35 from level 1049:1053 arg1 one 1033:1035 one 1033:1035 one 1033:1035 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 35 from level 1049:1053 arg1 1.3 1056:1058 1.3 1056:1058 1.3 1056:1058 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 0 36 theme part-skim 93:101 arg1 cheese 114:119 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 93:119 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 93:119 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 0 36 theme part-skim 93:101 arg1 low-moisture 79:90 low-moisture 79:90 low-moisture 79:90 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 18 37 theme sensory 2478:2484 arg1 properties 2486:2495 sensory properties 2478:2495 sensory properties 2478:2495 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 12 38 theme lower 1638:1642 arg1 levels 1644:1649 lower levels 1638:1649 lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium 1638:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 2 39 theme whey 423:426 arg1 dilution 428:435 whey dilution 423:435 whey dilution 423:435 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 14 40 theme MLC 1819:1821 arg1 cheeses 1823:1829 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1807:1829 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1807:1829 The LLC and MLC cheeses were harder than the HLC cheese during ripening. 27448857 17 41 contain had 2235:2237 arg2 color 2253:2257 lower blister color 2239:2257 lower blister color 2239:2257 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 17 41 contain had 2235:2237 arg1 cheese 2223:2228 The LLC cheese 2215:2228 The LLC cheese 2215:2228 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 17 41 contain had 2235:2237 arg2 stretch 2268:2274 less stretch 2263:2274 less stretch 2263:2274 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 6 42 dep 1.8 996:998 arg1 level 1017:1021 the normal level 1006:1021 the normal level in milk 1006:1029 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 42 dep 1.8 996:998 arg1 HLC 1001:1003 HLC 1001:1003 HLC 1001:1003 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 1 43 theme acidification 246:258 arg1 pH 227:228 pH 227:228 pH 227:228 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 1 43 theme acidification 246:258 arg1 rate 238:241 the rate 234:241 the rate of acidification 234:258 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 2 44 theme washing 412:418 arg1 curd 407:410 curd washing 407:418 curd washing 407:418 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 14 45 theme LLC 1811:1813 arg1 cheeses 1823:1829 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1807:1829 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1807:1829 The LLC and MLC cheeses were harder than the HLC cheese during ripening. 27448857 4 46 theme lactic 722:727 arg1 acid 729:732 lactic acid 722:732 lactic acid 722:732 We adjusted the concentration of substrate available to form lactic acid. 27448857 5 47 theme protein 895:901 arg1 concentration 903:915 a constant protein concentration 884:915 a constant protein concentration 884:915 We added water to decrease the lactose content of the milk, but this also decreased the protein content, so we used ultrafiltration to help maintain a constant protein concentration. 27448857 7 48 theme total 1124:1128 arg1 casein 1130:1135 similar total casein 1116:1135 similar total casein (2.5%) 1116:1142 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 7 48 theme total 1124:1128 arg1 % 1141:1141 2.5% 1138:1141 2.5% 1138:1141 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 0 49 theme lactose 28:34 arg1 content 36:42 the lactose content 24:42 the lactose content of cheesemilk 24:56 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 11 50 contain had 1579:1581 arg2 contents 1600:1607 similar moisture contents 1583:1607 similar moisture contents 1583:1607 Cheeses had similar moisture contents. 27448857 11 50 contain had 1579:1581 arg1 Cheeses 1571:1577 Cheeses 1571:1577 Cheeses 1571:1577 Cheeses had similar moisture contents. 27448857 18 51 dep texture 2450:2456 arg1 the 2446:2448 the 2446:2448 the 2446:2448 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 3 52 theme initial 598:604 arg1 concentration 614:626 the initial lactose concentration 594:626 the initial lactose concentration in the milk before cheesemaking 594:658 In this study, we explored an alternative approach: adjusting the initial lactose concentration in the milk before cheesemaking. 27448857 18 53 theme cheese 2420:2425 arg1 pH 2427:2428 cheese pH 2420:2428 cheese pH 2420:2428 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 2 54 theme culture 327:333 arg1 selection 306:314 the selection 302:314 the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity 302:529 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 9 55 theme similar 1378:1384 arg1 values 1389:1394 similar pH values 1378:1394 similar pH values 1378:1394 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 15 56 theme loss 1888:1891 arg1 LT 1902:1903 LT 1902:1903 LT 1902:1903 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 15 56 theme loss 1888:1891 arg1 tangent 1893:1899 Maximum loss tangent 1880:1899 Maximum loss tangent (LT) 1880:1904 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 15 56 theme loss 1888:1891 arg1 index 1910:1914 an index 1907:1914 an index of cheese meltability 1907:1936 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 10 57 theme LLC 1497:1499 arg1 milk 1501:1504 LLC milk 1497:1504 LLC milk 1497:1504 Cheeses made with LLC milk had higher pH values than the other cheeses throughout ripening. 27448857 6 58 theme normal 1010:1015 arg1 level 1017:1021 the normal level 1006:1021 the normal level in milk 1006:1029 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 58 theme normal 1010:1015 arg1 HLC 1001:1003 HLC 1001:1003 HLC 1001:1003 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 13 59 theme lactose-to-casein 1739:1755 arg1 ratio 1757:1761 The lactose-to-casein ratio 1735:1761 The lactose-to-casein ratio 1735:1761 The lactose-to-casein ratio had no effect on the levels of proteolysis. 27448857 2 60 theme temperature 339:349 arg1 selection 306:314 the selection 302:314 the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity 302:529 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 15 61 theme ripening 1981:1988 arg1 28d 1974:1976 28d 1974:1976 28d of ripening 1974:1988 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 18 62 theme casein 2368:2373 arg1 level 2375:2379 a constant casein level 2357:2379 a constant casein level 2357:2379 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 10 63 theme pH 1517:1518 arg1 values 1520:1525 higher pH values 1510:1525 higher pH values 1510:1525 Cheeses made with LLC milk had higher pH values than the other cheeses throughout ripening. 27448857 15 64 theme Maximum 1880:1886 arg1 LT 1902:1903 LT 1902:1903 LT 1902:1903 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 15 64 theme Maximum 1880:1886 arg1 tangent 1893:1899 Maximum loss tangent 1880:1899 Maximum loss tangent (LT) 1880:1904 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 15 64 theme Maximum 1880:1886 arg1 index 1910:1914 an index 1907:1914 an index of cheese meltability 1907:1936 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 16 65 theme ripening 2205:2212 arg1 ripening 2205:2212 ripening 2205:2212 ripening 2205:2212 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 16 65 theme ripening 2205:2212 arg1 56 2191:2192 56 2191:2192 56 2191:2192 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 18 66 theme useful 2387:2392 arg1 technique 2394:2402 a useful technique 2385:2402 a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese 2385:2540 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 10 67 theme other 1536:1540 arg1 cheeses 1542:1548 the other cheeses 1532:1548 the other cheeses throughout ripening 1532:1568 Cheeses made with LLC milk had higher pH values than the other cheeses throughout ripening. 27448857 1 68 theme Mozzarella 165:174 arg1 cheese 176:181 Mozzarella cheese 165:181 Mozzarella cheese 165:181 The texture, functionality, and quality of Mozzarella cheese are affected by critical parameters such as pH and the rate of acidification. 27448857 12 69 theme calcium 1701:1707 arg1 levels 1644:1649 lower levels 1638:1649 lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium 1638:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 9 70 theme similar 1447:1453 arg1 contents 1469:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 5 71 theme milk 789:792 arg1 content 774:780 the lactose content 762:780 the lactose content of the milk 762:792 We added water to decrease the lactose content of the milk, but this also decreased the protein content, so we used ultrafiltration to help maintain a constant protein concentration. 27448857 9 72 theme calcium 1461:1467 arg1 contents 1469:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 8 73 theme functional 1214:1223 arg1 properties 1237:1246 functional and sensory properties 1214:1246 functional and sensory properties 1214:1246 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 18 74 theme part-skim 2514:2522 arg1 low-moisture 2500:2511 low-moisture 2500:2511 low-moisture 2500:2511 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 18 74 theme part-skim 2514:2522 arg1 cheese 2535:2540 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 2514:2540 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 2514:2540 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 5 75 theme protein 823:829 arg1 content 831:837 the protein content 819:837 the protein content 819:837 We added water to decrease the lactose content of the milk, but this also decreased the protein content, so we used ultrafiltration to help maintain a constant protein concentration. 27448857 12 76 theme acid 1681:1684 arg1 levels 1644:1649 lower levels 1638:1649 lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium 1638:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 17 77 theme MLC 2281:2283 arg1 cheese 2293:2298 MLC and HLC cheese 2281:2298 cheese 2293:2298 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 8 78 theme sensory 1229:1235 arg1 properties 1237:1246 functional and sensory properties 1214:1246 functional and sensory properties 1214:1246 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 17 79 theme LLC 2219:2221 arg1 cheese 2223:2228 The LLC cheese 2215:2228 The LLC cheese 2215:2228 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 11 80 theme moisture 1591:1598 arg1 contents 1600:1607 similar moisture contents 1583:1607 similar moisture contents 1583:1607 Cheeses had similar moisture contents. 27448857 15 81 theme LT 2047:2048 arg1 values 2050:2055 similar maximum LT values 2031:2055 similar maximum LT values 2031:2055 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 15 82 theme cheese 1919:1924 arg1 meltability 1926:1936 cheese meltability 1919:1936 cheese meltability 1919:1936 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 17 83 theme HLC 2289:2291 arg1 cheese 2293:2298 MLC and HLC cheese 2281:2298 cheese 2293:2298 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 15 84 theme similar 2031:2037 arg1 values 2050:2055 similar maximum LT values 2031:2055 similar maximum LT values 2031:2055 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 6 85 dep used 921:924 arg1 1.0 1091:1093 1.0 1091:1093 1.0 1091:1093 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 85 dep used 921:924 arg1 1.3 1056:1058 1.3 1056:1058 1.3 1056:1058 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 85 dep used 921:924 arg1 one 1071:1073 one 1071:1073 one 1071:1073 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 85 dep used 921:924 arg1 one 1033:1035 one 1033:1035 one 1033:1035 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 85 dep used 921:924 arg1 one 975:977 one 975:977 one 975:977 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 6 85 dep used 921:924 arg1 1.8 996:998 1.8 996:998 1.8 996:998 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 17 86 theme lower 2239:2243 arg1 color 2253:2257 lower blister color 2239:2257 lower blister color 2239:2257 The LLC cheese also had lower blister color and less stretch than MLC and HLC cheese. 27448857 3 87 theme alternative 562:572 arg1 approach 574:581 an alternative approach 559:581 an alternative approach 559:581 In this study, we explored an alternative approach: adjusting the initial lactose concentration in the milk before cheesemaking. 27448857 10 88 contain had 1506:1508 arg2 values 1520:1525 higher pH values 1510:1525 higher pH values 1510:1525 Cheeses made with LLC milk had higher pH values than the other cheeses throughout ripening. 27448857 10 88 contain had 1506:1508 arg1 Cheeses 1479:1485 Cheeses 1479:1485 Cheeses made with LLC milk 1479:1504 Cheeses made with LLC milk had higher pH values than the other cheeses throughout ripening. 27448857 8 89 theme Mozzarella 1275:1284 arg1 texture 1201:1207 texture 1201:1207 texture 1201:1207 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 8 89 theme Mozzarella 1275:1284 arg1 properties 1237:1246 functional and sensory properties 1214:1246 functional and sensory properties 1214:1246 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 8 89 theme Mozzarella 1275:1284 arg1 composition 1188:1198 composition 1188:1198 composition 1188:1198 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 12 90 theme galactose 1663:1671 arg1 levels 1644:1649 lower levels 1638:1649 lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium 1638:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 6 91 theme different 939:947 arg1 ratios 967:972 different lactose-to-casein ratios 939:972 different lactose-to-casein ratios 939:972 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 2 92 theme developed 513:521 arg1 acidity 523:529 developed acidity 513:529 developed acidity 513:529 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 18 93 theme milk 2334:2337 arg1 content 2323:2329 the lactose content 2311:2329 the lactose content of milk 2311:2337 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 18 94 theme Mozzarella 2524:2533 arg1 low-moisture 2500:2511 low-moisture 2500:2511 low-moisture 2500:2511 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 18 94 theme Mozzarella 2524:2533 arg1 cheese 2535:2540 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 2514:2540 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 2514:2540 Adjusting the lactose content of milk while maintaining a constant casein level was a useful technique for controlling cheese pH, which affected the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 12 95 theme lactic 1674:1679 arg1 acid 1681:1684 lactic acid 1674:1684 lactic acid 1674:1684 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 0 96 theme Mozzarella 103:112 arg1 cheese 114:119 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 93:119 part-skim Mozzarella cheese 93:119 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 0 96 theme Mozzarella 103:112 arg1 low-moisture 79:90 low-moisture 79:90 low-moisture 79:90 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 5 97 theme lactose 766:772 arg1 content 774:780 the lactose content 762:780 the lactose content of the milk 762:792 We added water to decrease the lactose content of the milk, but this also decreased the protein content, so we used ultrafiltration to help maintain a constant protein concentration. 27448857 12 98 theme lactose 1654:1660 arg1 levels 1644:1649 lower levels 1638:1649 lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium 1638:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 4 99 theme available 704:712 arg1 concentration 677:689 the concentration 673:689 the concentration of substrate available 673:712 We adjusted the concentration of substrate available to form lactic acid. 27448857 8 100 dep low-moisture 1251:1262 arg1 part-skim 1265:1273 part-skim 1265:1273 part-skim 1265:1273 We investigated the composition, texture, and functional and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella manufactured from these milks when the cheeses were ripened at 4°C for 84d. 27448857 12 101 theme MLC 1622:1624 arg1 cheeses 1626:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1610:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1610:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 5 102 theme constant 886:893 arg1 concentration 903:915 a constant protein concentration 884:915 a constant protein concentration 884:915 We added water to decrease the lactose content of the milk, but this also decreased the protein content, so we used ultrafiltration to help maintain a constant protein concentration. 27448857 7 103 theme similar 1116:1122 arg1 casein 1130:1135 similar total casein 1116:1135 similar total casein (2.5%) 1116:1142 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 7 103 theme similar 1116:1122 arg1 % 1141:1141 2.5% 1138:1141 2.5% 1138:1141 All milks had similar total casein (2.5%) and fat (2.5%) content. 27448857 3 104 theme lactose 606:612 arg1 concentration 614:626 the initial lactose concentration 594:626 the initial lactose concentration in the milk before cheesemaking 594:658 In this study, we explored an alternative approach: adjusting the initial lactose concentration in the milk before cheesemaking. 27448857 15 105 theme LLC 1957:1959 arg1 cheese 1961:1966 the LLC cheese 1953:1966 the LLC cheese 1953:1966 Maximum loss tangent (LT), an index of cheese meltability, was lower for the LLC cheese until 28d of ripening, but after 28d, all treatments exhibited similar maximum LT values. 27448857 0 106 theme cheesemilk 47:56 arg1 content 36:42 the lactose content 24:42 the lactose content of cheesemilk 24:56 Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. 27448857 2 107 theme starter 319:325 arg1 culture 327:333 starter culture 319:333 starter culture 319:333 Acidification is typically controlled by the selection of starter culture and temperature used during cheesemaking, as well as techniques such as curd washing or whey dilution, to reduce the residual curd lactose content and decrease the potential for developed acidity. 27448857 12 108 theme LLC 1614:1616 arg1 cheeses 1626:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1610:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1610:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 16 109 theme MLC 2169:2171 arg1 cheese 2181:2186 MLC and LLC cheese 2169:2186 cheese 2181:2186 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 9 110 theme pH 1386:1387 arg1 values 1389:1394 similar pH values 1378:1394 similar pH values 1378:1394 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 16 111 theme crossover 2086:2094 arg1 LT=1 2080:2083 LT=1 2080:2083 LT=1 (crossover temperature) 2080:2107 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 16 111 theme crossover 2086:2094 arg1 temperature 2096:2106 crossover temperature 2086:2106 crossover temperature 2086:2106 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 9 112 with cheeses 1434:1440 arg1 contents 1469:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 similar total calcium contents 1447:1476 All cheeses had similar pH values at draining and salting, resulting in cheeses with similar total calcium contents. 27448857 16 113 theme LLC 2177:2179 arg1 cheese 2181:2186 MLC and LLC cheese 2169:2186 cheese 2181:2186 The temperature where LT=1 (crossover temperature), an index of softening point during heating, was higher for MLC and LLC cheese at 56 and 84d of ripening. 27448857 13 114 contain had 1763:1765 arg2 effect 1770:1775 no effect 1767:1775 no effect 1767:1775 The lactose-to-casein ratio had no effect on the levels of proteolysis. 27448857 13 114 contain had 1763:1765 arg1 ratio 1757:1761 The lactose-to-casein ratio 1735:1761 The lactose-to-casein ratio 1735:1761 The lactose-to-casein ratio had no effect on the levels of proteolysis. 27448857 6 115 from level 1017:1021 arg1 milk 1026:1029 milk 1026:1029 milk 1026:1029 We used 3 milks with different lactose-to-casein ratios: one at a high level, 1.8 (HLC, the normal level in milk); one at a medium level, 1.3 (MLC); and one at a low level, 1.0 (LLC). 27448857 12 116 contain had 1634:1636 arg1 cheeses 1626:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1610:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses 1610:1632 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 27448857 12 116 contain had 1634:1636 arg2 levels 1644:1649 lower levels 1638:1649 lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium 1638:1707 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. 28445977 0 0 theme expression 72:81 arg1 association 47:57 association 47:57 association of serglycin expression 47:81 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 1 1 theme different 332:340 arg1 types 347:351 different cell types 332:351 different cell types 332:351 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 5 2 theme glioma 773:778 arg1 samples 780:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 5 3 theme serglycin 705:713 arg1 expression 715:724 serglycin expression 705:724 serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 705:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 7 4 theme CXCL12 1060:1065 arg1 expression 1046:1055 increased expression 1036:1055 increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion 1036:1164 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 0 5 theme serglycin 62:70 arg1 expression 72:81 serglycin expression 62:81 serglycin expression 62:81 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 1 6 theme cell 342:345 arg1 types 347:351 different cell types 332:351 different cell types 332:351 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 0 7 dep cell 99:102 arg1 recruitment 104:114 recruitment 104:114 recruitment 104:114 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 0 7 dep cell 99:102 arg1 progression 133:143 progression 133:143 progression 133:143 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 7 8 theme progression 1105:1115 arg1 CXCL12 1060:1065 CXCL12 1060:1065 CXCL12 1060:1065 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 7 8 theme progression 1105:1115 arg1 markers 1087:1093 markers 1087:1093 markers of cancer progression 1087:1115 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 7 8 theme progression 1105:1115 arg1 CXCL10 1068:1073 CXCL10 1068:1073 CXCL10 1068:1073 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 7 9 theme infiltrating 1209:1220 arg1 MCs 1222:1224 infiltrating MCs 1209:1224 infiltrating MCs 1209:1224 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 5 10 from expression 715:724 arg1 cohort 737:742 a large cohort 729:742 a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 729:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 3 11 with correlation 518:528 arg1 infiltration 560:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 3 11 with correlation 518:528 arg1 survival 535:542 survival 535:542 survival 535:542 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 6 12 from expression 918:927 arg1 cells 955:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. 28445977 3 13 theme immune 548:553 arg1 infiltration 560:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 1 14 theme variable 270:277 arg1 types 279:283 variable types 270:283 variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 270:312 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 0 15 theme mast 94:97 arg1 cell 99:102 mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression 94:143 cell 99:102 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 3 16 from correlation 518:528 arg1 glioma 503:508 human glioma 497:508 human glioma 497:508 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 8 17 theme progression 1470:1480 arg1 extent 1434:1439 the extent 1430:1439 the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression 1430:1480 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 4 18 theme patients 683:690 arg1 survival 671:678 poor survival 666:678 poor survival of patients 666:690 We demonstrate that serglycin is expressed in glioma and that increased expression predicts poor survival of patients. 28445977 5 19 theme mast 869:872 arg1 cell 874:877 mast cell 869:877 mast cell (MC) infiltration 869:895 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 5 19 theme mast 869:872 arg1 MC 880:881 MC 880:881 MC 880:881 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 7 20 theme cancer 1098:1103 arg1 progression 1105:1115 cancer progression 1098:1115 cancer progression 1098:1115 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 8 21 theme potential 1354:1362 arg1 marker 1375:1380 a potential prognostic marker 1352:1380 a potential prognostic marker for glioma 1352:1391 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 8 21 theme potential 1354:1362 arg1 serglycin 1339:1347 serglycin 1339:1347 serglycin 1339:1347 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 1 22 theme intracellular 162:174 arg1 proteoglycan 176:187 an intracellular proteoglycan 159:187 an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 159:312 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 1 22 theme intracellular 162:174 arg1 Serglycin 146:154 Serglycin 146:154 Serglycin 146:154 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 5 23 theme samples 780:786 arg1 cohort 737:742 a large cohort 729:742 a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 729:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 7 24 theme MCs 1222:1224 arg1 importance 1195:1204 the importance 1191:1204 the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma 1191:1234 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 7 25 theme CXCL10 1068:1073 arg1 expression 1046:1055 increased expression 1036:1055 increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion 1036:1164 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 2 26 theme aggressive 384:393 arg1 cancers 395:401 aggressive cancers 384:401 aggressive cancers 384:401 Serglycin is overexpressed in aggressive cancers suggesting its protumorigenic role. 28445977 6 27 theme serglycin 908:916 arg1 expression 918:927 serglycin expression 908:927 serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells 908:959 Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. 28445977 6 28 theme MC 993:994 arg1 co-culture 996:1005 MC co-culture 993:1005 MC co-culture 993:1005 Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. 28445977 7 29 theme markers 1087:1093 arg1 expression 1046:1055 increased expression 1036:1055 increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion 1036:1164 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 5 30 theme cell 874:877 arg1 infiltration 884:895 mast cell (MC) infiltration 869:895 mast cell (MC) infiltration 869:895 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 8 31 theme prognostic 1364:1373 arg1 marker 1375:1380 a potential prognostic marker 1352:1380 a potential prognostic marker for glioma 1352:1391 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 8 31 theme prognostic 1364:1373 arg1 serglycin 1339:1347 serglycin 1339:1347 serglycin 1339:1347 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 0 32 theme potential 15:23 arg1 biomarker 25:33 a potential biomarker 13:33 a potential biomarker for glioma 13:44 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 8 33 with association 1413:1423 arg1 extent 1434:1439 the extent 1430:1439 the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression 1430:1480 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 5 34 theme expression 715:724 arg1 Analysis 693:700 Analysis 693:700 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 693:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 3 35 theme cell 555:558 arg1 infiltration 560:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 4 36 theme increased 636:644 arg1 expression 646:655 increased expression 636:655 increased expression 636:655 We demonstrate that serglycin is expressed in glioma and that increased expression predicts poor survival of patients. 28445977 7 37 from importance 1195:1204 arg1 glioma 1229:1234 glioma 1229:1234 glioma 1229:1234 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 1 38 theme glycosaminoglycans 288:305 arg1 types 279:283 variable types 270:283 variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 270:312 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 0 39 theme cell 99:102 arg1 extent 84:89 extent 84:89 extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression 84:143 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 0 39 theme cell 99:102 arg1 Serglycin 0:8 Serglycin 0:8 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma 0:44 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 1 40 theme unique 196:201 arg1 ability 203:209 a unique ability 194:209 a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 194:312 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 0 41 theme glioblastoma 120:131 arg1 extent 84:89 extent 84:89 extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression 84:143 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 0 41 theme glioblastoma 120:131 arg1 Serglycin 0:8 Serglycin 0:8 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma 0:44 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 8 42 theme recruitment 1447:1457 arg1 extent 1434:1439 the extent 1430:1439 the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression 1430:1480 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 2 43 theme protumorigenic 418:431 arg1 role 433:436 its protumorigenic role 414:436 its protumorigenic role 414:436 Serglycin is overexpressed in aggressive cancers suggesting its protumorigenic role. 28445977 7 44 theme vimentin.In 1143:1153 arg1 conclusion 1155:1164 vimentin.In conclusion 1143:1164 vimentin.In conclusion 1143:1164 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 3 45 with expression 470:479 arg1 infiltration 560:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 immune cell infiltration 548:571 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 3 45 with expression 470:479 arg1 survival 535:542 survival 535:542 survival 535:542 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 5 46 from cohort 737:742 arg1 Analysis 693:700 Analysis 693:700 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 693:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 1 47 with proteoglycan 176:187 arg1 ability 203:209 a unique ability 194:209 a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 194:312 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 8 48 theme glioma 1463:1468 arg1 progression 1470:1480 glioma progression 1463:1480 glioma progression 1463:1480 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 8 49 theme therapeutic 1511:1521 arg1 opportunities 1523:1535 potential future therapeutic opportunities 1494:1535 potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients 1494:1548 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 7 50 theme increased 1036:1044 arg1 expression 1046:1055 increased expression 1036:1055 increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion 1036:1164 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 5 51 theme large 731:735 arg1 cohort 737:742 a large cohort 729:742 a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 729:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 6 52 theme glioma 948:953 arg1 cells 955:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. 28445977 3 53 theme human 497:501 arg1 glioma 503:508 human glioma 497:508 human glioma 497:508 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 6 54 theme patient-derived 932:946 arg1 cells 955:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. 28445977 1 55 with glycosylation 251:263 arg1 types 279:283 variable types 270:283 variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 270:312 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 5 56 theme low- 747:750 arg1 samples 780:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 3 57 from expression 470:479 arg1 glioma 503:508 human glioma 497:508 human glioma 497:508 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 8 58 theme future 1504:1509 arg1 opportunities 1523:1535 potential future therapeutic opportunities 1494:1535 potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients 1494:1548 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 6 59 link patient-derived 932:946 arg1 cells 955:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 patient-derived glioma cells 932:959 Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. 28445977 3 60 theme serglycin 484:492 arg1 correlation 518:528 its correlation 514:528 its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration 514:571 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 3 60 theme serglycin 484:492 arg1 expression 470:479 the expression 466:479 the expression of serglycin in human glioma 466:508 In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. 28445977 5 61 theme high-grade 756:765 arg1 samples 780:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 8 62 theme potential 1494:1502 arg1 opportunities 1523:1535 potential future therapeutic opportunities 1494:1535 potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients 1494:1548 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 8 63 theme MC 1444:1445 arg1 recruitment 1447:1457 MC recruitment 1444:1457 MC recruitment 1444:1457 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 7 64 theme signaling 1250:1258 arg1 cascades 1260:1267 signaling cascades 1250:1267 signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1 1250:1302 This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. 28445977 4 65 theme poor 666:669 arg1 survival 671:678 poor survival 666:678 poor survival of patients 666:690 We demonstrate that serglycin is expressed in glioma and that increased expression predicts poor survival of patients. 28445977 1 66 theme divergent 227:235 arg1 structures 237:246 highly divergent structures 220:246 highly divergent structures 220:246 Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. 28445977 5 67 theme human 767:771 arg1 samples 780:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 low- and high-grade human glioma samples 747:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 28445977 0 68 dep Serglycin 0:8 arg1 association 47:57 association 47:57 association of serglycin expression 47:81 Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. 28445977 8 69 theme present 1309:1315 arg1 investigation 1317:1329 The present investigation 1305:1329 The present investigation 1305:1329 The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients. 28445977 5 70 from Analysis 693:700 arg1 cohort 737:742 a large cohort 729:742 a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples 729:786 Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. 25037323 2 0 theme Alginate 116:123 arg1 solution 135:142 Alginate colloidal solution 116:142 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 116:205 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 4 1 theme electron 553:560 arg1 microscopy 562:571 transmission electron microscopy 540:571 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 540:577 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 4 1 theme electron 553:560 arg1 TEM 574:576 TEM 574:576 TEM 574:576 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 4 2 theme silver 498:503 arg1 nanoparticles 505:517 synthesized silver nanoparticles 486:517 synthesized silver nanoparticles 486:517 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 2 3 theme silver 178:183 arg1 AgNPs 200:204 AgNPs 200:204 AgNPs 200:204 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 2 3 theme silver 178:183 arg1 nanoparticles 185:197 chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles 155:197 chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 155:205 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 2 4 theme synthesized 166:176 arg1 AgNPs 200:204 AgNPs 200:204 AgNPs 200:204 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 2 4 theme synthesized 166:176 arg1 nanoparticles 185:197 chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles 155:197 chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 155:205 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 1 5 theme new 59:61 arg1 method 63:68 A new method 57:68 A new method to prepare silver nanoparticles 57:100 A new method to prepare silver nanoparticles was reported. 25037323 2 6 theme nanoparticles 317:329 arg1 production 288:297 production 288:297 production of alginate based nanoparticles 288:329 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 3 7 theme UV-visible 377:386 arg1 spectroscopy 388:399 UV-visible spectroscopy 377:399 UV-visible spectroscopy 377:399 The formation of AgNPs has been confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and monitoring of reducing sugars in the reaction was carried out. 25037323 5 8 theme main 660:663 arg1 size 665:668 the main size 656:668 the main size 656:668 The results showed that the morphology of Ag nanoparticles is spherical and the main size is about 1-4 nm. 25037323 2 9 theme based 311:315 arg1 nanoparticles 317:329 alginate based nanoparticles 302:329 alginate based nanoparticles 302:329 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 4 10 theme transmission 540:551 arg1 microscopy 562:571 transmission electron microscopy 540:571 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 540:577 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 4 10 theme transmission 540:551 arg1 TEM 574:576 TEM 574:576 TEM 574:576 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 2 11 theme alginate 302:309 arg1 nanoparticles 317:329 alginate based nanoparticles 302:329 alginate based nanoparticles 302:329 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 3 12 theme sugars 428:433 arg1 monitoring 405:414 monitoring 405:414 monitoring of reducing sugars in the reaction 405:449 The formation of AgNPs has been confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and monitoring of reducing sugars in the reaction was carried out. 25037323 5 13 theme Ag 622:623 arg1 nanoparticles 625:637 Ag nanoparticles 622:637 Ag nanoparticles 622:637 The results showed that the morphology of Ag nanoparticles is spherical and the main size is about 1-4 nm. 25037323 5 14 theme nanoparticles 625:637 arg1 spherical 642:650 spherical 642:650 spherical 642:650 The results showed that the morphology of Ag nanoparticles is spherical and the main size is about 1-4 nm. 25037323 5 14 theme nanoparticles 625:637 arg1 morphology 608:617 the morphology 604:617 the morphology of Ag nanoparticles 604:637 The results showed that the morphology of Ag nanoparticles is spherical and the main size is about 1-4 nm. 25037323 1 15 theme silver 81:86 arg1 nanoparticles 88:100 silver nanoparticles 81:100 silver nanoparticles 81:100 A new method to prepare silver nanoparticles was reported. 25037323 0 16 theme synthesis 21:29 arg1 AgNPs 50:54 synthesis controllable sized AgNPs 21:54 synthesis controllable sized AgNPs 21:54 Alginate mediate for synthesis controllable sized AgNPs. 25037323 2 17 dep nanoparticles 238:250 arg1 stabilization 252:264 stabilization 252:264 stabilization 252:264 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 3 18 theme reducing 419:426 arg1 sugars 428:433 reducing sugars 419:433 reducing sugars 419:433 The formation of AgNPs has been confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and monitoring of reducing sugars in the reaction was carried out. 25037323 4 19 theme synthesized 486:496 arg1 nanoparticles 505:517 synthesized silver nanoparticles 486:517 synthesized silver nanoparticles 486:517 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 0 20 theme sized 44:48 arg1 AgNPs 50:54 synthesis controllable sized AgNPs 21:54 synthesis controllable sized AgNPs 21:54 Alginate mediate for synthesis controllable sized AgNPs. 25037323 0 21 theme controllable 31:42 arg1 AgNPs 50:54 synthesis controllable sized AgNPs 21:54 synthesis controllable sized AgNPs 21:54 Alginate mediate for synthesis controllable sized AgNPs. 25037323 4 22 theme nanoparticles 505:517 arg1 morphology 472:481 The morphology 468:481 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles 468:517 The morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25037323 3 23 from monitoring 405:414 arg1 reaction 442:449 the reaction 438:449 the reaction 438:449 The formation of AgNPs has been confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and monitoring of reducing sugars in the reaction was carried out. 25037323 3 24 theme AgNPs 349:353 arg1 formation 336:344 The formation 332:344 The formation of AgNPs 332:353 The formation of AgNPs has been confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and monitoring of reducing sugars in the reaction was carried out. 25037323 2 25 theme colloidal 125:133 arg1 solution 135:142 Alginate colloidal solution 116:142 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 116:205 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 2 26 contain containing 144:153 arg2 AgNPs 200:204 AgNPs 200:204 AgNPs 200:204 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 2 26 contain containing 144:153 arg2 nanoparticles 185:197 chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles 155:197 chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 155:205 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 25037323 2 26 contain containing 144:153 arg1 solution 135:142 Alginate colloidal solution 116:142 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 116:205 Alginate colloidal solution containing chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated regarding the nanoparticles stabilization and possibilities for production of alginate based nanoparticles. 26282087 0 0 theme II 51:52 arg1 ions 55:58 copper(II) ions 44:58 copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan 44:97 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 1 1 theme modification 258:269 arg1 degree 248:253 a degree 246:253 a degree of modification up to 1.0 246:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 3 2 theme chitosans 414:422 arg1 Cross-linking 380:392 Cross-linking 380:392 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde 380:440 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 1 3 theme chitosan 185:192 arg1 preparation 153:163 preparation 153:163 preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0 153:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 5 4 theme analyzed 714:721 arg1 sorbents 723:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 9 5 dep Wherein 1176:1182 arg1 KAg/Cu 1212:1217 the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu 1184:1217 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu 1176:1217 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 9 6 from increase 1283:1290 arg1 degree 1295:1300 degree 1295:1300 degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0 1295:1344 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 7 7 from selectivity 977:987 arg1 sorbents 1050:1057 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 1018:1057 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 1018:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 4 8 theme static 626:631 arg1 conditions 645:654 static and dynamic conditions 626:654 static and dynamic conditions 626:654 Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions was determined depending on the degree of sulfoethylation under static and dynamic conditions. 26282087 8 9 theme copper 1107:1112 arg1 ions 1132:1135 copper(II) and silver(I) ions 1107:1135 copper(II) and silver(I) ions 1107:1135 The investigated substances selectively remove copper(II) and silver(I) ions from solutions of complex composition. 26282087 3 10 theme sorbents 464:471 arg1 preparation 449:459 preparation 449:459 preparation of sorbents 449:471 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 9 11 theme sorbent 1328:1334 arg1 up 1336:1337 the sorbent up 1324:1337 the sorbent up to 1.0 1324:1344 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 7 12 theme chitosan-based 1035:1048 arg1 sorbents 1050:1057 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 1018:1057 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 1018:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 1 13 with product 233:239 arg1 degree 248:253 a degree 246:253 a degree of modification up to 1.0 246:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 8 14 theme investigated 1064:1075 arg1 substances 1077:1086 The investigated substances 1060:1086 The investigated substances 1060:1086 The investigated substances selectively remove copper(II) and silver(I) ions from solutions of complex composition. 26282087 5 15 theme functional 683:692 arg1 sorbents 723:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 5 15 theme functional 683:692 arg1 groups 700:705 functional amino groups 683:705 functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents 683:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 6 16 theme wherein 835:841 arg1 pKa 843:845 wherein pKa 835:845 wherein pKa 835:845 It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. 26282087 5 17 theme potentiometric 751:764 arg1 titration 766:774 potentiometric titration 751:774 potentiometric titration 751:774 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 9 18 theme up 1336:1337 arg1 sulfoethylation 1305:1319 sulfoethylation 1305:1319 sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0 1305:1344 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 8 19 theme composition 1163:1173 arg1 solutions 1142:1150 solutions 1142:1150 solutions of complex composition 1142:1173 The investigated substances selectively remove copper(II) and silver(I) ions from solutions of complex composition. 26282087 2 20 theme obtained 312:319 arg1 polymers 321:328 the obtained polymers 308:328 the obtained polymers 308:328 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. 26282087 5 21 theme amino 694:698 arg1 sorbents 723:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 5 21 theme amino 694:698 arg1 groups 700:705 functional amino groups 683:705 functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents 683:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 5 22 theme sorbents 723:730 arg1 sorbents 723:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 the analyzed sorbents 710:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 5 22 theme sorbents 723:730 arg1 groups 700:705 functional amino groups 683:705 functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents 683:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 7 23 theme ions 1010:1013 arg1 sorption 992:999 sorption 992:999 sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 992:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 2 24 theme 1H 357:358 arg1 spectroscopies 364:377 1H NMR spectroscopies 357:377 1H NMR spectroscopies 357:377 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. 26282087 4 25 theme sorbents 530:537 arg1 Capacity 518:525 Capacity 518:525 Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions 518:560 Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions was determined depending on the degree of sulfoethylation under static and dynamic conditions. 26282087 1 26 theme simple 122:127 arg1 method 143:148 a simple and effective method 120:148 a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0 120:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 2 27 theme NMR 360:362 arg1 spectroscopies 364:377 1H NMR spectroscopies 357:377 1H NMR spectroscopies 357:377 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. 26282087 5 28 theme groups 700:705 arg1 constants 670:678 Dissociation constants 657:678 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents 657:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 8 29 theme complex 1155:1161 arg1 composition 1163:1173 complex composition 1155:1173 complex composition 1155:1173 The investigated substances selectively remove copper(II) and silver(I) ions from solutions of complex composition. 26282087 7 30 from sorption 992:999 arg1 sorbents 1050:1057 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 1018:1057 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 1018:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 0 31 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 adsorption 10:19 Selective adsorption 0:19 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 0:98 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 6 32 theme sulfoethylation 903:917 arg1 degree 893:898 degree 893:898 degree of sulfoethylation 893:917 It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. 26282087 1 33 theme effective 133:141 arg1 method 143:148 a simple and effective method 120:148 a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0 120:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 0 34 theme silver 24:29 arg1 ions 34:37 silver(I) ions 24:37 silver(I) ions 24:37 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 9 35 theme ammonium 1244:1251 arg1 acetate 1253:1259 ammonium acetate 1244:1259 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 7 36 theme metal 1004:1008 arg1 ions 1010:1013 metal ions 1004:1013 metal ions 1004:1013 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 7 37 from sorbents 1050:1057 arg1 selectivity 977:987 selectivity 977:987 selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 977:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 8 38 theme silver 1122:1127 arg1 ions 1132:1135 copper(II) and silver(I) ions 1107:1135 copper(II) and silver(I) ions 1107:1135 The investigated substances selectively remove copper(II) and silver(I) ions from solutions of complex composition. 26282087 7 39 theme sorption 992:999 arg1 selectivity 977:987 selectivity 977:987 selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 977:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 0 40 theme sulfoethyl 65:74 arg1 derivative 76:85 a sulfoethyl derivative 63:85 a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan 63:97 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 6 41 theme groups 817:822 arg1 basicity 795:802 basicity 795:802 basicity of the amino groups 795:822 It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. 26282087 7 42 from influence 948:956 arg1 selectivity 977:987 selectivity 977:987 selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 977:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 0 43 theme I 31:31 arg1 ions 34:37 silver(I) ions 24:37 silver(I) ions 24:37 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 9 44 theme buffer 1261:1266 arg1 pH 1236:1237 pH 6.5 1236:1241 pH 6.5 1236:1241 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 9 44 theme buffer 1261:1266 arg1 solution 1268:1275 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 0 45 theme chitosan 90:97 arg1 derivative 76:85 a sulfoethyl derivative 63:85 a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan 63:97 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 6 46 theme amino 811:815 arg1 groups 817:822 the amino groups 807:822 the amino groups 807:822 It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. 26282087 7 47 theme groups 967:972 arg1 influence 948:956 the significant influence 932:956 the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 932:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 1 48 theme preparation 153:163 arg1 method 143:148 a simple and effective method 120:148 a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0 120:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 5 49 theme Dissociation 657:668 arg1 constants 670:678 Dissociation constants 657:678 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents 657:730 Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. 26282087 4 50 theme hydroxide 547:555 arg1 ions 557:560 hydroxide ions 547:560 hydroxide ions 547:560 Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions was determined depending on the degree of sulfoethylation under static and dynamic conditions. 26282087 2 51 theme polymers 321:328 arg1 structure 295:303 The chemical structure 282:303 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers 282:328 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. 26282087 0 52 theme ions 34:37 arg1 adsorption 10:19 Selective adsorption 0:19 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 0:98 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 6 53 dep 5.67 870:873 arg1 to 867:868 to 867:868 to 867:868 It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. 26282087 3 54 theme metal 506:510 arg1 ions 512:515 metal ions 506:515 metal ions 506:515 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 7 55 theme sulfo 961:965 arg1 groups 967:972 sulfo groups 961:972 sulfo groups 961:972 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 3 56 theme 2-sulfoethyl 400:411 arg1 chitosans 414:422 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans 397:422 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans 397:422 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 1 57 dep 1.0 277:279 arg1 up 271:272 up 271:272 up 271:272 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 3 58 theme ions 512:515 arg1 concentration 489:501 concentration 489:501 concentration 489:501 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 3 58 theme ions 512:515 arg1 removal 477:483 removal 477:483 removal 477:483 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 7 59 theme significant 936:946 arg1 influence 948:956 the significant influence 932:956 the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents 932:1057 It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. 26282087 4 60 theme dynamic 637:643 arg1 conditions 645:654 static and dynamic conditions 626:654 static and dynamic conditions 626:654 Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions was determined depending on the degree of sulfoethylation under static and dynamic conditions. 26282087 6 61 from increase 881:888 arg1 degree 893:898 degree 893:898 degree of sulfoethylation 893:917 It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. 26282087 9 62 theme acetate 1253:1259 arg1 pH 1236:1237 pH 6.5 1236:1241 pH 6.5 1236:1241 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 9 62 theme acetate 1253:1259 arg1 solution 1268:1275 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 3 63 theme N- 397:398 arg1 chitosans 414:422 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans 397:422 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans 397:422 Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. 26282087 1 64 theme N- 168:169 arg1 NSE-chitosan 195:206 NSE-chitosan 195:206 NSE-chitosan 195:206 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 1 64 theme N- 168:169 arg1 chitosan 185:192 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan 168:192 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0 168:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 0 65 from ions 55:58 arg1 derivative 76:85 a sulfoethyl derivative 63:85 a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan 63:97 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 9 66 dep 20 1232:1233 arg1 pH 1236:1237 pH 6.5 1236:1241 pH 6.5 1236:1241 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 9 66 dep 20 1232:1233 arg1 solution 1268:1275 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 ammonium acetate buffer solution 1244:1275 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 0 67 theme copper 44:49 arg1 ions 55:58 copper(II) ions 44:58 copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan 44:97 Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan. 26282087 9 68 theme selectivity 1188:1198 arg1 KAg/Cu 1212:1217 the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu 1184:1217 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu 1176:1217 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 2 69 theme chemical 286:293 arg1 structure 295:303 The chemical structure 282:303 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers 282:328 The chemical structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. 26282087 1 70 theme 2-sulfoethyl 171:182 arg1 NSE-chitosan 195:206 NSE-chitosan 195:206 NSE-chitosan 195:206 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 1 70 theme 2-sulfoethyl 171:182 arg1 chitosan 185:192 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan 168:192 N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0 168:279 This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. 26282087 9 71 theme coefficient 1200:1210 arg1 KAg/Cu 1212:1217 the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu 1184:1217 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu 1176:1217 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 26282087 4 72 theme sulfoethylation 604:618 arg1 degree 594:599 the degree 590:599 the degree of sulfoethylation 590:618 Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions was determined depending on the degree of sulfoethylation under static and dynamic conditions. 26282087 9 73 theme sulfoethylation 1305:1319 arg1 degree 1295:1300 degree 1295:1300 degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0 1295:1344 Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0. 24132994 0 0 theme engineering 87:97 arg1 biofunctionality 33:48 biofunctionality 33:48 biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 33:97 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 8 1 theme viability 1181:1189 arg1 assay 1191:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay 1158:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay 1158:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. 24132994 7 2 theme HA 1154:1155 arg1 addition 1142:1149 addition 1142:1149 addition of HA 1142:1155 Moreover, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the scaffold increased by addition of HA. 24132994 7 3 theme swelling 1073:1080 arg1 ratio 1082:1086 the swelling ratio 1069:1086 the swelling ratio 1069:1086 Moreover, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the scaffold increased by addition of HA. 24132994 1 4 theme bowel 268:272 arg1 resections 254:263 massive resections 246:263 massive resections of bowel 246:272 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 0 5 theme tissue 80:85 arg1 engineering 87:97 gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 53:97 gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 53:97 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 0 6 from effect 4:9 arg1 biofunctionality 33:48 biofunctionality 33:48 biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 33:97 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 7 7 theme scaffold 1120:1127 arg1 ratio 1082:1086 the swelling ratio 1069:1086 the swelling ratio 1069:1086 Moreover, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the scaffold increased by addition of HA. 24132994 7 7 theme scaffold 1120:1127 arg1 rate 1108:1111 the degradation rate 1092:1111 the degradation rate of the scaffold 1092:1127 Moreover, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the scaffold increased by addition of HA. 24132994 1 8 theme new 179:181 arg1 endeavors 183:191 new endeavors 179:191 new endeavors 179:191 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 8 9 theme scaffold-adherent 1264:1280 arg1 cells 1289:1293 scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells 1264:1293 scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells 1264:1293 A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. 24132994 8 10 theme resazurin-based 1160:1174 arg1 assay 1191:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay 1158:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay 1158:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. 24132994 10 11 theme 9:1 1442:1444 arg1 collagen 1454:1461 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1442:1461 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1442:1461 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 10 12 theme collagen 1454:1461 arg1 composition 1427:1437 a composition 1425:1437 a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1425:1461 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 4 13 theme scanning 736:743 arg1 microscopy 754:763 scanning electron microscopy 736:763 scanning electron microscopy 736:763 The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 24132994 4 14 dep Fourier 769:775 arg1 transform 777:785 transform 777:785 transform infrared spectroscopy 777:807 The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 24132994 5 15 theme In 810:811 arg1 tests 819:823 In vitro tests 810:823 In vitro tests 810:823 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 2 16 theme acid 333:336 arg1 effect 312:317 the effect 308:317 the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 308:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 5 17 theme swelling 899:906 arg1 ratio 908:912 the swelling ratio 895:912 the swelling ratio 895:912 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 3 18 theme HA 566:567 arg1 concentrations 548:561 different concentrations 538:561 different concentrations of HA 538:567 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 8 19 theme Caco-2 1282:1287 arg1 cells 1289:1293 scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells 1264:1293 scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells 1264:1293 A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. 24132994 6 20 theme further 1030:1036 arg1 addition 1038:1045 further addition 1030:1045 further addition of HA 1030:1051 It was found that the porous structure of the scaffolds could be tailored by further addition of HA. 24132994 6 21 theme HA 1050:1051 arg1 addition 1038:1045 further addition 1030:1045 further addition of HA 1030:1051 It was found that the porous structure of the scaffolds could be tailored by further addition of HA. 24132994 10 22 theme gelatin 1446:1452 arg1 collagen 1454:1461 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1442:1461 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1442:1461 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 10 23 dep HA 1404:1405 arg1 % 1402:1402 % 1402:1402 % 1402:1402 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 2 24 theme scaffolds 402:410 arg1 cytocompatibilty 420:435 its cytocompatibilty 416:435 its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 416:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 2 24 theme scaffolds 402:410 arg1 characteristics 366:380 the physicochemical characteristics 346:380 the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds 346:410 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 2 25 theme Caco-2 472:477 arg1 line 484:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 8 26 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 assay 1191:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay 1158:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay 1158:1195 A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. 24132994 10 27 theme incremental 1479:1489 arg1 improvement 1491:1501 incremental improvement 1479:1501 incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds 1479:1591 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 4 28 theme scaffolds 704:712 arg1 morphologies 684:695 The morphologies 680:695 The morphologies of the scaffolds 680:712 The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 24132994 2 29 theme hyaluronic 322:331 arg1 HA 339:340 HA 339:340 HA 339:340 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 2 29 theme hyaluronic 322:331 arg1 acid 333:336 hyaluronic acid 322:336 hyaluronic acid (HA) 322:341 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 10 30 dep % 1402:1402 arg1 15 1400:1401 15 1400:1401 15 1400:1401 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 2 31 theme gelatin-collagen 385:400 arg1 scaffolds 402:410 gelatin-collagen scaffolds 385:410 gelatin-collagen scaffolds 385:410 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 2 32 theme epithelial 461:470 arg1 line 484:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 3 33 with scaffolds 523:531 arg1 concentrations 548:561 different concentrations 538:561 different concentrations of HA 538:567 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 7 34 theme degradation 1096:1106 arg1 rate 1108:1111 the degradation rate 1092:1111 the degradation rate of the scaffold 1092:1127 Moreover, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the scaffold increased by addition of HA. 24132994 3 35 theme freeze-drying 606:618 arg1 techniques 620:629 solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques 586:629 techniques 620:629 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 1 36 theme ultimate 202:209 arg1 goal 211:214 the ultimate goal 198:214 the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel 198:272 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 0 37 theme hyaluronic 14:23 arg1 acid 25:28 hyaluronic acid 14:28 hyaluronic acid 14:28 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 11 38 with scaffolds 1607:1615 arg1 HA 1626:1627 25% HA 1622:1627 25% HA 1622:1627 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 3 39 theme solvent 586:592 arg1 casting 594:600 solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques 586:629 casting 594:600 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 2 40 theme human 444:448 arg1 line 484:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 10 41 with scaffolds 1410:1418 arg1 composition 1427:1437 a composition 1425:1437 a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1425:1461 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 3 42 theme different 538:546 arg1 concentrations 548:561 different concentrations 538:561 different concentrations of HA 538:567 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 5 43 theme scaffolds 942:950 arg1 ratio 908:912 the swelling ratio 895:912 the swelling ratio 895:912 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 5 43 theme scaffolds 942:950 arg1 biostability 922:933 the biostability 918:933 the biostability of the scaffolds 918:950 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 5 44 theme phosphate-buffered 845:862 arg1 PBS 872:874 PBS 872:874 PBS 872:874 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 5 44 theme phosphate-buffered 845:862 arg1 saline 864:869 phosphate-buffered saline 845:869 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution 845:884 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 10 45 theme structural 1510:1519 arg1 characteristics 1521:1535 the structural characteristics 1506:1535 the structural characteristics 1506:1535 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 11 46 theme physicochemical 1665:1679 arg1 characteristics 1681:1695 physicochemical characteristics 1665:1695 physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1665:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 3 47 theme subsequent 635:644 arg1 crosslinking 655:666 subsequent chemical crosslinking 635:666 subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin 635:677 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 8 48 theme cells 1289:1293 arg1 number 1254:1259 the number 1250:1259 the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells 1250:1293 A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. 24132994 1 49 theme intestinal 219:228 arg1 replacement 230:240 intestinal replacement 219:240 intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel 219:272 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 0 50 theme acid 25:28 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 0:97 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 6 51 theme scaffolds 999:1007 arg1 structure 982:990 the porous structure 971:990 the porous structure of the scaffolds 971:1007 It was found that the porous structure of the scaffolds could be tailored by further addition of HA. 24132994 5 52 theme saline 864:869 arg1 solution 877:884 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution 845:884 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution 845:884 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 2 53 theme intestinal 450:459 arg1 line 484:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 1 54 theme replacement 230:240 arg1 goal 211:214 the ultimate goal 198:214 the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel 198:272 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 11 55 dep cell 1724:1727 arg1 viability 1729:1737 viability 1729:1737 viability 1729:1737 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 10 56 theme gelatin-collagen 1566:1581 arg1 scaffolds 1583:1591 the gelatin-collagen scaffolds 1562:1591 the gelatin-collagen scaffolds 1562:1591 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 11 57 theme remarkable 1639:1648 arg1 enhancement 1650:1660 remarkable enhancement 1639:1660 remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1639:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 3 58 theme hybrid 516:521 arg1 scaffolds 523:531 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds 499:531 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA 499:567 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 2 59 theme cell 479:482 arg1 line 484:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 440:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 11 60 theme scaffolds 1704:1712 arg1 structure 1789:1797 their physical structure 1774:1797 physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1665:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 11 60 theme scaffolds 1704:1712 arg1 characteristics 1681:1695 physicochemical characteristics 1665:1695 physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1665:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 11 61 theme % 1624:1624 arg1 HA 1626:1627 25% HA 1622:1627 25% HA 1622:1627 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 1 62 theme engineered 126:135 arg1 tissue 148:153 engineered intestinal tissue 126:153 engineered intestinal tissue 126:153 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 11 63 theme 25 1622:1623 arg1 % 1624:1624 % 1624:1624 % 1624:1624 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 10 64 from improvement 1491:1501 arg1 characteristics 1521:1535 the structural characteristics 1506:1535 the structural characteristics 1506:1535 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 10 64 from improvement 1491:1501 arg1 cytocompatibility 1541:1557 cytocompatibility 1541:1557 cytocompatibility 1541:1557 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 11 65 theme physical 1780:1787 arg1 structure 1789:1797 their physical structure 1774:1797 physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1665:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 3 66 theme chemical 646:653 arg1 crosslinking 655:666 subsequent chemical crosslinking 635:666 subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin 635:677 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 1 67 theme intestinal 137:146 arg1 tissue 148:153 engineered intestinal tissue 126:153 engineered intestinal tissue 126:153 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 4 68 dep transform 777:785 arg1 infrared 787:794 infrared 787:794 transform infrared spectroscopy 777:807 The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 24132994 5 69 dep In 810:811 arg1 vitro 813:817 vitro 813:817 vitro 813:817 In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. 24132994 10 70 theme HA 1404:1405 arg1 addition 1378:1385 addition 1378:1385 addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen 1378:1461 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 1 71 theme tissue 148:153 arg1 creation 114:121 The creation 110:121 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue 110:153 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 1 72 theme massive 246:252 arg1 resections 254:263 massive resections 246:263 massive resections of bowel 246:272 The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. 24132994 0 73 theme intestine 70:78 arg1 engineering 87:97 gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 53:97 gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 53:97 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 4 74 theme electron 745:752 arg1 microscopy 754:763 scanning electron microscopy 736:763 scanning electron microscopy 736:763 The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 24132994 3 75 theme Gelatin/collagen 499:514 arg1 scaffolds 523:531 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds 499:531 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA 499:567 Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. 24132994 10 76 theme scaffolds 1583:1591 arg1 characteristics 1521:1535 the structural characteristics 1506:1535 the structural characteristics 1506:1535 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 10 76 theme scaffolds 1583:1591 arg1 cytocompatibility 1541:1557 cytocompatibility 1541:1557 cytocompatibility 1541:1557 We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. 24132994 0 77 theme gelatin-collagen 53:68 arg1 engineering 87:97 gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 53:97 gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering 53:97 The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin-collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds. 24132994 6 78 theme porous 975:980 arg1 structure 982:990 the porous structure 971:990 the porous structure of the scaffolds 971:1007 It was found that the porous structure of the scaffolds could be tailored by further addition of HA. 24132994 11 79 from enhancement 1650:1660 arg1 structure 1789:1797 their physical structure 1774:1797 physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1665:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 11 79 from enhancement 1650:1660 arg1 characteristics 1681:1695 physicochemical characteristics 1665:1695 physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure 1665:1797 However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure. 24132994 2 80 theme physicochemical 350:364 arg1 characteristics 366:380 the physicochemical characteristics 346:380 the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds 346:410 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 2 81 from effect 312:317 arg1 cytocompatibilty 420:435 its cytocompatibilty 416:435 its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line 416:487 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 24132994 2 81 from effect 312:317 arg1 characteristics 366:380 the physicochemical characteristics 346:380 the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds 346:410 In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. 25407159 4 0 theme dehydrogenase 556:568 arg1 Production 531:540 RESULTS Production 523:540 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase 523:568 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase was optimized leading to a more simplified medium composition. 25407159 7 1 theme sulfate 1085:1091 arg1 concentration 1093:1105 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration 1070:1105 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration 1070:1105 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 5 2 from profiles 702:709 arg1 materials 777:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials 714:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition 714:819 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 6 3 theme capture 878:884 arg1 step 886:889 the capture step 874:889 the capture step using IEX 874:899 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 7 4 theme M 1074:1074 arg1 concentration 1093:1105 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration 1070:1105 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration 1070:1105 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 10 5 theme Various 1361:1367 arg1 sugars 1369:1374 Various sugars 1361:1374 Various sugars 1361:1374 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 2 6 theme good 255:258 arg1 rolfsii 230:236 Sclerotium rolfsii 219:236 Sclerotium rolfsii 219:236 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 2 6 theme good 255:258 arg1 producer 260:267 a good producer 253:267 a good producer of CDH 253:274 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 4 7 theme medium 613:618 arg1 composition 620:630 a more simplified medium composition 595:630 a more simplified medium composition 595:630 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase was optimized leading to a more simplified medium composition. 25407159 1 8 theme lactobionic 198:208 arg1 acid 210:213 lactobionic acid 198:213 lactobionic acid 198:213 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 8 9 theme % 1180:1180 arg1 yield 1182:1186 56% yield 1178:1186 a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield) 1144:1187 Purification was moderate, yielding a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield). 25407159 6 10 theme XL 933:934 arg1 medium 936:941 a Q Sepharose XL medium 919:941 a Q Sepharose XL medium 919:941 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 5 11 theme different 714:722 arg1 materials 777:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials 714:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition 714:819 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 6 12 theme Q 921:921 arg1 medium 936:941 a Q Sepharose XL medium 919:941 a Q Sepharose XL medium 919:941 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 10 13 theme lyoprotective 1549:1561 arg1 effect 1563:1568 a high lyoprotective effect 1542:1568 a high lyoprotective effect 1542:1568 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 11 14 theme dehydrogenase 1736:1748 arg1 production 1750:1759 cellobiose dehydrogenase production 1725:1759 cellobiose dehydrogenase production 1725:1759 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 1 15 theme cellobiose 133:142 arg1 dehydrogenase 144:156 The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase 122:156 The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) 122:162 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 1 15 theme cellobiose 133:142 arg1 CDH 159:161 CDH 159:161 CDH 159:161 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 11 16 theme cultivation 1670:1680 arg1 medium 1682:1687 the cultivation medium 1666:1687 the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii 1666:1709 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 7 17 theme Subsequent 989:998 arg1 purification 1000:1011 Subsequent purification 989:1011 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography 989:1056 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 1 18 dep BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 used 171:174 used 171:174 can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid 164:213 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 13 19 theme lactobionic 1850:1860 arg1 acid 1862:1865 lactobionic acid 1850:1865 lactobionic acid 1850:1865 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 0 20 theme cellobiose 63:72 arg1 dehydrogenase 74:86 cellobiose dehydrogenase 63:86 cellobiose dehydrogenase 63:86 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 5 21 theme buffer 802:807 arg1 composition 809:819 buffer composition 802:819 buffer composition 802:819 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 8 22 dep activity 1155:1162 arg1 yield 1182:1186 56% yield 1178:1186 a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield) 1144:1187 Purification was moderate, yielding a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield). 25407159 11 23 theme rolfsii 1703:1709 arg1 medium 1682:1687 the cultivation medium 1666:1687 the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii 1666:1709 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 5 24 theme interaction 759:769 arg1 materials 777:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials 714:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition 714:819 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 5 25 theme enzyme 653:658 arg1 Purification 633:644 Purification 633:644 Purification of the enzyme 633:658 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 6 26 theme sodium 956:961 arg1 buffer 971:976 a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer 947:976 a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer 947:976 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 5 27 theme exchange 728:735 arg1 materials 777:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials 714:785 different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition 714:819 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 14 28 from °C 1955:1956 arg1 Storage 1940:1946 Storage 1940:1946 Storage at -20 °C using 50% (w/v) glycerol 1940:1981 Storage at -20 °C using 50% (w/v) glycerol was considered to be most suited for preservation of the enzyme. 25407159 6 29 theme 100 949:951 arg1 mM 953:954 mM 953:954 mM 953:954 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 10 30 theme enzyme 1584:1589 arg1 activity 1591:1598 enzyme activity 1584:1598 enzyme activity 1584:1598 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 9 31 theme enzyme 1269:1274 arg1 solution 1276:1283 the obtained enzyme solution 1256:1283 the obtained enzyme solution 1256:1283 However, as could be shown in a preliminary experiment, purity of the obtained enzyme solution was sufficient for its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 2 32 theme high 397:400 arg1 yield 402:406 a high yield 395:406 a high yield 395:406 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 0 33 theme production 16:25 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of production 0:25 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 0 33 theme production 16:25 arg1 lyophilisation 45:58 lyophilisation 45:58 lyophilisation 45:58 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 0 33 theme production 16:25 arg1 purification 28:39 purification 28:39 purification 28:39 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 12 34 theme CDH 1795:1797 arg1 production 1799:1808 CDH production 1795:1808 CDH production 1795:1808 Simultaneously, CDH production was increased by 21%. 25407159 10 35 theme protective 1428:1437 arg1 effect 1439:1444 their protective effect 1422:1444 their protective effect 1422:1444 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 10 36 contain have 1537:1540 arg2 effect 1563:1568 a high lyoprotective effect 1542:1568 a high lyoprotective effect 1542:1568 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 10 36 contain have 1537:1540 arg1 lactulose 1504:1512 lactulose 1504:1512 lactulose 1504:1512 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 1 37 theme enzyme 126:131 arg1 dehydrogenase 144:156 The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase 122:156 The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) 122:162 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 1 37 theme enzyme 126:131 arg1 CDH 159:161 CDH 159:161 CDH 159:161 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 14 38 theme 50 1964:1965 arg1 % 1966:1966 % 1966:1966 % 1966:1966 Storage at -20 °C using 50% (w/v) glycerol was considered to be most suited for preservation of the enzyme. 25407159 13 39 theme acid 1862:1865 arg1 production 1836:1845 The production 1832:1845 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose 1832:1878 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 13 39 theme acid 1862:1865 arg1 possible 1883:1890 possible 1883:1890 possible 1883:1890 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 2 40 theme paper 293:297 arg1 aim 281:283 the aim 277:283 the aim of this paper 277:297 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 3 41 theme protectants 492:502 arg1 influence 471:479 the influence 467:479 the influence of several protectants 467:502 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) and the influence of several protectants were investigated. 25407159 3 41 theme protectants 492:502 arg1 methods 426:432 Two preservation methods 409:432 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) 409:461 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) and the influence of several protectants were investigated. 25407159 13 42 theme unpurified 1921:1930 arg1 enzyme 1932:1937 partially purified and unpurified enzyme 1898:1937 partially purified and unpurified enzyme 1898:1937 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 10 43 theme °C. 1488:1490 arg1 Glucose 1492:1498 -20 °C. Glucose 1484:1498 -20 °C. Glucose 1484:1498 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 5 44 theme hydrophobic 747:757 arg1 HIC 772:774 HIC 772:774 HIC 772:774 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 5 44 theme hydrophobic 747:757 arg1 interaction 759:769 hydrophobic interaction 747:769 hydrophobic interaction (HIC) 747:775 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 9 45 theme lactobionic 1343:1353 arg1 acid 1355:1358 lactobionic acid 1343:1358 lactobionic acid 1343:1358 However, as could be shown in a preliminary experiment, purity of the obtained enzyme solution was sufficient for its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 4 46 theme cellobiose 545:554 arg1 dehydrogenase 556:568 cellobiose dehydrogenase 545:568 cellobiose dehydrogenase 545:568 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase was optimized leading to a more simplified medium composition. 25407159 7 47 theme ammonium 1076:1083 arg1 concentration 1093:1105 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration 1070:1105 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration 1070:1105 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 2 48 theme CDH 272:274 arg1 rolfsii 230:236 Sclerotium rolfsii 219:236 Sclerotium rolfsii 219:236 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 2 48 theme CDH 272:274 arg1 producer 260:267 a good producer 253:267 a good producer of CDH 253:274 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 11 49 dep CONCLUSION 1640:1649 arg1 simplifying 1654:1664 simplifying 1654:1664 simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii 1654:1709 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 7 50 theme 1.1 1070:1072 arg1 M 1074:1074 M 1074:1074 M 1074:1074 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 13 51 theme purified 1908:1915 arg1 enzyme 1932:1937 partially purified and unpurified enzyme 1898:1937 partially purified and unpurified enzyme 1898:1937 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 8 52 theme specific 1146:1153 arg1 activity 1155:1162 a specific activity 1144:1162 a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield) 1144:1187 Purification was moderate, yielding a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield). 25407159 9 53 theme intended 1308:1315 arg1 use 1317:1319 its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid 1304:1358 its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid 1304:1358 However, as could be shown in a preliminary experiment, purity of the obtained enzyme solution was sufficient for its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 10 54 theme high 1544:1547 arg1 effect 1563:1568 a high lyoprotective effect 1542:1568 a high lyoprotective effect 1542:1568 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 11 55 theme cellobiose 1725:1734 arg1 production 1750:1759 cellobiose dehydrogenase production 1725:1759 cellobiose dehydrogenase production 1725:1759 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 5 56 theme breakthrough 689:700 arg1 profiles 702:709 breakthrough profiles 689:709 breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition 689:819 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 8 57 theme U/mg 1172:1175 arg1 activity 1155:1162 a specific activity 1144:1162 a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield) 1144:1187 Purification was moderate, yielding a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield). 25407159 4 58 theme simplified 602:611 arg1 composition 620:630 a more simplified medium composition 595:630 a more simplified medium composition 595:630 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase was optimized leading to a more simplified medium composition. 25407159 7 59 theme hydrophobic 1019:1029 arg1 chromatography 1043:1056 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 1019:1056 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 1019:1056 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 8 60 theme 56 1178:1179 arg1 % 1180:1180 % 1180:1180 % 1180:1180 Purification was moderate, yielding a specific activity of 11.9 U/mg (56% yield). 25407159 6 61 theme Sepharose 923:931 arg1 medium 936:941 a Q Sepharose XL medium 919:941 a Q Sepharose XL medium 919:941 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 14 62 dep % 1966:1966 arg1 w/v 1969:1971 w/v 1969:1971 w/v 1969:1971 Storage at -20 °C using 50% (w/v) glycerol was considered to be most suited for preservation of the enzyme. 25407159 14 63 theme enzyme 2040:2045 arg1 preservation 2020:2031 preservation 2020:2031 preservation of the enzyme 2020:2045 Storage at -20 °C using 50% (w/v) glycerol was considered to be most suited for preservation of the enzyme. 25407159 2 64 theme Sclerotium 219:228 arg1 rolfsii 230:236 Sclerotium rolfsii 219:236 Sclerotium rolfsii 219:236 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 2 64 theme Sclerotium 219:228 arg1 producer 260:267 a good producer 253:267 a good producer of CDH 253:274 As Sclerotium rolfsii is known to be a good producer of CDH, the aim of this paper was to simplify its production and secondly to systematically study its purification aiming for a high yield. 25407159 13 65 from lactose 1872:1878 arg1 production 1836:1845 The production 1832:1845 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose 1832:1878 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 13 65 from lactose 1872:1878 arg1 possible 1883:1890 possible 1883:1890 possible 1883:1890 The production of lactobionic acid from lactose is possible using partially purified and unpurified enzyme. 25407159 11 66 theme production 1750:1759 arg1 costs 1716:1720 the costs 1712:1720 the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production 1712:1759 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 0 67 theme dehydrogenase 74:86 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of production 0:25 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 0 67 theme dehydrogenase 74:86 arg1 lyophilisation 45:58 lyophilisation 45:58 lyophilisation 45:58 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 0 67 theme dehydrogenase 74:86 arg1 purification 28:39 purification 28:39 purification 28:39 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 1 68 used used 171:174 arg2 CDH 159:161 CDH 159:161 CDH 159:161 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 1 68 used used 171:174 arg2 dehydrogenase 144:156 The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase 122:156 The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) 122:162 BACKGROUND The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) can be used to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 0 69 theme Sclerotium 91:100 arg1 rolfsii 102:108 Sclerotium rolfsii 91:108 Sclerotium rolfsii 91:108 Optimization of production, purification and lyophilisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase by Sclerotium rolfsii. 25407159 9 70 theme preliminary 1222:1232 arg1 experiment 1234:1243 a preliminary experiment 1220:1243 a preliminary experiment 1220:1243 However, as could be shown in a preliminary experiment, purity of the obtained enzyme solution was sufficient for its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 6 71 theme acetate 963:969 arg1 buffer 971:976 a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer 947:976 a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer 947:976 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 10 72 theme sugar 1380:1384 arg1 alcohols 1386:1393 sugar alcohols 1380:1393 sugar alcohols 1380:1393 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 5 73 theme ion 724:726 arg1 IEX 738:740 IEX 738:740 IEX 738:740 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 5 73 theme ion 724:726 arg1 exchange 728:735 ion exchange 724:735 ion exchange (IEX) 724:741 Purification of the enzyme was evaluated by determining breakthrough profiles on different ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) materials with regard to buffer composition. 25407159 11 74 dep reduced 1770:1776 arg1 CONCLUSION 1640:1649 CONCLUSION 1640:1649 CONCLUSION 1640:1649 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 6 75 theme mM 953:954 arg1 buffer 971:976 a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer 947:976 a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer 947:976 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 11 76 theme Sclerotium 1692:1701 arg1 rolfsii 1703:1709 Sclerotium rolfsii 1692:1709 Sclerotium rolfsii 1692:1709 CONCLUSION By simplifying the cultivation medium of Sclerotium rolfsii, the costs of cellobiose dehydrogenase production could be reduced. 25407159 10 77 theme activity 1591:1598 arg1 loss 1576:1579 loss 1576:1579 loss of enzyme activity 1576:1598 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 9 78 theme obtained 1260:1267 arg1 solution 1276:1283 the obtained enzyme solution 1256:1283 the obtained enzyme solution 1256:1283 However, as could be shown in a preliminary experiment, purity of the obtained enzyme solution was sufficient for its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 4 79 theme RESULTS 523:529 arg1 Production 531:540 RESULTS Production 523:540 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase 523:568 RESULTS Production of cellobiose dehydrogenase was optimized leading to a more simplified medium composition. 25407159 9 80 theme solution 1276:1283 arg1 purity 1246:1251 purity 1246:1251 purity of the obtained enzyme solution 1246:1283 However, as could be shown in a preliminary experiment, purity of the obtained enzyme solution was sufficient for its intended use to oxidize lactose to lactobionic acid. 25407159 6 81 theme acceptable 851:860 arg1 loss 862:865 an acceptable loss 848:865 an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX 848:899 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 6 82 with purification 830:841 arg1 loss 862:865 an acceptable loss 848:865 an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX 848:899 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 10 83 dep high 1604:1607 arg1 % 1612:1612 77% 1610:1612 77% 1610:1612 Various sugars and sugar alcohols were investigated to study their protective effect during lyophilisation and freezing at -20 °C. Glucose and lactulose could be identified to have a high lyoprotective effect while loss of enzyme activity was high (77%) when using no additives. 25407159 3 84 theme preservation 413:424 arg1 methods 426:432 Two preservation methods 409:432 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) 409:461 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) and the influence of several protectants were investigated. 25407159 7 85 theme interaction 1031:1041 arg1 chromatography 1043:1056 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 1019:1056 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 1019:1056 Subsequent purification using hydrophobic interaction chromatography was done at 1.1 M ammonium sulfate concentration. 25407159 14 86 theme % 1966:1966 arg1 glycerol 1974:1981 50% (w/v) glycerol 1964:1981 50% (w/v) glycerol 1964:1981 Storage at -20 °C using 50% (w/v) glycerol was considered to be most suited for preservation of the enzyme. 25407159 6 87 theme Highest 822:828 arg1 purification 830:841 Highest purification 822:841 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX 822:899 Highest purification with an acceptable loss during the capture step using IEX was obtained with a Q Sepharose XL medium and a 100 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5. 25407159 3 88 dep methods 426:432 arg1 freeze-drying 448:460 freeze-drying 448:460 freeze-drying 448:460 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) and the influence of several protectants were investigated. 25407159 3 88 dep methods 426:432 arg1 freezing 435:442 freezing 435:442 freezing 435:442 Two preservation methods (freezing and freeze-drying) and the influence of several protectants were investigated. 25327182 7 0 theme Blautia 1179:1185 arg1 prausnitzii 1142:1152 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1125:1152 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1125:1152 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 7 0 theme Blautia 1179:1185 arg1 rectale 1209:1215 Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale 1179:1215 Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale 1179:1215 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 11 1 theme butyrate 1745:1752 arg1 size 1759:1762 the large-intestinal butyrate pool size 1724:1762 the large-intestinal butyrate pool size 1724:1762 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 10 2 dep intermediate 1485:1496 arg1 P 1499:1499 P <0.001 1499:1506 P <0.001 1499:1506 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 10 2 dep intermediate 1485:1496 arg1 intermediate 1485:1496 intermediate 1485:1496 intermediate 1485:1496 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 10 2 dep intermediate 1485:1496 arg1 RSD 1475:1477 the RSD 1471:1477 the RSD 1471:1477 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 3 3 theme NSP 783:785 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 3 theme NSP 783:785 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 7 4 theme higher 1108:1113 arg1 number 1115:1120 a higher number 1106:1120 a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp 1106:1236 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 0 5 from composition 140:150 arg1 pigs 155:158 pigs 155:158 pigs 155:158 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 6 6 theme more 970:973 arg1 colon 964:968 the distal colon 953:968 the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs 953:1019 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs passed from the ileum to the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs, with those from RSD-fed pigs being intermediate (P< 0.001). 25327182 0 7 theme microbial 130:138 arg1 composition 140:150 faecal microbial composition 123:150 faecal microbial composition 123:150 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 6 8 theme distal 957:962 arg1 colon 964:968 the distal colon 953:968 the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs 953:1019 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs passed from the ileum to the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs, with those from RSD-fed pigs being intermediate (P< 0.001). 25327182 11 9 theme pool 1754:1757 arg1 size 1759:1762 the large-intestinal butyrate pool size 1724:1762 the large-intestinal butyrate pool size 1724:1762 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 2 10 theme female 463:468 arg1 kg 503:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 10 theme female 463:468 arg1 pigs 470:473 thirty female pigs 456:473 thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) 456:505 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 3 11 theme AX 791:792 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 11 theme AX 791:792 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 9 12 dep P< 1322:1323 arg1 faeces 1269:1274 the faeces 1265:1274 the faeces sampled at week 3 of the experimental period 1265:1319 in the faeces sampled at week 3 of the experimental period (P< 0.05). 25327182 0 13 theme large 103:107 arg1 intestine 109:117 large intestine 103:117 large intestine 103:117 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 1 14 theme pool 311:314 arg1 processes 277:285 digestion processes 267:285 digestion processes 267:285 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 14 theme pool 311:314 arg1 size 316:319 pool size 311:319 pool size 311:319 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 10 15 theme pool 1417:1420 arg1 size 1422:1425 a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size 1395:1425 a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate 1395:1437 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 1 16 theme high 178:181 arg1 level 183:187 a high level 176:187 a high level of dietary fibre (DF) 176:209 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 2 17 theme RS-rich 596:602 arg1 diet 604:607 a RS-rich diet 594:607 a RS-rich diet (RSD) 594:613 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 17 theme RS-rich 596:602 arg1 RSD 610:612 RSD 610:612 RSD 610:612 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 10 18 theme WSD 1453:1455 arg1 feeding 1457:1463 WSD feeding 1453:1463 WSD feeding 1453:1463 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 3 19 from intestine 807:815 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 19 from intestine 807:815 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 2 20 theme weight 481:486 arg1 kg 503:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 20 theme weight 481:486 arg1 pigs 470:473 thirty female pigs 456:473 thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) 456:505 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 6 21 theme WSD-fed 1008:1014 arg1 pigs 1016:1019 WSD-fed pigs 1008:1019 WSD-fed pigs 1008:1019 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs passed from the ileum to the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs, with those from RSD-fed pigs being intermediate (P< 0.001). 25327182 1 22 theme intestinal 332:341 arg1 segments 343:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 23 dep arabinoxylan 221:232 arg1 AX 235:236 AX 235:236 AX 235:236 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 24 from effects 165:171 arg1 composition 373:383 the microbial composition 359:383 the microbial composition in the faeces 359:397 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 24 from effects 165:171 arg1 processes 277:285 digestion processes 267:285 digestion processes 267:285 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 24 from effects 165:171 arg1 concentration 293:305 SCFA concentration 288:305 SCFA concentration 288:305 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 24 from effects 165:171 arg1 size 316:319 pool size 311:319 pool size 311:319 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 0 25 theme digestion 57:65 arg1 processes 67:75 digestion processes 57:75 digestion processes 57:75 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 1 26 theme digestion 267:275 arg1 processes 277:285 digestion processes 267:285 digestion processes 267:285 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 26 theme digestion 267:275 arg1 concentration 293:305 SCFA concentration 288:305 SCFA concentration 288:305 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 26 theme digestion 267:275 arg1 size 316:319 pool size 311:319 pool size 311:319 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 2 27 theme low-DF 518:523 arg1 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 27 theme low-DF 518:523 arg1 diet 557:560 a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet 516:560 diet 557:560 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 10 28 dep resulted 1383:1390 arg1 compared 1439:1446 compared 1439:1446 compared 1439:1446 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 0 29 theme pool 86:89 arg1 size 91:94 SCFA pool size 81:94 SCFA pool size 81:94 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 0 30 from arabinoxylan 35:46 arg1 high 6:9 high 6:9 high 6:9 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 1 31 from size 316:319 arg1 segments 343:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 0 32 from starch 24:29 arg1 high 6:9 high 6:9 high 6:9 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 2 33 theme control 549:555 arg1 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 33 theme control 549:555 arg1 diet 557:560 a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet 516:560 diet 557:560 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 34 theme high-fat 526:533 arg1 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 34 theme high-fat 526:533 arg1 diet 557:560 a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet 516:560 diet 557:560 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 1 35 theme resistant 242:250 arg1 starch 252:257 resistant starch 242:257 resistant starch (RS) 242:262 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 35 theme resistant 242:250 arg1 RS 260:261 RS 260:261 RS 260:261 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 3 36 theme xylose 737:742 arg1 ratio 744:748 the arabinose:xylose ratio 723:748 the arabinose:xylose ratio 723:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 5 37 theme slower 877:882 arg1 rate 884:887 a slower rate 875:887 a slower rate than RS 875:895 AX was digested at a slower rate than RS. 25327182 10 38 theme AXD 1371:1373 arg1 feeding 1375:1381 AXD feeding 1371:1381 AXD feeding 1371:1381 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 9 39 theme experimental 1301:1312 arg1 period 1314:1319 the experimental period 1297:1319 the experimental period 1297:1319 in the faeces sampled at week 3 of the experimental period (P< 0.05). 25327182 3 40 theme arabinose 727:735 arg1 ratio 744:748 the arabinose:xylose ratio 723:748 the arabinose:xylose ratio 723:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 1 41 dep level 183:187 arg1 either 211:216 either 211:216 either 211:216 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 7 42 theme coccoides-Eubacterium 1187:1207 arg1 prausnitzii 1142:1152 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1125:1152 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1125:1152 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 7 42 theme coccoides-Eubacterium 1187:1207 arg1 rectale 1209:1215 Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale 1179:1215 Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale 1179:1215 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 3 43 from disappearance 766:778 arg1 intestine 807:815 the large intestine 797:815 the large intestine 797:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 2 44 theme sem 494:496 arg1 kg 503:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 44 theme sem 494:496 arg1 pigs 470:473 thirty female pigs 456:473 thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) 456:505 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 3 45 from NSP 783:785 arg1 intestine 807:815 the large intestine 797:815 the large intestine 797:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 1 46 with experiment 423:432 arg1 pigs 439:442 pigs 439:442 pigs 439:442 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 47 theme microbial 363:371 arg1 composition 373:383 the microbial composition 359:383 the microbial composition in the faeces 359:397 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 10 48 theme higher 1410:1415 arg1 size 1422:1425 a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size 1395:1425 a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate 1395:1437 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 11 49 theme microbial 1646:1654 arg1 composition 1656:1666 the microbial composition 1642:1666 the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces 1642:1708 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 7 50 theme prausnitzii 1142:1152 arg1 number 1115:1120 a higher number 1106:1120 a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp 1106:1236 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 11 51 theme large-intestinal 1728:1743 arg1 size 1759:1762 the large-intestinal butyrate pool size 1724:1762 the large-intestinal butyrate pool size 1724:1762 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 10 52 theme butyrate 1430:1437 arg1 size 1422:1425 a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size 1395:1425 a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate 1395:1437 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 3 53 from digestibility 660:672 arg1 intestine 807:815 the large intestine 797:815 the large intestine 797:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 7 54 theme AXD 1082:1084 arg1 feeding 1086:1092 AXD feeding 1082:1092 AXD feeding 1082:1092 AXD feeding resulted in a higher number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium spp. 25327182 0 55 theme faecal 123:128 arg1 composition 140:150 faecal microbial composition 123:150 faecal microbial composition 123:150 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 1 56 theme level 183:187 arg1 effects 165:171 The effects 161:171 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces 161:397 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 11 57 theme butyrogenic 1676:1686 arg1 species 1688:1694 butyrogenic species 1676:1694 butyrogenic species 1676:1694 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 1 58 theme various 324:330 arg1 segments 343:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 11 59 theme digestion 1562:1570 arg1 processes 1572:1580 digestion processes 1562:1580 digestion processes 1562:1580 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 2 60 theme body 476:479 arg1 kg 503:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg 476:504 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 60 theme body 476:479 arg1 pigs 470:473 thirty female pigs 456:473 thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) 456:505 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 3 61 theme DM 677:678 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 61 theme DM 677:678 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 2 62 theme pigs 470:473 arg1 total 447:451 A total 445:451 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) 445:505 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 6 63 theme AXD-fed 915:921 arg1 pigs 923:926 AXD-fed pigs 915:926 AXD-fed pigs 915:926 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs passed from the ileum to the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs, with those from RSD-fed pigs being intermediate (P< 0.001). 25327182 2 64 theme AX-rich 572:578 arg1 AXD 586:588 AXD 586:588 AXD 586:588 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 64 theme AX-rich 572:578 arg1 diet 580:583 an AX-rich diet 569:583 an AX-rich diet (AXD) 569:589 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 10 65 dep 3- 1397:1398 arg1 to 1400:1401 to 1400:1401 to 1400:1401 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 6 66 from pigs 923:926 arg1 digesta 902:908 The digesta 898:908 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs 898:926 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs passed from the ileum to the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs, with those from RSD-fed pigs being intermediate (P< 0.001). 25327182 0 67 theme SCFA 81:84 arg1 size 91:94 SCFA pool size 81:94 SCFA pool size 81:94 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 0 68 dep intestine 109:117 arg1 the 99:101 the 99:101 the 99:101 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 3 69 theme fat 690:692 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 69 theme fat 690:692 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 0 70 from high 6:9 arg1 arabinoxylan 35:46 arabinoxylan 35:46 arabinoxylan 35:46 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 0 70 from high 6:9 arg1 starch 24:29 resistant starch 14:29 resistant starch 14:29 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 3 71 theme large 801:805 arg1 intestine 807:815 the large intestine 797:815 the large intestine 797:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 72 theme protein 681:687 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 72 theme protein 681:687 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 1 73 theme SCFA 288:291 arg1 processes 277:285 digestion processes 267:285 digestion processes 267:285 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 73 theme SCFA 288:291 arg1 concentration 293:305 SCFA concentration 288:305 SCFA concentration 288:305 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 3 74 theme NSP 703:705 arg1 components 707:716 NSP components 703:716 NSP components 703:716 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 0 75 theme high 6:9 arg1 Diets 0:4 Diets 0:4 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan 0:46 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 3 76 theme NSP 695:697 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 76 theme NSP 695:697 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 2 77 theme Western-style 535:547 arg1 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 WSD 563:565 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 2 77 theme Western-style 535:547 arg1 diet 557:560 a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet 516:560 diet 557:560 A total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-DF, high-fat Western-style control diet (WSD), an AX-rich diet (AXD) or a RS-rich diet (RSD) for 3 weeks. 25327182 0 78 theme resistant 14:22 arg1 starch 24:29 resistant starch 14:29 resistant starch 14:29 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 10 79 theme proximal 1347:1354 arg1 colon 1364:1368 proximal and mid colon 1347:1368 proximal and mid colon 1347:1368 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 6 80 theme RSD-fed 1038:1044 arg1 pigs 1046:1049 RSD-fed pigs 1038:1049 RSD-fed pigs 1038:1049 The digesta from AXD-fed pigs passed from the ileum to the distal colon more than twice as fast as those from WSD-fed pigs, with those from RSD-fed pigs being intermediate (P< 0.001). 25327182 3 81 theme ratio 744:748 arg1 digestibility 660:672 the digestibility 656:672 the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio 656:748 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 3 81 theme ratio 744:748 arg1 disappearance 766:778 the disappearance 762:778 the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine 762:815 Diet significantly affected the digestibility of DM, protein, fat, NSP and NSP components, and the arabinose:xylose ratio, as well as the disappearance of NSP and AX in the large intestine. 25327182 1 82 theme model 417:421 arg1 experiment 423:432 a model experiment 415:432 a model experiment with pigs 415:442 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 9 83 theme period 1314:1319 arg1 week 1287:1290 week 3 1287:1292 week 3 of the experimental period 1287:1319 in the faeces sampled at week 3 of the experimental period (P< 0.05). 25327182 10 84 theme mid 1360:1362 arg1 colon 1364:1368 proximal and mid colon 1347:1368 proximal and mid colon 1347:1368 In the caecum, proximal and mid colon, AXD feeding resulted in a 3- to 5-fold higher pool size of butyrate compared with WSD feeding, with the RSD being intermediate (P <0.001). 25327182 1 85 theme fibre 200:204 arg1 level 183:187 a high level 176:187 a high level of dietary fibre (DF) 176:209 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 1 86 from composition 373:383 arg1 faeces 392:397 the faeces 388:397 the faeces 388:397 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 25327182 11 87 from composition 1656:1666 arg1 faeces 1703:1708 the faeces 1699:1708 the faeces 1699:1708 In conclusion, the RSD and AXD differently affected digestion processes compared with the WSD, and the AXD most efficiently shifted the microbial composition towards butyrogenic species in the faeces and increased the large-intestinal butyrate pool size. 25327182 0 88 from intestine 109:117 arg1 pigs 155:158 pigs 155:158 pigs 155:158 Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and SCFA pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. 25327182 1 89 from concentration 293:305 arg1 segments 343:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 various intestinal segments 324:350 The effects of a high level of dietary fibre (DF) either as arabinoxylan (AX) or resistant starch (RS) on digestion processes, SCFA concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. 29160129 1 0 with microparticles 194:207 arg1 goal 227:230 the ultimate goal 214:230 the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties 214:271 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 29160129 8 1 theme microparticles 1423:1436 arg1 potential 1366:1374 the potential 1362:1374 the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications 1362:1480 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 5 2 theme sample 843:848 arg1 groups 850:855 all sample groups 839:855 all sample groups 839:855 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 6 3 with scaffolds 1078:1086 arg1 size 1123:1126 size 1123:1126 size 1123:1126 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 6 3 with scaffolds 1078:1086 arg1 shape 1113:1117 shape 1113:1117 shape 1113:1117 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 6 4 theme injectable 1067:1076 arg1 microparticles 1017:1030 these microparticles 1011:1030 these microparticles 1011:1030 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 6 4 theme injectable 1067:1076 arg1 scaffolds 1078:1086 the injectable scaffolds 1063:1086 the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size 1063:1126 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 7 5 theme silica 1150:1155 arg1 nanopowder 1157:1166 silica nanopowder 1150:1166 silica nanopowder 1150:1166 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 8 6 from results 1318:1324 arg1 study 1334:1338 this study 1329:1338 this study 1329:1338 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 6 7 theme morphological 907:919 arg1 characterization 921:936 The morphological characterization 903:936 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy 903:997 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 7 8 theme nanopowder 1157:1166 arg1 incorporation 1133:1145 The incorporation 1129:1145 The incorporation of silica nanopowder 1129:1166 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 3 9 theme silica 480:485 arg1 nanopowder 487:496 silica nanopowder 480:496 silica nanopowder 480:496 We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. 29160129 7 10 theme microparticles 1202:1215 arg1 nano-roughness 1180:1193 the nano-roughness 1176:1193 the nano-roughness of the microparticles 1176:1215 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 4 11 theme genes 719:723 arg1 expression 660:669 the increased expression 646:669 the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes 646:723 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 5 12 theme control 873:879 arg1 groups 885:890 the control (C) groups 869:890 the control (C) groups 869:890 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 3 13 theme simple 456:461 arg1 incorporation 463:475 this simple incorporation 451:475 this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder 451:496 We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. 29160129 1 14 theme ultimate 218:225 arg1 goal 227:230 the ultimate goal 214:230 the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties 214:271 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 29160129 7 15 theme atomic 1237:1242 arg1 microscopy 1250:1259 atomic force microscopy 1237:1259 atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3 1237:1311 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 4 16 theme composite 609:617 arg1 microparticles 619:632 the composite microparticles 605:632 the composite microparticles 605:632 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 0 17 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 nanosilica-chitosan 11:29 Injectable nanosilica-chitosan 0:29 Injectable nanosilica-chitosan 0:29 Injectable nanosilica-chitosan microparticles for bone regeneration applications. 29160129 8 18 theme regeneration 1456:1467 arg1 applications 1469:1480 improved bone regeneration applications 1442:1480 improved bone regeneration applications 1442:1480 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 4 19 theme phosphatase 683:693 arg1 expression 660:669 the increased expression 646:669 the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes 646:723 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 8 20 theme chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica 1379:1410 arg1 microparticles 1423:1436 chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles 1379:1436 chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles 1379:1436 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 7 21 with scans 1261:1265 arg1 values 1282:1287 roughness values 1272:1287 roughness values going down from C to S3 1272:1311 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 3 22 theme nanopowder 487:496 arg1 incorporation 463:475 this simple incorporation 451:475 this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder 451:496 We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. 29160129 7 23 theme roughness 1272:1280 arg1 values 1282:1287 roughness values 1272:1287 roughness values going down from C to S3 1272:1311 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 5 24 theme C 882:882 arg1 groups 885:890 the control (C) groups 869:890 the control (C) groups 869:890 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 8 25 theme nanopowder 1412:1421 arg1 microparticles 1423:1436 chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles 1379:1436 chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles 1379:1436 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 4 26 theme osteoblast 699:708 arg1 genes 719:723 osteoblast specific genes 699:723 osteoblast specific genes 699:723 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 2 27 theme silica 344:349 arg1 nanopowder 351:360 silica nanopowder 344:360 silica nanopowder 344:360 The microparticles were prepared by simple coacervation technique and silica nanopowder was added at 0% (C), 2.5% (S1), 5% (S2) and 10% (S3) (w/w) to chitosan. 29160129 6 28 theme spherical 1103:1111 arg1 shape 1113:1117 shape 1113:1117 shape 1113:1117 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 0 29 theme regeneration 55:66 arg1 applications 68:79 bone regeneration applications 50:79 bone regeneration applications 50:79 Injectable nanosilica-chitosan microparticles for bone regeneration applications. 29160129 4 30 theme increased 650:658 arg1 expression 660:669 the increased expression 646:669 the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes 646:723 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 5 31 theme alkaline 794:801 arg1 phosphatase 803:813 alkaline phosphatase 794:813 alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14 794:900 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 1 32 theme osteogenic 251:260 arg1 properties 262:271 their osteogenic properties 245:271 their osteogenic properties 245:271 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 29160129 0 33 theme bone 50:53 arg1 applications 68:79 bone regeneration applications 50:79 bone regeneration applications 50:79 Injectable nanosilica-chitosan microparticles for bone regeneration applications. 29160129 5 34 theme significant 740:750 arg1 increase 752:759 a significant increase 738:759 a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14 738:900 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 5 34 theme significant 740:750 arg1 p < 0.05 763:770 p < 0.05 763:770 p < 0.05 763:770 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 3 35 theme osteoblasts 539:549 arg1 proliferation 522:534 proliferation 522:534 proliferation 522:534 We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. 29160129 3 35 theme osteoblasts 539:549 arg1 growth 511:516 growth 511:516 growth 511:516 We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. 29160129 5 36 theme phosphatase 803:813 arg1 expression 780:789 the expression 776:789 the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14 776:900 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 3 37 theme microparticles 576:589 arg1 surface 561:567 the surface 557:567 the surface of the microparticles 557:589 We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. 29160129 7 38 theme force 1244:1248 arg1 microscopy 1250:1259 atomic force microscopy 1237:1259 atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3 1237:1311 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 8 39 theme bone 1451:1454 arg1 regeneration 1456:1467 improved bone regeneration 1442:1467 improved bone regeneration applications 1442:1480 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 1 40 theme silica 131:136 arg1 incorporation 149:161 silica nanopowder incorporation 131:161 silica nanopowder incorporation 131:161 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 29160129 8 41 theme improved 1442:1449 arg1 regeneration 1456:1467 improved bone regeneration 1442:1467 improved bone regeneration applications 1442:1480 The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications. 29160129 2 42 theme coacervation 317:328 arg1 technique 330:338 simple coacervation technique 310:338 simple coacervation technique 310:338 The microparticles were prepared by simple coacervation technique and silica nanopowder was added at 0% (C), 2.5% (S1), 5% (S2) and 10% (S3) (w/w) to chitosan. 29160129 6 43 used used 1055:1058 arg2 scaffolds 1078:1086 the injectable scaffolds 1063:1086 the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size 1063:1126 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 6 43 used used 1055:1058 arg2 microparticles 1017:1030 these microparticles 1011:1030 these microparticles 1011:1030 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 1 44 theme nanopowder 138:147 arg1 incorporation 149:161 silica nanopowder incorporation 131:161 silica nanopowder incorporation 131:161 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 29160129 4 45 theme specific 710:717 arg1 genes 719:723 osteoblast specific genes 699:723 osteoblast specific genes 699:723 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 6 46 theme scanning 970:977 arg1 microscopy 988:997 scanning electron microscopy 970:997 scanning electron microscopy 970:997 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 2 47 theme simple 310:315 arg1 technique 330:338 simple coacervation technique 310:338 simple coacervation technique 310:338 The microparticles were prepared by simple coacervation technique and silica nanopowder was added at 0% (C), 2.5% (S1), 5% (S2) and 10% (S3) (w/w) to chitosan. 29160129 1 48 theme incorporation 149:161 arg1 effects 120:126 the effects 116:126 the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation 116:161 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 29160129 4 49 theme alkaline 674:681 arg1 phosphatase 683:693 alkaline phosphatase 674:693 alkaline phosphatase 674:693 In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. 29160129 6 50 theme electron 979:986 arg1 microscopy 988:997 scanning electron microscopy 970:997 scanning electron microscopy 970:997 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 6 51 theme microparticles 947:960 arg1 characterization 921:936 The morphological characterization 903:936 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy 903:997 The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. 29160129 5 52 from increase 752:759 arg1 expression 780:789 the expression 776:789 the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14 776:900 We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. 29160129 7 53 theme microscopy 1250:1259 arg1 scans 1261:1265 atomic force microscopy scans 1237:1265 atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3 1237:1311 The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. 29160129 1 54 theme chitosan-tripolyphosphate 168:192 arg1 microparticles 194:207 chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles 168:207 chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties 168:271 This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. 25335974 5 0 theme different 729:737 arg1 shifts 748:753 different chemical shifts 729:753 different chemical shifts 729:753 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 6 1 theme wild-type 899:907 arg1 fibroblasts 956:966 wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts 899:966 wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts 899:966 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 5 2 theme polysaccharide 872:885 arg1 sulfation 818:826 the sulfation 814:826 the sulfation 814:826 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 5 2 theme polysaccharide 872:885 arg1 profiles 856:863 the iduronic/glucuronic profiles 832:863 the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide 832:885 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 0 3 theme cell 90:93 arg1 culture 95:101 cell culture 90:101 cell culture 90:101 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 3 4 theme sulfate 518:524 arg1 distribution 526:537 sulfate distribution 518:537 sulfate distribution through compositional analysis 518:568 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 4 5 theme 1 592:592 arg1 C 600:600 C 600:600 C 600:600 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 0 6 theme metabolic 115:123 arg1 labeling 125:132 metabolic labeling 115:132 metabolic labeling 115:132 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 2 7 theme HS 282:283 arg1 sulfation 285:293 HS sulfation 282:293 HS sulfation 282:293 Protein binding depends on the level of HS sulfation and epimerization which are cell specific and dynamically regulated. 25335974 7 8 theme pathological 1248:1259 arg1 development 1261:1271 pathological development 1248:1271 pathological development 1248:1271 This approach should be of significant interest to better understand HS changes that occur through physiologic regulations or during pathological development. 25335974 7 9 theme significant 1142:1152 arg1 interest 1154:1161 significant interest 1142:1161 significant interest 1142:1161 This approach should be of significant interest to better understand HS changes that occur through physiologic regulations or during pathological development. 25335974 5 10 theme peak 704:707 arg1 volumes 709:715 the peak volumes 700:715 the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts 700:753 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 3 11 theme compositional 547:559 arg1 analysis 561:568 compositional analysis 547:568 compositional analysis 547:568 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 6 12 theme biosynthetic 1093:1104 arg1 enzymes 1106:1112 HS biosynthetic enzymes 1090:1112 HS biosynthetic enzymes 1090:1112 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 1 13 theme heparan 182:188 arg1 HS 199:200 HS 199:200 HS 199:200 Through its ability to interact with proteins, heparan sulfate (HS) fulfills a large variety of functions. 25335974 1 13 theme heparan 182:188 arg1 sulfate 190:196 heparan sulfate 182:196 heparan sulfate (HS) 182:201 Through its ability to interact with proteins, heparan sulfate (HS) fulfills a large variety of functions. 25335974 5 14 theme non-destructive 761:775 arg1 analysis 777:784 this non-destructive analysis 756:784 this non-destructive analysis 756:784 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 7 15 theme HS 1184:1185 arg1 changes 1187:1193 HS changes 1184:1193 HS changes that occur through physiologic regulations or during pathological development 1184:1271 This approach should be of significant interest to better understand HS changes that occur through physiologic regulations or during pathological development. 25335974 7 16 theme physiologic 1214:1224 arg1 regulations 1226:1236 physiologic regulations 1214:1236 physiologic regulations 1214:1236 This approach should be of significant interest to better understand HS changes that occur through physiologic regulations or during pathological development. 25335974 0 17 theme sulfation/epimerization 10:32 arg1 pattern 34:40 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern 0:40 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 0:101 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 5 18 theme chemical 739:746 arg1 shifts 748:753 different chemical shifts 729:753 different chemical shifts 729:753 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 5 19 theme iduronic/glucuronic 836:854 arg1 profiles 856:863 the iduronic/glucuronic profiles 832:863 the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide 832:885 By integrating the peak volumes measured at different chemical shifts, this non-destructive analysis allows us to determine both the sulfation and the iduronic/glucuronic profiles of the polysaccharide. 25335974 0 20 theme Profiling 0:8 arg1 pattern 34:40 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern 0:40 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 0:101 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 6 21 theme cells 993:997 arg1 differentiation 999:1013 epithelial cells differentiation 982:1013 epithelial cells differentiation 982:1013 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 2 22 theme epimerization 299:311 arg1 level 273:277 the level 269:277 the level of HS sulfation and epimerization which are cell specific and dynamically regulated 269:361 Protein binding depends on the level of HS sulfation and epimerization which are cell specific and dynamically regulated. 25335974 6 23 theme HS 1090:1091 arg1 enzymes 1106:1112 HS biosynthetic enzymes 1090:1112 HS biosynthetic enzymes 1090:1112 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 6 24 theme epithelial 982:991 arg1 differentiation 999:1013 epithelial cells differentiation 982:1013 epithelial cells differentiation 982:1013 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 3 25 theme large 470:474 arg1 amount 476:481 large amount 470:481 large amount for structural investigation 470:510 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 2 26 theme sulfation 285:293 arg1 level 273:277 the level 269:277 the level of HS sulfation and epimerization which are cell specific and dynamically regulated 269:361 Protein binding depends on the level of HS sulfation and epimerization which are cell specific and dynamically regulated. 25335974 4 27 theme NMR-based 605:613 arg1 approach 615:622 a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach 589:622 a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach 589:622 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 0 28 theme heparan 57:63 arg1 sulfate 65:71 full-length heparan sulfate 45:71 full-length heparan sulfate 45:71 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 3 29 theme available 457:465 arg1 fragments 447:455 oligosaccharide fragments 431:455 oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation 431:510 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 0 30 theme full-length 45:55 arg1 sulfate 65:71 full-length heparan sulfate 45:71 full-length heparan sulfate 45:71 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 4 31 theme 2D 602:603 arg1 approach 615:622 a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach 589:622 a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach 589:622 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 3 32 from available 457:465 arg1 amount 476:481 large amount 470:481 large amount for structural investigation 470:510 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 1 33 theme large 214:218 arg1 functions 231:239 functions 231:239 functions 231:239 Through its ability to interact with proteins, heparan sulfate (HS) fulfills a large variety of functions. 25335974 1 33 theme large 214:218 arg1 variety 220:226 a large variety 212:226 a large variety of functions 212:239 Through its ability to interact with proteins, heparan sulfate (HS) fulfills a large variety of functions. 25335974 6 34 theme functional 1048:1057 arg1 relationships 1059:1071 the functional relationships 1044:1071 the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes 1044:1112 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 3 35 theme oligosaccharide 431:445 arg1 fragments 447:455 oligosaccharide fragments 431:455 oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation 431:510 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 0 36 theme sulfate 65:71 arg1 pattern 34:40 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern 0:40 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 0:101 Profiling sulfation/epimerization pattern of full-length heparan sulfate by NMR following cell culture 13C-glucose metabolic labeling. 25335974 4 37 theme C-labeled 668:676 arg1 cells 678:682 (13)C-labeled cells 664:682 (13)C-labeled cells 664:682 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 6 38 theme N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient 913:954 arg1 fibroblasts 956:966 wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts 899:966 wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts 899:966 Applied to wild-type and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-deficient fibroblasts as well as to epithelial cells differentiation, it also gives insights into the functional relationships existing between HS biosynthetic enzymes. 25335974 4 39 dep C 600:600 arg1 H- 594:595 H- 594:595 H- 594:595 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 3 40 from amount 476:481 arg1 available 457:465 available 457:465 available 457:465 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 3 41 theme structural 487:496 arg1 investigation 498:510 structural investigation 487:510 structural investigation 487:510 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 4 42 theme 13 597:598 arg1 C 600:600 C 600:600 C 600:600 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 4 43 attach isolated 650:657 arg1 cells 678:682 (13)C-labeled cells 664:682 (13)C-labeled cells 664:682 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 4 43 attach isolated 650:657 arg2 HS 647:648 HS 647:648 HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells 647:682 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 25335974 1 44 theme functions 231:239 arg1 functions 231:239 functions 231:239 functions 231:239 Through its ability to interact with proteins, heparan sulfate (HS) fulfills a large variety of functions. 25335974 1 44 theme functions 231:239 arg1 variety 220:226 a large variety 212:226 a large variety of functions 212:239 Through its ability to interact with proteins, heparan sulfate (HS) fulfills a large variety of functions. 25335974 2 45 theme Protein 242:248 arg1 binding 250:256 Protein binding 242:256 Protein binding 242:256 Protein binding depends on the level of HS sulfation and epimerization which are cell specific and dynamically regulated. 25335974 3 46 theme molecule 389:396 arg1 Characterization 364:379 Characterization 364:379 Characterization of this molecule 364:396 Characterization of this molecule, however, has been restricted to oligosaccharide fragments available in large amount for structural investigation or to sulfate distribution through compositional analysis. 25335974 4 47 theme C 600:600 arg1 approach 615:622 a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach 589:622 a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach 589:622 Here we developed a (1)H-(13)C 2D NMR-based approach, directly performed on HS isolated from (13)C-labeled cells. 27499077 11 0 dep sp 1179:1180 arg1 genus 1128:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 0 dep sp 1179:1180 arg1 nov. 1173:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 0 dep sp 1179:1180 arg1 species 1138:1144 species 1138:1144 species 1138:1144 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 1 theme gen. 1168:1171 arg1 genus 1128:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 1 theme gen. 1168:1171 arg1 nov. 1173:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 1 2 from reactor 151:157 arg1 enrichments 115:125 sacco enrichments 109:125 sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor 109:157 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 8 3 theme major 939:943 arg1 % 970:970 >1 % 967:970 >1 % 967:970 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 3 theme major 939:943 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 3 theme major 939:943 arg1 acids 960:964 The major cellular fatty acids 935:964 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) 935:971 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 10 4 theme DNA 1089:1091 arg1 content 1097:1103 The DNA G+C content 1085:1103 The DNA G+C content 1085:1103 The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. 27499077 10 4 theme DNA 1089:1091 arg1 % 1117:1117 34.9 mol% 1109:1117 34.9 mol% 1109:1117 The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. 27499077 5 5 theme family 595:600 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 602:616 the family Ruminococcaceae 591:616 the family Ruminococcaceae 591:616 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 1 6 theme lab-scale 134:142 arg1 reactor 151:157 a lab-scale biogas reactor 132:157 a lab-scale biogas reactor 132:157 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 6 7 theme phylogenetic 631:642 arg1 relative 644:651 The closest phylogenetic relative 619:651 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names 619:704 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 6 7 theme phylogenetic 631:642 arg1 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 8 8 theme iso 985:987 arg1 acid 995:998  0 iso fatty acid 982:998  0 iso fatty acid 982:998 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 8 theme iso 985:987 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 6 9 theme 94.3  743:747 arg1 % 748:748 % 748:748 % 748:748 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 13 10 theme 101079T=CECT 1309:1320 arg1 9155T 1322:1326 =DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T 1304:1326 =DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T 1304:1326 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 10 theme 101079T=CECT 1309:1320 arg1 GGR1T 1297:1301 Strain GGR1T 1290:1301 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) 1290:1327 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 2 11 theme biogas 293:298 arg1 fermenter 300:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 5 12 theme rRNA 480:483 arg1 analysis 511:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 13 13 theme species 1386:1392 arg1 nov. 1420:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 13 theme species 1386:1392 arg1 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 12 14 theme phylogenetic 1217:1228 arg1 analysis 1230:1237 phylogenetic analysis 1217:1237 phylogenetic analysis 1217:1237 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 13 15 theme novel 1364:1368 arg1 genus 1370:1374 novel genus 1364:1374 novel genus 1364:1374 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 7 16 theme cellulose 912:920 arg1 utilization 922:932 fermentative cellulose utilization 899:932 fermentative cellulose utilization 899:932 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 1 17 theme cellulolytic 45:56 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 1 17 theme cellulolytic 45:56 arg1 bacterium 83:91 a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 43:91 bacterium 83:91 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 5 18 theme gene 485:488 arg1 analysis 511:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 1 19 theme biogas 144:149 arg1 reactor 151:157 a lab-scale biogas reactor 132:157 a lab-scale biogas reactor 132:157 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 5 20 theme unknown 568:574 arg1 subline 576:582 a hitherto unknown subline 557:582 a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae 557:616 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 11 21 theme novel 1122:1126 arg1 genus 1128:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 21 theme novel 1122:1126 arg1 nov. 1173:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 5 22 theme comparative 490:500 arg1 analysis 511:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 10 23 theme mol 1114:1116 arg1 content 1097:1103 The DNA G+C content 1085:1103 The DNA G+C content 1085:1103 The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. 27499077 10 23 theme mol 1114:1116 arg1 % 1117:1117 34.9 mol% 1109:1117 34.9 mol% 1109:1117 The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. 27499077 0 24 theme saccincola 11:20 arg1 nov. 27:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 7 25 dep catalase-negative 802:818 arg1 indole-negative 821:835 indole-negative 821:835 indole-negative 821:835 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 1 26 theme anaerobic 59:67 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 1 26 theme anaerobic 59:67 arg1 bacterium 83:91 a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 43:91 bacterium 83:91 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 5 27 theme sequence 502:509 arg1 analysis 511:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 12 28 theme physiological 1243:1255 arg1 properties 1257:1266 physiological properties 1243:1266 physiological properties of the novel isolate 1243:1287 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 0 29 theme Herbivorax 0:9 arg1 nov. 27:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 6 30 with relative 644:651 arg1 names 700:704 validly published names 682:704 validly published names 682:704 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 8 31 theme fatty 1011:1015 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 31 theme fatty 1011:1015 arg1 acid 1017:1020 16 : 0 fatty acid 1004:1020 16 : 0 fatty acid 1004:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 2 32 theme lab-scale 283:291 arg1 fermenter 300:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 8 33 theme cellular 945:952 arg1 % 970:970 >1 % 967:970 >1 % 967:970 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 33 theme cellular 945:952 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 33 theme cellular 945:952 arg1 acids 960:964 The major cellular fatty acids 935:964 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) 935:971 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 3 34 theme crystalline 356:366 arg1 cellulose 368:376 crystalline cellulose 356:376 crystalline cellulose 356:376 The novel organism was effectively degrading crystalline cellulose. 27499077 12 35 dep analysis 1230:1237 arg1 basis 1208:1212 basis 1208:1212 basis 1208:1212 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 12 35 dep analysis 1230:1237 arg1 the 1204:1206 the 1204:1206 the 1204:1206 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 8 36 theme  0 1008:1009 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 36 theme  0 1008:1009 arg1 acid 1017:1020 16 : 0 fatty acid 1004:1020 16 : 0 fatty acid 1004:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 2 37 theme thermophilic 270:281 arg1 fermenter 300:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 6 38 theme published 690:698 arg1 names 700:704 validly published names 682:704 validly published names 682:704 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 13 39 theme Herbivoraxsaccincola 1394:1413 arg1 nov. 1420:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 39 theme Herbivoraxsaccincola 1394:1413 arg1 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 0 40 theme gen. 22:25 arg1 nov. 27:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 10 41 theme G+C 1093:1095 arg1 content 1097:1103 The DNA G+C content 1085:1103 The DNA G+C content 1085:1103 The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. 27499077 10 41 theme G+C 1093:1095 arg1 % 1117:1117 34.9 mol% 1109:1117 34.9 mol% 1109:1117 The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. 27499077 4 42 theme biomass 432:438 arg1 remineralization 406:421 remineralization 406:421 remineralization of plant biomass by hydrolysing its polysaccharides 406:473 It seems to play a role in remineralization of plant biomass by hydrolysing its polysaccharides. 27499077 8 43 theme fatty 954:958 arg1 % 970:970 >1 % 967:970 >1 % 967:970 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 43 theme fatty 954:958 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 43 theme fatty 954:958 arg1 acids 960:964 The major cellular fatty acids 935:964 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) 935:971 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 13 44 theme gen. 1415:1418 arg1 nov. 1420:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 44 theme gen. 1415:1418 arg1 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 8 45 theme fatty 989:993 arg1 acid 995:998  0 iso fatty acid 982:998  0 iso fatty acid 982:998 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 45 theme fatty 989:993 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 7 46 theme fermentative 899:910 arg1 utilization 922:932 fermentative cellulose utilization 899:932 fermentative cellulose utilization 899:932 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 4 47 theme plant 426:430 arg1 biomass 432:438 plant biomass 426:438 plant biomass 426:438 It seems to play a role in remineralization of plant biomass by hydrolysing its polysaccharides. 27499077 2 48 theme thermophilic 212:223 arg1 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 160:233 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 48 theme thermophilic 212:223 arg1 GGR1T 243:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 5 49 theme 16S 476:478 arg1 analysis 511:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 476:518 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae. 27499077 2 50 attach isolated 254:261 arg2 GGR1T 243:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 50 attach isolated 254:261 arg1 fermenter 300:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter 268:308 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 50 attach isolated 254:261 arg2 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 160:233 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 4 51 theme hydrolysing 443:453 arg1 polysaccharides 459:473 hydrolysing its polysaccharides 443:473 hydrolysing its polysaccharides 443:473 It seems to play a role in remineralization of plant biomass by hydrolysing its polysaccharides. 27499077 12 52 theme isolate 1281:1287 arg1 analysis 1230:1237 phylogenetic analysis 1217:1237 phylogenetic analysis 1217:1237 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 12 52 theme isolate 1281:1287 arg1 properties 1257:1266 physiological properties 1243:1266 physiological properties of the novel isolate 1243:1287 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 13 53 theme =DSM 1304:1307 arg1 9155T 1322:1326 =DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T 1304:1326 =DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T 1304:1326 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 53 theme =DSM 1304:1307 arg1 GGR1T 1297:1301 Strain GGR1T 1290:1301 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) 1290:1327 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 54 theme Herbivoraxsaccincola 1147:1166 arg1 genus 1128:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus 1120:1132 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 11 54 theme Herbivoraxsaccincola 1147:1166 arg1 nov. 1173:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1147:1176 A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 0 55 dep sp 33:34 arg1 nov. 27:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov. 0:30 Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 56 theme genus 1370:1374 arg1 nov. 1420:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov. 1360:1423 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 56 theme genus 1370:1374 arg1 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 sp 1426:1427 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 7 57 theme Strain 785:790 arg1 GGR1T 792:796 Strain GGR1T 785:796 Strain GGR1T 785:796 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 6 58 theme sequence 764:771 arg1 similarity 773:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 6 59 theme closest 623:629 arg1 relative 644:651 The closest phylogenetic relative 619:651 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names 619:704 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 6 59 theme closest 623:629 arg1 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 8 60 theme  0 982:983 arg1 iso 985:987 iso 985:987 iso 985:987 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 6 61 theme gene 759:762 arg1 similarity 773:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 13 62 theme novel 1380:1384 arg1 species 1386:1392 novel species 1380:1392 novel species 1380:1392 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 1 63 theme thermophilic 70:81 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 1 63 theme thermophilic 70:81 arg1 bacterium 83:91 a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 43:91 bacterium 83:91 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 2 64 dep Gram-stain-positive 168:186 arg1 anaerobic 201:209 anaerobic 201:209 anaerobic 201:209 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 64 dep Gram-stain-positive 168:186 arg1 rod-shaped 189:198 rod-shaped 189:198 rod-shaped 189:198 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 65 theme Gram-stain-positive 168:186 arg1 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 160:233 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 65 theme Gram-stain-positive 168:186 arg1 GGR1T 243:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 66 theme strain 236:241 arg1 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 160:233 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 66 theme strain 236:241 arg1 GGR1T 243:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 6 67 theme rRNA 754:757 arg1 similarity 773:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 1 68 theme sacco 109:113 arg1 enrichments 115:125 sacco enrichments 109:125 sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor 109:157 nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor. 27499077 8 69 dep 16  978:980 arg1 acid 995:998  0 iso fatty acid 982:998  0 iso fatty acid 982:998 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 69 dep 16  978:980 arg1 16  978:980 16  978:980 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid 978:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 8 69 dep 16  978:980 arg1 acid 1017:1020 16 : 0 fatty acid 1004:1020 16 : 0 fatty acid 1004:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. 27499077 7 70 theme major 873:877 arg1 ethanol 862:868 ethanol 862:868 ethanol 862:868 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 7 70 theme major 873:877 arg1 end-products 879:890 major end-products 873:890 major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization 873:932 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 7 70 theme major 873:877 arg1 acetate 850:856 acetate 850:856 acetate 850:856 Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. 27499077 2 71 theme novel 162:166 arg1 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 160:233 bacterium 225:233 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 2 71 theme novel 162:166 arg1 GGR1T 243:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 strain GGR1T 236:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. 27499077 12 72 theme novel 1275:1279 arg1 isolate 1281:1287 the novel isolate 1271:1287 the novel isolate 1271:1287 nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 27499077 6 73 theme 16S 750:752 arg1 similarity 773:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 13 74 theme type 1344:1347 arg1 strain 1349:1354 the type strain 1340:1354 the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp 1340:1427 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 6 75 theme GGR1T 656:660 arg1 relative 644:651 The closest phylogenetic relative 619:651 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names 619:704 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 6 75 theme GGR1T 656:660 arg1 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 Clostridiumthermocellum 710:732 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27499077 13 76 theme Strain 1290:1295 arg1 9155T 1322:1326 =DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T 1304:1326 =DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T 1304:1326 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 13 76 theme Strain 1290:1295 arg1 GGR1T 1297:1301 Strain GGR1T 1290:1301 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) 1290:1327 Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. 27499077 3 77 theme novel 315:319 arg1 organism 321:328 The novel organism 311:328 The novel organism 311:328 The novel organism was effectively degrading crystalline cellulose. 27499077 6 78 theme % 748:748 arg1 similarity 773:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 743:782 The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum, sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 26265459 1 0 theme urea 335:338 arg1 phosphate 340:348 urea phosphate 335:348 urea phosphate 335:348 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 0 theme urea 335:338 arg1 calcite 326:332 calcite 326:332 calcite 326:332 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 0 theme urea 335:338 arg1 chitosan 354:361 chitosan 354:361 chitosan 354:361 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 0 theme urea 335:338 arg1 materials 375:383 starting materials 366:383 starting materials 366:383 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 6 1 theme bone 1379:1382 arg1 repair 1384:1389 bone repair 1379:1389 bone repair 1379:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 5 2 theme scan 1170:1173 arg1 microscopy 1175:1184 confocal scan microscopy 1161:1184 confocal scan microscopy 1161:1184 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 3 3 theme scaffolds 777:785 arg1 observations 761:772 SEM observations 757:772 SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium 757:830 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 0 4 theme Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite 74:96 arg1 Scaffolds 98:106 Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 67:106 Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 67:106 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 6 5 theme scaffolds 1330:1338 arg1 properties 1296:1305 osteogenic properties 1285:1305 osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair 1285:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 5 6 theme dead 1146:1149 arg1 assay 1151:1155 live dead assay 1141:1155 live dead assay 1141:1155 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 5 7 theme different 1098:1106 arg1 scaffolds 1108:1116 different scaffolds 1098:1116 different scaffolds 1098:1116 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 1 8 dep ratios 190:195 arg1 100/0 198:202 100/0 198:202 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60 198:244 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 6 9 theme porous 1317:1322 arg1 scaffolds 1330:1338 highly porous CS/HA scaffolds 1310:1338 highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair 1310:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 2 10 theme scaffolds 549:557 arg1 morphology 535:544 morphology 535:544 morphology of scaffolds 535:557 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 0 11 from Differentiation 48:62 arg1 Scaffolds 98:106 Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 67:106 Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 67:106 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 6 12 theme engineering 1351:1361 arg1 applications 1363:1374 tissue engineering applications 1344:1374 tissue engineering applications in bone repair 1344:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 6 13 theme content 1231:1237 arg1 increase 1216:1223 the increase 1212:1223 the increase of HA content 1212:1237 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 4 14 theme HA 1013:1014 arg1 content 1016:1022 lower in situ HA content 999:1022 lower in situ HA content 999:1022 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 6 15 theme tissue 1344:1349 arg1 applications 1363:1374 tissue engineering applications 1344:1374 tissue engineering applications in bone repair 1344:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 6 16 theme HA 1228:1229 arg1 content 1231:1237 HA content 1228:1237 HA content 1228:1237 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 4 17 with scaffolds 984:992 arg1 content 1016:1022 lower in situ HA content 999:1022 lower in situ HA content 999:1022 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 6 18 theme CS/HA 1324:1328 arg1 scaffolds 1330:1338 highly porous CS/HA scaffolds 1310:1338 highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair 1310:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 1 19 theme starting 366:373 arg1 phosphate 340:348 urea phosphate 335:348 urea phosphate 335:348 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 19 theme starting 366:373 arg1 calcite 326:332 calcite 326:332 calcite 326:332 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 19 theme starting 366:373 arg1 chitosan 354:361 chitosan 354:361 chitosan 354:361 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 19 theme starting 366:373 arg1 materials 375:383 starting materials 366:383 starting materials 366:383 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 2 20 theme X-ray 455:459 arg1 analysis 473:480 X-ray diffraction analysis 455:480 X-ray diffraction analysis 455:480 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 2 21 theme diffraction 461:471 arg1 analysis 473:480 X-ray diffraction analysis 455:480 X-ray diffraction analysis 455:480 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 2 22 theme infrared 506:513 arg1 spectroscopy 515:526 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 486:526 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 486:526 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 4 23 theme buffer 924:929 arg1 DPBS 939:942 DPBS 939:942 DPBS 939:942 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 4 23 theme buffer 924:929 arg1 saline 931:936 Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline 903:936 Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) 903:943 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 3 24 theme Mercury 603:609 arg1 measurements 633:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements 603:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds 603:666 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 0 25 theme In 0:1 arg1 Content 23:29 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content 0:29 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content 0:29 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 1 26 with structures 157:166 arg1 ratios 190:195 different weight ratios 173:195 different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) 173:245 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 27 dep 100/0 198:202 arg1 80/20 212:216 80/20 212:216 80/20 212:216 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 27 dep 100/0 198:202 arg1 50/50 233:237 50/50 233:237 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60 198:244 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 27 dep 100/0 198:202 arg1 40/60 240:244 40/60 240:244 40/60 240:244 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 27 dep 100/0 198:202 arg1 70/30 219:223 70/30 219:223 70/30 219:223 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 27 dep 100/0 198:202 arg1 60/40 226:230 60/40 226:230 60/40 226:230 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 27 dep 100/0 198:202 arg1 90/10 205:209 90/10 205:209 90/10 205:209 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 1 28 theme precipitation 269:281 arg1 method 283:288 precipitation method 269:288 precipitation method 269:288 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 2 29 theme electron 582:589 arg1 microscopy 591:600 scanning electron microscopy 573:600 scanning electron microscopy 573:600 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 1 30 theme porous 116:121 arg1 structures 157:166 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures 109:166 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) 109:245 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 5 31 theme MC3T3-E1 1073:1080 arg1 cells 1082:1086 MC3T3-E1 cells 1073:1086 MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds 1073:1116 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 0 32 theme Hydroxyapatite 8:21 arg1 Content 23:29 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content 0:29 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content 0:29 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 2 33 theme scanning 573:580 arg1 microscopy 591:600 scanning electron microscopy 573:600 scanning electron microscopy 573:600 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 1 34 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 123:145 arg1 structures 157:166 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures 109:166 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) 109:245 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 2 35 theme scaffolds 424:432 arg1 composition 390:400 The composition 386:400 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds 386:432 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 2 36 theme transformed 494:504 arg1 spectroscopy 515:526 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 486:526 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 486:526 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 4 37 dep in 1005:1006 arg1 situ 1008:1011 situ 1008:1011 situ 1008:1011 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 4 38 theme strength 882:889 arg1 results 837:843 The results 833:843 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) 833:943 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 6 39 theme osteoblast 1247:1256 arg1 differentiation 1258:1272 osteoblast differentiation 1247:1272 osteoblast differentiation 1247:1272 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 2 40 theme composite 414:422 arg1 scaffolds 424:432 prepared composite scaffolds 405:432 prepared composite scaffolds 405:432 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 2 41 theme Fourier 486:492 arg1 spectroscopy 515:526 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 486:526 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 486:526 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 1 42 theme freeze-gelation 294:308 arg1 technique 310:318 freeze-gelation technique 294:318 freeze-gelation technique 294:318 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 4 43 dep lower 999:1003 arg1 in 1005:1006 in 1005:1006 in 1005:1006 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 5 44 theme live 1141:1144 arg1 assay 1151:1155 live dead assay 1141:1155 live dead assay 1141:1155 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 3 45 theme prepared 649:656 arg1 scaffolds 658:666 prepared scaffolds 649:666 prepared scaffolds 649:666 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 2 46 theme prepared 405:412 arg1 scaffolds 424:432 prepared composite scaffolds 405:432 prepared composite scaffolds 405:432 The composition of prepared composite scaffolds was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. 26265459 5 47 theme confocal 1161:1168 arg1 microscopy 1175:1184 confocal scan microscopy 1161:1184 confocal scan microscopy 1161:1184 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 3 48 theme physiological 811:823 arg1 medium 825:830 physiological medium 811:830 physiological medium 811:830 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 3 49 theme porosimetry 621:631 arg1 measurements 633:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements 603:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds 603:666 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 4 50 theme phosphate 914:922 arg1 DPBS 939:942 DPBS 939:942 DPBS 939:942 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 4 50 theme phosphate 914:922 arg1 saline 931:936 Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline 903:936 Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) 903:943 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 1 51 theme composite 147:155 arg1 structures 157:166 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures 109:166 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) 109:245 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 0 52 theme Cell 43:46 arg1 Differentiation 48:62 the Cell Differentiation 39:62 the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 39:106 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 4 53 theme composite 974:982 arg1 scaffolds 984:992 composite scaffolds 974:992 composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content 974:1022 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 3 54 theme HA 734:735 arg1 content 737:743 the HA content 730:743 the HA content 730:743 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 4 55 theme capacity 857:864 arg1 results 837:843 The results 833:843 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) 833:943 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 5 56 theme cells 1082:1086 arg1 differentiation 1054:1068 differentiation 1054:1068 differentiation 1054:1068 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 5 56 theme cells 1082:1086 arg1 proliferation 1036:1048 proliferation 1036:1048 proliferation 1036:1048 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 5 56 theme cells 1082:1086 arg1 Viability 1025:1033 Viability 1025:1033 Viability 1025:1033 Viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on different scaffolds have been evaluated by live dead assay and confocal scan microscopy. 26265459 6 57 theme osteogenic 1285:1294 arg1 properties 1296:1305 osteogenic properties 1285:1305 osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair 1285:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 4 58 theme swelling 848:855 arg1 capacity 857:864 swelling capacity 848:864 swelling capacity 848:864 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 4 59 theme compressive 870:880 arg1 strength 882:889 compressive strength 870:889 compressive strength 870:889 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 6 60 from applications 1363:1374 arg1 repair 1384:1389 bone repair 1379:1389 bone repair 1379:1389 Our results suggest that the increase of HA content enhance osteoblast differentiation confirming osteogenic properties of highly porous CS/HA scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in bone repair. 26265459 4 61 theme higher 956:961 arg1 values 963:968 higher values 956:968 higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content 956:1022 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 26265459 3 62 theme different 679:687 arg1 porosity 689:696 porosity 689:696 porosity 689:696 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 1 63 theme different 173:181 arg1 ratios 190:195 different weight ratios 173:195 different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) 173:245 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 0 64 theme Porous 67:72 arg1 Scaffolds 98:106 Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 67:106 Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 67:106 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 3 65 theme scaffolds 658:666 arg1 measurements 633:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements 603:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds 603:666 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 1 66 theme weight 183:188 arg1 ratios 190:195 different weight ratios 173:195 different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) 173:245 Highly porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite structures with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; 40/60) have been prepared by precipitation method and freeze-gelation technique using calcite, urea phosphate and chitosan as starting materials. 26265459 0 67 dep In 0:1 arg1 Situ 3:6 Situ 3:6 Situ 3:6 In Situ Hydroxyapatite Content Affects the Cell Differentiation on Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. 26265459 3 68 theme SEM 757:759 arg1 observations 761:772 SEM observations 757:772 SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium 757:830 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 3 69 theme intrusion 611:619 arg1 measurements 633:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements 603:644 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds 603:666 Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of prepared scaffolds have shown different porosity and microstructure regarding to the HA content, along with SEM observations of scaffolds after being immersed in physiological medium. 26265459 4 70 theme lower 999:1003 arg1 content 1016:1022 lower in situ HA content 999:1022 lower in situ HA content 999:1022 The results of swelling capacity and compressive strength measured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) have shown higher values for composite scaffolds with lower in situ HA content. 23727511 7 0 theme penetration 1278:1288 arg1 extent 1263:1268 the extent 1259:1268 the extent of skin penetration 1259:1288 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 9 1 theme first 1455:1459 arg1 report 1461:1466 the first report 1451:1466 the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray 1451:1508 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 9 1 theme first 1455:1459 arg1 this 1443:1446 this 1443:1446 this 1443:1446 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 1 2 theme attractive 161:170 arg1 system 181:186 an attractive delivery system 158:186 an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery 158:228 Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. 23727511 5 3 theme amorphous 946:954 arg1 content 956:962 amorphous content 946:962 amorphous content using single sugar compositions 946:994 Fabrication by spraying produced microneedles with amorphous content using single sugar compositions. 23727511 1 4 theme delivery 172:179 arg1 system 181:186 an attractive delivery system 158:186 an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery 158:228 Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. 23727511 0 5 theme composition 94:104 arg1 effect 72:77 effect 72:77 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 0:125 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 9 6 theme microneedle 1573:1583 arg1 arrays 1585:1590 dissolvable microneedle arrays 1561:1590 dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering 1561:1632 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 5 7 with microneedles 928:939 arg1 content 956:962 amorphous content 946:962 amorphous content using single sugar compositions 946:994 Fabrication by spraying produced microneedles with amorphous content using single sugar compositions. 23727511 2 8 theme liquid 296:301 arg1 formulation 303:313 liquid formulation 296:313 liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity 296:414 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 0 9 theme microneedle 82:92 arg1 composition 94:104 microneedle composition 82:104 microneedle composition 82:104 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 4 10 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 polyvinylpyrrolidone 798:817 polyvinylpyrrolidone 798:817 polyvinylpyrrolidone 798:817 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 10 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 alginate 884:891 sodium alginate 877:891 sodium alginate 877:891 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 10 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 materials 768:776 polymeric materials 758:776 polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 758:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 10 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 820:841 carboxymethylcellulose 820:841 carboxymethylcellulose 820:841 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 10 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 844:871 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 844:871 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 844:871 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 10 theme polymeric 758:766 arg1 alcohol 789:795 polyvinyl alcohol 779:795 polyvinyl alcohol 779:795 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 11 theme sugars 711:716 arg1 range 702:706 a wide range 695:706 a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 695:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 9 12 theme ambient 1514:1520 arg1 conditions 1539:1548 ambient, mild processing conditions 1514:1548 conditions 1539:1548 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 4 13 theme spray 611:615 arg1 method 617:622 This spray method 606:622 This spray method 606:622 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 0 14 theme skin 109:112 arg1 penetration 114:124 skin penetration 109:124 skin penetration 109:124 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 7 15 theme construction 1221:1232 arg1 material 1209:1216 the material 1205:1216 the material of construction 1205:1232 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 3 16 theme atomised 490:497 arg1 technique 505:513 an atomised spray technique 487:513 an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds 487:603 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 3 17 theme liquid 549:554 arg1 tension 564:570 the liquid surface tension 545:570 the liquid surface tension 545:570 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 1 18 theme transdermal 192:202 arg1 drug 204:207 transdermal drug and vaccine delivery 192:228 drug 204:207 Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. 23727511 3 19 theme microneedle 446:456 arg1 method 470:475 a novel microneedle fabrication method 438:475 a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds 438:603 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 6 20 theme complete 1045:1052 arg1 fidelity 1054:1061 complete fidelity 1045:1061 complete fidelity to the master silicon template 1045:1092 These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. 23727511 4 21 theme sodium 877:882 arg1 materials 768:776 polymeric materials 758:776 polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 758:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 21 theme sodium 877:882 arg1 alginate 884:891 sodium alginate 877:891 sodium alginate 877:891 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 2 22 theme microneedle 274:284 arg1 mold 286:289 a microneedle mold 272:289 a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity 272:414 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 2 23 theme viscosity 406:414 arg1 constraints 362:372 the constraints 358:372 the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity 358:414 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 9 24 dep possess 1601:1607 arg1 laminate 1616:1623 laminate 1616:1623 laminate layering 1616:1632 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 6 25 theme sharp 1026:1030 arg1 tips 1032:1035 sharp tips 1026:1035 sharp tips 1026:1035 These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. 23727511 7 26 theme DMN 1141:1143 arg1 penetration 1145:1155 DMN penetration 1141:1155 DMN penetration into different skin layers 1141:1182 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 2 27 theme solution 397:404 arg1 viscosity 406:414 solution viscosity 397:414 solution viscosity 397:414 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 7 28 theme penetration 1145:1155 arg1 consistency 1126:1136 the consistency 1122:1136 the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers 1122:1182 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 9 29 from conditions 1539:1548 arg1 report 1461:1466 the first report 1451:1466 the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray 1451:1508 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 9 29 from conditions 1539:1548 arg1 this 1443:1446 this 1443:1446 this 1443:1446 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 4 30 theme materials 768:776 arg1 range 702:706 a wide range 695:706 a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 695:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 3 31 theme novel 440:444 arg1 method 470:475 a novel microneedle fabrication method 438:475 a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds 438:603 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 0 32 theme microneedles 26:37 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 0:125 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 4 33 used used 641:644 arg2 method 617:622 This spray method 606:622 This spray method 606:622 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 3 34 theme viscosity 576:584 arg1 effects 534:540 the effects 530:540 the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity 530:584 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 7 35 theme different 1162:1170 arg1 layers 1177:1182 different skin layers 1162:1182 different skin layers 1162:1182 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 4 36 theme dissolvable 659:669 arg1 microneedles 671:682 dissolvable microneedles 659:682 dissolvable microneedles (DMN) 659:688 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 36 theme dissolvable 659:669 arg1 DMN 685:687 DMN 685:687 DMN 685:687 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 0 37 theme dissolvable 14:24 arg1 microneedles 26:37 dissolvable microneedles 14:37 dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process 14:69 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 4 38 theme polyvinyl 779:787 arg1 materials 768:776 polymeric materials 758:776 polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 758:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 38 theme polyvinyl 779:787 arg1 alcohol 789:795 polyvinyl alcohol 779:795 polyvinyl alcohol 779:795 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 8 39 theme horizontally-layered 1392:1411 arg1 arrays 1417:1422 horizontally-layered DMN arrays 1392:1422 novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays 1358:1422 We demonstrate that this spraying method can be adapted to produce novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays. 23727511 1 40 theme vaccine 213:219 arg1 delivery 221:228 transdermal drug and vaccine delivery 192:228 delivery 221:228 Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. 23727511 5 41 theme single 970:975 arg1 compositions 983:994 single sugar compositions 970:994 single sugar compositions 970:994 Fabrication by spraying produced microneedles with amorphous content using single sugar compositions. 23727511 0 42 from effect 72:77 arg1 penetration 114:124 skin penetration 109:124 skin penetration 109:124 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 4 43 dep materials 768:776 arg1 polyvinylpyrrolidone 798:817 polyvinylpyrrolidone 798:817 polyvinylpyrrolidone 798:817 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 43 dep materials 768:776 arg1 alginate 884:891 sodium alginate 877:891 sodium alginate 877:891 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 43 dep materials 768:776 arg1 materials 768:776 polymeric materials 758:776 polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 758:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 43 dep materials 768:776 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 820:841 carboxymethylcellulose 820:841 carboxymethylcellulose 820:841 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 43 dep materials 768:776 arg1 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 844:871 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 844:871 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 844:871 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 43 dep materials 768:776 arg1 alcohol 789:795 polyvinyl alcohol 779:795 polyvinyl alcohol 779:795 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 8 44 theme spraying 1316:1323 arg1 method 1325:1330 this spraying method 1311:1330 this spraying method 1311:1330 We demonstrate that this spraying method can be adapted to produce novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays. 23727511 9 45 theme mild 1523:1526 arg1 conditions 1539:1548 ambient, mild processing conditions 1514:1548 conditions 1539:1548 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 9 46 theme atomising 1494:1502 arg1 spray 1504:1508 an atomising spray 1491:1508 an atomising spray 1491:1508 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 9 47 theme processing 1528:1537 arg1 conditions 1539:1548 ambient, mild processing conditions 1514:1548 conditions 1539:1548 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 0 48 theme spray 57:61 arg1 process 63:69 an atomised spray process 45:69 an atomised spray process 45:69 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 9 49 theme spray 1504:1508 arg1 use 1484:1486 the use 1480:1486 the use of an atomising spray 1480:1508 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 0 50 theme atomised 48:55 arg1 process 63:69 an atomised spray process 45:69 an atomised spray process 45:69 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 6 51 contain had 1041:1043 arg1 microneedles 1003:1014 These microneedles 997:1014 These microneedles 997:1014 These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. 23727511 6 51 contain had 1041:1043 arg2 fidelity 1054:1061 complete fidelity 1045:1061 complete fidelity to the master silicon template 1045:1092 These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. 23727511 7 52 theme skin 1273:1276 arg1 penetration 1278:1288 skin penetration 1273:1288 skin penetration 1273:1288 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 5 53 theme sugar 977:981 arg1 compositions 983:994 single sugar compositions 970:994 single sugar compositions 970:994 Fabrication by spraying produced microneedles with amorphous content using single sugar compositions. 23727511 1 54 theme Dissolvable 127:137 arg1 microneedles 139:150 Dissolvable microneedles 127:150 Dissolvable microneedles 127:150 Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. 23727511 2 55 with mold 286:289 arg1 formulation 303:313 liquid formulation 296:313 liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity 296:414 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 3 56 theme surface 556:562 arg1 tension 564:570 the liquid surface tension 545:570 the liquid surface tension 545:570 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 3 57 theme tension 564:570 arg1 effects 534:540 the effects 530:540 the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity 530:584 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 7 58 theme skin 1172:1175 arg1 layers 1177:1182 different skin layers 1162:1182 different skin layers 1162:1182 Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. 23727511 4 59 theme wide 697:700 arg1 range 702:706 a wide range 695:706 a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate) 695:892 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 8 60 theme DMN 1413:1415 arg1 arrays 1417:1422 horizontally-layered DMN arrays 1392:1422 novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays 1358:1422 We demonstrate that this spraying method can be adapted to produce novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays. 23727511 3 61 theme spray 499:503 arg1 technique 505:513 an atomised spray technique 487:513 an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds 487:603 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 9 62 theme dissolvable 1561:1571 arg1 arrays 1585:1590 dissolvable microneedle arrays 1561:1590 dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering 1561:1632 To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. 23727511 2 63 theme tension 385:391 arg1 constraints 362:372 the constraints 358:372 the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity 358:414 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 3 64 theme fabrication 458:468 arg1 method 470:475 a novel microneedle fabrication method 438:475 a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds 438:603 Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. 23727511 6 65 theme silicon 1077:1083 arg1 template 1085:1092 the master silicon template 1066:1092 the master silicon template 1066:1092 These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. 23727511 0 66 dep Production 0:9 arg1 effect 72:77 effect 72:77 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 0:125 Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. 23727511 2 67 theme surface 377:383 arg1 tension 385:391 surface tension 377:391 surface tension 377:391 They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. 23727511 4 68 dep sugars 711:716 arg1 trehalose 719:727 trehalose 719:727 trehalose 719:727 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 68 dep sugars 711:716 arg1 sugars 711:716 sugars 711:716 sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) 711:752 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 68 dep sugars 711:716 arg1 raffinose 743:751 raffinose 743:751 raffinose 743:751 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 4 68 dep sugars 711:716 arg1 fructose 730:737 fructose 730:737 fructose 730:737 This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). 23727511 6 69 theme master 1070:1075 arg1 template 1085:1092 the master silicon template 1066:1092 the master silicon template 1066:1092 These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. 25201210 7 0 theme immunoelectrode 1242:1256 arg1 affinity 1215:1222 high affinity 1210:1222 high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules 1210:1278 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 8 1 theme fabricated 1286:1295 arg1 immunosensor 1297:1308 This fabricated immunosensor 1281:1308 This fabricated immunosensor 1281:1308 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 8 2 theme impedance 1400:1408 arg1 signal 1410:1415 the impedance signal 1396:1415 the impedance signal 1396:1415 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 6 3 with limit 1075:1079 arg1 coefficient 1113:1123 a regression coefficient 1100:1123 a regression coefficient of 0.996 1100:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 1 4 theme impedance 259:267 arg1 technique 269:277 electrochemical impedance technique 243:277 electrochemical impedance technique 243:277 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 1 5 theme composite 172:180 arg1 CNT-CH 164:169 CNT-CH 164:169 CNT-CH 164:169 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 1 5 theme composite 172:180 arg1 nanotubes 140:148 carbon nanotubes 133:148 carbon nanotubes 133:148 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 6 6 theme immunoelectrode 955:969 arg1 response 924:931 The impedimetric response 907:931 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode 907:969 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 6 7 theme low 1061:1063 arg1 limit 1075:1079 low detection limit 1061:1079 low detection limit 1061:1079 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 6 8 from sensitivity 984:994 arg1 range 1036:1040 a detection range 1024:1040 a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 1024:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 4 9 theme covalent 632:639 arg1 functionalization 641:657 The covalent functionalization 628:657 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface 628:691 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 7 10 theme constant 1173:1180 arg1 value 1152:1156 The observed low value 1135:1156 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) 1135:1198 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 7 11 theme AAB/CNT-CH/ITO 1227:1240 arg1 immunoelectrode 1242:1256 AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode 1227:1256 AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode 1227:1256 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 6 12 theme 0.953 Ω/ 999:1006 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 a high sensitivity 977:994 a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 977:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 8 13 theme LDL 1344:1346 arg1 concentration 1348:1360 LDL concentration 1344:1360 LDL concentration 1344:1360 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 6 14 theme 0-120 mg/dL 1045:1055 arg1 range 1036:1040 a detection range 1024:1040 a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 1024:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 6 15 from 0.953 Ω/ 999:1006 arg1 range 1036:1040 a detection range 1024:1040 a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 1024:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 2 16 theme glass 344:348 arg1 electrode 350:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 2 17 used used 369:372 arg2 electrode 350:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 2 17 used used 369:372 arg2 deposited 301:309 The CNT-CH composite deposited 280:309 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 280:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 2 18 theme composite 291:299 arg1 deposited 301:309 The CNT-CH composite deposited 280:309 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 280:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 5 19 theme AAB/CNT-CH/ITO 804:817 arg1 electrode 819:827 the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode 800:827 the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode 800:827 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques. 25201210 6 20 theme detection 1065:1073 arg1 limit 1075:1079 low detection limit 1061:1079 low detection limit 1061:1079 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 8 21 theme concentration 1348:1360 arg1 estimation 1330:1339 quantitative estimation 1317:1339 quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal 1317:1415 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 2 22 theme CNT-CH 284:289 arg1 deposited 301:309 The CNT-CH composite deposited 280:309 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 280:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 7 23 theme high 1210:1213 arg1 affinity 1215:1222 high affinity 1210:1222 high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules 1210:1278 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 5 24 theme impedimetric 882:893 arg1 techniques 895:904 cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques 858:904 cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques 858:904 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques. 25201210 6 25 theme high 979:982 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 a high sensitivity 977:994 a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 977:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 7 26 theme low 1148:1150 arg1 value 1152:1156 The observed low value 1135:1156 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) 1135:1198 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 3 27 from biofunctionalization 472:491 arg1 surface 523:529 carboxylated CNT-CH surface 503:529 carboxylated CNT-CH surface 503:529 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 8 28 with estimation 1330:1339 arg1 variation 1383:1391 distinguishable variation 1367:1391 distinguishable variation in the impedance signal 1367:1415 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 0 29 theme Chitosan-modified 0:16 arg1 carbon 18:23 Chitosan-modified carbon 0:23 Chitosan-modified carbon 0:23 Chitosan-modified carbon nanotubes-based platform for low-density lipoprotein detection. 25201210 3 30 theme spectroscopic 580:592 arg1 studies 619:625 spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies 580:625 spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies 580:625 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 1 31 theme low 199:201 arg1 lipoprotein 211:221 low density lipoprotein 199:221 low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules 199:237 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 1 31 theme low 199:201 arg1 LDL 224:226 LDL 224:226 LDL 224:226 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 8 32 from variation 1383:1391 arg1 signal 1410:1415 the impedance signal 1396:1415 the impedance signal 1396:1415 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 6 33 with 0-120 mg/dL 1045:1055 arg1 coefficient 1113:1123 a regression coefficient 1100:1123 a regression coefficient of 0.996 1100:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 2 34 theme antibody 425:432 arg1 B 422:422 anti-apolipoprotein B 402:422 anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) 402:438 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 2 34 theme antibody 425:432 arg1 AAB 435:437 antibody: AAB 425:437 antibody: AAB 425:437 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 6 35 theme detection 1026:1034 arg1 range 1036:1040 a detection range 1024:1040 a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 1024:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 7 36 theme observed 1139:1146 arg1 value 1152:1156 The observed low value 1135:1156 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) 1135:1198 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 3 37 dep Fourier 553:559 arg1 transform 561:569 transform 561:569 transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies 561:625 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 3 38 theme carboxylated 503:514 arg1 surface 523:529 carboxylated CNT-CH surface 503:529 carboxylated CNT-CH surface 503:529 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 1 39 theme lipoprotein 211:221 arg1 molecules 229:237 low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules 199:237 low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules 199:237 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 0 40 theme low-density 54:64 arg1 detection 78:86 low-density lipoprotein detection 54:86 low-density lipoprotein detection 54:86 Chitosan-modified carbon nanotubes-based platform for low-density lipoprotein detection. 25201210 3 41 theme AAB 496:498 arg1 biofunctionalization 472:491 The biofunctionalization 468:491 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface 468:529 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 6 42 theme regression 1102:1111 arg1 coefficient 1113:1123 a regression coefficient 1100:1123 a regression coefficient of 0.996 1100:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 3 43 theme microscopic 607:617 arg1 studies 619:625 spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies 580:625 spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies 580:625 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 6 44 theme 0.996 1128:1132 arg1 coefficient 1113:1123 a regression coefficient 1100:1123 a regression coefficient of 0.996 1100:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 4 45 theme transducer 674:683 arg1 surface 685:691 transducer surface 674:691 transducer surface 674:691 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 5 46 theme electrode 819:827 arg1 properties 786:795 Electrochemical properties 770:795 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode 770:827 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques. 25201210 5 47 theme Electrochemical 770:784 arg1 properties 786:795 Electrochemical properties 770:795 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode 770:827 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques. 25201210 5 48 theme cyclic 858:863 arg1 techniques 895:904 cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques 858:904 cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques 858:904 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques. 25201210 4 49 theme fabricated 745:754 arg1 immunosensor 756:767 the fabricated immunosensor 741:767 the fabricated immunosensor 741:767 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 6 50 theme limit 1075:1079 arg1 range 1036:1040 a detection range 1024:1040 a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 1024:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 6 51 from range 1036:1040 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 a high sensitivity 977:994 a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 977:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 2 52 theme anti-apolipoprotein 402:420 arg1 B 422:422 anti-apolipoprotein B 402:422 anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) 402:438 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 2 52 theme anti-apolipoprotein 402:420 arg1 AAB 435:437 antibody: AAB 425:437 antibody: AAB 425:437 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 2 53 theme co-entrapment 446:458 arg1 method 460:465 a co-entrapment method 444:465 a co-entrapment method 444:465 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 8 54 theme quantitative 1317:1328 arg1 estimation 1330:1339 quantitative estimation 1317:1339 quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal 1317:1415 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 6 55 theme AAB/CNT-CH/ITO 940:953 arg1 immunoelectrode 955:969 the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode 936:969 the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode 936:969 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 1 56 theme carbon 133:138 arg1 CNT-CH 164:169 CNT-CH 164:169 CNT-CH 164:169 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 1 56 theme carbon 133:138 arg1 nanotubes 140:148 carbon nanotubes 133:148 carbon nanotubes 133:148 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 0 57 theme lipoprotein 66:76 arg1 detection 78:86 low-density lipoprotein detection 54:86 low-density lipoprotein detection 54:86 Chitosan-modified carbon nanotubes-based platform for low-density lipoprotein detection. 25201210 7 58 theme LDL 1266:1268 arg1 molecules 1270:1278 LDL molecules 1266:1278 LDL molecules 1266:1278 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 7 59 theme association 1161:1171 arg1 constant 1173:1180 association constant 1161:1180 association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) 1161:1198 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 2 60 theme -coated 336:342 arg1 electrode 350:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 6 61 theme 12.5 mg/dL 1084:1093 arg1 0-120 mg/dL 1045:1055 0-120 mg/dL 1045:1055 0-120 mg/dL 1045:1055 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 6 61 theme 12.5 mg/dL 1084:1093 arg1 limit 1075:1079 low detection limit 1061:1079 low detection limit 1061:1079 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 8 62 theme distinguishable 1367:1381 arg1 variation 1383:1391 distinguishable variation 1367:1391 distinguishable variation in the impedance signal 1367:1415 This fabricated immunosensor allows quantitative estimation of LDL concentration with distinguishable variation in the impedance signal. 25201210 7 63 dep constant 1173:1180 arg1 s 1193:1193 0.34 M(-1)s 1183:1193 0.34 M(-1)s(-1) 1183:1197 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 7 63 dep constant 1173:1180 arg1 -1 1195:1196 -1 1195:1196 -1 1195:1196 The observed low value of association constant (0.34 M(-1)s(-1)) indicates high affinity of AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode towards LDL molecules. 25201210 4 64 dep higher 701:706 arg1 reproducibility 722:736 reproducibility 722:736 reproducibility 722:736 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 4 64 dep higher 701:706 arg1 stability 708:716 stability 708:716 stability 708:716 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 1 65 theme molecules 229:237 arg1 detection 186:194 detection 186:194 detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique 186:277 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 4 66 from functionalization 641:657 arg1 surface 685:691 transducer surface 674:691 transducer surface 674:691 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 6 67 theme impedimetric 911:922 arg1 response 924:931 The impedimetric response 907:931 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode 907:969 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 1 68 theme density 203:209 arg1 lipoprotein 211:221 low density lipoprotein 199:221 low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules 199:237 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 1 68 theme density 203:209 arg1 LDL 224:226 LDL 224:226 LDL 224:226 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 25201210 3 69 theme CNT-CH 516:521 arg1 surface 523:529 carboxylated CNT-CH surface 503:529 carboxylated CNT-CH surface 503:529 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 2 70 from deposited 301:309 arg1 electrode 350:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode 314:358 The CNT-CH composite deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode has been used to covalently interact with anti-apolipoprotein B (antibody: AAB) via a co-entrapment method. 25201210 6 71 dep 0.953 Ω/ 999:1006 arg1 /cm 1014:1016 /cm(2) 1014:1019 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996 999:1132 The impedimetric response of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO immunoelectrode shows a high sensitivity of 0.953 Ω/(mg/dL)/cm(2) in a detection range of 0-120 mg/dL and low detection limit of 12.5 mg/dL with a regression coefficient of 0.996. 25201210 5 72 theme voltammetric 865:876 arg1 techniques 895:904 cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques 858:904 cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques 858:904 Electrochemical properties of the AAB/CNT-CH/ITO electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and impedimetric techniques. 25201210 4 73 theme antibody 662:669 arg1 functionalization 641:657 The covalent functionalization 628:657 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface 628:691 The covalent functionalization of antibody on transducer surface reveals higher stability and reproducibility of the fabricated immunosensor. 25201210 3 74 dep transform 561:569 arg1 infrared 571:578 infrared 571:578 transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies 561:625 The biofunctionalization of AAB on carboxylated CNT-CH surface has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies. 25201210 1 75 theme electrochemical 243:257 arg1 technique 269:277 electrochemical impedance technique 243:277 electrochemical impedance technique 243:277 We have fabricated an immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes and chitosan (CNT-CH) composite for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules via electrochemical impedance technique. 26428148 6 0 theme needle 1018:1023 arg1 diameter 1025:1032 the needle diameter 1014:1032 the needle diameter 1014:1032 In addition, a concave correlation between the needle diameter and resultant fiber diameter was identified. 26428148 7 1 theme various 1240:1246 arg1 applications 1275:1286 various engineering and biomedical applications 1240:1286 various engineering and biomedical applications 1240:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 3 2 theme bead-less 564:572 arg1 nanofibers 574:583 bead-less nanofibers 564:583 bead-less nanofibers 564:583 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 5 3 dep Fourier 937:943 arg1 Transform 945:953 Transform 945:953 Transform 945:953 Nanofiber alignment was quantified using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. 26428148 2 4 theme capable 405:411 arg1 system 398:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system 342:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 342:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 3 5 theme chitosan/polycaprolactone 614:638 arg1 solutions 648:656 copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions 604:656 copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions 604:656 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 2 6 with samples 469:475 arg1 diameters 505:513 high-yield and tunable diameters 482:513 high-yield and tunable diameters 482:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 6 7 theme concave 986:992 arg1 correlation 994:1004 a concave correlation 984:1004 a concave correlation between the needle diameter and resultant fiber diameter 984:1061 In addition, a concave correlation between the needle diameter and resultant fiber diameter was identified. 26428148 2 8 theme highly-aligned 444:457 arg1 samples 469:475 highly-aligned nanofiber samples 444:475 highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 444:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 7 9 theme biomedical 1264:1273 arg1 applications 1275:1286 various engineering and biomedical applications 1240:1286 various engineering and biomedical applications 1240:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 3 10 theme copolymer 604:612 arg1 chitosan/polycaprolactone 614:638 copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone 604:638 copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions 604:656 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 3 10 theme copolymer 604:612 arg1 C-PCL 641:645 C-PCL 641:645 C-PCL 641:645 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 4 11 theme conventional 745:756 arg1 techniques 774:783 conventional electrospinning techniques 745:783 conventional electrospinning techniques 745:783 Compared to conventional electrospinning techniques, fibers spun with the HTP-CES not only exhibited superior alignment, but also better diameter uniformity. 26428148 2 12 theme electrospinning 372:386 arg1 system 398:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system 342:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 342:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 7 13 theme tunable 1175:1181 arg1 diameters 1183:1191 tunable diameters 1175:1191 tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications 1175:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 2 14 theme centrifugal 360:370 arg1 system 398:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system 342:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 342:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 3 15 from variations 666:675 arg1 gauge 726:730 spinneret needle gauge 709:730 spinneret needle gauge 709:730 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 3 15 from variations 666:675 arg1 composition 694:704 polymer blend composition 680:704 polymer blend composition 680:704 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 2 16 theme large 428:432 arg1 number 434:439 a large number 426:439 a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 426:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 2 17 theme tunable 497:503 arg1 diameters 505:513 high-yield and tunable diameters 482:513 high-yield and tunable diameters 482:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 4 18 theme superior 834:841 arg1 alignment 843:851 superior alignment 834:851 superior alignment 834:851 Compared to conventional electrospinning techniques, fibers spun with the HTP-CES not only exhibited superior alignment, but also better diameter uniformity. 26428148 2 19 theme high-throughput 344:358 arg1 system 398:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system 342:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 342:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 2 20 theme high-yield 482:491 arg1 diameters 505:513 high-yield and tunable diameters 482:513 high-yield and tunable diameters 482:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 0 21 theme high-yield 20:29 arg1 fabrication 31:41 high-yield fabrication 20:41 high-yield fabrication 20:41 High-throughput and high-yield fabrication of uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers by centrifugal electrospinning. 26428148 1 22 theme primary 190:196 arg1 inability 127:135 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers 123:177 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers 123:177 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 1 22 theme primary 190:196 arg1 obstacle 198:205 a primary obstacle 188:205 a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies 188:274 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 5 23 theme Fast 932:935 arg1 FFT 956:958 FFT 956:958 FFT 956:958 Nanofiber alignment was quantified using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. 26428148 5 23 theme Fast 932:935 arg1 Fourier 937:943 Fast Fourier Transform 932:953 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis 932:968 Nanofiber alignment was quantified using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. 26428148 0 24 theme uniaxially-aligned 46:63 arg1 nanofibers 80:89 uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers 46:89 uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers 46:89 High-throughput and high-yield fabrication of uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers by centrifugal electrospinning. 26428148 4 25 theme better 863:868 arg1 uniformity 879:888 better diameter uniformity 863:888 better diameter uniformity 863:888 Compared to conventional electrospinning techniques, fibers spun with the HTP-CES not only exhibited superior alignment, but also better diameter uniformity. 26428148 1 26 theme electrospinning 247:261 arg1 technologies 263:274 electrospinning technologies 247:274 electrospinning technologies 247:274 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 3 27 theme polymer 680:686 arg1 composition 694:704 polymer blend composition 680:704 polymer blend composition 680:704 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 7 28 with nanofibers 1159:1168 arg1 diameters 1183:1191 tunable diameters 1175:1191 tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications 1175:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 2 29 theme samples 469:475 arg1 number 434:439 a large number 426:439 a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 426:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 4 30 theme electrospinning 758:772 arg1 techniques 774:783 conventional electrospinning techniques 745:783 conventional electrospinning techniques 745:783 Compared to conventional electrospinning techniques, fibers spun with the HTP-CES not only exhibited superior alignment, but also better diameter uniformity. 26428148 5 31 theme Nanofiber 891:899 arg1 alignment 901:909 Nanofiber alignment 891:909 Nanofiber alignment 891:909 Nanofiber alignment was quantified using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. 26428148 3 32 theme blend 688:692 arg1 composition 694:704 polymer blend composition 680:704 polymer blend composition 680:704 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 1 33 theme technologies 263:274 arg1 advancement 210:220 advancement 210:220 advancement 210:220 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 1 33 theme technologies 263:274 arg1 commercialization 226:242 commercialization 226:242 commercialization 226:242 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 0 34 theme nanofibers 80:89 arg1 High-throughput 0:14 High-throughput 0:14 High-throughput 0:14 High-throughput and high-yield fabrication of uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers by centrifugal electrospinning. 26428148 0 34 theme nanofibers 80:89 arg1 fabrication 31:41 high-yield fabrication 20:41 high-yield fabrication 20:41 High-throughput and high-yield fabrication of uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers by centrifugal electrospinning. 26428148 6 35 theme fiber 1048:1052 arg1 diameter 1054:1061 resultant fiber diameter 1038:1061 resultant fiber diameter 1038:1061 In addition, a concave correlation between the needle diameter and resultant fiber diameter was identified. 26428148 7 36 theme highly-aligned 1144:1157 arg1 nanofibers 1159:1168 highly-aligned nanofibers 1144:1168 highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications 1144:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 7 37 theme industrial 1119:1128 arg1 production 1130:1139 industrial production 1119:1139 industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications 1119:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 1 38 theme large 148:152 arg1 quantities 154:163 large quantities 148:163 large quantities of nanofibers 148:177 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 0 39 theme chitosan-based 65:78 arg1 nanofibers 80:89 uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers 46:89 uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers 46:89 High-throughput and high-yield fabrication of uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers by centrifugal electrospinning. 26428148 6 40 theme resultant 1038:1046 arg1 diameter 1054:1061 resultant fiber diameter 1038:1061 resultant fiber diameter 1038:1061 In addition, a concave correlation between the needle diameter and resultant fiber diameter was identified. 26428148 7 41 theme nanofibers 1159:1168 arg1 production 1130:1139 industrial production 1119:1139 industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications 1119:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 7 42 theme engineering 1248:1258 arg1 applications 1275:1286 various engineering and biomedical applications 1240:1286 various engineering and biomedical applications 1240:1286 This system can be easily scaled up for industrial production of highly-aligned nanofibers with tunable diameters that can potentially meet the requirements for various engineering and biomedical applications. 26428148 3 43 theme spinneret 709:717 arg1 gauge 726:730 spinneret needle gauge 709:730 spinneret needle gauge 709:730 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 2 44 theme HTP-CES 389:395 arg1 system 398:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system 342:403 a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 342:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 4 45 theme diameter 870:877 arg1 uniformity 879:888 better diameter uniformity 863:888 better diameter uniformity 863:888 Compared to conventional electrospinning techniques, fibers spun with the HTP-CES not only exhibited superior alignment, but also better diameter uniformity. 26428148 3 46 theme needle 719:724 arg1 gauge 726:730 spinneret needle gauge 709:730 spinneret needle gauge 709:730 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 1 47 theme nanofibers 168:177 arg1 quantities 154:163 large quantities 148:163 large quantities of nanofibers 148:177 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 3 48 theme design 539:544 arg1 versatility 520:530 The versatility 516:530 The versatility of the design 516:544 The versatility of the design was revealed when bead-less nanofibers were produced from copolymer chitosan/polycaprolactone (C-PCL) solutions despite variations in polymer blend composition or spinneret needle gauge. 26428148 0 49 theme centrifugal 94:104 arg1 electrospinning 106:120 centrifugal electrospinning 94:120 centrifugal electrospinning 94:120 High-throughput and high-yield fabrication of uniaxially-aligned chitosan-based nanofibers by centrifugal electrospinning. 26428148 2 50 theme nanofiber 459:467 arg1 samples 469:475 highly-aligned nanofiber samples 444:475 highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters 444:513 Here, we present a high-throughput centrifugal electrospinning (HTP-CES) system capable of producing a large number of highly-aligned nanofiber samples with high-yield and tunable diameters. 26428148 5 51 theme Fourier 937:943 arg1 analysis 961:968 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis 932:968 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis 932:968 Nanofiber alignment was quantified using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. 26428148 1 52 from obstacle 198:205 arg1 advancement 210:220 advancement 210:220 advancement 210:220 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 1 52 from obstacle 198:205 arg1 commercialization 226:242 commercialization 226:242 commercialization 226:242 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 26428148 1 53 theme aligned 293:299 arg1 nanofibers 301:310 aligned nanofibers 293:310 aligned nanofibers 293:310 The inability to produce large quantities of nanofibers has been a primary obstacle in advancement and commercialization of electrospinning technologies, especially when aligned nanofibers are desired. 25906664 0 0 theme implantation 73:84 arg1 area 86:89 the implantation area 69:89 the implantation area of various types of allograft 69:119 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 2 1 theme chinchilla 451:460 arg1 breed 462:466 Russian chinchilla breed 443:466 Russian chinchilla breed 443:466 The experiment has been conducted on 12 rabbits of Russian chinchilla breed. 25906664 4 2 theme " 846:846 arg1 n 857:857 n = 6 857:861 n = 6 857:861 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 4 2 theme " 846:846 arg1 company 848:854 "Ethicon" company 838:854 "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 838:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 8 3 theme choice 1465:1470 arg1 methodology 1388:1398 the methodology 1384:1398 the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh 1384:1429 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 8 3 theme choice 1465:1470 arg1 operation 1452:1460 operation 1452:1460 operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias 1452:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 3 4 dep grid 627:630 arg1 Proceed 632:638 Proceed 632:638 Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 632:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 2 5 theme Russian 443:449 arg1 breed 462:466 Russian chinchilla breed 443:466 Russian chinchilla breed 443:466 The experiment has been conducted on 12 rabbits of Russian chinchilla breed. 25906664 4 6 theme Ethicon 839:845 arg1 n 857:857 n = 6 857:861 n = 6 857:861 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 4 6 theme Ethicon 839:845 arg1 company 848:854 "Ethicon" company 838:854 "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 838:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 4 7 theme preperitoneal 743:755 arg1 plastic 757:763 preperitoneal plastic 743:763 preperitoneal plastic 743:763 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 8 8 from mesh 1426:1429 arg1 methodology 1388:1398 the methodology 1384:1398 the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh 1384:1429 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 8 8 from mesh 1426:1429 arg1 operation 1452:1460 operation 1452:1460 operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias 1452:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 3 9 theme one-side 645:652 arg1 coating 664:670 one-side celullose coating 645:670 one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 645:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 6 10 theme burden 1114:1119 arg1 rates 1121:1125 the maximum burden rates 1102:1125 the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix 1102:1195 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 6 10 theme burden 1114:1119 arg1 equivalent 1136:1145 equivalent 1136:1145 equivalent 1136:1145 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 4 11 theme group--performed 714:729 arg1 modeling 731:738 The second group--performed modeling 703:738 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic 703:763 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 5 12 theme strength 903:910 arg1 evaluation 885:894 the tensometric evaluation 869:894 the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall 869:951 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 1 13 theme mechanical 217:226 arg1 properties 228:237 the mechanical properties 213:237 the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them 213:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 1 14 theme lay 325:327 arg1 mesh 329:332 lay mesh and sublay methodologies 325:357 mesh 329:332 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 5 15 theme implant 915:921 arg1 integration 923:933 implant integration 915:933 implant integration into the red wall 915:951 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 4 16 theme second 707:712 arg1 modeling 731:738 The second group--performed modeling 703:738 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic 703:763 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 7 17 theme first 1310:1314 arg1 group 1316:1320 the first group 1306:1320 the first group 1306:1320 Statistically significant distinctions during 14 days were not detected; however strength during 30 days in the first group was 3 times higher than in the second group. 25906664 6 18 theme deflection 1052:1061 arg1 diagrams 1063:1070 deflection diagrams 1052:1070 deflection diagrams 1052:1070 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 0 19 theme types 102:106 arg1 area 86:89 the implantation area 69:89 the implantation area of various types of allograft 69:119 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 5 20 theme red 944:946 arg1 wall 948:951 the red wall 940:951 the red wall 940:951 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 5 21 theme integration 923:933 arg1 strength 903:910 the strength 899:910 the strength of implant integration into the red wall 899:951 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 6 22 theme muscular 1150:1157 arg1 budge 1166:1170 muscular tissue budge 1150:1170 muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix 1150:1195 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 0 23 theme various 94:100 arg1 types 102:106 various types 94:106 various types of allograft 94:119 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 3 24 theme following 501:509 arg1 way 511:513 the following way 497:513 the following way 497:513 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 8 25 theme intraperitoneal 1403:1417 arg1 methodology 1388:1398 the methodology 1384:1398 the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh 1384:1429 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 8 25 theme intraperitoneal 1403:1417 arg1 operation 1452:1460 operation 1452:1460 operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias 1452:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 5 26 theme entire 962:967 arg1 area 969:972 entire area 962:972 entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant 962:1032 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 1 27 theme sublay 338:343 arg1 methodologies 345:357 lay mesh and sublay methodologies 325:357 methodologies 345:357 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 6 28 theme maximum 1106:1112 arg1 rates 1121:1125 the maximum burden rates 1102:1125 the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix 1102:1195 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 6 28 theme maximum 1106:1112 arg1 equivalent 1136:1145 equivalent 1136:1145 equivalent 1136:1145 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 0 29 theme [Research 0:8 arg1 complexes 49:57 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes 0:57 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment 0:141 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 8 30 theme treatment 1483:1491 arg1 choice 1465:1470 choice 1465:1470 choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias 1465:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 8 31 theme lay 1422:1424 arg1 mesh 1426:1429 lay mesh 1422:1429 lay mesh 1422:1429 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 5 32 theme anterior 977:984 arg1 wall 990:993 anterior red wall 977:993 anterior red wall 977:993 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 1 33 theme study 160:164 arg1 aim 149:151 The aim 145:151 The aim of the study 145:164 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 0 34 theme durability 17:26 arg1 [Research 0:8 [Research 0:8 [Research 0:8 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 1 35 theme connective 242:251 arg1 complexes 260:268 connective tissue complexes 242:268 connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them 242:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 0 36 theme allograft 111:119 arg1 types 102:106 various types 94:106 various types of allograft 94:119 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 6 37 theme budge 1166:1170 arg1 rates 1121:1125 the maximum burden rates 1102:1125 the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix 1102:1195 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 6 37 theme budge 1166:1170 arg1 equivalent 1136:1145 equivalent 1136:1145 equivalent 1136:1145 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 3 38 dep distributed 482:492 arg1 group--operated 526:540 the first group--operated 516:540 the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 516:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 7 39 theme second 1353:1358 arg1 group 1360:1364 the second group 1349:1364 the second group 1349:1364 Statistically significant distinctions during 14 days were not detected; however strength during 30 days in the first group was 3 times higher than in the second group. 25906664 1 40 theme tissue 253:258 arg1 complexes 260:268 connective tissue complexes 242:268 connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them 242:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 6 41 dep diagrams 1063:1070 arg1 the 1048:1050 the 1048:1050 the 1048:1050 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 3 42 theme first 520:524 arg1 group--operated 526:540 the first group--operated 516:540 the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 516:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 1 43 with methodologies 345:357 arg1 comparison 372:381 further comparison 364:381 further comparison of them 364:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 0 44 theme connective 31:40 arg1 tissue 42:47 connective tissue 31:47 connective tissue 31:47 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 1 45 theme complexes 260:268 arg1 properties 228:237 the mechanical properties 213:237 the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them 213:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 6 46 theme polymeric 1180:1188 arg1 matrix 1190:1195 polymeric matrix 1180:1195 polymeric matrix 1180:1195 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 3 47 theme lay 564:566 arg1 n 586:586 n = 6 586:590 n = 6 586:590 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 3 47 theme lay 564:566 arg1 methodology 573:583 lay mesh methodology 564:583 lay mesh methodology (n = 6) 564:591 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 8 48 theme hernias 1510:1516 arg1 treatment 1483:1491 surgery treatment 1475:1491 surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias 1475:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 1 49 theme further 364:370 arg1 comparison 372:381 further comparison 364:381 further comparison of them 364:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 3 50 theme mesh 568:571 arg1 n 586:586 n = 6 586:590 n = 6 586:590 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 3 50 theme mesh 568:571 arg1 methodology 573:583 lay mesh methodology 564:583 lay mesh methodology (n = 6) 564:591 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 8 51 from methodology 1388:1398 arg1 mesh 1426:1429 lay mesh 1422:1429 lay mesh 1422:1429 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 8 52 theme umbilical 1500:1508 arg1 hernias 1510:1516 the umbilical hernias 1496:1516 the umbilical hernias 1496:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 4 53 theme = 859:859 arg1 n 857:857 n = 6 857:861 n = 6 857:861 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 4 53 theme = 859:859 arg1 company 848:854 "Ethicon" company 838:854 "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 838:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 8 54 theme surgery 1475:1481 arg1 treatment 1483:1491 surgery treatment 1475:1491 surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias 1475:1516 We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias. 25906664 4 55 theme large-pores 805:815 arg1 Ultrapro 817:824 large-pores Ultrapro 805:824 large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 805:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 6 56 theme dynamometer 1076:1086 arg1 rates 1088:1092 dynamometer rates 1076:1092 dynamometer rates 1076:1092 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 25906664 0 57 theme tissue 42:47 arg1 durability 17:26 the durability 13:26 the durability of connective tissue 13:47 [Research of the durability of connective tissue complexes formed in the implantation area of various types of allograft during the experiment]. 25906664 1 58 theme alloplasty 280:289 arg1 area 291:294 alloplasty area 280:294 alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them 280:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 3 59 theme grid 627:630 arg1 implantation 601:612 implantation 601:612 implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 601:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 5 60 theme red 986:988 arg1 wall 990:993 anterior red wall 977:993 anterior red wall 977:993 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 5 61 theme implanted 1013:1021 arg1 transplant 1023:1032 the implanted transplant 1009:1032 the implanted transplant 1009:1032 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 1 62 theme them 386:389 arg1 comparison 372:381 further comparison 364:381 further comparison of them 364:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 4 63 theme plastic 757:763 arg1 modeling 731:738 The second group--performed modeling 703:738 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic 703:763 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 4 64 theme composite 785:793 arg1 grid 795:798 two-component composite grid 771:798 two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 771:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 3 65 theme " 692:692 arg1 company 694:700 "Ethicon" company 684:700 "Ethicon" company 684:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 1 66 from experiment 187:196 arg1 animals 205:211 the animals 201:211 the animals 201:211 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 5 67 theme wall 990:993 arg1 area 969:972 entire area 962:972 entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant 962:1032 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 3 68 theme = 588:588 arg1 n 586:586 n = 6 586:590 n = 6 586:590 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 3 68 theme = 588:588 arg1 methodology 573:583 lay mesh methodology 564:583 lay mesh methodology (n = 6) 564:591 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 7 69 from strength 1279:1286 arg1 group 1316:1320 the first group 1306:1320 the first group 1306:1320 Statistically significant distinctions during 14 days were not detected; however strength during 30 days in the first group was 3 times higher than in the second group. 25906664 5 70 theme tensometric 873:883 arg1 evaluation 885:894 the tensometric evaluation 869:894 the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall 869:951 For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. 25906664 3 71 from group--operated 526:540 arg1 n 586:586 n = 6 586:590 n = 6 586:590 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 3 71 from group--operated 526:540 arg1 methodology 573:583 lay mesh methodology 564:583 lay mesh methodology (n = 6) 564:591 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 3 72 theme composite 617:625 arg1 grid 627:630 composite grid 617:630 composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 617:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 4 73 theme two-component 771:783 arg1 grid 795:798 two-component composite grid 771:798 two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 771:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 7 74 theme significant 1212:1222 arg1 distinctions 1224:1235 Statistically significant distinctions 1198:1235 Statistically significant distinctions during 14 days 1198:1250 Statistically significant distinctions during 14 days were not detected; however strength during 30 days in the first group was 3 times higher than in the second group. 25906664 1 75 with mesh 329:332 arg1 comparison 372:381 further comparison 364:381 further comparison of them 364:389 The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. 25906664 4 76 with grid 795:798 arg1 Ultrapro 817:824 large-pores Ultrapro 805:824 large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6) 805:862 The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). 25906664 2 77 theme breed 462:466 arg1 rabbits 432:438 12 rabbits 429:438 12 rabbits of Russian chinchilla breed 429:466 The experiment has been conducted on 12 rabbits of Russian chinchilla breed. 25906664 3 78 theme celullose 654:662 arg1 coating 664:670 one-side celullose coating 645:670 one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company 645:700 Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. 25906664 6 79 theme tissue 1159:1164 arg1 budge 1166:1170 muscular tissue budge 1150:1170 muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix 1150:1195 According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. 26917958 0 0 from culture 21:27 arg1 dishes 90:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 5 1 theme polyethylene 636:647 arg1 terephthalate 649:661 its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition 632:695 terephthalate 649:661 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 1 2 theme people 158:163 arg1 number 148:153 a large number 140:153 a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited 140:212 Chondral and osteochondral defects affect a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited. 26917958 7 3 theme greater 1099:1105 arg1 hydrophobicity 1107:1120 greater hydrophobicity 1099:1120 greater hydrophobicity 1099:1120 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 0 4 theme culture 82:88 arg1 dishes 90:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 5 5 theme cellulose 667:675 arg1 composition 685:695 its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition 632:695 composition 685:695 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 6 6 theme cell 1050:1053 arg1 culture 1055:1061 chondrocyte cell culture 1038:1061 chondrocyte cell culture 1038:1061 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 6 7 theme chondrocyte 1038:1048 arg1 culture 1055:1061 chondrocyte cell culture 1038:1061 chondrocyte cell culture 1038:1061 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 7 8 theme osteochondral 1265:1277 arg1 defects 1279:1285 chondral and osteochondral defects 1252:1285 chondral and osteochondral defects 1252:1285 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 2 9 theme cartilage 280:288 arg1 structure 267:275 the natural nanofibrous structure 243:275 the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage 243:288 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 2 10 theme new 342:344 arg1 scaffold 346:353 a new scaffold 340:353 a new scaffold 340:353 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 7 11 contain have 1094:1097 arg2 area 1149:1152 three-dimensional surface area 1123:1152 three-dimensional surface area 1123:1152 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 7 11 contain have 1094:1097 arg2 hydrophobicity 1107:1120 greater hydrophobicity 1099:1120 greater hydrophobicity 1099:1120 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 7 11 contain have 1094:1097 arg2 strength 1175:1182 greater tensile strength 1159:1182 greater tensile strength 1159:1182 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 7 11 contain have 1094:1097 arg1 scaffolds 1079:1087 The XanoMatrix scaffolds 1064:1087 The XanoMatrix scaffolds 1064:1087 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 2 12 dep in 304:305 arg1 vitro 307:311 vitro 307:311 vitro 307:311 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 6 13 theme chondrocyte 934:944 arg1 growth 946:951 chondrocyte growth 934:951 chondrocyte growth 934:951 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 7 14 theme greater 1159:1165 arg1 strength 1175:1182 greater tensile strength 1159:1182 greater tensile strength 1159:1182 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 3 15 theme chondrocyte 494:504 arg1 functions 506:514 chondrocyte functions 494:514 chondrocyte functions 494:514 In addition, this same scaffold is introduced here as a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 5 16 theme extracellular 765:777 arg1 matrix 779:784 an extracellular matrix 762:784 an extracellular matrix 762:784 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 7 17 theme tensile 1167:1173 arg1 strength 1175:1182 greater tensile strength 1159:1182 greater tensile strength 1159:1182 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 7 18 theme chondral 1252:1259 arg1 defects 1279:1285 chondral and osteochondral defects 1252:1285 chondral and osteochondral defects 1252:1285 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 1 19 theme treatment 174:182 arg1 options 184:190 treatment options 174:190 treatment options 174:190 Chondral and osteochondral defects affect a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited. 26917958 0 20 theme chondrocyte 9:19 arg1 culture 21:27 Enhanced chondrocyte culture 0:27 Enhanced chondrocyte culture 0:27 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 0 21 from growth 33:38 arg1 dishes 90:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 7 22 theme cell 1298:1301 arg1 substrates 1311:1320 cell culture substrates 1298:1320 ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates 1197:1320 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 0 23 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 culture 21:27 Enhanced chondrocyte culture 0:27 Enhanced chondrocyte culture 0:27 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 7 24 theme alternative 1218:1228 arg1 options 1240:1246 alternative treatment options 1218:1246 alternative treatment options 1218:1246 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 1 25 theme Chondral 98:105 arg1 defects 125:131 Chondral and osteochondral defects 98:131 Chondral and osteochondral defects 98:131 Chondral and osteochondral defects affect a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited. 26917958 7 26 theme treatment 1230:1238 arg1 options 1240:1246 alternative treatment options 1218:1246 alternative treatment options 1218:1246 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 5 27 theme mechanical 703:712 arg1 properties 714:723 good mechanical properties 698:723 good mechanical properties 698:723 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 2 28 theme current 296:302 arg1 study 313:317 this current in vitro study 291:317 this current in vitro study 291:317 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 2 29 theme in 304:305 arg1 study 313:317 this current in vitro study 291:317 this current in vitro study 291:317 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 6 30 theme XanoMatrix 905:914 arg1 scaffolds 916:924 the XanoMatrix scaffolds 901:924 the XanoMatrix scaffolds 901:924 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 1 31 theme osteochondral 111:123 arg1 defects 125:131 Chondral and osteochondral defects 98:131 Chondral and osteochondral defects 98:131 Chondral and osteochondral defects affect a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited. 26917958 4 32 theme chondrocyte 536:546 arg1 functions 548:556 chondrocyte functions 536:556 chondrocyte functions 536:556 Current studies on chondrocyte functions are limited due to nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates. 26917958 6 33 theme Falcon 1004:1009 arg1 surfaces 1011:1018 the Corning and Falcon surfaces 988:1018 the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture 988:1061 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 7 34 theme ideal 1197:1201 arg1 candidates 1203:1212 ideal candidates 1197:1212 ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates 1197:1320 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 5 35 theme ideal 808:812 arg1 surface 814:820 an ideal surface 805:820 an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation 805:861 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 5 36 theme nanofibrous 729:739 arg1 structure 741:749 nanofibrous structure 729:749 nanofibrous structure 729:749 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 6 37 dep growth 946:951 arg1 compared 974:981 compared 974:981 compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture 974:1061 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 7 38 theme XanoMatrix 1068:1077 arg1 scaffolds 1079:1087 The XanoMatrix scaffolds 1064:1087 The XanoMatrix scaffolds 1064:1087 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 2 39 theme cartilage 380:388 arg1 regeneration 390:401 cartilage regeneration 380:401 cartilage regeneration 380:401 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 0 40 theme inspired 56:63 arg1 dishes 90:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 6 41 theme Corning 992:998 arg1 surfaces 1011:1018 the Corning and Falcon surfaces 988:1018 the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture 988:1061 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 5 42 theme acetate 677:683 arg1 composition 685:695 its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition 632:695 composition 685:695 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 7 43 theme culture 1303:1309 arg1 substrates 1311:1320 cell culture substrates 1298:1320 ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates 1197:1320 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 3 44 theme new 460:462 arg1 substrate 464:472 a new substrate 458:472 a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions 458:514 In addition, this same scaffold is introduced here as a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 3 44 theme new 460:462 arg1 scaffold 427:434 this same scaffold 417:434 this same scaffold 417:434 In addition, this same scaffold is introduced here as a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 7 45 theme three-dimensional 1123:1139 arg1 area 1149:1152 three-dimensional surface area 1123:1152 three-dimensional surface area 1123:1152 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 4 46 theme Current 517:523 arg1 studies 525:531 Current studies 517:531 Current studies on chondrocyte functions 517:556 Current studies on chondrocyte functions are limited due to nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates. 26917958 7 47 theme surface 1141:1147 arg1 area 1149:1152 three-dimensional surface area 1123:1152 three-dimensional surface area 1123:1152 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 7 48 theme chondrocyte 1331:1341 arg1 functions 1343:1351 chondrocyte functions 1331:1351 chondrocyte functions 1331:1351 The XanoMatrix scaffolds also have greater hydrophobicity, three-dimensional surface area, and greater tensile strength, making them ideal candidates for alternative treatment options for chondral and osteochondral defects as well as cell culture substrates to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 6 49 theme current 869:875 arg1 study 877:881 This current study 864:881 This current study 864:881 This current study demonstrated that the XanoMatrix scaffolds promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation as compared with the Corning and Falcon surfaces normally used for chondrocyte cell culture. 26917958 2 50 theme nanofibrous 255:265 arg1 structure 267:275 the natural nanofibrous structure 243:275 the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage 243:288 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 4 51 theme inspired 593:600 arg1 substrates 615:624 nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates 577:624 nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates 577:624 Current studies on chondrocyte functions are limited due to nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates. 26917958 5 52 theme good 698:701 arg1 properties 714:723 good mechanical properties 698:723 good mechanical properties 698:723 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 2 53 theme natural 247:253 arg1 structure 267:275 the natural nanofibrous structure 243:275 the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage 243:288 Due to its ability to mimic the natural nanofibrous structure of cartilage, this current in vitro study aimed at introducing a new scaffold, called XanoMatrix™, for cartilage regeneration. 26917958 1 54 theme large 142:146 arg1 number 148:153 a large number 140:153 a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited 140:212 Chondral and osteochondral defects affect a large number of people in which treatment options are currently limited. 26917958 0 55 theme cell 77:80 arg1 dishes 90:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 3 56 theme same 422:425 arg1 substrate 464:472 a new substrate 458:472 a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions 458:514 In addition, this same scaffold is introduced here as a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 3 56 theme same 422:425 arg1 scaffold 427:434 this same scaffold 417:434 this same scaffold 417:434 In addition, this same scaffold is introduced here as a new substrate onto which to study chondrocyte functions. 26917958 4 57 theme culture 607:613 arg1 substrates 615:624 nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates 577:624 nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates 577:624 Current studies on chondrocyte functions are limited due to nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates. 26917958 0 58 theme nanofibrous 65:75 arg1 dishes 90:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes 43:95 Enhanced chondrocyte culture and growth on biologically inspired nanofibrous cell culture dishes. 26917958 4 59 from studies 525:531 arg1 functions 548:556 chondrocyte functions 536:556 chondrocyte functions 536:556 Current studies on chondrocyte functions are limited due to nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates. 26917958 5 60 theme chondrocyte 826:836 arg1 growth 838:843 chondrocyte growth 826:843 chondrocyte growth 826:843 With its polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose acetate composition, good mechanical properties and nanofibrous structure resembling an extracellular matrix, XanoMatrix offers an ideal surface for chondrocyte growth and proliferation. 26917958 4 61 theme cell 602:605 arg1 substrates 615:624 nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates 577:624 nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates 577:624 Current studies on chondrocyte functions are limited due to nonbiologically inspired cell culture substrates. 25818149 3 0 theme electron 753:760 arg1 SEM 774:776 SEM 774:776 SEM 774:776 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 0 theme electron 753:760 arg1 microscopy 762:771 scanning electron microscopy 744:771 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 744:777 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 5 1 theme non-toxic 992:1000 arg1 nature 1002:1007 non-toxic nature 992:1007 non-toxic nature 992:1007 The results indicate a good biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the resulted membrane. 25818149 5 2 theme membrane 1025:1032 arg1 biocompatibility 971:986 a good biocompatibility 964:986 a good biocompatibility 964:986 The results indicate a good biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the resulted membrane. 25818149 5 2 theme membrane 1025:1032 arg1 nature 1002:1007 non-toxic nature 992:1007 non-toxic nature 992:1007 The results indicate a good biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the resulted membrane. 25818149 2 3 theme nanofibers 564:573 arg1 modulus 553:559 the elastic modulus 541:559 the elastic modulus of nanofibers 541:573 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 2 4 theme Architectural 337:349 arg1 stability 351:359 Architectural stability 337:359 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium 337:394 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 1 5 theme nanofibrous 108:118 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 3 6 theme Instron 783:789 arg1 machine 791:797 Instron machine 783:797 Instron machine 783:797 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 2 7 theme mat 374:376 arg1 stability 351:359 Architectural stability 337:359 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium 337:394 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 4 8 theme good 860:863 arg1 attachment 865:874 good attachment 860:874 good attachment 860:874 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 1 9 theme heat 300:303 arg1 crosslinking 323:334 heat mediated chemical crosslinking 300:334 heat mediated chemical crosslinking 300:334 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 4 10 theme electrospun 920:930 arg1 membranes 932:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 1 11 theme Composite 86:94 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 2 12 theme elastic 545:551 arg1 modulus 553:559 the elastic modulus 541:559 the elastic modulus of nanofibers 541:573 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 4 13 theme crosslinked 908:918 arg1 membranes 932:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 1 14 theme Crosslinked 96:106 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 1 15 theme polyethylene 187:198 arg1 oxide 200:204 polyethylene oxide 187:204 polyethylene oxide 187:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 2 16 theme nanofiber 364:372 arg1 mat 374:376 nanofiber mat 364:376 nanofiber mat 364:376 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 1 17 theme oxide 200:204 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 1 18 theme mediated 305:312 arg1 crosslinking 323:334 heat mediated chemical crosslinking 300:334 heat mediated chemical crosslinking 300:334 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 4 19 link crosslinked 908:918 arg1 membranes 932:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 2 20 theme strength 463:470 arg1 tests 472:476 tensile strength tests 455:476 tensile strength tests 455:476 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 1 21 theme chemical 314:321 arg1 crosslinking 323:334 heat mediated chemical crosslinking 300:334 heat mediated chemical crosslinking 300:334 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 5 22 theme resulted 1016:1023 arg1 membrane 1025:1032 the resulted membrane 1012:1032 the resulted membrane 1012:1032 The results indicate a good biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the resulted membrane. 25818149 4 23 theme Skin 814:817 arg1 fibroblasts 819:829 Skin fibroblasts 814:829 Skin fibroblasts 814:829 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 2 24 theme tensile 455:461 arg1 tests 472:476 tensile strength tests 455:476 tensile strength tests 455:476 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 1 25 theme chitosan 133:140 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 2 26 theme chemical 412:419 arg1 crosslinking 421:432 chemical crosslinking 412:432 chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE 412:448 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 2 27 theme aqueous 381:387 arg1 medium 389:394 aqueous medium 381:394 aqueous medium 381:394 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 2 28 dep EGDE 445:448 arg1 % 443:443 % 443:443 % 443:443 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 2 29 theme EGDE 445:448 arg1 crosslinking 421:432 chemical crosslinking 412:432 chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE 412:448 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 0 30 theme EGDE 37:40 arg1 characterizations 16:32 characterizations 16:32 characterizations 16:32 Preparation and characterizations of EGDE crosslinked chitosan electrospun membranes. 25818149 0 30 theme EGDE 37:40 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterizations of EGDE crosslinked chitosan electrospun membranes. 25818149 2 31 theme EGDE 503:506 arg1 content 508:514 increasing EGDE content 492:514 increasing EGDE content 492:514 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 2 32 dep % 443:443 arg1 1 442:442 1 442:442 1 442:442 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 0 33 theme electrospun 63:73 arg1 membranes 75:83 chitosan electrospun membranes 54:83 chitosan electrospun membranes 54:83 Preparation and characterizations of EGDE crosslinked chitosan electrospun membranes. 25818149 5 34 theme good 966:969 arg1 biocompatibility 971:986 a good biocompatibility 964:986 a good biocompatibility 964:986 The results indicate a good biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the resulted membrane. 25818149 3 35 theme Infrared 710:717 arg1 spectroscopy 719:730 Infrared spectroscopy 710:730 Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 664:741 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 4 36 from viability 895:903 arg1 membranes 932:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 0 37 theme chitosan 54:61 arg1 membranes 75:83 chitosan electrospun membranes 54:83 chitosan electrospun membranes 54:83 Preparation and characterizations of EGDE crosslinked chitosan electrospun membranes. 25818149 3 38 theme nanofibers 631:640 arg1 structure 580:588 structure 580:588 structure 580:588 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 38 theme nanofibers 631:640 arg1 morphology 591:600 morphology 591:600 morphology 591:600 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 38 theme nanofibers 631:640 arg1 properties 617:626 mechanical properties 606:626 mechanical properties 606:626 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 1 39 theme ethylene 143:150 arg1 EGDE 177:180 EGDE 177:180 EGDE 177:180 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 1 39 theme ethylene 143:150 arg1 ether 170:174 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 143:174 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 143:181 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 3 40 theme mechanical 606:615 arg1 properties 617:626 mechanical properties 606:626 mechanical properties 606:626 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 41 theme scanning 744:751 arg1 SEM 774:776 SEM 774:776 SEM 774:776 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 41 theme scanning 744:751 arg1 microscopy 762:771 scanning electron microscopy 744:771 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 744:777 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 42 theme Total 675:679 arg1 spectroscopy 719:730 Infrared spectroscopy 710:730 Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 664:741 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 4 43 from proliferation 877:889 arg1 membranes 932:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 1 44 theme glycol 152:157 arg1 EGDE 177:180 EGDE 177:180 EGDE 177:180 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 1 44 theme glycol 152:157 arg1 ether 170:174 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 143:174 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 143:181 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 1 45 theme free 242:245 arg1 morphology 247:256 bead free morphology 237:256 bead free morphology 237:256 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 4 46 theme endothelial 835:845 arg1 cells 847:851 endothelial cells 835:851 endothelial cells 835:851 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 3 47 theme Reflection-Fourier 681:698 arg1 spectroscopy 719:730 Infrared spectroscopy 710:730 Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 664:741 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 1 48 theme diglycidyl 159:168 arg1 EGDE 177:180 EGDE 177:180 EGDE 177:180 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 1 48 theme diglycidyl 159:168 arg1 ether 170:174 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 143:174 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 143:181 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 3 49 dep structure 580:588 arg1 The 576:578 The 576:578 The 576:578 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 4 50 from attachment 865:874 arg1 membranes 932:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 crosslinked electrospun membranes 908:940 Skin fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed good attachment, proliferation and viability on crosslinked electrospun membranes. 25818149 1 51 theme ether 170:174 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 25818149 3 52 dep spectroscopy 719:730 arg1 Transform 700:708 Transform 700:708 Transform 700:708 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 3 52 dep spectroscopy 719:730 arg1 ATR-FTIR 733:740 ATR-FTIR 733:740 ATR-FTIR 733:740 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 2 53 theme increasing 492:501 arg1 content 508:514 increasing EGDE content 492:514 increasing EGDE content 492:514 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 3 54 theme Attenuated 664:673 arg1 spectroscopy 719:730 Infrared spectroscopy 710:730 Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 664:741 The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron machine, respectively. 25818149 2 55 from stability 351:359 arg1 medium 389:394 aqueous medium 381:394 aqueous medium 381:394 Architectural stability of nanofiber mat in aqueous medium was achieved by chemical crosslinking of only 1% EGDE, and tensile strength tests revealed that increasing EGDE content has considerably enhance the elastic modulus of nanofibers. 25818149 1 56 link Crosslinked 96:106 arg1 membranes 120:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes 86:128 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide 86:204 Composite Crosslinked nanofibrous membranes of chitosan, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and polyethylene oxide was successfully prepared with bead free morphology via electrospinning technique followed by heat mediated chemical crosslinking. 26936112 5 0 theme active 816:821 arg1 sites 823:827 the enzymatic active sites 802:827 the enzymatic active sites 802:827 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 0 1 theme cell 103:106 arg1 performance 80:90 performance 80:90 performance of biofuel cell 80:106 Bioelectrodes based on pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite improve performance of biofuel cell. 26936112 10 2 theme device 1637:1642 arg1 output 1644:1649 the device output 1633:1649 the device output 1633:1649 After 24h of preconditioning the matrix was recharged and the device output reached the power, 2.1mWcm(-2) and OCV, 0.59V. 26936112 7 3 theme cellulose/polypyrrole 1145:1165 arg1 film 1177:1180 the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 1141:1180 the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 1141:1180 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 8 4 theme biofuel 1361:1367 arg1 output 1380:1385 the biofuel cell power output 1357:1385 the biofuel cell power output 1357:1385 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 9 5 theme preconditioning 1482:1496 arg1 step 1498:1501 a preconditioning step 1480:1501 a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow 1480:1572 The power of the cell was found to increase by introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow. 26936112 7 6 theme composite 1167:1175 arg1 film 1177:1180 the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 1141:1180 the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 1141:1180 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 7 theme catalytic 996:1004 arg1 12.8mAcm 1023:1030 12.8mAcm(-2) 1023:1034 12.8mAcm(-2) 1023:1034 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 7 theme catalytic 996:1004 arg1 density 1014:1020 large catalytic current density 990:1020 large catalytic current density 990:1020 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 8 8 theme pseudocapacitive 1256:1271 arg1 matrix 1273:1278 pseudocapacitive matrix 1256:1278 pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm 1256:1332 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 9 9 theme step 1498:1501 arg1 introduction 1464:1475 introduction 1464:1475 introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow 1464:1572 The power of the cell was found to increase by introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow. 26936112 5 10 theme good 770:773 arg1 contact 786:792 good electrical contact 770:792 good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface 770:853 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 8 11 dep matrix 1273:1278 arg1 decreasing 1284:1293 decreasing 1284:1293 decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm 1284:1332 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 6 12 theme based 901:905 arg1 electrode 907:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 3 13 theme Trametes 446:453 arg1 versicolor 455:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 10 14 theme preconditioning 1588:1602 arg1 24h 1581:1583 24h 1581:1583 24h of preconditioning 1581:1602 After 24h of preconditioning the matrix was recharged and the device output reached the power, 2.1mWcm(-2) and OCV, 0.59V. 26936112 5 15 theme electrical 775:784 arg1 contact 786:792 good electrical contact 770:792 good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface 770:853 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 6 16 theme composite 891:899 arg1 electrode 907:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 8 17 theme cell 1369:1372 arg1 output 1380:1385 the biofuel cell power output 1357:1385 the biofuel cell power output 1357:1385 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 4 18 theme pH 627:628 arg1 conditions 630:639 mild pH conditions 622:639 mild pH conditions 622:639 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film exhibited pseudocapacitive properties under mild pH conditions. 26936112 5 19 theme efficient 726:734 arg1 adsorption 736:745 highly efficient adsorption 719:745 highly efficient adsorption of enzyme 719:755 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 7 20 theme reduction 1201:1209 arg1 density 1219:1225 dioxygen reduction current density 1192:1225 dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2) 1192:1238 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 21 theme cellulose/polypyrrole 869:889 arg1 electrode 907:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 8 22 theme power 1374:1378 arg1 output 1380:1385 the biofuel cell power output 1357:1385 the biofuel cell power output 1357:1385 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 8 23 theme output 1380:1385 arg1 improvement 1342:1352 improvement 1342:1352 improvement of the biofuel cell power output 1342:1385 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 8 23 theme output 1380:1385 arg1 ability 1408:1414 its regeneration ability 1391:1414 its regeneration ability 1391:1414 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 4 24 theme mild 622:625 arg1 conditions 630:639 mild pH conditions 622:639 mild pH conditions 622:639 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film exhibited pseudocapacitive properties under mild pH conditions. 26936112 8 25 theme matrix 1273:1278 arg1 Application 1241:1251 Application 1241:1251 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm 1241:1332 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 3 26 theme entrapped 428:436 arg1 versicolor 455:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 1 27 theme Enzymatic 109:117 arg1 electrodes 119:128 Enzymatic electrodes 109:128 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite 109:201 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 6 28 theme modified 860:867 arg1 electrode 907:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 3 29 theme anode 484:488 arg1 bioelectrocatalysts 502:520 the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts 480:520 bioelectrocatalysts 502:520 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 5 30 theme enzymatic 806:814 arg1 sites 823:827 the enzymatic active sites 802:827 the enzymatic active sites 802:827 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 6 31 theme fructose 964:971 arg1 oxidation 973:981 mediatorless fructose oxidation 951:981 mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2) 951:1034 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 0 32 theme pseudocapacitive 23:38 arg1 composite 62:70 pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite 23:70 pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite 23:70 Bioelectrodes based on pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite improve performance of biofuel cell. 26936112 5 33 theme enzyme 750:755 arg1 adsorption 736:745 highly efficient adsorption 719:745 highly efficient adsorption of enzyme 719:755 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 8 34 theme regeneration 1395:1406 arg1 ability 1408:1414 its regeneration ability 1391:1414 its regeneration ability 1391:1414 Application of pseudocapacitive matrix and decreasing the distance between electrodes to 1mm lead to improvement of the biofuel cell power output and its regeneration ability. 26936112 1 35 with electrodes 119:128 arg1 capacitance 149:159 high internal capacitance 135:159 high internal capacitance 135:159 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 3 36 theme cellulose/polypyrrole 341:361 arg1 matrix 363:368 the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix 337:368 the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix 337:368 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 1 37 theme high 135:138 arg1 capacitance 149:159 high internal capacitance 135:159 high internal capacitance 135:159 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 1 38 theme improved 241:248 arg1 cell 265:268 improved enzymatic fuel cell 241:268 improved enzymatic fuel cell 241:268 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 4 39 theme composite 563:571 arg1 film 573:576 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 537:576 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 537:576 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film exhibited pseudocapacitive properties under mild pH conditions. 26936112 2 40 theme dehydrogenase 280:292 arg1 sp 308:309 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp 271:309 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp. 271:310 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp. 26936112 1 41 theme enzymatic 250:258 arg1 cell 265:268 improved enzymatic fuel cell 241:268 improved enzymatic fuel cell 241:268 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 0 42 theme cellulose/polypyrrole 40:60 arg1 composite 62:70 pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite 23:70 pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite 23:70 Bioelectrodes based on pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite improve performance of biofuel cell. 26936112 9 43 theme open 1537:1540 arg1 voltage 1550:1556 open circuit voltage 1537:1556 open circuit voltage 1537:1556 The power of the cell was found to increase by introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow. 26936112 4 44 theme pseudocapacitive 588:603 arg1 properties 605:614 pseudocapacitive properties 588:614 pseudocapacitive properties 588:614 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film exhibited pseudocapacitive properties under mild pH conditions. 26936112 2 45 theme Fructose 271:278 arg1 sp 308:309 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp 271:309 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp. 271:310 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp. 26936112 5 46 theme composite 692:700 arg1 material 702:709 the composite material 688:709 the composite material 688:709 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 1 47 theme fuel 260:263 arg1 cell 265:268 improved enzymatic fuel cell 241:268 improved enzymatic fuel cell 241:268 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 9 48 theme circuit 1542:1548 arg1 voltage 1550:1556 open circuit voltage 1537:1556 open circuit voltage 1537:1556 The power of the cell was found to increase by introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow. 26936112 5 49 theme electrode 837:845 arg1 surface 847:853 the electrode surface 833:853 the electrode surface 833:853 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 7 50 theme 2mAcm 1230:1234 arg1 density 1219:1225 dioxygen reduction current density 1192:1225 dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2) 1192:1238 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 1 51 theme internal 140:147 arg1 capacitance 149:159 high internal capacitance 135:159 high internal capacitance 135:159 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 3 52 theme cathode 494:500 arg1 bioelectrocatalysts 502:520 the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts 480:520 bioelectrocatalysts 502:520 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 3 53 theme immobilized 394:404 arg1 versicolor 455:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 7 54 theme current 1211:1217 arg1 density 1219:1225 dioxygen reduction current density 1192:1225 dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2) 1192:1238 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 9 55 theme cell 1434:1437 arg1 power 1421:1425 The power 1417:1425 The power of the cell 1417:1437 The power of the cell was found to increase by introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow. 26936112 6 56 theme mediatorless 951:962 arg1 oxidation 973:981 mediatorless fructose oxidation 951:981 mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2) 951:1034 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 5 57 with modification 652:663 arg1 groups 681:686 carboxylic groups 670:686 carboxylic groups 670:686 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 6 58 theme current 1006:1012 arg1 12.8mAcm 1023:1030 12.8mAcm(-2) 1023:1034 12.8mAcm(-2) 1023:1034 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 58 theme current 1006:1012 arg1 density 1014:1020 large catalytic current density 990:1020 large catalytic current density 990:1020 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 59 used used 921:924 arg2 electrode 907:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode 856:915 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 9 60 theme fuel 1564:1567 arg1 flow 1569:1572 fuel flow 1564:1572 fuel flow 1564:1572 The power of the cell was found to increase by introduction of a preconditioning step during which the cell was kept at open circuit voltage under fuel flow. 26936112 4 61 theme cellulose/polypyrrole 541:561 arg1 film 573:576 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 537:576 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film 537:576 The cellulose/polypyrrole composite film exhibited pseudocapacitive properties under mild pH conditions. 26936112 1 62 used utilized 222:229 arg2 electrodes 119:128 Enzymatic electrodes 109:128 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite 109:201 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 7 63 theme dioxygen 1192:1199 arg1 density 1219:1225 dioxygen reduction current density 1192:1225 dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2) 1192:1238 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 64 theme large 990:994 arg1 12.8mAcm 1023:1030 12.8mAcm(-2) 1023:1034 12.8mAcm(-2) 1023:1034 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 6 64 theme large 990:994 arg1 density 1014:1020 large catalytic current density 990:1020 large catalytic current density 990:1020 The modified cellulose/polypyrrole composite based electrode was used for the anode leading to mediatorless fructose oxidation giving large catalytic current density, 12.8mAcm(-2). 26936112 0 65 theme biofuel 95:101 arg1 cell 103:106 biofuel cell 95:106 biofuel cell 95:106 Bioelectrodes based on pseudocapacitive cellulose/polypyrrole composite improve performance of biofuel cell. 26936112 5 66 theme carboxylic 670:679 arg1 groups 681:686 carboxylic groups 670:686 carboxylic groups 670:686 Following modification with carboxylic groups the composite material enabled highly efficient adsorption of enzyme and provided good electrical contact between the enzymatic active sites and the electrode surface. 26936112 3 67 theme Laccase 438:444 arg1 versicolor 455:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor 374:464 specifically adsorbed on the cellulose/polypyrrole matrix and electrophoretically immobilized and electrochemically entrapped Laccase Trametes versicolor, were used as the anode and cathode bioelectrocatalysts, respectively. 26936112 2 68 theme Gluconobacter 294:306 arg1 sp 308:309 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp 271:309 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp. 271:310 Fructose dehydrogenase Gluconobacter sp. 26936112 1 69 theme cellulose/polypyrrole 171:191 arg1 composite 193:201 cellulose/polypyrrole composite 171:201 cellulose/polypyrrole composite 171:201 Enzymatic electrodes with high internal capacitance, based on cellulose/polypyrrole composite were optimized and utilized to design improved enzymatic fuel cell. 26936112 7 70 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic 1064:1097 arg1 acid 1099:1102 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid 1064:1102 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid 1064:1102 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 26936112 7 70 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic 1064:1097 arg1 Laccase 1037:1043 Laccase 1037:1043 Laccase 1037:1043 Laccase and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as the mediator entrapped in the cellulose/polypyrrole composite film generated dioxygen reduction current density of 2mAcm(-2). 25241280 0 0 theme study 96:100 arg1 distribution 49:60 fiber-round-hole distribution 32:60 fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study 32:100 Hole-pin joining structure with fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study. 25241280 4 1 from force 604:608 arg1 distribution 648:659 the fiber-round-hole distribution 627:659 the fiber-round-hole distribution 627:659 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 7 2 theme composite 1469:1477 arg1 specimens 1479:1487 the biomimetic composite specimens 1454:1487 the biomimetic composite specimens 1454:1487 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 7 3 theme biomimetic 1458:1467 arg1 specimens 1479:1487 the biomimetic composite specimens 1454:1487 the biomimetic composite specimens 1454:1487 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 5 4 theme pullout 889:895 arg1 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 4 theme pullout 889:895 arg1 force 897:901 the maximum pullout force 877:901 the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution 877:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 3 5 from round 527:531 arg1 structure 444:452 this joining structure 431:452 this joining structure 431:452 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 6 theme biomimetic 1660:1669 arg1 specimens 1681:1689 the biomimetic composite specimens 1656:1689 the biomimetic composite specimens 1656:1689 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 0 7 theme biomimetic 85:94 arg1 study 96:100 biomimetic study 85:100 biomimetic study 85:100 Hole-pin joining structure with fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study. 25241280 8 8 with specimens 1794:1802 arg1 distribution 1834:1845 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1809:1845 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1809:1845 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 9 theme scanning 165:172 arg1 SEM 195:197 SEM 195:197 SEM 195:197 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 1 9 theme scanning 165:172 arg1 microscope 183:192 scanning electron microscope 165:192 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 165:198 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 5 10 theme maximum 1121:1127 arg1 forces 1137:1142 the maximum pullout forces 1117:1142 the maximum pullout forces of the fibers 1117:1156 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 11 from force 897:901 arg1 distribution 941:952 the fiber-round-hole distribution 920:952 the fiber-round-hole distribution 920:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 12 theme maximum 881:887 arg1 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 12 theme maximum 881:887 arg1 force 897:901 the maximum pullout force 877:901 the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution 877:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 1 13 theme chitin 253:258 arg1 fibers 260:265 chitin fibers 253:265 chitin fibers 253:265 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 6 14 theme special 1358:1364 arg1 mold 1366:1369 a special mold 1356:1369 a special mold 1356:1369 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 7 15 theme composite 1542:1550 arg1 specimens 1552:1560 the conventional composite specimens 1525:1560 the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1525:1603 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 16 from fibers 775:780 arg1 distribution 806:817 non-fiber-round-hole distribution 785:817 non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models 785:854 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 8 17 theme composite 1671:1679 arg1 specimens 1681:1689 the biomimetic composite specimens 1656:1689 the biomimetic composite specimens 1656:1689 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 18 with toughness 1643:1651 arg1 distribution 1717:1728 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1696:1728 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1696:1728 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 5 19 from fibers 995:1000 arg1 distribution 1030:1041 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1005:1041 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1005:1041 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 20 theme fiber 1187:1191 arg1 distributions 1193:1205 the fiber distributions 1183:1205 the fiber distributions 1183:1205 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 7 21 theme specimens 1479:1487 arg1 toughness 1441:1449 The fracture toughness 1428:1449 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens 1428:1487 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 22 theme representative 834:847 arg1 models 849:854 their representative models 828:854 their representative models 828:854 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 4 23 theme fibers 617:622 arg1 force 604:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 4 23 theme fibers 617:622 arg1 related 679:685 related 679:685 related 679:685 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 6 24 located found 1254:1258 arg1 cuticle 1267:1273 the cuticle 1263:1273 the cuticle 1263:1273 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 6 24 located found 1254:1258 arg2 distribution 1241:1252 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1220:1252 the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle 1220:1273 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 25 theme electron 174:181 arg1 SEM 195:197 SEM 195:197 SEM 195:197 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 1 25 theme electron 174:181 arg1 microscope 183:192 scanning electron microscope 165:192 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 165:198 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 7 26 theme non-fiber-round-hole 1571:1590 arg1 distribution 1592:1603 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1567:1603 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1567:1603 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 27 with matrix 289:294 arg1 structure 329:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 7 28 theme fracture 1432:1439 arg1 toughness 1441:1449 The fracture toughness 1428:1449 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens 1428:1487 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 29 theme conventional 1771:1782 arg1 specimens 1794:1802 the conventional composite specimens 1767:1802 the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1767:1845 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 2 30 theme hole-pin 385:392 arg1 structure 402:410 a hole-pin joining structure 383:410 a hole-pin joining structure in the cuticle 383:425 The SEM images also indicate that there is a hole-pin joining structure in the cuticle. 25241280 5 31 theme larger 1096:1101 arg1 difference 1103:1112 a larger difference 1094:1112 a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions 1094:1205 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 6 32 theme fiber-round-hole 1224:1239 arg1 distribution 1241:1252 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1220:1252 the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle 1220:1273 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 33 theme fracture 1634:1641 arg1 toughness 1643:1651 the fracture toughness 1630:1651 the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution 1630:1728 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 33 theme fracture 1634:1641 arg1 larger 1747:1752 larger 1747:1752 larger 1747:1752 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 34 from distribution 648:659 arg1 force 604:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 4 34 from distribution 648:659 arg1 related 679:685 related 679:685 related 679:685 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 6 35 theme fiber-round-hole 1397:1412 arg1 distribution 1414:1425 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1393:1425 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1393:1425 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 5 36 theme fibers 1151:1156 arg1 forces 1137:1142 the maximum pullout forces 1117:1142 the maximum pullout forces of the fibers 1117:1156 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 3 37 theme fiber-round-hole 553:568 arg1 distribution 570:581 a fiber-round-hole distribution 551:581 a fiber-round-hole distribution 551:581 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 6 38 with specimens 1286:1294 arg1 distribution 1322:1333 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1301:1333 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1301:1333 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 39 theme sclerotic-protein 271:287 arg1 matrix 289:294 sclerotic-protein matrix 271:294 sclerotic-protein matrix 271:294 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 8 40 theme composite 1784:1792 arg1 specimens 1794:1802 the conventional composite specimens 1767:1802 the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1767:1845 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 41 theme cuticle 720:726 arg1 toughness 703:711 the fracture toughness 690:711 the fracture toughness of the cuticle 690:726 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 5 42 theme fiber-round-hole 924:939 arg1 distribution 941:952 the fiber-round-hole distribution 920:952 the fiber-round-hole distribution 920:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 7 43 with specimens 1552:1560 arg1 distribution 1592:1603 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1567:1603 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1567:1603 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 3 44 theme chitin 459:464 arg1 fibers 466:471 the chitin fibers 455:471 the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes 455:512 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 45 theme fracture 694:701 arg1 toughness 703:711 the fracture toughness 690:711 the fracture toughness of the cuticle 690:726 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 5 46 from difference 1103:1112 arg1 forces 1137:1142 the maximum pullout forces 1117:1142 the maximum pullout forces of the fibers 1117:1156 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 4 47 from fibers 617:622 arg1 distribution 648:659 the fiber-round-hole distribution 627:659 the fiber-round-hole distribution 627:659 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 4 48 theme fiber-round-hole 631:646 arg1 distribution 648:659 the fiber-round-hole distribution 627:659 the fiber-round-hole distribution 627:659 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 2 49 theme joining 394:400 arg1 structure 402:410 a hole-pin joining structure 383:410 a hole-pin joining structure in the cuticle 383:425 The SEM images also indicate that there is a hole-pin joining structure in the cuticle. 25241280 1 50 theme hierarchical 301:312 arg1 structure 329:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 0 51 theme fiber-round-hole 32:47 arg1 distribution 49:60 fiber-round-hole distribution 32:60 fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study 32:100 Hole-pin joining structure with fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study. 25241280 7 52 theme conventional 1529:1540 arg1 specimens 1552:1560 the conventional composite specimens 1525:1560 the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1525:1603 The fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens is tested and compared with that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 53 theme non-fiber-round-hole 785:804 arg1 distribution 806:817 non-fiber-round-hole distribution 785:817 non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models 785:854 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 5 54 from fibers 910:915 arg1 distribution 941:952 the fiber-round-hole distribution 920:952 the fiber-round-hole distribution 920:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 0 55 theme lobster 65:71 arg1 cuticle 73:79 lobster cuticle 65:79 lobster cuticle 65:79 Hole-pin joining structure with fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study. 25241280 5 56 theme pullout 1129:1135 arg1 forces 1137:1142 the maximum pullout forces 1117:1142 the maximum pullout forces of the fibers 1117:1156 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 57 theme hole 1078:1081 arg1 diameter 1062:1069 a larger diameter 1053:1069 a larger diameter of the hole 1053:1081 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 1 58 with fibers 260:265 arg1 structure 329:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 1 59 theme cuticle 123:129 arg1 Observations 103:114 Observations 103:114 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) 103:198 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 6 60 theme fiber-round-hole 1305:1320 arg1 distribution 1322:1333 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1301:1333 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1301:1333 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 61 theme helicoidal 318:327 arg1 structure 329:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 hierarchical and helicoidal structure 301:337 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 4 62 theme maximum 588:594 arg1 force 604:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 4 62 theme maximum 588:594 arg1 related 679:685 related 679:685 related 679:685 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 2 63 theme SEM 344:346 arg1 images 348:353 The SEM images 340:353 The SEM images 340:353 The SEM images also indicate that there is a hole-pin joining structure in the cuticle. 25241280 5 64 from distribution 941:952 arg1 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 64 from distribution 941:952 arg1 force 897:901 the maximum pullout force 877:901 the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution 877:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 3 65 from fibers 466:471 arg1 neighborhood 480:491 the neighborhood 476:491 the neighborhood of the joining holes 476:512 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 66 theme fiber-round-hole 1700:1715 arg1 distribution 1717:1728 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1696:1728 the fiber-round-hole distribution 1696:1728 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 5 67 theme non-fiber-round-hole 1009:1028 arg1 distribution 1030:1041 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1005:1041 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1005:1041 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 68 theme fibers 910:915 arg1 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 larger 971:976 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 68 theme fibers 910:915 arg1 force 897:901 the maximum pullout force 877:901 the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution 877:952 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 5 69 theme distributions 1193:1205 arg1 kinds 1174:1178 the two kinds 1166:1178 the two kinds of the fiber distributions 1166:1205 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 6 70 theme composite 1276:1284 arg1 specimens 1286:1294 composite specimens 1276:1294 composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution 1276:1333 Inspired by the fiber-round-hole distribution found in the cuticle, composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution were fabricated with a special mold and process to mirror the fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 71 theme Lobster 151:157 arg1 cuticle 123:129 the cuticle 119:129 the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) 119:198 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 8 72 theme non-fiber-round-hole 1813:1832 arg1 distribution 1834:1845 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1809:1845 the non-fiber-round-hole distribution 1809:1845 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 4 73 theme pullout 596:602 arg1 force 604:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force 584:608 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 4 73 theme pullout 596:602 arg1 related 679:685 related 679:685 related 679:685 The maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the cuticle, is investigated and compared with that of the fibers in non-fiber-round-hole distribution based on their representative models. 25241280 5 74 theme larger 1055:1060 arg1 diameter 1062:1069 a larger diameter 1053:1069 a larger diameter of the hole 1053:1081 It is revealed that the maximum pullout force of the fibers in the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the fibers in the non-fiber-round-hole distribution, and that a larger diameter of the hole results in a larger difference in the maximum pullout forces of the fibers between the two kinds of the fiber distributions. 25241280 2 75 from structure 402:410 arg1 cuticle 419:425 the cuticle 415:425 the cuticle 415:425 The SEM images also indicate that there is a hole-pin joining structure in the cuticle. 25241280 3 76 theme joining 500:506 arg1 holes 508:512 the joining holes 496:512 the joining holes 496:512 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 3 77 theme joining 436:442 arg1 structure 444:452 this joining structure 431:452 this joining structure 431:452 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 1 78 theme natural 218:224 arg1 biocomposite 226:237 a natural biocomposite 216:237 a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure 216:337 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 1 78 theme natural 218:224 arg1 it 210:211 it 210:211 it 210:211 Observations of the cuticle of the Boston Spiny Lobster using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that it is a natural biocomposite consisting of chitin fibers and sclerotic-protein matrix with hierarchical and helicoidal structure. 25241280 0 79 theme cuticle 73:79 arg1 distribution 49:60 fiber-round-hole distribution 32:60 fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study 32:100 Hole-pin joining structure with fiber-round-hole distribution of lobster cuticle and biomimetic study. 25241280 3 80 theme holes 508:512 arg1 neighborhood 480:491 the neighborhood 476:491 the neighborhood of the joining holes 476:512 In this joining structure, the chitin fibers in the neighborhood of the joining holes continuously round the holes to form a fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 81 theme specimens 1681:1689 arg1 toughness 1643:1651 the fracture toughness 1630:1651 the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution 1630:1728 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25241280 8 81 theme specimens 1681:1689 arg1 larger 1747:1752 larger 1747:1752 larger 1747:1752 It is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite specimens with the fiber-round-hole distribution is significantly larger than that of the conventional composite specimens with the non-fiber-round-hole distribution. 25646318 0 0 theme wall 92:95 arg1 components 97:106 cell wall components 87:106 cell wall components 87:106 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 5 1 theme walls 749:753 arg1 thickness 704:712 the thickness 700:712 the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls 700:753 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 5 2 theme stem 646:649 arg1 rate 620:623 the expansion rate 606:623 the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem 606:649 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 7 3 theme motile 996:1001 arg1 density 1003:1009 motile density 996:1009 motile density 996:1009 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 7 4 theme protein-tagged 891:904 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 9 5 theme wall 1409:1412 arg1 production 1414:1423 cell wall production 1404:1423 cell wall production 1404:1423 Based on our results, we propose that FRA1 contributes to cell wall production by transporting Golgi-derived vesicles along cortical microtubules for secretion. 25646318 0 6 theme cell 87:90 arg1 components 97:106 cell wall components 87:106 cell wall components 87:106 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 4 7 theme family 538:543 arg1 member 545:550 the kinesin-4 family member 524:550 the kinesin-4 family member 524:550 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 4 7 theme family 538:543 arg1 Fiber1 561:566 Fragile Fiber1 553:566 Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1) 553:573 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 7 8 theme triple 866:871 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 8 9 contain has 1285:1287 arg1 mutant 1278:1283 the mutant 1274:1283 the mutant 1274:1283 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 8 9 contain has 1285:1287 arg2 bodies 1295:1300 Golgi bodies 1289:1300 Golgi bodies 1289:1300 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 3 10 theme vesicles 378:385 arg1 trafficking 363:373 The trafficking 359:373 The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components 359:417 The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components is thought to depend on actin-myosin. 25646318 4 11 theme kinesin-4 528:536 arg1 member 545:550 the kinesin-4 family member 524:550 the kinesin-4 family member 524:550 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 4 11 theme kinesin-4 528:536 arg1 Fiber1 561:566 Fragile Fiber1 553:566 Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1) 553:573 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 7 12 theme green 873:877 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 0 13 theme components 97:106 arg1 trafficking 72:82 cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking 42:82 cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components 42:106 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 8 14 theme FRA1 1051:1054 arg1 Motility 1039:1046 Motility 1039:1046 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes 1039:1087 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 6 15 contain have 791:794 arg1 walls 775:779 cell walls 770:779 cell walls in fra1-5 770:789 Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. 25646318 6 15 contain have 791:794 arg2 ultrastructure 837:850 ultrastructure 837:850 ultrastructure 837:850 Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. 25646318 6 15 contain have 791:794 arg2 composition 821:831 composition 821:831 composition 821:831 Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. 25646318 8 16 theme fewer 1307:1311 arg1 cisternae 1313:1321 fewer cisternae 1307:1321 fewer cisternae 1307:1321 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 5 17 theme primary 722:728 arg1 walls 749:753 both primary and secondary cell walls 717:753 both primary and secondary cell walls 717:753 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 8 18 theme synthase 1070:1077 arg1 complexes 1079:1087 cellulose synthase complexes 1060:1087 cellulose synthase complexes 1060:1087 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 5 19 theme expansion 610:618 arg1 rate 620:623 the expansion rate 606:623 the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem 606:649 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 7 20 theme functional 855:864 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 9 21 theme Golgi-derived 1441:1453 arg1 vesicles 1455:1462 Golgi-derived vesicles 1441:1462 Golgi-derived vesicles 1441:1462 Based on our results, we propose that FRA1 contributes to cell wall production by transporting Golgi-derived vesicles along cortical microtubules for secretion. 25646318 8 22 theme cellulose 1060:1068 arg1 complexes 1079:1087 cellulose synthase complexes 1060:1087 cellulose synthase complexes 1060:1087 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 7 23 theme cortical 951:958 arg1 microtubules 960:971 cortical microtubules 951:971 cortical microtubules 951:971 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 2 24 theme matrix 283:288 arg1 polysaccharides 290:304 matrix polysaccharides 283:304 matrix polysaccharides 283:304 Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted. 25646318 0 25 theme fragile 4:10 arg1 kinesin 19:25 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin 0:25 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin 0:25 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 8 26 theme cellulose 1154:1162 arg1 biosynthesis 1164:1175 cellulose biosynthesis 1154:1175 cellulose biosynthesis 1154:1175 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 9 27 link Golgi-derived 1441:1453 arg1 vesicles 1455:1462 Golgi-derived vesicles 1441:1462 Golgi-derived vesicles 1441:1462 Based on our results, we propose that FRA1 contributes to cell wall production by transporting Golgi-derived vesicles along cortical microtubules for secretion. 25646318 6 28 theme cell 770:773 arg1 walls 775:779 cell walls 770:779 cell walls in fra1-5 770:789 Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. 25646318 1 29 theme hemicellulose 186:198 arg1 matrix 176:181 a matrix 174:181 a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin 174:209 The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin. 25646318 8 30 theme secretion 1191:1199 arg1 rate 1201:1204 the secretion rate 1187:1204 the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin 1187:1236 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 5 31 theme inflorescence 632:644 arg1 stem 646:649 the inflorescence stem 628:649 the inflorescence stem 628:649 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 5 32 theme fra1-5 582:587 arg1 mutant 598:603 an fra1-5 knockout mutant 579:603 an fra1-5 knockout mutant 579:603 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 2 33 theme Golgi 329:333 arg1 apparatus 335:343 the Golgi apparatus 325:343 the Golgi apparatus 325:343 Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted. 25646318 9 34 theme cortical 1470:1477 arg1 microtubules 1479:1490 cortical microtubules 1470:1490 cortical microtubules for secretion 1470:1504 Based on our results, we propose that FRA1 contributes to cell wall production by transporting Golgi-derived vesicles along cortical microtubules for secretion. 25646318 3 35 theme cell 398:401 arg1 components 408:417 cell wall components 398:417 cell wall components 398:417 The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components is thought to depend on actin-myosin. 25646318 5 36 theme knockout 589:596 arg1 mutant 598:603 an fra1-5 knockout mutant 579:603 an fra1-5 knockout mutant 579:603 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 2 37 dep synthesized 239:249 arg1 whereas 275:281 whereas 275:281 whereas 275:281 Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted. 25646318 3 38 theme wall 403:406 arg1 components 408:417 cell wall components 398:417 cell wall components 398:417 The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components is thought to depend on actin-myosin. 25646318 1 39 theme cell 113:116 arg1 wall 118:121 The cell wall 109:121 The cell wall 109:121 The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin. 25646318 8 40 theme Golgi 1289:1293 arg1 bodies 1295:1300 Golgi bodies 1289:1300 Golgi bodies 1289:1300 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 6 41 from walls 775:779 arg1 fra1-5 784:789 fra1-5 784:789 fra1-5 784:789 Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. 25646318 0 42 theme Fiber1 12:17 arg1 kinesin 19:25 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin 0:25 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin 0:25 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 8 43 theme pectin 1231:1236 arg1 rate 1201:1204 the secretion rate 1187:1204 the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin 1187:1236 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 8 44 theme fucose-alkyne-labeled 1209:1229 arg1 pectin 1231:1236 fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin 1209:1236 fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin 1209:1236 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 0 45 theme microtubule-mediated 51:70 arg1 trafficking 72:82 cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking 42:82 cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components 42:106 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 4 46 theme member 545:550 arg1 studies 513:519 studies 513:519 studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1) 513:573 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 0 47 theme cortical 42:49 arg1 trafficking 72:82 cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking 42:82 cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components 42:106 The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. 25646318 3 48 contain containing 387:396 arg1 vesicles 378:385 vesicles 378:385 vesicles containing cell wall components 378:417 The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components is thought to depend on actin-myosin. 25646318 3 48 contain containing 387:396 arg2 components 408:417 cell wall components 398:417 cell wall components 398:417 The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components is thought to depend on actin-myosin. 25646318 4 49 theme Fragile 553:559 arg1 FRA1 569:572 FRA1 569:572 FRA1 569:572 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 4 49 theme Fragile 553:559 arg1 member 545:550 the kinesin-4 family member 524:550 the kinesin-4 family member 524:550 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 4 49 theme Fragile 553:559 arg1 Fiber1 561:566 Fragile Fiber1 553:566 Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1) 553:573 Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). 25646318 5 50 theme wild 679:682 arg1 type 684:687 the wild type 675:687 the wild type 675:687 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 2 51 theme Cellulose 212:220 arg1 microfibrils 222:233 Cellulose microfibrils 212:233 Cellulose microfibrils 212:233 Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted. 25646318 7 52 theme growth 1026:1031 arg1 rate 1033:1036 growth rate 1026:1036 growth rate 1026:1036 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 6 53 theme unaltered 811:819 arg1 composition 821:831 composition 821:831 composition 821:831 Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. 25646318 1 54 theme cellulose 135:143 arg1 microfibrils 145:156 cellulose microfibrils 135:156 cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin 135:209 The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin. 25646318 7 55 theme FRA1 906:909 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 5 56 theme secondary 734:742 arg1 walls 749:753 both primary and secondary cell walls 717:753 both primary and secondary cell walls 717:753 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 8 57 theme complexes 1079:1087 arg1 Motility 1039:1046 Motility 1039:1046 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes 1039:1087 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 1 58 theme pectin 204:209 arg1 matrix 176:181 a matrix 174:181 a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin 174:209 The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin. 25646318 8 59 theme enlarged 1327:1334 arg1 vesicles 1336:1343 enlarged vesicles 1327:1343 enlarged vesicles 1327:1343 Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. 25646318 7 60 theme fusion 911:916 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 5 61 theme cell 744:747 arg1 walls 749:753 both primary and secondary cell walls 717:753 both primary and secondary cell walls 717:753 In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. 25646318 2 62 theme plasma 258:263 arg1 membrane 265:272 the plasma membrane 254:272 the plasma membrane 254:272 Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted. 25646318 1 63 theme embedded 158:165 arg1 microfibrils 145:156 cellulose microfibrils 135:156 cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin 135:209 The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin. 25646318 7 64 theme fluorescent 879:889 arg1 protein 918:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein 853:924 A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. 25646318 9 65 theme cell 1404:1407 arg1 production 1414:1423 cell wall production 1404:1423 cell wall production 1404:1423 Based on our results, we propose that FRA1 contributes to cell wall production by transporting Golgi-derived vesicles along cortical microtubules for secretion. 27542482 5 0 theme starch 507:512 arg1 amount 489:494 the amount 485:494 the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours 485:542 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 5 0 theme starch 507:512 arg1 starch 507:512 damaged starch 499:512 damaged starch 499:512 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 1 1 theme barley 137:142 arg1 flours 152:157 Finer barley and rye flours 131:157 Finer barley and rye flours 131:157 Finer barley and rye flours were produced by jet milling at two feed rates. 27542482 7 2 theme jet 702:704 arg1 milling 706:712 jet milling 702:712 jet milling 702:712 The solvent retention capacity profile was also affected by jet milling. 27542482 2 3 theme flours 319:324 arg1 composition 246:256 composition 246:256 composition 246:256 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 2 3 theme flours 319:324 arg1 properties 301:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties 262:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours 262:324 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 8 4 theme greater 754:760 arg1 activity 774:781 greater antioxidant activity 754:781 greater antioxidant activity 754:781 Barley was richer in phenolics and had greater antioxidant activity than rye. 27542482 0 5 theme mechanical 83:92 arg1 properties 94:103 mechanical properties 83:103 mechanical properties 83:103 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 6 from Influence 0:8 arg1 physicochemical 63:77 physicochemical 63:77 physicochemical 63:77 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 6 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 94:103 mechanical properties 83:103 mechanical properties 83:103 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 6 from Influence 0:8 arg1 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 6 7 theme particle 583:590 arg1 size 592:595 decreased particle size 573:595 decreased particle size 573:595 True density increased with decreased particle size whereas porosity and bulk density increased. 27542482 5 8 theme Jet 463:465 arg1 milling 467:473 Jet milling 463:473 Jet milling 463:473 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 11 9 theme flour 1010:1014 arg1 gels 1016:1019 Barley flour gels 1003:1019 Barley flour gels 1003:1019 Barley flour gels were stronger, firmer and more elastic than the rye ones. 27542482 2 10 theme size 238:241 arg1 effect 211:216 The effect 207:216 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours 207:324 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 5 11 from amount 489:494 arg1 flours 537:542 both rye and barley flours 517:542 both rye and barley flours 517:542 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 1 12 theme rye 148:150 arg1 flours 152:157 Finer barley and rye flours 131:157 Finer barley and rye flours 131:157 Finer barley and rye flours were produced by jet milling at two feed rates. 27542482 6 13 theme True 545:548 arg1 density 550:556 True density 545:556 True density 545:556 True density increased with decreased particle size whereas porosity and bulk density increased. 27542482 5 14 theme barley 530:535 arg1 flours 537:542 both rye and barley flours 517:542 both rye and barley flours 517:542 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 2 15 theme particle 229:236 arg1 size 238:241 reduced particle size 221:241 reduced particle size 221:241 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 6 16 theme decreased 573:581 arg1 size 592:595 decreased particle size 573:595 decreased particle size 573:595 True density increased with decreased particle size whereas porosity and bulk density increased. 27542482 9 17 theme rye 816:818 arg1 flours 831:836 both rye and barley flours 811:836 both rye and barley flours when subjected to jet milling 811:866 Regarding colour, both rye and barley flours when subjected to jet milling became brighter, whereas their yellowness was not altered significantly. 27542482 8 18 contain had 750:752 arg1 Barley 715:720 Barley 715:720 Barley 715:720 Barley was richer in phenolics and had greater antioxidant activity than rye. 27542482 8 18 contain had 750:752 arg2 activity 774:781 greater antioxidant activity 754:781 greater antioxidant activity 754:781 Barley was richer in phenolics and had greater antioxidant activity than rye. 27542482 8 19 theme antioxidant 762:772 arg1 activity 774:781 greater antioxidant activity 754:781 greater antioxidant activity 754:781 Barley was richer in phenolics and had greater antioxidant activity than rye. 27542482 3 20 theme granules 388:395 arg1 size 376:379 the size 372:379 the size of the granules 372:395 Moisture content decreased as the size of the granules decreased. 27542482 2 21 theme physicochemical 270:284 arg1 properties 301:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties 262:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours 262:324 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 2 22 from effect 211:216 arg1 composition 246:256 composition 246:256 composition 246:256 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 2 22 from effect 211:216 arg1 properties 301:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties 262:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours 262:324 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 0 23 theme milling 17:23 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 0:129 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 9 24 theme barley 824:829 arg1 flours 831:836 both rye and barley flours 811:836 both rye and barley flours when subjected to jet milling 811:866 Regarding colour, both rye and barley flours when subjected to jet milling became brighter, whereas their yellowness was not altered significantly. 27542482 0 25 dep composition 50:60 arg1 the 46:48 the 46:48 the 46:48 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 11 26 theme rye 1069:1071 arg1 ones 1073:1076 the rye ones 1065:1076 the rye ones 1065:1076 Barley flour gels were stronger, firmer and more elastic than the rye ones. 27542482 0 27 theme jet 13:15 arg1 milling 17:23 jet milling 13:23 jet milling 13:23 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 28 theme barley 108:113 arg1 physicochemical 63:77 physicochemical 63:77 physicochemical 63:77 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 28 theme barley 108:113 arg1 properties 94:103 mechanical properties 83:103 mechanical properties 83:103 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 28 theme barley 108:113 arg1 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 10 29 theme % 997:997 arg1 concentration 962:974 The minimum gelation concentration 941:974 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours 941:989 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours was 16%w/v. 27542482 10 29 theme % 997:997 arg1 w/v 998:1000 16%w/v 995:1000 16%w/v 995:1000 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours was 16%w/v. 27542482 0 30 dep barley 108:113 arg1 flours 123:128 flours 123:128 flours 123:128 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 1 31 theme jet 176:178 arg1 milling 180:186 jet milling 176:186 jet milling 176:186 Finer barley and rye flours were produced by jet milling at two feed rates. 27542482 0 32 theme particle 29:36 arg1 size 38:41 particle size 29:41 particle size 29:41 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 10 33 theme minimum 945:951 arg1 concentration 962:974 The minimum gelation concentration 941:974 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours 941:989 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours was 16%w/v. 27542482 10 33 theme minimum 945:951 arg1 w/v 998:1000 16%w/v 995:1000 16%w/v 995:1000 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours was 16%w/v. 27542482 0 34 theme rye 119:121 arg1 physicochemical 63:77 physicochemical 63:77 physicochemical 63:77 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 34 theme rye 119:121 arg1 properties 94:103 mechanical properties 83:103 mechanical properties 83:103 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 0 34 theme rye 119:121 arg1 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 composition 50:60 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 4 35 theme protein 431:437 arg1 contents 439:446 protein contents 431:446 protein contents 431:446 Differences on ash and protein contents were observed. 27542482 3 36 theme Moisture 342:349 arg1 content 351:357 Moisture content 342:357 Moisture content 342:357 Moisture content decreased as the size of the granules decreased. 27542482 4 37 from Differences 408:418 arg1 ash 423:425 ash 423:425 ash 423:425 Differences on ash and protein contents were observed. 27542482 4 37 from Differences 408:418 arg1 contents 439:446 protein contents 431:446 protein contents 431:446 Differences on ash and protein contents were observed. 27542482 0 38 theme size 38:41 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 0:129 Influence of jet milling and particle size on the composition, physicochemical and mechanical properties of barley and rye flours. 27542482 9 39 theme jet 856:858 arg1 milling 860:866 jet milling 856:866 jet milling 856:866 Regarding colour, both rye and barley flours when subjected to jet milling became brighter, whereas their yellowness was not altered significantly. 27542482 7 40 theme solvent 646:652 arg1 profile 673:679 The solvent retention capacity profile 642:679 The solvent retention capacity profile 642:679 The solvent retention capacity profile was also affected by jet milling. 27542482 5 41 theme rye 522:524 arg1 flours 537:542 both rye and barley flours 517:542 both rye and barley flours 517:542 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 7 42 theme capacity 664:671 arg1 profile 673:679 The solvent retention capacity profile 642:679 The solvent retention capacity profile 642:679 The solvent retention capacity profile was also affected by jet milling. 27542482 7 43 theme retention 654:662 arg1 profile 673:679 The solvent retention capacity profile 642:679 The solvent retention capacity profile 642:679 The solvent retention capacity profile was also affected by jet milling. 27542482 2 44 theme reduced 221:227 arg1 size 238:241 reduced particle size 221:241 reduced particle size 221:241 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 2 45 theme several 262:268 arg1 properties 301:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties 262:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours 262:324 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 2 46 theme mechanical 290:299 arg1 properties 301:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties 262:310 several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours 262:324 The effect of reduced particle size on composition and several physicochemical and mechanical properties of all flours were evaluated. 27542482 6 47 theme bulk 618:621 arg1 density 623:629 bulk density 618:629 bulk density 618:629 True density increased with decreased particle size whereas porosity and bulk density increased. 27542482 1 48 theme feed 195:198 arg1 rates 200:204 two feed rates 191:204 two feed rates 191:204 Finer barley and rye flours were produced by jet milling at two feed rates. 27542482 11 49 theme Barley 1003:1008 arg1 gels 1016:1019 Barley flour gels 1003:1019 Barley flour gels 1003:1019 Barley flour gels were stronger, firmer and more elastic than the rye ones. 27542482 10 50 theme gelation 953:960 arg1 concentration 962:974 The minimum gelation concentration 941:974 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours 941:989 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours was 16%w/v. 27542482 10 50 theme gelation 953:960 arg1 w/v 998:1000 16%w/v 995:1000 16%w/v 995:1000 The minimum gelation concentration for all flours was 16%w/v. 27542482 5 51 theme damaged 499:505 arg1 starch 507:512 damaged starch 499:512 damaged starch 499:512 Jet milling increased the amount of damaged starch in both rye and barley flours. 27542482 1 52 theme Finer 131:135 arg1 flours 152:157 Finer barley and rye flours 131:157 Finer barley and rye flours 131:157 Finer barley and rye flours were produced by jet milling at two feed rates. 28962767 1 0 contain have 141:144 arg2 properties 165:174 strong reinforcing properties 146:174 strong reinforcing properties 146:174 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 1 0 contain have 141:144 arg1 nanofibrils 123:133 Cellulose nanofibrils 113:133 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 113:139 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 1 0 contain have 141:144 arg1 CNF 136:138 CNF 136:138 CNF 136:138 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 7 1 contain has 807:809 arg1 uptake 800:805 the moisture uptake 787:805 the moisture uptake 787:805 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 7 1 contain has 807:809 arg2 influence 817:825 large influence 811:825 large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties 811:874 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 6 2 theme 93 674:675 arg1 % 676:676 % 676:676 % 676:676 However, at 93% RH the elastic modulus increased strongly from 0.12MPa to 0.82MPa when adding 6% PCNF. 28962767 2 3 theme poly 364:367 arg1 membranes 404:412 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 364:412 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 364:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 5 4 theme dry 639:641 arg1 membranes 643:651 dry membranes 639:651 dry membranes (0% RH) 639:659 No apparent trend is observed for mechanical properties for dry membranes (0% RH). 28962767 5 4 theme dry 639:641 arg1 % 655:655 0% RH 654:658 0% RH 654:658 No apparent trend is observed for mechanical properties for dry membranes (0% RH). 28962767 6 5 theme % 757:757 arg1 PCNF 759:762 6% PCNF 756:762 6% PCNF 756:762 However, at 93% RH the elastic modulus increased strongly from 0.12MPa to 0.82MPa when adding 6% PCNF. 28962767 8 6 theme most 915:918 arg1 moisture 920:927 most moisture 915:927 most moisture 915:927 Membranes containing 1% PCNF absorbed most moisture. 28962767 5 7 theme apparent 582:589 arg1 trend 591:595 No apparent trend 579:595 No apparent trend 579:595 No apparent trend is observed for mechanical properties for dry membranes (0% RH). 28962767 9 8 theme good 985:988 arg1 potential 990:998 a good potential 983:998 a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation 983:1086 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 8 9 theme % 899:899 arg1 PCNF 901:904 1% PCNF 898:904 1% PCNF 898:904 Membranes containing 1% PCNF absorbed most moisture. 28962767 2 10 theme thermal 329:335 arg1 properties 350:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 313:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 313:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 7 11 theme moisture 791:798 arg1 uptake 800:805 the moisture uptake 787:805 the moisture uptake 787:805 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 2 12 theme nanocellulose 289:301 arg1 addition 262:269 the addition 258:269 the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) 258:308 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 3 13 theme nanocellulose 436:448 arg1 incorporation 419:431 The incorporation 415:431 The incorporation of nanocellulose in PVA 415:455 The incorporation of nanocellulose in PVA reduced the crystallinity at 0%RH. 28962767 4 14 theme higher 532:537 arg1 humidities 539:548 higher humidities 532:548 higher humidities 532:548 However, when the films were exposed to higher humidities the crystallinity increased. 28962767 5 15 theme mechanical 613:622 arg1 properties 624:633 mechanical properties 613:633 mechanical properties for dry membranes (0% RH) 613:659 No apparent trend is observed for mechanical properties for dry membranes (0% RH). 28962767 7 16 theme tensile 857:863 arg1 properties 865:874 tensile properties 857:874 tensile properties 857:874 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 2 17 from effect 248:253 arg1 properties 350:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 313:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 313:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 1 18 theme compatible 199:208 arg1 matrix 218:223 a compatible polymer matrix 197:223 a compatible polymer matrix 197:223 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 0 19 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 33:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 0:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 0:86 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 7 20 theme tan 847:849 arg1 δ 851:851 tan δ 847:851 tan δ 847:851 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 2 21 theme mechanical 317:326 arg1 properties 350:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 313:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 313:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 9 22 theme PVA/phosphorylated 1016:1033 arg1 membranes 1059:1067 PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes 1016:1067 PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes 1016:1067 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 1 23 theme polymer 210:216 arg1 matrix 218:223 a compatible polymer matrix 197:223 a compatible polymer matrix 197:223 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 8 24 contain containing 887:896 arg1 Membranes 877:885 Membranes 877:885 Membranes containing 1% PCNF 877:904 Membranes containing 1% PCNF absorbed most moisture. 28962767 8 24 contain containing 887:896 arg2 PCNF 901:904 1% PCNF 898:904 1% PCNF 898:904 Membranes containing 1% PCNF absorbed most moisture. 28962767 7 25 theme higher 768:773 arg1 humidities 775:784 higher humidities 768:784 higher humidities 768:784 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 7 26 from influence 817:825 arg1 modulus 838:844 storage modulus 830:844 storage modulus 830:844 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 7 26 from influence 817:825 arg1 δ 851:851 tan δ 847:851 tan δ 847:851 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 7 26 from influence 817:825 arg1 properties 865:874 tensile properties 857:874 tensile properties 857:874 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 1 27 theme Cellulose 113:121 arg1 CNF 136:138 CNF 136:138 CNF 136:138 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 1 27 theme Cellulose 113:121 arg1 nanofibrils 123:133 Cellulose nanofibrils 113:133 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 113:139 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 9 28 theme composite 1049:1057 arg1 membranes 1059:1067 PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes 1016:1067 PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes 1016:1067 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 2 29 theme membranes 404:412 arg1 properties 350:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 313:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 313:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 3 30 theme % 487:487 arg1 RH 488:489 0%RH 486:489 0%RH 486:489 The incorporation of nanocellulose in PVA reduced the crystallinity at 0%RH. 28962767 9 31 theme mechanical 952:961 arg1 properties 963:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties 930:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties 930:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 2 32 theme nanocomposite 390:402 arg1 membranes 404:412 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 364:412 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 364:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 0 33 theme swelling 24:31 arg1 properties 33:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 0:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 0:86 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 0 34 theme phosphorylated 47:60 arg1 fibrils/PVA 76:86 phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 47:86 phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 47:86 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 8 35 theme 1 898:898 arg1 % 899:899 % 899:899 % 899:899 Membranes containing 1% PCNF absorbed most moisture. 28962767 9 36 theme CO2 1073:1075 arg1 separation 1077:1086 CO2 separation 1073:1086 CO2 separation 1073:1086 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 3 37 theme 0 486:486 arg1 % 487:487 % 487:487 % 487:487 The incorporation of nanocellulose in PVA reduced the crystallinity at 0%RH. 28962767 9 38 theme Swelling 930:937 arg1 properties 963:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties 930:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties 930:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 9 39 theme nanocellulose 1035:1047 arg1 membranes 1059:1067 PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes 1016:1067 PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes 1016:1067 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 2 40 theme swelling 341:348 arg1 properties 350:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 313:359 the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 313:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 1 41 theme reinforcing 153:163 arg1 properties 165:174 strong reinforcing properties 146:174 strong reinforcing properties 146:174 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 2 42 theme phosphorylated 274:287 arg1 PCNF 304:307 PCNF 304:307 PCNF 304:307 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 2 42 theme phosphorylated 274:287 arg1 nanocellulose 289:301 phosphorylated nanocellulose 274:301 phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) 274:308 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 6 43 theme 6 756:756 arg1 % 757:757 % 757:757 % 757:757 However, at 93% RH the elastic modulus increased strongly from 0.12MPa to 0.82MPa when adding 6% PCNF. 28962767 9 44 theme thermal 940:946 arg1 properties 963:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties 930:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties 930:972 Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties indicate a good potential for applying of PVA/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite membranes for CO2 separation. 28962767 6 45 theme elastic 685:691 arg1 modulus 693:699 the elastic modulus 681:699 the elastic modulus 681:699 However, at 93% RH the elastic modulus increased strongly from 0.12MPa to 0.82MPa when adding 6% PCNF. 28962767 1 46 theme strong 146:151 arg1 properties 165:174 strong reinforcing properties 146:174 strong reinforcing properties 146:174 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have strong reinforcing properties when incorporated in a compatible polymer matrix. 28962767 0 47 theme fibrils/PVA 76:86 arg1 properties 33:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 0:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 0:86 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 2 48 theme addition 262:269 arg1 effect 248:253 the effect 244:253 the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 244:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 3 49 from incorporation 419:431 arg1 PVA 453:455 PVA 453:455 PVA 453:455 The incorporation of nanocellulose in PVA reduced the crystallinity at 0%RH. 28962767 2 50 theme vinyl 369:373 arg1 poly 364:367 poly 364:367 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes 364:412 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 2 50 theme vinyl 369:373 arg1 alcohol 375:381 vinyl alcohol 369:381 vinyl alcohol 369:381 This work reports the effect of the addition of phosphorylated nanocellulose (PCNF) on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 7 51 theme storage 830:836 arg1 modulus 838:844 storage modulus 830:844 storage modulus 830:844 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 28962767 0 52 theme nanocellulose 62:74 arg1 fibrils/PVA 76:86 phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 47:86 phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 47:86 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 0 53 theme thermal 12:18 arg1 properties 33:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties 0:42 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA 0:86 Mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils/PVA nanocomposite membranes. 28962767 6 54 theme % 676:676 arg1 RH 678:679 93% RH 674:679 93% RH 674:679 However, at 93% RH the elastic modulus increased strongly from 0.12MPa to 0.82MPa when adding 6% PCNF. 28962767 7 55 theme large 811:815 arg1 influence 817:825 large influence 811:825 large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties 811:874 At higher humidities, the moisture uptake has large influence on storage modulus, tan δ and tensile properties. 27088548 6 0 theme water 955:959 arg1 characteristics 938:952 gel characteristics 934:952 gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) 934:1000 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 0 theme water 955:959 arg1 holding 961:967 water holding 955:967 water holding 955:967 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 4 1 with sheet 714:718 arg1 thickness 748:756 approximately the same thickness 725:756 approximately the same thickness 725:756 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 7 2 theme mechanical 1284:1293 arg1 properties 1295:1304 its mechanical properties 1280:1304 its mechanical properties 1280:1304 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 4 3 theme production 632:641 arg1 time 643:646 production time 632:646 production time 632:646 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 8 4 theme bacterial 1370:1378 arg1 cultures 1380:1387 dynamic bacterial cultures 1362:1387 dynamic bacterial cultures 1362:1387 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 8 5 theme conventional 1414:1425 arg1 fabrics 1438:1444 conventional biomedical fabrics 1414:1444 conventional biomedical fabrics 1414:1444 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 6 6 theme hydrogel 1031:1038 arg1 ability 993:999 wicking ability 985:999 wicking ability 985:999 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 6 theme hydrogel 1031:1038 arg1 absorption 970:979 absorption 970:979 absorption 970:979 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 6 theme hydrogel 1031:1038 arg1 properties 873:882 The mechanical properties 858:882 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) 858:928 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 6 theme hydrogel 1031:1038 arg1 characteristics 938:952 gel characteristics 934:952 gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) 934:1000 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 6 theme hydrogel 1031:1038 arg1 holding 961:967 water holding 955:967 water holding 955:967 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 0 7 theme biomedical 110:119 arg1 materials 121:129 conventional biomedical materials 97:129 conventional biomedical materials 97:129 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 8 8 theme other 1476:1480 arg1 materials 1487:1495 other mesh materials 1476:1495 other mesh materials 1476:1495 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 7 9 theme fabric-reinforced 1143:1159 arg1 equivalent 1178:1187 equivalent 1178:1187 equivalent 1178:1187 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 7 9 theme fabric-reinforced 1143:1159 arg1 hydrogel 1165:1172 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1139:1172 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1139:1172 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 9 10 dep Biotechnol 1566:1575 arg1 Institute 1534:1542 Institute 1534:1542 Institute 1534:1542 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 27088548 6 11 theme BNC 1027:1029 arg1 hydrogel 1031:1038 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1005:1038 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1005:1038 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 0 12 theme conventional 97:108 arg1 materials 121:129 conventional biomedical materials 97:129 conventional biomedical materials 97:129 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 6 13 theme gel 934:936 arg1 ability 993:999 wicking ability 985:999 wicking ability 985:999 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 13 theme gel 934:936 arg1 absorption 970:979 absorption 970:979 absorption 970:979 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 13 theme gel 934:936 arg1 characteristics 938:952 gel characteristics 934:952 gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) 934:1000 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 13 theme gel 934:936 arg1 holding 961:967 water holding 955:967 water holding 955:967 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 7 14 theme BNC 1161:1163 arg1 equivalent 1178:1187 equivalent 1178:1187 equivalent 1178:1187 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 7 14 theme BNC 1161:1163 arg1 hydrogel 1165:1172 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1139:1172 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1139:1172 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 8 15 theme coating 1339:1345 arg1 technology 1347:1356 coating technology 1339:1356 coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures 1339:1387 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 3 16 theme hydrogel 530:537 arg1 nanocomposite 509:521 a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite 483:521 a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength 483:560 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 3 16 theme hydrogel 530:537 arg1 hydrogel 530:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 9 17 theme Chemical 1547:1554 arg1 Engineers 1556:1564 Chemical Engineers 1547:1564 Chemical Engineers 1547:1564 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 27088548 5 18 theme industrial-scale 828:843 arg1 manufacture 845:855 industrial-scale manufacture 828:855 industrial-scale manufacture 828:855 This novel technology is easier to scale up and is more suitable for industrial-scale manufacture. 27088548 2 19 theme insufficient 307:318 arg1 strength 320:327 insufficient strength 307:327 insufficient strength 307:327 Its use is largely restricted by insufficient strength when in a highly swollen state and by inefficient production using static cultivation. 27088548 4 20 theme hydrogel 705:712 arg1 sheet 714:718 a desirable hydrogel sheet 693:718 a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness 693:756 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 6 21 theme fabric-reinforced 1009:1025 arg1 hydrogel 1031:1038 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1005:1038 the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel 1005:1038 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 7 22 theme qualitative 1241:1251 arg1 improvement 1253:1263 a qualitative improvement 1239:1263 a qualitative improvement 1239:1263 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 0 23 theme in 6:7 arg1 technology 36:45 in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 6:45 in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 6:45 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 4 24 theme proposed 611:618 arg1 technology 620:629 the proposed technology 607:629 the proposed technology 607:629 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 3 25 dep in 434:435 arg1 situ 437:440 situ 437:440 situ 437:440 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 2 26 theme swollen 346:352 arg1 state 354:358 a highly swollen state 337:358 a highly swollen state 337:358 Its use is largely restricted by insufficient strength when in a highly swollen state and by inefficient production using static cultivation. 27088548 3 27 theme nanocellulose-coating 442:462 arg1 technology 464:473 an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 431:473 an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 431:473 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 6 28 dep properties 873:882 arg1 strength 920:927 suture retention strength 903:927 suture retention strength 903:927 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 28 dep properties 873:882 arg1 strength 893:900 tensile strength 885:900 tensile strength 885:900 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 29 theme mechanical 862:871 arg1 properties 873:882 The mechanical properties 858:882 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) 858:928 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 30 dep characteristics 938:952 arg1 characteristics 938:952 gel characteristics 934:952 gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) 934:1000 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 30 dep characteristics 938:952 arg1 absorption 970:979 absorption 970:979 absorption 970:979 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 30 dep characteristics 938:952 arg1 ability 993:999 wicking ability 985:999 wicking ability 985:999 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 30 dep characteristics 938:952 arg1 holding 961:967 water holding 955:967 water holding 955:967 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 8 31 theme biomedical 1427:1436 arg1 fabrics 1438:1444 conventional biomedical fabrics 1414:1444 conventional biomedical fabrics 1414:1444 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 1 32 theme microbial 207:215 arg1 hydrogel 231:238 a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel 205:238 a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications 205:271 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 1 32 theme microbial 207:215 arg1 nanocellulose 182:194 Bacterial nanocellulose 172:194 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 172:200 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 0 33 theme nanocellulose-coating 14:34 arg1 technology 36:45 in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 6:45 in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 6:45 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 0 34 theme nanocellulose 147:159 arg1 hydrogels 161:169 nanocellulose hydrogels 147:169 nanocellulose hydrogels 147:169 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 1 35 theme nanofibrillar 217:229 arg1 hydrogel 231:238 a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel 205:238 a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications 205:271 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 1 35 theme nanofibrillar 217:229 arg1 nanocellulose 182:194 Bacterial nanocellulose 172:194 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 172:200 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 3 36 theme native 579:584 arg1 attributes 586:595 BNC native attributes 575:595 BNC native attributes 575:595 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 6 37 theme retention 910:918 arg1 strength 920:927 suture retention strength 903:927 suture retention strength 903:927 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 37 theme retention 910:918 arg1 strength 893:900 tensile strength 885:900 tensile strength 885:900 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 38 theme ordinary 1085:1092 arg1 sheets 1107:1112 ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets 1085:1112 ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets 1085:1112 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 3 39 theme in 434:435 arg1 technology 464:473 an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 431:473 an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology 431:473 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 4 40 theme same 743:746 arg1 thickness 748:756 approximately the same thickness 725:756 approximately the same thickness 725:756 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 3 41 with nanocomposite 509:521 arg1 strength 553:560 superior strength 544:560 superior strength 544:560 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 6 42 theme suture 903:908 arg1 strength 920:927 suture retention strength 903:927 suture retention strength 903:927 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 42 theme suture 903:908 arg1 strength 893:900 tensile strength 885:900 tensile strength 885:900 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 8 43 theme cotton 1460:1465 arg1 gauze 1467:1471 medical cotton gauze 1452:1471 medical cotton gauze 1452:1471 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 4 44 theme desirable 695:703 arg1 sheet 714:718 a desirable hydrogel sheet 693:718 a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness 693:756 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 3 45 theme fabric-frame 485:496 arg1 nanocomposite 509:521 a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite 483:521 a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength 483:560 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 3 45 theme fabric-frame 485:496 arg1 hydrogel 530:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 6 46 theme wicking 985:991 arg1 characteristics 938:952 gel characteristics 934:952 gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) 934:1000 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 46 theme wicking 985:991 arg1 ability 993:999 wicking ability 985:999 wicking ability 985:999 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 1 47 with hydrogel 231:238 arg1 applications 260:271 many potential applications 245:271 many potential applications 245:271 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 7 48 theme gel 1204:1206 arg1 characteristics 1208:1222 gel characteristics 1204:1222 gel characteristics 1204:1222 The results reveal that the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel was equivalent with regard to gel characteristics, and exhibited a qualitative improvement with regard to its mechanical properties. 27088548 1 49 theme many 245:248 arg1 applications 260:271 many potential applications 245:271 many potential applications 245:271 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 0 50 theme dynamic 56:62 arg1 cultures 74:81 dynamic bacterial cultures 56:81 dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels 56:169 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 5 51 theme novel 764:768 arg1 technology 770:779 This novel technology 759:779 This novel technology 759:779 This novel technology is easier to scale up and is more suitable for industrial-scale manufacture. 27088548 8 52 theme advanced 1316:1323 arg1 applications 1325:1336 more advanced applications 1311:1336 more advanced applications 1311:1336 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 8 53 dep gauze 1467:1471 arg1 i.e. 1447:1450 i.e. 1447:1450 i.e. 1447:1450 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 4 54 dep 3 676:676 arg1 to 673:674 to 673:674 to 673:674 By using the proposed technology, production time could be reduced from 10 to 3 days to obtain a desirable hydrogel sheet with approximately the same thickness. 27088548 2 55 theme inefficient 367:377 arg1 production 379:388 inefficient production 367:388 inefficient production using static cultivation 367:413 Its use is largely restricted by insufficient strength when in a highly swollen state and by inefficient production using static cultivation. 27088548 10 56 dep 2016 1599:1602 arg1 Prog. 1578:1582 Prog. 1578:1582 Prog. 1578:1582 Prog., 32:1077-1084, 2016. 27088548 6 57 theme tensile 885:891 arg1 strength 920:927 suture retention strength 903:927 suture retention strength 903:927 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 6 57 theme tensile 885:891 arg1 strength 893:900 tensile strength 885:900 tensile strength 885:900 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 3 58 theme superior 544:551 arg1 strength 553:560 superior strength 544:560 superior strength 544:560 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 8 59 theme mesh 1482:1485 arg1 materials 1487:1495 other mesh materials 1476:1495 other mesh materials 1476:1495 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 8 60 theme medical 1452:1458 arg1 gauze 1467:1471 medical cotton gauze 1452:1471 medical cotton gauze 1452:1471 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 3 61 theme BNC 526:528 arg1 hydrogel 530:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 1 62 theme potential 250:258 arg1 applications 260:271 many potential applications 245:271 many potential applications 245:271 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 8 63 used used 1398:1401 arg2 technology 1347:1356 coating technology 1339:1356 coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures 1339:1387 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 6 64 theme hydrogel 1098:1105 arg1 sheets 1107:1112 ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets 1085:1112 ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets 1085:1112 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 2 65 theme static 396:401 arg1 cultivation 403:413 static cultivation 396:413 static cultivation 396:413 Its use is largely restricted by insufficient strength when in a highly swollen state and by inefficient production using static cultivation. 27088548 8 66 theme dynamic 1362:1368 arg1 cultures 1380:1387 dynamic bacterial cultures 1362:1387 dynamic bacterial cultures 1362:1387 For more advanced applications, coating technology via dynamic bacterial cultures could be used to upgrade conventional biomedical fabrics, i.e. medical cotton gauze or other mesh materials, with nanocellulose. 27088548 3 67 theme reinforced 498:507 arg1 nanocomposite 509:521 a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite 483:521 a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength 483:560 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 3 67 theme reinforced 498:507 arg1 hydrogel 530:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 BNC hydrogel 526:537 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 27088548 0 68 dep in 6:7 arg1 situ 9:12 situ 9:12 situ 9:12 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 6 69 theme BNC 1094:1096 arg1 sheets 1107:1112 ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets 1085:1112 ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets 1085:1112 The mechanical properties (tensile strength, suture retention strength) and gel characteristics (water holding, absorption and wicking ability) of the fabric-reinforced BNC hydrogel were investigated and compared with those of ordinary BNC hydrogel sheets. 27088548 1 70 theme Bacterial 172:180 arg1 hydrogel 231:238 a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel 205:238 a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications 205:271 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 1 70 theme Bacterial 172:180 arg1 nanocellulose 182:194 Bacterial nanocellulose 172:194 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 172:200 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 1 70 theme Bacterial 172:180 arg1 BNC 197:199 BNC 197:199 BNC 197:199 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a microbial nanofibrillar hydrogel with many potential applications. 27088548 0 71 theme bacterial 64:72 arg1 cultures 74:81 dynamic bacterial cultures 56:81 dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels 56:169 Using in situ nanocellulose-coating technology based on dynamic bacterial cultures for upgrading conventional biomedical materials and reinforcing nanocellulose hydrogels. 27088548 3 72 theme BNC 575:577 arg1 attributes 586:595 BNC native attributes 575:595 BNC native attributes 575:595 In this study, an in situ nanocellulose-coating technology created a fabric-frame reinforced nanocomposite of BNC hydrogel with superior strength but retained BNC native attributes. 28911621 4 0 theme % 942:942 arg1 concentration 906:918 a final concentration 898:918 a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source 898:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 1 1 theme health 233:238 arg1 status 240:245 the health status 229:245 the health status of the host 229:257 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 7 2 theme method 1326:1331 arg1 requirements 1304:1315 the requirements 1300:1315 the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity 1300:1433 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 9 3 theme probiotics 1709:1718 arg1 strains 1698:1704 different strains 1688:1704 different strains of probiotics 1688:1718 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 13 4 theme active 2261:2266 arg1 components 2268:2277 the active components 2257:2277 the active components of prebiotics 2257:2291 BSAE contains the active components of prebiotics and enhances the growth of L. acidophilus. 28911621 4 5 from supplementation 871:885 arg1 concentration 906:918 a final concentration 898:918 a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source 898:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 10 6 theme mass 1866:1869 arg1 spectrometry 1871:1882 mass spectrometry 1866:1882 mass spectrometry 1866:1882 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 12 7 theme prebiotic 2199:2207 arg1 capsule 2209:2215 a prebiotic capsule 2197:2215 a prebiotic capsule of BSAE 2197:2223 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 11 8 theme validation 1949:1958 arg1 parameters 1960:1969 all validation parameters 1945:1969 all validation parameters 1945:1969 The developed method met the limit of all validation parameters. 28911621 4 9 theme de 822:823 arg1 MRS 850:852 MRS 850:852 MRS 850:852 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 4 9 theme de 822:823 arg1 Man 825:827 de Man 822:827 de Man 822:827 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 10 10 dep time 1835:1838 arg1 the 1806:1808 the 1806:1808 the 1806:1808 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 10 10 dep time 1835:1838 arg1 pattern 1898:1904 fragmentation pattern 1884:1904 fragmentation pattern 1884:1904 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 10 10 dep time 1835:1838 arg1 basis 1810:1814 basis 1810:1814 basis 1810:1814 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 10 11 theme fragmentation 1884:1896 arg1 pattern 1898:1904 fragmentation pattern 1884:1904 fragmentation pattern 1884:1904 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 3 12 theme prebiotic 718:726 arg1 ingredients 728:738 active prebiotic ingredients 711:738 active prebiotic ingredients in the extract 711:753 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 9 13 theme culture 1745:1751 arg1 time 1737:1740 the time 1733:1740 the time of culture 1733:1751 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 3 14 from determination 694:706 arg1 extract 747:753 the extract 743:753 the extract 743:753 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 15 theme different 519:527 arg1 strains 529:535 different strains 519:535 different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus 519:564 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 16 dep simple 573:578 arg1 cost-effective 590:603 cost-effective 590:603 cost-effective 590:603 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 16 dep simple 573:578 arg1 precise 581:587 precise 581:587 precise 581:587 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 9 17 theme growth 1542:1547 arg1 rate 1549:1552 The rapid growth rate 1532:1552 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus 1532:1591 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 13 18 theme prebiotics 2282:2291 arg1 components 2268:2277 the active components 2257:2277 the active components of prebiotics 2257:2291 BSAE contains the active components of prebiotics and enhances the growth of L. acidophilus. 28911621 1 19 theme innate 197:202 arg1 immunity 204:211 the innate immunity 193:211 the innate immunity 193:211 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 4 20 theme Sharpe 842:847 arg1 medium 855:860 de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium 822:860 de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium 822:860 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 10 21 theme - 1772:1772 arg1 -epicatechin 1774:1785 (-)-epicatechin 1771:1785 -epicatechin 1774:1785 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 3 22 theme acidophilus 554:564 arg1 strains 529:535 different strains 519:535 different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus 519:564 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 9 23 theme strains 1567:1573 arg1 rate 1549:1552 The rapid growth rate 1532:1552 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus 1532:1591 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 12 24 theme 1.27 2058:2061 arg1 % 2062:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 24 theme 1.27 2058:2061 arg1 components 1993:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 4 25 theme final 900:904 arg1 concentration 906:918 a final concentration 898:918 a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source 898:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 0 26 theme sarmienti 65:73 arg1 extract 75:81 Bulnesia sarmienti extract 56:81 Bulnesia sarmienti extract 56:81 In vitro prebiotic effects and quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract. 28911621 3 27 theme simple 573:578 arg1 method 651:656 a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 571:656 a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 571:656 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 10 28 theme retention 1825:1833 arg1 time 1835:1838 their retention time 1819:1838 their retention time 1819:1838 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 3 29 from extract 747:753 arg1 determination 694:706 the determination 690:706 the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract 690:753 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 13 30 theme acidophilus 2323:2333 arg1 growth 2310:2315 the growth 2306:2315 the growth of L. acidophilus 2306:2333 BSAE contains the active components of prebiotics and enhances the growth of L. acidophilus. 28911621 6 31 theme flow 1205:1208 arg1 rate 1210:1213 flow rate 1205:1213 flow rate 1205:1213 The HPLC method was designed by optimizing mobile-phase composition, flow rate, column temperature, and detection wavelength. 28911621 0 32 theme extract 75:81 arg1 effects 19:25 prebiotic effects 9:25 prebiotic effects 9:25 In vitro prebiotic effects and quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract. 28911621 0 32 theme extract 75:81 arg1 analysis 44:51 quantitative analysis 31:51 quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract 31:81 In vitro prebiotic effects and quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract. 28911621 2 33 theme intrinsic 338:346 arg1 factors 348:354 intrinsic factors 338:354 intrinsic factors 338:354 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 5 34 theme colony-forming 1049:1062 arg1 CFU/mL 1071:1076 CFU/mL 1071:1076 CFU/mL 1071:1076 Growth of the probiotics was determined by measuring the pH changes and colony-forming units (CFU/mL) using the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours. 28911621 5 34 theme colony-forming 1049:1062 arg1 units 1064:1068 colony-forming units 1049:1068 colony-forming units (CFU/mL) 1049:1077 Growth of the probiotics was determined by measuring the pH changes and colony-forming units (CFU/mL) using the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours. 28911621 4 35 theme % 926:926 arg1 concentration 906:918 a final concentration 898:918 a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source 898:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 3 36 theme liquid 622:627 arg1 HPLC 645:648 HPLC 645:648 HPLC 645:648 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 36 theme liquid 622:627 arg1 chromatography 629:642 high-performance liquid chromatography 605:642 a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 571:656 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 0 37 theme quantitative 31:42 arg1 analysis 44:51 quantitative analysis 31:51 quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract 31:81 In vitro prebiotic effects and quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract. 28911621 9 38 theme pH 1656:1657 arg1 values 1659:1664 pH values 1656:1664 pH values of cultures 1656:1676 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 12 39 theme prebiotic 1976:1984 arg1 components 1993:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 39 theme prebiotic 1976:1984 arg1 % 2072:2072 0.71% 2068:2072 0.71% (w/w) 2068:2078 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 39 theme prebiotic 1976:1984 arg1 % 2062:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 2 40 theme probiotics 298:307 arg1 growth 274:279 growth 274:279 growth 274:279 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 2 40 theme probiotics 298:307 arg1 activity 286:293 activity 286:293 activity 286:293 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 2 40 theme probiotics 298:307 arg1 survival 264:271 survival 264:271 survival 264:271 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 3 41 theme sarmienti 435:443 arg1 extract 453:459 Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract 426:459 Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) 426:466 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 41 theme sarmienti 435:443 arg1 BSAE 462:465 BSAE 462:465 BSAE 462:465 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 2 42 from microbes 371:378 arg1 tract 404:408 the gastrointestinal tract 383:408 the gastrointestinal tract 383:408 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 4 43 theme carbon 962:967 arg1 source 969:974 the sole carbon source 953:974 the sole carbon source 953:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 12 44 theme crude 2098:2102 arg1 extract 2104:2110 crude extract 2098:2110 crude extract 2098:2110 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 11 45 theme parameters 1960:1969 arg1 limit 1936:1940 the limit 1932:1940 the limit of all validation parameters 1932:1969 The developed method met the limit of all validation parameters. 28911621 9 46 theme different 1688:1696 arg1 strains 1698:1704 different strains 1688:1704 different strains of probiotics 1688:1718 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 8 47 theme major 1440:1444 arg1 ingredients 1463:1473 The major prebiotic active ingredients 1436:1473 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE 1436:1481 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE were determined using the validated HPLC method. 28911621 6 48 theme HPLC 1140:1143 arg1 method 1145:1150 The HPLC method 1136:1150 The HPLC method 1136:1150 The HPLC method was designed by optimizing mobile-phase composition, flow rate, column temperature, and detection wavelength. 28911621 8 49 theme validated 1509:1517 arg1 method 1524:1529 the validated HPLC method 1505:1529 the validated HPLC method 1505:1529 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE were determined using the validated HPLC method. 28911621 7 50 theme new 1322:1324 arg1 method 1326:1331 a new method 1320:1331 a new method 1320:1331 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 4 51 theme Man 825:827 arg1 medium 855:860 de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium 822:860 de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium 822:860 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 8 52 theme active 1456:1461 arg1 ingredients 1463:1473 The major prebiotic active ingredients 1436:1473 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE 1436:1481 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE were determined using the validated HPLC method. 28911621 3 53 theme growth-promoting 490:505 arg1 activity 507:514 the growth-promoting activity 486:514 the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus 486:564 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 4 54 theme Rogosa 830:835 arg1 medium 855:860 de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium 822:860 de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium 822:860 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 12 55 theme BSAE 2220:2223 arg1 capsule 2209:2215 a prebiotic capsule 2197:2215 a prebiotic capsule of BSAE 2197:2223 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 3 56 theme strains 529:535 arg1 activity 507:514 the growth-promoting activity 486:514 the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus 486:564 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 1 57 theme probiotics 169:178 arg1 survival 143:150 survival 143:150 survival 143:150 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 1 57 theme probiotics 169:178 arg1 activity 157:164 activity 157:164 activity 157:164 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 1 57 theme probiotics 169:178 arg1 colonization 129:140 colonization 129:140 colonization 129:140 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 1 57 theme probiotics 169:178 arg1 growth 121:126 growth 121:126 growth 121:126 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 3 58 theme ingredients 728:738 arg1 determination 694:706 the determination 690:706 the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract 690:753 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 9 59 theme rapid 1536:1540 arg1 rate 1549:1552 The rapid growth rate 1532:1552 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus 1532:1591 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 3 60 theme active 711:716 arg1 ingredients 728:738 active prebiotic ingredients 711:738 active prebiotic ingredients in the extract 711:753 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 6 61 theme mobile-phase 1179:1190 arg1 composition 1192:1202 mobile-phase composition 1179:1202 mobile-phase composition 1179:1202 The HPLC method was designed by optimizing mobile-phase composition, flow rate, column temperature, and detection wavelength. 28911621 9 62 with media 1616:1620 arg1 BSAE 1627:1630 BSAE 1627:1630 BSAE 1627:1630 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 9 63 theme different 1557:1565 arg1 strains 1567:1573 different strains 1557:1573 different strains of L. acidophilus 1557:1591 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 2 64 dep survival 264:271 arg1 The 260:262 The 260:262 The 260:262 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 5 65 theme hours 1129:1133 arg1 period 1116:1121 a period 1114:1121 a period of 24 hours 1114:1133 Growth of the probiotics was determined by measuring the pH changes and colony-forming units (CFU/mL) using the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours. 28911621 8 66 from ingredients 1463:1473 arg1 BSAE 1478:1481 BSAE 1478:1481 BSAE 1478:1481 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE were determined using the validated HPLC method. 28911621 13 67 contain contains 2248:2255 arg2 components 2268:2277 the active components 2257:2277 the active components of prebiotics 2257:2291 BSAE contains the active components of prebiotics and enhances the growth of L. acidophilus. 28911621 13 67 contain contains 2248:2255 arg1 BSAE 2243:2246 BSAE 2243:2246 BSAE 2243:2246 BSAE contains the active components of prebiotics and enhances the growth of L. acidophilus. 28911621 6 68 theme detection 1240:1248 arg1 wavelength 1250:1259 detection wavelength 1240:1259 detection wavelength 1240:1259 The HPLC method was designed by optimizing mobile-phase composition, flow rate, column temperature, and detection wavelength. 28911621 10 69 theme absorbance 1841:1850 arg1 spectrum 1852:1859 absorbance spectrum 1841:1859 absorbance spectrum 1841:1859 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 7 70 theme quantitation 1405:1416 arg1 limit 1376:1380 limit 1376:1380 limit of detection 1376:1393 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 70 theme quantitation 1405:1416 arg1 accuracy 1344:1351 accuracy 1344:1351 accuracy 1344:1351 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 70 theme quantitation 1405:1416 arg1 specificity 1423:1433 specificity 1423:1433 specificity 1423:1433 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 70 theme quantitation 1405:1416 arg1 precision 1354:1362 precision 1354:1362 precision 1354:1362 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 70 theme quantitation 1405:1416 arg1 limit 1396:1400 limit 1396:1400 limit of quantitation 1396:1416 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 70 theme quantitation 1405:1416 arg1 linearity 1365:1373 linearity 1365:1373 linearity 1365:1373 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 9 71 theme acidophilus 1581:1591 arg1 strains 1567:1573 different strains 1557:1573 different strains of L. acidophilus 1557:1591 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 5 72 theme probiotics 991:1000 arg1 Growth 977:982 Growth 977:982 Growth of the probiotics 977:1000 Growth of the probiotics was determined by measuring the pH changes and colony-forming units (CFU/mL) using the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours. 28911621 6 73 theme column 1216:1221 arg1 temperature 1223:1233 column temperature 1216:1233 column temperature 1216:1233 The HPLC method was designed by optimizing mobile-phase composition, flow rate, column temperature, and detection wavelength. 28911621 7 74 theme detection 1385:1393 arg1 limit 1376:1380 limit 1376:1380 limit of detection 1376:1393 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 74 theme detection 1385:1393 arg1 accuracy 1344:1351 accuracy 1344:1351 accuracy 1344:1351 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 74 theme detection 1385:1393 arg1 specificity 1423:1433 specificity 1423:1433 specificity 1423:1433 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 74 theme detection 1385:1393 arg1 precision 1354:1362 precision 1354:1362 precision 1354:1362 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 74 theme detection 1385:1393 arg1 limit 1396:1400 limit 1396:1400 limit of quantitation 1396:1416 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 7 74 theme detection 1385:1393 arg1 linearity 1365:1373 linearity 1365:1373 linearity 1365:1373 The method was validated according to the requirements of a new method, including accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity. 28911621 9 75 theme growth 1609:1614 arg1 media 1616:1620 growth media 1609:1620 growth media with BSAE 1609:1630 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 9 76 located observed 1597:1604 arg2 rate 1549:1552 The rapid growth rate 1532:1552 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus 1532:1591 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 9 76 located observed 1597:1604 arg1 media 1616:1620 growth media 1609:1620 growth media with BSAE 1609:1630 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 4 77 theme BSAE 890:893 arg1 supplementation 871:885 the supplementation 867:885 the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source 867:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 12 78 theme -epicatechin 2025:2036 arg1 components 1993:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 78 theme -epicatechin 2025:2036 arg1 % 2072:2072 0.71% 2068:2072 0.71% (w/w) 2068:2078 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 78 theme -epicatechin 2025:2036 arg1 % 2062:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 79 theme -catechin 2008:2016 arg1 components 1993:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 79 theme -catechin 2008:2016 arg1 % 2072:2072 0.71% 2068:2072 0.71% (w/w) 2068:2078 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 79 theme -catechin 2008:2016 arg1 % 2062:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 0 80 theme prebiotic 9:17 arg1 effects 19:25 prebiotic effects 9:25 prebiotic effects 9:25 In vitro prebiotic effects and quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract. 28911621 10 81 theme + 1755:1755 arg1 -Catechin 1757:1765 (+)-Catechin 1754:1765 -Catechin 1757:1765 (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern. 28911621 4 82 theme % 932:932 arg1 concentration 906:918 a final concentration 898:918 a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source 898:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 3 83 from ingredients 728:738 arg1 extract 747:753 the extract 743:753 the extract 743:753 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 12 84 theme active 1986:1991 arg1 components 1993:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components 1972:2002 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 84 theme active 1986:1991 arg1 % 2072:2072 0.71% 2068:2072 0.71% (w/w) 2068:2078 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 12 84 theme active 1986:1991 arg1 % 2062:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 1.27% 2058:2062 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 1 85 theme host 254:257 arg1 status 240:245 the health status 229:245 the health status of the host 229:257 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 2 86 theme gastrointestinal 387:402 arg1 tract 404:408 the gastrointestinal tract 383:408 the gastrointestinal tract 383:408 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 3 87 theme high-performance 605:620 arg1 HPLC 645:648 HPLC 645:648 HPLC 645:648 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 87 theme high-performance 605:620 arg1 chromatography 629:642 high-performance liquid chromatography 605:642 a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 571:656 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 88 theme Bulnesia 426:433 arg1 extract 453:459 Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract 426:459 Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) 426:466 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 88 theme Bulnesia 426:433 arg1 BSAE 462:465 BSAE 462:465 BSAE 462:465 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 4 89 theme acidophilus 780:790 arg1 strains 766:772 Different strains 756:772 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) 756:802 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 2 90 theme indigenous 360:369 arg1 microbes 371:378 indigenous microbes 360:378 indigenous microbes 360:378 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 0 91 theme Bulnesia 56:63 arg1 extract 75:81 Bulnesia sarmienti extract 56:81 Bulnesia sarmienti extract 56:81 In vitro prebiotic effects and quantitative analysis of Bulnesia sarmienti extract. 28911621 9 92 theme values 1659:1664 arg1 decline 1645:1651 the decline 1641:1651 the decline of pH values of cultures 1641:1676 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 5 93 theme pH 1034:1035 arg1 changes 1037:1043 the pH changes 1030:1043 the pH changes 1030:1043 Growth of the probiotics was determined by measuring the pH changes and colony-forming units (CFU/mL) using the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours. 28911621 11 94 theme developed 1911:1919 arg1 method 1921:1926 The developed method 1907:1926 The developed method 1907:1926 The developed method met the limit of all validation parameters. 28911621 2 95 from factors 348:354 arg1 tract 404:408 the gastrointestinal tract 383:408 the gastrointestinal tract 383:408 The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. 28911621 1 96 used used 99:102 arg2 Prebiotics 84:93 Prebiotics 84:93 Prebiotics 84:93 Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. 28911621 9 97 theme cultures 1669:1676 arg1 values 1659:1664 pH values 1656:1664 pH values of cultures 1656:1676 The rapid growth rate of different strains of L. acidophilus was observed in growth media with BSAE, whereas the decline of pH values of cultures varied in different strains of probiotics depending on the time of culture. 28911621 3 98 theme chromatography 629:642 arg1 method 651:656 a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 571:656 a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 571:656 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 4 99 theme Different 756:764 arg1 strains 766:772 Different strains 756:772 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) 756:802 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 3 100 theme aqueous 445:451 arg1 extract 453:459 Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract 426:459 Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) 426:466 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 3 100 theme aqueous 445:451 arg1 BSAE 462:465 BSAE 462:465 BSAE 462:465 In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. 28911621 5 101 theme microdilution 1089:1101 arg1 method 1103:1108 the microdilution method 1085:1108 the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours 1085:1133 Growth of the probiotics was determined by measuring the pH changes and colony-forming units (CFU/mL) using the microdilution method for a period of 24 hours. 28911621 4 102 dep acidophilus 780:790 arg1 probiotic 793:801 probiotic 793:801 probiotic 793:801 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 12 103 theme HPLC 2228:2231 arg1 analysis 2233:2240 HPLC analysis 2228:2240 HPLC analysis 2228:2240 The prebiotic active components, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were quantified as 1.27% and 0.71% (w/w), respectively, in crude extract, and 6.36±0.06 μg/mL and 4.47±0.41 μg/mL (mean±standard deviation), respectively, in a prebiotic capsule of BSAE by HPLC analysis. 28911621 4 104 theme sole 957:960 arg1 source 969:974 the sole carbon source 953:974 the sole carbon source 953:974 Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium with the supplementation of BSAE in a final concentration of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/v) as the sole carbon source. 28911621 8 105 theme prebiotic 1446:1454 arg1 ingredients 1463:1473 The major prebiotic active ingredients 1436:1473 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE 1436:1481 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE were determined using the validated HPLC method. 28911621 8 106 theme HPLC 1519:1522 arg1 method 1524:1529 the validated HPLC method 1505:1529 the validated HPLC method 1505:1529 The major prebiotic active ingredients in BSAE were determined using the validated HPLC method. 25578692 7 0 theme composite 1159:1167 arg1 scaffolds 1169:1177 the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1141:1177 the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1141:1177 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 7 1 dep In 1102:1103 arg1 vivo 1105:1108 vivo 1105:1108 vivo 1105:1108 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 1 2 theme hollow 164:169 arg1 HA 187:188 HA 187:188 HA 187:188 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 2 theme hollow 164:169 arg1 hydroxyapatite 171:184 hollow hydroxyapatite 164:184 hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) 164:189 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 6 3 theme initial 976:982 arg1 release 990:996 the initial burst release 972:996 the initial burst release of rhBMP2 972:1006 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 25578692 7 4 theme scaffolds 1169:1177 arg1 potential 1128:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential 1102:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1102:1177 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 8 5 theme rhBMP2-loaded 1290:1302 arg1 group 1311:1315 the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1286:1315 the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1286:1315 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 9 6 theme hHA/CS 1427:1432 arg1 scaffold 1444:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 9 6 theme hHA/CS 1427:1432 arg1 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 1 7 theme delivery 242:249 arg1 scaffold 142:149 Composite scaffold 132:149 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) 132:222 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 7 theme delivery 242:249 arg1 vehicle 251:257 a delivery vehicle 240:257 a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) 240:320 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 4 8 theme rhBMP-2 755:761 arg1 behavior 743:750 the release behavior 731:750 the release behavior of rhBMP-2 731:761 The chitosan not only served to bind the HA microspheres together and kept them at the implant site, but also effectively modified the release behavior of rhBMP-2. 25578692 3 9 theme rhBMP2-loaded 518:530 arg1 microspheres 535:546 then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres 509:546 then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres 509:546 The rhBMP-2 was firstly loaded into the hollow HA microspheres, and then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres were further incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 25578692 9 10 theme delivery 1490:1497 arg1 vehicle 1499:1505 a delivery vehicle 1488:1505 a delivery vehicle for growth factors 1488:1524 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 7 11 theme rhBMP2-loaded 1145:1157 arg1 scaffolds 1169:1177 the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1141:1177 the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1141:1177 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 5 12 attach released 856:863 arg1 scaffolds 884:892 the composite scaffolds 870:892 the composite scaffolds in bioactive form 870:910 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 5 12 attach released 856:863 arg2 rhBMP2 829:834 the rhBMP2 825:834 the rhBMP2 825:834 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 3 13 theme HA 532:533 arg1 microspheres 535:546 then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres 509:546 then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres 509:546 The rhBMP-2 was firstly loaded into the hollow HA microspheres, and then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres were further incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 25578692 3 14 theme HA 488:489 arg1 microspheres 491:502 the hollow HA microspheres 477:502 the hollow HA microspheres 477:502 The rhBMP-2 was firstly loaded into the hollow HA microspheres, and then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres were further incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 25578692 0 15 theme bone 118:121 arg1 defects 123:129 bone defects 118:129 bone defects 118:129 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 5 16 theme composite 874:882 arg1 scaffolds 884:892 the composite scaffolds 870:892 the composite scaffolds in bioactive form 870:910 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 9 17 from effective 1462:1470 arg1 repair 1551:1556 repair 1551:1556 repair 1551:1556 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 9 17 from effective 1462:1470 arg1 regeneration 1534:1545 bone regeneration 1529:1545 bone regeneration 1529:1545 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 8 18 theme formation 1273:1281 arg1 rate 1256:1259 the rate 1252:1259 the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1252:1315 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 8 18 theme formation 1273:1281 arg1 higher 1321:1326 higher 1321:1326 higher 1321:1326 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 4 19 theme HA 641:642 arg1 microspheres 644:655 the HA microspheres 637:655 the HA microspheres together 637:664 The chitosan not only served to bind the HA microspheres together and kept them at the implant site, but also effectively modified the release behavior of rhBMP-2. 25578692 5 20 theme in 768:769 arg1 analysis 801:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis 764:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis 764:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 5 21 dep in 768:769 arg1 vitro 771:775 vitro 771:775 vitro 771:775 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 5 22 theme release 777:783 arg1 analysis 801:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis 764:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis 764:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 2 23 theme rhBMP2 373:378 arg1 activities 359:368 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities 323:368 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold 323:415 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold were then investigated. 25578692 7 24 theme bone 1110:1113 arg1 potential 1128:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential 1102:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1102:1177 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 8 25 theme negative 1346:1353 arg1 control 1355:1361 negative control 1346:1361 negative control 1346:1361 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 7 26 theme rabbit 1198:1203 arg1 model 1219:1223 a rabbit radius defect model 1196:1223 a rabbit radius defect model 1196:1223 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 9 27 theme composite 1434:1442 arg1 scaffold 1444:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 9 27 theme composite 1434:1442 arg1 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 0 28 theme Hollow 0:5 arg1 hydroxyapatite 7:20 Hollow hydroxyapatite 0:20 Hollow hydroxyapatite 0:20 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 8 29 theme hHA/CS 1304:1309 arg1 group 1311:1315 the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1286:1315 the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1286:1315 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 6 30 theme prolonged 1028:1036 arg1 period 1038:1043 prolonged period 1028:1043 prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) 1028:1072 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 25578692 7 31 theme In 1102:1103 arg1 potential 1128:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential 1102:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1102:1177 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 1 32 theme human 277:281 arg1 rhBMP-2 313:319 rhBMP-2 313:319 rhBMP-2 313:319 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 32 theme human 277:281 arg1 protein-2 302:310 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 277:310 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) 277:320 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 5 33 from scaffolds 884:892 arg1 form 907:910 bioactive form 897:910 bioactive form 897:910 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 6 34 theme CS 1088:1089 arg1 scaffolds 1091:1099 CS scaffolds 1088:1099 CS scaffolds 1088:1099 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 25578692 9 35 theme bone 1529:1532 arg1 regeneration 1534:1545 bone regeneration 1529:1545 bone regeneration 1529:1545 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 5 36 theme bioactivity 789:799 arg1 analysis 801:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis 764:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis 764:808 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 1 37 theme bone 283:286 arg1 rhBMP-2 313:319 rhBMP-2 313:319 rhBMP-2 313:319 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 37 theme bone 283:286 arg1 protein-2 302:310 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 277:310 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) 277:320 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 0 38 theme defects 123:129 arg1 treatment 105:113 the treatment 101:113 the treatment of bone defects 101:129 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 8 39 theme new 1264:1266 arg1 formation 1273:1281 new bone formation 1264:1281 new bone formation 1264:1281 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 2 40 theme composite 398:406 arg1 scaffold 408:415 the composite scaffold 394:415 the composite scaffold 394:415 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold were then investigated. 25578692 1 41 theme morphogenetic 288:300 arg1 rhBMP-2 313:319 rhBMP-2 313:319 rhBMP-2 313:319 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 41 theme morphogenetic 288:300 arg1 protein-2 302:310 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 277:310 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) 277:320 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 7 42 theme regenerative 1115:1126 arg1 potential 1128:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential 1102:1136 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds 1102:1177 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 3 43 theme chitosan 583:590 arg1 matrix 592:597 the chitosan matrix 579:597 the chitosan matrix 579:597 The rhBMP-2 was firstly loaded into the hollow HA microspheres, and then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres were further incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 25578692 9 44 from regeneration 1534:1545 arg1 scaffold 1444:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 9 44 from regeneration 1534:1545 arg1 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 1 45 theme designated 205:214 arg1 chitosan 195:202 chitosan 195:202 chitosan (designated hHA/CS) 195:222 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 45 theme designated 205:214 arg1 hHA/CS 216:221 designated hHA/CS 205:221 designated hHA/CS 205:221 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 6 46 theme time 1048:1051 arg1 period 1038:1043 prolonged period 1028:1043 prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) 1028:1072 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 25578692 0 47 theme delivery 69:76 arg1 vehicle 78:84 a sustained delivery vehicle 57:84 a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 57:96 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 0 47 theme delivery 69:76 arg1 composite 44:52 composite 44:52 composite 44:52 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 6 48 theme composite 930:938 arg1 scaffolds 940:948 the composite scaffolds 926:948 the composite scaffolds 926:948 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 25578692 9 49 from repair 1551:1556 arg1 scaffold 1444:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 the hHA/CS composite scaffold 1423:1451 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 9 49 from repair 1551:1556 arg1 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 effective 1462:1470 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 4 50 theme implant 687:693 arg1 site 695:698 the implant site 683:698 the implant site 683:698 The chitosan not only served to bind the HA microspheres together and kept them at the implant site, but also effectively modified the release behavior of rhBMP-2. 25578692 0 51 theme sustained 59:67 arg1 vehicle 78:84 a sustained delivery vehicle 57:84 a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 57:96 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 0 51 theme sustained 59:67 arg1 composite 44:52 composite 44:52 composite 44:52 Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. 25578692 3 52 theme hollow 481:486 arg1 microspheres 491:502 the hollow HA microspheres 477:502 the hollow HA microspheres 477:502 The rhBMP-2 was firstly loaded into the hollow HA microspheres, and then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres were further incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 25578692 8 53 theme CS 1381:1382 arg1 group 1384:1388 rhBMP2-loaded CS group 1367:1388 rhBMP2-loaded CS group 1367:1388 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 8 54 from rate 1256:1259 arg1 group 1311:1315 the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1286:1315 the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group 1286:1315 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 2 55 attach released 380:387 arg1 scaffold 408:415 the composite scaffold 394:415 the composite scaffold 394:415 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold were then investigated. 25578692 2 55 attach released 380:387 arg2 rhBMP2 373:378 rhBMP2 373:378 rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold 373:415 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold were then investigated. 25578692 1 56 theme Composite 132:140 arg1 scaffold 142:149 Composite scaffold 132:149 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) 132:222 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 1 56 theme Composite 132:140 arg1 vehicle 251:257 a delivery vehicle 240:257 a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) 240:320 Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). 25578692 6 57 theme rhBMP2 1001:1006 arg1 release 990:996 the initial burst release 972:996 the initial burst release of rhBMP2 972:1006 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 25578692 4 58 theme release 735:741 arg1 behavior 743:750 the release behavior 731:750 the release behavior of rhBMP-2 731:761 The chitosan not only served to bind the HA microspheres together and kept them at the implant site, but also effectively modified the release behavior of rhBMP-2. 25578692 5 59 theme bioactive 897:905 arg1 form 907:910 bioactive form 897:910 bioactive form 897:910 The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. 25578692 8 60 theme bone 1268:1271 arg1 formation 1273:1281 new bone formation 1264:1281 new bone formation 1264:1281 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 7 61 theme defect 1212:1217 arg1 model 1219:1223 a rabbit radius defect model 1196:1223 a rabbit radius defect model 1196:1223 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 8 62 theme rhBMP2-loaded 1367:1379 arg1 group 1384:1388 rhBMP2-loaded CS group 1367:1388 rhBMP2-loaded CS group 1367:1388 The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. 25578692 2 63 theme biological 348:357 arg1 activities 359:368 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities 323:368 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold 323:415 The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold were then investigated. 25578692 9 64 theme growth 1511:1516 arg1 factors 1518:1524 growth factors 1511:1524 growth factors 1511:1524 These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair. 25578692 7 65 theme radius 1205:1210 arg1 model 1219:1223 a rabbit radius defect model 1196:1223 a rabbit radius defect model 1196:1223 In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. 25578692 6 66 theme burst 984:988 arg1 release 990:996 the initial burst release 972:996 the initial burst release of rhBMP2 972:1006 In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. 27343705 0 0 theme bacterial 65:73 arg1 composites 95:104 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 65:104 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 65:104 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium(VI) ions removal by bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites. 27343705 3 1 from immobilization 661:674 arg1 membrane 699:706 bacterial cellulose membrane 679:706 bacterial cellulose membrane 679:706 Magnetic properties were also measured to confirm the magnetite immobilization on bacterial cellulose membrane. 27343705 6 2 theme lowest 1208:1213 arg1 leaching 1220:1227 the lowest iron leaching 1204:1227 the lowest iron leaching in the solution 1204:1243 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 2 3 theme uniform 543:549 arg1 dispersion 551:560 the uniform dispersion 539:560 the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix 539:594 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 6 4 dep observed 1171:1178 arg1 VI 1144:1145 VI 1144:1145 VI 1144:1145 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 6 4 dep observed 1171:1178 arg1 accompanied 1189:1199 accompanied 1189:1199 accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution 1189:1243 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 4 5 theme solution 754:761 arg1 pH 763:764 solution pH 754:764 solution pH 754:764 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 2 6 from dispersion 551:560 arg1 matrix 589:594 the BC matrix 582:594 the BC matrix 582:594 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 3 7 theme bacterial 679:687 arg1 membrane 699:706 bacterial cellulose membrane 679:706 bacterial cellulose membrane 679:706 Magnetic properties were also measured to confirm the magnetite immobilization on bacterial cellulose membrane. 27343705 2 8 theme BC 586:587 arg1 matrix 589:594 the BC matrix 582:594 the BC matrix 582:594 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 4 9 dep concentration 739:751 arg1 VI 735:736 VI 735:736 VI 735:736 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 5 10 theme iron 965:968 arg1 leaching 970:977 iron leaching 965:977 iron leaching 965:977 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 3 11 theme cellulose 689:697 arg1 membrane 699:706 bacterial cellulose membrane 679:706 bacterial cellulose membrane 679:706 Magnetic properties were also measured to confirm the magnetite immobilization on bacterial cellulose membrane. 27343705 2 12 theme scanning 283:290 arg1 microscopy 301:310 scanning electron microscopy 283:310 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 283:316 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 12 theme scanning 283:290 arg1 SEM 313:315 SEM 313:315 SEM 313:315 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 13 theme electron 292:299 arg1 microscopy 301:310 scanning electron microscopy 283:310 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 283:316 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 13 theme electron 292:299 arg1 SEM 313:315 SEM 313:315 SEM 313:315 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 0 14 theme cellulose-magnetite 75:93 arg1 composites 95:104 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 65:104 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 65:104 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium(VI) ions removal by bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites. 27343705 4 15 theme concentration 739:751 arg1 effects 713:719 The effects 709:719 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal 709:809 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 8 16 used used 1443:1446 arg2 composites 1423:1432 the BC-magnetite composites 1406:1432 the BC-magnetite composites 1406:1432 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 2 17 theme bacterial 484:492 arg1 composites 514:523 the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 480:523 the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 480:523 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 5 18 theme dissolution 907:917 arg1 possibility 882:892 the possibility 878:892 the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption 878:948 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 4 19 theme pH 763:764 arg1 effects 713:719 The effects 709:719 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal 709:809 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 5 20 theme chromium 926:933 arg1 adsorption 939:948 chromium(VI) adsorption 926:948 chromium(VI) adsorption 926:948 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 5 21 theme magnetite 897:905 arg1 dissolution 907:917 magnetite dissolution 897:917 magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption 897:948 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 8 22 theme magnetite 1527:1535 arg1 dissolution 1537:1547 a minimum magnetite dissolution 1517:1547 a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1517:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 8 23 theme diluted 1494:1500 arg1 solutions 1502:1510 diluted solutions 1494:1510 diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1494:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 0 24 theme Box-Behnken 0:10 arg1 design 25:30 Box-Behnken experimental design 0:30 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium 0:43 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium(VI) ions removal by bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites. 27343705 7 25 theme adsorption 1250:1259 arg1 experiments 1261:1271 The adsorption experiments 1246:1271 The adsorption experiments 1246:1271 The adsorption experiments also indicated that the adsorption process of chromium(VI) is well described by Freundlich adsorption model. 27343705 0 26 theme experimental 12:23 arg1 design 25:30 Box-Behnken experimental design 0:30 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium 0:43 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium(VI) ions removal by bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites. 27343705 7 27 theme adsorption 1364:1373 arg1 model 1375:1379 Freundlich adsorption model 1353:1379 Freundlich adsorption model 1353:1379 The adsorption experiments also indicated that the adsorption process of chromium(VI) is well described by Freundlich adsorption model. 27343705 4 28 theme Box-Behnken 847:857 arg1 Design 859:864 the statistical Box-Behnken Design 831:864 the statistical Box-Behnken Design 831:864 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 5 29 dep adsorption 1030:1039 arg1 VI 1026:1027 VI 1026:1027 VI 1026:1027 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 2 30 theme X-ray 359:363 arg1 diffraction 365:375 X-ray diffraction 359:375 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 359:381 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 30 theme X-ray 359:363 arg1 XRD 378:380 XRD 378:380 XRD 378:380 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 31 theme X-ray 415:419 arg1 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 31 theme X-ray 415:419 arg1 Spectroscopy 435:446 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 415:446 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 415:452 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 4 32 theme statistical 835:845 arg1 Design 859:864 the statistical Box-Behnken Design 831:864 the statistical Box-Behnken Design 831:864 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 4 33 theme Cr 732:733 arg1 concentration 739:751 initial Cr(VI) concentration 724:751 initial Cr(VI) concentration 724:751 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 1 34 theme chromium 198:205 arg1 removal 187:193 the removal 183:193 the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions 183:232 In this study bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites were synthesised for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. 27343705 6 35 dep adsorption 1082:1091 arg1 VI 1078:1079 VI 1078:1079 VI 1078:1079 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 6 36 theme removal 1148:1154 arg1 efficiency 1156:1165 removal efficiency 1148:1165 removal efficiency 1148:1165 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 7 37 theme chromium 1319:1326 arg1 process 1308:1314 the adsorption process 1293:1314 the adsorption process of chromium 1293:1326 The adsorption experiments also indicated that the adsorption process of chromium(VI) is well described by Freundlich adsorption model. 27343705 2 38 theme thermogravimetric 384:400 arg1 analysis 402:409 thermogravimetric analysis 384:409 thermogravimetric analysis 384:409 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 8 39 theme chromium 1476:1483 arg1 removal 1465:1471 an efficient removal 1452:1471 an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1452:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 8 40 with solutions 1502:1510 arg1 dissolution 1537:1547 a minimum magnetite dissolution 1517:1547 a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1517:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 0 41 dep ions 49:52 arg1 VI 45:46 VI 45:46 VI 45:46 Box-Behnken experimental design for chromium(VI) ions removal by bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites. 27343705 6 42 theme chromium 1069:1076 arg1 adsorption 1082:1091 chromium(VI) adsorption 1069:1091 chromium(VI) adsorption 1069:1091 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 6 43 dep Cr 1141:1142 arg1 pH. 1125:1127 pH. 1125:1127 pH. 1125:1127 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 8 44 from solutions 1502:1510 arg1 removal 1465:1471 an efficient removal 1452:1471 an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1452:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 6 45 dep factors 1051:1057 arg1 important 1102:1110 important 1102:1110 important 1102:1110 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 2 46 dep Fourier 235:241 arg1 transform 243:251 transform 243:251 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 243:452 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 6 47 from leaching 1220:1227 arg1 solution 1236:1243 the solution 1232:1243 the solution 1232:1243 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 8 48 theme minimum 1519:1525 arg1 dissolution 1537:1547 a minimum magnetite dissolution 1517:1547 a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1517:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 1 49 dep chromium 198:205 arg1 VI 207:208 VI 207:208 VI 207:208 In this study bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites were synthesised for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. 27343705 7 50 theme adsorption 1297:1306 arg1 process 1308:1314 the adsorption process 1293:1314 the adsorption process of chromium 1293:1326 The adsorption experiments also indicated that the adsorption process of chromium(VI) is well described by Freundlich adsorption model. 27343705 6 51 theme iron 1215:1218 arg1 leaching 1220:1227 the lowest iron leaching 1204:1227 the lowest iron leaching in the solution 1204:1243 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 6 52 located observed 1171:1178 arg2 efficiency 1156:1165 removal efficiency 1148:1165 removal efficiency 1148:1165 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 6 52 located observed 1171:1178 arg1 pH 1183:1184 pH 4 1183:1186 pH 4 1183:1186 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 2 53 theme nanomagnetite 565:577 arg1 dispersion 551:560 the uniform dispersion 539:560 the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix 539:594 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 8 54 theme efficient 1455:1463 arg1 removal 1465:1471 an efficient removal 1452:1471 an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation 1452:1564 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 5 55 theme same 1004:1007 arg1 conditions 1009:1018 the same conditions 1000:1018 the same conditions 1000:1018 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 7 56 theme Freundlich 1353:1362 arg1 model 1375:1379 Freundlich adsorption model 1353:1379 Freundlich adsorption model 1353:1379 The adsorption experiments also indicated that the adsorption process of chromium(VI) is well described by Freundlich adsorption model. 27343705 2 57 theme electron 332:339 arg1 TEM 353:355 TEM 353:355 TEM 353:355 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 57 theme electron 332:339 arg1 microscopy 341:350 transmission electron microscopy 319:350 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 319:356 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 7 58 dep described 1340:1348 arg1 VI 1328:1329 VI 1328:1329 VI 1328:1329 The adsorption experiments also indicated that the adsorption process of chromium(VI) is well described by Freundlich adsorption model. 27343705 8 59 dep chromium 1476:1483 arg1 VI 1485:1486 VI 1485:1486 VI 1485:1486 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 5 60 theme Cr 1023:1024 arg1 adsorption 1030:1039 Cr(VI) adsorption 1023:1039 Cr(VI) adsorption 1023:1039 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 5 60 theme Cr 1023:1024 arg1 degree 955:960 the degree 951:960 the degree of iron leaching 951:977 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 2 61 theme transmission 319:330 arg1 TEM 353:355 TEM 353:355 TEM 353:355 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 61 theme transmission 319:330 arg1 microscopy 341:350 transmission electron microscopy 319:350 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 319:356 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 4 62 theme ratio 783:787 arg1 effects 713:719 The effects 709:719 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal 709:809 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 2 63 used used 459:462 arg2 Fourier 235:241 Fourier 235:241 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 235:452 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 4 64 theme solid/liquid 770:781 arg1 ratio 783:787 solid/liquid ratio 770:787 solid/liquid ratio 770:787 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 4 65 theme chromium 794:801 arg1 removal 803:809 chromium removal 794:809 chromium removal 794:809 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 1 66 theme bacterial 121:129 arg1 composites 151:160 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 121:160 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 121:160 In this study bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites were synthesised for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. 27343705 1 67 theme aqueous 216:222 arg1 solutions 224:232 aqueous solutions 216:232 aqueous solutions 216:232 In this study bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites were synthesised for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. 27343705 1 68 from solutions 224:232 arg1 removal 187:193 the removal 183:193 the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions 183:232 In this study bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites were synthesised for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. 27343705 6 69 theme highest 1133:1139 arg1 Cr 1141:1142 The highest Cr 1129:1142 The highest Cr 1129:1142 From the factors affecting chromium(VI) adsorption the most important was solution pH. The highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed at pH 4, accompanied by the lowest iron leaching in the solution. 27343705 1 70 theme cellulose-magnetite 131:149 arg1 composites 151:160 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 121:160 bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 121:160 In this study bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites were synthesised for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. 27343705 4 71 theme initial 724:730 arg1 concentration 739:751 initial Cr(VI) concentration 724:751 initial Cr(VI) concentration 724:751 The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and solid/liquid ratio upon chromium removal were examined using the statistical Box-Behnken Design. 27343705 3 72 theme magnetite 651:659 arg1 immobilization 661:674 the magnetite immobilization 647:674 the magnetite immobilization on bacterial cellulose membrane 647:706 Magnetic properties were also measured to confirm the magnetite immobilization on bacterial cellulose membrane. 27343705 2 73 theme infrared 253:260 arg1 FTIR 276:279 FTIR 276:279 FTIR 276:279 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 73 theme infrared 253:260 arg1 spectroscopy 262:273 infrared spectroscopy 253:273 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 253:280 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 5 74 dep adsorption 939:948 arg1 VI 935:936 VI 935:936 VI 935:936 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 5 75 theme leaching 970:977 arg1 degree 955:960 the degree 951:960 the degree of iron leaching 951:977 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 5 75 theme leaching 970:977 arg1 adsorption 1030:1039 Cr(VI) adsorption 1023:1039 Cr(VI) adsorption 1023:1039 Because of the possibility of magnetite dissolution during chromium(VI) adsorption, the degree of iron leaching was also analysed in the same conditions as Cr(VI) adsorption. 27343705 8 76 theme BC-magnetite 1410:1421 arg1 composites 1423:1432 the BC-magnetite composites 1406:1432 the BC-magnetite composites 1406:1432 Our results proved that the BC-magnetite composites could be used for an efficient removal of chromium(VI) from diluted solutions with a minimum magnetite dissolution during operation. 27343705 3 77 theme Magnetic 597:604 arg1 properties 606:615 Magnetic properties 597:615 Magnetic properties 597:615 Magnetic properties were also measured to confirm the magnetite immobilization on bacterial cellulose membrane. 27343705 2 78 theme Photoelectron 421:433 arg1 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 78 theme Photoelectron 421:433 arg1 Spectroscopy 435:446 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 415:446 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 415:452 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 27343705 2 79 theme cellulose-magnetite 494:512 arg1 composites 514:523 the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 480:523 the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites 480:523 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the bacterial cellulose-magnetite composites and to reveal the uniform dispersion of nanomagnetite in the BC matrix. 26993426 12 0 theme complement 2022:2031 arg1 activation 2033:2042 the fluid phase complement activation 2006:2042 the fluid phase complement activation mediated through CR3 2006:2063 MCP-1 is one exception dependent on the fluid phase complement activation mediated through CR3. 26993426 4 1 theme elevated 907:914 arg1 secretion 928:936 an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 904:936 an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 904:936 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 6 2 theme complement 1264:1273 arg1 deposition 1283:1292 complement surface deposition 1264:1292 complement surface deposition 1264:1292 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 2 3 theme microsphere 363:373 arg1 types 375:379 the four main alginate microsphere types 340:379 the four main alginate microsphere types 340:379 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 CCL2 1194:1197 CCL2 1194:1197 CCL2 1194:1197 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 cytokines 1095:1103 the proinflammatory cytokines 1075:1103 the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2) 1075:1198 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 interleukin 1105:1115 interleukin (IL-1)β 1105:1123 interleukin (IL-1)β 1105:1123 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 CCL3 1178:1181 CCL3 1178:1181 CCL3 1178:1181 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 IL-1 1118:1121 IL-1 1118:1121 IL-1 1118:1121 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 IL-6 1131:1134 IL-6 1131:1134 IL-6 1131:1134 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 MCP-1 1188:1192 MCP-1 1188:1192 MCP-1(CCL2) 1188:1198 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 MIP-1α 1170:1175 MIP-1α 1170:1175 MIP-1α (CCL3) 1170:1182 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 chemokines 1141:1150 the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8) 1137:1163 the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8) 1137:1163 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 4 dep cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 TNF 1126:1128 TNF 1126:1128 TNF 1126:1128 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 7 5 theme cytokines 1418:1426 arg1 reduction 1385:1393 a reduction 1383:1393 a reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines 1383:1426 The C5 inhibitions partly lead to a reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 1 6 theme alginate-based 195:208 arg1 microspheres 210:221 alginate-based microspheres 195:221 alginate-based microspheres 195:221 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 9 7 theme IL-6 1658:1661 arg1 secretion 1672:1680 the IL-6 and VEGF secretion 1654:1680 the IL-6 and VEGF secretion 1654:1680 Anti-CD18 significantly reduced the (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6 and MIP-1α and anti-CD11b significantly reduced the IL-6 and VEGF secretion. 26993426 4 8 theme significant 732:742 arg1 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 8 theme significant 732:742 arg1 activation 767:776 significant fluid phase complement activation 732:776 significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC) 732:782 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 9 9 theme VEGF 1667:1670 arg1 secretion 1672:1680 the IL-6 and VEGF secretion 1654:1680 the IL-6 and VEGF secretion 1654:1680 Anti-CD18 significantly reduced the (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6 and MIP-1α and anti-CD11b significantly reduced the IL-6 and VEGF secretion. 26993426 4 10 theme core 681:684 arg1 microcapsules 710:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 11 11 theme proinflammatory 1767:1781 arg1 responses 1792:1800 the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses 1755:1800 the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses 1755:1800 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 6 12 theme proinflammatory 1322:1336 arg1 cytokines 1338:1346 the proinflammatory cytokines 1318:1346 the proinflammatory cytokines 1318:1346 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 3 13 theme inflammatory 590:601 arg1 activation 612:621 No complement or inflammatory cytokine activation 573:621 activation 612:621 No complement or inflammatory cytokine activation was detected for the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads. 26993426 1 14 theme human 241:245 arg1 model 259:263 a human whole blood model 239:263 a human whole blood model 239:263 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 2 15 dep high 326:329 arg1 to 323:324 to 323:324 to 323:324 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 6 16 theme leukocyte 1295:1303 arg1 adhesion 1305:1312 leukocyte adhesion 1295:1312 leukocyte adhesion 1295:1312 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 5 17 theme cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 deposition 1035:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 17 theme cytokines 1095:1103 arg1 induction 1062:1070 significant induction 1050:1070 significant induction 1050:1070 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 18 theme solid 943:947 arg1 microcapsules 969:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 939:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 939:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 8 19 theme inhibitory 1469:1478 arg1 antibodies 1480:1489 inhibitory antibodies 1469:1489 inhibitory antibodies against CD18 1469:1502 The leukocyte adhesion was abolished by inhibitory antibodies against CD18 and partly reduced by CD11b, but not by CD11c. 26993426 7 20 theme C5 1353:1354 arg1 inhibitions 1356:1366 The C5 inhibitions 1349:1366 The C5 inhibitions 1349:1366 The C5 inhibitions partly lead to a reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 5 21 theme PLL-containing 954:967 arg1 microcapsules 969:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 939:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 939:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 4 22 theme phase 750:754 arg1 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 22 theme phase 750:754 arg1 activation 767:776 significant fluid phase complement activation 732:776 significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC) 732:782 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 0 23 theme activation 77:86 arg1 mechanisms 52:61 different mechanisms 42:61 different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation 42:150 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 3 24 theme alginate 650:657 arg1 microbeads 659:668 the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads 640:668 the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads 640:668 No complement or inflammatory cytokine activation was detected for the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads. 26993426 2 25 theme -containing 501:511 arg1 microcapsules 513:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 1 26 theme types 186:190 arg1 potential 170:178 The inflammatory potential 153:178 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres 153:221 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 2 27 theme PLL-containing 543:556 arg1 microcapsules 558:570 solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 532:570 solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 532:570 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 0 28 theme cytokine 110:117 arg1 release 119:125 cytokine release 110:125 cytokine release 110:125 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 1 29 theme inflammatory 157:168 arg1 potential 170:178 The inflammatory potential 153:178 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres 153:221 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 2 30 theme solid 532:536 arg1 microcapsules 558:570 solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 532:570 solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 532:570 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 11 31 theme complement 1932:1941 arg1 receptor 1943:1950 complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18) 1932:1967 complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18) 1932:1967 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 2 32 theme core 413:416 arg1 microcapsules 452:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 5 33 theme complement 1016:1025 arg1 deposition 1035:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 2 34 theme liquefied 467:475 arg1 microcapsules 513:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 0 35 theme Alginate 0:7 arg1 compositions 21:32 Alginate microsphere compositions 0:32 Alginate microsphere compositions 0:32 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 2 36 theme inflammatory 270:281 arg1 potential 283:291 The inflammatory potential 266:291 The inflammatory potential 266:291 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 4 37 theme complement 798:807 arg1 deposition 817:826 low complement surface deposition 794:826 low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c) 794:837 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 37 theme complement 798:807 arg1 anti-C3c 829:836 anti-C3c 829:836 anti-C3c 829:836 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 2 38 theme PLL 497:499 arg1 microcapsules 513:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 4 39 theme proinflammatory 850:864 arg1 cytokine 866:873 a low proinflammatory cytokine 844:873 a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion 844:883 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 0 40 theme different 42:50 arg1 mechanisms 52:61 different mechanisms 42:61 different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation 42:150 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 2 41 theme poly-l-lysine 482:494 arg1 microcapsules 513:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 2 42 theme alginate 354:361 arg1 types 375:379 the four main alginate microsphere types 340:379 the four main alginate microsphere types 340:379 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 5 43 theme proinflammatory 1079:1093 arg1 cytokines 1095:1103 the proinflammatory cytokines 1075:1103 the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2) 1075:1198 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 43 theme proinflammatory 1079:1093 arg1 interleukin 1105:1115 interleukin (IL-1)β 1105:1123 interleukin (IL-1)β 1105:1123 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 43 theme proinflammatory 1079:1093 arg1 IL-6 1131:1134 IL-6 1131:1134 IL-6 1131:1134 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 43 theme proinflammatory 1079:1093 arg1 MCP-1 1188:1192 MCP-1 1188:1192 MCP-1(CCL2) 1188:1198 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 43 theme proinflammatory 1079:1093 arg1 MIP-1α 1170:1175 MIP-1α 1170:1175 MIP-1α (CCL3) 1170:1182 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 43 theme proinflammatory 1079:1093 arg1 TNF 1126:1128 TNF 1126:1128 TNF 1126:1128 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 11 44 theme potential 1833:1841 arg1 microspheres 1820:1831 the microspheres 1816:1831 the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18) 1816:1967 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 1 45 theme whole 247:251 arg1 model 259:263 a human whole blood model 239:263 a human whole blood model 239:263 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 8 46 theme leukocyte 1433:1441 arg1 adhesion 1443:1450 The leukocyte adhesion 1429:1450 The leukocyte adhesion 1429:1450 The leukocyte adhesion was abolished by inhibitory antibodies against CD18 and partly reduced by CD11b, but not by CD11c. 26993426 11 47 theme C3b/iC3b 1869:1876 arg1 deposition 1879:1888 complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition 1854:1888 complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition 1854:1888 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 5 48 theme significant 1050:1060 arg1 induction 1062:1070 significant induction 1050:1070 significant induction 1050:1070 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 6 49 theme surface 1275:1281 arg1 deposition 1283:1292 complement surface deposition 1264:1292 complement surface deposition 1264:1292 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 11 50 theme C3 1865:1866 arg1 deposition 1879:1888 complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition 1854:1888 complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition 1854:1888 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 12 51 theme phase 2016:2020 arg1 activation 2033:2042 the fluid phase complement activation 2006:2042 the fluid phase complement activation mediated through CR3 2006:2063 MCP-1 is one exception dependent on the fluid phase complement activation mediated through CR3. 26993426 4 52 theme MCP-1 916:920 arg1 secretion 928:936 an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 904:936 an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 904:936 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 11 53 dep receptor 1943:1950 arg1 CD11b/CD18 1957:1966 CD11b/CD18 1957:1966 CD11b/CD18 1957:1966 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 11 53 dep receptor 1943:1950 arg1 CR3 1952:1954 CR3 1952:1954 complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18) 1932:1967 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 4 54 theme PLL-containing 695:708 arg1 microcapsules 710:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 6 55 theme C3 1229:1230 arg1 inhibitor 1232:1240 C3 inhibitor 1229:1240 C3 inhibitor 1229:1240 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 6 55 theme C3 1229:1230 arg1 compstatin 1217:1226 compstatin 1217:1226 compstatin (C3 inhibitor) 1217:1241 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 3 56 theme cytokine 603:610 arg1 activation 612:621 No complement or inflammatory cytokine activation 573:621 activation 612:621 No complement or inflammatory cytokine activation was detected for the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads. 26993426 1 57 theme microspheres 210:221 arg1 types 186:190 12 types 183:190 12 types of alginate-based microspheres 183:221 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 7 58 theme proinflammatory 1402:1416 arg1 cytokines 1418:1426 the proinflammatory cytokines 1398:1426 the proinflammatory cytokines 1398:1426 The C5 inhibitions partly lead to a reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 2 59 theme alginate 382:389 arg1 microbeads 391:400 alginate microbeads 382:400 alginate microbeads 382:400 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 4 60 theme Liquefied 671:679 arg1 microcapsules 710:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 2 61 theme main 349:352 arg1 types 375:379 the four main alginate microsphere types 340:379 the four main alginate microsphere types 340:379 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 4 62 theme PLO- 686:689 arg1 microcapsules 710:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules 671:722 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 63 theme CCL2 922:925 arg1 secretion 928:936 an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 904:936 an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 904:936 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 5 64 theme core 949:952 arg1 microcapsules 969:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 939:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 939:981 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 6 65 with Inhibition 1201:1210 arg1 inhibitor 1232:1240 C3 inhibitor 1229:1240 C3 inhibitor 1229:1240 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 6 65 with Inhibition 1201:1210 arg1 compstatin 1217:1226 compstatin 1217:1226 compstatin (C3 inhibitor) 1217:1241 Inhibition with compstatin (C3 inhibitor) completely abolished complement surface deposition, leukocyte adhesion and the proinflammatory cytokines. 26993426 4 66 theme secretion 928:936 arg1 exception 891:899 exception 891:899 exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion 891:936 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 3 67 theme Ca/Ba 644:648 arg1 microbeads 659:668 the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads 640:668 the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads 640:668 No complement or inflammatory cytokine activation was detected for the Ca/Ba alginate microbeads. 26993426 4 68 theme fluid 744:748 arg1 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 68 theme fluid 744:748 arg1 activation 767:776 significant fluid phase complement activation 732:776 significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC) 732:782 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 69 theme complement 756:765 arg1 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 TCC 779:781 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 69 theme complement 756:765 arg1 activation 767:776 significant fluid phase complement activation 732:776 significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC) 732:782 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 11 70 theme initial 1759:1765 arg1 responses 1792:1800 the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses 1755:1800 the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses 1755:1800 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 2 71 theme core 538:541 arg1 microcapsules 558:570 solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 532:570 solid core PLL-containing microcapsules 532:570 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 4 72 theme surface 809:815 arg1 deposition 817:826 low complement surface deposition 794:826 low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c) 794:837 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 72 theme surface 809:815 arg1 anti-C3c 829:836 anti-C3c 829:836 anti-C3c 829:836 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 0 73 theme leukocyte 131:139 arg1 activation 141:150 leukocyte activation 131:150 leukocyte activation 131:150 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 5 74 theme marked 1009:1014 arg1 deposition 1035:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 2 75 theme liquefied 403:411 arg1 microcapsules 452:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 0 76 theme microsphere 9:19 arg1 compositions 21:32 Alginate microsphere compositions 0:32 Alginate microsphere compositions 0:32 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 11 77 theme cytokine 1783:1790 arg1 responses 1792:1800 the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses 1755:1800 the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses 1755:1800 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 5 78 theme lower 993:997 arg1 TCC 999:1001 lower TCC 993:1001 lower TCC 993:1001 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 2 79 theme -containing 440:450 arg1 microcapsules 452:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 5 80 dep chemokines 1141:1150 arg1 IL-8 1152:1155 IL-8 1152:1155 the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8) 1137:1163 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 5 80 dep chemokines 1141:1150 arg1 CXCL8 1158:1162 CXCL8 1158:1162 CXCL8 1158:1162 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 4 81 theme low 794:796 arg1 deposition 817:826 low complement surface deposition 794:826 low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c) 794:837 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 4 81 theme low 794:796 arg1 anti-C3c 829:836 anti-C3c 829:836 anti-C3c 829:836 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 2 82 theme PLO 436:438 arg1 microcapsules 452:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 9 83 theme IL-1 1588:1591 arg1 β 1593:1593 the (IL-1)β 1583:1593 the (IL-1)β 1583:1593 Anti-CD18 significantly reduced the (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6 and MIP-1α and anti-CD11b significantly reduced the IL-6 and VEGF secretion. 26993426 9 83 theme IL-1 1588:1591 arg1 MIP-1α 1610:1615 MIP-1α 1610:1615 MIP-1α 1610:1615 Anti-CD18 significantly reduced the (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6 and MIP-1α and anti-CD11b significantly reduced the IL-6 and VEGF secretion. 26993426 9 83 theme IL-1 1588:1591 arg1 IL-6 1601:1604 IL-6 1601:1604 IL-6 1601:1604 Anti-CD18 significantly reduced the (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6 and MIP-1α and anti-CD11b significantly reduced the IL-6 and VEGF secretion. 26993426 9 83 theme IL-1 1588:1591 arg1 TNF 1596:1598 TNF 1596:1598 TNF 1596:1598 Anti-CD18 significantly reduced the (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6 and MIP-1α and anti-CD11b significantly reduced the IL-6 and VEGF secretion. 26993426 11 84 theme leukocyte 1891:1899 arg1 activation 1901:1910 leukocyte activation 1891:1910 leukocyte activation 1891:1910 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 4 85 theme low 846:848 arg1 cytokine 866:873 a low proinflammatory cytokine 844:873 a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion 844:883 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 2 86 theme poly-l-ornithine 418:433 arg1 microcapsules 452:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules 403:464 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 0 87 theme complement 66:75 arg1 activation 77:86 complement activation 66:86 complement activation 66:86 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 26993426 2 88 theme core 477:480 arg1 microcapsules 513:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules 467:525 The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing microcapsules. 26993426 4 89 theme cytokine 866:873 arg1 secretion 875:883 a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion 844:883 a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion 844:883 Liquefied core PLO- and PLL-containing microcapsules induced significant fluid phase complement activation (TCC), but with low complement surface deposition (anti-C3c), and a low proinflammatory cytokine secretion, with exception of an elevated MCP-1(CCL2) secretion. 26993426 11 90 theme complement 1854:1863 arg1 deposition 1879:1888 complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition 1854:1888 complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition 1854:1888 In conclusion the initial proinflammatory cytokine responses are driven by the microspheres potential to trigger complement C3 (C3b/iC3b) deposition, leukocyte activation and binding through complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18). 26993426 5 91 theme surface 1027:1033 arg1 deposition 1035:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 a marked complement surface deposition 1007:1044 The solid core PLL-containing microcapsules generated lower TCC but a marked complement surface deposition and significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1)β, TNF, IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), and MIP-1α (CCL3) and MCP-1(CCL2). 26993426 1 92 theme blood 253:257 arg1 model 259:263 a human whole blood model 239:263 a human whole blood model 239:263 The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. 26993426 12 93 theme fluid 2010:2014 arg1 activation 2033:2042 the fluid phase complement activation 2006:2042 the fluid phase complement activation mediated through CR3 2006:2063 MCP-1 is one exception dependent on the fluid phase complement activation mediated through CR3. 26993426 0 94 with mechanisms 52:61 arg1 consequences 93:104 consequences 93:104 consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation 93:150 Alginate microsphere compositions dictate different mechanisms of complement activation with consequences for cytokine release and leukocyte activation. 25063131 4 0 dep in 598:599 arg1 vivo 601:604 vivo 601:604 vivo 601:604 The resulting in vivo biological response was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25063131 3 1 theme different 545:553 arg1 properties 572:581 different physico-chemical properties 545:581 different physico-chemical properties 545:581 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 4 2 theme scanning 646:653 arg1 microscopy 664:673 scanning electron microscopy 646:673 scanning electron microscopy 646:673 The resulting in vivo biological response was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25063131 0 3 theme microscopy 77:86 arg1 study 88:92 a scanning electron microscopy study 57:92 a scanning electron microscopy study 57:92 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 5 4 theme acetate 818:824 arg1 solutions 834:842 a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions 807:842 a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 807:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 2 5 theme external 374:381 arg1 cross-linker 383:394 external cross-linker 374:394 external cross-linker 374:394 In this work, we aim at illustrating that such equilibrium can be found by processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker. 25063131 6 6 theme sodium 1009:1014 arg1 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 6 theme sodium 1009:1014 arg1 bath 1026:1029 sodium hydroxide bath 1009:1029 sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1009:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 7 7 theme hard 1159:1162 arg1 hydrogels 1164:1172 Soft and hard hydrogels 1150:1172 Soft and hard hydrogels 1150:1172 Soft and hard hydrogels exhibited bioresorption times from below 10 days to higher than 60 days, respectively. 25063131 5 8 theme high 724:727 arg1 degree 729:734 high degree 724:734 high degree of acetylation (35%) 724:755 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 5 9 theme solutions 834:842 arg1 neutralization 768:781 the neutralization 764:781 the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 764:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 6 10 theme w/w 1145:1147 arg1 % 1143:1143 2.5% w/w 1140:1147 2.5% w/w 1140:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 2 11 theme processing 327:336 arg1 hydrogels 356:364 processing chitosan physical hydrogels 327:364 processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker 327:394 In this work, we aim at illustrating that such equilibrium can be found by processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker. 25063131 5 12 theme degree 729:734 arg1 chitosan 712:719 chitosan 712:719 chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) 712:755 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 5 13 theme Soft 677:680 arg1 hydrogels 683:691 "Soft" hydrogels 676:691 "Soft" hydrogels 676:691 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 9 14 theme colonization 1580:1591 arg1 channels 1593:1600 colonization channels 1580:1600 colonization channels 1580:1600 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 4 15 theme electron 655:662 arg1 microscopy 664:673 scanning electron microscopy 646:673 scanning electron microscopy 646:673 The resulting in vivo biological response was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25063131 8 16 theme cell 1284:1287 arg1 colonization 1289:1300 cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms 1284:1335 colonization 1289:1300 We also evidenced that cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms depend on the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties. 25063131 5 17 theme " 681:681 arg1 hydrogels 683:691 "Soft" hydrogels 676:691 "Soft" hydrogels 676:691 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 2 18 theme such 294:297 arg1 equilibrium 299:309 such equilibrium 294:309 such equilibrium 294:309 In this work, we aim at illustrating that such equilibrium can be found by processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker. 25063131 9 19 theme processing 1488:1497 arg1 conditions 1499:1508 Specific processing conditions 1479:1508 Specific processing conditions 1479:1508 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 1 20 theme suitable 187:194 arg1 balance 196:202 suitable balance 187:202 suitable balance between versatility and elaboration simplicity 187:249 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices are widely studied and systems must present suitable balance between versatility and elaboration simplicity. 25063131 5 21 theme gaseous 788:794 arg1 ammonia 796:802 gaseous ammonia 788:802 gaseous ammonia 788:802 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 0 22 theme hydrogels 46:54 arg1 mechanisms 14:23 Bioresorption mechanisms 0:23 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels 0:54 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 5 23 theme polymer 859:865 arg1 concentration 867:879 low polymer concentration 855:879 low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 855:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 5 23 theme polymer 859:865 arg1 % 888:888 Cp=1.6% w/w 882:892 Cp=1.6% w/w 882:892 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 6 24 theme w/w 1081:1083 arg1 solutions 1064:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions 1039:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) 1039:1106 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 24 theme w/w 1081:1083 arg1 water/1,2-propanediol 1085:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 5 25 theme low 855:857 arg1 concentration 867:879 low polymer concentration 855:879 low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 855:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 5 25 theme low 855:857 arg1 % 888:888 Cp=1.6% w/w 882:892 Cp=1.6% w/w 882:892 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 5 26 theme chitosan 809:816 arg1 acetate 818:824 a chitosan acetate 807:824 a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 807:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 0 27 dep study 88:92 arg1 mechanisms 14:23 Bioresorption mechanisms 0:23 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels 0:54 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 6 28 theme 50/50 1075:1079 arg1 solutions 1064:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions 1039:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) 1039:1106 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 28 theme 50/50 1075:1079 arg1 water/1,2-propanediol 1085:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 0 29 theme Bioresorption 0:12 arg1 mechanisms 14:23 Bioresorption mechanisms 0:23 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels 0:54 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 7 30 theme Soft 1150:1153 arg1 hydrogels 1164:1172 Soft and hard hydrogels 1150:1172 Soft and hard hydrogels 1150:1172 Soft and hard hydrogels exhibited bioresorption times from below 10 days to higher than 60 days, respectively. 25063131 1 31 theme Tissue-engineered 95:111 arg1 devices 135:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices 95:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices 95:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices are widely studied and systems must present suitable balance between versatility and elaboration simplicity. 25063131 2 32 from aim 269:271 arg1 work 260:263 this work 255:263 this work 255:263 In this work, we aim at illustrating that such equilibrium can be found by processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker. 25063131 6 33 theme Harder 897:902 arg1 hydrogels 905:913 "Harder" hydrogels 896:913 "Harder" hydrogels 896:913 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 0 34 theme chitosan 28:35 arg1 hydrogels 46:54 chitosan physical hydrogels 28:54 chitosan physical hydrogels 28:54 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 4 35 theme biological 606:615 arg1 response 617:624 The resulting in vivo biological response 584:624 The resulting in vivo biological response 584:624 The resulting in vivo biological response was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25063131 9 36 theme micron-range 1518:1529 arg1 formation 1541:1549 micron-range capillary formation 1518:1549 micron-range capillary formation 1518:1549 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 1 37 theme biodegradable 113:125 arg1 devices 135:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices 95:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices 95:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices are widely studied and systems must present suitable balance between versatility and elaboration simplicity. 25063131 6 38 theme solutions 1064:1072 arg1 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 38 theme solutions 1064:1072 arg1 bath 1026:1029 sodium hydroxide bath 1009:1029 sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1009:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 9 39 theme resorption 1622:1631 arg1 scenario 1633:1640 the resorption scenario 1618:1640 the resorption scenario 1618:1640 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 6 40 theme " 903:903 arg1 hydrogels 905:913 "Harder" hydrogels 896:913 "Harder" hydrogels 896:913 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 1 41 theme medical 127:133 arg1 devices 135:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices 95:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices 95:141 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices are widely studied and systems must present suitable balance between versatility and elaboration simplicity. 25063131 6 42 theme lower 948:952 arg1 degree 954:959 lower degree 948:959 lower degree of acetylation (5%) 948:979 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 43 theme chitosan 1055:1062 arg1 solutions 1064:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions 1039:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) 1039:1106 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 43 theme chitosan 1055:1062 arg1 water/1,2-propanediol 1085:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 3 44 theme solvent 444:450 arg1 composition 452:462 solvent composition 444:462 solvent composition 444:462 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 6 45 theme hydro-alcoholic 1039:1053 arg1 solutions 1064:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions 1039:1072 hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) 1039:1106 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 45 theme hydro-alcoholic 1039:1053 arg1 water/1,2-propanediol 1085:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol 1075:1105 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 5 46 theme w/w 890:892 arg1 concentration 867:879 low polymer concentration 855:879 low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 855:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 5 46 theme w/w 890:892 arg1 % 888:888 Cp=1.6% w/w 882:892 Cp=1.6% w/w 882:892 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 0 47 theme physical 37:44 arg1 hydrogels 46:54 chitosan physical hydrogels 28:54 chitosan physical hydrogels 28:54 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 4 48 theme resulting 588:596 arg1 response 617:624 The resulting in vivo biological response 584:624 The resulting in vivo biological response 584:624 The resulting in vivo biological response was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25063131 5 49 theme aqueous 826:832 arg1 solutions 834:842 a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions 807:842 a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w) 807:893 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 1 50 dep versatility 212:222 arg1 simplicity 240:249 simplicity 240:249 simplicity 240:249 Tissue-engineered biodegradable medical devices are widely studied and systems must present suitable balance between versatility and elaboration simplicity. 25063131 8 51 with relation 1442:1449 arg1 properties 1467:1476 mechanical properties 1456:1476 mechanical properties 1456:1476 We also evidenced that cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms depend on the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties. 25063131 3 52 theme acetylation 431:441 arg1 degree 421:426 degree 421:426 degree of acetylation 421:441 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 3 52 theme acetylation 431:441 arg1 concentration 406:418 Chitosan concentration 397:418 Chitosan concentration 397:418 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 3 52 theme acetylation 431:441 arg1 route 484:488 neutralization route 469:488 neutralization route 469:488 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 3 52 theme acetylation 431:441 arg1 composition 452:462 solvent composition 444:462 solvent composition 444:462 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 3 53 theme neutralization 469:482 arg1 route 484:488 neutralization route 469:488 neutralization route 469:488 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 9 54 theme capillary 1531:1539 arg1 formation 1541:1549 micron-range capillary formation 1518:1549 micron-range capillary formation 1518:1549 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 6 55 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 concentration 1123:1135 a polymer concentration 1113:1135 a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1113:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 56 theme acetylation 964:974 arg1 degree 954:959 lower degree 948:959 lower degree of acetylation (5%) 948:979 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 5 57 theme acetylation 739:749 arg1 degree 729:734 high degree 724:734 high degree of acetylation (35%) 724:755 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 7 58 from days 1218:1221 arg1 times 1198:1202 bioresorption times 1184:1202 bioresorption times from below 10 days to higher than 60 days 1184:1244 Soft and hard hydrogels exhibited bioresorption times from below 10 days to higher than 60 days, respectively. 25063131 5 59 with neutralization 768:781 arg1 ammonia 796:802 gaseous ammonia 788:802 gaseous ammonia 788:802 "Soft" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan of high degree of acetylation (35%) and by the neutralization with gaseous ammonia of a chitosan acetate aqueous solutions presenting low polymer concentration (Cp=1.6% w/w). 25063131 3 60 theme physico-chemical 555:570 arg1 properties 572:581 different physico-chemical properties 545:581 different physico-chemical properties 545:581 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 25063131 4 61 theme in 598:599 arg1 response 617:624 The resulting in vivo biological response 584:624 The resulting in vivo biological response 584:624 The resulting in vivo biological response was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25063131 6 62 theme hydroxide 1016:1024 arg1 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 62 theme hydroxide 1016:1024 arg1 bath 1026:1029 sodium hydroxide bath 1009:1029 sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1009:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 63 with bath 1026:1029 arg1 concentration 1123:1135 a polymer concentration 1113:1135 a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1113:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 2 64 theme physical 347:354 arg1 hydrogels 356:364 processing chitosan physical hydrogels 327:364 processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker 327:394 In this work, we aim at illustrating that such equilibrium can be found by processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker. 25063131 8 65 theme elaboration 1403:1413 arg1 conditions 1415:1424 elaboration conditions 1403:1424 elaboration conditions 1403:1424 We also evidenced that cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms depend on the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties. 25063131 6 66 from neutralization 991:1004 arg1 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 1M 1032:1033 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 6 66 from neutralization 991:1004 arg1 bath 1026:1029 sodium hydroxide bath 1009:1029 sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1009:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 8 67 theme hydrogel-aggregated 1351:1369 arg1 structure 1371:1379 the hydrogel-aggregated structure 1347:1379 the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties 1347:1476 We also evidenced that cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms depend on the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties. 25063131 2 68 theme chitosan 338:345 arg1 hydrogels 356:364 processing chitosan physical hydrogels 327:364 processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker 327:394 In this work, we aim at illustrating that such equilibrium can be found by processing chitosan physical hydrogels without external cross-linker. 25063131 0 69 theme electron 68:75 arg1 microscopy 77:86 scanning electron microscopy 59:86 a scanning electron microscopy study 57:92 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 9 70 dep induced 1510:1516 arg1 assimilated 1565:1575 assimilated 1565:1575 assimilated 1565:1575 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 6 71 theme polymer 1115:1121 arg1 concentration 1123:1135 a polymer concentration 1113:1135 a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w 1113:1147 "Harder" hydrogels were obtained from chitosan with lower degree of acetylation (5%) and after neutralization in sodium hydroxide bath (1M) of hydro-alcoholic chitosan solutions (50/50 w/w water/1,2-propanediol) with a polymer concentration of 2.5% w/w. 25063131 9 72 theme Specific 1479:1486 arg1 conditions 1499:1508 Specific processing conditions 1479:1508 Specific processing conditions 1479:1508 Specific processing conditions induced micron-range capillary formation, which can be assimilated to colonization channels, also acting on the resorption scenario. 25063131 0 73 theme scanning 59:66 arg1 microscopy 77:86 scanning electron microscopy 59:86 a scanning electron microscopy study 57:92 Bioresorption mechanisms of chitosan physical hydrogels: a scanning electron microscopy study. 25063131 8 74 theme mechanical 1456:1465 arg1 properties 1467:1476 mechanical properties 1456:1476 mechanical properties 1456:1476 We also evidenced that cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms depend on the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties. 25063131 8 75 theme neo-vascularization 1306:1324 arg1 mechanisms 1326:1335 cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms 1284:1335 mechanisms 1326:1335 We also evidenced that cell colonization and neo-vascularization mechanisms depend on the hydrogel-aggregated structure that is controlled by elaboration conditions and possibly in relation with mechanical properties. 25063131 7 76 theme bioresorption 1184:1196 arg1 times 1198:1202 bioresorption times 1184:1202 bioresorption times from below 10 days to higher than 60 days 1184:1244 Soft and hard hydrogels exhibited bioresorption times from below 10 days to higher than 60 days, respectively. 25063131 3 77 theme Chitosan 397:404 arg1 concentration 406:418 Chitosan concentration 397:418 Chitosan concentration 397:418 Chitosan concentration, degree of acetylation, solvent composition, and neutralization route were modulated in order to obtain hydrogels exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. 27987994 5 0 theme hydroxyapatite 725:738 arg1 coating 745:751 homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 704:751 homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 704:751 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 6 1 theme MC3T3-E1 865:872 arg1 preosteoblasts 874:887 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts 865:887 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts 865:887 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 1 2 theme natural 233:239 arg1 ECM 263:265 ECM 263:265 ECM 263:265 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 1 2 theme natural 233:239 arg1 matrix 255:260 natural extracellular matrix 233:260 natural extracellular matrix (ECM) 233:266 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 1 3 theme extracellular 241:253 arg1 ECM 263:265 ECM 263:265 ECM 263:265 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 1 3 theme extracellular 241:253 arg1 matrix 255:260 natural extracellular matrix 233:260 natural extracellular matrix (ECM) 233:266 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 5 4 theme SBF-like 682:689 arg1 solution 691:698 10x SBF-like solution 678:698 10x SBF-like solution 678:698 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 6 5 theme culture 844:850 arg1 studies 852:858 Cell culture studies 839:858 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts 839:887 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 6 theme Cell 839:842 arg1 studies 852:858 Cell culture studies 839:858 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts 839:887 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 1 7 theme Simulated 89:97 arg1 SBF 111:113 SBF 111:113 SBF 111:113 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 1 7 theme Simulated 89:97 arg1 fluid 104:108 Simulated body fluid 89:108 Simulated body fluid (SBF) 89:114 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 4 8 theme foaming 631:637 arg1 methods 639:645 microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods 601:645 microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods 601:645 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 1 9 theme body 99:102 arg1 SBF 111:113 SBF 111:113 SBF 111:113 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 1 9 theme body 99:102 arg1 fluid 104:108 Simulated body fluid 89:108 Simulated body fluid (SBF) 89:114 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 2 10 theme times 357:361 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 3D scaffolds 310:321 3D scaffolds 310:321 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 2 10 theme times 357:361 arg1 necessity 331:339 the necessity 327:339 the necessity of long process times 327:361 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 0 11 theme biomimetic 18:27 arg1 approach 29:36 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach 0:36 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach for hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan 0:76 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach for hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 3 12 theme rapid 478:482 arg1 coating 497:503 rapid and internal coating 478:503 rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds 478:525 In the present study, a microwave-assisted process was developed for rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 1 13 from phosphates 133:142 arg1 materials 162:170 osteoinductive materials 147:170 osteoinductive materials 147:170 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 2 14 theme bulk 294:297 arg1 coating 299:305 bulk coating 294:305 bulk coating 294:305 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 2 15 theme process 349:355 arg1 times 357:361 long process times 344:361 long process times 344:361 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 0 16 theme Microwave-induced 0:16 arg1 approach 29:36 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach 0:36 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach for hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan 0:76 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach for hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 2 17 theme long 344:347 arg1 times 357:361 long process times 344:361 long process times 344:361 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 5 18 theme microwave 769:777 arg1 treatment 779:787 microwave treatment 769:787 microwave treatment 769:787 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 6 19 theme tissue 1041:1046 arg1 engineering 1048:1058 bone tissue engineering 1036:1058 bone tissue engineering 1036:1058 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 3 20 theme chitosan 508:515 arg1 scaffolds 517:525 chitosan scaffolds 508:525 chitosan scaffolds 508:525 In the present study, a microwave-assisted process was developed for rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 3 21 theme present 416:422 arg1 study 424:428 the present study 412:428 the present study 412:428 In the present study, a microwave-assisted process was developed for rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 3 22 theme scaffolds 517:525 arg1 coating 497:503 rapid and internal coating 478:503 rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds 478:525 In the present study, a microwave-assisted process was developed for rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 6 23 theme composite 1012:1020 arg1 scaffolds 1022:1030 composite scaffolds 1012:1030 composite scaffolds 1012:1030 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 24 with studies 852:858 arg1 preosteoblasts 874:887 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts 865:887 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts 865:887 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 4 25 theme microwave 601:609 arg1 irradiation 611:621 microwave irradiation 601:621 microwave irradiation 601:621 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 4 26 theme gas 627:629 arg1 foaming 631:637 gas foaming 627:637 gas foaming 627:637 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 2 27 theme common 371:376 arg1 difficulties 278:289 difficulties 278:289 difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times 278:361 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 2 27 theme common 371:376 arg1 problems 378:385 the common problems 367:385 the common problems for coating with SBF 367:406 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 0 28 theme hydroxyapatite 42:55 arg1 coatings 57:64 hydroxyapatite coatings 42:64 hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan 42:76 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach for hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 6 29 theme biomimetic 920:929 arg1 HA 931:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA 901:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process 901:948 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 29 theme biomimetic 920:929 arg1 method 995:1000 an efficient and rapid method 972:1000 an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 972:1058 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 30 theme bone 1036:1039 arg1 engineering 1048:1058 bone tissue engineering 1036:1058 bone tissue engineering 1036:1058 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 0 31 theme chitosan 69:76 arg1 coatings 57:64 hydroxyapatite coatings 42:64 hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan 42:76 Microwave-induced biomimetic approach for hydroxyapatite coatings of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 6 32 theme microwave-assisted 901:918 arg1 HA 931:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA 901:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process 901:948 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 32 theme microwave-assisted 901:918 arg1 method 995:1000 an efficient and rapid method 972:1000 an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 972:1058 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 3 33 theme microwave-assisted 433:450 arg1 process 452:458 a microwave-assisted process 431:458 a microwave-assisted process 431:458 In the present study, a microwave-assisted process was developed for rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 4 34 theme superporous 561:571 arg1 hydrogel 573:580 superporous hydrogel 561:580 superporous hydrogel (SPH) 561:586 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 4 34 theme superporous 561:571 arg1 scaffolds 532:540 The scaffolds 528:540 The scaffolds 528:540 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 4 34 theme superporous 561:571 arg1 SPH 583:585 SPH 583:585 SPH 583:585 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 1 35 used used 189:192 arg2 it 176:177 it 176:177 it 176:177 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 2 36 theme 3D 310:311 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 3D scaffolds 310:321 3D scaffolds 310:321 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 6 37 theme rapid 989:993 arg1 HA 931:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA 901:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process 901:948 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 37 theme rapid 989:993 arg1 method 995:1000 an efficient and rapid method 972:1000 an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 972:1058 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 1 38 theme calcium 125:131 arg1 phosphates 133:142 calcium phosphates 125:142 calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials 125:170 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 5 39 theme nucleating 821:830 arg1 agent 832:836 any nucleating agent 817:836 any nucleating agent 817:836 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 1 40 theme bone 209:212 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 bone scaffolds 209:222 bone scaffolds 209:222 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 3 41 theme internal 488:495 arg1 coating 497:503 rapid and internal coating 478:503 rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds 478:525 In the present study, a microwave-assisted process was developed for rapid and internal coating of chitosan scaffolds. 27987994 2 42 theme coating 299:305 arg1 difficulties 278:289 difficulties 278:289 difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times 278:361 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 2 42 theme coating 299:305 arg1 problems 378:385 the common problems 367:385 the common problems for coating with SBF 367:406 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 1 43 theme scaffolds 214:222 arg1 coating 198:204 coating 198:204 coating of bone scaffolds 198:222 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 5 44 theme homogenous 704:713 arg1 HA 741:742 HA 741:742 HA 741:742 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 5 44 theme homogenous 704:713 arg1 hydroxyapatite 725:738 homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite 704:738 homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 704:751 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 5 45 theme agent 832:836 arg1 need 809:812 the need 805:812 the need of any nucleating agent 805:836 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 4 46 theme irradiation 611:621 arg1 methods 639:645 microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods 601:645 microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods 601:645 The scaffolds were fabricated as superporous hydrogel (SPH) by combining microwave irradiation and gas foaming methods. 27987994 5 47 theme bone-like 715:723 arg1 HA 741:742 HA 741:742 HA 741:742 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 5 47 theme bone-like 715:723 arg1 hydroxyapatite 725:738 homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite 704:738 homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 704:751 Then, they were immersed into 10x SBF-like solution and homogenous bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was achieved by microwave treatment at 600W without the need of any nucleating agent. 27987994 1 48 theme osteoinductive 147:160 arg1 materials 162:170 osteoinductive materials 147:170 osteoinductive materials 147:170 Simulated body fluid (SBF) can form calcium phosphates on osteoinductive materials, so it is widely used for coating of bone scaffolds to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). 27987994 2 49 from difficulties 278:289 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 3D scaffolds 310:321 3D scaffolds 310:321 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 2 49 from difficulties 278:289 arg1 necessity 331:339 the necessity 327:339 the necessity of long process times 327:361 However, difficulties of bulk coating in 3D scaffolds and the necessity of long process times are the common problems for coating with SBF. 27987994 6 50 theme efficient 975:983 arg1 HA 931:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA 901:932 microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process 901:948 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 27987994 6 50 theme efficient 975:983 arg1 method 995:1000 an efficient and rapid method 972:1000 an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 972:1058 Cell culture studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that microwave-assisted biomimetic HA coating process could be evaluated as an efficient and rapid method to obtain composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24454924 1 0 theme synthesis 337:345 arg1 Caspofungin 309:319 Caspofungin 309:319 Caspofungin 309:319 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 1 0 theme synthesis 337:345 arg1 antagonist 347:356 a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist 322:356 a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist 322:356 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 10 1 theme A. 1529:1530 arg1 strains 1541:1547 A. nidulans strains 1529:1547 A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA 1529:1573 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 11 2 theme Reduced 1651:1657 arg1 content 1668:1674 Reduced β-glucan content 1651:1674 Reduced β-glucan content 1651:1674 Reduced β-glucan content was correlated with increased Caspofungin sensitivity. 24454924 2 3 theme UgmA 376:379 arg1 structure 398:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure has been determined. 24454924 8 4 theme AfUgmA 1121:1126 arg1 constructs 1128:1137 mutated AfUgmA constructs 1113:1137 mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity 1113:1162 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 11 5 theme increased 1696:1704 arg1 sensitivity 1718:1728 increased Caspofungin sensitivity 1696:1728 increased Caspofungin sensitivity 1696:1728 Reduced β-glucan content was correlated with increased Caspofungin sensitivity. 24454924 3 6 theme wall 557:560 arg1 composition 562:572 wall composition 557:572 wall composition 557:572 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 4 7 theme type 650:653 arg1 phenotype 655:663 wild type phenotype 645:663 wild type phenotype 645:663 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 10 8 theme mutated 1560:1566 arg1 AfugmA 1568:1573 mutated AfugmA 1560:1573 mutated AfugmA 1560:1573 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 9 9 theme cell 1438:1441 arg1 walls 1443:1447 their cell walls 1432:1447 their cell walls 1432:1447 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 8 10 theme enzyme 1148:1153 arg1 activity 1155:1162 low enzyme activity 1144:1162 low enzyme activity 1144:1162 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 10 11 theme antifungal 1607:1616 arg1 drugs 1618:1622 antifungal drugs 1607:1622 antifungal drugs 1607:1622 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 10 11 theme antifungal 1607:1616 arg1 Caspofungin 1638:1648 Caspofungin 1638:1648 Caspofungin 1638:1648 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 5 12 theme RK 849:850 arg1 substitutions 853:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions 824:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA 824:882 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 5 13 dep residues 755:762 arg1 residues 755:762 AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 748:776 AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 748:776 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 5 13 dep residues 755:762 arg1 R327 773:776 R327 773:776 R327 773:776 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 5 13 dep residues 755:762 arg1 R182 764:767 R182 764:767 R182 764:767 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 12 14 theme β-glucan 1777:1784 arg1 content 1786:1792 β-glucan content 1777:1792 β-glucan content 1777:1792 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 8 15 theme latex 1240:1244 arg1 beads 1246:1250 fluorescent latex beads 1228:1250 fluorescent latex beads 1228:1250 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 7 16 theme rescued 1028:1034 arg1 phenotype 1036:1044 a partially rescued phenotype 1016:1044 a partially rescued phenotype 1016:1044 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 9 17 theme wild 1461:1464 arg1 type 1466:1469 wild type 1461:1469 wild type 1461:1469 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 8 18 theme hyphal 1181:1186 arg1 adhesion 1196:1203 hyphal surface adhesion 1181:1203 hyphal surface adhesion 1181:1203 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 7 19 theme Galf 979:982 arg1 generation 984:993 Galf generation 979:993 Galf generation 979:993 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 5 20 theme even 824:827 arg1 substitutions 853:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions 824:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA 824:882 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 10 21 dep A. 1529:1530 arg1 nidulans 1532:1539 nidulans 1532:1539 nidulans 1532:1539 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 3 22 with mutants 453:459 arg1 activity 481:488 altered enzyme activity 466:488 altered enzyme activity 466:488 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 5 23 theme AfUgmA 748:753 arg1 residues 755:762 AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 748:776 AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 748:776 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 5 23 theme AfUgmA 748:753 arg1 R327 773:776 R327 773:776 R327 773:776 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 5 23 theme AfUgmA 748:753 arg1 R182 764:767 R182 764:767 R182 764:767 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 3 24 from growth 546:551 arg1 nidulans 580:587 A. nidulans 577:587 A. nidulans 577:587 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 9 25 theme previous 1269:1276 arg1 results 1283:1289 previous qPCR results 1269:1289 previous qPCR results 1269:1289 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 0 26 theme several 86:92 arg1 mutants 152:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 7 27 theme AfUgmA 929:934 arg1 H63 956:958 H63 956:958 H63 956:958 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 27 theme AfUgmA 929:934 arg1 important 965:973 important 965:973 important 965:973 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 27 theme AfUgmA 929:934 arg1 histidine 945:953 the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine 915:953 the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) 915:959 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 3 28 theme AfUgmA 446:451 arg1 mutants 453:459 AfUgmA mutants 446:459 AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity 446:488 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 0 29 theme fumigatus 106:114 arg1 mutants 152:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 10 30 contain containing 1549:1558 arg1 strains 1541:1547 A. nidulans strains 1529:1547 A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA 1529:1573 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 10 30 contain containing 1549:1558 arg2 AfugmA 1568:1573 mutated AfugmA 1560:1573 mutated AfugmA 1560:1573 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 8 31 with constructs 1128:1137 arg1 activity 1155:1162 low enzyme activity 1144:1162 low enzyme activity 1144:1162 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 0 32 theme Aspergillus 0:10 arg1 composition 31:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition 0:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition 0:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 7 33 contain had 1012:1014 arg2 phenotype 1036:1044 a partially rescued phenotype 1016:1044 a partially rescued phenotype 1016:1044 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 33 contain had 1012:1014 arg1 strain 1005:1010 the H63N strain 996:1010 the H63N strain 996:1010 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 3 34 theme enzyme 474:479 arg1 activity 481:488 altered enzyme activity 466:488 altered enzyme activity 466:488 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 0 35 theme cell 21:24 arg1 composition 31:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition 0:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition 0:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 12 36 theme cell 1902:1905 arg1 integrity 1912:1920 cell wall integrity 1902:1920 cell wall integrity 1902:1920 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 5 37 with Consistent 714:723 arg1 studies 739:745 in vitro studies 730:745 in vitro studies 730:745 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 4 38 contain had 641:643 arg1 strain 634:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 38 contain had 641:643 arg1 AfugmA 626:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 38 contain had 641:643 arg2 phenotype 655:663 wild type phenotype 645:663 wild type phenotype 645:663 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 5 39 theme conservative 829:840 arg1 substitutions 853:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions 824:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA 824:882 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 12 40 theme dynamic 1849:1855 arg1 coordination 1857:1868 dynamic coordination 1849:1868 dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity 1849:1920 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 8 41 dep showed 1164:1169 arg1 increased 1171:1179 increased 1171:1179 showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads 1164:1250 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 1 42 dep Aspergillus 187:197 arg1 nidulans 199:206 nidulans 199:206 nidulans 199:206 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 9 43 theme A. 1363:1364 arg1 strains 1375:1381 AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains 1336:1381 AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains 1336:1381 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 12 44 theme cell 1878:1881 arg1 wall 1883:1886 cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity 1878:1920 wall 1883:1886 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 10 45 theme AnugmA▵ 1513:1519 arg1 strain 1521:1526 the AnugmA▵ strain 1509:1526 the AnugmA▵ strain 1509:1526 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 12 46 theme hyphal 1824:1829 arg1 walls 1831:1835 A. nidulans hyphal walls 1812:1835 A. nidulans hyphal walls 1812:1835 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 12 47 theme wall 1907:1910 arg1 integrity 1912:1920 cell wall integrity 1902:1920 cell wall integrity 1902:1920 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 4 48 theme AnugmA 608:613 arg1 strain 634:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 48 theme AnugmA 608:613 arg1 AfugmA 626:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 5 49 theme amino 842:846 arg1 substitutions 853:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions 824:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA 824:882 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 0 50 dep Aspergillus 0:10 arg1 nidulans 12:19 nidulans 12:19 nidulans 12:19 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 1 51 theme β-1,3-glucan 324:335 arg1 Caspofungin 309:319 Caspofungin 309:319 Caspofungin 309:319 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 1 51 theme β-1,3-glucan 324:335 arg1 antagonist 347:356 a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist 322:356 a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist 322:356 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 12 52 dep wall 1883:1886 arg1 synthesis 1888:1896 synthesis 1888:1896 synthesis 1888:1896 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 4 53 contain had 689:691 arg1 genes 683:687 these genes 677:687 these genes 677:687 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 53 contain had 689:691 arg2 homology 704:711 functional homology 693:711 functional homology 693:711 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 10 54 theme increased 1582:1590 arg1 sensitivity 1592:1602 increased sensitivity 1582:1602 increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin 1582:1648 Like the AnugmA▵ strain, A. nidulans strains containing mutated AfugmA showed increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs, particularly Caspofungin. 24454924 11 55 theme β-glucan 1659:1666 arg1 content 1668:1674 Reduced β-glucan content 1651:1674 Reduced β-glucan content 1651:1674 Reduced β-glucan content was correlated with increased Caspofungin sensitivity. 24454924 12 56 dep Aspergillus 1731:1741 arg1 nidulans 1743:1750 nidulans 1743:1750 nidulans 1743:1750 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 8 57 theme mutated 1113:1119 arg1 constructs 1128:1137 mutated AfUgmA constructs 1113:1137 mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity 1113:1162 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 12 58 theme A. 1812:1813 arg1 walls 1831:1835 A. nidulans hyphal walls 1812:1835 A. nidulans hyphal walls 1812:1835 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 5 59 with important 783:791 arg1 substitutions 853:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions 824:865 even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA 824:882 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 4 60 theme complemented 594:605 arg1 strain 634:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 60 theme complemented 594:605 arg1 AfugmA 626:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 11 61 theme Caspofungin 1706:1716 arg1 sensitivity 1718:1728 increased Caspofungin sensitivity 1696:1728 increased Caspofungin sensitivity 1696:1728 Reduced β-glucan content was correlated with increased Caspofungin sensitivity. 24454924 3 62 from effect 536:541 arg1 growth 546:551 growth 546:551 growth 546:551 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 3 62 from effect 536:541 arg1 composition 562:572 wall composition 557:572 wall composition 557:572 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 1 63 theme Aspergillus 187:197 arg1 ugmA 208:211 Aspergillus nidulans ugmA 187:211 Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA) 187:220 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 1 63 theme Aspergillus 187:197 arg1 AnugmA 214:219 AnugmA 214:219 AnugmA 214:219 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 4 64 theme wild 645:648 arg1 type 650:653 wild type 645:653 wild type phenotype 645:663 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 8 65 dep A. 1081:1082 arg1 nidulans 1084:1091 nidulans 1084:1091 nidulans 1084:1091 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 1 66 theme ugmA 208:211 arg1 repression 173:182 repression 173:182 repression 173:182 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 1 66 theme ugmA 208:211 arg1 Deletion 161:168 Deletion 161:168 Deletion 161:168 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 8 67 theme low 1144:1146 arg1 activity 1155:1162 low enzyme activity 1144:1162 low enzyme activity 1144:1162 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 0 68 theme activity 143:150 arg1 mutants 152:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 8 69 theme fluorescent 1228:1238 arg1 beads 1246:1250 fluorescent latex beads 1228:1250 fluorescent latex beads 1228:1250 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 7 70 theme H63N 1000:1003 arg1 strain 1005:1010 the H63N strain 996:1010 the H63N strain 996:1010 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 9 71 theme AfugmA-complemented 1475:1493 arg1 strains 1495:1501 AfugmA-complemented strains 1475:1501 AfugmA-complemented strains 1475:1501 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 8 72 theme surface 1188:1194 arg1 adhesion 1196:1203 hyphal surface adhesion 1181:1203 hyphal surface adhesion 1181:1203 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 4 73 theme functional 693:702 arg1 homology 704:711 functional homology 693:711 functional homology 693:711 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 3 74 from composition 562:572 arg1 nidulans 580:587 A. nidulans 577:587 A. nidulans 577:587 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 12 75 theme wall 1752:1755 arg1 Galf 1757:1760 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf 1731:1760 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf 1731:1760 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 5 76 dep in 730:731 arg1 vitro 733:737 vitro 733:737 vitro 733:737 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 12 77 dep A. 1812:1813 arg1 nidulans 1815:1822 nidulans 1815:1822 nidulans 1815:1822 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 5 78 theme in 730:731 arg1 studies 739:745 in vitro studies 730:745 in vitro studies 730:745 Consistent with in vitro studies, AfUgmA residues R182 and R327 were important for its function in vivo, with even conservative amino (RK) substitutions producing AnugmA? 24454924 0 79 theme mutase 136:141 arg1 mutants 152:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 9 80 with Consistent 1253:1262 arg1 results 1283:1289 previous qPCR results 1269:1289 previous qPCR results 1269:1289 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 9 81 theme qPCR 1278:1281 arg1 results 1283:1289 previous qPCR results 1269:1289 previous qPCR results 1269:1289 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 12 82 theme Aspergillus 1731:1741 arg1 Galf 1757:1760 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf 1731:1760 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf 1731:1760 Aspergillus nidulans wall Galf, α-glucan, and β-glucan content was correlated in A. nidulans hyphal walls, suggesting dynamic coordination between cell wall synthesis and cell wall integrity. 24454924 9 83 dep A. 1363:1364 arg1 nidulans 1366:1373 nidulans 1366:1373 nidulans 1366:1373 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 0 84 theme UDP-galactopyranose 116:134 arg1 mutants 152:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants 86:158 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 7 85 theme loop 936:939 arg1 H63 956:958 H63 956:958 H63 956:958 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 85 theme loop 936:939 arg1 important 965:973 important 965:973 important 965:973 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 85 theme loop 936:939 arg1 histidine 945:953 the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine 915:953 the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) 915:959 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 86 theme conserved 919:927 arg1 H63 956:958 H63 956:958 H63 956:958 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 86 theme conserved 919:927 arg1 important 965:973 important 965:973 important 965:973 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 7 86 theme conserved 919:927 arg1 histidine 945:953 the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine 915:953 the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) 915:959 Similarly, the conserved AfUgmA loop III histidine (H63) was important for Galf generation: the H63N strain had a partially rescued phenotype compared to AnugmA▵. 24454924 0 87 dep hosting 78:84 arg1 response 66:73 response 66:73 response 66:73 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 2 88 theme crystal 390:396 arg1 structure 398:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure has been determined. 24454924 0 89 theme wall 26:29 arg1 composition 31:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition 0:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition 0:41 Aspergillus nidulans cell wall composition and function change in response to hosting several Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity mutants. 24454924 9 90 from β-glucan 1420:1427 arg1 walls 1443:1447 their cell walls 1432:1447 their cell walls 1432:1447 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 2 91 dep A. 363:364 arg1 fumigatus 366:374 fumigatus 366:374 fumigatus 366:374 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure has been determined. 24454924 9 92 theme AnugmA▵ 1336:1342 arg1 strains 1375:1381 AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains 1336:1381 AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains 1336:1381 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 3 93 theme altered 466:472 arg1 activity 481:488 altered enzyme activity 466:488 altered enzyme activity 466:488 From that study, AfUgmA mutants with altered enzyme activity were transformed into AnugmA▵ to assess their effect on growth and wall composition in A. nidulans. 24454924 9 94 theme AfugmA-mutated 1348:1361 arg1 strains 1375:1381 AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains 1336:1381 AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains 1336:1381 Consistent with previous qPCR results, immunofluorescence and ELISA indicated that AnugmA▵ and AfugmA-mutated A. nidulans strains had increased α-glucan and decreased β-glucan in their cell walls compared to wild type and AfugmA-complemented strains. 24454924 2 95 theme A. 363:364 arg1 structure 398:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure has been determined. 24454924 8 96 theme A. 1081:1082 arg1 strains 1093:1099 A. nidulans strains 1081:1099 A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity 1081:1162 Collectively, A. nidulans strains that hosted mutated AfUgmA constructs with low enzyme activity showed increased hyphal surface adhesion as assessed by binding fluorescent latex beads. 24454924 4 97 theme :: 614:615 arg1 strain 634:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 97 theme :: 614:615 arg1 AfugmA 626:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 1 98 theme galactofuranose 235:249 arg1 biosynthesis 251:262 galactofuranose biosynthesis 235:262 galactofuranose biosynthesis 235:262 Deletion or repression of Aspergillus nidulans ugmA (AnugmA), involved in galactofuranose biosynthesis, impairs growth and increases sensitivity to Caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthesis antagonist. 24454924 4 99 theme type 621:624 arg1 strain 634:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 99 theme type 621:624 arg1 AfugmA 626:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 100 theme wild 616:619 arg1 strain 634:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain 590:639 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 4 100 theme wild 616:619 arg1 AfugmA 626:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 AnugmA::wild type AfugmA 608:631 The complemented (AnugmA::wild type AfugmA) strain had wild type phenotype, indicating these genes had functional homology. 24454924 2 101 theme AfUgmA 382:387 arg1 structure 398:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure 359:406 The A. fumigatus UgmA (AfUgmA) crystal structure has been determined. 27494772 1 0 theme silicone-based 306:319 arg1 hydrogel 321:328 a silicone-based hydrogel 304:328 the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs 226:513 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 2 1 theme alginate-CaCl2 631:644 arg1 layer 646:650 a final alginate-CaCl2 layer 623:650 a final alginate-CaCl2 layer 623:650 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 2 2 contain have 716:719 arg2 features 731:738 excellent features 721:738 excellent features 721:738 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 2 2 contain have 716:719 arg1 coating 530:536 The optimised coating 516:536 The optimised coating 516:536 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 5 3 theme layers 1282:1287 arg1 composition 1263:1273 the chemical composition 1250:1273 the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug 1250:1315 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 2 4 theme CaCl2 585:589 arg1 layer 564:568 one double layer 553:568 one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins 553:703 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 5 theme different 241:249 arg1 drugs 262:266 different ophthalmic drugs 241:266 different ophthalmic drugs 241:266 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 2 6 theme tear 685:688 arg1 fluid 690:694 tear fluid 685:694 tear fluid proteins 685:703 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 7 theme ophthalmic 251:260 arg1 drugs 262:266 different ophthalmic drugs 241:266 different ophthalmic drugs 241:266 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 4 8 theme water 1007:1011 arg1 hydrophilicity 991:1004 its high hydrophilicity 982:1004 its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) 982:1028 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 4 8 theme water 1007:1011 arg1 angle≈0 1021:1027 water contact angle≈0 1007:1027 water contact angle≈0 1007:1027 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 2 9 theme alginate 574:581 arg1 layer 564:568 one double layer 553:568 one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins 553:703 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 2 10 theme diclofenac 789:798 arg1 release 755:761 the release 751:761 the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac 751:798 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 11 from types 279:283 arg1 release 230:236 the release 226:236 the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs 226:513 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 5 12 theme chemical 1254:1261 arg1 composition 1263:1273 the chemical composition 1250:1273 the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug 1250:1315 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 3 13 theme diclofenac 912:921 arg1 release 901:907 a controlled release 888:907 a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week 888:972 The coating leads to a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week. 27494772 1 14 theme natural 173:179 arg1 polymers 181:188 natural polymers 173:188 natural polymers (chitosan and alginate) 173:212 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 14 theme natural 173:179 arg1 alginate 204:211 alginate 204:211 alginate 204:211 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 14 theme natural 173:179 arg1 chitosan 191:198 chitosan 191:198 chitosan 191:198 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 5 15 theme drug 1312:1315 arg1 view 1292:1295 view 1292:1295 view of the desired drug 1292:1315 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 1 16 theme available 433:441 arg1 materials 443:451 two commercially available materials 416:451 two commercially available materials 416:451 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 2 17 theme chitosan 661:668 arg1 degradation 670:680 chitosan degradation 661:680 chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins 661:703 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 18 theme drugs 262:266 arg1 release 230:236 the release 226:236 the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs 226:513 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 2 19 theme double 557:562 arg1 layer 564:568 one double layer 553:568 one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins 553:703 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 4 20 theme surface 1087:1093 arg1 treatments 1095:1104 further surface treatments 1079:1104 further surface treatments 1079:1104 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 4 21 theme contact 1013:1019 arg1 hydrophilicity 991:1004 its high hydrophilicity 982:1004 its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) 982:1028 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 4 21 theme contact 1013:1019 arg1 angle≈0 1021:1027 water contact angle≈0 1007:1027 water contact angle≈0 1007:1027 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 3 22 theme IOL 936:938 arg1 materials 940:948 SCL and IOL materials 928:948 SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week 928:972 The coating leads to a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week. 27494772 4 23 theme high 986:989 arg1 hydrophilicity 991:1004 its high hydrophilicity 982:1004 its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) 982:1028 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 4 23 theme high 986:989 arg1 angle≈0 1021:1027 water contact angle≈0 1007:1027 water contact angle≈0 1007:1027 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 5 24 theme coating 1172:1178 arg1 specific 1183:1190 specific 1183:1190 specific 1183:1190 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 5 24 theme coating 1172:1178 arg1 effect 1157:1162 the barrier effect 1145:1162 the barrier effect of this coating 1145:1178 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 0 25 theme drug 47:50 arg1 release 52:58 drug release 47:58 drug release from ophthalmic lens 47:79 Chitosan/alginate based multilayers to control drug release from ophthalmic lens. 27494772 5 26 theme desired 1304:1310 arg1 drug 1312:1315 the desired drug 1300:1315 the desired drug 1300:1315 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 1 27 dep polymers 181:188 arg1 polymers 181:188 natural polymers 173:188 natural polymers (chitosan and alginate) 173:212 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 27 dep polymers 181:188 arg1 alginate 204:211 alginate 204:211 alginate 204:211 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 27 dep polymers 181:188 arg1 chitosan 191:198 chitosan 191:198 chitosan 191:198 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 2 28 theme fluid 690:694 arg1 proteins 696:703 tear fluid proteins 685:703 tear fluid proteins 685:703 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 2 29 theme lenses 859:864 arg1 properties 841:850 the physical properties 828:850 the physical properties of the lenses 828:864 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 0 30 from lens 76:79 arg1 release 52:58 drug release 47:58 drug release from ophthalmic lens 47:79 Chitosan/alginate based multilayers to control drug release from ophthalmic lens. 27494772 2 31 theme final 625:629 arg1 layer 646:650 a final alginate-CaCl2 layer 623:650 a final alginate-CaCl2 layer 623:650 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 32 theme lens 288:291 arg1 materials 293:301 lens materials 288:301 lens materials 288:301 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 33 theme soft 379:382 arg1 material 403:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 34 theme materials 293:301 arg1 types 279:283 three types 273:283 three types of lens materials 273:301 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 2 35 theme optimised 520:528 arg1 coating 530:536 The optimised coating 516:536 The optimised coating 516:536 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 36 theme contact 384:390 arg1 material 403:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 4 37 theme useŕs 1121:1125 arg1 comfort 1127:1133 the useŕs comfort 1117:1133 the useŕs comfort 1117:1133 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 1 38 theme intraocular 464:474 arg1 IOLs 482:485 intraocular lens (IOLs) 464:486 intraocular lens (IOLs) 464:486 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 4 39 theme further 1079:1085 arg1 treatments 1095:1104 further surface treatments 1079:1104 further surface treatments 1079:1104 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 1 40 theme lens 392:395 arg1 material 403:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 41 theme lens 476:479 arg1 IOLs 482:485 intraocular lens (IOLs) 464:486 intraocular lens (IOLs) 464:486 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 3 42 from materials 940:948 arg1 release 901:907 a controlled release 888:907 a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week 888:972 The coating leads to a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week. 27494772 2 43 theme excellent 721:729 arg1 features 731:738 excellent features 721:738 excellent features 721:738 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 44 dep release 230:236 arg1 hydrogel 321:328 a silicone-based hydrogel 304:328 the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs 226:513 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 1 44 dep release 230:236 arg1 CI26Y 454:458 CI26Y 454:458 the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs 226:513 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 3 45 theme controlled 890:899 arg1 release 901:907 a controlled release 888:907 a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week 888:972 The coating leads to a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week. 27494772 5 46 from composition 1263:1273 arg1 view 1292:1295 view 1292:1295 view of the desired drug 1292:1315 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 5 47 theme barrier 1149:1155 arg1 specific 1183:1190 specific 1183:1190 specific 1183:1190 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 5 47 theme barrier 1149:1155 arg1 effect 1157:1162 the barrier effect 1145:1162 the barrier effect of this coating 1145:1178 However, the barrier effect of this coating is specific for diclofenac, giving evidence to the need of optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in view of the desired drug. 27494772 2 48 theme anti-inflammatory 770:786 arg1 diclofenac 789:798 the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac 766:798 diclofenac 789:798 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 27494772 1 49 theme SCL 398:400 arg1 material 403:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 soft contact lens (SCL) material 379:410 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 3 50 theme SCL 928:930 arg1 materials 940:948 SCL and IOL materials 928:948 SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week 928:972 The coating leads to a controlled release of diclofenac from SCL and IOL materials for, at least, one week. 27494772 1 51 theme layer-by-layer 137:150 arg1 deposition 152:161 layer-by-layer deposition 137:161 layer-by-layer deposition 137:161 In this study we investigated the possibility of using layer-by-layer deposition, based in natural polymers (chitosan and alginate), to control the release of different ophthalmic drugs from three types of lens materials: a silicone-based hydrogel recently proposed by our group as drug releasing soft contact lens (SCL) material and two commercially available materials: CI26Y for intraocular lens (IOLs) and Definitive 50 for SCLs. 27494772 4 52 theme treatments 1095:1104 arg1 use 1072:1074 the use 1068:1074 the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort 1068:1133 Due to its high hydrophilicity (water contact angle≈0) and biocompatibility, it should avoid the use of further surface treatments to enhance the useŕs comfort. 27494772 0 53 theme ophthalmic 65:74 arg1 lens 76:79 ophthalmic lens 65:79 ophthalmic lens 65:79 Chitosan/alginate based multilayers to control drug release from ophthalmic lens. 27494772 2 54 theme physical 832:839 arg1 properties 841:850 the physical properties 828:850 the physical properties of the lenses 828:864 The optimised coating, consisting in one double layer of (alginate - CaCl2)/(chitosan+glyoxal) topped with a final alginate-CaCl2 layer to avoid chitosan degradation by tear fluid proteins, proved to have excellent features to control the release of the anti-inflammatory, diclofenac, while keeping or improving the physical properties of the lenses. 26504953 0 0 theme Superior 89:96 arg1 Activity 115:122 Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity 85:122 Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor 85:166 Polycyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes as Composite for Tyrosinase Immobilization and Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor. 26504953 1 1 theme endocrine 332:340 arg1 disruptor 342:350 an endocrine disruptor 329:350 an endocrine disruptor 329:350 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 3 2 theme CDP 494:496 arg1 nanotubes 509:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 1 3 theme polycyclodextrin 256:271 arg1 polymer 273:279 polycyclodextrin polymer 256:279 polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) 256:285 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 3 theme polycyclodextrin 256:271 arg1 CDP 282:284 CDP 282:284 CDP 282:284 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 6 4 theme saturated 936:944 arg1 concentration 956:968 saturated substrate concentration 936:968 saturated substrate concentration 936:968 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 1 5 theme disruptor 342:350 arg1 detection 316:324 the detection 312:324 the detection of an endocrine disruptor 312:350 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 6 6 theme apparent 870:877 arg1 constant 896:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 866:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) 866:915 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 1 7 theme polymer 273:279 arg1 composite 243:251 the composite 239:251 the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP) 239:375 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 7 theme polymer 273:279 arg1 polymer 273:279 polycyclodextrin polymer 256:279 polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) 256:285 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 7 theme polymer 273:279 arg1 nanotubes 298:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 0 8 dep Butylparaben 132:143 arg1 Disruptor 158:166 an Endocrine Disruptor 145:166 Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor 132:166 Polycyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes as Composite for Tyrosinase Immobilization and Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor. 26504953 4 9 theme chemical 598:605 arg1 reaction 607:614 The host-guest chemical reaction 583:614 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction 583:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 0 10 theme Electrocatalytic 98:113 arg1 Activity 115:122 Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity 85:122 Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor 85:166 Polycyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes as Composite for Tyrosinase Immobilization and Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor. 26504953 7 11 theme μM 1131:1132 arg1 limit 1118:1122 a detection limit 1106:1122 a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1106:1132 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 3 12 theme matrix 539:544 arg1 capabilities 546:557 excellent matrix capabilities 529:557 excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization 529:580 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 4 13 theme host-guest 587:596 arg1 reaction 607:614 The host-guest chemical reaction 583:614 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction 583:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 8 14 theme cosmetic 1198:1205 arg1 samples 1207:1213 real-life cosmetic samples 1188:1213 real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8% 1188:1260 The fabricated biosensor was successfully applied in real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8%. 26504953 7 15 theme butylparaben 992:1003 arg1 determination 975:987 The determination 971:987 The determination of butylparaben 971:1003 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 8 16 theme good 1220:1223 arg1 recovery 1225:1232 good recovery 1220:1232 good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8% 1220:1260 The fabricated biosensor was successfully applied in real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8%. 26504953 8 17 theme real-life 1188:1196 arg1 samples 1207:1213 real-life cosmetic samples 1188:1213 real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8% 1188:1260 The fabricated biosensor was successfully applied in real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8%. 26504953 7 18 theme square 1030:1035 arg1 voltammetry 1042:1052 square wave voltammetry 1030:1052 square wave voltammetry 1030:1052 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 4 19 theme interaction 651:661 arg1 ability 616:622 The host-guest chemical reaction ability 583:622 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction 583:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 6 20 theme kinetic 839:845 arg1 parameters 847:856 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters 818:856 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) 818:915 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 6 20 theme kinetic 839:845 arg1 constant 896:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 866:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) 866:915 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 3 21 theme Tyr 563:565 arg1 immobilization 567:580 Tyr immobilization 563:580 Tyr immobilization 563:580 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 6 22 dep constant 896:903 arg1 M 908:908 M 908:908 M 908:908 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 6 22 dep constant 896:903 arg1 app 911:913 app 911:913 app 911:913 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 6 22 dep constant 896:903 arg1 K 906:906 K 906:906 K(M)(app) 906:914 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 7 23 theme detection 1108:1116 arg1 limit 1118:1122 a detection limit 1106:1122 a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1106:1132 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 6 24 theme enzyme-substrate 822:837 arg1 parameters 847:856 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters 818:856 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) 818:915 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 6 24 theme enzyme-substrate 822:837 arg1 constant 896:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 866:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) 866:915 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 0 25 theme Endocrine 148:156 arg1 Disruptor 158:166 an Endocrine Disruptor 145:166 Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor 132:166 Polycyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes as Composite for Tyrosinase Immobilization and Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor. 26504953 2 26 theme CDP 399:401 arg1 polymer 403:409 the CDP polymer 395:409 the CDP polymer 395:409 The formation of the CDP polymer was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. 26504953 2 27 theme polymer 403:409 arg1 formation 382:390 The formation 378:390 The formation of the CDP polymer 378:409 The formation of the CDP polymer was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. 26504953 1 28 theme carbon 291:296 arg1 nanotubes 298:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 8 29 dep 102.8 1255:1259 arg1 to 1252:1253 to 1252:1253 to 1252:1253 The fabricated biosensor was successfully applied in real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8%. 26504953 4 30 theme Tyr 689:691 arg1 bioactivity 674:684 the bioactivity 670:684 the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben 670:712 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 1 31 theme nanotubes 298:306 arg1 composite 243:251 the composite 239:251 the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP) 239:375 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 31 theme nanotubes 298:306 arg1 polymer 273:279 polycyclodextrin polymer 256:279 polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) 256:285 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 31 theme nanotubes 298:306 arg1 nanotubes 298:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 5 32 theme developed 719:727 arg1 biosensor 729:737 The developed biosensor 715:737 The developed biosensor 715:737 The developed biosensor was characterized electrochemically by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 26504953 7 33 with μM 1098:1099 arg1 limit 1118:1122 a detection limit 1106:1122 a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1106:1132 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 4 34 theme stacking 642:649 arg1 interaction 651:661 the π-π stacking interaction 634:661 the π-π stacking interaction 634:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 1 35 dep butylparaben 359:370 arg1 i.e. 353:356 i.e. 353:356 i.e. 353:356 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 4 36 theme π-π 638:640 arg1 interaction 651:661 the π-π stacking interaction 634:661 the π-π stacking interaction 634:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 0 37 theme Tyrosinase 55:64 arg1 Immobilization 66:79 Tyrosinase Immobilization 55:79 Tyrosinase Immobilization 55:79 Polycyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes as Composite for Tyrosinase Immobilization and Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor. 26504953 7 38 dep 35.4 1093:1096 arg1 to 1090:1091 to 1090:1091 to 1090:1091 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 2 39 theme UV-Vis 432:437 arg1 spectrophotometry 439:455 UV-Vis spectrophotometry 432:455 UV-Vis spectrophotometry 432:455 The formation of the CDP polymer was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. 26504953 7 40 theme μM 1098:1099 arg1 range 1077:1081 the concentration range 1059:1081 the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1059:1132 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 7 41 theme wave 1037:1040 arg1 voltammetry 1042:1052 square wave voltammetry 1030:1052 square wave voltammetry 1030:1052 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 3 42 theme cross-linked 481:492 arg1 nanotubes 509:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 7 43 theme concentration 1063:1075 arg1 range 1077:1081 the concentration range 1059:1081 the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1059:1132 The determination of butylparaben was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.1 to 35.4 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. 26504953 8 44 with samples 1207:1213 arg1 recovery 1225:1232 good recovery 1220:1232 good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8% 1220:1260 The fabricated biosensor was successfully applied in real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8%. 26504953 3 45 theme conducting 462:471 arg1 film 473:476 The conducting film 458:476 The conducting film 458:476 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 3 46 link cross-linked 481:492 arg1 nanotubes 509:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 3 47 theme excellent 529:537 arg1 capabilities 546:557 excellent matrix capabilities 529:557 excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization 529:580 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 1 48 from immobilization 201:214 arg1 composite 243:251 the composite 239:251 the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP) 239:375 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 48 from immobilization 201:214 arg1 polymer 273:279 polycyclodextrin polymer 256:279 polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) 256:285 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 1 48 from immobilization 201:214 arg1 nanotubes 298:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 carbon nanotubes 291:306 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 8 49 theme fabricated 1139:1148 arg1 biosensor 1150:1158 The fabricated biosensor 1135:1158 The fabricated biosensor 1135:1158 The fabricated biosensor was successfully applied in real-life cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 98.5 to 102.8%. 26504953 4 50 theme reaction 607:614 arg1 ability 616:622 The host-guest chemical reaction ability 583:622 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction 583:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 5 51 theme electrochemical 778:792 arg1 spectroscopy 804:815 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 778:815 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 778:815 The developed biosensor was characterized electrochemically by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 26504953 6 52 theme Michaelis-Menten 879:894 arg1 constant 896:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 866:903 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) 866:915 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 1 53 theme tyrosinase 219:228 arg1 immobilization 201:214 the immobilization 197:214 the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP) 197:375 We developed a protocol for the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on the composite of polycyclodextrin polymer (CDP) and carbon nanotubes for the detection of an endocrine disruptor, i.e., butylparaben (BP). 26504953 3 54 theme carbon 502:507 arg1 nanotubes 509:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes 481:517 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 26504953 4 55 theme CD 627:628 arg1 ability 616:622 The host-guest chemical reaction ability 583:622 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction 583:661 The host-guest chemical reaction ability of CD and the π-π stacking interaction assure the bioactivity of Tyr towards butylparaben. 26504953 5 56 theme impedance 794:802 arg1 spectroscopy 804:815 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 778:815 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 778:815 The developed biosensor was characterized electrochemically by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 26504953 6 57 theme substrate 946:954 arg1 concentration 956:968 saturated substrate concentration 936:968 saturated substrate concentration 936:968 The enzyme-substrate kinetic parameters such as the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was measured under saturated substrate concentration. 26504953 0 58 theme Carbon 21:26 arg1 Nanotubes 28:36 Carbon Nanotubes 21:36 Carbon Nanotubes 21:36 Polycyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes as Composite for Tyrosinase Immobilization and Its Superior Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Butylparaben an Endocrine Disruptor. 26504953 3 59 theme nanotubes 509:517 arg1 film 473:476 The conducting film 458:476 The conducting film 458:476 The conducting film of cross-linked CDP and carbon nanotubes, displays excellent matrix capabilities for Tyr immobilization. 28448900 3 0 theme polymeric 589:597 arg1 nanogels 599:606 magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels 557:606 magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX) 557:653 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 28448900 1 1 theme targeted 299:306 arg1 delivery 318:325 targeted on-demand delivery 299:325 targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents 299:345 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 8 2 theme Specific 1186:1193 arg1 Rate 1206:1209 Specific Absorption Rate 1186:1209 time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1171:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 6 3 theme content 924:930 arg1 content 924:930 iron content 919:930 iron content 919:930 ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. 28448900 6 3 theme content 924:930 arg1 amount 909:914 the amount 905:914 the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels 905:950 ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. 28448900 0 4 theme Dual 0:3 arg1 composite 25:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite 0:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite 0:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite nanogels for thermo-chemotherapy. 28448900 8 5 theme Rate 1206:1209 arg1 method 1217:1222 time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1171:1222 time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1171:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 4 6 theme MCP 703:705 arg1 nanogels 707:714 the MCP nanogels 699:714 the MCP nanogels 699:714 The size distribution and the stability of the MCP nanogels have been characterized using DLS and Zeta-potential studies. 28448900 3 7 theme anticancer 620:629 arg1 Doxorubicin 637:647 Doxorubicin 637:647 Doxorubicin (DOX) 637:653 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 28448900 3 7 theme anticancer 620:629 arg1 drug 631:634 anticancer drug 620:634 anticancer drug 620:634 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 28448900 1 8 theme thermo-responsive 192:208 arg1 polymers 210:217 thermo-responsive polymers 192:217 thermo-responsive polymers 192:217 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 9 9 theme field 1234:1238 arg1 studies 1297:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 9 10 theme thermo-responsive 1248:1264 arg1 studies 1297:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 7 11 theme Vibrating 1031:1039 arg1 VSM 1062:1064 VSM 1062:1064 VSM 1062:1064 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 7 11 theme Vibrating 1031:1039 arg1 Magnetometer 1048:1059 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer 1031:1059 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) 1031:1065 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 10 12 theme field 1610:1614 arg1 presence 1589:1596 presence 1589:1596 presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL 1589:1645 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 10 13 with cells 1491:1495 arg1 effects 1540:1546 synergistic effects 1528:1546 synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1528:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 4 14 theme Zeta-potential 754:767 arg1 studies 769:775 Zeta-potential studies 754:775 Zeta-potential studies 754:775 The size distribution and the stability of the MCP nanogels have been characterized using DLS and Zeta-potential studies. 28448900 9 15 theme drug 1284:1287 arg1 release 1289:1295 pH responsive drug release 1270:1295 pH responsive drug release 1270:1295 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 11 16 theme drug 1729:1732 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 16 theme drug 1729:1732 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 17 theme cancer 1767:1772 arg1 treatment 1774:1782 the breast cancer treatment 1756:1782 the breast cancer treatment 1756:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 7 18 theme nanogels 986:993 arg1 property 966:973 The magnetic property 953:973 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels 953:993 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 7 18 theme nanogels 986:993 arg1 emu/g 1019:1023 ∼37 emu/g 1015:1023 ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) 1015:1065 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 2 19 dep dual 381:384 arg1 pH- 399:401 pH- 399:401 pH- 399:401 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 2 19 dep dual 381:384 arg1 thermo- 387:393 thermo- 387:393 thermo- 387:393 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 10 20 theme breast 1477:1482 arg1 cells 1491:1495 breast cancer cells 1477:1495 breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1477:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 2 21 theme responsive 404:413 arg1 system 441:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system 379:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 379:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 10 22 theme 2mg/mL 1640:1645 arg1 concentration 1623:1635 the concentration 1619:1635 the concentration of 2mg/mL 1619:1645 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 5 23 theme MCP 853:855 arg1 nanogel 857:863 MCP nanogel 853:863 MCP nanogel 853:863 XRD and TG-DTA confirms the presence of magnetic nanoparticles loaded onto MCP nanogel. 28448900 1 24 theme on-demand 308:316 arg1 delivery 318:325 targeted on-demand delivery 299:325 targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents 299:345 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 8 25 theme heating 1072:1078 arg1 ∼204W/g 1125:1131 ∼204W/g 1125:1131 ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1125:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 8 25 theme heating 1072:1078 arg1 ability 1080:1086 The heating ability 1068:1086 The heating ability of MCP nanogels 1068:1102 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 2 26 theme combinational 460:472 arg1 therapy 474:480 a combinational therapy 458:480 a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 458:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 0 27 theme magnetic 16:23 arg1 composite 25:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite 0:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite 0:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite nanogels for thermo-chemotherapy. 28448900 2 28 theme delivery 512:519 arg1 therapy 474:480 a combinational therapy 458:480 a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 458:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 10 29 theme cells 1491:1495 arg1 efficacy 1465:1472 its in vitro killing efficacy 1444:1472 its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1444:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 11 30 theme dual 1686:1689 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 30 theme dual 1686:1689 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 2 31 theme composite 431:439 arg1 system 441:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system 379:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 379:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 5 32 theme magnetic 818:825 arg1 nanoparticles 827:839 magnetic nanoparticles 818:839 magnetic nanoparticles loaded onto MCP nanogel 818:863 XRD and TG-DTA confirms the presence of magnetic nanoparticles loaded onto MCP nanogel. 28448900 1 33 theme agents 340:345 arg1 delivery 318:325 targeted on-demand delivery 299:325 targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents 299:345 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 8 34 theme nanogels 1095:1102 arg1 ∼204W/g 1125:1131 ∼204W/g 1125:1131 ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1125:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 8 34 theme nanogels 1095:1102 arg1 ability 1080:1086 The heating ability 1068:1086 The heating ability of MCP nanogels 1068:1102 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 2 35 theme mediated 498:505 arg1 delivery 512:519 hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 485:519 hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 485:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 10 36 from concentration 1623:1635 arg1 presence 1589:1596 presence 1589:1596 presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL 1589:1645 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 10 36 from concentration 1623:1635 arg1 field 1610:1614 magnetic field 1601:1614 magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL 1601:1645 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 3 37 theme composite 527:535 arg1 system 537:542 This composite system 522:542 This composite system 522:542 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 28448900 10 38 dep in 1448:1449 arg1 vitro 1451:1455 vitro 1451:1455 vitro 1451:1455 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 9 39 theme on-demand 1369:1377 arg1 properties 1392:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 8 40 dep Rate 1206:1209 arg1 SAR 1212:1214 SAR 1212:1214 SAR 1212:1214 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 11 41 theme mediated 1720:1727 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 41 theme mediated 1720:1727 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 9 42 theme release 1384:1390 arg1 properties 1392:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 4 43 theme nanogels 707:714 arg1 distribution 665:676 The size distribution 656:676 The size distribution 656:676 The size distribution and the stability of the MCP nanogels have been characterized using DLS and Zeta-potential studies. 28448900 4 43 theme nanogels 707:714 arg1 stability 686:694 the stability 682:694 the stability of the MCP nanogels 682:714 The size distribution and the stability of the MCP nanogels have been characterized using DLS and Zeta-potential studies. 28448900 11 44 theme on-demand 1697:1705 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 44 theme on-demand 1697:1705 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 3 45 theme magnetic 557:564 arg1 MCP 584:586 MCP 584:586 MCP 584:586 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 28448900 3 45 theme magnetic 557:564 arg1 chitosan-g-PNVCL 566:581 magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL 557:581 magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX) 557:653 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 28448900 10 46 from presence 1589:1596 arg1 concentration 1623:1635 the concentration 1619:1635 the concentration of 2mg/mL 1619:1645 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 10 47 theme synergistic 1528:1538 arg1 effects 1540:1546 synergistic effects 1528:1546 synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1528:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 2 48 theme dual 381:384 arg1 system 441:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system 379:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 379:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 1 49 theme therapeutic 269:279 arg1 nano-vehicles 281:293 therapeutic nano-vehicles 269:293 therapeutic nano-vehicles 269:293 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 6 50 theme MCP 939:941 arg1 nanogels 943:950 the MCP nanogels 935:950 the MCP nanogels 935:950 ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. 28448900 10 51 theme chemotherapy 1573:1584 arg1 effects 1540:1546 synergistic effects 1528:1546 synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1528:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 8 52 theme 2mg/mL 1158:1163 arg1 concentration 1141:1153 the concentration 1137:1153 the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1137:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 10 53 theme hyperthermia 1556:1567 arg1 effects 1540:1546 synergistic effects 1528:1546 synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1528:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 1 54 theme cancer 177:182 arg1 milieu 184:189 the cancer milieu 173:189 the cancer milieu 173:189 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 8 55 theme time-dependent 1171:1184 arg1 method 1217:1222 time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1171:1222 time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1171:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 6 56 theme iron 919:922 arg1 content 924:930 iron content 919:930 iron content 919:930 ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. 28448900 10 57 theme magnetic 1601:1608 arg1 field 1610:1614 magnetic field 1601:1614 magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL 1601:1645 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 11 58 theme MCP 1654:1656 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 58 theme MCP 1654:1656 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 8 59 theme Absorption 1195:1204 arg1 Rate 1206:1209 Specific Absorption Rate 1186:1209 time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method 1171:1222 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 6 60 from amount 909:914 arg1 nanogels 943:950 the MCP nanogels 935:950 the MCP nanogels 935:950 ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. 28448900 9 61 theme Magnetic 1225:1232 arg1 studies 1297:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 4 62 theme size 660:663 arg1 distribution 665:676 The size distribution 656:676 The size distribution 656:676 The size distribution and the stability of the MCP nanogels have been characterized using DLS and Zeta-potential studies. 28448900 9 63 theme induced 1240:1246 arg1 studies 1297:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 7 64 theme Sample 1041:1046 arg1 VSM 1062:1064 VSM 1062:1064 VSM 1062:1064 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 7 64 theme Sample 1041:1046 arg1 Magnetometer 1048:1059 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer 1031:1059 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) 1031:1065 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 10 65 theme DOX-MCP 1408:1414 arg1 nanogels 1416:1423 The DOX-MCP nanogels 1404:1423 The DOX-MCP nanogels 1404:1423 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 9 66 theme responsive 1273:1282 arg1 release 1289:1295 pH responsive drug release 1270:1295 pH responsive drug release 1270:1295 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 1 67 theme vascular 134:141 arg1 perfusion 143:151 vascular perfusion 134:151 vascular perfusion 134:151 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 9 68 theme release 1289:1295 arg1 studies 1297:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies 1225:1303 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 10 69 theme MDAMB 1507:1511 arg1 cells 1517:1521 MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells 1497:1521 cells 1517:1521 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 1 70 theme attractive 234:243 arg1 candidate 245:253 an attractive candidate 231:253 an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents 231:345 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 11 71 theme delivery 1734:1741 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 71 theme delivery 1734:1741 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 10 72 theme in 1448:1449 arg1 efficacy 1465:1472 its in vitro killing efficacy 1444:1472 its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1444:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 10 73 dep cells 1491:1495 arg1 MCF 1497:1499 MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells 1497:1521 MCF 1497:1499 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 10 73 dep cells 1491:1495 arg1 cells 1517:1521 MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells 1497:1521 cells 1517:1521 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 11 74 theme breast 1760:1765 arg1 treatment 1774:1782 the breast cancer treatment 1756:1782 the breast cancer treatment 1756:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 7 75 theme MCP 982:984 arg1 nanogels 986:993 the MCP nanogels 978:993 the MCP nanogels 978:993 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 0 76 theme responsive 5:14 arg1 composite 25:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite 0:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite 0:33 Dual responsive magnetic composite nanogels for thermo-chemotherapy. 28448900 1 77 theme hyperthermia 87:98 arg1 onset 78:82 the onset 74:82 the onset of hyperthermia 74:98 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 1 77 theme hyperthermia 87:98 arg1 advantage 110:118 their advantage 104:118 their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu 104:189 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 10 78 theme killing 1457:1463 arg1 efficacy 1465:1472 its in vitro killing efficacy 1444:1472 its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1444:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 9 79 theme MCP 1344:1346 arg1 nanogels 1348:1355 MCP nanogels 1344:1355 MCP nanogels 1344:1355 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 8 80 theme MCP 1091:1093 arg1 nanogels 1095:1102 MCP nanogels 1091:1102 MCP nanogels 1091:1102 The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. 28448900 7 81 theme magnetic 957:964 arg1 property 966:973 The magnetic property 953:973 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels 953:993 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 7 81 theme magnetic 957:964 arg1 emu/g 1019:1023 ∼37 emu/g 1015:1023 ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) 1015:1065 The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). 28448900 11 82 theme potential 1676:1684 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 82 theme potential 1676:1684 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 1 83 theme bioactive 330:338 arg1 agents 340:345 bioactive agents 330:345 bioactive agents 330:345 With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. 28448900 2 84 theme drug 507:510 arg1 delivery 512:519 hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 485:519 hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 485:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 10 85 theme cancer 1484:1489 arg1 cells 1491:1495 breast cancer cells 1477:1495 breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1477:1584 The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. 28448900 9 86 contain have 1357:1360 arg1 nanogels 1348:1355 MCP nanogels 1344:1355 MCP nanogels 1344:1355 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 9 86 contain have 1357:1360 arg2 properties 1392:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 2 87 theme nanotherapeutic 415:429 arg1 system 441:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system 379:446 a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery 379:519 For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. 28448900 5 88 theme nanoparticles 827:839 arg1 presence 806:813 the presence 802:813 the presence of magnetic nanoparticles loaded onto MCP nanogel 802:863 XRD and TG-DTA confirms the presence of magnetic nanoparticles loaded onto MCP nanogel. 28448900 9 89 theme good 1364:1367 arg1 properties 1392:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 11 90 theme hyperthermia 1707:1718 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 90 theme hyperthermia 1707:1718 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 9 91 theme drug 1379:1382 arg1 properties 1392:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 a good on-demand drug release properties 1362:1401 Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. 28448900 11 92 theme modal 1691:1695 arg1 platform 1743:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform 1674:1750 a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment 1674:1782 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 11 92 theme modal 1691:1695 arg1 nanogels 1658:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 MCP nanogels 1654:1665 Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment. 28448900 6 93 theme ICP-AES 866:872 arg1 analysis 874:881 ICP-AES analysis 866:881 ICP-AES analysis 866:881 ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. 28448900 3 94 theme chitosan-g-PNVCL 566:581 arg1 nanogels 599:606 magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels 557:606 magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX) 557:653 This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). 25538056 8 0 with cytocompatibility 1528:1544 arg1 cells 1559:1563 Schwann cells 1551:1563 Schwann cells 1551:1563 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 8 0 with cytocompatibility 1528:1544 arg1 safety 1580:1585 biological safety 1569:1585 biological safety 1569:1585 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 3 1 theme Schwann 490:496 arg1 cells 498:502 the CSM to Schwann cells 479:502 the CSM to Schwann cells 479:502 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 7 2 theme acute 1395:1399 arg1 toxicity 1401:1408 no acute toxicity 1392:1408 no acute toxicity 1392:1408 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 0 3 theme cytocompatibility 75:91 arg1 evaluations 51:61 evaluations 51:61 composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals 30:142 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 3 4 theme CSM 663:665 arg1 surfaces 647:654 the surfaces 643:654 the surfaces of the CSM, respectively 643:679 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 4 5 theme intracutaneous 820:833 arg1 stimulation 835:845 intracutaneous stimulation 820:845 intracutaneous stimulation 820:845 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 6 6 theme adhesion 1289:1296 arg1 improvement 1269:1279 improvement 1269:1279 improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation 1269:1314 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 2 7 theme protein 343:349 arg1 series 319:324 A series 317:324 A series of cellulose/soy protein 317:349 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25538056 8 8 theme nerve 1644:1648 arg1 conduit 1650:1656 nerve conduit 1644:1656 nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect 1644:1687 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 7 9 theme experimental 1474:1485 arg1 animals 1487:1493 the experimental animals 1470:1493 the experimental animals 1470:1493 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 6 10 theme proliferation 1302:1314 arg1 improvement 1269:1279 improvement 1269:1279 improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation 1269:1314 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 1 11 dep in 280:281 arg1 vivo 283:286 vivo 283:286 vivo 283:286 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 0 12 with cytocompatibility 75:91 arg1 cells 106:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 0 13 dep in 116:117 arg1 vivo 119:122 vivo 119:122 vivo 119:122 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 3 14 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl 530:553 arg1 bromide 580:586 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 527:586 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 527:586 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 3 14 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl 530:553 arg1 MTT 522:524 MTT 522:524 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay 522:593 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 1 15 theme Schwann 262:268 arg1 cells 270:274 Schwann cells 262:274 Schwann cells 262:274 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 0 16 theme Schwann 98:104 arg1 cells 106:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 6 17 theme direct 1103:1108 arg1 culture 1116:1122 The direct cells culture 1099:1122 The direct cells culture 1099:1122 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 6 18 theme CSM 1206:1208 arg1 surface 1191:1197 the surface 1187:1197 the surface of the CSM 1187:1208 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 5 19 theme cell 945:948 arg1 viability 950:958 the cell viability 941:958 the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM 941:1009 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 5 19 theme cell 945:948 arg1 higher 1015:1020 higher 1015:1020 higher 1015:1020 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 7 20 theme biological 1344:1353 arg1 safety 1355:1360 in vivo biological safety 1336:1360 in vivo biological safety 1336:1360 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 0 21 theme in 116:117 arg1 toxicity 124:131 in vivo toxicity 116:131 in vivo toxicity to animals 116:142 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 3 22 theme CSM 483:485 arg1 cells 498:502 the CSM to Schwann cells 479:502 the CSM to Schwann cells 479:502 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 4 23 theme pyrogen 800:806 arg1 testing 808:814 pyrogen testing 800:814 pyrogen testing 800:814 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 7 24 theme safety 1355:1360 arg1 evaluations 1321:1331 The evaluations 1317:1331 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety 1317:1360 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 8 25 theme nerve 1676:1680 arg1 defect 1682:1687 nerve defect 1676:1687 nerve defect 1676:1687 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 4 26 dep testing 763:769 arg1 testing 847:853 testing 847:853 testing 847:853 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 6 27 theme cell 1284:1287 arg1 adhesion 1289:1296 cell adhesion 1284:1296 cell adhesion 1284:1296 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 5 28 theme cellulose 1046:1054 arg1 membrane 1056:1063 the neat cellulose membrane 1037:1063 the neat cellulose membrane 1037:1063 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 7 29 dep in 1336:1337 arg1 vivo 1339:1342 vivo 1339:1342 vivo 1339:1342 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 3 30 theme MTT 522:524 arg1 assay 589:593 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay 522:593 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay 522:593 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 1 31 theme in 171:172 arg1 cytocompatibility 180:196 the in vitro cytocompatibility 167:196 the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein 167:221 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 2 32 theme coagulation 433:443 arg1 process 445:451 coagulation process 433:451 coagulation process 433:451 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25538056 6 33 theme cells 1110:1114 arg1 culture 1116:1122 The direct cells culture 1099:1122 The direct cells culture 1099:1122 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 5 34 theme neat 1041:1044 arg1 membrane 1056:1063 the neat cellulose membrane 1037:1063 the neat cellulose membrane 1037:1063 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 0 35 theme Cellulose/soy 0:12 arg1 protein 14:20 Cellulose/soy protein 0:20 Cellulose/soy protein 0:20 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 3 36 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 555:578 arg1 bromide 580:586 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 527:586 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 527:586 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 3 36 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 555:578 arg1 MTT 522:524 MTT 522:524 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay 522:593 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 5 37 theme SPI 1084:1086 arg1 component 1088:1096 SPI component 1084:1096 SPI component 1084:1096 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 0 38 theme composite 30:38 arg1 membranes 40:48 composite membranes 30:48 composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals 30:142 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 1 39 theme in 280:281 arg1 toxicity 288:295 in vivo toxicity 280:295 in vivo toxicity to animals 280:306 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 0 40 theme toxicity 124:131 arg1 evaluations 51:61 evaluations 51:61 composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals 30:142 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 0 41 dep membranes 40:48 arg1 evaluations 51:61 evaluations 51:61 composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals 30:142 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 4 42 dep in 686:687 arg1 vivo 689:692 vivo 689:692 vivo 689:692 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 5 43 theme cells 971:975 arg1 viability 950:958 the cell viability 941:958 the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM 941:1009 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 5 43 theme cells 971:975 arg1 higher 1015:1020 higher 1015:1020 higher 1015:1020 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 2 44 theme solution 412:419 arg1 casting 421:427 solution casting 412:427 solution casting 412:427 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25538056 8 45 theme defect 1682:1687 arg1 repair 1666:1671 the repair 1662:1671 the repair of nerve defect 1662:1687 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 8 46 contain had 1515:1517 arg2 cytocompatibility 1528:1544 in vitro cytocompatibility 1519:1544 in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals 1519:1596 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 8 46 contain had 1515:1517 arg1 CSM 1511:1513 The CSM 1507:1513 The CSM 1507:1513 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 3 47 theme cells 634:638 arg1 culture 615:621 direct cells culture 602:621 direct cells culture of Schwann cells 602:638 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 0 48 dep in 66:67 arg1 vitro 69:73 vitro 69:73 vitro 69:73 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 1 49 theme cellulose/soy 201:213 arg1 protein 215:221 cellulose/soy protein 201:221 cellulose/soy protein 201:221 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 5 50 theme Schwann 963:969 arg1 cells 971:975 Schwann cells 963:975 Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM 963:1009 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 4 51 theme standard 897:904 arg1 ISO 887:889 the ISO 883:889 the ISO 10993 standard 883:904 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 4 52 theme skin 772:775 arg1 testing 791:797 skin sensitization testing 772:797 skin sensitization testing 772:797 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 6 53 theme Schwann 1143:1149 arg1 cells 1151:1155 the Schwann cells 1139:1155 the Schwann cells 1139:1155 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 1 54 theme protein 215:221 arg1 cytocompatibility 180:196 the in vitro cytocompatibility 167:196 the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein 167:221 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 8 55 theme in 1519:1520 arg1 cytocompatibility 1528:1544 in vitro cytocompatibility 1519:1544 in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals 1519:1596 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 8 56 theme biological 1569:1578 arg1 safety 1580:1585 biological safety 1569:1585 biological safety 1569:1585 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 8 57 dep in 1519:1520 arg1 vitro 1522:1526 vitro 1522:1526 vitro 1522:1526 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 4 58 theme sensitization 777:789 arg1 testing 791:797 skin sensitization testing 772:797 skin sensitization testing 772:797 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 3 59 theme Schwann 626:632 arg1 cells 634:638 Schwann cells 626:638 Schwann cells 626:638 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 6 60 theme SPI 1235:1237 arg1 incorporation 1218:1230 the incorporation 1214:1230 the incorporation of SPI into cellulose 1214:1252 The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. 25538056 2 61 theme cellulose/soy 329:341 arg1 protein 343:349 cellulose/soy protein 329:349 cellulose/soy protein 329:349 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25538056 5 62 dep RESULTS 907:913 arg1 showed 929:934 showed 929:934 showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component 929:1096 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 7 63 theme intracutaneous 1440:1453 arg1 stimulation 1455:1465 no intracutaneous stimulation 1437:1465 no intracutaneous stimulation 1437:1465 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 1 64 dep in 171:172 arg1 vitro 174:178 vitro 174:178 vitro 174:178 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 3 65 theme cells 498:502 arg1 cytocompatibility 458:474 The cytocompatibility 454:474 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells 454:502 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 3 66 dep cells 498:502 arg1 to 487:488 to 487:488 to 487:488 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 4 67 theme toxicity 754:761 arg1 testing 763:769 acute toxicity testing 748:769 acute toxicity testing 748:769 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 4 68 theme in 686:687 arg1 toxicity 694:701 The in vivo toxicity 682:701 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals 682:723 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 4 69 theme acute 748:752 arg1 testing 763:769 acute toxicity testing 748:769 acute toxicity testing 748:769 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 3 70 theme cells 609:613 arg1 culture 615:621 direct cells culture 602:621 direct cells culture of Schwann cells 602:638 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 2 71 dep METHODS 309:315 arg1 isolate 351:357 isolate 351:357 isolate composite membranes (CSM) 351:383 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25538056 7 72 theme in 1336:1337 arg1 safety 1355:1360 in vivo biological safety 1336:1360 in vivo biological safety 1336:1360 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 1 73 theme composite 231:239 arg1 CSM 252:254 CSM 252:254 CSM 252:254 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 1 73 theme composite 231:239 arg1 membranes 241:249 composite membranes 231:249 composite membranes (CSM) 231:255 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 8 74 dep CONCLUSION 1496:1505 arg1 had 1515:1517 had 1515:1517 had 1515:1517 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 4 75 theme CSM 710:712 arg1 toxicity 694:701 The in vivo toxicity 682:701 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals 682:723 The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard. 25538056 0 76 with toxicity 124:131 arg1 cells 106:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 8 77 theme Schwann 1551:1557 arg1 cells 1559:1563 Schwann cells 1551:1563 Schwann cells 1551:1563 CONCLUSION The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect. 25538056 5 78 from CSM 1007:1009 arg1 extracts 989:996 extracts 989:996 extracts from the CSM 989:1009 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 5 79 theme MTT 919:921 arg1 assay 923:927 The MTT assay 915:927 The MTT assay 915:927 RESULTS The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. 25538056 0 80 theme in 66:67 arg1 cytocompatibility 75:91 in vitro cytocompatibility 66:91 in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells 66:110 Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals. 25538056 7 81 theme skin 1414:1417 arg1 sensitization 1419:1431 no skin sensitization 1411:1431 no skin sensitization 1411:1431 The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals. 25538056 3 82 theme direct 602:607 arg1 culture 615:621 direct cells culture 602:621 direct cells culture of Schwann cells 602:638 The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. 25538056 2 83 theme composite 359:367 arg1 CSM 380:382 CSM 380:382 CSM 380:382 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25538056 2 83 theme composite 359:367 arg1 membranes 369:377 composite membranes 359:377 composite membranes (CSM) 359:383 METHODS A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 viz. 696:699 viz. 696:699 viz. 696:699 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 co-anions 720:728 co-anions 720:728 co-anions 720:728 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 temperature 777:787 temperature 777:787 temperature 777:787 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 time 710:713 contact time 702:713 contact time 702:713 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 parameters 684:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 0 theme various 664:670 arg1 concentrations 758:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 11 1 theme biocomposite 1255:1266 arg1 Suitability 1225:1235 Suitability 1225:1235 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions 1225:1286 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 7 2 theme thermodynamic 889:901 arg1 parameters 903:912 The thermodynamic parameters 885:912 The thermodynamic parameters 885:912 The thermodynamic parameters have been calculated to find the nature of fluoride sorption. 25008134 12 3 theme defluoridation 1430:1443 arg1 technology 1445:1454 defluoridation technology 1430:1454 defluoridation technology 1430:1454 The present work provides a budding platform for the development of defluoridation technology. 25008134 10 4 theme DCs 1151:1153 arg1 comparison 1133:1142 A comparison 1131:1142 A comparison of the DCs of the reported sorbents with that of LaSGCS composite 1131:1208 A comparison of the DCs of the reported sorbents with that of LaSGCS composite has been made. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 viz. 696:699 viz. 696:699 viz. 696:699 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 co-anions 720:728 co-anions 720:728 co-anions 720:728 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 temperature 777:787 temperature 777:787 temperature 777:787 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 time 710:713 contact time 702:713 contact time 702:713 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 parameters 684:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 5 theme equilibrium 672:682 arg1 concentrations 758:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 6 6 theme experimental 809:820 arg1 data 822:825 The experimental data 805:825 The experimental data 805:825 The experimental data were analysed using various isotherms and kinetic models. 25008134 12 7 theme technology 1445:1454 arg1 development 1415:1425 the development 1411:1425 the development of defluoridation technology 1411:1454 The present work provides a budding platform for the development of defluoridation technology. 25008134 11 8 theme rife 1348:1351 arg1 village 1353:1359 a nearby fluoride rife village 1330:1359 a nearby fluoride rife village 1330:1359 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 3 9 theme defluoridation 358:371 arg1 DC 383:384 DC 383:384 DC 383:384 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 3 9 theme defluoridation 358:371 arg1 capacity 373:380 defluoridation capacity 358:380 defluoridation capacity (DC) 358:385 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 4 10 dep SGCS 573:576 arg1 composite 578:586 composite 578:586 composite 578:586 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 10 dep SGCS 573:576 arg1 CS 596:597 CS 596:597 CS 596:597 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 10 dep SGCS 573:576 arg1 SGCS 573:576 SGCS composite, SG and CS 573:597 SGCS composite, SG and CS 573:597 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 10 dep SGCS 573:576 arg1 SG 589:590 SG 589:590 SG 589:590 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 3 11 theme capacity 373:380 arg1 evaluation 344:353 A comparative evaluation 330:353 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) 330:456 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 4 12 theme enhanced 536:543 arg1 DC 545:546 an enhanced DC 533:546 an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg 533:563 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 13 theme F-/kg 639:643 arg1 DCs 611:613 the DCs 607:613 the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively 607:657 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 1 14 theme fluoride 178:185 arg1 removal 187:193 fluoride removal 178:193 fluoride removal 178:193 This article focused on the development of silica gel/chitosan (SGCS) composite for fluoride removal. 25008134 1 15 theme composite 164:172 arg1 silica 137:142 silica 137:142 silica gel/chitosan (SGCS) composite for fluoride removal 137:193 This article focused on the development of silica gel/chitosan (SGCS) composite for fluoride removal. 25008134 0 16 theme gel/chitosan 40:51 arg1 biocomposite 53:64 silica gel/chitosan biocomposite 33:64 silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies 33:91 Synthesis of metal ion entrapped silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies. 25008134 9 17 with FTIR 1088:1091 arg1 analysis 1121:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 The sorbents were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM with EDAX analysis. 25008134 10 18 theme reported 1162:1169 arg1 sorbents 1171:1178 the reported sorbents 1158:1178 the reported sorbents 1158:1178 A comparison of the DCs of the reported sorbents with that of LaSGCS composite has been made. 25008134 3 19 theme gel 431:433 arg1 evaluation 344:353 A comparative evaluation 330:353 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) 330:456 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 5 20 theme contact 702:708 arg1 time 710:713 contact time 702:713 contact time 702:713 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 20 theme contact 702:708 arg1 parameters 684:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 9 21 with SEM 1107:1109 arg1 analysis 1121:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 The sorbents were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM with EDAX analysis. 25008134 11 22 theme field 1271:1275 arg1 conditions 1277:1286 field conditions 1271:1286 field conditions 1271:1286 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 2 23 theme LaSGCS 312:317 arg1 composite 319:327 LaSGCS composite 312:327 SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite 290:327 To enhance the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite, lanthanum-III (La) was incorporated into SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite. 25008134 8 24 theme LaSGCS 1014:1019 arg1 composite 1021:1029 LaSGCS composite 1014:1029 LaSGCS composite 1014:1029 The mechanism of fluoride sorption by LaSGCS composite has been proposed. 25008134 3 25 theme composite 413:421 arg1 evaluation 344:353 A comparative evaluation 330:353 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) 330:456 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 10 26 with comparison 1133:1142 arg1 that 1185:1188 that 1185:1188 that 1185:1188 A comparison of the DCs of the reported sorbents with that of LaSGCS composite has been made. 25008134 5 27 theme initial 741:747 arg1 parameters 684:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 27 theme initial 741:747 arg1 concentrations 758:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 11 28 theme fluoride 1339:1346 arg1 village 1353:1359 a nearby fluoride rife village 1330:1359 a nearby fluoride rife village 1330:1359 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 0 29 theme ion 19:21 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of metal ion 0:21 Synthesis of metal ion entrapped silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies. 25008134 10 30 theme sorbents 1171:1178 arg1 DCs 1151:1153 the DCs 1147:1153 the DCs of the reported sorbents 1147:1178 A comparison of the DCs of the reported sorbents with that of LaSGCS composite has been made. 25008134 8 31 theme fluoride 993:1000 arg1 sorption 1002:1009 fluoride sorption 993:1009 fluoride sorption 993:1009 The mechanism of fluoride sorption by LaSGCS composite has been proposed. 25008134 9 32 theme EDAX 1116:1119 arg1 analysis 1121:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 The sorbents were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM with EDAX analysis. 25008134 10 33 theme LaSGCS 1193:1198 arg1 composite 1200:1208 LaSGCS composite 1193:1208 LaSGCS composite 1193:1208 A comparison of the DCs of the reported sorbents with that of LaSGCS composite has been made. 25008134 0 34 theme metal 13:17 arg1 ion 19:21 metal ion 13:21 metal ion 13:21 Synthesis of metal ion entrapped silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies. 25008134 6 35 theme kinetic 869:875 arg1 models 877:882 kinetic models 869:882 kinetic models 869:882 The experimental data were analysed using various isotherms and kinetic models. 25008134 2 36 theme SGCS 290:293 arg1 composite 295:303 SGCS composite 290:303 SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite 290:327 To enhance the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite, lanthanum-III (La) was incorporated into SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite. 25008134 0 37 theme silica 33:38 arg1 biocomposite 53:64 silica gel/chitosan biocomposite 33:64 silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies 33:91 Synthesis of metal ion entrapped silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies. 25008134 4 38 theme LaSGCS 506:511 arg1 composite 513:521 LaSGCS composite 506:521 LaSGCS composite 506:521 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 7 39 theme sorption 966:973 arg1 nature 947:952 the nature 943:952 the nature of fluoride sorption 943:973 The thermodynamic parameters have been calculated to find the nature of fluoride sorption. 25008134 2 40 theme biocomposite 235:246 arg1 selectivity 220:230 the fluoride selectivity 207:230 the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite 207:246 To enhance the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite, lanthanum-III (La) was incorporated into SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite. 25008134 11 41 theme nearby 1332:1337 arg1 village 1353:1359 a nearby fluoride rife village 1330:1359 a nearby fluoride rife village 1330:1359 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 3 42 theme SGCS 408:411 arg1 composite 413:421 SGCS composite 408:421 SGCS composite 408:421 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 8 43 theme sorption 1002:1009 arg1 mechanism 980:988 The mechanism 976:988 The mechanism of fluoride sorption by LaSGCS composite 976:1029 The mechanism of fluoride sorption by LaSGCS composite has been proposed. 25008134 12 44 theme budding 1390:1396 arg1 platform 1398:1405 a budding platform 1388:1405 a budding platform for the development of defluoridation technology 1388:1454 The present work provides a budding platform for the development of defluoridation technology. 25008134 5 45 theme different 731:739 arg1 parameters 684:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 45 theme different 731:739 arg1 concentrations 758:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 3 46 theme LaSGCS 390:395 arg1 composite 397:405 LaSGCS composite 390:405 LaSGCS composite 390:405 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 6 47 theme various 847:853 arg1 isotherms 855:863 various isotherms 847:863 various isotherms 847:863 The experimental data were analysed using various isotherms and kinetic models. 25008134 3 48 theme silica 424:429 arg1 SG 436:437 SG 436:437 SG 436:437 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 3 48 theme silica 424:429 arg1 gel 431:433 silica gel 424:433 silica gel (SG) 424:438 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 4 49 contain possesses 523:531 arg2 DC 545:546 an enhanced DC 533:546 an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg 533:563 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 49 contain possesses 523:531 arg1 composite 513:521 LaSGCS composite 506:521 LaSGCS composite 506:521 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 2 50 dep composite 295:303 arg1 composite 319:327 LaSGCS composite 312:327 SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite 290:327 To enhance the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite, lanthanum-III (La) was incorporated into SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite. 25008134 3 51 theme composite 397:405 arg1 evaluation 344:353 A comparative evaluation 330:353 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) 330:456 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 11 52 theme field 1306:1310 arg1 sample 1312:1317 a field sample 1304:1317 a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village 1304:1359 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 7 53 theme fluoride 957:964 arg1 sorption 966:973 fluoride sorption 957:973 fluoride sorption 957:973 The thermodynamic parameters have been calculated to find the nature of fluoride sorption. 25008134 2 54 theme fluoride 211:218 arg1 selectivity 220:230 the fluoride selectivity 207:230 the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite 207:246 To enhance the fluoride selectivity of biocomposite, lanthanum-III (La) was incorporated into SGCS composite namely LaSGCS composite. 25008134 9 55 with XRD 1094:1096 arg1 analysis 1121:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 The sorbents were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM with EDAX analysis. 25008134 4 56 contain possess 599:605 arg1 composite 578:586 composite 578:586 composite 578:586 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 56 contain possess 599:605 arg1 SG 589:590 SG 589:590 SG 589:590 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 56 contain possess 599:605 arg1 CS 596:597 CS 596:597 CS 596:597 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 56 contain possess 599:605 arg1 SGCS 573:576 SGCS composite, SG and CS 573:597 SGCS composite, SG and CS 573:597 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 56 contain possess 599:605 arg2 DCs 611:613 the DCs 607:613 the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively 607:657 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 3 57 theme chitosan 444:451 arg1 evaluation 344:353 A comparative evaluation 330:353 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) 330:456 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 4 58 theme 4900 551:554 arg1 mg 556:557 mg 556:557 mg 556:557 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 12 59 theme present 1366:1372 arg1 work 1374:1377 The present work 1362:1377 The present work 1362:1377 The present work provides a budding platform for the development of defluoridation technology. 25008134 11 60 theme fabricated 1244:1253 arg1 biocomposite 1255:1266 the fabricated biocomposite 1240:1266 the fabricated biocomposite 1240:1266 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 1 61 theme silica 137:142 arg1 development 122:132 the development 118:132 the development of silica gel/chitosan (SGCS) composite for fluoride removal 118:193 This article focused on the development of silica gel/chitosan (SGCS) composite for fluoride removal. 25008134 4 62 dep F-/kg 639:643 arg1 mg 636:637 mg 636:637 mg 636:637 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 0 63 theme defluoridation 70:83 arg1 studies 85:91 defluoridation studies 70:91 defluoridation studies 70:91 Synthesis of metal ion entrapped silica gel/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies. 25008134 11 64 from conditions 1277:1286 arg1 Suitability 1225:1235 Suitability 1225:1235 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions 1225:1286 Suitability of the fabricated biocomposite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride rife village. 25008134 5 65 theme fluoride 749:756 arg1 parameters 684:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters 660:693 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 5 65 theme fluoride 749:756 arg1 concentrations 758:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 different initial fluoride concentrations 731:771 The various equilibrium parameters, viz., contact time, pH, co-anions, different initial fluoride concentrations and temperature were optimized. 25008134 4 66 theme F-/kg 559:563 arg1 DC 545:546 an enhanced DC 533:546 an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg 533:563 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 3 67 theme comparative 332:342 arg1 evaluation 344:353 A comparative evaluation 330:353 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) 330:456 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 9 68 with TGA 1099:1101 arg1 analysis 1121:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 EDAX analysis 1116:1128 The sorbents were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM with EDAX analysis. 25008134 4 69 dep mg 636:637 arg1 1296 624:627 1296 624:627 1296 624:627 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 4 69 dep mg 636:637 arg1 52 633:634 52 633:634 52 633:634 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25008134 3 70 theme batch 470:474 arg1 mode 476:479 batch mode 470:479 batch mode 470:479 A comparative evaluation of defluoridation capacity (DC) of LaSGCS composite, SGCS composite, silica gel (SG) and chitosan (CS) was made in batch mode. 25008134 4 71 theme mg 556:557 arg1 F-/kg 559:563 4900 mg F-/kg 551:563 4900 mg F-/kg 551:563 The results showed that LaSGCS composite possesses an enhanced DC of 4900 mg F-/kg whereas SGCS composite, SG and CS possess the DCs of 1556, 1296 and 52 mg F-/kg, respectively. 25280845 4 0 theme venous 748:753 arg1 blood 755:759 the venous blood 744:759 the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 744:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 2 1 theme pH 355:356 arg1 values 358:363 the pH values 351:363 the pH values of the simulated body fluids 351:392 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 1 theme pH 355:356 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 6 2 theme coated 965:970 arg1 harmless 985:992 harmless 985:992 harmless 985:992 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 2 theme coated 965:970 arg1 composite 972:980 the chitosan coated composite 952:980 the chitosan coated composite 952:980 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 8 3 theme composite 1337:1345 arg1 release 1314:1320 the hydrogen release 1301:1320 the hydrogen release of the implant composite 1301:1345 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 8 4 theme gas 1384:1386 arg1 bubbles 1388:1394 the subcutaneous gas bubbles 1367:1394 the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed 1367:1401 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 8 5 theme subcutaneous 1371:1382 arg1 bubbles 1388:1394 the subcutaneous gas bubbles 1367:1394 the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed 1367:1401 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 5 6 theme in 864:865 arg1 degradation 872:882 the in vivo degradation 860:882 the in vivo degradation of the composite after surgery 860:913 The chitosan coating slows down the in vivo degradation of the composite after surgery. 25280845 5 7 dep in 864:865 arg1 vivo 867:870 vivo 867:870 vivo 867:870 The chitosan coating slows down the in vivo degradation of the composite after surgery. 25280845 6 8 theme chitosan 956:963 arg1 harmless 985:992 harmless 985:992 harmless 985:992 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 8 theme chitosan 956:963 arg1 composite 972:980 the chitosan coated composite 952:980 the chitosan coated composite 952:980 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 8 9 theme implant 1329:1335 arg1 composite 1337:1345 the implant composite 1325:1345 the implant composite 1325:1345 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 3 10 theme cytotoxicity 533:544 arg1 test 546:549 The in vitro cytotoxicity test 520:549 The in vitro cytotoxicity test 520:549 The in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that the chitosan coated specimens is safe for cellular applications. 25280845 2 11 theme test 298:301 arg1 results 303:309 The in vitro test results 285:309 The in vitro test results 285:309 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 1 12 theme chitosan 155:162 arg1 coating 164:170 a chitosan coating 153:170 a chitosan coating 153:170 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 2 13 theme uncoated 500:507 arg1 composite 509:517 the uncoated composite 496:517 the uncoated composite 496:517 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 4 14 theme chitosan 636:643 arg1 composite 652:660 the chitosan coated composite 632:660 the chitosan coated composite 632:660 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 2 15 theme metal 411:415 arg1 concentration 421:433 the released metal ion concentration 398:433 the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite 398:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 15 theme metal 411:415 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 6 16 theme important 997:1005 arg1 liver 1058:1062 liver 1058:1062 liver 1058:1062 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 16 theme important 997:1005 arg1 heart 1038:1042 heart 1038:1042 heart 1038:1042 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 16 theme important 997:1005 arg1 organs 1016:1021 important visceral organs 997:1021 important visceral organs 997:1021 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 16 theme important 997:1005 arg1 kidneys 1045:1051 kidneys 1045:1051 kidneys 1045:1051 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 5 17 theme composite 891:899 arg1 degradation 872:882 the in vivo degradation 860:882 the in vivo degradation of the composite after surgery 860:913 The chitosan coating slows down the in vivo degradation of the composite after surgery. 25280845 3 18 dep chitosan 566:573 arg1 specimens 582:590 coated specimens 575:590 the chitosan coated specimens 562:590 The in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that the chitosan coated specimens is safe for cellular applications. 25280845 2 19 theme coated 451:456 arg1 composite 458:466 the chitosan coated composite 438:466 the chitosan coated composite 438:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 4 20 theme composite 807:815 arg1 specimens 817:825 the uncoated composite specimens 794:825 the uncoated composite specimens 794:825 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 7 21 theme new 1084:1086 arg1 formation 1093:1101 The new bone formation 1080:1101 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant 1080:1151 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 2 22 theme in 289:290 arg1 results 303:309 The in vitro test results 285:309 The in vitro test results 285:309 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 23 theme fluids 387:392 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 23 theme fluids 387:392 arg1 values 358:363 the pH values 351:363 the pH values of the simulated body fluids 351:392 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 23 theme fluids 387:392 arg1 concentration 421:433 the released metal ion concentration 398:433 the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite 398:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 23 theme fluids 387:392 arg1 rate 345:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 24 theme chitosan 442:449 arg1 composite 458:466 the chitosan coated composite 438:466 the chitosan coated composite 438:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 1 25 with composite 138:146 arg1 coating 164:170 a chitosan coating 153:170 a chitosan coating 153:170 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 4 26 from composite 722:730 arg1 less 784:787 less 784:787 less 784:787 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 4 26 from composite 722:730 arg1 concentration 685:697 the concentration 681:697 the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 681:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 4 26 from composite 722:730 arg1 ions 708:711 metal ions 702:711 metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 702:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 2 27 theme immersion 325:333 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 27 theme immersion 325:333 arg1 rate 345:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 7 28 theme coated 1128:1133 arg1 implant 1145:1151 the chitosan coated composite implant 1115:1151 the chitosan coated composite implant 1115:1151 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 2 29 theme body 382:385 arg1 fluids 387:392 the simulated body fluids 368:392 the simulated body fluids 368:392 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 0 30 theme Biodegradation 0:13 arg1 performance 15:25 Biodegradation performance 0:25 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan 0:39 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan coated magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite as an implant. 25280845 4 31 theme metal 702:706 arg1 ions 708:711 metal ions 702:711 metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 702:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 5 32 theme chitosan 832:839 arg1 coating 841:847 The chitosan coating 828:847 The chitosan coating 828:847 The chitosan coating slows down the in vivo degradation of the composite after surgery. 25280845 2 33 theme simulated 372:380 arg1 fluids 387:392 the simulated body fluids 368:392 the simulated body fluids 368:392 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 8 34 theme effective 1252:1260 arg1 layer 1282:1286 an effective corrosion resistant layer 1249:1286 an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed 1249:1401 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 8 34 theme effective 1252:1260 arg1 coating 1238:1244 The chitosan coating 1225:1244 The chitosan coating 1225:1244 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 1 35 theme Mg-Zn-tricalcium 111:126 arg1 composite 138:146 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite 109:146 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating 109:170 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 2 36 theme ion 417:419 arg1 concentration 421:433 the released metal ion concentration 398:433 the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite 398:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 36 theme ion 417:419 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 7 37 theme chitosan 1119:1126 arg1 implant 1145:1151 the chitosan coated composite implant 1115:1151 the chitosan coated composite implant 1115:1151 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 1 38 theme phosphate 128:136 arg1 composite 138:146 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite 109:146 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating 109:170 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 1 39 theme biodegradation 220:233 arg1 performance 235:245 its biodegradation performance 216:245 its biodegradation performance 216:245 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 1 40 dep in 265:266 arg1 vivo 268:271 vivo 268:271 vivo 268:271 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 4 41 from concentration 685:697 arg1 composite 722:730 the composite 718:730 the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 718:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 2 42 theme released 402:409 arg1 concentration 421:433 the released metal ion concentration 398:433 the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite 398:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 42 theme released 402:409 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 0 43 theme chitosan 32:39 arg1 performance 15:25 Biodegradation performance 0:25 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan 0:39 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan coated magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite as an implant. 25280845 1 44 dep in 252:253 arg1 vitro 255:259 vitro 255:259 vitro 255:259 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 6 45 theme visceral 1007:1014 arg1 liver 1058:1062 liver 1058:1062 liver 1058:1062 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 45 theme visceral 1007:1014 arg1 heart 1038:1042 heart 1038:1042 heart 1038:1042 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 45 theme visceral 1007:1014 arg1 organs 1016:1021 important visceral organs 997:1021 important visceral organs 997:1021 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 45 theme visceral 1007:1014 arg1 kidneys 1045:1051 kidneys 1045:1051 kidneys 1045:1051 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 2 46 theme composite 458:466 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 46 theme composite 458:466 arg1 values 358:363 the pH values 351:363 the pH values of the simulated body fluids 351:392 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 46 theme composite 458:466 arg1 concentration 421:433 the released metal ion concentration 398:433 the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite 398:466 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 46 theme composite 458:466 arg1 rate 345:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 6 47 theme In 916:917 arg1 testing 924:930 In vivo testing 916:930 In vivo testing 916:930 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 48 dep In 916:917 arg1 vivo 919:922 vivo 919:922 vivo 919:922 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 4 49 theme uncoated 798:805 arg1 specimens 817:825 the uncoated composite specimens 794:825 the uncoated composite specimens 794:825 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 6 50 theme rabbits 1071:1077 arg1 liver 1058:1062 liver 1058:1062 liver 1058:1062 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 50 theme rabbits 1071:1077 arg1 heart 1038:1042 heart 1038:1042 heart 1038:1042 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 6 50 theme rabbits 1071:1077 arg1 kidneys 1045:1051 kidneys 1045:1051 kidneys 1045:1051 In vivo testing also indicates that the chitosan coated composite is harmless to important visceral organs, including the heart, kidneys, and liver of the rabbits. 25280845 0 51 theme magnesium-zinc-tricalcium 48:72 arg1 composite 84:92 magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite 48:92 magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite 48:92 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan coated magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite as an implant. 25280845 0 51 theme magnesium-zinc-tricalcium 48:72 arg1 implant 100:106 an implant 97:106 an implant 97:106 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan coated magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite as an implant. 25280845 3 52 theme coated 575:580 arg1 specimens 582:590 coated specimens 575:590 the chitosan coated specimens 562:590 The in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that the chitosan coated specimens is safe for cellular applications. 25280845 3 53 dep in 524:525 arg1 vitro 527:531 vitro 527:531 vitro 527:531 The in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that the chitosan coated specimens is safe for cellular applications. 25280845 4 54 located observed 732:739 arg2 composite 722:730 the composite 718:730 the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 718:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 4 54 located observed 732:739 arg1 blood 755:759 the venous blood 744:759 the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 744:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 7 55 theme bone 1088:1091 arg1 formation 1093:1101 The new bone formation 1080:1101 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant 1080:1151 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 3 56 theme cellular 604:611 arg1 applications 613:624 cellular applications 604:624 cellular applications 604:624 The in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that the chitosan coated specimens is safe for cellular applications. 25280845 1 57 dep performance 235:245 arg1 both 247:250 both 247:250 both 247:250 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 7 58 theme tissues 1216:1222 arg1 concrescence 1191:1202 the concrescence 1187:1202 the concrescence of the bone tissues 1187:1222 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 4 59 theme ions 708:711 arg1 less 784:787 less 784:787 less 784:787 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 4 59 theme ions 708:711 arg1 concentration 685:697 the concentration 681:697 the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 681:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 1 60 theme in 252:253 arg1 conditions 273:282 in vitro and in vivo conditions 252:282 in vitro and in vivo conditions 252:282 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 25280845 3 61 theme in 524:525 arg1 test 546:549 The in vitro cytotoxicity test 520:549 The in vitro cytotoxicity test 520:549 The in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that the chitosan coated specimens is safe for cellular applications. 25280845 8 62 dep effective 1252:1260 arg1 resistant 1272:1280 resistant 1272:1280 resistant 1272:1280 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 8 63 theme hydrogen 1305:1312 arg1 release 1314:1320 the hydrogen release 1301:1320 the hydrogen release of the implant composite 1301:1345 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 2 64 theme corrosion 335:343 arg1 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 lower 476:480 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 2 64 theme corrosion 335:343 arg1 rate 345:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 the immersion corrosion rate 321:348 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 4 65 theme Zelanian 764:771 arg1 rabbits 773:779 Zelanian rabbits 764:779 Zelanian rabbits 764:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 8 66 theme chitosan 1229:1236 arg1 layer 1282:1286 an effective corrosion resistant layer 1249:1286 an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed 1249:1401 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 8 66 theme chitosan 1229:1236 arg1 coating 1238:1244 The chitosan coating 1225:1244 The chitosan coating 1225:1244 The chitosan coating is an effective corrosion resistant layer that reduces the hydrogen release of the implant composite, thereby decreasing the subcutaneous gas bubbles formed. 25280845 7 67 theme bone 1211:1214 arg1 tissues 1216:1222 the bone tissues 1207:1222 the bone tissues 1207:1222 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 4 68 theme coated 645:650 arg1 composite 652:660 the chitosan coated composite 632:660 the chitosan coated composite 632:660 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 0 69 theme phosphate 74:82 arg1 composite 84:92 magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite 48:92 magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite 48:92 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan coated magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite as an implant. 25280845 0 69 theme phosphate 74:82 arg1 implant 100:106 an implant 97:106 an implant 97:106 Biodegradation performance of a chitosan coated magnesium-zinc-tricalcium phosphate composite as an implant. 25280845 4 70 theme rabbits 773:779 arg1 blood 755:759 the venous blood 744:759 the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits 744:779 When the chitosan coated composite is tested in vivo, the concentration of metal ions from the composite observed in the venous blood of Zelanian rabbits is less than the uncoated composite specimens. 25280845 2 71 dep in 289:290 arg1 vitro 292:296 vitro 292:296 vitro 292:296 The in vitro test results show that the immersion corrosion rate, the pH values of the simulated body fluids and the released metal ion concentration of the chitosan coated composite are all lower than those of the uncoated composite. 25280845 7 72 theme composite 1135:1143 arg1 implant 1145:1151 the chitosan coated composite implant 1115:1151 the chitosan coated composite implant 1115:1151 The new bone formation surrounding the chitosan coated composite implant shows that the composite improves the concrescence of the bone tissues. 25280845 1 73 theme in 265:266 arg1 conditions 273:282 in vitro and in vivo conditions 252:282 in vitro and in vivo conditions 252:282 A Mg-Zn-tricalcium phosphate composite with a chitosan coating was prepared in this investigation to study its biodegradation performance both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 26910793 3 0 theme composition 358:368 arg1 determination 324:336 determination 324:336 determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 324:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 8 1 theme fluorescence 1190:1201 arg1 data 1212:1215 synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1178:1215 synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1178:1215 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 8 2 theme smallest 1057:1064 arg1 residuals 1066:1074 The smallest residuals 1053:1074 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values 1053:1131 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 1 3 theme antidepressant 183:196 arg1 worldwide 210:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 1 3 theme antidepressant 183:196 arg1 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 7 4 theme chiral 957:962 arg1 HPLC 964:967 chiral HPLC 957:967 chiral HPLC 957:967 The obtained results for tablets were compared with those from chiral HPLC and no significant differences are shown by Fisher's (F) test and Student's t-test. 26910793 8 5 theme spectral 1203:1210 arg1 data 1212:1215 synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1178:1215 synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1178:1215 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 9 6 theme figure 1275:1280 arg1 values 1261:1266 calculated values 1250:1266 calculated values of the figure of merit 1250:1289 This conclusion is supported by calculated values of the figure of merit. 26910793 5 7 theme chiral 686:691 arg1 recognition 693:703 The chiral recognition 682:703 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin 682:763 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. 26910793 1 8 theme chiral 198:203 arg1 worldwide 210:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 1 8 theme chiral 198:203 arg1 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 6 9 theme multivariate 823:834 arg1 modeling 848:855 the multivariate calibration modeling 819:855 the multivariate calibration modeling 819:855 The results of the multivariate calibration modeling indicated good prediction abilities. 26910793 4 10 theme calibration 565:575 arg1 regression 614:623 principal component regression 594:623 principal component regression (PCR) 594:629 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 10 theme calibration 565:575 arg1 square 649:654 partial least square 635:654 partial least square (PLS) 635:660 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 10 theme calibration 565:575 arg1 methods 577:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 8 11 theme reference 1084:1092 arg1 values 1105:1110 reference or nominal values 1084:1110 values 1105:1110 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 6 12 theme prediction 872:881 arg1 abilities 883:891 good prediction abilities 867:891 good prediction abilities 867:891 The results of the multivariate calibration modeling indicated good prediction abilities. 26910793 4 13 theme least 643:647 arg1 PLS 657:659 PLS 657:659 PLS 657:659 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 13 theme least 643:647 arg1 square 649:654 partial least square 635:654 partial least square (PLS) 635:660 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 13 theme least 643:647 arg1 methods 577:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 0 14 theme Fluoxetine 106:115 arg1 Recognition 91:101 the Enantiomeric Recognition 74:101 the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations 74:146 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 6 15 theme good 867:870 arg1 abilities 883:891 good prediction abilities 867:891 good prediction abilities 867:891 The results of the multivariate calibration modeling indicated good prediction abilities. 26910793 4 16 theme partial 635:641 arg1 PLS 657:659 PLS 657:659 PLS 657:659 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 16 theme partial 635:641 arg1 square 649:654 partial least square 635:654 partial least square (PLS) 635:660 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 16 theme partial 635:641 arg1 methods 577:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 3 17 theme pharmaceutical 387:400 arg1 pills 402:406 pharmaceutical pills 387:406 pharmaceutical pills 387:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 4 18 theme spectral 526:533 arg1 data 535:538 the spectral data 522:538 the spectral data 522:538 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 3 19 theme novel 290:294 arg1 method 313:318 A novel simple and rapid method 288:318 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 288:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 1 20 theme drug 205:208 arg1 worldwide 210:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 1 20 theme drug 205:208 arg1 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 0 21 theme Pharmaceutical 120:133 arg1 Preparations 135:146 Pharmaceutical Preparations 120:146 Pharmaceutical Preparations 120:146 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 3 22 theme simple 296:301 arg1 method 313:318 A novel simple and rapid method 288:318 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 288:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 6 23 theme modeling 848:855 arg1 results 808:814 The results 804:814 The results of the multivariate calibration modeling 804:855 The results of the multivariate calibration modeling indicated good prediction abilities. 26910793 5 24 theme diastereomeric 778:791 arg1 complexes 793:801 diastereomeric complexes 778:801 diastereomeric complexes 778:801 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. 26910793 7 25 theme Fisher 1013:1018 arg1 test 1026:1029 Fisher's (F) test 1013:1029 Fisher's (F) test 1013:1029 The obtained results for tablets were compared with those from chiral HPLC and no significant differences are shown by Fisher's (F) test and Student's t-test. 26910793 0 26 theme Enantiomeric 78:89 arg1 Recognition 91:101 the Enantiomeric Recognition 74:101 the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations 74:146 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 5 27 theme enantiomers 719:729 arg1 recognition 693:703 The chiral recognition 682:703 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin 682:763 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. 26910793 4 28 theme emission 436:443 arg1 excitation 446:455 emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques 436:496 excitation 446:455 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 3 29 from composition 358:368 arg1 pills 402:406 pharmaceutical pills 387:406 pharmaceutical pills 387:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 7 30 theme obtained 898:905 arg1 results 907:913 The obtained results 894:913 The obtained results for tablets 894:925 The obtained results for tablets were compared with those from chiral HPLC and no significant differences are shown by Fisher's (F) test and Student's t-test. 26910793 3 31 from pills 402:406 arg1 determination 324:336 determination 324:336 determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 324:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 0 32 theme Spectrometry 28:39 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 0:147 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 4 33 theme component 604:612 arg1 regression 614:623 principal component regression 594:623 principal component regression (PCR) 594:629 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 33 theme component 604:612 arg1 methods 577:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 33 theme component 604:612 arg1 PCR 626:628 PCR 626:628 PCR 626:628 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 8 34 theme nominal 1097:1103 arg1 values 1105:1110 reference or nominal values 1084:1110 values 1105:1110 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 0 35 theme Fluorescence 15:26 arg1 Spectrometry 28:39 Fluorescence Spectrometry 15:39 Fluorescence Spectrometry 15:39 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 4 36 theme fluorescence 474:485 arg1 techniques 487:496 emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques 436:496 techniques 487:496 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 9 37 theme merit 1285:1289 arg1 figure 1275:1280 the figure 1271:1280 the figure of merit 1271:1289 This conclusion is supported by calculated values of the figure of merit. 26910793 9 38 theme calculated 1250:1259 arg1 values 1261:1266 calculated values 1250:1266 calculated values of the figure of merit 1250:1289 This conclusion is supported by calculated values of the figure of merit. 26910793 2 39 contain have 237:240 arg2 duration 254:261 a different duration 242:261 a different duration of serotonin inhibition 242:285 Its enantiomers have a different duration of serotonin inhibition. 26910793 2 39 contain have 237:240 arg1 enantiomers 225:235 Its enantiomers 221:235 Its enantiomers 221:235 Its enantiomers have a different duration of serotonin inhibition. 26910793 0 40 theme Multivariate 46:57 arg1 Calibration 59:69 Multivariate Calibration 46:69 Multivariate Calibration 46:69 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 5 41 theme β-cyclodextrin 750:763 arg1 presence 738:745 the presence 734:745 the presence of β-cyclodextrin 734:763 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. 26910793 0 42 from Recognition 91:101 arg1 Preparations 135:146 Pharmaceutical Preparations 120:146 Pharmaceutical Preparations 120:146 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 2 43 theme inhibition 276:285 arg1 duration 254:261 a different duration 242:261 a different duration of serotonin inhibition 242:285 Its enantiomers have a different duration of serotonin inhibition. 26910793 5 44 from recognition 693:703 arg1 presence 738:745 the presence 734:745 the presence of β-cyclodextrin 734:763 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. 26910793 3 45 theme rapid 307:311 arg1 method 313:318 A novel simple and rapid method 288:318 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 288:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 2 46 theme serotonin 266:274 arg1 inhibition 276:285 serotonin inhibition 266:285 serotonin inhibition 266:285 Its enantiomers have a different duration of serotonin inhibition. 26910793 5 47 theme fluoxetine 708:717 arg1 enantiomers 719:729 fluoxetine enantiomers 708:729 fluoxetine enantiomers 708:729 The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β-cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. 26910793 4 48 theme principal 594:602 arg1 regression 614:623 principal component regression 594:623 principal component regression (PCR) 594:629 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 48 theme principal 594:602 arg1 methods 577:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 48 theme principal 594:602 arg1 PCR 626:628 PCR 626:628 PCR 626:628 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 3 49 theme enantiomeric 345:356 arg1 composition 358:368 the enantiomeric composition 341:368 the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 341:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 2 50 theme different 244:252 arg1 duration 254:261 a different duration 242:261 a different duration of serotonin inhibition 242:285 Its enantiomers have a different duration of serotonin inhibition. 26910793 4 51 theme synchronous 462:472 arg1 techniques 487:496 emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques 436:496 techniques 487:496 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 0 52 with Application 0:10 arg1 Calibration 59:69 Multivariate Calibration 46:69 Multivariate Calibration 46:69 Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations. 26910793 7 53 theme significant 976:986 arg1 differences 988:998 no significant differences 973:998 no significant differences 973:998 The obtained results for tablets were compared with those from chiral HPLC and no significant differences are shown by Fisher's (F) test and Student's t-test. 26910793 3 54 from determination 324:336 arg1 pills 402:406 pharmaceutical pills 387:406 pharmaceutical pills 387:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 8 55 theme multivariate 1150:1161 arg1 calibration 1163:1173 multivariate calibration 1150:1173 multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1150:1215 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 8 56 theme data 1212:1215 arg1 calibration 1163:1173 multivariate calibration 1150:1173 multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1150:1215 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 3 57 theme fluoxetine 373:382 arg1 composition 358:368 the enantiomeric composition 341:368 the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills 341:406 A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. 26910793 6 58 theme calibration 836:846 arg1 modeling 848:855 the multivariate calibration modeling 819:855 the multivariate calibration modeling 819:855 The results of the multivariate calibration modeling indicated good prediction abilities. 26910793 8 59 theme synchronous 1178:1188 arg1 data 1212:1215 synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1178:1215 synchronous fluorescence spectral data 1178:1215 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 26910793 4 60 theme multivariate 552:563 arg1 regression 614:623 principal component regression 594:623 principal component regression (PCR) 594:629 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 60 theme multivariate 552:563 arg1 square 649:654 partial least square 635:654 partial least square (PLS) 635:660 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 4 60 theme multivariate 552:563 arg1 methods 577:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 multivariate calibration methods 552:583 Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. 26910793 1 61 theme prescribed 172:181 arg1 worldwide 210:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide 163:218 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 1 61 theme prescribed 172:181 arg1 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine 149:158 Fluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. 26910793 8 62 theme predicted 1116:1124 arg1 values 1126:1131 predicted values 1116:1131 predicted values 1116:1131 The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. 27502421 2 0 dep content 316:322 arg1 % 332:332 % 332:332 % 332:332 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 4 1 theme intermolecular 544:557 arg1 interaction 559:569 an intermolecular interaction 541:569 an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability 541:634 The chemical and thermal analysis further revealed an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability, respectively. 27502421 5 2 theme fibrillar 712:720 arg1 morphology 722:731 fibrillar morphology 712:731 fibrillar morphology 712:731 Furthermore, the electron microscopy images mostly exhibited fibrillar morphology with no visible phase separation, indicating compatibility between the two phases. 27502421 4 3 theme thermal 618:624 arg1 stability 626:634 improved thermal stability 609:634 improved thermal stability 609:634 The chemical and thermal analysis further revealed an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability, respectively. 27502421 3 4 theme collagen 382:389 arg1 incorporation 365:377 incorporation 365:377 incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix 365:411 The elemental analysis showed incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix, thereby demonstrating some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix. 27502421 1 5 with system 187:192 arg1 methanol 200:207 methanol 200:207 methanol as a coagulant 200:222 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 2 6 theme collagen 307:314 arg1 content 316:322 the collagen content 303:322 the collagen content up to 40% 303:332 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 2 7 dep 40 330:331 arg1 to 327:328 to 327:328 to 327:328 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 4 8 theme chemical 494:501 arg1 analysis 515:522 The chemical and thermal analysis 490:522 The chemical and thermal analysis 490:522 The chemical and thermal analysis further revealed an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability, respectively. 27502421 5 9 theme electron 668:675 arg1 microscopy 677:686 electron microscopy 668:686 the electron microscopy images 664:693 Furthermore, the electron microscopy images mostly exhibited fibrillar morphology with no visible phase separation, indicating compatibility between the two phases. 27502421 5 10 theme microscopy 677:686 arg1 images 688:693 the electron microscopy images 664:693 the electron microscopy images 664:693 Furthermore, the electron microscopy images mostly exhibited fibrillar morphology with no visible phase separation, indicating compatibility between the two phases. 27502421 1 11 theme Cellulose/collagen 85:102 arg1 biofibers 104:112 Cellulose/collagen biofibers 85:112 Cellulose/collagen biofibers 85:112 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 0 12 theme cellulose-collagen 6:23 arg1 blend 25:29 Novel cellulose-collagen blend 0:29 Novel cellulose-collagen blend 0:29 Novel cellulose-collagen blend biofibers prepared from an amine/salt solvent system. 27502421 4 13 theme thermal 507:513 arg1 analysis 515:522 The chemical and thermal analysis 490:522 The chemical and thermal analysis 490:522 The chemical and thermal analysis further revealed an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability, respectively. 27502421 5 14 theme visible 741:747 arg1 separation 755:764 no visible phase separation 738:764 no visible phase separation 738:764 Furthermore, the electron microscopy images mostly exhibited fibrillar morphology with no visible phase separation, indicating compatibility between the two phases. 27502421 0 15 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 blend 25:29 Novel cellulose-collagen blend 0:29 Novel cellulose-collagen blend 0:29 Novel cellulose-collagen blend biofibers prepared from an amine/salt solvent system. 27502421 6 16 theme cellulose 854:862 arg1 content 864:870 higher cellulose content 847:870 higher cellulose content 847:870 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 27502421 3 17 theme interaction 451:461 arg1 degree 441:446 some degree 436:446 some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix 436:487 The elemental analysis showed incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix, thereby demonstrating some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix. 27502421 6 18 theme higher 847:852 arg1 content 864:870 higher cellulose content 847:870 higher cellulose content 847:870 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 27502421 6 19 dep higher 879:884 arg1 crystallinity 886:898 crystallinity 886:898 crystallinity 886:898 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 27502421 3 20 theme cellulose 396:404 arg1 matrix 406:411 cellulose matrix 396:411 cellulose matrix 396:411 The elemental analysis showed incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix, thereby demonstrating some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix. 27502421 4 21 theme improved 609:616 arg1 stability 626:634 improved thermal stability 609:634 improved thermal stability 609:634 The chemical and thermal analysis further revealed an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability, respectively. 27502421 2 22 from increase 291:298 arg1 content 316:322 the collagen content 303:322 the collagen content up to 40% 303:332 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 6 23 theme composite 946:954 arg1 fibers 956:961 the composite fibers 942:961 the composite fibers 942:961 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 27502421 3 24 theme cellulose 472:480 arg1 matrix 482:487 the cellulose matrix 468:487 the cellulose matrix 468:487 The elemental analysis showed incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix, thereby demonstrating some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix. 27502421 2 25 theme solutions 254:262 arg1 viscosity 237:245 The dynamic viscosity 225:245 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions 225:262 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 0 26 theme amine/salt 58:67 arg1 system 77:82 an amine/salt solvent system 55:82 an amine/salt solvent system 55:82 Novel cellulose-collagen blend biofibers prepared from an amine/salt solvent system. 27502421 1 27 theme ethylene 133:140 arg1 system 187:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 3 28 with interaction 451:461 arg1 matrix 482:487 the cellulose matrix 468:487 the cellulose matrix 468:487 The elemental analysis showed incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix, thereby demonstrating some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix. 27502421 6 29 theme birefringence 914:926 arg1 properties 928:937 birefringence properties 914:937 birefringence properties 914:937 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 27502421 1 30 theme diamine/potassium 142:158 arg1 system 187:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 5 31 theme phase 749:753 arg1 separation 755:764 no visible phase separation 738:764 no visible phase separation 738:764 Furthermore, the electron microscopy images mostly exhibited fibrillar morphology with no visible phase separation, indicating compatibility between the two phases. 27502421 2 32 theme dynamic 229:235 arg1 viscosity 237:245 The dynamic viscosity 225:245 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions 225:262 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 0 33 dep biofibers 31:39 arg1 prepared 41:48 prepared 41:48 biofibers prepared from an amine/salt solvent system 31:82 Novel cellulose-collagen blend biofibers prepared from an amine/salt solvent system. 27502421 1 34 theme thiocyanate 160:170 arg1 system 187:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 2 35 theme gradual 283:289 arg1 increase 291:298 the gradual increase 279:298 the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40% 279:332 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 1 36 theme binary 172:177 arg1 system 187:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 2 37 dep % 332:332 arg1 40 330:331 40 330:331 40 330:331 The dynamic viscosity of the solutions decreased with the gradual increase in the collagen content up to 40%. 27502421 3 38 theme elemental 339:347 arg1 analysis 349:356 The elemental analysis 335:356 The elemental analysis 335:356 The elemental analysis showed incorporation of collagen into cellulose matrix, thereby demonstrating some degree of interaction with the cellulose matrix. 27502421 1 39 theme solvent 179:185 arg1 system 187:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system 133:192 Cellulose/collagen biofibers were produced from ethylene diamine/potassium thiocyanate binary solvent system, with methanol as a coagulant. 27502421 0 40 theme solvent 69:75 arg1 system 77:82 an amine/salt solvent system 55:82 an amine/salt solvent system 55:82 Novel cellulose-collagen blend biofibers prepared from an amine/salt solvent system. 27502421 6 41 contain containing 836:845 arg1 biofibers 826:834 biofibers 826:834 biofibers containing higher cellulose content 826:870 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 27502421 6 41 contain containing 836:845 arg2 content 864:870 higher cellulose content 847:870 higher cellulose content 847:870 Moreover, biofibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. 25823890 4 0 theme energy 996:1001 arg1 devices 1011:1017 electrical energy storage devices 985:1017 electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 985:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 1 theme complex 872:878 arg1 nature 892:897 the complex and elusive nature 868:897 the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 868:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 2 theme self-discharge 902:915 arg1 nature 892:897 the complex and elusive nature 868:897 the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 868:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 3 theme electrical 985:994 arg1 devices 1011:1017 electrical energy storage devices 985:1017 electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 985:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 1 4 from material 173:180 arg1 solution 191:198 water solution 185:198 water solution 185:198 In this report we investigate the self-discharge in a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution. 25823890 4 5 theme rate 712:715 arg1 constant 717:724 the rate constant 708:724 the rate constant for this reaction 708:742 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 6 theme elusive 884:890 arg1 nature 892:897 the complex and elusive nature 868:897 the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 868:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 7 theme faradaic 787:794 arg1 reaction 796:803 the faradaic reaction 783:803 the faradaic reaction 783:803 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 3 8 theme applied 552:558 arg1 potential 560:568 applied potential 552:568 applied potential 552:568 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 1 9 theme water 185:189 arg1 solution 191:198 water solution 185:198 water solution 185:198 In this report we investigate the self-discharge in a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution. 25823890 4 10 theme devices 1011:1017 arg1 construction 969:980 the construction 965:980 the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 965:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 11 theme polymer 1035:1041 arg1 components 1043:1052 conducting polymer components 1024:1052 conducting polymer components 1024:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 12 dep pH. 822:824 arg1 hope 846:849 hope 846:849 hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 846:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 2 13 theme applied 333:339 arg1 potential 341:349 applied potential 333:349 applied potential 333:349 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 0 14 theme Parallel 0:7 arg1 mechanisms 9:18 Parallel mechanisms 0:18 Parallel mechanisms of polypyrrole 0:33 Parallel mechanisms of polypyrrole self-discharge in aqueous media. 25823890 4 15 with devices 1011:1017 arg1 components 1043:1052 conducting polymer components 1024:1052 conducting polymer components 1024:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 3 16 theme initial 602:608 arg1 reaction 610:617 an initial reaction 599:617 an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions 599:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 4 17 theme high 697:700 arg1 pH 702:703 high pH 697:703 high pH 697:703 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 0 18 theme polypyrrole 23:33 arg1 mechanisms 9:18 Parallel mechanisms 0:18 Parallel mechanisms of polypyrrole 0:33 Parallel mechanisms of polypyrrole self-discharge in aqueous media. 25823890 3 19 theme polymer 634:640 arg1 reaction 610:617 an initial reaction 599:617 an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions 599:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 4 20 theme conducting 920:929 arg1 polymers 931:938 conducting polymers 920:938 conducting polymers 920:938 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 2 21 theme Rate 201:204 arg1 constants 206:214 Rate constants 201:214 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction 201:246 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 3 22 theme faradaic 485:492 arg1 origin 494:499 faradaic origin 485:499 faradaic origin 485:499 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 3 23 theme different 421:429 arg1 mechanisms 446:455 two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms 403:455 two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms 403:455 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 3 24 theme self-discharge 431:444 arg1 mechanisms 446:455 two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms 403:455 two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms 403:455 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 4 25 theme storage 1003:1009 arg1 devices 1011:1017 electrical energy storage devices 985:1017 electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 985:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 26 from polymers 931:938 arg1 nature 892:897 the complex and elusive nature 868:897 the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components 868:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 3 27 theme charged 626:632 arg1 polymer 634:640 the charged polymer 622:640 the charged polymer with hydroxide ions 622:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 4 28 theme second 667:672 arg1 mechanism 674:682 The second mechanism 663:682 The second mechanism 663:682 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 4 29 theme conducting 1024:1033 arg1 components 1043:1052 conducting polymer components 1024:1052 conducting polymer components 1024:1052 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 0 30 theme aqueous 53:59 arg1 media 61:65 aqueous media 53:65 aqueous media 53:65 Parallel mechanisms of polypyrrole self-discharge in aqueous media. 25823890 2 31 theme self-discharge 224:237 arg1 reaction 239:246 the self-discharge reaction 220:246 the self-discharge reaction 220:246 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 3 32 dep parallel 468:475 arg1 one 478:480 one 478:480 one 478:480 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 3 32 dep parallel 468:475 arg1 origin 494:499 faradaic origin 485:499 faradaic origin 485:499 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 3 33 theme rate 508:511 arg1 constant 513:520 a rate constant 506:520 a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions 506:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 2 34 from dependence 299:308 arg1 temperature 317:327 temperature 317:327 temperature 317:327 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 2 34 from dependence 299:308 arg1 potential 341:349 applied potential 333:349 applied potential 333:349 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 2 34 from dependence 299:308 arg1 pH 313:314 pH 313:314 pH 313:314 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 4 35 from self-discharge 902:915 arg1 polymers 931:938 conducting polymers 920:938 conducting polymers 920:938 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 3 36 theme hydroxide 647:655 arg1 ions 657:660 hydroxide ions 647:660 hydroxide ions 647:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 3 37 theme origin 494:499 arg1 one 478:480 one 478:480 one 478:480 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 3 37 theme origin 494:499 arg1 origin 494:499 faradaic origin 485:499 faradaic origin 485:499 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 1 38 from self-discharge 102:115 arg1 material 173:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material 120:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution 120:198 In this report we investigate the self-discharge in a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution. 25823890 3 39 with parallel 468:475 arg1 constant 513:520 a rate constant 506:520 a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions 506:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 1 40 theme charged 133:139 arg1 material 173:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material 120:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution 120:198 In this report we investigate the self-discharge in a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution. 25823890 3 41 with polymer 634:640 arg1 ions 657:660 hydroxide ions 647:660 hydroxide ions 647:660 Based on the results, we propose that two fundamentally different self-discharge mechanisms operate in parallel; one of faradaic origin with a rate constant increasing exponentially with applied potential and one mechanism comprising an initial reaction of the charged polymer with hydroxide ions. 25823890 4 42 from nature 892:897 arg1 polymers 931:938 conducting polymers 920:938 conducting polymers 920:938 The second mechanism dominates at high pH as the rate constant for this reaction increases exponentially with pH whilst the faradaic reaction dominates at low pH. With this report we hope to shed light on the complex and elusive nature of self-discharge in conducting polymers to serve as guidance for the construction of electrical energy storage devices with conducting polymer components. 25823890 2 43 theme step 276:279 arg1 methods 281:287 potential step methods 266:287 potential step methods 266:287 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 1 44 theme polypyrrole-cellulose 141:161 arg1 material 173:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material 120:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution 120:198 In this report we investigate the self-discharge in a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution. 25823890 2 45 theme potential 266:274 arg1 methods 281:287 potential step methods 266:287 potential step methods 266:287 Rate constants for the self-discharge reaction are determined by potential step methods and their dependence on pH, temperature and applied potential are reported. 25823890 1 46 theme composite 163:171 arg1 material 173:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material 120:180 a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution 120:198 In this report we investigate the self-discharge in a positively charged polypyrrole-cellulose composite material in water solution. 27913711 8 0 from changes 1173:1179 arg1 textural 1194:1201 textural 1194:1201 textural 1194:1201 The changes in the crumb textural and elastic properties caused by staling turned significant after six days of storage. 27913711 8 0 from changes 1173:1179 arg1 properties 1215:1224 the crumb textural and elastic properties 1184:1224 properties 1215:1224 The changes in the crumb textural and elastic properties caused by staling turned significant after six days of storage. 27913711 7 1 theme amaranth 1112:1119 arg1 flours 1121:1126 non-scalded amaranth flours 1100:1126 non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth) 1100:1166 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 1 2 theme wheat-amaranth 233:246 arg1 blends 248:253 composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 217:253 composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 217:253 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 1 3 theme blends 248:253 arg1 properties 203:212 the baking properties 192:212 the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 192:253 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 4 4 from influence 847:855 arg1 properties 883:892 the crumb viscoelastic properties 860:892 the crumb viscoelastic properties 860:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 9 5 theme similar 1402:1408 arg1 behaviour 1410:1418 similar behaviour 1402:1418 similar behaviour 1402:1418 In general, inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour did not alter the staling of breads and they exerted similar behaviour during storage. 27913711 5 6 theme elastic 949:955 arg1 crumbs 957:962 firmer and less elastic crumbs 933:962 firmer and less elastic crumbs 933:962 During storage, all samples developed firmer and less elastic crumbs. 27913711 0 7 theme spelt 90:94 arg1 wheat 96:100 spelt wheat 90:100 spelt wheat 90:100 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 7 8 theme non-scalded 1100:1110 arg1 flours 1121:1126 non-scalded amaranth flours 1100:1126 non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth) 1100:1166 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 9 9 theme amaranth 1334:1341 arg1 flour 1343:1347 amaranth flour 1334:1347 amaranth flour 1334:1347 In general, inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour did not alter the staling of breads and they exerted similar behaviour during storage. 27913711 7 10 with bread 1089:1093 arg1 flours 1121:1126 non-scalded amaranth flours 1100:1126 non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth) 1100:1166 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 0 11 theme different 106:114 arg1 forms 116:120 different forms 106:120 different forms of amaranth grain 106:138 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 4 12 theme Crumb 683:687 arg1 resilience 689:698 Crumb resilience 683:698 Crumb resilience 683:698 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 3 13 theme amaranth 511:518 arg1 flour 520:524 Native amaranth flour 504:524 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) 504:555 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 2 14 theme spelt 375:379 arg1 formulation 387:397 spelt bread formulation 375:397 spelt bread formulation 375:397 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 2 15 theme non-scalded 482:492 arg1 variants 494:501 their scalded and non-scalded variants 464:501 their scalded and non-scalded variants 464:501 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 7 16 from amaranth 1158:1165 arg1 native 1129:1134 native 1129:1134 native 1129:1134 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 1 17 theme present 163:169 arg1 study 171:175 the present study 159:175 the present study 159:175 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 2 18 from amaranth 444:451 arg1 flour 426:430 flour 426:430 flour 426:430 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 2 18 from amaranth 444:451 arg1 flour 416:420 native amaranth flour 400:420 native amaranth flour 400:420 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 4 19 theme certain 839:845 arg1 influence 847:855 certain influence 839:855 certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties 839:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 4 20 theme viscoelastic 870:881 arg1 properties 883:892 the crumb viscoelastic properties 860:892 the crumb viscoelastic properties 860:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 1 21 theme study 171:175 arg1 objectives 145:154 The objectives 141:154 The objectives of the present study 141:175 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 7 22 theme staling 1053:1059 arg1 rate 1061:1064 The staling rate 1049:1064 The staling rate 1049:1064 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 7 22 theme staling 1053:1059 arg1 highest 1074:1080 highest 1074:1080 highest 1074:1080 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 6 23 theme Drying 965:970 arg1 loss 972:975 Drying loss 965:975 Drying loss 965:975 Drying loss and staling degree significantly increased with increased storage time. 27913711 5 24 theme firmer 933:938 arg1 crumbs 957:962 firmer and less elastic crumbs 933:962 firmer and less elastic crumbs 933:962 During storage, all samples developed firmer and less elastic crumbs. 27913711 0 25 theme textural 28:35 arg1 changes 37:43 textural changes 28:43 textural changes 28:43 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 2 26 theme native 400:405 arg1 flour 416:420 native amaranth flour 400:420 native amaranth flour 400:420 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 2 27 theme amaranth 407:414 arg1 flour 416:420 native amaranth flour 400:420 native amaranth flour 400:420 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 9 28 theme different 1315:1323 arg1 forms 1325:1329 different forms 1315:1329 different forms of amaranth flour 1315:1347 In general, inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour did not alter the staling of breads and they exerted similar behaviour during storage. 27913711 3 29 theme softer 626:631 arg1 crumb 633:637 significantly softer crumb 612:637 significantly softer crumb 612:637 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 4 30 theme significant 713:723 arg1 differences 725:735 significant differences 713:735 significant differences among the breads 713:752 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 9 31 theme forms 1325:1329 arg1 inclusion 1302:1310 inclusion 1302:1310 inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour 1302:1347 In general, inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour did not alter the staling of breads and they exerted similar behaviour during storage. 27913711 0 32 theme grain 134:138 arg1 wheat 96:100 spelt wheat 90:100 spelt wheat 90:100 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 0 32 theme grain 134:138 arg1 forms 116:120 different forms 106:120 different forms of amaranth grain 106:138 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 4 33 theme crumb 788:792 arg1 parameters 812:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters 784:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties 784:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 1 34 theme composite 283:291 arg1 breads 293:298 composite breads 283:298 composite breads 283:298 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 0 35 theme amaranth 125:132 arg1 grain 134:138 amaranth grain 125:138 amaranth grain 125:138 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 6 36 theme staling 981:987 arg1 degree 989:994 staling degree 981:994 staling degree 981:994 Drying loss and staling degree significantly increased with increased storage time. 27913711 1 37 theme baking 196:201 arg1 properties 203:212 the baking properties 192:212 the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 192:253 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 2 38 theme popped 437:442 arg1 amaranth 444:451 popped amaranth 437:451 popped amaranth 437:451 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 1 39 theme breads 293:298 arg1 staling 272:278 the staling 268:278 the staling of composite breads 268:298 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 6 40 theme storage 1035:1041 arg1 time 1043:1046 increased storage time 1025:1046 increased storage time 1025:1046 Drying loss and staling degree significantly increased with increased storage time. 27913711 2 41 theme scalded 470:476 arg1 variants 494:501 their scalded and non-scalded variants 464:501 their scalded and non-scalded variants 464:501 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 4 42 theme relaxation 801:810 arg1 parameters 812:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters 784:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties 784:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 7 43 dep flours 1121:1126 arg1 flour 1140:1144 flour 1140:1144 flour 1140:1144 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 7 43 dep flours 1121:1126 arg1 native 1129:1134 native 1129:1134 native 1129:1134 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 2 44 theme Different 326:334 arg1 forms 336:340 Different forms 326:340 Different forms of amaranth grains 326:359 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 9 45 theme flour 1343:1347 arg1 forms 1325:1329 different forms 1315:1329 different forms of amaranth flour 1315:1347 In general, inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour did not alter the staling of breads and they exerted similar behaviour during storage. 27913711 3 46 theme control 668:674 arg1 bread 676:680 the control bread 664:680 the control bread 664:680 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 4 47 theme stress 794:799 arg1 parameters 812:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters 784:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties 784:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 3 48 with loaves 562:567 arg1 volume 586:591 the highest volume 574:591 the highest volume 574:591 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 3 49 dep flour 520:524 arg1 non-scalded 544:554 non-scalded 544:554 non-scalded 544:554 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 3 49 dep flour 520:524 arg1 scalded 532:538 scalded 532:538 scalded 532:538 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 8 50 theme storage 1281:1287 arg1 days 1273:1276 six days 1269:1276 six days of storage 1269:1287 The changes in the crumb textural and elastic properties caused by staling turned significant after six days of storage. 27913711 6 51 theme increased 1025:1033 arg1 time 1043:1046 increased storage time 1025:1046 increased storage time 1025:1046 Drying loss and staling degree significantly increased with increased storage time. 27913711 9 52 theme breads 1378:1383 arg1 staling 1367:1373 the staling 1363:1373 the staling of breads 1363:1383 In general, inclusion of different forms of amaranth flour did not alter the staling of breads and they exerted similar behaviour during storage. 27913711 3 53 theme Native 504:509 arg1 flour 520:524 Native amaranth flour 504:524 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) 504:555 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 0 54 theme breads 73:78 arg1 storage 52:58 storage 52:58 storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain 52:138 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 2 55 theme bread 381:385 arg1 formulation 387:397 spelt bread formulation 375:397 spelt bread formulation 375:397 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 3 56 theme highest 578:584 arg1 volume 586:591 the highest volume 574:591 the highest volume 574:591 Native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb but not in comparison to the control bread. 27913711 4 57 from differences 769:779 arg1 parameters 812:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters 784:821 the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties 784:892 Crumb resilience did not show significant differences among the breads but there were differences in the crumb stress relaxation parameters which indicated certain influence on the crumb viscoelastic properties. 27913711 2 58 theme grains 354:359 arg1 forms 336:340 Different forms 326:340 Different forms of amaranth grains 326:359 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 8 59 theme elastic 1207:1213 arg1 properties 1215:1224 the crumb textural and elastic properties 1184:1224 properties 1215:1224 The changes in the crumb textural and elastic properties caused by staling turned significant after six days of storage. 27913711 1 60 theme composite 217:225 arg1 blends 248:253 composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 217:253 composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 217:253 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 0 61 theme composite 63:71 arg1 breads 73:78 composite breads 63:78 composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain 63:138 Breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. 27913711 1 62 theme six-day 309:315 arg1 storage 317:323 a six-day storage 307:323 a six-day storage 307:323 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 27913711 7 63 theme popped 1151:1156 arg1 amaranth 1158:1165 popped amaranth 1151:1165 popped amaranth 1151:1165 The staling rate was the highest in the bread with non-scalded amaranth flours (native and flour from popped amaranth). 27913711 2 64 theme amaranth 345:352 arg1 grains 354:359 amaranth grains 345:359 amaranth grains 345:359 Different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. 27913711 1 65 theme spelt 227:231 arg1 blends 248:253 composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 217:253 composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends 217:253 The objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. 29275109 0 0 theme oil 111:113 arg1 absorption 115:124 oil absorption 111:124 oil absorption 111:124 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica aerogels with hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery. 29275109 5 1 theme quality 859:865 arg1 Q 874:874 the quality factor Q 855:874 the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 855:887 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 7 2 theme oil 1084:1086 arg1 absorbing 1088:1096 the oil absorbing 1080:1096 the oil absorbing of BS/SAs 1080:1106 In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. 29275109 8 3 theme recovery 1372:1379 arg1 applications 1341:1352 applications 1341:1352 applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation 1341:1404 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 4 4 theme contact 668:674 arg1 angle 676:680 a contact angle 666:680 a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler 666:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 5 5 theme factor 867:872 arg1 Q 874:874 the quality factor Q 855:874 the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 855:887 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 4 6 theme filler 780:785 arg1 surface 754:760 the surface 750:760 the surface of silica aerogel filler 750:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 5 7 theme outstanding 813:823 arg1 capability 839:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability 800:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils 800:917 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 3 8 dep 80 548:549 arg1 to 545:546 to 545:546 to 545:546 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 5 9 dep 14 886:887 arg1 to 883:884 to 883:884 to 883:884 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 8 10 theme oil-water 1385:1393 arg1 separation 1395:1404 oil-water separation 1385:1404 oil-water separation 1385:1404 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 5 11 theme oil 825:827 arg1 capability 839:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability 800:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils 800:917 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 3 12 contain bear 516:519 arg1 BCAs/SAs 503:510 The BCAs/SAs 499:510 The BCAs/SAs 499:510 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 3 12 contain bear 516:519 arg2 strain 535:540 a compressive strain 521:540 a compressive strain up to 80% 521:550 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 5 13 theme absorbing 829:837 arg1 capability 839:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability 800:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils 800:917 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 1 14 theme Bacterial 140:148 arg1 BCAs/SAs 186:193 BCAs/SAs 186:193 BCAs/SAs 186:193 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 1 14 theme Bacterial 140:148 arg1 aerogels 176:183 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels 140:183 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) 140:194 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 2 15 theme recyclable 471:480 arg1 compressibility 482:496 recyclable compressibility 471:496 recyclable compressibility 471:496 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 5 16 from 14 886:887 arg1 Q 874:874 the quality factor Q 855:874 the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 855:887 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 6 17 theme composites 1055:1064 arg1 ability 1040:1046 the superelastic ability 1023:1046 the superelastic ability of the composites 1023:1064 Moreover, the absorbed oil can be retrieved by mechanically squeezed with a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites. 29275109 1 18 link derived 303:309 arg1 aerogels 318:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 2 19 dep them 446:449 arg1 compressibility 482:496 recyclable compressibility 471:496 recyclable compressibility 471:496 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 2 19 dep them 446:449 arg1 superelasticity 451:465 superelasticity 451:465 superelasticity 451:465 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 3 20 theme original 570:577 arg1 shapes 579:584 their original shapes 564:584 their original shapes 564:584 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 6 21 theme related 1012:1018 arg1 % 1010:1010 88% 1008:1010 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites 1008:1064 Moreover, the absorbed oil can be retrieved by mechanically squeezed with a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites. 29275109 6 22 theme superelastic 1027:1038 arg1 ability 1040:1046 the superelastic ability 1023:1046 the superelastic ability of the composites 1023:1064 Moreover, the absorbed oil can be retrieved by mechanically squeezed with a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites. 29275109 8 23 theme oleophilic 1278:1287 arg1 properties 1289:1298 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties 1249:1298 properties 1289:1298 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 1 24 theme three-dimensional 215:231 arg1 skeleton 251:258 three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton 215:258 three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton 215:258 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 0 25 theme Superelastic 0:11 arg1 cellulose/silica 44:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica 0:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica 0:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica aerogels with hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery. 29275109 1 26 theme vacuum 345:350 arg1 infiltration 352:363 vacuum infiltration 345:363 vacuum infiltration 345:363 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 4 27 from groups 740:745 arg1 surface 754:760 the surface 750:760 the surface of silica aerogel filler 750:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 1 28 theme self-assembled 233:246 arg1 skeleton 251:258 three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton 215:258 three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton 215:258 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 0 29 theme bacterial 34:42 arg1 cellulose/silica 44:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica 0:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica 0:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica aerogels with hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery. 29275109 1 30 theme BC 248:249 arg1 skeleton 251:258 three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton 215:258 three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton 215:258 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 0 31 theme superhydrophobic 17:32 arg1 cellulose/silica 44:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica 0:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica 0:59 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica aerogels with hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery. 29275109 8 32 theme absorbing 1361:1369 arg1 applications 1341:1352 applications 1341:1352 applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation 1341:1404 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 8 33 theme separation 1395:1404 arg1 applications 1341:1352 applications 1341:1352 applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation 1341:1404 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 1 34 theme freeze 369:374 arg1 drying 376:381 freeze drying 369:381 freeze drying 369:381 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 7 35 theme BS/SAs 1101:1106 arg1 absorbing 1088:1096 the oil absorbing 1080:1096 the oil absorbing of BS/SAs 1080:1106 In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. 29275109 6 36 theme absorbed 934:941 arg1 oil 943:945 the absorbed oil 930:945 the absorbed oil 930:945 Moreover, the absorbed oil can be retrieved by mechanically squeezed with a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites. 29275109 3 37 theme compressive 523:533 arg1 strain 535:540 a compressive strain 521:540 a compressive strain up to 80% 521:550 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 8 38 theme tremendous 1316:1325 arg1 potential 1327:1335 the BC/SAs tremendous potential 1305:1335 the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation 1305:1404 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 7 39 theme harsh 1187:1191 arg1 treatment 1205:1213 harsh conditional treatment 1187:1213 harsh conditional treatment 1187:1213 In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. 29275109 6 40 theme % 1010:1010 arg1 recovery 996:1003 a recovery 994:1003 a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites 994:1064 Moreover, the absorbed oil can be retrieved by mechanically squeezed with a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites. 29275109 5 41 theme BCAs/SAs 804:811 arg1 capability 839:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability 800:848 the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils 800:917 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 5 42 theme organic 893:899 arg1 solvents 901:908 organic solvents 893:908 organic solvents 893:908 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 4 43 theme methyl 733:738 arg1 groups 740:745 the methyl groups 729:745 the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler 729:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 0 44 theme hierarchical 75:86 arg1 structure 97:105 hierarchical cellular structure 75:105 hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery 75:137 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica aerogels with hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery. 29275109 3 45 dep strain 535:540 arg1 % 550:550 % 550:550 % 550:550 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 2 46 theme cellular 420:427 arg1 structure 429:437 a hierarchical cellular structure 405:437 a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility 405:496 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 7 47 theme quality 1142:1148 arg1 Q 1157:1157 the quality factor Q 1138:1157 the quality factor Q about 11 1138:1166 In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. 29275109 1 48 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 BCAs/SAs 186:193 BCAs/SAs 186:193 BCAs/SAs 186:193 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 1 48 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 aerogels 176:183 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels 140:183 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) 140:194 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 7 49 theme conditional 1193:1203 arg1 treatment 1205:1213 harsh conditional treatment 1187:1213 harsh conditional treatment 1187:1213 In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. 29275109 5 50 with capability 839:848 arg1 Q 874:874 the quality factor Q 855:874 the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 855:887 This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. 29275109 1 51 theme aerogels/silica 160:174 arg1 BCAs/SAs 186:193 BCAs/SAs 186:193 BCAs/SAs 186:193 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 1 51 theme aerogels/silica 160:174 arg1 aerogels 176:183 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels 140:183 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) 140:194 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 8 52 theme BC/SAs 1309:1314 arg1 potential 1327:1335 the BC/SAs tremendous potential 1305:1335 the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation 1305:1404 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 3 53 theme stress 611:616 arg1 release 596:602 the release 592:602 the release of the stress 592:616 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 1 54 dep reinforcement 263:275 arg1 aerogels 318:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 7 55 theme factor 1150:1155 arg1 Q 1157:1157 the quality factor Q 1138:1157 the quality factor Q about 11 1138:1166 In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. 29275109 8 56 theme oil 1357:1359 arg1 absorbing 1361:1369 oil absorbing 1357:1369 oil absorbing 1357:1369 Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation. 29275109 4 57 theme 152° 685:688 arg1 angle 676:680 a contact angle 666:680 a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler 666:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 2 58 theme hierarchical 407:418 arg1 structure 429:437 a hierarchical cellular structure 405:437 a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility 405:496 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 3 59 dep % 550:550 arg1 80 548:549 80 548:549 80 548:549 The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. 29275109 4 60 theme aerogel 772:778 arg1 filler 780:785 silica aerogel filler 765:785 silica aerogel filler 765:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 1 61 theme derived 303:309 arg1 aerogels 318:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29275109 0 62 theme cellular 88:95 arg1 structure 97:105 hierarchical cellular structure 75:105 hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery 75:137 Superelastic and superhydrophobic bacterial cellulose/silica aerogels with hierarchical cellular structure for oil absorption and recovery. 29275109 2 63 contain possess 397:403 arg2 structure 429:437 a hierarchical cellular structure 405:437 a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility 405:496 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 2 63 contain possess 397:403 arg1 BCAs/SAs 388:395 The BCAs/SAs 384:395 The BCAs/SAs 384:395 The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. 29275109 4 64 theme super-oleophilicity 694:712 arg1 angle 676:680 a contact angle 666:680 a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler 666:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 4 65 theme silica 765:770 arg1 filler 780:785 silica aerogel filler 765:785 silica aerogel filler 765:785 The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. 29275109 1 66 theme silica 311:316 arg1 aerogels 318:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 derived silica aerogels 303:325 Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. 29254023 2 0 theme novel 528:532 arg1 process 534:540 a novel process 526:540 a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 526:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 0 1 from characterization 15:30 arg1 ε-caprolactone 139:152 ε-caprolactone 139:152 ε-caprolactone 139:152 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 1 from characterization 15:30 arg1 poly 134:137 enzymatic poly 124:137 enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone) 124:153 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 5 2 theme adequate 956:963 arg1 properties 965:974 its adequate properties 952:974 its adequate properties 952:974 Films of the nanocomposite were physicochemically characterized to assess its adequate properties. 29254023 3 3 dep fluid 697:701 arg1 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 3 4 theme fluid 697:701 arg1 medium 749:754 a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium 674:754 a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium 674:754 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 2 5 theme biological 389:398 arg1 chitin 400:405 biological chitin 389:405 biological chitin 389:405 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 0 6 from Production 0:9 arg1 ε-caprolactone 139:152 ε-caprolactone 139:152 ε-caprolactone 139:152 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 6 from Production 0:9 arg1 poly 134:137 enzymatic poly 124:137 enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone) 124:153 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 7 theme extracted 104:112 arg1 chitin 114:119 biologically extracted chitin 91:119 biologically extracted chitin 91:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 8 theme enzymatic 124:132 arg1 ε-caprolactone 139:152 ε-caprolactone 139:152 ε-caprolactone 139:152 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 8 theme enzymatic 124:132 arg1 poly 134:137 enzymatic poly 124:137 enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone) 124:153 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 2 9 theme lactic 425:430 arg1 acid 432:435 lactic acid 425:435 lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes 425:465 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 2 10 theme low 545:547 arg1 temperature 549:559 low temperature 545:559 low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 545:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 2 10 theme low 545:547 arg1 4°C 562:564 4°C 562:564 4°C 562:564 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 0 11 from nanocomposite 37:49 arg1 chitin 114:119 biologically extracted chitin 91:119 biologically extracted chitin 91:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 3 12 from 25bar 733:737 arg1 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 2 13 theme acid 432:435 arg1 fermentation 437:448 lactic acid fermentation 425:448 lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes 425:465 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 2 14 from hydrolysis 512:521 arg1 process 534:540 a novel process 526:540 a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 526:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 2 14 from hydrolysis 512:521 arg1 temperature 549:559 low temperature 545:559 low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 545:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 2 14 from hydrolysis 512:521 arg1 4°C 562:564 4°C 562:564 4°C 562:564 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 1 15 theme chitin 200:205 arg1 nanofillers 207:217 biologically obtained chitin nanofillers 178:217 biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 178:273 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 2 16 theme chitin 486:491 arg1 whiskers 493:500 chitin whiskers 486:500 chitin whiskers 486:500 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 6 17 theme fibroblasts 1026:1036 arg1 viability 1007:1015 the qualitative viability 991:1015 the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells 991:1058 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 6 18 theme osteoblasts 1042:1052 arg1 viability 1007:1015 the qualitative viability 991:1015 the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells 991:1058 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 4 19 from distribution 773:784 arg1 matrix 811:816 the matrix 807:816 the matrix 807:816 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix was corroborated by confocal and atomic force microscopies. 29254023 4 20 theme nanofiller 793:802 arg1 distribution 773:784 The homogeneous distribution 757:784 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix 757:816 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix was corroborated by confocal and atomic force microscopies. 29254023 1 21 theme ultrasonication-assisted 307:330 arg1 methodology 358:368 an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology 304:368 an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology 304:368 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 6 22 theme nanocomposite 1088:1100 arg1 films 1102:1106 the produced nanocomposite films 1075:1106 the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility 1075:1136 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 3 23 theme non-toxic 676:684 arg1 fluid 697:701 non-toxic compressed fluid 676:701 a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium 674:754 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 2 24 theme wastes 460:465 arg1 fermentation 437:448 lactic acid fermentation 425:448 lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes 425:465 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 0 25 theme nanocomposite 37:49 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 25 theme nanocomposite 37:49 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 1 26 theme non-toxic 332:340 arg1 methodology 358:368 an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology 304:368 an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology 304:368 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 3 27 theme compressed 686:695 arg1 fluid 697:701 non-toxic compressed fluid 676:701 a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium 674:754 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 4 28 theme force 858:862 arg1 microscopies 864:875 confocal and atomic force microscopies 838:875 confocal and atomic force microscopies 838:875 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix was corroborated by confocal and atomic force microscopies. 29254023 2 29 theme shrimp 453:458 arg1 wastes 460:465 shrimp wastes 453:465 shrimp wastes 453:465 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 6 30 theme human 1020:1024 arg1 fibroblasts 1026:1036 human fibroblasts 1020:1036 human fibroblasts 1020:1036 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 3 31 theme polyester 627:635 arg1 matrix 637:642 the polyester matrix 623:642 the polyester matrix 623:642 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 5 32 theme nanocomposite 891:903 arg1 Films 878:882 Films 878:882 Films of the nanocomposite 878:903 Films of the nanocomposite were physicochemically characterized to assess its adequate properties. 29254023 2 33 theme acidic 505:510 arg1 hydrolysis 512:521 acidic hydrolysis 505:521 acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 505:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 1 34 theme non-aqueous 346:356 arg1 methodology 358:368 an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology 304:368 an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology 304:368 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 2 35 from temperature 549:559 arg1 process 534:540 a novel process 526:540 a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 526:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 2 35 from temperature 549:559 arg1 hydrolysis 512:521 acidic hydrolysis 505:521 acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield 505:606 For this purpose, biological chitin was obtained from lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes and converted into chitin whiskers by acidic hydrolysis in a novel process at low temperature (4°C) that enhanced the distribution and yield. 29254023 6 36 theme qualitative 995:1005 arg1 viability 1007:1015 the qualitative viability 991:1015 the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells 991:1058 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 6 37 dep fibroblasts 1026:1036 arg1 cells 1054:1058 cells 1054:1058 cells 1054:1058 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 4 38 theme atomic 851:856 arg1 microscopies 864:875 confocal and atomic force microscopies 838:875 confocal and atomic force microscopies 838:875 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix was corroborated by confocal and atomic force microscopies. 29254023 3 39 from 65°C 743:746 arg1 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 704:728 Additionally, the polyester matrix was enzymatically produced in a non-toxic compressed fluid (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 25bar and 65°C) medium. 29254023 1 40 theme poly 247:250 arg1 matrix 268:273 a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 245:273 a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 245:273 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 0 41 from chitin 114:119 arg1 nanocomposite 37:49 a nanocomposite 35:49 a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin 35:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 41 from chitin 114:119 arg1 nanowhiskers 73:84 highly crystalline nanowhiskers 54:84 highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin 54:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 4 42 theme homogeneous 761:771 arg1 distribution 773:784 The homogeneous distribution 757:784 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix 757:816 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix was corroborated by confocal and atomic force microscopies. 29254023 0 43 theme nanowhiskers 73:84 arg1 nanocomposite 37:49 a nanocomposite 35:49 a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin 35:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 0 43 theme nanowhiskers 73:84 arg1 nanowhiskers 73:84 highly crystalline nanowhiskers 54:84 highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin 54:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 6 44 theme good 1116:1119 arg1 biocompatibility 1121:1136 good biocompatibility 1116:1136 good biocompatibility 1116:1136 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 29254023 1 45 from nanofillers 207:217 arg1 nano-composite 158:171 A nano-composite 156:171 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 156:273 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 1 46 theme obtained 191:198 arg1 nanofillers 207:217 biologically obtained chitin nanofillers 178:217 biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 178:273 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 1 47 theme ε-caprolactone 252:265 arg1 matrix 268:273 a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 245:273 a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix 245:273 A nano-composite from biologically obtained chitin nanofillers homogenously dispersed in a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix was successfully achieved by an ultrasonication-assisted non-toxic and non-aqueous methodology. 29254023 0 48 theme crystalline 61:71 arg1 nanowhiskers 73:84 highly crystalline nanowhiskers 54:84 highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin 54:119 Production and characterization of a nanocomposite of highly crystalline nanowhiskers from biologically extracted chitin in enzymatic poly(ε-caprolactone). 29254023 4 49 theme confocal 838:845 arg1 microscopies 864:875 confocal and atomic force microscopies 838:875 confocal and atomic force microscopies 838:875 The homogeneous distribution of the nanofiller in the matrix was corroborated by confocal and atomic force microscopies. 29254023 6 50 theme produced 1079:1086 arg1 films 1102:1106 the produced nanocomposite films 1075:1106 the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility 1075:1136 Additionally, the qualitative viability of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts cells was studied on the produced nanocomposite films showing good biocompatibility. 28561741 0 0 theme water-born 108:117 arg1 scaffold 145:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 4 1 theme synthesized 571:581 arg1 materials 583:591 the synthesized materials 567:591 the synthesized materials 567:591 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 8 2 theme synergistic 1147:1157 arg1 biocompatibility 1159:1174 synergistic biocompatibility 1147:1174 synergistic biocompatibility 1147:1174 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 11 3 theme In 1519:1520 arg1 experiments 1527:1537 In vivo experiments 1519:1537 In vivo experiments 1519:1537 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 0 4 theme bead-free 98:106 arg1 scaffold 145:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 12 5 theme chitosan 1681:1688 arg1 morphology 1702:1711 chitosan nanofibrous morphology 1681:1711 chitosan nanofibrous morphology for multifunctional biomedical applications 1681:1755 The technique provides a guideline to achieve chitosan nanofibrous morphology for multifunctional biomedical applications. 28561741 7 6 theme acid 1084:1087 arg1 absence 1069:1075 the absence 1065:1075 the absence of the acid 1065:1087 A mechanism has been suggested for the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid. 28561741 0 7 dep in 155:156 arg1 vitro 158:162 vitro 158:162 vitro 158:162 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 10 8 theme cell 1424:1427 arg1 growth 1429:1434 cell growth 1424:1434 cell growth 1424:1434 Improved biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth were observed for the nanofibrous scaffolds compared to the individual components. 28561741 10 9 theme Improved 1376:1383 arg1 biocompatibility 1385:1400 Improved biocompatibility 1376:1400 Improved biocompatibility 1376:1400 Improved biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth were observed for the nanofibrous scaffolds compared to the individual components. 28561741 0 10 theme nanofibrous 133:143 arg1 scaffold 145:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 6 11 theme reaction 921:928 arg1 efficiency 881:890 the efficiency 877:890 the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 877:947 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 2 12 theme chitosan 353:360 arg1 biopolymer 299:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 2 12 theme chitosan 353:360 arg1 chloride 362:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 0 13 theme nanocomposite 119:131 arg1 scaffold 145:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 5 14 theme in 783:784 arg1 investigations 804:817 in vitro and in vivo investigations 783:817 in vitro and in vivo investigations 783:817 The scaffold was subjected to in vitro and in vivo investigations. 28561741 6 15 theme ion-exchange 908:919 arg1 reaction 921:928 the cationic ion-exchange reaction 895:928 the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 895:947 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 2 16 theme ammonium 344:351 arg1 biopolymer 299:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 2 16 theme ammonium 344:351 arg1 chloride 362:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 10 17 theme nanofibrous 1458:1468 arg1 scaffolds 1470:1478 the nanofibrous scaffolds 1454:1478 the nanofibrous scaffolds compared to the individual components 1454:1516 Improved biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth were observed for the nanofibrous scaffolds compared to the individual components. 28561741 11 18 theme full-thickness 1587:1600 arg1 wound 1602:1606 a critical-sized full-thickness wound 1570:1606 a critical-sized full-thickness wound 1570:1606 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 6 19 theme cationic 899:906 arg1 reaction 921:928 the cationic ion-exchange reaction 895:928 the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 895:947 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 2 20 theme propyl-3-trimethyl 325:342 arg1 biopolymer 299:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 2 20 theme propyl-3-trimethyl 325:342 arg1 chloride 362:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 10 21 theme cell 1403:1406 arg1 attachment 1408:1417 cell attachment 1403:1417 cell attachment 1403:1417 Improved biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth were observed for the nanofibrous scaffolds compared to the individual components. 28561741 1 22 theme acid-free 191:199 arg1 derivative/montmorillonite 221:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite 188:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite 188:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite has been successfully synthesized. 28561741 11 23 theme wound 1602:1606 arg1 restoration 1555:1565 complete restoration 1546:1565 complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound 1546:1606 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 8 24 theme cell 1180:1183 arg1 growth 1185:1190 cell growth 1180:1190 cell growth 1180:1190 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 11 25 dep In 1519:1520 arg1 vivo 1522:1525 vivo 1522:1525 vivo 1522:1525 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 2 26 dep Fourier 420:426 arg1 transform 428:436 transform 428:436 transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration 428:485 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 8 27 theme unmodified 1230:1239 arg1 clay 1241:1244 unmodified clay 1230:1244 unmodified clay 1230:1244 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 1 28 theme water-born 201:210 arg1 derivative/montmorillonite 221:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite 188:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite 188:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite has been successfully synthesized. 28561741 0 29 theme acid-free 3:11 arg1 chitosan/montmorillonite 36:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite 0:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 0:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 8 30 theme chitosan 1272:1279 arg1 derivative 1281:1290 the chitosan derivative 1268:1290 the chitosan derivative 1268:1290 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 8 31 theme enhanced 1197:1204 arg1 bioactivity 1206:1216 enhanced bioactivity 1197:1216 enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative 1197:1290 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 1 32 theme chitosan 212:219 arg1 derivative/montmorillonite 221:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite 188:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite 188:246 An acid-free water-born chitosan derivative/montmorillonite has been successfully synthesized. 28561741 4 33 used used 598:601 arg2 materials 583:591 the synthesized materials 567:591 the synthesized materials 567:591 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 6 34 from effects 824:830 arg1 efficiency 881:890 the efficiency 877:890 the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 877:947 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 0 35 theme quaternized 24:34 arg1 chitosan/montmorillonite 36:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite 0:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 0:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 8 36 theme modified 1115:1122 arg1 montmorillonite 1124:1138 the modified montmorillonite 1111:1138 the modified montmorillonite 1111:1138 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 9 37 theme ultra-fine 1329:1338 arg1 nanofibers 1364:1373 ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers 1329:1373 ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers 1329:1373 Scanning electron microscopy showed ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers. 28561741 8 38 theme in 1093:1094 arg1 studies 1102:1108 in vitro studies 1093:1108 in vitro studies 1093:1108 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 0 39 theme water-born 13:22 arg1 chitosan/montmorillonite 36:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite 0:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 0:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 4 40 theme engineering 656:666 arg1 applications 668:679 tissue engineering applications 649:679 tissue engineering applications 649:679 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 0 41 theme in 155:156 arg1 approaches 176:185 in vitro and in vivo approaches 155:185 in vitro and in vivo approaches 155:185 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 12 42 theme biomedical 1733:1742 arg1 applications 1744:1755 multifunctional biomedical applications 1717:1755 multifunctional biomedical applications 1717:1755 The technique provides a guideline to achieve chitosan nanofibrous morphology for multifunctional biomedical applications. 28561741 8 43 dep in 1093:1094 arg1 vitro 1096:1100 vitro 1096:1100 vitro 1096:1100 In in vitro studies, the modified montmorillonite showed synergistic biocompatibility and cell growth with enhanced bioactivity compared to unmodified clay and even chitosan and the chitosan derivative. 28561741 3 44 theme montmorillonite 544:558 arg1 reaction 532:539 the cationic ion-exchange reaction 506:539 the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 506:558 It was applied to the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite. 28561741 4 45 theme tissue 649:654 arg1 applications 668:679 tissue engineering applications 649:679 tissue engineering applications 649:679 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 0 46 theme in 168:169 arg1 approaches 176:185 in vitro and in vivo approaches 155:185 in vitro and in vivo approaches 155:185 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 12 47 theme nanofibrous 1690:1700 arg1 morphology 1702:1711 chitosan nanofibrous morphology 1681:1711 chitosan nanofibrous morphology for multifunctional biomedical applications 1681:1755 The technique provides a guideline to achieve chitosan nanofibrous morphology for multifunctional biomedical applications. 28561741 11 48 from infection 1616:1624 arg1 d 1632:1632 21 d 1629:1632 21 d 1629:1632 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 7 49 theme cationic 1022:1029 arg1 reaction 1044:1051 the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction 1003:1051 the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid 1003:1087 A mechanism has been suggested for the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid. 28561741 3 50 theme ion-exchange 519:530 arg1 reaction 532:539 the cationic ion-exchange reaction 506:539 the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 506:558 It was applied to the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite. 28561741 2 51 theme conductometric 462:475 arg1 titration 477:485 conductometric titration 462:485 conductometric titration 462:485 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 11 52 theme complete 1546:1553 arg1 restoration 1555:1565 complete restoration 1546:1565 complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound 1546:1606 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 12 53 theme multifunctional 1717:1731 arg1 applications 1744:1755 multifunctional biomedical applications 1717:1755 multifunctional biomedical applications 1717:1755 The technique provides a guideline to achieve chitosan nanofibrous morphology for multifunctional biomedical applications. 28561741 2 54 theme natural-based 285:297 arg1 biopolymer 299:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 2 54 theme natural-based 285:297 arg1 chloride 362:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 9 55 theme nanocomposite 1350:1362 arg1 nanofibers 1364:1373 ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers 1329:1373 ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers 1329:1373 Scanning electron microscopy showed ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers. 28561741 5 56 dep in 796:797 arg1 vivo 799:802 vivo 799:802 vivo 799:802 The scaffold was subjected to in vitro and in vivo investigations. 28561741 9 57 theme bead-free 1340:1348 arg1 nanofibers 1364:1373 ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers 1329:1373 ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers 1329:1373 Scanning electron microscopy showed ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers. 28561741 11 58 theme critical-sized 1572:1585 arg1 wound 1602:1606 a critical-sized full-thickness wound 1570:1606 a critical-sized full-thickness wound 1570:1606 In vivo experiments showed complete restoration of a critical-sized full-thickness wound without infection in 21 d. 28561741 6 59 theme media 868:872 arg1 effects 824:830 The effects 820:830 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 820:947 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 5 60 dep in 783:784 arg1 vitro 786:790 vitro 786:790 vitro 786:790 The scaffold was subjected to in vitro and in vivo investigations. 28561741 4 61 theme composite 625:633 arg1 scaffolds 635:643 water-born composite scaffolds 614:643 water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications 614:679 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 6 62 theme reaction 859:866 arg1 media 868:872 both acidic and neutral reaction media 835:872 both acidic and neutral reaction media 835:872 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 7 63 theme ion-exchange 1031:1042 arg1 reaction 1044:1051 the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction 1003:1051 the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid 1003:1087 A mechanism has been suggested for the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid. 28561741 4 64 theme water-born 614:623 arg1 scaffolds 635:643 water-born composite scaffolds 614:643 water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications 614:679 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 5 65 theme in 796:797 arg1 investigations 804:817 in vitro and in vivo investigations 783:817 in vitro and in vivo investigations 783:817 The scaffold was subjected to in vitro and in vivo investigations. 28561741 2 66 theme 2-hydroxy 314:322 arg1 biopolymer 299:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 2 66 theme 2-hydroxy 314:322 arg1 chloride 362:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 6 67 theme neutral 851:857 arg1 media 868:872 both acidic and neutral reaction media 835:872 both acidic and neutral reaction media 835:872 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 0 68 dep approaches 176:185 arg1 chitosan/montmorillonite 36:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite 0:59 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 0:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 4 69 theme bead-free 706:714 arg1 scaffold 743:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 10 70 theme individual 1496:1505 arg1 components 1507:1516 the individual components 1492:1516 the individual components 1492:1516 Improved biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth were observed for the nanofibrous scaffolds compared to the individual components. 28561741 9 71 theme Scanning 1293:1300 arg1 microscopy 1311:1320 Scanning electron microscopy 1293:1320 Scanning electron microscopy 1293:1320 Scanning electron microscopy showed ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers. 28561741 7 72 theme efficient 1012:1020 arg1 reaction 1044:1051 the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction 1003:1051 the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid 1003:1087 A mechanism has been suggested for the more efficient cationic ion-exchange reaction achieved in the absence of the acid. 28561741 4 73 theme ultra-fine 695:704 arg1 scaffold 743:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 0 74 theme ultra-fine 87:96 arg1 scaffold 145:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 6 75 theme montmorillonite 933:947 arg1 reaction 921:928 the cationic ion-exchange reaction 895:928 the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 895:947 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 2 76 theme N- 311:312 arg1 biopolymer 299:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer 283:308 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 2 76 theme N- 311:312 arg1 chloride 362:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride 311:369 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 6 77 theme acidic 840:845 arg1 media 868:872 both acidic and neutral reaction media 835:872 both acidic and neutral reaction media 835:872 The effects of both acidic and neutral reaction media on the efficiency of the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite were investigated. 28561741 0 78 dep in 168:169 arg1 vivo 171:174 vivo 171:174 vivo 171:174 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 3 79 theme cationic 510:517 arg1 reaction 532:539 the cationic ion-exchange reaction 506:539 the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite 506:558 It was applied to the cationic ion-exchange reaction of montmorillonite. 28561741 4 80 theme nanofibrous 731:741 arg1 scaffold 743:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 28561741 0 81 theme innovative 76:85 arg1 scaffold 145:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold 73:152 An acid-free water-born quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite loaded into an innovative ultra-fine bead-free water-born nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffold; in vitro and in vivo approaches. 28561741 2 82 dep transform 428:436 arg1 infrared 438:445 infrared 438:445 transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration 428:485 A natural-based biopolymer, N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride, was synthesized, and its structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and conductometric titration. 28561741 9 83 theme electron 1302:1309 arg1 microscopy 1311:1320 Scanning electron microscopy 1293:1320 Scanning electron microscopy 1293:1320 Scanning electron microscopy showed ultra-fine bead-free nanocomposite nanofibers. 28561741 4 84 theme multicomponent 716:729 arg1 scaffold 743:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold 692:750 Then, the synthesized materials were used to produce water-born composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and formed an ultra-fine bead-free multicomponent nanofibrous scaffold. 27013506 0 0 theme papain 89:94 arg1 immobilization 71:84 immobilization 71:84 immobilization of papain 71:94 Fibrous polymer-grafted chitosan/clay composite beads as a carrier for immobilization of papain and its usability for mercury elimination. 27013506 6 1 theme immobilized 921:931 arg1 beads 960:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 914:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury 914:1009 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury was investigated. 27013506 5 2 theme immobilized 662:672 arg1 papain 674:679 immobilized papain 662:679 immobilized papain 662:679 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 3 3 theme polymer-modified 503:518 arg1 beads 530:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 9 4 theme salts 1567:1571 arg1 presence 1540:1547 presence 1540:1547 presence of multiple metal salts 1540:1571 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 5 5 theme Michaelis-Menten 760:775 arg1 Km 787:788 Km 787:788 Km 787:788 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 5 5 theme Michaelis-Menten 760:775 arg1 constant 777:784 Michaelis-Menten constant 760:784 Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes 760:832 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 6 6 theme papain 914:919 arg1 beads 960:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 914:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury 914:1009 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury was investigated. 27013506 5 7 theme papain 674:679 arg1 activity 650:657 The proteolytic activity 634:657 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain 634:679 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 3 8 theme composite 520:528 arg1 beads 530:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 5 9 theme maximum 731:737 arg1 velocity 739:746 maximum velocity 731:746 maximum velocity (V max) 731:754 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 5 9 theme maximum 731:737 arg1 max 751:753 V max 749:753 V max 749:753 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 9 10 from reduction 1504:1512 arg1 presence 1540:1547 presence 1540:1547 presence of multiple metal salts 1540:1571 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 7 11 theme initial 1123:1129 arg1 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 11 theme initial 1123:1129 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 1 12 theme poly 263:266 arg1 beads 249:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 12 theme poly 263:266 arg1 chitosan/clay 294:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 7 13 theme metal 1131:1135 arg1 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 13 theme metal 1131:1135 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 14 theme polymer-modified 1165:1180 arg1 beads 1192:1196 polymer-modified composite beads 1165:1196 polymer-modified composite beads 1165:1196 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 2 15 dep FTIR 355:358 arg1 analysis 368:375 analysis 368:375 analysis 368:375 Characterization studies have been done using FTIR and SEM analysis. 27013506 4 16 theme 34.47 ± 1.18 607:618 arg1 capacity 556:563 The immobilization capacity 537:563 The immobilization capacity of composite beads 537:582 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 4 16 theme 34.47 ± 1.18 607:618 arg1 mg/g 628:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 8 17 theme papain 1280:1285 arg1 beads 1326:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 8 18 theme Zn 1378:1379 arg1 ions 1398:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 3 19 theme papain 439:444 arg1 pH 407:408 pH 407:408 pH 407:408 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 3 19 theme papain 439:444 arg1 concentration 422:434 initial concentration 414:434 initial concentration 414:434 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 6 20 theme mercury 1003:1009 arg1 elimination 988:998 the elimination 984:998 the elimination of mercury 984:1009 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury was investigated. 27013506 5 21 theme proteolytic 638:648 arg1 activity 650:657 The proteolytic activity 634:657 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain 634:679 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 4 22 theme n = 3 621:625 arg1 capacity 556:563 The immobilization capacity 537:563 The immobilization capacity of composite beads 537:582 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 4 22 theme n = 3 621:625 arg1 mg/g 628:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 1 23 theme important 172:180 arg1 enzyme 182:187 an industrially important enzyme 156:187 an industrially important enzyme 156:187 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 23 theme important 172:180 arg1 Papain 139:144 Papain 139:144 Papain 139:144 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 7 24 theme 4.88 ± 0.21 mg 1094:1107 arg1 Hg/g 1109:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 24 theme 4.88 ± 0.21 mg 1094:1107 arg1 capacity 1049:1056 The maximum removal capacity 1029:1056 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads 1029:1071 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 4 25 theme beads 578:582 arg1 capacity 556:563 The immobilization capacity 537:563 The immobilization capacity of composite beads 537:582 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 4 25 theme beads 578:582 arg1 mg/g 628:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 9 26 theme metal 1561:1565 arg1 salts 1567:1571 multiple metal salts 1552:1571 multiple metal salts 1552:1571 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 5 27 theme Lineweaver-Burk 856:870 arg1 equations 890:898 Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations 856:898 Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations 856:898 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 1 28 theme methacrylic 268:278 arg1 poly 263:266 poly 263:266 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 28 theme methacrylic 268:278 arg1 acid 280:283 methacrylic acid 268:283 methacrylic acid 268:283 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 2 29 theme Characterization 309:324 arg1 studies 326:332 Characterization studies 309:332 Characterization studies 309:332 Characterization studies have been done using FTIR and SEM analysis. 27013506 9 30 theme papain 1439:1444 arg1 beads 1485:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 0 31 theme composite 38:46 arg1 beads 48:52 composite beads 38:52 composite beads 38:52 Fibrous polymer-grafted chitosan/clay composite beads as a carrier for immobilization of papain and its usability for mercury elimination. 27013506 0 31 theme composite 38:46 arg1 carrier 59:65 a carrier 57:65 a carrier for immobilization of papain 57:94 Fibrous polymer-grafted chitosan/clay composite beads as a carrier for immobilization of papain and its usability for mercury elimination. 27013506 4 32 theme composite 568:576 arg1 beads 578:582 composite beads 568:582 composite beads 568:582 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 9 33 theme adsorption 1416:1425 arg1 reduction 1504:1512 a slight reduction 1495:1512 a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g 1495:1535 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 9 33 theme adsorption 1416:1425 arg1 capacity 1427:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity 1404:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1404:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 8 34 theme immobilized 1287:1297 arg1 beads 1326:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 3 35 theme Operating 378:386 arg1 parameters 388:397 Operating parameters 378:397 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain 378:444 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 3 35 theme Operating 378:386 arg1 pH 407:408 pH 407:408 pH 407:408 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 3 35 theme Operating 378:386 arg1 concentration 422:434 initial concentration 414:434 initial concentration 414:434 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 0 36 theme mercury 118:124 arg1 elimination 126:136 mercury elimination 118:136 mercury elimination 118:136 Fibrous polymer-grafted chitosan/clay composite beads as a carrier for immobilization of papain and its usability for mercury elimination. 27013506 8 37 theme Cd 1390:1391 arg1 ions 1398:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 8 38 theme Cu 1369:1370 arg1 ions 1398:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 9 39 theme mercury 1408:1414 arg1 reduction 1504:1512 a slight reduction 1495:1512 a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g 1495:1535 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 9 39 theme mercury 1408:1414 arg1 capacity 1427:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity 1404:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1404:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 5 40 theme immobilized 814:824 arg1 enzymes 826:832 the free and immobilized enzymes 801:832 the free and immobilized enzymes 801:832 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 5 41 theme constant 777:784 arg1 values 791:796 Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values 760:796 Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes 760:832 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 1 42 theme -grafted 285:292 arg1 beads 249:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 42 theme -grafted 285:292 arg1 chitosan/clay 294:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 9 43 from 1.15 1519:1522 arg1 reduction 1504:1512 a slight reduction 1495:1512 a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g 1495:1535 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 9 43 from 1.15 1519:1522 arg1 capacity 1427:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity 1404:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1404:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 8 44 theme composite 1316:1324 arg1 beads 1326:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 5 45 theme enzymes 826:832 arg1 values 791:796 Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values 760:796 Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes 760:832 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 3 46 theme initial 414:420 arg1 concentration 422:434 initial concentration 414:434 initial concentration 414:434 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 4 47 theme immobilization 541:554 arg1 capacity 556:563 The immobilization capacity 537:563 The immobilization capacity of composite beads 537:582 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 4 47 theme immobilization 541:554 arg1 mg/g 628:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g 607:631 The immobilization capacity of composite beads has been determined as 34.47 ± 1.18 (n = 3) mg/g. 27013506 7 48 theme composite 1182:1190 arg1 beads 1192:1196 polymer-modified composite beads 1165:1196 polymer-modified composite beads 1165:1196 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 49 from pH 1225:1226 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 49 from pH 1225:1226 arg1 0.04 g 1215:1220 0.04 g 1215:1220 0.04 g 1215:1220 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 49 from pH 1225:1226 arg1 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 50 theme beads 1192:1196 arg1 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 50 mg/L 1203:1209 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 50 theme beads 1192:1196 arg1 weight 1155:1160 weight 1155:1160 weight 1155:1160 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 50 theme beads 1192:1196 arg1 concentration 1137:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 the initial metal concentration 1119:1149 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 51 theme removal 1041:1047 arg1 Hg/g 1109:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 51 theme removal 1041:1047 arg1 capacity 1049:1056 The maximum removal capacity 1029:1056 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads 1029:1071 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 8 52 theme polymer-modified 1299:1314 arg1 beads 1326:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1276:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 8 53 theme Mercury 1245:1251 arg1 performance 1261:1271 Mercury removal performance 1245:1271 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1245:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 7 54 theme beads 1067:1071 arg1 Hg/g 1109:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 54 theme beads 1067:1071 arg1 capacity 1049:1056 The maximum removal capacity 1029:1056 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads 1029:1071 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 9 55 theme composite 1475:1483 arg1 beads 1485:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 3 56 theme papain 484:489 arg1 beads 530:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 6 57 theme beads 960:964 arg1 Usability 901:909 Usability 901:909 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury 901:1009 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury was investigated. 27013506 5 58 theme bovine 700:705 arg1 BSA 722:724 BSA 722:724 BSA 722:724 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 5 58 theme bovine 700:705 arg1 albumin 713:719 bovine serum albumin 700:719 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 700:725 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 9 59 theme polymer-modified 1458:1473 arg1 beads 1485:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 3 60 theme immobilized 491:501 arg1 beads 530:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 6 61 theme composite 950:958 arg1 beads 960:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 914:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury 914:1009 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury was investigated. 27013506 5 62 theme serum 707:711 arg1 BSA 722:724 BSA 722:724 BSA 722:724 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 5 62 theme serum 707:711 arg1 albumin 713:719 bovine serum albumin 700:719 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 700:725 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 7 63 theme maximum 1033:1039 arg1 Hg/g 1109:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g 1094:1112 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 7 63 theme maximum 1033:1039 arg1 capacity 1049:1056 The maximum removal capacity 1029:1056 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads 1029:1071 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 9 64 theme slight 1497:1502 arg1 reduction 1504:1512 a slight reduction 1495:1512 a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g 1495:1535 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 9 64 theme slight 1497:1502 arg1 capacity 1427:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity 1404:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1404:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 1 65 theme fibrous 214:220 arg1 beads 249:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 65 theme fibrous 214:220 arg1 chitosan/clay 294:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 7 66 theme PIPMC 1061:1065 arg1 beads 1067:1071 PIPMC beads 1061:1071 PIPMC beads 1061:1071 The maximum removal capacity of PIPMC beads has been found to be 4.88 ± 0.21 mg Hg/g when the initial metal concentration and weight of polymer-modified composite beads were 50 mg/L and 0.04 g at pH 7, respectively. 27013506 9 67 theme multiple 1552:1559 arg1 salts 1567:1571 multiple metal salts 1552:1571 multiple metal salts 1552:1571 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 3 68 theme finest 477:482 arg1 beads 530:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 473:534 Operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of papain have been varied to obtain the finest papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads. 27013506 1 69 theme polymer-modified 222:237 arg1 beads 249:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 69 theme polymer-modified 222:237 arg1 chitosan/clay 294:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 9 70 theme beads 1485:1489 arg1 reduction 1504:1512 a slight reduction 1495:1512 a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g 1495:1535 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 9 70 theme beads 1485:1489 arg1 capacity 1427:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity 1404:1434 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1404:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 8 71 with conjunction 1352:1362 arg1 ions 1398:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions 1369:1401 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 9 72 theme immobilized 1446:1456 arg1 beads 1485:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1439:1489 The mercury adsorption capacity of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was a slight reduction from 1.15 to 0.89 mg/g in presence of multiple metal salts. 27013506 5 73 theme Eadie-Hofstee 876:888 arg1 equations 890:898 Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations 856:898 Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations 856:898 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 8 74 theme removal 1253:1259 arg1 performance 1261:1271 Mercury removal performance 1245:1271 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1245:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 27013506 1 75 theme composite 239:247 arg1 beads 249:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 fibrous polymer-modified composite beads 214:253 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 1 75 theme composite 239:247 arg1 chitosan/clay 294:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay 263:306 Papain, which is an industrially important enzyme, has been immobilized on fibrous polymer-modified composite beads, namely poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/clay. 27013506 6 76 theme polymer-modified 933:948 arg1 beads 960:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 914:964 papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury 914:1009 Usability of papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads as adsorbents for the elimination of mercury was investigated. 27013506 5 77 theme free 805:808 arg1 enzymes 826:832 the free and immobilized enzymes 801:832 the free and immobilized enzymes 801:832 The proteolytic activity of immobilized papain was operated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee equations. 27013506 8 78 theme beads 1326:1330 arg1 performance 1261:1271 Mercury removal performance 1245:1271 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads 1245:1330 Mercury removal performance of the papain immobilized polymer-modified composite beads was investigated in conjunction with Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions. 28345351 0 0 theme Copolymer-Encapsulated 98:119 arg1 Nanoparticles 126:138 Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 98:138 Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 98:138 Shape Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles. 28345351 6 1 theme copolymer 959:967 arg1 temperature 940:950 the phase transition temperature 919:950 the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K) 919:975 During repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K), the composite reproducibly showed recognition behavior at 298 K. 28345351 1 2 theme gold 197:200 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 gold nanoparticles 197:214 gold nanoparticles encapsulated by an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer 197:265 Nanometer-sized composite particles, which consisted of gold nanoparticles encapsulated by an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer, were successfully synthesized using a one-step process. 28345351 2 3 theme O157-antigen 360:371 arg1 cavities 344:351 Shape complementary cavities 324:351 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen 324:371 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 9 4 theme specific 1418:1425 arg1 composite 1445:1453 the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1414:1453 the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1414:1453 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 0 5 theme Gold 121:124 arg1 Nanoparticles 126:138 Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 98:138 Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 98:138 Shape Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles. 28345351 6 6 theme recognition 1012:1022 arg1 behavior 1024:1031 recognition behavior 1012:1031 recognition behavior 1012:1031 During repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K), the composite reproducibly showed recognition behavior at 298 K. 28345351 1 7 theme composite 157:165 arg1 particles 167:175 Nanometer-sized composite particles 141:175 Nanometer-sized composite particles 141:175 Nanometer-sized composite particles, which consisted of gold nanoparticles encapsulated by an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer, were successfully synthesized using a one-step process. 28345351 9 8 theme antigen-imprinted 1427:1443 arg1 composite 1445:1453 the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1414:1453 the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1414:1453 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 9 9 theme composite 1445:1453 arg1 formation 1401:1409 the simple formation 1390:1409 the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1390:1453 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 5 10 theme O157-antigen 794:805 arg1 Recognition 775:785 Recognition 775:785 Recognition of the O157-antigen 775:805 Recognition of the O157-antigen ceased upon heating to 313 K but was restored upon cooling to 298 K. 28345351 6 11 theme phase 923:927 arg1 transition 929:938 the phase transition 919:938 the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K) 919:975 During repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K), the composite reproducibly showed recognition behavior at 298 K. 28345351 4 12 theme other 727:731 arg1 types 733:737 other types 727:737 other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough 727:772 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 4 12 theme other 727:731 arg1 O26 758:760 O26 758:760 O26 758:760 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 4 12 theme other 727:731 arg1 Rough 768:772 Rough 768:772 Rough 768:772 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 0 13 theme Memory 6:11 arg1 Characteristics 13:27 Memory Characteristics 6:27 Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 6:138 Shape Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles. 28345351 3 14 theme gold 640:643 arg1 nanoparticles 645:657 the gold nanoparticles 636:657 the gold nanoparticles 636:657 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 6 15 theme transition 929:938 arg1 temperature 940:950 the phase transition temperature 919:950 the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K) 919:975 During repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K), the composite reproducibly showed recognition behavior at 298 K. 28345351 3 16 dep coli 522:525 arg1 coli 531:534 E. coli 528:534 E. coli 528:534 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 3 17 theme nanoparticles 645:657 arg1 properties 622:631 the optical properties 610:631 the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles 610:657 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 1 18 theme N-isopropylacrylamide 235:255 arg1 copolymer 257:265 an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer 232:265 an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer 232:265 Nanometer-sized composite particles, which consisted of gold nanoparticles encapsulated by an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer, were successfully synthesized using a one-step process. 28345351 1 19 theme Nanometer-sized 141:155 arg1 particles 167:175 Nanometer-sized composite particles 141:175 Nanometer-sized composite particles 141:175 Nanometer-sized composite particles, which consisted of gold nanoparticles encapsulated by an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer, were successfully synthesized using a one-step process. 28345351 2 20 theme copolymer 458:466 arg1 changes 443:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes 388:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer 388:466 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 0 21 theme Cavities 47:54 arg1 Characteristics 13:27 Memory Characteristics 6:27 Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 6:138 Shape Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles. 28345351 9 22 theme target 1314:1319 arg1 bacterium 1321:1329 a target bacterium 1312:1329 a target bacterium 1312:1329 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 3 23 theme coli 522:525 arg1 O157 537:540 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 492:540 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 492:540 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 0 24 theme O157-Antigenic 32:45 arg1 Cavities 47:54 O157-Antigenic Cavities 32:54 O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles 32:138 Shape Memory Characteristics of O157-Antigenic Cavities Generated on Nanocomposites Consisting of Copolymer-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles. 28345351 6 25 theme temperature 892:902 arg1 cycling 904:910 repeated temperature cycling 883:910 repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K) 883:975 During repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K), the composite reproducibly showed recognition behavior at 298 K. 28345351 9 26 theme threats 1379:1385 arg1 identification 1347:1360 an identification 1344:1360 an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1344:1453 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 9 27 theme new 1365:1367 arg1 threats 1379:1385 new bacterial threats 1365:1385 new bacterial threats 1365:1385 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 6 28 theme repeated 883:890 arg1 cycling 904:910 repeated temperature cycling 883:910 repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K) 883:975 During repeated temperature cycling around the phase transition temperature of the copolymer (305 K), the composite reproducibly showed recognition behavior at 298 K. 28345351 2 29 theme affinity 434:441 arg1 changes 443:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes 388:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer 388:466 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 7 30 theme binding 1047:1053 arg1 ability 1055:1061 The binding ability 1043:1061 The binding ability of the composite 1043:1078 The binding ability of the composite could be switched reversibly. 28345351 3 31 theme light-scattering 564:579 arg1 intensity 581:589 light-scattering intensity 564:589 light-scattering intensity of the cell 564:601 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 3 32 theme enterohemorrhagic 492:508 arg1 O157 537:540 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 492:540 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 492:540 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 9 33 theme bacterial 1369:1377 arg1 threats 1379:1385 new bacterial threats 1365:1385 new bacterial threats 1365:1385 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 7 34 theme composite 1070:1078 arg1 ability 1055:1061 The binding ability 1043:1061 The binding ability of the composite 1043:1078 The binding ability of the composite could be switched reversibly. 28345351 2 35 theme temperature-dependent 412:432 arg1 changes 443:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes 388:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer 388:466 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 9 36 theme bacterium 1321:1329 arg1 detection 1299:1307 the detection 1295:1307 the detection of a target bacterium 1295:1329 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 8 37 theme O157-antigen 1174:1185 arg1 structure 1157:1165 the molecular structure 1143:1165 the molecular structure of the O157-antigen 1143:1185 Therefore, it was concluded that the molecular structure of the O157-antigen was memorized by the composite, rather than being molded into it. 28345351 2 38 theme complementary 330:342 arg1 cavities 344:351 Shape complementary cavities 324:351 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen 324:371 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 2 39 theme utilizing 402:410 arg1 changes 443:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes 388:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer 388:466 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 2 40 theme Shape 324:328 arg1 cavities 344:351 Shape complementary cavities 324:351 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen 324:371 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 2 41 theme composite 392:400 arg1 changes 443:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes 388:449 the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer 388:466 Shape complementary cavities of the O157-antigen were formed on the composite utilizing temperature-dependent affinity changes of the copolymer. 28345351 3 42 theme cell 598:601 arg1 intensity 581:589 light-scattering intensity 564:589 light-scattering intensity of the cell 564:601 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 9 43 theme simple 1394:1399 arg1 formation 1401:1409 the simple formation 1390:1409 the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite 1390:1453 This technique is applicable not only for the detection of a target bacterium but also for an identification of new bacterial threats by the simple formation of the specific antigen-imprinted composite. 28345351 8 44 theme molecular 1147:1155 arg1 structure 1157:1165 the molecular structure 1143:1165 the molecular structure of the O157-antigen 1143:1185 Therefore, it was concluded that the molecular structure of the O157-antigen was memorized by the composite, rather than being molded into it. 28345351 3 45 theme optical 614:620 arg1 properties 622:631 the optical properties 610:631 the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles 610:657 The composite bound to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 at 298 K and enhanced light-scattering intensity of the cell due to the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles. 28345351 4 46 theme excellent 691:699 arg1 >15 714:716 >15 714:716 >15 714:716 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 4 46 theme excellent 691:699 arg1 selectivity 701:711 excellent selectivity 691:711 excellent selectivity (>15) 691:717 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 4 47 theme coli 745:748 arg1 types 733:737 other types 727:737 other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough 727:772 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 4 47 theme coli 745:748 arg1 O26 758:760 O26 758:760 O26 758:760 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 4 47 theme coli 745:748 arg1 Rough 768:772 Rough 768:772 Rough 768:772 Moreover, the composite showed excellent selectivity (>15) against other types of E. coli such as O26 and O Rough. 28345351 1 48 theme one-step 306:313 arg1 process 315:321 a one-step process 304:321 a one-step process 304:321 Nanometer-sized composite particles, which consisted of gold nanoparticles encapsulated by an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer, were successfully synthesized using a one-step process. 28832547 6 0 theme microcarrier 939:950 arg1 surface 924:930 the surface 920:930 the surface of the microcarrier 920:950 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 7 1 dep MSCs 1203:1206 arg1 culture 1208:1214 culture 1208:1214 culture 1208:1214 In conclusion, silk/alginate microcarriers represent a suitable support for MSCs culture and expansion. 28832547 7 1 dep MSCs 1203:1206 arg1 MSCs 1203:1206 MSCs culture and expansion 1203:1228 MSCs culture and expansion 1203:1228 In conclusion, silk/alginate microcarriers represent a suitable support for MSCs culture and expansion. 28832547 7 1 dep MSCs 1203:1206 arg1 expansion 1220:1228 expansion 1220:1228 expansion 1220:1228 In conclusion, silk/alginate microcarriers represent a suitable support for MSCs culture and expansion. 28832547 6 2 theme metabolic 1057:1065 arg1 activity 1067:1074 their metabolic activity 1051:1074 their metabolic activity 1051:1074 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 1 3 theme silk 151:154 arg1 fibroin 156:162 silk fibroin's 151:164 silk fibroin's properties 151:175 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 6 4 theme culture 1014:1020 arg1 system 1022:1027 this innovative 3D culture system 995:1027 this innovative 3D culture system 995:1027 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 8 5 theme advanced 1342:1349 arg1 therapy 1351:1357 advanced therapy 1342:1357 advanced therapy 1342:1357 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 28832547 2 6 theme silk 331:334 arg1 solution 344:351 silk fibroin solution 331:351 silk fibroin solution 331:351 Alginate microcarriers were prepared, added to silk fibroin solution, and then treated with ethanol to induce silk conformational transition. 28832547 4 7 theme in 526:527 arg1 cytocompatibility 535:551 in vitro cytocompatibility 526:551 in vitro cytocompatibility 526:551 Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility and suitability as delivery systems for MSCs were investigated. 28832547 5 8 theme silk/alginate 698:710 arg1 microcarriers 712:724 silk/alginate microcarriers 698:724 silk/alginate microcarriers 698:724 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 8 9 theme regenerative 1363:1374 arg1 medicine 1376:1383 regenerative medicine 1363:1383 regenerative medicine 1363:1383 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 28832547 6 10 theme innovative 1000:1009 arg1 system 1022:1027 this innovative 3D culture system 995:1027 this innovative 3D culture system 995:1027 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 7 11 theme silk/alginate 1142:1154 arg1 microcarriers 1156:1168 silk/alginate microcarriers 1142:1168 silk/alginate microcarriers 1142:1168 In conclusion, silk/alginate microcarriers represent a suitable support for MSCs culture and expansion. 28832547 2 12 theme Alginate 284:291 arg1 microcarriers 293:305 Alginate microcarriers 284:305 Alginate microcarriers 284:305 Alginate microcarriers were prepared, added to silk fibroin solution, and then treated with ethanol to induce silk conformational transition. 28832547 5 13 from geometry 754:761 arg1 diameter 788:795 average diameter 780:795 average diameter 780:795 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 5 14 theme manufacturing 644:656 arg1 process 658:664 our manufacturing process 640:664 our manufacturing process 640:664 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 6 15 theme differentiation 1100:1114 arg1 potential 1116:1124 their multi-lineage differentiation potential 1080:1124 their multi-lineage differentiation potential 1080:1124 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 5 16 theme average 780:786 arg1 diameter 788:795 average diameter 780:795 average diameter 780:795 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 6 17 theme stem 1030:1033 arg1 cells 1035:1039 stem cells 1030:1039 stem cells 1030:1039 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 6 18 theme multi-lineage 1086:1098 arg1 potential 1116:1124 their multi-lineage differentiation potential 1080:1124 their multi-lineage differentiation potential 1080:1124 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 8 19 theme developed 1283:1291 arg1 system 1296:1301 the developed 3D system 1279:1301 the developed 3D system 1279:1301 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 28832547 8 20 theme 3D 1293:1294 arg1 system 1296:1301 the developed 3D system 1279:1301 the developed 3D system 1279:1301 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 28832547 5 21 with stable 731:736 arg1 geometry 754:761 spherical geometry 744:761 spherical geometry 744:761 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 5 21 with stable 731:736 arg1 μm 774:775 about 400 μm 764:775 about 400 μm in average diameter 764:795 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 5 21 with stable 731:736 arg1 fibroin 802:808 fibroin 802:808 fibroin homogeneously coated the surface 802:841 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 0 22 theme Silk/Alginate 26:38 arg1 Microcarriers 40:52 Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers 15:52 Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers 15:52 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 4 23 theme delivery 572:579 arg1 systems 581:587 delivery systems 572:587 delivery systems 572:587 Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility and suitability as delivery systems for MSCs were investigated. 28832547 5 24 theme spherical 744:752 arg1 geometry 754:761 spherical geometry 744:761 spherical geometry 744:761 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 1 25 theme innovative 188:197 arg1 microcarriers 209:221 innovative composite microcarriers 188:221 innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation 188:281 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 0 26 theme Innovative 15:24 arg1 Microcarriers 40:52 Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers 15:52 Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers 15:52 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 0 27 dep Cell 75:78 arg1 Delivery 80:87 Delivery 80:87 Delivery 80:87 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 0 27 dep Cell 75:78 arg1 Regeneration 100:111 Regeneration 100:111 Regeneration 100:111 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 6 28 dep able 854:857 arg1 adhere 862:867 adhere 862:867 to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface 859:905 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 6 28 dep able 854:857 arg1 cover 914:918 cover 914:918 to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture 911:979 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 1 29 theme composite 199:207 arg1 microcarriers 209:221 innovative composite microcarriers 188:221 innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation 188:281 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 2 30 theme conformational 399:412 arg1 transition 414:423 silk conformational transition 394:423 silk conformational transition 394:423 Alginate microcarriers were prepared, added to silk fibroin solution, and then treated with ethanol to induce silk conformational transition. 28832547 8 31 dep therapy 1351:1357 arg1 applications 1385:1396 applications 1385:1396 applications 1385:1396 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 28832547 3 32 theme size 463:466 arg1 distribution 468:479 size distribution 463:479 size distribution 463:479 Microcarriers were characterized for size distribution, coating stability and homogeneity. 28832547 0 33 theme Microcarriers 40:52 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 0:112 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 6 34 theme culture 973:979 arg1 days 965:968 three days 959:968 three days of culture 959:979 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 6 35 theme 3D 1011:1012 arg1 system 1022:1027 this innovative 3D culture system 995:1027 this innovative 3D culture system 995:1027 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 6 36 theme microcarrier 886:897 arg1 surface 899:905 the microcarrier surface 882:905 the microcarrier surface 882:905 MSCs were able to adhere rapidly onto the microcarrier surface and to cover the surface of the microcarrier within three days of culture; moreover, on this innovative 3D culture system, stem cells preserved their metabolic activity and their multi-lineage differentiation potential. 28832547 2 37 theme silk 394:397 arg1 transition 414:423 silk conformational transition 394:423 silk conformational transition 394:423 Alginate microcarriers were prepared, added to silk fibroin solution, and then treated with ethanol to induce silk conformational transition. 28832547 0 38 theme Stem 70:73 arg1 Cell 75:78 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration 58:111 Cell 75:78 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 4 39 dep in 526:527 arg1 vitro 529:533 vitro 529:533 vitro 529:533 Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility and suitability as delivery systems for MSCs were investigated. 28832547 5 40 from μm 774:775 arg1 diameter 788:795 average diameter 780:795 average diameter 780:795 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 0 41 theme Mesenchymal 58:68 arg1 Cell 75:78 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration 58:111 Cell 75:78 Fabrication of Innovative Silk/Alginate Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery and Tissue Regeneration. 28832547 2 42 theme fibroin 336:342 arg1 solution 344:351 silk fibroin solution 331:351 silk fibroin solution 331:351 Alginate microcarriers were prepared, added to silk fibroin solution, and then treated with ethanol to induce silk conformational transition. 28832547 5 43 from fibroin 802:808 arg1 diameter 788:795 average diameter 780:795 average diameter 780:795 Results indicated that our manufacturing process is consistent and reproducible: silk/alginate microcarriers were stable, with spherical geometry, about 400 μm in average diameter, and fibroin homogeneously coated the surface. 28832547 7 44 theme suitable 1182:1189 arg1 support 1191:1197 a suitable support 1180:1197 a suitable support for MSCs culture and expansion 1180:1228 In conclusion, silk/alginate microcarriers represent a suitable support for MSCs culture and expansion. 28832547 1 45 theme study 130:134 arg1 aim 118:120 The aim 114:120 The aim of this study 114:134 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 1 46 theme mesenchymal 227:237 arg1 cell 244:247 mesenchymal stem cell 227:247 mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion 227:263 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 1 46 theme mesenchymal 227:237 arg1 MSCs 250:253 MSCs 250:253 MSCs 250:253 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 8 47 theme cell 1323:1326 arg1 delivery 1328:1335 cell delivery 1323:1335 cell delivery 1323:1335 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 28832547 1 48 theme stem 239:242 arg1 cell 244:247 mesenchymal stem cell 227:247 mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion 227:263 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 1 48 theme stem 239:242 arg1 MSCs 250:253 MSCs 250:253 MSCs 250:253 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 1 49 theme cell 244:247 arg1 adhesion 256:263 mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion 227:263 mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion 227:263 The aim of this study was to exploit silk fibroin's properties to develop innovative composite microcarriers for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) adhesion and proliferation. 28832547 8 50 theme MSCs 1260:1263 arg1 multipotency 1265:1276 MSCs multipotency 1260:1276 MSCs multipotency 1260:1276 Since it is able to preserve MSCs multipotency, the developed 3D system can be intended for cell delivery, for advanced therapy and regenerative medicine applications. 26810922 0 0 theme Swine 74:78 arg1 Manure 80:85 Swine Manure 74:85 Swine Manure 74:85 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 2 1 theme solid 489:493 arg1 ratio 464:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio 443:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 443:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 2 theme 2.5 473:475 arg1 ratio 464:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio 443:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 443:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 1 3 theme swine 228:232 arg1 manure 234:239 swine manure 228:239 swine manure (SM) 228:244 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 3 theme swine 228:232 arg1 SM 242:243 SM 242:243 SM 242:243 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 3 theme swine 228:232 arg1 yield 259:263 biogas yield 252:263 biogas yield 252:263 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 3 theme swine 228:232 arg1 recovery 276:283 energy recovery 269:283 energy recovery 269:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 5 4 theme digestion 885:893 arg1 45 days 874:880 45 days 874:880 45 days of digestion 874:893 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 4 5 theme SM/poplar 657:665 arg1 ratio 672:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio 653:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio 653:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 8 6 theme biogas 1200:1205 arg1 production 1207:1216 the biogas production 1196:1216 the biogas production 1196:1216 The composition analysis revealed that cellulose and hemicellulose contributed to the biogas production. 26810922 4 7 theme leaf 667:670 arg1 ratio 672:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio 653:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio 653:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 4 8 theme significant 734:744 arg1 influence 746:754 significant influence 734:754 significant influence 734:754 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 3 9 theme cumulative 539:548 arg1 yield 557:561 the cumulative biogas yield 535:561 the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf 535:576 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 2 10 used used 307:310 arg2 leaf 298:301 poplar leaf 291:301 poplar leaf 291:301 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 10 used used 307:310 arg2 substrate 322:330 a sole substrate 315:330 a sole substrate 315:330 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 6 11 theme poplar 945:950 arg1 leaf 952:955 poplar leaf 945:955 poplar leaf 945:955 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 3 12 theme leaf 573:576 arg1 yield 557:561 the cumulative biogas yield 535:561 the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf 535:576 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 6 13 theme 1.88 g VS day 1015:1027 arg1 rate 998:1001 the organic loading rate 978:1001 the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1) 978:1031 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 0 14 with Codigestion 57:67 arg1 Manure 80:85 Swine Manure 74:85 Swine Manure 74:85 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 5 15 theme biogas 858:863 arg1 yield 865:869 the biogas yield 854:869 the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion 854:893 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 5 15 theme biogas 858:863 arg1 highest 903:909 highest 903:909 highest 903:909 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 7 16 theme daily 1046:1050 arg1 yield 1059:1063 The average daily biogas yield 1034:1063 The average daily biogas yield 1034:1063 The average daily biogas yield was 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) and 208.4 mL (g VS)(-1). 26810922 7 16 theme daily 1046:1050 arg1 230.2 mL 1069:1076 230.2 mL 1069:1076 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) 1069:1087 The average daily biogas yield was 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) and 208.4 mL (g VS)(-1). 26810922 7 17 theme biogas 1052:1057 arg1 yield 1059:1063 The average daily biogas yield 1034:1063 The average daily biogas yield 1034:1063 The average daily biogas yield was 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) and 208.4 mL (g VS)(-1). 26810922 7 17 theme biogas 1052:1057 arg1 230.2 mL 1069:1076 230.2 mL 1069:1076 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) 1069:1087 The average daily biogas yield was 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) and 208.4 mL (g VS)(-1). 26810922 2 18 theme % 506:506 arg1 ratio 464:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio 443:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 443:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 6 19 theme 1.25 1006:1009 arg1 rate 998:1001 the organic loading rate 978:1001 the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1) 978:1031 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 6 20 theme semi-continuous 916:930 arg1 digestion 932:940 The semi-continuous digestion 912:940 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf 912:955 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 1 21 theme anaerobic 143:151 arg1 biodegradability 153:168 anaerobic biodegradability 143:168 anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 143:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 5 22 from yield 865:869 arg1 45 days 874:880 45 days 874:880 45 days of digestion 874:893 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 3 23 theme poplar 566:571 arg1 leaf 573:576 poplar leaf 566:576 poplar leaf 566:576 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 1 24 theme biodegradability 153:168 arg1 improvement 128:138 the improvement 124:138 the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 124:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 3 25 theme same 519:522 arg1 condition 524:532 the same condition 515:532 the same condition 515:532 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 2 26 theme sole 317:320 arg1 leaf 298:301 poplar leaf 291:301 poplar leaf 291:301 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 26 theme sole 317:320 arg1 substrate 322:330 a sole substrate 315:330 a sole substrate 315:330 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 0 27 theme Yield 22:26 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 0:86 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 4 28 theme cosubstrate 709:719 arg1 ratio 696:700 C/N ratio 692:700 C/N ratio of the cosubstrate 692:719 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 1 29 theme organic 173:179 arg1 fractions 181:189 organic fractions 173:189 organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 173:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 0 30 theme Biogas 15:20 arg1 Yield 22:26 Biogas Yield 15:26 Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf 15:41 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 1 31 theme fractions 181:189 arg1 biodegradability 153:168 anaerobic biodegradability 143:168 anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 143:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 0 32 theme Poplar 31:36 arg1 Leaf 38:41 Poplar Leaf 31:41 Poplar Leaf 31:41 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 1 33 theme biogas 252:257 arg1 manure 234:239 swine manure 228:239 swine manure (SM) 228:244 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 33 theme biogas 252:257 arg1 yield 259:263 biogas yield 252:263 biogas yield 252:263 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 2 34 theme digestion 428:436 arg1 45 days 417:423 45 days 417:423 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 417:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 8 35 theme composition 1118:1128 arg1 analysis 1130:1137 The composition analysis 1114:1137 The composition analysis 1114:1137 The composition analysis revealed that cellulose and hemicellulose contributed to the biogas production. 26810922 6 36 theme loading 990:996 arg1 rate 998:1001 the organic loading rate 978:1001 the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1) 978:1031 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 2 37 theme biogas 348:353 arg1 low 365:367 low 365:367 low 365:367 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 37 theme biogas 348:353 arg1 yield 355:359 the cumulative biogas yield 333:359 the cumulative biogas yield 333:359 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 38 theme solid 395:399 arg1 g volatile 384:393 g volatile solid (VS) 384:404 g volatile 384:393 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 38 theme solid 395:399 arg1 163 mL 376:381 163 mL 376:381 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 376:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 6 39 theme organic 982:988 arg1 rate 998:1001 the organic loading rate 978:1001 the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1) 978:1031 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 1 40 theme poplar 194:199 arg1 leaf 201:204 poplar leaf 194:204 poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 194:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 41 from codigestion 211:221 arg1 fractions 181:189 organic fractions 173:189 organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 173:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 41 from codigestion 211:221 arg1 leaf 201:204 poplar leaf 194:204 poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 194:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 4 42 theme biogas 759:764 arg1 yield 766:770 biogas yield 759:770 biogas yield 759:770 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 0 43 theme Leaf 38:41 arg1 Yield 22:26 Biogas Yield 15:26 Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf 15:41 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 1 44 theme energy 269:274 arg1 manure 234:239 swine manure 228:239 swine manure (SM) 228:244 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 44 theme energy 269:274 arg1 recovery 276:283 energy recovery 269:283 energy recovery 269:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 3 45 dep 2:5 634:636 arg1 VS 648:649 VS 648:649 VS 648:649 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 5 46 theme C/N 812:814 arg1 ratio 816:820 C/N ratio 812:820 C/N ratio 812:820 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 4 47 contain has 730:732 arg1 ratio 672:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio 653:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio 653:676 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 4 47 contain has 730:732 arg2 influence 746:754 significant influence 734:754 significant influence 734:754 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 2 48 theme poplar 291:296 arg1 leaf 298:301 poplar leaf 291:301 poplar leaf 291:301 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 48 theme poplar 291:296 arg1 substrate 322:330 a sole substrate 315:330 a sole substrate 315:330 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 49 with digestion 428:436 arg1 ratio 464:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio 443:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 443:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 1 50 from fractions 181:189 arg1 codigestion 211:221 codigestion 211:221 codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 211:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 51 theme work 104:107 arg1 aim 92:94 The aim 88:94 The aim of this work 88:107 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 52 theme leaf 201:204 arg1 fractions 181:189 organic fractions 173:189 organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery 173:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 2 53 theme substrate/inoculum 445:462 arg1 ratio 464:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio 443:468 a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 % 443:506 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 5 54 theme SM/poplar 782:790 arg1 2:5 807:809 2:5 807:809 2:5 807:809 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 5 54 theme SM/poplar 782:790 arg1 ratio 797:801 the SM/poplar leaf ratio 778:801 the SM/poplar leaf ratio 778:801 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 1 55 with codigestion 211:221 arg1 manure 234:239 swine manure 228:239 swine manure (SM) 228:244 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 55 with codigestion 211:221 arg1 SM 242:243 SM 242:243 SM 242:243 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 55 with codigestion 211:221 arg1 yield 259:263 biogas yield 252:263 biogas yield 252:263 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 1 55 with codigestion 211:221 arg1 recovery 276:283 energy recovery 269:283 energy recovery 269:283 The aim of this work was to examine the improvement of anaerobic biodegradability of organic fractions of poplar leaf from codigestion with swine manure (SM), thus biogas yield and energy recovery. 26810922 2 56 theme cumulative 337:346 arg1 low 365:367 low 365:367 low 365:367 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 2 56 theme cumulative 337:346 arg1 yield 355:359 the cumulative biogas yield 333:359 the cumulative biogas yield 333:359 When poplar leaf was used as a sole substrate, the cumulative biogas yield was low, about 163 mL (g volatile solid (VS))(-1) after 45 days of digestion with a substrate/inoculum ratio of 2.5 and a total solid (TS) of 22 %. 26810922 5 57 theme leaf 792:795 arg1 2:5 807:809 2:5 807:809 2:5 807:809 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 5 57 theme leaf 792:795 arg1 ratio 797:801 the SM/poplar leaf ratio 778:801 the SM/poplar leaf ratio 778:801 When the SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5, C/N ratio was calculated to be 27.02, and the biogas yield in 45 days of digestion was the highest. 26810922 7 58 theme average 1038:1044 arg1 yield 1059:1063 The average daily biogas yield 1034:1063 The average daily biogas yield 1034:1063 The average daily biogas yield was 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) and 208.4 mL (g VS)(-1). 26810922 7 58 theme average 1038:1044 arg1 230.2 mL 1069:1076 230.2 mL 1069:1076 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) 1069:1087 The average daily biogas yield was 230.2 mL (g VS)(-1) and 208.4 mL (g VS)(-1). 26810922 3 59 theme SM/poplar 609:617 arg1 ratio 624:628 SM/poplar leaf ratio 609:628 SM/poplar leaf ratio 609:628 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 0 60 theme High-Solid 46:55 arg1 Codigestion 57:67 High-Solid Codigestion 46:67 High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure 46:85 Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. 26810922 3 61 theme biogas 550:555 arg1 yield 557:561 the cumulative biogas yield 535:561 the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf 535:576 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 26810922 6 62 theme leaf 952:955 arg1 digestion 932:940 The semi-continuous digestion 912:940 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf 912:955 The semi-continuous digestion of poplar leaf was carried out with the organic loading rate of 1.25 and 1.88 g VS day(-1). 26810922 4 63 theme C/N 692:694 arg1 ratio 696:700 C/N ratio 692:700 C/N ratio of the cosubstrate 692:719 The SM/poplar leaf ratio can determine C/N ratio of the cosubstrate and thus has significant influence on biogas yield. 26810922 3 64 theme leaf 619:622 arg1 ratio 624:628 SM/poplar leaf ratio 609:628 SM/poplar leaf ratio 609:628 Under the same condition, the cumulative biogas yield of poplar leaf reached 321 mL (g VS)(-1) when SM/poplar leaf ratio was 2:5 (based on VS). 27214596 0 0 theme glucose 107:113 arg1 detection 94:102 the sub-millimolar detection 75:102 the sub-millimolar detection of glucose 75:113 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel nanoparticles/biopolymer composite films for the sub-millimolar detection of glucose. 27214596 1 1 theme superior 330:337 arg1 ratio 357:361 superior surface-to-volume ratio 330:361 superior surface-to-volume ratio 330:361 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 5 2 from samples 1065:1071 arg1 applications 1002:1013 potential applications 992:1013 potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 992:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 2 from samples 1065:1071 arg1 self-management 1022:1036 the self-management 1018:1036 the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1018:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 2 3 theme conjugate 435:443 arg1 synthesis 383:391 synthesis 383:391 synthesis 383:391 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 2 3 theme conjugate 435:443 arg1 characterization 406:421 physical characterization 397:421 physical characterization 397:421 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 1 4 theme surface-to-volume 339:355 arg1 ratio 357:361 superior surface-to-volume ratio 330:361 superior surface-to-volume ratio 330:361 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 3 5 theme chitosan 617:624 arg1 film 609:612 a nanocomposite film 593:612 a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase 593:644 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 3 5 theme chitosan 617:624 arg1 conjugate 527:535 The conjugate 523:535 The conjugate 523:535 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 1 6 theme ratio 357:361 arg1 combination 258:268 their combination 252:268 their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio 252:361 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 5 7 theme assays 1111:1116 arg1 development 1083:1093 the development 1079:1093 the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1079:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 8 theme sub-millimolar 963:976 arg1 range 978:982 the sub-millimolar range 959:982 the sub-millimolar range 959:982 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 4 9 theme glucose 774:780 arg1 biosensor 782:790 a glucose biosensor 772:790 a glucose biosensor 772:790 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 27214596 1 10 theme graphene 137:144 arg1 conjugates 123:132 Hybrid conjugates 116:132 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures 116:188 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 4 11 from time 815:818 arg1 tests 840:844 proof-of-concept tests 823:844 proof-of-concept tests 823:844 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 27214596 2 12 theme nanoparticles 482:494 arg1 conjugate 435:443 a hybrid conjugate 426:443 a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) 426:507 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 5 13 theme body 1122:1125 arg1 breath 1159:1164 breath 1159:1164 breath 1159:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 13 theme body 1122:1125 arg1 tears 1150:1154 tears 1150:1154 tears 1150:1154 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 13 theme body 1122:1125 arg1 fluids 1127:1132 body fluids 1122:1132 body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1122:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 13 theme body 1122:1125 arg1 saliva 1142:1147 saliva 1142:1147 saliva 1142:1147 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 4 14 theme proof-of-concept 823:838 arg1 tests 840:844 proof-of-concept tests 823:844 proof-of-concept tests 823:844 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 27214596 3 15 theme glassy 566:571 arg1 electrode 580:588 a glassy carbon electrode 564:588 a glassy carbon electrode 564:588 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 2 16 theme nickel 475:480 arg1 nanoparticles 482:494 reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles 448:494 reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) 448:507 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 2 16 theme nickel 475:480 arg1 NPs 504:506 rGO-Ni NPs 497:506 rGO-Ni NPs 497:506 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 0 17 theme graphene 8:15 arg1 oxide-nickel 17:28 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel 0:28 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel 0:28 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel nanoparticles/biopolymer composite films for the sub-millimolar detection of glucose. 27214596 3 18 theme nanocomposite 595:607 arg1 film 609:612 a nanocomposite film 593:612 a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase 593:644 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 3 18 theme nanocomposite 595:607 arg1 conjugate 527:535 The conjugate 523:535 The conjugate 523:535 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 2 19 theme physical 397:404 arg1 characterization 406:421 physical characterization 397:421 physical characterization 397:421 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 5 20 from applications 1002:1013 arg1 samples 1065:1071 blood samples 1059:1071 blood samples 1059:1071 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 20 from applications 1002:1013 arg1 self-management 1022:1036 the self-management 1018:1036 the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1018:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 1 21 theme sensors 237:243 arg1 sensitivity 206:216 the sensitivity 202:216 the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio 202:361 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 0 22 theme Reduced 0:6 arg1 oxide-nickel 17:28 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel 0:28 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel 0:28 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel nanoparticles/biopolymer composite films for the sub-millimolar detection of glucose. 27214596 1 23 theme Hybrid 116:121 arg1 conjugates 123:132 Hybrid conjugates 116:132 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures 116:188 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 2 24 theme oxide 465:469 arg1 nanoparticles 482:494 reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles 448:494 reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) 448:507 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 2 24 theme oxide 465:469 arg1 NPs 504:506 rGO-Ni NPs 497:506 rGO-Ni NPs 497:506 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 3 25 theme glucose 630:636 arg1 oxidase 638:644 glucose oxidase 630:644 glucose oxidase 630:644 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 5 26 theme good 890:893 arg1 linearity 895:903 the good linearity 886:903 the good linearity 886:903 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 3 27 theme oxidase 638:644 arg1 film 609:612 a nanocomposite film 593:612 a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase 593:644 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 3 27 theme oxidase 638:644 arg1 conjugate 527:535 The conjugate 523:535 The conjugate 523:535 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 5 28 from self-management 1022:1036 arg1 development 1083:1093 the development 1079:1093 the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1079:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 29 theme μA 932:933 arg1 cm 935:936 up to 129 μA cm(-2) 922:940 up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1) 922:947 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 2 30 theme rGO-Ni 497:502 arg1 nanoparticles 482:494 reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles 448:494 reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) 448:507 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 2 30 theme rGO-Ni 497:502 arg1 NPs 504:506 rGO-Ni NPs 497:506 rGO-Ni NPs 497:506 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 0 31 theme composite 55:63 arg1 films 65:69 composite films 55:69 composite films for the sub-millimolar detection of glucose 55:113 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel nanoparticles/biopolymer composite films for the sub-millimolar detection of glucose. 27214596 4 32 theme electrochemical 651:665 arg1 response 667:674 The electrochemical response 647:674 The electrochemical response 647:674 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 27214596 5 33 dep 129 928:930 arg1 to 925:926 to 925:926 to 925:926 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 34 theme low 851:853 arg1 potential 865:873 The low operating potential 847:873 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range 847:982 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 35 theme non-invasive 1098:1109 arg1 assays 1111:1116 non-invasive assays 1098:1116 non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1098:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 36 theme hypoglycemia 1041:1052 arg1 self-management 1022:1036 the self-management 1018:1036 the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 1018:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 2 37 theme hybrid 428:433 arg1 conjugate 435:443 a hybrid conjugate 426:443 a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) 426:507 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 5 38 theme operating 855:863 arg1 potential 865:873 The low operating potential 847:873 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range 847:982 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 39 theme blood 1059:1063 arg1 samples 1065:1071 blood samples 1059:1071 blood samples 1059:1071 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 3 40 theme carbon 573:578 arg1 electrode 580:588 a glassy carbon electrode 564:588 a glassy carbon electrode 564:588 The conjugate was further deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode as a nanocomposite film of chitosan and glucose oxidase. 27214596 5 41 located found 950:954 arg1 range 978:982 the sub-millimolar range 959:982 the sub-millimolar range 959:982 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 41 located found 950:954 arg2 linearity 895:903 the good linearity 886:903 the good linearity 886:903 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 42 theme potential 992:1000 arg1 applications 1002:1013 potential applications 992:1013 potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath 992:1164 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 1 43 theme metallic/semiconducting 151:173 arg1 nanostructures 175:188 metallic/semiconducting nanostructures 151:188 metallic/semiconducting nanostructures 151:188 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 4 44 theme first 809:813 arg1 time 815:818 the first time 805:818 the first time in proof-of-concept tests 805:844 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 27214596 1 45 theme well-balanced 273:285 arg1 properties 315:324 well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties 273:324 well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties 273:324 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 2 46 theme reduced 448:454 arg1 oxide 465:469 reduced graphene oxide 448:469 reduced graphene oxide 448:469 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 1 47 theme electrical/electrocatalytic 287:313 arg1 properties 315:324 well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties 273:324 well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties 273:324 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 5 48 theme cm 935:936 arg1 mM 942:943 up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM 922:943 up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1) 922:947 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 48 theme cm 935:936 arg1 -1 945:946 -1 945:946 -1 945:946 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 2 49 dep synthesis 383:391 arg1 the 379:381 the 379:381 the 379:381 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 2 50 theme graphene 456:463 arg1 oxide 465:469 reduced graphene oxide 448:469 reduced graphene oxide 448:469 In this study, the synthesis and physical characterization of a hybrid conjugate of reduced graphene oxide and nickel nanoparticles (rGO-Ni NPs) is presented. 27214596 1 51 theme electrochemical 221:235 arg1 sensors 237:243 electrochemical sensors 221:243 electrochemical sensors 221:243 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 1 52 theme properties 315:324 arg1 combination 258:268 their combination 252:268 their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio 252:361 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 0 53 theme sub-millimolar 79:92 arg1 detection 94:102 the sub-millimolar detection 75:102 the sub-millimolar detection of glucose 75:113 Reduced graphene oxide-nickel nanoparticles/biopolymer composite films for the sub-millimolar detection of glucose. 27214596 5 54 dep linearity 895:903 arg1 mM 942:943 up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM 922:943 up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1) 922:947 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 5 54 dep linearity 895:903 arg1 -1 945:946 -1 945:946 -1 945:946 The low operating potential along with the good linearity and sensitivity (up to 129 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) found in the sub-millimolar range suggest potential applications in the self-management of hypoglycemia from blood samples or in the development of non-invasive assays for body fluids such as saliva, tears or breath. 27214596 1 55 with conjugates 123:132 arg1 nanostructures 175:188 metallic/semiconducting nanostructures 151:188 metallic/semiconducting nanostructures 151:188 Hybrid conjugates of graphene with metallic/semiconducting nanostructures can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors due to their combination of well-balanced electrical/electrocatalytic properties and superior surface-to-volume ratio. 27214596 4 56 theme films 698:702 arg1 morphology 680:689 morphology 680:689 morphology of the films 680:702 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 27214596 4 56 theme films 698:702 arg1 response 667:674 The electrochemical response 647:674 The electrochemical response 647:674 The electrochemical response and morphology of the films were investigated using SEM, CV, and EIS, and their applications as a glucose biosensor explored for the first time in proof-of-concept tests. 25737128 4 0 theme osteoblast-like 923:937 arg1 cells 939:943 cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 908:943 cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 908:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 1 theme scaffold 625:632 arg1 fabrication 634:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 1 theme scaffold 625:632 arg1 properties 657:666 essential properties 647:666 essential properties of the materials manufactured 647:696 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 1 theme scaffold 625:632 arg1 influence 706:714 the influence 702:714 the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 702:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 2 2 theme chitosan/β-tricalcium 371:391 arg1 phosphate 393:401 chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate 371:401 chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) 371:410 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 2 2 theme chitosan/β-tricalcium 371:391 arg1 CH/TCP 404:409 CH/TCP 404:409 CH/TCP 404:409 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 1 3 theme preparation 291:301 arg1 technique 223:231 a technique 221:231 a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 221:301 In the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. 25737128 5 4 contain had 1055:1057 arg2 size 1158:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 5 4 contain had 1055:1057 arg1 content 1040:1046 the calcium phosphate content 1018:1046 the calcium phosphate content 1018:1046 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 5 4 contain had 1055:1057 arg2 influence 1072:1080 a particular influence 1059:1080 a particular influence 1059:1080 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 5 4 contain had 1055:1057 arg2 distribution 1118:1129 size distribution 1113:1129 size distribution 1113:1129 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 7 5 theme modulus 1535:1541 arg1 values 1543:1548 the Young's modulus values 1523:1548 the Young's modulus values 1523:1548 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 6 6 theme phosphate 1314:1322 arg1 concentration 1324:1336 the increasing calcium phosphate concentration 1291:1336 the increasing calcium phosphate concentration 1291:1336 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 1 7 theme presented 185:193 arg1 work 195:198 the hereby presented work 174:198 the hereby presented work 174:198 In the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. 25737128 4 8 theme cultured 908:915 arg1 cells 939:943 cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 908:943 cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 908:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 9 theme TCP 727:729 arg1 concentrations 731:744 various TCP concentrations 719:744 various TCP concentrations 719:744 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 6 10 theme increasing 1295:1304 arg1 concentration 1324:1336 the increasing calcium phosphate concentration 1291:1336 the increasing calcium phosphate concentration 1291:1336 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 5 11 theme inner 1135:1139 arg1 size 1158:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 8 12 theme Green 1743:1747 arg1 assay 1749:1753 Pico Green assay 1738:1753 Pico Green assay 1738:1753 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 13 theme only 1880:1883 arg1 biomaterial 1885:1895 CH only biomaterial 1877:1895 CH only biomaterial 1877:1895 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 5 14 theme pore 1153:1156 arg1 size 1158:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 8 15 theme phosphate 1989:1997 arg1 concentration 1999:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 7 16 theme technology 1448:1457 arg1 usage 1425:1429 the usage 1421:1429 the usage of granule-based technology 1421:1457 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 8 17 dep h 1717:1717 arg1 days 1729:1732 7 and 14 days 1720:1732 7 and 14 days 1720:1732 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 4 18 theme mechanical 770:779 arg1 properties 781:790 mechanical properties 770:790 mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) 770:823 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 5 19 theme materials 977:985 arg1 properties 950:959 The properties 946:959 The properties of the obtained materials 946:985 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 7 20 theme scaffolds 1653:1661 arg1 state 1640:1644 the hydrated state 1627:1644 the hydrated state of the scaffolds 1627:1661 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 0 21 theme composite 13:21 arg1 scaffold 41:48 composite microsphere-based scaffold 13:48 composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering 13:76 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 7 22 theme hydrated 1631:1638 arg1 state 1640:1644 the hydrated state 1627:1644 the hydrated state of the scaffolds 1627:1661 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 8 23 theme inorganic 1798:1806 arg1 phase 1808:1812 inorganic phase 1798:1812 inorganic phase 1798:1812 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 0 24 theme tricalcium 93:102 arg1 content 114:120 tricalcium phosphate content 93:120 tricalcium phosphate content 93:120 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 8 25 contain containing 1958:1967 arg1 material 1949:1956 the material 1945:1956 the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1945:2011 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 25 contain containing 1958:1967 arg2 concentration 1999:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 4 26 theme preliminary 829:839 arg1 study 841:845 preliminary study 829:845 preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 829:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 0 27 theme content 114:120 arg1 evaluation 79:88 evaluation 79:88 evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content 79:120 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 4 28 theme dry 797:799 arg1 materials 814:822 dry and hydrated materials 797:822 dry and hydrated materials 797:822 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 2 29 theme microspheres 412:423 arg1 agglomeration 336:348 the agglomeration 332:348 the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres 332:423 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 8 30 theme control 1823:1829 arg1 % 1818:1818 75 % 1815:1818 75 % of control 1815:1829 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 30 theme control 1823:1829 arg1 control 1823:1829 control 1823:1829 control 1823:1829 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 2 31 theme matrices 463:470 arg1 design 472:477 3D matrices design 460:477 3D matrices design 460:477 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 4 32 theme hydrated 805:812 arg1 materials 814:822 dry and hydrated materials 797:822 dry and hydrated materials 797:822 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 8 33 theme calcium 1981:1987 arg1 concentration 1999:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 7 34 theme dry 1595:1597 arg1 materials 1599:1607 dry materials 1595:1607 dry materials 1595:1607 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 5 35 theme calcium 1022:1028 arg1 content 1040:1046 the calcium phosphate content 1018:1046 the calcium phosphate content 1018:1046 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 2 36 theme novel 442:446 arg1 approach 448:455 a novel approach 440:455 a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application 440:517 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 7 37 theme MPa 1587:1589 arg1 range 1570:1574 the range 1566:1574 the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds 1566:1661 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 7 38 theme properties 1368:1377 arg1 evaluation 1343:1352 The evaluation 1339:1352 The evaluation of mechanical properties 1339:1377 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 2 39 theme tissue 488:493 arg1 engineering 495:505 bone tissue engineering 483:505 bone tissue engineering application 483:517 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 4 40 theme CH/TCP 880:885 arg1 scaffolds 887:895 CH/TCP scaffolds 880:895 CH/TCP scaffolds 880:895 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 0 41 theme bone 54:57 arg1 engineering 66:76 bone tissue engineering 54:76 bone tissue engineering 54:76 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 4 42 from properties 781:790 arg1 interaction 854:864 the interaction 850:864 the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 850:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 43 theme essential 647:655 arg1 fabrication 634:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 43 theme essential 647:655 arg1 properties 657:666 essential properties 647:666 essential properties of the materials manufactured 647:696 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 3 44 theme high 553:556 arg1 chitosan 579:586 high deacetylation degree chitosan 553:586 high deacetylation degree chitosan 553:586 The materials were prepared from high deacetylation degree chitosan. 25737128 8 45 theme time 1701:1704 arg1 points 1706:1711 three time points 1695:1711 three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) 1695:1733 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 45 theme time 1701:1704 arg1 h 1717:1717 48 h 1714:1717 48 h 1714:1717 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 1 46 theme biodegradable 263:275 arg1 preparation 291:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 In the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. 25737128 6 47 theme water 1168:1172 arg1 lower 1205:1209 lower 1205:1209 lower 1205:1209 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 6 47 theme water 1168:1172 arg1 ability 1181:1187 The water uptake ability 1164:1187 The water uptake ability 1164:1187 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 48 dep lower 1760:1764 arg1 % 1818:1818 75 % 1815:1818 75 % of control 1815:1829 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 48 dep lower 1760:1764 arg1 control 1823:1829 control 1823:1829 control 1823:1829 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 2 49 theme phosphate 393:401 arg1 microspheres 412:423 chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres 353:423 chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres 353:423 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 1 50 theme scaffold 282:289 arg1 preparation 291:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 In the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. 25737128 4 51 theme MG-63 917:921 arg1 cells 939:943 cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 908:943 cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 908:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 8 52 theme cell 1668:1671 arg1 number 1673:1678 The cell number 1664:1678 The cell number 1664:1678 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 52 theme cell 1668:1671 arg1 lower 1760:1764 lower 1760:1764 lower 1760:1764 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 53 theme cell 1841:1844 arg1 steadier 1918:1925 steadier 1918:1925 steadier 1918:1925 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 8 53 theme cell 1841:1844 arg1 distribution 1846:1857 cell distribution 1841:1857 cell distribution 1841:1857 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 3 54 theme degree 572:577 arg1 chitosan 579:586 high deacetylation degree chitosan 553:586 high deacetylation degree chitosan 553:586 The materials were prepared from high deacetylation degree chitosan. 25737128 7 55 theme load-bearing 1495:1506 arg1 material 1508:1515 a load-bearing material 1493:1515 a load-bearing material 1493:1515 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 6 56 theme calcium 1306:1312 arg1 concentration 1324:1336 the increasing calcium phosphate concentration 1291:1336 the increasing calcium phosphate concentration 1291:1336 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 2 57 theme chitosan 353:360 arg1 microspheres 412:423 chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres 353:423 chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres 353:423 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 4 58 from influence 706:714 arg1 study 841:845 preliminary study 829:845 preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 829:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 58 from influence 706:714 arg1 morphology 758:767 material morphology 749:767 material morphology 749:767 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 58 from influence 706:714 arg1 properties 781:790 mechanical properties 770:790 mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) 770:823 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 59 theme various 719:725 arg1 concentrations 731:744 various TCP concentrations 719:744 various TCP concentrations 719:744 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 0 60 theme physical 135:142 arg1 properties 159:168 physical and biological properties 135:168 physical and biological properties 135:168 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 4 61 theme materials 675:683 arg1 fabrication 634:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 61 theme materials 675:683 arg1 properties 657:666 essential properties 647:666 essential properties of the materials manufactured 647:696 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 61 theme materials 675:683 arg1 influence 706:714 the influence 702:714 the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 702:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 0 62 theme biological 148:157 arg1 properties 159:168 physical and biological properties 135:168 physical and biological properties 135:168 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 5 63 theme biomaterial 1141:1151 arg1 size 1158:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 inner biomaterial pore size 1135:1161 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 8 64 theme Pico 1738:1741 arg1 assay 1749:1753 Pico Green assay 1738:1753 Pico Green assay 1738:1753 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 5 65 theme obtained 968:975 arg1 materials 977:985 the obtained materials 964:985 the obtained materials 964:985 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 8 66 theme CH 1877:1878 arg1 biomaterial 1885:1895 CH only biomaterial 1877:1895 CH only biomaterial 1877:1895 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 5 67 theme size 1113:1116 arg1 distribution 1118:1129 size distribution 1113:1129 size distribution 1113:1129 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 7 68 theme granule-based 1434:1446 arg1 technology 1448:1457 granule-based technology 1434:1457 granule-based technology 1434:1457 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 6 69 theme inorganic 1247:1255 arg1 phase 1257:1261 the inorganic phase 1243:1261 the inorganic phase 1243:1261 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 4 70 theme concentrations 731:744 arg1 fabrication 634:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 scaffold fabrication 625:644 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 70 theme concentrations 731:744 arg1 properties 657:666 essential properties 647:666 essential properties of the materials manufactured 647:696 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 70 theme concentrations 731:744 arg1 influence 706:714 the influence 702:714 the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 702:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 71 from properties 657:666 arg1 study 841:845 preliminary study 829:845 preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 829:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 71 from properties 657:666 arg1 morphology 758:767 material morphology 749:767 material morphology 749:767 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 71 from properties 657:666 arg1 properties 781:790 mechanical properties 770:790 mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) 770:823 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 4 72 from study 841:845 arg1 interaction 854:864 the interaction 850:864 the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 850:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 7 73 theme MPa 1619:1621 arg1 range 1570:1574 the range 1566:1574 the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds 1566:1661 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 4 74 theme material 749:756 arg1 morphology 758:767 material morphology 749:767 material morphology 749:767 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 0 75 theme phosphate 104:112 arg1 content 114:120 tricalcium phosphate content 93:120 tricalcium phosphate content 93:120 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 5 76 theme phosphate 1030:1038 arg1 content 1040:1046 the calcium phosphate content 1018:1046 the calcium phosphate content 1018:1046 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 8 77 theme highest 1973:1979 arg1 concentration 1999:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1969:2011 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 0 78 theme microsphere-based 23:39 arg1 scaffold 41:48 composite microsphere-based scaffold 13:48 composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering 13:76 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 7 79 theme mechanical 1357:1366 arg1 properties 1368:1377 mechanical properties 1357:1377 mechanical properties 1357:1377 The evaluation of mechanical properties has revealed that scaffolds produced with the usage of granule-based technology display a potential to be used as a load-bearing material since the Young's modulus values were limited to the range of 200-500 MPa for dry materials and 15-20 MPa for the hydrated state of the scaffolds. 25737128 2 80 theme engineering 495:505 arg1 application 507:517 bone tissue engineering application 483:517 bone tissue engineering application 483:517 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 8 81 theme material 1949:1956 arg1 surface 1934:1940 the surface 1930:1940 the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration 1930:2011 The cell number, identified in three time points (48 h, 7 and 14 days) by Pico Green assay, was lower for the materials enriched with inorganic phase (75 % of control), however cell distribution, when compared to CH only biomaterial, was acknowledged as steadier on the surface of the material containing the highest calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 0 82 theme tissue 59:64 arg1 engineering 66:76 bone tissue engineering 54:76 bone tissue engineering 54:76 Chitosan and composite microsphere-based scaffold for bone tissue engineering: evaluation of tricalcium phosphate content influence on physical and biological properties. 25737128 5 83 theme granule 1089:1095 arg1 microstructure 1097:1110 the granule microstructure 1085:1110 the granule microstructure 1085:1110 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 2 84 theme bone 483:486 arg1 engineering 495:505 bone tissue engineering 483:505 bone tissue engineering application 483:517 The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. 25737128 1 85 theme high-compression-resistant 236:261 arg1 preparation 291:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 In the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. 25737128 5 86 theme particular 1061:1070 arg1 influence 1072:1080 a particular influence 1059:1080 a particular influence 1059:1080 The properties of the obtained materials were significantly affected by the calcium phosphate content, which had a particular influence on the granule microstructure, size distribution and inner biomaterial pore size. 25737128 6 87 theme uptake 1174:1179 arg1 lower 1205:1209 lower 1205:1209 lower 1205:1209 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 6 87 theme uptake 1174:1179 arg1 ability 1181:1187 The water uptake ability 1164:1187 The water uptake ability 1164:1187 The water uptake ability was found to be lower for the materials enriched with the inorganic phase and tended to decrease with the increasing calcium phosphate concentration. 25737128 3 88 theme deacetylation 558:570 arg1 chitosan 579:586 high deacetylation degree chitosan 553:586 high deacetylation degree chitosan 553:586 The materials were prepared from high deacetylation degree chitosan. 25737128 4 89 from morphology 758:767 arg1 interaction 854:864 the interaction 850:864 the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells 850:943 The authors describe the method for scaffold fabrication, essential properties of the materials manufactured and the influence of various TCP concentrations on material morphology, mechanical properties (for dry and hydrated materials) and preliminary study on the interaction between CH or CH/TCP scaffolds and within cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. 25737128 1 90 theme bone 277:280 arg1 preparation 291:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation 236:301 In the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. 28296150 7 0 theme groups 1152:1157 arg1 ethers 1130:1135 aryl ethers 1125:1135 aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin 1125:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 8 1 theme hydrogen 1365:1372 arg1 performance 1374:1384 the hydrogen performance 1361:1384 the hydrogen performance 1361:1384 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 1 2 theme communities 276:286 arg1 diversity 253:261 diversity 253:261 diversity 253:261 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 1 2 theme communities 276:286 arg1 structure 239:247 structure 239:247 structure 239:247 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 7 3 dep acetogen 1103:1110 arg1 Syntrophococcus 1083:1097 Syntrophococcus 1083:1097 Syntrophococcus 1083:1097 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 7 4 from components 1175:1184 arg1 ethers 1130:1135 aryl ethers 1125:1135 aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin 1125:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 8 5 theme including 1248:1256 arg1 Firmicutes 1258:1267 primarily including Firmicutes 1238:1267 primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members 1238:1294 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 7 6 theme constituent 1140:1150 arg1 groups 1152:1157 constituent groups 1140:1157 constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin 1140:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 9 7 theme untreated 1522:1530 arg1 straw 1538:1542 untreated wheat straw 1522:1542 untreated wheat straw 1522:1542 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 6 8 theme Enterococcus 1023:1034 arg1 members 1012:1018 38% members 1008:1018 38% members of Enterococcus 1008:1034 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 0 9 theme microbial 112:120 arg1 communities 122:132 hydrogen-producing microbial communities 93:132 hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw 93:154 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 6 10 theme hydrogen 940:947 arg1 producers 949:957 hydrogen producers 940:957 hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 940:1000 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 4 11 theme deeper 781:786 arg1 layers 788:793 degraded deeper layers 772:793 degraded deeper layers 772:793 Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. 28296150 2 12 with consortia 362:370 arg1 history 387:393 different history 377:393 different history 377:393 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 0 13 theme hydrogen-producing 93:110 arg1 communities 122:132 hydrogen-producing microbial communities 93:132 hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw 93:154 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 4 14 theme degraded 772:779 arg1 layers 788:793 degraded deeper layers 772:793 degraded deeper layers 772:793 Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. 28296150 2 15 dep native 396:401 arg1 NWS 419:421 NWS 419:421 NWS 419:421 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 1 16 theme lignocellulosic 301:315 arg1 biomasses 317:325 lignocellulosic biomasses 301:325 lignocellulosic biomasses 301:325 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 2 17 theme hydrogen 511:518 arg1 performance 520:530 hydrogen performance 511:530 hydrogen performance 511:530 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 8 18 with Bacteroidetes 1301:1313 arg1 members 1338:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 8 18 with Bacteroidetes 1301:1313 arg1 members 1288:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 7 19 theme aryl 1125:1128 arg1 ethers 1130:1135 aryl ethers 1125:1135 aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin 1125:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 8 20 theme non-H2 1320:1325 arg1 members 1338:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 10 21 contain have 1585:1588 arg1 communities 1573:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously. 28296150 10 21 contain have 1585:1588 arg2 potential 1594:1602 the potential to refine cellulose fibers 1590:1629 the potential to refine cellulose fibers 1590:1629 Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously. 28296150 9 22 theme NWS 1479:1481 arg1 adaptation 1465:1474 adaptation 1465:1474 adaptation of NWS 1465:1481 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 8 23 theme H2 1274:1275 arg1 members 1288:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 0 24 theme communities 122:132 arg1 structure 80:88 community structure 70:88 community structure 70:88 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 0 24 theme communities 122:132 arg1 performance 54:64 performance 54:64 performance 54:64 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 9 25 theme wheat 1532:1536 arg1 straw 1538:1542 untreated wheat straw 1522:1542 untreated wheat straw 1522:1542 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 1 26 theme ecological 194:203 arg1 interest 205:212 ecological interest 194:212 ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels 194:345 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 10 27 theme straw 1567:1571 arg1 communities 1573:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously. 28296150 1 28 theme interest 205:212 arg1 question 182:189 the question 178:189 the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels 178:345 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 6 29 theme % 1010:1010 arg1 members 1012:1018 38% members 1008:1018 38% members of Enterococcus 1008:1034 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 6 30 theme phyla 966:970 arg1 producers 949:957 hydrogen producers 940:957 hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 940:1000 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 2 31 theme microbial 352:360 arg1 consortia 362:370 Two microbial consortia 348:370 Two microbial consortia 348:370 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 8 32 theme -producing 1277:1286 arg1 members 1288:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 5 33 theme bacterial 839:847 arg1 composition 849:859 The bacterial composition 835:859 The bacterial composition 835:859 The bacterial composition markedly differed according to the inocula origin. 28296150 6 34 theme 38 1008:1009 arg1 % 1010:1010 % 1010:1010 % 1010:1010 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 2 35 theme microbial 562:570 arg1 diversity 572:580 microbial diversity 562:580 microbial diversity 562:580 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 9 36 theme adaptation 1465:1474 arg1 history 1454:1460 the history 1450:1460 the history of adaptation of NWS 1450:1481 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 9 37 theme hydrogen 1496:1503 arg1 performance 1505:1515 the hydrogen performance 1492:1515 the hydrogen performance 1492:1515 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 0 38 theme adaptation 11:20 arg1 History 0:6 History 0:6 History of adaptation 0:20 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 0 39 theme wheat 144:148 arg1 straw 150:154 wheat straw 144:154 wheat straw 144:154 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 2 40 theme methanogenic 435:446 arg1 MD 458:459 MD 458:459 MD 458:459 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 2 40 theme methanogenic 435:446 arg1 digester 448:455 a methanogenic digester 433:455 a methanogenic digester (MD) 433:460 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 7 41 from ethers 1130:1135 arg1 components 1175:1184 the aromatic components 1162:1184 the aromatic components of lignin 1162:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 2 42 theme disintegration 543:556 arg1 terms 502:506 terms 502:506 terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity 502:580 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 6 43 dep phyla 966:970 arg1 phyla 966:970 the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 962:1000 the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 962:1000 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 6 43 dep phyla 966:970 arg1 Proteobacteria 987:1000 Proteobacteria 987:1000 Proteobacteria 987:1000 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 6 43 dep phyla 966:970 arg1 Firmicutes 972:981 Firmicutes 972:981 Firmicutes 972:981 NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. 28296150 3 44 theme production 613:622 arg1 rate 624:627 the hydrogen production rate 600:627 the hydrogen production rate of MD 600:633 NWS outperformed the hydrogen production rate of MD. 28296150 0 45 theme short-term 33:42 arg1 shifts 44:49 short-term shifts 33:49 short-term shifts 33:49 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 2 46 theme substrate 533:541 arg1 disintegration 543:556 substrate disintegration 533:556 substrate disintegration 533:556 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 7 47 theme lignin 1189:1194 arg1 components 1175:1184 the aromatic components 1162:1184 the aromatic components of lignin 1162:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 8 48 with phyla 1231:1235 arg1 members 1338:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 8 48 with phyla 1231:1235 arg1 members 1288:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 1 49 theme structure 239:247 arg1 determination 222:234 the determination 218:234 the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels 218:345 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 2 50 theme cow 471:473 arg1 manure 475:480 cow manure 471:480 cow manure 471:480 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 10 51 theme cellulose 1614:1622 arg1 fibers 1624:1629 cellulose fibers 1614:1629 cellulose fibers 1614:1629 Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously. 28296150 10 52 theme wheat 1561:1565 arg1 communities 1573:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously. 28296150 8 53 theme -producing 1327:1336 arg1 members 1338:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 7 54 theme aromatic 1166:1173 arg1 components 1175:1184 the aromatic components 1162:1184 the aromatic components of lignin 1162:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 7 55 from groups 1152:1157 arg1 components 1175:1184 the aromatic components 1162:1184 the aromatic components of lignin 1162:1194 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 10 56 theme native 1554:1559 arg1 communities 1573:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 native wheat straw communities 1554:1583 Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously. 28296150 3 57 theme hydrogen 604:611 arg1 rate 624:627 the hydrogen production rate 600:627 the hydrogen production rate of MD 600:633 NWS outperformed the hydrogen production rate of MD. 28296150 4 58 theme cellulose 720:728 arg1 strands 730:736 cellulose strands 720:736 cellulose strands 720:736 Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. 28296150 3 59 theme MD 632:633 arg1 rate 624:627 the hydrogen production rate 600:627 the hydrogen production rate of MD 600:633 NWS outperformed the hydrogen production rate of MD. 28296150 4 60 dep cuticle 686:692 arg1 the 682:684 the 682:684 the 682:684 Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. 28296150 7 61 theme hydrogen 1043:1050 arg1 fermentation 1052:1063 hydrogen fermentation 1043:1063 hydrogen fermentation 1043:1063 After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. 28296150 2 62 theme different 377:385 arg1 history 387:393 different history 377:393 different history 377:393 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 9 63 theme study 1416:1420 arg1 results 1400:1406 the results 1396:1406 the results of this study 1396:1420 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 2 64 theme diversity 572:580 arg1 terms 502:506 terms 502:506 terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity 502:580 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 4 65 theme high 743:746 arg1 crystallinity 748:760 high crystallinity 743:760 high crystallinity 743:760 Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. 28296150 8 66 with Firmicutes 1258:1267 arg1 members 1338:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 non-H2 -producing members 1320:1344 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 8 66 with Firmicutes 1258:1267 arg1 members 1288:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 H2 -producing members 1274:1294 Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2 -producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non-H2 -producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. 28296150 1 67 theme diversity 253:261 arg1 determination 222:234 the determination 218:234 the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels 218:345 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 0 68 theme community 70:78 arg1 structure 80:88 community structure 70:88 community structure 70:88 History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. 28296150 2 69 theme straw 412:416 arg1 native 396:401 native 396:401 native 396:401 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 5 70 theme inocula 896:902 arg1 origin 904:909 the inocula origin 892:909 the inocula origin 892:909 The bacterial composition markedly differed according to the inocula origin. 28296150 4 71 theme Microscopic 636:646 arg1 images 648:653 Microscopic images 636:653 Microscopic images 636:653 Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. 28296150 9 72 theme clear 1430:1434 arg1 evidence 1436:1443 clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw 1430:1542 clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw 1430:1542 Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. 28296150 1 73 theme microbial 266:274 arg1 communities 276:286 microbial communities 266:286 microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels 266:345 This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. 28296150 2 74 theme wheat 406:410 arg1 straw 412:416 wheat straw 406:416 wheat straw 406:416 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 28296150 2 75 theme performance 520:530 arg1 terms 502:506 terms 502:506 terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity 502:580 Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. 23038649 8 0 theme cells 1233:1237 arg1 attachment 1206:1215 attachment 1206:1215 attachment 1206:1215 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 8 0 theme cells 1233:1237 arg1 vitality 1221:1228 vitality 1221:1228 vitality 1221:1228 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 7 1 theme polydopamine 1136:1147 arg1 incorporation 1119:1131 the incorporation 1115:1131 the incorporation of polydopamine (PDA) 1115:1153 In addition, mineralizability and stiffness of GG was enhanced by the incorporation of polydopamine (PDA). 23038649 3 2 theme bone 489:492 arg1 TE 494:495 bone TE 489:495 bone TE 489:495 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 8 3 theme gels 1291:1294 arg1 cytocompatibility 1254:1270 cytocompatibility 1254:1270 cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels 1254:1294 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 4 4 theme von 856:858 arg1 staining 866:873 von Kossa staining 856:873 von Kossa staining 856:873 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 4 5 from formation 732:740 arg1 scale 784:788 the submicron scale 770:788 the submicron scale 770:788 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 3 6 with mineralization 662:675 arg1 CaP 701:703 CaP 701:703 CaP 701:703 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 3 6 with mineralization 662:675 arg1 phosphate 690:698 calcium phosphate 682:698 calcium phosphate (CaP) 682:704 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 5 7 theme Increasing 876:885 arg1 concentration 891:903 Increasing ALP concentration 876:903 Increasing ALP concentration 876:903 Increasing ALP concentration increased amounts of CaP as well as stiffness. 23038649 8 8 theme enhanced 1197:1204 arg1 attachment 1206:1215 attachment 1206:1215 attachment 1206:1215 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 3 9 theme alkaline 498:505 arg1 ALP 520:522 ALP 520:522 ALP 520:522 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 3 9 theme alkaline 498:505 arg1 phosphatase 507:517 alkaline phosphatase 498:517 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 498:523 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 3 9 theme alkaline 498:505 arg1 enzyme 529:534 an enzyme 526:534 an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate 526:614 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 2 10 theme calcium-crosslinkable 372:392 arg1 gum 347:349 gellan gum 340:349 gellan gum (GG) 340:354 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 2 10 theme calcium-crosslinkable 372:392 arg1 polysaccharide 394:407 an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide 357:407 an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide 357:407 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 4 11 theme Kossa 860:864 arg1 staining 866:873 von Kossa staining 856:873 von Kossa staining 856:873 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 0 12 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 mineralization 10:23 Enzymatic mineralization 0:23 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 0:124 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 23038649 1 13 theme bone 173:176 arg1 scaffolds 202:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds 173:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 173:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 7 14 theme GG 1096:1097 arg1 mineralizability 1062:1077 mineralizability 1062:1077 mineralizability 1062:1077 In addition, mineralizability and stiffness of GG was enhanced by the incorporation of polydopamine (PDA). 23038649 7 14 theme GG 1096:1097 arg1 stiffness 1083:1091 stiffness 1083:1091 stiffness 1083:1091 In addition, mineralizability and stiffness of GG was enhanced by the incorporation of polydopamine (PDA). 23038649 3 15 theme calcium 682:688 arg1 CaP 701:703 CaP 701:703 CaP 701:703 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 3 15 theme calcium 682:688 arg1 phosphate 690:698 calcium phosphate 682:698 calcium phosphate (CaP) 682:704 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 8 16 theme mineralized 1279:1289 arg1 gels 1291:1294 the mineralized gels 1275:1294 the mineralized gels 1275:1294 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 1 17 theme tissue-engineering 178:195 arg1 scaffolds 202:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds 173:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 173:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 2 18 theme cartilage 431:439 arg1 TE 441:442 cartilage TE 431:442 cartilage TE 431:442 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 1 19 theme incorporation 264:276 arg1 ease 256:259 ease 256:259 ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 256:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 1 19 theme incorporation 264:276 arg1 injectability 238:250 injectability 238:250 injectability 238:250 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 0 20 theme gellan 28:33 arg1 hydrogel 39:46 gellan gum hydrogel 28:46 gellan gum hydrogel 28:46 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 23038649 8 21 theme used 1339:1342 arg1 materials 1360:1368 the most commonly used bone substitute materials 1321:1368 the most commonly used bone substitute materials 1321:1368 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 8 22 theme materials 1360:1368 arg1 one 1314:1316 one 1314:1316 one 1314:1316 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 8 22 theme materials 1360:1368 arg1 materials 1360:1368 the most commonly used bone substitute materials 1321:1368 the most commonly used bone substitute materials 1321:1368 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 4 23 theme Incorporated 707:718 arg1 ALP 720:722 Incorporated ALP 707:722 Incorporated ALP 707:722 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 1 24 theme TE 198:199 arg1 scaffolds 202:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds 173:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 173:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 1 25 theme active 281:286 arg1 substances 288:297 active substances 281:297 active substances such as enzymes 281:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 1 25 theme active 281:286 arg1 enzymes 307:313 enzymes 307:313 enzymes 307:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 5 26 theme ALP 887:889 arg1 concentration 891:903 Increasing ALP concentration 876:903 Increasing ALP concentration 876:903 Increasing ALP concentration increased amounts of CaP as well as stiffness. 23038649 1 27 theme hydrogels 160:168 arg1 use 153:155 the use 149:155 the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 149:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 3 28 theme GG 456:457 arg1 suitability 459:469 GG suitability 456:469 GG suitability 456:469 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 3 28 theme GG 456:457 arg1 material 476:483 a material 474:483 a material for bone TE 474:495 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 0 29 theme hydrogel 39:46 arg1 mineralization 10:23 Enzymatic mineralization 0:23 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 0:124 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 23038649 1 30 theme substances 288:297 arg1 incorporation 264:276 incorporation 264:276 incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 264:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 8 31 theme bone 1344:1347 arg1 materials 1360:1368 the most commonly used bone substitute materials 1321:1368 the most commonly used bone substitute materials 1321:1368 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 6 32 theme Mineralized 952:962 arg1 GG 964:965 Mineralized GG 952:965 Mineralized GG 952:965 Mineralized GG was able to withstand sterilization by autoclaving, although stiffness decreased. 23038649 0 33 theme gum 35:37 arg1 hydrogel 39:46 gellan gum hydrogel 28:46 gellan gum hydrogel 28:46 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 23038649 4 34 theme submicron 774:782 arg1 scale 784:788 the submicron scale 770:788 the submicron scale 770:788 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 1 35 theme due 212:214 arg1 scaffolds 202:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds 173:210 bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes 173:313 Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue-engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. 23038649 0 36 theme bone 52:55 arg1 applications 76:87 bone tissue-engineering applications 52:87 bone tissue-engineering applications 52:87 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 23038649 8 37 dep materials 1360:1368 arg1 substitute 1349:1358 substitute 1349:1358 substitute 1349:1358 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 3 38 theme organic 598:604 arg1 phosphate 606:614 organic phosphate 598:614 organic phosphate 598:614 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 4 39 theme GG 797:798 arg1 gels 800:803 GG gels 797:803 GG gels 797:803 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 2 40 theme gellan 340:345 arg1 GG 352:353 GG 352:353 GG 352:353 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 2 40 theme gellan 340:345 arg1 polysaccharide 394:407 an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide 357:407 an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide 357:407 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 2 40 theme gellan 340:345 arg1 gum 347:349 gellan gum 340:349 gellan gum (GG) 340:354 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 9 41 with functionalization 1460:1476 arg1 PDA 1483:1485 PDA 1483:1485 PDA 1483:1485 The results proved that ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG could be enhanced by functionalization with PDA. 23038649 9 42 theme ALP-mediated 1395:1406 arg1 mineralization 1418:1431 ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization 1395:1431 ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG 1395:1437 The results proved that ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG could be enhanced by functionalization with PDA. 23038649 9 43 theme enzymatic 1408:1416 arg1 mineralization 1418:1431 ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization 1395:1431 ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG 1395:1437 The results proved that ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG could be enhanced by functionalization with PDA. 23038649 3 44 theme GG 639:640 arg1 hydrogels 642:650 GG hydrogels 639:650 GG hydrogels 639:650 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 4 45 theme material 758:765 arg1 formation 732:740 formation 732:740 formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale 732:788 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 4 46 theme apatite-like 745:756 arg1 material 758:765 apatite-like material 745:765 apatite-like material 745:765 Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite-like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP-OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. 23038649 8 47 theme GG 1187:1188 arg1 mineralization 1169:1182 mineralization 1169:1182 mineralization of GG 1169:1188 Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. 23038649 3 48 theme bone 566:569 arg1 mineralization 548:561 mineralization 548:561 mineralization of bone 548:569 To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). 23038649 9 49 theme GG 1436:1437 arg1 mineralization 1418:1431 ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization 1395:1431 ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG 1395:1437 The results proved that ALP-mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG could be enhanced by functionalization with PDA. 23038649 2 50 theme inexpensive 360:370 arg1 gum 347:349 gellan gum 340:349 gellan gum (GG) 340:354 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 2 50 theme inexpensive 360:370 arg1 polysaccharide 394:407 an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide 357:407 an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide 357:407 Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. 23038649 0 51 theme tissue-engineering 57:74 arg1 applications 76:87 bone tissue-engineering applications 52:87 bone tissue-engineering applications 52:87 Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. 23038649 5 52 theme CaP 926:928 arg1 CaP 926:928 CaP 926:928 CaP 926:928 Increasing ALP concentration increased amounts of CaP as well as stiffness. 23038649 5 52 theme CaP 926:928 arg1 amounts 915:921 amounts 915:921 amounts of CaP as well as stiffness 915:949 Increasing ALP concentration increased amounts of CaP as well as stiffness. 23038649 5 52 theme CaP 926:928 arg1 stiffness 941:949 stiffness 941:949 amounts of CaP as well as stiffness 915:949 Increasing ALP concentration increased amounts of CaP as well as stiffness. 28365482 4 0 theme fibrinogen 617:626 arg1 components 603:612 cell-adhesive components 589:612 cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA) 589:659 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 10 1 theme AG+HA+FGN 1370:1378 arg1 microbeads 1380:1389 AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1370:1389 AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1370:1389 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 7 2 gly homogeneity 968:978 arg1 distribution 983:994 distribution 983:994 distribution of FGN within the matrix 983:1019 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 7 2 gly homogeneity 968:978 arg1 microbeads 941:950 microbeads 941:950 microbeads 941:950 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 1 3 theme tissue 202:207 arg1 necrosis 209:216 potential tissue necrosis 192:216 potential tissue necrosis 192:216 Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. 28365482 6 4 theme HA 899:900 arg1 addition 879:886 the addition 875:886 the addition of FGN and HA 875:900 Microbeads were generally 80-100µm in diameter, and the size increased with the addition of FGN and HA. 28365482 12 5 theme matrix 1779:1784 arg1 vascularization 1748:1762 distributed vascularization 1736:1762 distributed vascularization of an external matrix 1736:1784 These results demonstrate that AG+HA+FGN microbeads support HUVEC sprouting both within and between adjacent microbeads, and can promote distributed vascularization of an external matrix. 28365482 12 6 theme AG+HA+FGN 1630:1638 arg1 microbeads 1640:1649 AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1630:1649 AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1630:1649 These results demonstrate that AG+HA+FGN microbeads support HUVEC sprouting both within and between adjacent microbeads, and can promote distributed vascularization of an external matrix. 28365482 18 7 theme endothelial 2484:2494 arg1 sprouting 2496:2504 endothelial sprouting 2484:2504 endothelial sprouting 2484:2504 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 19 8 theme disease 2793:2799 arg1 treatment 2771:2779 the treatment 2767:2779 the treatment of ischemic disease 2767:2799 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 16 9 theme small 2171:2175 arg1 microbeads 2228:2237 small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 2171:2237 small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts 2171:2286 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 13 10 theme microvascular 1887:1899 arg1 network 1901:1907 a microvascular network 1885:1907 a microvascular network 1885:1907 Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. 28365482 9 11 from hydrogels 1122:1130 arg1 embedded 1103:1110 embedded 1103:1110 embedded 1103:1110 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 2 12 theme damaged 264:270 arg1 microvasculature 272:287 the damaged microvasculature 260:287 the damaged microvasculature 260:287 Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to repair the damaged microvasculature directly to restore blood flow. 28365482 14 13 theme ischemia 1950:1957 arg1 STATEMENT 1910:1918 STATEMENT 1910:1918 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) 1910:1963 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 14 13 theme ischemia 1950:1957 arg1 disease 1978:1984 a chronic disease 1968:1984 a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death 1968:2040 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 4 14 theme microbead 500:508 arg1 matrix 510:515 The microbead matrix 496:515 The microbead matrix 496:515 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 10 15 from fibrin 1305:1310 arg1 Pre-culture 1228:1238 Pre-culture 1228:1238 Pre-culture 1228:1238 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 5 16 theme vein 719:722 arg1 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 5 16 theme vein 719:722 arg1 cells 736:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 703:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 703:748 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 13 17 theme modular 1792:1798 arg1 microtissues 1800:1811 Such modular microtissues 1787:1811 Such modular microtissues 1787:1811 Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. 28365482 5 18 theme umbilical 709:717 arg1 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 5 18 theme umbilical 709:717 arg1 cells 736:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 703:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 703:748 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 14 19 theme Critical 1936:1943 arg1 CLI 1960:1962 CLI 1960:1962 CLI 1960:1962 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 14 19 theme Critical 1936:1943 arg1 ischemia 1950:1957 SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia 1923:1957 SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) 1923:1963 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 18 20 theme microbead 2445:2453 arg1 matrix 2455:2460 the microbead matrix 2441:2460 the microbead matrix 2441:2460 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 11 21 theme endothelial 1510:1520 arg1 formation 1530:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 5 22 theme endothelial 724:734 arg1 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 5 22 theme endothelial 724:734 arg1 cells 736:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 703:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 703:748 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 1 23 theme disrupted 163:171 arg1 healing 179:185 disrupted wound healing 163:185 disrupted wound healing 163:185 Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. 28365482 12 24 theme external 1770:1777 arg1 matrix 1779:1784 an external matrix 1767:1784 an external matrix 1767:1784 These results demonstrate that AG+HA+FGN microbeads support HUVEC sprouting both within and between adjacent microbeads, and can promote distributed vascularization of an external matrix. 28365482 11 25 theme even 1490:1493 arg1 formation 1530:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 19 26 theme matrix 2677:2682 arg1 formulation 2684:2694 the matrix formulation 2673:2694 the matrix formulation 2673:2694 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 3 27 theme modular 349:355 arg1 constructs 370:379 modular, micro-scale constructs 349:379 modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation 349:493 In this study, we developed modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation. 28365482 18 28 theme distributed 2579:2589 arg1 sprouting 2591:2599 more distributed sprouting 2574:2599 more distributed sprouting 2574:2599 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 19 29 dep microbead 2641:2649 arg1 format 2651:2656 format 2651:2656 format 2651:2656 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 8 30 theme Cell 1022:1025 arg1 viability 1027:1035 Cell viability 1022:1035 Cell viability 1022:1035 Cell viability was high in all microbead types. 28365482 12 31 theme distributed 1736:1746 arg1 vascularization 1748:1762 distributed vascularization 1736:1762 distributed vascularization of an external matrix 1736:1784 These results demonstrate that AG+HA+FGN microbeads support HUVEC sprouting both within and between adjacent microbeads, and can promote distributed vascularization of an external matrix. 28365482 10 32 theme additional 1261:1270 arg1 days 1278:1281 an additional seven days 1258:1281 an additional seven days prior to embedding 1258:1300 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 5 33 theme fibroblasts 754:764 arg1 co-culture 689:698 a co-culture 687:698 a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts 687:764 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 9 34 dep HUVEC 1133:1137 arg1 HUVEC 1133:1137 HUVEC sprouting and inosculation 1133:1164 HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads 1133:1195 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 9 34 dep HUVEC 1133:1137 arg1 inosculation 1153:1164 inosculation 1153:1164 inosculation 1153:1164 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 9 34 dep HUVEC 1133:1137 arg1 sprouting 1139:1147 sprouting 1139:1147 sprouting 1139:1147 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 18 35 theme pure 2613:2616 arg1 microbeads 2625:2634 pure fibrin microbeads 2613:2634 pure fibrin microbeads 2613:2634 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 11 36 theme composite 1452:1460 arg1 microbeads 1462:1471 composite microbeads 1452:1471 composite microbeads 1452:1471 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 3 37 theme microvasculature 468:483 arg1 formation 485:493 microvasculature formation 468:493 microvasculature formation 468:493 In this study, we developed modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation. 28365482 17 38 theme endothelial 2337:2347 arg1 sprouts 2349:2355 endothelial sprouts 2337:2355 endothelial sprouts 2337:2355 Microbeads were easy to handle and culture, and endothelial sprouts formed within and between microbeads. 28365482 8 39 theme microbead 1053:1061 arg1 types 1063:1067 all microbead types 1049:1067 all microbead types 1049:1067 Cell viability was high in all microbead types. 28365482 15 40 theme blood 2094:2098 arg1 flow 2100:2103 blood flow 2094:2103 blood flow 2094:2103 Cell-based therapies are being explored to restore blood flow and prevent the complications of CLI. 28365482 10 41 from length 1360:1365 arg1 microbeads 1380:1389 AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1370:1389 AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1370:1389 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 3 42 theme handling 408:415 arg1 qualities 417:425 robust handling qualities 401:425 robust handling qualities 401:425 In this study, we developed modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation. 28365482 3 43 dep modular 349:355 arg1 micro-scale 358:368 micro-scale 358:368 micro-scale 358:368 In this study, we developed modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation. 28365482 4 44 theme cell-adhesive 589:601 arg1 components 603:612 cell-adhesive components 589:612 cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA) 589:659 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 15 45 theme Cell-based 2043:2052 arg1 therapies 2054:2062 Cell-based therapies 2043:2062 Cell-based therapies 2043:2062 Cell-based therapies are being explored to restore blood flow and prevent the complications of CLI. 28365482 9 46 theme fibrin 1115:1120 arg1 hydrogels 1122:1130 fibrin hydrogels 1115:1130 fibrin hydrogels 1115:1130 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 0 47 theme agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen 40:72 arg1 microbeads 74:83 modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 32:83 modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 32:83 Distributed vasculogenesis from modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads. 28365482 16 48 dep small 2171:2175 arg1 non-aggregating 2178:2192 non-aggregating 2178:2192 non-aggregating 2178:2192 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 18 49 theme fibrinogen 2551:2560 arg1 addition 2520:2527 the addition 2516:2527 the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen 2516:2560 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 14 50 theme tissue 2003:2008 arg1 necrosis 2010:2017 tissue necrosis 2003:2017 tissue necrosis 2003:2017 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 18 51 theme hydroxyapatite 2532:2545 arg1 addition 2520:2527 the addition 2516:2527 the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen 2516:2560 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 10 52 theme HUVEC 1346:1350 arg1 length 1360:1365 significantly greater HUVEC network length 1324:1365 significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1324:1389 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 16 53 theme endothelial 2254:2264 arg1 cells 2266:2270 endothelial cells 2254:2270 endothelial cells 2254:2270 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 2 54 theme Therapeutic 219:229 arg1 angiogenesis 231:242 Therapeutic angiogenesis 219:242 Therapeutic angiogenesis 219:242 Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to repair the damaged microvasculature directly to restore blood flow. 28365482 14 55 theme chronic 1970:1976 arg1 STATEMENT 1910:1918 STATEMENT 1910:1918 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) 1910:1963 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 14 55 theme chronic 1970:1976 arg1 disease 1978:1984 a chronic disease 1968:1984 a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death 1968:2040 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 1 56 theme Critical 86:93 arg1 ischemia 100:107 Critical limb ischemia 86:107 Critical limb ischemia 86:107 Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. 28365482 16 57 contain contained 2244:2252 arg1 microbeads 2228:2237 small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 2171:2237 small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts 2171:2286 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 16 57 contain contained 2244:2252 arg2 fibroblasts 2276:2286 fibroblasts 2276:2286 fibroblasts 2276:2286 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 16 57 contain contained 2244:2252 arg2 cells 2266:2270 endothelial cells 2254:2270 endothelial cells 2254:2270 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 4 58 theme hydroxyapatite 641:654 arg1 components 603:612 cell-adhesive components 589:612 cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA) 589:659 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 9 59 theme neighboring 1174:1184 arg1 microbeads 1186:1195 neighboring microbeads 1174:1195 neighboring microbeads 1174:1195 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 13 60 theme ischemic 1842:1849 arg1 tissue 1851:1856 ischemic tissue 1842:1856 ischemic tissue 1842:1856 Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. 28365482 11 61 theme control 1553:1559 arg1 microbeads 1561:1570 control microbeads 1553:1570 control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin 1553:1596 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 1 62 theme potential 192:200 arg1 necrosis 209:216 potential tissue necrosis 192:216 potential tissue necrosis 192:216 Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. 28365482 18 63 theme matrix 2455:2460 arg1 composition 2426:2436 the composition 2422:2436 the composition of the microbead matrix 2422:2460 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 10 64 theme AG+FGN 1420:1425 arg1 microbeads 1427:1436 AG+FGN microbeads 1420:1436 AG+FGN microbeads 1420:1436 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 8 65 from high 1041:1044 arg1 types 1063:1067 all microbead types 1049:1067 all microbead types 1049:1067 Cell viability was high in all microbead types. 28365482 18 66 theme sprouting 2496:2504 arg1 degree 2474:2479 the degree 2470:2479 the degree of endothelial sprouting 2470:2504 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 5 67 theme cells 736:740 arg1 co-culture 689:698 a co-culture 687:698 a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts 687:764 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 11 68 theme pure 1586:1589 arg1 fibrin 1591:1596 pure fibrin 1586:1596 pure fibrin 1586:1596 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 16 69 theme agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen 2194:2226 arg1 microbeads 2228:2237 small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 2171:2237 small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts 2171:2286 In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 28365482 8 70 from types 1063:1067 arg1 high 1041:1044 high 1041:1044 high 1041:1044 Cell viability was high in all microbead types. 28365482 13 71 theme Such 1787:1790 arg1 microtissues 1800:1811 Such modular microtissues 1787:1811 Such modular microtissues 1787:1811 Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. 28365482 5 72 theme human 703:707 arg1 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 HUVEC 743:747 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 5 72 theme human 703:707 arg1 cells 736:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 703:740 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 703:748 Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. 28365482 14 73 theme limb 1945:1948 arg1 CLI 1960:1962 CLI 1960:1962 CLI 1960:1962 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 14 73 theme limb 1945:1948 arg1 ischemia 1950:1957 SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia 1923:1957 SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) 1923:1963 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 11 74 theme widespread 1499:1508 arg1 formation 1530:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 10 75 from Pre-culture 1228:1238 arg1 fibrin 1305:1310 fibrin 1305:1310 fibrin 1305:1310 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 2 76 theme blood 309:313 arg1 flow 315:318 blood flow 309:318 blood flow 309:318 Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to repair the damaged microvasculature directly to restore blood flow. 28365482 14 77 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1923:1934 arg1 CLI 1960:1962 CLI 1960:1962 CLI 1960:1962 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 14 77 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1923:1934 arg1 ischemia 1950:1957 SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia 1923:1957 SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) 1923:1963 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. 28365482 19 78 theme revascularization 2734:2750 arg1 strategies 2752:2761 revascularization strategies 2734:2761 revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease 2734:2799 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 10 79 theme microbeads 1243:1252 arg1 Pre-culture 1228:1238 Pre-culture 1228:1238 Pre-culture 1228:1238 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 7 80 theme FGN 999:1001 arg1 distribution 983:994 distribution 983:994 distribution of FGN within the matrix 983:1019 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 1 81 theme wound 173:177 arg1 healing 179:185 disrupted wound healing 163:185 disrupted wound healing 163:185 Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. 28365482 4 82 theme AG 542:543 arg1 base 546:549 an agarose (AG) base 530:549 an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation 530:572 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 18 83 theme fibrin 2618:2623 arg1 microbeads 2625:2634 pure fibrin microbeads 2613:2634 pure fibrin microbeads 2613:2634 Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. 28365482 10 84 theme prior 1283:1287 arg1 days 1278:1281 an additional seven days 1258:1281 an additional seven days prior to embedding 1258:1300 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 19 85 theme formulation 2684:2694 arg1 useful 2713:2718 useful 2713:2718 useful 2713:2718 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 19 85 theme formulation 2684:2694 arg1 microbead 2641:2649 The microbead format and control 2637:2668 microbead 2641:2649 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 19 85 theme formulation 2684:2694 arg1 control 2662:2668 control 2662:2668 control 2662:2668 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 7 86 theme distribution 983:994 arg1 homogeneity 968:978 the homogeneity 964:978 the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix 964:1019 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 7 86 theme distribution 983:994 arg1 yield 932:936 the yield 928:936 the yield of microbeads 928:950 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 11 87 theme network 1522:1528 arg1 formation 1530:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 more even and widespread endothelial network formation 1485:1538 Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. 28365482 1 88 theme limb 95:98 arg1 ischemia 100:107 Critical limb ischemia 86:107 Critical limb ischemia 86:107 Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. 28365482 3 89 theme robust 401:406 arg1 qualities 417:425 robust handling qualities 401:425 robust handling qualities 401:425 In this study, we developed modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation. 28365482 13 90 contain have 1817:1820 arg2 utility 1822:1828 utility 1822:1828 utility 1822:1828 Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. 28365482 13 90 contain have 1817:1820 arg1 microtissues 1800:1811 Such modular microtissues 1787:1811 Such modular microtissues 1787:1811 Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. 28365482 12 91 theme adjacent 1699:1706 arg1 microbeads 1708:1717 adjacent microbeads 1699:1717 adjacent microbeads 1699:1717 These results demonstrate that AG+HA+FGN microbeads support HUVEC sprouting both within and between adjacent microbeads, and can promote distributed vascularization of an external matrix. 28365482 4 92 theme agarose 533:539 arg1 base 546:549 an agarose (AG) base 530:549 an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation 530:572 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 9 93 theme cell-seeded 1075:1085 arg1 microbeads 1087:1096 cell-seeded microbeads 1075:1096 cell-seeded microbeads 1075:1096 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 10 94 theme greater 1338:1344 arg1 length 1360:1365 significantly greater HUVEC network length 1324:1365 significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1324:1389 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 0 95 theme modular 32:38 arg1 microbeads 74:83 modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 32:83 modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads 32:83 Distributed vasculogenesis from modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads. 28365482 7 96 theme microbeads 941:950 arg1 homogeneity 968:978 the homogeneity 964:978 the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix 964:1019 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 7 96 theme microbeads 941:950 arg1 yield 932:936 the yield 928:936 the yield of microbeads 928:950 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 28365482 4 97 dep consisted 517:525 arg1 combined 575:582 combined 575:582 combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA) 575:659 The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). 28365482 6 98 theme FGN 891:893 arg1 addition 879:886 the addition 875:886 the addition of FGN and HA 875:900 Microbeads were generally 80-100µm in diameter, and the size increased with the addition of FGN and HA. 28365482 19 99 theme ischemic 2784:2791 arg1 disease 2793:2799 ischemic disease 2784:2799 ischemic disease 2784:2799 The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease. 28365482 9 100 from embedded 1103:1110 arg1 hydrogels 1122:1130 fibrin hydrogels 1115:1130 fibrin hydrogels 1115:1130 When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. 28365482 10 101 theme network 1352:1358 arg1 length 1360:1365 significantly greater HUVEC network length 1324:1365 significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads 1324:1389 Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. 28365482 15 102 theme CLI 2138:2140 arg1 complications 2121:2133 the complications 2117:2133 the complications of CLI 2117:2140 Cell-based therapies are being explored to restore blood flow and prevent the complications of CLI. 28365482 7 103 theme HA 915:916 arg1 Addition 903:910 Addition 903:910 Addition of HA 903:916 Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. 26741400 4 0 theme relative 730:737 arg1 transmittance 750:762 relative high light transmittance 730:762 relative high light transmittance 730:762 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 5 1 from strength 891:898 arg1 state 909:913 humid state 903:913 humid state 903:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 1 2 theme protein 224:230 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 2 theme protein 224:230 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 9 3 theme biomedical 1419:1428 arg1 field 1430:1434 the biomedical field 1415:1434 the biomedical field 1415:1434 Hence, EHSF films might have a great potential for use in the biomedical field. 26741400 0 4 theme Biodegradable 109:121 arg1 Implants 123:130 Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants 91:130 Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering 91:153 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 7 5 theme biocompatibility 1155:1170 arg1 effect 1210:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 26741400 1 6 theme isolate 232:238 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 6 theme isolate 232:238 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 7 7 theme good 1150:1153 arg1 effect 1210:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 26741400 0 8 theme Tissue 136:141 arg1 Engineering 143:153 Tissue Engineering 136:153 Tissue Engineering 136:153 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 4 9 theme EHSF 683:686 arg1 films 688:692 The EHSF films 679:692 The EHSF films 679:692 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 1 10 theme soy 316:318 arg1 isolate 328:334 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate 283:334 isolate 328:334 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 11 theme solution 393:400 arg1 casting 402:408 solution casting 393:408 solution casting 393:408 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 4 12 theme certain 788:794 arg1 degree 796:801 a certain degree 786:801 a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI 786:836 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 3 13 theme cross-linking 563:575 arg1 interactions 577:588 cross-linking interactions 563:588 cross-linking interactions 563:588 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 1 14 theme protein 320:326 arg1 isolate 328:334 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate 283:334 isolate 328:334 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 5 15 theme water 933:937 arg1 ratio 946:950 an adjustable water uptake ratio 919:950 an adjustable water uptake ratio 919:950 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 0 16 link Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked 0:27 arg1 Composite 72:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 4 17 theme miscibility 806:816 arg1 degree 796:801 a certain degree 786:801 a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI 786:836 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 1 18 theme composite 240:248 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 18 theme composite 240:248 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 2 19 theme mechanical 516:525 arg1 testing 527:533 mechanical testing 516:533 mechanical testing 516:533 The films were characterized with FTIR, solid-state (13)C NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. 26741400 6 20 dep in 1071:1072 arg1 vitro 1074:1078 vitro 1074:1078 vitro 1074:1078 Cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and biodegradability were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. 26741400 7 21 theme EHSF 1135:1138 arg1 films 1140:1144 the EHSF films 1131:1144 the EHSF films 1131:1144 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 26741400 5 22 from ratio 946:950 arg1 state 909:913 humid state 903:913 humid state 903:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 6 23 dep in 1084:1085 arg1 vivo 1087:1090 vivo 1087:1090 vivo 1087:1090 Cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and biodegradability were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. 26741400 8 24 theme degradation 1290:1300 arg1 rate 1302:1305 the degradation rate 1286:1305 the degradation rate 1286:1305 Furthermore, EHSF films could be degraded in vitro and in vivo, and the degradation rate could be controlled by adjusting the SPI content. 26741400 1 25 theme films 250:254 arg1 series 158:163 A series 156:163 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 156:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 0 26 theme Hydroxyethyl 29:40 arg1 Composite 72:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 2 27 theme UV-vis 491:496 arg1 spectroscopy 498:509 UV-vis spectroscopy 491:509 UV-vis spectroscopy 491:509 The films were characterized with FTIR, solid-state (13)C NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. 26741400 5 28 theme moisture 956:963 arg1 ratio 976:980 moisture absorption ratio 956:980 moisture absorption ratio 956:980 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 6 29 theme in 1071:1072 arg1 experiments 1092:1102 in vitro and in vivo experiments 1071:1102 in vitro and in vivo experiments 1071:1102 Cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and biodegradability were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. 26741400 0 30 theme Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked 0:27 arg1 Composite 72:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 5 31 theme mechanical 880:889 arg1 strength 891:898 a relative high mechanical strength 864:898 a relative high mechanical strength in humid state 864:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 5 32 theme absorption 965:974 arg1 ratio 976:980 moisture absorption ratio 956:980 moisture absorption ratio 956:980 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 5 33 theme humid 903:907 arg1 state 909:913 humid state 903:913 humid state 903:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 0 34 theme Protein 56:62 arg1 Composite 72:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 3 35 dep inter- 606:611 arg1 the 602:604 the 602:604 the 602:604 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 8 36 theme SPI 1344:1346 arg1 content 1348:1354 the SPI content 1340:1354 the SPI content 1340:1354 Furthermore, EHSF films could be degraded in vitro and in vivo, and the degradation rate could be controlled by adjusting the SPI content. 26741400 0 37 theme Cellulose/Soy 42:54 arg1 Composite 72:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 5 38 theme adjustable 922:931 arg1 ratio 946:950 an adjustable water uptake ratio 919:950 an adjustable water uptake ratio 919:950 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 6 39 theme in 1084:1085 arg1 experiments 1092:1102 in vitro and in vivo experiments 1071:1102 in vitro and in vivo experiments 1071:1102 Cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and biodegradability were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. 26741400 5 40 theme uptake 939:944 arg1 ratio 946:950 an adjustable water uptake ratio 919:950 an adjustable water uptake ratio 919:950 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 8 41 theme EHSF 1231:1234 arg1 films 1236:1240 EHSF films 1231:1240 EHSF films 1231:1240 Furthermore, EHSF films could be degraded in vitro and in vivo, and the degradation rate could be controlled by adjusting the SPI content. 26741400 6 42 theme experiments 1092:1102 arg1 series 1061:1066 a series 1059:1066 a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments 1059:1102 Cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and biodegradability were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. 26741400 5 43 theme relative 866:873 arg1 strength 891:898 a relative high mechanical strength 864:898 a relative high mechanical strength in humid state 864:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 0 44 theme Isolate 64:70 arg1 Composite 72:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite 0:80 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 2 45 theme solid-state 468:478 arg1 NMR 486:488 solid-state (13)C NMR 468:488 solid-state (13)C NMR 468:488 The films were characterized with FTIR, solid-state (13)C NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. 26741400 5 46 theme EHSF 843:846 arg1 films 848:852 The EHSF films 839:852 The EHSF films 839:852 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 2 47 theme C 484:484 arg1 NMR 486:488 solid-state (13)C NMR 468:488 solid-state (13)C NMR 468:488 The films were characterized with FTIR, solid-state (13)C NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. 26741400 3 48 theme fabrication 658:668 arg1 process 670:676 the fabrication process 654:676 the fabrication process 654:676 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 4 49 theme light 744:748 arg1 transmittance 750:762 relative high light transmittance 730:762 relative high light transmittance 730:762 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 7 50 theme hemocompatibility 1173:1189 arg1 effect 1210:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 26741400 1 51 link epichlorohydrin-cross-linked 168:195 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 51 link epichlorohydrin-cross-linked 168:195 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 4 52 theme high 739:742 arg1 transmittance 750:762 relative high light transmittance 730:762 relative high light transmittance 730:762 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 5 53 from ratio 976:980 arg1 state 909:913 humid state 903:913 humid state 903:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 7 54 theme anticoagulant 1196:1208 arg1 effect 1210:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 26741400 3 55 theme SPI 643:645 arg1 intramolecules 617:630 intramolecules 617:630 intramolecules 617:630 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 3 55 theme SPI 643:645 arg1 inter- 606:611 inter- 606:611 inter- 606:611 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 4 56 theme homogeneous 704:714 arg1 structure 716:724 homogeneous structure 704:724 homogeneous structure 704:724 The EHSF films exhibited homogeneous structure and relative high light transmittance, indicating there was a certain degree of miscibility between HEC and SPI. 26741400 9 57 theme great 1388:1392 arg1 potential 1394:1402 a great potential 1386:1402 a great potential for use 1386:1410 Hence, EHSF films might have a great potential for use in the biomedical field. 26741400 1 58 theme hydroxyethyl 283:294 arg1 SPI 337:339 SPI 337:339 SPI 337:339 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 58 theme hydroxyethyl 283:294 arg1 HEC 307:309 HEC 307:309 HEC 307:309 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 58 theme hydroxyethyl 283:294 arg1 cellulose 296:304 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate 283:334 cellulose 296:304 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 59 theme epichlorohydrin-cross-linked 168:195 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 59 theme epichlorohydrin-cross-linked 168:195 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 5 60 theme high 875:878 arg1 strength 891:898 a relative high mechanical strength 864:898 a relative high mechanical strength in humid state 864:913 The EHSF films exhibited a relative high mechanical strength in humid state and an adjustable water uptake ratio and moisture absorption ratio. 26741400 3 61 theme HEC 635:637 arg1 intramolecules 617:630 intramolecules 617:630 intramolecules 617:630 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 3 61 theme HEC 635:637 arg1 inter- 606:611 inter- 606:611 inter- 606:611 The results indicated that cross-linking interactions occurred in the inter- and intramolecules of HEC and SPI during the fabrication process. 26741400 9 62 contain have 1381:1384 arg2 potential 1394:1402 a great potential 1386:1402 a great potential for use 1386:1410 Hence, EHSF films might have a great potential for use in the biomedical field. 26741400 9 62 contain have 1381:1384 arg1 films 1369:1373 EHSF films 1364:1373 EHSF films 1364:1373 Hence, EHSF films might have a great potential for use in the biomedical field. 26741400 1 63 theme hydroxyethyl 197:208 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 63 theme hydroxyethyl 197:208 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 9 64 theme EHSF 1364:1367 arg1 films 1369:1373 EHSF films 1364:1373 EHSF films 1364:1373 Hence, EHSF films might have a great potential for use in the biomedical field. 26741400 0 65 theme Biocompatible 91:103 arg1 Implants 123:130 Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants 91:130 Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering 91:153 Epichlorohydrin-Cross-linked Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate Composite Films as Biocompatible and Biodegradable Implants for Tissue Engineering. 26741400 1 66 theme cellulose/soy 210:222 arg1 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 EHSF 257:260 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 1 66 theme cellulose/soy 210:222 arg1 films 250:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films 168:254 epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) 168:261 A series of epichlorohydrin-cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate composite films (EHSF) was fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) using a process involving blending, cross-linking, solution casting, and evaporation. 26741400 7 67 contain had 1146:1148 arg2 effect 1210:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect 1150:1215 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 26741400 7 67 contain had 1146:1148 arg1 films 1140:1144 the EHSF films 1131:1144 the EHSF films 1131:1144 These results showed that the EHSF films had good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anticoagulant effect. 27038291 4 0 theme microencapsulated 553:569 arg1 spheroids 607:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids 553:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) 553:661 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 1 1 theme various 185:191 arg1 capacities 193:202 various capacities 185:202 various capacities 185:202 Hepatocyte spheroids microencapsulated in hydrogels can contribute to liver research in various capacities. 27038291 7 2 theme endothelial 1147:1157 arg1 cells 1170:1174 endothelial progenitor cells 1147:1174 endothelial progenitor cells 1147:1174 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 4 3 theme heterotypic 584:594 arg1 spheroids 607:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids 553:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) 553:661 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 8 4 with technology 1402:1411 arg1 versatility 1430:1440 versatility 1430:1440 versatility 1430:1440 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 8 4 with technology 1402:1411 arg1 uniformity 1447:1456 uniformity 1447:1456 uniformity 1447:1456 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 8 4 with technology 1402:1411 arg1 yield 1423:1427 high yield 1418:1427 high yield 1418:1427 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 3 5 theme microfluidics 385:397 arg1 technology 399:408 a microfluidics technology 383:408 a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics 383:492 Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. 27038291 7 6 theme 5:1 1284:1286 arg1 ratio 1275:1279 an optimal ratio 1264:1279 an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen 1264:1357 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 5 7 theme microgel 718:725 arg1 tunable 730:736 tunable 730:736 tunable 730:736 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 5 7 theme microgel 718:725 arg1 composition 699:709 The composition 695:709 The composition of the microgel 695:725 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 7 8 theme composite 1241:1249 arg1 spheroids 1251:1259 composite spheroids 1241:1259 composite spheroids 1241:1259 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 2 9 theme extra 332:336 arg1 step 338:341 an extra step 329:341 an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel 329:374 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 4 10 dep spheroids 607:615 arg1 spheroids 632:640 all as single spheroids 618:640 all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter 618:660 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 8 11 theme high 1418:1421 arg1 yield 1423:1427 high yield 1418:1427 high yield 1418:1427 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 5 12 theme d 797:797 arg1 culture 799:805 24 d culture 794:805 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate 794:941 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 4 13 dep spheroids 632:640 arg1 μm 647:648 <200 μm 642:648 all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter 618:660 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 7 14 theme supporting 1193:1202 arg1 source 1209:1214 a novel supporting cell source 1185:1214 a novel supporting cell source 1185:1214 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 7 15 dep hepatocytes 1131:1141 arg1 used 1177:1180 used 1177:1180 used as a novel supporting cell source 1177:1214 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 0 16 theme Spheroids 62:70 arg1 Production 19:28 Efficient One-Step Production 0:28 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions 0:94 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 5 17 theme urea 827:830 arg1 secretion 832:840 urea secretion 827:840 urea secretion 827:840 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 1 18 theme Hepatocyte 97:106 arg1 spheroids 108:116 Hepatocyte spheroids 97:116 Hepatocyte spheroids microencapsulated in hydrogels 97:147 Hepatocyte spheroids microencapsulated in hydrogels can contribute to liver research in various capacities. 27038291 5 19 theme albumin 808:814 arg1 secretion 816:824 albumin secretion 808:824 albumin secretion 808:824 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 0 20 theme One-Step 10:17 arg1 Production 19:28 Efficient One-Step Production 0:28 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions 0:94 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 7 21 theme progenitor 1159:1168 arg1 cells 1170:1174 endothelial progenitor cells 1147:1174 endothelial progenitor cells 1147:1174 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 6 22 theme Hepatocyte 944:953 arg1 spheroids 955:963 Hepatocyte spheroids 944:963 Hepatocyte spheroids in alginate-collagen 944:984 Hepatocyte spheroids in alginate-collagen also perform better than hepatocytes cultured in collagen-sandwich configuration. 27038291 0 23 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 Production 19:28 Efficient One-Step Production 0:28 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions 0:94 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 4 24 theme single 625:630 arg1 spheroids 632:640 all as single spheroids 618:640 all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter 618:660 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 7 25 theme novel 1187:1191 arg1 source 1209:1214 a novel supporting cell source 1185:1214 a novel supporting cell source 1185:1214 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 2 26 theme loading 355:361 arg1 step 338:341 an extra step 329:341 an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel 329:374 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 3 27 theme spheroid 469:476 arg1 characteristics 478:492 the spheroid characteristics 465:492 the spheroid characteristics 465:492 Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. 27038291 5 28 theme P450 858:861 arg1 activity 863:870 cytochrome P450 activity 847:870 cytochrome P450 activity 847:870 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 8 29 theme tissue 1511:1516 arg1 engineering 1518:1528 liver tissue engineering 1505:1528 liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing 1505:1556 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 2 30 theme spheroid 346:353 arg1 loading 355:361 spheroid loading 346:361 spheroid loading into the gel 346:374 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 6 31 theme collagen-sandwich 1035:1051 arg1 configuration 1053:1065 collagen-sandwich configuration 1035:1065 collagen-sandwich configuration 1035:1065 Hepatocyte spheroids in alginate-collagen also perform better than hepatocytes cultured in collagen-sandwich configuration. 27038291 5 32 theme improved 757:764 arg1 functions 777:785 improved hepatocyte functions 757:785 improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate 757:941 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 8 33 theme enabling 1481:1488 arg1 technology 1402:1411 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology 1360:1411 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity 1360:1456 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 8 33 theme enabling 1481:1488 arg1 technology 1490:1499 an enabling technology 1478:1499 an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing 1478:1556 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 5 34 theme alginate-collagen 878:894 arg1 hydrogel 906:913 alginate-collagen composite hydrogel 878:913 alginate-collagen composite hydrogel 878:913 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 0 35 theme Hepatocyte 51:60 arg1 Spheroids 62:70 Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids 33:70 Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids 33:70 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 5 36 theme hepatocyte 766:775 arg1 functions 777:785 improved hepatocyte functions 757:785 improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate 757:941 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 2 37 theme conventional 209:220 arg1 approach 222:229 The conventional approach 205:229 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids 205:261 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 8 38 theme liver 1505:1509 arg1 engineering 1518:1528 liver tissue engineering 1505:1528 liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing 1505:1556 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 5 39 theme composite 896:904 arg1 hydrogel 906:913 alginate-collagen composite hydrogel 878:913 alginate-collagen composite hydrogel 878:913 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 0 40 theme Microencapsulated 33:49 arg1 Spheroids 62:70 Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids 33:70 Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids 33:70 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 8 41 theme formation 1392:1400 arg1 technology 1402:1411 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology 1360:1411 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity 1360:1456 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 8 41 theme formation 1392:1400 arg1 technology 1490:1499 an enabling technology 1478:1499 an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing 1478:1556 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 4 42 from μm 647:648 arg1 diameter 653:660 diameter 653:660 diameter 653:660 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 3 43 theme spheroid 432:439 arg1 loading 441:447 spheroid loading 432:447 spheroid loading 432:447 Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. 27038291 4 44 theme hepatocyte 596:605 arg1 spheroids 607:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids 553:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) 553:661 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 4 45 used used 536:539 arg2 droplets 523:530 Double-emulsion droplets 507:530 Double-emulsion droplets 507:530 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 4 46 theme Double-emulsion 507:521 arg1 droplets 523:530 Double-emulsion droplets 507:530 Double-emulsion droplets 507:530 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 2 47 theme variable 274:281 arg1 number 283:288 a variable number 272:288 a variable number of spheroids per microgel 272:314 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 0 48 with Production 19:28 arg1 Functions 86:94 Enhanced Functions 77:94 Enhanced Functions 77:94 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 3 49 theme loading 441:447 arg1 step 424:427 the step 420:427 the step of spheroid loading 420:447 Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. 27038291 5 50 dep culture 799:805 arg1 activity 863:870 cytochrome P450 activity 847:870 cytochrome P450 activity 847:870 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 5 50 dep culture 799:805 arg1 secretion 816:824 albumin secretion 808:824 albumin secretion 808:824 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 5 50 dep culture 799:805 arg1 secretion 832:840 urea secretion 827:840 urea secretion 827:840 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 7 51 theme cell 1204:1207 arg1 source 1209:1214 a novel supporting cell source 1185:1214 a novel supporting cell source 1185:1214 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 2 52 theme spheroids 253:261 arg1 approach 222:229 The conventional approach 205:229 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids 205:261 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 6 53 from spheroids 955:963 arg1 alginate-collagen 968:984 alginate-collagen 968:984 alginate-collagen 968:984 Hepatocyte spheroids in alginate-collagen also perform better than hepatocytes cultured in collagen-sandwich configuration. 27038291 4 54 from functions 677:685 arg1 h 692:692 4 h 690:692 4 h 690:692 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 5 55 used used 918:921 arg2 hydrogel 906:913 alginate-collagen composite hydrogel 878:913 alginate-collagen composite hydrogel 878:913 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27038291 4 56 theme enhanced 668:675 arg1 functions 677:685 enhanced functions 668:685 enhanced functions in 4 h 668:692 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 3 57 dep technology 399:408 arg1 bypassing 410:418 bypassing 410:418 bypassing the step of spheroid loading 410:447 Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. 27038291 3 57 dep technology 399:408 arg1 controlling 453:463 controlling 453:463 controlling the spheroid characteristics 453:492 Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. 27038291 2 58 theme microencapsulating 234:251 arg1 spheroids 253:261 microencapsulating spheroids 234:261 microencapsulating spheroids 234:261 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 7 59 theme optimal 1267:1273 arg1 ratio 1275:1279 an optimal ratio 1264:1279 an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen 1264:1357 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 7 60 theme hepatocyte 1078:1087 arg1 functions 1089:1097 hepatocyte functions 1078:1097 hepatocyte functions 1078:1097 Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. 27038291 1 61 theme liver 167:171 arg1 research 173:180 liver research 167:180 liver research 167:180 Hepatocyte spheroids microencapsulated in hydrogels can contribute to liver research in various capacities. 27038291 8 62 theme microencapsulated-spheroid 1365:1390 arg1 technology 1402:1411 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology 1360:1411 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity 1360:1456 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 8 62 theme microencapsulated-spheroid 1365:1390 arg1 technology 1490:1499 an enabling technology 1478:1499 an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing 1478:1556 This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing. 27038291 0 63 theme Enhanced 77:84 arg1 Functions 86:94 Enhanced Functions 77:94 Enhanced Functions 77:94 Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. 27038291 4 64 theme homotypic 571:579 arg1 spheroids 607:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids 553:615 microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) 553:661 Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. 27038291 2 65 theme spheroids 293:301 arg1 number 283:288 a variable number 272:288 a variable number of spheroids per microgel 272:314 The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. 27038291 5 66 theme cytochrome 847:856 arg1 P450 858:861 cytochrome P450 847:861 cytochrome P450 activity 847:870 The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. 27608906 0 0 theme breath 90:95 arg1 test 97:100 lactulose breath test 80:100 lactulose breath test 80:100 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high methane production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 11 1 theme ratio 1500:1504 arg1 p=0.046 1510:1516 p=0.046 1510:1516 p=0.046 1510:1516 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 11 1 theme ratio 1500:1504 arg1 >1 1506:1507 a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 1485:1507 a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046) 1485:1517 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 12 2 theme methane 1627:1633 arg1 production 1635:1644 methane production 1627:1644 methane production 1627:1644 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 12 3 dep H. 1603:1604 arg1 pylori 1606:1611 H. pylori 1603:1611 H. pylori infection 1603:1621 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 6 4 theme independent 933:943 arg1 samples 945:951 independent samples 933:951 independent samples 933:951 Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and independent samples Mann-Whitney test. 27608906 0 5 theme lactulose 80:88 arg1 test 97:100 lactulose breath test 80:100 lactulose breath test 80:100 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high methane production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 2 6 theme gas 336:338 arg1 production 340:349 gas production 336:349 gas production 336:349 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and gas production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 3 7 from conditions 510:519 arg1 unit 531:534 our GI unit 524:534 our GI unit 524:534 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 10 8 located observed 1284:1291 arg1 patients 1330:1337 infected rather than non-infected patients 1296:1337 infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02) 1296:1374 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 10 8 located observed 1284:1291 arg2 production 1269:1278 A greater methane production 1251:1278 A greater methane production 1251:1278 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 7 9 dep RESULTS 972:978 arg1 analyzed 1042:1049 analyzed 1042:1049 were analyzed 1037:1049 RESULTS Data of 136 patients during a period of time of 3 months were analyzed. 27608906 9 10 theme small 1170:1174 arg1 regards 1128:1134 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 10 theme small 1170:1174 arg1 overgrowth 1197:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 7 11 theme months 1030:1035 arg1 time 1020:1023 time 1020:1023 time of 3 months 1020:1035 RESULTS Data of 136 patients during a period of time of 3 months were analyzed. 27608906 4 12 theme GI 567:568 arg1 bloating 599:606 bloating 599:606 bloating 599:606 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 4 12 theme GI 567:568 arg1 pain/discomfort 619:633 abdominal pain/discomfort 609:633 abdominal pain/discomfort 609:633 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 4 12 theme GI 567:568 arg1 dyspepsia 588:596 dyspepsia 588:596 dyspepsia 588:596 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 4 12 theme GI 567:568 arg1 pain 651:654 epigastric pain 640:654 epigastric pain 640:654 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 4 12 theme GI 567:568 arg1 symptoms 570:577 GI symptoms 567:577 GI symptoms 567:577 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 9 13 theme intestinal 1176:1185 arg1 regards 1128:1134 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 13 theme intestinal 1176:1185 arg1 overgrowth 1197:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 3 14 dep MATERIALS 381:389 arg1 Data 403:406 Data 403:406 Data 403:406 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 12 15 dep CONCLUSIONS 1520:1530 arg1 shows 1543:1547 shows 1543:1547 shows 1543:1547 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 6 16 theme exact 918:922 arg1 test 924:927 Fisher's exact test 909:927 Fisher's exact test 909:927 Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and independent samples Mann-Whitney test. 27608906 9 17 theme bacterial 1187:1195 arg1 regards 1128:1134 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 17 theme bacterial 1187:1195 arg1 overgrowth 1197:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 5 18 theme trapezoidal 784:794 arg1 rule 796:799 the trapezoidal rule 780:799 the trapezoidal rule 780:799 H2 and CH4 were calculated using the trapezoidal rule; a considerable CH4 production was defined by AUCCH4 ≥1200 ppm*4h. 27608906 2 19 theme study 266:270 arg1 aim 254:256 The aim 250:256 The aim of this study 250:270 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and gas production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 3 20 theme patients 411:418 arg1 METHODS 395:401 METHODS 395:401 METHODS 395:401 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 3 20 theme patients 411:418 arg1 MATERIALS 381:389 MATERIALS 381:389 MATERIALS 381:389 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 5 21 theme AUCCH4 847:852 arg1 ≥1200 854:858 AUCCH4 ≥1200 847:858 AUCCH4 ≥1200 847:858 H2 and CH4 were calculated using the trapezoidal rule; a considerable CH4 production was defined by AUCCH4 ≥1200 ppm*4h. 27608906 10 22 dep patients 1330:1337 arg1 p=0.02 1368:1373 p=0.02 1368:1373 p=0.02 1368:1373 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 10 22 dep patients 1330:1337 arg1 % 1344:1344 47.2% 1340:1344 47.2% 1340:1344 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 10 22 dep patients 1330:1337 arg1 % 1352:1352 26% 1350:1352 26% 1350:1352 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 3 23 theme standard 501:508 arg1 conditions 510:519 standard conditions 501:519 standard conditions in our GI unit 501:534 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 4 24 from pain/discomfort 619:633 arg1 scale 675:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 3 25 theme 13C-urea 436:443 arg1 test 452:455 13C-urea breath test 436:455 13C-urea breath test (UBT) 436:461 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 3 25 theme 13C-urea 436:443 arg1 UBT 458:460 UBT 458:460 UBT 458:460 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 0 26 theme pylori 13:18 arg1 infection 20:28 Helicobacter pylori infection 0:28 Helicobacter pylori infection 0:28 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high methane production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 8 27 theme positive 1081:1088 arg1 UBT 1090:1092 a positive UBT 1079:1092 a positive UBT 1079:1092 36 patients (26.5%) showed a positive UBT. 27608906 10 28 theme non-infected 1317:1328 arg1 patients 1330:1337 infected rather than non-infected patients 1296:1337 infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02) 1296:1374 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 13 29 theme Further 1717:1723 arg1 studies 1725:1731 Further studies 1717:1731 Further studies 1717:1731 Further studies are needed to clarify mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. 27608906 1 30 theme gastric 183:189 arg1 microbiota 191:200 gastric microbiota 183:200 gastric microbiota 183:200 OBJECTIVE Despite a growing interest toward the interplay between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, few data are available about this correlation. 27608906 0 31 theme Helicobacter 0:11 arg1 infection 20:28 Helicobacter pylori infection 0:28 Helicobacter pylori infection 0:28 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high methane production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 9 32 theme HP 1216:1217 arg1 patients 1241:1248 HP negative and positive patients 1216:1248 HP negative and positive patients 1216:1248 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 7 33 theme time 1020:1023 arg1 period 1010:1015 a period 1008:1015 a period of time of 3 months 1008:1035 RESULTS Data of 136 patients during a period of time of 3 months were analyzed. 27608906 10 34 theme infected 1296:1303 arg1 patients 1330:1337 infected rather than non-infected patients 1296:1337 infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02) 1296:1374 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 1 35 dep H. 169:170 arg1 pylori 172:177 H. pylori 169:177 H. pylori 169:177 OBJECTIVE Despite a growing interest toward the interplay between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, few data are available about this correlation. 27608906 12 36 dep H. 1663:1664 arg1 pylori 1666:1671 H. pylori 1663:1671 H. pylori 1663:1671 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 2 37 theme breath 368:373 arg1 test 375:378 lactulose breath test 358:378 lactulose breath test 358:378 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and gas production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 9 38 theme negative 1219:1226 arg1 patients 1241:1248 HP negative and positive patients 1216:1248 HP negative and positive patients 1216:1248 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 10 39 theme methane 1261:1267 arg1 production 1269:1278 A greater methane production 1251:1278 A greater methane production 1251:1278 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 1 40 dep OBJECTIVE 103:111 arg1 available 216:224 available 216:224 available 216:224 OBJECTIVE Despite a growing interest toward the interplay between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, few data are available about this correlation. 27608906 2 41 dep H. 312:313 arg1 pylori 315:320 H. pylori 312:320 H. pylori infection 312:330 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and gas production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 12 42 theme microbiota 1693:1702 arg1 composition 1704:1714 gut microbiota composition 1689:1714 gut microbiota composition 1689:1714 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 3 43 theme GI 528:529 arg1 unit 531:534 our GI unit 524:534 our GI unit 524:534 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 1 44 theme few 203:205 arg1 data 207:210 few data 203:210 few data 203:210 OBJECTIVE Despite a growing interest toward the interplay between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, few data are available about this correlation. 27608906 4 45 from bloating 599:606 arg1 scale 675:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 3 46 theme breath 477:482 arg1 LBT 490:492 LBT 490:492 LBT 490:492 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 3 46 theme breath 477:482 arg1 test 484:487 lactulose breath test 467:487 lactulose breath test (LBT) 467:493 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 7 47 theme patients 992:999 arg1 Data 980:983 Data 980:983 Data of 136 patients during a period of time of 3 months 980:1035 RESULTS Data of 136 patients during a period of time of 3 months were analyzed. 27608906 4 48 from pain 651:654 arg1 scale 675:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 4 49 from dyspepsia 588:596 arg1 scale 675:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 3 50 theme breath 445:450 arg1 test 452:455 13C-urea breath test 436:455 13C-urea breath test (UBT) 436:461 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 3 50 theme breath 445:450 arg1 UBT 458:460 UBT 458:460 UBT 458:460 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 5 51 theme considerable 804:815 arg1 production 821:830 a considerable CH4 production 802:830 a considerable CH4 production 802:830 H2 and CH4 were calculated using the trapezoidal rule; a considerable CH4 production was defined by AUCCH4 ≥1200 ppm*4h. 27608906 5 52 theme CH4 817:819 arg1 production 821:830 a considerable CH4 production 802:830 a considerable CH4 production 802:830 H2 and CH4 were calculated using the trapezoidal rule; a considerable CH4 production was defined by AUCCH4 ≥1200 ppm*4h. 27608906 11 53 theme CH4 1452:1454 arg1 CH4 1452:1454 CH4 1452:1454 CH4 1452:1454 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 11 53 theme CH4 1452:1454 arg1 amounts 1441:1447 greater amounts 1433:1447 greater amounts of CH4 1433:1454 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 0 54 theme methane 54:60 arg1 production 62:71 high methane production 49:71 high methane production during lactulose breath test 49:100 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high methane production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 12 55 theme significant 1571:1581 arg1 time 1563:1566 the first time 1553:1566 the first time 1553:1566 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 12 55 theme significant 1571:1581 arg1 association 1583:1593 a significant association 1569:1593 a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production 1569:1644 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 12 56 theme H. 1603:1604 arg1 infection 1613:1621 H. pylori infection 1603:1621 H. pylori infection 1603:1621 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 3 57 theme lactulose 467:475 arg1 LBT 490:492 LBT 490:492 LBT 490:492 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 3 57 theme lactulose 467:475 arg1 test 484:487 lactulose breath test 467:487 lactulose breath test (LBT) 467:493 MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of patients undergoing both 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and lactulose breath test (LBT) under standard conditions in our GI unit were retrospectively analyzed. 27608906 0 58 theme high 49:52 arg1 production 62:71 high methane production 49:71 high methane production during lactulose breath test 49:100 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high methane production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 6 59 theme Statistical 868:878 arg1 analyses 880:887 Statistical analyses 868:887 Statistical analyses 868:887 Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and independent samples Mann-Whitney test. 27608906 11 60 theme AUCCH4/AUCH2 1487:1498 arg1 p=0.046 1510:1516 p=0.046 1510:1516 p=0.046 1510:1516 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 11 60 theme AUCCH4/AUCH2 1487:1498 arg1 >1 1506:1507 a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 1485:1507 a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046) 1485:1517 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 1 61 theme growing 123:129 arg1 interest 131:138 a growing interest 121:138 a growing interest toward the interplay between H. pylori and gastric microbiota 121:200 OBJECTIVE Despite a growing interest toward the interplay between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, few data are available about this correlation. 27608906 11 62 theme greater 1433:1439 arg1 CH4 1452:1454 CH4 1452:1454 CH4 1452:1454 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 11 62 theme greater 1433:1439 arg1 amounts 1441:1447 greater amounts 1433:1447 greater amounts of CH4 1433:1454 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 11 63 theme non-infected 1411:1422 arg1 % 1392:1392 25% 1390:1392 25% infected and 10% non-infected 1390:1422 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 12 64 theme gut 1689:1691 arg1 composition 1704:1714 gut microbiota composition 1689:1714 gut microbiota composition 1689:1714 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 9 65 theme positive 1232:1239 arg1 patients 1241:1248 HP negative and positive patients 1216:1248 HP negative and positive patients 1216:1248 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 5 66 theme * 863:863 arg1 4h 864:865 *4h 863:865 *4h 863:865 H2 and CH4 were calculated using the trapezoidal rule; a considerable CH4 production was defined by AUCCH4 ≥1200 ppm*4h. 27608906 9 67 dep regards 1128:1134 arg1 regards 1128:1134 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 67 dep regards 1128:1134 arg1 sex 1141:1143 sex 1141:1143 sex 1141:1143 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 67 dep regards 1128:1134 arg1 complaints 1154:1163 symptom complaints 1146:1163 symptom complaints 1146:1163 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 67 dep regards 1128:1134 arg1 age 1136:1138 age 1136:1138 age 1136:1138 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 67 dep regards 1128:1134 arg1 overgrowth 1197:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1170:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 4 68 theme tests 740:744 arg1 results 723:729 the results 719:729 the results of those tests 719:744 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 10 69 theme greater 1253:1259 arg1 production 1269:1278 A greater methane production 1251:1278 A greater methane production 1251:1278 A greater methane production was observed in infected rather than non-infected patients (47.2% vs. 26% respectively, p=0.02). 27608906 2 70 theme H. 312:313 arg1 infection 322:330 H. pylori infection 312:330 H. pylori infection 312:330 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and gas production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 12 71 theme first 1557:1561 arg1 time 1563:1566 the first time 1553:1566 the first time 1553:1566 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 12 71 theme first 1557:1561 arg1 association 1583:1593 a significant association 1569:1593 a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production 1569:1644 CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time, a significant association between H. pylori infection and methane production, suggesting that H. pylori might influence gut microbiota composition. 27608906 11 72 theme infected 1394:1401 arg1 % 1392:1392 25% 1390:1392 25% infected and 10% non-infected 1390:1422 Furthermore, 25% infected and 10% non-infected produced greater amounts of CH4 compared to H2, resulting in a AUCCH4/AUCH2 ratio >1 (p=0.046). 27608906 9 73 theme symptom 1146:1152 arg1 regards 1128:1134 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 1128:1206 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 9 73 theme symptom 1146:1152 arg1 complaints 1154:1163 symptom complaints 1146:1163 symptom complaints 1146:1163 We do not find any difference as regards age, sex, symptom complaints, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between HP negative and positive patients. 27608906 2 74 theme lactulose 358:366 arg1 test 375:378 lactulose breath test 358:378 lactulose breath test 358:378 The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and gas production during lactulose breath test. 27608906 4 75 theme abdominal 609:617 arg1 pain/discomfort 619:633 abdominal pain/discomfort 609:633 abdominal pain/discomfort 609:633 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 6 76 theme Mann-Whitney 953:964 arg1 test 966:969 Mann-Whitney test 953:969 Mann-Whitney test 953:969 Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and independent samples Mann-Whitney test. 27608906 6 77 dep test 924:927 arg1 test 966:969 Mann-Whitney test 953:969 Mann-Whitney test 953:969 Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and independent samples Mann-Whitney test. 27608906 4 78 theme epigastric 640:649 arg1 pain 651:654 epigastric pain 640:654 epigastric pain 640:654 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 27608906 4 79 theme eleven-point 662:673 arg1 scale 675:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 an eleven-point scale 659:679 GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, and epigastric pain on an eleven-point scale were also analyzed and correlate with the results of those tests. 28551019 0 0 theme dual 97:100 arg1 additives 109:117 dual chiral additives 97:117 dual chiral additives 97:117 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 4 1 theme modes 896:900 arg1 effect 854:859 the cooperativity effect 836:859 the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes 836:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 3 2 theme enantiomers 520:530 arg1 separation 506:515 the separation 502:515 the separation of enantiomers 502:530 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 3 theme Cu2+-d-phenylalanine 696:715 arg1 selectors 652:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 3 theme Cu2+-d-phenylalanine 696:715 arg1 complex 725:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 4 4 theme discrimination 881:894 arg1 modes 896:900 different chiral discrimination modes 864:900 different chiral discrimination modes 864:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 1 5 theme manufactory 268:278 arg1 process 257:263 the process 253:263 the process of manufactory 253:278 Because of the bioactivity against the human topoisomerase II, the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin should be controlled in the process of manufactory. 28551019 7 6 theme 20mmol/L 1475:1482 arg1 γ-CD 1484:1487 20mmol/L γ-CD 1475:1487 20mmol/L γ-CD 1475:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 4 7 theme inclusion 903:911 arg1 γ-CD 927:930 γ-CD 927:930 γ-CD 927:930 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 4 7 theme inclusion 903:911 arg1 complexation 913:924 inclusion complexation 903:924 inclusion complexation (γ-CD) 903:931 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 6 8 theme surface 1231:1237 arg1 RSM 1252:1254 RSM 1252:1254 RSM 1252:1254 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 6 8 theme surface 1231:1237 arg1 methodology 1239:1249 the response surface methodology 1218:1249 the response surface methodology (RSM) 1218:1255 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 6 9 theme multiple 1135:1142 arg1 factors 1144:1150 multiple factors 1135:1150 multiple factors 1135:1150 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 0 10 theme chiral 102:107 arg1 additives 109:117 dual chiral additives 97:117 dual chiral additives 97:117 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 7 11 theme 20mmol/L 1456:1463 arg1 CuSO4 1465:1469 20mmol/L CuSO4 1456:1469 20mmol/L CuSO4 1456:1469 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 12 theme 15mmol/L 1440:1447 arg1 D-Phe 1449:1453 15mmol/L D-Phe 1440:1453 15mmol/L D-Phe 1440:1453 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 0 13 with electrophoresis 76:90 arg1 additives 109:117 dual chiral additives 97:117 dual chiral additives 97:117 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 5 14 theme Cu2+ 995:998 arg1 concentrations 971:984 The concentrations 967:984 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe 967:1008 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe were found to be critical to the separation. 28551019 5 14 theme Cu2+ 995:998 arg1 critical 1027:1034 critical 1027:1034 critical 1027:1034 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe were found to be critical to the separation. 28551019 2 15 theme present 288:294 arg1 work 296:299 the present work 284:299 the present work 284:299 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 7 16 theme obtained 1314:1321 arg1 conditions 1344:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions 1310:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions 1310:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 6 17 theme chiral 1067:1072 arg1 selectors 1074:1082 two chiral selectors 1063:1082 two chiral selectors 1063:1082 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 6 18 theme composite 1285:1293 arg1 FCCD 1303:1306 FCCD 1303:1306 FCCD 1303:1306 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 6 18 theme composite 1285:1293 arg1 design 1295:1300 central composite design 1277:1300 central composite design (FCCD) 1277:1307 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 4 19 theme chiral 874:879 arg1 modes 896:900 different chiral discrimination modes 864:900 different chiral discrimination modes 864:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 4 20 theme selectors 764:772 arg1 indispensable 777:789 indispensable 777:789 indispensable 777:789 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 4 20 theme selectors 764:772 arg1 combination 738:748 The combination 734:748 The combination of two chiral selectors 734:772 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 1 21 theme stereoisomeric 187:200 arg1 impurities 202:211 the stereoisomeric impurities 183:211 the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 183:227 Because of the bioactivity against the human topoisomerase II, the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin should be controlled in the process of manufactory. 28551019 4 22 theme different 864:872 arg1 modes 896:900 different chiral discrimination modes 864:900 different chiral discrimination modes 864:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 2 23 theme electrophoresis 314:328 arg1 method 335:340 a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method 302:340 a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method 302:340 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 2 24 theme simultaneous 374:385 arg1 determination 387:399 simultaneous determination 374:399 simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 374:450 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 0 25 theme stereoisomeric 21:34 arg1 impurities 36:45 the stereoisomeric impurities 17:45 the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 17:61 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 7 26 theme separation 1333:1342 arg1 conditions 1344:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions 1310:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions 1310:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 4 27 theme ligand 937:942 arg1 Cu2+-d-Phe 954:963 Cu2+-d-Phe 954:963 Cu2+-d-Phe 954:963 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 4 27 theme ligand 937:942 arg1 exchange 944:951 ligand exchange 937:951 ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe) 937:964 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 6 28 theme central 1277:1283 arg1 FCCD 1303:1306 FCCD 1303:1306 FCCD 1303:1306 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 6 28 theme central 1277:1283 arg1 design 1295:1300 central composite design 1277:1300 central composite design (FCCD) 1277:1307 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 2 29 theme capillary 304:312 arg1 CE 331:332 CE 331:332 CE 331:332 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 2 29 theme capillary 304:312 arg1 electrophoresis 314:328 capillary electrophoresis 304:328 a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method 302:340 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 7 30 theme 15mmol/L 1372:1379 arg1 pH 1421:1422 pH 4.5 1421:1426 pH 4.5 1421:1426 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 30 theme 15mmol/L 1372:1379 arg1 solution 1411:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution 1372:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD 1372:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 2 31 theme sitafloxacin 439:450 arg1 impurities 425:434 three stereoisomeric impurities 404:434 three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 404:450 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 5 32 theme γ-CD 989:992 arg1 concentrations 971:984 The concentrations 967:984 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe 967:1008 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe were found to be critical to the separation. 28551019 5 32 theme γ-CD 989:992 arg1 critical 1027:1034 critical 1027:1034 critical 1027:1034 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe were found to be critical to the separation. 28551019 4 33 theme chiral 757:762 arg1 selectors 764:772 two chiral selectors 753:772 two chiral selectors 753:772 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 1 34 theme sitafloxacin 216:227 arg1 impurities 202:211 the stereoisomeric impurities 183:211 the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 183:227 Because of the bioactivity against the human topoisomerase II, the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin should be controlled in the process of manufactory. 28551019 8 35 theme method 1571:1576 arg1 robustness 1553:1562 the robustness 1549:1562 the robustness of the method 1549:1576 The method was then validated and the robustness of the method was tested. 28551019 9 36 theme sitafloxacin 1672:1683 arg1 impurities 1658:1667 as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities 1622:1667 as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 1622:1683 Under the optimized conditions, as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin can be determined by the method. 28551019 3 37 theme high 473:476 arg1 resolution 478:487 high resolution 473:487 high resolution 473:487 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 38 theme background 605:614 arg1 electrolyte 616:626 a background electrolyte 603:626 a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 603:731 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 2 39 theme impurities 425:434 arg1 determination 387:399 simultaneous determination 374:399 simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 374:450 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 0 40 theme impurities 36:45 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 0:118 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 7 41 theme hydrogenphosphate 1393:1409 arg1 pH 1421:1422 pH 4.5 1421:1426 pH 4.5 1421:1426 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 41 theme hydrogenphosphate 1393:1409 arg1 solution 1411:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution 1372:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD 1372:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 4 42 theme due 829:831 arg1 selectivity 817:827 a high separation selectivity 799:827 a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes 799:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 2 43 theme stereoisomeric 410:423 arg1 impurities 425:434 three stereoisomeric impurities 404:434 three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 404:450 In the present work, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin. 28551019 4 44 theme cooperativity 840:852 arg1 effect 854:859 the cooperativity effect 836:859 the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes 836:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 0 45 theme sitafloxacin 50:61 arg1 impurities 36:45 the stereoisomeric impurities 17:45 the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 17:61 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 6 46 theme response 1222:1229 arg1 RSM 1252:1254 RSM 1252:1254 RSM 1252:1254 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 6 46 theme response 1222:1229 arg1 methodology 1239:1249 the response surface methodology 1218:1249 the response surface methodology (RSM) 1218:1255 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 9 47 dep stereoisomeric 1643:1656 arg1 % 1635:1635 as low as 0.1% 1622:1635 as low as 0.1% 1622:1635 Under the optimized conditions, as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin can be determined by the method. 28551019 7 48 contain containing 1429:1438 arg1 pH 1421:1422 pH 4.5 1421:1426 pH 4.5 1421:1426 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 48 contain containing 1429:1438 arg2 D-Phe 1449:1453 15mmol/L D-Phe 1440:1453 15mmol/L D-Phe 1440:1453 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 48 contain containing 1429:1438 arg2 γ-CD 1484:1487 20mmol/L γ-CD 1475:1487 20mmol/L γ-CD 1475:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 48 contain containing 1429:1438 arg2 CuSO4 1465:1469 20mmol/L CuSO4 1456:1469 20mmol/L CuSO4 1456:1469 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 48 contain containing 1429:1438 arg1 solution 1411:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution 1372:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD 1372:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 3 49 with separation 457:466 arg1 resolution 478:487 high resolution 473:487 high resolution 473:487 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 4 50 theme high 801:804 arg1 selectivity 817:827 a high separation selectivity 799:827 a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes 799:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 3 51 theme dual 640:643 arg1 selectors 652:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 51 theme dual 640:643 arg1 γ-cyclodextrin 670:683 γ-cyclodextrin 670:683 γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) 670:690 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 51 theme dual 640:643 arg1 complex 725:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 7 52 theme dipotassium 1381:1391 arg1 pH 1421:1422 pH 4.5 1421:1426 pH 4.5 1421:1426 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 52 theme dipotassium 1381:1391 arg1 solution 1411:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution 1372:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD 1372:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 6 53 theme separation 1116:1125 arg1 system 1127:1132 the enantiomer separation system 1101:1132 the enantiomer separation system 1101:1132 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 3 54 theme diastereoisomers 564:579 arg1 separation 550:559 the separation 546:559 the separation of diastereoisomers 546:579 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 7 55 dep follows 1363:1369 arg1 pH 1421:1422 pH 4.5 1421:1426 pH 4.5 1421:1426 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 55 dep follows 1363:1369 arg1 solution 1411:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution 1372:1418 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD 1372:1487 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 56 theme separation 1490:1499 arg1 15kV 1509:1512 separation voltage 15kV 1490:1512 separation voltage 15kV 1490:1512 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 56 theme separation 1490:1499 arg1 follows 1363:1369 follows 1363:1369 follows 1363:1369 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 3 57 theme chiral 645:650 arg1 selectors 652:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 57 theme chiral 645:650 arg1 γ-cyclodextrin 670:683 γ-cyclodextrin 670:683 γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) 670:690 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 57 theme chiral 645:650 arg1 complex 725:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 9 58 theme stereoisomeric 1643:1656 arg1 impurities 1658:1667 as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities 1622:1667 as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin 1622:1683 Under the optimized conditions, as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin can be determined by the method. 28551019 6 59 theme enantiomer 1105:1114 arg1 system 1127:1132 the enantiomer separation system 1101:1132 the enantiomer separation system 1101:1132 Because two chiral selectors were involved in the enantiomer separation system, multiple factors and their interaction should be simultaneously optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a face centred central composite design (FCCD). 28551019 7 60 theme voltage 1501:1507 arg1 15kV 1509:1512 separation voltage 15kV 1490:1512 separation voltage 15kV 1490:1512 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 7 60 theme voltage 1501:1507 arg1 follows 1363:1369 follows 1363:1369 follows 1363:1369 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 5 61 theme D-Phe 1004:1008 arg1 concentrations 971:984 The concentrations 967:984 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe 967:1008 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe were found to be critical to the separation. 28551019 5 61 theme D-Phe 1004:1008 arg1 critical 1027:1034 critical 1027:1034 critical 1027:1034 The concentrations of γ-CD, Cu2+ and D-Phe were found to be critical to the separation. 28551019 9 62 theme optimized 1600:1608 arg1 conditions 1610:1619 the optimized conditions 1596:1619 the optimized conditions 1596:1619 Under the optimized conditions, as low as 0.1% (m/m) stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin can be determined by the method. 28551019 7 63 theme optimized 1323:1331 arg1 conditions 1344:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions 1310:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions 1310:1353 The obtained optimized separation conditions were as follows: 15mmol/L dipotassium hydrogenphosphate solution (pH 4.5) containing 15mmol/L D-Phe, 20mmol/L CuSO4 and 20mmol/L γ-CD, separation voltage 15kV. 28551019 0 64 theme capillary 66:74 arg1 electrophoresis 76:90 capillary electrophoresis 66:90 capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives 66:117 Determination of the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with dual chiral additives. 28551019 3 65 theme D-Phe 718:722 arg1 selectors 652:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 dual chiral selectors 640:660 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 3 65 theme D-Phe 718:722 arg1 complex 725:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex 696:731 The separation with high resolution not only for the separation of enantiomers, but also for the separation of diastereoisomers was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed of dual chiral selectors, namely γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and Cu2+-d-phenylalanine (D-Phe) complex. 28551019 4 66 theme separation 806:815 arg1 selectivity 817:827 a high separation selectivity 799:827 a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes 799:900 The combination of two chiral selectors is indispensable to gain a high separation selectivity due to the cooperativity effect of different chiral discrimination modes: inclusion complexation (γ-CD) and ligand exchange (Cu2+-d-Phe). 28551019 1 67 theme human 159:163 arg1 topoisomerase 165:177 the human topoisomerase II 155:180 the human topoisomerase II 155:180 Because of the bioactivity against the human topoisomerase II, the stereoisomeric impurities of sitafloxacin should be controlled in the process of manufactory. 29034774 0 0 theme tissue 100:105 arg1 engineering 107:117 tissue engineering 100:117 tissue engineering 100:117 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 3 1 theme mechanical 772:781 arg1 properties 783:792 excellent mechanical properties 762:792 excellent mechanical properties 762:792 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 4 2 from difference 1180:1189 arg1 fibers 1218:1223 the fibers 1214:1223 the fibers 1214:1223 The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. 29034774 7 3 theme cell 1749:1752 arg1 adhesion 1754:1761 cell adhesion 1749:1761 cell adhesion 1749:1761 In vitro cell test demonstrated that the materials could provide adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. 29034774 7 4 theme In 1659:1660 arg1 test 1673:1676 In vitro cell test 1659:1676 In vitro cell test 1659:1676 In vitro cell test demonstrated that the materials could provide adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. 29034774 4 5 theme tensile 1107:1113 arg1 behavior 1115:1122 the tensile behavior 1103:1122 the tensile behavior of materials 1103:1135 The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. 29034774 6 6 theme collagen-chitosan 1389:1405 arg1 nanofiber 1407:1415 the collagen-chitosan nanofiber 1385:1415 the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU 1385:1433 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 7 from variety 1543:1549 arg1 fibers 1578:1583 the fibers 1574:1583 the fibers 1574:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 4 8 theme collagen 1194:1201 arg1 content 1203:1209 collagen content 1194:1209 collagen content 1194:1209 The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. 29034774 5 9 theme break 1310:1314 arg1 elongation 1316:1325 the break elongation 1306:1325 the break elongation of materials 1306:1338 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 2 10 theme mechanical 600:609 arg1 properties 611:620 the insufficient mechanical properties 583:620 the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials 583:641 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 3 11 theme thermoplastic 683:695 arg1 TPU 711:713 TPU 711:713 TPU 711:713 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 11 theme thermoplastic 683:695 arg1 polyurethane 697:708 thermoplastic polyurethane 683:708 thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 683:714 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 5 12 theme break 1287:1291 arg1 strength 1293:1300 the break strength 1283:1300 the break strength 1283:1300 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 2 13 theme composites 359:368 arg1 structures 327:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures 284:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites 284:368 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 6 14 theme collagen 1554:1561 arg1 content 1563:1569 collagen content 1554:1569 collagen content in the fibers 1554:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 2 15 theme insufficient 587:598 arg1 properties 611:620 the insufficient mechanical properties 583:620 the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials 583:641 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 2 16 theme collagen-chitosan 341:357 arg1 composites 359:368 collagen-chitosan composites 341:368 collagen-chitosan composites 341:368 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 8 17 theme reinforced 1811:1820 arg1 nanofiber 1840:1848 the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber 1807:1848 the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber 1807:1848 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 3 18 theme sandwich 912:919 arg1 collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan 932:970 collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan 932:970 collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan 932:970 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 18 theme sandwich 912:919 arg1 structure 921:929 a sandwich structure 910:929 a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber 910:984 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 6 19 theme elongation 1619:1628 arg1 decrease 1597:1604 the decrease 1593:1604 the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent 1593:1656 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 2 20 from limitations 542:552 arg1 applications 563:574 their applications 557:574 their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials 557:641 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 2 21 theme scaffolding 513:523 arg1 engineering 501:511 tissue engineering scaffolding 494:523 tissue engineering scaffolding 494:523 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 6 22 theme materials 1633:1641 arg1 elongation 1619:1628 the break elongation 1609:1628 the break elongation of materials to some extent 1609:1656 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 4 23 theme different 1153:1161 arg1 degrees 1163:1169 different degrees 1153:1169 different degrees 1153:1169 The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. 29034774 1 24 with complex 142:148 arg1 structure 185:193 a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 155:193 a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 155:193 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 2 25 theme adequate 389:396 arg1 stimulus 398:405 more adequate stimulus 384:405 more adequate stimulus 384:405 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 3 26 theme mechanical 1010:1019 arg1 properties 1021:1030 the mechanical properties 1006:1030 the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold 1006:1076 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 1 27 theme native 219:224 arg1 ECM 226:228 native ECM 219:228 native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications 219:274 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 0 28 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 enhancement 11:21 Mechanical enhancement 0:21 Mechanical enhancement 0:21 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 6 29 theme break 1613:1617 arg1 elongation 1619:1628 the break elongation 1609:1628 the break elongation of materials to some extent 1609:1656 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 30 with degrees 1526:1532 arg1 variety 1543:1549 the variety 1539:1549 the variety of collagen content in the fibers 1539:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 30 with degrees 1526:1532 arg1 content 1563:1569 collagen content 1554:1569 collagen content in the fibers 1554:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 3 31 theme synthetic 733:741 arg1 polymers 743:750 biocompatible synthetic polymers 719:750 biocompatible synthetic polymers 719:750 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 32 theme collagen-chitosan 1051:1067 arg1 scaffold 1069:1076 the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold 1035:1076 the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold 1035:1076 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 0 33 theme in 27:28 arg1 biocompatibility 36:51 in vitro biocompatibility 27:51 in vitro biocompatibility 27:51 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 3 34 theme collagen-chitosan 825:841 arg1 composites 843:852 the collagen-chitosan composites 821:852 the collagen-chitosan composites 821:852 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 2 35 theme materials 633:641 arg1 properties 611:620 the insufficient mechanical properties 583:620 the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials 583:641 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 3 36 theme scaffold 1069:1076 arg1 properties 1021:1030 the mechanical properties 1006:1030 the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold 1006:1076 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 2 37 theme tissue 494:499 arg1 engineering 501:511 tissue engineering scaffolding 494:523 tissue engineering scaffolding 494:523 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 7 38 theme adequate 1724:1731 arg1 environment 1733:1743 adequate environment 1724:1743 adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation 1724:1779 In vitro cell test demonstrated that the materials could provide adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. 29034774 2 39 theme natural 625:631 arg1 materials 633:641 natural materials 625:641 natural materials 625:641 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 1 40 theme collagen-chitosan 124:140 arg1 complex 142:148 The collagen-chitosan complex 120:148 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 120:193 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 8 41 theme potential 1862:1870 arg1 scaffold 1872:1879 potential scaffold 1862:1879 potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic 1862:1963 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 1 42 theme tissue 234:239 arg1 repair 241:246 tissue repair 234:246 tissue repair 234:246 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 4 43 theme materials 1127:1135 arg1 behavior 1115:1122 the tensile behavior 1103:1122 the tensile behavior of materials 1103:1135 The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. 29034774 6 44 theme break 1445:1449 arg1 strength 1451:1458 the break strength 1441:1458 the break strength 1441:1458 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 45 theme materials 1487:1495 arg1 modulus 1476:1482 the Young's modulus 1464:1482 the Young's modulus of materials 1464:1495 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 45 theme materials 1487:1495 arg1 strength 1451:1458 the break strength 1441:1458 the break strength 1441:1458 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 46 theme content 1563:1569 arg1 variety 1543:1549 the variety 1539:1549 the variety of collagen content in the fibers 1539:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 46 theme content 1563:1569 arg1 content 1563:1569 collagen content 1554:1569 collagen content in the fibers 1554:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 3 47 theme nanofibrous 1039:1049 arg1 scaffold 1069:1076 the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold 1035:1076 the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold 1035:1076 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 6 48 theme different 1516:1524 arg1 degrees 1526:1532 different degrees 1516:1532 different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers 1516:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 5 49 theme obvious 1261:1267 arg1 changes 1269:1275 no obvious changes 1258:1275 no obvious changes 1258:1275 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 8 50 theme mechanical 1931:1940 arg1 requirements 1942:1953 the different mechanical requirements 1917:1953 the different mechanical requirements in clinic 1917:1963 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 6 51 from fibers 1578:1583 arg1 variety 1543:1549 the variety 1539:1549 the variety of collagen content in the fibers 1539:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 6 51 from fibers 1578:1583 arg1 content 1563:1569 collagen content 1554:1569 collagen content in the fibers 1554:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 0 52 theme nanofibrous 56:66 arg1 collagen-chitosan 68:84 nanofibrous collagen-chitosan 56:84 nanofibrous collagen-chitosan 56:84 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 5 53 contain had 1254:1256 arg1 modulus 1246:1252 the Young's modulus 1234:1252 the Young's modulus 1234:1252 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 5 53 contain had 1254:1256 arg2 changes 1269:1275 no obvious changes 1258:1275 no obvious changes 1258:1275 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 3 54 theme vinyl 658:662 arg1 alcohol 664:670 poly (vinyl alcohol) 652:671 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 652:677 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 54 theme vinyl 658:662 arg1 PVA 674:676 PVA 674:676 PVA 674:676 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 6 55 from content 1563:1569 arg1 fibers 1578:1583 the fibers 1574:1583 the fibers 1574:1583 For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. 29034774 2 56 theme cell 421:424 arg1 adhesion 426:433 cell adhesion 421:433 cell adhesion 421:433 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 2 57 contain have 472:475 arg1 stimulus 398:405 more adequate stimulus 384:405 more adequate stimulus 384:405 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 2 57 contain have 472:475 arg2 potential 481:489 the potential 477:489 the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding 477:523 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 8 58 theme collagen-chitosan 1822:1838 arg1 nanofiber 1840:1848 the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber 1807:1848 the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber 1807:1848 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 3 59 theme poly 652:655 arg1 alcohol 664:670 poly (vinyl alcohol) 652:671 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 652:677 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 59 theme poly 652:655 arg1 PVA 674:676 PVA 674:676 PVA 674:676 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 2 60 theme fibrous 319:325 arg1 structures 327:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures 284:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites 284:368 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 0 61 dep in 27:28 arg1 vitro 30:34 vitro 30:34 vitro 30:34 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 8 62 theme tissue 1885:1890 arg1 engineering 1892:1902 tissue engineering 1885:1902 tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic 1885:1963 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 8 63 from requirements 1942:1953 arg1 clinic 1958:1963 clinic 1958:1963 clinic 1958:1963 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 3 64 theme nanofiber 976:984 arg1 fibers 899:904 the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers 867:904 the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers 867:904 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 64 theme nanofiber 976:984 arg1 collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan 932:970 collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan 932:970 collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan 932:970 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 3 64 theme nanofiber 976:984 arg1 structure 921:929 a sandwich structure 910:929 a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber 910:984 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 1 65 theme biomedical 252:261 arg1 applications 263:274 biomedical applications 252:274 biomedical applications 252:274 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 7 66 dep In 1659:1660 arg1 vitro 1662:1666 vitro 1662:1666 vitro 1662:1666 In vitro cell test demonstrated that the materials could provide adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. 29034774 2 67 theme hierarchical 306:317 arg1 structures 327:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures 284:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites 284:368 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 1 68 theme three-dimensional 157:173 arg1 structure 185:193 a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 155:193 a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 155:193 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 7 69 theme cell 1668:1671 arg1 test 1673:1676 In vitro cell test 1659:1676 In vitro cell test 1659:1676 In vitro cell test demonstrated that the materials could provide adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. 29034774 2 70 theme due 576:578 arg1 applications 563:574 their applications 557:574 their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials 557:641 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 3 71 theme biocompatible 719:731 arg1 polymers 743:750 biocompatible synthetic polymers 719:750 biocompatible synthetic polymers 719:750 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 2 72 theme three-dimensional 288:304 arg1 structures 327:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures 284:336 the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites 284:368 Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. 29034774 1 73 theme nanofiber 175:183 arg1 structure 185:193 a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 155:193 a three-dimensional nanofiber structure 155:193 The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. 29034774 4 74 theme content 1203:1209 arg1 difference 1180:1189 the difference 1176:1189 the difference of collagen content in the fibers 1176:1223 The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. 29034774 3 75 theme mixed 871:875 arg1 fibers 899:904 the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers 867:904 the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers 867:904 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 0 76 theme collagen-chitosan 68:84 arg1 biocompatibility 36:51 in vitro biocompatibility 27:51 in vitro biocompatibility 27:51 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 0 76 theme collagen-chitosan 68:84 arg1 enhancement 11:21 Mechanical enhancement 0:21 Mechanical enhancement 0:21 Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. 29034774 3 77 theme excellent 762:770 arg1 properties 783:792 excellent mechanical properties 762:792 excellent mechanical properties 762:792 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 29034774 8 78 theme different 1921:1929 arg1 requirements 1942:1953 the different mechanical requirements 1917:1953 the different mechanical requirements in clinic 1917:1963 All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic. 29034774 5 79 theme materials 1330:1338 arg1 elongation 1316:1325 the break elongation 1306:1325 the break elongation of materials 1306:1338 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 5 79 theme materials 1330:1338 arg1 strength 1293:1300 the break strength 1283:1300 the break strength 1283:1300 Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. 29034774 3 80 theme collagen/chitosan/PVA 877:897 arg1 fibers 899:904 the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers 867:904 the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers 867:904 Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. 24481532 0 0 theme engineering 111:121 arg1 material 132:139 tissue engineering scaffold material 104:139 tissue engineering scaffold material 104:139 Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material. 24481532 3 1 theme metallographic 721:734 arg1 microscopy 736:745 metallographic microscopy 721:745 metallographic microscopy 721:745 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 7 2 theme phosphorylated 1443:1456 arg1 pellicle 1468:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 3 3 theme soluble 564:570 arg1 films 572:576 Completely water soluble films 547:576 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one 547:616 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 4 4 theme esters 1026:1031 arg1 formation 980:988 the formation 976:988 the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose 976:1044 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 0 5 theme tissue 104:109 arg1 engineering 111:121 tissue engineering 104:121 tissue engineering scaffold material 104:139 Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material. 24481532 3 6 theme contact 706:712 arg1 angle 714:718 contact angle 706:718 contact angle 706:718 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 3 7 with films 572:576 arg1 degree 598:603 a substitution degree 583:603 a substitution degree close to one 583:616 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 2 8 theme cellulose 406:414 arg1 reaction 377:384 the reaction 373:384 the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture 373:449 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 7 9 theme toxicity 1562:1569 arg1 lack 1554:1557 lack 1554:1557 lack of toxicity 1554:1569 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 7 9 theme toxicity 1562:1569 arg1 cytocompatibility 1532:1548 a good cytocompatibility 1525:1548 a good cytocompatibility 1525:1548 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 6 10 theme human 1352:1356 arg1 fibroblasts 1365:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 6 11 theme derivatized 1263:1273 arg1 cellulose 1275:1283 this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose 1245:1283 this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose 1245:1283 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 2 12 theme phosphorous 337:347 arg1 acid 349:352 phosphorous acid 337:352 phosphorous acid 337:352 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 4 13 theme cellulose 1036:1044 arg1 esters 1026:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters 993:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose 993:1044 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 0 14 theme scaffold 123:130 arg1 material 132:139 tissue engineering scaffold material 104:139 tissue engineering scaffold material 104:139 Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material. 24481532 3 15 theme atomic 751:756 arg1 AFM 776:778 AFM 776:778 AFM 776:778 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 3 15 theme atomic 751:756 arg1 microscopy 764:773 atomic force microscopy 751:773 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 751:779 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 5 16 from important 1128:1136 arg1 water 1141:1145 water 1141:1145 water than in ethylene glycol 1141:1169 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 6 17 theme hydrosoluble 1250:1261 arg1 cellulose 1275:1283 this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose 1245:1283 this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose 1245:1283 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 7 18 theme Cell 1428:1431 arg1 growth 1433:1438 Cell growth 1428:1438 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays 1428:1513 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 5 19 theme phosphorous 1180:1190 arg1 cellulose 1209:1217 the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1176:1217 the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1176:1217 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 7 20 theme cellulose 1458:1466 arg1 pellicle 1468:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 3 21 theme force 758:762 arg1 AFM 776:778 AFM 776:778 AFM 776:778 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 3 21 theme force 758:762 arg1 microscopy 764:773 atomic force microscopy 751:773 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 751:779 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 8 22 theme biopolymer 1676:1685 arg1 composites 1687:1696 new biopolymer composites 1672:1696 new biopolymer composites 1672:1696 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 3 23 theme substitution 585:596 arg1 degree 598:603 a substitution degree 583:603 a substitution degree close to one 583:616 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 2 24 theme molten 455:460 arg1 state 462:466 molten state 455:466 molten state 455:466 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 6 25 theme osteoblast-like 1384:1398 arg1 cells 1400:1404 osteoblast-like cells 1384:1404 osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma) 1384:1425 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 6 25 theme osteoblast-like 1384:1398 arg1 osteosarcoma 1413:1424 human osteosarcoma 1407:1424 human osteosarcoma 1407:1424 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 2 26 with comparison 472:481 arg1 methods 495:501 others methods 488:501 others methods that used different solvents and catalysts 488:544 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 6 27 theme human 1407:1411 arg1 cells 1400:1404 osteoblast-like cells 1384:1404 osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma) 1384:1425 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 6 27 theme human 1407:1411 arg1 osteosarcoma 1413:1424 human osteosarcoma 1407:1424 human osteosarcoma 1407:1424 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 4 28 theme NMR 786:788 arg1 spectra 790:796 31P NMR spectra 782:796 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose 782:821 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 4 29 theme monosubstituted 993:1007 arg1 esters 1026:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters 993:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose 993:1044 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 6 30 theme dermal 1358:1363 arg1 fibroblasts 1365:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 7 31 from assays 1508:1513 arg1 pellicle 1468:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 7 31 from assays 1508:1513 arg1 results 1485:1491 the results 1481:1491 the results from viability assays 1481:1513 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 6 32 theme direct 1299:1304 arg1 contact 1306:1312 direct contact 1299:1312 direct contact 1299:1312 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 1 33 theme new 234:236 arg1 derivatives 238:248 new derivatives 234:248 new derivatives 234:248 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 5 34 theme adhesion 1111:1118 arg1 important 1128:1136 important 1128:1136 important 1128:1136 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 5 34 theme adhesion 1111:1118 arg1 work 1103:1106 the work 1099:1106 the work of adhesion 1099:1118 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 7 35 theme viability 1498:1506 arg1 assays 1508:1513 viability assays 1498:1513 viability assays 1498:1513 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 5 36 from water 1141:1145 arg1 important 1128:1136 important 1128:1136 important 1128:1136 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 5 36 from water 1141:1145 arg1 work 1103:1106 the work 1099:1106 the work of adhesion 1099:1118 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 2 37 theme others 488:493 arg1 methods 495:501 others methods 488:501 others methods that used different solvents and catalysts 488:544 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 3 38 theme spectral 668:675 arg1 analysis 677:684 analytical and spectral analysis 653:684 analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR) 653:703 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 3 38 theme spectral 668:675 arg1 FT-IR 687:691 FT-IR 687:691 FT-IR 687:691 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 6 39 theme indirect 1326:1333 arg1 assays 1335:1340 indirect assays 1326:1340 indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma) 1326:1425 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 4 40 theme phosphorous 1009:1019 arg1 esters 1026:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters 993:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose 993:1044 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 5 41 theme ethylene 1155:1162 arg1 glycol 1164:1169 ethylene glycol 1155:1169 ethylene glycol 1155:1169 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 8 42 theme further 1715:1721 arg1 development 1723:1733 further development 1715:1733 further development as an ionic crosslinker 1715:1757 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 2 43 with reaction 377:384 arg1 mixture 443:449 phosphorous acid-urea mixture 421:449 phosphorous acid-urea mixture 421:449 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 1 44 theme Chemical 142:149 arg1 modification 151:162 Chemical modification 142:162 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation 142:194 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 0 45 theme hydrosoluble 49:60 arg1 cellulose 91:99 hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose 49:99 hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material 49:139 Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material. 24481532 8 46 theme acid 1584:1587 arg1 cellulose 1601:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1572:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1572:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 7 47 theme good 1527:1530 arg1 cytocompatibility 1532:1548 a good cytocompatibility 1525:1548 a good cytocompatibility 1525:1548 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 4 48 from ppm 916:918 arg1 doublets 882:889 the doublets 878:889 the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm 878:918 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 3 49 theme analytical 653:662 arg1 analysis 677:684 analytical and spectral analysis 653:684 analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR) 653:703 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 3 49 theme analytical 653:662 arg1 FT-IR 687:691 FT-IR 687:691 FT-IR 687:691 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 8 50 theme ionic 1741:1745 arg1 crosslinker 1747:1757 an ionic crosslinker 1738:1757 an ionic crosslinker 1738:1757 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 8 51 theme Phosphorous 1572:1582 arg1 cellulose 1601:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1572:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1572:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 1 52 with materials 254:262 arg1 end 278:280 specific end uses 269:285 specific end uses 269:285 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 1 53 dep end 278:280 arg1 uses 282:285 uses 282:285 uses 282:285 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 4 54 theme acid 1021:1024 arg1 esters 1026:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters 993:1031 monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose 993:1044 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 1 55 theme specific 269:276 arg1 end 278:280 specific end uses 269:285 specific end uses 269:285 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 0 56 theme acid-derivatized 74:89 arg1 cellulose 91:99 hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose 49:99 hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material 49:139 Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material. 24481532 5 57 theme angle 1068:1072 arg1 measurements 1074:1085 Contact angle measurements 1060:1085 Contact angle measurements 1060:1085 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 2 58 theme microcrystalline 389:404 arg1 cellulose 406:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 0 59 theme phosphorous 62:72 arg1 cellulose 91:99 hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose 49:99 hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material 49:139 Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material. 24481532 8 60 theme derivatized 1589:1599 arg1 cellulose 1601:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1572:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1572:1609 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 1 61 with derivatives 238:248 arg1 end 278:280 specific end uses 269:285 specific end uses 269:285 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 5 62 theme Contact 1060:1066 arg1 measurements 1074:1085 Contact angle measurements 1060:1085 Contact angle measurements 1060:1085 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 8 63 theme promising 1625:1633 arg1 biomaterial 1635:1645 a promising biomaterial 1623:1645 a promising biomaterial 1623:1645 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 7 64 from growth 1433:1438 arg1 pellicle 1468:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 phosphorylated cellulose pellicle 1443:1475 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 7 64 from growth 1433:1438 arg1 results 1485:1491 the results 1481:1491 the results from viability assays 1481:1513 Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. 24481532 6 65 theme cellulose 1275:1283 arg1 cytocompatibility 1224:1240 The cytocompatibility 1220:1240 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose 1220:1283 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 4 66 from 4.99-5.29 894:902 arg1 doublets 882:889 the doublets 878:889 the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm 878:918 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 4 67 theme derivatized 801:811 arg1 cellulose 813:821 derivatized cellulose 801:821 derivatized cellulose 801:821 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 1 68 theme cellulose 167:175 arg1 modification 151:162 Chemical modification 142:162 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation 142:194 Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. 24481532 5 69 theme acid 1192:1195 arg1 cellulose 1209:1217 the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1176:1217 the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1176:1217 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 3 70 theme P 698:698 arg1 NMR 700:702 (31)P NMR 694:702 (31)P NMR 694:702 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 4 71 theme 31P 782:784 arg1 NMR 786:788 31P NMR 782:788 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose 782:821 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 8 72 theme new 1672:1674 arg1 composites 1687:1696 new biopolymer composites 1672:1696 new biopolymer composites 1672:1696 Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker. 24481532 5 73 theme derivatized 1197:1207 arg1 cellulose 1209:1217 the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1176:1217 the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose 1176:1217 Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. 24481532 3 74 dep FT-IR 687:691 arg1 NMR 700:702 (31)P NMR 694:702 (31)P NMR 694:702 Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24481532 2 75 theme present 295:301 arg1 study 303:307 the present study 291:307 the present study 291:307 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 2 76 theme acid-urea 433:441 arg1 mixture 443:449 phosphorous acid-urea mixture 421:449 phosphorous acid-urea mixture 421:449 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 6 77 from assays 1335:1340 arg1 fibroblasts 1365:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 6 77 from assays 1335:1340 arg1 cells 1400:1404 osteoblast-like cells 1384:1404 osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma) 1384:1425 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 6 77 from assays 1335:1340 arg1 osteosarcoma 1413:1424 human osteosarcoma 1407:1424 human osteosarcoma 1407:1424 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 24481532 2 78 theme different 513:521 arg1 solvents 523:530 different solvents 513:530 different solvents 513:530 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 2 79 used used 508:511 arg2 methods 495:501 others methods 488:501 others methods that used different solvents and catalysts 488:544 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 4 80 theme cellulose 813:821 arg1 spectra 790:796 31P NMR spectra 782:796 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose 782:821 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. 24481532 2 81 theme phosphorous 421:431 arg1 mixture 443:449 phosphorous acid-urea mixture 421:449 phosphorous acid-urea mixture 421:449 In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. 24481532 6 82 theme normal 1345:1350 arg1 fibroblasts 1365:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 normal human dermal fibroblasts 1345:1375 The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). 28481511 4 0 theme nanocarriers 906:917 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 0 theme nanocarriers 906:917 arg1 HA- 981:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 0 theme nanocarriers 906:917 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 3 1 from composite 699:707 arg1 core 714:717 a core 712:717 a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 712:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 6 2 theme photothermal-chemotherapeutic 1340:1368 arg1 activities 1370:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities 1307:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities 1307:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. 28481511 4 3 theme @ 928:928 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 3 theme @ 928:928 arg1 HA- 981:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 3 theme @ 928:928 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 3 4 theme polydopamine 745:756 arg1 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 4 theme polydopamine 745:756 arg1 nanoparticles 758:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles 722:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 722:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 6 5 theme bioimaging 1325:1334 arg1 activities 1370:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities 1307:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities 1307:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. 28481511 1 6 theme minimal 282:288 arg1 toxicity 290:297 minimal toxicity 282:297 minimal toxicity 282:297 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 4 7 theme core 884:887 arg1 shells 889:894 core@shells 884:894 core@shells 884:894 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 3 8 theme carbonized 722:731 arg1 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 8 theme carbonized 722:731 arg1 nanoparticles 758:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles 722:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 722:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 0 9 theme Chemotherapy 137:148 arg1 Targeting 83:91 Dual Targeting 78:91 Dual Targeting 78:91 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 0 9 theme Chemotherapy 137:148 arg1 Effects 109:115 Synergistic Effects 97:115 Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy 97:148 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 5 10 theme HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 arg1 groups 1102:1107 the boronic acid groups 1085:1107 the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1085:1124 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 5 10 theme HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 3 11 theme diol-linked 593:603 arg1 β-CD 621:624 β-CD 621:624 β-CD 621:624 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 11 theme diol-linked 593:603 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 605:618 diol-linked β-cyclodextrin 593:618 diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) 593:625 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 7 12 dep escape 1438:1443 arg1 images 1483:1488 confocal images 1474:1488 confocal images 1474:1488 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 7 13 theme confocal 1474:1481 arg1 images 1483:1488 confocal images 1474:1488 confocal images 1474:1488 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 7 14 theme cells 1459:1463 arg1 staining 1465:1472 live/dead cells staining 1449:1472 live/dead cells staining 1449:1472 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 5 15 theme boronic 1089:1095 arg1 groups 1102:1107 the boronic acid groups 1085:1107 the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1085:1124 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 5 15 theme boronic 1089:1095 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 1 16 theme cancer 154:159 arg1 therapy 161:167 cancer therapy 154:167 cancer therapy 154:167 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 4 17 theme dual 1016:1019 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 17 theme dual 1016:1019 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 5 18 dep along 1262:1266 arg1 with 1268:1271 with 1268:1271 with 1268:1271 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 7 19 theme Lysosomal 1428:1436 arg1 escape 1438:1443 Lysosomal escape 1428:1443 Lysosomal escape 1428:1443 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 3 20 with complex 646:652 arg1 PTX 671:673 PTX 671:673 PTX 671:673 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 20 with complex 646:652 arg1 paclitaxel 659:668 paclitaxel 659:668 paclitaxel (PTX) 659:674 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 1 21 theme maximum 303:309 arg1 efficacy 323:330 maximum therapeutic efficacy 303:330 maximum therapeutic efficacy 303:330 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 5 22 theme photothermal 1186:1197 arg1 activity 1199:1206 pH-mediated photothermal activity 1174:1206 pH-mediated photothermal activity 1174:1206 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 1 23 theme tumor-specific 181:194 arg1 delivery 196:203 optimizing tumor-specific delivery 170:203 optimizing tumor-specific delivery 170:203 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 1 24 from therapy 161:167 arg1 important 259:267 important 259:267 important 259:267 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 4 25 theme intracellular 989:1001 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 25 theme intracellular 989:1001 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 2 26 theme nanocarrier 427:437 arg1 efficacy 374:381 the therapeutic efficacy 358:381 the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 358:504 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 0 27 theme Photothermal 120:131 arg1 Targeting 83:91 Dual Targeting 78:91 Dual Targeting 78:91 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 0 27 theme Photothermal 120:131 arg1 Effects 109:115 Synergistic Effects 97:115 Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy 97:148 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 5 28 theme boronate 1154:1161 arg1 esters 1163:1168 boronate esters 1154:1168 boronate esters 1154:1168 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 3 29 dep triphenylphosphonium 544:563 arg1 β-CD 621:624 β-CD 621:624 β-CD 621:624 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 29 dep triphenylphosphonium 544:563 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 605:618 diol-linked β-cyclodextrin 593:618 diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) 593:625 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 5 30 theme PTX 1250:1252 arg1 release 1254:1260 time dependent complete PTX release 1226:1260 time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response 1226:1304 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 2 31 theme dual 412:415 arg1 nanocarrier 427:437 a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier 386:437 nanocarrier 427:437 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 0 32 theme pH-Responsive 0:12 arg1 Polydopamine 40:51 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine 0:51 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 0:149 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 2 33 theme chemotherapeutic 480:495 arg1 platform 497:504 a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 443:504 a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 443:504 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 2 34 theme photothermal 463:474 arg1 platform 497:504 a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 443:504 a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 443:504 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 0 35 theme Fluorescent 28:38 arg1 Polydopamine 40:51 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine 0:51 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 0:149 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 5 36 theme complete 1241:1248 arg1 release 1254:1260 time dependent complete PTX release 1226:1260 time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response 1226:1304 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 7 37 theme synergetic 1612:1621 arg1 delivery 1628:1635 site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1598:1635 site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1598:1635 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 0 38 theme Dual 78:81 arg1 Targeting 83:91 Dual Targeting 78:91 Dual Targeting 78:91 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 4 39 theme successful 846:855 arg1 cross-linking 862:874 The successful diol cross-linking 842:874 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells 842:894 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 3 40 theme Hyaluronic 507:516 arg1 acid 518:521 Hyaluronic acid 507:521 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) 507:625 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 40 theme Hyaluronic 507:516 arg1 HA 524:525 HA 524:525 HA 524:525 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 41 link diol-linked 593:603 arg1 β-CD 621:624 β-CD 621:624 β-CD 621:624 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 41 link diol-linked 593:603 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 605:618 diol-linked β-cyclodextrin 593:618 diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) 593:625 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 7 42 theme versatile 1577:1585 arg1 approach 1554:1561 a new approach 1548:1561 a new approach 1548:1561 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 7 42 theme versatile 1577:1585 arg1 method 1587:1592 a simple and versatile method 1564:1592 a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1564:1635 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 5 43 theme photothermal 1275:1286 arg1 response 1297:1304 a photothermal mediated response 1273:1304 time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response 1226:1304 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 7 44 theme simple 1566:1571 arg1 approach 1554:1561 a new approach 1548:1561 a new approach 1548:1561 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 7 44 theme simple 1566:1571 arg1 method 1587:1592 a simple and versatile method 1564:1592 a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1564:1635 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 2 45 theme responsive 397:406 arg1 efficacy 374:381 the therapeutic efficacy 358:381 the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 358:504 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 1 46 theme drug 251:254 arg1 delivery 196:203 optimizing tumor-specific delivery 170:203 optimizing tumor-specific delivery 170:203 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 1 46 theme drug 251:254 arg1 distribution 212:223 tumor distribution 206:223 tumor distribution 206:223 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 1 46 theme drug 251:254 arg1 uptake 239:244 cellular uptake 230:244 cellular uptake 230:244 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 7 47 theme new 1550:1552 arg1 approach 1554:1561 a new approach 1548:1561 a new approach 1548:1561 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 7 47 theme new 1550:1552 arg1 method 1587:1592 a simple and versatile method 1564:1592 a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1564:1635 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 4 48 theme [FNPs-pDA 919:927 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 48 theme [FNPs-pDA 919:927 arg1 HA- 981:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 48 theme [FNPs-pDA 919:927 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 3 49 theme nanoparticles 758:770 arg1 core 714:717 a core 712:717 a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 712:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 50 theme boronic 575:581 arg1 BA 589:590 BA 589:590 BA 589:590 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 50 theme boronic 575:581 arg1 acid 583:586 boronic acid 575:586 boronic acid (BA) 575:591 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 7 51 theme system 1520:1525 arg1 promise 1504:1510 the promise 1500:1510 the promise 1500:1510 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 3 52 theme fluorescent 733:743 arg1 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 52 theme fluorescent 733:743 arg1 nanoparticles 758:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles 722:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 722:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 6 53 theme in 1311:1312 arg1 activities 1370:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities 1307:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities 1307:1379 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. 28481511 1 54 theme tumor 206:210 arg1 distribution 212:223 tumor distribution 206:223 tumor distribution 206:223 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 4 55 theme @ 888:888 arg1 shells 889:894 core@shells 884:894 core@shells 884:894 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 3 56 theme applicable 783:792 arg1 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 FNPs-pDA 773:780 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 3 56 theme applicable 783:792 arg1 nanoparticles 758:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles 722:770 carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 722:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 1 57 from important 259:267 arg1 therapy 161:167 cancer therapy 154:167 cancer therapy 154:167 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 1 58 theme cellular 230:237 arg1 uptake 239:244 cellular uptake 230:244 cellular uptake 230:244 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 3 59 theme photothermal 798:809 arg1 therapy 811:817 photothermal therapy 798:817 photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 798:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 5 60 theme acid 1097:1100 arg1 groups 1102:1107 the boronic acid groups 1085:1107 the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1085:1124 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 5 60 theme acid 1097:1100 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 1112:1124 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 7 61 theme live/dead 1449:1457 arg1 staining 1465:1472 live/dead cells staining 1449:1472 live/dead cells staining 1449:1472 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 3 62 theme inclusion 636:644 arg1 complex 646:652 an inclusion complex 633:652 an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX) 633:674 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 4 63 theme TPP-mediated 1003:1014 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 63 theme TPP-mediated 1003:1014 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 0 64 theme Synergistic 97:107 arg1 Effects 109:115 Synergistic Effects 97:115 Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy 97:148 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 5 65 theme pH-mediated 1174:1184 arg1 activity 1199:1206 pH-mediated photothermal activity 1174:1206 pH-mediated photothermal activity 1174:1206 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 1 66 theme optimizing 170:179 arg1 delivery 196:203 optimizing tumor-specific delivery 170:203 optimizing tumor-specific delivery 170:203 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 4 67 theme targeting 1021:1029 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 67 theme targeting 1021:1029 arg1 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 68 theme extracellular 967:979 arg1 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 68 theme extracellular 967:979 arg1 HA- 981:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 2 69 theme targeting 417:425 arg1 nanocarrier 427:437 a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier 386:437 nanocarrier 427:437 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 0 70 theme NIR-Absorbing 14:26 arg1 Polydopamine 40:51 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine 0:51 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 0:149 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 5 71 theme esters 1163:1168 arg1 formation 1141:1149 the formation 1137:1149 the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response 1137:1304 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 6 72 theme normal 1414:1419 arg1 cells 1421:1425 normal cells 1414:1425 normal cells 1414:1425 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. 28481511 5 73 theme dependent 1231:1239 arg1 release 1254:1260 time dependent complete PTX release 1226:1260 time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response 1226:1304 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 2 74 theme bioimaging-guided 445:461 arg1 platform 497:504 a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 443:504 a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 443:504 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 0 75 theme Hyaluronic 58:67 arg1 Acid 69:72 Hyaluronic Acid 58:72 Hyaluronic Acid 58:72 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 1 76 theme therapeutic 311:321 arg1 efficacy 323:330 maximum therapeutic efficacy 303:330 maximum therapeutic efficacy 303:330 In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. 28481511 7 77 theme drug 1623:1626 arg1 delivery 1628:1635 site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1598:1635 site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1598:1635 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 0 78 with Polydopamine 40:51 arg1 Acid 69:72 Hyaluronic Acid 58:72 Hyaluronic Acid 58:72 pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy. 28481511 7 79 theme site-specific 1598:1610 arg1 delivery 1628:1635 site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1598:1635 site-specific synergetic drug delivery 1598:1635 Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery. 28481511 3 80 theme shell-like 688:697 arg1 composite 699:707 a shell-like composite 686:707 a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging 686:839 Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. 28481511 4 81 theme diol 857:860 arg1 cross-linking 862:874 The successful diol cross-linking 842:874 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells 842:894 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 2 82 theme therapeutic 362:372 arg1 efficacy 374:381 the therapeutic efficacy 358:381 the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform 358:504 This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. 28481511 5 83 theme mediated 1288:1295 arg1 response 1297:1304 a photothermal mediated response 1273:1304 time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response 1226:1304 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 6 84 dep in 1311:1312 arg1 vitro 1314:1318 vitro 1314:1318 vitro 1314:1318 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. 28481511 6 84 dep in 1311:1312 arg1 dual 1320:1323 dual 1320:1323 dual 1320:1323 The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. 28481511 5 85 theme carbonized 1043:1052 arg1 FNPs-pDA 1054:1061 The carbonized FNPs-pDA 1039:1061 The carbonized FNPs-pDA 1039:1061 The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. 28481511 4 86 used used 956:959 arg2 system 1031:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 989:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 86 used used 956:959 arg2 HA-TPP-CD-PTX 929:941 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] 906:942 nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system 906:1036 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 28481511 4 86 used used 956:959 arg2 HA- 981:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 an extracellular HA- 964:983 The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. 29279123 5 0 theme high 1178:1181 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 0 theme high 1178:1181 arg1 absorption 1189:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 1 from activity 1215:1222 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 2 from protection 1281:1290 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 3 3 theme depth 552:556 arg1 surfaces 578:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 0 4 theme fabrics 95:101 arg1 properties 74:83 durable multi-functional properties 49:83 durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics 49:101 Nanocomposites based on chitosan/silver/clay for durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics. 29279123 5 5 theme water 1183:1187 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 5 theme water 1183:1187 arg1 absorption 1189:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 3 6 theme cotton 558:563 arg1 surfaces 578:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 7 from onset 595:599 arg1 multi-functionalization 616:638 the multi-functionalization 612:638 the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics 612:656 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 6 8 theme cotton 1343:1348 arg1 fabrics 1350:1356 cotton fabrics 1343:1356 cotton fabrics 1343:1356 The obtained data indicate that the treatment for cotton fabrics with these nanocomposite is stable against washing even after 20 washing cycles. 29279123 6 9 theme washing 1423:1429 arg1 cycles 1431:1436 20 washing cycles 1420:1436 20 washing cycles 1420:1436 The obtained data indicate that the treatment for cotton fabrics with these nanocomposite is stable against washing even after 20 washing cycles. 29279123 4 10 theme fabrics 940:946 arg1 functionalities 914:928 all the gained functionalities 899:928 all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics 899:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 11 theme fibre-fabric 565:576 arg1 surfaces 578:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 4 12 theme appreciable 828:838 arg1 properties 855:864 very appreciable good technical properties 823:864 very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics 823:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 13 dep surfaces 578:585 arg1 in 549:550 the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics 545:656 the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics 545:656 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 morphology 1064:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 absorption 1189:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 deposition 1116:1125 successful deposition 1105:1125 successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics 1105:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 retardant 1231:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 protection 1281:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 stability 1094:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 activity 1215:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 14 theme fragrance 1264:1272 arg1 release 1253:1259 controlled release 1242:1259 controlled release of fragrance 1242:1272 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 15 theme cotton 933:938 arg1 fabrics 940:946 cotton fabrics 933:946 cotton fabrics 933:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 4 16 theme one-step 756:763 arg1 process 775:781 one-step treatment process 756:781 one-step treatment process 756:781 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 17 with association 528:538 arg1 onset 595:599 the onset 591:599 the onset of this 591:607 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 17 with association 528:538 arg1 surfaces 578:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 18 from surfaces 578:585 arg1 multi-functionalization 616:638 the multi-functionalization 612:638 the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics 612:656 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 4 19 theme technical 845:853 arg1 properties 855:864 very appreciable good technical properties 823:864 very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics 823:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 2 20 theme super 426:430 arg1 functionalities 432:446 super functionalities 426:446 super functionalities 426:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 1 21 theme synthesis 196:204 arg1 development 165:175 benign development 158:175 benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite 158:236 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 5 22 from composite 1134:1142 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 23 theme cotton 1162:1167 arg1 fabrics 1169:1175 cotton fabrics 1162:1175 cotton fabrics 1162:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 24 theme good 840:843 arg1 properties 855:864 very appreciable good technical properties 823:864 very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics 823:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 7 25 theme nanocomposites 1516:1529 arg1 synthesis 1489:1497 the environmental benign synthesis 1464:1497 the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 1464:1529 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 7 25 theme nanocomposites 1516:1529 arg1 nanocomposite 1560:1572 a promising nanocomposite 1548:1572 a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles 1548:1615 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 5 26 theme fabrics 1169:1175 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 27 theme gained 907:912 arg1 functionalities 914:928 all the gained functionalities 899:928 all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics 899:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 5 28 theme uniform 1056:1062 arg1 morphology 1064:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 28 theme uniform 1056:1062 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 7 29 theme benign 1482:1487 arg1 synthesis 1489:1497 the environmental benign synthesis 1464:1497 the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 1464:1529 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 7 29 theme benign 1482:1487 arg1 nanocomposite 1560:1572 a promising nanocomposite 1548:1572 a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles 1548:1615 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 1 30 theme chitosan-based 209:222 arg1 nanocomposite 224:236 chitosan-based nanocomposite 209:236 chitosan-based nanocomposite 209:236 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 5 31 theme flame 1225:1229 arg1 retardant 1231:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 31 theme flame 1225:1229 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 32 from retardant 1231:1239 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 1 33 theme present 108:114 arg1 work 116:119 The present work 104:119 The present work 104:119 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 1 34 theme nanocomposite 224:236 arg1 synthesis 196:204 environmentally synthesis 180:204 environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite 180:236 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 morphology 1064:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 absorption 1189:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 deposition 1116:1125 successful deposition 1105:1125 successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics 1105:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 retardant 1231:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 protection 1281:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 stability 1094:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 activity 1215:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 35 from surface 1151:1157 arg1 release 1253:1259 controlled release 1242:1259 controlled release of fragrance 1242:1272 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 36 dep prove 720:724 arg1 results 802:808 results 802:808 results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics 802:946 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 37 theme this 604:607 arg1 onset 595:599 the onset 591:599 the onset of this 591:607 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 37 theme this 604:607 arg1 surfaces 578:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces 552:585 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 morphology 1064:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 absorption 1189:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 deposition 1116:1125 successful deposition 1105:1125 successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics 1105:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 retardant 1231:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 protection 1281:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 stability 1094:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 activity 1215:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 38 theme cotton 1012:1017 arg1 release 1253:1259 controlled release 1242:1259 controlled release of fragrance 1242:1272 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 2 39 with interaction 280:290 arg1 Cs 325:326 Cs 325:326 Cs 325:326 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 2 39 with interaction 280:290 arg1 chitosan 315:322 chitosan 315:322 chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities 315:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 7 40 theme environmental 1468:1480 arg1 synthesis 1489:1497 the environmental benign synthesis 1464:1497 the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 1464:1529 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 7 40 theme environmental 1468:1480 arg1 nanocomposite 1560:1572 a promising nanocomposite 1548:1572 a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles 1548:1615 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 1 41 theme environmentally 180:194 arg1 synthesis 196:204 environmentally synthesis 180:204 environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite 180:236 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 3 42 theme intimate 519:526 arg1 association 528:538 their intimate association 513:538 their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics 513:656 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 0 43 theme durable 49:55 arg1 properties 74:83 durable multi-functional properties 49:83 durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics 49:101 Nanocomposites based on chitosan/silver/clay for durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics. 29279123 2 44 theme Cs/AgNPs/clay 357:369 arg1 nanocomposites 371:384 Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 344:384 Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities 344:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 5 45 from release 1253:1259 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 46 from use 749:751 arg1 process 775:781 one-step treatment process 756:781 one-step treatment process 756:781 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 3 47 theme fabrics 650:656 arg1 multi-functionalization 616:638 the multi-functionalization 612:638 the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics 612:656 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 5 48 from stability 1094:1102 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 49 theme Cs/AgNPs/clay 691:703 arg1 nanocomposites 705:718 Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 691:718 Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 691:718 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 5 50 theme functional 958:967 arg1 properties 981:990 these functional performance properties 952:990 these functional performance properties 952:990 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 51 from absorption 1189:1198 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 52 theme increased 1076:1084 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 52 theme increased 1076:1084 arg1 stability 1094:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 53 theme controlled 1242:1251 arg1 release 1253:1259 controlled release 1242:1259 controlled release of fragrance 1242:1272 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 53 theme controlled 1242:1251 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 54 theme antimicrobial 1201:1213 arg1 activity 1215:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 54 theme antimicrobial 1201:1213 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 55 from deposition 1116:1125 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 56 theme thermal 1086:1092 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 56 theme thermal 1086:1092 arg1 stability 1094:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 7 57 theme Cs/AgNPs/clay 1502:1514 arg1 nanocomposites 1516:1529 Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 1502:1529 Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 1502:1529 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 5 58 theme performance 969:979 arg1 properties 981:990 these functional performance properties 952:990 these functional performance properties 952:990 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 0 59 theme multi-functional 57:72 arg1 properties 74:83 durable multi-functional properties 49:83 durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics 49:101 Nanocomposites based on chitosan/silver/clay for durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics. 29279123 7 60 theme multifunctional 1582:1596 arg1 textiles 1608:1615 the multifunctional finishing textiles 1578:1615 the multifunctional finishing textiles 1578:1615 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 3 61 theme cotton 643:648 arg1 fabrics 650:656 cotton fabrics 643:656 cotton fabrics 643:656 Comparison is made among the two nanocomposites with respect to their intimate association with the in depth cotton fibre-fabric surfaces and the onset of this on the multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics. 29279123 1 62 theme innovative 134:143 arg1 approach 145:152 an innovative approach 131:152 an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite 131:236 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 6 63 with treatment 1329:1337 arg1 nanocomposite 1369:1381 these nanocomposite 1363:1381 these nanocomposite 1363:1381 The obtained data indicate that the treatment for cotton fabrics with these nanocomposite is stable against washing even after 20 washing cycles. 29279123 5 64 theme successful 1105:1114 arg1 deposition 1116:1125 successful deposition 1105:1125 successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics 1105:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 64 theme successful 1105:1114 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 2 65 theme clay 305:308 arg1 interaction 280:290 interaction 280:290 interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities 280:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 4 66 theme cotton 787:792 arg1 fabrics 794:800 cotton fabrics 787:800 cotton fabrics 787:800 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 29279123 7 67 theme encourage 1448:1456 arg1 data 1458:1461 encourage data 1448:1461 encourage data 1448:1461 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 5 68 theme UV 1278:1279 arg1 protection 1281:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 68 theme UV 1278:1279 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 69 theme high 1041:1044 arg1 strength 1046:1053 high strength 1041:1053 high strength 1041:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 2 70 dep induce 419:424 arg1 nanocomposites 371:384 Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 344:384 Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities 344:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 morphology 1064:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 uniform morphology 1056:1073 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 fabrics 1019:1025 cotton fabrics 1012:1025 cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength 1012:1053 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 absorption 1189:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 high water absorption 1178:1198 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 deposition 1116:1125 successful deposition 1105:1125 successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics 1105:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 retardant 1231:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 flame retardant 1225:1239 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 protection 1281:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 UV protection 1278:1290 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 stability 1094:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 increased thermal stability 1076:1102 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 activity 1215:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 antimicrobial activity 1201:1222 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 5 71 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 release 1253:1259 controlled release 1242:1259 controlled release of fragrance 1242:1272 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 2 72 theme Cs/AgNPs 344:351 arg1 nanocomposites 371:384 Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 344:384 Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities 344:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 0 73 theme cotton 88:93 arg1 fabrics 95:101 cotton fabrics 88:101 cotton fabrics 88:101 Nanocomposites based on chitosan/silver/clay for durable multi-functional properties of cotton fabrics. 29279123 2 74 theme AgNPs 295:299 arg1 interaction 280:290 interaction 280:290 interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities 280:446 The synthesis involves the inclusion via interaction of AgNPs and clay with chitosan (Cs) giving rise to Cs/AgNPs and Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites which when applied independently induce super functionalities. 29279123 1 75 theme benign 158:163 arg1 development 165:175 benign development 158:175 benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite 158:236 The present work addresses an innovative approach for benign development of environmentally synthesis of chitosan-based nanocomposite. 29279123 7 76 theme promising 1550:1558 arg1 synthesis 1489:1497 the environmental benign synthesis 1464:1497 the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites 1464:1529 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 7 76 theme promising 1550:1558 arg1 nanocomposite 1560:1572 a promising nanocomposite 1548:1572 a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles 1548:1615 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 6 77 theme obtained 1297:1304 arg1 data 1306:1309 The obtained data 1293:1309 The obtained data 1293:1309 The obtained data indicate that the treatment for cotton fabrics with these nanocomposite is stable against washing even after 20 washing cycles. 29279123 7 78 theme finishing 1598:1606 arg1 textiles 1608:1615 the multifunctional finishing textiles 1578:1615 the multifunctional finishing textiles 1578:1615 Based on encourage data, the environmental benign synthesis of Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites is considered as a promising nanocomposite for the multifunctional finishing textiles. 29279123 5 79 from morphology 1064:1073 arg1 surface 1151:1157 the surface 1147:1157 the surface of cotton fabrics 1147:1175 Of these functional performance properties, mention is made of cotton fabrics which exhibit high strength, uniform morphology, increased thermal stability, successful deposition of the composite on the surface of cotton fabrics, high water absorption, antimicrobial activity, flame retardant, controlled release of fragrance and UV protection. 29279123 4 80 theme treatment 765:773 arg1 process 775:781 one-step treatment process 756:781 one-step treatment process 756:781 It is as well to emphasize that Cs/AgNPs/clay nanocomposites prove unequivocally that its use in one-step treatment process for cotton fabrics results in imparting very appreciable good technical properties which, in turn, are reflected on all the gained functionalities of cotton fabrics. 28463439 4 0 theme permeation 698:707 arg1 higher 752:757 higher 752:757 higher 752:757 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 0 theme permeation 698:707 arg1 flux 709:712 a water permeation flux 690:712 a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials 690:907 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 1 with NFMs 797:800 arg1 rejection 820:828 similar salt rejection 807:828 similar salt rejection 807:828 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 0 2 theme High 82:85 arg1 Performance 87:97 High Performance 82:97 High Performance 82:97 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 28463439 4 3 theme best 850:853 arg1 performance 855:865 the best performance 846:865 the best performance 846:865 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 1 4 theme fabricating 173:183 arg1 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 4 theme fabricating 173:183 arg1 membranes 226:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes 173:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 173:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 3 5 used used 530:533 arg2 strategy 518:525 a contra-diffusion strategy 499:525 a contra-diffusion strategy 499:525 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 6 6 theme usage 1104:1108 arg1 rate 1110:1113 the reactant usage rate 1091:1113 the reactant usage rate 1091:1113 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 6 7 theme NFMs 1220:1223 arg1 fabrication 1201:1211 environmentally friendly fabrication 1176:1211 environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs 1176:1223 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 5 8 theme ion 963:965 arg1 selectivity 967:977 excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity 938:977 excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity 938:977 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 5 9 theme mono-/divalent 948:961 arg1 selectivity 967:977 excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity 938:977 excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity 938:977 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 6 10 theme new 1159:1161 arg1 insight 1163:1169 new insight 1159:1169 new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs 1159:1223 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 6 11 theme friendly 1192:1199 arg1 fabrication 1201:1211 environmentally friendly fabrication 1176:1211 environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs 1176:1223 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 3 12 theme TFC 548:550 arg1 layers 616:621 selective layers 606:621 selective layers without the use of any organic solvents 606:661 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 3 12 theme TFC 548:550 arg1 NFMs 552:555 TFC NFMs 548:555 TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 548:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 4 13 theme water 692:696 arg1 higher 752:757 higher 752:757 higher 752:757 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 13 theme water 692:696 arg1 flux 709:712 a water permeation flux 690:712 a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials 690:907 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 2 14 theme ultrathin 427:435 arg1 coatings 454:461 ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings 427:461 ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings 427:461 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 2 14 theme ultrathin 427:435 arg1 layers 476:481 selective layers 466:481 selective layers 466:481 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 2 15 theme nanofiltration 280:293 arg1 performance 295:305 the nanofiltration performance 276:305 the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs 276:322 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 2 15 theme nanofiltration 280:293 arg1 satisfactory 331:342 satisfactory 331:342 satisfactory 331:342 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 1 16 theme thin-film 185:193 arg1 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 16 theme thin-film 185:193 arg1 membranes 226:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes 173:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 173:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 6 17 theme reactant 1095:1102 arg1 rate 1110:1113 the reactant usage rate 1091:1113 the reactant usage rate 1091:1113 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 2 18 theme efficient 392:400 arg1 methods 402:408 efficient methods 392:408 efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers 392:481 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 0 19 theme Alginate 10:17 arg1 Coatings 19:26 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings 0:26 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 0:98 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 28463439 3 20 link cross-linked 572:583 arg1 coatings 594:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 3 21 theme ultrathin 562:570 arg1 coatings 594:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 0 22 theme Ultrathin 0:8 arg1 Coatings 19:26 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings 0:26 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 0:98 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 28463439 2 23 theme NFMs 319:322 arg1 performance 295:305 the nanofiltration performance 276:305 the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs 276:322 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 2 23 theme NFMs 319:322 arg1 satisfactory 331:342 satisfactory 331:342 satisfactory 331:342 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 1 24 theme TFC 206:208 arg1 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 24 theme TFC 206:208 arg1 membranes 226:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes 173:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 173:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 6 25 theme TFC 1216:1218 arg1 NFMs 1220:1223 TFC NFMs 1216:1223 TFC NFMs 1216:1223 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 0 26 with Membranes 67:75 arg1 Performance 87:97 High Performance 82:97 High Performance 82:97 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 28463439 2 27 theme TFC 315:317 arg1 NFMs 319:322 such TFC NFMs 310:322 such TFC NFMs 310:322 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 5 28 theme operation 1006:1014 arg1 stability 1016:1024 good long-term operation stability 991:1024 good long-term operation stability 991:1024 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 3 29 theme cross-linked 572:583 arg1 coatings 594:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 6 30 theme environmentally 1176:1190 arg1 fabrication 1201:1211 environmentally friendly fabrication 1176:1211 environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs 1176:1223 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 3 31 theme organic 646:652 arg1 solvents 654:661 any organic solvents 642:661 any organic solvents 642:661 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 2 32 theme such 310:313 arg1 NFMs 319:322 such TFC NFMs 310:322 such TFC NFMs 310:322 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 1 33 theme nanofiltration 211:224 arg1 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 33 theme nanofiltration 211:224 arg1 membranes 226:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes 173:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 173:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 34 from materials 256:264 arg1 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 34 from materials 256:264 arg1 membranes 226:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes 173:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 173:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 3 35 theme solvents 654:661 arg1 use 635:637 the use 631:637 the use of any organic solvents 631:661 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 4 36 theme similar 807:813 arg1 rejection 820:828 similar salt rejection 807:828 similar salt rejection 807:828 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 37 theme as-prepared 668:678 arg1 NFMs 680:683 The as-prepared NFMs 664:683 The as-prepared NFMs 664:683 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 0 38 theme Selective 31:39 arg1 Layers 41:46 Selective Layers 31:46 Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance 31:97 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 28463439 3 39 theme selective 606:614 arg1 NFMs 552:555 TFC NFMs 548:555 TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 548:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 3 39 theme selective 606:614 arg1 layers 616:621 selective layers 606:621 selective layers without the use of any organic solvents 606:661 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 0 40 theme Nanofiltration 52:65 arg1 Membranes 67:75 Nanofiltration Membranes 52:75 Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance 52:97 Ultrathin Alginate Coatings as Selective Layers for Nanofiltration Membranes with High Performance. 28463439 4 41 theme salt 815:818 arg1 rejection 820:828 similar salt rejection 807:828 similar salt rejection 807:828 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 42 from materials 899:907 arg1 NFMs 881:884 all TFC NFMs 873:884 all TFC NFMs from natural materials 873:907 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 3 43 theme alginate 585:592 arg1 coatings 594:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 2 44 theme practical 348:356 arg1 applications 358:369 practical applications 348:369 practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers 348:481 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 5 45 theme excellent 938:946 arg1 selectivity 967:977 excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity 938:977 excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity 938:977 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 2 46 theme methods 402:408 arg1 lack 384:387 the lack 380:387 the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers 380:481 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 4 47 theme TFC 877:879 arg1 NFMs 881:884 all TFC NFMs 873:884 all TFC NFMs from natural materials 873:907 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 5 48 theme antifouling 1030:1040 arg1 properties 1042:1051 antifouling properties 1030:1051 antifouling properties 1030:1051 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 2 49 dep ultrathin 427:435 arg1 stable 447:452 stable 447:452 stable 447:452 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 2 49 dep ultrathin 427:435 arg1 uniform 438:444 uniform 438:444 uniform 438:444 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 3 50 theme contra-diffusion 501:516 arg1 strategy 518:525 a contra-diffusion strategy 499:525 a contra-diffusion strategy 499:525 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 6 51 theme waste 1130:1134 arg1 discharge 1136:1144 the waste discharge 1126:1144 the waste discharge 1126:1144 Furthermore, this strategy maximizes the reactant usage rate, minimizes the waste discharge and provides new insight into environmentally friendly fabrication of TFC NFMs. 28463439 5 52 theme long-term 996:1004 arg1 stability 1016:1024 good long-term operation stability 991:1024 good long-term operation stability 991:1024 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 4 53 theme natural 891:897 arg1 materials 899:907 natural materials 891:907 natural materials 891:907 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 54 theme alginate-based 778:791 arg1 NFMs 797:800 other alginate-based TFC NFMs 772:800 other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection 772:828 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 55 theme magnitude 742:750 arg1 order 733:737 nearly one order 722:737 nearly one order of magnitude 722:750 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 4 56 theme other 772:776 arg1 NFMs 797:800 other alginate-based TFC NFMs 772:800 other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection 772:828 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 5 57 theme good 991:994 arg1 stability 1016:1024 good long-term operation stability 991:1024 good long-term operation stability 991:1024 These NFMs also demonstrate excellent mono-/divalent ion selectivity, as well as good long-term operation stability and antifouling properties. 28463439 1 58 theme friendly 150:157 arg1 processes 159:167 environmentally friendly processes 134:167 environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 134:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 59 theme composite 195:203 arg1 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 NFMs 237:240 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 1 59 theme composite 195:203 arg1 membranes 226:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes 173:234 fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials 173:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 28463439 2 60 theme selective 466:474 arg1 coatings 454:461 ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings 427:461 ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings 427:461 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 2 60 theme selective 466:474 arg1 layers 476:481 selective layers 466:481 selective layers 466:481 However, the nanofiltration performance of such TFC NFMs is not satisfactory for practical applications owing to the lack of efficient methods for constructing ultrathin, uniform, stable coatings as selective layers. 28463439 4 61 theme TFC 793:795 arg1 NFMs 797:800 other alginate-based TFC NFMs 772:800 other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection 772:828 The as-prepared NFMs show a water permeation flux that is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of other alginate-based TFC NFMs with similar salt rejection, and represents the best performance among all TFC NFMs from natural materials. 28463439 3 62 with NFMs 552:555 arg1 coatings 594:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings 562:601 In this study, a contra-diffusion strategy is used to fabricate TFC NFMs with ultrathin cross-linked alginate coatings as selective layers without the use of any organic solvents. 28463439 1 63 theme natural 248:254 arg1 materials 256:264 natural materials 248:264 natural materials 248:264 It is highly desirable to develop environmentally friendly processes for fabricating thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) from natural materials. 29964751 1 0 from earthworms 313:322 arg1 China 349:353 China 349:353 China 349:353 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 0 from earthworms 313:322 arg1 soil 331:334 red soil 327:334 red soil from Hainan, China 327:353 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 6 1 from assessment 1010:1019 arg1 actual 973:978 actual 973:978 actual 973:978 This indicated that HPCD/RL was more actual and reliable than HPCD in the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms. 29964751 5 2 theme earthworm-accumulated 805:825 arg1 PAHs 827:830 earthworm-accumulated PAHs 805:830 earthworm-accumulated PAHs 805:830 However, earthworm-accumulated PAHs was 2.04 times higher than HPCD-extracted PAHs, but only 1.15 times higher than HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs. 29964751 2 3 theme apparent 511:518 arg1 solubility 520:529 apparent solubility 511:529 apparent solubility of PAHs 511:537 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 1 4 theme hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 166:193 arg1 extraction 152:161 composite extraction 142:161 composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) 142:222 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 0 5 from [Prediction 0:10 arg1 Soil 46:49 Spiked Soil 39:49 Spiked Soil 39:49 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 2 6 theme micellar 556:563 arg1 solubilization 565:578 micellar solubilization 556:578 micellar solubilization of RL 556:584 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 1 7 with extraction 152:161 arg1 RL 220:221 RL 220:221 RL 220:221 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 7 with extraction 152:161 arg1 rhamnolipid 207:217 rhamnolipid 207:217 rhamnolipid (RL) 207:222 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 0 8 with Extraction 64:73 arg1 Rhamnolipid 113:123 Rhamnolipid 113:123 Rhamnolipid 113:123 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 0 8 with Extraction 64:73 arg1 Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 80:107 Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 80:107 Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 80:107 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 1 9 theme polycyclic 270:279 arg1 PAHs 304:307 PAHs 304:307 PAHs 304:307 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 9 theme polycyclic 270:279 arg1 hydrocarbons 290:301 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 270:301 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) 270:426 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 0 10 from Soil 46:49 arg1 [Prediction 0:10 [Prediction 0:10 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid 0:123 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 1 11 theme benzo 405:409 arg1 BaP 423:425 BaP 423:425 BaP 423:425 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 11 theme benzo 405:409 arg1 pyrene 415:420 benzo (a) pyrene 405:420 benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) 405:426 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 0 12 from Bioavailability 20:34 arg1 Soil 46:49 Spiked Soil 39:49 Spiked Soil 39:49 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 3 13 theme solid 619:623 arg1 phase 625:629 solid phase 619:629 solid phase of soil 619:637 So more PAHs were desorbed from solid phase of soil. 29964751 4 14 theme HPCD/RL-extracted 756:772 arg1 PAHs 774:777 HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs 756:777 HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15) 756:793 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 7 15 theme risk 1228:1231 arg1 assessment 1233:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 7 16 theme RL 1087:1088 arg1 addition 1075:1082 the addition 1071:1082 the addition 1071:1082 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 2 17 theme PAHs 534:537 arg1 solubility 520:529 apparent solubility 511:529 apparent solubility of PAHs 511:537 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 1 18 theme a 412:412 arg1 BaP 423:425 BaP 423:425 BaP 423:425 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 18 theme a 412:412 arg1 pyrene 415:420 benzo (a) pyrene 405:420 benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) 405:426 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 4 19 theme Real 640:643 arg1 experiments 656:666 Real biological experiments 640:666 Real biological experiments 640:666 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 3 20 theme soil 634:637 arg1 phase 625:629 solid phase 619:629 solid phase of soil 619:637 So more PAHs were desorbed from solid phase of soil. 29964751 1 21 theme aromatic 281:288 arg1 PAHs 304:307 PAHs 304:307 PAHs 304:307 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 21 theme aromatic 281:288 arg1 hydrocarbons 290:301 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 270:301 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) 270:426 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 6 22 from actual 973:978 arg1 assessment 1010:1019 the assessment 1006:1019 the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms 1006:1057 This indicated that HPCD/RL was more actual and reliable than HPCD in the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms. 29964751 5 23 theme HPCD-extracted 859:872 arg1 PAHs 874:877 HPCD-extracted PAHs 859:877 HPCD-extracted PAHs 859:877 However, earthworm-accumulated PAHs was 2.04 times higher than HPCD-extracted PAHs, but only 1.15 times higher than HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs. 29964751 0 24 theme Bioavailability 20:34 arg1 [Prediction 0:10 [Prediction 0:10 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid 0:123 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 7 25 dep enhanced 1107:1114 arg1 provide 1184:1190 provide 1184:1190 might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants 1178:1285 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 2 26 theme RL 583:584 arg1 solubilization 565:578 micellar solubilization 556:578 micellar solubilization of RL 556:584 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 7 27 theme new 1194:1196 arg1 direction 1198:1206 a new direction 1192:1206 a new direction 1192:1206 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 1 28 from China 349:353 arg1 earthworms 313:322 earthworms 313:322 earthworms 313:322 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 1 28 from China 349:353 arg1 soil 331:334 red soil 327:334 red soil from Hainan, China 327:353 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 5 29 theme 1.15 889:892 arg1 times 894:898 times 894:898 times 894:898 However, earthworm-accumulated PAHs was 2.04 times higher than HPCD-extracted PAHs, but only 1.15 times higher than HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs. 29964751 4 30 theme biological 645:654 arg1 experiments 656:666 Real biological experiments 640:666 Real biological experiments 640:666 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 0 31 theme Spiked 39:44 arg1 Soil 46:49 Spiked Soil 39:49 Spiked Soil 39:49 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 4 32 theme earthworm-accumulated 725:745 arg1 PAHs 747:750 earthworm-accumulated PAHs 725:750 earthworm-accumulated PAHs 725:750 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 4 33 dep PAHs 774:777 arg1 n=15 789:792 n=15 789:792 n=15 789:792 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 4 33 dep PAHs 774:777 arg1 R2=0.98 780:786 R2=0.98 780:786 R2=0.98 780:786 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 7 34 theme HPCD 1142:1145 arg1 ability 1131:1137 the prediction ability 1116:1137 the prediction ability of HPCD 1116:1145 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 2 35 theme micelle 488:494 arg1 concentration 496:508 the critical micelle concentration 475:508 the critical micelle concentration 475:508 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 2 35 theme micelle 488:494 arg1 RL 458:459 RL 458:459 RL 458:459 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 7 36 theme organic 1266:1272 arg1 contaminants 1274:1285 organic contaminants 1266:1285 organic contaminants 1266:1285 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 2 37 theme critical 479:486 arg1 concentration 496:508 the critical micelle concentration 475:508 the critical micelle concentration 475:508 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 2 37 theme critical 479:486 arg1 RL 458:459 RL 458:459 RL 458:459 The results showed that when RL was more than the critical micelle concentration, apparent solubility of PAHs increased due to micellar solubilization of RL. 29964751 7 38 theme contaminants 1274:1285 arg1 bioremediation 1248:1261 bioremediation 1248:1261 bioremediation 1248:1261 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 7 38 theme contaminants 1274:1285 arg1 assessment 1233:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 5 39 dep times 894:898 arg1 higher 900:905 higher 900:905 higher 900:905 However, earthworm-accumulated PAHs was 2.04 times higher than HPCD-extracted PAHs, but only 1.15 times higher than HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs. 29964751 4 40 theme linear 697:702 arg1 relationship 704:715 a good linear relationship 690:715 a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15) 690:793 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 3 41 theme more 590:593 arg1 PAHs 595:598 So more PAHs 587:598 So more PAHs 587:598 So more PAHs were desorbed from solid phase of soil. 29964751 4 42 theme good 692:695 arg1 relationship 704:715 a good linear relationship 690:715 a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15) 690:793 Real biological experiments showed that there was a good linear relationship between earthworm-accumulated PAHs and HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs (R2=0.98, n=15). 29964751 7 43 from direction 1198:1206 arg1 bioremediation 1248:1261 bioremediation 1248:1261 bioremediation 1248:1261 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 7 43 from direction 1198:1206 arg1 assessment 1233:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 6 44 theme bioavailability 1029:1043 arg1 PAHs 1024:1027 PAHs 1024:1027 PAHs bioavailability to earthworms 1024:1057 This indicated that HPCD/RL was more actual and reliable than HPCD in the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms. 29964751 6 45 theme PAHs 1024:1027 arg1 assessment 1010:1019 the assessment 1006:1019 the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms 1006:1057 This indicated that HPCD/RL was more actual and reliable than HPCD in the assessment of PAHs bioavailability to earthworms. 29964751 7 46 theme prediction 1120:1129 arg1 ability 1131:1137 the prediction ability 1116:1137 the prediction ability of HPCD 1116:1145 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 5 47 theme HPCD/RL-extracted 912:928 arg1 PAHs 930:933 HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs 912:933 HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs 912:933 However, earthworm-accumulated PAHs was 2.04 times higher than HPCD-extracted PAHs, but only 1.15 times higher than HPCD/RL-extracted PAHs. 29964751 7 48 from implications 1212:1223 arg1 bioremediation 1248:1261 bioremediation 1248:1261 bioremediation 1248:1261 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 7 48 from implications 1212:1223 arg1 assessment 1233:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 risk assessment 1228:1242 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 29964751 1 49 theme composite 142:150 arg1 extraction 152:161 composite extraction 142:161 composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) 142:222 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 0 50 theme Composite 54:62 arg1 Extraction 64:73 Composite Extraction 54:73 Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid 54:123 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 1 51 theme red 327:329 arg1 soil 331:334 red soil 327:334 red soil from Hainan, China 327:353 In this study, composite extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with rhamnolipid (RL) was selected to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to earthworms in red soil from Hainan, China, spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). 29964751 0 52 theme PAHs 15:18 arg1 Bioavailability 20:34 PAHs Bioavailability 15:34 PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil 15:49 [Prediction of PAHs Bioavailability in Spiked Soil by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid]. 29964751 7 53 theme PAHs 1150:1153 arg1 bioavailability 1155:1169 PAHs bioavailability 1150:1169 PAHs bioavailability 1150:1169 Therefore, the addition of RL, to some extent, enhanced the prediction ability of HPCD in PAHs bioavailability, which might provide a new direction and implications in risk assessment and bioremediation of organic contaminants. 26005898 5 0 attach present 1012:1018 arg1 patients 1050:1057 patients 1050:1057 patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 1050:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 0 attach present 1012:1018 arg2 glycosaminoglycans 993:1010 urinary glycosaminoglycans 985:1010 urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 985:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 0 attach present 1012:1018 arg1 individuals 1031:1041 healthy individuals 1023:1041 healthy individuals 1023:1041 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 2 1 from urine 457:461 arg1 concentrations 411:424 low concentrations 407:424 low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine 407:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 5 2 theme urinary 985:991 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 993:1010 urinary glycosaminoglycans 985:1010 urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 985:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 0 3 theme Mass 96:99 arg1 Spectrometry 101:112 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 67:112 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 67:112 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 1 4 attach present 154:160 arg1 concentrations 169:182 low concentrations 165:182 low concentrations 165:182 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 1 4 attach present 154:160 arg2 analytes 144:151 complex analytes 136:151 complex analytes 136:151 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 1 5 from concentrations 169:182 arg1 present 154:160 present 154:160 present 154:160 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 5 6 theme glycosaminoglycans 993:1010 arg1 levels 975:980 the analysis low (ng/mL) levels 950:980 the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 950:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 6 theme glycosaminoglycans 993:1010 arg1 ng/mL 968:972 ng/mL 968:972 ng/mL 968:972 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 4 7 from samples 767:773 arg1 analysis 691:698 the analysis 687:698 the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 687:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 5 8 from patients 1050:1057 arg1 present 1012:1018 present 1012:1018 present 1012:1018 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 3 9 theme recombinant 598:608 arg1 lyases 618:623 recombinant heparin lyases 598:623 recombinant heparin lyases 598:623 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 4 10 theme disaccharide 733:744 arg1 composition 746:756 disaccharide composition 733:756 disaccharide composition 733:756 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 4 11 dep 10- 797:799 arg1 to 801:802 to 801:802 to 801:802 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 3 12 theme heparin 610:616 arg1 lyases 618:623 recombinant heparin lyases 598:623 recombinant heparin lyases 598:623 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 2 13 theme enzymatic 289:297 arg1 treatment 299:307 enzymatic treatment 289:307 enzymatic treatment 289:307 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 4 14 theme rapid 653:657 arg1 method 673:678 This rapid and sensitive method 648:678 This rapid and sensitive method 648:678 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 1 15 theme complex 136:142 arg1 analytes 144:151 complex analytes 136:151 complex analytes 136:151 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 4 16 theme metabolic 868:876 arg1 diseases 878:885 metabolic diseases 868:885 metabolic diseases 868:885 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 4 16 theme metabolic 868:876 arg1 mucopolysaccharidosis 896:916 mucopolysaccharidosis 896:916 mucopolysaccharidosis 896:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 4 17 from composition 746:756 arg1 samples 767:773 urine samples 761:773 urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 761:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 2 18 theme glycosaminoglycans 429:446 arg1 concentrations 411:424 low concentrations 407:424 low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine 407:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 2 19 theme recovery 279:286 arg1 treatment 299:307 enzymatic treatment 289:307 enzymatic treatment 289:307 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 2 19 theme recovery 279:286 arg1 method 269:274 an optimized method 256:274 an optimized method of recovery 256:286 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 2 19 theme recovery 279:286 arg1 analysis 327:334 disaccharide analysis 314:334 disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine 314:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 3 20 theme glycosaminoglycan 524:540 arg1 disaccharides 542:554 glycosaminoglycan disaccharides 524:554 glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase 524:645 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 1 21 theme biological 188:197 arg1 fluids 199:204 biological fluids 188:204 biological fluids 188:204 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 5 22 with patients 1050:1057 arg1 conditions 1077:1086 pathological conditions 1064:1086 pathological conditions 1064:1086 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 22 with patients 1050:1057 arg1 cancers 1114:1120 cancers 1114:1120 cancers 1114:1120 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 22 with patients 1050:1057 arg1 inflammation 1097:1108 inflammation 1097:1108 inflammation 1097:1108 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 3 23 theme urine 579:583 arg1 samples 585:591 urine samples 579:591 urine samples 579:591 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 5 24 from individuals 1031:1041 arg1 present 1012:1018 present 1012:1018 present 1012:1018 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 3 25 theme chondroitin 629:639 arg1 lyase 641:645 chondroitin lyase 629:645 chondroitin lyase 629:645 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 4 26 theme content 721:727 arg1 analysis 691:698 the analysis 687:698 the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 687:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 5 27 theme low 963:965 arg1 levels 975:980 the analysis low (ng/mL) levels 950:980 the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 950:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 27 theme low 963:965 arg1 ng/mL 968:972 ng/mL 968:972 ng/mL 968:972 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 2 28 theme disaccharide 314:325 arg1 analysis 327:334 disaccharide analysis 314:334 disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine 314:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 4 29 from content 721:727 arg1 samples 767:773 urine samples 761:773 urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 761:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 2 30 theme low 407:409 arg1 concentrations 411:424 low concentrations 407:424 low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine 407:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 0 31 theme Human 18:22 arg1 Disaccharides 50:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 5 32 from present 1012:1018 arg1 patients 1050:1057 patients 1050:1057 patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 1050:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 32 from present 1012:1018 arg1 individuals 1031:1041 healthy individuals 1023:1041 healthy individuals 1023:1041 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 33 theme present 1012:1018 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 993:1010 urinary glycosaminoglycans 985:1010 urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 985:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 0 34 theme Total 12:16 arg1 Disaccharides 50:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 4 35 with patients 854:861 arg1 diseases 878:885 metabolic diseases 868:885 metabolic diseases 868:885 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 4 35 with patients 854:861 arg1 mucopolysaccharidosis 896:916 mucopolysaccharidosis 896:916 mucopolysaccharidosis 896:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 3 36 theme disaccharides 542:554 arg1 monitoring 504:513 multiple reaction monitoring 486:513 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase 486:645 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 3 36 theme disaccharides 542:554 arg1 MRM 516:518 MRM 516:518 MRM 516:518 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 1 37 theme difficult 214:222 arg1 challenge 224:232 a difficult challenge 212:232 a difficult challenge 212:232 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 0 38 theme Glycosaminoglycan 32:48 arg1 Disaccharides 50:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 2 39 theme chromatography-tandem 346:366 arg1 spectrometry 373:384 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 339:384 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 339:384 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 3 40 theme reaction 495:502 arg1 monitoring 504:513 multiple reaction monitoring 486:513 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase 486:645 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 3 40 theme reaction 495:502 arg1 MRM 516:518 MRM 516:518 MRM 516:518 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 4 41 theme composition 746:756 arg1 analysis 691:698 the analysis 687:698 the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 687:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 2 42 theme human 451:455 arg1 urine 457:461 human urine 451:461 human urine 451:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 0 43 theme Urinary 24:30 arg1 Disaccharides 50:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides 12:62 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 2 44 from concentrations 411:424 arg1 urine 457:461 human urine 451:461 human urine 451:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 4 45 theme glycosaminoglycan 703:719 arg1 content 721:727 glycosaminoglycan content 703:727 glycosaminoglycan content 703:727 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 2 46 theme mass 368:371 arg1 spectrometry 373:384 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 339:384 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 339:384 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 0 47 theme Disaccharides 50:62 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 0:113 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 2 48 from glycosaminoglycans 429:446 arg1 urine 457:461 human urine 451:461 human urine 451:461 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 1 49 theme analytes 144:151 arg1 determination 119:131 The determination 115:131 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids 115:204 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 1 50 from determination 119:131 arg1 fluids 199:204 biological fluids 188:204 biological fluids 188:204 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 5 51 theme glycosaminoglycan 1145:1161 arg1 content 1163:1169 glycosaminoglycan content 1145:1169 glycosaminoglycan content 1145:1169 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 4 52 theme urine 761:765 arg1 samples 767:773 urine samples 761:773 urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 761:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 2 53 theme liquid 339:344 arg1 spectrometry 373:384 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 339:384 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 339:384 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 5 54 theme healthy 1023:1029 arg1 individuals 1031:1041 healthy individuals 1023:1041 healthy individuals 1023:1041 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 4 55 from analysis 691:698 arg1 samples 767:773 urine samples 761:773 urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 761:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 5 56 theme pathological 1064:1075 arg1 conditions 1077:1086 pathological conditions 1064:1086 pathological conditions 1064:1086 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 56 theme pathological 1064:1075 arg1 cancers 1114:1120 cancers 1114:1120 cancers 1114:1120 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 56 theme pathological 1064:1075 arg1 inflammation 1097:1108 inflammation 1097:1108 inflammation 1097:1108 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 1 57 theme present 154:160 arg1 analytes 144:151 complex analytes 136:151 complex analytes 136:151 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26005898 4 58 theme lower 813:817 arg1 concentrations 782:795 concentrations 782:795 concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 782:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 0 59 theme Chromatography-Tandem 74:94 arg1 Spectrometry 101:112 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 67:112 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 67:112 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 5 60 theme analysis 954:961 arg1 levels 975:980 the analysis low (ng/mL) levels 950:980 the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition 950:1185 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 5 60 theme analysis 954:961 arg1 ng/mL 968:972 ng/mL 968:972 ng/mL 968:972 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 2 61 theme optimized 259:267 arg1 method 269:274 an optimized method 256:274 an optimized method of recovery 256:286 This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. 26005898 3 62 theme multiple 486:493 arg1 monitoring 504:513 multiple reaction monitoring 486:513 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase 486:645 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 3 62 theme multiple 486:493 arg1 MRM 516:518 MRM 516:518 MRM 516:518 The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. 26005898 0 63 theme Liquid 67:72 arg1 Spectrometry 101:112 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 67:112 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 67:112 Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 26005898 4 64 contain having 775:780 arg2 concentrations 782:795 concentrations 782:795 concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 782:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 4 64 contain having 775:780 arg1 samples 767:773 urine samples 761:773 urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis 761:916 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 5 65 theme current 923:929 arg1 method 931:936 The current method 919:936 The current method 919:936 The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition. 26005898 4 66 theme sensitive 663:671 arg1 method 673:678 This rapid and sensitive method 648:678 This rapid and sensitive method 648:678 This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. 26005898 1 67 theme low 165:167 arg1 concentrations 169:182 low concentrations 165:182 low concentrations 165:182 The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. 26078184 0 0 theme glucose 82:88 arg1 detection 90:98 glucose detection 82:98 glucose detection 82:98 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD composite as an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection. 26078184 2 1 theme sensitive 468:476 arg1 analysis 492:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis 457:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose 457:510 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 2 2 dep polymer 334:340 arg1 Pβ 343:344 Pβ 343:344 Pβ(-CD) 343:349 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 2 2 dep polymer 334:340 arg1 -CD 346:348 -CD 346:348 -CD 346:348 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 3 3 theme level 657:661 arg1 effects 600:606 the effects 596:606 the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time 596:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 4 theme pH 647:648 arg1 value 650:654 pH value 647:654 pH value 647:654 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 5 5 contain had 909:911 arg2 effect 920:925 little effect 913:925 little effect 913:925 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 5 5 contain had 909:911 arg1 presence 839:846 The presence 835:846 The presence 835:846 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 5 6 theme proteins 899:906 arg1 presence 839:846 The presence 835:846 The presence 835:846 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 7 theme value 650:654 arg1 effects 600:606 the effects 596:606 the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time 596:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 5 8 theme amino 883:887 arg1 acids 889:893 amino acids 883:893 amino acids 883:893 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 9 theme Fe3O4/P 543:549 arg1 composite 557:565 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 539:565 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 539:565 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 2 10 theme glucose 504:510 arg1 analysis 492:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis 457:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose 457:510 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 5 11 theme acids 889:893 arg1 presence 839:846 The presence 835:846 The presence 835:846 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 2 12 theme β-cyclodextrin 319:332 arg1 polymer 334:340 a β-cyclodextrin polymer 317:340 a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) 317:409 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 5 13 theme saccharides 857:867 arg1 presence 839:846 The presence 835:846 The presence 835:846 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 14 theme benzoic 676:682 arg1 acid 684:687 benzoic acid 676:687 benzoic acid concentration 676:701 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 4 15 dep 10-min 822:827 arg1 mark 829:832 mark 829:832 mark 829:832 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose were determined when measuring at the 10-min mark. 26078184 6 16 theme composite 1077:1085 arg1 reusability 1044:1054 The reusability 1040:1054 The reusability of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 1040:1085 The reusability of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was also investigated after 10 successive runs. 26078184 5 17 from serum 1014:1018 arg1 analysis 985:992 the analysis 981:992 the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy 981:1037 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 5 18 theme glucose 997:1003 arg1 analysis 985:992 the analysis 981:992 the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy 981:1037 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 19 theme catalytic 517:525 arg1 activity 527:534 The catalytic activity 513:534 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 513:565 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 2 20 theme Fe3O4 400:404 arg1 microspheres 386:397 Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres 371:397 Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) 371:409 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 2 20 theme Fe3O4 400:404 arg1 MMs 406:408 Fe3O4 MMs 400:408 Fe3O4 MMs 400:408 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 0 21 theme magnetic 2:9 arg1 Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD 21:31 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD 0:31 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD 0:31 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD composite as an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection. 26078184 3 22 theme catalyst 666:673 arg1 time 716:719 reaction time 707:719 reaction time 707:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 22 theme catalyst 666:673 arg1 value 650:654 pH value 647:654 pH value 647:654 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 22 theme catalyst 666:673 arg1 level 657:661 level 657:661 level of catalyst 657:673 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 22 theme catalyst 666:673 arg1 concentration 689:701 benzoic acid concentration 676:701 benzoic acid concentration 676:701 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 22 theme catalyst 666:673 arg1 size 629:632 catalyst particle size 611:632 catalyst particle size 611:632 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 22 theme catalyst 666:673 arg1 species 638:644 species 638:644 species 638:644 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 1 23 with particles 118:126 arg1 functionalizations 151:168 different surface functionalizations 133:168 different surface functionalizations 133:168 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 2 24 theme selective 482:490 arg1 analysis 492:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis 457:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose 457:510 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 7 25 theme phase 1313:1317 arg1 agent 1328:1332 a phase transfer agent 1311:1332 a phase transfer agent 1311:1332 A possible mechanism is proposed in which Fe3O4 plays a significant role in inducing fluorescence and P(β-CD) enhances the fluorescence signal, acting as both a stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. 26078184 1 26 theme one-pot 196:202 arg1 method 217:222 a simple one-pot solvothermal method 187:222 a simple one-pot solvothermal method 187:222 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 2 27 theme β-CD 433:436 arg1 composite 439:447 a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 423:447 a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 423:447 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 6 28 theme successive 1118:1127 arg1 runs 1129:1132 10 successive runs 1115:1132 10 successive runs 1115:1132 The reusability of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was also investigated after 10 successive runs. 26078184 3 29 theme β-CD 551:554 arg1 composite 557:565 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 539:565 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 539:565 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 2 30 theme microspheres 386:397 arg1 surfaces 359:366 the surfaces 355:366 the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) 355:409 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 5 31 from analysis 985:992 arg1 serum 1014:1018 human serum 1008:1018 human serum 1008:1018 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 32 theme reaction 707:714 arg1 time 716:719 reaction time 707:719 reaction time 707:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 1 33 theme Magnetic 101:108 arg1 particles 118:126 Magnetic polymer particles 101:126 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations 101:168 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 1 33 theme Magnetic 101:108 arg1 mimetics 256:263 peroxidase mimetics 245:263 peroxidase mimetics 245:263 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 2 34 theme Fe3O4/P 425:431 arg1 composite 439:447 a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 423:447 a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 423:447 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 3 35 theme acid 684:687 arg1 concentration 689:701 benzoic acid concentration 676:701 benzoic acid concentration 676:701 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 5 36 theme ion 870:872 arg1 species 874:880 ion species 870:880 ion species 870:880 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 37 theme catalyst 611:618 arg1 size 629:632 catalyst particle size 611:632 catalyst particle size 611:632 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 1 38 theme polymer 110:116 arg1 particles 118:126 Magnetic polymer particles 101:126 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations 101:168 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 1 38 theme polymer 110:116 arg1 mimetics 256:263 peroxidase mimetics 245:263 peroxidase mimetics 245:263 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 7 39 dep fluorescence 1220:1231 arg1 enhances 1245:1252 enhances 1245:1252 enhances the fluorescence signal 1245:1276 A possible mechanism is proposed in which Fe3O4 plays a significant role in inducing fluorescence and P(β-CD) enhances the fluorescence signal, acting as both a stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. 26078184 2 40 theme rapid 461:465 arg1 analysis 492:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis 457:499 the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose 457:510 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 3 41 theme concentration 689:701 arg1 effects 600:606 the effects 596:606 the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time 596:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 42 theme particle 620:627 arg1 size 629:632 catalyst particle size 611:632 catalyst particle size 611:632 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 1 43 theme solvothermal 204:215 arg1 method 217:222 a simple one-pot solvothermal method 187:222 a simple one-pot solvothermal method 187:222 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 0 44 theme nanoscale 11:19 arg1 Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD 21:31 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD 0:31 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD 0:31 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD composite as an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection. 26078184 7 45 theme transfer 1319:1326 arg1 agent 1328:1332 a phase transfer agent 1311:1332 a phase transfer agent 1311:1332 A possible mechanism is proposed in which Fe3O4 plays a significant role in inducing fluorescence and P(β-CD) enhances the fluorescence signal, acting as both a stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. 26078184 6 46 theme Fe3O4/P 1063:1069 arg1 composite 1077:1085 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 1059:1085 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 1059:1085 The reusability of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was also investigated after 10 successive runs. 26078184 0 47 theme efficient 49:57 arg1 peroxidase 59:68 an efficient peroxidase 46:68 an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection 46:98 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD composite as an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection. 26078184 4 48 theme μM 769:770 arg1 limits 732:737 Detection limits 722:737 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose 722:782 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose were determined when measuring at the 10-min mark. 26078184 5 49 theme high 1025:1028 arg1 accuracy 1030:1037 high accuracy 1025:1037 high accuracy 1025:1037 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 3 50 theme time 716:719 arg1 effects 600:606 the effects 596:606 the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time 596:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 7 51 theme significant 1191:1201 arg1 role 1203:1206 a significant role 1189:1206 a significant role 1189:1206 A possible mechanism is proposed in which Fe3O4 plays a significant role in inducing fluorescence and P(β-CD) enhances the fluorescence signal, acting as both a stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. 26078184 3 52 theme species 638:644 arg1 effects 600:606 the effects 596:606 the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time 596:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 3 53 theme composite 557:565 arg1 activity 527:534 The catalytic activity 513:534 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 513:565 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 5 54 from glucose 997:1003 arg1 serum 1014:1018 human serum 1008:1018 human serum 1008:1018 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 4 55 theme μM 748:749 arg1 limits 732:737 Detection limits 722:737 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose 722:782 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose were determined when measuring at the 10-min mark. 26078184 1 56 theme different 133:141 arg1 functionalizations 151:168 different surface functionalizations 133:168 different surface functionalizations 133:168 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 5 57 theme species 874:880 arg1 presence 839:846 The presence 835:846 The presence 835:846 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 1 58 theme peroxidase 245:254 arg1 particles 118:126 Magnetic polymer particles 101:126 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations 101:168 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 1 58 theme peroxidase 245:254 arg1 mimetics 256:263 peroxidase mimetics 245:263 peroxidase mimetics 245:263 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 4 59 theme Detection 722:730 arg1 limits 732:737 Detection limits 722:737 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose 722:782 Detection limits of 0.015 μM for H2O2 and 0.03 μM for glucose were determined when measuring at the 10-min mark. 26078184 3 60 theme size 629:632 arg1 effects 600:606 the effects 596:606 the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time 596:719 The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was evaluated with regard to the effects of catalyst particle size and species, pH value, level of catalyst, benzoic acid concentration and reaction time. 26078184 5 61 with glucose 997:1003 arg1 accuracy 1030:1037 high accuracy 1025:1037 high accuracy 1025:1037 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 1 62 theme surface 143:149 arg1 functionalizations 151:168 different surface functionalizations 133:168 different surface functionalizations 133:168 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 5 63 theme other 851:855 arg1 saccharides 857:867 other saccharides 851:867 other saccharides 851:867 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 0 64 theme mimetic 70:76 arg1 peroxidase 59:68 an efficient peroxidase 46:68 an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection 46:98 A magnetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄/Pβ-CD composite as an efficient peroxidase mimetic for glucose detection. 26078184 5 65 theme little 913:918 arg1 effect 920:925 little effect 913:925 little effect 913:925 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 2 66 theme magnetic 377:384 arg1 microspheres 386:397 Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres 371:397 Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) 371:409 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 2 66 theme magnetic 377:384 arg1 MMs 406:408 Fe3O4 MMs 400:408 Fe3O4 MMs 400:408 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 1 67 theme simple 189:194 arg1 method 217:222 a simple one-pot solvothermal method 187:222 a simple one-pot solvothermal method 187:222 Magnetic polymer particles with different surface functionalizations were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized as peroxidase mimetics. 26078184 5 68 theme human 1008:1012 arg1 serum 1014:1018 human serum 1008:1018 human serum 1008:1018 The presence of other saccharides, ion species, amino acids and proteins, had little effect on the results, and this technique was found to allow the analysis of glucose in human serum with high accuracy. 26078184 2 69 theme fluorescence 270:281 arg1 enhancement 283:293 The fluorescence enhancement 266:293 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 266:447 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 7 70 theme possible 1137:1144 arg1 mechanism 1146:1154 A possible mechanism 1135:1154 A possible mechanism 1135:1154 A possible mechanism is proposed in which Fe3O4 plays a significant role in inducing fluorescence and P(β-CD) enhances the fluorescence signal, acting as both a stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. 26078184 2 71 theme Fe3O4 371:375 arg1 microspheres 386:397 Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres 371:397 Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) 371:409 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 2 71 theme Fe3O4 371:375 arg1 MMs 406:408 Fe3O4 MMs 400:408 Fe3O4 MMs 400:408 The fluorescence enhancement obtained by attaching a β-cyclodextrin polymer (Pβ(-CD)) to the surfaces of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4 MMs) to generate a Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite allowed the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of glucose. 26078184 7 72 theme fluorescence 1258:1269 arg1 signal 1271:1276 the fluorescence signal 1254:1276 the fluorescence signal 1254:1276 A possible mechanism is proposed in which Fe3O4 plays a significant role in inducing fluorescence and P(β-CD) enhances the fluorescence signal, acting as both a stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. 26078184 6 73 theme β-CD 1071:1074 arg1 composite 1077:1085 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 1059:1085 the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite 1059:1085 The reusability of the Fe3O4/P(β-CD) composite was also investigated after 10 successive runs. 25686973 0 0 theme poly 73:76 arg1 fibers 117:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 1 1 theme lactic 299:304 arg1 acid 306:309 lactic acid 299:309 lactic acid 299:309 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 1 theme lactic 299:304 arg1 poly 294:297 poly 294:297 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 294:316 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 6 2 dep CNC-g-PEG 1408:1416 arg1 % 1406:1406 % 1406:1406 % 1406:1406 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 8 3 from scaffolds 1632:1640 arg1 engineering 1657:1667 bone tissue engineering 1645:1667 bone tissue engineering 1645:1667 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 4 4 theme transition 878:887 arg1 temperature 889:899 the glass transition temperature 868:899 the glass transition temperature 868:899 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 1 5 theme cellulose 212:220 arg1 filler 335:340 a reinforcing filler 321:340 a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique 321:442 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 5 theme cellulose 212:220 arg1 nanocrystals 222:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals 176:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 176:240 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 5 theme cellulose 212:220 arg1 CNCs 236:239 CNCs 236:239 CNCs 236:239 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 3 6 theme average 681:687 arg1 diameter 689:696 The average diameter 677:696 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers 677:726 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 0 7 theme tissue 156:161 arg1 engineering 163:173 bone tissue engineering 151:173 bone tissue engineering 151:173 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 2 8 theme nanocomposite 620:632 arg1 scaffolds 634:642 PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 606:642 PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 606:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 3 9 theme electrospun 816:826 arg1 solutions 828:836 the electrospun solutions 812:836 the electrospun solutions 812:836 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 0 10 theme lactic 78:83 arg1 poly 73:76 poly 73:76 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 0 10 theme lactic 78:83 arg1 acid 85:88 lactic acid 78:88 lactic acid 78:88 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 2 11 theme mesenchymal 560:570 arg1 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 2 11 theme mesenchymal 560:570 arg1 cells 577:581 human mesenchymal stem cells 554:581 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 554:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 2 12 theme PLA/CNC-g-PEG 606:618 arg1 scaffolds 634:642 PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 606:642 PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 606:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 5 13 theme fiber 1269:1273 arg1 matrix 1275:1280 the fiber matrix 1265:1280 the fiber matrix 1265:1280 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 8 14 theme composite 1495:1503 arg1 nanofibers 1505:1514 PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers 1481:1514 PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers 1481:1514 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 2 15 theme human 554:558 arg1 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 2 15 theme human 554:558 arg1 cells 577:581 human mesenchymal stem cells 554:581 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 554:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 8 16 theme bone 1645:1648 arg1 engineering 1657:1667 bone tissue engineering 1645:1667 bone tissue engineering 1645:1667 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 6 17 theme fiber 1344:1348 arg1 mats 1350:1353 the composite fiber mats 1330:1353 the composite fiber mats 1330:1353 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 4 18 theme CNC-g-PEG 974:982 arg1 level 992:996 higher CNC-g-PEG loading level 967:996 higher CNC-g-PEG loading level 967:996 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 3 19 theme electrospun 705:715 arg1 nanofibers 717:726 the electrospun nanofibers 701:726 the electrospun nanofibers 701:726 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 6 20 theme tensile 1310:1316 arg1 strength 1318:1325 The tensile strength 1306:1325 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats 1306:1353 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 2 21 theme PLA/CNC 594:600 arg1 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 2 21 theme PLA/CNC 594:600 arg1 cells 577:581 human mesenchymal stem cells 554:581 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 554:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 5 22 theme electrical 1288:1297 arg1 field 1299:1303 electrical field 1288:1303 electrical field 1288:1303 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 4 23 theme cold 905:908 arg1 temperature 926:936 cold crystallization temperature 905:936 cold crystallization temperature 905:936 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 4 24 theme higher 967:972 arg1 level 992:996 higher CNC-g-PEG loading level 967:996 higher CNC-g-PEG loading level 967:996 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 5 25 theme nanofibers 1141:1150 arg1 Wettability 1110:1120 Wettability 1110:1120 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers 1110:1150 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 8 26 theme potential 1581:1589 arg1 application 1591:1601 the potential application 1577:1601 the potential application of this nanocomposite 1577:1623 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 8 26 theme potential 1581:1589 arg1 scaffolds 1632:1640 the scaffolds 1628:1640 the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering 1628:1667 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 8 27 theme improved 1526:1533 arg1 biocompatibility 1535:1550 improved biocompatibility 1526:1550 improved biocompatibility 1526:1550 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 8 28 theme nanocomposite 1611:1623 arg1 application 1591:1601 the potential application 1577:1601 the potential application of this nanocomposite 1577:1623 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 8 28 theme nanocomposite 1611:1623 arg1 scaffolds 1632:1640 the scaffolds 1628:1640 the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering 1628:1667 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 5 29 theme CNCs 1190:1193 arg1 addition 1178:1185 the addition 1174:1185 the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG 1174:1206 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 4 30 theme glass 872:876 arg1 transition 878:887 the glass transition 868:887 the glass transition temperature 868:899 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 4 31 theme DSC 839:841 arg1 results 843:849 DSC results 839:849 DSC results 839:849 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 1 32 theme electrospinning 418:432 arg1 technique 434:442 an electrospinning technique 415:442 an electrospinning technique 415:442 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 6 33 theme composite 1334:1342 arg1 mats 1350:1353 the composite fiber mats 1330:1353 the composite fiber mats 1330:1353 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 2 34 theme stem 572:575 arg1 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 2 34 theme stem 572:575 arg1 cells 577:581 human mesenchymal stem cells 554:581 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 554:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 3 35 theme increased 743:751 arg1 level 768:772 increased filler loading level 743:772 increased filler loading level 743:772 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 0 36 theme nanocomposite 103:115 arg1 fibers 117:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 2 37 theme scaffolds 634:642 arg1 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 hMSCs 584:588 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 2 37 theme scaffolds 634:642 arg1 cells 577:581 human mesenchymal stem cells 554:581 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 554:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 0 38 theme poly 17:20 arg1 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) 0:37 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 3 39 theme nanofibers 717:726 arg1 diameter 689:696 The average diameter 677:696 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers 677:726 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 0 40 theme electrospun 91:101 arg1 fibers 117:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 1 41 theme ethylene 181:188 arg1 Poly 176:179 Poly 176:179 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 176:240 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 41 theme ethylene 181:188 arg1 glycol 190:195 ethylene glycol 181:195 ethylene glycol 181:195 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 4 42 theme improved 1015:1022 arg1 adhesion 1036:1043 improved interfacial adhesion 1015:1043 improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA 1015:1064 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 5 43 theme CNC-g-PEG 1198:1206 arg1 addition 1178:1185 the addition 1174:1185 the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG 1174:1206 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 6 44 dep % 1406:1406 arg1 5 1405:1405 5 1405:1405 5 1405:1405 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 1 45 theme reinforcing 323:333 arg1 filler 335:340 a reinforcing filler 321:340 a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique 321:442 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 45 theme reinforcing 323:333 arg1 nanocrystals 222:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals 176:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 176:240 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 46 theme Poly 176:179 arg1 filler 335:340 a reinforcing filler 321:340 a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique 321:442 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 46 theme Poly 176:179 arg1 nanocrystals 222:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals 176:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 176:240 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 46 theme Poly 176:179 arg1 CNCs 236:239 CNCs 236:239 CNCs 236:239 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 0 47 theme ethylene 22:29 arg1 poly 17:20 poly 17:20 poly(ethylene glycol) 17:37 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 0 47 theme ethylene 22:29 arg1 glycol 31:36 ethylene glycol 22:36 ethylene glycol 22:36 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 6 48 dep 5 1405:1405 arg1 to 1402:1403 to 1402:1403 to 1402:1403 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 2 49 theme wettability 485:495 arg1 properties 497:506 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties 445:506 properties 497:506 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 0 50 from nanocrystals 57:68 arg1 fibers 117:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 73:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 6 51 theme mats 1350:1353 arg1 strength 1318:1325 The tensile strength 1306:1325 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats 1306:1353 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 2 52 dep Morphological 445:457 arg1 thermal 460:466 thermal 460:466 thermal 460:466 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 4 53 theme loading 984:990 arg1 level 992:996 higher CNC-g-PEG loading level 967:996 higher CNC-g-PEG loading level 967:996 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 8 54 theme culture 1453:1459 arg1 results 1461:1467 the cell culture results 1444:1467 the cell culture results 1444:1467 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 2 55 theme preliminary 519:529 arg1 biocompatibility 531:546 preliminary biocompatibility 519:546 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds 445:642 Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties as well as preliminary biocompatibility using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNC-g-PEG nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized and compared. 25686973 4 56 theme interfacial 1024:1034 arg1 adhesion 1036:1043 improved interfacial adhesion 1015:1043 improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA 1015:1064 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 3 57 theme filler 753:758 arg1 level 768:772 increased filler loading level 743:772 increased filler loading level 743:772 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 0 58 theme potential 127:135 arg1 scaffolds 137:145 potential scaffolds 127:145 potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 127:173 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 0 58 theme potential 127:135 arg1 nanocrystals 57:68 cellulose nanocrystals 47:68 cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 47:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 5 59 theme matrix 1275:1280 arg1 inside 1255:1260 inside 1255:1260 inside of the fiber matrix 1255:1280 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 3 60 theme loading 760:766 arg1 level 768:772 increased filler loading level 743:772 increased filler loading level 743:772 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 0 61 theme bone 151:154 arg1 engineering 163:173 bone tissue engineering 151:173 bone tissue engineering 151:173 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 1 62 theme nanocomposite 353:365 arg1 scaffolds 367:375 nanocomposite scaffolds 353:375 nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique 353:442 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 8 63 theme PLA/CNC-g-PEG 1481:1493 arg1 nanofibers 1505:1514 PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers 1481:1514 PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers 1481:1514 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 8 64 theme cell 1448:1451 arg1 results 1461:1467 the cell culture results 1444:1467 the cell culture results 1444:1467 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 3 65 theme solutions 828:836 arg1 conductivity 796:807 the increased conductivity 782:807 the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions 782:836 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 3 66 theme increased 786:794 arg1 conductivity 796:807 the increased conductivity 782:807 the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions 782:836 The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers decreased with increased filler loading level, due to the increased conductivity of the electrospun solutions. 25686973 4 67 theme crystallization 910:924 arg1 temperature 926:936 cold crystallization temperature 905:936 cold crystallization temperature 905:936 DSC results showed that both the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature decreased progressively with higher CNC-g-PEG loading level, suggesting that improved interfacial adhesion between CNCs and PLA was achieved by grafting PEG onto the CNCs. 25686973 8 68 theme tissue 1650:1655 arg1 engineering 1657:1667 bone tissue engineering 1645:1667 bone tissue engineering 1645:1667 In addition, the cell culture results showed that PLA/CNC-g-PEG composite nanofibers exhibited improved biocompatibility to hMSCs, which revealed the potential application of this nanocomposite as the scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25686973 0 69 theme cellulose 47:55 arg1 scaffolds 137:145 potential scaffolds 127:145 potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 127:173 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 0 69 theme cellulose 47:55 arg1 nanocrystals 57:68 cellulose nanocrystals 47:68 cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers 47:122 Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanocomposite fibers as potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 25686973 5 70 theme electrospun 1129:1139 arg1 nanofibers 1141:1150 the electrospun nanofibers 1125:1150 the electrospun nanofibers 1125:1150 Wettability of the electrospun nanofibers was not affected with the addition of CNCs or CNC-g-PEG and indicating that the fillers tended to stay inside of the fiber matrix under electrical field. 25686973 6 71 theme CNC-g-PEG 1408:1416 arg1 addition 1387:1394 the addition 1383:1394 the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt 1383:1426 The tensile strength of the composite fiber mats was effectively improved by the addition of up to 5% CNC-g-PEG up to 5wt. 25686973 1 72 theme -grafted 203:210 arg1 filler 335:340 a reinforcing filler 321:340 a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique 321:442 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 72 theme -grafted 203:210 arg1 nanocrystals 222:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals 176:233 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 176:240 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25686973 1 72 theme -grafted 203:210 arg1 CNCs 236:239 CNCs 236:239 CNCs 236:239 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully synthesized and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler to produce nanocomposite scaffolds consisting of CNC-g-PEG and PLA using an electrospinning technique. 25782175 6 0 theme novel 1563:1567 arg1 selectors 1580:1588 novel ILs chiral selectors 1563:1588 novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1563:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 5 1 theme mM 1355:1356 arg1 TMA-LA 1358:1363 200 mM TMA-LA 1351:1363 200 mM TMA-LA 1351:1363 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 2 2 theme saccharide 666:675 arg1 selector 684:691 a conventional saccharide chiral selector 651:691 a conventional saccharide chiral selector 651:691 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 1 3 theme aroused 154:160 arg1 interest 173:180 aroused widespread interest 154:180 aroused widespread interest 154:180 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 4 4 theme applied 1201:1207 arg1 voltage 1209:1215 applied voltage 1201:1215 applied voltage 1201:1215 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 3 5 dep systems 806:812 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 5 dep systems 806:812 arg1 system 825:830 single LA system 815:830 single LA system 815:830 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 5 dep systems 806:812 arg1 system 882:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 5 dep systems 806:812 arg1 system 860:865 LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system 833:865 system 860:865 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 6 theme sole 966:969 arg1 selector 978:985 the sole chiral selector 962:985 the sole chiral selector 962:985 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 2 7 theme separation 597:606 arg1 capability 608:617 the chiral separation capability 586:617 the chiral separation capability 586:617 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 1 8 theme widespread 162:171 arg1 interest 173:180 aroused widespread interest 154:180 aroused widespread interest 154:180 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 3 9 theme separation 795:804 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 9 theme separation 795:804 arg1 system 825:830 single LA system 815:830 single LA system 815:830 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 9 theme separation 795:804 arg1 system 882:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 9 theme separation 795:804 arg1 system 860:865 LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system 833:865 system 860:865 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 2 10 theme lactobionic 473:483 arg1 acid 485:488 lactobionic acid 473:488 a lactobionic acid LA-based IL 471:500 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 1 11 theme chiral 320:325 arg1 ILs 327:329 chiral ILs 320:329 chiral ILs 320:329 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 3 12 theme IL 956:957 arg1 use 942:944 the use 938:944 the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector 938:985 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 2 13 theme chiral 590:595 arg1 capability 608:617 the chiral separation capability 586:617 the chiral separation capability 586:617 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 6 14 theme first 1403:1407 arg1 It 1393:1394 It 1393:1394 It 1393:1394 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 6 14 theme first 1403:1407 arg1 time 1409:1412 the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1399:1627 the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1399:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 3 15 theme capability 775:784 arg1 study 743:747 A comparative study 729:747 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 729:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 0 16 theme capillary 95:103 arg1 electrophoresis 105:119 capillary electrophoresis 95:119 capillary electrophoresis 95:119 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 1 17 theme ILs 327:329 arg1 use 313:315 the use 309:315 the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system 309:407 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 6 18 theme chiral 1573:1578 arg1 selectors 1580:1588 novel ILs chiral selectors 1563:1588 novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1563:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 5 19 theme 40 1333:1334 arg1 % 1335:1335 % 1335:1335 % 1335:1335 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 2 20 theme chiral 712:717 arg1 selector 719:726 an IL chiral selector 706:726 an IL chiral selector 706:726 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 3 21 theme TMA-Cl 852:857 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 21 theme TMA-Cl 852:857 arg1 system 860:865 LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system 833:865 system 860:865 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 5 22 theme v/v 1337:1339 arg1 methanol 1341:1348 40% v/v methanol 1333:1348 40% v/v methanol 1333:1348 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 4 23 theme composition 1139:1149 arg1 proportion 1100:1109 proportion 1100:1109 proportion 1100:1109 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 4 23 theme composition 1139:1149 arg1 type 1091:1094 type 1091:1094 type 1091:1094 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 2 24 theme IL 709:710 arg1 selector 719:726 an IL chiral selector 706:726 an IL chiral selector 706:726 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 1 25 from selector 350:357 arg1 system 402:407 a chromatographic system 384:407 a chromatographic system 384:407 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 25 from selector 350:357 arg1 electrophoretic 365:379 electrophoretic 365:379 electrophoretic 365:379 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 26 contain have 149:152 arg2 interest 173:180 aroused widespread interest 154:180 aroused widespread interest 154:180 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 26 contain have 149:152 arg1 ILs 144:146 ILs 144:146 ILs 144:146 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 26 contain have 149:152 arg1 liquids 135:141 Chiral ionic liquids 122:141 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) 122:147 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 6 27 theme chiral 1464:1469 arg1 IL 1438:1439 a saccharide-based IL 1419:1439 a saccharide-based IL 1419:1439 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 6 27 theme chiral 1464:1469 arg1 selector 1471:1478 a sole chiral selector 1457:1478 a sole chiral selector in CE 1457:1484 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 3 28 theme TMA-chloride 838:849 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 28 theme TMA-chloride 838:849 arg1 system 860:865 LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system 833:865 system 860:865 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 6 29 theme selectors 1580:1588 arg1 development 1548:1558 the development 1544:1558 the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1544:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 1 30 theme sole 338:341 arg1 selector 350:357 the sole chiral selector 334:357 the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system 334:407 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 3 31 theme chiral 971:976 arg1 selector 978:985 the sole chiral selector 962:985 the sole chiral selector 962:985 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 32 theme TMA-LA 949:954 arg1 IL 956:957 TMA-LA IL 949:957 TMA-LA IL 949:957 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 4 33 theme parameters 1035:1044 arg1 series 1025:1030 A series 1023:1030 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage 1023:1215 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 3 34 theme remarkable 999:1008 arg1 superiority 1010:1020 a remarkable superiority 997:1020 a remarkable superiority 997:1020 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 1 35 theme chiral 265:270 arg1 ILs 272:274 chiral ILs 265:274 chiral ILs 265:274 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 4 36 theme chiral 1159:1164 arg1 concentration 1175:1187 chiral selector concentration 1159:1187 chiral selector concentration 1159:1187 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 4 37 theme modifier 1122:1129 arg1 proportion 1100:1109 proportion 1100:1109 proportion 1100:1109 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 4 37 theme modifier 1122:1129 arg1 type 1091:1094 type 1091:1094 type 1091:1094 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 0 38 theme novel 36:40 arg1 selector 62:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector 34:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis 34:119 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 1 39 theme ILs 272:274 arg1 application 250:260 the application 246:260 the application of chiral ILs in CE 246:280 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 40 from application 250:260 arg1 CE 279:280 CE 279:280 CE 279:280 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 4 41 theme organic 1114:1120 arg1 modifier 1122:1129 organic modifier 1114:1129 organic modifier 1114:1129 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 3 42 theme TMA-LA 872:877 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 42 theme TMA-LA 872:877 arg1 system 882:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 6 43 theme chiral 1612:1617 arg1 selectors 1619:1627 conventional chiral selectors 1599:1627 conventional chiral selectors 1599:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 1 44 theme chiral 343:348 arg1 selector 350:357 the sole chiral selector 334:357 the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system 334:407 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 45 theme Chiral 122:127 arg1 ILs 144:146 ILs 144:146 ILs 144:146 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 45 theme Chiral 122:127 arg1 liquids 135:141 Chiral ionic liquids 122:141 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) 122:147 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 6 46 theme new 1526:1528 arg1 direction 1530:1538 a new direction 1524:1538 a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1524:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 0 47 theme liquid 48:53 arg1 selector 62:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector 34:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis 34:119 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 6 48 theme conventional 1599:1610 arg1 selectors 1619:1627 conventional chiral selectors 1599:1627 conventional chiral selectors 1599:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 2 49 theme LA-based 490:497 arg1 IL 499:500 a lactobionic acid LA-based IL 471:500 a lactobionic acid LA-based IL 471:500 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 2 49 theme LA-based 490:497 arg1 tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 503:534 tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 503:534 tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA) 503:543 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 0 50 from saccharides 80:90 arg1 electrophoresis 105:119 capillary electrophoresis 95:119 capillary electrophoresis 95:119 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 0 51 dep selector 62:69 arg1 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 0:31 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 0:31 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 0:31 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 6 52 theme sole 1459:1462 arg1 IL 1438:1439 a saccharide-based IL 1419:1439 a saccharide-based IL 1419:1439 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 6 52 theme sole 1459:1462 arg1 selector 1471:1478 a sole chiral selector 1457:1478 a sole chiral selector in CE 1457:1484 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 0 53 theme ionic 42:46 arg1 selector 62:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector 34:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis 34:119 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 2 54 theme acid 485:488 arg1 IL 499:500 a lactobionic acid LA-based IL 471:500 a lactobionic acid LA-based IL 471:500 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 2 54 theme acid 485:488 arg1 tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 503:534 tetramethylammonium-lactobionate 503:534 tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA) 503:543 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 5 55 theme % 1335:1335 arg1 v/v 1337:1339 40% v/v 1333:1339 40% v/v methanol 1333:1348 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 2 56 theme conventional 653:664 arg1 selector 684:691 a conventional saccharide chiral selector 651:691 a conventional saccharide chiral selector 651:691 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 5 57 theme 40 1309:1310 arg1 mM 1312:1313 mM 1312:1313 mM 1312:1313 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 3 58 theme comparative 731:741 arg1 study 743:747 A comparative study 729:747 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 729:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 5 59 theme applied 1376:1382 arg1 voltage 1384:1390 20 kV applied voltage 1370:1390 20 kV applied voltage 1370:1390 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 1 60 theme ionic 129:133 arg1 ILs 144:146 ILs 144:146 ILs 144:146 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 1 60 theme ionic 129:133 arg1 liquids 135:141 Chiral ionic liquids 122:141 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) 122:147 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 0 61 theme chiral 55:60 arg1 selector 62:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector 34:69 A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis 34:119 Tetramethylammonium-lactobionate: A novel ionic liquid chiral selector based on saccharides in capillary electrophoresis. 25782175 5 62 with buffer 1321:1326 arg1 TMA-LA 1358:1363 200 mM TMA-LA 1351:1363 200 mM TMA-LA 1351:1363 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 5 62 with buffer 1321:1326 arg1 voltage 1384:1390 20 kV applied voltage 1370:1390 20 kV applied voltage 1370:1390 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 5 62 with buffer 1321:1326 arg1 methanol 1341:1348 40% v/v methanol 1333:1348 40% v/v methanol 1333:1348 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 4 63 theme buffer 1132:1137 arg1 composition 1139:1149 buffer composition 1132:1149 buffer composition 1132:1149 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 3 64 theme IL 879:880 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 64 theme IL 879:880 arg1 system 882:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 TMA-LA IL system 872:887 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 65 theme single 815:820 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 65 theme single 815:820 arg1 system 825:830 single LA system 815:830 single LA system 815:830 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 5 66 theme borax 1315:1319 arg1 buffer 1321:1326 a 40 mM borax buffer 1307:1326 a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage 1307:1390 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 5 67 theme mM 1312:1313 arg1 buffer 1321:1326 a 40 mM borax buffer 1307:1326 a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage 1307:1390 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 4 68 theme pH 1155:1156 arg1 proportion 1100:1109 proportion 1100:1109 proportion 1100:1109 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 4 68 theme pH 1155:1156 arg1 type 1091:1094 type 1091:1094 type 1091:1094 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 6 69 theme saccharide-based 1421:1436 arg1 IL 1438:1439 a saccharide-based IL 1419:1439 a saccharide-based IL 1419:1439 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 6 69 theme saccharide-based 1421:1436 arg1 selector 1471:1478 a sole chiral selector 1457:1478 a sole chiral selector in CE 1457:1484 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 3 70 theme LA 822:823 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 70 theme LA 822:823 arg1 system 825:830 single LA system 815:830 single LA system 815:830 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 5 71 dep applied 1376:1382 arg1 kV 1373:1374 kV 1373:1374 kV 1373:1374 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 4 72 theme selector 1166:1173 arg1 concentration 1175:1187 chiral selector concentration 1159:1187 chiral selector concentration 1159:1187 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 5 73 theme best 1255:1258 arg1 enantioseparation 1260:1276 The best enantioseparation 1251:1276 The best enantioseparation 1251:1276 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 4 74 dep type 1091:1094 arg1 the 1087:1089 the 1087:1089 the 1087:1089 A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. 25782175 3 75 theme systems 806:812 arg1 capability 775:784 the enantiorecognition capability 752:784 the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 752:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 76 theme enantiorecognition 756:773 arg1 capability 775:784 the enantiorecognition capability 752:784 the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 752:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 1 77 theme chromatographic 386:400 arg1 system 402:407 a chromatographic system 384:407 a chromatographic system 384:407 Chiral ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused widespread interest in separation science; however, only a few papers have reported the application of chiral ILs in CE for enantioseparation, and the use of chiral ILs as the sole chiral selector in an electrophoretic or a chromatographic system was reported in only three papers. 25782175 6 78 from selector 1471:1478 arg1 CE 1483:1484 CE 1483:1484 CE 1483:1484 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 6 79 theme ILs 1569:1571 arg1 selectors 1580:1588 novel ILs chiral selectors 1563:1588 novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors 1563:1627 It is the first time that a saccharide-based IL is evaluated as a sole chiral selector in CE, and we hope this study would provide a new direction for the development of novel ILs chiral selectors based on conventional chiral selectors. 25782175 2 80 theme chiral 677:682 arg1 selector 684:691 a conventional saccharide chiral selector 651:691 a conventional saccharide chiral selector 651:691 In this study, we designed a lactobionic acid LA-based IL, tetramethylammonium-lactobionate (TMA-LA), and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional saccharide chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. 25782175 5 81 theme 200 1351:1353 arg1 mM 1355:1356 mM 1355:1356 mM 1355:1356 The best enantioseparation was obtained at pH 7.6 using a 40 mM borax buffer with 40% v/v methanol, 200 mM TMA-LA, and 20 kV applied voltage. 25782175 3 82 theme LA 833:834 arg1 systems 806:812 three separation systems 789:812 three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) 789:888 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 25782175 3 82 theme LA 833:834 arg1 system 860:865 LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system 833:865 system 860:865 A comparative study of the enantiorecognition capability of three separation systems (single LA system, LA + TMA-chloride (TMA-Cl) system, and TMA-LA IL system) was also conducted, and the results showed that the use of TMA-LA IL as the sole chiral selector exhibited a remarkable superiority. 29352877 3 0 dep conditions 412:421 arg1 210°C 424:428 210°C 424:428 210°C 424:428 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 5 1 theme pharmaceutical 998:1011 arg1 applications 1022:1033 pharmaceutical and food applications 998:1033 pharmaceutical and food applications 998:1033 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 4 2 theme PS 729:730 arg1 yield 699:703 a global yield 690:703 a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 690:730 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 5 3 with saccharides 850:860 arg1 degrees 885:891 degrees 885:891 degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed 885:1052 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 3 4 attach present 498:504 arg2 saccharides 486:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides 469:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 469:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 3 4 attach present 498:504 arg1 phase 520:524 the liquid phase 509:524 the liquid phase 509:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 4 5 theme oven-dry 720:727 arg1 PS 729:730 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 708:730 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 708:730 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 4 6 theme diafiltration 607:619 arg1 stages 583:588 consecutive stages 571:588 consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration 571:619 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 3 7 theme severity=4.09 431:443 arg1 210°C 424:428 210°C 424:428 210°C 424:428 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 3 8 theme selected 403:410 arg1 conditions 412:421 selected conditions 403:421 selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09) 403:444 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 1 9 link lignin-derived 223:236 arg1 compounds 238:246 lignin-derived compounds 223:246 lignin-derived compounds 223:246 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 2 10 theme chemical 314:321 arg1 composition 323:333 the chemical composition 310:333 the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products 310:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 3 11 theme liquid 513:518 arg1 phase 520:524 the liquid phase 509:524 the liquid phase 509:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 3 12 theme present 498:504 arg1 saccharides 486:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides 469:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 469:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 1 13 theme Peanut 74:79 arg1 shells 81:86 Peanut shells 74:86 Peanut shells 74:86 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 3 14 theme overall 451:457 arg1 saccharides 486:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides 469:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 469:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 3 14 theme overall 451:457 arg1 amount 459:464 the overall amount 447:464 the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 447:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 1 15 theme hemicelluloses 174:187 arg1 breakdown 161:169 the partial breakdown 149:169 the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity 149:277 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 4 16 theme refined 633:639 arg1 product 641:647 a refined product 631:647 a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 631:730 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 3 17 theme poly- 469:473 arg1 saccharides 486:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides 469:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 469:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 5 18 theme reaction 827:834 arg1 products 836:843 the major reaction products 817:843 the major reaction products 817:843 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 5 18 theme reaction 827:834 arg1 saccharides 850:860 saccharides 850:860 saccharides made up of xylose 850:878 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 6 19 theme further 1189:1195 arg1 applications 1197:1208 further applications 1189:1208 further applications 1189:1208 Solubilization of hemicelluloses in the treatments resulted in the production of solids enriched in cellulose and lignin suitable for further applications. 29352877 6 20 from Solubilization 1055:1068 arg1 treatments 1095:1104 the treatments 1091:1104 the treatments 1091:1104 Solubilization of hemicelluloses in the treatments resulted in the production of solids enriched in cellulose and lignin suitable for further applications. 29352877 5 21 theme methylglucuronosyl 949:966 arg1 groups 968:973 acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups 938:973 groups 968:973 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 1 22 theme soluble 194:200 arg1 oligosaccharides 202:217 soluble oligosaccharides 194:217 soluble oligosaccharides 194:217 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 5 23 dep 17 917:918 arg1 to 914:915 to 914:915 to 914:915 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 2 24 theme substrate 342:350 arg1 products 373:380 the substrate and soluble reaction products 338:380 the substrate and soluble reaction products 338:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 2 25 from effects 284:290 arg1 composition 323:333 the chemical composition 310:333 the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products 310:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 4 26 theme global 692:697 arg1 yield 699:703 a global yield 690:703 a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 690:730 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 0 27 theme shells 23:28 arg1 Valorization 0:11 Valorization 0:11 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 0:72 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 29352877 4 28 theme consecutive 571:581 arg1 stages 583:588 consecutive stages 571:588 consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration 571:619 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 1 29 with compounds 238:246 arg1 activity 270:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 3 30 from phase 520:524 arg1 present 498:504 present 498:504 present 498:504 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 6 31 theme suitable 1176:1183 arg1 cellulose 1155:1163 cellulose 1155:1163 cellulose 1155:1163 Solubilization of hemicelluloses in the treatments resulted in the production of solids enriched in cellulose and lignin suitable for further applications. 29352877 3 32 theme saccharides 486:496 arg1 saccharides 486:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides 469:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 469:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 3 32 theme saccharides 486:496 arg1 amount 459:464 the overall amount 447:464 the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 447:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 0 33 theme peanut 16:21 arg1 shells 23:28 peanut shells 16:28 peanut shells 16:28 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 29352877 4 34 theme discontinuous 593:605 arg1 diafiltration 607:619 discontinuous diafiltration 593:619 discontinuous diafiltration 593:619 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 1 35 theme non-isothermal 106:119 arg1 treatments 129:138 non-isothermal aqueous treatments 106:138 non-isothermal aqueous treatments 106:138 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 1 36 theme lignin-derived 223:236 arg1 compounds 238:246 lignin-derived compounds 223:246 lignin-derived compounds 223:246 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 5 37 theme purified 737:744 arg1 products 746:753 The purified products 733:753 The purified products 733:753 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 5 38 theme polymerization 896:909 arg1 degrees 885:891 degrees 885:891 degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed 885:1052 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 4 39 theme oligomers 677:685 arg1 oligomers 677:685 oligomers 677:685 oligomers 677:685 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 4 39 theme oligomers 677:685 arg1 % 672:672 about 72.4wt% 660:672 about 72.4wt% of oligomers 660:685 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 6 40 theme hemicelluloses 1073:1086 arg1 Solubilization 1055:1068 Solubilization 1055:1068 Solubilization of hemicelluloses in the treatments 1055:1104 Solubilization of hemicelluloses in the treatments resulted in the production of solids enriched in cellulose and lignin suitable for further applications. 29352877 3 41 theme oligo- 479:484 arg1 saccharides 486:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides 469:496 poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase 469:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 0 42 theme bioactive 46:54 arg1 oligosaccharides 56:71 bioactive oligosaccharides 46:71 bioactive oligosaccharides 46:71 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 29352877 6 43 theme solids 1136:1141 arg1 production 1122:1131 the production 1118:1131 the production of solids enriched in cellulose and lignin suitable for further applications 1118:1208 Solubilization of hemicelluloses in the treatments resulted in the production of solids enriched in cellulose and lignin suitable for further applications. 29352877 1 44 theme aqueous 121:127 arg1 treatments 129:138 non-isothermal aqueous treatments 106:138 non-isothermal aqueous treatments 106:138 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 5 45 theme major 821:825 arg1 products 836:843 the major reaction products 817:843 the major reaction products 817:843 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 5 45 theme major 821:825 arg1 saccharides 850:860 saccharides 850:860 saccharides made up of xylose 850:878 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 1 46 with oligosaccharides 202:217 arg1 activity 270:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 2 47 theme products 373:380 arg1 composition 323:333 the chemical composition 310:333 the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products 310:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 5 48 theme applications 1022:1033 arg1 number 988:993 a number 986:993 a number of pharmaceutical and food applications 986:1033 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 4 49 contain containing 649:658 arg1 product 641:647 a refined product 631:647 a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 631:730 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 4 49 contain containing 649:658 arg2 oligomers 677:685 oligomers 677:685 oligomers 677:685 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 4 49 contain containing 649:658 arg2 % 672:672 about 72.4wt% 660:672 about 72.4wt% of oligomers 660:685 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 2 50 theme temperature 295:305 arg1 effects 284:290 The effects 280:290 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products 280:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 3 51 from present 498:504 arg1 phase 520:524 the liquid phase 509:524 the liquid phase 509:524 Under selected conditions (210°C, severity=4.09), the overall amount of poly- and oligo- saccharides present in the liquid phase reached 9.8g/L. 29352877 2 52 theme reaction 364:371 arg1 products 373:380 the substrate and soluble reaction products 338:380 the substrate and soluble reaction products 338:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 1 53 theme high 253:256 arg1 activity 270:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 5 54 theme acetyl 938:943 arg1 groups 968:973 acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups 938:973 groups 968:973 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 2 55 theme soluble 356:362 arg1 products 373:380 the substrate and soluble reaction products 338:380 the substrate and soluble reaction products 338:380 The effects of temperature on the chemical composition of the substrate and soluble reaction products were assessed. 29352877 1 56 theme antioxidant 258:268 arg1 activity 270:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 high antioxidant activity 253:277 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 29352877 5 57 theme food 1017:1020 arg1 applications 1022:1033 pharmaceutical and food applications 998:1033 pharmaceutical and food applications 998:1033 The purified products were characterized by HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR, confirming the major reaction products were saccharides made up of xylose with degrees of polymerization up to 17, substituted with acetyl and methylglucuronosyl groups, for which a number of pharmaceutical and food applications have been proposed. 29352877 4 58 theme 8.5kg/100kg 708:718 arg1 PS 729:730 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 708:730 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS 708:730 This solution was refined by consecutive stages of discontinuous diafiltration, yielding a refined product containing about 72.4wt% of oligomers at a global yield of 8.5kg/100kg oven-dry PS. 29352877 0 59 theme oligosaccharides 56:71 arg1 Manufacture 31:41 Manufacture 31:41 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 0:72 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 29352877 0 60 dep Valorization 0:11 arg1 Manufacture 31:41 Manufacture 31:41 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 0:72 Valorization of peanut shells: Manufacture of bioactive oligosaccharides. 29352877 1 61 theme partial 153:159 arg1 breakdown 161:169 the partial breakdown 149:169 the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity 149:277 Peanut shells were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous treatments to cause the partial breakdown of hemicelluloses into soluble oligosaccharides and lignin-derived compounds with high antioxidant activity. 25611588 6 0 dep degradation 922:932 arg1 improving 949:957 improving 949:957 improving 949:957 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 6 0 dep degradation 922:932 arg1 decreasing 934:943 decreasing 934:943 decreasing 934:943 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 9 1 theme decreasing 1221:1230 arg1 viscosity 1232:1240 decreasing viscosity 1221:1240 decreasing viscosity 1221:1240 Rheological analyses revealed decreasing viscosity with the shear rate and G' values in the range 1200-1700 Pa. 25611588 3 2 theme HA 527:528 arg1 fillers 530:536 competitive HA fillers 515:536 competitive HA fillers 515:536 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 1 3 theme 1,4-butandiol 260:272 arg1 BDDGE 292:296 BDDGE 292:296 BDDGE 292:296 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 1 3 theme 1,4-butandiol 260:272 arg1 ether 285:289 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 260:289 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) 260:297 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 10 4 link crosslinked 1384:1394 arg1 particles 1399:1407 crosslinked HA particles 1384:1407 crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers 1384:1450 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 12 5 theme conventional 1635:1646 arg1 procedures 1662:1671 conventional manufacturing procedures 1635:1671 conventional manufacturing procedures 1635:1671 Further, the protocol assessed allowed interesting improvements over conventional manufacturing procedures. 25611588 1 6 theme dermal 161:166 arg1 fillers 168:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers 139:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market 139:208 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 3 7 from improvements 562:573 arg1 process 589:595 production process 578:595 production process 578:595 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 1 8 theme diglycidyl 274:283 arg1 BDDGE 292:296 BDDGE 292:296 BDDGE 292:296 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 1 8 theme diglycidyl 274:283 arg1 ether 285:289 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 260:289 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) 260:297 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 0 9 theme reaction 110:117 arg1 conditions 119:128 heterogeneous reaction conditions 96:128 heterogeneous reaction conditions 96:128 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 2 10 theme Chemical 300:307 arg1 modification 309:320 Chemical modification 300:320 Chemical modification 300:320 Chemical modification is usually performed on the biopolymer dissolved in a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions). 25611588 10 11 theme particles 1399:1407 arg1 attainment 1370:1379 the attainment 1366:1379 the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers 1366:1450 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 4 12 theme reaction 631:638 arg1 accomplishment 640:653 effective reaction accomplishment 621:653 effective reaction accomplishment 621:653 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 0 13 theme heterogeneous 96:108 arg1 conditions 119:128 heterogeneous reaction conditions 96:128 heterogeneous reaction conditions 96:128 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 10 14 theme crosslinked 1384:1394 arg1 particles 1399:1407 crosslinked HA particles 1384:1407 crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers 1384:1450 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 10 15 theme dermal 1437:1442 arg1 fillers 1444:1450 dermal fillers 1437:1450 dermal fillers 1437:1450 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 1 16 theme -based 154:159 arg1 fillers 168:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers 139:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market 139:208 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 10 17 theme in 1327:1328 arg1 characterization 1336:1351 the in vitro characterization 1323:1351 the in vitro characterization 1323:1351 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 4 18 theme effective 621:629 arg1 accomplishment 640:653 effective reaction accomplishment 621:653 effective reaction accomplishment 621:653 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 11 19 theme similar 1487:1493 arg1 products 1510:1517 similar commercialized products 1487:1517 similar commercialized products 1487:1517 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 9 20 theme shear 1251:1255 arg1 rate 1257:1260 the shear rate 1247:1260 the shear rate 1247:1260 Rheological analyses revealed decreasing viscosity with the shear rate and G' values in the range 1200-1700 Pa. 25611588 10 21 dep in 1327:1328 arg1 vitro 1330:1334 vitro 1330:1334 vitro 1330:1334 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 2 22 theme homogeneous 408:418 arg1 medium 400:405 a highly alkaline aqueous medium 374:405 a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions) 374:430 Chemical modification is usually performed on the biopolymer dissolved in a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions). 25611588 2 22 theme homogeneous 408:418 arg1 conditions 420:429 homogeneous conditions 408:429 homogeneous conditions 408:429 Chemical modification is usually performed on the biopolymer dissolved in a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions). 25611588 0 23 theme conditions 119:128 arg1 Exploitation 80:91 Exploitation 80:91 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 0:129 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 6 24 theme enzymatic 912:920 arg1 degradation 922:932 enzymatic degradation 912:932 enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving 912:957 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 3 25 theme potential 552:560 arg1 improvements 562:573 potential improvements 552:573 potential improvements in production process 552:595 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 9 26 dep range 1283:1287 arg1 Pa. 1299:1301 Pa. 1299:1301 Pa. 1299:1301 Rheological analyses revealed decreasing viscosity with the shear rate and G' values in the range 1200-1700 Pa. 25611588 0 27 theme dermal 11:16 arg1 fillers 18:24 Hyaluronan dermal fillers 0:24 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 0:129 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 1 28 theme available 186:194 arg1 fillers 168:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers 139:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market 139:208 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 0 29 theme Hyaluronan 0:9 arg1 fillers 18:24 Hyaluronan dermal fillers 0:24 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 0:129 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 2 30 theme aqueous 392:398 arg1 medium 400:405 a highly alkaline aqueous medium 374:405 a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions) 374:430 Chemical modification is usually performed on the biopolymer dissolved in a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions). 25611588 2 30 theme aqueous 392:398 arg1 conditions 420:429 homogeneous conditions 408:429 homogeneous conditions 408:429 Chemical modification is usually performed on the biopolymer dissolved in a highly alkaline aqueous medium (homogeneous conditions). 25611588 5 31 theme biopolymer 816:825 arg1 insolubility 827:838 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility 803:838 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility 803:838 HA was modified with increasing BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility. 25611588 3 32 theme production 578:587 arg1 process 589:595 production process 578:595 production process 578:595 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 4 33 theme Optimal 598:604 arg1 parameters 606:615 Optimal parameters 598:615 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment 598:653 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 7 34 theme G 1126:1126 arg1 needles 1128:1134 27-29 G needles 1120:1134 27-29 G needles 1120:1134 Once suspended in physiological solution (20 mg/mL), these products directly formed easy-to-extrude gels through 27-29 G needles. 25611588 10 35 theme characterization 1336:1351 arg1 results 1312:1318 results 1312:1318 results of the in vitro characterization 1312:1351 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 5 36 theme 66-74 803:807 arg1 w/w 811:813 w/w 811:813 w/w 811:813 HA was modified with increasing BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility. 25611588 5 36 theme 66-74 803:807 arg1 % 808:808 66-74% 803:808 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility 803:838 HA was modified with increasing BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility. 25611588 11 37 theme commercialized 1495:1508 arg1 products 1510:1517 similar commercialized products 1487:1517 similar commercialized products 1487:1517 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 8 38 theme particle 1141:1148 arg1 dimensions 1150:1159 Gel particle dimensions 1137:1159 Gel particle dimensions 1137:1159 Gel particle dimensions were in the range 10-1000 µm. 25611588 6 39 theme outstanding 886:896 arg1 resistance 898:907 outstanding resistance 886:907 outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving 886:957 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 4 40 dep composition 684:694 arg1 e.g. 671:674 e.g. 671:674 e.g. 671:674 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 3 41 theme HA 462:463 arg1 reaction 465:472 HA reaction 462:472 HA reaction with BDDGE 462:483 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 3 42 theme Heterogeneous 433:445 arg1 conditions 447:456 Heterogeneous conditions 433:456 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE 433:483 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 11 43 theme new 1459:1461 arg1 gels 1463:1466 These new gels 1453:1466 These new gels 1453:1466 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 10 44 theme HA 1396:1397 arg1 particles 1399:1407 crosslinked HA particles 1384:1407 crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers 1384:1450 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 4 45 theme medium 677:682 arg1 composition 684:694 medium composition 677:694 medium composition 677:694 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 0 46 theme diglycidyl 62:71 arg1 ether 73:77 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 48:77 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 48:77 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 11 47 from terms 1522:1526 arg1 superior 1475:1482 superior 1475:1482 superior 1475:1482 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 0 48 with fillers 18:24 arg1 ether 73:77 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 48:77 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 48:77 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 12 49 theme interesting 1605:1615 arg1 improvements 1617:1628 interesting improvements 1605:1628 interesting improvements 1605:1628 Further, the protocol assessed allowed interesting improvements over conventional manufacturing procedures. 25611588 0 50 theme 1,4-butandiol 48:60 arg1 ether 73:77 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 48:77 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 48:77 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 9 51 theme Rheological 1191:1201 arg1 analyses 1203:1210 Rheological analyses 1191:1210 Rheological analyses 1191:1210 Rheological analyses revealed decreasing viscosity with the shear rate and G' values in the range 1200-1700 Pa. 25611588 7 52 theme easy-to-extrude 1091:1105 arg1 gels 1107:1110 easy-to-extrude gels 1091:1110 easy-to-extrude gels 1091:1110 Once suspended in physiological solution (20 mg/mL), these products directly formed easy-to-extrude gels through 27-29 G needles. 25611588 6 53 theme swelling 866:873 arg1 extent 875:880 high swelling extent 861:880 high swelling extent 861:880 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 6 54 theme high 861:864 arg1 extent 875:880 high swelling extent 861:880 high swelling extent 861:880 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 3 55 theme competitive 515:525 arg1 fillers 530:536 competitive HA fillers 515:536 competitive HA fillers 515:536 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 11 56 theme enzymatic 1544:1552 arg1 hydrolysis 1554:1563 enzymatic hydrolysis 1544:1563 enzymatic hydrolysis 1544:1563 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 6 57 theme crosslinking 972:983 arg1 degree 985:990 crosslinking degree 972:990 crosslinking degree 972:990 Hydrogels exhibited high swelling extent and outstanding resistance to enzymatic degradation decreasing and improving according to crosslinking degree, respectively. 25611588 4 58 dep evaluated 660:668 arg1 temperature 697:707 temperature 697:707 temperature 697:707 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 4 58 dep evaluated 660:668 arg1 composition 684:694 medium composition 677:694 medium composition 677:694 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 4 58 dep evaluated 660:668 arg1 time 713:716 time 713:716 time 713:716 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 11 59 from superior 1475:1482 arg1 terms 1522:1526 terms 1522:1526 terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis 1522:1563 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 1 60 theme hyaluronan 139:148 arg1 fillers 168:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers 139:174 hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market 139:208 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 10 61 theme suitable 1409:1416 arg1 particles 1399:1407 crosslinked HA particles 1384:1407 crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers 1384:1450 Overall, results of the in vitro characterization demonstrated the attainment of crosslinked HA particles suitable for application as dermal fillers. 25611588 3 62 with reaction 465:472 arg1 BDDGE 479:483 BDDGE 479:483 BDDGE 479:483 Heterogeneous conditions for HA reaction with BDDGE were exploited here to obtain competitive HA fillers and to assess potential improvements in production process. 25611588 0 63 dep fillers 18:24 arg1 Exploitation 80:91 Exploitation 80:91 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 0:129 Hyaluronan dermal fillers via crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether: Exploitation of heterogeneous reaction conditions. 25611588 1 64 with crosslinking 242:253 arg1 BDDGE 292:296 BDDGE 292:296 BDDGE 292:296 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 1 64 with crosslinking 242:253 arg1 ether 285:289 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether 260:289 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) 260:297 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 11 65 theme stability 1531:1539 arg1 terms 1522:1526 terms 1522:1526 terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis 1522:1563 These new gels proved superior to similar commercialized products in terms of stability to enzymatic hydrolysis. 25611588 1 66 theme biopolymer 231:240 arg1 crosslinking 242:253 biopolymer crosslinking 231:253 biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) 231:297 Most of hyaluronan (HA)-based dermal fillers currently available on the market are produced through biopolymer crosslinking with 1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). 25611588 4 67 theme reaction 721:728 arg1 temperature 697:707 temperature 697:707 temperature 697:707 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 4 67 theme reaction 721:728 arg1 composition 684:694 medium composition 677:694 medium composition 677:694 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 4 67 theme reaction 721:728 arg1 time 713:716 time 713:716 time 713:716 Optimal parameters for effective reaction accomplishment were evaluated (e.g., medium composition, temperature and time of reaction). 25611588 12 68 theme manufacturing 1648:1660 arg1 procedures 1662:1671 conventional manufacturing procedures 1635:1671 conventional manufacturing procedures 1635:1671 Further, the protocol assessed allowed interesting improvements over conventional manufacturing procedures. 25611588 8 69 theme range 1173:1177 arg1 µm 1187:1188 the range 10-1000 µm 1169:1188 the range 10-1000 µm 1169:1188 Gel particle dimensions were in the range 10-1000 µm. 25611588 5 70 theme % 808:808 arg1 insolubility 827:838 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility 803:838 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility 803:838 HA was modified with increasing BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility. 25611588 7 71 theme physiological 1025:1037 arg1 solution 1039:1046 physiological solution 1025:1046 physiological solution (20 mg/mL) 1025:1057 Once suspended in physiological solution (20 mg/mL), these products directly formed easy-to-extrude gels through 27-29 G needles. 25611588 7 71 theme physiological 1025:1037 arg1 mg/mL 1052:1056 20 mg/mL 1049:1056 20 mg/mL 1049:1056 Once suspended in physiological solution (20 mg/mL), these products directly formed easy-to-extrude gels through 27-29 G needles. 25611588 8 72 theme Gel 1137:1139 arg1 dimensions 1150:1159 Gel particle dimensions 1137:1159 Gel particle dimensions 1137:1159 Gel particle dimensions were in the range 10-1000 µm. 25611588 5 73 theme BDDGE/HA 764:771 arg1 equivalents 773:783 BDDGE/HA equivalents 764:783 BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility 764:838 HA was modified with increasing BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility. 25611588 5 73 theme BDDGE/HA 764:771 arg1 % 790:790 7-14% 786:790 7-14% 786:790 HA was modified with increasing BDDGE/HA equivalents (7-14%) achieving 66-74% (w/w) biopolymer insolubility. 25491853 6 0 theme grafted 755:761 arg1 NFC 763:765 grafted NFC 755:765 grafted NFC 755:765 This study proves that it is better to use grafted NFC either alone or for functionalization with TiO2 if anti-bacterial properties are desired. 25491853 4 1 theme bactericidal 609:620 arg1 properties 622:631 bactericidal properties 609:631 bactericidal properties 609:631 All the grafted samples displayed promising results with at least bacteriostatic effect or bactericidal properties. 25491853 6 2 with functionalization 787:803 arg1 TiO2 810:813 TiO2 810:813 TiO2 810:813 This study proves that it is better to use grafted NFC either alone or for functionalization with TiO2 if anti-bacterial properties are desired. 25491853 5 3 theme TiO2 706:709 arg1 effect 696:701 the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect 662:701 the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect of TiO2 662:709 They also strongly enhanced the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect of TiO2. 25491853 1 4 theme chemical 184:191 arg1 strategies 214:223 three chemical surface modification strategies 178:223 three chemical surface modification strategies 178:223 Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and their derivatives were prepared using three chemical surface modification strategies. 25491853 4 5 theme grafted 526:532 arg1 samples 534:540 All the grafted samples 518:540 All the grafted samples 518:540 All the grafted samples displayed promising results with at least bacteriostatic effect or bactericidal properties. 25491853 8 6 theme present 1030:1036 arg1 work 1038:1041 the present work 1026:1041 the present work 1026:1041 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work did not negatively influence this valuable property of cellulose but help for monitoring this property, which could be very useful for paper, packaging and composites. 25491853 7 7 theme different 919:927 arg1 conditions 944:953 different biodegradation conditions 919:953 different biodegradation conditions 919:953 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 8 8 theme cellulose 1098:1106 arg1 property 1086:1093 this valuable property 1072:1093 this valuable property of cellulose 1072:1106 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work did not negatively influence this valuable property of cellulose but help for monitoring this property, which could be very useful for paper, packaging and composites. 25491853 3 9 theme grafted 382:388 arg1 samples 390:396 grafted samples 382:396 grafted samples 382:396 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 1 10 theme surface 193:199 arg1 strategies 214:223 three chemical surface modification strategies 178:223 three chemical surface modification strategies 178:223 Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and their derivatives were prepared using three chemical surface modification strategies. 25491853 3 11 theme samples 390:396 arg1 activities 359:368 Antibacterial activities 345:368 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples 345:396 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 5 12 theme photo-catalytic 666:680 arg1 effect 696:701 the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect 662:701 the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect of TiO2 662:709 They also strongly enhanced the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect of TiO2. 25491853 1 13 theme Nanofibrillated 104:118 arg1 NFC 131:133 NFC 131:133 NFC 131:133 Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and their derivatives were prepared using three chemical surface modification strategies. 25491853 1 13 theme Nanofibrillated 104:118 arg1 cellulose 120:128 Nanofibrillated cellulose 104:128 Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 104:134 Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and their derivatives were prepared using three chemical surface modification strategies. 25491853 1 14 theme modification 201:212 arg1 strategies 214:223 three chemical surface modification strategies 178:223 three chemical surface modification strategies 178:223 Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and their derivatives were prepared using three chemical surface modification strategies. 25491853 5 15 theme antimicrobial 682:694 arg1 effect 696:701 the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect 662:701 the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect of TiO2 662:709 They also strongly enhanced the photo-catalytic antimicrobial effect of TiO2. 25491853 6 16 theme anti-bacterial 818:831 arg1 properties 833:842 anti-bacterial properties 818:842 anti-bacterial properties 818:842 This study proves that it is better to use grafted NFC either alone or for functionalization with TiO2 if anti-bacterial properties are desired. 25491853 0 17 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 activity 14:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity and biodegradability assessment of chemically grafted nanofibrillated cellulose. 25491853 3 18 dep Gram+ 452:456 arg1 aureus 474:479 Staphylococcus aureus 459:479 Staphylococcus aureus 459:479 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 3 18 dep Gram+ 452:456 arg1 i.e. 447:450 i.e. 447:450 i.e. 447:450 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 6 19 dep use 751:753 arg1 either 767:772 either 767:772 either 767:772 This study proves that it is better to use grafted NFC either alone or for functionalization with TiO2 if anti-bacterial properties are desired. 25491853 6 19 dep use 751:753 arg1 functionalization 787:803 functionalization 787:803 functionalization with TiO2 787:813 This study proves that it is better to use grafted NFC either alone or for functionalization with TiO2 if anti-bacterial properties are desired. 25491853 7 20 from environments 959:970 arg1 backbone 871:878 The cellulose backbone 857:878 The cellulose backbone 857:878 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 7 20 from environments 959:970 arg1 biodegradable 902:914 biodegradable 902:914 biodegradable 902:914 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 0 21 theme biodegradability 27:42 arg1 assessment 44:53 biodegradability assessment 27:53 biodegradability assessment 27:53 Antibacterial activity and biodegradability assessment of chemically grafted nanofibrillated cellulose. 25491853 8 22 theme valuable 1077:1084 arg1 property 1086:1093 this valuable property 1072:1093 this valuable property of cellulose 1072:1106 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work did not negatively influence this valuable property of cellulose but help for monitoring this property, which could be very useful for paper, packaging and composites. 25491853 2 23 theme grafting 335:342 arg1 efficiency 321:330 the efficiency 317:330 the efficiency of grafting 317:342 All grafting was characterized by FTIR and contact angle measurements in order to evaluate the efficiency of grafting. 25491853 7 24 theme cellulose 861:869 arg1 backbone 871:878 The cellulose backbone 857:878 The cellulose backbone 857:878 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 7 24 theme cellulose 861:869 arg1 biodegradable 902:914 biodegradable 902:914 biodegradable 902:914 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 3 25 theme Klebsiella 493:502 arg1 pneumoniae 504:513 Klebsiella pneumoniae 493:513 Klebsiella pneumoniae 493:513 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 4 26 theme bacteriostatic 584:597 arg1 effect 599:604 at least bacteriostatic effect 575:604 at least bacteriostatic effect 575:604 All the grafted samples displayed promising results with at least bacteriostatic effect or bactericidal properties. 25491853 2 27 theme contact 269:275 arg1 measurements 283:294 contact angle measurements 269:294 contact angle measurements 269:294 All grafting was characterized by FTIR and contact angle measurements in order to evaluate the efficiency of grafting. 25491853 8 28 from NFC 1019:1021 arg1 work 1038:1041 the present work 1026:1041 the present work 1026:1041 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work did not negatively influence this valuable property of cellulose but help for monitoring this property, which could be very useful for paper, packaging and composites. 25491853 4 29 theme promising 552:560 arg1 results 562:568 promising results 552:568 promising results 552:568 All the grafted samples displayed promising results with at least bacteriostatic effect or bactericidal properties. 25491853 8 30 theme surface 986:992 arg1 modifications 994:1006 The chemical surface modifications 973:1006 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work 973:1041 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work did not negatively influence this valuable property of cellulose but help for monitoring this property, which could be very useful for paper, packaging and composites. 25491853 0 31 theme grafted 69:75 arg1 activity 14:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity and biodegradability assessment of chemically grafted nanofibrillated cellulose. 25491853 0 31 theme grafted 69:75 arg1 assessment 44:53 biodegradability assessment 27:53 biodegradability assessment 27:53 Antibacterial activity and biodegradability assessment of chemically grafted nanofibrillated cellulose. 25491853 8 32 theme chemical 977:984 arg1 modifications 994:1006 The chemical surface modifications 973:1006 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work 973:1041 The chemical surface modifications applied on NFC in the present work did not negatively influence this valuable property of cellulose but help for monitoring this property, which could be very useful for paper, packaging and composites. 25491853 3 33 theme Antibacterial 345:357 arg1 activities 359:368 Antibacterial activities 345:368 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples 345:396 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 7 34 from biodegradable 902:914 arg1 environments 959:970 environments 959:970 environments 959:970 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 7 34 from biodegradable 902:914 arg1 conditions 944:953 different biodegradation conditions 919:953 different biodegradation conditions 919:953 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 7 35 from conditions 944:953 arg1 backbone 871:878 The cellulose backbone 857:878 The cellulose backbone 857:878 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 7 35 from conditions 944:953 arg1 biodegradable 902:914 biodegradable 902:914 biodegradable 902:914 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 25491853 3 36 dep Gram- 486:490 arg1 pneumoniae 504:513 Klebsiella pneumoniae 493:513 Klebsiella pneumoniae 493:513 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 3 37 theme neat 373:376 arg1 activities 359:368 Antibacterial activities 345:368 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples 345:396 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 6 38 dep either 767:772 arg1 alone 774:778 alone 774:778 alone 774:778 This study proves that it is better to use grafted NFC either alone or for functionalization with TiO2 if anti-bacterial properties are desired. 25491853 3 39 theme bacteria 437:444 arg1 kinds 428:432 two kinds 424:432 two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)) 424:515 Antibacterial activities of neat and grafted samples were investigated against two kinds of bacteria (i.e. Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram- (Klebsiella pneumoniae)). 25491853 2 40 theme angle 277:281 arg1 measurements 283:294 contact angle measurements 269:294 contact angle measurements 269:294 All grafting was characterized by FTIR and contact angle measurements in order to evaluate the efficiency of grafting. 25491853 7 41 theme biodegradation 929:942 arg1 conditions 944:953 different biodegradation conditions 919:953 different biodegradation conditions 919:953 The cellulose backbone is known to be easily biodegradable in different biodegradation conditions and environments. 26256330 5 0 theme radical 676:682 arg1 scavenging 684:693 free radical scavenging 671:693 excellent free radical scavenging activity 661:702 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity. 26256330 1 1 theme stable 142:147 arg1 AgNPs 171:175 AgNPs 171:175 AgNPs 171:175 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 1 1 theme stable 142:147 arg1 nanoparticles 156:168 highly stable silver nanoparticles 135:168 highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 135:176 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 5 2 theme scavenging 684:693 arg1 activity 695:702 excellent free radical scavenging activity 661:702 excellent free radical scavenging activity 661:702 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity. 26256330 1 3 theme silver 149:154 arg1 AgNPs 171:175 AgNPs 171:175 AgNPs 171:175 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 1 3 theme silver 149:154 arg1 nanoparticles 156:168 highly stable silver nanoparticles 135:168 highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 135:176 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 5 4 theme synthesized 627:637 arg1 AgNPs 648:652 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs 623:652 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs 623:652 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity. 26256330 1 5 dep agent 252:256 arg1 both 220:223 both 220:223 both 220:223 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 7 6 theme AgNPs 864:868 arg1 potential 838:846 The biomedical potential 823:846 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs 823:868 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs was demonstrated by dissolution of preformed blood clots. 26256330 4 7 dep 45 616:617 arg1 to 613:614 to 613:614 to 613:614 The nanoparticles were polydispersed with the size ranging from 20 to 45 nm. 26256330 1 8 theme reducing 227:234 arg1 biopolymer 199:208 a biopolymer 197:208 a biopolymer 197:208 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 1 8 theme reducing 227:234 arg1 agent 252:256 both a reducing and stabilizing agent 220:256 agent 252:256 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 9 theme reducing 81:88 arg1 xylan 70:74 wheat bran xylan 59:74 wheat bran xylan 59:74 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 9 theme reducing 81:88 arg1 agent 106:110 a reducing and stabilizing agent 79:110 a reducing and stabilizing agent 79:110 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 6 10 theme plate 810:814 arg1 assay 816:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 6 11 theme WB-xylan 718:725 arg1 AgNPs 727:731 WB-xylan AgNPs 718:731 WB-xylan AgNPs 718:731 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 6 12 theme fibrin 803:808 arg1 assay 816:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 8 13 theme xylan-metal 974:984 arg1 composite 999:1007 xylan-metal nanoparticle composite 974:1007 xylan-metal nanoparticle composite 974:1007 These results suggest that the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite would be feasible to treat thrombus related diseases. 26256330 1 14 theme nanoparticles 156:168 arg1 synthesis 122:130 A facile synthesis 113:130 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 113:176 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 15 theme stabilizing 94:104 arg1 xylan 70:74 wheat bran xylan 59:74 wheat bran xylan 59:74 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 15 theme stabilizing 94:104 arg1 agent 106:110 a reducing and stabilizing agent 79:110 a reducing and stabilizing agent 79:110 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 2 16 theme acid 394:397 arg1 assay 399:403 dinitrosalicylic acid assay 377:403 dinitrosalicylic acid assay 377:403 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 6 17 theme clearance 790:798 arg1 zone 782:785 the zone 778:785 the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay 778:820 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 8 18 theme composite 999:1007 arg1 feasible 1018:1025 feasible 1018:1025 feasible 1018:1025 These results suggest that the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite would be feasible to treat thrombus related diseases. 26256330 8 18 theme composite 999:1007 arg1 development 959:969 the development 955:969 the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite 955:1007 These results suggest that the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite would be feasible to treat thrombus related diseases. 26256330 5 19 theme excellent 661:669 arg1 activity 695:702 excellent free radical scavenging activity 661:702 excellent free radical scavenging activity 661:702 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity. 26256330 2 20 theme waste 283:287 arg1 biomass 289:295 waste biomass 283:295 waste biomass 283:295 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 20 theme waste 283:287 arg1 bran 304:307 wheat bran 298:307 wheat bran (WB) 298:312 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 21 theme dinitrosalicylic 377:392 arg1 assay 399:403 dinitrosalicylic acid assay 377:403 dinitrosalicylic acid assay 377:403 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 1 22 theme stabilizing 240:250 arg1 biopolymer 199:208 a biopolymer 197:208 a biopolymer 197:208 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 1 22 theme stabilizing 240:250 arg1 agent 252:256 both a reducing and stabilizing agent 220:256 agent 252:256 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 8 23 theme nanoparticle 986:997 arg1 composite 999:1007 xylan-metal nanoparticle composite 974:1007 xylan-metal nanoparticle composite 974:1007 These results suggest that the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite would be feasible to treat thrombus related diseases. 26256330 2 24 theme alkaline 317:324 arg1 treatment 326:334 alkaline treatment 317:334 alkaline treatment 317:334 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 0 25 theme active 26:31 arg1 nanoparticle 40:51 fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 13:51 fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 13:51 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 26 theme fibrinolytic 13:24 arg1 nanoparticle 40:51 fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 13:51 fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 13:51 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 3 27 theme synthesized 440:450 arg1 nanoparticles 452:464 The synthesized nanoparticles 436:464 The synthesized nanoparticles 436:464 The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26256330 0 28 theme nanoparticle 40:51 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 0:51 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 2 29 attach isolated 269:276 arg1 biomass 289:295 waste biomass 283:295 waste biomass 283:295 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 29 attach isolated 269:276 arg1 bran 304:307 wheat bran 298:307 wheat bran (WB) 298:312 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 29 attach isolated 269:276 arg2 Xylan 259:263 Xylan 259:263 Xylan 259:263 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 30 theme C 429:429 arg1 NMR 431:433 (13)C NMR 425:433 (13)C NMR 425:433 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 3 31 theme UV-Vis 488:493 arg1 spectroscopy 495:506 UV-Vis spectroscopy 488:506 UV-Vis spectroscopy 488:506 The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26256330 6 32 from clearance 790:798 arg1 assay 816:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 0 33 theme silver 33:38 arg1 nanoparticle 40:51 fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 13:51 fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle 13:51 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 34 theme wheat 59:63 arg1 bran 65:68 wheat bran 59:68 wheat bran xylan 59:74 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 8 35 theme thrombus 1036:1043 arg1 diseases 1053:1060 thrombus related diseases 1036:1060 thrombus related diseases 1036:1060 These results suggest that the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite would be feasible to treat thrombus related diseases. 26256330 4 36 with polydispersed 569:581 arg1 size 592:595 the size 588:595 the size ranging from 20 to 45 nm 588:620 The nanoparticles were polydispersed with the size ranging from 20 to 45 nm. 26256330 7 37 theme clots 921:925 arg1 dissolution 890:900 dissolution 890:900 dissolution of preformed blood clots 890:925 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs was demonstrated by dissolution of preformed blood clots. 26256330 2 38 theme wheat 298:302 arg1 WB 310:311 WB 310:311 WB 310:311 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 38 theme wheat 298:302 arg1 biomass 289:295 waste biomass 283:295 waste biomass 283:295 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 2 38 theme wheat 298:302 arg1 bran 304:307 wheat bran 298:307 wheat bran (WB) 298:312 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 6 39 from assay 816:820 arg1 zone 782:785 the zone 778:785 the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay 778:820 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 3 40 theme electron 525:532 arg1 microscopy 534:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26256330 5 41 theme free 671:674 arg1 scavenging 684:693 free radical scavenging 671:693 excellent free radical scavenging activity 661:702 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity. 26256330 1 42 theme facile 115:120 arg1 synthesis 122:130 A facile synthesis 113:130 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 113:176 A facile synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported using a biopolymer, xylan as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 6 43 from zone 782:785 arg1 assay 816:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 fibrin plate assay 803:820 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 8 44 theme related 1045:1051 arg1 diseases 1053:1060 thrombus related diseases 1036:1060 thrombus related diseases 1036:1060 These results suggest that the development of xylan-metal nanoparticle composite would be feasible to treat thrombus related diseases. 26256330 7 45 theme preformed 905:913 arg1 clots 921:925 preformed blood clots 905:925 preformed blood clots 905:925 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs was demonstrated by dissolution of preformed blood clots. 26256330 7 46 theme WB-xylan 855:862 arg1 AgNPs 864:868 the WB-xylan AgNPs 851:868 the WB-xylan AgNPs 851:868 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs was demonstrated by dissolution of preformed blood clots. 26256330 2 47 theme H 415:415 arg1 NMR 417:419 (1)H NMR 412:419 (1)H NMR 412:419 Xylan was isolated from waste biomass, wheat bran (WB) by alkaline treatment and was characterized by Fehling's test, dinitrosalicylic acid assay, FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. 26256330 6 48 theme fibrinolytic 740:751 arg1 activity 753:760 fibrinolytic activity 740:760 fibrinolytic activity 740:760 In addition, WB-xylan AgNPs showed fibrinolytic activity as evidenced by the zone of clearance in fibrin plate assay. 26256330 7 49 theme blood 915:919 arg1 clots 921:925 preformed blood clots 905:925 preformed blood clots 905:925 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs was demonstrated by dissolution of preformed blood clots. 26256330 7 50 theme biomedical 827:836 arg1 potential 838:846 The biomedical potential 823:846 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs 823:868 The biomedical potential of the WB-xylan AgNPs was demonstrated by dissolution of preformed blood clots. 26256330 0 51 theme bran 65:68 arg1 xylan 70:74 wheat bran xylan 59:74 wheat bran xylan 59:74 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 0 51 theme bran 65:68 arg1 agent 106:110 a reducing and stabilizing agent 79:110 a reducing and stabilizing agent 79:110 Synthesis of fibrinolytic active silver nanoparticle using wheat bran xylan as a reducing and stabilizing agent. 26256330 3 52 theme transmission 512:523 arg1 microscopy 534:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26256330 5 53 theme WB-xylan 639:646 arg1 AgNPs 648:652 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs 623:652 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs 623:652 The synthesized WB-xylan AgNPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity. 25686980 6 0 theme new 1056:1058 arg1 insights 1060:1067 new insights 1056:1067 new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization 1056:1107 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 4 1 theme phosphorylated 829:842 arg1 nanofibers 847:856 phosphorylated BC nanofibers 829:856 phosphorylated BC nanofibers 829:856 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 1 theme phosphorylated 829:842 arg1 templates 867:875 the templates 863:875 the templates 863:875 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 1 2 theme nanosized 165:173 arg1 substrates 175:184 nanosized substrates 165:184 nanosized substrates 165:184 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 1 3 from Studies 106:112 arg1 formation 152:160 the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation 117:160 the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates 117:184 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 5 4 theme precursor 912:920 arg1 formation 891:899 the formation 887:899 the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process 887:951 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 6 5 theme novel 1144:1148 arg1 materials 1177:1185 novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1144:1185 novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1144:1185 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 3 6 from influence 488:496 arg1 formation 542:550 the formation 538:550 the formation of Ca-P minerals 538:567 In addition, the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals was determined. 25686980 3 7 theme coating 513:519 arg1 influence 488:496 the influence 484:496 the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals 484:567 In addition, the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals was determined. 25686980 6 8 theme mineralization 1094:1107 arg1 mechanisms 1080:1089 basic mechanisms 1074:1089 basic mechanisms of mineralization 1074:1107 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 3 9 theme nanofibers 524:533 arg1 coating 513:519 the surface coating 501:519 the surface coating of nanofibers 501:533 In addition, the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals was determined. 25686980 1 10 from formation 152:160 arg1 substrates 175:184 nanosized substrates 165:184 nanosized substrates 165:184 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 2 11 theme -based 346:351 arg1 nanofibers 353:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 4 12 theme calcium 682:688 arg1 ACP 667:669 ACP 667:669 ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates 667:875 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 12 theme calcium 682:688 arg1 phosphate 690:698 amorphous calcium phosphate 672:698 amorphous calcium phosphate 672:698 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 2 13 theme BC 343:344 arg1 nanofibers 353:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 2 14 theme in 284:285 arg1 formation 292:300 in situ formation 284:300 in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 284:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 2 15 theme structure 439:447 arg1 spectroscopy 457:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 0 16 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 phosphate 27:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate 0:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate 0:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 0 17 theme controlled 8:17 arg1 phosphate 27:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate 0:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate 0:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 0 18 from formation 37:45 arg1 nanofibers 94:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 2 19 theme absorption 418:427 arg1 spectroscopy 457:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 6 20 theme basic 1074:1078 arg1 mechanisms 1080:1089 basic mechanisms 1074:1089 basic mechanisms of mineralization 1074:1107 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 2 21 theme minerals 310:317 arg1 formation 292:300 in situ formation 284:300 in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 284:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 2 22 theme X-ray 412:416 arg1 spectroscopy 457:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 4 23 theme octacalcium 764:774 arg1 OCP 759:761 then OCP 754:761 then OCP (octacalcium phosphate) 754:785 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 23 theme octacalcium 764:774 arg1 phosphate 776:784 octacalcium phosphate 764:784 octacalcium phosphate 764:784 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 2 24 theme Ca-P 305:308 arg1 minerals 310:317 Ca-P minerals 305:317 Ca-P minerals 305:317 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 0 25 theme calcium 19:25 arg1 phosphate 27:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate 0:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate 0:35 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 4 26 theme β-tricalcium 729:740 arg1 TCP 724:726 TCP 724:726 TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate) 724:751 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 26 theme β-tricalcium 729:740 arg1 phosphate 742:750 β-tricalcium phosphate 729:750 β-tricalcium phosphate 729:750 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 5 27 theme material 999:1006 arg1 nature 977:982 the nature 973:982 the nature of the coating material 973:1006 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 1 28 theme calcium 127:133 arg1 Ca-P 146:149 Ca-P 146:149 Ca-P 146:149 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 1 28 theme calcium 127:133 arg1 phosphate 135:143 early calcium phosphate 121:143 the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates 117:184 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 4 29 theme XRD 599:601 arg1 analysis 603:610 XRD analysis 599:610 XRD analysis 599:610 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 30 theme XANES 613:617 arg1 results 619:625 XANES results 613:625 XANES results 613:625 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 3 31 theme minerals 560:567 arg1 formation 542:550 the formation 538:550 the formation of Ca-P minerals 538:567 In addition, the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals was determined. 25686980 1 32 theme biomineralization 217:233 arg1 mechanisms 235:244 the biomineralization mechanisms 213:244 the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level 213:267 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 2 33 theme XANES 450:454 arg1 spectroscopy 457:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 5 34 theme nanofibrous 1011:1021 arg1 templates 1023:1031 nanofibrous templates 1011:1031 nanofibrous templates 1011:1031 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 2 35 theme first 390:394 arg1 time 396:399 the first time 386:399 the first time 386:399 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 0 36 theme bacterial 68:76 arg1 nanofibers 94:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 6 37 theme materials 1177:1185 arg1 development 1129:1139 the development 1125:1139 the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1125:1185 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 4 38 theme BC 844:845 arg1 nanofibers 847:856 phosphorylated BC nanofibers 829:856 phosphorylated BC nanofibers 829:856 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 38 theme BC 844:845 arg1 templates 867:875 the templates 863:875 the templates 863:875 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 1 39 theme phosphate 135:143 arg1 formation 152:160 the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation 117:160 the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates 117:184 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 0 40 theme three-dimensional 50:66 arg1 nanofibers 94:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 1 41 from level 263:267 arg1 mechanisms 235:244 the biomineralization mechanisms 213:244 the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level 213:267 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 3 42 theme Ca-P 555:558 arg1 minerals 560:567 Ca-P minerals 555:567 Ca-P minerals 555:567 In addition, the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals was determined. 25686980 6 43 theme nanostructured 1162:1175 arg1 materials 1177:1185 novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1144:1185 novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1144:1185 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 4 44 theme amorphous 672:680 arg1 ACP 667:669 ACP 667:669 ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates 667:875 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 44 theme amorphous 672:680 arg1 phosphate 690:698 amorphous calcium phosphate 672:698 amorphous calcium phosphate 672:698 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 6 45 theme bioinspired 1150:1160 arg1 materials 1177:1185 novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1144:1185 novel bioinspired nanostructured materials 1144:1185 These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bioinspired nanostructured materials. 25686980 4 46 theme nascent 645:651 arg1 ACP 667:669 ACP 667:669 ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates 667:875 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 4 46 theme nascent 645:651 arg1 precursor 653:661 the nascent precursor 641:661 the nascent precursor 641:661 Combined with XRD analysis, XANES results revealed that the nascent precursor was ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) which was converted to TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), then OCP (octacalcium phosphate), and finally to HAP (hydroxyapatite) when phosphorylated BC nanofibers were the templates. 25686980 2 47 theme cellulose 332:340 arg1 nanofibers 353:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 1 48 theme early 121:125 arg1 Ca-P 146:149 Ca-P 146:149 Ca-P 146:149 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 1 48 theme early 121:125 arg1 phosphate 135:143 early calcium phosphate 121:143 the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates 117:184 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 3 49 theme surface 505:511 arg1 coating 513:519 the surface coating 501:519 the surface coating of nanofibers 501:533 In addition, the influence of the surface coating of nanofibers on the formation of Ca-P minerals was determined. 25686980 5 50 theme nascent 904:910 arg1 precursor 912:920 nascent precursor 904:920 nascent precursor 904:920 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 2 51 theme bacterial 322:330 arg1 nanofibers 353:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 2 52 from formation 292:300 arg1 nanofibers 353:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers 322:362 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 5 53 theme coating 991:997 arg1 material 999:1006 the coating material 987:1006 the coating material 987:1006 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 5 54 theme transformation 930:943 arg1 process 945:951 its transformation process 926:951 its transformation process 926:951 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 2 55 dep in 284:285 arg1 situ 287:290 situ 287:290 situ 287:290 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 25686980 1 56 theme molecular 253:261 arg1 level 263:267 the molecular level 249:267 the molecular level 249:267 Studies on the early calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation on nanosized substrates may allow us to understand the biomineralization mechanisms at the molecular level. 25686980 0 57 theme cellulose-based 78:92 arg1 nanofibers 94:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers 50:103 Surface controlled calcium phosphate formation on three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-based nanofibers. 25686980 5 58 theme process 945:951 arg1 formation 891:899 the formation 887:899 the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process 887:951 However, the formation of nascent precursor and its transformation process varied depending on the nature of the coating material on nanofibrous templates. 25686980 2 59 theme near-edge 429:437 arg1 spectroscopy 457:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy 408:468 In this work, in situ formation of Ca-P minerals on bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofibers was investigated, for the first time, using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 27561516 2 0 theme rod-like 460:467 arg1 nanocrystals 479:490 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 460:490 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 460:490 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 2 1 theme chemical 553:560 arg1 methods 562:568 mechanical and chemical methods 538:568 mechanical and chemical methods 538:568 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 2 2 theme Cottonseed 343:352 arg1 hulls 354:358 Cottonseed hulls 343:358 Cottonseed hulls 343:358 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 2 3 theme mechanical 538:547 arg1 methods 562:568 mechanical and chemical methods 538:568 mechanical and chemical methods 538:568 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 0 4 from influence 14:22 arg1 hulls 73:77 cottonseed hulls 62:77 cottonseed hulls 62:77 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 0 4 from influence 14:22 arg1 properties 94:103 rheological properties 82:103 rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 82:139 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 5 5 theme morphology 929:938 arg1 importance 912:921 the importance 908:921 the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN 908:1008 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 1 6 dep CN 293:294 arg1 suspensions 330:340 suspensions 330:340 suspensions 330:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 5 7 theme concentration 956:968 arg1 importance 912:921 the importance 908:921 the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN 908:1008 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 1 8 theme rheological 267:277 arg1 properties 279:288 rheological properties 267:288 rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions 267:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 0 9 theme rheological 82:92 arg1 properties 94:103 rheological properties 82:103 rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 82:139 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 3 10 theme particle 694:701 arg1 morphology 703:712 particle morphology 694:712 particle morphology 694:712 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 4 11 theme rheology 866:873 arg1 behaviors 875:883 their rheology behaviors 860:883 their rheology behaviors 860:883 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 0 12 theme polyvinyl 108:116 arg1 suspensions 129:139 polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 108:139 polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 108:139 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 5 13 theme PVA/CN 1099:1104 arg1 systems 1117:1123 PVA/CN suspension systems 1099:1123 PVA/CN suspension systems 1099:1123 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 4 14 theme main 831:834 arg1 factors 836:842 three main factors 825:842 three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors 825:883 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 15 theme PVA/CN 752:757 arg1 suspension 759:768 PVA/CN suspension 752:768 PVA/CN suspension 752:768 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 5 16 theme rheological 977:987 arg1 properties 989:998 the rheological properties 973:998 the rheological properties of PVA/CN 973:1008 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 2 17 theme first 378:382 arg1 time 384:387 the first time 374:387 the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods 374:568 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 5 18 theme suspension 1106:1115 arg1 systems 1117:1123 PVA/CN suspension systems 1099:1123 PVA/CN suspension systems 1099:1123 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 2 19 theme CNs 415:417 arg1 types 406:410 three types 400:410 three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles 400:528 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 2 20 theme spherical 496:504 arg1 nanoparticles 516:528 spherical cellulose nanoparticles 496:528 spherical cellulose nanoparticles 496:528 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 5 21 theme PVA/CN 1003:1008 arg1 properties 989:998 the rheological properties 973:998 the rheological properties of PVA/CN 973:1008 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 3 22 theme Rheology 571:578 arg1 results 580:586 Rheology results 571:586 Rheology results 571:586 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 1 23 theme cellulose 186:194 arg1 CNs 211:213 CNs 211:213 CNs 211:213 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 1 23 theme cellulose 186:194 arg1 nanoparticles 196:208 cellulose nanoparticles 186:208 cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies 186:242 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 0 24 theme Morphological 0:12 arg1 influence 14:22 Morphological influence 0:22 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 0:140 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 1 25 theme nanoparticles 196:208 arg1 isolation 173:181 the isolation 169:181 the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies 169:242 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 1 25 theme nanoparticles 196:208 arg1 influence 254:262 their influence 248:262 their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions 248:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 0 26 theme cellulose 27:35 arg1 CNs 52:54 CNs 52:54 CNs 52:54 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 0 26 theme cellulose 27:35 arg1 nanoparticles 37:49 cellulose nanoparticles 27:49 cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls 27:77 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 1 27 theme CN 293:294 arg1 properties 279:288 rheological properties 267:288 rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions 267:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 0 28 theme suspensions 129:139 arg1 properties 94:103 rheological properties 82:103 rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 82:139 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 5 29 from importance 912:921 arg1 properties 989:998 the rheological properties 973:998 the rheological properties of PVA/CN 973:1008 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 5 30 theme composition 944:954 arg1 concentration 956:968 composition concentration 944:968 composition concentration 944:968 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 0 31 theme alcohol/CN 118:127 arg1 suspensions 129:139 polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 108:139 polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions 108:139 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 4 32 theme suspension 759:768 arg1 ratio 801:805 weight ratio 794:805 weight ratio of CN to PVA 794:818 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 32 theme suspension 759:768 arg1 morphology 771:780 morphology 771:780 morphology of CNs 771:787 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 32 theme suspension 759:768 arg1 concentration 735:747 concentration 735:747 concentration of PVA/CN suspension 735:768 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 1 33 theme CN-poly 300:306 arg1 properties 279:288 rheological properties 267:288 rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions 267:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 1 34 from influence 254:262 arg1 properties 279:288 rheological properties 267:288 rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions 267:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 0 35 from hulls 73:77 arg1 CNs 52:54 CNs 52:54 CNs 52:54 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 0 35 from hulls 73:77 arg1 influence 14:22 Morphological influence 0:22 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 0:140 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 0 35 from hulls 73:77 arg1 nanoparticles 37:49 cellulose nanoparticles 27:49 cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls 27:77 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 5 36 theme new 1021:1023 arg1 insight 1025:1031 new insight 1021:1031 new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems 1021:1123 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 0 37 theme nanoparticles 37:49 arg1 influence 14:22 Morphological influence 0:22 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 0:140 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 2 38 theme cellulose 438:446 arg1 nanofibers 448:457 fibrous cellulose nanofibers 430:457 fibrous cellulose nanofibers 430:457 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 3 39 theme suspensions 635:645 arg1 dependent 660:668 dependent 660:668 dependent 660:668 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 3 39 theme suspensions 635:645 arg1 behavior 616:623 the rheological behavior 600:623 the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions 600:645 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 2 40 dep time 384:387 arg1 extract 392:398 extract 392:398 extract 392:398 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 2 41 theme fibrous 430:436 arg1 nanofibers 448:457 fibrous cellulose nanofibers 430:457 fibrous cellulose nanofibers 430:457 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 1 42 theme vinyl 309:313 arg1 CN-poly 300:306 CN-poly 300:306 CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 300:328 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 1 42 theme vinyl 309:313 arg1 alcohol 315:321 vinyl alcohol 309:321 vinyl alcohol 309:321 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 5 43 theme base 1091:1094 arg1 hydrogels 1063:1071 high performance hydrogels 1046:1071 high performance hydrogels 1046:1071 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 1 44 with nanoparticles 196:208 arg1 morphologies 231:242 different morphologies 221:242 different morphologies 221:242 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 5 45 theme high 1046:1049 arg1 hydrogels 1063:1071 high performance hydrogels 1046:1071 high performance hydrogels 1046:1071 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 4 46 theme PVA/CN 719:724 arg1 systems 726:732 PVA/CN systems 719:732 PVA/CN systems 719:732 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 47 theme CN 810:811 arg1 ratio 801:805 weight ratio 794:805 weight ratio of CN to PVA 794:818 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 47 theme CN 810:811 arg1 morphology 771:780 morphology 771:780 morphology of CNs 771:787 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 47 theme CN 810:811 arg1 concentration 735:747 concentration 735:747 concentration of PVA/CN suspension 735:768 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 5 48 theme performance 1051:1061 arg1 hydrogels 1063:1071 high performance hydrogels 1046:1071 high performance hydrogels 1046:1071 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 4 49 theme weight 794:799 arg1 ratio 801:805 weight ratio 794:805 weight ratio of CN to PVA 794:818 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 3 50 theme rheological 604:614 arg1 dependent 660:668 dependent 660:668 dependent 660:668 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 3 50 theme rheological 604:614 arg1 behavior 616:623 the rheological behavior 600:623 the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions 600:645 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 1 51 theme different 221:229 arg1 morphologies 231:242 different morphologies 221:242 different morphologies 221:242 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 4 52 theme CNs 785:787 arg1 ratio 801:805 weight ratio 794:805 weight ratio of CN to PVA 794:818 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 52 theme CNs 785:787 arg1 morphology 771:780 morphology 771:780 morphology of CNs 771:787 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 4 52 theme CNs 785:787 arg1 concentration 735:747 concentration 735:747 concentration of PVA/CN suspension 735:768 For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. 27561516 3 53 theme CN 632:633 arg1 suspensions 635:645 the CN suspensions 628:645 the CN suspensions 628:645 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 2 54 used used 365:368 arg2 hulls 354:358 Cottonseed hulls 343:358 Cottonseed hulls 343:358 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 5 55 theme CN 926:927 arg1 morphology 929:938 CN morphology 926:938 CN morphology 926:938 This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems. 27561516 0 56 theme cottonseed 62:71 arg1 hulls 73:77 cottonseed hulls 62:77 cottonseed hulls 62:77 Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from cottonseed hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions. 27561516 3 57 theme CN 673:674 arg1 concentration 676:688 CN concentration 673:688 CN concentration 673:688 Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. 27561516 1 58 theme present 146:152 arg1 work 154:157 The present work 142:157 The present work 142:157 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 2 59 theme cellulose 469:477 arg1 nanocrystals 479:490 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 460:490 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 460:490 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 27561516 1 60 from isolation 173:181 arg1 properties 279:288 rheological properties 267:288 rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions 267:340 The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. 27561516 2 61 theme cellulose 506:514 arg1 nanoparticles 516:528 spherical cellulose nanoparticles 496:528 spherical cellulose nanoparticles 496:528 Cottonseed hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. 28602197 2 0 theme Tyr 480:482 arg1 enantiomers 484:494 the Tyr enantiomers 476:494 the Tyr enantiomers 476:494 The modified electrode is simple to fabricate and rapid, sensitive, selective to detect the Tyr enantiomers. 28602197 3 1 theme patients 694:701 arg1 samples 653:659 blood serum samples 641:659 blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients 641:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 1 2 theme quantum 182:188 arg1 GQDs 196:199 GQDs 196:199 GQDs 196:199 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 2 theme quantum 182:188 arg1 dots 190:193 graphene quantum dots 173:193 graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 173:200 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 3 3 theme healthy 788:794 arg1 people 796:801 healthy people 788:801 healthy people 788:801 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 1 4 theme enantiomers 341:351 arg1 determination 293:305 determination 293:305 determination 293:305 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 4 theme enantiomers 341:351 arg1 recognition 311:321 recognition 311:321 recognition 311:321 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 3 5 from L-Tyr 737:741 arg1 serum 769:773 serum 769:773 serum 769:773 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 1 6 theme dots 190:193 arg1 composites 159:168 the composites 155:168 the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 155:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 6 theme dots 190:193 arg1 electrode 259:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode 206:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 206:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 6 theme dots 190:193 arg1 dots 190:193 graphene quantum dots 173:193 graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 173:200 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 3 7 from feasibility 530:540 arg1 samples 580:586 real samples 575:586 real samples 575:586 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 8 theme healthy 664:670 arg1 people 672:677 healthy people 664:677 healthy people 664:677 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 4 9 theme modification 849:860 arg1 layer 862:866 modification layer 849:866 modification layer of electrodes 849:880 The β-CDs-GQDs composites were fabricated as modification layer of electrodes. 28602197 4 9 theme modification 849:860 arg1 composites 819:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 804:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 804:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites were fabricated as modification layer of electrodes. 28602197 9 10 theme electrode 1418:1426 arg1 stability 1363:1371 stability 1363:1371 stability 1363:1371 In addition, the stability and reproducibility of the prepared modified electrode were investigated, and achieved good results. 28602197 9 10 theme electrode 1418:1426 arg1 reproducibility 1377:1391 reproducibility 1377:1391 reproducibility 1377:1391 In addition, the stability and reproducibility of the prepared modified electrode were investigated, and achieved good results. 28602197 3 11 theme electrochemical 549:563 arg1 sensor 565:570 the electrochemical sensor 545:570 the electrochemical sensor in real samples 545:586 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 12 from detection 619:627 arg1 samples 653:659 blood serum samples 641:659 blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients 641:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 7 13 theme significant 1108:1118 arg1 difference 1120:1129 significant difference 1108:1129 significant difference in the oxidation peak current 1108:1159 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 8 14 theme detection 1304:1312 arg1 limits 1314:1319 detection limits 1304:1319 detection limits of the reported methods 1304:1343 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 9 15 theme prepared 1400:1407 arg1 electrode 1418:1426 the prepared modified electrode 1396:1426 the prepared modified electrode 1396:1426 In addition, the stability and reproducibility of the prepared modified electrode were investigated, and achieved good results. 28602197 2 16 dep rapid 438:442 arg1 selective 456:464 selective 456:464 selective 456:464 The modified electrode is simple to fabricate and rapid, sensitive, selective to detect the Tyr enantiomers. 28602197 2 16 dep rapid 438:442 arg1 sensitive 445:453 sensitive 445:453 sensitive 445:453 The modified electrode is simple to fabricate and rapid, sensitive, selective to detect the Tyr enantiomers. 28602197 8 17 theme reported 1328:1335 arg1 methods 1337:1343 the reported methods 1324:1343 the reported methods 1324:1343 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 8 18 theme L-Tyr 1225:1229 arg1 M 1256:1256 6.07×10-9 M 1246:1256 6.07×10-9 M 1246:1256 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 8 18 theme L-Tyr 1225:1229 arg1 limits 1215:1220 The detection limits 1201:1220 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr 1201:1239 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 8 19 theme detection 1205:1213 arg1 M 1256:1256 6.07×10-9 M 1246:1256 6.07×10-9 M 1246:1256 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 8 19 theme detection 1205:1213 arg1 limits 1215:1220 The detection limits 1201:1220 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr 1201:1239 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 3 20 theme depression 683:692 arg1 patients 694:701 healthy people and depression patients 664:701 healthy people and depression patients 664:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 6 21 theme enantioselectivity 998:1015 arg1 nanosize 977:984 nanosize 977:984 nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs 977:1024 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 2 22 theme modified 392:399 arg1 simple 414:419 simple 414:419 simple 414:419 The modified electrode is simple to fabricate and rapid, sensitive, selective to detect the Tyr enantiomers. 28602197 2 22 theme modified 392:399 arg1 electrode 401:409 The modified electrode 388:409 The modified electrode 388:409 The modified electrode is simple to fabricate and rapid, sensitive, selective to detect the Tyr enantiomers. 28602197 1 23 theme depression 376:385 arg1 enantiomers 341:351 tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers 326:351 tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression 326:385 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 23 theme depression 376:385 arg1 biomarker 363:371 biomarker 363:371 biomarker of depression 363:385 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 3 24 theme sensor 565:570 arg1 feasibility 530:540 the feasibility 526:540 the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples 526:586 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 8 25 theme D-Tyr 1235:1239 arg1 M 1256:1256 6.07×10-9 M 1246:1256 6.07×10-9 M 1246:1256 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 8 25 theme D-Tyr 1235:1239 arg1 limits 1215:1220 The detection limits 1201:1220 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr 1201:1239 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 0 26 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 sensor 16:21 Electrochemical sensor 0:21 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 0:121 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 28602197 3 27 from quantities 723:732 arg1 serum 769:773 serum 769:773 serum 769:773 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 7 28 theme modified 1079:1086 arg1 electrode 1088:1096 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode 1064:1096 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode 1064:1096 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 6 29 used utilized 968:975 arg2 composites 957:966 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 942:966 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 942:966 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 0 30 theme discrimination 27:40 arg1 enantiomers 51:61 discrimination tyrosine enantiomers 27:61 discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites 27:120 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 28602197 9 31 theme modified 1409:1416 arg1 electrode 1418:1426 the prepared modified electrode 1396:1426 the prepared modified electrode 1396:1426 In addition, the stability and reproducibility of the prepared modified electrode were investigated, and achieved good results. 28602197 0 32 dep dots 86:89 arg1 composites 111:120 composites 111:120 composites 111:120 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 28602197 3 33 from samples 580:586 arg1 feasibility 530:540 the feasibility 526:540 the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples 526:586 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 1 34 theme β-cyclodextrins 206:220 arg1 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 34 theme β-cyclodextrins 206:220 arg1 electrode 259:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode 206:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 206:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 8 35 theme methods 1337:1343 arg1 limits 1314:1319 detection limits 1304:1319 detection limits of the reported methods 1304:1343 The detection limits of L-Tyr and D-Tyr were 6.07×10-9 M and 1.03×10-7 M, respectively and superior to detection limits of the reported methods. 28602197 9 36 dep stability 1363:1371 arg1 the 1359:1361 the 1359:1361 the 1359:1361 In addition, the stability and reproducibility of the prepared modified electrode were investigated, and achieved good results. 28602197 1 37 theme electrochemical 126:140 arg1 sensor 142:147 An electrochemical sensor 123:147 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 123:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 7 38 from difference 1120:1129 arg1 current 1153:1159 the oxidation peak current 1134:1159 the oxidation peak current 1134:1159 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 7 39 theme β-CDs-GQDs 1068:1077 arg1 electrode 1088:1096 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode 1064:1096 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode 1064:1096 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 7 40 theme peak 1148:1151 arg1 current 1153:1159 the oxidation peak current 1134:1159 the oxidation peak current 1134:1159 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 3 41 theme L-Tyr 632:636 arg1 detection 619:627 the detection 615:627 the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients 615:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 0 42 theme tyrosine 42:49 arg1 enantiomers 51:61 discrimination tyrosine enantiomers 27:61 discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites 27:120 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 28602197 3 43 theme patients 757:764 arg1 L-Tyr 737:741 L-Tyr 737:741 L-Tyr of depression patients in serum 737:773 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 6 44 theme β-CDs 1020:1024 arg1 enantioselectivity 998:1015 enantioselectivity 998:1015 enantioselectivity 998:1015 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 6 44 theme β-CDs 1020:1024 arg1 GQDs 989:992 GQDs 989:992 GQDs 989:992 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 0 45 theme graphene 69:76 arg1 dots 86:89 graphene quantum dots 69:89 graphene quantum dots 69:89 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 28602197 3 46 theme depression 746:755 arg1 patients 757:764 depression patients 746:764 depression patients 746:764 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 47 theme real 575:578 arg1 samples 580:586 real samples 575:586 real samples 575:586 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 4 48 theme β-CDs-GQDs 808:817 arg1 layer 862:866 modification layer 849:866 modification layer of electrodes 849:880 The β-CDs-GQDs composites were fabricated as modification layer of electrodes. 28602197 4 48 theme β-CDs-GQDs 808:817 arg1 composites 819:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 804:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 804:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites were fabricated as modification layer of electrodes. 28602197 7 49 theme oxidation 1138:1146 arg1 current 1153:1159 the oxidation peak current 1134:1159 the oxidation peak current 1134:1159 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 1 50 theme tyrosine 326:333 arg1 enantiomers 341:351 tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers 326:351 tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression 326:385 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 50 theme tyrosine 326:333 arg1 biomarker 363:371 biomarker 363:371 biomarker of depression 363:385 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 3 51 theme people 672:677 arg1 patients 694:701 healthy people and depression patients 664:701 healthy people and depression patients 664:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 52 theme serum 647:651 arg1 samples 653:659 blood serum samples 641:659 blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients 641:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 53 theme L-Tyr 737:741 arg1 quantities 723:732 the quantities 719:732 the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum 719:773 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 53 theme L-Tyr 737:741 arg1 less 778:781 less 778:781 less 778:781 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 54 from serum 769:773 arg1 quantities 723:732 the quantities 719:732 the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum 719:773 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 3 54 from serum 769:773 arg1 less 778:781 less 778:781 less 778:781 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 1 55 theme functionalized 230:243 arg1 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 55 theme functionalized 230:243 arg1 electrode 259:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode 206:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 206:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 4 56 theme electrodes 871:880 arg1 layer 862:866 modification layer 849:866 modification layer of electrodes 849:880 The β-CDs-GQDs composites were fabricated as modification layer of electrodes. 28602197 4 56 theme electrodes 871:880 arg1 composites 819:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 804:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites 804:828 The β-CDs-GQDs composites were fabricated as modification layer of electrodes. 28602197 5 57 used used 893:896 arg2 substrate 901:909 substrate 901:909 substrate 901:909 GQDs were used as substrate and functionalized with β-CDs. 28602197 5 57 used used 893:896 arg2 GQDs 883:886 GQDs 883:886 GQDs 883:886 GQDs were used as substrate and functionalized with β-CDs. 28602197 3 58 from sensor 565:570 arg1 samples 580:586 real samples 575:586 real samples 575:586 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 1 59 theme glassy 245:250 arg1 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 59 theme glassy 245:250 arg1 electrode 259:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode 206:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 206:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 9 60 theme good 1460:1463 arg1 results 1465:1471 good results 1460:1471 good results 1460:1471 In addition, the stability and reproducibility of the prepared modified electrode were investigated, and achieved good results. 28602197 3 61 theme blood 641:645 arg1 samples 653:659 blood serum samples 641:659 blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients 641:701 In order to further validate the feasibility of the electrochemical sensor in real samples, the sensor was applied to the detection of L-Tyr in blood serum samples of healthy people and depression patients, and found that the quantities of L-Tyr of depression patients in serum is less than healthy people. 28602197 6 62 theme chiral 1037:1042 arg1 recognition 1044:1054 chiral recognition 1037:1054 chiral recognition of Tyr 1037:1061 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 6 63 theme Tyr 1059:1061 arg1 recognition 1044:1054 chiral recognition 1037:1054 chiral recognition of Tyr 1037:1061 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 1 64 theme carbon 252:257 arg1 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 GCE 270:272 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 64 theme carbon 252:257 arg1 electrode 259:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode 206:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 206:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 0 65 theme quantum 78:84 arg1 dots 86:89 graphene quantum dots 69:89 graphene quantum dots 69:89 Electrochemical sensor for discrimination tyrosine enantiomers using graphene quantum dots and β-cyclodextrins composites. 28602197 1 66 theme Tyr 336:338 arg1 enantiomers 341:351 tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers 326:351 tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression 326:385 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 66 theme Tyr 336:338 arg1 biomarker 363:371 biomarker 363:371 biomarker of depression 363:385 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 6 67 theme GQDs 989:992 arg1 nanosize 977:984 nanosize 977:984 nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs 977:1024 The β-CDs-GQDs composites utilized nanosize of GQDs and enantioselectivity of β-CDs to realize chiral recognition of Tyr. 28602197 1 68 theme graphene 173:180 arg1 GQDs 196:199 GQDs 196:199 GQDs 196:199 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 68 theme graphene 173:180 arg1 dots 190:193 graphene quantum dots 173:193 graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 173:200 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 7 69 theme L 1175:1175 arg1 ratio 1166:1170 ratio 1166:1170 ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35 1166:1198 The β-CDs-GQDs modified electrode presented significant difference in the oxidation peak current with ratio of L to D-Tyr reaching 2.35. 28602197 1 70 theme electrode 259:267 arg1 composites 159:168 the composites 155:168 the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 155:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 70 theme electrode 259:267 arg1 electrode 259:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode 206:267 β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 206:273 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 28602197 1 70 theme electrode 259:267 arg1 dots 190:193 graphene quantum dots 173:193 graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 173:200 An electrochemical sensor using the composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for determination and recognition of tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers which are biomarker of depression. 24282194 0 0 theme own 79:81 arg1 milk 83:86 mother's own milk 70:86 mother's own milk 70:86 Human milk oligosaccharide composition differs between donor milk and mother's own milk in the NICU. 24282194 5 1 with mothers 887:893 arg1 infants 900:906 infants 900:906 infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 900:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 3 2 theme milk 437:440 arg1 volume 448:453 their mother's own milk (MOM) volume 418:453 their mother's own milk (MOM) volume 418:453 Some newborn infants receive donor milk (DM) when their mother's own milk (MOM) volume is inadequate or unavailable. 24282194 6 3 theme 3-fucosyllactose 1193:1208 arg1 higher 1229:1234 higher 1229:1234 higher 1229:1234 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 3 theme 3-fucosyllactose 1193:1208 arg1 concentrations 1154:1167 the concentrations 1150:1167 the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 1150:1208 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 8 4 theme individual 1486:1495 arg1 HMO 1497:1499 individual HMO 1486:1499 individual HMO 1486:1499 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 7 5 theme different 1336:1344 arg1 amounts 1352:1358 different total amounts 1336:1358 different total amounts 1336:1358 CONCLUSION Our data show that infants in our NICU who receive DM are likely to ingest HMO at different total amounts and relative composition from what they would receive with their MOM. 24282194 7 6 theme relative 1364:1371 arg1 composition 1373:1383 relative composition 1364:1383 relative composition 1364:1383 CONCLUSION Our data show that infants in our NICU who receive DM are likely to ingest HMO at different total amounts and relative composition from what they would receive with their MOM. 24282194 5 7 theme Milk 797:800 arg1 Bank 802:805 the Mothers' Milk Bank 784:805 the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California 784:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 9 8 theme HMO 1622:1624 arg1 composition 1626:1636 HMO composition 1622:1636 HMO composition 1622:1636 Future studies are needed to assess the importance of a mother-infant match with regard to HMO composition. 24282194 7 9 theme total 1346:1350 arg1 amounts 1352:1358 different total amounts 1336:1358 different total amounts 1336:1358 CONCLUSION Our data show that infants in our NICU who receive DM are likely to ingest HMO at different total amounts and relative composition from what they would receive with their MOM. 24282194 5 10 theme high 571:574 arg1 analysis 610:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis 571:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO 571:646 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 6 11 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 arg1 amount 970:975 Total HMO amount 960:975 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 11 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 arg1 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 11 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 11 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 arg1 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 11 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 arg1 concentrations 988:1001 concentrations 988:1001 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 11 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 arg1 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 9 12 theme Future 1531:1536 arg1 studies 1538:1544 Future studies 1531:1544 Future studies 1531:1544 Future studies are needed to assess the importance of a mother-infant match with regard to HMO composition. 24282194 5 13 theme performance 576:586 arg1 analysis 610:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis 571:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO 571:646 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 2 14 theme HMO 288:290 arg1 composition 292:302 the HMO composition 284:302 the HMO composition 284:302 More than a hundred structurally distinct HMO have been identified, and the HMO composition varies between mothers as well as over the course of lactation. 24282194 5 15 used used 566:569 arg2 We 563:564 We 563:564 We 563:564 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 4 16 dep OBJECTIVE 485:493 arg1 aimed 506:510 aimed 506:510 aimed to compare HMO content between DM and MOM 506:552 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare HMO content between DM and MOM. 24282194 6 17 theme lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 arg1 amount 970:975 Total HMO amount 960:975 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 17 theme lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 arg1 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 17 theme lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 17 theme lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 arg1 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 17 theme lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 arg1 concentrations 988:1001 concentrations 988:1001 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 17 theme lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 arg1 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 3 18 theme donor 397:401 arg1 DM 409:410 DM 409:410 DM 409:410 Some newborn infants receive donor milk (DM) when their mother's own milk (MOM) volume is inadequate or unavailable. 24282194 3 18 theme donor 397:401 arg1 milk 403:406 donor milk 397:406 donor milk (DM) 397:411 Some newborn infants receive donor milk (DM) when their mother's own milk (MOM) volume is inadequate or unavailable. 24282194 5 19 theme batches 719:725 arg1 amount 680:685 HMO amount 676:685 HMO amount 676:685 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 19 theme batches 719:725 arg1 batches 719:725 31 different batches 706:725 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California 706:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 19 theme batches 719:725 arg1 composition 691:701 composition 691:701 composition 691:701 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 20 dep batches 719:725 arg1 pooled 739:744 pooled 739:744 pooled 739:744 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 8 21 attach link 1481:1484 arg2 studies 1457:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 8 21 attach link 1481:1484 arg1 disease 1522:1528 disease 1522:1528 disease 1522:1528 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 8 21 attach link 1481:1484 arg1 health 1511:1516 infant health 1504:1516 infant health 1504:1516 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 2 22 theme distinct 245:252 arg1 HMO 254:256 a hundred structurally distinct HMO 222:256 a hundred structurally distinct HMO 222:256 More than a hundred structurally distinct HMO have been identified, and the HMO composition varies between mothers as well as over the course of lactation. 24282194 0 23 theme milk 6:9 arg1 composition 27:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition 0:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition 0:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition differs between donor milk and mother's own milk in the NICU. 24282194 6 24 theme lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 arg1 amount 970:975 Total HMO amount 960:975 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 24 theme lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 arg1 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 24 theme lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 24 theme lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 arg1 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 24 theme lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 arg1 concentrations 988:1001 concentrations 988:1001 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 24 theme lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 arg1 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 1 25 theme third 160:164 arg1 component 180:188 the third most abundant component 156:188 the third most abundant component of human breast milk 156:209 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 0 26 theme Human 0:4 arg1 composition 27:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition 0:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition 0:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition differs between donor milk and mother's own milk in the NICU. 24282194 5 27 theme intensive 924:932 arg1 unit 939:942 our neonatal intensive care unit 911:942 our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 911:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 27 theme intensive 924:932 arg1 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 28 from Bank 802:805 arg1 California 820:829 California 820:829 California 820:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 4 29 theme HMO 523:525 arg1 content 527:533 HMO content 523:533 HMO content between DM and MOM 523:552 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare HMO content between DM and MOM. 24282194 5 30 theme DM 730:731 arg1 batches 719:725 31 different batches 706:725 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California 706:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 31 from infants 900:906 arg1 unit 939:942 our neonatal intensive care unit 911:942 our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 911:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 31 from infants 900:906 arg1 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 1 32 theme abundant 171:178 arg1 component 180:188 the third most abundant component 156:188 the third most abundant component of human breast milk 156:209 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 0 33 theme oligosaccharide 11:25 arg1 composition 27:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition 0:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition 0:37 Human milk oligosaccharide composition differs between donor milk and mother's own milk in the NICU. 24282194 8 34 theme Recent 1430:1435 arg1 studies 1457:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 5 35 theme labeled 636:642 arg1 HMO 644:646 fluorescently labeled HMO 622:646 fluorescently labeled HMO 622:646 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 36 theme care 934:937 arg1 unit 939:942 our neonatal intensive care unit 911:942 our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 911:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 36 theme care 934:937 arg1 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 3 37 theme own 433:435 arg1 MOM 443:445 MOM 443:445 MOM 443:445 Some newborn infants receive donor milk (DM) when their mother's own milk (MOM) volume is inadequate or unavailable. 24282194 3 37 theme own 433:435 arg1 milk 437:440 mother's own milk 424:440 their mother's own milk (MOM) volume 418:453 Some newborn infants receive donor milk (DM) when their mother's own milk (MOM) volume is inadequate or unavailable. 24282194 5 38 theme HMO 644:646 arg1 analysis 610:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis 571:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO 571:646 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 7 39 from infants 1273:1279 arg1 NICU 1288:1291 our NICU 1284:1291 our NICU who receive DM 1284:1306 CONCLUSION Our data show that infants in our NICU who receive DM are likely to ingest HMO at different total amounts and relative composition from what they would receive with their MOM. 24282194 7 40 dep CONCLUSION 1243:1252 arg1 show 1263:1266 show 1263:1266 show that infants in our NICU who receive DM are likely to ingest HMO at different total amounts and relative composition from what they would receive with their MOM 1263:1427 CONCLUSION Our data show that infants in our NICU who receive DM are likely to ingest HMO at different total amounts and relative composition from what they would receive with their MOM. 24282194 3 41 theme newborn 373:379 arg1 infants 381:387 Some newborn infants 368:387 Some newborn infants 368:387 Some newborn infants receive donor milk (DM) when their mother's own milk (MOM) volume is inadequate or unavailable. 24282194 8 42 theme vitro 1440:1444 arg1 studies 1457:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 5 43 dep METHODS 555:561 arg1 used 566:569 used 566:569 used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California 566:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 43 dep METHODS 555:561 arg1 compared 836:843 compared 836:843 compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 836:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 44 theme individual 753:762 arg1 donors 764:769 3 individual donors 751:769 3 individual donors 751:769 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 2 45 theme lactation 357:365 arg1 course 347:352 the course 343:352 the course of lactation 343:365 More than a hundred structurally distinct HMO have been identified, and the HMO composition varies between mothers as well as over the course of lactation. 24282194 5 46 theme different 709:717 arg1 batches 719:725 31 different batches 706:725 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California 706:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 47 theme liquid 588:593 arg1 analysis 610:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis 571:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO 571:646 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 0 48 theme donor 55:59 arg1 milk 61:64 donor milk 55:64 donor milk 55:64 Human milk oligosaccharide composition differs between donor milk and mother's own milk in the NICU. 24282194 8 49 theme animal 1450:1455 arg1 studies 1457:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies 1430:1463 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 5 50 theme chromatography 595:608 arg1 analysis 610:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis 571:617 high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO 571:646 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 6 51 dep RESULTS 952:958 arg1 lower 1117:1121 lower 1117:1121 lower 1117:1121 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 1 52 theme BACKGROUND 101:110 arg1 HMO 141:143 HMO 141:143 HMO 141:143 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 1 52 theme BACKGROUND 101:110 arg1 oligosaccharides 123:138 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 101:138 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 101:144 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 6 53 theme 3'-sialyllactose 1172:1187 arg1 higher 1229:1234 higher 1229:1234 higher 1229:1234 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 53 theme 3'-sialyllactose 1172:1187 arg1 concentrations 1154:1167 the concentrations 1150:1167 the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 1150:1208 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 54 theme disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 arg1 amount 970:975 Total HMO amount 960:975 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 54 theme disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 arg1 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 54 theme disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 54 theme disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 arg1 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 54 theme disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 arg1 concentrations 988:1001 concentrations 988:1001 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 54 theme disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 arg1 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 5 55 theme different 854:862 arg1 samples 868:874 26 different MOM samples 851:874 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 851:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 1 56 theme Human 112:116 arg1 HMO 141:143 HMO 141:143 HMO 141:143 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 1 56 theme Human 112:116 arg1 oligosaccharides 123:138 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 101:138 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 101:144 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 6 57 theme HMO 966:968 arg1 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 57 theme HMO 966:968 arg1 amount 970:975 Total HMO amount 960:975 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 57 theme HMO 966:968 arg1 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 57 theme HMO 966:968 arg1 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 57 theme HMO 966:968 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 1 58 theme breast 199:204 arg1 milk 206:209 human breast milk 193:209 human breast milk 193:209 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 9 59 theme mother-infant 1587:1599 arg1 importance 1571:1580 the importance 1567:1580 the importance of a mother-infant match with regard to HMO composition 1567:1636 Future studies are needed to assess the importance of a mother-infant match with regard to HMO composition. 24282194 5 60 theme neonatal 915:922 arg1 unit 939:942 our neonatal intensive care unit 911:942 our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 911:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 60 theme neonatal 915:922 arg1 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 NICU 945:948 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 61 theme MOM 864:866 arg1 samples 868:874 26 different MOM samples 851:874 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 851:949 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 1 62 theme milk 118:121 arg1 HMO 141:143 HMO 141:143 HMO 141:143 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 1 62 theme milk 118:121 arg1 oligosaccharides 123:138 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides 101:138 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 101:144 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 1 63 theme milk 206:209 arg1 component 180:188 the third most abundant component 156:188 the third most abundant component of human breast milk 156:209 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 5 64 theme HMO 676:678 arg1 amount 680:685 HMO amount 676:685 HMO amount 676:685 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 5 64 theme HMO 676:678 arg1 batches 719:725 31 different batches 706:725 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California 706:829 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 1 65 theme human 193:197 arg1 milk 206:209 human breast milk 193:209 human breast milk 193:209 BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third most abundant component of human breast milk. 24282194 6 66 theme Total 960:964 arg1 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 lacto-N-tetraose 1006:1021 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 66 theme Total 960:964 arg1 amount 970:975 Total HMO amount 960:975 Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose 960:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 66 theme Total 960:964 arg1 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 disialyllacto-N-tetraose 1073:1096 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 66 theme Total 960:964 arg1 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1045:1064 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 1045:1066 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 6 66 theme Total 960:964 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 lacto-N-neotetraose 1024:1042 RESULTS Total HMO amount as well as concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1, and disialyllacto-N-tetraose were significantly lower in DM than in MOM, whereas the concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose were significantly higher in DM. 24282194 8 67 theme infant 1504:1509 arg1 health 1511:1516 infant health 1504:1516 infant health 1504:1516 Recent in vitro and animal studies have started to link individual HMO to infant health and disease. 24282194 5 68 from donors 764:769 arg1 pooled 739:744 pooled 739:744 pooled 739:744 METHODS We used high performance liquid chromatography analysis of fluorescently labeled HMO to analyze the variation in HMO amount and composition of 31 different batches of DM (each pooled from 3 individual donors) provided by the Mothers' Milk Bank in San Jose, California, and compared it to 26 different MOM samples donated by mothers with infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 24282194 9 69 dep mother-infant 1587:1599 arg1 match 1601:1605 match 1601:1605 match with regard to HMO composition 1601:1636 Future studies are needed to assess the importance of a mother-infant match with regard to HMO composition. 27987969 8 0 theme drug 855:858 arg1 release 860:866 The sustained drug release 841:866 The sustained drug release 841:866 The sustained drug release and low cytotoxicity in vitro of PTX/DEX fibers were also demonstrated. 27987969 8 1 theme low 872:874 arg1 cytotoxicity 876:887 low cytotoxicity 872:887 low cytotoxicity in vitro 872:896 The sustained drug release and low cytotoxicity in vitro of PTX/DEX fibers were also demonstrated. 27987969 7 2 dep 2mg/mL 833:838 arg1 both 823:826 both 823:826 both 823:826 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 1 3 with co-assembly 138:148 arg1 DEX 185:187 DEX 185:187 DEX 185:187 In this paper, we reported the preparation of micro-/nanofibers via co-assembly with paclitaxel (PTX) and dextran (DEX). 27987969 1 3 with co-assembly 138:148 arg1 PTX 167:169 PTX 167:169 PTX 167:169 In this paper, we reported the preparation of micro-/nanofibers via co-assembly with paclitaxel (PTX) and dextran (DEX). 27987969 1 3 with co-assembly 138:148 arg1 dextran 176:182 dextran 176:182 dextran (DEX) 176:188 In this paper, we reported the preparation of micro-/nanofibers via co-assembly with paclitaxel (PTX) and dextran (DEX). 27987969 1 3 with co-assembly 138:148 arg1 paclitaxel 155:164 paclitaxel 155:164 paclitaxel (PTX) 155:170 In this paper, we reported the preparation of micro-/nanofibers via co-assembly with paclitaxel (PTX) and dextran (DEX). 27987969 2 4 theme non-covalent 257:268 arg1 stacking 338:345 π-π stacking 334:345 π-π stacking 334:345 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 2 4 theme non-covalent 257:268 arg1 interactions 270:281 non-covalent interactions 257:281 non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking 257:345 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 2 4 theme non-covalent 257:268 arg1 interactions 317:328 hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions 293:328 hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions 293:328 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 7 5 theme co-assembly 760:770 arg1 fibers 772:777 co-assembly fibers 760:777 co-assembly fibers 760:777 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 4 6 theme MTT 556:558 arg1 assay 560:564 MTT assay 556:564 MTT assay 556:564 The properties of fibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro release and MTT assay. 27987969 4 7 dep in 535:536 arg1 vitro 538:542 vitro 538:542 vitro 538:542 The properties of fibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro release and MTT assay. 27987969 5 8 theme fibers 581:586 arg1 length 571:576 The length 567:576 The length of fibers 567:586 The length of fibers could reach several centimeters. 27987969 9 9 theme PTX/DEX 967:973 arg1 micro-/nanofibers 975:991 PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers 967:991 PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers 967:991 Therefore, we believe that PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers would have great potential for drug delivery of PTX. 27987969 2 10 theme mixture 236:242 arg1 solution 244:251 PTX and DEX mixture solution 224:251 PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking 224:345 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 9 11 contain have 999:1002 arg1 micro-/nanofibers 975:991 PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers 967:991 PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers 967:991 Therefore, we believe that PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers would have great potential for drug delivery of PTX. 27987969 9 11 contain have 999:1002 arg2 potential 1010:1018 great potential 1004:1018 great potential 1004:1018 Therefore, we believe that PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers would have great potential for drug delivery of PTX. 27987969 7 12 from % 755:755 arg1 addition 707:714 addition 707:714 addition 707:714 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 7 12 from % 755:755 arg1 fibers 772:777 co-assembly fibers 760:777 co-assembly fibers 760:777 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 4 13 theme fibers 480:485 arg1 properties 466:475 The properties 462:475 The properties of fibers 462:485 The properties of fibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro release and MTT assay. 27987969 5 14 theme several 600:606 arg1 centimeters 608:618 several centimeters 600:618 several centimeters 600:618 The length of fibers could reach several centimeters. 27987969 8 15 theme fibers 909:914 arg1 cytotoxicity 876:887 low cytotoxicity 872:887 low cytotoxicity in vitro 872:896 The sustained drug release and low cytotoxicity in vitro of PTX/DEX fibers were also demonstrated. 27987969 8 15 theme fibers 909:914 arg1 release 860:866 The sustained drug release 841:866 The sustained drug release 841:866 The sustained drug release and low cytotoxicity in vitro of PTX/DEX fibers were also demonstrated. 27987969 2 16 theme hydrophilic/hydrophobic 293:315 arg1 interactions 317:328 hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions 293:328 hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions 293:328 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 6 17 theme nanofibers 653:662 arg1 800nm 674:678 800nm 674:678 800nm 674:678 The diameter of microfibers and nanofibers was about 800nm and 80nm, respectively. 27987969 6 17 theme nanofibers 653:662 arg1 diameter 625:632 The diameter 621:632 The diameter of microfibers and nanofibers 621:662 The diameter of microfibers and nanofibers was about 800nm and 80nm, respectively. 27987969 7 18 from % 791:791 arg1 addition 707:714 addition 707:714 addition 707:714 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 7 18 from % 791:791 arg1 fibers 772:777 co-assembly fibers 760:777 co-assembly fibers 760:777 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 8 19 theme PTX/DEX 901:907 arg1 fibers 909:914 PTX/DEX fibers 901:914 PTX/DEX fibers 901:914 The sustained drug release and low cytotoxicity in vitro of PTX/DEX fibers were also demonstrated. 27987969 9 20 theme great 1004:1008 arg1 potential 1010:1018 great potential 1004:1018 great potential 1004:1018 Therefore, we believe that PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers would have great potential for drug delivery of PTX. 27987969 6 21 theme microfibers 637:647 arg1 800nm 674:678 800nm 674:678 800nm 674:678 The diameter of microfibers and nanofibers was about 800nm and 80nm, respectively. 27987969 6 21 theme microfibers 637:647 arg1 diameter 625:632 The diameter 621:632 The diameter of microfibers and nanofibers 621:662 The diameter of microfibers and nanofibers was about 800nm and 80nm, respectively. 27987969 0 22 theme paclitaxel 46:55 arg1 co-assembly 31:41 co-assembly 31:41 co-assembly of paclitaxel and dextran 31:67 Micro-/nanofibers prepared via co-assembly of paclitaxel and dextran. 27987969 4 23 theme in 535:536 arg1 release 544:550 in vitro release 535:550 in vitro release 535:550 The properties of fibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro release and MTT assay. 27987969 9 24 theme drug 1024:1027 arg1 delivery 1029:1036 drug delivery 1024:1036 drug delivery of PTX 1024:1043 Therefore, we believe that PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers would have great potential for drug delivery of PTX. 27987969 3 25 theme mixed 407:411 arg1 solution 413:420 the mixed solution 403:420 the mixed solution 403:420 The micro-/nanofibers could be obviously observed when the mixed solution became turbid and ivory-white in color. 27987969 2 26 theme co-assembly 195:205 arg1 fibers 207:212 The co-assembly fibers 191:212 The co-assembly fibers 191:212 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 7 27 dep 84 789:790 arg1 to 786:787 to 786:787 to 786:787 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 7 28 theme PTX 721:723 arg1 efficiency 733:742 the PTX loading efficiency 717:742 the PTX loading efficiency 717:742 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 7 29 theme loading 725:731 arg1 efficiency 733:742 the PTX loading efficiency 717:742 the PTX loading efficiency 717:742 In addition, the PTX loading efficiency was over 78% in co-assembly fibers and up to 84% when PTX and DEX (Mw: 40,000) both were 2mg/mL. 27987969 2 30 theme DEX 232:234 arg1 solution 244:251 PTX and DEX mixture solution 224:251 PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking 224:345 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 9 31 theme PTX 1041:1043 arg1 delivery 1029:1036 drug delivery 1024:1036 drug delivery of PTX 1024:1043 Therefore, we believe that PTX/DEX micro-/nanofibers would have great potential for drug delivery of PTX. 27987969 1 32 theme micro-/nanofibers 116:132 arg1 preparation 101:111 the preparation 97:111 the preparation of micro-/nanofibers 97:132 In this paper, we reported the preparation of micro-/nanofibers via co-assembly with paclitaxel (PTX) and dextran (DEX). 27987969 8 33 theme sustained 845:853 arg1 release 860:866 The sustained drug release 841:866 The sustained drug release 841:866 The sustained drug release and low cytotoxicity in vitro of PTX/DEX fibers were also demonstrated. 27987969 2 34 theme π-π 334:336 arg1 stacking 338:345 π-π stacking 334:345 π-π stacking 334:345 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 2 35 theme PTX 224:226 arg1 solution 244:251 PTX and DEX mixture solution 224:251 PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking 224:345 The co-assembly fibers formed in PTX and DEX mixture solution via non-covalent interactions including hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. 27987969 0 36 theme dextran 61:67 arg1 co-assembly 31:41 co-assembly 31:41 co-assembly of paclitaxel and dextran 31:67 Micro-/nanofibers prepared via co-assembly of paclitaxel and dextran. 27810527 5 0 theme fermentation 723:734 arg1 system 736:741 the fermentation system 719:741 the fermentation system 719:741 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 7 1 theme exogenous 1179:1187 arg1 mediators 1189:1197 exogenous mediators 1179:1197 exogenous mediators in MFC 1179:1204 Furthermore, more chemicals produced by the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC. 27810527 5 2 from degradation 667:677 arg1 concentration 641:653 The total metabolite concentration 620:653 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation 620:677 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 0 3 theme fuel 83:86 arg1 cells 88:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 0 4 from degradation 7:17 arg1 cells 88:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 3 5 theme microbial 482:490 arg1 systems 508:514 both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems 460:514 systems 508:514 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 1 6 theme abundant 121:128 arg1 biopolymers 130:140 the most abundant biopolymers 112:140 the most abundant biopolymers 112:140 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 6 7 theme hydrolysis 858:867 arg1 intermediate 835:846 the intermediate 831:846 the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis 831:867 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 5 8 theme additional 755:764 arg1 generation 778:787 additional electricity generation 755:787 additional electricity generation 755:787 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 6 9 theme extracellular 1018:1030 arg1 hydrolysis 1032:1041 extracellular hydrolysis 1018:1041 extracellular hydrolysis of chitin 1018:1051 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 9 theme extracellular 1018:1030 arg1 step 1075:1078 the rate-limiting step 1057:1078 the rate-limiting step 1057:1078 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 3 10 theme chitin 373:378 arg1 degradation 358:368 the anaerobic degradation 344:368 the anaerobic degradation of chitin 344:378 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 6 11 theme chitin 851:856 arg1 hydrolysis 858:867 chitin hydrolysis 851:867 chitin hydrolysis 851:867 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 12 dep faster 884:889 arg1 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc 901:921 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc 901:921 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc 901:921 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 12 dep faster 884:889 arg1 0.97 892:895 0.97 892:895 0.97 892:895 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 3 13 theme MFC 503:505 arg1 systems 508:514 both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems 460:514 systems 508:514 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 1 14 theme main 160:163 arg1 composition 165:175 the main composition 156:175 the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes) 156:226 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 3 15 theme anaerobic 348:356 arg1 degradation 358:368 the anaerobic degradation 344:368 the anaerobic degradation of chitin 344:378 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 0 16 from generation 35:44 arg1 cells 88:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 7 17 theme mediators 1189:1197 arg1 addition 1167:1174 the addition 1163:1174 the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC 1163:1204 Furthermore, more chemicals produced by the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC. 27810527 8 18 from bacterium 1291:1299 arg1 MFC 1304:1306 MFC 1304:1306 MFC 1304:1306 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 6 19 theme chitin 1046:1051 arg1 hydrolysis 1032:1041 extracellular hydrolysis 1018:1041 extracellular hydrolysis of chitin 1018:1051 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 19 theme chitin 1046:1051 arg1 step 1075:1078 the rate-limiting step 1057:1078 the rate-limiting step 1057:1078 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 0 20 theme Chitin 0:5 arg1 degradation 7:17 Chitin degradation 0:17 Chitin degradation 0:17 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 7 21 from MFC 1202:1204 arg1 addition 1167:1174 the addition 1163:1174 the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC 1163:1204 Furthermore, more chemicals produced by the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC. 27810527 6 22 from GlcNAc 823:828 arg1 MFC 972:974 MFC 972:974 MFC 972:974 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 22 from GlcNAc 823:828 arg1 systems 993:999 fermentation systems 980:999 fermentation systems 980:999 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 0 23 theme electricity 23:33 arg1 generation 35:44 electricity generation 23:44 electricity generation 23:44 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 5 24 theme electricity 766:776 arg1 generation 778:787 additional electricity generation 755:787 additional electricity generation 755:787 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 1 25 theme shrimp 180:185 arg1 composition 165:175 the main composition 156:175 the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes) 156:226 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 1 25 theme shrimp 180:185 arg1 nature 145:150 nature 145:150 nature 145:150 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 7 26 theme more 1136:1139 arg1 chemicals 1141:1149 more chemicals 1136:1149 more chemicals 1136:1149 Furthermore, more chemicals produced by the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC. 27810527 4 27 theme chitin 529:534 arg1 succinate 569:577 succinate 569:577 succinate 569:577 The primary chitin metabolites produced in MFC were succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and ethanol. 27810527 4 27 theme chitin 529:534 arg1 metabolites 536:546 The primary chitin metabolites 517:546 The primary chitin metabolites produced in MFC 517:562 The primary chitin metabolites produced in MFC were succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and ethanol. 27810527 5 28 theme chitin 660:665 arg1 degradation 667:677 chitin degradation 660:677 chitin degradation 660:677 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 8 29 theme recalcitrant 1408:1419 arg1 energy 1440:1445 recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1408:1445 recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1408:1445 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 6 30 theme rate-limiting 1061:1073 arg1 hydrolysis 1032:1041 extracellular hydrolysis 1018:1041 extracellular hydrolysis of chitin 1018:1051 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 30 theme rate-limiting 1061:1073 arg1 step 1075:1078 the rate-limiting step 1057:1078 the rate-limiting step 1057:1078 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 1 31 theme biopolymers 130:140 arg1 biopolymers 130:140 the most abundant biopolymers 112:140 the most abundant biopolymers 112:140 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 1 31 theme biopolymers 130:140 arg1 one 105:107 one 105:107 one 105:107 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 4 32 theme primary 521:527 arg1 succinate 569:577 succinate 569:577 succinate 569:577 The primary chitin metabolites produced in MFC were succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and ethanol. 27810527 4 32 theme primary 521:527 arg1 metabolites 536:546 The primary chitin metabolites 517:546 The primary chitin metabolites produced in MFC 517:562 The primary chitin metabolites produced in MFC were succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and ethanol. 27810527 1 33 theme crab 191:194 arg1 shells 196:201 crab shells 191:201 crab shells (usually as food wastes) 191:226 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 3 34 theme Aeromonas 383:391 arg1 hydrophila 393:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 34 theme Aeromonas 383:391 arg1 bacterium 446:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 7 35 from addition 1167:1174 arg1 MFC 1202:1204 MFC 1202:1204 MFC 1202:1204 Furthermore, more chemicals produced by the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC. 27810527 8 36 theme bioelectrochemical 1343:1360 arg1 system 1362:1367 this bioelectrochemical system 1338:1367 this bioelectrochemical system 1338:1367 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 1 37 theme shells 196:201 arg1 composition 165:175 the main composition 156:175 the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes) 156:226 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 1 37 theme shells 196:201 arg1 nature 145:150 nature 145:150 nature 145:150 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 8 38 theme energy 1440:1445 arg1 degradation 1393:1403 the degradation 1389:1403 the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1389:1445 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 6 39 dep GlcNAc 823:828 arg1 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc 946:966 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc 946:966 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc 946:966 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 39 dep GlcNAc 823:828 arg1 0.13 937:940 0.13 937:940 0.13 937:940 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 6 39 dep GlcNAc 823:828 arg1 intermediate 835:846 the intermediate 831:846 the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis 831:867 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 8 40 theme biomass 1421:1427 arg1 energy 1440:1445 recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1408:1445 recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1408:1445 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 2 41 theme energy 303:308 arg1 recovery 310:317 energy recovery 303:317 energy recovery 303:317 Thus it is essential to investigate the potential of degrading chitin for energy recovery. 27810527 0 42 theme Aeromonas 49:57 arg1 hydrophila 59:68 Aeromonas hydrophila 49:68 Aeromonas hydrophila 49:68 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 8 43 dep energy 1440:1445 arg1 to 1429:1430 to 1429:1430 to 1429:1430 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 5 44 theme total 624:628 arg1 concentration 641:653 The total metabolite concentration 620:653 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation 620:677 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 6 45 theme faster 884:889 arg1 GlcNAc 823:828 GlcNAc 823:828 GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems 823:999 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 8 46 theme recover 1432:1438 arg1 energy 1440:1445 recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1408:1445 recalcitrant biomass to recover energy 1408:1445 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 5 47 theme metabolite 630:639 arg1 concentration 641:653 The total metabolite concentration 620:653 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation 620:677 The total metabolite concentration from chitin degradation increased seven-fold in MFC compared to the fermentation system, as well as additional electricity generation. 27810527 7 48 from mediators 1189:1197 arg1 MFC 1202:1204 MFC 1202:1204 MFC 1202:1204 Furthermore, more chemicals produced by the addition of exogenous mediators in MFC. 27810527 2 49 theme chitin 292:297 arg1 potential 269:277 the potential 265:277 the potential of degrading chitin for energy recovery 265:317 Thus it is essential to investigate the potential of degrading chitin for energy recovery. 27810527 1 50 from one 105:107 arg1 composition 165:175 the main composition 156:175 the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes) 156:226 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 1 50 from one 105:107 arg1 nature 145:150 nature 145:150 nature 145:150 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 1 51 dep wastes 220:225 arg1 usually 204:210 usually 204:210 usually 204:210 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 27810527 8 52 theme electroactive 1277:1289 arg1 bacterium 1291:1299 an electroactive bacterium 1274:1299 an electroactive bacterium in MFC 1274:1306 This study proves that the chitin could be degraded effectively by an electroactive bacterium in MFC, and our results suggest that this bioelectrochemical system might be useful for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass to recover energy. 27810527 2 53 theme degrading 282:290 arg1 chitin 292:297 degrading chitin 282:297 degrading chitin 282:297 Thus it is essential to investigate the potential of degrading chitin for energy recovery. 27810527 0 54 theme microbial 73:81 arg1 cells 88:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 microbial fuel cells 73:92 Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. 27810527 3 55 theme popular 424:430 arg1 hydrophila 393:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 55 theme popular 424:430 arg1 bacterium 446:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 56 theme electroactive 432:444 arg1 hydrophila 393:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 56 theme electroactive 432:444 arg1 bacterium 446:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 57 theme fuel 492:495 arg1 systems 508:514 both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems 460:514 systems 508:514 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 58 theme chitinolytic 407:418 arg1 hydrophila 393:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 Aeromonas hydrophila 383:402 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 3 58 theme chitinolytic 407:418 arg1 bacterium 446:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium 405:454 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 6 59 theme fermentation 980:991 arg1 systems 993:999 fermentation systems 980:999 fermentation systems 980:999 Moreover, A. hydrophila degraded GlcNAc (the intermediate of chitin hydrolysis) significantly faster (0.97 and 0.94 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) than chitin (0.13 and 0.03 mM C/d/mM-GlcNAc) in MFC and fermentation systems, indicating that extracellular hydrolysis of chitin was the rate-limiting step and this step could be accelerated in MFC. 27810527 3 60 theme cell 497:500 arg1 systems 508:514 both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems 460:514 systems 508:514 This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of chitin by Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinolytic and popular electroactive bacterium, in both fermentation and microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. 27810527 1 61 theme food 215:218 arg1 wastes 220:225 food wastes 215:225 food wastes 215:225 Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and the main composition of shrimp and crab shells (usually as food wastes). 25331721 0 0 theme liquid 114:119 arg1 chromatography 121:134 high-performance liquid chromatography 97:134 high-performance liquid chromatography 97:134 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 1 1 from chromatography 393:406 arg1 columns 439:445 two cellulosed-based chiral columns 411:445 two cellulosed-based chiral columns 411:445 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 7 2 dep -Ancymidol 1070:1079 arg1 + 1068:1068 + 1068:1068 + 1068:1068 (+)-Ancymidol was first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2 while on Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol was first eluted. 25331721 2 3 dep 40 °C 555:559 arg1 to 552:553 to 552:553 to 552:553 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 3 4 with imazalil 656:663 arg1 -enantiomer 680:690 the (+)-enantiomer 673:690 the (+)-enantiomer eluted first 673:703 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 8 5 theme optical 1293:1299 arg1 signals 1301:1307 the optical signals 1289:1307 the optical signals of the enantiomers 1289:1326 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 0 6 theme high-performance 97:112 arg1 chromatography 121:134 high-performance liquid chromatography 97:134 high-performance liquid chromatography 97:134 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 0 7 from enantioseparation 7:23 arg1 column 87:92 cellulose-based chiral column 64:92 cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography 64:134 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 1 8 theme chiral 432:437 arg1 columns 439:445 two cellulosed-based chiral columns 411:445 two cellulosed-based chiral columns 411:445 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 5 9 theme Lux 966:968 arg1 Cellulose-3 970:980 Lux Cellulose-3 966:980 Lux Cellulose-3 966:980 (-)-Carfentrazone-ethyl () were eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3 with incomplete separation. 25331721 3 10 theme Lux 786:788 arg1 Cellulose-3 790:800 Lux Cellulose-3 786:800 Lux Cellulose-3 786:800 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 2 11 from temperature 533:543 arg1 phase 516:520 the mobile phase 505:520 the mobile phase 505:520 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 2 11 from temperature 533:543 arg1 effects 452:458 The effects 448:458 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C 448:559 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 8 12 theme column 1220:1225 arg1 temperatures 1227:1238 different column temperatures 1210:1238 different column temperatures 1210:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 3 13 with fenbuconazole 709:721 arg1 -enantiomer 680:690 the (+)-enantiomer 673:690 the (+)-enantiomer eluted first 673:703 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 9 14 theme chiral 1408:1413 arg1 pesticides 1415:1424 chiral pesticides 1408:1424 chiral pesticides 1408:1424 These results will be helpful to prepare and analyze individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides. 25331721 1 15 dep bitertanol 195:204 arg1 diclobutrazol 210:222 diclobutrazol 210:222 diclobutrazol ( 210:224 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 4 16 theme triapenthenol 843:855 arg1 -Enantiomers 806:817 (+)-Enantiomers 803:817 (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol () and triapenthenol () 803:858 (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol () and triapenthenol () were first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2. 25331721 7 17 theme Lux 1101:1103 arg1 Cellulose-2 1105:1115 Lux Cellulose-2 1101:1115 Lux Cellulose-2 1101:1115 (+)-Ancymidol was first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2 while on Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol was first eluted. 25331721 7 18 theme Cellulose-3 1130:1140 arg1 -ancymidol 1145:1154 Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol 1126:1154 Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol 1126:1154 (+)-Ancymidol was first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2 while on Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol was first eluted. 25331721 2 19 theme 2 492:492 arg1 % 493:493 % 493:493 % 493:493 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 8 20 theme order 1201:1205 arg1 results 1178:1184 The results 1174:1184 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures 1174:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 2 21 theme 30 498:499 arg1 % 493:493 % 493:493 % 493:493 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 5 22 theme incomplete 987:996 arg1 separation 998:1007 incomplete separation 987:1007 incomplete separation 987:1007 (-)-Carfentrazone-ethyl () were eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3 with incomplete separation. 25331721 8 23 from results 1178:1184 arg1 temperatures 1227:1238 different column temperatures 1210:1238 different column temperatures 1210:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 8 24 theme elution 1193:1199 arg1 order 1201:1205 the elution order 1189:1205 the elution order at different column temperatures 1189:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 3 25 theme the 673:675 arg1 -enantiomer 680:690 the (+)-enantiomer 673:690 the (+)-enantiomer eluted first 673:703 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 9 26 theme pesticides 1415:1424 arg1 enantiomers 1393:1403 individual enantiomers 1382:1403 individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides 1382:1424 These results will be helpful to prepare and analyze individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides. 25331721 8 27 theme different 1210:1218 arg1 temperatures 1227:1238 different column temperatures 1210:1238 different column temperatures 1210:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 0 28 theme Direct 0:5 arg1 enantioseparation 7:23 Direct enantioseparation 0:23 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 0:135 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 5 29 dep -Carfentrazone-ethyl 901:920 arg1 - 899:899 - 899:899 - 899:899 (-)-Carfentrazone-ethyl () were eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3 with incomplete separation. 25331721 0 30 theme nitrogen-heterocyclic 28:48 arg1 pesticides 50:59 nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides 28:59 nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides 28:59 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 2 31 from 40 °C 555:559 arg1 % 500:500 2% to 30% 492:500 2% to 30% in the mobile phase 492:520 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 2 31 from 40 °C 555:559 arg1 temperature 533:543 column temperature 526:543 column temperature from 5 to 40 °C 526:559 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 2 32 theme column 526:531 arg1 temperature 533:543 column temperature 526:543 column temperature from 5 to 40 °C 526:559 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 4 33 theme diclobutrazol 822:834 arg1 -Enantiomers 806:817 (+)-Enantiomers 803:817 (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol () and triapenthenol () 803:858 (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol () and triapenthenol () were first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2. 25331721 5 34 theme Lux 946:948 arg1 Cellulose-2 950:960 Lux Cellulose-2 946:960 Lux Cellulose-2 946:960 (-)-Carfentrazone-ethyl () were eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3 with incomplete separation. 25331721 1 35 theme enantiomeric 141:152 arg1 separation 154:163 The enantiomeric separation 137:163 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () 137:334 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 9 36 theme individual 1382:1391 arg1 enantiomers 1393:1403 individual enantiomers 1382:1403 individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides 1382:1424 These results will be helpful to prepare and analyze individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides. 25331721 2 37 theme composition 475:485 arg1 effects 452:458 The effects 448:458 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C 448:559 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 1 38 theme normal-phase 356:367 arg1 chromatography 393:406 normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 356:406 normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns 356:445 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 0 39 theme pesticides 50:59 arg1 enantioseparation 7:23 Direct enantioseparation 0:23 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 0:135 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 2 40 theme isopropanol 463:473 arg1 composition 475:485 isopropanol composition 463:485 isopropanol composition 463:485 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 1 41 theme high-performance 369:384 arg1 chromatography 393:406 normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 356:406 normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns 356:445 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 2 42 theme mobile 509:514 arg1 phase 516:520 the mobile phase 505:520 the mobile phase 505:520 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 0 43 theme chiral 80:85 arg1 column 87:92 cellulose-based chiral column 64:92 cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography 64:134 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 1 44 theme liquid 386:391 arg1 chromatography 393:406 normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 356:406 normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns 356:445 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 0 45 theme cellulose-based 64:78 arg1 column 87:92 cellulose-based chiral column 64:92 cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography 64:134 Direct enantioseparation of nitrogen-heterocyclic pesticides on cellulose-based chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography. 25331721 2 46 from % 500:500 arg1 phase 516:520 the mobile phase 505:520 the mobile phase 505:520 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 2 46 from % 500:500 arg1 effects 452:458 The effects 448:458 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C 448:559 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 8 47 theme column 1255:1260 arg1 temperature 1262:1272 column temperature 1255:1272 column temperature 1255:1272 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 6 48 theme elution 1019:1025 arg1 orders 1027:1032 Reversed elution orders 1010:1032 Reversed elution orders 1010:1032 Reversed elution orders were obtained for ancymidol (7). 25331721 8 49 theme enantiomers 1316:1326 arg1 signals 1301:1307 the optical signals 1289:1307 the optical signals of the enantiomers 1289:1326 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 6 50 theme Reversed 1010:1017 arg1 orders 1027:1032 Reversed elution orders 1010:1032 Reversed elution orders 1010:1032 Reversed elution orders were obtained for ancymidol (7). 25331721 2 51 dep % 493:493 arg1 to 495:496 to 495:496 to 495:496 The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. 25331721 3 52 dep triticonazole 638:650 arg1 fenbuconazole 709:721 fenbuconazole 709:721 fenbuconazole 709:721 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 3 52 dep triticonazole 638:650 arg1 imazalil 656:663 imazalil 656:663 imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first 656:703 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 1 53 theme pesticides 174:183 arg1 separation 154:163 The enantiomeric separation 137:163 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () 137:334 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 3 54 dep bitertanol 623:632 arg1 triticonazole 638:650 triticonazole () 638:653 triticonazole () 638:653 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 1 55 theme cellulosed-based 415:430 arg1 columns 439:445 two cellulosed-based chiral columns 411:445 two cellulosed-based chiral columns 411:445 The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol (), diclobutrazol (), fenbuconazole (), triticonazole (), imazalil (), triapenthenol (), ancymidol (), and carfentrazone-ethyl () was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. 25331721 3 56 theme Satisfactory 580:591 arg1 resolutions 593:603 Satisfactory resolutions 580:603 Satisfactory resolutions 580:603 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 3 57 theme Lux 766:768 arg1 Cellulose-2 770:780 Lux Cellulose-2 766:780 Lux Cellulose-2 766:780 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 25331721 4 58 dep -Enantiomers 806:817 arg1 + 804:804 + 804:804 + 804:804 (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol () and triapenthenol () were first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2. 25331721 4 59 theme Lux 881:883 arg1 Cellulose-2 885:895 Lux Cellulose-2 881:895 Lux Cellulose-2 881:895 (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol () and triapenthenol () were first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2. 25331721 7 60 theme Lux 1126:1128 arg1 Cellulose-3 1130:1140 Lux Cellulose-3 1126:1140 Lux Cellulose-3 1126:1140 (+)-Ancymidol was first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2 while on Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol was first eluted. 25331721 8 61 from temperatures 1227:1238 arg1 order 1201:1205 the elution order 1189:1205 the elution order at different column temperatures 1189:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 8 61 from temperatures 1227:1238 arg1 results 1178:1184 The results 1174:1184 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures 1174:1238 The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. 25331721 3 62 theme the 731:733 arg1 -enantiomer 738:748 the (-)-enantiomer 731:748 the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3 731:800 Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol (), triticonazole (), imazalil () with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole () with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. 27410967 2 0 theme fermentation 436:447 arg1 experiments 449:459 in vitro fermentation experiments 427:459 in vitro fermentation experiments 427:459 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 3 1 theme microbiota 664:673 arg1 fermentations 675:687 the obese microbiota fermentations 654:687 the obese microbiota fermentations 654:687 Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. 27410967 2 2 theme dietary 324:330 arg1 inulin 360:365 inulin 360:365 inulin 360:365 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 2 theme dietary 324:330 arg1 arabinogalactan 340:354 arabinogalactan 340:354 arabinogalactan 340:354 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 2 theme dietary 324:330 arg1 fibers 332:337 two dietary fibers 320:337 two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) 320:366 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 8 3 dep CONCLUSIONS 1406:1416 arg1 needed 1461:1466 needed 1461:1466 are needed 1457:1466 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 7 4 theme significant 1188:1198 arg1 correlation 1200:1210 a significant correlation 1186:1210 a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas 1186:1393 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 2 5 from subjects 406:413 arg1 microbiota 375:384 the microbiota 371:384 the microbiota from lean and obese subjects 371:413 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 7 6 theme butyrogenic 1226:1236 arg1 strains 1238:1244 known butyrogenic strains 1220:1244 known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii 1220:1322 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 7 6 theme butyrogenic 1226:1236 arg1 adolescentis 1259:1270 B. adolescentis 1256:1270 B. adolescentis 1256:1270 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 7 6 theme butyrogenic 1226:1236 arg1 F. 1309:1310 F. 1309:1310 F. 1309:1310 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 7 6 theme butyrogenic 1226:1236 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1289:1303 an unclassified Bifidobacterium 1273:1303 an unclassified Bifidobacterium 1273:1303 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 5 7 theme fibers 909:914 arg1 fermentation 888:899 the fermentation 884:899 the fermentation of both fibers 884:914 Furthermore, the obese microbiota extracted more energy from the fermentation of both fibers. 27410967 2 8 theme dynamic 485:491 arg1 model 502:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model 467:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon 467:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 9 dep in 427:428 arg1 vitro 430:434 vitro 430:434 vitro 430:434 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 1 10 dep BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 proposed 225:232 proposed 225:232 has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease 216:280 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 2 11 theme TNO 481:483 arg1 model 502:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model 467:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon 467:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 0 12 from Subjects 39:46 arg1 Microbiota 8:17 The Gut Microbiota 0:17 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects 0:46 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. 27410967 4 13 theme more 727:730 arg1 n-butyrate 732:741 more n-butyrate 727:741 more n-butyrate 727:741 In general, lean microbiota produced more n-butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. 27410967 2 14 theme validated 471:479 arg1 model 502:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model 467:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon 467:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 15 from effect 310:315 arg1 microbiota 375:384 the microbiota 371:384 the microbiota from lean and obese subjects 371:413 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 6 16 theme potential 1145:1153 arg1 role 1155:1158 a potential role 1143:1158 a potential role in leanness 1143:1170 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 6 17 theme Bifidobacterium 1021:1035 arg1 genera 1037:1042 Bifidobacterium genera 1021:1042 Bifidobacterium genera 1021:1042 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 0 18 theme Arabinogalactan 94:108 arg1 Fermentation 78:89 the Fermentation 74:89 the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin 74:119 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. 27410967 8 19 theme ingredients 1542:1552 arg1 consumption 1518:1528 the consumption 1514:1528 the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity 1514:1624 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 4 20 theme obese 805:809 arg1 microbiota 811:820 the obese microbiota 801:820 the obese microbiota 801:820 In general, lean microbiota produced more n-butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. 27410967 7 21 with correlation 1200:1210 arg1 metabolite 1334:1343 this metabolite 1329:1343 this metabolite 1329:1343 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 2 22 dep fibers 332:337 arg1 inulin 360:365 inulin 360:365 inulin 360:365 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 22 dep fibers 332:337 arg1 arabinogalactan 340:354 arabinogalactan 340:354 arabinogalactan 340:354 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 22 dep fibers 332:337 arg1 fibers 332:337 two dietary fibers 320:337 two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) 320:366 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 7 23 from fermentation 1352:1363 arg1 microbiotas 1383:1393 both microbiotas 1378:1393 both microbiotas 1378:1393 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 1 24 theme compositional 169:181 arg1 alteration 183:192 a compositional alteration 167:192 a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota 167:214 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 24 theme compositional 169:181 arg1 activity 155:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 24 theme compositional 169:181 arg1 factor 239:244 a factor 237:244 a factor that makes us more prone to disease 237:280 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 0 25 theme Gut 4:6 arg1 Microbiota 8:17 The Gut Microbiota 0:17 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects 0:46 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. 27410967 8 26 theme specific 1533:1540 arg1 ingredients 1542:1552 specific ingredients 1533:1552 specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity 1533:1624 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 7 27 theme unclassified 1276:1287 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1289:1303 an unclassified Bifidobacterium 1273:1303 an unclassified Bifidobacterium 1273:1303 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 4 28 theme lean 702:705 arg1 microbiota 707:716 lean microbiota 702:716 lean microbiota 702:716 In general, lean microbiota produced more n-butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. 27410967 6 29 from role 1155:1158 arg1 leanness 1163:1170 leanness 1163:1170 leanness 1163:1170 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 5 30 theme obese 840:844 arg1 microbiota 846:855 the obese microbiota 836:855 the obese microbiota 836:855 Furthermore, the obese microbiota extracted more energy from the fermentation of both fibers. 27410967 2 31 theme obese 400:404 arg1 subjects 406:413 lean and obese subjects 391:413 lean and obese subjects 391:413 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 32 dep explored 297:304 arg1 TIM-2 531:535 TIM-2 531:535 TIM-2 531:535 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 2 32 dep explored 297:304 arg1 using 461:465 using 461:465 using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon 461:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 4 33 theme substrates 773:782 arg1 fermentation 752:763 the fermentation 748:763 the fermentation of both substrates 748:782 In general, lean microbiota produced more n-butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. 27410967 6 34 theme lean 1116:1119 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 the lean microbiota 1112:1130 the lean microbiota 1112:1130 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 8 35 with ingredients 1542:1552 arg1 aim 1563:1565 the aim 1559:1565 the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity 1559:1624 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 2 36 theme lean 391:394 arg1 subjects 406:413 lean and obese subjects 391:413 lean and obese subjects 391:413 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 0 37 theme Inulin 114:119 arg1 Fermentation 78:89 the Fermentation 74:89 the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin 74:119 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. 27410967 1 38 theme gut 201:203 arg1 microbiota 205:214 the gut microbiota 197:214 the gut microbiota 197:214 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 2 39 theme in 427:428 arg1 experiments 449:459 in vitro fermentation experiments 427:459 in vitro fermentation experiments 427:459 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 8 40 theme obesity 1618:1624 arg1 context 1607:1613 the context 1603:1613 the context of obesity 1603:1624 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 3 41 theme propionate 612:621 arg1 production 598:607 a higher production 589:607 a higher production of propionate 589:621 Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. 27410967 1 42 theme microbiota 205:214 arg1 alteration 183:192 a compositional alteration 167:192 a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota 167:214 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 42 theme microbiota 205:214 arg1 activity 155:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 42 theme microbiota 205:214 arg1 factor 239:244 a factor 237:244 a factor that makes us more prone to disease 237:280 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 0 43 theme Lean 24:27 arg1 Subjects 39:46 Lean and Obese Subjects 24:46 Lean and Obese Subjects 24:46 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. 27410967 2 44 theme in 493:494 arg1 model 502:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model 467:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon 467:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 3 45 theme higher 591:596 arg1 production 598:607 a higher production 589:607 a higher production of propionate 589:621 Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. 27410967 6 46 dep RESULTS 917:923 arg1 found 1049:1053 found 1049:1053 found to be highly abundant 1049:1075 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 6 46 dep RESULTS 917:923 arg1 stimulated 1080:1089 stimulated 1080:1089 stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness 1080:1170 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 7 47 theme inulin 1368:1373 arg1 fermentation 1352:1363 the fermentation 1348:1363 the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas 1348:1393 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 0 48 theme Obese 33:37 arg1 Subjects 39:46 Lean and Obese Subjects 24:46 Lean and Obese Subjects 24:46 The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. 27410967 2 49 theme colon 524:528 arg1 model 502:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model 467:506 the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon 467:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 8 50 theme current 1473:1479 arg1 study 1481:1485 the current study 1469:1485 the current study 1469:1485 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 8 51 theme in 1441:1442 arg1 studies 1449:1455 supplementary in vivo studies 1427:1455 supplementary in vivo studies 1427:1455 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 8 52 dep in 1441:1442 arg1 vivo 1444:1447 vivo 1444:1447 vivo 1444:1447 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 8 53 theme gut 1585:1587 arg1 microbiota 1589:1598 the gut microbiota 1581:1598 the gut microbiota 1581:1598 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 2 54 theme proximal 515:522 arg1 colon 524:528 the proximal colon 511:528 the proximal colon 511:528 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 8 55 theme supplementary 1427:1439 arg1 studies 1449:1455 supplementary in vivo studies 1427:1455 supplementary in vivo studies 1427:1455 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 6 56 from prebiotics 1098:1107 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 the lean microbiota 1112:1130 the lean microbiota 1112:1130 RESULTS Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. 27410967 7 57 from correlation 1200:1210 arg1 fermentation 1352:1363 the fermentation 1348:1363 the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas 1348:1393 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 8 58 theme more 1496:1499 arg1 evidence 1501:1508 more evidence 1496:1508 more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity 1496:1624 CONCLUSIONS Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity. 27410967 1 59 theme metabolic 145:153 arg1 alteration 183:192 a compositional alteration 167:192 a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota 167:214 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 59 theme metabolic 145:153 arg1 activity 155:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 59 theme metabolic 145:153 arg1 factor 239:244 a factor 237:244 a factor that makes us more prone to disease 237:280 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 3 60 theme arabinogalactan 553:567 arg1 fermentation 569:580 arabinogalactan fermentation 553:580 arabinogalactan fermentation 553:580 Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. 27410967 1 61 theme aberrant 136:143 arg1 alteration 183:192 a compositional alteration 167:192 a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota 167:214 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 61 theme aberrant 136:143 arg1 activity 155:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 An aberrant metabolic activity 133:162 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 1 61 theme aberrant 136:143 arg1 factor 239:244 a factor 237:244 a factor that makes us more prone to disease 237:280 BACKGROUND An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. 27410967 3 62 theme obese 658:662 arg1 fermentations 675:687 the obese microbiota fermentations 654:687 the obese microbiota fermentations 654:687 Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. 27410967 7 63 dep F. 1309:1310 arg1 prausnitzii 1312:1322 F. prausnitzii 1309:1322 F. prausnitzii 1309:1322 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 2 64 theme fibers 332:337 arg1 effect 310:315 the effect 306:315 the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects 306:413 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 27410967 7 65 theme known 1220:1224 arg1 strains 1238:1244 known butyrogenic strains 1220:1244 known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii 1220:1322 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 7 65 theme known 1220:1224 arg1 adolescentis 1259:1270 B. adolescentis 1256:1270 B. adolescentis 1256:1270 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 7 65 theme known 1220:1224 arg1 F. 1309:1310 F. 1309:1310 F. 1309:1310 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 7 65 theme known 1220:1224 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1289:1303 an unclassified Bifidobacterium 1273:1303 an unclassified Bifidobacterium 1273:1303 Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. 27410967 2 66 dep in 493:494 arg1 vitro 496:500 vitro 496:500 vitro 496:500 Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. 26366533 4 0 theme adsorption 630:639 arg1 capacity 641:648 the maximum adsorption capacity 618:648 the maximum adsorption capacity 618:648 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 1 1 theme -immobilized 108:119 arg1 composite 153:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 1 2 theme scanning 243:250 arg1 microscopy 261:270 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 228:270 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 228:270 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 3 3 from Effects 397:403 arg1 adsorption 514:523 MO adsorption 511:523 MO adsorption 511:523 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 5 4 from feasible 827:834 arg1 nature 868:873 nature 868:873 nature 868:873 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 1 5 theme cross-linked 121:132 arg1 composite 153:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 1 6 theme electron 252:259 arg1 microscopy 261:270 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 228:270 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 228:270 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 0 7 theme cross-linked 56:67 arg1 composite 88:96 cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 56:96 cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 56:96 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite. 26366533 4 8 theme kinetic 692:698 arg1 data 700:703 The kinetic data 688:703 The kinetic data 688:703 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 3 9 theme time 503:506 arg1 Effects 397:403 Effects 397:403 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption 397:523 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 1 10 theme microscopy 261:270 arg1 techniques 295:304 Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques 200:304 Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques 200:304 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 2 11 theme methyl 354:359 arg1 MO 369:370 MO 369:370 MO 369:370 This composite was utilized for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. 26366533 2 11 theme methyl 354:359 arg1 orange 361:366 methyl orange 354:366 methyl orange (MO) 354:371 This composite was utilized for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. 26366533 4 12 dep 303K 667:670 arg1 pH. 684:686 pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model 684:756 pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model 684:756 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 4 13 theme maximum 622:628 arg1 capacity 641:648 the maximum adsorption capacity 618:648 the maximum adsorption capacity 618:648 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 4 14 dep pH. 684:686 arg1 described 715:723 described 715:723 were well described by the pseudo-second-order model 705:756 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 3 15 theme adsorbent 473:481 arg1 dosage 483:488 adsorbent dosage 473:488 adsorbent dosage 473:488 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 1 16 theme chitosan/bentonite 134:151 arg1 composite 153:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 0 17 theme chitosan/bentonite 69:86 arg1 composite 88:96 cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 56:96 cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 56:96 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite. 26366533 2 18 used utilized 326:333 arg2 composite 312:320 This composite 307:320 This composite 307:320 This composite was utilized for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. 26366533 3 19 theme dosage 483:488 arg1 Effects 397:403 Effects 397:403 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption 397:523 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 5 20 theme adsorption 798:807 arg1 feasible 827:834 feasible 827:834 feasible 827:834 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 5 20 theme adsorption 798:807 arg1 process 809:815 the adsorption process 794:815 the adsorption process of MO 794:821 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 4 21 theme Langmuir 598:605 arg1 model 607:611 the Langmuir model 594:611 the Langmuir model 594:611 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 3 22 theme MO 511:512 arg1 adsorption 514:523 MO adsorption 511:523 MO adsorption 511:523 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 23 theme loading 412:418 arg1 amount 420:425 the loading amount 408:425 the loading amount of Zr (IV) 408:436 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 23 theme loading 412:418 arg1 IV 434:435 IV 434:435 IV 434:435 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 23 theme loading 412:418 arg1 solutions 462:470 MO solutions 459:470 MO solutions 459:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 23 theme loading 412:418 arg1 Zr 430:431 Zr 430:431 Zr (IV) 430:436 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 0 24 theme orange 21:26 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV) 0:42 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite. 26366533 1 25 theme X-ray 277:281 arg1 diffraction 283:293 X-ray diffraction 277:293 X-ray diffraction 277:293 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 3 26 theme contact 495:501 arg1 time 503:506 contact time 495:506 contact time 495:506 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 5 27 theme thermodynamic 763:775 arg1 data 777:780 The thermodynamic data 759:780 The thermodynamic data 759:780 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 0 28 theme methyl 14:19 arg1 MO 29:30 MO 29:30 MO 29:30 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite. 26366533 0 28 theme methyl 14:19 arg1 orange 21:26 methyl orange 14:26 methyl orange (MO) 14:31 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite. 26366533 1 29 theme diffraction 283:293 arg1 techniques 295:304 Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques 200:304 Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques 200:304 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 1 30 link cross-linked 121:132 arg1 composite 153:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 3 31 theme MO 459:460 arg1 solutions 462:470 MO solutions 459:470 MO solutions 459:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 5 32 theme MO 820:821 arg1 feasible 827:834 feasible 827:834 feasible 827:834 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 5 32 theme MO 820:821 arg1 process 809:815 the adsorption process 794:815 the adsorption process of MO 794:821 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 solutions 462:470 MO solutions 459:470 MO solutions 459:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 amount 420:425 the loading amount 408:425 the loading amount of Zr (IV) 408:436 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 time 503:506 contact time 495:506 contact time 495:506 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 value 450:454 initial pH value 439:454 initial pH value of MO solutions 439:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 dosage 483:488 adsorbent dosage 473:488 adsorbent dosage 473:488 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 Zr 430:431 Zr 430:431 Zr (IV) 430:436 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 33 theme Zr 430:431 arg1 IV 434:435 IV 434:435 IV 434:435 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 2 34 theme aqueous 378:384 arg1 solutions 386:394 aqueous solutions 378:394 aqueous solutions 378:394 This composite was utilized for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. 26366533 1 35 dep transform 208:216 arg1 infrared 218:225 infrared 218:225 transform infrared 208:225 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 4 36 theme pseudo-second-order 732:750 arg1 model 752:756 the pseudo-second-order model 728:756 the pseudo-second-order model 728:756 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 1 37 theme Fourier 200:206 arg1 techniques 295:304 Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques 200:304 Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques 200:304 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 3 38 theme amount 420:425 arg1 Effects 397:403 Effects 397:403 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption 397:523 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 39 theme pH 447:448 arg1 value 450:454 initial pH value 439:454 initial pH value of MO solutions 439:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 40 theme value 450:454 arg1 Effects 397:403 Effects 397:403 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption 397:523 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 1 41 theme Zr 101:102 arg1 composite 153:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 99:161 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 4 42 theme adsorption 546:555 arg1 data 566:569 The adsorption isotherm data 542:569 The adsorption isotherm data 542:569 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 1 43 dep Fourier 200:206 arg1 transform 208:216 transform 208:216 transform infrared 208:225 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26366533 3 44 theme initial 439:445 arg1 value 450:454 initial pH value 439:454 initial pH value of MO solutions 439:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 2 45 from solutions 386:394 arg1 removal 343:349 the removal 339:349 the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions 339:394 This composite was utilized for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 solutions 462:470 MO solutions 459:470 MO solutions 459:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 amount 420:425 the loading amount 408:425 the loading amount of Zr (IV) 408:436 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 time 503:506 contact time 495:506 contact time 495:506 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 value 450:454 initial pH value 439:454 initial pH value of MO solutions 439:470 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 dosage 483:488 adsorbent dosage 473:488 adsorbent dosage 473:488 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 Zr 430:431 Zr 430:431 Zr (IV) 430:436 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 3 46 theme solutions 462:470 arg1 IV 434:435 IV 434:435 IV 434:435 Effects of the loading amount of Zr (IV), initial pH value of MO solutions, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MO adsorption were considered. 26366533 5 47 from nature 868:873 arg1 feasible 827:834 feasible 827:834 feasible 827:834 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 5 47 from nature 868:873 arg1 process 809:815 the adsorption process 794:815 the adsorption process of MO 794:821 The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of MO was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. 26366533 4 48 theme isotherm 557:564 arg1 data 566:569 The adsorption isotherm data 542:569 The adsorption isotherm data 542:569 The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 438.6mg/g at 303K and natural pH. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. 26366533 0 49 link cross-linked 56:67 arg1 composite 88:96 cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 56:96 cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite 56:96 Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) by Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite. 26366533 2 50 theme orange 361:366 arg1 removal 343:349 the removal 339:349 the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions 339:394 This composite was utilized for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. 26366533 1 51 theme field-emission 228:241 arg1 microscopy 261:270 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 228:270 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 228:270 A Zr (IV)-immobilized cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. 26043825 0 0 theme hardness 79:86 arg1 measurements 88:99 local hardness measurements 73:99 local hardness measurements 73:99 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. 26043825 1 1 from forms 166:170 arg1 field 124:128 the pharmaceutical field 105:128 the pharmaceutical field 105:128 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 7 2 theme given 920:924 arg1 system 926:931 this given system 915:931 this given system 915:931 Constants were determined from the two extreme compositions of this given system. 26043825 4 3 theme microcrystalline 584:599 arg1 cellulose 601:609 microcrystalline cellulose 584:609 microcrystalline cellulose 584:609 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 0 4 theme local 73:77 arg1 measurements 88:99 local hardness measurements 73:99 local hardness measurements 73:99 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. 26043825 1 5 theme common 152:157 arg1 tablets 131:137 tablets 131:137 tablets 131:137 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 1 5 theme common 152:157 arg1 forms 166:170 the most common dosage forms 143:170 the most common dosage forms for oral administration 143:194 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 4 6 theme microscopic 502:512 arg1 hardness 514:521 microscopic hardness 502:521 microscopic hardness 502:521 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 6 7 theme tablet 836:841 arg1 measurements 792:803 two physical measurements 779:803 two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density 779:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 7 theme tablet 836:841 arg1 density 843:849 tablet density 836:849 tablet density 836:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 8 dep measurements 792:803 arg1 measurements 792:803 two physical measurements 779:803 two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density 779:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 8 dep measurements 792:803 arg1 hardness 823:830 hardness 823:830 hardness 823:830 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 8 dep measurements 792:803 arg1 density 843:849 tablet density 836:849 tablet density 836:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 1 9 theme dosage 159:164 arg1 tablets 131:137 tablets 131:137 tablets 131:137 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 1 9 theme dosage 159:164 arg1 forms 166:170 the most common dosage forms 143:170 the most common dosage forms for oral administration 143:194 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 8 10 dep Wu 1038:1039 arg1 al 1044:1045 Wu et al 1038:1045 Wu et al. (2005) 1038:1053 This model was validated with experimental results, and a comparison was made with the one developed by Wu et al. (2005). 26043825 4 11 theme present 487:493 arg1 study 495:499 the present study 483:499 the present study 483:499 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 4 12 theme tablets 566:572 arg1 strength 547:554 macroscopic tensile strength 527:554 macroscopic tensile strength 527:554 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 4 12 theme tablets 566:572 arg1 hardness 514:521 microscopic hardness 502:521 microscopic hardness 502:521 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 6 13 theme reachable 812:820 arg1 measurements 792:803 two physical measurements 779:803 two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density 779:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 13 theme reachable 812:820 arg1 hardness 823:830 hardness 823:830 hardness 823:830 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 13 theme reachable 812:820 arg1 density 843:849 tablet density 836:849 tablet density 836:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 3 14 theme tensile 424:430 arg1 parameter 457:465 an essential parameter 444:465 an essential parameter to consider 444:477 Accordingly, the tensile strength is an essential parameter to consider. 26043825 3 14 theme tensile 424:430 arg1 strength 432:439 the tensile strength 420:439 the tensile strength 420:439 Accordingly, the tensile strength is an essential parameter to consider. 26043825 0 15 theme Predictive 0:9 arg1 model 11:15 Predictive model 0:15 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets 0:62 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. 26043825 4 16 theme binary 559:564 arg1 tablets 566:572 binary tablets 559:572 binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions 559:645 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 2 17 theme mechanical 290:299 arg1 strength 301:308 a suitable mechanical strength 279:308 a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration 279:404 During the manufacture of tablets, measures are taken to assure that they possess a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration. 26043825 1 18 theme oral 176:179 arg1 administration 181:194 oral administration 176:194 oral administration 176:194 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 0 19 theme tensile 21:27 arg1 strength 29:36 tensile strength 21:36 tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets 21:62 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. 26043825 2 20 theme suitable 281:288 arg1 strength 301:308 a suitable mechanical strength 279:308 a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration 279:404 During the manufacture of tablets, measures are taken to assure that they possess a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration. 26043825 10 21 from scale 1225:1229 arg1 characteristic 1195:1208 a tablet characteristic 1186:1208 a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed 1186:1261 Nonetheless, with this model, the tablet tensile strength can be connected with a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed. 26043825 5 22 theme binary 731:736 arg1 mixture 738:744 binary mixture 731:744 binary mixture 731:744 A relationship between these two mechanical properties was found for binary mixture. 26043825 9 23 theme studied 1090:1096 arg1 system 1098:1103 this studied system 1085:1103 this studied system 1085:1103 Both models are relevant for this studied system. 26043825 2 24 contain possess 271:277 arg1 they 266:269 they 266:269 they 266:269 During the manufacture of tablets, measures are taken to assure that they possess a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration. 26043825 2 24 contain possess 271:277 arg2 strength 301:308 a suitable mechanical strength 279:308 a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration 279:404 During the manufacture of tablets, measures are taken to assure that they possess a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration. 26043825 3 25 theme essential 447:455 arg1 parameter 457:465 an essential parameter 444:465 an essential parameter to consider 444:477 Accordingly, the tensile strength is an essential parameter to consider. 26043825 3 25 theme essential 447:455 arg1 strength 432:439 the tensile strength 420:439 the tensile strength 420:439 Accordingly, the tensile strength is an essential parameter to consider. 26043825 4 26 theme macroscopic 527:537 arg1 strength 547:554 macroscopic tensile strength 527:554 macroscopic tensile strength 527:554 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 2 27 theme tablets 223:229 arg1 manufacture 208:218 the manufacture 204:218 the manufacture of tablets 204:229 During the manufacture of tablets, measures are taken to assure that they possess a suitable mechanical strength to avoid crumbling or breaking when handling while ensuring disintegration after administration. 26043825 6 28 theme physical 783:790 arg1 measurements 792:803 two physical measurements 779:803 two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density 779:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 28 theme physical 783:790 arg1 hardness 823:830 hardness 823:830 hardness 823:830 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 6 28 theme physical 783:790 arg1 density 843:849 tablet density 836:849 tablet density 836:849 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 0 29 theme tablets 56:62 arg1 strength 29:36 tensile strength 21:36 tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets 21:62 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. 26043825 5 30 theme mechanical 695:704 arg1 properties 706:715 these two mechanical properties 685:715 these two mechanical properties 685:715 A relationship between these two mechanical properties was found for binary mixture. 26043825 1 31 theme pharmaceutical 109:122 arg1 field 124:128 the pharmaceutical field 105:128 the pharmaceutical field 105:128 In the pharmaceutical field, tablets are the most common dosage forms for oral administration. 26043825 0 32 theme pharmaceutical 41:54 arg1 tablets 56:62 pharmaceutical tablets 41:62 pharmaceutical tablets 41:62 Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. 26043825 8 33 theme experimental 964:975 arg1 results 977:983 experimental results 964:983 experimental results 964:983 This model was validated with experimental results, and a comparison was made with the one developed by Wu et al. (2005). 26043825 10 34 theme microscopic 1213:1223 arg1 scale 1225:1229 microscopic scale 1213:1229 microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed 1213:1261 Nonetheless, with this model, the tablet tensile strength can be connected with a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed. 26043825 4 35 theme tensile 539:545 arg1 strength 547:554 macroscopic tensile strength 527:554 macroscopic tensile strength 527:554 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 26043825 7 36 theme extreme 891:897 arg1 compositions 899:910 the two extreme compositions 883:910 the two extreme compositions of this given system 883:931 Constants were determined from the two extreme compositions of this given system. 26043825 7 37 theme system 926:931 arg1 compositions 899:910 the two extreme compositions 883:910 the two extreme compositions of this given system 883:931 Constants were determined from the two extreme compositions of this given system. 26043825 10 38 theme tablet 1188:1193 arg1 characteristic 1195:1208 a tablet characteristic 1186:1208 a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed 1186:1261 Nonetheless, with this model, the tablet tensile strength can be connected with a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed. 26043825 10 39 theme tensile 1147:1153 arg1 strength 1155:1162 the tablet tensile strength 1136:1162 the tablet tensile strength 1136:1162 Nonetheless, with this model, the tablet tensile strength can be connected with a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed. 26043825 10 40 theme tablet 1140:1145 arg1 strength 1155:1162 the tablet tensile strength 1136:1162 the tablet tensile strength 1136:1162 Nonetheless, with this model, the tablet tensile strength can be connected with a tablet characteristic at microscopic scale in which porosity is not needed. 26043825 6 41 theme proposed 751:758 arg1 model 760:764 The proposed model 747:764 The proposed model 747:764 The proposed model was based on two physical measurements easily reachable: hardness and tablet density. 26043825 4 42 theme various 627:633 arg1 proportions 635:645 various proportions 627:645 various proportions 627:645 In the present study, microscopic hardness and macroscopic tensile strength of binary tablets made from microcrystalline cellulose and caffeine in various proportions were measured. 24731343 6 0 theme mass 906:909 arg1 changes 714:720 the main changes 705:720 the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples 705:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 6 0 theme mass 906:909 arg1 loss 823:826 a loss 821:826 a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass 821:909 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 5 1 theme ethylene 645:652 arg1 production 654:663 the ethylene production 641:663 the ethylene production of the apples 641:677 Furthermore, the firmness and the ethylene production of the apples were assessed. 24731343 1 2 theme Jonagold 158:165 arg1 apple 167:171 Jonagold apple 158:171 Jonagold apple 158:171 This study aimed at understanding softening in Jonagold apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) 24731343 4 3 theme pectic 581:586 arg1 material 588:595 the pectic material 577:595 the pectic material 577:595 The composition of the pectic material was analysed. 24731343 6 4 theme molar 900:904 arg1 mass 906:909 decreased molar mass 890:909 decreased molar mass 890:909 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 7 5 theme important 941:949 arg1 polygalacturonase 1037:1053 polygalacturonase 1037:1053 polygalacturonase 1037:1053 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 7 5 theme important 941:949 arg1 methylesterase 1066:1079 pectin methylesterase 1059:1079 pectin methylesterase 1059:1079 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 7 5 theme important 941:949 arg1 α-arabinofuranosidase 1014:1034 α-arabinofuranosidase 1014:1034 α-arabinofuranosidase 1014:1034 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 7 5 theme important 941:949 arg1 β-galactosidase 997:1011 β-galactosidase 997:1011 β-galactosidase 997:1011 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 7 5 theme important 941:949 arg1 enzymes 951:957 four important enzymes 936:957 four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening 936:994 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 0 6 theme apples 103:108 arg1 softening 81:89 postharvest softening 69:89 postharvest softening of Jonagold apples 69:108 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 6 7 theme decreased 890:898 arg1 mass 906:909 decreased molar mass 890:909 decreased molar mass 890:909 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 6 8 theme Jonagold 800:807 arg1 apples 809:814 Jonagold apples 800:814 Jonagold apples 800:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 0 9 theme Jonagold 94:101 arg1 apples 103:108 Jonagold apples 94:108 Jonagold apples 94:108 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 1 10 from softening 145:153 arg1 apple 167:171 Jonagold apple 158:171 Jonagold apple 158:171 This study aimed at understanding softening in Jonagold apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) 24731343 2 11 theme postharvest 297:307 arg1 storage 309:315 postharvest storage 297:315 postharvest storage 297:315 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 6 12 theme main 709:712 arg1 changes 714:720 the main changes 705:720 the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples 705:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 6 12 theme main 709:712 arg1 loss 823:826 a loss 821:826 a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass 821:909 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 4 13 theme material 588:595 arg1 composition 562:572 The composition 558:572 The composition of the pectic material 558:595 The composition of the pectic material was analysed. 24731343 3 14 theme commercial 365:374 arg1 maturity 376:383 commercial maturity 365:383 commercial maturity 365:383 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 6 15 theme solubility 875:884 arg1 changes 714:720 the main changes 705:720 the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples 705:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 6 15 theme solubility 875:884 arg1 loss 823:826 a loss 821:826 a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass 821:909 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 8 16 theme ethylene 1153:1160 arg1 production 1162:1171 ethylene production 1153:1171 ethylene production 1153:1171 Pectin-related enzyme activities highly correlated with ethylene production, but not always with pectin modifications. 24731343 3 17 dep conditions 516:525 arg1 °C 531:532 20 °C 528:532 20 °C 528:532 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 0 18 theme pectin-degrading 37:52 arg1 enzymes 54:60 pectin-degrading enzymes 37:60 pectin-degrading enzymes 37:60 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 6 19 theme water 869:873 arg1 solubility 875:884 increased water solubility 859:884 increased water solubility 859:884 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 1 20 dep aimed 122:126 arg1 Borkh 190:194 Borkh 190:194 Borkh 190:194 This study aimed at understanding softening in Jonagold apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) 24731343 8 21 theme pectin 1194:1199 arg1 modifications 1201:1213 pectin modifications 1194:1213 pectin modifications 1194:1213 Pectin-related enzyme activities highly correlated with ethylene production, but not always with pectin modifications. 24731343 6 22 theme increased 859:867 arg1 solubility 875:884 increased water solubility 859:884 increased water solubility 859:884 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 0 23 theme Pectin 0:5 arg1 modifications 7:19 Pectin modifications 0:19 Pectin modifications 0:19 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 6 24 theme firmness 772:779 arg1 loss 764:767 the loss 760:767 the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples 760:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 7 25 theme apple 980:984 arg1 softening 986:994 apple softening 980:994 apple softening 980:994 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 3 26 theme different 399:407 arg1 temperatures 409:420 different temperatures 399:420 different temperatures 399:420 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 3 27 theme ambient 497:503 arg1 conditions 516:525 ambient shelf life conditions 497:525 ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) 497:543 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 7 28 theme pectin 1059:1064 arg1 methylesterase 1066:1079 pectin methylesterase 1059:1079 pectin methylesterase 1059:1079 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 7 28 theme pectin 1059:1064 arg1 enzymes 951:957 four important enzymes 936:957 four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening 936:994 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 6 29 from ripening 788:795 arg1 apples 809:814 Jonagold apples 800:814 Jonagold apples 800:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 8 30 theme Pectin-related 1097:1110 arg1 activities 1119:1128 Pectin-related enzyme activities 1097:1128 Pectin-related enzyme activities 1097:1128 Pectin-related enzyme activities highly correlated with ethylene production, but not always with pectin modifications. 24731343 6 31 theme neutral 843:849 arg1 sugars 851:856 neutral sugars 843:856 neutral sugars 843:856 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 3 32 theme controlled 426:435 arg1 conditions 448:457 controlled atmosphere conditions 426:457 controlled atmosphere conditions 426:457 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 6 33 dep chains 836:841 arg1 sugars 851:856 neutral sugars 843:856 neutral sugars 843:856 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 5 34 theme apples 672:677 arg1 production 654:663 the ethylene production 641:663 the ethylene production of the apples 641:677 Furthermore, the firmness and the ethylene production of the apples were assessed. 24731343 5 34 theme apples 672:677 arg1 firmness 628:635 the firmness 624:635 the firmness 624:635 Furthermore, the firmness and the ethylene production of the apples were assessed. 24731343 6 35 theme chains 836:841 arg1 changes 714:720 the main changes 705:720 the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples 705:814 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 6 35 theme chains 836:841 arg1 loss 823:826 a loss 821:826 a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass 821:909 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 2 36 theme pectin 223:228 arg1 modifications 230:242 pectin modifications 223:242 pectin modifications 223:242 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 3 37 theme atmosphere 437:446 arg1 conditions 448:457 controlled atmosphere conditions 426:457 controlled atmosphere conditions 426:457 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 3 38 theme Jonagold 331:338 arg1 apples 340:345 Jonagold apples 331:345 Jonagold apples 331:345 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 6 39 theme side 831:834 arg1 chains 836:841 side chains 831:841 side chains 831:841 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 2 40 mod modifications 230:242 arg1 enzymes 282:288 pectin-modifying enzymes 265:288 pectin-modifying enzymes 265:288 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 2 40 mod modifications 230:242 arg3 pectin 223:228 pectin modifications 223:242 pectin modifications 223:242 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 0 41 mod modifications 7:19 arg3 Pectin 0:5 Pectin modifications 0:19 Pectin modifications 0:19 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 0 41 mod modifications 7:19 arg1 enzymes 54:60 pectin-degrading enzymes 37:60 pectin-degrading enzymes 37:60 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 8 42 theme enzyme 1112:1117 arg1 activities 1119:1128 Pectin-related enzyme activities 1097:1128 Pectin-related enzyme activities 1097:1128 Pectin-related enzyme activities highly correlated with ethylene production, but not always with pectin modifications. 24731343 2 43 theme pectin-modifying 265:280 arg1 enzymes 282:288 pectin-modifying enzymes 265:288 pectin-modifying enzymes 265:288 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 7 44 theme enzymes 951:957 arg1 activities 922:931 the activities 918:931 the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, 918:1080 Also, the activities of four important enzymes possibly involved in apple softening, β-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, were measured. 24731343 3 45 theme shelf 505:509 arg1 conditions 516:525 ambient shelf life conditions 497:525 ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) 497:543 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 2 46 theme enzymes 282:288 arg1 modifications 230:242 pectin modifications 223:242 pectin modifications 223:242 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 2 46 theme enzymes 282:288 arg1 evolution 252:260 the evolution 248:260 the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening 248:328 fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. 24731343 3 47 theme life 511:514 arg1 conditions 516:525 ambient shelf life conditions 497:525 ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) 497:543 Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient shelf life conditions (20 °C under air) for 2 weeks. 24731343 0 48 theme postharvest 69:79 arg1 softening 81:89 postharvest softening 69:89 postharvest softening of Jonagold apples 69:108 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 6 49 theme pectin 725:730 arg1 composition 732:742 pectin composition 725:742 pectin composition 725:742 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 24731343 0 50 theme enzymes 54:60 arg1 modifications 7:19 Pectin modifications 0:19 Pectin modifications 0:19 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 0 50 theme enzymes 54:60 arg1 role 29:32 the role 25:32 the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples 25:108 Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. 24731343 6 51 from changes 714:720 arg1 composition 732:742 pectin composition 725:742 pectin composition 725:742 Generally, the main changes in pectin composition associated with the loss of firmness during ripening in Jonagold apples were a loss of side chains neutral sugars, increased water solubility and decreased molar mass. 26686647 4 0 theme % 793:793 arg1 level 781:785 coating level 773:785 coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) 773:818 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 0 theme % 793:793 arg1 gain 814:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 8 1 theme higher 1473:1478 arg1 loading 1485:1491 the higher drug loading 1469:1491 the higher drug loading 1469:1491 The curing step was necessary to stabilize the film effectiveness at the higher drug loading. 26686647 1 2 theme bed 250:252 arg1 coater 254:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 4 3 theme weight 807:812 arg1 level 781:785 coating level 773:785 coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) 773:818 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 3 theme weight 807:812 arg1 gain 814:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 4 theme RSDC 957:960 arg1 uniformity 945:954 GFN content uniformity 933:954 GFN content uniformity (RSDC%) 933:962 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 4 theme RSDC 957:960 arg1 % 961:961 RSDC% 957:961 RSDC% 957:961 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 10 5 theme stable 1762:1767 arg1 profiles 1788:1795 stable controlled release profiles 1762:1795 stable controlled release profiles 1762:1795 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 4 6 theme coating 773:779 arg1 level 781:785 coating level 773:785 coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) 773:818 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 6 theme coating 773:779 arg1 gain 814:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 1 7 theme release 456:462 arg1 pellets 464:470 the controlled release pellets 441:470 the controlled release pellets 441:470 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 10 8 theme release 1780:1786 arg1 profiles 1788:1795 stable controlled release profiles 1762:1795 stable controlled release profiles 1762:1795 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 0 9 theme drug 126:129 arg1 migration 131:139 drug migration 126:139 drug migration 126:139 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 1 10 theme ethycellulose 364:376 arg1 coating 383:389 the ethycellulose film coating 360:389 the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) 360:402 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 1 10 theme ethycellulose 364:376 arg1 Surelease® 392:401 Surelease® 392:401 Surelease® 392:401 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 4 11 theme solution 859:866 arg1 influence 672:680 The influence 668:680 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles 668:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 5 12 theme Surelease 1063:1071 arg1 film 1073:1076 the Surelease film 1059:1076 the Surelease film 1059:1076 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 1 13 theme pellet 209:214 arg1 production 216:225 pellet production 209:225 pellet production 209:225 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 10 14 theme GFN 1636:1638 arg1 migration 1623:1631 the migration 1619:1631 the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount 1619:1678 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 4 15 theme composition 824:834 arg1 influence 672:680 The influence 668:680 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles 668:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 16 dep state 975:979 arg1 DSC 982:984 DSC 982:984 DSC 982:984 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 16 dep state 975:979 arg1 XRD 990:992 XRD 990:992 XRD 990:992 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 10 17 theme negligible 1662:1671 arg1 amount 1673:1678 a negligible amount 1660:1678 a negligible amount 1660:1678 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 4 18 theme release 1006:1012 arg1 profiles 1014:1021 pellet release profiles 999:1021 pellet release profiles 999:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 0 19 theme comprehensive 61:73 arg1 evaluation 75:84 A comprehensive evaluation 59:84 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 0:140 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 1 20 theme migration 314:322 arg1 phenomenon 324:333 the migration phenomenon 310:333 the migration phenomenon of a soluble API 310:350 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 4 21 theme process 905:911 arg1 efficiency 913:922 process efficiency 905:922 process efficiency (RSDW%) 905:930 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 21 theme process 905:911 arg1 % 929:929 RSDW% 925:929 RSDW% 925:929 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 1 22 theme research 157:164 arg1 aim 146:148 The aim 142:148 The aim of the research 142:164 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 2 23 theme BCS 495:497 arg1 class 499:503 BCS class I 495:505 BCS class I model drug 495:516 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 4 24 theme w/w 709:711 arg1 loading 690:696 drug loading 685:696 drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w) 685:712 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 24 theme w/w 709:711 arg1 % 707:707 4.5-20.0% w/w 699:711 4.5-20.0% w/w 699:711 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 0 25 theme manufacturing 93:105 arg1 process 107:113 the manufacturing process 89:113 the manufacturing process 89:113 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 1 26 theme soluble 340:346 arg1 API 348:350 a soluble API 338:350 a soluble API 338:350 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 4 27 theme Na 889:890 arg1 alginate 892:899 Na alginate 889:899 Na alginate 889:899 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 2 28 theme dissolved 595:603 arg1 GFN 605:607 the dissolved GFN 591:607 the dissolved GFN 591:607 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 5 29 theme pellet 1177:1182 arg1 surface 1184:1190 the pellet surface 1173:1190 the pellet surface 1173:1190 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 4 30 theme loading 690:696 arg1 influence 672:680 The influence 668:680 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles 668:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 0 31 theme Ethylcellulose 0:13 arg1 coating 20:26 Ethylcellulose film coating 0:26 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 0:140 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 4 32 theme content 937:943 arg1 uniformity 945:954 GFN content uniformity 933:954 GFN content uniformity (RSDC%) 933:962 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 32 theme content 937:943 arg1 % 961:961 RSDC% 957:961 RSDC% 957:961 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 7 33 theme drug 1385:1388 arg1 loadings 1390:1397 both drug loadings 1380:1397 both drug loadings 1380:1397 Using hypromellose as polymer, GFN recrystallized on the coated pellet surface at both drug loadings. 26686647 8 34 theme curing 1404:1409 arg1 necessary 1420:1428 necessary 1420:1428 necessary 1420:1428 The curing step was necessary to stabilize the film effectiveness at the higher drug loading. 26686647 8 34 theme curing 1404:1409 arg1 step 1411:1414 The curing step 1400:1414 The curing step 1400:1414 The curing step was necessary to stabilize the film effectiveness at the higher drug loading. 26686647 4 35 theme dynamic-static 746:759 arg1 equipment 761:769 dynamic-static equipment 746:769 dynamic-static equipment 746:769 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 35 theme dynamic-static 746:759 arg1 conditions 722:731 curing conditions 715:731 curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment) 715:770 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 0 36 theme guaifenesin-loaded 31:48 arg1 pellets 50:56 guaifenesin-loaded pellets 31:56 guaifenesin-loaded pellets 31:56 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 1 37 theme main 287:290 arg1 factors 292:298 the main factors 283:298 the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets 283:470 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 7 38 theme pellet 1362:1367 arg1 surface 1369:1375 the coated pellet surface 1351:1375 the coated pellet surface 1351:1375 Using hypromellose as polymer, GFN recrystallized on the coated pellet surface at both drug loadings. 26686647 9 39 theme coating 1509:1515 arg1 level 1517:1521 the coating level 1505:1521 Increasing the coating level 1494:1521 Increasing the coating level delayed but did not prevent the GFN diffusion. 26686647 4 40 theme conditions 722:731 arg1 influence 672:680 The influence 668:680 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles 668:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 41 from influence 672:680 arg1 uniformity 945:954 GFN content uniformity 933:954 GFN content uniformity (RSDC%) 933:962 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 41 from influence 672:680 arg1 % 929:929 RSDW% 925:929 RSDW% 925:929 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 41 from influence 672:680 arg1 state 975:979 GFN solid state 965:979 GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) 965:993 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 41 from influence 672:680 arg1 % 961:961 RSDC% 957:961 RSDC% 957:961 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 41 from influence 672:680 arg1 profiles 1014:1021 pellet release profiles 999:1021 pellet release profiles 999:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 41 from influence 672:680 arg1 efficiency 913:922 process efficiency 905:922 process efficiency (RSDW%) 905:930 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 1 42 theme production 216:225 arg1 process 198:204 the complete process 185:204 the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater 185:259 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 0 43 dep coating 20:26 arg1 evaluation 75:84 A comprehensive evaluation 59:84 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 0:140 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 4 44 theme solid 969:973 arg1 state 975:979 GFN solid state 965:979 GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) 965:993 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 3 45 theme loaded 619:624 arg1 pellets 626:632 The drug loaded pellets 610:632 The drug loaded pellets 610:632 The drug loaded pellets were then coated with Surelease®. 26686647 1 46 theme fluidized 240:248 arg1 coater 254:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 9 47 theme Increasing 1494:1503 arg1 level 1517:1521 the coating level 1505:1521 Increasing the coating level 1494:1521 Increasing the coating level delayed but did not prevent the GFN diffusion. 26686647 10 48 theme curing 1721:1726 arg1 step 1728:1731 the curing step 1717:1731 the curing step 1717:1731 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 10 48 theme curing 1721:1726 arg1 necessary 1741:1749 necessary 1741:1749 necessary 1741:1749 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 1 49 theme long-term 418:426 arg1 stability 428:436 hence the long-term stability 408:436 hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets 408:470 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 5 50 theme film 1073:1076 arg1 effectiveness 1042:1054 The effectiveness 1038:1054 The effectiveness of the Surelease film 1038:1076 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 2 51 theme sugar 534:538 arg1 spheres 540:546 sugar spheres 534:546 sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN 534:607 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 8 52 theme drug 1480:1483 arg1 loading 1485:1491 the higher drug loading 1469:1491 the higher drug loading 1469:1491 The curing step was necessary to stabilize the film effectiveness at the higher drug loading. 26686647 10 53 theme Na 1598:1599 arg1 alginate 1601:1608 Na alginate 1598:1608 Na alginate 1598:1608 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 4 54 theme pellet 999:1004 arg1 profiles 1014:1021 pellet release profiles 999:1021 pellet release profiles 999:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 1 55 theme controlled 445:454 arg1 pellets 464:470 the controlled release pellets 441:470 the controlled release pellets 441:470 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 4 56 dep conditions 722:731 arg1 40-60°C 734:740 40-60°C 734:740 40-60°C 734:740 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 56 dep conditions 722:731 arg1 equipment 761:769 dynamic-static equipment 746:769 dynamic-static equipment 746:769 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 56 dep conditions 722:731 arg1 conditions 722:731 curing conditions 715:731 curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment) 715:770 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 2 57 theme binder-polymer 556:569 arg1 solution 571:578 a binder-polymer solution 554:578 a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN 554:607 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 5 58 dep ability 1107:1113 arg1 recrystallize 1156:1168 recrystallize 1156:1168 to recrystallize on the pellet surface 1153:1190 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 5 58 dep ability 1107:1113 arg1 cross 1125:1129 cross 1125:1129 cross 1125:1129 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 1 59 theme pellets 464:470 arg1 coating 383:389 the ethycellulose film coating 360:389 the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) 360:402 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 1 59 theme pellets 464:470 arg1 stability 428:436 hence the long-term stability 408:436 hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets 408:470 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 1 59 theme pellets 464:470 arg1 Surelease® 392:401 Surelease® 392:401 Surelease® 392:401 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 1 60 theme complete 189:196 arg1 process 198:204 the complete process 185:204 the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater 185:259 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 2 61 theme model 507:511 arg1 drug 513:516 BCS class I model drug 495:516 BCS class I model drug 495:516 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 4 62 theme binder-layering 843:857 arg1 solution 859:866 the binder-layering solution 839:866 the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) 839:900 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 10 63 theme controlled 1769:1778 arg1 profiles 1788:1795 stable controlled release profiles 1762:1795 stable controlled release profiles 1762:1795 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 5 64 theme GFN 1118:1120 arg1 ability 1107:1113 the ability 1103:1113 the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface 1103:1190 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 9 65 theme GFN 1555:1557 arg1 diffusion 1559:1567 the GFN diffusion 1551:1567 the GFN diffusion 1551:1567 Increasing the coating level delayed but did not prevent the GFN diffusion. 26686647 4 66 dep solution 859:866 arg1 hypromellose 869:880 hypromellose 869:880 hypromellose 869:880 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 66 dep solution 859:866 arg1 alginate 892:899 Na alginate 889:899 Na alginate 889:899 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 10 67 dep reduced 1611:1617 arg1 Replacing 1570:1578 Replacing 1570:1578 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate 1570:1608 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 1 68 from process 198:204 arg1 coater 254:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 4 69 theme theoretical 795:805 arg1 level 781:785 coating level 773:785 coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) 773:818 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 69 theme theoretical 795:805 arg1 gain 814:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 12-20% theoretical weight gain 788:817 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 2 70 contain containing 580:589 arg1 solution 571:578 a binder-polymer solution 554:578 a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN 554:607 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 2 70 contain containing 580:589 arg2 GFN 605:607 the dissolved GFN 591:607 the dissolved GFN 591:607 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 0 71 theme process 107:113 arg1 evaluation 75:84 A comprehensive evaluation 59:84 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 0:140 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 1 72 theme API 348:350 arg1 phenomenon 324:333 the migration phenomenon 310:333 the migration phenomenon of a soluble API 310:350 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 0 73 theme film 15:18 arg1 coating 20:26 Ethylcellulose film coating 0:26 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 0:140 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 4 74 theme drug 685:688 arg1 loading 690:696 drug loading 685:696 drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w) 685:712 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 74 theme drug 685:688 arg1 % 707:707 4.5-20.0% w/w 699:711 4.5-20.0% w/w 699:711 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 1 75 theme film 378:381 arg1 coating 383:389 the ethycellulose film coating 360:389 the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) 360:402 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 1 75 theme film 378:381 arg1 Surelease® 392:401 Surelease® 392:401 Surelease® 392:401 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26686647 6 76 theme binder-layering 1272:1286 arg1 solution 1288:1295 the binder-layering solution 1268:1295 the binder-layering solution 1268:1295 Results indicated that this behaviour was dependent on the polymer used in the binder-layering solution. 26686647 4 77 theme GFN 933:935 arg1 uniformity 945:954 GFN content uniformity 933:954 GFN content uniformity (RSDC%) 933:962 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 77 theme GFN 933:935 arg1 % 961:961 RSDC% 957:961 RSDC% 957:961 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 3 78 dep loaded 619:624 arg1 drug 614:617 drug 614:617 drug 614:617 The drug loaded pellets were then coated with Surelease®. 26686647 0 79 theme pellets 50:56 arg1 coating 20:26 Ethylcellulose film coating 0:26 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 0:140 Ethylcellulose film coating of guaifenesin-loaded pellets: A comprehensive evaluation of the manufacturing process to prevent drug migration. 26686647 4 80 theme level 781:785 arg1 influence 672:680 The influence 668:680 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles 668:1021 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 2 81 theme class 499:503 arg1 drug 513:516 BCS class I model drug 495:516 BCS class I model drug 495:516 Guaifenesin (GFN), as BCS class I model drug, was layered on sugar spheres using a binder-polymer solution containing the dissolved GFN. 26686647 8 82 theme film 1447:1450 arg1 effectiveness 1452:1464 the film effectiveness 1443:1464 the film effectiveness 1443:1464 The curing step was necessary to stabilize the film effectiveness at the higher drug loading. 26686647 10 83 theme storage 1705:1711 arg1 months 1695:1700 six months 1691:1700 six months of storage 1691:1711 Replacing hypromellose with Na alginate, reduced the migration of GFN through the film to a negligible amount even after six months of storage and the curing step was not necessary to achieve stable controlled release profiles over storage. 26686647 4 84 theme curing 715:720 arg1 40-60°C 734:740 40-60°C 734:740 40-60°C 734:740 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 84 theme curing 715:720 arg1 equipment 761:769 dynamic-static equipment 746:769 dynamic-static equipment 746:769 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 4 84 theme curing 715:720 arg1 conditions 722:731 curing conditions 715:731 curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment) 715:770 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 7 85 theme coated 1355:1360 arg1 surface 1369:1375 the coated pellet surface 1351:1375 the coated pellet surface 1351:1375 Using hypromellose as polymer, GFN recrystallized on the coated pellet surface at both drug loadings. 26686647 4 86 theme GFN 965:967 arg1 state 975:979 GFN solid state 965:979 GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) 965:993 The influence of drug loading (4.5-20.0% w/w), curing conditions (40-60°C and dynamic-static equipment), coating level (12-20% theoretical weight gain) and composition of the binder-layering solution (hypromellose versus Na alginate) on process efficiency (RSDW%), GFN content uniformity (RSDC%), GFN solid state (DSC and XRD) and pellet release profiles was evaluated. 26686647 5 87 theme coating 1135:1141 arg1 layer 1143:1147 the coating layer 1131:1147 the coating layer 1131:1147 The effectiveness of the Surelease film was strongly affected by the ability of GFN to cross the coating layer and to recrystallize on the pellet surface. 26686647 1 88 theme Wurster 232:238 arg1 coater 254:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 a Wurster fluidized bed coater 230:259 The aim of the research was to investigate the complete process of pellet production in a Wurster fluidized bed coater in order to determine the main factors affecting the migration phenomenon of a soluble API through the ethycellulose film coating (Surelease®) and hence the long-term stability of the controlled release pellets. 26712573 0 0 theme starch 80:85 arg1 ratio 87:91 starch ratio 80:91 starch ratio 80:91 Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows. 26712573 7 1 from level 973:977 arg1 T3 982:983 T3 982:983 T3 982:983 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 8 2 theme Averaged 986:993 arg1 pH 1001:1002 Averaged rumen pH 986:1002 Averaged rumen pH 986:1002 Averaged rumen pH was linearly increased from T1 to T4, and subacute rumen acidosis occurred in T1. 26712573 5 3 theme lactose 785:791 arg1 content 793:799 milk lactose content 780:799 milk lactose content 780:799 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. 26712573 8 4 theme rumen 1055:1059 arg1 acidosis 1061:1068 subacute rumen acidosis 1046:1068 subacute rumen acidosis 1046:1068 Averaged rumen pH was linearly increased from T1 to T4, and subacute rumen acidosis occurred in T1. 26712573 10 5 theme NDF  1257:1260 arg1 indicator 1309:1317 a potential indicator 1297:1317 a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis 1297:1419 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 10 5 theme NDF  1257:1260 arg1 ratio 1270:1274 NDF : starch ratio 1257:1274 NDF : starch ratio 1257:1274 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 4 6 theme matter 621:626 arg1 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein 600:665 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 10 7 theme carbohydrate 1339:1350 arg1 composition 1352:1362 dietary carbohydrate composition 1331:1362 dietary carbohydrate composition 1331:1362 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 9 8 theme Ruminal 1086:1092 arg1 propionate 1094:1103 Ruminal propionate 1086:1103 Ruminal propionate 1086:1103 Ruminal propionate and butyrate concentration were linearly decreased, and microbial crude protein and metabolizable protein decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 1 9 theme composition 327:337 arg1 synthesis 339:347 composition synthesis 327:347 composition synthesis 327:347 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 9 10 theme microbial 1161:1169 arg1 protein 1177:1183 microbial crude protein 1161:1183 microbial crude protein 1161:1183 Ruminal propionate and butyrate concentration were linearly decreased, and microbial crude protein and metabolizable protein decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 9 11 theme crude 1171:1175 arg1 protein 1177:1183 microbial crude protein 1161:1183 microbial crude protein 1161:1183 Ruminal propionate and butyrate concentration were linearly decreased, and microbial crude protein and metabolizable protein decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 7 12 theme Quadratic 903:911 arg1 effect 913:918 Quadratic effect 903:918 Quadratic effect 903:918 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 7 13 located observed 924:931 arg2 effect 913:918 Quadratic effect 903:918 Quadratic effect 903:918 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 7 13 located observed 924:931 arg1 production 945:954 milk fat production 936:954 milk fat production with the highest level in T3 936:983 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 1 14 theme dietary 155:161 arg1 NDF 188:190 NDF 188:190 NDF 188:190 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 1 14 theme dietary 155:161 arg1 fiber 181:185 dietary neutral detergent fiber 155:185 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 0 15 theme dairy 96:100 arg1 cows 102:105 dairy cows 96:105 dairy cows 96:105 Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows. 26712573 10 16 theme dietary 1331:1337 arg1 composition 1352:1362 dietary carbohydrate composition 1331:1362 dietary carbohydrate composition 1331:1362 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 0 17 theme Milk 0:3 arg1 production 5:14 Milk production 0:14 Milk production 0:14 Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows. 26712573 1 18 theme neutral 163:169 arg1 NDF 188:190 NDF 188:190 NDF 188:190 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 1 18 theme neutral 163:169 arg1 fiber 181:185 dietary neutral detergent fiber 155:185 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 5 19 theme NDF  709:712 arg1 ratio 722:726 NDF : starch ratio 709:726 NDF : starch ratio 709:726 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. 26712573 9 20 theme metabolizable 1189:1201 arg1 protein 1203:1209 metabolizable protein 1189:1209 metabolizable protein 1189:1209 Ruminal propionate and butyrate concentration were linearly decreased, and microbial crude protein and metabolizable protein decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 4 21 theme crude 653:657 arg1 protein 659:665 crude protein 653:665 crude protein 653:665 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 1 22 theme detergent 171:179 arg1 NDF 188:190 NDF 188:190 NDF 188:190 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 1 22 theme detergent 171:179 arg1 fiber 181:185 dietary neutral detergent fiber 155:185 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 2 23 theme NDF  426:429 arg1 ratios 439:444 NDF : starch ratios 426:444 NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 426:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 1 24 theme nutritional 233:243 arg1 indicator 245:253 a nutritional indicator 231:253 a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis 231:347 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 1 24 theme nutritional 233:243 arg1   192:192 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF)  155:192 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 7 25 theme highest 965:971 arg1 level 973:977 the highest level 961:977 the highest level in T3 961:983 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 10 26 theme  starch 1262:1268 arg1 indicator 1309:1317 a potential indicator 1297:1317 a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis 1297:1419 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 10 26 theme  starch 1262:1268 arg1 ratio 1270:1274 NDF : starch ratio 1257:1274 NDF : starch ratio 1257:1274 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 9 27 theme butyrate 1109:1116 arg1 concentration 1118:1130 butyrate concentration 1109:1130 butyrate concentration 1109:1130 Ruminal propionate and butyrate concentration were linearly decreased, and microbial crude protein and metabolizable protein decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 2 28 theme dairy 368:372 arg1 cows 374:377 Eight primiparous dairy cows 350:377 Eight primiparous dairy cows 350:377 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 5 29 theme  starch 714:720 arg1 ratio 722:726 NDF : starch ratio 709:726 NDF : starch ratio 709:726 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. 26712573 10 30 theme potential 1299:1307 arg1 indicator 1309:1317 a potential indicator 1297:1317 a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis 1297:1419 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 10 30 theme potential 1299:1307 arg1 ratio 1270:1274 NDF : starch ratio 1257:1274 NDF : starch ratio 1257:1274 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 2 31 theme mixed 407:411 arg1 rations 413:419 four total mixed rations 396:419 four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 396:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 8 32 theme subacute 1046:1053 arg1 acidosis 1061:1068 subacute rumen acidosis 1046:1068 subacute rumen acidosis 1046:1068 Averaged rumen pH was linearly increased from T1 to T4, and subacute rumen acidosis occurred in T1. 26712573 6 33 theme fat 853:855 arg1 content 857:863 milk fat content 848:863 milk fat content 848:863 However, milk fat content was linearly increased from T1 to T4. 26712573 4 34 theme protein 659:665 arg1 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein 600:665 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 2 35 theme total 401:405 arg1 rations 413:419 four total mixed rations 396:419 four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 396:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 2 36 theme 0.86 449:452 arg1 ratios 439:444 NDF : starch ratios 426:444 NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 426:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 6 37 theme milk 848:851 arg1 content 857:863 milk fat content 848:863 milk fat content 848:863 However, milk fat content was linearly increased from T1 to T4. 26712573 7 38 theme milk 936:939 arg1 production 945:954 milk fat production 936:954 milk fat production with the highest level in T3 936:983 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 7 39 with production 945:954 arg1 level 973:977 the highest level 961:977 the highest level in T3 961:983 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 3 40 theme Dry 532:534 arg1 intake 543:548 Dry matter intake 532:548 Dry matter intake 532:548 Dry matter intake and milk production were decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 1 41 theme fiber 181:185 arg1 indicator 245:253 a nutritional indicator 231:253 a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis 231:347 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 1 41 theme fiber 181:185 arg1   192:192 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF)  155:192 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 5 42 theme milk 739:742 arg1 content 752:758 milk protein content 739:758 milk protein content 739:758 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. 26712573 4 43 theme dry 617:619 arg1 matter 621:626 dry matter 617:626 dry matter 617:626 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 1 44 theme carbohydrate 267:278 arg1 composition 280:290 carbohydrate composition 267:290 carbohydrate composition 267:290 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 7 45 theme fat 941:943 arg1 production 945:954 milk fat production 936:954 milk fat production with the highest level in T3 936:983 Quadratic effect was observed on milk fat production with the highest level in T3. 26712573 3 46 theme matter 536:541 arg1 intake 543:548 Dry matter intake 532:548 Dry matter intake 532:548 Dry matter intake and milk production were decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 5 47 theme protein 744:750 arg1 content 752:758 milk protein content 739:758 milk protein content 739:758 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. 26712573 0 48 theme neutral 52:58 arg1 fiber 70:74 dietary neutral detergent fiber 44:74 dietary neutral detergent fiber 44:74 Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows. 26712573 2 49 theme square 517:522 arg1 design 524:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 2 50 with rations 413:419 arg1 ratios 439:444 NDF : starch ratios 426:444 NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 426:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 4 51 theme matter 637:642 arg1 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein 600:665 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 0 52 theme dietary 44:50 arg1 fiber 70:74 dietary neutral detergent fiber 44:74 dietary neutral detergent fiber 44:74 Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows. 26712573 2 53 theme Latin 511:515 arg1 design 524:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 2 54 theme  starch 431:437 arg1 ratios 439:444 NDF : starch ratios 426:444 NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 426:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 4 55 theme organic 629:635 arg1 matter 637:642 organic matter 629:642 organic matter 629:642 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 8 56 theme rumen 995:999 arg1 pH 1001:1002 Averaged rumen pH 986:1002 Averaged rumen pH 986:1002 Averaged rumen pH was linearly increased from T1 to T4, and subacute rumen acidosis occurred in T1. 26712573 9 57 dep T4 1232:1233 arg1 T1 1226:1227 T1 1226:1227 T1 1226:1227 Ruminal propionate and butyrate concentration were linearly decreased, and microbial crude protein and metabolizable protein decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 3 58 theme milk 554:557 arg1 production 559:568 milk production 554:568 milk production 554:568 Dry matter intake and milk production were decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 4 59 theme NDF 645:647 arg1 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility 600:612 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein 600:665 Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and crude protein were linearly decreased from T1 to T4. 26712573 2 60 theme replicated 494:503 arg1 design 524:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 2 61 from T1 480:481 arg1 design 524:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 492:529 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 1 62 dep   192:192 arg1 ratio 202:206  starch ratio 194:206 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 1 63 theme  starch 194:200 arg1 ratio 202:206  starch ratio 194:206 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio 155:206 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 10 64 theme milk 1379:1382 arg1 production 1384:1393 milk production 1379:1393 milk production 1379:1393 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 2 65 theme primiparous 356:366 arg1 cows 374:377 Eight primiparous dairy cows 350:377 Eight primiparous dairy cows 350:377 Eight primiparous dairy cows were assigned to four total mixed rations with NDF : starch ratios of 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34 from T1 to T4 in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 26712573 10 66 theme composition 1399:1409 arg1 synthesis 1411:1419 composition synthesis 1399:1419 composition synthesis 1399:1419 It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 0 67 theme detergent 60:68 arg1 fiber 70:74 dietary neutral detergent fiber 44:74 dietary neutral detergent fiber 44:74 Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows. 26712573 1 68 theme milk 307:310 arg1 production 312:321 milk production 307:321 milk production 307:321 This study was designed to investigate whether dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) : starch ratio could be considered as a nutritional indicator to evaluate carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis. 26712573 5 69 theme milk 780:783 arg1 content 793:799 milk lactose content 780:799 milk lactose content 780:799 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. 24064477 0 0 theme Au 71:72 arg1 film 105:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 1 1 theme simple 242:247 arg1 manner 249:254 a simple manner 240:254 a simple manner 240:254 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 3 2 contain had 731:733 arg2 activity 752:759 higher catalytic activity 735:759 higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA 735:786 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 3 2 contain had 731:733 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 720:729 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 713:729 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 713:729 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 3 3 theme catalytic 742:750 arg1 activity 752:759 higher catalytic activity 735:759 higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA 735:786 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 1 4 theme modified 175:182 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 212:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 4 theme modified 175:182 arg1 electrode 198:206 modified glassy carbon electrode 175:206 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 5 5 theme optimal 941:947 arg1 conditions 949:958 the optimal conditions 937:958 the optimal conditions 937:958 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 2 6 dep had 338:340 arg1 gave 395:398 gave 395:398 not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity 386:566 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 2 6 dep had 338:340 arg1 enabled 432:438 enabled 432:438 not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity 386:566 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 6 7 with injection 1176:1184 arg1 results 1204:1210 satisfactory results 1191:1210 satisfactory results 1191:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 1 8 theme Au 137:138 arg1 dots 147:150 Au@carbon dots 137:150 Au@carbon dots 137:150 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 9 theme glassy 184:189 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 212:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 9 theme glassy 184:189 arg1 electrode 198:206 modified glassy carbon electrode 175:206 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 0 10 theme carbon 74:79 arg1 film 105:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 6 11 from detection 1144:1152 arg1 injection 1176:1184 DA's injection 1171:1184 DA's injection with satisfactory results 1171:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 5 12 theme μM 1073:1074 arg1 limit 1058:1062 the limit 1054:1062 the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N) 1054:1081 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 1 13 theme carbon 191:196 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 212:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 13 theme carbon 191:196 arg1 electrode 198:206 modified glassy carbon electrode 175:206 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 0 14 theme @ 73:73 arg1 film 105:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 2 15 theme functional 463:472 arg1 groups 474:479 amine functional groups 457:479 amine functional groups in DA 457:485 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 5 16 from detection 971:979 arg1 range 1013:1017 a linear concentration range 990:1017 a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM 990:1034 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 2 17 theme conductive 638:647 arg1 electrode 623:631 the electrode 619:631 the electrode more conductive 619:647 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 5 18 theme μM 1033:1034 arg1 range 1013:1017 a linear concentration range 990:1017 a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM 990:1034 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 0 19 theme composite 95:103 arg1 film 105:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 2 20 contain had 338:340 arg1 CDs 334:336 The CDs 330:336 The CDs 330:336 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 2 20 contain had 338:340 arg2 groups 351:356 carboxyl groups 342:356 carboxyl groups with negative charge 342:377 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 1 21 theme @ 139:139 arg1 dots 147:150 Au@carbon dots 137:150 Au@carbon dots 137:150 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 0 22 theme dots-chitosan 81:93 arg1 film 105:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film 67:108 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 3 23 theme CDs-CS/GCE 690:699 arg1 electrodes 701:710 CDs-CS/GCE electrodes 690:710 CDs-CS/GCE electrodes 690:710 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 2 24 theme electrode 623:631 arg1 surface 608:614 the surface 604:614 the surface of the electrode more conductive 604:647 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 1 25 theme carbon 140:145 arg1 dots 147:150 Au@carbon dots 137:150 Au@carbon dots 137:150 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 0 26 theme sensitive 2:10 arg1 biosensor 34:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor 0:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor 0:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 1 27 theme sensitive 275:283 arg1 determination 298:310 the sensitive and reliable determination 271:310 the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA) 271:327 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 2 28 theme electrostatic 495:507 arg1 interaction 509:519 electrostatic interaction 495:519 electrostatic interaction 495:519 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 1 29 theme dots 147:150 arg1 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 29 theme dots 147:150 arg1 film 129:132 A novel composite film 111:132 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 29 theme dots 147:150 arg1 CDs 156:158 Au@CDs 153:158 Au@CDs 153:158 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 4 30 theme uric 915:918 arg1 UA 926:927 UA 926:927 UA 926:927 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 4 30 theme uric 915:918 arg1 acid 920:923 uric acid 915:923 uric acid (UA) 915:928 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 2 31 from groups 474:479 arg1 DA 484:485 DA 484:485 DA 484:485 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 6 32 from injection 1176:1184 arg1 detection 1144:1152 the detection 1140:1152 the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results 1140:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 6 33 from content 1160:1166 arg1 injection 1176:1184 DA's injection 1171:1184 DA's injection with satisfactory results 1171:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 6 34 theme Au 1106:1107 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 1109:1118 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 1102:1118 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 1102:1118 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 0 35 theme reliable 16:23 arg1 biosensor 34:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor 0:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor 0:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 1 36 theme Au 209:210 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 212:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 36 theme Au 209:210 arg1 electrode 198:206 modified glassy carbon electrode 175:206 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 6 37 theme @ 1108:1108 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 1109:1118 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 1102:1118 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 1102:1118 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 2 38 theme high 551:554 arg1 specificity 556:566 high specificity 551:566 high specificity 551:566 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 1 39 theme Au 153:154 arg1 film 129:132 A novel composite film 111:132 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 39 theme Au 153:154 arg1 CDs 156:158 Au@CDs 153:158 Au@CDs 153:158 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 4 40 theme excess 885:890 arg1 AA 907:908 AA 907:908 AA 907:908 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 4 40 theme excess 885:890 arg1 acid 901:904 large excess ascorbic acid 879:904 large excess ascorbic acid (AA) 879:909 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 1 41 theme @ 211:211 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 212:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 41 theme @ 211:211 arg1 electrode 198:206 modified glassy carbon electrode 175:206 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 6 42 theme DA 1157:1158 arg1 content 1160:1166 DA content 1157:1166 DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results 1157:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 5 43 theme linear 992:997 arg1 range 1013:1017 a linear concentration range 990:1017 a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM 990:1034 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 1 44 dep film 129:132 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 212:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 209:221 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 44 dep film 129:132 arg1 electrode 198:206 modified glassy carbon electrode 175:206 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 45 theme @ 155:155 arg1 film 129:132 A novel composite film 111:132 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 45 theme @ 155:155 arg1 CDs 156:158 Au@CDs 153:158 Au@CDs 153:158 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 2 46 theme negative 363:370 arg1 charge 372:377 negative charge 363:377 negative charge 363:377 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 5 47 theme concentration 999:1011 arg1 range 1013:1017 a linear concentration range 990:1017 a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM 990:1034 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 1 48 theme reliable 289:296 arg1 determination 298:310 the sensitive and reliable determination 271:310 the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA) 271:327 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 6 49 theme satisfactory 1191:1202 arg1 results 1204:1210 satisfactory results 1191:1210 satisfactory results 1191:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 3 50 theme DA 785:786 arg1 oxidation 772:780 the oxidation 768:780 the oxidation of DA 768:786 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 2 51 dep it 400:401 arg1 have 403:406 have 403:406 have good stability 403:421 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 0 52 theme dopamine 25:32 arg1 biosensor 34:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor 0:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor 0:42 A sensitive and reliable dopamine biosensor was developed based on the Au@carbon dots-chitosan composite film. 24064477 4 53 theme background 855:864 arg1 current 866:872 the background current 851:872 the background current 851:872 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 2 54 theme good 408:411 arg1 stability 413:421 good stability 408:421 good stability 408:421 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 4 55 theme ascorbic 892:899 arg1 AA 907:908 AA 907:908 AA 907:908 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 4 55 theme ascorbic 892:899 arg1 acid 901:904 large excess ascorbic acid 879:904 large excess ascorbic acid (AA) 879:909 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 4 56 theme @ 804:804 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 805:814 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 802:814 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 802:814 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 6 57 theme content 1160:1166 arg1 detection 1144:1152 the detection 1140:1152 the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results 1140:1210 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 4 58 theme Au 802:803 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 805:814 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 802:814 Au@CDs-CS/GCE 802:814 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 2 59 theme amine 457:461 arg1 groups 474:479 amine functional groups 457:479 amine functional groups in DA 457:485 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 2 60 theme carboxyl 342:349 arg1 groups 351:356 carboxyl groups 342:356 carboxyl groups with negative charge 342:377 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 6 61 theme same 1091:1094 arg1 time 1096:1099 the same time 1087:1099 the same time 1087:1099 At the same time, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE was also applied to the detection of DA content in DA's injection with satisfactory results, and the biosensor could keep its activity for at least 2 weeks. 24064477 1 62 theme dopamine 315:322 arg1 determination 298:310 the sensitive and reliable determination 271:310 the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA) 271:327 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 2 63 theme Au 577:578 arg1 nanoparticle 580:591 the Au nanoparticle 573:591 the Au nanoparticle 573:591 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 3 64 theme Au 717:718 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 720:729 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 713:729 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 713:729 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 5 65 theme DA 984:985 arg1 detection 971:979 selective detection 961:979 selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM 961:1034 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24064477 3 66 theme @ 719:719 arg1 CDs-CS/GCE 720:729 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 713:729 the Au@CDs-CS/GCE 713:729 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 1 67 theme -chitosan 160:168 arg1 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 67 theme -chitosan 160:168 arg1 film 129:132 A novel composite film 111:132 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 67 theme -chitosan 160:168 arg1 CDs 156:158 Au@CDs 153:158 Au@CDs 153:158 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 2 68 with groups 351:356 arg1 charge 372:377 negative charge 363:377 negative charge 363:377 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 1 69 theme novel 113:117 arg1 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 69 theme novel 113:117 arg1 film 129:132 A novel composite film 111:132 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 69 theme novel 113:117 arg1 CDs 156:158 Au@CDs 153:158 Au@CDs 153:158 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 4 70 theme good 826:829 arg1 ability 831:837 good ability 826:837 good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) 826:928 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 3 71 theme higher 735:740 arg1 activity 752:759 higher catalytic activity 735:759 higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA 735:786 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 1 72 theme composite 119:127 arg1 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 CS 171:172 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 72 theme composite 119:127 arg1 film 129:132 A novel composite film 111:132 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) 111:222 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 1 72 theme composite 119:127 arg1 CDs 156:158 Au@CDs 153:158 Au@CDs 153:158 A novel composite film of Au@carbon dots (Au@CDs)-chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@CDs-CS/GCE) was prepared in a simple manner and applied in the sensitive and reliable determination of dopamine (DA). 24064477 3 73 theme bare 668:671 arg1 GCE 673:675 the bare GCE 664:675 the bare GCE 664:675 Compared with the bare GCE, CS/GCE, and CDs-CS/GCE electrodes, the Au@CDs-CS/GCE had higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA. 24064477 4 74 theme large 879:883 arg1 AA 907:908 AA 907:908 AA 907:908 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 4 74 theme large 879:883 arg1 acid 901:904 large excess ascorbic acid 879:904 large excess ascorbic acid (AA) 879:909 Furthermore, Au@CDs-CS/GCE exhibited good ability to suppress the background current from large excess ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). 24064477 2 75 with interaction 440:450 arg1 groups 474:479 amine functional groups 457:479 amine functional groups in DA 457:485 The CDs had carboxyl groups with negative charge, which not only gave it have good stability but also enabled interaction with amine functional groups in DA through electrostatic interaction to multiply recognize DA with high specificity, and the Au nanoparticle could make the surface of the electrode more conductive. 24064477 5 76 theme selective 961:969 arg1 detection 971:979 selective detection 961:979 selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM 961:1034 Under the optimal conditions, selective detection of DA in a linear concentration range of 0.01-100.0 μM was obtained with the limit of 0.001 μM (3S/N). 24723380 9 0 theme analyte 1482:1488 arg1 enantioresolution 1457:1473 complete enantioresolution 1448:1473 complete enantioresolution of the analyte 1448:1488 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 1 1 theme CE 158:159 arg1 method 161:166 A CE method 156:166 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) 156:217 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 3 2 from buffer 486:491 arg1 separate 440:447 separate 440:447 separate 440:447 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 6 3 theme EOF 913:915 arg1 stability 917:925 the EOF stability 909:925 the EOF stability 909:925 The efficiency of the coating was assessed by measuring the EOF stability. 24723380 0 4 theme capillary 85:93 arg1 electrophoresis 95:109 capillary electrophoresis 85:109 capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design 85:153 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 5 5 theme poly 820:823 arg1 layers 742:747 five layers 737:747 five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) 737:850 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 1 6 theme enantiomeric 241:252 arg1 separation 254:263 the enantiomeric separation 237:263 the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group 237:315 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 9 7 dep mM 1277:1278 arg1 i.e. 1267:1270 i.e. 1267:1270 i.e. 1267:1270 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 10 8 theme DOE 1559:1561 arg1 protocol 1564:1571 experiments (DOE) protocol 1546:1571 experiments (DOE) protocol employed 1546:1580 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 9 9 theme voltage 1406:1412 arg1 kV 1417:1418 separation voltage 15 kV 1395:1418 separation voltage 15 kV 1395:1418 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 3 10 from pH 496:497 arg1 buffer 486:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer 468:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 468:501 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 9 11 theme 67 1322:1323 arg1 mM 1325:1326 mM 1325:1326 mM 1325:1326 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 12 theme optimal 1247:1253 arg1 conditions 1255:1264 the optimal conditions 1243:1264 the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C) 1243:1445 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 13 theme separation 1395:1404 arg1 kV 1417:1418 separation voltage 15 kV 1395:1418 separation voltage 15 kV 1395:1418 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 4 14 theme amino-β-CD 637:646 arg1 adsorption 619:628 the adsorption 615:628 the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary 615:663 However, the repeatability of the analyses obtained on bare-fused silica capillary was not acceptable owing to the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary. 24723380 9 15 theme mM 1325:1326 arg1 pH 1346:1347 pH 7.4 1346:1351 pH 7.4 1346:1351 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 15 theme mM 1325:1326 arg1 buffer 1338:1343 67 mM phosphate buffer 1322:1343 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) 1322:1352 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 0 16 theme CD 121:122 arg1 mode 124:127 a dual CD mode 114:127 a dual CD mode using experimental design 114:153 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 4 17 theme silica 570:575 arg1 capillary 577:585 bare-fused silica capillary 559:585 bare-fused silica capillary 559:585 However, the repeatability of the analyses obtained on bare-fused silica capillary was not acceptable owing to the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary. 24723380 3 18 theme phosphate 476:484 arg1 buffer 486:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer 468:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 468:501 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 5 19 theme chloride 797:804 arg1 PDADMAC 807:813 poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC 767:813 poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC 767:813 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 5 19 theme chloride 797:804 arg1 ionic-polymer 752:764 ionic-polymer 752:764 ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) 752:814 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 5 20 theme diallyldimethylammonium 772:794 arg1 PDADMAC 807:813 poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC 767:813 poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC 767:813 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 5 20 theme diallyldimethylammonium 772:794 arg1 ionic-polymer 752:764 ionic-polymer 752:764 ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) 752:814 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 0 21 theme dual 116:119 arg1 mode 124:127 a dual CD mode 114:127 a dual CD mode using experimental design 114:153 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 9 22 theme cathodic 1362:1369 arg1 psi 1385:1387 cathodic injection 0.5 psi 1362:1387 cathodic injection 0.5 psi 1362:1387 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 10 23 from utility 1645:1651 arg1 development 1670:1680 method development 1663:1680 method development 1663:1680 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 1 24 theme dual 174:177 arg1 cyclodextrins 200:212 dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins 174:212 dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) 174:217 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 1 24 theme dual 174:177 arg1 CD 215:216 CD 215:216 CD 215:216 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 8 25 theme composite 1114:1122 arg1 design 1138:1143 a central composite circumscribed design 1104:1143 a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations 1104:1203 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 8 26 theme enantioseparation 1059:1075 arg1 method 1077:1082 this enantioseparation method 1054:1082 this enantioseparation method 1054:1082 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 3 27 from separate 440:447 arg1 buffer 486:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer 468:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 468:501 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 1 28 theme cationic 179:186 arg1 cyclodextrins 200:212 dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins 174:212 dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) 174:217 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 1 28 theme cationic 179:186 arg1 CD 215:216 CD 215:216 CD 215:216 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 8 29 theme central 1106:1112 arg1 design 1138:1143 a central composite circumscribed design 1104:1143 a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations 1104:1203 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 11 30 from variations 1698:1707 arg1 concentrations 1730:1743 the ionic-polymer concentrations 1712:1743 the ionic-polymer concentrations 1712:1743 Finally, small variations in the ionic-polymer concentrations did not significantly influence the EOF, confirming the robustness of the coating method. 24723380 8 31 theme β-CD 1185:1188 arg1 concentrations 1190:1203 β-CD concentrations 1185:1203 β-CD concentrations 1185:1203 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 0 32 theme enantioseparation 20:36 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 0:154 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 1 33 theme compound 270:277 arg1 separation 254:263 the enantiomeric separation 237:263 the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group 237:315 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 5 34 used used 722:725 arg2 coating 693:699 a dynamic coating 683:699 a dynamic coating of the capillary 683:716 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 9 35 theme phosphate 1328:1336 arg1 pH 1346:1347 pH 7.4 1346:1351 pH 7.4 1346:1351 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 35 theme phosphate 1328:1336 arg1 buffer 1338:1343 67 mM phosphate buffer 1322:1343 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) 1322:1352 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 7 36 with coating 991:997 arg1 PDADMAC 1004:1010 PDADMAC 1004:1010 PDADMAC 1004:1010 Repeatability of the injections was obtained when intermediate coating with PDADMAC was performed between each run. 24723380 1 37 theme neutral 192:198 arg1 cyclodextrins 200:212 dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins 174:212 dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) 174:217 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 1 37 theme neutral 192:198 arg1 CD 215:216 CD 215:216 CD 215:216 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 8 38 theme circumscribed 1124:1136 arg1 design 1138:1143 a central composite circumscribed design 1104:1143 a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations 1104:1203 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 6 39 theme coating 875:881 arg1 efficiency 857:866 The efficiency 853:866 The efficiency of the coating 853:881 The efficiency of the coating was assessed by measuring the EOF stability. 24723380 8 40 dep factors 1161:1167 arg1 amino-β-CD 1170:1179 amino-β-CD 1170:1179 amino-β-CD 1170:1179 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 8 40 dep factors 1161:1167 arg1 concentrations 1190:1203 β-CD concentrations 1185:1203 β-CD concentrations 1185:1203 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 0 41 from electrophoresis 95:109 arg1 mode 124:127 a dual CD mode 114:127 a dual CD mode using experimental design 114:153 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 10 42 theme experiments 1546:1556 arg1 protocol 1564:1571 experiments (DOE) protocol 1546:1571 experiments (DOE) protocol employed 1546:1580 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 2 43 theme optimal 362:368 arg1 CDs 370:372 the optimal CDs 358:372 the optimal CDs 358:372 Preliminary studies were made to select the optimal CDs and pH of the BGE. 24723380 8 44 theme methanol 1227:1234 arg1 design 1138:1143 a central composite circumscribed design 1104:1143 a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations 1104:1203 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 8 44 theme methanol 1227:1234 arg1 percentage 1213:1222 the percentage 1209:1222 the percentage of methanol 1209:1234 Secondly, this enantioseparation method was optimized using a central composite circumscribed design including three factors: amino-β-CD and β-CD concentrations and the percentage of methanol. 24723380 9 45 from MeOH 1314:1317 arg1 pH 1346:1347 pH 7.4 1346:1351 pH 7.4 1346:1351 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 45 from MeOH 1314:1317 arg1 buffer 1338:1343 67 mM phosphate buffer 1322:1343 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) 1322:1352 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 5 46 theme poly 767:770 arg1 PDADMAC 807:813 poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC 767:813 poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC 767:813 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 5 46 theme poly 767:770 arg1 ionic-polymer 752:764 ionic-polymer 752:764 ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) 752:814 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 3 47 dep CDs 397:399 arg1 amino-β-CD 402:411 amino-β-CD 402:411 amino-β-CD 402:411 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 3 47 dep CDs 397:399 arg1 CDs 397:399 Two CDs 393:399 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) 393:421 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 3 47 dep CDs 397:399 arg1 β-CD 417:420 β-CD 417:420 β-CD 417:420 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 2 48 theme BGE 388:390 arg1 pH 378:379 pH 378:379 pH of the BGE 378:390 Preliminary studies were made to select the optimal CDs and pH of the BGE. 24723380 2 48 theme BGE 388:390 arg1 CDs 370:372 the optimal CDs 358:372 the optimal CDs 358:372 Preliminary studies were made to select the optimal CDs and pH of the BGE. 24723380 5 49 theme capillary 708:716 arg1 coating 693:699 a dynamic coating 683:699 a dynamic coating of the capillary 683:716 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 1 50 theme diaryl 292:297 arg1 group 311:315 a diaryl sulfonamide group 290:315 a diaryl sulfonamide group 290:315 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 0 51 theme experimental 135:146 arg1 design 148:153 experimental design 135:153 experimental design 135:153 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 9 52 theme 0 1311:1311 arg1 % 1312:1312 % 1312:1312 % 1312:1312 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 0 53 theme sulfonamide 59:69 arg1 derivative 71:80 a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative 41:80 a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative 41:80 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 1 54 theme sulfonamide 299:309 arg1 group 311:315 a diaryl sulfonamide group 290:315 a diaryl sulfonamide group 290:315 A CE method using dual cationic and neutral cyclodextrins (CD) was optimized for the enantiomeric separation of a compound presenting a diaryl sulfonamide group. 24723380 5 55 theme dynamic 685:691 arg1 coating 693:699 a dynamic coating 683:699 a dynamic coating of the capillary 683:716 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 10 56 theme protocol 1564:1571 arg1 design 1536:1541 the design 1532:1541 the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed 1532:1580 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 7 57 theme intermediate 978:989 arg1 coating 991:997 intermediate coating 978:997 intermediate coating with PDADMAC 978:1010 Repeatability of the injections was obtained when intermediate coating with PDADMAC was performed between each run. 24723380 0 58 theme diaryl-pyrazole 43:57 arg1 derivative 71:80 a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative 41:80 a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative 41:80 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 10 59 theme method 1663:1668 arg1 development 1670:1680 method development 1663:1680 method development 1663:1680 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 11 60 theme ionic-polymer 1716:1728 arg1 concentrations 1730:1743 the ionic-polymer concentrations 1712:1743 the ionic-polymer concentrations 1712:1743 Finally, small variations in the ionic-polymer concentrations did not significantly influence the EOF, confirming the robustness of the coating method. 24723380 5 61 theme sodium 825:830 arg1 poly 820:823 poly 820:823 poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) 820:850 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 5 61 theme sodium 825:830 arg1 4-styrenesulfonate 832:849 sodium 4-styrenesulfonate 825:849 sodium 4-styrenesulfonate 825:849 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 10 62 theme significant 1591:1601 arg1 interaction 1603:1613 a significant interaction 1589:1613 a significant interaction between CDs 1589:1625 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 9 63 dep conditions 1255:1264 arg1 mM 1299:1300 2.6 mM 1295:1300 2.6 mM of β-CD 1295:1308 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 63 dep conditions 1255:1264 arg1 mM 1277:1278 16.6 mM 1272:1278 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD 1272:1292 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 63 dep conditions 1255:1264 arg1 MeOH 1314:1317 0% MeOH 1311:1317 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C 1311:1444 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 11 64 theme coating 1819:1825 arg1 method 1827:1832 the coating method 1815:1832 the coating method 1815:1832 Finally, small variations in the ionic-polymer concentrations did not significantly influence the EOF, confirming the robustness of the coating method. 24723380 9 65 theme complete 1448:1455 arg1 enantioresolution 1457:1473 complete enantioresolution 1448:1473 complete enantioresolution of the analyte 1448:1488 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 66 theme amino-β-CD 1283:1292 arg1 mM 1299:1300 2.6 mM 1295:1300 2.6 mM of β-CD 1295:1308 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 66 theme amino-β-CD 1283:1292 arg1 mM 1277:1278 16.6 mM 1272:1278 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD 1272:1292 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 66 theme amino-β-CD 1283:1292 arg1 MeOH 1314:1317 0% MeOH 1311:1317 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C 1311:1444 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 67 theme 15°C 1441:1444 arg1 temperature 1426:1436 a temperature 1424:1436 a temperature of 15°C 1424:1444 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 67 theme 15°C 1441:1444 arg1 s 1392:1392 5 s 1390:1392 5 s 1390:1392 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 67 theme 15°C 1441:1444 arg1 psi 1385:1387 cathodic injection 0.5 psi 1362:1387 cathodic injection 0.5 psi 1362:1387 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 67 theme 15°C 1441:1444 arg1 kV 1417:1418 separation voltage 15 kV 1395:1418 separation voltage 15 kV 1395:1418 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 67 theme 15°C 1441:1444 arg1 BGE 1357:1359 BGE 1357:1359 BGE 1357:1359 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 68 theme injection 1371:1379 arg1 psi 1385:1387 cathodic injection 0.5 psi 1362:1387 cathodic injection 0.5 psi 1362:1387 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 69 theme β-CD 1305:1308 arg1 mM 1299:1300 2.6 mM 1295:1300 2.6 mM of β-CD 1295:1308 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 69 theme β-CD 1305:1308 arg1 mM 1277:1278 16.6 mM 1272:1278 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD 1272:1292 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 7 70 theme injections 949:958 arg1 Repeatability 928:940 Repeatability 928:940 Repeatability of the injections 928:958 Repeatability of the injections was obtained when intermediate coating with PDADMAC was performed between each run. 24723380 11 71 theme method 1827:1832 arg1 robustness 1801:1810 the robustness 1797:1810 the robustness of the coating method 1797:1832 Finally, small variations in the ionic-polymer concentrations did not significantly influence the EOF, confirming the robustness of the coating method. 24723380 2 72 theme Preliminary 318:328 arg1 studies 330:336 Preliminary studies 318:336 Preliminary studies 318:336 Preliminary studies were made to select the optimal CDs and pH of the BGE. 24723380 4 73 theme analyses 538:545 arg1 repeatability 517:529 the repeatability 513:529 the repeatability of the analyses obtained on bare-fused silica capillary 513:585 However, the repeatability of the analyses obtained on bare-fused silica capillary was not acceptable owing to the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary. 24723380 4 73 theme analyses 538:545 arg1 acceptable 595:604 acceptable 595:604 acceptable owing to the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary 595:663 However, the repeatability of the analyses obtained on bare-fused silica capillary was not acceptable owing to the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary. 24723380 11 74 theme small 1692:1696 arg1 variations 1698:1707 small variations 1692:1707 small variations in the ionic-polymer concentrations 1692:1743 Finally, small variations in the ionic-polymer concentrations did not significantly influence the EOF, confirming the robustness of the coating method. 24723380 10 75 theme DOE 1656:1658 arg1 utility 1645:1651 the utility 1641:1651 the utility of DOE in method development 1641:1680 It is worth mentioning that the design of experiments (DOE) protocol employed showed a significant interaction between CDs, highlighting the utility of DOE in method development. 24723380 5 76 theme ionic-polymer 752:764 arg1 layers 742:747 five layers 737:747 five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) 737:850 To prevent this, a dynamic coating of the capillary was used employing five layers of ionic-polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). 24723380 3 77 theme 67 470:471 arg1 mM 473:474 mM 473:474 mM 473:474 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 4 78 theme bare-fused 559:568 arg1 capillary 577:585 bare-fused silica capillary 559:585 bare-fused silica capillary 559:585 However, the repeatability of the analyses obtained on bare-fused silica capillary was not acceptable owing to the adsorption of the amino-β-CD to the capillary. 24723380 0 79 theme derivative 71:80 arg1 enantioseparation 20:36 the enantioseparation 16:36 the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative 16:80 Optimization of the enantioseparation of a diaryl-pyrazole sulfonamide derivative by capillary electrophoresis in a dual CD mode using experimental design. 24723380 3 80 theme mM 473:474 arg1 buffer 486:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer 468:491 a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 468:501 Two CDs (amino-β-CD and β-CD) were selected to separate the enantiomers in a 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. 24723380 9 81 theme % 1312:1312 arg1 mM 1277:1278 16.6 mM 1272:1278 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD 1272:1292 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 24723380 9 81 theme % 1312:1312 arg1 MeOH 1314:1317 0% MeOH 1311:1317 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C 1311:1444 Under the optimal conditions (i.e. 16.6 mM of amino-β-CD, 2.6 mM of β-CD, 0% MeOH in 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as BGE, cathodic injection 0.5 psi, 5 s, separation voltage 15 kV and a temperature of 15°C), complete enantioresolution of the analyte was obtained. 27725174 4 0 theme 128.43mg 577:584 arg1 capacity 565:572 Maximum adsorption capacity 546:572 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan 546:637 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 5 1 theme Obtained 732:739 arg1 results 741:747 Obtained results 732:747 Obtained results 732:747 Obtained results showed that the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. 27725174 4 2 theme Cr6+/g 589:594 arg1 128.43mg 577:584 128.43mg 577:584 128.43mg of Cr6+/g 577:594 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 0 3 theme hexavalent 76:85 arg1 chromium 87:94 hexavalent chromium 76:94 hexavalent chromium 76:94 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. 27725174 2 4 theme pH 353:354 arg1 influence 317:325 The influence 313:325 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions 313:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 5 5 from data 776:779 arg1 CNC 798:800 CNC 798:800 CNC 798:800 Obtained results showed that the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. 27725174 3 6 theme adsorption 512:521 arg1 isotherms 523:531 Scatchard adsorption isotherms 502:531 Scatchard adsorption isotherms 502:531 Langmuir, Freundlich and Scatchard adsorption isotherms were tested. 27725174 1 7 dep nano-biocomposite 133:149 arg1 composite 170:178 chitosan-nanoclay composite 152:178 chitosan-nanoclay composite 152:178 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 7 dep nano-biocomposite 133:149 arg1 CNC 181:183 CNC 181:183 CNC 181:183 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 2 8 from influence 317:325 arg1 removal 441:447 the removal 437:447 the removal of Cr6+ ions 437:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 4 9 theme 3 715:715 arg1 pH 703:704 pH 703:704 pH of 2 and 3, respectively 703:729 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 4 10 theme 2 709:709 arg1 pH 703:704 pH 703:704 pH of 2 and 3, respectively 703:729 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 5 11 theme isotherm 836:843 arg1 model 845:849 the Langmuir isotherm model 823:849 the Langmuir isotherm model 823:849 Obtained results showed that the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. 27725174 2 12 theme Cr6+ 452:455 arg1 ions 457:460 Cr6+ ions 452:460 Cr6+ ions 452:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 5 13 theme adsorption 765:774 arg1 data 776:779 the adsorption data 761:779 the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC 761:800 Obtained results showed that the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. 27725174 2 14 theme concentration 386:398 arg1 influence 317:325 The influence 313:325 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions 313:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 4 15 theme Scatchard 670:678 arg1 isotherm 691:698 the Scatchard adsorption isotherm 666:698 the Scatchard adsorption isotherm 666:698 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 2 16 theme concentration 371:383 arg1 influence 317:325 The influence 313:325 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions 313:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 0 17 theme adsorbent 18:26 arg1 assembly 57:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. 27725174 1 18 theme Cr6+ 292:295 arg1 adsorption 301:310 Cr6+ ion adsorption 292:310 Cr6+ ion adsorption 292:310 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 2 19 theme temperature 422:432 arg1 influence 317:325 The influence 313:325 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions 313:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 1 20 theme ion 297:299 arg1 adsorption 301:310 Cr6+ ion adsorption 292:310 Cr6+ ion adsorption 292:310 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 3 21 theme Scatchard 502:510 arg1 isotherms 523:531 Scatchard adsorption isotherms 502:531 Scatchard adsorption isotherms 502:531 Langmuir, Freundlich and Scatchard adsorption isotherms were tested. 27725174 2 22 theme metal 365:369 arg1 concentration 371:383 initial metal concentration 357:383 initial metal concentration 357:383 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 0 23 theme chitosan 32:39 arg1 assembly 57:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. 27725174 1 24 theme adsorption 301:310 arg1 investigation 275:287 investigation 275:287 investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption 275:310 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 24 theme adsorption 301:310 arg1 organoclay 245:254 organoclay 245:254 organoclay 245:254 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 24 theme adsorption 301:310 arg1 20A 266:268 Cloisite 20A 257:268 Cloisite 20A 257:268 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 24 theme adsorption 301:310 arg1 chitosan 232:239 chitosan 232:239 chitosan 232:239 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 25 theme solvent 204:210 arg1 method 220:225 solvent casting method 204:225 solvent casting method 204:225 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 2 26 theme adsorbents 407:416 arg1 concentration 386:398 concentration 386:398 concentration of the adsorbents 386:416 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 2 26 theme adsorbents 407:416 arg1 concentration 371:383 initial metal concentration 357:383 initial metal concentration 357:383 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 2 26 theme adsorbents 407:416 arg1 time 338:341 contact time 330:341 contact time 330:341 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 2 26 theme adsorbents 407:416 arg1 pH 353:354 solution pH 344:354 solution pH 344:354 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 2 26 theme adsorbents 407:416 arg1 temperature 422:432 temperature 422:432 temperature 422:432 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 0 27 theme via 28:30 arg1 assembly 57:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. 27725174 5 28 theme Langmuir 827:834 arg1 model 845:849 the Langmuir isotherm model 823:849 the Langmuir isotherm model 823:849 Obtained results showed that the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. 27725174 0 29 theme assembly 57:64 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 0:64 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. 27725174 5 30 theme Cr6+ 785:788 arg1 ions 790:793 Cr6+ ions 785:793 Cr6+ ions 785:793 Obtained results showed that the adsorption data for Cr6+ ions on CNC correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. 27725174 4 31 theme adsorption 554:563 arg1 capacity 565:572 Maximum adsorption capacity 546:572 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan 546:637 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 2 32 theme solution 344:351 arg1 pH 353:354 solution pH 344:354 solution pH 344:354 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 0 33 theme nano-organoclay 41:55 arg1 assembly 57:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly 15:64 Development of an adsorbent via chitosan nano-organoclay assembly to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. 27725174 4 34 theme Maximum 546:552 arg1 capacity 565:572 Maximum adsorption capacity 546:572 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan 546:637 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 4 35 theme adsorption 680:689 arg1 isotherm 691:698 the Scatchard adsorption isotherm 666:698 the Scatchard adsorption isotherm 666:698 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 1 36 theme nano-biocomposite 133:149 arg1 preparation 186:196 nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation 133:196 nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption 133:310 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 2 37 theme contact 330:336 arg1 time 338:341 contact time 330:341 contact time 330:341 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 2 38 theme time 338:341 arg1 influence 317:325 The influence 313:325 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions 313:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 1 39 theme casting 212:218 arg1 method 220:225 solvent casting method 204:225 solvent casting method 204:225 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 40 theme chitosan-nanoclay 152:168 arg1 composite 170:178 chitosan-nanoclay composite 152:178 chitosan-nanoclay composite 152:178 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 40 theme chitosan-nanoclay 152:168 arg1 CNC 181:183 CNC 181:183 CNC 181:183 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 4 41 theme Cr6+/g 619:624 arg1 21.83mg 608:614 21.83mg 608:614 21.83mg 608:614 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 4 41 theme Cr6+/g 619:624 arg1 CNC 600:602 CNC 600:602 CNC 600:602 Maximum adsorption capacity of 128.43mg of Cr6+/g for CNC and 21.83mg of Cr6+/g for chitosan were obtained according to the Scatchard adsorption isotherm at pH of 2 and 3, respectively. 27725174 2 42 theme ions 457:460 arg1 removal 441:447 the removal 437:447 the removal of Cr6+ ions 437:460 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 2 43 theme initial 357:363 arg1 concentration 371:383 initial metal concentration 357:383 initial metal concentration 357:383 The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, concentration of the adsorbents and temperature on the removal of Cr6+ ions were examined. 27725174 1 44 theme Cloisite 257:264 arg1 20A 266:268 Cloisite 20A 257:268 Cloisite 20A 257:268 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 27725174 1 44 theme Cloisite 257:264 arg1 chitosan 232:239 chitosan 232:239 chitosan 232:239 This study involves nano-biocomposite (chitosan-nanoclay composite, CNC) preparation using solvent casting method with chitosan and organoclay (Cloisite 20A) and investigation of Cr6+ ion adsorption. 26333843 4 0 theme -2-phenylbutyric 1115:1130 arg1 acid 1132:1135 (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid 1112:1135 (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid 1112:1135 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 1 theme separation 843:852 arg1 conditions 854:863 the optimum separation conditions 831:863 the optimum separation conditions 831:863 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 6 2 theme different 1701:1709 arg1 capacity 1721:1728 different inclusion capacity 1701:1728 different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD 1701:1764 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 4 3 theme -tropic 1152:1158 arg1 acid 1160:1163 (±)-tropic acid 1149:1163 (±)-tropic acid 1149:1163 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 6 4 dep enantiomer 1639:1648 arg1 each 1634:1637 each 1634:1637 each 1634:1637 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 3 5 theme organic 656:662 arg1 phase 664:668 organic phase 656:668 organic phase 656:668 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 2 6 from pH 2.67 446:452 arg1 solution 434:441 phosphate buffer solution 417:441 phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 417:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 2 6 from pH 2.67 446:452 arg1 acetate-0.10 mol L-1 393:412 n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 378:412 n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 378:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 5 7 theme acids 1350:1354 arg1 complex 1307:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex 1278:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD 1278:1367 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 5 8 with complex 1307:1313 arg1 HP-β-CD 1361:1367 HP-β-CD 1361:1367 HP-β-CD 1361:1367 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 2 9 theme phosphate 417:425 arg1 solution 434:441 phosphate buffer solution 417:441 phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 417:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 2 10 theme buffer 427:432 arg1 solution 434:441 phosphate buffer solution 417:441 phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 417:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 0 11 theme Chiral 139:144 arg1 Selectors 146:154 Chiral Selectors 139:154 Chiral Selectors 139:154 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 4 12 theme acid 915:918 arg1 50 mg 925:929 50 mg 925:929 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 925:959 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 12 theme acid 915:918 arg1 100 mg 898:903 100 mg 898:903 100 mg of tropic acid 898:918 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 12 theme acid 915:918 arg1 acid 892:895 2-phenylbutyric acid 876:895 2-phenylbutyric acid 876:895 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 3 13 theme selector 695:702 arg1 value 708:712 pH value 705:712 pH value of the aqueous phase 705:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 13 theme selector 695:702 arg1 temperature 752:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 13 theme selector 695:702 arg1 concentration 671:683 concentration 671:683 concentration of chiral selector 671:702 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 13 theme selector 695:702 arg1 composition 641:651 composition 641:651 composition of organic phase 641:668 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 13 theme selector 695:702 arg1 type 605:608 the type 601:608 the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin 601:638 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 14 theme β-cyclodextrin 625:638 arg1 value 708:712 pH value 705:712 pH value of the aqueous phase 705:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 14 theme β-cyclodextrin 625:638 arg1 temperature 752:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 14 theme β-cyclodextrin 625:638 arg1 concentration 671:683 concentration 671:683 concentration of chiral selector 671:702 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 14 theme β-cyclodextrin 625:638 arg1 composition 641:651 composition 641:651 composition of organic phase 641:668 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 14 theme β-cyclodextrin 625:638 arg1 type 605:608 the type 601:608 the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin 601:638 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 5 15 theme complex 1307:1313 arg1 formation 1265:1273 The formation 1261:1273 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD 1261:1367 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 4 16 theme 50 mg 925:929 arg1 100 mg 866:871 100 mg 866:871 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 866:959 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 6 17 theme different 1597:1605 arg1 enantiorecognition 1607:1624 different enantiorecognition 1597:1624 different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD 1597:1660 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 1 18 theme countercurrent 250:263 arg1 chromatography 265:278 countercurrent chromatography 250:278 countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors 250:330 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 4 19 theme % 1106:1106 arg1 range 1092:1096 the range 1088:1096 the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively 1088:1258 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 20 theme countercurrent 1010:1023 arg1 chromatography 1025:1038 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 999:1038 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 999:1038 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 2 21 theme n-hexane-ethyl 378:391 arg1 acetate-0.10 mol L-1 393:412 n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 378:412 n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 378:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 5 22 theme inclusion 1416:1424 arg1 constants 1426:1434 the inclusion constants 1412:1434 the inclusion constants 1412:1434 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 6 23 theme different 1555:1563 arg1 racemates 1565:1573 different racemates 1555:1573 different racemates 1555:1573 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 4 24 theme ± 1113:1113 arg1 acid 1132:1135 (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid 1112:1135 (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid 1112:1135 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 25 theme 100 mg 898:903 arg1 100 mg 866:871 100 mg 866:871 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 866:959 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 0 26 theme Preparative 0:10 arg1 Enantioseparation 12:28 Preparative Enantioseparation 0:28 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 0:155 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 3 27 theme pH 705:706 arg1 value 708:712 pH value 705:712 pH value of the aqueous phase 705:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 4 28 theme 2-phenylbutyric 876:890 arg1 acid 892:895 2-phenylbutyric acid 876:895 2-phenylbutyric acid 876:895 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 29 theme -2,3-diphenylpropionic 1180:1201 arg1 acid 1203:1206 (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 1177:1206 (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97% 1177:1230 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 1 30 theme substituted 285:295 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 297:310 substituted β-cyclodextrin 285:310 substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors 285:330 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 0 31 theme β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic 33:63 arg1 Acids 65:69 β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids 33:69 β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids 33:69 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 6 32 theme racemic 1738:1744 arg1 solutes 1746:1752 racemic solutes 1738:1752 racemic solutes 1738:1752 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 2 33 theme solution 434:441 arg1 acetate-0.10 mol L-1 393:412 n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 378:412 n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 378:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 3 34 theme phase 729:733 arg1 value 708:712 pH value 705:712 pH value of the aqueous phase 705:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 34 theme phase 729:733 arg1 temperature 752:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 34 theme phase 729:733 arg1 concentration 671:683 concentration 671:683 concentration of chiral selector 671:702 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 34 theme phase 729:733 arg1 composition 641:651 composition 641:651 composition of organic phase 641:668 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 34 theme phase 729:733 arg1 type 605:608 the type 601:608 the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin 601:638 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 4 35 theme ± 1150:1150 arg1 acid 1160:1163 (±)-tropic acid 1149:1163 (±)-tropic acid 1149:1163 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 6 36 theme inclusion 1711:1719 arg1 capacity 1721:1728 different inclusion capacity 1701:1728 different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD 1701:1764 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 3 37 theme enantioselective 782:797 arg1 extraction 813:822 enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction 782:822 enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction 782:822 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 1 38 theme Preparative 157:167 arg1 enantioseparation 169:185 Preparative enantioseparation 157:185 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids 157:231 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 5 39 theme UV 1387:1388 arg1 spectrophotometry 1390:1406 UV spectrophotometry 1387:1406 UV spectrophotometry 1387:1406 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 3 40 theme phase 664:668 arg1 value 708:712 pH value 705:712 pH value of the aqueous phase 705:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 40 theme phase 664:668 arg1 temperature 752:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 40 theme phase 664:668 arg1 concentration 671:683 concentration 671:683 concentration of chiral selector 671:702 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 40 theme phase 664:668 arg1 composition 641:651 composition 641:651 composition of organic phase 641:668 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 40 theme phase 664:668 arg1 type 605:608 the type 601:608 the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin 601:638 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 41 theme liquid-liquid 799:811 arg1 extraction 813:822 enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction 782:822 enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction 782:822 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 2 42 theme solvent 347:353 arg1 system 355:360 The two-phase solvent system 333:360 The two-phase solvent system 333:360 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 3 43 theme influence 572:580 arg1 factors 582:588 The influence factors 568:588 The influence factors 568:588 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 43 theme influence 572:580 arg1 value 708:712 pH value 705:712 pH value of the aqueous phase 705:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 43 theme influence 572:580 arg1 concentration 671:683 concentration 671:683 concentration of chiral selector 671:702 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 43 theme influence 572:580 arg1 composition 641:651 composition 641:651 composition of organic phase 641:668 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 43 theme influence 572:580 arg1 temperature 752:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 3 43 theme influence 572:580 arg1 type 605:608 the type 601:608 the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin 601:638 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 1 44 theme chiral 315:320 arg1 selectors 322:330 chiral selectors 315:330 chiral selectors 315:330 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 2 45 theme sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin 525:554 arg1 0.10 mol L 465:474 0.10 mol L(-1) 465:478 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 465:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 0 46 theme Acids 65:69 arg1 Enantioseparation 12:28 Preparative Enantioseparation 0:28 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 0:155 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 2 47 theme two-phase 337:345 arg1 system 355:360 The two-phase solvent system 333:360 The two-phase solvent system 333:360 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 5 48 theme modified 1457:1464 arg1 equation 1484:1491 a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation 1455:1491 a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation 1455:1491 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 4 49 theme tropic 908:913 arg1 acid 915:918 tropic acid 908:918 tropic acid 908:918 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 50 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 range 1092:1096 the range 1088:1096 the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively 1088:1258 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 51 theme ± 1066:1066 arg1 -enantiomers 1068:1079 the (±)-enantiomers 1061:1079 the (±)-enantiomers 1061:1079 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 52 theme high-speed 999:1008 arg1 chromatography 1025:1038 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 999:1038 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 999:1038 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 5 53 theme Benesi-Hildebrand 1466:1482 arg1 equation 1484:1491 a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation 1455:1491 a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation 1455:1491 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 0 54 theme Countercurrent 74:87 arg1 Chromatography 89:102 Countercurrent Chromatography 74:102 Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors 74:154 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 4 55 with acid 1203:1206 arg1 purity 1213:1218 purity 1213:1218 purity of over 97% 1213:1230 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 3 56 theme aqueous 721:727 arg1 phase 729:733 the aqueous phase 717:733 the aqueous phase 717:733 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 4 57 theme % 1244:1244 arg1 range 1092:1096 the range 1088:1096 the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively 1088:1258 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 2 58 from acetate-0.10 mol L-1 393:412 arg1 pH 2.67 446:452 pH 2.67 446:452 pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 446:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 4 59 theme acid 956:959 arg1 50 mg 925:929 50 mg 925:929 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 925:959 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 59 theme acid 956:959 arg1 100 mg 898:903 100 mg 898:903 100 mg of tropic acid 898:918 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 59 theme acid 956:959 arg1 acid 892:895 2-phenylbutyric acid 876:895 2-phenylbutyric acid 876:895 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 60 theme -enantiomers 1068:1079 arg1 recovery 1049:1056 the recovery 1045:1056 the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers 1045:1079 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 6 61 theme different 1518:1526 arg1 enantioselectivities 1528:1547 different enantioselectivities 1518:1547 different enantioselectivities among different racemates 1518:1573 The results showed that different enantioselectivities among different racemates were mainly caused by different enantiorecognition between each enantiomer and HP-β-CD, while it might be partially caused by different inclusion capacity between racemic solutes and HP-β-CD. 26333843 4 62 theme 2,3-diphenylpropionic 934:954 arg1 acid 956:959 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 934:959 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 934:959 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 63 theme optimum 835:841 arg1 conditions 854:863 the optimum separation conditions 831:863 the optimum separation conditions 831:863 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 3 64 theme substituted 613:623 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 625:638 substituted β-cyclodextrin 613:638 substituted β-cyclodextrin 613:638 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 4 65 theme % 1171:1171 arg1 range 1092:1096 the range 1088:1096 the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively 1088:1258 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 1 66 with chromatography 265:278 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 297:310 substituted β-cyclodextrin 285:310 substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors 285:330 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 3 67 theme chiral 688:693 arg1 selector 695:702 chiral selector 688:702 chiral selector 688:702 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 0 68 with Chromatography 89:102 arg1 β-Cyclodextrin 121:134 Substituted β-Cyclodextrin 109:134 Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors 109:154 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 1 69 theme β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic 195:225 arg1 acids 227:231 four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids 190:231 four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids 190:231 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 4 70 theme ± 1178:1178 arg1 acid 1203:1206 (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 1177:1206 (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97% 1177:1230 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 4 71 theme acid 892:895 arg1 100 mg 866:871 100 mg 866:871 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid 866:959 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 0 72 theme Substituted 109:119 arg1 β-Cyclodextrin 121:134 Substituted β-Cyclodextrin 109:134 Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors 109:154 Preparative Enantioseparation of β-Substituted-2-Phenylpropionic Acids by Countercurrent Chromatography With Substituted β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selectors. 26333843 5 73 theme β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic 1318:1348 arg1 acids 1350:1354 β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids 1318:1354 β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids 1318:1354 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 4 74 theme % 1230:1230 arg1 purity 1213:1218 purity 1213:1218 purity of over 97% 1213:1230 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 1 75 theme acids 227:231 arg1 enantioseparation 169:185 Preparative enantioseparation 157:185 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids 157:231 Preparative enantioseparation of four β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids was performed by countercurrent chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. 26333843 5 76 theme 1:1 1278:1280 arg1 complex 1307:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex 1278:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD 1278:1367 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 2 77 contain containing 454:463 arg2 0.10 mol L 465:474 0.10 mol L(-1) 465:478 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 465:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 2 77 contain containing 454:463 arg1 pH 2.67 446:452 pH 2.67 446:452 pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 446:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 3 78 theme equilibrium 740:750 arg1 temperature 752:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 equilibrium temperature 740:762 The influence factors, including the type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, composition of organic phase, concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, and equilibrium temperature were optimized by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. 26333843 4 79 theme % 1235:1235 arg1 range 1092:1096 the range 1088:1096 the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively 1088:1258 Under the optimum separation conditions, 100 mg of 2-phenylbutyric acid, 100 mg of tropic acid, and 50 mg of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were successfully enantioseparated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the recovery of the (±)-enantiomers was in the range of 90-91% for (±)-2-phenylbutyric acid, 91-92% for (±)-tropic acid, 85-87% for (±)-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid with purity of over 97%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. 26333843 2 80 theme hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 483:510 arg1 0.10 mol L 465:474 0.10 mol L(-1) 465:478 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 465:565 The two-phase solvent system was composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.10 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.67 containing 0.10 mol L(-1) of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). 26333843 5 81 theme inclusion 1297:1305 arg1 complex 1307:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex 1278:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD 1278:1367 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 26333843 5 82 theme stoichiometric 1282:1295 arg1 complex 1307:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex 1278:1313 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD 1278:1367 The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of β-substituted-2-phenylpropionic acids with HP-β-CD was determined by UV spectrophotometry and the inclusion constants were calculated by a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation. 27626900 6 0 theme high-speed 1051:1060 arg1 test 1062:1065 Short-term high-speed test 1040:1065 Short-term high-speed test 1040:1065 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 0 1 theme wear 95:98 arg1 degeneration 111:122 mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration 84:122 mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration 84:122 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 3 2 theme combined 746:753 arg1 effects 755:761 combined effects 746:761 combined effects of fluctuating frequency and amplitude 746:800 The sequences of RI were then measured from cartilage surface to deep region and the fluctuations of RI were quantified considering combined effects of fluctuating frequency and amplitude. 27626900 7 3 theme average 1212:1218 arg1 RI 1220:1221 the average RI 1208:1221 the average RI 1208:1221 Long-term low-speed test increased the fluctuation of RI but the average RI was barely changed. 27626900 5 4 theme RI 1020:1021 arg1 fluctuation 1005:1015 the local fluctuation 995:1015 the local fluctuation of RI 995:1021 Along with the loss of proteoglycans, the average RI of cartilage increased and the local fluctuation of RI became stronger. 27626900 7 5 theme RI 1201:1202 arg1 fluctuation 1186:1196 the fluctuation 1182:1196 the fluctuation of RI 1182:1202 Long-term low-speed test increased the fluctuation of RI but the average RI was barely changed. 27626900 0 6 theme enzymic 103:109 arg1 degeneration 111:122 mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration 84:122 mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration 84:122 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 1 7 theme cartilage 381:389 arg1 degeneration 391:402 cartilage degeneration 381:402 cartilage degeneration 381:402 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 6 8 theme little 1075:1080 arg1 influence 1082:1090 little influence 1075:1090 little influence 1075:1090 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 2 9 theme trypsin 566:572 arg1 solution 574:581 trypsin solution 566:581 trypsin solution 566:581 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 4 10 theme compositional 807:819 arg1 alterations 841:851 The compositional and microstructural alterations 803:851 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples 803:872 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples were assessed with histological methods. 27626900 4 11 theme samples 866:872 arg1 alterations 841:851 The compositional and microstructural alterations 803:851 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples 803:872 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples were assessed with histological methods. 27626900 1 12 theme refractive 184:193 arg1 indices 195:201 the refractive indices 180:201 the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations 180:274 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 2 13 theme different 524:532 arg1 patterns 542:549 different loading patterns 524:549 different loading patterns 524:549 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 4 14 theme cartilage 856:864 arg1 samples 866:872 cartilage samples 856:872 cartilage samples 856:872 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples were assessed with histological methods. 27626900 8 15 theme compositional 1312:1324 arg1 alterations 1341:1351 both compositional and structural alterations 1307:1351 both compositional and structural alterations 1307:1351 The results substantially demonstrate that RI of AC varies with both compositional and structural alterations and is potentially an indicator for the degeneration of AC. 27626900 0 16 theme depth-dependent 15:29 arg1 index 42:46 depth-dependent refractive index 15:46 depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage 15:69 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 2 17 theme loading 534:540 arg1 patterns 542:549 different loading patterns 524:549 different loading patterns 524:549 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 3 18 theme RI 631:632 arg1 sequences 618:626 The sequences 614:626 The sequences of RI 614:632 The sequences of RI were then measured from cartilage surface to deep region and the fluctuations of RI were quantified considering combined effects of fluctuating frequency and amplitude. 27626900 5 19 theme average 957:963 arg1 RI 965:966 the average RI 953:966 the average RI of cartilage 953:979 Along with the loss of proteoglycans, the average RI of cartilage increased and the local fluctuation of RI became stronger. 27626900 2 20 theme knees 482:486 arg1 condyles 461:468 the medial femoral condyles 442:468 the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees 442:486 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 1 21 theme articular 206:214 arg1 AC 227:228 AC 227:228 AC 227:228 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 1 21 theme articular 206:214 arg1 cartilage 216:224 articular cartilage 206:224 articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations 206:274 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 7 22 theme low-speed 1157:1165 arg1 test 1167:1170 Long-term low-speed test 1147:1170 Long-term low-speed test 1147:1170 Long-term low-speed test increased the fluctuation of RI but the average RI was barely changed. 27626900 4 23 theme microstructural 825:839 arg1 alterations 841:851 The compositional and microstructural alterations 803:851 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples 803:872 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples were assessed with histological methods. 27626900 1 24 theme cartilage 216:224 arg1 indices 195:201 the refractive indices 180:201 the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations 180:274 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 0 25 theme refractive 31:40 arg1 index 42:46 depth-dependent refractive index 15:46 depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage 15:69 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 1 26 theme potential 318:326 arg1 correlations 328:339 potential correlations 318:339 potential correlations 318:339 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 2 27 theme femoral 453:459 arg1 condyles 461:468 the medial femoral condyles 442:468 the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees 442:486 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 0 28 theme articular 51:59 arg1 cartilage 61:69 articular cartilage 51:69 articular cartilage 51:69 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 5 29 theme local 999:1003 arg1 fluctuation 1005:1015 the local fluctuation 995:1015 the local fluctuation of RI 995:1021 Along with the loss of proteoglycans, the average RI of cartilage increased and the local fluctuation of RI became stronger. 27626900 1 30 with cartilage 216:224 arg1 degenerations 262:274 mechanical or biochemical degenerations 236:274 mechanical or biochemical degenerations 236:274 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 6 31 theme Short-term 1040:1049 arg1 test 1062:1065 Short-term high-speed test 1040:1065 Short-term high-speed test 1040:1065 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 2 32 theme cartilage 409:417 arg1 samples 419:425 The cartilage samples 405:425 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees 405:486 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 2 33 theme medial 446:451 arg1 condyles 461:468 the medial femoral condyles 442:468 the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees 442:486 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 8 34 theme AC 1292:1293 arg1 RI 1286:1287 RI 1286:1287 RI of AC 1286:1293 The results substantially demonstrate that RI of AC varies with both compositional and structural alterations and is potentially an indicator for the degeneration of AC. 27626900 2 35 theme different 588:596 arg1 concentrations 598:611 different concentrations 588:611 different concentrations 588:611 The cartilage samples collected from the medial femoral condyles of kangaroo knees were mechanically degenerated under different loading patterns or digested in trypsin solution with different concentrations. 27626900 3 36 theme cartilage 658:666 arg1 surface 668:674 cartilage surface 658:674 cartilage surface to deep region 658:689 The sequences of RI were then measured from cartilage surface to deep region and the fluctuations of RI were quantified considering combined effects of fluctuating frequency and amplitude. 27626900 5 37 theme proteoglycans 938:950 arg1 loss 930:933 the loss 926:933 the loss of proteoglycans 926:950 Along with the loss of proteoglycans, the average RI of cartilage increased and the local fluctuation of RI became stronger. 27626900 8 38 theme structural 1330:1339 arg1 alterations 1341:1351 both compositional and structural alterations 1307:1351 both compositional and structural alterations 1307:1351 The results substantially demonstrate that RI of AC varies with both compositional and structural alterations and is potentially an indicator for the degeneration of AC. 27626900 7 39 theme Long-term 1147:1155 arg1 test 1167:1170 Long-term low-speed test 1147:1170 Long-term low-speed test 1147:1170 Long-term low-speed test increased the fluctuation of RI but the average RI was barely changed. 27626900 0 40 theme cartilage 61:69 arg1 index 42:46 depth-dependent refractive index 15:46 depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage 15:69 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 1 41 theme refractive 355:364 arg1 RI 373:374 RI 373:374 RI 373:374 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 1 41 theme refractive 355:364 arg1 index 366:370 refractive index 355:370 refractive index (RI) 355:375 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 1 42 theme laser 137:141 arg1 microscope 161:170 a laser scanning confocal microscope 135:170 a laser scanning confocal microscope system 135:177 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 3 43 theme deep 679:682 arg1 region 684:689 deep region 679:689 deep region 679:689 The sequences of RI were then measured from cartilage surface to deep region and the fluctuations of RI were quantified considering combined effects of fluctuating frequency and amplitude. 27626900 1 44 theme scanning 143:150 arg1 microscope 161:170 a laser scanning confocal microscope 135:170 a laser scanning confocal microscope system 135:177 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 3 45 theme RI 715:716 arg1 fluctuations 699:710 the fluctuations 695:710 the fluctuations of RI 695:716 The sequences of RI were then measured from cartilage surface to deep region and the fluctuations of RI were quantified considering combined effects of fluctuating frequency and amplitude. 27626900 8 46 theme AC 1409:1410 arg1 degeneration 1393:1404 the degeneration 1389:1404 the degeneration of AC 1389:1410 The results substantially demonstrate that RI of AC varies with both compositional and structural alterations and is potentially an indicator for the degeneration of AC. 27626900 1 47 theme confocal 152:159 arg1 microscope 161:170 a laser scanning confocal microscope 135:170 a laser scanning confocal microscope system 135:177 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 1 48 theme mechanical 236:245 arg1 degenerations 262:274 mechanical or biochemical degenerations 236:274 mechanical or biochemical degenerations 236:274 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 0 49 theme mechanical 84:93 arg1 degeneration 111:122 mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration 84:122 mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration 84:122 Characterizing depth-dependent refractive index of articular cartilage subjected to mechanical wear or enzymic degeneration. 27626900 6 50 theme overall 1126:1132 arg1 level 1134:1138 overall level 1126:1138 overall level of RI 1126:1144 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 4 51 theme histological 893:904 arg1 methods 906:912 histological methods 893:912 histological methods 893:912 The compositional and microstructural alterations of cartilage samples were assessed with histological methods. 27626900 6 52 theme RI 1143:1144 arg1 fluctuation 1110:1120 the depth fluctuation 1100:1120 the depth fluctuation 1100:1120 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 6 52 theme RI 1143:1144 arg1 level 1134:1138 overall level 1126:1138 overall level of RI 1126:1144 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 1 53 theme microscope 161:170 arg1 system 172:177 a laser scanning confocal microscope system 135:177 a laser scanning confocal microscope system 135:177 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 27626900 6 54 theme depth 1104:1108 arg1 fluctuation 1110:1120 the depth fluctuation 1100:1120 the depth fluctuation 1100:1120 Short-term high-speed test induced little influence to both the depth fluctuation and overall level of RI. 27626900 5 55 theme cartilage 971:979 arg1 RI 965:966 the average RI 953:966 the average RI of cartilage 953:979 Along with the loss of proteoglycans, the average RI of cartilage increased and the local fluctuation of RI became stronger. 27626900 1 56 theme biochemical 250:260 arg1 degenerations 262:274 mechanical or biochemical degenerations 236:274 mechanical or biochemical degenerations 236:274 Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope system, the refractive indices of articular cartilage (AC) with mechanical or biochemical degenerations were characterized to investigate whether potential correlations exist between refractive index (RI) and cartilage degeneration. 24326668 3 0 theme murine 314:319 arg1 line 344:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 3 0 theme murine 314:319 arg1 system 369:374 a model system 361:374 a model system to gain insight into this pathway 361:408 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 4 1 theme sulfated 451:458 arg1 polysaccharide 468:481 a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide 442:481 a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD 442:589 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 11 2 theme cell-associated 1243:1257 arg1 HS/HP 1259:1263 The cell-associated HS/HP 1239:1263 The cell-associated HS/HP 1239:1263 The cell-associated HS/HP closely resembles HP with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues and shows anticoagulant activity. 24326668 1 3 from pathway 169:175 arg1 cells 208:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 12 4 theme HP 1528:1529 arg1 chains 1531:1536 HP chains 1528:1536 HP chains 1528:1536 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 3 5 theme mastocytoma 321:331 arg1 line 344:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 3 5 theme mastocytoma 321:331 arg1 system 369:374 a model system 361:374 a model system to gain insight into this pathway 361:408 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 1 6 theme complex 148:154 arg1 pathway 169:175 a complex biosynthetic pathway 146:175 a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells 146:212 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 4 7 dep lacks 488:492 arg1 K 541:541 Lidholt K 533:541 Lidholt K 533:541 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 4 7 dep lacks 488:492 arg1 J 559:559 J 559:559 J 559:559 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 4 7 dep lacks 488:492 arg1 Montgomery 518:527 Montgomery 518:527 Montgomery 518:527 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 3 8 theme model 363:367 arg1 line 344:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 3 8 theme model 363:367 arg1 system 369:374 a model system 361:374 a model system to gain insight into this pathway 361:408 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 10 9 theme sulfate 1206:1212 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1219:1236 heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans 1166:1236 heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans 1166:1236 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 2 10 theme anticoagulation 286:300 arg1 activity 302:309 the anticoagulation activity 282:309 the anticoagulation activity 282:309 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 10 11 theme Hs3st1 1099:1104 arg1 Overexpression 1081:1094 Overexpression 1081:1094 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells 1081:1121 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 8 12 theme retroviral 769:778 arg1 vector 780:785 a retroviral vector 767:785 a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 767:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 10 13 theme sulfate 1174:1180 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1219:1236 heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans 1166:1236 heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans 1166:1236 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 8 14 contain containing 787:796 arg1 vector 780:785 a retroviral vector 767:785 a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 767:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 14 contain containing 787:796 arg2 Hs3st1 838:843 Hs3st1 838:843 Hs3st1 838:843 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 14 contain containing 787:796 arg2 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 814:835 heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 798:835 heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 798:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 4 15 theme Vertel 562:567 arg1 J 559:559 J 559:559 J 559:559 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 4 15 theme Vertel 562:567 arg1 B 569:569 Vertel B 562:569 Vertel B 562:569 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 1 16 theme biosynthetic 156:167 arg1 pathway 169:175 a complex biosynthetic pathway 146:175 a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells 146:212 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 3 17 theme cell 339:342 arg1 line 344:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 3 17 theme cell 339:342 arg1 system 369:374 a model system 361:374 a model system to gain insight into this pathway 361:408 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 12 18 theme biosynthetic 1436:1447 arg1 pathway 1449:1455 the HP biosynthetic pathway 1429:1455 the HP biosynthetic pathway 1429:1455 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 11 19 theme anticoagulant 1349:1361 arg1 activity 1363:1370 anticoagulant activity 1349:1370 anticoagulant activity 1349:1370 The cell-associated HS/HP closely resembles HP with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues and shows anticoagulant activity. 24326668 2 20 theme critical 253:260 arg1 structure 224:232 structure 224:232 structure 224:232 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 2 20 theme critical 253:260 arg1 factors 262:268 critical factors 253:268 critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity 253:309 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 2 20 theme critical 253:260 arg1 size 238:241 size 238:241 size 238:241 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 6 21 theme cell 623:626 arg1 lines 628:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines 598:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines 598:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines derived from the Furth murine mastocytoma. 24326668 0 22 theme murine 15:20 arg1 cells 34:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells 0:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells 0:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells to produce anticoagulant heparin. 24326668 4 23 dep Montgomery 518:527 arg1 RI 529:530 RI 529:530 Montgomery RI 518:530 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 6 24 theme heparin-producing 605:621 arg1 lines 628:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines 598:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines 598:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines derived from the Furth murine mastocytoma. 24326668 0 25 theme Bioengineering 0:13 arg1 cells 34:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells 0:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells 0:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells to produce anticoagulant heparin. 24326668 10 26 from change 1137:1142 arg1 composition 1151:1161 the composition 1147:1161 the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans 1147:1236 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 12 27 theme pathway 1449:1455 arg1 understanding 1412:1424 a better understanding 1403:1424 a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway 1403:1455 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 10 28 theme glycosaminoglycans 1219:1236 arg1 composition 1151:1161 the composition 1147:1161 the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans 1147:1236 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 6 29 theme Stable 598:603 arg1 lines 628:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines 598:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines 598:632 Stable heparin-producing cell lines derived from the Furth murine mastocytoma. 24326668 1 30 theme connective 180:189 arg1 cells 208:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 9 31 theme N-acetylglucosamine 901:919 arg1 N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 921:954 N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 901:954 N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 901:954 The MST lines express N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1, which are sufficient to make the highly sulfated HP. 24326668 8 32 with transfection 736:747 arg1 vector 780:785 a retroviral vector 767:785 a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 767:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 33 theme heparan 798:804 arg1 Hs3st1 838:843 Hs3st1 838:843 Hs3st1 838:843 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 33 theme heparan 798:804 arg1 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 814:835 heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 798:835 heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 798:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 1 34 theme tissue-type 191:201 arg1 cells 208:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 0 35 theme mastocytoma 22:32 arg1 cells 34:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells 0:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells 0:38 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells to produce anticoagulant heparin. 24326668 4 36 theme Lidholt 533:539 arg1 K 541:541 Lidholt K 533:541 Lidholt K 533:541 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 4 36 theme Lidholt 533:539 arg1 Montgomery 518:527 Montgomery 518:527 Montgomery 518:527 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 3 37 used used 353:356 arg2 line 344:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 3 37 used used 353:356 arg2 system 369:374 a model system 361:374 a model system to gain insight into this pathway 361:408 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 1 38 theme important 91:99 arg1 polysaccharide 115:128 an important anticoagulant polysaccharide 88:128 an important anticoagulant polysaccharide 88:128 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 1 38 theme important 91:99 arg1 Heparin 74:80 Heparin 74:80 Heparin (HP) 74:85 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 1 39 theme mast 203:206 arg1 cells 208:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 connective tissue-type mast cells 180:212 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 10 40 from Overexpression 1081:1094 arg1 cells 1117:1121 MST-10H cells 1109:1121 MST-10H cells 1109:1121 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 10 41 dep sulfate 1174:1180 arg1 /HP 1186:1188 /HP 1186:1188 heparan sulfate (HS)/HP 1166:1188 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 9 42 theme uronosyl 957:964 arg1 2-O-sulfotransferase 966:985 uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase 957:985 uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase 957:985 The MST lines express N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1, which are sufficient to make the highly sulfated HP. 24326668 4 43 theme anticoagulant 494:506 arg1 activity 508:515 anticoagulant activity 494:515 anticoagulant activity 494:515 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 4 44 theme MST 424:426 arg1 cells 428:432 MST cells 424:432 MST cells 424:432 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 11 45 theme 3-O-sulfo 1291:1299 arg1 residues 1330:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 The cell-associated HS/HP closely resembles HP with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues and shows anticoagulant activity. 24326668 2 46 dep structure 224:232 arg1 the 220:222 the 220:222 the 220:222 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 12 47 theme different 1543:1551 arg1 structures 1553:1562 different structures 1543:1562 different structures 1543:1562 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 1 48 theme anticoagulant 101:113 arg1 polysaccharide 115:128 an important anticoagulant polysaccharide 88:128 an important anticoagulant polysaccharide 88:128 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 1 48 theme anticoagulant 101:113 arg1 Heparin 74:80 Heparin 74:80 Heparin (HP) 74:85 Heparin (HP), an important anticoagulant polysaccharide, is produced in a complex biosynthetic pathway in connective tissue-type mast cells. 24326668 0 49 theme anticoagulant 51:63 arg1 heparin 65:71 anticoagulant heparin 51:71 anticoagulant heparin 51:71 Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells to produce anticoagulant heparin. 24326668 8 50 theme sulfate 806:812 arg1 Hs3st1 838:843 Hs3st1 838:843 Hs3st1 838:843 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 50 theme sulfate 806:812 arg1 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 814:835 heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 798:835 heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 798:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 51 theme anticoagulant 855:867 arg1 activity 869:876 anticoagulant activity 855:876 anticoagulant activity 855:876 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 9 52 theme glucosaminyl 991:1002 arg1 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 1004:1025 glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 991:1025 glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 991:1025 The MST lines express N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1, which are sufficient to make the highly sulfated HP. 24326668 12 53 theme HP 1433:1434 arg1 pathway 1449:1455 the HP biosynthetic pathway 1429:1455 the HP biosynthetic pathway 1429:1455 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 9 54 theme MST 883:885 arg1 lines 887:891 The MST lines 879:891 The MST lines 879:891 The MST lines express N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1, which are sufficient to make the highly sulfated HP. 24326668 11 55 with HP 1283:1284 arg1 residues 1330:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 The cell-associated HS/HP closely resembles HP with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues and shows anticoagulant activity. 24326668 10 56 theme CS/dermatan 1194:1204 arg1 DS 1215:1216 DS 1215:1216 DS 1215:1216 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 10 56 theme CS/dermatan 1194:1204 arg1 sulfate 1206:1212 CS/dermatan sulfate 1194:1212 CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 1194:1217 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 10 57 theme heparan 1166:1172 arg1 HS 1183:1184 HS 1183:1184 HS 1183:1184 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 10 57 theme heparan 1166:1172 arg1 sulfate 1174:1180 heparan sulfate 1166:1180 heparan sulfate (HS)/HP 1166:1188 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 12 58 theme better 1405:1410 arg1 understanding 1412:1424 a better understanding 1403:1424 a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway 1403:1455 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 10 59 theme MST-10H 1109:1115 arg1 cells 1117:1121 MST-10H cells 1109:1121 MST-10H cells 1109:1121 Overexpression of Hs3st1 in MST-10H cells resulted in a change in the composition of heparan sulfate (HS)/HP and CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans. 24326668 2 60 theme HP 246:247 arg1 structure 224:232 structure 224:232 structure 224:232 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 2 60 theme HP 246:247 arg1 factors 262:268 critical factors 253:268 critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity 253:309 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 2 60 theme HP 246:247 arg1 size 238:241 size 238:241 size 238:241 Both the structure and size of HP are critical factors determining the anticoagulation activity. 24326668 6 61 theme murine 657:662 arg1 mastocytoma 664:674 the Furth murine mastocytoma 647:674 the Furth murine mastocytoma 647:674 Stable heparin-producing cell lines derived from the Furth murine mastocytoma. 24326668 9 62 theme sulfated 1068:1075 arg1 HP 1077:1078 the highly sulfated HP 1057:1078 the highly sulfated HP 1057:1078 The MST lines express N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfotransferase-1, which are sufficient to make the highly sulfated HP. 24326668 8 63 theme cells 756:760 arg1 transfection 736:747 transfection 736:747 transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) 736:844 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 24326668 12 64 theme chains 1531:1536 arg1 biosynthesis 1512:1523 the biosynthesis 1508:1523 the biosynthesis of HP chains 1508:1536 This study contributes toward a better understanding of the HP biosynthetic pathway with the goal of providing tools to better control the biosynthesis of HP chains with different structures and activities. 24326668 6 65 theme Furth 651:655 arg1 mastocytoma 664:674 the Furth murine mastocytoma 647:674 the Furth murine mastocytoma 647:674 Stable heparin-producing cell lines derived from the Furth murine mastocytoma. 24326668 3 66 theme MST 334:336 arg1 line 344:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line 312:347 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 3 66 theme MST 334:336 arg1 system 369:374 a model system 361:374 a model system to gain insight into this pathway 361:408 A murine mastocytoma (MST) cell line was used as a model system to gain insight into this pathway. 24326668 4 67 theme HP-like 460:466 arg1 polysaccharide 468:481 a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide 442:481 a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD 442:589 As reported, MST cells produce a highly sulfated HP-like polysaccharide that lacks anticoagulant activity (Montgomery RI, Lidholt K, Flay NW, Liang J, Vertel B, Lindahl U, Esko JD. 24326668 11 68 theme group-containing 1301:1316 arg1 residues 1330:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 The cell-associated HS/HP closely resembles HP with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues and shows anticoagulant activity. 24326668 11 69 theme glucosamine 1318:1328 arg1 residues 1330:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 1291:1337 The cell-associated HS/HP closely resembles HP with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues and shows anticoagulant activity. 24326668 8 70 theme MST 752:754 arg1 cells 756:760 MST cells 752:760 MST cells 752:760 Here, we show that transfection of MST cells with a retroviral vector containing heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (Hs3st1) restores anticoagulant activity. 25850694 0 0 theme pentapeptide 86:97 arg1 OGP 99:101 pentapeptide OGP 86:101 pentapeptide OGP 86:101 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 0 1 from composites 35:44 arg1 regeneration 111:122 bone regeneration 106:122 bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model 106:162 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 6 2 theme biomarkers 1133:1142 arg1 expression 1109:1118 High expression 1104:1118 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, 1104:1178 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 4 3 theme differentiation/activity 926:949 arg1 acceleration 895:906 an acceleration 892:906 an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity 892:949 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 3 4 theme descriptive 602:612 arg1 histology 614:622 descriptive histology 602:622 descriptive histology 602:622 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 6 5 theme bone 1128:1131 arg1 Spp1 1159:1162 Spp1 1159:1162 Spp1 1159:1162 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 6 5 theme bone 1128:1131 arg1 Tnfrsf11b 1169:1177 Tnfrsf11b 1169:1177 Tnfrsf11b 1169:1177 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 6 5 theme bone 1128:1131 arg1 Alpl 1153:1156 Alpl 1153:1156 Alpl 1153:1156 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 6 5 theme bone 1128:1131 arg1 biomarkers 1133:1142 some bone biomarkers 1123:1142 some bone biomarkers 1123:1142 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 7 6 theme calvarial 1329:1337 arg1 defects 1339:1345 critical-size mice calvarial defects 1310:1345 critical-size mice calvarial defects 1310:1345 In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. 25850694 8 7 theme regeneration 1454:1465 arg1 potential 1467:1475 bone regeneration potential 1449:1475 bone regeneration potential 1449:1475 Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term. 25850694 1 8 theme bone 343:346 arg1 regeneration 348:359 bone regeneration 343:359 bone regeneration 343:359 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 5 9 located observed 1046:1053 arg2 percentage 1013:1022 a high percentage 1006:1022 a high percentage of bone formation 1006:1040 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 5 9 located observed 1046:1053 arg1 days 1000:1003 60 and 90 days 990:1003 60 and 90 days 990:1003 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 8 10 theme bone 1449:1452 arg1 potential 1467:1475 bone regeneration potential 1449:1475 bone regeneration potential 1449:1475 Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term. 25850694 1 11 theme osteogenic 281:290 arg1 OGP 308:310 OGP 308:310 OGP 308:310 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 1 11 theme osteogenic 281:290 arg1 peptide 299:305 osteogenic growth peptide 281:305 osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) 281:311 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 4 12 theme BC-HA 839:843 arg1 OGP 845:847 BC-HA OGP 839:847 BC-HA OGP 839:847 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 3 13 theme gene 625:628 arg1 expression 630:639 gene expression 625:639 gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR 625:666 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 8 14 theme mol 1423:1425 arg1 L 1427:1427 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1416:1431 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1416:1431 Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term. 25850694 1 15 theme growth 292:297 arg1 OGP 308:310 OGP 308:310 OGP 308:310 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 1 15 theme growth 292:297 arg1 peptide 299:305 osteogenic growth peptide 281:305 osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) 281:311 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 1 16 from defects 388:394 arg1 mice 399:402 mice 399:402 mice 399:402 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 7 17 theme BC-HA 1259:1263 arg1 membrane 1265:1272 the BC-HA membrane 1255:1272 the BC-HA membrane 1255:1272 In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. 25850694 0 18 theme bone 106:109 arg1 regeneration 111:122 bone regeneration 106:122 bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model 106:162 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 1 19 theme critical-size 364:376 arg1 defects 388:394 critical-size calvarial defects 364:394 critical-size calvarial defects in mice 364:402 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 6 20 theme High 1104:1107 arg1 expression 1109:1118 High expression 1104:1118 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, 1104:1178 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 4 21 theme BC-HA 853:857 arg1 membranes 870:878 BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes 853:878 BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes 853:878 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 0 22 theme cellulose-hydroxyapatite 10:33 arg1 composites 35:44 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites 0:44 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 0:163 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 1 23 theme calvarial 378:386 arg1 defects 388:394 critical-size calvarial defects 364:394 critical-size calvarial defects in mice 364:402 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 4 24 theme post-operative 753:766 arg1 days 748:751 Three days post-operative 742:766 Three days post-operative 742:766 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 4 24 theme post-operative 753:766 arg1 Runx2 769:773 Runx2 769:773 Runx2 769:773 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 4 24 theme post-operative 753:766 arg1 biomarkers 801:810 Bglap bone biomarkers 790:810 Bglap bone biomarkers 790:810 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 4 24 theme post-operative 753:766 arg1 Tnfrsf11b 776:784 Tnfrsf11b 776:784 Tnfrsf11b 776:784 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 0 25 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 composites 35:44 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites 0:44 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 0:163 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 3 26 theme biomarkers 649:658 arg1 factor 709:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 26 theme biomarkers 649:658 arg1 expression 630:639 gene expression 625:639 gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR 625:666 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 26 theme biomarkers 649:658 arg1 µCT 596:598 µCT 596:598 µCT 596:598 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 26 theme biomarkers 649:658 arg1 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) 672:715 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 26 theme biomarkers 649:658 arg1 tomography 584:593 micro-computed tomography 569:593 micro-computed tomography (µCT) 569:599 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 26 theme biomarkers 649:658 arg1 histology 614:622 descriptive histology 602:622 descriptive histology 602:622 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 5 27 dep BC-HA 1066:1070 arg1 membranes 1093:1101 OGP(10-14) membranes 1082:1101 OGP(10-14) membranes 1082:1101 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 7 28 theme better 1285:1290 arg1 formation 1297:1305 a better bone formation 1283:1305 a better bone formation 1283:1305 In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. 25850694 4 29 theme osteoblast 915:924 arg1 differentiation/activity 926:949 the osteoblast differentiation/activity 911:949 the osteoblast differentiation/activity 911:949 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 0 30 theme critical-size 127:139 arg1 model 158:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 2 31 theme BC-HA-OGP 446:454 arg1 membranes 463:471 BC-HA-OGP(10-14) membranes 446:471 BC-HA-OGP(10-14) membranes 446:471 In this study, the BC-HA, BC-HA-OGP, and BC-HA-OGP(10-14) membranes were analyzed at 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. 25850694 0 32 theme growth 62:67 arg1 OGP 78:80 OGP 78:80 OGP 78:80 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 0 32 theme growth 62:67 arg1 peptide 69:75 osteogenic growth peptide 51:75 osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) 51:81 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 3 33 theme bone 644:647 arg1 biomarkers 649:658 bone biomarkers 644:658 bone biomarkers 644:658 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 0 34 theme defect 151:156 arg1 model 158:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 1 35 theme bacterial 211:219 arg1 composites 254:263 bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites 211:263 bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) 211:338 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 0 36 theme osteogenic 51:60 arg1 OGP 78:80 OGP 78:80 OGP 78:80 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 0 36 theme osteogenic 51:60 arg1 peptide 69:75 osteogenic growth peptide 51:75 osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) 51:81 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 8 37 theme peptides 1383:1390 arg1 incorporation 1362:1374 incorporation 1362:1374 incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1362:1431 Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term. 25850694 0 38 theme calvarial 141:149 arg1 model 158:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 7 39 theme mice 1324:1327 arg1 defects 1339:1345 critical-size mice calvarial defects 1310:1345 critical-size mice calvarial defects 1310:1345 In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. 25850694 1 40 theme cellulose-hydroxyapatite 221:244 arg1 composites 254:263 bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites 211:263 bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) 211:338 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 1 41 theme pentapeptide 316:327 arg1 10-14 333:337 10-14 333:337 10-14 333:337 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 1 41 theme pentapeptide 316:327 arg1 OGP 329:331 pentapeptide OGP 316:331 pentapeptide OGP(10-14) 316:338 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 4 42 theme Bglap 790:794 arg1 days 748:751 Three days post-operative 742:766 Three days post-operative 742:766 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 4 42 theme Bglap 790:794 arg1 biomarkers 801:810 Bglap bone biomarkers 790:810 Bglap bone biomarkers 790:810 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 4 43 theme OGP 859:861 arg1 membranes 870:878 BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes 853:878 BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes 853:878 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 8 44 from concentration 1399:1411 arg1 incorporation 1362:1374 incorporation 1362:1374 incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1362:1431 Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term. 25850694 0 45 with composites 35:44 arg1 OGP 78:80 OGP 78:80 OGP 78:80 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 0 45 with composites 35:44 arg1 peptide 69:75 osteogenic growth peptide 51:75 osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) 51:81 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 0 45 with composites 35:44 arg1 OGP 99:101 pentapeptide OGP 86:101 pentapeptide OGP 86:101 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 5 46 theme high 1008:1011 arg1 percentage 1013:1022 a high percentage 1006:1022 a high percentage of bone formation 1006:1040 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 5 47 theme bone 1027:1030 arg1 formation 1032:1040 bone formation 1027:1040 bone formation 1027:1040 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 0 48 from regeneration 111:122 arg1 model 158:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 critical-size calvarial defect model 127:162 Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model. 25850694 7 49 theme critical-size 1310:1322 arg1 defects 1339:1345 critical-size mice calvarial defects 1310:1345 critical-size mice calvarial defects 1310:1345 In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. 25850694 1 50 from potential 198:206 arg1 regeneration 348:359 bone regeneration 343:359 bone regeneration 343:359 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 5 51 theme formation 1032:1040 arg1 percentage 1013:1022 a high percentage 1006:1022 a high percentage of bone formation 1006:1040 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 6 52 from membranes 1211:1219 arg1 days 1224:1227 days 60 and 90 1224:1237 days 1224:1227 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 6 52 from membranes 1211:1219 arg1 90 1236:1237 90 1236:1237 90 1236:1237 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 3 53 theme growth 702:707 arg1 factor 709:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 53 theme growth 702:707 arg1 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) 672:715 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 4 54 theme bone 796:799 arg1 days 748:751 Three days post-operative 742:766 Three days post-operative 742:766 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 4 54 theme bone 796:799 arg1 biomarkers 801:810 Bglap bone biomarkers 790:810 Bglap bone biomarkers 790:810 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 7 55 theme bone 1292:1295 arg1 formation 1297:1305 a better bone formation 1283:1305 a better bone formation 1283:1305 In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. 25850694 1 56 theme BC-HA 247:251 arg1 composites 254:263 bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites 211:263 bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) 211:338 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 25850694 6 57 theme same 1206:1209 arg1 membranes 1211:1219 the same membranes 1202:1219 the same membranes on days 60 and 90 1202:1237 High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. 25850694 3 58 theme micro-computed 569:582 arg1 µCT 596:598 µCT 596:598 µCT 596:598 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 58 theme micro-computed 569:582 arg1 tomography 584:593 micro-computed tomography 569:593 micro-computed tomography (µCT) 569:599 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 4 59 theme biomaterials 973:984 arg1 use 960:962 the use 956:962 the use of these biomaterials 956:984 Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. 25850694 3 60 theme vascular 681:688 arg1 factor 709:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 60 theme vascular 681:688 arg1 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) 672:715 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 61 dep tomography 584:593 arg1 quantification 717:730 quantification 717:730 quantification 717:730 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 62 theme endothelial 690:700 arg1 factor 709:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 vascular endothelial growth factor 681:714 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 3 62 theme endothelial 690:700 arg1 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 672:678 VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) 672:715 In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. 25850694 5 63 theme OGP 1082:1084 arg1 membranes 1093:1101 OGP(10-14) membranes 1082:1101 OGP(10-14) membranes 1082:1101 At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10-14) membranes. 25850694 8 64 theme L 1427:1427 arg1 concentration 1399:1411 the concentration 1395:1411 the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1395:1431 Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10(-9) mol L(-1) did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term. 25850694 1 65 theme composites 254:263 arg1 potential 198:206 the potential 194:206 the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration 194:359 This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. 28457428 1 0 theme alginate 321:328 arg1 copolymerization 301:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization 278:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution 278:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 7 1 theme various 966:972 arg1 factors 974:980 various factors 966:980 various factors 966:980 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 1 theme various 966:972 arg1 pH 1037:1038 solution pH 1028:1038 solution pH 1028:1038 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 1 theme various 966:972 arg1 temperature 1062:1072 temperature 1062:1072 temperature 1062:1072 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 1 theme various 966:972 arg1 loads 1001:1005 different loads 991:1005 different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi) 991:1025 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 1 theme various 966:972 arg1 solution 1048:1055 saline solution 1041:1055 saline solution 1041:1055 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 4 2 theme greater 662:668 arg1 1070g/g 701:707 1070g/g 701:707 1070g/g 701:707 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 4 2 theme greater 662:668 arg1 capacity 691:698 greater equilibrium swelling capacity 662:698 greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) 662:708 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 0 3 theme husk 65:68 arg1 ash 70:72 rice husk ash 60:72 rice husk ash 60:72 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash: Synthesis, characterization, and swelling kinetic studies. 28457428 6 4 theme RHA 886:888 arg1 role 878:881 effective role 868:881 effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite 868:946 Rheological measurements confirmed effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite. 28457428 1 5 from copolymerization 301:316 arg1 solution 395:402 aqueous solution 387:402 aqueous solution 387:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 6 theme sodium 138:143 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 6 theme sodium 138:143 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 3 7 link interlinked 580:590 arg1 channels 592:599 porous interlinked channels 573:599 porous interlinked channels 573:599 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix formed porous interlinked channels within hydrogel network. 28457428 6 8 theme Rheological 833:843 arg1 measurements 845:856 Rheological measurements 833:856 Rheological measurements 833:856 Rheological measurements confirmed effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite. 28457428 7 9 theme saline 1041:1046 arg1 solution 1048:1055 saline solution 1041:1055 saline solution 1041:1055 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 8 10 theme horticultural 1316:1328 arg1 applications 1330:1341 agricultural and horticultural applications 1299:1341 agricultural and horticultural applications 1299:1341 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 8 11 dep swelling 1188:1195 arg1 reversibility 1197:1209 reversibility 1197:1209 reversibility 1197:1209 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 1 12 theme RHA 380:382 arg1 copolymerization 301:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization 278:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution 278:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 4 13 theme neat 724:727 arg1 hydrogel 729:736 neat hydrogel 724:736 neat hydrogel (830g/g) 724:745 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 4 13 theme neat 724:727 arg1 830g/g 739:744 830g/g 739:744 830g/g 739:744 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 1 14 theme superabsorbent 230:243 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 14 theme superabsorbent 230:243 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 6 15 theme effective 868:876 arg1 role 878:881 effective role 868:881 effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite 868:946 Rheological measurements confirmed effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite. 28457428 5 16 theme hydrogels 791:799 arg1 mechanism 774:782 water transport mechanism 758:782 water transport mechanism of all hydrogels 758:799 Moreover, water transport mechanism of all hydrogels was non-Fickian diffusion type. 28457428 0 17 dep Synthesis 75:83 arg1 hydrogel 15:22 Superabsorbent hydrogel 0:22 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash 0:72 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash: Synthesis, characterization, and swelling kinetic studies. 28457428 8 18 theme high 1215:1218 arg1 capability 1236:1245 high water retention capability 1215:1245 high water retention capability 1215:1245 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 1 19 theme alginate-g-poly 145:159 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 19 theme alginate-g-poly 145:159 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 8 20 theme good 1170:1173 arg1 swelling 1188:1195 good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability 1170:1245 swelling 1188:1195 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 1 21 theme acrylic 339:345 arg1 AA 353:354 AA 353:354 AA 353:354 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 21 theme acrylic 339:345 arg1 acid 347:350 acrylic acid 339:350 acrylic acid (AA) 339:355 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 22 theme aqueous 387:393 arg1 solution 395:402 aqueous solution 387:402 aqueous solution 387:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 5 23 theme transport 764:772 arg1 mechanism 774:782 water transport mechanism 758:782 water transport mechanism of all hydrogels 758:799 Moreover, water transport mechanism of all hydrogels was non-Fickian diffusion type. 28457428 5 24 theme water 758:762 arg1 mechanism 774:782 water transport mechanism 758:782 water transport mechanism of all hydrogels 758:799 Moreover, water transport mechanism of all hydrogels was non-Fickian diffusion type. 28457428 1 25 theme acid 347:350 arg1 copolymerization 301:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization 278:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution 278:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 7 26 theme hydrogels 1102:1110 arg1 behavior 1090:1097 the swelling behavior 1077:1097 the swelling behavior of hydrogels 1077:1110 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 1 27 theme acrylic 161:167 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 27 theme acrylic 161:167 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 0 28 theme Superabsorbent 0:13 arg1 hydrogel 15:22 Superabsorbent hydrogel 0:22 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash 0:72 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash: Synthesis, characterization, and swelling kinetic studies. 28457428 7 29 theme swelling 1081:1088 arg1 behavior 1090:1097 the swelling behavior 1077:1097 the swelling behavior of hydrogels 1077:1110 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 30 theme solution 1028:1035 arg1 pH 1037:1038 solution pH 1028:1038 solution pH 1028:1038 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 8 31 theme water 1220:1224 arg1 capability 1236:1245 high water retention capability 1215:1245 high water retention capability 1215:1245 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 1 32 theme acid-co-acrylamide 169:186 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 32 theme acid-co-acrylamide 169:186 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 8 33 theme Superabsorbent 1131:1144 arg1 nanocomposite 1146:1158 Superabsorbent nanocomposite 1131:1158 Superabsorbent nanocomposite 1131:1158 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 8 34 theme retention 1226:1234 arg1 capability 1236:1245 high water retention capability 1215:1245 high water retention capability 1215:1245 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 3 35 theme interlinked 580:590 arg1 channels 592:599 porous interlinked channels 573:599 porous interlinked channels 573:599 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix formed porous interlinked channels within hydrogel network. 28457428 7 36 from influence 953:961 arg1 behavior 1090:1097 the swelling behavior 1077:1097 the swelling behavior of hydrogels 1077:1110 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 1 37 theme /rice 188:192 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 37 theme /rice 188:192 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 2 38 theme FTIR 405:408 arg1 spectra 410:416 FTIR spectra 405:416 FTIR spectra 405:416 FTIR spectra revealed that the monomers were grafted onto NaAlg chains, and the nanocomposite was formed successfully. 28457428 6 39 theme nanocomposite 934:946 arg1 strength 907:914 gel strength 903:914 gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite 903:946 Rheological measurements confirmed effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite. 28457428 0 40 theme kinetic 117:123 arg1 studies 125:131 swelling kinetic studies 108:131 swelling kinetic studies 108:131 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash: Synthesis, characterization, and swelling kinetic studies. 28457428 1 41 theme husk 194:197 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 41 theme husk 194:197 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 5 42 theme diffusion 817:825 arg1 type 827:830 non-Fickian diffusion type 805:830 non-Fickian diffusion type 805:830 Moreover, water transport mechanism of all hydrogels was non-Fickian diffusion type. 28457428 6 43 theme superabsorbent 919:932 arg1 nanocomposite 934:946 superabsorbent nanocomposite 919:946 superabsorbent nanocomposite 919:946 Rheological measurements confirmed effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite. 28457428 0 44 theme swelling 108:115 arg1 studies 125:131 swelling kinetic studies 108:131 swelling kinetic studies 108:131 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash: Synthesis, characterization, and swelling kinetic studies. 28457428 5 45 theme non-Fickian 805:815 arg1 type 827:830 non-Fickian diffusion type 805:830 non-Fickian diffusion type 805:830 Moreover, water transport mechanism of all hydrogels was non-Fickian diffusion type. 28457428 1 46 theme ash 199:201 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 46 theme ash 199:201 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 8 47 theme pH-dependent 1175:1186 arg1 swelling 1188:1195 good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability 1170:1245 swelling 1188:1195 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 1 48 theme free-radical 282:293 arg1 copolymerization 301:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization 278:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution 278:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 3 49 theme porous 573:578 arg1 channels 592:599 porous interlinked channels 573:599 porous interlinked channels 573:599 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix formed porous interlinked channels within hydrogel network. 28457428 4 50 theme swelling 682:689 arg1 1070g/g 701:707 1070g/g 701:707 1070g/g 701:707 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 4 50 theme swelling 682:689 arg1 capacity 691:698 greater equilibrium swelling capacity 662:698 greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) 662:708 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 2 51 theme NaAlg 463:467 arg1 chains 469:474 NaAlg chains 463:474 NaAlg chains 463:474 FTIR spectra revealed that the monomers were grafted onto NaAlg chains, and the nanocomposite was formed successfully. 28457428 1 52 theme graft 295:299 arg1 copolymerization 301:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization 278:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution 278:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 53 theme acrylamide 358:367 arg1 copolymerization 301:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization 278:316 the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution 278:402 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 4 54 theme equilibrium 670:680 arg1 1070g/g 701:707 1070g/g 701:707 1070g/g 701:707 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 4 54 theme equilibrium 670:680 arg1 capacity 691:698 greater equilibrium swelling capacity 662:698 greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) 662:708 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 6 55 theme gel 903:905 arg1 strength 907:914 gel strength 903:914 gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite 903:946 Rheological measurements confirmed effective role of RHA in improving gel strength of superabsorbent nanocomposite. 28457428 3 56 theme hydrogel 550:557 arg1 matrix 559:564 hydrogel matrix 550:564 hydrogel matrix 550:564 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix formed porous interlinked channels within hydrogel network. 28457428 8 57 theme efficient 1263:1271 arg1 material 1286:1293 more efficient water-saving material 1258:1293 more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications 1258:1341 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 7 58 theme different 991:999 arg1 psi 1022:1024 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi 1008:1024 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi 1008:1024 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 58 theme different 991:999 arg1 loads 1001:1005 different loads 991:1005 different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi) 991:1025 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 7 59 theme factors 974:980 arg1 influence 953:961 The influence 949:961 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels 949:1110 The influence of various factors, such as different loads (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 psi), solution pH, saline solution, and temperature on the swelling behavior of hydrogels was also assessed. 28457428 8 60 theme water-saving 1273:1284 arg1 material 1286:1293 more efficient water-saving material 1258:1293 more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications 1258:1341 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 8 61 theme agricultural 1299:1310 arg1 applications 1330:1341 agricultural and horticultural applications 1299:1341 agricultural and horticultural applications 1299:1341 Superabsorbent nanocomposite exhibited good pH-dependent swelling reversibility and high water retention capability, making it more efficient water-saving material for agricultural and horticultural applications. 28457428 1 62 theme NaAlg-g-P 204:212 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 62 theme NaAlg-g-P 204:212 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 0 63 theme rice 60:63 arg1 ash 70:72 rice husk ash 60:72 rice husk ash 60:72 Superabsorbent hydrogel made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and rice husk ash: Synthesis, characterization, and swelling kinetic studies. 28457428 3 64 theme hydrogel 608:615 arg1 network 617:623 hydrogel network 608:623 hydrogel network 608:623 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix formed porous interlinked channels within hydrogel network. 28457428 3 65 theme RHA 541:543 arg1 Incorporation 524:536 Incorporation 524:536 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix 524:564 Incorporation of RHA into hydrogel matrix formed porous interlinked channels within hydrogel network. 28457428 4 66 theme Superabsorbent 626:639 arg1 nanocomposite 641:653 Superabsorbent nanocomposite 626:653 Superabsorbent nanocomposite 626:653 Superabsorbent nanocomposite showed greater equilibrium swelling capacity (1070g/g) compared with neat hydrogel (830g/g). 28457428 1 67 theme AA-co-AAm 214:222 arg1 /RHA 224:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA 204:227 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28457428 1 67 theme AA-co-AAm 214:222 arg1 nanocomposite 245:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite 134:257 The sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/rice husk ash (NaAlg-g-P(AA-co-AAm)/RHA) superabsorbent nanocomposite was synthesized by the free-radical graft copolymerization of alginate (NaAlg), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and RHA in aqueous solution. 28912238 4 0 dep Gossypium 396:404 arg1 hirsutum 406:413 Gossypium hirsutum 396:413 Gossypium hirsutum 396:413 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 5 1 theme unnatural 763:771 arg1 magnetism 808:816 magnetism 808:816 magnetism 808:816 This yields fibers with unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism. 28912238 5 1 theme unnatural 763:771 arg1 properties 773:782 unnatural properties 763:782 unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism 763:816 This yields fibers with unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism. 28912238 5 1 theme unnatural 763:771 arg1 fluorescence 792:803 fluorescence 792:803 fluorescence 792:803 This yields fibers with unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism. 28912238 2 2 theme fiber 158:162 arg1 coatings 164:171 fiber coatings 158:171 fiber coatings 158:171 Current approaches that rely on fiber coatings suffer from function loss during wear. 28912238 6 3 theme appropriate 857:867 arg1 design 879:884 the appropriate molecular design 853:884 the appropriate molecular design 853:884 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 4 4 theme cotton 388:393 arg1 cultures 369:376 In vitro model cultures 354:376 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 354:414 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 5 theme cell 655:658 arg1 layer 660:664 the outermost cell layer 641:664 the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis 641:687 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 6 theme outermost 645:653 arg1 layer 660:664 the outermost cell layer 641:664 the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis 641:687 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 7 theme glucose 555:561 arg1 carrier 580:586 a carrier 578:586 a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis 578:687 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 7 theme glucose 555:561 arg1 moiety 563:568 the glucose moiety 551:568 the glucose moiety 551:568 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 3 8 theme biological 247:256 arg1 incorporation 258:270 biological incorporation 247:270 biological incorporation of exogenous molecules into cotton fibers 247:312 We present an approach that allows biological incorporation of exogenous molecules into cotton fibers to tailor the material's functionality. 28912238 6 9 theme molecular 869:877 arg1 design 879:884 the appropriate molecular design 853:884 the appropriate molecular design 853:884 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 5 10 with fibers 751:756 arg1 magnetism 808:816 magnetism 808:816 magnetism 808:816 This yields fibers with unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism. 28912238 5 10 with fibers 751:756 arg1 properties 773:782 unnatural properties 763:782 unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism 763:816 This yields fibers with unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism. 28912238 5 10 with fibers 751:756 arg1 fluorescence 792:803 fluorescence 792:803 fluorescence 792:803 This yields fibers with unnatural properties such as fluorescence or magnetism. 28912238 6 11 theme material-farming 972:987 arg1 concept 989:995 a material-farming concept 970:995 a material-farming concept 970:995 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 4 12 theme model 363:367 arg1 cultures 369:376 In vitro model cultures 354:376 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 354:414 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 1 13 theme promising 81:89 arg1 basis 91:95 a promising basis 79:95 a promising basis for wearable smart textiles 79:123 Cotton is a promising basis for wearable smart textiles. 28912238 1 13 theme promising 81:89 arg1 Cotton 69:74 Cotton 69:74 Cotton 69:74 Cotton is a promising basis for wearable smart textiles. 28912238 0 14 theme Biological 0:9 arg1 fabrication 11:21 Biological fabrication 0:21 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties 0:66 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties. 28912238 4 15 theme upland 381:386 arg1 Gossypium 396:404 Gossypium 396:404 Gossypium 396:404 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 15 theme upland 381:386 arg1 cotton 388:393 upland cotton 381:393 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 381:414 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 16 theme cellulose 721:729 arg1 fibers 731:736 the cellulose fibers 717:736 the cellulose fibers 717:736 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 0 17 theme cellulose 26:34 arg1 fibers 36:41 cellulose fibers 26:41 cellulose fibers 26:41 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties. 28912238 3 18 theme exogenous 275:283 arg1 molecules 285:293 exogenous molecules 275:293 exogenous molecules 275:293 We present an approach that allows biological incorporation of exogenous molecules into cotton fibers to tailor the material's functionality. 28912238 6 19 theme numerous 893:900 arg1 possibilities 902:914 numerous possibilities 893:914 numerous possibilities 893:914 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 4 20 dep In 354:355 arg1 vitro 357:361 vitro 357:361 vitro 357:361 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 3 21 theme molecules 285:293 arg1 incorporation 258:270 biological incorporation 247:270 biological incorporation of exogenous molecules into cotton fibers 247:312 We present an approach that allows biological incorporation of exogenous molecules into cotton fibers to tailor the material's functionality. 28912238 1 22 theme wearable 101:108 arg1 textiles 116:123 wearable smart textiles 101:123 wearable smart textiles 101:123 Cotton is a promising basis for wearable smart textiles. 28912238 4 23 theme epidermis 679:687 arg1 layer 660:664 the outermost cell layer 641:664 the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis 641:687 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 24 theme vascular 618:625 arg1 connection 627:636 the vascular connection 614:636 the vascular connection 614:636 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 25 theme 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose 435:462 arg1 acid-glucose 531:542 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose 435:542 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose 435:542 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 0 26 theme fibers 36:41 arg1 fabrication 11:21 Biological fabrication 0:21 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties 0:66 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties. 28912238 4 27 theme capable 588:594 arg1 carrier 580:586 a carrier 578:586 a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis 578:687 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 27 theme capable 588:594 arg1 moiety 563:568 the glucose moiety 551:568 the glucose moiety 551:568 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 4 28 theme dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic 468:529 arg1 acid-glucose 531:542 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose 435:542 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose 435:542 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 6 29 theme biological 829:838 arg1 systems 840:846 biological systems 829:846 biological systems 829:846 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 1 30 theme smart 110:114 arg1 textiles 116:123 wearable smart textiles 101:123 wearable smart textiles 101:123 Cotton is a promising basis for wearable smart textiles. 28912238 0 31 theme tailored 48:55 arg1 properties 57:66 tailored properties 48:66 tailored properties 48:66 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties. 28912238 6 32 theme composite 935:943 arg1 materials 945:953 functional composite materials 924:953 functional composite materials 924:953 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 0 33 with fabrication 11:21 arg1 properties 57:66 tailored properties 48:66 tailored properties 48:66 Biological fabrication of cellulose fibers with tailored properties. 28912238 6 34 theme functional 924:933 arg1 materials 945:953 functional composite materials 924:953 functional composite materials 924:953 Combining biological systems with the appropriate molecular design offers numerous possibilities to grow functional composite materials and implements a material-farming concept. 28912238 4 35 theme In 354:355 arg1 cultures 369:376 In vitro model cultures 354:376 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 354:414 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 3 36 theme cotton 300:305 arg1 fibers 307:312 cotton fibers 300:312 cotton fibers 300:312 We present an approach that allows biological incorporation of exogenous molecules into cotton fibers to tailor the material's functionality. 28912238 2 37 theme function 185:192 arg1 loss 194:197 function loss 185:197 function loss 185:197 Current approaches that rely on fiber coatings suffer from function loss during wear. 28912238 4 38 theme ovule 673:677 arg1 epidermis 679:687 the ovule epidermis 669:687 the ovule epidermis 669:687 In vitro model cultures of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are incubated with 6-carboxyfluorescein-glucose and dysprosium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-glucose, where the glucose moiety acts as a carrier capable of traveling from the vascular connection to the outermost cell layer of the ovule epidermis, becoming incorporated into the cellulose fibers. 28912238 2 39 theme Current 126:132 arg1 approaches 134:143 Current approaches 126:143 Current approaches that rely on fiber coatings 126:171 Current approaches that rely on fiber coatings suffer from function loss during wear. 26279011 7 0 theme filament 1325:1332 arg1 adsorption 1334:1343 filament adsorption 1325:1343 filament adsorption 1325:1343 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 6 1 theme universal 1014:1022 arg1 laws 1024:1027 universal laws 1014:1027 universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters 1014:1125 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 5 2 dep long 760:763 arg1 flexible 765:772 flexible 765:772 flexible 765:772 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 5 3 theme filament 915:922 arg1 tails 924:928 filament tails 915:928 filament tails 915:928 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 1 4 theme direct 149:154 arg1 relevance 156:164 direct relevance 149:164 direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions 149:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 5 5 theme stiff 852:856 arg1 filaments 872:880 stiff, finite-sized filaments 852:880 stiff, finite-sized filaments 852:880 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 7 6 theme accessible 1244:1253 arg1 space 1238:1242 the configurational space 1218:1242 the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament 1156:1278 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 6 7 with scaling 1042:1048 arg1 parameters 1116:1125 relevant microscopic parameters 1095:1125 relevant microscopic parameters 1095:1125 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 6 8 theme microscopic 1104:1114 arg1 parameters 1116:1125 relevant microscopic parameters 1095:1125 relevant microscopic parameters 1095:1125 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 7 9 theme biopolymeric 1387:1398 arg1 materials 1400:1408 composite biopolymeric materials 1377:1408 composite biopolymeric materials 1377:1408 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 10 theme configurational 1222:1236 arg1 space 1238:1242 the configurational space 1218:1242 the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament 1156:1278 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 4 11 theme trains 674:679 arg1 statistics 660:669 the statistics 656:669 extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations 648:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 5 12 theme loops 827:831 arg1 formation 814:822 the formation 810:822 the formation of loops 810:831 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 4 13 dep extract 648:654 arg1 statistics 660:669 the statistics 656:669 extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations 648:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 2 14 theme computer 292:299 arg1 simulations 301:311 computer simulations 292:311 computer simulations 292:311 We combine experiments with computer simulations to investigate depletion induced adsorption of semi-flexible polymers onto a hard-wall. 26279011 6 15 theme relevant 1095:1102 arg1 parameters 1116:1125 relevant microscopic parameters 1095:1125 relevant microscopic parameters 1095:1125 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 1 16 contain has 145:147 arg2 relevance 156:164 direct relevance 149:164 direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions 149:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 1 16 contain has 145:147 arg1 problem 107:113 a fundamental problem 93:113 a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions 93:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 1 16 contain has 145:147 arg1 adsorption 79:88 Polymer adsorption 71:88 Polymer adsorption 71:88 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 7 17 theme desorbed 1262:1269 arg1 filament 1271:1278 the desorbed filament 1258:1278 the desorbed filament 1258:1278 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 1 18 theme Polymer 71:77 arg1 problem 107:113 a fundamental problem 93:113 a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions 93:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 1 18 theme Polymer 71:77 arg1 adsorption 79:88 Polymer adsorption 71:88 Polymer adsorption 71:88 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 1 19 theme diverse 169:175 arg1 disciplines 177:187 diverse disciplines 169:187 diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions 169:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 7 20 theme adsorption 1334:1343 arg1 characteristics 1306:1320 the characteristics 1302:1320 the characteristics of filament adsorption 1302:1343 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 1 21 from problem 107:113 arg1 mechanics 130:138 statistical mechanics 118:138 statistical mechanics 118:138 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 3 22 theme dimensional 407:417 arg1 configurations 428:441 Three dimensional filament configurations 401:441 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 401:480 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 4 23 theme transition 633:642 arg1 location 595:602 the location 591:602 the location of the adsorption/desorption transition 591:642 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 4 23 theme transition 633:642 arg1 extract 648:654 extract 648:654 extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations 648:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 5 24 theme filaments 872:880 arg1 desorption 838:847 the desorption 834:847 the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments 834:880 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 3 25 theme fluorescence 528:539 arg1 microscopy 541:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 3 26 theme filament 419:426 arg1 configurations 428:441 Three dimensional filament configurations 401:441 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 401:480 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 6 27 theme adsorption-desorption 1057:1077 arg1 transition 1079:1088 the adsorption-desorption transition 1053:1088 the adsorption-desorption transition 1053:1088 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 5 28 dep stiff 852:856 arg1 finite-sized 859:870 finite-sized 859:870 finite-sized 859:870 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 6 29 theme experimental 972:983 arg1 data 985:988 our experimental data 968:988 our experimental data 968:988 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 1 30 theme fundamental 95:105 arg1 problem 107:113 a fundamental problem 93:113 a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions 93:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 1 30 theme fundamental 95:105 arg1 adsorption 79:88 Polymer adsorption 71:88 Polymer adsorption 71:88 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 1 31 theme biological 202:211 arg1 lubrication 213:223 biological lubrication 202:223 biological lubrication 202:223 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 3 32 theme F-actin 465:471 arg1 polymers 473:480 partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 446:480 partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 446:480 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 7 33 theme filament 1179:1186 arg1 strength 1169:1176 the adhesion strength 1156:1176 the adhesion strength 1156:1176 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 33 theme filament 1179:1186 arg1 stiffness 1188:1196 filament stiffness 1179:1196 filament stiffness 1179:1196 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 4 34 theme configurations 729:742 arg1 trains 674:679 trains 674:679 trains 674:679 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 4 34 theme configurations 729:742 arg1 loops 692:696 loops 692:696 loops 692:696 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 4 34 theme configurations 729:742 arg1 tails 682:686 tails 682:686 tails 682:686 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 3 35 theme internal 508:515 arg1 microscopy 541:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 3 36 theme polymers 473:480 arg1 configurations 428:441 Three dimensional filament configurations 401:441 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 401:480 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 7 37 used used 1287:1290 arg2 length 1199:1204 length 1199:1204 length 1199:1204 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 37 used used 1287:1290 arg2 stiffness 1188:1196 filament stiffness 1179:1196 filament stiffness 1179:1196 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 37 used used 1287:1290 arg2 space 1238:1242 the configurational space 1218:1242 the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament 1156:1278 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 37 used used 1287:1290 arg2 strength 1169:1176 the adhesion strength 1156:1176 the adhesion strength 1156:1176 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 4 38 used used 573:576 arg2 information 558:568 This information 553:568 This information 553:568 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 3 39 theme reflection 517:526 arg1 microscopy 541:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 0 40 theme adsorbed 37:44 arg1 filaments 60:68 partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments 27:68 partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments 27:68 Trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments. 26279011 5 41 theme long 760:763 arg1 filaments 774:782 long flexible filaments 760:782 long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops 760:831 In contrast to long flexible filaments which primarily desorb by the formation of loops, the desorption of stiff, finite-sized filaments is largely driven by fluctuating filament tails. 26279011 6 42 theme transition 1079:1088 arg1 scaling 1042:1048 scaling 1042:1048 scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters 1042:1125 Simulations quantitatively reproduce our experimental data and allow us to extract universal laws that explain scaling of the adsorption-desorption transition with relevant microscopic parameters. 26279011 3 43 theme adsorbed 456:463 arg1 polymers 473:480 partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 446:480 partially adsorbed F-actin polymers 446:480 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 4 44 theme adsorption/desorption 611:631 arg1 transition 633:642 the adsorption/desorption transition 607:642 the adsorption/desorption transition 607:642 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 2 45 theme polymers 374:381 arg1 adsorption 346:355 adsorption 346:355 adsorption of semi-flexible polymers onto a hard-wall 346:398 We combine experiments with computer simulations to investigate depletion induced adsorption of semi-flexible polymers onto a hard-wall. 26279011 1 46 theme statistical 118:128 arg1 mechanics 130:138 statistical mechanics 118:138 statistical mechanics 118:138 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 7 47 theme adhesion 1160:1167 arg1 strength 1169:1176 the adhesion strength 1156:1176 the adhesion strength 1156:1176 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 47 theme adhesion 1160:1167 arg1 stiffness 1188:1196 filament stiffness 1179:1196 filament stiffness 1179:1196 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 47 theme adhesion 1160:1167 arg1 length 1199:1204 length 1199:1204 length 1199:1204 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 7 48 theme materials 1400:1408 arg1 properties 1363:1372 properties 1363:1372 properties of composite biopolymeric materials 1363:1408 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 2 49 theme semi-flexible 360:372 arg1 polymers 374:381 semi-flexible polymers 360:381 semi-flexible polymers 360:381 We combine experiments with computer simulations to investigate depletion induced adsorption of semi-flexible polymers onto a hard-wall. 26279011 0 50 theme filaments 60:68 arg1 tails 8:12 tails 8:12 tails 8:12 Trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments. 26279011 0 50 theme filaments 60:68 arg1 Trains 0:5 Trains 0:5 Trains 0:5 Trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments. 26279011 0 50 theme filaments 60:68 arg1 loops 18:22 loops 18:22 loops 18:22 Trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments. 26279011 4 51 theme filament 720:727 arg1 configurations 729:742 partially adsorbed filament configurations 701:742 partially adsorbed filament configurations 701:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 4 52 theme adsorbed 711:718 arg1 configurations 729:742 partially adsorbed filament configurations 701:742 partially adsorbed filament configurations 701:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 3 53 theme total 502:506 arg1 microscopy 541:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 502:550 Three dimensional filament configurations of partially adsorbed F-actin polymers are visualized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. 26279011 1 54 theme colloidal 241:249 arg1 suspensions 251:261 colloidal suspensions 241:261 colloidal suspensions 241:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 26279011 0 55 theme semi-flexible 46:58 arg1 filaments 60:68 partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments 27:68 partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments 27:68 Trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed semi-flexible filaments. 26279011 4 56 theme loops 692:696 arg1 statistics 660:669 the statistics 656:669 extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations 648:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 4 57 theme tails 682:686 arg1 statistics 660:669 the statistics 656:669 extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations 648:742 This information is used to determine the location of the adsorption/desorption transition and extract the statistics of trains, tails and loops of partially adsorbed filament configurations. 26279011 7 58 theme composite 1377:1385 arg1 materials 1400:1408 composite biopolymeric materials 1377:1408 composite biopolymeric materials 1377:1408 Our results demonstrate how the adhesion strength, filament stiffness, length, as well as the configurational space accessible to the desorbed filament can be used to design the characteristics of filament adsorption and thus engineer properties of composite biopolymeric materials. 26279011 1 59 theme suspensions 251:261 arg1 stability 228:236 stability 228:236 stability of colloidal suspensions 228:261 Polymer adsorption is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics that has direct relevance to diverse disciplines ranging from biological lubrication to stability of colloidal suspensions. 28261854 1 0 theme mucin 271:275 arg1 unfolding 277:285 normal mucin unfolding 264:285 normal mucin unfolding 264:285 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 4 1 from effects 693:699 arg1 attachment 724:733 attachment 724:733 attachment 724:733 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 1 from effects 693:699 arg1 thickness 710:718 mucus thickness 704:718 mucus thickness 704:718 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 2 2 theme bicarbonate 294:304 arg1 secretion 306:314 bicarbonate secretion 294:314 bicarbonate secretion 294:314 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 3 3 theme MUC2 614:617 arg1 mucin 619:623 the MUC2 mucin 610:623 the MUC2 mucin 610:623 Indeed, OligoG could compete with the N-terminus of the MUC2 mucin for calcium binding as shown by microscale thermophoresis. 28261854 5 4 contain had 1127:1129 arg1 polymers 1118:1125 mannuronate-rich (M) polymers 1097:1125 mannuronate-rich (M) polymers 1097:1125 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 4 contain had 1127:1129 arg1 M 1115:1115 M 1115:1115 M 1115:1115 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 4 contain had 1127:1129 arg2 effect 1139:1144 minimal effect 1131:1144 minimal effect 1131:1144 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 4 5 theme different 785:793 arg1 length 795:800 different length 785:800 different length 785:800 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 5 6 theme mannuronate-rich 1097:1112 arg1 polymers 1118:1125 mannuronate-rich (M) polymers 1097:1125 mannuronate-rich (M) polymers 1097:1125 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 6 theme mannuronate-rich 1097:1112 arg1 M 1115:1115 M 1115:1115 M 1115:1115 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 4 7 theme ileum 857:861 arg1 explants 836:843 explants 836:843 explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers 836:904 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 8 from fractions 772:780 arg1 attachment 724:733 attachment 724:733 attachment 724:733 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 8 from fractions 772:780 arg1 thickness 710:718 mucus thickness 704:718 mucus thickness 704:718 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 9 theme length 795:800 arg1 effects 693:699 effects 693:699 effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG 693:751 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 9 theme length 795:800 arg1 fractions 772:780 other alginate fractions 757:780 other alginate fractions of different length and composition 757:816 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 10 theme mouse 851:855 arg1 ileum 857:861 CF mouse ileum 848:861 CF mouse ileum 848:861 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 3 11 theme calcium 629:635 arg1 binding 637:643 calcium binding 629:643 calcium binding 629:643 Indeed, OligoG could compete with the N-terminus of the MUC2 mucin for calcium binding as shown by microscale thermophoresis. 28261854 2 12 theme OligoG 513:518 arg1 property 501:508 the calcium chelating property 479:508 the calcium chelating property of OligoG 479:518 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 6 13 theme appropriate 1188:1198 arg1 affinity 1200:1207 appropriate affinity 1188:1207 appropriate affinity 1188:1207 In conclusion, OligoG binds calcium with appropriate affinity without any overt harmful effect on the tissue and can be exploited for treating mucus stagnation. 28261854 2 14 theme mucus 551:555 arg1 detachment 534:543 detachment 534:543 detachment of CF mucus 534:555 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 5 15 from % 920:920 arg1 OligoG 907:912 OligoG 907:912 OligoG at 1.5% 907:920 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 1 16 theme rich 137:140 arg1 OligoG 167:172 OligoG 167:172 OligoG 167:172 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 1 16 theme rich 137:140 arg1 CF-5/20 158:164 the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 118:164 the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) 118:173 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 3 17 theme mucin 619:623 arg1 N-terminus 596:605 the N-terminus 592:605 the N-terminus of the MUC2 mucin 592:623 Indeed, OligoG could compete with the N-terminus of the MUC2 mucin for calcium binding as shown by microscale thermophoresis. 28261854 2 18 theme CF 548:549 arg1 mucus 551:555 CF mucus 548:555 CF mucus 548:555 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 1 19 theme alginate 142:149 arg1 OligoG 167:172 OligoG 167:172 OligoG 167:172 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 1 19 theme alginate 142:149 arg1 CF-5/20 158:164 the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 118:164 the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) 118:173 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 2 20 theme attached 387:394 arg1 mucus 396:400 thereby attached mucus 379:400 thereby attached mucus 379:400 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 5 21 theme poly-G 1012:1017 arg1 fraction 1019:1026 the poly-G fraction 1008:1026 the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues 1008:1047 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 21 theme poly-G 1012:1017 arg1 fraction 991:998 the most potent alginate fraction 966:998 the most potent alginate fraction tested 966:1005 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 4 22 theme alginate 763:770 arg1 fractions 772:780 other alginate fractions 757:780 other alginate fractions of different length and composition 757:816 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 1 23 theme OligoG 151:156 arg1 OligoG 167:172 OligoG 167:172 OligoG 167:172 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 1 23 theme OligoG 151:156 arg1 CF-5/20 158:164 the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 118:164 the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) 118:173 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 6 24 theme overt 1221:1225 arg1 effect 1235:1240 any overt harmful effect 1217:1240 any overt harmful effect on the tissue 1217:1254 In conclusion, OligoG binds calcium with appropriate affinity without any overt harmful effect on the tissue and can be exploited for treating mucus stagnation. 28261854 1 25 theme calcium 218:224 arg1 chelation 226:234 calcium chelation 218:234 calcium chelation 218:234 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 4 26 theme other 757:761 arg1 fractions 772:780 other alginate fractions 757:780 other alginate fractions of different length and composition 757:816 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 0 27 theme cystic 26:31 arg1 fibrosis 33:40 cystic fibrosis 26:40 cystic fibrosis mucus by chelating calcium 26:67 OligoG CF-5/20 normalizes cystic fibrosis mucus by chelating calcium. 28261854 3 28 theme microscale 657:666 arg1 thermophoresis 668:681 microscale thermophoresis 657:681 microscale thermophoresis 657:681 Indeed, OligoG could compete with the N-terminus of the MUC2 mucin for calcium binding as shown by microscale thermophoresis. 28261854 1 29 theme study 87:91 arg1 goal 74:77 The goal 70:77 The goal of this study 70:91 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 2 30 theme mucin 359:363 arg1 unfolding 365:373 insufficient mucin unfolding 346:373 insufficient mucin unfolding 346:373 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 6 31 from effect 1235:1240 arg1 tissue 1249:1254 the tissue 1245:1254 the tissue 1245:1254 In conclusion, OligoG binds calcium with appropriate affinity without any overt harmful effect on the tissue and can be exploited for treating mucus stagnation. 28261854 6 32 theme harmful 1227:1233 arg1 effect 1235:1240 any overt harmful effect 1217:1240 any overt harmful effect on the tissue 1217:1254 In conclusion, OligoG binds calcium with appropriate affinity without any overt harmful effect on the tissue and can be exploited for treating mucus stagnation. 28261854 2 33 theme insufficient 346:357 arg1 unfolding 365:373 insufficient mucin unfolding 346:373 insufficient mucin unfolding 346:373 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 0 34 theme mucus 42:46 arg1 fibrosis 33:40 cystic fibrosis 26:40 cystic fibrosis mucus by chelating calcium 26:67 OligoG CF-5/20 normalizes cystic fibrosis mucus by chelating calcium. 28261854 4 35 theme CF 848:849 arg1 ileum 857:861 CF mouse ileum 848:861 CF mouse ileum 848:861 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 5 36 theme potent 975:980 arg1 fraction 1019:1026 the poly-G fraction 1008:1026 the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues 1008:1047 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 36 theme potent 975:980 arg1 fraction 991:998 the most potent alginate fraction 966:998 the most potent alginate fraction tested 966:1005 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 37 theme residues 1040:1047 arg1 fraction 1019:1026 the poly-G fraction 1008:1026 the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues 1008:1047 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 37 theme residues 1040:1047 arg1 fraction 991:998 the most potent alginate fraction 966:998 the most potent alginate fraction tested 966:1005 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 38 theme alginate 982:989 arg1 fraction 1019:1026 the poly-G fraction 1008:1026 the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues 1008:1047 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 38 theme alginate 982:989 arg1 fraction 991:998 the most potent alginate fraction 966:998 the most potent alginate fraction tested 966:1005 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 39 theme effective 929:937 arg1 detachment 939:948 effective detachment 929:948 effective detachment of CF mucus 929:960 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 0 40 theme chelating 51:59 arg1 calcium 61:67 chelating calcium 51:67 chelating calcium 51:67 OligoG CF-5/20 normalizes cystic fibrosis mucus by chelating calcium. 28261854 4 41 theme composition 806:816 arg1 effects 693:699 effects 693:699 effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG 693:751 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 4 41 theme composition 806:816 arg1 fractions 772:780 other alginate fractions 757:780 other alginate fractions of different length and composition 757:816 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 2 42 contain has 425:427 arg1 bicarbonate 413:423 bicarbonate 413:423 bicarbonate 413:423 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 2 42 contain has 425:427 arg2 ability 433:439 the ability to bind calcium 429:455 the ability to bind calcium 429:455 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 6 43 theme mucus 1290:1294 arg1 stagnation 1296:1305 mucus stagnation 1290:1305 mucus stagnation 1290:1305 In conclusion, OligoG binds calcium with appropriate affinity without any overt harmful effect on the tissue and can be exploited for treating mucus stagnation. 28261854 5 44 contain had 1050:1052 arg2 potency 1062:1068 similar potency 1054:1068 similar potency 1054:1068 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 44 contain had 1050:1052 arg1 fraction 1019:1026 the poly-G fraction 1008:1026 the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues 1008:1047 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 44 contain had 1050:1052 arg1 fraction 991:998 the most potent alginate fraction 966:998 the most potent alginate fraction tested 966:1005 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 45 theme CF 953:954 arg1 mucus 956:960 CF mucus 953:960 CF mucus 953:960 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 5 46 theme similar 1054:1060 arg1 potency 1062:1068 similar potency 1054:1068 similar potency 1054:1068 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 2 47 theme chelating 491:499 arg1 property 501:508 the calcium chelating property 479:508 the calcium chelating property of OligoG 479:518 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 5 48 theme mucus 956:960 arg1 detachment 939:948 effective detachment 929:948 effective detachment of CF mucus 929:960 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 28261854 2 49 theme calcium 483:489 arg1 property 501:508 the calcium chelating property 479:508 the calcium chelating property of OligoG 479:518 Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. 28261854 1 50 theme cystic 188:193 arg1 fibrosis 195:202 cystic fibrosis 188:202 cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus 188:213 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 1 50 theme cystic 188:193 arg1 CF 205:206 CF 205:206 CF 205:206 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 4 51 theme Ussing-type 885:895 arg1 chambers 897:904 horizontal Ussing-type chambers 874:904 horizontal Ussing-type chambers 874:904 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 1 52 theme fibrosis 195:202 arg1 mucus 209:213 cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus 188:213 cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus 188:213 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 4 53 theme horizontal 874:883 arg1 chambers 897:904 horizontal Ussing-type chambers 874:904 horizontal Ussing-type chambers 874:904 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 1 54 theme normal 264:269 arg1 unfolding 277:285 normal mucin unfolding 264:285 normal mucin unfolding 264:285 The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. 28261854 4 55 theme mucus 704:708 arg1 thickness 710:718 mucus thickness 704:718 mucus thickness 704:718 Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. 28261854 5 56 theme minimal 1131:1137 arg1 effect 1139:1144 minimal effect 1131:1144 minimal effect 1131:1144 OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. 25140501 6 0 theme bovine 718:723 arg1 fetuin 731:736 bovine serum fetuin 718:736 bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 718:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 1 1 theme Concanavalin 218:229 arg1 A 231:231 Concanavalin A 218:231 Concanavalin A covalent immobilization 218:255 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 0 2 theme lectin 62:67 arg1 immobilization 69:82 Concanavalin A lectin immobilization 47:82 Concanavalin A lectin immobilization 47:82 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 3 3 from supernatant 397:407 arg1 provenient 377:386 the gum provenient 369:386 the gum provenient from the supernatant 369:407 Parkia pendula seeds were hydrated and the gum provenient from the supernatant was precipitated and washed with ethanol and dried. 25140501 9 4 theme lectins 1047:1053 arg1 immobilization 1055:1068 lectins immobilization 1047:1068 lectins immobilization 1047:1068 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 1 5 theme A 231:231 arg1 immobilization 242:255 Concanavalin A covalent immobilization 218:255 Concanavalin A covalent immobilization 218:255 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 4 6 from co-precipitation 487:502 arg1 magnetized 473:482 magnetized 473:482 magnetized 473:482 The gum was magnetized in co-precipitation using solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3. 25140501 4 6 from co-precipitation 487:502 arg1 gum 465:467 The gum 461:467 The gum 461:467 The gum was magnetized in co-precipitation using solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3. 25140501 1 7 theme covalent 233:240 arg1 immobilization 242:255 Concanavalin A covalent immobilization 218:255 Concanavalin A covalent immobilization 218:255 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 9 8 theme matrix 1036:1041 arg1 composite 978:986 the composite 974:986 the composite produced 974:995 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 9 8 theme matrix 1036:1041 arg1 polysaccharide 1021:1034 a promising magnetic polysaccharide 1000:1034 a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization 1000:1068 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 3 9 theme pendula 337:343 arg1 seeds 345:349 Parkia pendula seeds 330:349 Parkia pendula seeds 330:349 Parkia pendula seeds were hydrated and the gum provenient from the supernatant was precipitated and washed with ethanol and dried. 25140501 4 10 from magnetized 473:482 arg1 co-precipitation 487:502 co-precipitation 487:502 co-precipitation using solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3 487:535 The gum was magnetized in co-precipitation using solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3. 25140501 10 11 theme magnetic 1159:1166 arg1 field 1168:1172 magnetic field 1159:1172 magnetic field 1159:1172 Thus, such system can be applied for affinity purification allowing an easy recovery by magnetic field. 25140501 6 12 with gum 617:619 arg1 A 662:662 covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 626:662 covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 626:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 13 theme pendula 603:609 arg1 gum 617:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum 585:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 585:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 13 theme pendula 603:609 arg1 matrix 688:693 an affinity matrix 676:693 an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 676:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 8 14 theme immobilization 875:888 arg1 efficiency 854:863 The efficiency 850:863 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification 850:912 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification were 63% and 14%, respectively. 25140501 8 14 theme immobilization 875:888 arg1 % 921:921 63% 919:921 63% 919:921 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification were 63% and 14%, respectively. 25140501 1 15 theme Parkia 166:171 arg1 gum 187:189 Parkia pendula seeds gum 166:189 Parkia pendula seeds gum 166:189 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 0 16 theme Parkia 9:14 arg1 pendula 16:22 Magnetic Parkia pendula 0:22 Magnetic Parkia pendula 0:22 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 8 17 theme lectin 868:873 arg1 immobilization 875:888 lectin immobilization 868:888 lectin immobilization 868:888 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification were 63% and 14%, respectively. 25140501 1 18 theme pendula 173:179 arg1 gum 187:189 Parkia pendula seeds gum 166:189 Parkia pendula seeds gum 166:189 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 0 19 theme Magnetic 0:7 arg1 pendula 16:22 Magnetic Parkia pendula 0:22 Magnetic Parkia pendula 0:22 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 7 20 theme glucose 802:808 arg1 solution 790:797 a solution 788:797 a solution of glucose (300mM) 788:816 Fetuin elution was carried out with a solution of glucose (300mM) and evaluated through SDS-PAGE. 25140501 2 21 theme affinity 288:295 arg1 purification 297:308 affinity purification 288:308 affinity purification of glycoconjugates 288:327 This composite was applied in affinity purification of glycoconjugates. 25140501 8 22 theme fetuin 894:899 arg1 purification 901:912 fetuin purification 894:912 fetuin purification 894:912 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification were 63% and 14%, respectively. 25140501 1 23 theme seeds 181:185 arg1 gum 187:189 Parkia pendula seeds gum 166:189 Parkia pendula seeds gum 166:189 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 6 24 theme Parkia 596:601 arg1 gum 617:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum 585:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 585:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 24 theme Parkia 596:601 arg1 matrix 688:693 an affinity matrix 676:693 an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 676:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 25 theme affinity 679:686 arg1 gum 617:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum 585:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 585:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 25 theme affinity 679:686 arg1 matrix 688:693 an affinity matrix 676:693 an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 676:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 26 theme Magnetized 585:594 arg1 gum 617:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum 585:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 585:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 26 theme Magnetized 585:594 arg1 matrix 688:693 an affinity matrix 676:693 an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 676:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 10 27 theme affinity 1108:1115 arg1 purification 1117:1128 affinity purification 1108:1128 affinity purification allowing an easy recovery by magnetic field 1108:1172 Thus, such system can be applied for affinity purification allowing an easy recovery by magnetic field. 25140501 0 28 theme affinity 107:114 arg1 purification 116:127 affinity purification 107:127 affinity purification 107:127 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 0 29 from immobilization 69:82 arg1 purification 116:127 affinity purification 107:127 affinity purification 107:127 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 8 30 theme purification 901:912 arg1 efficiency 854:863 The efficiency 850:863 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification 850:912 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification were 63% and 14%, respectively. 25140501 8 30 theme purification 901:912 arg1 % 921:921 63% 919:921 63% 919:921 The efficiency of lectin immobilization and fetuin purification were 63% and 14%, respectively. 25140501 4 31 theme Fe+2 523:526 arg1 solutions 510:518 solutions 510:518 solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3 510:535 The gum was magnetized in co-precipitation using solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3. 25140501 10 32 theme easy 1142:1145 arg1 recovery 1147:1154 an easy recovery 1139:1154 an easy recovery by magnetic field 1139:1172 Thus, such system can be applied for affinity purification allowing an easy recovery by magnetic field. 25140501 3 33 theme Parkia 330:335 arg1 seeds 345:349 Parkia pendula seeds 330:349 Parkia pendula seeds 330:349 Parkia pendula seeds were hydrated and the gum provenient from the supernatant was precipitated and washed with ethanol and dried. 25140501 5 34 theme Matrix 538:543 arg1 activation 545:554 Matrix activation 538:554 Matrix activation 538:554 Matrix activation was accomplished with NaIO4. 25140501 6 35 theme seeds 611:615 arg1 gum 617:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum 585:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 585:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 35 theme seeds 611:615 arg1 matrix 688:693 an affinity matrix 676:693 an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 676:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 4 36 theme Fe+3 532:535 arg1 solutions 510:518 solutions 510:518 solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3 510:535 The gum was magnetized in co-precipitation using solutions of Fe+2 and Fe+3. 25140501 0 37 from application 92:102 arg1 purification 116:127 affinity purification 107:127 affinity purification 107:127 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 2 38 theme glycoconjugates 313:327 arg1 purification 297:308 affinity purification 288:308 affinity purification of glycoconjugates 288:327 This composite was applied in affinity purification of glycoconjugates. 25140501 9 39 theme promising 1002:1010 arg1 composite 978:986 the composite 974:986 the composite produced 974:995 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 9 39 theme promising 1002:1010 arg1 polysaccharide 1021:1034 a promising magnetic polysaccharide 1000:1034 a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization 1000:1068 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 6 40 theme glycoprotein 738:749 arg1 recognition 703:713 the recognition 699:713 the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 699:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 9 41 theme magnetic 1012:1019 arg1 composite 978:986 the composite 974:986 the composite produced 974:995 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 9 41 theme magnetic 1012:1019 arg1 polysaccharide 1021:1034 a promising magnetic polysaccharide 1000:1034 a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization 1000:1068 These results indicate that the composite produced is a promising magnetic polysaccharide matrix for lectins immobilization. 25140501 6 42 gly glycoprotein 738:749 arg1 glycoprotein 738:749 bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 718:749 bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 718:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 0 43 theme A 60:60 arg1 immobilization 69:82 Concanavalin A lectin immobilization 47:82 Concanavalin A lectin immobilization 47:82 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 6 44 theme fetuin 731:736 arg1 glycoprotein 738:749 bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 718:749 bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 718:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 1 45 theme present 134:140 arg1 work 142:145 The present work 130:145 The present work 130:145 The present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. 25140501 6 46 theme Concanavalin 649:660 arg1 A 662:662 covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 626:662 covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 626:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 0 47 theme Concanavalin 47:58 arg1 A 60:60 Concanavalin A 47:60 Concanavalin A lectin immobilization 47:82 Magnetic Parkia pendula seed gum as matrix for Concanavalin A lectin immobilization and its application in affinity purification. 25140501 10 48 theme such 1077:1080 arg1 system 1082:1087 such system 1077:1087 such system 1077:1087 Thus, such system can be applied for affinity purification allowing an easy recovery by magnetic field. 25140501 6 49 used used 668:671 arg2 gum 617:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum 585:619 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 585:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 49 used used 668:671 arg2 matrix 688:693 an affinity matrix 676:693 an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 676:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 6 50 theme serum 725:729 arg1 fetuin 731:736 bovine serum fetuin 718:736 bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein 718:749 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 3 51 theme gum 373:375 arg1 provenient 377:386 the gum provenient 369:386 the gum provenient from the supernatant 369:407 Parkia pendula seeds were hydrated and the gum provenient from the supernatant was precipitated and washed with ethanol and dried. 25140501 6 52 theme immobilized 637:647 arg1 A 662:662 covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 626:662 covalently immobilized Concanavalin A 626:662 Magnetized Parkia pendula seeds gum with covalently immobilized Concanavalin A was used as an affinity matrix for the recognition of bovine serum fetuin glycoprotein. 25140501 7 53 theme Fetuin 752:757 arg1 elution 759:765 Fetuin elution 752:765 Fetuin elution 752:765 Fetuin elution was carried out with a solution of glucose (300mM) and evaluated through SDS-PAGE. 25942800 0 0 theme oxide 95:99 arg1 hydrogels 111:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 6 1 from inclusion 918:926 arg1 network 945:951 the gel network 937:951 the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO 937:1106 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 6 2 dep encapsulated 1092:1103 arg1 GO 1105:1106 GO 1105:1106 GO 1105:1106 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 0 3 theme acid/graphene 81:93 arg1 hydrogels 111:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 6 4 dep % 977:977 arg1 90 975:976 90 975:976 90 975:976 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 6 5 from enhancement 979:989 arg1 loading 998:1004 the loading 994:1004 the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) 994:1057 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 7 6 theme mussel-inspired 1171:1185 arg1 chemistry 1200:1208 a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry 1169:1208 a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels 1169:1241 The hydrogels were prepared from hyaluronic acid (HA), with a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels. 25942800 6 7 theme new 872:874 arg1 role 876:879 a new role 870:879 a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels 870:906 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 5 8 theme many 749:752 arg1 groups 763:768 many research groups 749:768 many research groups 749:768 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 6 9 dep enhancement 979:989 arg1 % 977:977 % 977:977 % 977:977 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 6 10 dep small 1009:1013 arg1 hydrophobic 1016:1026 hydrophobic 1016:1026 hydrophobic 1016:1026 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 0 11 theme composite 101:109 arg1 hydrogels 111:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 10 12 theme loading 1565:1571 arg1 efficiency 1573:1582 the loading efficiency 1561:1582 the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs 1561:1606 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 5 13 theme biomedical 800:809 arg1 applications 811:822 the biomedical applications 796:822 the biomedical applications of graphene and GO 796:841 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 6 14 theme hybrid 891:896 arg1 hydrogels 898:906 hybrid hydrogels 891:906 hybrid hydrogels 891:906 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 4 15 theme physical 652:659 arg1 properties 686:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 10 16 theme drugs 1602:1606 arg1 efficiency 1573:1582 the loading efficiency 1561:1582 the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs 1561:1606 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 4 17 theme thermal 678:684 arg1 properties 686:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 7 18 theme hyaluronic 1142:1151 arg1 acid 1153:1156 hyaluronic acid 1142:1156 hyaluronic acid (HA) 1142:1161 The hydrogels were prepared from hyaluronic acid (HA), with a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels. 25942800 7 18 theme hyaluronic 1142:1151 arg1 HA 1159:1160 HA 1159:1160 HA 1159:1160 The hydrogels were prepared from hyaluronic acid (HA), with a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels. 25942800 10 19 theme small-molecule 1587:1600 arg1 drugs 1602:1606 small-molecule drugs 1587:1606 small-molecule drugs 1587:1606 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 6 20 theme GO 931:932 arg1 inclusion 918:926 the inclusion 914:926 the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO 914:1106 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 0 21 theme loading 9:15 arg1 efficiency 17:26 loading efficiency 9:26 loading efficiency 9:26 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 4 22 dep oxide 586:590 arg1 GO 593:594 GO 593:594 GO 593:594 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 2 23 used used 285:288 arg2 hydrogels 252:260 hydrogels 252:260 hydrogels 252:260 For example, hydrogels have been successfully used to encapsulate a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as peptides and proteins. 25942800 3 24 theme new 441:443 arg1 systems 454:460 new hydrogel systems 441:460 new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications 441:546 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 3 25 theme hydrogel 445:452 arg1 systems 454:460 new hydrogel systems 441:460 new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications 441:546 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 3 26 theme material/hydrogel 383:399 arg1 systems 408:414 carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems 376:414 carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems 376:414 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 10 27 theme graphene 1438:1445 arg1 hydrogels 1474:1482 these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels 1432:1482 these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels 1432:1482 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 9 28 theme long-lasting 1369:1380 arg1 activity 1393:1400 long-lasting anticancer activity 1369:1400 long-lasting anticancer activity 1369:1400 The HA/GO composite hydrogel not only enhanced the loading amount but also exhibited long-lasting anticancer activity over 10 days. 25942800 2 29 theme pharmaceuticals 318:332 arg1 pharmaceuticals 318:332 pharmaceuticals 318:332 pharmaceuticals 318:332 For example, hydrogels have been successfully used to encapsulate a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as peptides and proteins. 25942800 2 29 theme pharmaceuticals 318:332 arg1 variety 307:313 a variety 305:313 a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as peptides and proteins 305:363 For example, hydrogels have been successfully used to encapsulate a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as peptides and proteins. 25942800 2 29 theme pharmaceuticals 318:332 arg1 proteins 356:363 proteins 356:363 proteins 356:363 For example, hydrogels have been successfully used to encapsulate a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as peptides and proteins. 25942800 2 29 theme pharmaceuticals 318:332 arg1 peptides 343:350 peptides 343:350 peptides 343:350 For example, hydrogels have been successfully used to encapsulate a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as peptides and proteins. 25942800 3 30 theme hybrid 401:406 arg1 systems 408:414 carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems 376:414 carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems 376:414 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 0 31 theme mussel-inspired 126:140 arg1 catecholamine 142:154 a mussel-inspired catecholamine 124:154 a mussel-inspired catecholamine 124:154 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 1 32 theme drug 224:227 arg1 delivery 229:236 drug delivery 224:236 drug delivery 224:236 Hydrogels have been widely investigated as depots and carriers for drug delivery. 25942800 10 33 theme challenges 1505:1514 arg1 one 1494:1496 one 1494:1496 one 1494:1496 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 10 33 theme challenges 1505:1514 arg1 challenges 1505:1514 the challenges 1501:1514 the challenges in the application of hydrogels 1501:1546 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 6 34 theme gel 941:943 arg1 network 945:951 the gel network 937:951 the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO 937:1106 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 5 35 theme materials 738:746 arg1 applications 716:727 the various applications 704:727 the various applications of these materials 704:746 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 7 36 theme HA 1230:1231 arg1 hydrogels 1233:1241 the HA hydrogels 1226:1241 the HA hydrogels 1226:1241 The hydrogels were prepared from hyaluronic acid (HA), with a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels. 25942800 6 37 theme drugs 1028:1032 arg1 loading 998:1004 the loading 994:1004 the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) 994:1057 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 6 38 theme small 1009:1013 arg1 Dox 1054:1056 Dox 1054:1056 Dox 1054:1056 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 6 38 theme small 1009:1013 arg1 drugs 1028:1032 small, hydrophobic drugs 1009:1032 small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) 1009:1057 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 0 39 theme sustained 32:40 arg1 release 42:48 sustained release 32:48 sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 32:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 9 40 theme HA/GO 1288:1292 arg1 hydrogel 1304:1311 The HA/GO composite hydrogel 1284:1311 The HA/GO composite hydrogel 1284:1311 The HA/GO composite hydrogel not only enhanced the loading amount but also exhibited long-lasting anticancer activity over 10 days. 25942800 5 41 theme research 754:761 arg1 groups 763:768 many research groups 749:768 many research groups 749:768 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 6 42 dep doxorubicin 1041:1051 arg1 e.g. 1035:1038 e.g. 1035:1038 e.g. 1035:1038 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 4 43 theme electrical 662:671 arg1 properties 686:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 0 44 theme doxorubicin 53:63 arg1 efficiency 17:26 loading efficiency 9:26 loading efficiency 9:26 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 0 44 theme doxorubicin 53:63 arg1 release 42:48 sustained release 32:48 sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 32:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 9 45 theme composite 1294:1302 arg1 hydrogel 1304:1311 The HA/GO composite hydrogel 1284:1311 The HA/GO composite hydrogel 1284:1311 The HA/GO composite hydrogel not only enhanced the loading amount but also exhibited long-lasting anticancer activity over 10 days. 25942800 4 46 with biomaterials 627:638 arg1 properties 686:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 10 47 theme composite 1464:1472 arg1 hydrogels 1474:1482 these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels 1432:1482 these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels 1432:1482 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 4 48 theme graphene 577:584 arg1 biomaterials 627:638 novel biomaterials 621:638 novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 621:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 4 48 theme graphene 577:584 arg1 graphene 564:571 graphene 564:571 graphene 564:571 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 4 48 theme graphene 577:584 arg1 oxide 586:590 graphene oxide 577:590 graphene oxide (GO) 577:595 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 3 49 theme biomedical 524:533 arg1 applications 535:546 biomedical applications 524:546 biomedical applications 524:546 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 5 50 theme various 708:714 arg1 applications 716:727 the various applications 704:727 the various applications of these materials 704:746 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 10 51 from challenges 1505:1514 arg1 application 1523:1533 the application 1519:1533 the application of hydrogels 1519:1546 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 3 52 theme structural 495:504 arg1 reinforcement 506:518 structural reinforcement 495:518 structural reinforcement for biomedical applications 495:546 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 10 53 theme oxide-containing 1447:1462 arg1 hydrogels 1474:1482 these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels 1432:1482 these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels 1432:1482 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 0 54 from hydrogels 111:119 arg1 efficiency 17:26 loading efficiency 9:26 loading efficiency 9:26 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 0 54 from hydrogels 111:119 arg1 release 42:48 sustained release 32:48 sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 32:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 3 55 theme reinforcement 506:518 arg1 attractiveness 477:490 the attractiveness 473:490 the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications 473:546 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 25942800 4 56 theme novel 621:625 arg1 biomaterials 627:638 novel biomaterials 621:638 novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 621:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 4 56 theme novel 621:625 arg1 graphene 564:571 graphene 564:571 graphene 564:571 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 4 56 theme novel 621:625 arg1 oxide 586:590 graphene oxide 577:590 graphene oxide (GO) 577:595 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 0 57 theme hyaluronic 70:79 arg1 hydrogels 111:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels 70:119 Enhanced loading efficiency and sustained release of doxorubicin from hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide composite hydrogels by a mussel-inspired catecholamine. 25942800 10 58 theme hydrogels 1538:1546 arg1 application 1523:1533 the application 1519:1533 the application of hydrogels 1519:1546 We believe that these graphene oxide-containing composite hydrogels can solve one of the challenges in the application of hydrogels by improving the loading efficiency of small-molecule drugs. 25942800 7 59 theme crosslinking 1187:1198 arg1 chemistry 1200:1208 a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry 1169:1208 a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels 1169:1241 The hydrogels were prepared from hyaluronic acid (HA), with a mussel-inspired crosslinking chemistry used to prepare the HA hydrogels. 25942800 9 60 theme anticancer 1382:1391 arg1 activity 1393:1400 long-lasting anticancer activity 1369:1400 long-lasting anticancer activity 1369:1400 The HA/GO composite hydrogel not only enhanced the loading amount but also exhibited long-lasting anticancer activity over 10 days. 25942800 4 61 theme unique 645:650 arg1 properties 686:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties 645:695 In particular, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been recognized as novel biomaterials with unique physical, electrical, and thermal properties. 25942800 5 62 theme graphene 827:834 arg1 applications 811:822 the biomedical applications 796:822 the biomedical applications of graphene and GO 796:841 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 6 63 from role 876:879 arg1 hydrogels 898:906 hybrid hydrogels 891:906 hybrid hydrogels 891:906 In this study, we propose a new role for GO in hybrid hydrogels, with the inclusion of GO in the gel network resulting in a nearly 90% enhancement in the loading of small, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, Dox) compared to the hydrogel without encapsulated GO. 25942800 5 64 theme GO 840:841 arg1 applications 811:822 the biomedical applications 796:822 the biomedical applications of graphene and GO 796:841 Among the various applications of these materials, many research groups are intensively exploring the biomedical applications of graphene and GO. 25942800 9 65 theme loading 1335:1341 arg1 amount 1343:1348 the loading amount 1331:1348 the loading amount 1331:1348 The HA/GO composite hydrogel not only enhanced the loading amount but also exhibited long-lasting anticancer activity over 10 days. 25942800 3 66 theme carbon 376:381 arg1 systems 408:414 carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems 376:414 carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems 376:414 Recently, carbon material/hydrogel hybrid systems have been of interest as new hydrogel systems because of the attractiveness of structural reinforcement for biomedical applications. 24780567 0 0 theme composite 70:78 arg1 beads 80:84 their composite beads 64:84 their composite beads 64:84 Adsorption of arsenic by activated carbon, calcium alginate and their composite beads. 24780567 3 1 theme total 634:638 arg1 volume 645:650 total pore volume 634:650 total pore volume 634:650 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 1 2 theme different 145:153 arg1 materials 165:173 three different adsorbent materials 139:173 three different adsorbent materials namely 139:180 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 3 3 theme surface 617:623 arg1 area 625:628 surface area 617:628 surface area 617:628 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 2 4 theme charge 550:555 arg1 -196°C 525:530 -196°C 525:530 -196°C 525:530 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 2 4 theme charge 550:555 arg1 point 536:540 point 536:540 point 536:540 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 1 5 theme adsorbent 155:163 arg1 materials 165:173 three different adsorbent materials 139:173 three different adsorbent materials namely 139:180 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 4 6 theme pH 799:800 arg1 influence 786:794 The influence 782:794 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) 782:859 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 1 7 theme calcium 245:251 arg1 G 269:269 G 269:269 G 269:269 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 7 theme calcium 245:251 arg1 beads 262:266 calcium alginate beads 245:266 calcium alginate beads (G) 245:270 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 4 8 theme arsenic 850:856 arg1 V 858:858 V 858:858 V 858:858 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 4 8 theme arsenic 850:856 arg1 temperature 809:819 temperature 809:819 temperature 809:819 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 4 8 theme arsenic 850:856 arg1 concentration 833:845 initial concentration 825:845 initial concentration of arsenic(V) 825:859 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 4 8 theme arsenic 850:856 arg1 time 803:806 time 803:806 time 803:806 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 4 8 theme arsenic 850:856 arg1 pH 799:800 pH 799:800 pH 799:800 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 5 9 dep adsorption 919:928 arg1 66.7mg/g 931:938 66.7mg/g 931:938 66.7mg/g 931:938 GC exhibits the maximum As(V) adsorption (66.7mg/g at 30°C). 24780567 5 9 dep adsorption 919:928 arg1 V 916:916 V 916:916 V 916:916 GC exhibits the maximum As(V) adsorption (66.7mg/g at 30°C). 24780567 1 10 theme alginate 253:260 arg1 G 269:269 G 269:269 G 269:269 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 10 theme alginate 253:260 arg1 beads 262:266 calcium alginate beads 245:266 calcium alginate beads (G) 245:270 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 2 11 theme prepared 373:380 arg1 materials 392:400 The prepared adsorbent materials 369:400 The prepared adsorbent materials 369:400 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 1 12 theme materials 165:173 arg1 preparation 124:134 preparation 124:134 preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely 124:180 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 3 13 theme function 740:747 arg1 group 749:753 more acidic function group 728:753 more acidic function group than the other adsorbents 728:779 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 14 theme pore 640:643 arg1 volume 645:650 total pore volume 634:650 total pore volume 634:650 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 5 15 from 30°C 943:946 arg1 66.7mg/g 931:938 66.7mg/g 931:938 66.7mg/g 931:938 GC exhibits the maximum As(V) adsorption (66.7mg/g at 30°C). 24780567 6 16 theme physisorption 1121:1133 arg1 process 1135:1141 a physisorption process 1119:1141 a physisorption process 1119:1141 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 3 17 theme C>GC>G 678:683 arg1 volume 645:650 total pore volume 634:650 total pore volume 634:650 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 17 theme C>GC>G 678:683 arg1 porosity 607:614 the porosity 603:614 the porosity 603:614 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 17 theme C>GC>G 678:683 arg1 area 625:628 surface area 617:628 surface area 617:628 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 6 18 theme order 1018:1022 arg1 mechanism 1024:1032 pseudo-second order mechanism 1004:1032 pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process 1004:1141 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 1 19 theme potassium 183:191 arg1 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 19 theme potassium 183:191 arg1 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 20 used used 336:339 arg2 beads 262:266 calcium alginate beads 245:266 calcium alginate beads (G) 245:270 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 20 used used 336:339 arg2 beads 320:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads 276:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) 276:329 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 20 used used 336:339 arg2 G 269:269 G 269:269 G 269:269 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 20 used used 336:339 arg2 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 20 used used 336:339 arg2 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 20 used used 336:339 arg2 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 4 21 theme initial 825:831 arg1 V 858:858 V 858:858 V 858:858 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 4 21 theme initial 825:831 arg1 concentration 833:845 initial concentration 825:845 initial concentration of arsenic(V) 825:859 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 6 22 theme pseudo-second 1004:1016 arg1 mechanism 1024:1032 pseudo-second order mechanism 1004:1032 pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process 1004:1141 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 3 23 theme acidic 733:738 arg1 group 749:753 more acidic function group 728:753 more acidic function group than the other adsorbents 728:779 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 1 24 theme hydroxide 193:201 arg1 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 24 theme hydroxide 193:201 arg1 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 0 25 theme arsenic 14:20 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of arsenic by activated carbon, calcium alginate and their composite beads. 0:85 Adsorption of arsenic by activated carbon, calcium alginate and their composite beads. 24780567 3 26 theme adsorbent 659:667 arg1 C>GC>G 678:683 the adsorbent material C>GC>G 655:683 the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively 655:696 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 2 27 dep transform 468:476 arg1 infrared 478:485 infrared 478:485 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge 468:555 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 1 28 theme present 91:97 arg1 investigation 99:111 The present investigation 87:111 The present investigation 87:111 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 29 theme activated 203:211 arg1 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 29 theme activated 203:211 arg1 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 3 30 theme material 669:676 arg1 C>GC>G 678:683 the adsorbent material C>GC>G 655:683 the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively 655:696 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 6 31 theme thermodynamic 1049:1061 arg1 parameters 1063:1072 the thermodynamic parameters 1045:1072 pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process 1004:1141 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 1 32 theme carbon 213:218 arg1 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 32 theme carbon 213:218 arg1 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 0 33 theme activated 25:33 arg1 carbon 35:40 activated carbon 25:40 activated carbon 25:40 Adsorption of arsenic by activated carbon, calcium alginate and their composite beads. 24780567 4 34 theme concentration 833:845 arg1 influence 786:794 The influence 782:794 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) 782:859 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 1 35 theme based 220:224 arg1 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 35 theme based 220:224 arg1 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 0 36 theme calcium 43:49 arg1 alginate 51:58 calcium alginate 43:58 calcium alginate 43:58 Adsorption of arsenic by activated carbon, calcium alginate and their composite beads. 24780567 1 37 theme calcium 276:282 arg1 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 37 theme calcium 276:282 arg1 beads 320:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads 276:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) 276:329 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 4 38 theme time 803:806 arg1 influence 786:794 The influence 782:794 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) 782:859 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 1 39 theme arsenic 360:366 arg1 removal 349:355 the removal 345:355 the removal of arsenic 345:366 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 4 40 theme temperature 809:819 arg1 influence 786:794 The influence 782:794 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) 782:859 The influence of pH, time, temperature and initial concentration of arsenic(V) were studied and optimized. 24780567 6 41 dep parameters 1063:1072 arg1 confirm 1074:1080 confirm 1074:1080 confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process 1074:1141 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 2 42 theme scanning 424:431 arg1 SEM 454:456 SEM 454:456 SEM 454:456 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 2 42 theme scanning 424:431 arg1 Fourier 460:466 Fourier 460:466 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge 460:555 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 2 42 theme scanning 424:431 arg1 microscope 442:451 scanning electron microscope 424:451 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 424:457 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 1 43 theme alginate/activated 284:301 arg1 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 43 theme alginate/activated 284:301 arg1 beads 320:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads 276:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) 276:329 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 44 theme carbon 303:308 arg1 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 44 theme carbon 303:308 arg1 beads 320:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads 276:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) 276:329 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 2 45 dep Fourier 460:466 arg1 transform 468:476 transform 468:476 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge 468:555 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 3 46 theme obtained 567:574 arg1 results 576:582 the obtained results 563:582 the obtained results 563:582 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 1 47 theme apricot 226:232 arg1 C 241:241 C 241:241 C 241:241 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 47 theme apricot 226:232 arg1 stone 234:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone 183:238 potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C) 183:242 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 6 48 theme ions 976:979 arg1 adsorption 954:963 The adsorption 950:963 The adsorption of arsenic ions 950:979 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 2 49 theme adsorbent 382:390 arg1 materials 392:400 The prepared adsorbent materials 369:400 The prepared adsorbent materials 369:400 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 6 50 theme arsenic 968:974 arg1 ions 976:979 arsenic ions 968:979 arsenic ions 968:979 The adsorption of arsenic ions was observed to follow pseudo-second order mechanism as well as the thermodynamic parameters confirm also the endothermic spontaneous and a physisorption process. 24780567 3 51 theme other 764:768 arg1 adsorbents 770:779 the other adsorbents 760:779 the other adsorbents 760:779 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 2 52 theme electron 433:440 arg1 SEM 454:456 SEM 454:456 SEM 454:456 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 2 52 theme electron 433:440 arg1 Fourier 460:466 Fourier 460:466 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge 460:555 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 2 52 theme electron 433:440 arg1 microscope 442:451 scanning electron microscope 424:451 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 424:457 The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-adsorption at -196°C and point of zero charge. 24780567 1 53 theme composite 310:318 arg1 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 GC 327:328 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 1 53 theme composite 310:318 arg1 beads 320:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads 276:324 calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) 276:329 The present investigation deals with preparation of three different adsorbent materials namely; potassium hydroxide activated carbon based apricot stone (C), calcium alginate beads (G) and calcium alginate/activated carbon composite beads (GC) were used for the removal of arsenic. 24780567 3 54 contain has 724:726 arg1 volume 645:650 total pore volume 634:650 total pore volume 634:650 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 54 contain has 724:726 arg1 G 712:712 the G adsorbent 708:722 the G adsorbent 708:722 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 54 contain has 724:726 arg2 group 749:753 more acidic function group 728:753 more acidic function group than the other adsorbents 728:779 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 54 contain has 724:726 arg1 porosity 607:614 the porosity 603:614 the porosity 603:614 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 54 contain has 724:726 arg1 area 625:628 surface area 617:628 surface area 617:628 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 24780567 3 55 theme adsorbent 714:722 arg1 G 712:712 the G adsorbent 708:722 the G adsorbent 708:722 From the obtained results, it was found that the porosity, surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent material C>GC>G respectively, however, the G adsorbent has more acidic function group than the other adsorbents. 28687892 2 0 theme Ferula 124:129 arg1 Boiss 139:143 Ferula gummosa Boiss 124:143 Ferula gummosa Boiss. 124:144 Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 5 1 theme biosynthetic 600:611 arg1 pathways 613:620 their biosynthetic pathways 594:620 their biosynthetic pathways 594:620 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 2 theme F. 494:495 arg1 gummosa 497:503 F. gummosa 494:503 F. gummosa 494:503 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 9 3 theme them 1216:1219 arg1 934 1201:1203 934 1201:1203 934 (79.6%) of them 1201:1219 Differential gene expression analysis showed that 1172 unigenes were differential between two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001). 28687892 9 3 theme them 1216:1219 arg1 % 1210:1210 79.6% 1206:1210 79.6% 1206:1210 Differential gene expression analysis showed that 1172 unigenes were differential between two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001). 28687892 9 4 theme expression 1113:1122 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 Differential gene expression analysis 1095:1131 Differential gene expression analysis 1095:1131 Differential gene expression analysis showed that 1172 unigenes were differential between two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001). 28687892 3 5 theme valuable 228:235 arg1 oleo-gum-resin 237:250 its valuable oleo-gum-resin 224:250 its valuable oleo-gum-resin 224:250 is an industrial and pharmaceutical plant that has been highly recognized for its valuable oleo-gum-resin, namely galbanum. 28687892 3 5 theme valuable 228:235 arg1 galbanum 260:267 galbanum 260:267 galbanum 260:267 is an industrial and pharmaceutical plant that has been highly recognized for its valuable oleo-gum-resin, namely galbanum. 28687892 3 6 theme pharmaceutical 167:180 arg1 plant 182:186 an industrial and pharmaceutical plant 149:186 an industrial and pharmaceutical plant that has been highly recognized for its valuable oleo-gum-resin, namely galbanum 149:267 is an industrial and pharmaceutical plant that has been highly recognized for its valuable oleo-gum-resin, namely galbanum. 28687892 10 7 theme up-regulated 1343:1354 arg1 unigenes 1356:1363 The most important up-regulated unigenes 1324:1363 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots 1324:1376 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 12 8 theme oleo-gum-resin 1657:1670 arg1 production 1643:1652 the production 1639:1652 the production of oleo-gum-resin 1639:1670 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 5 9 dep oleo-gum-resin 429:442 arg1 the 425:427 the 425:427 the 425:427 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 6 10 theme essential 678:686 arg1 oils 688:691 essential oils 678:691 essential oils 678:691 Results showed that the most accumulation of resin and essential oils were occurred in the roots (13.99 mg/g) and flowers (6.01 mg/g), respectively. 28687892 5 11 theme gummosa 497:503 arg1 stem 475:478 stem 475:478 stem 475:478 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 11 theme gummosa 497:503 arg1 root 461:464 root 461:464 root 461:464 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 11 theme gummosa 497:503 arg1 leaf 485:488 leaf 485:488 leaf 485:488 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 11 theme gummosa 497:503 arg1 flower 467:472 flower 467:472 flower 467:472 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 11 theme gummosa 497:503 arg1 oleo-gum-resin 429:442 oleo-gum-resin 429:442 oleo-gum-resin 429:442 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 11 theme gummosa 497:503 arg1 organs 453:458 four organs 448:458 four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) 448:489 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 13 12 theme further 1865:1871 arg1 studies 1873:1879 further studies 1865:1879 further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa 1865:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 3 13 theme industrial 152:161 arg1 plant 182:186 an industrial and pharmaceutical plant 149:186 an industrial and pharmaceutical plant that has been highly recognized for its valuable oleo-gum-resin, namely galbanum 149:267 is an industrial and pharmaceutical plant that has been highly recognized for its valuable oleo-gum-resin, namely galbanum. 28687892 7 14 theme dominant 787:794 arg1 β-amyrin 822:829 β-amyrin 822:829 β-amyrin 822:829 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 14 theme dominant 787:794 arg1 compound 796:803 the most dominant compound 778:803 the most dominant compound of the resin 778:816 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 1 15 dep reveal 66:71 arg1 to 63:64 to 63:64 to 63:64 to reveal major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds. 28687892 5 16 theme genes 576:580 arg1 terms 522:526 terms 522:526 terms of metabolic compositions 522:552 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 16 theme genes 576:580 arg1 expression 562:571 the expression 558:571 the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways 558:620 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 7 17 theme essential 884:892 arg1 oils 894:897 the essential oils 880:897 the essential oils 880:897 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 10 18 theme galbanum 1439:1446 arg1 myrcene 1459:1465 myrcene 1459:1465 myrcene 1459:1465 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 18 theme galbanum 1439:1446 arg1 components 1425:1434 the major components 1415:1434 the major components 1415:1434 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 18 theme galbanum 1439:1446 arg1 α-terpineol 1482:1492 α-terpineol 1482:1492 α-terpineol 1482:1492 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 18 theme galbanum 1439:1446 arg1 β-amyrin 1499:1506 β-amyrin 1499:1506 β-amyrin 1499:1506 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 18 theme galbanum 1439:1446 arg1 germacrene-D 1468:1479 germacrene-D 1468:1479 germacrene-D 1468:1479 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 6 19 theme resin 668:672 arg1 accumulation 652:663 the most accumulation 643:663 the most accumulation of resin and essential oils 643:691 Results showed that the most accumulation of resin and essential oils were occurred in the roots (13.99 mg/g) and flowers (6.01 mg/g), respectively. 28687892 13 20 from gummosa 1962:1968 arg1 genetics 1894:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 13 20 from gummosa 1962:1968 arg1 genomics 1918:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 13 21 theme production 1945:1954 arg1 genetics 1894:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 13 21 theme production 1945:1954 arg1 genomics 1918:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 8 22 theme Transcriptome 997:1009 arg1 analysis 1011:1018 Transcriptome analysis 997:1018 Transcriptome analysis 997:1018 Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the plant roots and flowers. 28687892 1 23 theme major 73:77 arg1 pathways 92:99 major biosynthetic pathways 73:99 major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds 73:121 to reveal major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds. 28687892 13 24 from production 1945:1954 arg1 gummosa 1962:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 10 25 theme components 1425:1434 arg1 biosynthesis 1399:1410 the biosynthesis 1395:1410 the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin 1395:1506 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 12 26 theme mono- 1774:1778 arg1 biosynthesis 1737:1748 the biosynthesis 1733:1748 the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes 1733:1797 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 12 27 theme gummosa 1615:1621 arg1 organs 1602:1607 different organs 1592:1607 different organs of F. gummosa 1592:1621 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 1 28 theme biosynthetic 79:90 arg1 pathways 92:99 major biosynthetic pathways 73:99 major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds 73:121 to reveal major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds. 28687892 4 29 theme galbanum 300:307 arg1 value 291:295 the fabulous value 278:295 the fabulous value of galbanum 278:307 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 4 30 theme production 383:392 arg1 mechanisms 365:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms 337:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production 337:392 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 7 31 from triterpenes 836:846 arg1 β-amyrin 822:829 β-amyrin 822:829 β-amyrin 822:829 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 31 from triterpenes 836:846 arg1 compound 796:803 the most dominant compound 778:803 the most dominant compound of the resin 778:816 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 6 32 theme most 647:650 arg1 accumulation 652:663 the most accumulation 643:663 the most accumulation of resin and essential oils 643:691 Results showed that the most accumulation of resin and essential oils were occurred in the roots (13.99 mg/g) and flowers (6.01 mg/g), respectively. 28687892 10 33 theme important 1333:1341 arg1 unigenes 1356:1363 The most important up-regulated unigenes 1324:1363 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots 1324:1376 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 13 34 theme oleo-gum-resin 1930:1943 arg1 production 1945:1954 oleo-gum-resin production 1930:1954 oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa 1930:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 5 35 theme metabolic 531:539 arg1 compositions 541:552 metabolic compositions 531:552 metabolic compositions 531:552 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 8 36 theme RNA 1037:1039 arg1 sequencing 1041:1050 RNA sequencing 1037:1050 RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) 1037:1060 Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the plant roots and flowers. 28687892 8 36 theme RNA 1037:1039 arg1 RNA-seq 1053:1059 RNA-seq 1053:1059 RNA-seq 1053:1059 Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the plant roots and flowers. 28687892 5 37 theme compositions 541:552 arg1 terms 522:526 terms 522:526 terms of metabolic compositions 522:552 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 37 theme compositions 541:552 arg1 expression 562:571 the expression 558:571 the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways 558:620 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 13 38 theme biochemical 1839:1849 arg1 resources 1851:1859 rich molecular and biochemical resources 1820:1859 rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa 1820:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 7 39 theme oils 894:897 arg1 compounds 867:875 the most abundant compounds 849:875 the most abundant compounds of the essential oils 849:897 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 39 theme oils 894:897 arg1 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 40 from monoterpenes 931:942 arg1 β-pinene 917:924 β-pinene 917:924 β-pinene 917:924 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 40 from monoterpenes 931:942 arg1 compounds 867:875 the most abundant compounds 849:875 the most abundant compounds of the essential oils 849:897 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 40 from monoterpenes 931:942 arg1 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 40 from monoterpenes 931:942 arg1 α-eudesmol 948:957 α-eudesmol 948:957 α-eudesmol 948:957 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 40 from monoterpenes 931:942 arg1 germacrene-D 963:974 germacrene-D 963:974 germacrene-D 963:974 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 0 41 theme metabolome 18:27 arg1 analysis 29:36 metabolome analysis 18:36 metabolome analysis 18:36 Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 13 42 theme functional 1907:1916 arg1 genomics 1918:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 1 43 theme galbanum 104:111 arg1 compounds 113:121 galbanum compounds 104:121 galbanum compounds 104:121 to reveal major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds. 28687892 4 44 theme fabulous 282:289 arg1 value 291:295 the fabulous value 278:295 the fabulous value of galbanum 278:307 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 13 45 from genomics 1918:1925 arg1 gummosa 1962:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 13 46 theme molecular 1825:1833 arg1 resources 1851:1859 rich molecular and biochemical resources 1820:1859 rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa 1820:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 0 47 dep Boiss 56:60 arg1 Transcriptome 0:12 Transcriptome 0:12 Transcriptome 0:12 Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 0 47 dep Boiss 56:60 arg1 analysis 29:36 metabolome analysis 18:36 metabolome analysis 18:36 Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 13 48 from studies 1873:1879 arg1 genetics 1894:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 13 48 from studies 1873:1879 arg1 genomics 1918:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 functional genomics 1907:1925 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 13 49 from genetics 1894:1901 arg1 gummosa 1962:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 12 50 from terms 1724:1728 arg1 roots 1681:1685 the roots 1677:1685 the roots 1677:1685 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 12 50 from terms 1724:1728 arg1 active 1696:1701 active 1696:1701 active 1696:1701 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 12 51 theme biosynthesis 1737:1748 arg1 terms 1724:1728 terms 1724:1728 terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes 1724:1797 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 13 52 theme rich 1820:1823 arg1 resources 1851:1859 rich molecular and biochemical resources 1820:1859 rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa 1820:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 4 53 theme genetic 341:347 arg1 mechanisms 365:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms 337:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production 337:392 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 10 54 from unigenes 1356:1363 arg1 roots 1372:1376 the roots 1368:1376 the roots 1368:1376 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 55 theme major 1419:1423 arg1 myrcene 1459:1465 myrcene 1459:1465 myrcene 1459:1465 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 55 theme major 1419:1423 arg1 components 1425:1434 the major components 1415:1434 the major components 1415:1434 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 55 theme major 1419:1423 arg1 α-terpineol 1482:1492 α-terpineol 1482:1492 α-terpineol 1482:1492 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 55 theme major 1419:1423 arg1 β-amyrin 1499:1506 β-amyrin 1499:1506 β-amyrin 1499:1506 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 10 55 theme major 1419:1423 arg1 germacrene-D 1468:1479 germacrene-D 1468:1479 germacrene-D 1468:1479 The most important up-regulated unigenes in the roots were involved in the biosynthesis of the major components of galbanum, including myrcene, germacrene-D, α-terpineol, and β-amyrin. 28687892 9 56 dep up-regulated 1226:1237 arg1 organs 1189:1194 two organs 1185:1194 two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001) 1185:1321 Differential gene expression analysis showed that 1172 unigenes were differential between two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001). 28687892 13 57 theme molecular 1884:1892 arg1 genetics 1894:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 molecular genetics 1884:1901 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 1 58 theme compounds 113:121 arg1 pathways 92:99 major biosynthetic pathways 73:99 major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds 73:121 to reveal major biosynthetic pathways of galbanum compounds. 28687892 0 59 theme gummosa 48:54 arg1 Transcriptome 0:12 Transcriptome 0:12 Transcriptome 0:12 Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 0 59 theme gummosa 48:54 arg1 analysis 29:36 metabolome analysis 18:36 metabolome analysis 18:36 Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 12 60 theme other 1708:1712 arg1 organs 1714:1719 other organs 1708:1719 other organs 1708:1719 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 12 61 theme triterpenes 1753:1763 arg1 biosynthesis 1737:1748 the biosynthesis 1733:1748 the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes 1733:1797 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 4 62 theme biochemical 353:363 arg1 mechanisms 365:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms 337:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production 337:392 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 12 63 from active 1696:1701 arg1 terms 1724:1728 terms 1724:1728 terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes 1724:1797 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 64 theme abundant 858:865 arg1 compounds 867:875 the most abundant compounds 849:875 the most abundant compounds of the essential oils 849:897 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 64 theme abundant 858:865 arg1 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 5 65 dep organs 453:458 arg1 stem 475:478 stem 475:478 stem 475:478 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 65 dep organs 453:458 arg1 leaf 485:488 leaf 485:488 leaf 485:488 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 65 dep organs 453:458 arg1 flower 467:472 flower 467:472 flower 467:472 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 65 dep organs 453:458 arg1 root 461:464 root 461:464 root 461:464 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 5 65 dep organs 453:458 arg1 organs 453:458 four organs 448:458 four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) 448:489 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 28687892 9 66 theme gene 1108:1111 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 Differential gene expression analysis 1095:1131 Differential gene expression analysis 1095:1131 Differential gene expression analysis showed that 1172 unigenes were differential between two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001). 28687892 4 67 from information 322:332 arg1 mechanisms 365:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms 337:374 the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production 337:392 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 4 68 theme little 315:320 arg1 information 322:332 very little information 310:332 very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production 310:392 Despite the fabulous value of galbanum, very little information on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of its production existed. 28687892 12 69 theme F. 1612:1613 arg1 gummosa 1615:1621 F. gummosa 1612:1621 F. gummosa 1612:1621 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 70 theme resin 812:816 arg1 β-amyrin 822:829 β-amyrin 822:829 β-amyrin 822:829 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 70 theme resin 812:816 arg1 compound 796:803 the most dominant compound 778:803 the most dominant compound of the resin 778:816 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 9 71 theme Differential 1095:1106 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 Differential gene expression analysis 1095:1131 Differential gene expression analysis 1095:1131 Differential gene expression analysis showed that 1172 unigenes were differential between two organs that 934 (79.6%) of them were up-regulated in the flowers and 238 (20.4%) unigenes were up-regulated in the roots (FDR ≤0.001). 28687892 12 72 theme different 1592:1600 arg1 organs 1602:1607 different organs 1592:1607 different organs of F. gummosa 1592:1621 These analyses showed that different organs of F. gummosa are involved in the production of oleo-gum-resin, but the roots are more active than other organs in terms of the biosynthesis of triterpenes and some mono- and sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 73 from sesquiterpenes 981:994 arg1 β-pinene 917:924 β-pinene 917:924 β-pinene 917:924 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 73 from sesquiterpenes 981:994 arg1 compounds 867:875 the most abundant compounds 849:875 the most abundant compounds of the essential oils 849:897 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 73 from sesquiterpenes 981:994 arg1 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 α-pinene 904:911 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 73 from sesquiterpenes 981:994 arg1 α-eudesmol 948:957 α-eudesmol 948:957 α-eudesmol 948:957 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 7 73 from sesquiterpenes 981:994 arg1 germacrene-D 963:974 germacrene-D 963:974 germacrene-D 963:974 While the most dominant compound of the resin was β-amyrin from triterpenes, the most abundant compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene and β-pinene from monoterpenes and α-eudesmol and germacrene-D from sesquiterpenes. 28687892 8 74 theme plant 1070:1074 arg1 roots 1076:1080 the plant roots 1066:1080 the plant roots 1066:1080 Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the plant roots and flowers. 28687892 2 75 theme gummosa 131:137 arg1 Boiss 139:143 Ferula gummosa Boiss 124:143 Ferula gummosa Boiss. 124:144 Ferula gummosa Boiss. 28687892 6 76 theme oils 688:691 arg1 accumulation 652:663 the most accumulation 643:663 the most accumulation of resin and essential oils 643:691 Results showed that the most accumulation of resin and essential oils were occurred in the roots (13.99 mg/g) and flowers (6.01 mg/g), respectively. 28687892 13 77 theme F. 1959:1960 arg1 gummosa 1962:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 F. gummosa 1959:1968 This study provides rich molecular and biochemical resources for further studies on molecular genetics and functional genomics of oleo-gum-resin production in F. gummosa. 28687892 5 78 theme present 410:416 arg1 study 418:422 the present study 406:422 the present study 406:422 In the present study, the oleo-gum-resin and four organs (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of F. gummosa were assessed in terms of metabolic compositions and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. 25702272 3 0 theme violet 823:828 arg1 spectrophotometer 838:854 an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer 814:854 an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer 814:854 After extraction, the concentrations of protein were determined by measuring the absorbance at 278 nm using an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer. 25702272 4 1 theme imidazolium 1015:1025 arg1 ionic 1027:1031 MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid 1001:1038 MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid 1001:1038 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 1 2 theme cationic 159:166 arg1 liquids 206:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 4 3 theme liquid 1033:1038 arg1 ionic 1027:1031 MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid 1001:1038 MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid 1001:1038 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 4 4 theme graphene 976:983 arg1 oxide 985:989 graphene oxide 976:989 graphene oxide 976:989 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 1 5 theme functional 168:177 arg1 liquids 206:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 0 6 theme solid-phase 106:116 arg1 extraction 118:127 the solid-phase extraction 102:127 the solid-phase extraction of protein 102:138 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 2 7 theme field 585:589 arg1 microscopy 618:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 5 8 theme extract 1081:1087 arg1 trypsin 1089:1095 extract trypsin 1081:1095 extract trypsin 1081:1095 The proposed method has been applied to extract trypsin, lysozyme, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin. 25702272 1 9 theme magnetic 305:312 arg1 composite 345:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 3 10 theme ultra 817:821 arg1 spectrophotometer 838:854 an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer 814:854 an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer 814:854 After extraction, the concentrations of protein were determined by measuring the absorbance at 278 nm using an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer. 25702272 4 11 theme magnetic 957:964 arg1 chitosan 966:973 magnetic chitosan 957:973 magnetic chitosan 957:973 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 4 12 theme MCGO-functional 875:889 arg1 extraction 927:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 temperature 1301:1311 the temperature 1297:1311 the temperature 1297:1311 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 amount 1237:1242 the amount 1233:1242 the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1233:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 pH 1293:1294 the pH 1289:1294 the pH 1289:1294 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 concentration 1207:1219 the concentration 1203:1219 the concentration of protein 1203:1230 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 time 1332:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 guanidinium 1263:1273 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 conditions 1184:1193 the adsorption conditions 1169:1193 the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time 1169:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 13 theme adsorption 1173:1182 arg1 protein 1224:1230 protein 1224:1230 protein 1224:1230 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 1 14 theme hexaalkylguanidinium 179:198 arg1 liquids 206:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 1 15 theme functional 395:404 arg1 liquids 424:430 these functional guanidinium ionic liquids 389:430 these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein 389:449 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 2 16 dep transform 673:681 arg1 infrared 683:690 infrared 683:690 transform infrared spectrometer 673:703 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 6 17 theme liquid 1281:1286 arg1 guanidinium 1263:1273 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 1 18 theme ionic 200:204 arg1 liquids 206:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 3 19 from nm 805:806 arg1 absorbance 787:796 the absorbance 783:796 the absorbance at 278 nm 783:806 After extraction, the concentrations of protein were determined by measuring the absorbance at 278 nm using an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer. 25702272 1 20 theme guanidinium 406:416 arg1 liquids 424:430 these functional guanidinium ionic liquids 389:430 these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein 389:449 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 7 21 theme ionic 1400:1404 arg1 guanidinium 1388:1398 the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1368:1411 the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1368:1411 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 2 22 theme sample 564:569 arg1 magnetometer 571:582 sample magnetometer 564:582 sample magnetometer 564:582 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 6 23 theme ionic 1275:1279 arg1 guanidinium 1263:1273 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 1 24 theme liquids 206:212 arg1 series 143:148 A series 141:148 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 141:271 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 2 25 theme MCGO-functional 487:501 arg1 guanidinium 503:513 MCGO-functional guanidinium 487:513 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 487:526 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 1 26 theme chitosan 314:321 arg1 composite 345:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 temperature 1301:1311 the temperature 1297:1311 the temperature 1297:1311 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 amount 1237:1242 the amount 1233:1242 the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1233:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 pH 1293:1294 the pH 1289:1294 the pH 1289:1294 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 concentration 1207:1219 the concentration 1203:1219 the concentration of protein 1203:1230 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 time 1332:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 guanidinium 1263:1273 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 27 theme guanidinium 1263:1273 arg1 protein 1224:1230 protein 1224:1230 protein 1224:1230 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 0 28 theme chitosan 24:31 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium 0:73 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 1 29 theme graphene 323:330 arg1 composite 345:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 6 30 theme comprehensive 1146:1158 arg1 study 1160:1164 A comprehensive study 1144:1164 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time 1144:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 5 31 theme bovine 1122:1127 arg1 albumin 1135:1141 bovine serum albumin 1122:1141 bovine serum albumin 1122:1141 The proposed method has been applied to extract trypsin, lysozyme, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin. 25702272 1 32 theme anionic 218:224 arg1 liquids 265:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 0 33 theme magnetic 15:22 arg1 chitosan 24:31 chitosan 24:31 chitosan 24:31 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 1 34 theme oxide 332:336 arg1 composite 345:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 0 35 theme protein 132:138 arg1 extraction 118:127 the solid-phase extraction 102:127 the solid-phase extraction of protein 102:138 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 1 36 theme ionic 418:422 arg1 liquids 424:430 these functional guanidinium ionic liquids 389:430 these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein 389:449 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 7 37 theme initial 1489:1495 arg1 one 1497:1499 the initial one 1485:1499 the initial one 1485:1499 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 7 38 theme one 1497:1499 arg1 one 1497:1499 the initial one 1485:1499 the initial one 1485:1499 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 7 38 theme one 1497:1499 arg1 capacity 1459:1466 the extraction capacity 1444:1466 the extraction capacity 1444:1466 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 7 38 theme one 1497:1499 arg1 % 1480:1480 about 94% 1472:1480 about 94% of the initial one 1472:1499 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 1 39 theme functional 226:235 arg1 liquids 265:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 0 40 theme graphene 37:44 arg1 guanidinium 63:73 graphene oxide-functional guanidinium 37:73 graphene oxide-functional guanidinium 37:73 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 3 41 theme visible 830:836 arg1 spectrophotometer 838:854 an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer 814:854 an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer 814:854 After extraction, the concentrations of protein were determined by measuring the absorbance at 278 nm using an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer. 25702272 2 42 theme electron 609:616 arg1 microscopy 618:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 3 43 theme protein 746:752 arg1 concentrations 728:741 the concentrations 724:741 the concentrations of protein 724:752 After extraction, the concentrations of protein were determined by measuring the absorbance at 278 nm using an ultra violet visible spectrophotometer. 25702272 4 44 theme extraction 927:936 arg1 advantages 861:870 The advantages 857:870 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 857:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 7 45 theme liquid 1406:1411 arg1 guanidinium 1388:1398 the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1368:1411 the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1368:1411 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 1 46 theme tetraalkylguanidinium 237:257 arg1 liquids 265:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 2 47 dep Fourier 665:671 arg1 transform 673:681 transform 673:681 transform infrared spectrometer 673:703 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 1 48 theme MCGO 339:342 arg1 composite 345:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite 300:353 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 2 49 theme scanning 600:607 arg1 microscopy 618:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 4 50 theme protein 919:925 arg1 extraction 927:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 1 51 theme ionic 259:263 arg1 liquids 265:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 218:271 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 0 52 theme guanidinium 63:73 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium 0:73 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 2 53 theme emission 591:598 arg1 microscopy 618:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 field emission scanning electron microscopy 585:627 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 4 54 theme MCGO-ordinary 1001:1013 arg1 ionic 1027:1031 MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid 1001:1038 MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid 1001:1038 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 1 55 theme extract 435:441 arg1 protein 443:449 extract protein 435:449 extract protein 435:449 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 6 56 theme extraction 1321:1330 arg1 time 1332:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 7 57 theme MCGO-functional 1372:1386 arg1 guanidinium 1388:1398 the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1368:1411 the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1368:1411 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 0 58 theme oxide-functional 46:61 arg1 guanidinium 63:73 graphene oxide-functional guanidinium 37:73 graphene oxide-functional guanidinium 37:73 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 6 59 theme MCGO-functional 1247:1261 arg1 guanidinium 1263:1273 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 7 60 theme extraction 1448:1457 arg1 capacity 1459:1466 the extraction capacity 1444:1466 the extraction capacity 1444:1466 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 7 60 theme extraction 1448:1457 arg1 one 1497:1499 the initial one 1485:1499 the initial one 1485:1499 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 7 60 theme extraction 1448:1457 arg1 % 1480:1480 about 94% 1472:1480 about 94% of the initial one 1472:1499 Moreover, the MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid can be easily regenerated, and the extraction capacity was about 94% of the initial one after being used three times. 25702272 2 61 theme diffraction 636:646 arg1 spectrometer 648:659 X-ray diffraction spectrometer 630:659 X-ray diffraction spectrometer 630:659 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 4 62 theme ionic 903:907 arg1 extraction 927:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 5 63 theme serum 1129:1133 arg1 albumin 1135:1141 bovine serum albumin 1122:1141 bovine serum albumin 1122:1141 The proposed method has been applied to extract trypsin, lysozyme, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 temperature 1301:1311 the temperature 1297:1311 the temperature 1297:1311 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 amount 1237:1242 the amount 1233:1242 the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1233:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 pH 1293:1294 the pH 1289:1294 the pH 1289:1294 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 concentration 1207:1219 the concentration 1203:1219 the concentration of protein 1203:1230 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 time 1332:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 the extraction time 1317:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 guanidinium 1263:1273 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 1247:1286 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 6 64 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 protein 1224:1230 protein 1224:1230 protein 1224:1230 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 1 65 theme liquids 265:271 arg1 series 143:148 A series 141:148 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 141:271 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 2 66 theme X-ray 630:634 arg1 spectrometer 648:659 X-ray diffraction spectrometer 630:659 X-ray diffraction spectrometer 630:659 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 1 67 theme magnetic 454:461 arg1 extraction 475:484 magnetic solid-phase extraction 454:484 magnetic solid-phase extraction 454:484 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 4 68 theme guanidinium 891:901 arg1 extraction 927:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 5 69 theme proposed 1045:1052 arg1 method 1054:1059 The proposed method 1041:1059 The proposed method 1041:1059 The proposed method has been applied to extract trypsin, lysozyme, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin. 25702272 0 70 theme liquid 81:86 arg1 composite 88:96 liquid composite 81:96 liquid composite 81:96 Preparation of magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide-functional guanidinium ionic liquid composite for the solid-phase extraction of protein. 25702272 1 71 theme solid-phase 463:473 arg1 extraction 475:484 magnetic solid-phase extraction 454:484 magnetic solid-phase extraction 454:484 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 25702272 4 72 theme in 916:917 arg1 extraction 927:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 6 73 theme conditions 1184:1193 arg1 study 1160:1164 A comprehensive study 1144:1164 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time 1144:1335 A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the concentration of protein, the amount of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid, the pH, the temperature and the extraction time were also presented. 25702272 2 74 theme liquid 521:526 arg1 guanidinium 503:513 MCGO-functional guanidinium 487:513 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid 487:526 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid has been characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 25702272 4 75 theme liquid 909:914 arg1 extraction 927:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction 875:936 The advantages of MCGO-functional guanidinium ionic liquid in protein extraction were compared with magnetic chitosan, graphene oxide, MCGO and MCGO-ordinary imidazolium ionic liquid. 25702272 1 76 theme novel 153:157 arg1 liquids 206:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids 153:212 A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized, and then magnetic chitosan graphene oxide (MCGO) composite has been prepared and coated with these functional guanidinium ionic liquids to extract protein by magnetic solid-phase extraction. 26023730 4 0 theme tetracycline 809:820 arg1 removal 798:804 the removal 794:804 the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions 794:843 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 1 1 theme as-prepared 220:230 arg1 APCNTs 250:255 APCNTs 250:255 APCNTs 250:255 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 1 theme as-prepared 220:230 arg1 nanotubes 239:247 as-prepared carbon nanotubes 220:247 as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs) 220:256 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 4 2 theme aqueous 827:833 arg1 solutions 835:843 aqueous solutions 827:843 aqueous solutions 827:843 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 10 3 theme external 1467:1474 arg1 field 1485:1489 an external magnetic field 1464:1489 an external magnetic field 1464:1489 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 3 4 contain containing 606:615 arg1 oxygen 586:591 more abundant oxygen 572:591 more abundant oxygen 572:591 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 3 4 contain containing 606:615 arg2 groups 628:633 functional groups 617:633 functional groups 617:633 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 1 5 theme @ 160:160 arg1 composite 173:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 143:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) 143:196 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 5 theme @ 160:160 arg1 Fe-CS 191:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 5 6 dep tetracycline 937:948 arg1 -1 960:961 -1 960:961 -1 960:961 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 6 dep tetracycline 937:948 arg1 g 958:958 104 mg g 951:958 104 mg g(-1) 951:962 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 3 7 theme magnetization 690:702 arg1 characteristics 704:718 good magnetization characteristics 685:718 good magnetization characteristics 685:718 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 0 8 theme tetracycline 98:109 arg1 removal 111:117 tetracycline removal 98:117 tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions 98:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 9 9 theme @ 1373:1373 arg1 Fe-CS 1374:1378 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1367:1378 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1367:1378 Cu(2+) and humic acid could promote the adsorption of tetracycline on CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 2 10 theme long-term 488:496 arg1 stability 498:506 the long-term stability 484:506 the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS 484:522 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 3 11 theme acidic 729:734 arg1 solutions 736:744 acidic solutions 729:744 acidic solutions 729:744 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 11 12 theme organic 1684:1690 arg1 pollutants 1692:1701 organic pollutants 1684:1701 organic pollutants 1684:1701 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 2 13 theme @ 517:517 arg1 Fe-CS 518:522 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 511:522 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 511:522 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 0 14 from application 83:93 arg1 removal 111:117 tetracycline removal 98:117 tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions 98:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 0 14 from application 83:93 arg1 solutions 132:140 aqueous solutions 124:140 aqueous solutions 124:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 5 15 theme @ 890:890 arg1 Fe-CS 891:895 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 884:895 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 884:895 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 11 16 theme @ 1601:1601 arg1 nanomaterial 1632:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial 1611:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation 1611:1731 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 11 16 theme @ 1601:1601 arg1 Fe-CS 1602:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 0 17 theme CNTs-C 46:51 arg1 composite 65:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 3 18 theme @ 555:555 arg1 Fe-CS 556:560 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 549:560 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 549:560 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 0 19 theme Fe-chitosan 53:63 arg1 composite 65:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 1 20 theme magnetic 145:152 arg1 composite 173:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 143:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) 143:196 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 20 theme magnetic 145:152 arg1 Fe-CS 191:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 11 21 theme promising 1613:1621 arg1 nanomaterial 1632:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial 1611:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation 1611:1731 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 11 21 theme promising 1613:1621 arg1 Fe-CS 1602:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 8 22 theme rate-controlling 1274:1289 arg1 it 1254:1255 it 1254:1255 it 1254:1255 Intra-particle diffusion was involved in the adsorption, but it was not the only rate-controlling step. 26023730 8 22 theme rate-controlling 1274:1289 arg1 step 1291:1294 the only rate-controlling step 1265:1294 the only rate-controlling step 1265:1294 Intra-particle diffusion was involved in the adsorption, but it was not the only rate-controlling step. 26023730 7 23 theme adsorption 1109:1118 arg1 kinetics 1120:1127 the adsorption kinetics 1105:1127 the adsorption kinetics 1105:1127 Kinetic regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. 26023730 6 24 theme isotherm 981:988 arg1 model 990:994 The Freundlich isotherm model 966:994 The Freundlich isotherm model 966:994 The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. 26023730 0 25 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 method 7:12 Facile method 0:12 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 0:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 10 26 theme Fe-CS 1392:1396 arg1 adsorbents 1398:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents 1381:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents 1381:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 2 27 used utilized 302:309 arg2 nanoparticles 269:281 The metal nanoparticles 259:281 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs 259:291 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 5 28 theme good 904:907 arg1 capacity 920:927 a good adsorption capacity 902:927 a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)) 902:963 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 28 theme good 904:907 arg1 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 10 29 theme CNTs-C 1385:1390 arg1 adsorbents 1398:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents 1381:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents 1381:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 7 30 theme Kinetic 1066:1072 arg1 results 1085:1091 Kinetic regression results 1066:1091 Kinetic regression results 1066:1091 Kinetic regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. 26023730 5 31 theme mg 955:956 arg1 -1 960:961 -1 960:961 -1 960:961 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 31 theme mg 955:956 arg1 g 958:958 104 mg g 951:958 104 mg g(-1) 951:962 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 2 32 theme acid 426:429 arg1 dissolution 431:441 acid dissolution 426:441 acid dissolution 426:441 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 3 33 theme abundant 577:584 arg1 oxygen 586:591 more abundant oxygen 572:591 more abundant oxygen 572:591 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 11 34 theme CNTs-C 1595:1600 arg1 nanomaterial 1632:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial 1611:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation 1611:1731 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 11 34 theme CNTs-C 1595:1600 arg1 Fe-CS 1602:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 4 35 theme CNTs-C 752:757 arg1 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 4 35 theme CNTs-C 752:757 arg1 Fe-CS 759:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS 747:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS 747:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 6 36 theme better 1025:1030 arg1 data 1020:1023 the experimental data 1003:1023 the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model 1003:1063 The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. 26023730 2 37 theme purification 332:343 arg1 treatment 345:353 any purification treatment 328:353 any purification treatment 328:353 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 9 38 from adsorption 1337:1346 arg1 Fe-CS 1374:1378 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1367:1378 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1367:1378 Cu(2+) and humic acid could promote the adsorption of tetracycline on CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 6 39 theme experimental 1007:1018 arg1 data 1020:1023 the experimental data 1003:1023 the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model 1003:1063 The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. 26023730 7 40 theme pseudo 1166:1171 arg1 model 1186:1190 a pseudo second-order model 1164:1190 a pseudo second-order model 1164:1190 Kinetic regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. 26023730 10 41 theme magnetic 1476:1483 arg1 field 1485:1489 an external magnetic field 1464:1489 an external magnetic field 1464:1489 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 3 42 theme chitosan 641:648 arg1 modification 650:661 chitosan modification 641:661 chitosan modification 641:661 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 1 43 theme carbon 232:237 arg1 APCNTs 250:255 APCNTs 250:255 APCNTs 250:255 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 43 theme carbon 232:237 arg1 nanotubes 239:247 as-prepared carbon nanotubes 220:247 as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs) 220:256 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 0 44 from solutions 132:140 arg1 application 83:93 its application 79:93 its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions 79:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 0 44 from solutions 132:140 arg1 method 7:12 Facile method 0:12 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 0:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 0 44 from solutions 132:140 arg1 removal 111:117 tetracycline removal 98:117 tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions 98:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 3 45 theme good 685:688 arg1 characteristics 704:718 good magnetization characteristics 685:718 good magnetization characteristics 685:718 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 9 46 theme tetracycline 1351:1362 arg1 adsorption 1337:1346 the adsorption 1333:1346 the adsorption of tetracycline on CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1333:1378 Cu(2+) and humic acid could promote the adsorption of tetracycline on CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 1 47 theme CNTs-C 154:159 arg1 composite 173:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 143:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) 143:196 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 47 theme CNTs-C 154:159 arg1 Fe-CS 191:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 10 48 theme adsorption 1499:1508 arg1 capacity 1510:1517 the adsorption capacity 1495:1517 the adsorption capacity 1495:1517 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 4 49 used used 769:772 arg2 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 4 49 used used 769:772 arg2 Fe-CS 759:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS 747:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS 747:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 1 50 theme Fe-chitosan 161:171 arg1 composite 173:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 143:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) 143:196 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 50 theme Fe-chitosan 161:171 arg1 Fe-CS 191:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 2 51 theme metal 263:267 arg1 nanoparticles 269:281 The metal nanoparticles 259:281 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs 259:291 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 9 52 theme CNTs-C 1367:1372 arg1 Fe-CS 1374:1378 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1367:1378 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1367:1378 Cu(2+) and humic acid could promote the adsorption of tetracycline on CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 6 53 theme isotherm 1050:1057 arg1 model 1059:1063 the Langmuir isotherm model 1037:1063 the Langmuir isotherm model 1037:1063 The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. 26023730 5 54 contain have 897:900 arg2 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 54 contain have 897:900 arg1 Fe-CS 891:895 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 884:895 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 884:895 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 54 contain have 897:900 arg2 capacity 920:927 a good adsorption capacity 902:927 a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)) 902:963 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 0 55 theme aqueous 124:130 arg1 solutions 132:140 aqueous solutions 124:140 aqueous solutions 124:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 1 56 theme @ 190:190 arg1 composite 173:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 143:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) 143:196 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 56 theme @ 190:190 arg1 Fe-CS 191:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 11 57 theme environmental 1707:1719 arg1 remediation 1721:1731 environmental remediation 1707:1731 environmental remediation 1707:1731 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 2 58 theme Fe-CS 518:522 arg1 stability 498:506 the long-term stability 484:506 the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS 484:522 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 11 59 theme pollutants 1692:1701 arg1 separation 1670:1679 separation 1670:1679 separation 1670:1679 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 11 59 theme pollutants 1692:1701 arg1 preconcentration 1649:1664 preconcentration 1649:1664 preconcentration 1649:1664 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 5 60 theme CNTs-C 884:889 arg1 Fe-CS 891:895 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 884:895 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 884:895 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 2 61 theme CNTs-C 511:516 arg1 Fe-CS 518:522 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 511:522 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 511:522 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 3 62 contain had 681:683 arg1 composite 671:679 the composite 667:679 the composite 667:679 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 3 62 contain had 681:683 arg2 characteristics 704:718 good magnetization characteristics 685:718 good magnetization characteristics 685:718 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 0 63 theme @ 52:52 arg1 composite 65:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 4 64 from solutions 835:843 arg1 removal 798:804 the removal 794:804 the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions 794:843 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 3 65 theme CNTs-C 549:554 arg1 Fe-CS 556:560 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 549:560 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 549:560 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 8 66 theme Intra-particle 1193:1206 arg1 diffusion 1208:1216 Intra-particle diffusion 1193:1216 Intra-particle diffusion 1193:1216 Intra-particle diffusion was involved in the adsorption, but it was not the only rate-controlling step. 26023730 0 67 theme composite 65:73 arg1 synthesis 22:30 the synthesis 18:30 the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 18:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 5 68 theme Adsorption 846:855 arg1 experiments 857:867 Adsorption experiments 846:867 Adsorption experiments 846:867 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 0 69 from method 7:12 arg1 removal 111:117 tetracycline removal 98:117 tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions 98:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 0 69 from method 7:12 arg1 solutions 132:140 aqueous solutions 124:140 aqueous solutions 124:140 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 5 70 theme adsorption 909:918 arg1 capacity 920:927 a good adsorption capacity 902:927 a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)) 902:963 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 70 theme adsorption 909:918 arg1 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 2 71 from nanoparticles 269:281 arg1 APCNTs 286:291 APCNTs 286:291 APCNTs 286:291 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 11 72 theme magnetic 1623:1630 arg1 nanomaterial 1632:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial 1611:1643 a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation 1611:1731 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 11 72 theme magnetic 1623:1630 arg1 Fe-CS 1602:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 1595:1606 Therefore, CNTs-C@Fe-CS is a promising magnetic nanomaterial for preconcentration and separation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. 26023730 1 73 theme CNTs-C 184:189 arg1 composite 173:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 143:181 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) 143:196 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 1 73 theme CNTs-C 184:189 arg1 Fe-CS 191:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 184:195 A magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite (CNTs-C@Fe-CS) was prepared based on as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs). 26023730 2 74 theme MNPs 464:467 arg1 oxidation 415:423 oxidation 415:423 oxidation 415:423 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 2 74 theme MNPs 464:467 arg1 dissolution 431:441 acid dissolution 426:441 acid dissolution 426:441 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 2 74 theme MNPs 464:467 arg1 movement 448:455 movement 448:455 movement of the MNPs 448:467 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 8 75 theme only 1269:1272 arg1 it 1254:1255 it 1254:1255 it 1254:1255 Intra-particle diffusion was involved in the adsorption, but it was not the only rate-controlling step. 26023730 8 75 theme only 1269:1272 arg1 step 1291:1294 the only rate-controlling step 1265:1294 the only rate-controlling step 1265:1294 Intra-particle diffusion was involved in the adsorption, but it was not the only rate-controlling step. 26023730 10 76 theme mg 1548:1549 arg1 -1 1553:1554 -1 1553:1554 -1 1553:1554 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 10 76 theme mg 1548:1549 arg1 g 1551:1551 99.3 mg g 1543:1551 99.3 mg g(-1) 1543:1555 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 6 77 theme Freundlich 970:979 arg1 model 990:994 The Freundlich isotherm model 966:994 The Freundlich isotherm model 966:994 The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. 26023730 7 78 theme regression 1074:1083 arg1 results 1085:1091 Kinetic regression results 1066:1091 Kinetic regression results 1066:1091 Kinetic regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. 26023730 2 79 theme effective 389:397 arg1 barrier 399:405 an effective barrier 386:405 an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs 386:467 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 10 80 theme @ 1391:1391 arg1 adsorbents 1398:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents 1381:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents 1381:1407 The CNTs-C@Fe-CS adsorbents could be effectively and quickly separated by applying an external magnetic field and the adsorption capacity was still maintained at 99.3 mg g(-1) after being used 10 times. 26023730 2 81 theme carbon 364:369 arg1 shells 371:376 the carbon shells 360:376 the carbon shells 360:376 The metal nanoparticles in APCNTs could be utilized directly without any purification treatment, and the carbon shells provide an effective barrier against oxidation, acid dissolution, and movement of the MNPs, thus ensuring the long-term stability of CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 26023730 0 82 theme magnetic 37:44 arg1 composite 65:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite 35:73 Facile method for the synthesis of a magnetic CNTs-C@Fe-chitosan composite and its application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. 26023730 6 83 theme Langmuir 1041:1048 arg1 model 1059:1063 the Langmuir isotherm model 1037:1063 the Langmuir isotherm model 1037:1063 The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. 26023730 3 84 theme functional 617:626 arg1 groups 628:633 functional groups 617:633 functional groups 617:633 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 5 85 theme tetracycline 937:948 arg1 capacity 920:927 a good adsorption capacity 902:927 a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)) 902:963 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 5 85 theme tetracycline 937:948 arg1 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 qe 930:931 Adsorption experiments indicated that CNTs-C@Fe-CS have a good adsorption capacity (qe) of tetracycline (104 mg g(-1)). 26023730 7 86 theme second-order 1173:1184 arg1 model 1186:1190 a pseudo second-order model 1164:1190 a pseudo second-order model 1164:1190 Kinetic regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. 26023730 3 87 contain contained 562:570 arg1 Fe-CS 556:560 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 549:560 CNTs-C@Fe-CS 549:560 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 3 87 contain contained 562:570 arg2 nitrogen 597:604 nitrogen 597:604 nitrogen 597:604 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 3 87 contain contained 562:570 arg2 oxygen 586:591 more abundant oxygen 572:591 more abundant oxygen 572:591 The results showed that CNTs-C@Fe-CS contained more abundant oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups after chitosan modification and the composite had good magnetization characteristics, even in acidic solutions. 26023730 4 88 theme @ 758:758 arg1 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 4 88 theme @ 758:758 arg1 Fe-CS 759:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS 747:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS 747:763 Then CNTs-C@Fe-CS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. 26023730 9 89 theme humic 1308:1312 arg1 acid 1314:1317 humic acid 1308:1317 humic acid 1308:1317 Cu(2+) and humic acid could promote the adsorption of tetracycline on CNTs-C@Fe-CS. 24856052 4 0 theme molecular 468:476 arg1 weight 478:483 molecular weight 468:483 molecular weight of HA 468:489 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 5 1 theme left 594:597 arg1 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 5 1 theme left 594:597 arg1 artery 628:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery 590:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 590:639 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 8 2 theme 50 kDa 1054:1059 arg1 hydrogels 1070:1078 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels 1054:1078 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels 1054:1078 For the disease progression, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels were injected to sub-acute and chronic MI models. 24856052 1 3 theme growth 238:243 arg1 factors 245:251 growth factors 238:251 growth factors 238:251 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 0 4 theme disease 83:89 arg1 composition 99:109 the composition 95:109 the composition of biomimetic hydrogel 95:132 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 0 4 theme disease 83:89 arg1 progression 68:78 the progression 64:78 the progression of disease 64:89 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 4 5 theme HA 488:489 arg1 weight 478:483 molecular weight 468:483 molecular weight of HA 468:489 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 4 5 theme HA 488:489 arg1 another 495:501 another 495:501 another 495:501 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 4 5 theme HA 488:489 arg1 progression 510:520 the progression 506:520 the progression of MI 506:526 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 5 6 theme anterior 599:606 arg1 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 5 6 theme anterior 599:606 arg1 artery 628:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery 590:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 590:639 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 5 7 theme Rat 552:554 arg1 model 559:563 Rat MI model 552:563 Rat MI model 552:563 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 7 8 theme 50 kDa 899:904 arg1 hydrogel 915:922 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel 899:922 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel 899:922 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 9 9 theme agents 1258:1263 arg1 timing 1232:1237 injection timing 1222:1237 injection timing of the therapeutic agents 1222:1263 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 5 10 theme descending 608:617 arg1 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 5 10 theme descending 608:617 arg1 artery 628:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery 590:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 590:639 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 5 11 theme MI 556:557 arg1 model 559:563 Rat MI model 552:563 Rat MI model 552:563 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 2 12 theme injectable 277:286 arg1 acid 299:302 injectable hyaluronic acid 277:302 injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone 277:329 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 2 12 theme injectable 277:286 arg1 HA 305:306 HA 305:306 HA 305:306 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 8 13 theme sub-acute 1097:1105 arg1 models 1122:1127 sub-acute and chronic MI models 1097:1127 sub-acute and chronic MI models 1097:1127 For the disease progression, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels were injected to sub-acute and chronic MI models. 24856052 5 14 theme coronary 619:626 arg1 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 LAD 636:638 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 5 14 theme coronary 619:626 arg1 artery 628:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery 590:633 the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 590:639 Rat MI model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 24856052 7 15 theme sub-acute 882:890 arg1 model 892:896 the sub-acute model 878:896 the sub-acute model 878:896 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 0 16 theme biomimetic 114:123 arg1 hydrogel 125:132 biomimetic hydrogel 114:132 biomimetic hydrogel 114:132 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 8 17 theme MI 1119:1120 arg1 models 1122:1127 sub-acute and chronic MI models 1097:1127 sub-acute and chronic MI models 1097:1127 For the disease progression, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels were injected to sub-acute and chronic MI models. 24856052 9 18 theme regeneration 1134:1145 arg1 activity 1147:1154 The regeneration activity 1130:1154 The regeneration activity 1130:1154 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 1 19 used used 153:156 arg2 Hydrogel 135:142 Hydrogel 135:142 Hydrogel 135:142 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 1 20 theme myocardial 175:184 arg1 vehicle 216:222 a delivery vehicle 205:222 a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors 205:251 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 1 20 theme myocardial 175:184 arg1 MI 198:199 MI 198:199 MI 198:199 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 1 20 theme myocardial 175:184 arg1 infraction 186:195 myocardial infraction 175:195 myocardial infraction (MI) 175:200 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 8 21 theme chronic 1111:1117 arg1 models 1122:1127 sub-acute and chronic MI models 1097:1127 sub-acute and chronic MI models 1097:1127 For the disease progression, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels were injected to sub-acute and chronic MI models. 24856052 9 22 theme major 1273:1277 arg1 determinants 1279:1290 major determinants 1273:1290 major determinants in the regeneration process 1273:1318 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 9 23 from determinants 1279:1290 arg1 process 1312:1318 the regeneration process 1295:1318 the regeneration process 1295:1318 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 8 24 theme disease 1033:1039 arg1 progression 1041:1051 the disease progression 1029:1051 the disease progression 1029:1051 For the disease progression, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels were injected to sub-acute and chronic MI models. 24856052 2 25 theme heart 382:386 arg1 tissue 388:393 the damaged infarcted heart tissue 360:393 the damaged infarcted heart tissue 360:393 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 6 26 theme histological 719:730 arg1 analysis 732:739 histological analysis 719:739 histological analysis 719:739 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel, functional analysis of the heart and histological analysis was assessed. 24856052 2 27 theme infarcted 372:380 arg1 tissue 388:393 the damaged infarcted heart tissue 360:393 the damaged infarcted heart tissue 360:393 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 0 28 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 regeneration 13:24 Differential regeneration 0:24 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction 0:49 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 7 29 theme infarcted 860:868 arg1 area 870:873 the infarcted area 856:873 the infarcted area 856:873 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 7 30 theme weight 780:785 arg1 hydrogels 796:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels 760:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa 760:838 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 2 31 theme damaged 364:370 arg1 tissue 388:393 the damaged infarcted heart tissue 360:393 the damaged infarcted heart tissue 360:393 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 0 32 theme myocardial 29:38 arg1 infarction 40:49 myocardial infarction 29:49 myocardial infarction 29:49 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 6 33 theme heart 709:713 arg1 analysis 693:700 functional analysis 682:700 functional analysis of the heart 682:713 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel, functional analysis of the heart and histological analysis was assessed. 24856052 6 33 theme heart 709:713 arg1 analysis 732:739 histological analysis 719:739 histological analysis 719:739 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel, functional analysis of the heart and histological analysis was assessed. 24856052 6 33 theme heart 709:713 arg1 weeks 647:651 Four weeks 642:651 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel 642:679 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel, functional analysis of the heart and histological analysis was assessed. 24856052 2 34 theme acid 299:302 arg1 hydrogels 315:323 injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 277:323 injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone 277:329 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 7 35 theme HA-based 787:794 arg1 hydrogels 796:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels 760:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa 760:838 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 3 36 theme regeneration 441:452 arg1 factors 430:436 two major factors 420:436 two major factors of regeneration in MI 420:458 We found that there are two major factors of regeneration in MI. 24856052 9 37 theme regeneration 1299:1310 arg1 process 1312:1318 the regeneration process 1295:1318 the regeneration process 1295:1318 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 0 38 theme hydrogel 125:132 arg1 composition 99:109 the composition 95:109 the composition of biomimetic hydrogel 95:132 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 0 38 theme hydrogel 125:132 arg1 progression 68:78 the progression 64:78 the progression of disease 64:89 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 2 39 theme hyaluronic 288:297 arg1 acid 299:302 injectable hyaluronic acid 277:302 injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone 277:329 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 2 39 theme hyaluronic 288:297 arg1 HA 305:306 HA 305:306 HA 305:306 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 7 40 theme different 760:768 arg1 hydrogels 796:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels 760:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa 760:838 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 10 41 theme hydrogel 1382:1389 arg1 time 1358:1361 injection time 1348:1361 injection time 1348:1361 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 10 41 theme hydrogel 1382:1389 arg1 points 1405:1410 two major points 1395:1410 two major points treating MI 1395:1422 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 10 41 theme hydrogel 1382:1389 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 4 42 theme MI 525:526 arg1 weight 478:483 molecular weight 468:483 molecular weight of HA 468:489 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 4 42 theme MI 525:526 arg1 another 495:501 another 495:501 another 495:501 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 4 42 theme MI 525:526 arg1 progression 510:520 the progression 506:520 the progression of MI 506:526 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 7 43 theme functional 990:999 arg1 recovery 1001:1008 functional recovery 990:1008 the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples 931:1022 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 7 44 theme molecular 770:778 arg1 hydrogels 796:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels 760:804 different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa 760:838 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 0 45 theme infarction 40:49 arg1 regeneration 13:24 Differential regeneration 0:24 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction 0:49 Differential regeneration of myocardial infarction depending on the progression of disease and the composition of biomimetic hydrogel. 24856052 9 46 theme chronic 1191:1197 arg1 models 1199:1204 the chronic models 1187:1204 the chronic models 1187:1204 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 3 47 from factors 430:436 arg1 MI 457:458 MI 457:458 MI 457:458 We found that there are two major factors of regeneration in MI. 24856052 1 48 theme delivery 207:214 arg1 vehicle 216:222 a delivery vehicle 205:222 a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors 205:251 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 1 48 theme delivery 207:214 arg1 infraction 186:195 myocardial infraction 175:195 myocardial infraction (MI) 175:200 Hydrogel has been used for regenerating myocardial infraction (MI) as a delivery vehicle for cells and growth factors. 24856052 8 49 theme HA-based 1061:1068 arg1 hydrogels 1070:1078 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels 1054:1078 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels 1054:1078 For the disease progression, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogels were injected to sub-acute and chronic MI models. 24856052 4 50 dep weight 478:483 arg1 chronic 543:549 chronic 543:549 chronic 543:549 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 4 50 dep weight 478:483 arg1 sub-acute 529:537 sub-acute 529:537 sub-acute 529:537 One is molecular weight of HA and another is the progression of MI; sub-acute and chronic. 24856052 7 51 with hydrogels 796:804 arg1 130 kDa 819:825 130 kDa 819:825 130 kDa 819:825 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 7 51 with hydrogels 796:804 arg1 170 kDa 832:838 170 kDa 832:838 170 kDa 832:838 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 7 51 with hydrogels 796:804 arg1 50 kDa 811:816 50 kDa 811:816 50 kDa 811:816 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 10 52 theme major 1399:1403 arg1 points 1405:1410 two major points 1395:1410 two major points treating MI 1395:1422 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 10 52 theme major 1399:1403 arg1 time 1358:1361 injection time 1348:1361 injection time 1348:1361 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 10 52 theme major 1399:1403 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 7 53 theme myocardium 968:977 arg1 recovery 1001:1008 functional recovery 990:1008 the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples 931:1022 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 7 53 theme myocardium 968:977 arg1 regeneration 952:963 the most significant regeneration 931:963 the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples 931:1022 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 6 54 theme functional 682:691 arg1 analysis 693:700 functional analysis 682:700 functional analysis of the heart 682:713 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel, functional analysis of the heart and histological analysis was assessed. 24856052 2 55 theme -based 308:313 arg1 hydrogels 315:323 injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 277:323 injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone 277:329 This study showed that injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels alone would effectively regenerate the damaged infarcted heart tissue. 24856052 7 56 theme significant 940:950 arg1 regeneration 952:963 the most significant regeneration 931:963 the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples 931:1022 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 24856052 9 57 theme injection 1222:1230 arg1 timing 1232:1237 injection timing 1222:1237 injection timing of the therapeutic agents 1222:1263 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 6 58 theme hydrogel 672:679 arg1 injection 659:667 injection 659:667 injection of hydrogel 659:679 Four weeks after injection of hydrogel, functional analysis of the heart and histological analysis was assessed. 24856052 10 59 theme injection 1348:1356 arg1 time 1358:1361 injection time 1348:1361 injection time 1348:1361 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 10 59 theme injection 1348:1356 arg1 points 1405:1410 two major points 1395:1410 two major points treating MI 1395:1422 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 10 59 theme injection 1348:1356 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 These results suggest that injection time and composition of hydrogel are two major points treating MI. 24856052 3 60 theme major 424:428 arg1 factors 430:436 two major factors 420:436 two major factors of regeneration in MI 420:458 We found that there are two major factors of regeneration in MI. 24856052 9 61 theme therapeutic 1246:1256 arg1 agents 1258:1263 the therapeutic agents 1242:1263 the therapeutic agents 1242:1263 The regeneration activity was significantly decreased in the chronic models reflecting that injection timing of the therapeutic agents is also major determinants in the regeneration process. 24856052 7 62 theme HA-based 906:913 arg1 hydrogel 915:922 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel 899:922 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel 899:922 When different molecular weight HA-based hydrogels with 50 kDa, 130 kDa, and 170 kDa were applied to the infarcted area in the sub-acute model, 50 kDa HA-based hydrogel showed the most significant regeneration of myocardium as well as functional recovery among samples. 26632777 14 0 theme fat 1561:1563 arg1 percentage 1565:1574 the body fat percentage 1552:1574 the body fat percentage 1552:1574 Body condition score correlated with the body fat percentage (R(2) = 0.7469). 26632777 6 1 theme radioiodinated 851:864 arg1 I-RhSA 893:898 (125)I-RhSA 888:898 (125)I-RhSA 888:898 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 1 theme radioiodinated 851:864 arg1 albumin 879:885 radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin 851:885 radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA) 851:899 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 1 theme radioiodinated 851:864 arg1 indicators 791:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 3 2 from factor 430:435 arg1 sex 483:485 sex 483:485 sex 483:485 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 2 from factor 430:435 arg1 variables 440:448 variables 440:448 variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition 440:510 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 2 from factor 430:435 arg1 condition 502:510 body condition 497:510 body condition 497:510 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 2 from factor 430:435 arg1 age 488:490 age 488:490 age 488:490 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 14 3 theme body 1556:1559 arg1 percentage 1565:1574 the body fat percentage 1552:1574 the body fat percentage 1552:1574 Body condition score correlated with the body fat percentage (R(2) = 0.7469). 26632777 5 4 theme crown-to-rump 739:751 arg1 length 753:758 crown-to-rump length 739:758 crown-to-rump length 739:758 We measured body composition by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, crown-to-rump length, and body condition score. 26632777 7 5 theme linear 1011:1016 arg1 regression 1018:1027 linear regression 1011:1027 linear regression 1011:1027 Plasma volume at time 0 was determined by linear regression. 26632777 0 6 from Measurement 0:10 arg1 mulatta 61:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 0 6 from Measurement 0:10 arg1 Macaques 44:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques 31:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) 31:68 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 14 7 theme Body 1515:1518 arg1 score 1530:1534 Body condition score 1515:1534 Body condition score 1515:1534 Body condition score correlated with the body fat percentage (R(2) = 0.7469). 26632777 12 8 theme optimal 1325:1331 arg1 score 1349:1353 'optimal' body condition score 1324:1353 'optimal' body condition score 1324:1353 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 5 9 theme condition 770:778 arg1 score 780:784 body condition score 765:784 body condition score 765:784 We measured body composition by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, crown-to-rump length, and body condition score. 26632777 13 10 theme 1 1437:1437 arg1 % 1438:1438 % 1438:1438 % 1438:1438 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 4 11 theme adult 578:582 arg1 macaques 591:598 20 adult rhesus macaques 575:598 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition 575:656 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 7 12 from time 986:989 arg1 volume 976:981 Plasma volume 969:981 Plasma volume at time 0 969:991 Plasma volume at time 0 was determined by linear regression. 26632777 5 13 theme body 671:674 arg1 composition 676:686 body composition 671:686 body composition 671:686 We measured body composition by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, crown-to-rump length, and body condition score. 26632777 2 14 theme blood 326:330 arg1 mL 333:334 blood (mL) 326:335 blood (mL) 326:335 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 13 15 theme body 1452:1455 arg1 fat 1457:1459 body fat 1452:1459 body fat 1452:1459 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 7 16 theme Plasma 969:974 arg1 volume 976:981 Plasma volume 969:981 Plasma volume at time 0 969:991 Plasma volume at time 0 was determined by linear regression. 26632777 6 17 theme rhesus 866:871 arg1 I-RhSA 893:898 (125)I-RhSA 888:898 (125)I-RhSA 888:898 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 17 theme rhesus 866:871 arg1 albumin 879:885 radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin 851:885 radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA) 851:899 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 17 theme rhesus 866:871 arg1 indicators 791:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 5 18 theme dual-energy 697:707 arg1 absorptiometry 715:728 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 697:728 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 697:728 We measured body composition by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, crown-to-rump length, and body condition score. 26632777 14 19 theme condition 1520:1528 arg1 score 1530:1534 Body condition score 1515:1534 Body condition score 1515:1534 Body condition score correlated with the body fat percentage (R(2) = 0.7469). 26632777 2 20 theme volume 277:282 arg1 limits 221:226 These limits 215:226 These limits 215:226 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 2 20 theme volume 277:282 arg1 percentage 257:266 a percentage 255:266 a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg) 255:356 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 5 21 theme X-ray 709:713 arg1 absorptiometry 715:728 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 697:728 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 697:728 We measured body composition by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, crown-to-rump length, and body condition score. 26632777 1 22 theme Most 71:74 arg1 facilities 87:96 Most biomedical facilities 71:96 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 71:138 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 6 23 theme hydroxyethyl 816:827 arg1 FITC-HES 837:844 FITC-HES 837:844 FITC-HES 837:844 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 23 theme hydroxyethyl 816:827 arg1 starch 829:834 FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch 803:834 FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) 803:845 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 23 theme hydroxyethyl 816:827 arg1 indicators 791:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 13 24 theme % 1438:1438 arg1 increase 1440:1447 Each 1% increase 1432:1447 Each 1% increase in body fat 1432:1459 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 2 25 theme blood 271:275 arg1 BV 285:286 BV 285:286 BV 285:286 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 2 25 theme blood 271:275 arg1 volume 277:282 blood volume 271:282 blood volume (BV) 271:287 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 11 26 theme body 1246:1249 arg1 fat 1251:1253 Percentage body fat 1235:1253 Percentage body fat 1235:1253 Percentage body fat was significantly associated with BV. 26632777 2 27 theme fixed 311:315 arg1 ratio 317:321 a fixed ratio 309:321 a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg) 309:356 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 0 28 theme Volume 21:26 arg1 Measurement 0:10 Measurement 0:10 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 0:69 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 4 29 theme macaques 591:598 arg1 BV 569:570 the BV 565:570 the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition 565:656 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 5 30 theme body 765:768 arg1 score 780:784 body condition score 765:784 body condition score 765:784 We measured body composition by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, crown-to-rump length, and body condition score. 26632777 1 31 theme biomedical 76:85 arg1 facilities 87:96 Most biomedical facilities 71:96 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 71:138 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 12 32 theme body 1334:1337 arg1 score 1349:1353 'optimal' body condition score 1324:1353 'optimal' body condition score 1324:1353 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 3 33 theme BV 359:360 arg1 ratios 373:378 BV estimation ratios 359:378 BV estimation ratios 359:378 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 2 34 theme body 341:344 arg1 kg 354:355 kg 354:355 kg 354:355 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 2 34 theme body 341:344 arg1 weight 346:351 body weight 341:351 body weight (kg) 341:356 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 12 35 theme mL/kg 1381:1385 arg1 BV 1387:1388 62.1 mL/kg BV 1376:1388 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA) 1376:1429 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 12 36 contain had 1355:1357 arg2 BV 1387:1388 62.1 mL/kg BV 1376:1388 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA) 1376:1429 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 12 36 contain had 1355:1357 arg1 Subjects 1293:1300 Subjects 1293:1300 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score 1293:1353 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 12 36 contain had 1355:1357 arg2 fat 1368:1370 body fat 1363:1370 body fat 1363:1370 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 13 37 from decrease 1499:1506 arg1 BV 1511:1512 BV 1511:1512 BV 1511:1512 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 4 38 dep macaques 591:598 arg1 male 604:607 10 male 601:607 10 male 601:607 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 4 38 dep macaques 591:598 arg1 female 613:618 10 female 610:618 10 female 610:618 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 3 39 theme estimation 362:371 arg1 ratios 373:378 BV estimation ratios 359:378 BV estimation ratios 359:378 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 0 40 theme Adult 31:35 arg1 mulatta 61:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 0 40 theme Adult 31:35 arg1 Macaques 44:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques 31:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) 31:68 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 12 41 theme 62.1 1376:1379 arg1 mL/kg 1381:1385 mL/kg 1381:1385 mL/kg 1381:1385 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 6 42 dep injected 907:914 arg1 followed 932:939 followed 932:939 followed by serial blood collection 932:966 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 4 43 theme dilution 531:538 arg1 methodology 540:550 indicator dilution methodology 521:550 indicator dilution methodology 521:550 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 2 44 theme mL 333:334 arg1 ratio 317:321 a fixed ratio 309:321 a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg) 309:356 These limits typically are expressed as a percentage of blood volume (BV), estimated by using a fixed ratio of blood (mL) per body weight (kg). 26632777 4 45 theme indicator 521:529 arg1 methodology 540:550 indicator dilution methodology 521:550 indicator dilution methodology 521:550 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 12 46 theme 18 1359:1360 arg1 % 1361:1361 % 1361:1361 % 1361:1361 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 3 47 theme body 497:500 arg1 variables 440:448 variables 440:448 variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition 440:510 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 47 theme body 497:500 arg1 condition 502:510 body condition 497:510 body condition 497:510 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 4 48 theme body 643:646 arg1 condition 648:656 body condition 643:656 body condition 643:656 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 12 49 dep FITC-HES 1394:1401 arg1 mL/kg 1409:1413 74.5 mL/kg 1404:1413 FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA 1394:1428 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 13 50 dep decrease 1499:1506 arg1 mL/kg 1493:1497 mL/kg 1493:1497 mL/kg 1493:1497 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 6 51 theme FITC-labeled 803:814 arg1 FITC-HES 837:844 FITC-HES 837:844 FITC-HES 837:844 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 51 theme FITC-labeled 803:814 arg1 starch 829:834 FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch 803:834 FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) 803:845 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 51 theme FITC-labeled 803:814 arg1 indicators 791:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 8 52 theme plasma 1057:1062 arg1 volume 1064:1069 the plasma volume 1053:1069 the plasma volume 1053:1069 BV was calculated from the plasma volume and Hct. 26632777 6 53 theme blood 951:955 arg1 collection 957:966 serial blood collection 944:966 serial blood collection 944:966 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 0 54 theme Rhesus 37:42 arg1 mulatta 61:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 0 54 theme Rhesus 37:42 arg1 Macaques 44:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques 31:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) 31:68 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 12 55 theme body 1363:1366 arg1 fat 1368:1370 body fat 1363:1370 body fat 1363:1370 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 15 56 theme condition 1656:1664 arg1 score 1666:1670 body condition score 1651:1670 body condition score 1651:1670 We provide an equation for calculating BV from weight and body condition score. 26632777 4 57 used used 516:519 arg2 We 513:514 We 513:514 We 513:514 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 6 58 theme serial 944:949 arg1 collection 957:966 serial blood collection 944:966 serial blood collection 944:966 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 12 59 theme % 1361:1361 arg1 fat 1368:1370 body fat 1363:1370 body fat 1363:1370 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 26632777 13 60 from increase 1440:1447 arg1 fat 1457:1459 body fat 1452:1459 body fat 1452:1459 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 1 61 theme rhesus 107:112 arg1 macaques 114:121 rhesus macaques 107:121 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 107:138 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 1 61 theme rhesus 107:112 arg1 mulatta 131:137 Macaca mulatta 124:137 Macaca mulatta 124:137 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 6 62 theme serum 873:877 arg1 I-RhSA 893:898 (125)I-RhSA 888:898 (125)I-RhSA 888:898 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 62 theme serum 873:877 arg1 albumin 879:885 radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin 851:885 radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA) 851:899 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 6 62 theme serum 873:877 arg1 indicators 791:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators 787:800 Two indicators, FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES) and radioiodinated rhesus serum albumin ((125)I-RhSA), were injected simultaneously, followed by serial blood collection. 26632777 13 63 dep mL/kg 1493:1497 arg1 1 1491:1491 1 1491:1491 1 1491:1491 Each 1% increase in body fat corresponded to approximately 1 mL/kg decrease in BV. 26632777 3 64 dep variables 440:448 arg1 age 488:490 age 488:490 age 488:490 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 64 dep variables 440:448 arg1 sex 483:485 sex 483:485 sex 483:485 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 64 dep variables 440:448 arg1 condition 502:510 body condition 497:510 body condition 497:510 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 3 64 dep variables 440:448 arg1 variables 440:448 variables 440:448 variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition 440:510 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 4 65 theme rhesus 584:589 arg1 macaques 591:598 20 adult rhesus macaques 575:598 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition 575:656 We used indicator dilution methodology to determine the BV of 20 adult rhesus macaques (10 male, 10 female) that varied widely in body condition. 26632777 0 66 theme Macaca 54:59 arg1 mulatta 61:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Macaca mulatta 54:67 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 0 66 theme Macaca 54:59 arg1 Macaques 44:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques 31:51 Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) 31:68 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 1 67 theme blood 160:164 arg1 amount 150:155 the amount 146:155 the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes 146:212 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 1 67 theme blood 160:164 arg1 blood 160:164 blood 160:164 blood 160:164 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 3 68 from BV 469:470 arg1 humans 475:480 humans 475:480 humans 475:480 BV estimation ratios vary widely among facilities and typically do not factor in variables known to influence BV in humans: sex, age, and body condition. 26632777 1 69 theme experimental 192:203 arg1 purposes 205:212 experimental purposes 192:212 experimental purposes 192:212 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 11 70 theme Percentage 1235:1244 arg1 fat 1251:1253 Percentage body fat 1235:1253 Percentage body fat 1235:1253 Percentage body fat was significantly associated with BV. 26632777 0 71 theme Blood 15:19 arg1 Volume 21:26 Blood Volume 15:26 Blood Volume 15:26 Measurement of Blood Volume in Adult Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 26632777 15 72 theme body 1651:1654 arg1 score 1666:1670 body condition score 1651:1670 body condition score 1651:1670 We provide an equation for calculating BV from weight and body condition score. 26632777 1 73 theme Macaca 124:129 arg1 macaques 114:121 rhesus macaques 107:121 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 107:138 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 1 73 theme Macaca 124:129 arg1 mulatta 131:137 Macaca mulatta 124:137 Macaca mulatta 124:137 Most biomedical facilities that use rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) limit the amount of blood that may be collected for experimental purposes. 26632777 12 74 theme condition 1339:1347 arg1 score 1349:1353 'optimal' body condition score 1324:1353 'optimal' body condition score 1324:1353 Subjects categorized as having 'optimal' body condition score had 18% body fat and 62.1 mL/kg BV (by FITC-HES; 74.5 mL/kg by (125)I-RhSA). 27329054 1 0 theme aqueous 266:272 arg1 solutions 274:282 aqueous solutions 266:282 aqueous solutions 266:282 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 6 1 theme covalent 948:955 arg1 forces 957:962 covalent forces 948:962 covalent forces 948:962 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 0 2 theme Dye 77:79 arg1 Removal 81:87 Reactive Red Dye Removal 64:87 Reactive Red Dye Removal 64:87 Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite as an Effective Adsorbent for Reactive Red Dye Removal. 27329054 3 3 theme parameters 444:453 arg1 effect 426:431 The effect 422:431 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) 422:508 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 1 4 theme adsorption 217:226 arg1 capacity 228:235 its adsorption capacity 213:235 its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions 213:282 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 6 5 theme order 759:763 arg1 model 765:769 The psuedo-second order model 741:769 The psuedo-second order model 741:769 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 6 5 theme order 759:763 arg1 model 793:797 the best model 784:797 the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces 784:962 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 4 6 theme maximum 537:543 arg1 capacity 556:563 The maximum adsorption capacity 533:563 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model 533:591 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 4 6 theme maximum 537:543 arg1 mg/g 615:618 32.16 mg/g 609:618 32.16 mg/g 609:618 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 6 7 theme psuedo-second 745:757 arg1 model 765:769 The psuedo-second order model 741:769 The psuedo-second order model 741:769 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 6 7 theme psuedo-second 745:757 arg1 model 793:797 the best model 784:797 the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces 784:962 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 5 8 theme equation 724:731 arg1 models 733:738 equation models 724:738 equation models 724:738 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 6 9 theme adsorption 807:816 arg1 system 818:823 the adsorption system 803:823 the adsorption system 803:823 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 1 10 from capacity 228:235 arg1 solutions 274:282 aqueous solutions 266:282 aqueous solutions 266:282 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 11 theme reduced 159:165 arg1 rGO 183:185 rGO 183:185 rGO 183:185 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 11 theme reduced 159:165 arg1 oxide 176:180 reduced graphene oxide 159:180 reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 159:186 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 12 theme graphene 167:174 arg1 rGO 183:185 rGO 183:185 rGO 183:185 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 12 theme graphene 167:174 arg1 oxide 176:180 reduced graphene oxide 159:180 reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 159:186 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 2 13 dep structure 321:329 arg1 The 317:319 The 317:319 The 317:319 The structure and morphology of the adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and TGA. 27329054 3 14 theme varying 436:442 arg1 parameters 444:453 varying parameters 436:453 varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) 436:508 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 14 theme varying 436:442 arg1 time 504:507 contact time 496:507 contact time 496:507 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 14 theme varying 436:442 arg1 temperature 460:470 temperature 460:470 temperature 460:470 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 14 theme varying 436:442 arg1 loading 483:489 adsorbent loading 473:489 adsorbent loading 473:489 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 14 theme varying 436:442 arg1 pH 456:457 pH 456:457 pH 456:457 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 1 15 theme oxide 176:180 arg1 dosages 124:130 different dosages 114:130 different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 114:186 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 2 16 theme adsorbents 353:362 arg1 morphology 335:344 morphology 335:344 morphology 335:344 The structure and morphology of the adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and TGA. 27329054 2 16 theme adsorbents 353:362 arg1 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 The structure and morphology of the adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and TGA. 27329054 1 17 theme reactive 241:248 arg1 RR 255:256 RR 255:256 RR 255:256 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 17 theme reactive 241:248 arg1 dye 259:261 reactive red (RR) dye 241:261 reactive red (RR) dye 241:261 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 18 dep oxide 144:148 arg1 GO 151:152 GO 151:152 GO 151:152 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 19 theme red 250:252 arg1 RR 255:256 RR 255:256 RR 255:256 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 1 19 theme red 250:252 arg1 dye 259:261 reactive red (RR) dye 241:261 reactive red (RR) dye 241:261 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 6 20 theme rate-limiting 894:906 arg1 step 908:911 the chemical rate-limiting step 881:911 the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces 881:962 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 5 21 theme experimental 634:645 arg1 data 655:658 experimental kinetic data 634:658 experimental kinetic data 634:658 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 3 22 theme adsorbent 473:481 arg1 parameters 444:453 varying parameters 436:453 varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) 436:508 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 22 theme adsorbent 473:481 arg1 loading 483:489 adsorbent loading 473:489 adsorbent loading 473:489 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 5 23 theme psuedo-second 704:716 arg1 order 718:722 psuedo-second order 704:722 psuedo-second order 704:722 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 5 24 theme kinetic 647:653 arg1 data 655:658 experimental kinetic data 634:658 experimental kinetic data 634:658 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 4 25 theme Langmuir 578:585 arg1 model 587:591 the Langmuir model 574:591 the Langmuir model 574:591 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 1 26 theme different 114:122 arg1 dosages 124:130 different dosages 114:130 different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 114:186 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 6 27 theme best 788:791 arg1 model 765:769 The psuedo-second order model 741:769 The psuedo-second order model 741:769 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 6 27 theme best 788:791 arg1 model 793:797 the best model 784:797 the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces 784:962 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 4 28 theme adsorption 545:554 arg1 capacity 556:563 The maximum adsorption capacity 533:563 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model 533:591 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 4 28 theme adsorption 545:554 arg1 mg/g 615:618 32.16 mg/g 609:618 32.16 mg/g 609:618 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 4 29 theme 32.16 609:613 arg1 capacity 556:563 The maximum adsorption capacity 533:563 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model 533:591 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 4 29 theme 32.16 609:613 arg1 mg/g 615:618 32.16 mg/g 609:618 32.16 mg/g 609:618 The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model was found to be 32.16 mg/g. 27329054 3 30 theme contact 496:502 arg1 parameters 444:453 varying parameters 436:453 varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) 436:508 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 30 theme contact 496:502 arg1 time 504:507 contact time 496:507 contact time 496:507 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 31 dep parameters 444:453 arg1 parameters 444:453 varying parameters 436:453 varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) 436:508 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 31 dep parameters 444:453 arg1 time 504:507 contact time 496:507 contact time 496:507 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 31 dep parameters 444:453 arg1 temperature 460:470 temperature 460:470 temperature 460:470 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 31 dep parameters 444:453 arg1 loading 483:489 adsorbent loading 473:489 adsorbent loading 473:489 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 3 31 dep parameters 444:453 arg1 pH 456:457 pH 456:457 pH 456:457 The effect of varying parameters (pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, and contact time) was also investigated. 27329054 0 32 theme Red 73:75 arg1 Removal 81:87 Reactive Red Dye Removal 64:87 Reactive Red Dye Removal 64:87 Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite as an Effective Adsorbent for Reactive Red Dye Removal. 27329054 6 33 theme chemical 885:892 arg1 step 908:911 the chemical rate-limiting step 881:911 the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces 881:962 The psuedo-second order model proved to be the best model for the adsorption system, which suggested that adsorption might be controlled by the chemical rate-limiting step through sharing of electrons or by covalent forces. 27329054 0 34 dep Oxide 18:22 arg1 Composite 24:32 Composite 24:32 Composite 24:32 Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite as an Effective Adsorbent for Reactive Red Dye Removal. 27329054 5 35 theme psuedo-first 681:692 arg1 order 694:698 psuedo-first order 681:698 psuedo-first order 681:698 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 1 36 theme graphene 135:142 arg1 oxide 144:148 graphene oxide 135:148 graphene oxide (GO) 135:153 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 27329054 0 37 theme Reactive 64:71 arg1 Removal 81:87 Reactive Red Dye Removal 64:87 Reactive Red Dye Removal 64:87 Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite as an Effective Adsorbent for Reactive Red Dye Removal. 27329054 5 38 dep order 694:698 arg1 models 733:738 equation models 724:738 equation models 724:738 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 5 38 dep order 694:698 arg1 the 677:679 the 677:679 the 677:679 In addition, experimental kinetic data were analyzed by the psuedo-first order and psuedo-second order equation models. 27329054 1 39 theme oxide 144:148 arg1 dosages 124:130 different dosages 114:130 different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 114:186 Chitosan, modified with different dosages of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was first prepared, and its adsorption capacity for reactive red (RR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, in this paper. 28439671 0 0 theme colored 86:92 arg1 proteins 94:101 colored proteins 86:101 colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose 86:152 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 4 1 theme ideal 1025:1029 arg1 alternative 1031:1041 an ideal alternative 1022:1041 an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag 1022:1065 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 4 1 theme ideal 1025:1029 arg1 TEVp 989:992 the TEVp 985:992 the TEVp immobilized on the resin 985:1017 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 4 2 theme RAC 980:982 arg1 capacity 964:971 high binding capacity 951:971 high binding capacity 951:971 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 4 2 theme RAC 980:982 arg1 cost 942:945 low cost 938:945 low cost 938:945 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 4 3 theme fusion 1056:1061 arg1 tag 1063:1065 fusion tag 1056:1065 fusion tag 1056:1065 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 2 4 theme enhanced 608:615 arg1 stability 617:625 enhanced stability 608:625 enhanced stability 608:625 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 3 5 theme released 796:803 arg1 proteins 812:819 the released target proteins 792:819 the released target proteins 792:819 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 2 6 theme repetitive 631:640 arg1 use 642:644 repetitive use 631:644 repetitive use 631:644 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 1 7 theme on-resin 426:433 arg1 cleavage 435:442 on-resin cleavage 426:442 on-resin cleavage 426:442 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 8 theme affinity 262:269 arg1 tag 271:273 the affinity tag 258:273 the affinity tag 258:273 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 2 9 theme immobilized 653:663 arg1 TEVp 665:668 the immobilized TEVp 649:668 the immobilized TEVp 649:668 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 2 10 theme soluble 733:739 arg1 substrate 749:757 the soluble protein substrate 729:757 the soluble protein substrate 729:757 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 3 11 theme tag 862:864 arg1 context 840:846 the context 836:846 the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein 836:926 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 3 12 theme fusion 855:860 arg1 tag 862:864 the fusion tag 851:864 the fusion tag 851:864 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 1 13 theme immobilized 510:520 arg1 protease 530:537 the immobilized cognate protease 506:537 the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC 506:601 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 3 14 theme colored 912:918 arg1 protein 920:926 the colored protein 908:926 the colored protein 908:926 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 3 15 theme protein 920:926 arg1 context 840:846 the context 836:846 the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein 836:926 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 4 16 theme binding 956:962 arg1 capacity 964:971 high binding capacity 951:971 high binding capacity 951:971 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 1 17 theme cognate 522:528 arg1 protease 530:537 the immobilized cognate protease 506:537 the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC 506:601 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 18 theme fusion 175:180 arg1 proteins 182:189 four fusion proteins 170:189 four fusion proteins 170:189 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 0 19 theme etch 8:11 arg1 protease 19:26 Tobacco etch virus protease 0:26 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module 0:77 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 1 20 theme free 454:457 arg1 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 20 theme free 454:457 arg1 protease 478:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease 450:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant 450:500 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 2 21 dep stability 617:625 arg1 The 604:606 The 604:606 The 604:606 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 0 22 theme Tobacco 0:6 arg1 protease 19:26 Tobacco etch virus protease 0:26 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module 0:77 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 2 23 theme catalytic 701:709 arg1 efficiency 711:720 the catalytic efficiency 697:720 the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate 697:757 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 1 24 theme tobacco 459:465 arg1 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 24 theme tobacco 459:465 arg1 protease 478:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease 450:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant 450:500 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 3 25 theme linker 884:889 arg1 composition 891:901 the incorporated linker composition 867:901 the incorporated linker composition 867:901 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 0 26 theme amorphous 134:142 arg1 cellulose 144:152 the regenerated amorphous cellulose 118:152 the regenerated amorphous cellulose 118:152 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 1 27 theme etch 467:470 arg1 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 27 theme etch 467:470 arg1 protease 478:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease 450:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant 450:500 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 2 28 theme protein 741:747 arg1 substrate 749:757 the soluble protein substrate 729:757 the soluble protein substrate 729:757 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 0 29 theme virus 13:17 arg1 protease 19:26 Tobacco etch virus protease 0:26 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module 0:77 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 0 30 theme regenerated 122:132 arg1 cellulose 144:152 the regenerated amorphous cellulose 118:152 the regenerated amorphous cellulose 118:152 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 1 31 theme C-terminal 360:369 arg1 proteins 379:386 the C-terminal colored proteins 356:386 the C-terminal colored proteins 356:386 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 3 32 theme incorporated 871:882 arg1 composition 891:901 the incorporated linker composition 867:901 the incorporated linker composition 867:901 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 1 33 theme binding 546:552 arg1 capacity 554:561 a binding capacity 544:561 a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein 544:585 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 2 34 theme efficiency 711:720 arg1 loss 689:692 slight loss 682:692 slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate 682:757 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 1 35 theme colored 371:377 arg1 proteins 379:386 the C-terminal colored proteins 356:386 the C-terminal colored proteins 356:386 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 3 36 theme proteins 812:819 arg1 cleavage 769:776 On-resin cleavage 760:776 On-resin cleavage 760:776 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 3 36 theme proteins 812:819 arg1 purity 782:787 purity 782:787 purity 782:787 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 4 37 theme low 938:940 arg1 cost 942:945 low cost 938:945 low cost 938:945 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 1 38 theme regenerated 298:308 arg1 RAC 331:333 RAC 331:333 RAC 331:333 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 38 theme regenerated 298:308 arg1 cellulose 320:328 the regenerated amorphous cellulose 294:328 the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) 294:334 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 5 39 theme on-resin 1117:1124 arg1 process 1126:1132 the on-resin process 1113:1132 the on-resin process of fusion proteins 1113:1151 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 1 40 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 release 345:351 the release 341:351 the release of the C-terminal colored proteins 341:386 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 41 theme virus 472:476 arg1 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 TEVp 488:491 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 41 theme virus 472:476 arg1 protease 478:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease 450:485 the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant 450:500 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 4 42 theme high 951:954 arg1 capacity 964:971 high binding capacity 951:971 high binding capacity 951:971 Owing to low cost and high binding capacity of the RAC, the TEVp immobilized on the resin is an ideal alternative for removing fusion tag. 28439671 1 43 theme amorphous 310:318 arg1 RAC 331:333 RAC 331:333 RAC 331:333 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 43 theme amorphous 310:318 arg1 cellulose 320:328 the regenerated amorphous cellulose 294:328 the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) 294:334 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 44 theme protease 478:485 arg1 variant 494:500 the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant 450:500 the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant 450:500 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 5 45 theme colored 1072:1078 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 The colored proteins 1068:1087 The colored proteins 1068:1087 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 5 46 theme proteins 1144:1151 arg1 process 1126:1132 the on-resin process 1113:1132 the on-resin process of fusion proteins 1113:1151 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 5 46 theme proteins 1144:1151 arg1 separation 1164:1173 rapid separation 1158:1173 rapid separation from RAC 1158:1182 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 1 47 with protease 530:537 arg1 capacity 554:561 a binding capacity 544:561 a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein 544:585 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 5 48 from RAC 1180:1182 arg1 process 1126:1132 the on-resin process 1113:1132 the on-resin process of fusion proteins 1113:1151 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 5 48 from RAC 1180:1182 arg1 separation 1164:1173 rapid separation 1158:1173 rapid separation from RAC 1158:1182 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 1 49 theme up 566:567 arg1 capacity 554:561 a binding capacity 544:561 a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein 544:585 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 5 50 theme fusion 1137:1142 arg1 proteins 1144:1151 fusion proteins 1137:1151 fusion proteins 1137:1151 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 2 51 theme TEVp 665:668 arg1 stability 617:625 enhanced stability 608:625 enhanced stability 608:625 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 2 51 theme TEVp 665:668 arg1 use 642:644 repetitive use 631:644 repetitive use 631:644 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 3 52 theme composition 891:901 arg1 context 840:846 the context 836:846 the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein 836:926 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 3 53 theme target 805:810 arg1 proteins 812:819 the released target proteins 792:819 the released target proteins 792:819 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 1 54 theme N-terminal 219:228 arg1 module 248:253 the N-terminal cellulose-binding module 215:253 the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag 215:273 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 0 55 theme module 72:77 arg1 cleavage 38:45 cleavage 38:45 cleavage of the cellulose-binding module 38:77 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 1 56 dep designed 196:203 arg1 immobilized 279:289 immobilized 279:289 was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) 275:334 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 56 dep designed 196:203 arg1 detected 392:399 detected 392:399 was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC 388:601 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 57 theme 220 mg 572:577 arg1 protein 579:585 220 mg protein 572:585 220 mg protein 572:585 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 1 58 theme cellulose-binding 230:246 arg1 module 248:253 the N-terminal cellulose-binding module 215:253 the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag 215:273 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 0 59 theme cellulose-binding 54:70 arg1 module 72:77 the cellulose-binding module 50:77 the cellulose-binding module 50:77 Tobacco etch virus protease mediating cleavage of the cellulose-binding module tagged colored proteins immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose. 28439671 3 60 theme On-resin 760:767 arg1 cleavage 769:776 On-resin cleavage 760:776 On-resin cleavage 760:776 On-resin cleavage and purity of the released target proteins are related to the context of the fusion tag, the incorporated linker composition, and the colored protein. 28439671 2 61 theme slight 682:687 arg1 loss 689:692 slight loss 682:692 slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate 682:757 The enhanced stability and repetitive use of the immobilized TEVp compensated slight loss of the catalytic efficiency toward the soluble protein substrate. 28439671 1 62 theme RAC 599:601 arg1 gram 591:594 gram 591:594 gram of RAC 591:601 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 28439671 5 63 theme rapid 1158:1162 arg1 separation 1164:1173 rapid separation 1158:1173 rapid separation from RAC 1158:1182 The colored proteins are easily monitored in the on-resin process of fusion proteins, and rapid separation from RAC. 28439671 1 64 with variant 494:500 arg1 capacity 554:561 a binding capacity 544:561 a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein 544:585 In this study, four fusion proteins were designed, in which the N-terminal cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag was immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and the release of the C-terminal colored proteins was detected easily and rapidly after on-resin cleavage using the free tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) variant, or the immobilized cognate protease with a binding capacity of up to 220 mg protein per gram of RAC. 27474588 5 0 theme dry 547:549 arg1 foils 551:555 The dry foils 543:555 The dry foils 543:555 The dry foils were stored in a closed container. 27474588 6 1 theme transmission 613:624 arg1 microscopy 635:644 transmission electron microscopy 613:644 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 613:650 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 6 1 theme transmission 613:624 arg1 TEM 647:649 TEM 647:649 TEM 647:649 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 1 2 theme nanoparticles 160:172 arg1 preparation 138:148 the preparation 134:148 the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 134:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 7 3 theme molecular 958:966 arg1 weights 968:974 molecular weights 958:974 molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix 958:1013 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 4 4 theme Teflon 496:501 arg1 surface 503:509 a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface 470:509 a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface 470:509 The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. 27474588 4 5 from left 515:518 arg1 air 538:540 the air 534:540 the air 534:540 The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. 27474588 7 6 theme exclusion 1044:1052 arg1 chromatography 1054:1067 the size exclusion chromatography 1035:1067 the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI) 1035:1160 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 1 7 theme embedded 174:181 arg1 nanoparticles 160:172 silver nanoparticles 153:172 silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 153:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 6 8 dep Fourier 656:662 arg1 transform 664:672 transform 664:672 transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 664:696 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 7 9 theme size 1039:1042 arg1 chromatography 1054:1067 the size exclusion chromatography 1035:1067 the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI) 1035:1160 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 2 10 theme Ag 336:337 arg1 synthesis 323:331 an in situ synthesis 312:331 an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal) 312:389 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 1 11 from embedded 174:181 arg1 matrix 243:248 hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 186:248 matrix 243:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 1 11 from embedded 174:181 arg1 Hyal/Ag 198:204 hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 186:248 Hyal/Ag 198:204 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 7 12 theme composites 832:841 arg1 properties 814:823 Thermal properties 806:823 Thermal properties of the composites 806:841 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 8 13 from increase 1166:1173 arg1 weight 1192:1197 the molecular weight 1178:1197 the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles 1178:1253 An increase in the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles was observed. 27474588 10 14 theme environmentally 1387:1401 arg1 method 1412:1417 environmentally friendly method 1387:1417 environmentally friendly method 1387:1417 The study confirmed that silver nanoparticles can be successfully prepared with environmentally friendly method, using hyaluronan as a stabilizing template. 27474588 7 15 theme differential 872:883 arg1 DSC 907:909 DSC 907:909 DSC 907:909 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 7 15 theme differential 872:883 arg1 calorimetry 894:904 differential scanning calorimetry 872:904 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 872:910 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 6 16 dep infrared 674:681 arg1 FTIR 684:687 FTIR 684:687 FTIR 684:687 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 2 17 theme in 315:316 arg1 synthesis 323:331 an in situ synthesis 312:331 an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal) 312:389 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 7 18 theme refractometric 1120:1133 arg1 HPSEC-MALLS-RI 1146:1159 HPSEC-MALLS-RI 1146:1159 HPSEC-MALLS-RI 1146:1159 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 7 18 theme refractometric 1120:1133 arg1 detectors 1135:1143 refractometric detectors 1120:1143 refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI) 1120:1160 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 10 19 theme friendly 1403:1410 arg1 method 1412:1417 environmentally friendly method 1387:1417 environmentally friendly method 1387:1417 The study confirmed that silver nanoparticles can be successfully prepared with environmentally friendly method, using hyaluronan as a stabilizing template. 27474588 2 20 from synthesis 323:331 arg1 Hyal 385:388 Hyal 385:388 Hyal 385:388 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 2 20 from synthesis 323:331 arg1 solution 353:360 an aqueous solution 342:360 an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal) 342:389 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 2 21 theme hyaluronate 372:382 arg1 Hyal 385:388 Hyal 385:388 Hyal 385:388 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 2 21 theme hyaluronate 372:382 arg1 solution 353:360 an aqueous solution 342:360 an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal) 342:389 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 6 22 theme polysaccharide 781:794 arg1 template 796:803 the polysaccharide template 777:803 the polysaccharide template 777:803 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 7 23 theme thermogravimetric 916:932 arg1 analyses 940:947 thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses 916:947 thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses 916:947 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 6 24 theme UV-vis 592:597 arg1 spectroscopy 599:610 UV-vis spectroscopy 592:610 UV-vis spectroscopy 592:610 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 1 25 theme hyaluronan 186:195 arg1 Hyal/Ag 198:204 hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 186:248 Hyal/Ag 198:204 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 4 26 dep clean 472:476 arg1 defatted 487:494 defatted 487:494 defatted 487:494 The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. 27474588 4 26 dep clean 472:476 arg1 smooth 479:484 smooth 479:484 smooth 479:484 The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. 27474588 1 27 theme facile 88:93 arg1 method 124:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method 86:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 86:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 7 28 theme multiangle 1082:1091 arg1 scattering 1105:1114 multiangle laser light scattering 1082:1114 multiangle laser light scattering 1082:1114 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 7 29 theme matrix 1008:1013 arg1 chains 994:999 polysaccharide chains 979:999 polysaccharide chains of the matrix 979:1013 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 6 30 theme infrared 674:681 arg1 spectra 690:696 infrared (FTIR) spectra 674:696 infrared (FTIR) spectra 674:696 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 2 31 dep in 315:316 arg1 situ 318:321 situ 318:321 situ 318:321 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 2 32 dep Thin 265:268 arg1 elastic 271:277 elastic 271:277 elastic 271:277 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 7 33 theme laser 1093:1097 arg1 scattering 1105:1114 multiangle laser light scattering 1082:1114 multiangle laser light scattering 1082:1114 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 4 34 theme clean 472:476 arg1 surface 503:509 a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface 470:509 a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface 470:509 The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. 27474588 7 35 theme chains 994:999 arg1 weights 968:974 molecular weights 958:974 molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix 958:1013 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 7 36 theme scanning 885:892 arg1 DSC 907:909 DSC 907:909 DSC 907:909 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 7 36 theme scanning 885:892 arg1 calorimetry 894:904 differential scanning calorimetry 872:904 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 872:910 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 1 37 theme environmentally 99:113 arg1 method 124:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method 86:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 86:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 7 38 theme light 1099:1103 arg1 scattering 1105:1114 multiangle laser light scattering 1082:1114 multiangle laser light scattering 1082:1114 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 9 39 theme specific 1286:1293 arg1 properties 1295:1304 specific properties 1286:1304 specific properties 1286:1304 The foils showed specific properties. 27474588 1 40 theme friendly 115:122 arg1 method 124:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method 86:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 86:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 4 41 from air 538:540 arg1 left 515:518 left 515:518 left 515:518 The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. 27474588 0 42 theme Ag 44:45 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 0 42 theme Ag 44:45 arg1 Formation 0:8 Formation 0:8 Formation 0:8 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 6 43 theme situated 761:768 arg1 nanoparticles 747:759 about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles 721:759 about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template 721:803 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 8 44 theme molecular 1182:1190 arg1 weight 1192:1197 the molecular weight 1178:1197 the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles 1178:1253 An increase in the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles was observed. 27474588 1 45 theme hyaluronan-lecithin 211:229 arg1 matrix 243:248 hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 186:248 matrix 243:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 0 46 theme hyaluronan/nano 28:42 arg1 Ag 44:45 hyaluronan/nano Ag 28:45 hyaluronan/nano Ag 28:45 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 7 47 theme polysaccharide 979:992 arg1 chains 994:999 polysaccharide chains 979:999 polysaccharide chains of the matrix 979:1013 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 6 48 theme nanoparticles 747:759 arg1 formation 708:716 formation 708:716 formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template 708:803 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 8 49 theme Ag 1238:1239 arg1 nanoparticles 1241:1253 Ag nanoparticles 1238:1253 Ag nanoparticles 1238:1253 An increase in the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles was observed. 27474588 0 50 theme hyaluronan-lecithin/nano 51:74 arg1 films 79:83 hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films 51:83 hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films 51:83 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 1 51 from matrix 243:248 arg1 embedded 174:181 embedded 174:181 embedded 174:181 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 6 52 theme Ag 744:745 arg1 nanoparticles 747:759 about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles 721:759 about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template 721:803 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 10 53 theme stabilizing 1442:1452 arg1 hyaluronan 1426:1435 hyaluronan 1426:1435 hyaluronan 1426:1435 The study confirmed that silver nanoparticles can be successfully prepared with environmentally friendly method, using hyaluronan as a stabilizing template. 27474588 10 53 theme stabilizing 1442:1452 arg1 template 1454:1461 a stabilizing template 1440:1461 a stabilizing template 1440:1461 The study confirmed that silver nanoparticles can be successfully prepared with environmentally friendly method, using hyaluronan as a stabilizing template. 27474588 12 54 theme bacteriostatic 1586:1599 arg1 activity 1601:1608 a bacteriostatic activity 1584:1608 a bacteriostatic activity 1584:1608 The composites demonstrated a bacteriostatic activity. 27474588 6 55 theme ball-shaped 732:742 arg1 nanoparticles 747:759 about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles 721:759 about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template 721:803 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 3 56 dep d- 402:403 arg1 + 405:405 + 405:405 + 405:405 d-(+)-xylose solution as a reducing agent. 27474588 3 57 theme reducing 429:436 arg1 solution 415:422 solution 415:422 solution 415:422 d-(+)-xylose solution as a reducing agent. 27474588 3 57 theme reducing 429:436 arg1 agent 438:442 a reducing agent 427:442 a reducing agent 427:442 d-(+)-xylose solution as a reducing agent. 27474588 10 58 theme silver 1332:1337 arg1 nanoparticles 1339:1351 silver nanoparticles 1332:1351 silver nanoparticles 1332:1351 The study confirmed that silver nanoparticles can be successfully prepared with environmentally friendly method, using hyaluronan as a stabilizing template. 27474588 5 59 theme closed 574:579 arg1 container 581:589 a closed container 572:589 a closed container 572:589 The dry foils were stored in a closed container. 27474588 7 60 theme TGA 935:937 arg1 analyses 940:947 thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses 916:947 thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses 916:947 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 8 61 theme nanoparticles 1241:1253 arg1 generation 1224:1233 generation 1224:1233 generation of Ag nanoparticles 1224:1253 An increase in the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles was observed. 27474588 11 62 theme Hyaluronan 1464:1473 arg1 matrices 1499:1506 Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices 1464:1506 Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices 1464:1506 Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices provide nanocrystals uniform in size and shape. 27474588 1 63 theme Hyal-L/Ag 232:240 arg1 matrix 243:248 hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 186:248 matrix 243:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 2 64 theme Thin 265:268 arg1 foils 279:283 Thin, elastic foils 265:283 Thin, elastic foils 265:283 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 1 65 theme preparation 138:148 arg1 method 124:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method 86:129 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 86:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 7 66 theme Thermal 806:812 arg1 properties 814:823 Thermal properties 806:823 Thermal properties of the composites 806:841 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 0 67 theme films 79:83 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 0 67 theme films 79:83 arg1 Formation 0:8 Formation 0:8 Formation 0:8 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 8 68 theme hyaluronate 1206:1216 arg1 weight 1192:1197 the molecular weight 1178:1197 the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles 1178:1253 An increase in the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles was observed. 27474588 11 69 theme hyaluronan-lecithin 1479:1497 arg1 matrices 1499:1506 Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices 1464:1506 Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices 1464:1506 Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices provide nanocrystals uniform in size and shape. 27474588 1 70 from Hyal/Ag 198:204 arg1 embedded 174:181 embedded 174:181 embedded 174:181 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 27474588 2 71 theme aqueous 345:351 arg1 Hyal 385:388 Hyal 385:388 Hyal 385:388 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 2 71 theme aqueous 345:351 arg1 solution 353:360 an aqueous solution 342:360 an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal) 342:389 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 2 72 theme sodium 365:370 arg1 hyaluronate 372:382 sodium hyaluronate 365:382 sodium hyaluronate 365:382 Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. 27474588 0 73 theme Ag 76:77 arg1 films 79:83 hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films 51:83 hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films 51:83 Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films. 27474588 7 74 dep characterized 848:860 arg1 whereas 950:956 whereas 950:956 whereas 950:956 Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). 27474588 6 75 theme electron 626:633 arg1 microscopy 635:644 transmission electron microscopy 613:644 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 613:650 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 6 75 theme electron 626:633 arg1 TEM 647:649 TEM 647:649 TEM 647:649 UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. 27474588 1 76 theme silver 153:158 arg1 nanoparticles 160:172 silver nanoparticles 153:172 silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix 153:248 A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. 22777833 6 0 theme femoral 883:889 arg1 condyles 891:898 rabbit femoral condyles 876:898 rabbit femoral condyles 876:898 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 4 1 theme tissue 645:650 arg1 engineering 652:662 osteochondral tissue engineering 631:662 osteochondral tissue engineering 631:662 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 3 2 theme ceramic 482:488 arg1 GCBB 503:506 GCBB 503:506 GCBB 503:506 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 3 2 theme ceramic 482:488 arg1 bone 497:500 ceramic bovine bone 482:500 ceramic bovine bone (GCBB) 482:507 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 11 3 used used 1823:1826 arg2 scaffold 1675:1682 a novel scaffold 1667:1682 a novel scaffold 1667:1682 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 0 4 theme defects 85:91 arg1 Construction 0:11 Construction 0:11 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 0:57 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 0 4 theme defects 85:91 arg1 repair 63:68 repair 63:68 repair of large joint defects in rabbit 63:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 5 5 theme large 816:820 arg1 defects 822:828 repair large defects 809:828 repair large defects in rabbit joints 809:845 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 3 6 theme bovine 490:495 arg1 GCBB 503:506 GCBB 503:506 GCBB 503:506 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 3 6 theme bovine 490:495 arg1 bone 497:500 ceramic bovine bone 482:500 ceramic bovine bone (GCBB) 482:507 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 4 7 theme bilayered 528:536 arg1 GCH-GCBB 548:555 GCH-GCBB 548:555 GCH-GCBB 548:555 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 4 7 theme bilayered 528:536 arg1 scaffold 538:545 a 3D bilayered scaffold 523:545 a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB) 523:556 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 11 8 theme bottom 1783:1788 arg1 layer 1790:1794 a bottom layer 1781:1794 a bottom layer composed of GCBB 1781:1811 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 0 9 from Construction 0:11 arg1 rabbit 96:101 rabbit 96:101 rabbit 96:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 11 10 theme large 1838:1842 arg1 defects 1858:1864 large osteochondral defects 1838:1864 large osteochondral defects in joints 1838:1874 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 5 11 from defects 822:828 arg1 joints 840:845 rabbit joints 833:845 rabbit joints 833:845 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 6 12 theme cell-free 1029:1037 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 cell-free scaffolds 1029:1047 cell-free scaffolds (group B) 1029:1057 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 12 theme cell-free 1029:1037 arg1 B 1056:1056 group B 1050:1056 group B 1050:1056 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 13 theme group 1050:1054 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 cell-free scaffolds 1029:1047 cell-free scaffolds (group B) 1029:1057 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 13 theme group 1050:1054 arg1 B 1056:1056 group B 1050:1056 group B 1050:1056 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 14 dep treated 930:936 arg1 A 988:988 group A 982:988 group A 982:988 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 11 15 theme osteochondral 1844:1856 arg1 defects 1858:1864 large osteochondral defects 1838:1864 large osteochondral defects in joints 1838:1874 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 6 16 dep untreated 1076:1084 arg1 untreated 1076:1084 untreated 1076:1084 untreated 1076:1084 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 16 dep untreated 1076:1084 arg1 C 1093:1093 group C 1087:1093 group C 1087:1093 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 16 dep untreated 1076:1084 arg1 others 1064:1069 the others 1060:1069 the others 1060:1069 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 2 17 theme integrated 280:289 arg1 layers 291:296 two distinct but integrated layers 263:296 two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components 263:347 The scaffold includes two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components. 22777833 5 18 theme marrow 780:785 arg1 BMSCs 799:803 BMSCs 799:803 BMSCs 799:803 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 5 18 theme marrow 780:785 arg1 cells 792:796 bone marrow stem cells 775:796 bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) 775:804 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 5 19 theme study 685:689 arg1 purpose 669:675 The purpose 665:675 The purpose of this study 665:689 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 0 20 from repair 63:68 arg1 rabbit 96:101 rabbit 96:101 rabbit 96:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 11 21 theme native 1759:1764 arg1 cartilage 1766:1774 native cartilage 1759:1774 native cartilage 1759:1774 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 1 22 theme heterogeneous/bilayered 150:172 arg1 scaffold 174:181 a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold 119:181 a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold 119:181 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 3 23 theme upper 354:358 arg1 layer 360:364 The upper layer 350:364 The upper layer 350:364 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 2 24 theme distinct 267:274 arg1 layers 291:296 two distinct but integrated layers 263:296 two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components 263:347 The scaffold includes two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components. 22777833 6 25 theme group 982:986 arg1 A 988:988 group A 982:988 group A 982:988 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 7 26 theme hyaline-like 1127:1138 arg1 formation 1150:1158 A hyaline-like cartilage formation 1125:1158 A hyaline-like cartilage formation 1125:1158 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 2 27 theme cartilage 319:327 arg1 components 338:347 the cartilage and bone components 315:347 the cartilage and bone components 315:347 The scaffold includes two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components. 22777833 7 28 theme high-level 1297:1306 arg1 expression 1308:1317 high-level expression 1297:1317 high-level expression 1297:1317 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 11 29 theme novel 1669:1673 arg1 scaffold 1675:1682 a novel scaffold 1667:1682 a novel scaffold 1667:1682 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 3 30 theme chondroitin 387:397 arg1 sulphate 399:406 chondroitin sulphate 387:406 chondroitin sulphate 387:406 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 9 31 located observed 1471:1478 arg1 areas 1488:1492 some areas 1483:1492 some areas 1483:1492 At 36 weeks, GCBB was completely resorbed and a tidemark was observed in some areas. 22777833 9 31 located observed 1471:1478 arg2 tidemark 1458:1465 a tidemark 1456:1465 a tidemark 1456:1465 At 36 weeks, GCBB was completely resorbed and a tidemark was observed in some areas. 22777833 0 32 theme osteochondral 34:46 arg1 composites 48:57 tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 16:57 tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 16:57 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 11 33 theme mechanical 1723:1732 arg1 properties 1734:1743 mechanical properties 1723:1743 mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage 1723:1774 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 11 34 theme GCH 1711:1713 arg1 layer 1790:1794 a bottom layer 1781:1794 a bottom layer composed of GCBB 1781:1811 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 11 34 theme GCH 1711:1713 arg1 layer 1702:1706 a top layer 1696:1706 a top layer of GCH 1696:1713 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 10 35 theme tissue 1583:1588 arg1 amount 1565:1570 a great amount 1557:1570 a great amount of fibrous tissue 1557:1588 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 10 35 theme tissue 1583:1588 arg1 tissue 1583:1588 fibrous tissue 1575:1588 fibrous tissue 1575:1588 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 1 36 dep three-dimensional 127:143 arg1 3D 146:147 3D 146:147 3D 146:147 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 3 37 theme lower 446:450 arg1 layer 452:456 the lower layer 442:456 the lower layer 442:456 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 0 38 theme tissue-engineered 16:32 arg1 composites 48:57 tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 16:57 tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 16:57 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 4 39 theme 3D 525:526 arg1 GCH-GCBB 548:555 GCH-GCBB 548:555 GCH-GCBB 548:555 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 4 39 theme 3D 525:526 arg1 scaffold 538:545 a 3D bilayered scaffold 523:545 a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB) 523:556 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 10 40 theme cartilage 1533:1541 arg1 formation 1543:1551 no cartilage formation 1530:1551 no cartilage formation 1530:1551 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 4 41 theme osteochondral 631:643 arg1 engineering 652:662 osteochondral tissue engineering 631:662 osteochondral tissue engineering 631:662 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 7 42 theme type 1253:1256 arg1 collagen 1261:1268 type II collagen 1253:1268 type II collagen 1253:1268 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 5 43 theme bone 775:778 arg1 marrow 780:785 bone marrow 775:785 bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) 775:804 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 3 44 theme sodium 412:417 arg1 GCH 432:434 GCH 432:434 GCH 432:434 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 3 44 theme sodium 412:417 arg1 hyaluronate 419:429 sodium hyaluronate 412:429 sodium hyaluronate (GCH) 412:435 The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). 22777833 6 45 theme rabbit 876:881 arg1 condyles 891:898 rabbit femoral condyles 876:898 rabbit femoral condyles 876:898 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 0 46 from defects 85:91 arg1 rabbit 96:101 rabbit 96:101 rabbit 96:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 7 47 theme cartilage 1140:1148 arg1 formation 1150:1158 A hyaline-like cartilage formation 1125:1158 A hyaline-like cartilage formation 1125:1158 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 1 48 theme large 209:213 arg1 defects 215:221 large defects 209:221 large defects in rabbit joints 209:238 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 0 49 theme composites 48:57 arg1 Construction 0:11 Construction 0:11 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 0:57 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 0 49 theme composites 48:57 arg1 repair 63:68 repair 63:68 repair of large joint defects in rabbit 63:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 7 50 located detected 1275:1282 arg2 cartilage 1224:1232 the newly formed cartilage 1207:1232 the newly formed cartilage 1207:1232 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 7 50 located detected 1275:1282 arg1 expression 1308:1317 high-level expression 1297:1317 high-level expression 1297:1317 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 11 51 from defects 1858:1864 arg1 joints 1869:1874 joints 1869:1874 joints 1869:1874 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 10 52 theme fibrous 1575:1581 arg1 tissue 1583:1588 fibrous tissue 1575:1588 fibrous tissue 1575:1588 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 5 53 theme stem 787:790 arg1 BMSCs 799:803 BMSCs 799:803 BMSCs 799:803 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 5 53 theme stem 787:790 arg1 cells 792:796 bone marrow stem cells 775:796 bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) 775:804 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 4 54 theme osteochondral 584:596 arg1 scaffold 618:625 a scaffold 616:625 a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering 616:662 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 4 54 theme osteochondral 584:596 arg1 matrix 598:603 the natural osteochondral matrix 572:603 the natural osteochondral matrix for use 572:611 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 5 55 theme novel 728:732 arg1 scaffold 734:741 this novel scaffold 723:741 this novel scaffold 723:741 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 8 56 theme underlying 1388:1397 arg1 cartilage 1399:1407 the underlying cartilage 1384:1407 the underlying cartilage 1384:1407 Most of the GCBB was replaced by bone, while little remained in the underlying cartilage. 22777833 6 57 theme same 947:950 arg1 scaffold 952:959 the same scaffold 943:959 the same scaffold combined with cells 943:979 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 7 58 theme formed 1217:1222 arg1 cartilage 1224:1232 the newly formed cartilage 1207:1232 the newly formed cartilage 1207:1232 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 1 59 from defects 215:221 arg1 joints 233:238 rabbit joints 226:238 rabbit joints 226:238 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 5 60 theme scaffold 734:741 arg1 efficacy 711:718 the efficacy 707:718 the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints 707:845 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 6 61 theme large 859:863 arg1 defects 865:871 Thirty-six large defects 848:871 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles 848:898 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 62 theme group 1087:1091 arg1 untreated 1076:1084 untreated 1076:1084 untreated 1076:1084 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 62 theme group 1087:1091 arg1 C 1093:1093 group C 1087:1093 group C 1087:1093 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 6 62 theme group 1087:1091 arg1 others 1064:1069 the others 1060:1069 the others 1060:1069 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 5 63 theme rabbit 833:838 arg1 joints 840:845 rabbit joints 833:845 rabbit joints 833:845 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 10 64 theme great 1559:1563 arg1 amount 1565:1570 a great amount 1557:1570 a great amount of fibrous tissue 1557:1588 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 10 64 theme great 1559:1563 arg1 tissue 1583:1588 fibrous tissue 1575:1588 fibrous tissue 1575:1588 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 6 65 theme Thirty-six 848:857 arg1 defects 865:871 Thirty-six large defects 848:871 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles 848:898 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 11 66 theme comparable 1745:1754 arg1 properties 1734:1743 mechanical properties 1723:1743 mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage 1723:1774 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 2 67 theme bone 333:336 arg1 components 338:347 the cartilage and bone components 315:347 the cartilage and bone components 315:347 The scaffold includes two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components. 22777833 6 68 from defects 865:871 arg1 condyles 891:898 rabbit femoral condyles 876:898 rabbit femoral condyles 876:898 Thirty-six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell-free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). 22777833 7 69 located observed 1169:1176 arg1 12 weeks 1106:1113 12 weeks 1106:1113 12 weeks 1106:1113 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 7 69 located observed 1169:1176 arg1 group 1119:1123 group 1119:1123 group 1119:1123 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 7 69 located observed 1169:1176 arg1 6 1100:1100 6 1100:1100 6 1100:1100 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 7 69 located observed 1169:1176 arg2 formation 1150:1158 A hyaline-like cartilage formation 1125:1158 A hyaline-like cartilage formation 1125:1158 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 10 70 theme bone 1610:1613 arg1 formation 1615:1623 only a little bone formation 1596:1623 only a little bone formation 1596:1623 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 1 71 theme novel 121:125 arg1 scaffold 174:181 a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold 119:181 a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold 119:181 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 1 72 theme rabbit 226:231 arg1 joints 233:238 rabbit joints 226:238 rabbit joints 226:238 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 0 73 theme joint 79:83 arg1 defects 85:91 large joint defects 73:91 large joint defects in rabbit 73:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 0 74 from rabbit 96:101 arg1 Construction 0:11 Construction 0:11 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites 0:57 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 0 74 from rabbit 96:101 arg1 repair 63:68 repair 63:68 repair of large joint defects in rabbit 63:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 10 75 theme little 1603:1608 arg1 formation 1615:1623 only a little bone formation 1596:1623 only a little bone formation 1596:1623 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 4 76 theme natural 576:582 arg1 scaffold 618:625 a scaffold 616:625 a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering 616:662 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 4 76 theme natural 576:582 arg1 matrix 598:603 the natural osteochondral matrix 572:603 the natural osteochondral matrix for use 572:611 The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH-GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. 22777833 1 77 theme three-dimensional 127:143 arg1 scaffold 174:181 a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold 119:181 a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold 119:181 In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 7 78 theme histological 1181:1192 arg1 examination 1194:1204 histological examination 1181:1204 histological examination 1181:1204 At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline-like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT-PCR at high-level expression. 22777833 11 79 theme top 1698:1700 arg1 layer 1702:1706 a top layer 1696:1706 a top layer of GCH 1696:1713 In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. 22777833 0 80 theme large 73:77 arg1 defects 85:91 large joint defects 73:91 large joint defects in rabbit 73:101 Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit. 22777833 5 81 theme repair 809:814 arg1 defects 822:828 repair large defects 809:828 repair large defects in rabbit joints 809:845 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. 22777833 10 82 dep groups 1508:1513 arg1 groups 1508:1513 groups B and C 1508:1521 groups B and C 1508:1521 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 10 82 dep groups 1508:1513 arg1 C 1521:1521 C 1521:1521 C 1521:1521 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 22777833 10 82 dep groups 1508:1513 arg1 B 1515:1515 B 1515:1515 B 1515:1515 In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. 25570848 0 0 theme enhanced 76:83 arg1 properties 96:105 enhanced mechanical properties 76:105 enhanced mechanical properties 76:105 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 1 1 theme osteoconductive 146:160 arg1 properties 162:171 osteoconductive properties 146:171 osteoconductive properties 146:171 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 0 2 theme mechanical 85:94 arg1 properties 96:105 enhanced mechanical properties 76:105 enhanced mechanical properties 76:105 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 4 3 theme Physico-chemical 444:459 arg1 properties 461:470 Physico-chemical properties 444:470 Physico-chemical properties 444:470 Physico-chemical properties, cytocompatability and cellular functionality of the nanocomposites were assayed. 25570848 2 4 theme CPCs 378:381 arg1 properties 364:373 the mechanical properties 349:373 the mechanical properties of CPCs 349:381 This study investigated the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs. 25570848 4 5 theme nanocomposites 525:538 arg1 cytocompatability 473:489 cytocompatability 473:489 cytocompatability 473:489 Physico-chemical properties, cytocompatability and cellular functionality of the nanocomposites were assayed. 25570848 4 5 theme nanocomposites 525:538 arg1 functionality 504:516 cellular functionality 495:516 cellular functionality 495:516 Physico-chemical properties, cytocompatability and cellular functionality of the nanocomposites were assayed. 25570848 4 5 theme nanocomposites 525:538 arg1 properties 461:470 Physico-chemical properties 444:470 Physico-chemical properties 444:470 Physico-chemical properties, cytocompatability and cellular functionality of the nanocomposites were assayed. 25570848 1 6 dep phosphate 116:124 arg1 cements 126:132 cements 126:132 cements 126:132 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 2 7 theme additive 280:287 arg1 effect 289:294 the additive effect 276:294 the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs 276:381 This study investigated the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs. 25570848 0 8 theme calcium 15:21 arg1 bone 51:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 1 9 with phosphate 116:124 arg1 properties 162:171 osteoconductive properties 146:171 osteoconductive properties 146:171 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 2 10 theme HNTs 341:344 arg1 effect 289:294 the additive effect 276:294 the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs 276:381 This study investigated the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs. 25570848 0 11 theme Osteoinductive 0:13 arg1 bone 51:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 0 12 theme clay 33:36 arg1 bone 51:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 5 13 theme CPCs 658:661 arg1 applications 642:653 the applications 638:653 the applications of CPCs 638:661 Results suggest that these nanoenhanced composites have a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs. 25570848 3 14 with tubes 403:407 arg1 composition 431:441 alumino-silicate composition 414:441 alumino-silicate composition 414:441 HNTs are nanosized tubes with alumino-silicate composition. 25570848 3 15 theme nanosized 393:401 arg1 tubes 403:407 nanosized tubes 393:407 nanosized tubes with alumino-silicate composition 393:441 HNTs are nanosized tubes with alumino-silicate composition. 25570848 3 15 theme nanosized 393:401 arg1 HNTs 384:387 HNTs 384:387 HNTs 384:387 HNTs are nanosized tubes with alumino-silicate composition. 25570848 1 16 theme Calcium 108:114 arg1 phosphate 116:124 Calcium phosphate cements 108:132 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties 108:171 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 1 16 theme Calcium 108:114 arg1 CPCs 135:138 CPCs 135:138 CPCs 135:138 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 4 17 theme cellular 495:502 arg1 functionality 504:516 cellular functionality 495:516 cellular functionality 495:516 Physico-chemical properties, cytocompatability and cellular functionality of the nanocomposites were assayed. 25570848 0 18 theme nanoparticle 38:49 arg1 bone 51:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 5 19 theme huge 612:615 arg1 potential 617:625 a huge potential 610:625 a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs 610:661 Results suggest that these nanoenhanced composites have a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs. 25570848 3 20 theme alumino-silicate 414:429 arg1 composition 431:441 alumino-silicate composition 414:441 alumino-silicate composition 414:441 HNTs are nanosized tubes with alumino-silicate composition. 25570848 2 21 theme mechanical 353:362 arg1 properties 364:373 the mechanical properties 349:373 the mechanical properties of CPCs 349:381 This study investigated the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs. 25570848 2 22 from effect 289:294 arg1 properties 364:373 the mechanical properties 349:373 the mechanical properties of CPCs 349:381 This study investigated the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs. 25570848 1 23 theme poor 224:227 arg1 properties 240:249 their poor mechanical properties 218:249 their poor mechanical properties 218:249 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 5 24 theme nanoenhanced 581:592 arg1 composites 594:603 these nanoenhanced composites 575:603 these nanoenhanced composites 575:603 Results suggest that these nanoenhanced composites have a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs. 25570848 1 25 theme mechanical 229:238 arg1 properties 240:249 their poor mechanical properties 218:249 their poor mechanical properties 218:249 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. 25570848 0 26 theme phosphate 23:31 arg1 bone 51:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone 0:54 Osteoinductive calcium phosphate clay nanoparticle bone cements (CPCs) with enhanced mechanical properties. 25570848 5 27 contain have 605:608 arg2 potential 617:625 a huge potential 610:625 a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs 610:661 Results suggest that these nanoenhanced composites have a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs. 25570848 5 27 contain have 605:608 arg1 composites 594:603 these nanoenhanced composites 575:603 these nanoenhanced composites 575:603 Results suggest that these nanoenhanced composites have a huge potential to broaden the applications of CPCs. 25781707 3 0 theme adsorption 313:322 arg1 attribute 404:412 the critical quality attribute 383:412 the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment 383:458 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 3 0 theme adsorption 313:322 arg1 power 324:328 The adsorption power 309:328 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension 309:365 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 8 1 theme adsorption 977:986 arg1 power 988:992 adsorption power 977:992 adsorption power 977:992 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 1 2 theme drug 135:138 arg1 product 140:146 a new drug product 129:146 a new drug product containing activated charcoal 129:176 In this study, a new drug product containing activated charcoal was designed and developed. 25781707 9 3 theme composition 1082:1092 arg1 selection 1057:1065 selection 1057:1065 selection of the optimal composition of excipients 1057:1106 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 6 4 contain containing 718:727 arg2 amount 741:746 the largest amount 729:746 the largest amount of liquid flavour 729:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 6 4 contain containing 718:727 arg2 flavour 758:764 liquid flavour 751:764 liquid flavour 751:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 6 4 contain containing 718:727 arg1 Formulations 705:716 Formulations 705:716 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour 705:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 4 5 theme prognostic 473:482 arg1 p<0.05 492:497 p<0.05 492:497 p<0.05 492:497 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 4 5 theme prognostic 473:482 arg1 models 484:489 Significant prognostic models 461:489 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) 461:498 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 4 6 theme adsorption 588:597 arg1 power 599:603 the adsorption power 584:603 the adsorption power of the formulation 584:622 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 0 7 theme design 97:102 arg1 approach 104:111 a mixture design approach 87:111 a mixture design approach 87:111 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 5 8 theme adsorption 669:678 arg1 power 680:684 the adsorption power 665:684 the adsorption power of the suspension 665:702 Liquid flavour had a critical impact on the adsorption power of the suspension. 25781707 8 9 theme slight 885:890 arg1 increase 892:899 A slight increase 883:899 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium 883:947 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 2 10 theme mixture 284:290 arg1 approach 299:306 a mixture design approach 282:306 a mixture design approach 282:306 The excipient levels in the pharmaceutical formulation were optimized using a mixture design approach. 25781707 9 11 theme excipients 1097:1106 arg1 composition 1082:1092 the optimal composition 1070:1092 the optimal composition of excipients 1070:1106 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 0 12 theme mixture 89:95 arg1 approach 104:111 a mixture design approach 87:111 a mixture design approach 87:111 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 5 13 theme Liquid 625:630 arg1 flavour 632:638 Liquid flavour 625:638 Liquid flavour 625:638 Liquid flavour had a critical impact on the adsorption power of the suspension. 25781707 6 14 theme largest 733:739 arg1 amount 741:746 the largest amount 729:746 the largest amount of liquid flavour 729:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 6 14 theme largest 733:739 arg1 flavour 758:764 liquid flavour 751:764 liquid flavour 751:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 5 15 contain had 640:642 arg2 impact 655:660 a critical impact 644:660 a critical impact 644:660 Liquid flavour had a critical impact on the adsorption power of the suspension. 25781707 5 15 contain had 640:642 arg1 flavour 632:638 Liquid flavour 625:638 Liquid flavour 625:638 Liquid flavour had a critical impact on the adsorption power of the suspension. 25781707 3 16 theme activated 337:345 arg1 suspension 356:365 the activated charcoal suspension 333:365 the activated charcoal suspension 333:365 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 7 17 theme activated 833:841 arg1 charcoal 843:850 activated charcoal 833:850 activated charcoal 833:850 Sorbitol was not adsorbed onto activated charcoal so strongly as liquid flavour. 25781707 3 18 theme medical 442:448 arg1 treatment 450:458 medical treatment 442:458 medical treatment 442:458 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 3 19 theme charcoal 347:354 arg1 suspension 356:365 the activated charcoal suspension 333:365 the activated charcoal suspension 333:365 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 7 20 theme liquid 867:872 arg1 Sorbitol 802:809 Sorbitol 802:809 Sorbitol 802:809 Sorbitol was not adsorbed onto activated charcoal so strongly as liquid flavour. 25781707 7 20 theme liquid 867:872 arg1 flavour 874:880 liquid flavour 867:880 liquid flavour 867:880 Sorbitol was not adsorbed onto activated charcoal so strongly as liquid flavour. 25781707 1 21 theme activated 159:167 arg1 charcoal 169:176 activated charcoal 159:176 activated charcoal 159:176 In this study, a new drug product containing activated charcoal was designed and developed. 25781707 5 22 theme critical 646:653 arg1 impact 655:660 a critical impact 644:660 a critical impact 644:660 Liquid flavour had a critical impact on the adsorption power of the suspension. 25781707 2 23 from levels 220:225 arg1 formulation 249:259 the pharmaceutical formulation 230:259 the pharmaceutical formulation 230:259 The excipient levels in the pharmaceutical formulation were optimized using a mixture design approach. 25781707 3 24 theme critical 387:394 arg1 attribute 404:412 the critical quality attribute 383:412 the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment 383:458 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 3 24 theme critical 387:394 arg1 power 324:328 The adsorption power 309:328 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension 309:365 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 9 25 theme final 1113:1117 arg1 product 1124:1130 a final drug product 1111:1130 a final drug product 1111:1130 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 9 26 theme obtained 999:1006 arg1 models 1021:1026 The obtained mathematical models 995:1026 The obtained mathematical models 995:1026 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 4 27 theme excipient 563:571 arg1 levels 573:578 excipient levels 563:578 excipient levels 563:578 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 9 28 theme mathematical 1008:1019 arg1 models 1021:1026 The obtained mathematical models 995:1026 The obtained mathematical models 995:1026 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 4 29 theme Significant 461:471 arg1 p<0.05 492:497 p<0.05 492:497 p<0.05 492:497 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 4 29 theme Significant 461:471 arg1 models 484:489 Significant prognostic models 461:489 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) 461:498 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 2 30 theme design 292:297 arg1 approach 299:306 a mixture design approach 282:306 a mixture design approach 282:306 The excipient levels in the pharmaceutical formulation were optimized using a mixture design approach. 25781707 8 31 theme sodium 942:947 arg1 content 908:914 the content 904:914 the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium 904:947 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 0 32 theme activated 36:44 arg1 composition 66:76 the activated charcoal suspension composition 32:76 the activated charcoal suspension composition 32:76 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 0 33 theme composition 66:76 arg1 optimization 16:27 optimization 16:27 optimization 16:27 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 0 33 theme composition 66:76 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 8 34 from increase 892:899 arg1 content 908:914 the content 904:914 the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium 904:947 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 8 35 theme carboxymethylcellulose 919:940 arg1 sodium 942:947 carboxymethylcellulose sodium 919:947 carboxymethylcellulose sodium 919:947 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 9 36 theme drug 1119:1122 arg1 product 1124:1130 a final drug product 1111:1130 a final drug product 1111:1130 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 6 37 theme adsorption 784:793 arg1 power 795:799 the lowest adsorption power 773:799 the lowest adsorption power 773:799 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 8 38 from decrease 965:972 arg1 power 988:992 adsorption power 977:992 adsorption power 977:992 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 3 39 theme quality 396:402 arg1 attribute 404:412 the critical quality attribute 383:412 the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment 383:458 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 3 39 theme quality 396:402 arg1 power 324:328 The adsorption power 309:328 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension 309:365 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 3 40 theme suspension 356:365 arg1 attribute 404:412 the critical quality attribute 383:412 the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment 383:458 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 3 40 theme suspension 356:365 arg1 power 324:328 The adsorption power 309:328 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension 309:365 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 1 41 contain containing 148:157 arg2 charcoal 169:176 activated charcoal 159:176 activated charcoal 159:176 In this study, a new drug product containing activated charcoal was designed and developed. 25781707 1 41 contain containing 148:157 arg1 product 140:146 a new drug product 129:146 a new drug product containing activated charcoal 129:176 In this study, a new drug product containing activated charcoal was designed and developed. 25781707 2 42 theme excipient 210:218 arg1 levels 220:225 The excipient levels 206:225 The excipient levels in the pharmaceutical formulation 206:259 The excipient levels in the pharmaceutical formulation were optimized using a mixture design approach. 25781707 6 43 theme lowest 777:782 arg1 power 795:799 the lowest adsorption power 773:799 the lowest adsorption power 773:799 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 0 44 theme charcoal 46:53 arg1 composition 66:76 the activated charcoal suspension composition 32:76 the activated charcoal suspension composition 32:76 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 8 45 theme marked 958:963 arg1 decrease 965:972 a marked decrease 956:972 a marked decrease in adsorption power 956:992 A slight increase in the content of carboxymethylcellulose sodium led to a marked decrease in adsorption power. 25781707 5 46 theme suspension 693:702 arg1 power 680:684 the adsorption power 665:684 the adsorption power of the suspension 665:702 Liquid flavour had a critical impact on the adsorption power of the suspension. 25781707 6 47 theme flavour 758:764 arg1 amount 741:746 the largest amount 729:746 the largest amount of liquid flavour 729:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 6 47 theme flavour 758:764 arg1 flavour 758:764 liquid flavour 751:764 liquid flavour 751:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 4 48 theme formulation 612:622 arg1 levels 573:578 excipient levels 563:578 excipient levels 563:578 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 4 48 theme formulation 612:622 arg1 power 599:603 the adsorption power 584:603 the adsorption power of the formulation 584:622 Significant prognostic models (p<0.05) were obtained to describe in detail the interrelations between excipient levels and the adsorption power of the formulation. 25781707 2 49 theme pharmaceutical 234:247 arg1 formulation 249:259 the pharmaceutical formulation 230:259 the pharmaceutical formulation 230:259 The excipient levels in the pharmaceutical formulation were optimized using a mixture design approach. 25781707 6 50 theme liquid 751:756 arg1 flavour 758:764 liquid flavour 751:764 liquid flavour 751:764 Formulations containing the largest amount of liquid flavour showed the lowest adsorption power. 25781707 3 51 theme treatment 450:458 arg1 efficacy 430:437 the efficacy 426:437 the efficacy of medical treatment 426:458 The adsorption power of the activated charcoal suspension was selected as the critical quality attribute influencing the efficacy of medical treatment. 25781707 9 52 theme response 1032:1039 arg1 surface 1041:1047 response surface 1032:1047 response surface 1032:1047 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25781707 0 53 theme suspension 55:64 arg1 composition 66:76 the activated charcoal suspension composition 32:76 the activated charcoal suspension composition 32:76 Development and optimization of the activated charcoal suspension composition based on a mixture design approach. 25781707 1 54 theme new 131:133 arg1 product 140:146 a new drug product 129:146 a new drug product containing activated charcoal 129:176 In this study, a new drug product containing activated charcoal was designed and developed. 25781707 9 55 theme optimal 1074:1080 arg1 composition 1082:1092 the optimal composition 1070:1092 the optimal composition of excipients 1070:1106 The obtained mathematical models and response surface allowed selection of the optimal composition of excipients in a final drug product. 25586744 6 0 theme tailspike 788:796 arg1 gene 798:801 the BTP1 phage tailspike gene 773:801 the BTP1 phage tailspike gene 773:801 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 10 1 theme BTP1 1393:1396 arg1 receptor 1414:1421 the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor 1389:1421 the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor 1389:1421 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 8 2 theme gene 964:967 arg1 Expression 932:941 Expression 932:941 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene 932:967 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 2 3 theme prophage 381:388 arg1 BTP1 390:393 prophage BTP1 381:393 prophage BTP1 381:393 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 10 4 with consistent 1317:1326 arg1 model 1335:1339 a model 1333:1339 a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor 1333:1545 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 4 5 theme BTP 560:562 arg1 mutant 569:574 a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 554:574 a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 554:574 GtrC(BTP) (1) is essential for maintaining O-antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant yields a short O-antigen. 25586744 8 6 theme conditions 1136:1145 arg1 variety 1125:1131 a variety 1123:1131 a variety of conditions 1123:1145 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 8 6 theme conditions 1136:1145 arg1 conditions 1136:1145 conditions 1136:1145 conditions 1136:1145 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 4 7 theme O-antigen 512:520 arg1 length 522:527 O-antigen length 512:527 O-antigen length 512:527 GtrC(BTP) (1) is essential for maintaining O-antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant yields a short O-antigen. 25586744 6 8 theme BTP 721:723 arg1 mutant 730:735 the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 713:735 the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 713:735 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 6 9 theme mutant 730:735 arg1 O-antigen 700:708 The short O-antigen 690:708 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 690:735 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 6 10 from deletion 761:768 arg1 chromosome 817:826 the D23580 chromosome 806:826 the D23580 chromosome 806:826 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 6 11 theme BTP1 777:780 arg1 gene 798:801 the BTP1 phage tailspike gene 773:801 the BTP1 phage tailspike gene 773:801 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 10 12 from modification 1373:1384 arg1 D23580 1436:1441 lysogenic D23580 1426:1441 lysogenic D23580 1426:1441 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 8 13 dep expression 988:997 arg1 contrast 976:983 contrast 976:983 contrast 976:983 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 6 14 theme gtr 717:719 arg1 mutant 730:735 the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 713:735 the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 713:735 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 2 15 dep lineage 311:317 arg1 this 306:309 this 306:309 this 306:309 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 8 16 theme operons 1017:1023 arg1 expression 988:997 expression 988:997 expression of many other gtr operons 988:1023 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 0 17 theme O-antigen 107:115 arg1 composition 77:87 composition 77:87 composition 77:87 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 0 17 theme O-antigen 107:115 arg1 length 93:98 length 93:98 length 93:98 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 10 18 theme receptor 1414:1421 arg1 modification 1373:1384 modification 1373:1384 modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580 1373:1441 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 10 19 theme same 1520:1523 arg1 co-receptor 1535:1545 the same O-antigen co-receptor 1516:1545 the same O-antigen co-receptor 1516:1545 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 10 20 theme lysogenic 1426:1434 arg1 D23580 1436:1441 lysogenic D23580 1426:1441 lysogenic D23580 1426:1441 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 8 21 theme transcriptional 1061:1075 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 transcriptional analysis 1061:1084 transcriptional analysis 1061:1084 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 8 22 theme many 1002:1005 arg1 operons 1017:1023 many other gtr operons 1002:1023 many other gtr operons 1002:1023 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 0 23 attach present 21:27 arg1 Salmonella 55:64 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 32:64 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 32:64 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 0 23 attach present 21:27 arg2 gene 16:19 A BTP1 prophage gene 0:19 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 0:64 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 2 24 theme differences 286:296 arg1 One 275:277 One 275:277 One 275:277 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 2 24 theme differences 286:296 arg1 differences 286:296 the differences 282:296 the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 282:360 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 2 24 theme differences 286:296 arg1 presence 369:376 the presence 365:376 the presence of prophage BTP1 365:393 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 4 25 dep essential 486:494 arg1 1 480:480 1 480:480 1 480:480 GtrC(BTP) (1) is essential for maintaining O-antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant yields a short O-antigen. 25586744 8 26 theme other 1007:1011 arg1 operons 1017:1023 many other gtr operons 1002:1023 many other gtr operons 1002:1023 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 0 27 theme BTP1 2:5 arg1 gene 16:19 A BTP1 prophage gene 0:19 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 0:64 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 0 28 from present 21:27 arg1 Salmonella 55:64 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 32:64 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 32:64 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 8 29 theme gtrC 950:953 arg1 gene 964:967 the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene 946:967 the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene 946:967 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 2 30 theme S. Typhimurium 338:351 arg1 isolates 353:360 other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 323:360 other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 323:360 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 1 31 theme identified 204:213 arg1 lineage 221:227 a recently identified ST313 lineage 193:227 a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS) 193:272 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 6 32 theme phage 782:786 arg1 gene 798:801 the BTP1 phage tailspike gene 773:801 the BTP1 phage tailspike gene 773:801 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 9 33 theme GtrC 1162:1165 arg1 expression 1176:1185 GtrC(BTP) (1) expression 1162:1185 GtrC(BTP) (1) expression 1162:1185 Additionally, GtrC(BTP) (1) expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. 25586744 6 34 theme short 694:698 arg1 O-antigen 700:708 The short O-antigen 690:708 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 690:735 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 2 35 theme non-iNTS 329:336 arg1 isolates 353:360 other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 323:360 other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 323:360 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 1 36 theme ST313 215:219 arg1 lineage 221:227 a recently identified ST313 lineage 193:227 a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS) 193:272 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 8 37 theme BTP 955:957 arg1 gene 964:967 the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene 946:967 the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene 946:967 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 9 38 theme BTP1 1245:1248 arg1 infection 1256:1264 BTP1 phage infection 1245:1264 BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain 1245:1299 Additionally, GtrC(BTP) (1) expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. 25586744 2 39 theme other 323:327 arg1 isolates 353:360 other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 323:360 other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 323:360 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 7 40 theme tailspike 834:842 arg1 protein 844:850 This tailspike protein 829:850 This tailspike protein 829:850 This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O-antigen cleavage. 25586744 4 41 theme short 585:589 arg1 O-antigen 591:599 a short O-antigen 583:599 a short O-antigen 583:599 GtrC(BTP) (1) is essential for maintaining O-antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant yields a short O-antigen. 25586744 0 42 theme prophage 7:14 arg1 gene 16:19 A BTP1 prophage gene 0:19 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 0:64 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 4 43 theme gtr 556:558 arg1 mutant 569:574 a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 554:574 a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant 554:574 GtrC(BTP) (1) is essential for maintaining O-antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant yields a short O-antigen. 25586744 10 44 theme other 1494:1498 arg1 phage 1500:1504 other phage 1494:1504 other phage 1494:1504 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 7 45 contain has 852:854 arg2 domain 884:889 a putative endorhamnosidase domain 856:889 a putative endorhamnosidase domain 856:889 This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O-antigen cleavage. 25586744 7 45 contain has 852:854 arg1 protein 844:850 This tailspike protein 829:850 This tailspike protein 829:850 This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O-antigen cleavage. 25586744 10 46 theme O-antigen 1404:1412 arg1 receptor 1414:1421 the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor 1389:1421 the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor 1389:1421 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 9 47 theme susceptible 1282:1292 arg1 strain 1294:1299 an otherwise susceptible strain 1269:1299 an otherwise susceptible strain 1269:1299 Additionally, GtrC(BTP) (1) expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. 25586744 3 48 theme O-antigen 445:453 arg1 modification 455:466 O-antigen modification 445:466 O-antigen modification 445:466 This prophage encodes a gtrC gene, implicated in O-antigen modification. 25586744 1 49 theme invasive 232:239 arg1 iNTS 268:271 iNTS 268:271 iNTS 268:271 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 1 49 theme invasive 232:239 arg1 Salmonellae 255:265 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae 232:265 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS) 232:272 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 0 50 theme present 21:27 arg1 gene 16:19 A BTP1 prophage gene 0:19 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella 0:64 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 0 51 theme lipopolysaccharide 124:141 arg1 O-antigen 107:115 the O-antigen 103:115 the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide 103:141 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 9 52 theme strain 1294:1299 arg1 infection 1256:1264 BTP1 phage infection 1245:1264 BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain 1245:1299 Additionally, GtrC(BTP) (1) expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. 25586744 1 53 theme non-typhoidal 241:253 arg1 iNTS 268:271 iNTS 268:271 iNTS 268:271 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 1 53 theme non-typhoidal 241:253 arg1 Salmonellae 255:265 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae 232:265 invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS) 232:272 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 3 54 theme gtrC 420:423 arg1 gene 425:428 a gtrC gene 418:428 a gtrC gene 418:428 This prophage encodes a gtrC gene, implicated in O-antigen modification. 25586744 3 54 theme gtrC 420:423 arg1 prophage 401:408 This prophage 396:408 This prophage 396:408 This prophage encodes a gtrC gene, implicated in O-antigen modification. 25586744 6 55 theme D23580 810:815 arg1 chromosome 817:826 the D23580 chromosome 806:826 the D23580 chromosome 806:826 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 0 56 from Salmonella 55:64 arg1 present 21:27 present 21:27 present 21:27 A BTP1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella determines composition and length of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. 25586744 8 57 theme phase 1041:1045 arg1 variation 1047:1055 phase variation 1041:1055 phase variation 1041:1055 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 8 58 from subject 1030:1036 arg1 expression 988:997 expression 988:997 expression of many other gtr operons 988:1023 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 4 59 theme isolate 532:538 arg1 D23580 540:545 isolate D23580 532:545 isolate D23580 532:545 GtrC(BTP) (1) is essential for maintaining O-antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtr(BTP) (1) mutant yields a short O-antigen. 25586744 10 60 theme O-antigen 1525:1533 arg1 co-receptor 1535:1545 the same O-antigen co-receptor 1516:1545 the same O-antigen co-receptor 1516:1545 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 9 61 theme BTP 1167:1169 arg1 expression 1176:1185 GtrC(BTP) (1) expression 1162:1185 GtrC(BTP) (1) expression 1162:1185 Additionally, GtrC(BTP) (1) expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. 25586744 1 62 theme Salmonellae 255:265 arg1 lineage 221:227 a recently identified ST313 lineage 193:227 a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS) 193:272 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 7 63 theme O-antigen 912:920 arg1 cleavage 922:929 O-antigen cleavage 912:929 O-antigen cleavage 912:929 This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O-antigen cleavage. 25586744 8 64 theme gtr 1013:1015 arg1 operons 1017:1023 many other gtr operons 1002:1023 many other gtr operons 1002:1023 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 7 65 theme putative 858:865 arg1 domain 884:889 a putative endorhamnosidase domain 856:889 a putative endorhamnosidase domain 856:889 This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O-antigen cleavage. 25586744 1 66 theme isolate 167:173 arg1 D23580 175:180 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 144:180 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 144:180 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 5 67 theme related 670:676 arg1 genes 683:687 very closely related gtrC genes 657:687 very closely related gtrC genes 657:687 This phenotype can be complemented by gtrC(BTP) (1) or very closely related gtrC genes. 25586744 8 68 from expression 988:997 arg1 subject 1030:1036 subject 1030:1036 subject 1030:1036 Expression of the gtrC(BTP) (1) gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. 25586744 7 69 theme endorhamnosidase 867:882 arg1 domain 884:889 a putative endorhamnosidase domain 856:889 a putative endorhamnosidase domain 856:889 This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O-antigen cleavage. 25586744 1 70 theme Salmonella Typhimurium 144:165 arg1 D23580 175:180 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 144:180 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 144:180 Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). 25586744 9 71 theme phage 1250:1254 arg1 infection 1256:1264 BTP1 phage infection 1245:1264 BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain 1245:1299 Additionally, GtrC(BTP) (1) expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. 25586744 5 72 theme gtrC 678:681 arg1 genes 683:687 very closely related gtrC genes 657:687 very closely related gtrC genes 657:687 This phenotype can be complemented by gtrC(BTP) (1) or very closely related gtrC genes. 25586744 6 73 theme gene 798:801 arg1 deletion 761:768 deletion 761:768 deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome 761:826 The short O-antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. 25586744 2 74 theme BTP1 390:393 arg1 One 275:277 One 275:277 One 275:277 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 2 74 theme BTP1 390:393 arg1 differences 286:296 the differences 282:296 the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates 282:360 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 2 74 theme BTP1 390:393 arg1 presence 369:376 the presence 365:376 the presence of prophage BTP1 365:393 One of the differences between this lineage and other non-iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. 25586744 10 75 theme phage 1398:1402 arg1 receptor 1414:1421 the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor 1389:1421 the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor 1389:1421 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 25586744 10 76 dep mediates 1364:1371 arg1 1 1361:1361 1 1361:1361 1 1361:1361 These data are consistent with a model in which GtrC(BTP) (1) mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O-antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O-antigen co-receptor. 28553713 6 0 theme starches 1089:1096 arg1 benefits 1071:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 0 theme starches 1089:1096 arg1 ingredients 1105:1115 raw ingredients 1101:1115 raw ingredients for food development 1101:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 0 theme starches 1089:1096 arg1 claims 1043:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 2 1 theme starch 353:358 arg1 properties 334:343 the fermentation properties 317:343 the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase 317:437 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 2 1 theme starch 353:358 arg1 role 456:459 the possible role 443:459 the possible role of hydrolysis products 443:482 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 6 2 from study 967:971 arg1 Results 949:955 Results 949:955 Results from this study 949:971 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 4 3 dep presence 670:677 arg1 The 666:668 The 666:668 The 666:668 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 2 4 theme study 294:298 arg1 objective 276:284 The objective 272:284 The objective of this study 272:298 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 1 5 theme food 141:144 arg1 applications 146:157 food applications 141:157 food applications 141:157 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 28553713 4 6 theme starch 741:746 arg1 composition 748:758 starch composition 741:758 starch composition 741:758 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 4 7 theme subsequent 764:773 arg1 production 786:795 subsequent metabolite production 764:795 subsequent metabolite production 764:795 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 5 8 theme short- 882:887 arg1 production 919:928 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 4 9 theme hydrolysis 693:702 arg1 products 704:711 hydrolysis products 693:711 hydrolysis products 693:711 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 0 10 theme Human 49:53 arg1 Profiles 74:81 Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles 49:81 Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles 49:81 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch Influences Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles. 28553713 2 11 theme hydrolysis 464:473 arg1 products 475:482 hydrolysis products 464:482 hydrolysis products 464:482 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 1 12 theme modified 98:105 arg1 starches 107:114 Enzymatically modified starches 84:114 Enzymatically modified starches 84:114 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 28553713 0 13 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 Modification 10:21 Enzymatic Modification 0:21 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch 0:36 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch Influences Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles. 28553713 6 14 theme health 1064:1069 arg1 benefits 1071:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 14 theme health 1064:1069 arg1 ingredients 1105:1115 raw ingredients 1101:1115 raw ingredients for food development 1101:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 14 theme health 1064:1069 arg1 claims 1043:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 4 15 theme metabolite 775:784 arg1 production 786:795 subsequent metabolite production 764:795 subsequent metabolite production 764:795 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 4 16 theme products 704:711 arg1 absence 682:688 absence 682:688 absence 682:688 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 4 16 theme products 704:711 arg1 presence 670:677 presence 670:677 presence 670:677 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 0 17 theme Corn 26:29 arg1 Starch 31:36 Corn Starch 26:36 Corn Starch 26:36 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch Influences Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles. 28553713 6 18 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 benefits 1071:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 18 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 ingredients 1105:1115 raw ingredients 1101:1115 raw ingredients for food development 1101:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 18 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 claims 1043:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 1 19 used used 133:136 arg2 starches 107:114 Enzymatically modified starches 84:114 Enzymatically modified starches 84:114 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 28553713 3 20 dep in 643:644 arg1 vitro 646:650 vitro 646:650 vitro 646:650 Samples differed in their digestibility and availability to be fermented by the microbiota, resulting in differences in microbial metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation. 28553713 2 21 theme possible 447:454 arg1 role 456:459 the possible role 443:459 the possible role of hydrolysis products 443:482 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 1 22 theme new 170:172 arg1 products 174:181 new products 170:181 new products 170:181 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 28553713 5 23 theme production 919:928 arg1 production 868:877 the greatest production 855:877 the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota 855:946 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 0 24 theme Starch 31:36 arg1 Modification 10:21 Enzymatic Modification 0:21 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch 0:36 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch Influences Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles. 28553713 6 25 theme nutritional 1031:1041 arg1 benefits 1071:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 25 theme nutritional 1031:1041 arg1 ingredients 1105:1115 raw ingredients 1101:1115 raw ingredients for food development 1101:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 25 theme nutritional 1031:1041 arg1 claims 1043:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 5 26 theme greatest 859:866 arg1 production 868:877 the greatest production 855:877 the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota 855:946 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 5 27 theme branched-chain 893:906 arg1 production 919:928 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 1 28 theme fecal 224:228 arg1 fermentation 230:241 fecal fermentation 224:241 fecal fermentation 224:241 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 28553713 0 29 theme Fecal 55:59 arg1 Profiles 74:81 Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles 49:81 Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles 49:81 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch Influences Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles. 28553713 6 30 theme possible 1022:1029 arg1 benefits 1071:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 30 theme possible 1022:1029 arg1 ingredients 1105:1115 raw ingredients 1101:1115 raw ingredients for food development 1101:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 30 theme possible 1022:1029 arg1 claims 1043:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 31 theme food 1121:1124 arg1 development 1126:1136 food development 1121:1136 food development 1121:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 3 32 theme microbial 605:613 arg1 metabolites 615:625 microbial metabolites 605:625 microbial metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation 605:663 Samples differed in their digestibility and availability to be fermented by the microbiota, resulting in differences in microbial metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation. 28553713 2 33 theme corn 348:351 arg1 starch 353:358 corn starch 348:358 corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase 348:437 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 2 34 theme products 475:482 arg1 properties 334:343 the fermentation properties 317:343 the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase 317:437 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 2 34 theme products 475:482 arg1 role 456:459 the possible role 443:459 the possible role of hydrolysis products 443:482 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 2 35 theme fermentation 321:332 arg1 properties 334:343 the fermentation properties 317:343 the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase 317:437 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 3 36 from differences 590:600 arg1 metabolites 615:625 microbial metabolites 605:625 microbial metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation 605:663 Samples differed in their digestibility and availability to be fermented by the microbiota, resulting in differences in microbial metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation. 28553713 5 37 theme Amyloglucosidase-treated 816:839 arg1 starch 841:846 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch 816:846 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch 816:846 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 2 38 theme cyclodextrin 406:417 arg1 glycosyltransferase 419:437 cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase 406:437 cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase 406:437 The objective of this study was to determine the fermentation properties of corn starch modified with α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, or cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the possible role of hydrolysis products. 28553713 3 39 theme in 643:644 arg1 fermentation 652:663 in vitro fermentation 643:663 in vitro fermentation 643:663 Samples differed in their digestibility and availability to be fermented by the microbiota, resulting in differences in microbial metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation. 28553713 5 40 theme acid 914:917 arg1 production 919:928 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 6 41 theme raw 1101:1103 arg1 benefits 1071:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 potential health benefits 1054:1078 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 41 theme raw 1101:1103 arg1 ingredients 1105:1115 raw ingredients 1101:1115 raw ingredients for food development 1101:1136 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 6 41 theme raw 1101:1103 arg1 claims 1043:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 the possible nutritional claims 1018:1048 Results from this study could be taken into consideration to confirm the possible nutritional claims and potential health benefits of these starches as raw ingredients for food development. 28553713 0 42 theme Fermentation 61:72 arg1 Profiles 74:81 Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles 49:81 Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles 49:81 Enzymatic Modification of Corn Starch Influences Human Fecal Fermentation Profiles. 28553713 5 43 theme fatty 908:912 arg1 acid 914:917 fatty acid 908:917 short- and branched-chain fatty acid production 882:928 Amyloglucosidase-treated starch led to the greatest production of short- and branched-chain fatty acid production by the microbiota. 28553713 4 44 theme gelatinization 717:730 arg1 absence 682:688 absence 682:688 absence 682:688 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 4 44 theme gelatinization 717:730 arg1 presence 670:677 presence 670:677 presence 670:677 The presence or absence of hydrolysis products and gelatinization affected starch composition and subsequent metabolite production by the microbiota. 28553713 1 45 theme products 252:259 arg1 digestion 210:218 digestion 210:218 digestion 210:218 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 28553713 1 45 theme products 252:259 arg1 fermentation 230:241 fecal fermentation 224:241 fecal fermentation 224:241 Enzymatically modified starches have been widely used in food applications to develop new products, but information regarding digestion and fecal fermentation of these products is sparse. 25701844 10 0 theme name 1533:1536 arg1 sp 1559:1560 the name Alteromonas gracilis sp 1529:1560 the name Alteromonas gracilis sp 1529:1560 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 2 1 theme strain 134:139 arg1 9a2 141:143 strain 9a2 134:143 strain 9a2(T) 134:146 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 2 1 theme strain 134:139 arg1 T 145:145 T 145:145 T 145:145 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 10 2 from differences 1305:1315 arg1 characteristics 1350:1364 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1320:1364 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1320:1364 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 8 3 dep A. 1036:1037 arg1 T 1057:1057 T 1057:1057 T 1057:1057 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 3 dep A. 1036:1037 arg1 12188 1051:1055 JCM 12188 1047:1055 A. litorea JCM 12188(T) 1036:1058 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 3 dep A. 1036:1037 arg1 litorea 1039:1045 A. litorea JCM 12188(T) 1036:1058 A. litorea JCM 12188(T) 1036:1058 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 4 4 theme cellular 376:383 arg1 profile 396:402 its cellular fatty acid profile 372:402 its cellular fatty acid profile 372:402 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 7 5 theme gene 705:708 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 5 theme gene 705:708 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 2 6 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 84:110 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 76:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 76:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 10 7 theme gracilis 1550:1557 arg1 sp 1559:1560 the name Alteromonas gracilis sp 1529:1560 the name Alteromonas gracilis sp 1529:1560 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 3 8 dep Gram-stain-negative 206:224 arg1 aerobic 244:250 aerobic 244:250 aerobic 244:250 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, and required NaCl for growth. 25701844 3 8 dep Gram-stain-negative 206:224 arg1 Gram-stain-negative 206:224 Gram-stain-negative 206:224 Gram-stain-negative 206:224 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, and required NaCl for growth. 25701844 3 8 dep Gram-stain-negative 206:224 arg1 strain 195:200 The strain 191:200 The strain 191:200 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, and required NaCl for growth. 25701844 7 9 theme 16S 696:698 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 9 theme 16S 696:698 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 6 10 theme gene 504:507 arg1 analysis 518:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 10 11 theme rRNA 1402:1405 arg1 sequences 1412:1420 16S rRNA gene sequences 1398:1420 16S rRNA gene sequences 1398:1420 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 7 12 theme Strain 595:600 arg1 T 606:606 T 606:606 T 606:606 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 12 theme Strain 595:600 arg1 9a2 602:604 Strain 9a2 595:604 Strain 9a2(T) 595:607 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 12 13 dep 9a2 1616:1618 arg1 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 13 dep 9a2 1616:1618 arg1 14947 1646:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947 1624:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T) 1624:1653 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 10 14 theme chemotaxonomic 1335:1348 arg1 characteristics 1350:1364 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1320:1364 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1320:1364 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 6 15 theme 16S 495:497 arg1 analysis 518:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 8 16 theme JCM 1022:1024 arg1 T 1032:1032 T 1032:1032 T 1032:1032 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 16 theme JCM 1022:1024 arg1 11804 1026:1030 JCM 11804 1022:1030 A. marina JCM 11804(T) 1012:1033 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 10 17 theme DNA-DNA 1426:1432 arg1 data 1446:1449 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1426:1449 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1426:1449 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 4 18 theme acid 391:394 arg1 profile 396:402 its cellular fatty acid profile 372:402 its cellular fatty acid profile 372:402 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 5 19 theme DNA 464:466 arg1 % 492:492 46.6 mol% 484:492 46.6 mol% 484:492 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 25701844 5 19 theme DNA 464:466 arg1 content 472:478 The DNA G+C content 460:478 The DNA G+C content 460:478 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 25701844 8 20 theme reassociation 938:950 arg1 values 952:957 The DNA-DNA reassociation values 926:957 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 926:1174 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 21 dep A. 985:986 arg1 macleodii 988:996 macleodii 988:996 macleodii 988:996 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 9 22 theme Strain 1192:1197 arg1 9a2 1199:1201 Strain 9a2 1192:1201 Strain 9a2(T) 1192:1204 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 9 22 theme Strain 1192:1197 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 8 23 theme JCM 1047:1049 arg1 T 1057:1057 T 1057:1057 T 1057:1057 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 23 theme JCM 1047:1049 arg1 12188 1051:1055 JCM 12188 1047:1055 A. litorea JCM 12188(T) 1036:1058 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 7 24 dep A. 854:855 arg1 T 881:881 T 881:881 T 881:881 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 24 dep A. 854:855 arg1 % 889:889 98.3% 885:889 98.3% 885:889 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 24 dep A. 854:855 arg1 21861 875:879 LMG 21861 871:879 A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) 854:890 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 24 dep A. 854:855 arg1 stellipolaris 857:869 A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) 854:890 A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) 854:890 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 12 25 theme  =NCIMB 1638:1644 arg1 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 25 theme  =NCIMB 1638:1644 arg1 14947 1646:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947 1624:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T) 1624:1653 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 8 26 theme 9a2 974:976 arg1 T 978:978 strain 9a2(T) 967:979 strain 9a2(T) 967:979 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 26 theme 9a2 974:976 arg1 T 1143:1143 T 1143:1143 T 1143:1143 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 6 27 theme Alteromonas 581:591 arg1 9a2 549:551 strain 9a2 542:551 strain 9a2(T) 542:554 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 6 27 theme Alteromonas 581:591 arg1 member 561:566 a member 559:566 a member of the genus Alteromonas 559:591 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 0 28 theme Alteromonas 0:10 arg1 sp 21:22 Alteromonas gracilis sp 0:22 Alteromonas gracilis sp. 0:23 Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 8 29 dep A. 1150:1151 arg1 hispanica 1153:1161 hispanica 1153:1161 hispanica 1153:1161 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 12 30 theme  =JCM 1624:1628 arg1 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 30 theme  =JCM 1624:1628 arg1 14947 1646:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947 1624:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T) 1624:1653 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 8 31 theme CIP 1075:1077 arg1 T 1086:1086 T 1086:1086 T 1086:1086 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 31 theme CIP 1075:1077 arg1 109921 1079:1084 CIP 109921 1075:1084 A. australica CIP 109921(T) 1061:1087 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 2 32 theme Pacific 167:173 arg1 sediment 181:188 Pacific Ocean sediment 167:188 Pacific Ocean sediment 167:188 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 7 33 theme Alteromonas 652:662 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 33 theme Alteromonas 652:662 arg1 T 686:686 T 686:686 T 686:686 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 33 theme Alteromonas 652:662 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 9 34 theme polar 1283:1287 arg1 lipid 1289:1293 an unidentified polar lipid 1267:1293 an unidentified polar lipid 1267:1293 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 12 35 theme species 1605:1611 arg1 9a2 1616:1618 9a2 1616:1618 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)) 1616:1654 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 35 theme species 1605:1611 arg1 strain 1590:1595 The type strain 1581:1595 The type strain of this species 1581:1611 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 8 36 theme 22958 1167:1171 arg1 T 1173:1173 A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 1150:1174 A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 1150:1174 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 7 37 theme closest 619:625 arg1 affinity 640:647 closest phylogenetic affinity 619:647 closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%) 619:923 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 1 38 theme marine 33:38 arg1 bacterium 65:73 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 31:73 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 31:73 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 25701844 1 38 theme marine 33:38 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 25701844 4 39 theme major 319:323 arg1 quinone 336:342 Its major isoprenoid quinone 315:342 Its major isoprenoid quinone 315:342 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 10 40 theme Alteromonas 1538:1548 arg1 sp 1559:1560 the name Alteromonas gracilis sp 1529:1560 the name Alteromonas gracilis sp 1529:1560 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 8 41 theme JCM 1102:1104 arg1 T 1112:1112 T 1112:1112 T 1112:1112 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 41 theme JCM 1102:1104 arg1 13896 1106:1110 JCM 13896 1102:1110 A. simiduii JCM 13896(T) 1090:1113 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 4 42 dep C16 424:426 arg1 C18 436:438 C18 436:438 C18 436:438 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 4 42 dep C16 424:426 arg1 C16 451:453 C16 451:453 C16 451:453 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 4 42 dep C16 424:426 arg1 1ω9c 442:445 1ω9c 442:445 1ω9c 442:445 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 4 42 dep C16 424:426 arg1 0 457:457 0 457:457 0 457:457 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 4 42 dep C16 424:426 arg1 1ω7c 430:433 1ω7c 430:433 1ω7c 430:433 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 4 43 theme fatty 385:389 arg1 profile 396:402 its cellular fatty acid profile 372:402 its cellular fatty acid profile 372:402 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 8 44 theme LMG 1163:1165 arg1 T 1173:1173 A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 1150:1174 A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 1150:1174 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 45 theme A. 1150:1151 arg1 T 1173:1173 A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 1150:1174 A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 1150:1174 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 10 46 theme phylogenetic 1367:1378 arg1 analysis 1380:1387 phylogenetic analysis 1367:1387 phylogenetic analysis 1367:1387 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 7 47 theme sequence 710:717 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 47 theme sequence 710:717 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 6 48 theme sequence 509:516 arg1 analysis 518:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 10 49 theme gene 1407:1410 arg1 sequences 1412:1420 16S rRNA gene sequences 1398:1420 16S rRNA gene sequences 1398:1420 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 7 50 theme rRNA 700:703 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 50 theme rRNA 700:703 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 6 51 theme rRNA 499:502 arg1 analysis 518:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 495:525 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 10 52 theme 16S 1398:1400 arg1 sequences 1412:1420 16S rRNA gene sequences 1398:1420 16S rRNA gene sequences 1398:1420 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 7 53 theme % 694:694 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 53 theme % 694:694 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 8 54 dep A. 1012:1013 arg1 T 1032:1032 T 1032:1032 T 1032:1032 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 54 dep A. 1012:1013 arg1 11804 1026:1030 JCM 11804 1022:1030 A. marina JCM 11804(T) 1012:1033 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 54 dep A. 1012:1013 arg1 marina 1015:1020 A. marina JCM 11804(T) 1012:1033 A. marina JCM 11804(T) 1012:1033 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 10 55 theme relatedness 1434:1444 arg1 data 1446:1449 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1426:1449 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1426:1449 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 9 56 contain contained 1206:1214 arg1 9a2 1199:1201 Strain 9a2 1192:1201 Strain 9a2(T) 1192:1204 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 9 56 contain contained 1206:1214 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 9 56 contain contained 1206:1214 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1242:1261 phosphatidylglycerol 1242:1261 phosphatidylglycerol 1242:1261 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 9 56 contain contained 1206:1214 arg2 lipid 1289:1293 an unidentified polar lipid 1267:1293 an unidentified polar lipid 1267:1293 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 9 56 contain contained 1206:1214 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1216:1239 phosphatidylethanolamine 1216:1239 phosphatidylethanolamine 1216:1239 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 2 57 theme novel 78:82 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 76:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 76:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 5 58 theme mol 489:491 arg1 % 492:492 46.6 mol% 484:492 46.6 mol% 484:492 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 25701844 5 58 theme mol 489:491 arg1 content 472:478 The DNA G+C content 460:478 The DNA G+C content 460:478 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 25701844 10 59 theme isolate 1456:1462 arg1 merits 1464:1469 the isolate merits 1452:1469 the isolate merits 1452:1469 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 8 60 dep A. 1061:1062 arg1 T 1086:1086 T 1086:1086 T 1086:1086 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 60 dep A. 1061:1062 arg1 109921 1079:1084 CIP 109921 1075:1084 A. australica CIP 109921(T) 1061:1087 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 60 dep A. 1061:1062 arg1 australica 1064:1073 A. australica CIP 109921(T) 1061:1087 A. australica CIP 109921(T) 1061:1087 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 7 61 dep A. 789:790 arg1 australica 792:801 A. australica 789:801 A. australica 789:801 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 5 62 theme G+C 468:470 arg1 % 492:492 46.6 mol% 484:492 46.6 mol% 484:492 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 25701844 5 62 theme G+C 468:470 arg1 content 472:478 The DNA G+C content 460:478 The DNA G+C content 460:478 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 25701844 8 63 theme DNA-DNA 930:936 arg1 values 952:957 The DNA-DNA reassociation values 926:957 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) 926:1174 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 6 64 theme strain 542:547 arg1 9a2 549:551 strain 9a2 542:551 strain 9a2(T) 542:554 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 6 64 theme strain 542:547 arg1 member 561:566 a member 559:566 a member of the genus Alteromonas 559:591 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 6 64 theme strain 542:547 arg1 T 553:553 T 553:553 T 553:553 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 1 65 theme polysaccharide-producing 40:63 arg1 bacterium 65:73 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 31:73 a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium 31:73 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 25701844 1 65 theme polysaccharide-producing 40:63 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a marine polysaccharide-producing bacterium. 25701844 12 66 theme 30236 1630:1634 arg1 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 66 theme 30236 1630:1634 arg1 14947 1646:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947 1624:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T) 1624:1653 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 7 67 theme LMG 871:873 arg1 T 881:881 T 881:881 T 881:881 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 67 theme LMG 871:873 arg1 21861 875:879 LMG 21861 871:879 A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) 854:890 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 67 theme LMG 871:873 arg1 % 889:889 98.3% 885:889 98.3% 885:889 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 12 68 theme T 1636:1636 arg1 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 T 1652:1652 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 68 theme T 1636:1636 arg1 14947 1646:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947 1624:1650  =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T) 1624:1653 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 0 69 theme gracilis 12:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Alteromonas gracilis sp 0:22 Alteromonas gracilis sp. 0:23 Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 8 70 dep A. 1090:1091 arg1 T 1112:1112 T 1112:1112 T 1112:1112 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 70 dep A. 1090:1091 arg1 13896 1106:1110 JCM 13896 1102:1110 A. simiduii JCM 13896(T) 1090:1113 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 70 dep A. 1090:1091 arg1 simiduii 1093:1100 A. simiduii JCM 13896(T) 1090:1113 A. simiduii JCM 13896(T) 1090:1113 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 6 71 theme genus 575:579 arg1 Alteromonas 581:591 the genus Alteromonas 571:591 the genus Alteromonas 571:591 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 9a2(T) is a member of the genus Alteromonas . 25701844 7 72 dep A. 896:897 arg1 hispanica 899:907 hispanica 899:907 hispanica 899:907 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 2 73 theme Ocean 175:179 arg1 sediment 181:188 Pacific Ocean sediment 167:188 Pacific Ocean sediment 167:188 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 2 74 attach isolated 153:160 arg2 bacterium 112:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 76:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium 76:120 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 2 74 attach isolated 153:160 arg1 sediment 181:188 Pacific Ocean sediment 167:188 Pacific Ocean sediment 167:188 A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain 9a2(T), was isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment. 25701844 8 75 theme A. 985:986 arg1 T 1008:1008 A. macleodii JCM 20772(T) 985:1009 A. macleodii JCM 20772(T) 985:1009 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 75 theme A. 985:986 arg1 A. 1012:1013 A. 1012:1013 A. 1012:1013 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 4 76 theme isoprenoid 325:334 arg1 quinone 336:342 Its major isoprenoid quinone 315:342 Its major isoprenoid quinone 315:342 Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. 25701844 9 77 theme unidentified 1270:1281 arg1 lipid 1289:1293 an unidentified polar lipid 1267:1293 an unidentified polar lipid 1267:1293 Strain 9a2(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified polar lipid. 25701844 10 78 theme phenotypic 1320:1329 arg1 characteristics 1350:1364 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1320:1364 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1320:1364 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 8 79 theme JCM 998:1000 arg1 T 1008:1008 A. macleodii JCM 20772(T) 985:1009 A. macleodii JCM 20772(T) 985:1009 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 79 theme JCM 998:1000 arg1 A. 1012:1013 A. 1012:1013 A. 1012:1013 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 7 80 theme macleodii 664:672 arg1 NBRC 674:677 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226 652:684 Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 652:729 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 80 theme macleodii 664:672 arg1 T 686:686 T 686:686 T 686:686 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 80 theme macleodii 664:672 arg1 similarity 719:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 690:728 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 8 81 theme strain 967:972 arg1 T 978:978 strain 9a2(T) 967:979 strain 9a2(T) 967:979 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 8 81 theme strain 967:972 arg1 T 1143:1143 T 1143:1143 T 1143:1143 The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain 9a2(T) and A. macleodii JCM 20772(T), A. marina JCM 11804(T), A. litorea JCM 12188(T), A. australica CIP 109921(T), A. simiduii JCM 13896(T), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) and A. hispanica LMG 22958(T) were below 70%. 25701844 12 82 theme type 1585:1588 arg1 9a2 1616:1618 9a2 1616:1618 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)) 1616:1654 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 12 82 theme type 1585:1588 arg1 strain 1590:1595 The type strain 1581:1595 The type strain of this species 1581:1611 The type strain of this species is 9a2(T) ( =JCM 30236(T) =NCIMB 14947(T)). 25701844 7 83 theme A. 896:897 arg1 % 922:922 98.2% 918:922 98.2% 918:922 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 83 theme A. 896:897 arg1 T 914:914 T 914:914 T 914:914 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 83 theme A. 896:897 arg1 F-32 909:912 A. hispanica F-32 896:912 A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%) 896:923 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 10 84 theme novel 1504:1508 arg1 species 1510:1516 a novel species 1502:1516 a novel species 1502:1516 Owing to differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species, for which the name Alteromonas gracilis sp. 25701844 7 85 theme marina 735:740 arg1 T 807:807 T 807:807 T 807:807 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 85 theme marina 735:740 arg1 H17 803:805 A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17 732:805 A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%) 732:816 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 85 theme marina 735:740 arg1 % 815:815 98.7% 811:815 98.7% 811:815 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 25701844 7 86 theme phylogenetic 627:638 arg1 affinity 640:647 closest phylogenetic affinity 619:647 closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%) 619:923 Strain 9a2(T) exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to Alteromonas macleodii NBRC 102226(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. marina SW-47(T) (99.3%), A. litorea TF-22(T) (99.0%), A. australica H17(T) (98.7%), A. simiduii BCRC 17572(T) (98.5%), A. stellipolaris LMG 21861(T) (98.3%) and A. hispanica F-32(T) (98.2%). 29229243 4 0 theme GSH 852:854 arg1 levels 874:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels 852:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 852:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 5 1 theme blood 960:964 arg1 indices 966:972 the blood indices 956:972 the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume 956:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 1 2 with pre-treatment 166:178 arg1 nanoparticles 185:197 nanoparticles 185:197 nanoparticles 185:197 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 1 3 theme pre-treatment 166:178 arg1 influence 153:161 the influence 149:161 the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 149:324 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 1 4 theme nanocomposites 243:256 arg1 chitosan-curcumin 258:274 nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin 243:274 nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) 243:283 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 1 4 theme nanocomposites 243:256 arg1 CC-NPS 277:282 CC-NPS 277:282 CC-NPS 277:282 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 0 5 theme metal 97:101 arg1 cadmium 103:109 toxic metal cadmium 91:109 toxic metal cadmium 91:109 Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin synergistically inhibits the oxidative stress induced by toxic metal cadmium. 29229243 1 6 theme chitosan-curcumin 258:274 arg1 pre-treatment 166:178 pre-treatment 166:178 pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) 166:283 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 5 7 theme blood 1003:1007 arg1 cells 1009:1013 red and white blood cells 989:1013 red and white blood cells 989:1013 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 3 8 theme blood 748:752 arg1 indices 754:760 some blood indices 743:760 some blood indices 743:760 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 5 9 theme hemoglobin 1027:1036 arg1 counts 979:984 counts 979:984 counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume 979:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 1 10 from influence 153:161 arg1 damage 319:324 cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 288:324 cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 288:324 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 5 11 theme normal 1138:1143 arg1 levels 1145:1150 normal levels 1138:1150 normal levels 1138:1150 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 6 12 theme best 1323:1326 arg1 CC-NPS 1298:1303 CC-NPS 1298:1303 CC-NPS 1298:1303 The results indicate that Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS may act as natural antioxidants and when compared among the three, CC-NPS appears to be the best antioxidant. 29229243 6 12 theme best 1323:1326 arg1 antioxidant 1328:1338 the best antioxidant 1319:1338 the best antioxidant 1319:1338 The results indicate that Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS may act as natural antioxidants and when compared among the three, CC-NPS appears to be the best antioxidant. 29229243 1 13 from indices 359:365 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 3 14 theme enzymatic 609:617 arg1 peroxides 557:565 lipid peroxides 551:565 lipid peroxides (TBARS) 551:573 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 14 theme enzymatic 609:617 arg1 indices 622:628 enzymatic OS indices 609:628 enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 609:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 4 15 theme GST 857:859 arg1 levels 874:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels 852:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 852:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 2 16 theme pretreated 404:413 arg1 mice 415:418 The pretreated mice 400:418 The pretreated mice with Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS 400:450 The pretreated mice with Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS were exposed to Cd (10mg/kg) for three weeks. 29229243 5 17 theme red 989:991 arg1 cells 1009:1013 red and white blood cells 989:1013 red and white blood cells 989:1013 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 4 18 theme SOD 870:872 arg1 levels 874:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels 852:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 852:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 3 19 theme OS 619:620 arg1 peroxides 557:565 lipid peroxides 551:565 lipid peroxides (TBARS) 551:573 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 19 theme OS 619:620 arg1 indices 622:628 enzymatic OS indices 609:628 enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 609:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 5 20 theme white 997:1001 arg1 cells 1009:1013 red and white blood cells 989:1013 red and white blood cells 989:1013 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 5 21 theme pretreated 1155:1164 arg1 group 1171:1175 pretreated mice group 1155:1175 pretreated mice group 1155:1175 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 1 22 theme curcumin 202:209 arg1 pre-treatment 166:178 pre-treatment 166:178 pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) 166:283 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 0 23 theme Nano-composites 0:14 arg1 chitosan-curcumin 16:32 Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin 0:32 Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin 0:32 Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin synergistically inhibits the oxidative stress induced by toxic metal cadmium. 29229243 5 24 theme platelets 1016:1024 arg1 counts 979:984 counts 979:984 counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume 979:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 3 25 theme total 584:588 arg1 peroxides 557:565 lipid peroxides 551:565 lipid peroxides (TBARS) 551:573 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 25 theme total 584:588 arg1 GSH 603:605 GSH 603:605 GSH 603:605 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 25 theme total 584:588 arg1 glutathione 590:600 reduced total glutathione 576:600 reduced total glutathione (GSH) 576:606 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 5 26 theme cell 1049:1052 arg1 volume 1054:1059 packed cell volume 1042:1059 packed cell volume 1042:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 4 27 from levels 874:879 arg1 tissues 892:898 all the tissues 884:898 all the tissues 884:898 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 1 28 theme present 116:122 arg1 study 124:128 The present study 112:128 The present study 112:128 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 1 29 from kidneys 340:346 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 5 30 theme cells 1009:1013 arg1 counts 979:984 counts 979:984 counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume 979:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 4 31 from increase 804:811 arg1 levels 874:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels 852:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 852:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 4 31 from increase 804:811 arg1 TBARS 816:820 TBARS 816:820 TBARS 816:820 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 1 32 theme blood 353:357 arg1 indices 359:365 blood indices 353:365 blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice 353:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 0 33 theme oxidative 63:71 arg1 stress 73:78 the oxidative stress 59:78 the oxidative stress induced by toxic metal cadmium 59:109 Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin synergistically inhibits the oxidative stress induced by toxic metal cadmium. 29229243 6 34 theme natural 1242:1248 arg1 Ch-NPS 1212:1217 Ch-NPS 1212:1217 Ch-NPS 1212:1217 The results indicate that Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS may act as natural antioxidants and when compared among the three, CC-NPS appears to be the best antioxidant. 29229243 6 34 theme natural 1242:1248 arg1 antioxidants 1250:1261 natural antioxidants 1242:1261 natural antioxidants 1242:1261 The results indicate that Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS may act as natural antioxidants and when compared among the three, CC-NPS appears to be the best antioxidant. 29229243 6 34 theme natural 1242:1248 arg1 CC-NPS 1224:1229 CC-NPS 1224:1229 CC-NPS 1224:1229 The results indicate that Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS may act as natural antioxidants and when compared among the three, CC-NPS appears to be the best antioxidant. 29229243 6 34 theme natural 1242:1248 arg1 Cr-NPS 1204:1209 Cr-NPS 1204:1209 Cr-NPS 1204:1209 The results indicate that Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS may act as natural antioxidants and when compared among the three, CC-NPS appears to be the best antioxidant. 29229243 1 35 from liver 333:337 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 4 36 theme significant 792:802 arg1 increase 804:811 a significant increase 790:811 a significant increase in TBARS 790:820 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 5 37 theme volume 1054:1059 arg1 counts 979:984 counts 979:984 counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume 979:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 1 38 theme chitosan 221:228 arg1 pre-treatment 166:178 pre-treatment 166:178 pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) 166:283 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 4 39 theme CAT 862:864 arg1 levels 874:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels 852:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 852:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 1 40 theme Swiss 370:374 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 3 41 theme Oxidative 516:524 arg1 OS 534:535 OS 534:535 OS 534:535 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 41 theme Oxidative 516:524 arg1 Stress 526:531 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress 498:531 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 498:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 1 42 theme -induced 300:307 arg1 damage 319:324 cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 288:324 cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 288:324 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 1 43 theme strain 376:381 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 3 44 theme Stress 526:531 arg1 indices 538:544 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices 498:544 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 498:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 2 45 with mice 415:418 arg1 CC-NPS 445:450 CC-NPS 445:450 CC-NPS 445:450 The pretreated mice with Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS were exposed to Cd (10mg/kg) for three weeks. 29229243 2 45 with mice 415:418 arg1 Cr-NPS 425:430 Cr-NPS 425:430 Cr-NPS 425:430 The pretreated mice with Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS were exposed to Cd (10mg/kg) for three weeks. 29229243 2 45 with mice 415:418 arg1 Ch-NPS 433:438 Ch-NPS 433:438 Ch-NPS 433:438 The pretreated mice with Cr-NPS, Ch-NPS, and CC-NPS were exposed to Cd (10mg/kg) for three weeks. 29229243 5 46 theme Cd 1087:1088 arg1 exposure 1090:1097 Cd exposure 1087:1097 Cd exposure 1087:1097 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 1 47 theme oxidative 309:317 arg1 damage 319:324 cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 288:324 cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage 288:324 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 1 48 theme adult 383:387 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 5 49 theme packed 1042:1047 arg1 volume 1054:1059 packed cell volume 1042:1059 packed cell volume 1042:1059 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 3 50 theme glutathione 651:661 arg1 GST 678:680 GST 678:680 GST 678:680 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 50 theme glutathione 651:661 arg1 S-transferase 663:675 glutathione S-transferase 651:675 glutathione S-transferase (GST) 651:681 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 1 51 theme male 389:392 arg1 mice 394:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 Swiss strain adult male mice 370:397 The present study intends to compare the influence of pre-treatment with nanoparticles of curcumin (Cr-NPS), chitosan (Ch-NPS) and nanocomposites chitosan-curcumin (CC-NPS) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidneys, and blood indices in Swiss strain adult male mice. 29229243 3 52 theme lipid 551:555 arg1 TBARS 568:572 TBARS 568:572 TBARS 568:572 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 52 theme lipid 551:555 arg1 peroxides 557:565 lipid peroxides 551:565 lipid peroxides (TBARS) 551:573 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 52 theme lipid 551:555 arg1 indices 622:628 enzymatic OS indices 609:628 enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 609:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 52 theme lipid 551:555 arg1 glutathione 590:600 reduced total glutathione 576:600 reduced total glutathione (GSH) 576:606 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 5 53 theme mice 1166:1169 arg1 group 1171:1175 pretreated mice group 1155:1175 pretreated mice group 1155:1175 Furthermore, the blood indices like counts of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were also depleted due to Cd exposure but remained unaffected and kept under normal levels in pretreated mice group. 29229243 3 54 theme superoxide 687:696 arg1 SOD 709:711 SOD 709:711 SOD 709:711 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 54 theme superoxide 687:696 arg1 dismutase 698:706 superoxide dismutase 687:706 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 687:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 0 55 theme toxic 91:95 arg1 cadmium 103:109 toxic metal cadmium 91:109 toxic metal cadmium 91:109 Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin synergistically inhibits the oxidative stress induced by toxic metal cadmium. 29229243 3 56 theme reduced 576:582 arg1 peroxides 557:565 lipid peroxides 551:565 lipid peroxides (TBARS) 551:573 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 56 theme reduced 576:582 arg1 GSH 603:605 GSH 603:605 GSH 603:605 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 56 theme reduced 576:582 arg1 glutathione 590:600 reduced total glutathione 576:600 reduced total glutathione (GSH) 576:606 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 4 57 from decrease 840:847 arg1 levels 874:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels 852:879 GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 852:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 4 57 from decrease 840:847 arg1 TBARS 816:820 TBARS 816:820 TBARS 816:820 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 4 58 theme significant 828:838 arg1 decrease 840:847 a significant decrease 826:847 a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite 826:940 Cadmium was able to induce a significant increase in TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels in all the tissues, which were pretreated with nanocomposite. 29229243 3 59 theme non-enzymatic 502:514 arg1 OS 534:535 OS 534:535 OS 534:535 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 29229243 3 59 theme non-enzymatic 502:514 arg1 Stress 526:531 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress 498:531 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 498:712 The non-enzymatic Oxidative Stress (OS) indices like lipid peroxides (TBARS), reduced total glutathione (GSH), enzymatic OS indices like catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated together with some blood indices. 25330002 11 0 theme empty 1524:1528 arg1 defects 1530:1536 empty defects 1524:1536 empty defects 1524:1536 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 5 1 theme nanocrystalline 622:636 arg1 hydroxyapatite 638:651 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 622:651 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model 622:666 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 5 2 theme cellular 499:506 arg1 penetration 508:518 cellular penetration 499:518 cellular penetration 499:518 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 1 3 theme particular 135:144 arg1 interest 146:153 particular interest 135:153 particular interest 135:153 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 12 4 theme osteoid 1655:1661 arg1 tissue 1663:1668 osteoid tissue 1655:1668 osteoid tissue 1655:1668 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. 25330002 11 5 theme Mineral 1436:1442 arg1 Content 1444:1450 Bone Mineral Content 1431:1450 Bone Mineral Content 1431:1450 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 0 6 theme condyle 78:84 arg1 defect 86:91 a femoral condyle defect 68:91 a femoral condyle defect in rats 68:99 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 9 7 theme trabecular-like 1196:1210 arg1 organization 1212:1223 trabecular-like organization 1196:1223 trabecular-like organization 1196:1223 For the defects containing beads, cellular structures filling out the spaces between the scaffolds with increasing interconnectivity and trabecular-like organization were observed over time. 25330002 6 8 dep days 893:896 arg1 implantation 904:915 implantation 904:915 implantation 904:915 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 11 9 theme Mineral 1411:1417 arg1 Density 1419:1425 Bone Mineral Density 1406:1425 Bone Mineral Density 1406:1425 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 12 10 theme defect 1701:1706 arg1 surface 1708:1714 the defect surface 1697:1714 the defect surface 1697:1714 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. 25330002 13 11 theme bone 1900:1903 arg1 formation 1905:1913 bone formation 1900:1913 bone formation 1900:1913 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 2 12 theme bone 283:286 arg1 grafting 288:295 bone grafting 283:295 bone grafting 283:295 Bone loss requiring reconstruction is conventionally addressed through bone grafting. 25330002 6 13 theme diameters 702:710 arg1 beads 682:686 Cross-linked beads 669:686 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters 669:710 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 3 14 theme defect 344:349 arg1 size 315:318 the size 311:318 the size 311:318 Depending on the size and the location of the defect, this method has limits and risks. 25330002 3 14 theme defect 344:349 arg1 location 328:335 the location 324:335 the location 324:335 Depending on the size and the location of the defect, this method has limits and risks. 25330002 4 15 theme bone 453:456 arg1 repair 458:463 bone repair 453:463 bone repair 453:463 Biomaterials can offer an alternative and have features supporting bone repair. 25330002 9 16 theme cellular 1093:1100 arg1 structures 1102:1111 cellular structures 1093:1111 cellular structures filling out the spaces between the scaffolds with increasing interconnectivity and trabecular-like organization 1093:1223 For the defects containing beads, cellular structures filling out the spaces between the scaffolds with increasing interconnectivity and trabecular-like organization were observed over time. 25330002 6 17 theme resonance 783:791 arg1 imaging 793:799 magnetic resonance imaging 774:799 magnetic resonance imaging 774:799 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 11 18 from beads 1501:1505 arg1 comparison 1510:1519 comparison 1510:1519 comparison to empty defects 1510:1536 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 6 19 theme µm 699:700 arg1 diameters 702:710 300-500 µm diameters 691:710 300-500 µm diameters 691:710 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 11 20 theme Bone 1431:1434 arg1 Content 1444:1450 Bone Mineral Content 1431:1450 Bone Mineral Content 1431:1450 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 11 21 theme earlier 1563:1569 arg1 points 1576:1581 earlier time points 1563:1581 earlier time points 1563:1581 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 9 22 contain containing 1075:1084 arg2 beads 1086:1090 beads 1086:1090 beads 1086:1090 For the defects containing beads, cellular structures filling out the spaces between the scaffolds with increasing interconnectivity and trabecular-like organization were observed over time. 25330002 9 22 contain containing 1075:1084 arg1 defects 1067:1073 the defects 1063:1073 the defects containing beads 1063:1090 For the defects containing beads, cellular structures filling out the spaces between the scaffolds with increasing interconnectivity and trabecular-like organization were observed over time. 25330002 6 23 theme magnetic 774:781 arg1 imaging 793:799 magnetic resonance imaging 774:799 magnetic resonance imaging 774:799 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 13 24 theme defects 1788:1794 arg1 repair 1767:1772 the repair 1763:1772 the repair of small size defects in bone 1763:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 11 25 theme Bone 1406:1409 arg1 Density 1419:1425 Bone Mineral Density 1406:1425 Bone Mineral Density 1406:1425 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 6 26 theme empty 864:868 arg1 defects 870:876 the empty defects 860:876 the empty defects 860:876 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 13 27 theme beads 1753:1757 arg1 use 1746:1748 the use 1742:1748 the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone 1742:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 8 28 theme empty 967:971 arg1 defects 973:979 empty defects 967:979 empty defects 967:979 For empty defects, cellularisation and mineralization started from the periphery of the defect. 25330002 5 29 dep penetration 508:518 arg1 the 495:497 the 495:497 the 495:497 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 1 30 theme orthopedic 159:168 arg1 surgery 203:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 0 31 theme macroporous 21:31 arg1 beads 43:47 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads 0:47 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 0:100 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 13 32 theme small 1777:1781 arg1 defects 1788:1794 small size defects 1777:1794 small size defects in bone 1777:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 6 33 link Cross-linked 669:680 arg1 beads 682:686 Cross-linked beads 669:686 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters 669:710 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 5 34 theme new 542:544 arg1 beads 558:562 new macroporous beads 542:562 new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model 542:666 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 10 35 theme calcified 1266:1274 arg1 sections 1276:1283 calcified sections 1266:1283 calcified sections 1266:1283 The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. 25330002 0 36 theme Pullulan/dextran/nHA 0:19 arg1 beads 43:47 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads 0:47 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 0:100 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 13 37 from repair 1767:1772 arg1 bone 1799:1802 bone 1799:1802 bone 1799:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 3 38 contain has 364:366 arg1 method 357:362 this method 352:362 this method 352:362 Depending on the size and the location of the defect, this method has limits and risks. 25330002 3 38 contain has 364:366 arg2 risks 379:383 risks 379:383 risks 379:383 Depending on the size and the location of the defect, this method has limits and risks. 25330002 3 38 contain has 364:366 arg2 limits 368:373 limits 368:373 limits 368:373 Depending on the size and the location of the defect, this method has limits and risks. 25330002 6 39 theme Cross-linked 669:680 arg1 beads 682:686 Cross-linked beads 669:686 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters 669:710 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 1 40 theme oral 171:174 arg1 surgery 203:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 5 41 theme macroporous 546:556 arg1 beads 558:562 new macroporous beads 542:562 new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model 542:666 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 8 42 theme defect 1051:1056 arg1 periphery 1034:1042 the periphery 1030:1042 the periphery of the defect 1030:1056 For empty defects, cellularisation and mineralization started from the periphery of the defect. 25330002 5 43 theme beads 558:562 arg1 penetration 508:518 cellular penetration 499:518 cellular penetration 499:518 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 5 43 theme beads 558:562 arg1 formation 529:537 bone formation 524:537 bone formation 524:537 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 10 44 dep showed 1285:1290 arg1 increased 1292:1300 increased 1292:1300 increased mineralization over time for both conditions 1292:1345 The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. 25330002 10 44 dep showed 1285:1290 arg1 pronounced 1361:1370 pronounced 1361:1370 pronounced 1361:1370 The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. 25330002 12 45 theme tissue 1609:1614 arg1 Analysis 1584:1591 Analysis 1584:1591 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads 1584:1631 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. 25330002 4 46 contain have 428:431 arg2 features 433:440 features 433:440 features supporting bone repair 433:463 Biomaterials can offer an alternative and have features supporting bone repair. 25330002 4 46 contain have 428:431 arg1 Biomaterials 386:397 Biomaterials 386:397 Biomaterials 386:397 Biomaterials can offer an alternative and have features supporting bone repair. 25330002 0 47 theme composite 33:41 arg1 beads 43:47 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads 0:47 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 0:100 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 12 48 theme formed 1602:1607 arg1 tissue 1609:1614 newly formed tissue 1596:1614 newly formed tissue around the beads 1596:1631 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. 25330002 6 49 theme lateral 727:733 arg1 defect 751:756 a lateral femoral condyle defect 725:756 a lateral femoral condyle defect 725:756 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 0 50 from defect 86:91 arg1 rats 96:99 rats 96:99 rats 96:99 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 13 51 theme defect 1979:1984 arg1 site 1986:1989 the defect site 1975:1989 the defect site 1975:1989 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 1 52 theme maxillofacial 177:189 arg1 surgery 203:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 0 53 theme bone 53:56 arg1 repair 58:63 bone repair 53:63 bone repair 53:63 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 2 54 theme Bone 212:215 arg1 loss 217:220 Bone loss 212:220 Bone loss requiring reconstruction 212:245 Bone loss requiring reconstruction is conventionally addressed through bone grafting. 25330002 13 55 from bone 1799:1802 arg1 repair 1767:1772 the repair 1763:1772 the repair of small size defects in bone 1763:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 6 56 theme condyle 743:749 arg1 defect 751:756 a lateral femoral condyle defect 725:756 a lateral femoral condyle defect 725:756 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 10 57 theme sections 1276:1283 arg1 analysis 1254:1261 The analysis 1250:1261 The analysis of calcified sections 1250:1283 The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. 25330002 13 58 theme clinical 1835:1842 arg1 need 1844:1847 the clinical need 1831:1847 the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site 1831:1989 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 5 59 theme rat 658:660 arg1 model 662:666 a rat model 656:666 a rat model 656:666 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 13 60 theme size 1783:1786 arg1 defects 1788:1794 small size defects 1777:1794 small size defects in bone 1777:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 6 61 theme femoral 735:741 arg1 defect 751:756 a lateral femoral condyle defect 725:756 a lateral femoral condyle defect 725:756 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 13 62 from defects 1788:1794 arg1 bone 1799:1802 bone 1799:1802 bone 1799:1802 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 5 63 theme bone 524:527 arg1 formation 529:537 bone formation 524:537 bone formation 524:537 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 5 64 from hydroxyapatite 638:651 arg1 model 662:666 a rat model 656:666 a rat model 656:666 Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. 25330002 12 65 theme surface 1708:1714 arg1 percentage 1683:1692 percentage 1683:1692 percentage of the defect surface 1683:1714 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. 25330002 11 66 theme time 1571:1574 arg1 points 1576:1581 earlier time points 1563:1581 earlier time points 1563:1581 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 1 67 theme bone 116:119 arg1 defects 121:127 bone defects 116:127 bone defects 116:127 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 1 68 theme dental 196:201 arg1 surgery 203:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery 159:209 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 11 69 dep higher 1476:1481 arg1 both 1457:1460 both 1457:1460 both 1457:1460 Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. 25330002 1 70 theme defects 121:127 arg1 repair 106:111 The repair 102:111 The repair of bone defects 102:127 The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. 25330002 6 71 used used 717:720 arg2 beads 682:686 Cross-linked beads 669:686 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters 669:710 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 0 72 theme femoral 70:76 arg1 defect 86:91 a femoral condyle defect 68:91 a femoral condyle defect in rats 68:99 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 6 73 theme micro-computed 802:815 arg1 tomography 817:826 micro-computed tomography 802:826 micro-computed tomography 802:826 Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. 25330002 13 74 theme vessel 1954:1959 arg1 ingrowth 1961:1968 vessel ingrowth 1954:1968 vessel ingrowth into the defect site 1954:1989 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 13 75 theme ready-to-use 1855:1866 arg1 material 1876:1883 a ready-to-use fill-up material 1853:1883 a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site 1853:1989 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 10 76 contain containing 1388:1397 arg2 beads 1399:1403 beads 1399:1403 beads 1399:1403 The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. 25330002 10 76 contain containing 1388:1397 arg1 samples 1380:1386 the samples 1376:1386 the samples containing beads 1376:1403 The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. 25330002 0 77 from beads 43:47 arg1 defect 86:91 a femoral condyle defect 68:91 a femoral condyle defect in rats 68:99 Pullulan/dextran/nHA macroporous composite beads for bone repair in a femoral condyle defect in rats. 25330002 13 78 theme fill-up 1868:1874 arg1 material 1876:1883 a ready-to-use fill-up material 1853:1883 a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site 1853:1989 This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site. 25330002 12 79 theme tissue 1663:1668 arg1 increase 1643:1650 an increase 1640:1650 an increase 1640:1650 Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. 28722323 3 0 theme components 337:346 arg1 stiffness 292:300 intrinsic stiffness 282:300 intrinsic stiffness 282:300 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 3 0 theme components 337:346 arg1 geometry 315:322 rod-like geometry 306:322 rod-like geometry 306:322 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 3 1 dep stiffness 292:300 arg1 The 278:280 The 278:280 The 278:280 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 5 2 theme gels 585:588 arg1 components 560:569 polymeric components 550:569 polymeric components of biological gels 550:588 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 5 3 dep efficiency 633:642 arg1 transfer 651:658 stress transfer 644:658 high efficiency stress transfer 628:658 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 2 4 from Entanglement 170:181 arg1 network 214:220 the network 210:220 the network 210:220 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 5 5 theme stress 644:649 arg1 transfer 651:658 stress transfer 644:658 high efficiency stress transfer 628:658 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 4 6 theme extensive 484:492 arg1 branching 494:502 extensive branching 484:502 extensive branching 484:502 Nature realizes networked gels differently using components with extensive branching. 28722323 1 7 theme three-dimensional 63:79 arg1 3DNs 91:94 3DNs 91:94 3DNs 91:94 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 1 7 theme three-dimensional 63:79 arg1 networks 81:88 three-dimensional networks 63:88 three-dimensional networks (3DNs) 63:95 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 7 8 theme rod-like 915:922 arg1 nanocomponents 924:937 rod-like nanocomponents 915:937 rod-like nanocomponents 915:937 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 3 9 theme physical 381:388 arg1 crosslinks 390:399 the physical crosslinks 377:399 the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials 377:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 3 10 from crosslinks 390:399 arg1 materials 408:416 3DN materials 404:416 3DN materials 404:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 4 11 theme networked 435:443 arg1 gels 445:448 networked gels 435:448 networked gels differently using components with extensive branching 435:502 Nature realizes networked gels differently using components with extensive branching. 28722323 6 12 theme hydrolysis 755:764 arg1 process 766:772 the hydrolysis process 751:772 the hydrolysis process 751:772 Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. 28722323 7 13 theme solid 896:900 arg1 content 902:908 solid content 896:908 solid content than rod-like nanocomponents 896:937 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 2 14 from network 214:220 arg1 Entanglement 170:181 Entanglement 170:181 Entanglement 170:181 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 7 15 theme BANFs 809:813 arg1 connectivity 789:800 The extensive connectivity 775:800 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs 775:813 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 1 16 from Interconnectivity 28:44 arg1 3DNs 91:94 3DNs 91:94 3DNs 91:94 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 1 16 from Interconnectivity 28:44 arg1 networks 81:88 three-dimensional networks 63:88 three-dimensional networks (3DNs) 63:95 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 0 17 theme Aramid 9:14 arg1 Nanofibers 16:25 Branched Aramid Nanofibers 0:25 Branched Aramid Nanofibers 0:25 Branched Aramid Nanofibers. 28722323 3 18 from materials 408:416 arg1 energy 367:372 the cohesive energy 354:372 the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials 354:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 5 19 theme polymeric 550:558 arg1 components 560:569 polymeric components 550:569 polymeric components of biological gels 550:588 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 0 20 theme Branched 0:7 arg1 Nanofibers 16:25 Branched Aramid Nanofibers 0:25 Branched Aramid Nanofibers 0:25 Branched Aramid Nanofibers. 28722323 7 21 theme aerogel 846:852 arg1 monoliths 854:862 hydro- and aerogel monoliths 835:862 hydro- and aerogel monoliths 835:862 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 6 22 with flexible 682:689 arg1 number 701:706 the number 697:706 the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process 697:772 Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. 28722323 5 23 theme high 628:631 arg1 efficiency 633:642 high efficiency stress transfer 628:658 high efficiency stress transfer 628:658 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 5 24 theme Branched 505:512 arg1 nanofibers 521:530 Branched aramid nanofibers 505:530 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels 505:588 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 5 24 theme Branched 505:512 arg1 BANFs 533:537 BANFs 533:537 BANFs 533:537 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 3 25 theme crosslinks 390:399 arg1 energy 367:372 the cohesive energy 354:372 the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials 354:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 2 26 theme intermolecular 249:262 arg1 interactions 264:275 weak short-range intermolecular interactions 232:275 weak short-range intermolecular interactions 232:275 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 1 27 from transfer 121:128 arg1 aerogels 144:151 aerogels 144:151 aerogels 144:151 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 1 27 from transfer 121:128 arg1 composites 158:167 composites 158:167 composites 158:167 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 1 27 from transfer 121:128 arg1 hydrogels 133:141 hydrogels 133:141 hydrogels 133:141 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 7 28 theme hydro- 835:840 arg1 monoliths 854:862 hydro- and aerogel monoliths 835:862 hydro- and aerogel monoliths 835:862 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 5 29 theme aramid 514:519 arg1 nanofibers 521:530 Branched aramid nanofibers 505:530 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels 505:588 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 5 29 theme aramid 514:519 arg1 BANFs 533:537 BANFs 533:537 BANFs 533:537 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 4 30 with components 468:477 arg1 branching 494:502 extensive branching 484:502 extensive branching 484:502 Nature realizes networked gels differently using components with extensive branching. 28722323 5 31 with 3DNs 618:621 arg1 efficiency 633:642 high efficiency stress transfer 628:658 high efficiency stress transfer 628:658 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 3 32 from energy 367:372 arg1 materials 408:416 3DN materials 404:416 3DN materials 404:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 8 33 theme nanofibers 953:962 arg1 Branching 940:948 Branching 940:948 Branching of nanofibers 940:962 Branching of nanofibers also leads to improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites. 28722323 6 34 theme base 734:737 arg1 strength 739:746 base strength 734:746 base strength 734:746 Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. 28722323 2 35 theme weak 232:235 arg1 interactions 264:275 weak short-range intermolecular interactions 232:275 weak short-range intermolecular interactions 232:275 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 6 36 theme branches 711:718 arg1 number 701:706 the number 697:706 the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process 697:772 Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. 28722323 3 37 theme intrinsic 282:290 arg1 stiffness 292:300 intrinsic stiffness 282:300 intrinsic stiffness 282:300 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 1 38 theme stress 114:119 arg1 transfer 121:128 stress transfer 114:128 stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites 114:167 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 6 39 theme Individual 661:670 arg1 BANFs 672:676 Individual BANFs 661:676 Individual BANFs 661:676 Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. 28722323 7 40 theme extensive 779:787 arg1 connectivity 789:800 The extensive connectivity 775:800 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs 775:813 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 3 41 theme nanoscale 327:335 arg1 components 337:346 nanoscale components 327:346 nanoscale components 327:346 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 3 42 theme rod-like 306:313 arg1 geometry 315:322 rod-like geometry 306:322 rod-like geometry 306:322 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 8 43 theme improved 978:985 arg1 mechanics 987:995 improved mechanics 978:995 improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites 978:1022 Branching of nanofibers also leads to improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites. 28722323 8 44 theme nanocomposites 1009:1022 arg1 mechanics 987:995 improved mechanics 978:995 improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites 978:1022 Branching of nanofibers also leads to improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites. 28722323 2 45 theme components 196:205 arg1 Entanglement 170:181 Entanglement 170:181 Entanglement 170:181 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 8 46 theme gels 1000:1003 arg1 mechanics 987:995 improved mechanics 978:995 improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites 978:1022 Branching of nanofibers also leads to improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites. 28722323 7 47 theme magnitude 881:889 arg1 order 872:876 an order 869:876 an order of magnitude 869:889 The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro- and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod-like nanocomponents. 28722323 2 48 theme nanoscale 186:194 arg1 components 196:205 nanoscale components 186:205 nanoscale components 186:205 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 1 49 theme components 49:58 arg1 Interconnectivity 28:44 Interconnectivity 28:44 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) 28:95 Interconnectivity of components in three-dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. 28722323 3 50 theme cohesive 358:365 arg1 energy 367:372 the cohesive energy 354:372 the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials 354:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 28722323 2 51 theme short-range 237:247 arg1 interactions 264:275 weak short-range intermolecular interactions 232:275 weak short-range intermolecular interactions 232:275 Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short-range intermolecular interactions. 28722323 5 52 theme biological 574:583 arg1 gels 585:588 biological gels 574:588 biological gels 574:588 Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. 28722323 3 53 theme 3DN 404:406 arg1 materials 408:416 3DN materials 404:416 3DN materials 404:416 The intrinsic stiffness and rod-like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. 26318448 9 0 theme intestinal 1856:1865 arg1 disease 1867:1873 intestinal disease 1856:1873 intestinal disease 1856:1873 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 9 1 theme disease 1867:1873 arg1 risk 1848:1851 the risk 1844:1851 the risk of intestinal disease 1844:1873 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 0 2 theme amylose/amylopectin 54:72 arg1 ratio 74:78 low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio 41:78 low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio 41:78 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 8 3 theme function 1379:1386 arg1 transformation 1351:1364 a transformation 1349:1364 a transformation of microbial function 1349:1386 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 2 4 theme cecal 314:318 arg1 digesta 320:326 the ileal and cecal digesta 300:326 the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio 300:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 2 5 from community 287:295 arg1 digesta 320:326 the ileal and cecal digesta 300:326 the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio 300:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 1 6 theme distal 227:232 arg1 intestine 234:242 the distal intestine 223:242 the distal intestine 223:242 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 0 7 from Responses 0:8 arg1 bacteria 29:36 ileal and cecal bacteria 13:36 ileal and cecal bacteria 13:36 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 8 8 theme host 1620:1623 arg1 absorb 1625:1630 host absorb 1620:1630 host absorb 1620:1630 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 8 9 theme microbial 1369:1377 arg1 function 1379:1386 microbial function 1369:1386 microbial function 1369:1386 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 7 10 dep minor 1114:1118 arg1 Actinobacillus 1099:1112 Actinobacillus minor 1099:1118 Actinobacillus minor 1099:1118 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 7 11 theme Lactobacillus 1251:1263 arg1 bacteria 1284:1291 Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria 1251:1291 Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria 1251:1291 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 5 12 attach predominant 753:763 arg2 Prevotella 738:747 Prevotella 738:747 Prevotella 738:747 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 5 12 attach predominant 753:763 arg1 samples 774:780 cecal samples 768:780 cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs 768:805 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 2 13 dep 0.43 389:392 arg1 pigs 398:401 HR pigs 395:401 HR pigs 395:401 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 4 14 theme LR 650:651 arg1 pigs 653:656 LR pigs 650:656 LR pigs 650:656 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 9 15 theme conditioned 1724:1734 arg1 pathogens 1736:1744 conditioned pathogens 1724:1744 conditioned pathogens 1724:1744 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 9 16 theme dietary 1683:1689 arg1 amylose 1691:1697 dietary amylose 1683:1697 dietary amylose 1683:1697 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 4 17 theme HR 718:719 arg1 pigs 721:724 HR pigs 718:724 HR pigs (P < 0.05) 718:735 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 4 17 theme HR 718:719 arg1 P < 0.05 727:734 P < 0.05 727:734 P < 0.05 727:734 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 5 18 from predominant 753:763 arg1 samples 774:780 cecal samples 768:780 cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs 768:805 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 5 19 theme significant 820:830 arg1 differences 832:842 no significant differences 817:842 no significant differences 817:842 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 7 20 theme HR 1201:1202 arg1 pigs 1204:1207 HR pigs 1201:1207 HR pigs 1201:1207 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 1 21 theme small 148:152 arg1 intestine 154:162 the small intestine 144:162 the small intestine 144:162 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 0 22 theme growing 89:95 arg1 pigs 97:100 growing pigs 89:100 growing pigs 89:100 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 3 23 theme MiSeq 455:459 arg1 platform 466:473 MiSeq 2000 platform 455:473 MiSeq 2000 platform 455:473 Pyrosequencing based on MiSeq 2000 platform showed that in ileum digesta, Bacteroidetes of LR pigs was markedly higher than that in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 2 24 theme HR 395:396 arg1 pigs 398:401 HR pigs 395:401 HR pigs 395:401 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 2 25 theme amylose/amylopectin 404:422 arg1 ratio 424:428 amylose/amylopectin ratio 404:428 amylose/amylopectin ratio 404:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 4 26 theme predominant 628:638 arg1 genera 640:645 the two most predominant genera 615:645 the two most predominant genera in LR pigs 615:656 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 4 26 theme predominant 628:638 arg1 Megasphaera 583:593 Megasphaera 583:593 Megasphaera 583:593 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 4 26 theme predominant 628:638 arg1 Prevotella 599:608 Prevotella 599:608 Prevotella 599:608 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 6 27 theme concentrations 1035:1048 arg1 increase 1002:1009 an increase 999:1009 an increase of acetate and butyrate concentrations 999:1048 In the ileum, Megasphaera elsdenii and Mitsuokella multacida were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in LR pigs along with an increase of acetate and butyrate concentrations. 26318448 5 28 from samples 774:780 arg1 predominant 753:763 predominant 753:763 predominant 753:763 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 2 29 theme bacterial 277:285 arg1 community 287:295 the bacterial community 273:295 the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio 273:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 2 30 theme pigs 339:342 arg1 digesta 320:326 the ileal and cecal digesta 300:326 the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio 300:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 4 31 theme most 623:626 arg1 genera 640:645 the two most predominant genera 615:645 the two most predominant genera in LR pigs 615:656 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 4 31 theme most 623:626 arg1 Megasphaera 583:593 Megasphaera 583:593 Megasphaera 583:593 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 4 31 theme most 623:626 arg1 Prevotella 599:608 Prevotella 599:608 Prevotella 599:608 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 3 32 dep digesta 496:502 arg1 Bacteroidetes 505:517 digesta, Bacteroidetes 496:517 Bacteroidetes 505:517 Pyrosequencing based on MiSeq 2000 platform showed that in ileum digesta, Bacteroidetes of LR pigs was markedly higher than that in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 0 33 theme ileal 13:17 arg1 bacteria 29:36 ileal and cecal bacteria 13:36 ileal and cecal bacteria 13:36 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 8 34 theme mode 1428:1431 arg1 alteration 1401:1410 the alteration 1397:1410 the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition 1397:1596 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 5 35 theme HR 799:800 arg1 pigs 802:805 both LR and HR pigs 787:805 both LR and HR pigs 787:805 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 8 36 theme changed 1309:1315 arg1 community 1327:1335 the changed bacterial community 1305:1335 the changed bacterial community 1305:1335 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 5 37 theme cecal 768:772 arg1 samples 774:780 cecal samples 768:780 cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs 768:805 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 8 38 theme dietary 1578:1584 arg1 composition 1586:1596 dietary composition 1578:1596 dietary composition 1578:1596 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 9 39 theme pathogens 1736:1744 arg1 due 1768:1770 due 1768:1770 due 1768:1770 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 9 39 theme pathogens 1736:1744 arg1 reduction 1711:1719 the reduction 1707:1719 the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus 1707:1827 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 2 40 theme ileal 304:308 arg1 digesta 320:326 the ileal and cecal digesta 300:326 the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio 300:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 4 41 theme LR 702:703 arg1 pigs 705:708 LR pigs 702:708 LR pigs 702:708 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 9 42 theme amylose 1691:1697 arg1 increase 1671:1678 The increase 1667:1678 The increase of dietary amylose 1667:1697 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 1 43 theme carbon 179:184 arg1 starch 111:116 Dietary starch 103:116 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine 103:162 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 1 43 theme carbon 179:184 arg1 source 186:191 a carbon source 177:191 a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine 177:242 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 0 44 theme cecal 23:27 arg1 bacteria 29:36 ileal and cecal bacteria 13:36 ileal and cecal bacteria 13:36 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 8 45 theme metabolites 1476:1486 arg1 change 1456:1461 the change 1452:1461 the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1452:1544 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 2 46 dep low 359:361 arg1 ratio 424:428 amylose/amylopectin ratio 404:428 amylose/amylopectin ratio 404:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 8 47 theme short-chain 1514:1524 arg1 SCFAs 1539:1543 SCFAs 1539:1543 SCFAs 1539:1543 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 8 47 theme short-chain 1514:1524 arg1 acids 1532:1536 short-chain fatty acids 1514:1536 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1514:1544 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 0 48 theme low 41:43 arg1 ratio 74:78 low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio 41:78 low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio 41:78 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 1 49 from fermentation 207:218 arg1 intestine 234:242 the distal intestine 223:242 the distal intestine 223:242 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 8 50 theme bacterial 1317:1325 arg1 community 1327:1335 the changed bacterial community 1305:1335 the changed bacterial community 1305:1335 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 7 51 theme significant 1216:1226 arg1 increase 1228:1235 a significant increase 1214:1235 a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria 1214:1291 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 7 51 theme significant 1216:1226 arg1 P < 0.01 1238:1245 P < 0.01 1238:1245 P < 0.01 1238:1245 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 8 52 theme composition 1586:1596 arg1 switch 1568:1573 the switch 1564:1573 the switch of dietary composition 1564:1596 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 6 53 theme LR 980:981 arg1 pigs 983:986 LR pigs 980:986 LR pigs 980:986 In the ileum, Megasphaera elsdenii and Mitsuokella multacida were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in LR pigs along with an increase of acetate and butyrate concentrations. 26318448 2 54 with diets 348:352 arg1 0.43 389:392 0.43 389:392 0.43 389:392 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 2 54 with diets 348:352 arg1 high 383:386 high 383:386 high 383:386 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 2 54 with diets 348:352 arg1 low 359:361 low 359:361 low 359:361 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 2 54 with diets 348:352 arg1 pigs 373:376 0.14, LR pigs 364:376 0.14, LR pigs 364:376 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 6 55 theme acetate 1014:1020 arg1 concentrations 1035:1048 acetate and butyrate concentrations 1014:1048 acetate and butyrate concentrations 1014:1048 In the ileum, Megasphaera elsdenii and Mitsuokella multacida were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in LR pigs along with an increase of acetate and butyrate concentrations. 26318448 8 56 theme fermentation 1415:1426 arg1 mode 1428:1431 fermentation mode 1415:1431 fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition 1415:1596 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 1 57 theme Dietary 103:109 arg1 starch 111:116 Dietary starch 103:116 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine 103:162 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 1 57 theme Dietary 103:109 arg1 source 186:191 a carbon source 177:191 a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine 177:242 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 5 58 from pigs 802:805 arg1 samples 774:780 cecal samples 768:780 cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs 768:805 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 6 59 theme butyrate 1026:1033 arg1 concentrations 1035:1048 acetate and butyrate concentrations 1014:1048 acetate and butyrate concentrations 1014:1048 In the ileum, Megasphaera elsdenii and Mitsuokella multacida were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in LR pigs along with an increase of acetate and butyrate concentrations. 26318448 6 60 dep higher 970:975 arg1 P < 0.01 960:967 P < 0.01 960:967 P < 0.01 960:967 In the ileum, Megasphaera elsdenii and Mitsuokella multacida were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in LR pigs along with an increase of acetate and butyrate concentrations. 26318448 7 61 theme bacteria 1284:1291 arg1 increase 1228:1235 a significant increase 1214:1235 a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria 1214:1291 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 7 61 theme bacteria 1284:1291 arg1 P < 0.01 1238:1245 P < 0.01 1238:1245 P < 0.01 1238:1245 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 4 62 from genera 640:645 arg1 pigs 653:656 LR pigs 650:656 LR pigs 650:656 Megasphaera and Prevotella were the two most predominant genera in LR pigs, and Prevotella was significantly higher in LR pigs than in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 7 63 theme acetotolerans-like 1265:1282 arg1 bacteria 1284:1291 Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria 1251:1291 Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria 1251:1291 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 3 64 theme HR 563:564 arg1 pigs 566:569 HR pigs 563:569 HR pigs (P < 0.05) 563:580 Pyrosequencing based on MiSeq 2000 platform showed that in ileum digesta, Bacteroidetes of LR pigs was markedly higher than that in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 3 64 theme HR 563:564 arg1 P < 0.05 572:579 P < 0.05 572:579 P < 0.05 572:579 Pyrosequencing based on MiSeq 2000 platform showed that in ileum digesta, Bacteroidetes of LR pigs was markedly higher than that in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 9 65 theme probiotics 1796:1805 arg1 increase 1779:1786 the increase 1775:1786 the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus 1775:1827 The increase of dietary amylose induced the reduction of conditioned pathogens which may probably be due to the increase of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus, thus reducing the risk of intestinal disease. 26318448 5 66 theme LR 792:793 arg1 pigs 802:805 both LR and HR pigs 787:805 both LR and HR pigs 787:805 Prevotella was predominant in cecal samples from both LR and HR pigs, although no significant differences were found between the two groups. 26318448 8 67 theme acids 1532:1536 arg1 concentration 1497:1509 the concentration 1493:1509 the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1493:1544 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 1 68 theme bacterial 197:205 arg1 fermentation 207:218 bacterial fermentation 197:218 bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine 197:242 Dietary starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation in the distal intestine. 26318448 0 69 theme high 49:52 arg1 ratio 74:78 low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio 41:78 low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio 41:78 Responses in ileal and cecal bacteria to low and high amylose/amylopectin ratio diets in growing pigs. 26318448 3 70 theme LR 522:523 arg1 pigs 525:528 LR pigs 522:528 LR pigs 522:528 Pyrosequencing based on MiSeq 2000 platform showed that in ileum digesta, Bacteroidetes of LR pigs was markedly higher than that in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 2 71 theme growing 331:337 arg1 pigs 339:342 growing pigs 331:342 growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio 331:428 This study aimed to compare the bacterial community in the ileal and cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets with low (0.14, LR pigs) and high (0.43, HR pigs) amylose/amylopectin ratio. 26318448 8 72 theme fatty 1526:1530 arg1 SCFAs 1539:1543 SCFAs 1539:1543 SCFAs 1539:1543 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 8 72 theme fatty 1526:1530 arg1 acids 1532:1536 short-chain fatty acids 1514:1536 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1514:1544 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 8 73 theme microbial 1466:1474 arg1 metabolites 1476:1486 microbial metabolites 1466:1486 microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1466:1544 Therefore, the changed bacterial community may lead to a transformation of microbial function, such as the alteration of fermentation mode which is showed on the change of microbial metabolites like the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to a response to the switch of dietary composition, and in turn, to help host absorb and utilize nutrients efficiently. 26318448 7 74 dep lower 1181:1185 arg1 P < 0.01 1188:1195 P < 0.01 1188:1195 P < 0.01 1188:1195 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 26318448 3 75 theme pigs 525:528 arg1 digesta 496:502 digesta 496:502 digesta 496:502 Pyrosequencing based on MiSeq 2000 platform showed that in ileum digesta, Bacteroidetes of LR pigs was markedly higher than that in HR pigs (P < 0.05). 26318448 7 76 theme class 1136:1140 arg1 Gammaproteobacteria 1142:1160 class Gammaproteobacteria 1136:1160 class Gammaproteobacteria 1136:1160 Halomonas pacifica, Escherichia fergusonii, and Actinobacillus minor which belong to class Gammaproteobacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in HR pigs with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of Lactobacillus acetotolerans-like bacteria. 27083369 6 0 from HA-mineralized 1045:1058 arg1 fiber 1070:1074 PCL/NC fiber 1063:1074 PCL/NC fiber 1063:1074 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on PCL/NC fiber can be prepared directly by simply using SBF immersion. 27083369 1 1 theme HA 172:173 arg1 formation 175:183 HA formation 172:183 HA formation 172:183 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 1 2 theme NC 246:247 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 4 3 theme layer 811:815 arg1 distribution 767:778 their distribution 761:778 their distribution 761:778 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 4 3 theme layer 811:815 arg1 growth 784:789 growth 784:789 growth 784:789 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 3 4 theme crystalline 473:483 arg1 layer 488:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 3 5 theme surface 597:603 arg1 modification 567:578 any additional chemical modification 543:578 any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface 543:603 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 1 6 with scaffold 158:165 arg1 formation 175:183 HA formation 172:183 HA formation 172:183 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 4 7 theme HA 728:729 arg1 nucleus 731:737 HA nucleus 728:737 HA nucleus 728:737 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 5 8 theme PCL/NC/HA 880:888 arg1 scaffolds 890:898 the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds 876:898 the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds 876:898 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 1 9 theme fibrous 250:256 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 4 10 dep approach 691:698 arg1 improve 753:759 improve 753:759 to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds 700:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 4 10 dep approach 691:698 arg1 induce 703:708 induce 703:708 to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds 700:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 0 11 from hydroxyapatite 58:71 arg1 fibers 123:128 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 76:128 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 76:128 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 1 12 from scaffold 158:165 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 3 13 theme biomimetic 462:471 arg1 layer 488:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 2 14 theme PCL/NC 310:315 arg1 mat 323:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat 294:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat 294:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 3 15 theme effective 428:436 arg1 procedure 438:446 such a rapid and effective procedure 411:446 such a rapid and effective procedure 411:446 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 6 16 theme SBF 1117:1119 arg1 immersion 1121:1129 SBF immersion 1117:1129 SBF immersion 1117:1129 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on PCL/NC fiber can be prepared directly by simply using SBF immersion. 27083369 2 17 theme simulated 377:385 arg1 fluid 392:396 simulated body fluid 377:396 simulated body fluid (SBF) 377:402 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 2 17 theme simulated 377:385 arg1 SBF 399:401 SBF 399:401 SBF 399:401 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 0 18 theme /nanocellulose 108:121 arg1 fibers 123:128 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 76:128 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 76:128 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 0 19 from mineralization 40:53 arg1 fibers 123:128 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 76:128 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 76:128 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 4 20 theme nucleus 731:737 arg1 deposition 714:723 the deposition 710:723 the deposition of HA nucleus 710:737 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 5 21 theme water 847:851 arg1 angle 861:865 The water contact angle 843:865 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds 843:898 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 5 21 theme water 847:851 arg1 WCA 868:870 WCA 868:870 WCA 868:870 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 4 22 theme HA 808:809 arg1 layer 811:815 a crystalline HA layer 794:815 a crystalline HA layer 794:815 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 2 23 theme electrospun 298:308 arg1 mat 323:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat 294:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat 294:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 1 24 theme electrospun 192:202 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 0 25 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 composite 11:19 Biomimetic composite 0:19 Biomimetic composite 0:19 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 4 26 theme crystalline 796:806 arg1 layer 811:815 a crystalline HA layer 794:815 a crystalline HA layer 794:815 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 1 27 theme poly 204:207 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 4 28 theme effective 681:689 arg1 introduction 634:645 the introduction 630:645 the introduction of NC into composite fibers 630:673 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 4 28 theme effective 681:689 arg1 approach 691:698 an effective approach 678:698 an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds 678:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 5 29 theme scaffolds 890:898 arg1 angle 861:865 The water contact angle 843:865 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds 843:898 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 5 29 theme scaffolds 890:898 arg1 WCA 868:870 WCA 868:870 WCA 868:870 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 6 30 theme PCL/NC 1063:1068 arg1 fiber 1070:1074 PCL/NC fiber 1063:1074 PCL/NC fiber 1063:1074 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on PCL/NC fiber can be prepared directly by simply using SBF immersion. 27083369 5 31 theme hydrophilicity 1000:1013 arg1 enhancement 979:989 the enhancement 975:989 the enhancement of their hydrophilicity 975:1013 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 4 32 theme composite 658:666 arg1 fibers 668:673 composite fibers 658:673 composite fibers 658:673 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 1 33 theme ɛ-caprolactone 209:222 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 3 34 theme chemical 558:565 arg1 modification 567:578 any additional chemical modification 543:578 any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface 543:603 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 3 35 theme modification 567:578 arg1 need 535:538 the need 531:538 the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface 531:603 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 2 36 from treatment 364:372 arg1 fluid 392:396 simulated body fluid 377:396 simulated body fluid (SBF) 377:402 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 2 36 from treatment 364:372 arg1 SBF 399:401 SBF 399:401 SBF 399:401 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 2 37 theme body 387:390 arg1 fluid 392:396 simulated body fluid 377:396 simulated body fluid (SBF) 377:402 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 2 37 theme body 387:390 arg1 SBF 399:401 SBF 399:401 SBF 399:401 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 0 38 theme hydroxyapatite 58:71 arg1 mineralization 40:53 mineralization 40:53 mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 40:128 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 4 39 theme fibrous 824:830 arg1 scaffolds 832:840 the fibrous scaffolds 820:840 the fibrous scaffolds 820:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 5 40 theme contact 853:859 arg1 angle 861:865 The water contact angle 843:865 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds 843:898 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 5 40 theme contact 853:859 arg1 WCA 868:870 WCA 868:870 WCA 868:870 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 0 41 from fibers 123:128 arg1 mineralization 40:53 mineralization 40:53 mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 40:128 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 3 42 theme additional 547:556 arg1 modification 567:578 any additional chemical modification 543:578 any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface 543:603 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 4 43 from distribution 767:778 arg1 scaffolds 832:840 the fibrous scaffolds 820:840 the fibrous scaffolds 820:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 3 44 theme continuous 451:460 arg1 layer 488:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 5 45 theme NC 926:927 arg1 content 929:935 NC content 926:935 NC content 926:935 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 3 46 theme substrate 587:595 arg1 surface 597:603 the substrate surface 583:603 the substrate surface 583:603 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 1 47 theme biomimetic 133:142 arg1 scaffold 158:165 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold 131:165 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 131:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 1 48 theme PCL 226:228 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 0 49 dep scaffolds 21:29 arg1 based 31:35 based 31:35 scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers 21:128 Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers. 27083369 1 50 theme nanocomposite 144:156 arg1 scaffold 158:165 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold 131:165 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 131:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 2 51 theme fiber 317:321 arg1 mat 323:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat 294:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat 294:325 The electrospun PCL/NC fiber mat was built and then biomineralized by treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF). 27083369 3 52 theme rapid 418:422 arg1 procedure 438:446 such a rapid and effective procedure 411:446 such a rapid and effective procedure 411:446 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 3 53 theme HA 485:486 arg1 layer 488:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer 449:492 Using such a rapid and effective procedure, a continuous biomimetic crystalline HA layer could be successfully formed without the need of any additional chemical modification of the substrate surface. 27083369 1 54 theme /nanocellulose 230:243 arg1 matrix 258:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix 188:263 A biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold with HA formation on the electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) fibrous matrix was developed in this study. 27083369 5 55 theme mineralization 941:954 arg1 time 956:959 mineralization time 941:959 mineralization time 941:959 The water contact angle (WCA) of the PCL/NC/HA scaffolds decreases with increasing NC content and mineralization time, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity. 27083369 4 56 from growth 784:789 arg1 scaffolds 832:840 the fibrous scaffolds 820:840 the fibrous scaffolds 820:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 4 57 theme NC 650:651 arg1 introduction 634:645 the introduction 630:645 the introduction of NC into composite fibers 630:673 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 27083369 4 57 theme NC 650:651 arg1 approach 691:698 an effective approach 678:698 an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds 678:840 The results showed that the introduction of NC into composite fibers is an effective approach to induce the deposition of HA nucleus as well as to improve their distribution and growth of a crystalline HA layer on the fibrous scaffolds. 24631078 2 0 theme efficacy 355:362 arg1 study 364:368 a preclinical safety and efficacy study 330:368 a preclinical safety and efficacy study 330:368 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 9 1 theme relative 1463:1470 arg1 humidity 1472:1479 relative humidity 1463:1479 60% relative humidity 1459:1479 Storage data revealed high stability of protected vaccines at 4°C and 25°C, 60% relative humidity, for at least three months. 24631078 12 2 theme non 2104:2106 arg1 vaccine 2122:2128 non SPS-protected vaccine 2104:2128 non SPS-protected vaccine 2104:2128 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 14 3 theme potential 2309:2317 arg1 utility 2319:2325 the potential utility 2305:2325 the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities 2305:2456 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 1 4 theme vaccine 257:263 arg1 manufacturing 265:277 vaccine manufacturing 257:277 vaccine manufacturing 257:277 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 13 5 theme pdm09 2248:2252 arg1 vaccine 2266:2272 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 3 6 theme antigen 568:574 arg1 efficacy 550:557 the efficacy 546:557 the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) 546:617 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 11 7 theme similar 1884:1890 arg1 levels 1907:1912 similar seroconversion levels 1884:1912 similar seroconversion levels 1884:1912 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 2 8 theme current 309:315 arg1 restrictions 317:328 current restrictions 309:328 current restrictions 309:328 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 1 9 theme cooled 171:176 arg1 storage 178:184 cooled storage 171:184 cooled storage 171:184 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 6 10 theme In 994:995 arg1 experiments 1013:1023 In vitro screening experiments 994:1023 In vitro screening experiments 994:1023 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 8 11 theme Redispersed 1300:1310 arg1 formulations 1312:1323 Redispersed formulations 1300:1323 Redispersed formulations with original adjuvant 1300:1346 Redispersed formulations with original adjuvant were administered intramuscularly. 24631078 0 12 theme sterilised 104:113 arg1 vaccines 115:122 spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines 74:122 spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates 74:144 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 13 13 theme A 2241:2241 arg1 pdm09 2248:2252 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 2231:2252 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 3 14 theme solutions 603:611 arg1 efficacy 550:557 the efficacy 546:557 the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) 546:617 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 10 15 theme haemagglutination 1647:1663 arg1 inhibition 1665:1674 haemagglutination inhibition 1647:1674 haemagglutination inhibition 1647:1674 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 1 16 from drawbacks 244:252 arg1 distribution 283:294 distribution 283:294 distribution 283:294 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 1 16 from drawbacks 244:252 arg1 manufacturing 265:277 vaccine manufacturing 257:277 vaccine manufacturing 257:277 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 7 17 theme in 1189:1190 arg1 assessment 1197:1206 in vivo assessment 1189:1206 in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) 1189:1268 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 5 18 theme Antigen 852:858 arg1 integrity 860:868 Antigen integrity 852:868 Antigen integrity 852:868 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 12 19 theme minor 2066:2070 arg1 effects 2072:2078 only minor effects 2061:2078 only minor effects 2061:2078 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 13 20 theme terminal 2205:2212 arg1 sterilisation 2214:2226 spray-drying and terminal sterilisation 2188:2226 spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2188:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 12 21 contain had 2057:2059 arg1 immunisation 1965:1976 Boost immunisation 1959:1976 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine 1959:2003 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 12 21 contain had 2057:2059 arg2 effects 2072:2078 only minor effects 2061:2078 only minor effects 2061:2078 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 4 22 dep Original 725:732 arg1 vaccine 753:759 re-buffered vaccine 741:759 re-buffered vaccine 741:759 Original or SPS re-buffered vaccine (Pandemrix) was spray-dried and terminally sterilised by irradiation with 25 kGy (e-beam). 24631078 5 23 theme exclusion 928:936 arg1 chromatography 938:951 size exclusion chromatography 923:951 size exclusion chromatography 923:951 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 6 24 dep In 994:995 arg1 vitro 997:1001 vitro 997:1001 vitro 997:1001 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 14 25 theme chain 2441:2445 arg1 facilities 2447:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 14 26 with countries 2411:2419 arg1 facilities 2447:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 7 27 dep in 1189:1190 arg1 vivo 1192:1195 vivo 1192:1195 vivo 1192:1195 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 14 28 theme uncertain 2426:2434 arg1 facilities 2447:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 4 29 with irradiation 818:828 arg1 e-beam 843:848 e-beam 843:848 e-beam 843:848 Original or SPS re-buffered vaccine (Pandemrix) was spray-dried and terminally sterilised by irradiation with 25 kGy (e-beam). 24631078 4 29 with irradiation 818:828 arg1 kGy 838:840 25 kGy 835:840 25 kGy (e-beam) 835:849 Original or SPS re-buffered vaccine (Pandemrix) was spray-dried and terminally sterilised by irradiation with 25 kGy (e-beam). 24631078 7 30 theme Macaca 1249:1254 arg1 primates 1239:1246 non-human primates 1229:1246 non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) 1229:1268 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 7 30 theme Macaca 1249:1254 arg1 fascicularis 1256:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 13 31 theme spray-drying 2188:2199 arg1 sterilisation 2214:2226 spray-drying and terminal sterilisation 2188:2226 spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2188:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 12 32 theme strong 2019:2024 arg1 increase 2026:2033 a strong increase 2017:2033 a strong increase in seroconversion 2017:2051 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 5 33 theme light 905:909 arg1 scattering 911:920 dynamic light scattering 897:920 dynamic light scattering 897:920 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 6 34 theme screening 1003:1011 arg1 experiments 1013:1023 In vitro screening experiments 994:1023 In vitro screening experiments 994:1023 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 6 35 contain containing 1073:1082 arg2 chitosan 1116:1123 chitosan 1116:1123 chitosan 1116:1123 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 6 35 contain containing 1073:1082 arg1 compositions 1060:1071 highly stable compositions 1046:1071 highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan 1046:1123 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 6 35 contain containing 1073:1082 arg2 acid 1099:1102 glycyrrhizinic acid 1084:1102 glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) 1084:1107 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 6 35 contain containing 1073:1082 arg2 GA 1105:1106 GA 1105:1106 GA 1105:1106 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 2 36 dep conducted 374:382 arg1 overcome 300:307 overcome 300:307 To overcome current restrictions 297:328 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 2 37 theme influenza 400:408 arg1 formulations 420:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 13 38 theme vaccine 2266:2272 arg1 sterilisation 2214:2226 spray-drying and terminal sterilisation 2188:2226 spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2188:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 9 39 theme Storage 1383:1389 arg1 data 1391:1394 Storage data 1383:1394 Storage data 1383:1394 Storage data revealed high stability of protected vaccines at 4°C and 25°C, 60% relative humidity, for at least three months. 24631078 11 40 theme spray-dried 1732:1742 arg1 Pandemrix 1759:1767 spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix 1732:1767 spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix 1732:1767 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 10 41 theme microneutralisation 1680:1698 arg1 assays 1700:1705 microneutralisation assays 1680:1705 microneutralisation assays 1680:1705 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 10 42 theme expected 1556:1563 arg1 levels 1565:1570 expected levels 1556:1570 expected levels of seroconversion 1556:1588 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 14 43 theme needle-free 2364:2374 arg1 routes 2388:2393 needle-free vaccination routes 2364:2393 needle-free vaccination routes 2364:2393 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 0 44 theme protective 13:22 arg1 immunity 24:31 protective immunity 13:31 protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1) 13:62 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 5 45 theme haemagglutination 968:984 arg1 assays 986:991 functional haemagglutination assays 957:991 functional haemagglutination assays 957:991 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 6 46 theme glycyrrhizinic 1084:1097 arg1 GA 1105:1106 GA 1105:1106 GA 1105:1106 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 6 46 theme glycyrrhizinic 1084:1097 arg1 acid 1099:1102 glycyrrhizinic acid 1084:1102 glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) 1084:1107 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 2 47 theme vaccine 412:418 arg1 formulations 420:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 9 48 theme protected 1423:1431 arg1 vaccines 1433:1440 protected vaccines 1423:1440 protected vaccines 1423:1440 Storage data revealed high stability of protected vaccines at 4°C and 25°C, 60% relative humidity, for at least three months. 24631078 6 49 theme compositions 1060:1071 arg1 number 1036:1041 a number 1034:1041 a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan 1034:1123 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 2 50 theme irradiation-mediated 482:501 arg1 damage 503:508 irradiation-mediated damage 482:508 irradiation-mediated damage 482:508 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 3 51 theme split 653:657 arg1 antigen 665:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 0 52 theme influenza 46:54 arg1 H1N1 58:61 H1N1 58:61 H1N1 58:61 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 0 52 theme influenza 46:54 arg1 A 56:56 H1N1 influenza A 41:56 H1N1 influenza A(H1N1) 41:62 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 2 53 theme preclinical 332:342 arg1 study 364:368 a preclinical safety and efficacy study 330:368 a preclinical safety and efficacy study 330:368 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 14 54 theme vaccines 2346:2353 arg1 utility 2319:2325 the potential utility 2305:2325 the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities 2305:2456 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 3 55 theme experimental 679:690 arg1 conditions 692:701 experimental conditions 679:701 experimental conditions 679:701 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 1 56 theme sterilisation 220:232 arg1 drawbacks 244:252 major drawbacks 238:252 major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution 238:294 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 1 56 theme sterilisation 220:232 arg1 need 162:165 the need 158:165 the need for cooled storage 158:184 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 1 56 theme sterilisation 220:232 arg1 impossibility 194:206 the impossibility 190:206 the impossibility of terminal sterilisation 190:232 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 7 57 theme seroconversion 1211:1224 arg1 tests 1179:1183 storage tests 1171:1183 storage tests 1171:1183 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 7 57 theme seroconversion 1211:1224 arg1 assessment 1197:1206 in vivo assessment 1189:1206 in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) 1189:1268 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 14 58 theme such 2330:2333 arg1 vaccines 2346:2353 such formulated vaccines 2330:2353 such formulated vaccines 2330:2353 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 1 59 theme major 238:242 arg1 drawbacks 244:252 major drawbacks 238:252 major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution 238:294 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 1 59 theme major 238:242 arg1 need 162:165 the need 158:165 the need for cooled storage 158:184 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 1 59 theme major 238:242 arg1 impossibility 194:206 the impossibility 190:206 the impossibility of terminal sterilisation 190:232 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 11 60 theme irradiated 1748:1757 arg1 Pandemrix 1759:1767 spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix 1732:1767 spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix 1732:1767 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 7 61 theme stable 1135:1140 arg1 composition 1142:1152 The most stable composition 1126:1152 The most stable composition 1126:1152 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 3 62 theme stabilizing 576:586 arg1 antigen 568:574 novel antigen stabilizing 562:586 novel antigen stabilizing 562:586 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 13 63 theme virus 2260:2264 arg1 vaccine 2266:2272 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 12 64 dep immunisation 1965:1976 arg1 Boost 1959:1963 Boost 1959:1963 Boost 1959:1963 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 8 65 with formulations 1312:1323 arg1 adjuvant 1339:1346 adjuvant 1339:1346 adjuvant 1339:1346 Redispersed formulations with original adjuvant were administered intramuscularly. 24631078 3 66 theme novel 562:566 arg1 antigen 568:574 novel antigen stabilizing 562:586 novel antigen stabilizing 562:586 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 7 67 theme storage 1171:1177 arg1 tests 1179:1183 storage tests 1171:1183 storage tests 1171:1183 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 11 68 theme seroconversion 1892:1905 arg1 levels 1907:1912 similar seroconversion levels 1884:1912 similar seroconversion levels 1884:1912 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 3 69 theme protecting 592:601 arg1 solutions 603:611 protecting solutions 592:611 protecting solutions (SPS) 592:617 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 3 69 theme protecting 592:601 arg1 SPS 614:616 SPS 614:616 SPS 614:616 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 13 70 from conclusion 2134:2143 arg1 feasible 2277:2284 feasible 2277:2284 feasible 2277:2284 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 0 71 theme non-human 127:135 arg1 primates 137:144 non-human primates 127:144 non-human primates 127:144 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 7 72 theme non-human 1229:1237 arg1 primates 1239:1246 non-human primates 1229:1246 non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) 1229:1268 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 7 72 theme non-human 1229:1237 arg1 fascicularis 1256:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 10 73 dep days 1599:1602 arg1 prime 1605:1609 prime 1605:1609 prime 1605:1609 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 11 74 dep spray-dried 1824:1834 arg1 SPS-protected 1852:1864 SPS-protected 1852:1864 SPS-protected 1852:1864 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 13 75 theme split 2254:2258 arg1 vaccine 2266:2272 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 3 76 theme H1N1 642:645 arg1 antigen 665:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 5 77 theme size 923:926 arg1 chromatography 938:951 size exclusion chromatography 923:951 size exclusion chromatography 923:951 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 6 78 theme stable 1053:1058 arg1 compositions 1060:1071 highly stable compositions 1046:1071 highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan 1046:1123 In vitro screening experiments revealed a number of highly stable compositions containing glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and/or chitosan. 24631078 9 79 dep % 1461:1461 arg1 humidity 1472:1479 relative humidity 1463:1479 60% relative humidity 1459:1479 Storage data revealed high stability of protected vaccines at 4°C and 25°C, 60% relative humidity, for at least three months. 24631078 11 80 theme spray-dried 1824:1834 arg1 vaccines 1866:1873 spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines 1824:1873 spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines 1824:1873 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 13 81 theme influenza 2231:2239 arg1 H1N1 2243:2246 H1N1 2243:2246 H1N1 2243:2246 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 13 81 theme influenza 2231:2239 arg1 A 2241:2241 influenza A 2231:2241 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine 2231:2272 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 3 82 theme A 640:640 arg1 antigen 665:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 12 83 from increase 2026:2033 arg1 seroconversion 2038:2051 seroconversion 2038:2051 seroconversion 2038:2051 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 14 84 theme cold 2436:2439 arg1 facilities 2447:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 uncertain cold chain facilities 2426:2456 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 5 85 theme dynamic 897:903 arg1 scattering 911:920 dynamic light scattering 897:920 dynamic light scattering 897:920 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 2 86 theme storage 514:520 arg1 stability 522:530 storage stability 514:530 storage stability 514:530 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 7 87 from tests 1179:1183 arg1 primates 1239:1246 non-human primates 1229:1246 non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) 1229:1268 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 7 87 from tests 1179:1183 arg1 fascicularis 1256:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 0 88 theme spray-dried 74:84 arg1 vaccines 115:122 spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines 74:122 spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates 74:144 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 11 89 theme irradiated 1840:1849 arg1 vaccines 1866:1873 spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines 1824:1873 spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines 1824:1873 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 0 90 theme electron-beam 90:102 arg1 vaccines 115:122 spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines 74:122 spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates 74:144 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 7 91 from assessment 1197:1206 arg1 primates 1239:1246 non-human primates 1229:1246 non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) 1229:1268 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 7 91 from assessment 1197:1206 arg1 fascicularis 1256:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 Macaca fascicularis 1249:1267 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 2 92 theme new 396:398 arg1 formulations 420:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 13 93 theme formulation 2164:2174 arg1 technology 2176:2185 the SPS formulation technology 2156:2185 the SPS formulation technology 2156:2185 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 10 94 dep days 1619:1622 arg1 boost 1625:1629 boost 1625:1629 boost 1625:1629 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 4 95 theme re-buffered 741:751 arg1 vaccine 753:759 re-buffered vaccine 741:759 re-buffered vaccine 741:759 Original or SPS re-buffered vaccine (Pandemrix) was spray-dried and terminally sterilised by irradiation with 25 kGy (e-beam). 24631078 14 96 theme vaccination 2376:2386 arg1 routes 2388:2393 needle-free vaccination routes 2364:2393 needle-free vaccination routes 2364:2393 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 0 97 theme immunity 24:31 arg1 Induction 0:8 Induction 0:8 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1) 0:62 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 9 98 theme high 1405:1408 arg1 stability 1410:1418 high stability 1405:1418 high stability of protected vaccines 1405:1440 Storage data revealed high stability of protected vaccines at 4°C and 25°C, 60% relative humidity, for at least three months. 24631078 5 99 theme functional 957:966 arg1 assays 986:991 functional haemagglutination assays 957:991 functional haemagglutination assays 957:991 Antigen integrity was monitored by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and functional haemagglutination assays. 24631078 2 100 theme thermal 443:449 arg1 resistance 451:460 thermal resistance 443:460 thermal resistance 443:460 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 3 101 theme virus 659:663 arg1 antigen 665:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 0 102 theme H1N1 41:44 arg1 H1N1 58:61 H1N1 58:61 H1N1 58:61 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 0 102 theme H1N1 41:44 arg1 A 56:56 H1N1 influenza A 41:56 H1N1 influenza A(H1N1) 41:62 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 12 103 theme SPS-protected 1983:1995 arg1 vaccine 1997:2003 SPS-protected vaccine 1983:2003 SPS-protected vaccine 1983:2003 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 10 104 theme original 1527:1534 arg1 Pandemrix 1536:1544 original Pandemrix 1527:1544 original Pandemrix 1527:1544 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 12 105 with immunisation 1965:1976 arg1 vaccine 1997:2003 SPS-protected vaccine 1983:2003 SPS-protected vaccine 1983:2003 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 24631078 2 106 theme A 410:410 arg1 formulations 420:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 new influenza A vaccine formulations 396:431 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 9 107 theme vaccines 1433:1440 arg1 stability 1410:1418 high stability 1405:1418 high stability of protected vaccines 1405:1440 Storage data revealed high stability of protected vaccines at 4°C and 25°C, 60% relative humidity, for at least three months. 24631078 14 108 theme formulated 2335:2344 arg1 vaccines 2346:2353 such formulated vaccines 2330:2353 such formulated vaccines 2330:2353 Findings indicate the potential utility of such formulated vaccines e.g. for needle-free vaccination routes and delivery to countries with uncertain cold chain facilities. 24631078 13 109 theme SPS 2160:2162 arg1 technology 2176:2185 the SPS formulation technology 2156:2185 the SPS formulation technology 2156:2185 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 10 110 theme seroconversion 1575:1588 arg1 levels 1565:1570 expected levels 1556:1570 expected levels of seroconversion 1556:1588 Animals receiving original Pandemrix exhibited expected levels of seroconversion after 21 days (prime) and 48 days (boost) as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. 24631078 2 111 theme safety 344:349 arg1 study 364:368 a preclinical safety and efficacy study 330:368 a preclinical safety and efficacy study 330:368 To overcome current restrictions a preclinical safety and efficacy study was conducted to evaluate new influenza A vaccine formulations regarding thermal resistance, resistance against irradiation-mediated damage and storage stability. 24631078 3 112 theme influenza 630:638 arg1 antigen 665:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen 630:671 We evaluated the efficacy of novel antigen stabilizing and protecting solutions (SPS) to protect influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus antigen under experimental conditions in vitro and in vivo. 24631078 13 113 from feasible 2277:2284 arg1 conclusion 2134:2143 conclusion 2134:2143 conclusion 2134:2143 In conclusion, utilising the SPS formulation technology, spray-drying and terminal sterilisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 split virus vaccine is feasible. 24631078 11 114 theme original 1939:1946 arg1 Pandemrix 1948:1956 original Pandemrix 1939:1956 original Pandemrix 1939:1956 Animals vaccinated with spray-dried and irradiated Pandemrix failed to exhibit seroconversion after 21 days whereas spray-dried and irradiated, SPS-protected vaccines elicited similar seroconversion levels to those vaccinated with original Pandemrix. 24631078 1 115 theme terminal 211:218 arg1 sterilisation 220:232 terminal sterilisation 211:232 terminal sterilisation 211:232 Currently, the need for cooled storage and the impossibility of terminal sterilisation are major drawbacks in vaccine manufacturing and distribution. 24631078 7 116 theme prime-boost 1278:1288 arg1 strategy 1290:1297 a prime-boost strategy 1276:1297 a prime-boost strategy 1276:1297 The most stable composition was selected for storage tests and in vivo assessment of seroconversion in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) using a prime-boost strategy. 24631078 0 117 from vaccines 115:122 arg1 primates 137:144 non-human primates 127:144 non-human primates 127:144 Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates. 24631078 12 118 theme SPS-protected 2108:2120 arg1 vaccine 2122:2128 non SPS-protected vaccine 2104:2128 non SPS-protected vaccine 2104:2128 Boost immunisation with SPS-protected vaccine resulted in a strong increase in seroconversion but had only minor effects in animals treated with non SPS-protected vaccine. 25585639 0 0 theme Fenton 81:86 arg1 process 88:94 the Fenton process 77:94 the Fenton process 77:94 Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acid mixtures in aqueous sucrose solutions by the Fenton process. 25585639 6 1 theme sucrose 919:925 arg1 solution 927:934 sucrose solution 919:934 sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) 919:965 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 8 2 theme other 1356:1360 arg1 acids 1362:1366 the other acids 1352:1366 the other acids 1352:1366 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 4 3 theme influential 648:658 arg1 parameter 660:668 the most influential parameter 639:668 the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded 639:729 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 4 3 theme influential 648:658 arg1 Sucrose 627:633 Sucrose 627:633 Sucrose 627:633 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 3 4 theme total 606:610 arg1 HCAs 612:615 the total HCAs 602:615 the total HCAs 602:615 Four quadratic polynomial models were developed for the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture and the total HCAs degraded. 25585639 6 5 theme parameters 848:857 arg1 values 826:831 The optimal values 814:831 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) 814:965 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 6 5 theme parameters 848:857 arg1 % 974:974 77% 972:974 77% 972:974 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 8 6 with complex 1382:1388 arg1 III 1398:1400 III 1398:1400 III 1398:1400 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 6 with complex 1382:1388 arg1 III 1414:1416 III 1414:1416 III 1414:1416 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 6 with complex 1382:1388 arg1 Fe 1395:1396 Fe 1395:1396 Fe 1395:1396 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 6 with complex 1382:1388 arg1 Fe 1411:1412 Fe 1411:1412 Fe 1411:1412 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 3 7 theme polynomial 506:515 arg1 models 517:522 Four quadratic polynomial models 491:522 Four quadratic polynomial models 491:522 Four quadratic polynomial models were developed for the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture and the total HCAs degraded. 25585639 6 8 theme mass 940:943 arg1 % 945:945 13 mass % 937:945 13 mass % 937:945 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 2 9 theme parameters 479:488 arg1 effects 460:466 the interactive effects 444:466 the interactive effects of process parameters 444:488 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 6 10 theme process 840:846 arg1 parameters 848:857 the process parameters 836:857 the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture 836:884 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 4 11 theme degraded 722:729 arg1 HCA 718:720 HCA degraded 718:729 HCA degraded 718:729 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 1 12 contain containing 239:248 arg1 solutions 229:237 aqueous sucrose solutions 213:237 aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 213:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 12 contain containing 239:248 arg2 mixture 254:260 the mixture 250:260 the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 250:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 13 theme aqueous 213:219 arg1 solutions 229:237 aqueous sucrose solutions 213:237 aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 213:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 2 14 theme process 471:477 arg1 parameters 479:488 process parameters 471:488 process parameters 471:488 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 5 15 from loss 780:783 arg1 reactions 803:811 all reactions 799:811 all reactions 799:811 Under the conditions studied there was a <0.01% loss of sucrose in all reactions. 25585639 8 16 theme degradation 1105:1115 arg1 behavior 1117:1124 The degradation behavior 1101:1124 The degradation behavior of CaA 1101:1131 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 1 17 from behaviors 130:138 arg1 solutions 229:237 aqueous sucrose solutions 213:237 aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 213:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 3 18 theme quadratic 496:504 arg1 models 517:522 Four quadratic polynomial models 491:522 Four quadratic polynomial models 491:522 Four quadratic polynomial models were developed for the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture and the total HCAs degraded. 25585639 6 19 theme 200 865:867 arg1 mg/L 869:872 mg/L 869:872 mg/L 869:872 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 6 20 dep solution 927:934 arg1 % 945:945 13 mass % 937:945 13 mass % 937:945 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 1 21 theme p-coumaric 163:172 arg1 pCoA 180:183 pCoA 180:183 pCoA 180:183 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 21 theme p-coumaric 163:172 arg1 acid 174:177 p-coumaric acid 163:177 p-coumaric acid (pCoA) 163:184 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 5 22 theme <0.01 773:777 arg1 % 778:778 % 778:778 % 778:778 Under the conditions studied there was a <0.01% loss of sucrose in all reactions. 25585639 1 23 theme sucrose 221:227 arg1 solutions 229:237 aqueous sucrose solutions 213:237 aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 213:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 6 24 theme mg/L 869:872 arg1 mixture 878:884 a 200 mg/L HCA mixture 863:884 a 200 mg/L HCA mixture 863:884 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 1 25 from efficiencies 113:124 arg1 solutions 229:237 aqueous sucrose solutions 213:237 aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 213:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 4 26 theme total 702:706 arg1 HCA 718:720 HCA degraded 718:729 HCA degraded 718:729 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 4 26 theme total 702:706 arg1 amount 708:713 the total amount 698:713 the total amount of HCA degraded 698:729 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 3 27 from degradation 547:557 arg1 mixture 590:596 the mixture 586:596 the mixture 586:596 Four quadratic polynomial models were developed for the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture and the total HCAs degraded. 25585639 1 28 theme acid 174:177 arg1 behaviors 130:138 behaviors 130:138 behaviors 130:138 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 28 theme acid 174:177 arg1 efficiencies 113:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 0 29 theme acid 31:34 arg1 Degradation 0:10 Degradation 0:10 Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acid 0:34 Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acid mixtures in aqueous sucrose solutions by the Fenton process. 25585639 4 30 theme HCA 718:720 arg1 HCA 718:720 HCA degraded 718:729 HCA degraded 718:729 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 4 30 theme HCA 718:720 arg1 amount 708:713 the total amount 698:713 the total amount of HCA degraded 698:729 Sucrose was the most influential parameter that significantly affected the total amount of HCA degraded. 25585639 0 31 theme hydroxycinnamic 15:29 arg1 acid 31:34 hydroxycinnamic acid 15:34 hydroxycinnamic acid 15:34 Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acid mixtures in aqueous sucrose solutions by the Fenton process. 25585639 1 32 theme Fenton 320:325 arg1 process 337:343 the Fenton oxidation process 316:343 the Fenton oxidation process 316:343 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 33 theme degradation 101:111 arg1 efficiencies 113:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 5 34 theme sucrose 788:794 arg1 loss 780:783 a <0.01% loss 771:783 a <0.01% loss of sucrose in all reactions 771:811 Under the conditions studied there was a <0.01% loss of sucrose in all reactions. 25585639 7 35 theme fit 1038:1040 arg1 goodness 1026:1033 goodness 1026:1033 goodness of fit between the experimental results and the predicted values 1026:1098 Regression analysis showed goodness of fit between the experimental results and the predicted values. 25585639 1 36 theme oxidation 327:335 arg1 process 337:343 the Fenton oxidation process 316:343 the Fenton oxidation process 316:343 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 2 37 theme composite 354:362 arg1 design 364:369 Central composite design 346:369 Central composite design 346:369 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 7 38 theme Regression 999:1008 arg1 analysis 1010:1017 Regression analysis 999:1017 Regression analysis 999:1017 Regression analysis showed goodness of fit between the experimental results and the predicted values. 25585639 8 39 theme ATR-FTIR 1308:1315 arg1 spectroscopy 1317:1328 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 1308:1328 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 1308:1328 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 2 40 theme surface 389:395 arg1 methodology 397:407 multiresponse surface methodology 375:407 multiresponse surface methodology 375:407 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 2 41 theme Central 346:352 arg1 design 364:369 Central composite design 346:369 Central composite design 346:369 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 0 42 theme sucrose 56:62 arg1 solutions 64:72 aqueous sucrose solutions 48:72 aqueous sucrose solutions 48:72 Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acid mixtures in aqueous sucrose solutions by the Fenton process. 25585639 7 43 theme predicted 1083:1091 arg1 values 1093:1098 the predicted values 1079:1098 the predicted values 1079:1098 Regression analysis showed goodness of fit between the experimental results and the predicted values. 25585639 6 44 theme optimal 818:824 arg1 values 826:831 The optimal values 814:831 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) 814:965 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 6 44 theme optimal 818:824 arg1 % 974:974 77% 972:974 77% 972:974 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 0 45 theme aqueous 48:54 arg1 solutions 64:72 aqueous sucrose solutions 48:72 aqueous sucrose solutions 48:72 Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acid mixtures in aqueous sucrose solutions by the Fenton process. 25585639 6 46 theme HCA 874:876 arg1 mixture 878:884 a 200 mg/L HCA mixture 863:884 a 200 mg/L HCA mixture 863:884 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 1 47 theme acids 287:291 arg1 mixture 254:260 the mixture 250:260 the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 250:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 5 48 theme % 778:778 arg1 loss 780:783 a <0.01% loss 771:783 a <0.01% loss of sucrose in all reactions 771:811 Under the conditions studied there was a <0.01% loss of sucrose in all reactions. 25585639 7 49 theme experimental 1054:1065 arg1 results 1067:1073 the experimental results 1050:1073 the experimental results 1050:1073 Regression analysis showed goodness of fit between the experimental results and the predicted values. 25585639 1 50 theme hydroxycinnamic 271:285 arg1 HCAs 294:297 HCAs 294:297 HCAs 294:297 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 50 theme hydroxycinnamic 271:285 arg1 acids 287:291 these hydroxycinnamic acids 265:291 these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) 265:298 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 6 51 dep water 889:893 arg1 °C 911:912 25.15 °C 905:912 25.15 °C 905:912 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 6 51 dep water 889:893 arg1 pH 896:897 pH 4.73 896:902 pH 4.73 896:902 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 3 52 theme individual 567:576 arg1 acid 578:581 each individual acid 562:581 each individual acid 562:581 Four quadratic polynomial models were developed for the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture and the total HCAs degraded. 25585639 8 53 dep differences 1266:1276 arg1 pH. 1258:1260 pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) 1258:1329 pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) 1258:1329 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 53 dep differences 1266:1276 arg1 established 1279:1289 established 1279:1289 established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 1279:1328 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 54 theme CaA 1129:1131 arg1 behavior 1117:1124 The degradation behavior 1101:1124 The degradation behavior of CaA 1101:1131 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 6 55 dep % 945:945 arg1 °C 963:964 35.98 °C 957:964 35.98 °C 957:964 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 6 55 dep % 945:945 arg1 pH 948:949 pH 5.39 948:954 pH 5.39 948:954 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 8 56 theme CaA 1184:1186 arg1 degradation 1188:1198 further CaA degradation 1176:1198 further CaA degradation 1176:1198 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 57 dep solution 1249:1256 arg1 were 1331:1334 were 1331:1334 were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide 1331:1504 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 58 theme further 1176:1182 arg1 degradation 1188:1198 further CaA degradation 1176:1198 further CaA degradation 1176:1198 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 1 59 theme ferulic 191:197 arg1 acid 199:202 ferulic acid 191:202 ferulic acid (FeA) 191:208 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 59 theme ferulic 191:197 arg1 FeA 205:207 FeA 205:207 FeA 205:207 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 8 60 theme iron 1488:1491 arg1 lepidocrocite 1470:1482 lepidocrocite 1470:1482 lepidocrocite 1470:1482 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 8 60 theme iron 1488:1491 arg1 oxyhydroxide 1493:1504 an iron oxyhydroxide 1485:1504 an iron oxyhydroxide 1485:1504 The degradation behavior of CaA differed from those of pCoA and FeA, where further CaA degradation is observed at increasing sucrose and decreasing solution pH. The differences (established using UV/vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) were because, unlike the other acids, CaA formed a complex with Fe(III) or with Fe(III) hydrogen-bonded to sucrose and coprecipitated with lepidocrocite, an iron oxyhydroxide. 25585639 3 61 theme acid 578:581 arg1 degradation 547:557 the degradation 543:557 the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture 543:596 Four quadratic polynomial models were developed for the degradation of each individual acid in the mixture and the total HCAs degraded. 25585639 1 62 theme caffeic 143:149 arg1 acid 151:154 caffeic acid 143:154 caffeic acid (CaA) 143:160 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 62 theme caffeic 143:149 arg1 CaA 157:159 CaA 157:159 CaA 157:159 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 63 theme acid 199:202 arg1 behaviors 130:138 behaviors 130:138 behaviors 130:138 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 63 theme acid 199:202 arg1 efficiencies 113:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 2 64 theme interactive 448:458 arg1 effects 460:466 the interactive effects 444:466 the interactive effects of process parameters 444:488 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 2 65 used used 414:417 arg2 design 364:369 Central composite design 346:369 Central composite design 346:369 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 2 65 used used 414:417 arg2 methodology 397:407 multiresponse surface methodology 375:407 multiresponse surface methodology 375:407 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 2 66 theme multiresponse 375:387 arg1 methodology 397:407 multiresponse surface methodology 375:407 multiresponse surface methodology 375:407 Central composite design and multiresponse surface methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of process parameters. 25585639 1 67 theme acid 151:154 arg1 behaviors 130:138 behaviors 130:138 behaviors 130:138 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 1 67 theme acid 151:154 arg1 efficiencies 113:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies 97:124 The degradation efficiencies and behaviors of caffeic acid (CaA), p-coumaric acid (pCoA), and ferulic acid (FeA) in aqueous sucrose solutions containing the mixture of these hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were studied by the Fenton oxidation process. 25585639 6 68 from values 826:831 arg1 solution 927:934 sucrose solution 919:934 sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) 919:965 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 25585639 6 68 from values 826:831 arg1 water 889:893 water 889:893 water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) 889:913 The optimal values of the process parameters for a 200 mg/L HCA mixture in water (pH 4.73, 25.15 °C) and sucrose solution (13 mass %, pH 5.39, 35.98 °C) were 77% and 57%, respectively. 24136552 3 0 gly glycosylated 665:676 arg1 proteins 647:654 constituent proteins 635:654 constituent proteins that are glycosylated 635:676 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 2 1 from enrichment 361:370 arg1 samples 392:398 samples 392:398 samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS) 392:454 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 2 2 theme glycoproteome 329:341 arg1 studies 343:349 glycoproteome studies 329:349 glycoproteome studies 329:349 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 4 3 theme bulk 765:768 arg1 tissues 776:782 bulk plant tissues 765:782 bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques 765:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 4 4 theme prior 784:788 arg1 tissues 776:782 bulk plant tissues 765:782 bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques 765:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 3 5 theme secretory 571:579 arg1 pathways 581:588 the secretory pathways 567:588 the secretory pathways 567:588 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 2 6 theme valuable 311:318 arg1 tool 320:323 a valuable tool 309:323 a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies 309:349 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 1 7 theme differential 172:183 arg1 binding 185:191 differential binding 172:191 differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins 172:250 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 4 8 from tissues 776:782 arg1 glycoproteins 746:758 glycoproteins 746:758 glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques 746:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 4 9 theme further 793:799 arg1 characterization 801:816 further characterization 793:816 further characterization by MS, or other techniques 793:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 2 10 theme mass 433:436 arg1 MS 452:453 MS 452:453 MS 452:453 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 2 10 theme mass 433:436 arg1 spectrometry 438:449 mass spectrometry 433:449 mass spectrometry (MS) 433:454 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 3 11 theme cell 594:597 arg1 wall 599:602 cell wall 594:602 cell wall 594:602 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 3 12 theme wall 599:602 arg1 proteomes 554:562 the proteomes 550:562 the proteomes 550:562 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 0 13 theme lectin 29:34 arg1 chromatography 45:58 lectin affinity chromatography 29:58 lectin affinity chromatography 29:58 N-glycoprotein enrichment by lectin affinity chromatography. 24136552 3 14 theme high 616:619 arg1 proportion 621:630 the high proportion 612:630 the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated 612:676 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 3 15 theme pathways 581:588 arg1 proteomes 554:562 the proteomes 550:562 the proteomes 550:562 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 1 16 theme variable 209:216 arg1 glycans 218:224 structurally variable glycans 196:224 structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins 196:250 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 1 17 with sugars 95:100 arg1 specificities 115:127 varying specificities 107:127 varying specificities 107:127 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 3 18 theme proteomes 554:562 arg1 studies 539:545 studies 539:545 studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated 539:676 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 1 19 theme varying 107:113 arg1 specificities 115:127 varying specificities 107:127 varying specificities 107:127 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 3 20 theme lectin 499:504 arg1 enrichment 506:515 lectin enrichment 499:515 lectin enrichment 499:515 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 0 21 gly N-glycoprotein 0:13 arg1 N-glycoprotein 0:13 N-glycoprotein 0:13 N-glycoprotein 0:13 N-glycoprotein enrichment by lectin affinity chromatography. 24136552 3 22 theme plant 481:485 arg1 scientists 487:496 plant scientists 481:496 plant scientists 481:496 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 0 23 theme affinity 36:43 arg1 chromatography 45:58 lectin affinity chromatography 29:58 lectin affinity chromatography 29:58 N-glycoprotein enrichment by lectin affinity chromatography. 24136552 4 24 gly glycoproteins 746:758 arg1 glycoproteins 746:758 glycoproteins 746:758 glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques 746:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 3 25 theme proteins 647:654 arg1 proportion 621:630 the high proportion 612:630 the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated 612:676 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 4 26 theme other 828:832 arg1 techniques 834:843 other techniques 828:843 other techniques 828:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 3 27 theme scientists 487:496 arg1 perspective 466:476 the perspective 462:476 the perspective of plant scientists 462:496 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 2 28 gly glycoproteins 375:387 arg1 glycoproteins 375:387 glycoproteins 375:387 glycoproteins 375:387 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 3 29 theme due 605:607 arg1 proteomes 554:562 the proteomes 550:562 the proteomes 550:562 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 2 30 theme glycoproteins 375:387 arg1 enrichment 361:370 enrichment 361:370 enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS) 361:454 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 1 31 gly glycoproteins 238:250 arg1 glycoproteins 238:250 glycoproteins 238:250 glycoproteins 238:250 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 3 32 theme constituent 635:645 arg1 proteins 647:654 constituent proteins 635:654 constituent proteins that are glycosylated 635:676 From the perspective of plant scientists, lectin enrichment has proven useful for studies of the proteomes of the secretory pathways and cell wall, due to the high proportion of constituent proteins that are glycosylated. 24136552 4 33 theme plant 770:774 arg1 tissues 776:782 bulk plant tissues 765:782 bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques 765:843 This chapter outlines a strategy to generate samples enriched with glycoproteins from bulk plant tissues prior to further characterization by MS, or other techniques. 24136552 1 34 attach attached 226:233 arg2 glycans 218:224 structurally variable glycans 196:224 structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins 196:250 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 1 34 attach attached 226:233 arg1 glycoproteins 238:250 glycoproteins 238:250 glycoproteins 238:250 Lectins are proteins that bind to sugars with varying specificities and several have been identified that show differential binding to structurally variable glycans attached to glycoproteins. 24136552 2 35 theme affinity 274:281 arg1 chromatography 283:296 lectin affinity chromatography 267:296 lectin affinity chromatography 267:296 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 24136552 2 36 theme lectin 267:272 arg1 chromatography 283:296 lectin affinity chromatography 267:296 lectin affinity chromatography 267:296 Consequently, lectin affinity chromatography represents a valuable tool for glycoproteome studies, allowing enrichment of glycoproteins in samples prior to their identification by mass spectrometry (MS). 28851635 0 0 theme optical 84:90 arg1 sensing 92:98 optical sensing 84:98 optical sensing of chitin 84:108 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 2 1 theme Infrared 467:474 arg1 Spectroscopy 476:487 Infrared Spectroscopy 467:487 Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 467:494 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 2 1 theme Infrared 467:474 arg1 FTIR 490:493 FTIR 490:493 FTIR 490:493 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 3 2 theme synthesized 572:582 arg1 conjugates 613:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates 567:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates 567:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 1 3 theme N-acetyl 151:158 arg1 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 3 theme N-acetyl 151:158 arg1 glucosaminidase 162:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase 151:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis 151:211 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 5 4 theme between-day 1003:1013 arg1 coefficients 1015:1026 within-day and between-day coefficients 988:1026 within-day and between-day coefficients of variations 988:1040 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 1 5 theme novel 240:244 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 5 6 theme % 903:903 arg1 recoveries 905:914 The% recoveries 900:914 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) 900:946 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 5 6 theme % 903:903 arg1 % 958:958 >95.0% 953:958 >95.0% 953:958 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 1 7 theme β 160:160 arg1 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 7 theme β 160:160 arg1 glucosaminidase 162:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase 151:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis 151:211 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 8 theme polyurethane 246:257 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 2 9 theme PU 555:556 arg1 support 558:564 the PU support 551:564 the PU support 551:564 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 6 10 theme popular 1132:1138 arg1 method 1166:1171 the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method 1128:1171 the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method 1128:1171 The method showed good correlation (R2=0.996) with the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. 28851635 1 11 with matrix 310:315 arg1 yield 336:340 a conjugation yield 322:340 a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 322:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 3 12 theme wheat 817:821 arg1 grains 823:828 stored wheat grains 810:828 stored wheat grains 810:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 1 13 theme conjugation 324:334 arg1 yield 336:340 a conjugation yield 322:340 a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 322:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 6 14 theme 3,5-dinitrosalicylic 1140:1159 arg1 method 1166:1171 the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method 1128:1171 the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method 1128:1171 The method showed good correlation (R2=0.996) with the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. 28851635 1 15 from mungo 141:145 arg1 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 15 from mungo 141:145 arg1 glucosaminidase 162:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase 151:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis 151:211 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 15 from mungo 141:145 arg1 chitinase 120:128 Purified chitinase 111:128 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo 111:145 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 16 theme PU 260:261 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 7 17 theme appreciable 1294:1304 arg1 loss 1306:1309 any appreciable loss 1290:1309 any appreciable loss of activity 1290:1321 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 0 18 theme chitin 103:108 arg1 sensing 92:98 optical sensing 84:98 optical sensing of chitin 84:108 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 0 18 theme chitin 103:108 arg1 matrix 30:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix 0:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes 0:78 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 4 19 dep 10.0mM 892:897 arg1 to 889:890 to 889:890 to 889:890 The limit of detection was 0.01mM with linearity from 0.1 to 10.0mM. 28851635 3 20 theme based 758:762 arg1 biosensor 772:780 an absorbance based optical biosensor 744:780 an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains 744:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 0 21 theme novel 2:6 arg1 matrix 30:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix 0:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes 0:78 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 1 22 theme 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 345:360 arg1 yield 336:340 a conjugation yield 322:340 a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 322:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 7 23 theme ZnO 1182:1184 arg1 chitinase/NAGase 1192:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase 1174:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase 1174:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 7 24 theme bound 1186:1190 arg1 chitinase/NAGase 1192:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase 1174:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase 1174:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 5 25 theme added 919:923 arg1 chitin 925:930 added chitin 919:930 added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) 919:946 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 3 26 from determination 793:805 arg1 grains 823:828 stored wheat grains 810:828 stored wheat grains 810:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 4 27 theme detection 844:852 arg1 limit 835:839 The limit 831:839 The limit of detection 831:852 The limit of detection was 0.01mM with linearity from 0.1 to 10.0mM. 28851635 5 28 theme chitin 925:930 arg1 recoveries 905:914 The% recoveries 900:914 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) 900:946 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 5 28 theme chitin 925:930 arg1 % 958:958 >95.0% 953:958 >95.0% 953:958 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 0 29 theme ZnO 26:28 arg1 matrix 30:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix 0:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes 0:78 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 1 30 theme /zinc 263:267 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 2 31 theme nano 527:530 arg1 ZnO 532:534 nano ZnO 527:534 nano ZnO 527:534 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 6 32 theme good 1095:1098 arg1 R2=0.996 1113:1120 R2=0.996 1113:1120 R2=0.996 1113:1120 The method showed good correlation (R2=0.996) with the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. 28851635 6 32 theme good 1095:1098 arg1 correlation 1100:1110 good correlation 1095:1110 good correlation (R2=0.996) 1095:1121 The method showed good correlation (R2=0.996) with the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. 28851635 3 33 theme substrate 675:683 arg1 concentration 685:697 substrate concentration 675:697 substrate concentration 675:697 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 0 34 theme polyurethane/nano 8:24 arg1 matrix 30:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix 0:35 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes 0:78 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 1 35 theme oxide 269:273 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 5 36 theme variations 1031:1040 arg1 coefficients 1015:1026 within-day and between-day coefficients 988:1026 within-day and between-day coefficients of variations 988:1040 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 5 37 dep chitin 925:930 arg1 0.2mM 941:945 0.2mM 941:945 0.2mM 941:945 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 5 37 dep chitin 925:930 arg1 0.1 933:935 0.1 933:935 0.1 933:935 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 1 38 theme nanoparticles 275:287 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 39 theme 96.19±0.85 366:375 arg1 % 376:376 % 376:376 % 376:376 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 2 40 attach presence 515:522 arg1 support 558:564 the PU support 551:564 the PU support 551:564 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 2 40 attach presence 515:522 arg2 enzymes 540:546 enzymes 540:546 enzymes 540:546 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 2 40 attach presence 515:522 arg2 ZnO 532:534 nano ZnO 527:534 nano ZnO 527:534 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 7 41 theme PU/nano 1174:1180 arg1 chitinase/NAGase 1192:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase 1174:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase 1174:1207 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 3 42 theme biosensor 772:780 arg1 development 729:739 development 729:739 development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains 729:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 1 43 theme % 376:376 arg1 retention 378:386 96.19±0.85% retention 366:386 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 366:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 2 44 theme Electron 419:426 arg1 Microscopy 428:437 Scanning Electron Microscopy 410:437 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 410:443 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 2 44 theme Electron 419:426 arg1 SEM 440:442 SEM 440:442 SEM 440:442 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 1 45 from ensiformis 202:211 arg1 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 NAGase 179:184 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 45 from ensiformis 202:211 arg1 glucosaminidase 162:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase 151:176 N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis 151:211 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 45 from ensiformis 202:211 arg1 chitinase 120:128 Purified chitinase 111:128 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo 111:145 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 7 46 theme good 1216:1219 arg1 stabilities 1241:1251 good thermal and storage stabilities 1216:1251 good thermal and storage stabilities 1216:1251 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 1 47 theme nano 290:293 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 48 theme retention 378:386 arg1 yield 336:340 a conjugation yield 322:340 a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 322:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 49 theme Purified 111:118 arg1 chitinase 120:128 Purified chitinase 111:128 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo 111:145 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 50 theme ZnO 295:297 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 2 51 theme enzymes 540:546 arg1 presence 515:522 the presence 511:522 the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support 511:564 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 5 52 theme within-day 988:997 arg1 coefficients 1015:1026 within-day and between-day coefficients 988:1026 within-day and between-day coefficients of variations 988:1040 The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. 28851635 7 53 theme activity 1314:1321 arg1 loss 1306:1309 any appreciable loss 1290:1309 any appreciable loss of activity 1290:1321 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 2 54 dep Fourier 449:455 arg1 Transform 457:465 Transform 457:465 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 457:494 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 3 55 theme optical 764:770 arg1 biosensor 772:780 an absorbance based optical biosensor 744:780 an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains 744:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 1 56 theme specific 391:398 arg1 activity 400:407 specific activity 391:407 specific activity 391:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 3 57 theme PU/nano 584:590 arg1 conjugates 613:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates 567:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates 567:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 7 58 theme storage 1233:1239 arg1 stabilities 1241:1251 good thermal and storage stabilities 1216:1251 good thermal and storage stabilities 1216:1251 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 2 59 from presence 515:522 arg1 support 558:564 the PU support 551:564 the PU support 551:564 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 2 60 theme ZnO 532:534 arg1 presence 515:522 the presence 511:522 the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support 511:564 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 1 61 theme activity 400:407 arg1 retention 378:386 96.19±0.85% retention 366:386 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 366:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 1 61 theme activity 400:407 arg1 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 345:360 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 345:360 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 345:360 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 3 62 theme ZnO/chitinase/NAGase 592:611 arg1 conjugates 613:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates 567:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates 567:622 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 1 63 theme Vigna 135:139 arg1 mungo 141:145 Vigna mungo 135:145 Vigna mungo 135:145 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 3 64 theme stored 810:815 arg1 grains 823:828 stored wheat grains 810:828 stored wheat grains 810:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 0 65 theme enzymes 72:78 arg1 immobilization 41:54 immobilization 41:54 immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes 41:78 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 6 66 theme acid 1161:1164 arg1 method 1166:1171 the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method 1128:1171 the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method 1128:1171 The method showed good correlation (R2=0.996) with the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. 28851635 7 67 theme thermal 1221:1227 arg1 stabilities 1241:1251 good thermal and storage stabilities 1216:1251 good thermal and storage stabilities 1216:1251 PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity. 28851635 3 68 theme chitin 786:791 arg1 determination 793:805 chitin determination 786:805 chitin determination in stored wheat grains 786:828 Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. 28851635 0 69 theme chitinolytic 59:70 arg1 enzymes 72:78 chitinolytic enzymes 59:78 chitinolytic enzymes 59:78 A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin. 28851635 1 70 theme composite 300:308 arg1 matrix 310:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix 236:315 the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity 236:407 Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. 28851635 2 71 theme Scanning 410:417 arg1 Microscopy 428:437 Scanning Electron Microscopy 410:437 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 410:443 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 28851635 2 71 theme Scanning 410:417 arg1 SEM 440:442 SEM 440:442 SEM 440:442 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. 25933530 3 0 theme X-ray 691:695 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 673:708 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 673:708 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 7 1 theme optimized 1179:1187 arg1 sample 1197:1202 The optimized treated sample 1175:1202 The optimized treated sample 1175:1202 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 1 2 theme natural 248:254 arg1 source 262:267 natural plant source 248:267 natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate 248:298 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 1 3 dep In 153:154 arg1 situ 156:159 situ 156:159 situ 156:159 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 3 4 theme crystal 547:553 arg1 phase 555:559 crystal phase 547:559 crystal phase 547:559 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 5 5 theme acetate 883:889 arg1 influence 865:873 The influence 861:873 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric 861:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 2 6 theme Hierarchical 301:312 arg1 mechanism 314:322 Hierarchical mechanism 301:322 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 301:398 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 1 7 theme nanorods 178:185 arg1 synthesis 161:169 In situ synthesis 153:169 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 153:223 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 1 8 theme cellulosic 190:199 arg1 chains 201:206 cellulosic chains 190:206 cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 190:223 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 3 9 theme fabric 592:597 arg1 structure 575:583 chemical structure 566:583 chemical structure 566:583 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 3 9 theme fabric 592:597 arg1 morphology 535:544 morphology 535:544 morphology 535:544 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 3 9 theme fabric 592:597 arg1 phase 555:559 crystal phase 547:559 crystal phase 547:559 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 5 10 from influence 865:873 arg1 activity 932:939 the self-cleaning activity 914:939 the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric 914:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 4 11 dep Fourier 819:825 arg1 transforms 827:836 transforms 827:836 transforms infrared spectroscopy 827:858 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 3 12 dep morphology 535:544 arg1 The 531:533 The 531:533 The 531:533 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 1 13 dep source 262:267 arg1 Keliab 276:281 Keliab 276:281 Keliab 276:281 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 1 13 dep source 262:267 arg1 acetate 292:298 zinc acetate 287:298 zinc acetate 287:298 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 4 14 theme ZnO 740:742 arg1 groups 759:764 ZnO and functional groups 740:764 ZnO and functional groups 740:764 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 3 15 theme scanning 621:628 arg1 microscope 639:648 scanning electron microscope 621:648 scanning electron microscope 621:648 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 5 16 theme treated 948:954 arg1 fabric 967:972 the treated cellulosic fabric 944:972 the treated cellulosic fabric 944:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 2 17 theme nano 502:505 arg1 structure 520:528 nano ZnO wurtzite structure 502:528 nano ZnO wurtzite structure 502:528 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 1 18 from synthesis 161:169 arg1 chains 201:206 cellulosic chains 190:206 cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 190:223 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 0 19 theme ZnO 59:61 arg1 nanorods 63:70 ZnO nanorods 59:70 ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 59:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 5 20 theme self-cleaning 918:930 arg1 activity 932:939 the self-cleaning activity 914:939 the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric 914:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 2 21 from mechanism 314:322 arg1 chains 376:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 4 22 theme chains 780:785 arg1 interaction 720:730 interaction 720:730 interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 720:802 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 2 23 theme wurtzite 511:518 arg1 structure 520:528 nano ZnO wurtzite structure 502:528 nano ZnO wurtzite structure 502:528 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 4 24 theme cotton 790:795 arg1 fabric 797:802 cotton fabric 790:802 cotton fabric 790:802 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 2 25 theme fabric 393:398 arg1 deposition 351:360 deposition 351:360 deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 351:398 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 2 25 theme fabric 393:398 arg1 generation 336:345 nano ZnO generation 327:345 nano ZnO generation 327:345 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 5 26 theme composite 1006:1014 arg1 design 1016:1021 a central composite design 996:1021 a central composite design based on surface response methodology 996:1059 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 4 27 theme functional 748:757 arg1 groups 759:764 ZnO and functional groups 740:764 ZnO and functional groups 740:764 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 5 28 theme fabric 967:972 arg1 activity 932:939 the self-cleaning activity 914:939 the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric 914:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 2 29 theme several 429:435 arg1 techniques 448:457 several analytical techniques 429:457 several analytical techniques 429:457 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 3 30 theme X-ray 651:655 arg1 diffraction 657:667 X-ray diffraction 651:667 X-ray diffraction 651:667 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 0 31 theme chains 23:28 arg1 characterizations 121:137 characterizations 121:137 characterizations 121:137 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 0 31 theme chains 23:28 arg1 Mechanism 110:118 Mechanism 110:118 Mechanism 110:118 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 0 31 theme chains 23:28 arg1 role 4:7 The role 0:7 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 0:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 0 31 theme chains 23:28 arg1 features 143:150 features 143:150 features 143:150 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 7 32 theme high 1211:1214 arg1 efficiency 1230:1239 high antibacterial efficiency 1211:1239 high antibacterial efficiency 1211:1239 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 6 33 theme treated 1066:1072 arg1 fabrics 1074:1080 The treated fabrics 1062:1080 The treated fabrics 1062:1080 The treated fabrics showed self-cleaning activity toward methylene blue degradation under day light irradiation. 25933530 2 34 theme generation 336:345 arg1 mechanism 314:322 Hierarchical mechanism 301:322 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 301:398 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 0 35 theme cotton 33:38 arg1 chains 23:28 cellulosic chains 12:28 cellulosic chains of cotton 12:38 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 3 36 theme dispersive 680:689 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 673:708 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 673:708 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 2 37 theme nano 327:330 arg1 generation 336:345 nano ZnO generation 327:345 nano ZnO generation 327:345 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 1 38 theme cotton 211:216 arg1 fabric 218:223 cotton fabric 211:223 cotton fabric 211:223 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 0 39 from characterizations 121:137 arg1 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 43:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 2 40 theme cellulosic 365:374 arg1 chains 376:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 5 41 theme surface 1032:1038 arg1 methodology 1049:1059 surface response methodology 1032:1059 surface response methodology 1032:1059 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 7 42 theme recovery 1341:1348 arg1 angle 1350:1354 higher crease recovery angle 1327:1354 higher crease recovery angle 1327:1354 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 0 43 from Mechanism 110:118 arg1 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 43:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 2 44 used used 464:467 arg2 techniques 448:457 several analytical techniques 429:457 several analytical techniques 429:457 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 2 45 theme deposition 351:360 arg1 mechanism 314:322 Hierarchical mechanism 301:322 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 301:398 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 7 46 theme higher 1327:1332 arg1 angle 1350:1354 higher crease recovery angle 1327:1354 higher crease recovery angle 1327:1354 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 1 47 theme plant 256:260 arg1 source 262:267 natural plant source 248:267 natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate 248:298 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 2 48 from generation 336:345 arg1 chains 376:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 0 49 from features 143:150 arg1 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 43:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 5 50 theme zinc 878:881 arg1 acetate 883:889 zinc acetate 878:889 zinc acetate 878:889 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 2 51 from deposition 351:360 arg1 chains 376:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 cellulosic chains 365:381 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 7 52 theme enhanced 1297:1304 arg1 strength 1314:1321 enhanced tensile strength 1297:1321 enhanced tensile strength 1297:1321 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 1 53 theme ZnO 174:176 arg1 nanorods 178:185 ZnO nanorods 174:185 ZnO nanorods 174:185 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 3 54 theme chemical 566:573 arg1 structure 575:583 chemical structure 566:583 chemical structure 566:583 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 5 55 theme Keliab 895:900 arg1 solution 902:909 Keliab solution 895:909 Keliab solution 895:909 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 7 56 theme antibacterial 1216:1228 arg1 efficiency 1230:1239 high antibacterial efficiency 1211:1239 high antibacterial efficiency 1211:1239 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 7 57 theme tensile 1306:1312 arg1 strength 1314:1321 enhanced tensile strength 1297:1321 enhanced tensile strength 1297:1321 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 5 58 theme solution 902:909 arg1 influence 865:873 The influence 861:873 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric 861:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 0 59 theme nanorods 63:70 arg1 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 43:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 1 60 theme In 153:154 arg1 synthesis 161:169 In situ synthesis 153:169 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 153:223 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 0 61 from role 4:7 arg1 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis 43:54 biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties 43:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 0 62 theme multifunctional 82:96 arg1 properties 98:107 multifunctional properties 82:107 multifunctional properties 82:107 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 2 63 theme structure 520:528 arg1 formation 489:497 the formation 485:497 the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure 485:528 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 4 64 theme cellulosic 769:778 arg1 chains 780:785 cellulosic chains 769:785 cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 769:802 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 5 65 theme central 998:1004 arg1 design 1016:1021 a central composite design 996:1021 a central composite design based on surface response methodology 996:1059 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 6 66 theme blue 1129:1132 arg1 degradation 1134:1144 methylene blue degradation 1119:1144 methylene blue degradation 1119:1144 The treated fabrics showed self-cleaning activity toward methylene blue degradation under day light irradiation. 25933530 2 67 theme ZnO 507:509 arg1 structure 520:528 nano ZnO wurtzite structure 502:528 nano ZnO wurtzite structure 502:528 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 2 68 theme cotton 386:391 arg1 fabric 393:398 cotton fabric 386:398 cotton fabric 386:398 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 5 69 theme cellulosic 956:965 arg1 fabric 967:972 the treated cellulosic fabric 944:972 the treated cellulosic fabric 944:972 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 2 70 theme analytical 437:446 arg1 techniques 448:457 several analytical techniques 429:457 several analytical techniques 429:457 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 0 71 theme cellulosic 12:21 arg1 chains 23:28 cellulosic chains 12:28 cellulosic chains of cotton 12:38 The role of cellulosic chains of cotton in biosynthesis of ZnO nanorods producing multifunctional properties: Mechanism, characterizations and features. 25933530 6 72 theme self-cleaning 1089:1101 arg1 activity 1103:1110 self-cleaning activity 1089:1110 self-cleaning activity toward methylene blue degradation 1089:1144 The treated fabrics showed self-cleaning activity toward methylene blue degradation under day light irradiation. 25933530 6 73 theme light 1156:1160 arg1 irradiation 1162:1172 day light irradiation 1152:1172 day light irradiation 1152:1172 The treated fabrics showed self-cleaning activity toward methylene blue degradation under day light irradiation. 25933530 1 74 theme zinc 287:290 arg1 acetate 292:298 zinc acetate 287:298 zinc acetate 287:298 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 5 75 theme response 1040:1047 arg1 methodology 1049:1059 surface response methodology 1032:1059 surface response methodology 1032:1059 The influence of zinc acetate and Keliab solution on the self-cleaning activity of the treated cellulosic fabric was investigated with a central composite design based on surface response methodology. 25933530 3 76 theme electron 630:637 arg1 microscope 639:648 scanning electron microscope 621:648 scanning electron microscope 621:648 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 7 77 theme treated 1189:1195 arg1 sample 1197:1202 The optimized treated sample 1175:1202 The optimized treated sample 1175:1202 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 25933530 2 78 from chains 376:381 arg1 mechanism 314:322 Hierarchical mechanism 301:322 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 301:398 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 3 79 theme energy 673:678 arg1 spectroscopy 697:708 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 673:708 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 673:708 The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 25933530 4 80 theme infrared 838:845 arg1 spectroscopy 847:858 infrared spectroscopy 838:858 infrared spectroscopy 838:858 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 2 81 theme ZnO 332:334 arg1 generation 336:345 nano ZnO generation 327:345 nano ZnO generation 327:345 Hierarchical mechanism of nano ZnO generation and deposition on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was discussed in details and several analytical techniques were used to characterize the formation of nano ZnO wurtzite structure. 25933530 4 82 theme fabric 797:802 arg1 chains 780:785 cellulosic chains 769:785 cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 769:802 Further, interaction between ZnO and functional groups of cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was studied by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. 25933530 6 83 theme day 1152:1154 arg1 irradiation 1162:1172 day light irradiation 1152:1172 day light irradiation 1152:1172 The treated fabrics showed self-cleaning activity toward methylene blue degradation under day light irradiation. 25933530 1 84 theme fabric 218:223 arg1 chains 201:206 cellulosic chains 190:206 cellulosic chains of cotton fabric 190:223 In situ synthesis of ZnO nanorods on cellulosic chains of cotton fabric was accomplished using natural plant source namely Keliab and zinc acetate. 25933530 7 85 theme crease 1334:1339 arg1 angle 1350:1354 higher crease recovery angle 1327:1354 higher crease recovery angle 1327:1354 The optimized treated sample showed high antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with enhanced tensile strength and higher crease recovery angle. 27842804 0 0 theme green 88:92 arg1 tea 94:96 green tea 88:96 green tea extract 88:104 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 1 1 theme green 298:302 arg1 GTE 317:319 GTE 317:319 GTE 317:319 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 1 theme green 298:302 arg1 extract 308:314 antioxidant (AO) green tea extract 281:314 antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 281:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 1 theme green 298:302 arg1 AO 294:295 AO 294:295 AO 294:295 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 2 theme film 154:157 arg1 material 159:166 A novel active film material 139:166 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 139:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 5 3 theme radical 1007:1013 arg1 method 1015:1020 the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method 966:1020 the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method 966:1020 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 2 4 from matrix 513:518 arg1 release 481:487 a controlled release 468:487 a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix 468:518 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 3 5 theme nanoparticles 639:651 arg1 sizes 630:634 different sizes 620:634 different sizes of nanoparticles 620:651 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 1 6 theme tea 304:306 arg1 GTE 317:319 GTE 317:319 GTE 317:319 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 6 theme tea 304:306 arg1 extract 308:314 antioxidant (AO) green tea extract 281:314 antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 281:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 6 theme tea 304:306 arg1 AO 294:295 AO 294:295 AO 294:295 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 0 7 contain containing 47:56 arg2 PLA 58:60 PLA 58:60 PLA 58:60 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 0 7 contain containing 47:56 arg1 films 41:45 HPMC films 36:45 HPMC films containing PLA 36:60 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 4 8 theme ethanol/water 861:873 arg1 simulant 880:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 4 9 theme AO 812:813 arg1 release 797:803 the release 793:803 the release of the AO 793:813 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 4 10 theme films 765:769 arg1 properties 737:746 The physico-chemical properties 716:746 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films 716:769 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 5 11 attach released 917:924 arg1 films 942:946 the active films 931:946 the active films 931:946 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 5 11 attach released 917:924 arg2 GTE 913:915 the GTE 909:915 the GTE released from the active films 909:946 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 0 12 theme tea 94:96 arg1 extract 98:104 green tea extract 88:104 green tea extract 88:104 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 3 13 theme different 620:628 arg1 sizes 630:634 different sizes 620:634 different sizes of nanoparticles 620:651 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 5 14 theme products 1127:1134 arg1 shelf-life 1108:1117 the shelf-life 1104:1117 the shelf-life of food products with high fat content 1104:1156 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 2 15 theme controlled 470:479 arg1 release 481:487 a controlled release 468:487 a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix 468:518 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 5 16 theme AO 894:895 arg1 capacity 897:904 The AO capacity 890:904 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films 890:946 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 4 17 theme food 875:878 arg1 simulant 880:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 5 18 theme high 1141:1144 arg1 content 1150:1156 high fat content 1141:1156 high fat content 1141:1156 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 4 19 theme % 855:855 arg1 simulant 880:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 0 20 theme food 110:113 arg1 applications 125:136 food packaging applications 110:136 food packaging applications 110:136 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 2 21 theme evaporation 410:420 arg1 technique 422:430 an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique 384:430 an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique 384:430 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 2 22 theme emulsification-solvent 387:408 arg1 technique 422:430 an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique 384:430 an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique 384:430 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 5 23 used used 1085:1088 arg2 material 1055:1062 the material 1051:1062 the material 1051:1062 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 3 24 theme HPMC 687:690 arg1 matrix 692:697 the HPMC matrix 683:697 the HPMC matrix 683:697 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 4 25 theme composite 755:763 arg1 films 765:769 the composite films 751:769 the composite films 751:769 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 3 26 theme these 672:676 arg1 loading 661:667 the loading 657:667 the loading of these into the HPMC matrix 657:697 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 0 27 theme packaging 115:123 arg1 applications 125:136 food packaging applications 110:136 food packaging applications 110:136 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 0 28 dep nanoparticles 62:74 arg1 loaded 76:81 loaded 76:81 nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications 62:136 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 5 29 theme active 935:940 arg1 films 942:946 the active films 931:946 the active films 931:946 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 0 30 theme films 41:45 arg1 characterisation 16:31 characterisation 16:31 characterisation 16:31 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 0 30 theme films 41:45 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 2 31 theme AO 496:497 arg1 release 481:487 a controlled release 468:487 a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix 468:518 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 3 32 theme NPs 597:599 arg1 synthesis 580:588 the synthesis 576:588 the synthesis of the NPs 576:599 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 0 33 theme HPMC 36:39 arg1 films 41:45 HPMC films 36:45 HPMC films containing PLA 36:60 Development and characterisation of HPMC films containing PLA nanoparticles loaded with green tea extract for food packaging applications. 27842804 4 34 theme 50 853:854 arg1 % 855:855 % 855:855 % 855:855 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 1 35 theme poly 225:228 arg1 NPs 264:266 NPs 264:266 NPs 264:266 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 35 theme poly 225:228 arg1 nanoparticles 249:261 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles 225:261 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 225:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 36 theme antioxidant 281:291 arg1 GTE 317:319 GTE 317:319 GTE 317:319 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 36 theme antioxidant 281:291 arg1 extract 308:314 antioxidant (AO) green tea extract 281:314 antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 281:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 36 theme antioxidant 281:291 arg1 AO 294:295 AO 294:295 AO 294:295 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 4 37 from studies 842:848 arg1 simulant 880:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 3 38 theme statistical 523:533 arg1 design 548:553 A statistical experimental design 521:553 A statistical experimental design 521:553 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 3 39 theme experimental 535:546 arg1 design 548:553 A statistical experimental design 521:553 A statistical experimental design 521:553 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 5 40 with shelf-life 1108:1117 arg1 content 1150:1156 high fat content 1141:1156 high fat content 1141:1156 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 4 41 theme migration 832:840 arg1 studies 842:848 migration studies 832:848 migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 832:887 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 1 42 contain containing 214:223 arg1 hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose 177:205 hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose 177:205 hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 177:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 42 contain containing 214:223 arg2 nanoparticles 249:261 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles 225:261 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 225:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 42 contain containing 214:223 arg1 HPMC 208:211 HPMC 208:211 HPMC 208:211 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 42 contain containing 214:223 arg2 NPs 264:266 NPs 264:266 NPs 264:266 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 2 43 theme HPMC 508:511 arg1 matrix 513:518 the HPMC matrix 504:518 the HPMC matrix 504:518 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 3 44 used used 559:562 arg2 design 548:553 A statistical experimental design 521:553 A statistical experimental design 521:553 A statistical experimental design was used to optimise the synthesis of the NPs in order to obtain different sizes of nanoparticles and the loading of these into the HPMC matrix was also varied. 27842804 1 45 theme lactic 230:235 arg1 acid 237:240 lactic acid 230:240 lactic acid 230:240 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 1 45 theme lactic 230:235 arg1 poly 225:228 poly 225:228 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 225:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 2 46 theme PLA 354:356 arg1 NPs 358:360 The PLA NPs 350:360 The PLA NPs 350:360 The PLA NPs were fabricated using an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the sizes were varied to enable a controlled release of the AO from the HPMC matrix. 27842804 5 47 theme GTE 913:915 arg1 capacity 897:904 The AO capacity 890:904 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films 890:946 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 1 48 theme novel 141:145 arg1 material 159:166 A novel active film material 139:166 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 139:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 5 49 theme fat 1146:1148 arg1 content 1150:1156 high fat content 1141:1156 high fat content 1141:1156 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 5 50 theme food 1122:1125 arg1 products 1127:1134 food products 1122:1134 food products 1122:1134 The AO capacity of the GTE released from the active films was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the results suggest that the material could potentially be used for extending the shelf-life of food products with high fat content. 27842804 4 51 theme physico-chemical 720:735 arg1 properties 737:746 The physico-chemical properties 716:746 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films 716:769 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 27842804 1 52 theme active 147:152 arg1 material 159:166 A novel active film material 139:166 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) 139:320 A novel active film material based on hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antioxidant (AO) green tea extract (GTE) was successfully developed. 27842804 4 53 theme v/v 857:859 arg1 simulant 880:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant 853:887 The physico-chemical properties of the composite films were investigated and the release of the AO was confirmed by migration studies in 50% v/v ethanol/water food simulant. 26119053 5 0 theme residues 798:805 arg1 structure 775:783 structure 775:783 structure 775:783 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 0 theme residues 798:805 arg1 morphology 760:769 The morphology 756:769 The morphology 756:769 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 1 theme functional 1013:1022 arg1 groups 1024:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 1 2 theme liquid 161:166 arg1 application 129:139 The application 125:139 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass 125:334 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 0 3 theme green 97:101 arg1 scenario 115:122 a green biorefinery scenario 95:122 a green biorefinery scenario 95:122 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 26119053 1 4 theme eucalyptus 317:326 arg1 biomass 328:334 eucalyptus biomass 317:334 eucalyptus biomass 317:334 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 4 5 theme monosaccharides 724:738 arg1 concentration 707:719 the concentration 703:719 the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts 703:753 Higher temperature resulted in lower molecular weight product, and enhanced the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts. 26119053 4 6 theme lower 658:662 arg1 product 681:687 lower molecular weight product 658:687 lower molecular weight product 658:687 Higher temperature resulted in lower molecular weight product, and enhanced the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts. 26119053 1 7 theme biomass 328:334 arg1 catalyst 237:244 a catalyst 235:244 a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) 235:290 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 7 theme biomass 328:334 arg1 upgradation 302:312 green upgradation 296:312 green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass 296:334 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 4 8 theme byproducts 744:753 arg1 concentration 707:719 the concentration 703:719 the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts 703:753 Higher temperature resulted in lower molecular weight product, and enhanced the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts. 26119053 4 9 theme weight 674:679 arg1 product 681:687 lower molecular weight product 658:687 lower molecular weight product 658:687 Higher temperature resulted in lower molecular weight product, and enhanced the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts. 26119053 0 10 theme biorefinery 103:113 arg1 scenario 115:122 a green biorefinery scenario 95:122 a green biorefinery scenario 95:122 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 26119053 4 11 theme molecular 664:672 arg1 product 681:687 lower molecular weight product 658:687 lower molecular weight product 658:687 Higher temperature resulted in lower molecular weight product, and enhanced the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts. 26119053 0 12 theme microwave 13:21 arg1 valorization 23:34 Hydrothermal microwave valorization 0:34 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 0:123 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 26119053 3 13 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 xylan 606:610 xylan 606:610 xylan 606:610 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 13 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 w/w 558:560 w/w 558:560 w/w 558:560 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 13 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 % 595:595 26.72% 590:595 26.72% (w/w) of xylan 590:610 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 13 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 w/w 598:600 w/w 598:600 w/w 598:600 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 13 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 % 555:555 up to 5.04% 545:555 up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass 545:584 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 13 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 biomass 578:584 the initial biomass 566:584 the initial biomass 566:584 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 4 14 theme Higher 627:632 arg1 temperature 634:644 Higher temperature 627:644 Higher temperature 627:644 Higher temperature resulted in lower molecular weight product, and enhanced the concentration of monosaccharides and byproducts. 26119053 0 15 theme Hydrothermal 0:11 arg1 valorization 23:34 Hydrothermal microwave valorization 0:34 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 0:123 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 26119053 5 16 from changes 1002:1008 arg1 compositions 1035:1046 compositions 1035:1046 compositions 1035:1046 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 16 from changes 1002:1008 arg1 groups 1024:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 17 theme techniques 840:849 arg1 array 831:835 an array 828:835 an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis 828:1137 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 1 18 from upgradation 302:312 arg1 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 18 from upgradation 302:312 arg1 treatment 276:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment 249:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) 249:290 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 2 19 theme reactor 402:408 arg1 system 410:415 a microwave reactor system 390:415 a microwave reactor system 390:415 The process was carried out in a microwave reactor system at different temperatures (140-200°C) and evaluated for severities. 26119053 1 20 theme hydrothermal 253:264 arg1 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 20 theme hydrothermal 253:264 arg1 treatment 276:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment 249:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) 249:290 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 21 from catalyst 237:244 arg1 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 21 from catalyst 237:244 arg1 treatment 276:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment 249:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) 249:290 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 22 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 174:200 arg1 hydrogensulfate 202:216 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate 174:216 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4) 174:229 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 22 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 174:200 arg1 liquid 161:166 liquid 161:166 liquid 161:166 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 22 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 174:200 arg1 [bmim 219:223 [bmim]HSO4 219:228 [bmim]HSO4 219:228 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 2 23 theme microwave 392:400 arg1 system 410:415 a microwave reactor system 390:415 a microwave reactor system 390:415 The process was carried out in a microwave reactor system at different temperatures (140-200°C) and evaluated for severities. 26119053 1 24 theme microwave 266:274 arg1 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 HMT 287:289 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 1 24 theme microwave 266:274 arg1 treatment 276:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment 249:284 the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) 249:290 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 5 25 theme C 909:909 arg1 NMR 911:913 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 898:913 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 898:913 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 3 26 dep xylooligosaccharides 489:508 arg1 refers 516:521 refers 516:521 refers to a DP of 2-6 516:536 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 27 dep 5.04 551:554 arg1 to 548:549 to 548:549 to 548:549 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 5 28 theme surface 880:886 arg1 area 888:891 BET surface area 876:891 BET surface area 876:891 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 0 29 theme eucalyptus 39:48 arg1 valorization 23:34 Hydrothermal microwave valorization 0:34 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 0:123 Hydrothermal microwave valorization of eucalyptus using acidic ionic liquid as catalyst toward a green biorefinery scenario. 26119053 5 30 from destruction 960:970 arg1 compositions 1035:1046 compositions 1035:1046 compositions 1035:1046 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 30 from destruction 960:970 arg1 groups 1024:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 31 theme surface 975:981 arg1 structure 983:991 surface structure 975:991 surface structure 975:991 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 3 32 theme 2-6 534:536 arg1 DP 528:529 a DP 526:529 a DP of 2-6 526:536 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 2 33 theme different 420:428 arg1 temperatures 430:441 different temperatures 420:441 different temperatures (140-200°C) 420:453 The process was carried out in a microwave reactor system at different temperatures (140-200°C) and evaluated for severities. 26119053 2 33 theme different 420:428 arg1 140-200°C 444:452 140-200°C 444:452 140-200°C 444:452 The process was carried out in a microwave reactor system at different temperatures (140-200°C) and evaluated for severities. 26119053 5 34 theme structure 983:991 arg1 increase 929:936 the increase 925:936 the increase of crystallinity 925:953 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 34 theme structure 983:991 arg1 changes 1002:1008 the changes 998:1008 the changes in functional groups and compositions 998:1046 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 34 theme structure 983:991 arg1 destruction 960:970 the destruction 956:970 the destruction of surface structure 956:991 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 35 theme crystallinity 941:953 arg1 increase 929:936 the increase 925:936 the increase of crystallinity 925:953 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 35 theme crystallinity 941:953 arg1 changes 1002:1008 the changes 998:1008 the changes in functional groups and compositions 998:1046 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 35 theme crystallinity 941:953 arg1 destruction 960:970 the destruction 956:970 the destruction of surface structure 956:991 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 36 theme CP/MAS 898:903 arg1 NMR 911:913 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 898:913 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 898:913 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 37 from increase 929:936 arg1 compositions 1035:1046 compositions 1035:1046 compositions 1035:1046 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 37 from increase 929:936 arg1 groups 1024:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 functional groups 1013:1029 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 3 38 theme initial 570:576 arg1 biomass 578:584 the initial biomass 566:584 the initial biomass 566:584 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 39 dep refers 516:521 arg1 XOS 511:513 XOS 511:513 XOS 511:513 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 5 40 theme enzymatic 1118:1126 arg1 hydrolysis 1128:1137 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1114:1137 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1114:1137 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 3 41 theme biomass 578:584 arg1 xylan 606:610 xylan 606:610 xylan 606:610 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 41 theme biomass 578:584 arg1 w/w 558:560 w/w 558:560 w/w 558:560 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 41 theme biomass 578:584 arg1 % 595:595 26.72% 590:595 26.72% (w/w) of xylan 590:610 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 41 theme biomass 578:584 arg1 w/w 598:600 w/w 598:600 w/w 598:600 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 41 theme biomass 578:584 arg1 % 555:555 up to 5.04% 545:555 up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass 545:584 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 3 41 theme biomass 578:584 arg1 biomass 578:584 the initial biomass 566:584 the initial biomass 566:584 The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, refers to a DP of 2-6) yield up to 5.04% (w/w) of the initial biomass and 26.72% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. 26119053 1 42 theme green 296:300 arg1 upgradation 302:312 green upgradation 296:312 green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass 296:334 The application of the acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate ([bmim]HSO4), as a catalyst in the hydrothermal microwave treatment (HMT) and green upgradation of eucalyptus biomass has been investigated. 26119053 5 43 theme BET 876:878 arg1 area 888:891 BET surface area 876:891 BET surface area 876:891 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26119053 5 44 theme solid 792:796 arg1 residues 798:805 the solid residues 788:805 the solid residues 788:805 The morphology and structure of the solid residues were performed using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR, by which the increase of crystallinity, the destruction of surface structure, and the changes in functional groups and compositions were studied after the pretreatment, thus significantly enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis. 27474552 2 0 theme AgNPs 479:483 arg1 size 455:458 the size 451:458 the size of the synthesized AgNPs 451:483 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 2 0 theme AgNPs 479:483 arg1 3nm 501:503 3nm 501:503 3nm (average diameter) 501:522 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 2 1 theme synthesized 467:477 arg1 AgNPs 479:483 the synthesized AgNPs 463:483 the synthesized AgNPs 463:483 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 5 2 theme apparent 762:769 arg1 kinetics 771:778 The apparent kinetics 758:778 The apparent kinetics of reduction 758:791 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 0 3 theme catalytic 99:107 arg1 reduction 109:117 catalytic reduction 99:117 catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 99:134 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 6 4 theme MWCNTs-polymer 1083:1096 arg1 re-used 1115:1121 re-used 1115:1121 re-used 1115:1121 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 6 4 theme MWCNTs-polymer 1083:1096 arg1 composite 1098:1106 the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 1076:1106 the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 1076:1106 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 5 5 dep 7.88×10 913:919 arg1 -3 921:922 -3 921:922 -3 921:922 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 5 6 theme rate 836:839 arg1 constant 841:848 rate constant 836:848 rate constant 836:848 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 0 7 theme 4-nitrophenol 122:134 arg1 reduction 109:117 catalytic reduction 99:117 catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 99:134 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 6 8 theme @ 1082:1082 arg1 re-used 1115:1121 re-used 1115:1121 re-used 1115:1121 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 6 8 theme @ 1082:1082 arg1 composite 1098:1106 the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 1076:1106 the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 1076:1106 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 1 9 theme 4-nitrophenol 175:187 arg1 reduction 162:170 the reduction 158:170 the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) 158:194 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 6 10 theme reaction 1042:1049 arg1 medium 1051:1056 the reaction medium 1038:1056 the reaction medium 1038:1056 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 4 11 theme 4-NP 752:755 arg1 reduction 739:747 the reduction 735:747 the reduction of 4-NP 735:755 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 2 12 theme silver 378:383 arg1 nitrate 385:391 silver nitrate 378:391 silver nitrate 378:391 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 0 13 theme based 9:13 arg1 matrix 23:28 Chitosan based polymer matrix 0:28 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles 0:54 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 4 14 from presence 647:654 arg1 solution 697:704 aqueous solution 689:704 aqueous solution 689:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 15 theme borohydride 666:676 arg1 presence 647:654 the presence 643:654 the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution 643:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 0 16 theme Chitosan 0:7 arg1 matrix 23:28 Chitosan based polymer matrix 0:28 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles 0:54 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 1 17 theme polymer 284:290 arg1 matrix 292:297 polymer matrix 284:297 polymer matrix 284:297 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 4 18 theme effective 712:720 arg1 MWCNTs-polymer 615:628 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 612:638 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution 612:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 18 theme effective 712:720 arg1 catalyst 722:729 an effective catalyst 709:729 an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP 709:755 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 19 theme sodium 659:664 arg1 NaBH4 679:683 NaBH4 679:683 NaBH4 679:683 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 19 theme sodium 659:664 arg1 borohydride 666:676 sodium borohydride 659:676 sodium borohydride (NaBH4) 659:684 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 2 20 theme MWCNTs-polymer 421:434 arg1 nanocomposite 436:448 the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 417:448 the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 417:448 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 4 21 theme composite 630:638 arg1 MWCNTs-polymer 615:628 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 612:638 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution 612:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 21 theme composite 630:638 arg1 catalyst 722:729 an effective catalyst 709:729 an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP 709:755 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 0 22 theme polymer 15:21 arg1 matrix 23:28 Chitosan based polymer matrix 0:28 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles 0:54 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 4 23 attach presence 647:654 arg2 borohydride 666:676 sodium borohydride 659:676 sodium borohydride (NaBH4) 659:684 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 23 attach presence 647:654 arg1 solution 697:704 aqueous solution 689:704 aqueous solution 689:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 23 attach presence 647:654 arg2 NaBH4 679:683 NaBH4 679:683 NaBH4 679:683 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 3 24 theme synthesized 529:539 arg1 nanocomposites 541:554 The synthesized nanocomposites 525:554 The synthesized nanocomposites 525:554 The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using several analytical techniques. 27474552 6 25 theme MWCNTs-polymer 954:967 arg1 nanocomposite 969:981 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 950:981 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 950:981 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 0 26 theme silver 35:40 arg1 nanoparticles 42:54 silver nanoparticles 35:54 silver nanoparticles 35:54 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 3 27 theme several 581:587 arg1 techniques 600:609 several analytical techniques 581:609 several analytical techniques 581:609 The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using several analytical techniques. 27474552 4 28 from MWCNTs-polymer 615:628 arg1 presence 647:654 the presence 643:654 the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution 643:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 2 29 theme trisodium 396:404 arg1 citrate 406:412 trisodium citrate 396:412 trisodium citrate 396:412 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 2 30 theme nitrate 385:391 arg1 reduction 365:373 the reduction 361:373 the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 361:448 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 1 31 theme silver 304:309 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 silver nanoparticles 304:323 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 304:331 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 1 31 theme silver 304:309 arg1 AgNPs 326:330 AgNPs 326:330 AgNPs 326:330 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 2 32 theme average 506:512 arg1 3nm 501:503 3nm 501:503 3nm (average diameter) 501:522 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 2 32 theme average 506:512 arg1 diameter 514:521 average diameter 506:521 average diameter 506:521 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 5 33 contain has 793:795 arg1 kinetics 771:778 The apparent kinetics 758:778 The apparent kinetics of reduction 758:791 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 5 33 contain has 793:795 arg2 kinetics 818:825 a pseudo-first-order kinetics 797:825 a pseudo-first-order kinetics 797:825 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 3 34 theme analytical 589:598 arg1 techniques 600:609 several analytical techniques 581:609 several analytical techniques 581:609 The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using several analytical techniques. 27474552 0 35 with matrix 23:28 arg1 nanoparticles 42:54 silver nanoparticles 35:54 silver nanoparticles 35:54 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 1 36 theme carboxyl 215:222 arg1 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 1 36 theme carboxyl 215:222 arg1 nanotubes 264:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes 215:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 215:281 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 6 37 theme catalytic 1132:1140 arg1 cycles 1142:1147 many catalytic cycles 1127:1147 many catalytic cycles 1127:1147 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 2 38 from reduction 365:373 arg1 nanocomposite 436:448 the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 417:448 the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite 417:448 The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate by trisodium citrate in the MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite; the size of the synthesized AgNPs was found to be 3nm (average diameter). 27474552 6 39 theme many 1127:1130 arg1 cycles 1142:1147 many catalytic cycles 1127:1147 many catalytic cycles 1127:1147 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 4 40 theme aqueous 689:695 arg1 solution 697:704 aqueous solution 689:704 aqueous solution 689:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 5 41 theme 11.64s 933:938 arg1 g 943:943 11.64s(-1)g(-1) 933:947 11.64s(-1)g(-1) 933:947 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 1 42 theme novel 139:143 arg1 catalyst 145:152 A novel catalyst 137:152 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) 137:194 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 5 43 theme catalytic 854:862 arg1 activity 864:871 catalytic activity 854:871 catalytic activity 854:871 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 1 44 theme group-functionalized 224:243 arg1 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 1 44 theme group-functionalized 224:243 arg1 nanotubes 264:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes 215:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 215:281 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 6 45 theme Ag 1080:1081 arg1 re-used 1115:1121 re-used 1115:1121 re-used 1115:1121 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 6 45 theme Ag 1080:1081 arg1 composite 1098:1106 the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 1076:1106 the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 1076:1106 The MWCNTs-polymer nanocomposite renders stability to AgNPs against the environment and the reaction medium, which means that the Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite can be re-used for many catalytic cycles. 27474552 1 46 theme multiwalled 245:255 arg1 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 1 46 theme multiwalled 245:255 arg1 nanotubes 264:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes 215:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 215:281 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 0 47 theme carbon 78:83 arg1 nanotubes 85:93 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 66:93 multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 66:134 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 4 48 theme @ 614:614 arg1 MWCNTs-polymer 615:628 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 612:638 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution 612:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 48 theme @ 614:614 arg1 catalyst 722:729 an effective catalyst 709:729 an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP 709:755 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 5 49 theme activity 864:871 arg1 s 924:924 respectively 7.88×10(-3)s 900:924 respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1) 900:928 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 5 49 theme activity 864:871 arg1 parameter 873:881 the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter 832:881 the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter 832:881 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 5 50 theme constant 841:848 arg1 s 924:924 respectively 7.88×10(-3)s 900:924 respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1) 900:928 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 5 50 theme constant 841:848 arg1 parameter 873:881 the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter 832:881 the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter 832:881 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 1 51 theme carbon 257:262 arg1 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 MWCNTs 275:280 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 1 51 theme carbon 257:262 arg1 nanotubes 264:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes 215:272 carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 215:281 A novel catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was prepared using carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polymer matrix, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 27474552 0 52 theme multiwalled 66:76 arg1 nanotubes 85:93 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 66:93 multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 66:134 Chitosan based polymer matrix with silver nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 27474552 5 53 theme pseudo-first-order 799:816 arg1 kinetics 818:825 a pseudo-first-order kinetics 797:825 a pseudo-first-order kinetics 797:825 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 5 54 theme reduction 783:791 arg1 kinetics 771:778 The apparent kinetics 758:778 The apparent kinetics of reduction 758:791 The apparent kinetics of reduction has a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constant and catalytic activity parameter were found to be respectively 7.88×10(-3)s(-1)and 11.64s(-1)g(-1). 27474552 4 55 theme Ag 612:613 arg1 MWCNTs-polymer 615:628 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite 612:638 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution 612:704 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27474552 4 55 theme Ag 612:613 arg1 catalyst 722:729 an effective catalyst 709:729 an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP 709:755 Ag@MWCNTs-polymer composite in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution is an effective catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP. 27266190 6 0 link adipose-derived 848:862 arg1 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 6 0 link adipose-derived 848:862 arg1 cells 869:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells 829:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) 829:881 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 13 1 theme biomimetic 1619:1628 arg1 method 1645:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 7 2 theme group 1008:1012 arg1 substance 984:992 The mineral substance 972:992 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group 964:1012 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group exhibited a uniform distribution. 27266190 12 3 contain had 1517:1519 arg1 collagen 1508:1515 the type I collagen 1497:1515 the type I collagen 1497:1515 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 12 3 contain had 1517:1519 arg2 amount 1543:1548 the highest secretion amount 1521:1548 the highest secretion amount 1521:1548 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 12 3 contain had 1517:1519 arg1 ion 1489:1491 The calcium ion 1477:1491 The calcium ion 1477:1491 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 10 4 theme significant 1254:1264 arg1 increase 1266:1273 a statistically significant increase 1238:1273 a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus 1238:1304 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 0 5 theme biomimetic 89:98 arg1 mineralization 100:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 8 6 theme crystal 1052:1058 arg1 composition 1060:1070 The crystal composition 1048:1070 The crystal composition of the mineral substance 1048:1095 The crystal composition of the mineral substance suited the HA's features. 27266190 6 7 theme adipose-derived 848:862 arg1 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 6 7 theme adipose-derived 848:862 arg1 cells 869:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells 829:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) 829:881 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 7 8 dep RESULTS 964:970 arg1 substance 984:992 The mineral substance 972:992 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group 964:1012 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group exhibited a uniform distribution. 27266190 13 9 used used 1659:1662 arg2 method 1645:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 13 10 theme SBF 1615:1617 arg1 method 1645:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 6 11 theme Osteogenic-induced 829:846 arg1 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 6 11 theme Osteogenic-induced 829:846 arg1 cells 869:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells 829:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) 829:881 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 3 12 theme mineralization 585:598 arg1 process 600:606 the mineralization process 581:606 the mineralization process 581:606 Afterward, precalcificated scaffolds were placed into the SBF to conduct the mineralization process. 27266190 9 13 theme time 1208:1211 arg1 extension 1180:1188 the extension 1176:1188 the extension of mineralization time 1176:1211 The compressive elastic modulus increased along with the extension of mineralization time. 27266190 11 14 theme experimental 1445:1456 arg1 groups 1458:1463 the three experimental groups 1435:1463 the three experimental groups 1435:1463 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 7 15 theme mineral 976:982 arg1 substance 984:992 The mineral substance 972:992 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group 964:1012 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group exhibited a uniform distribution. 27266190 10 16 from increase 1266:1273 arg1 modulus 1298:1304 compressive elastic modulus 1278:1304 compressive elastic modulus 1278:1304 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 10 17 theme P 1339:1339 arg1 group 1332:1336 the control group 1320:1336 the control group (P < 0.05) 1320:1347 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 10 17 theme P 1339:1339 arg1 < 1341:1341 P < 0.05 1339:1346 P < 0.05 1339:1346 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 1 18 theme mineralization 275:288 arg1 time 290:293 mineralization time 275:293 mineralization time 275:293 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 11 19 theme P 1466:1466 arg1 < 1468:1468 P < 0.05 1466:1473 P < 0.05 1466:1473 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 8 20 theme substance 1087:1095 arg1 composition 1060:1070 The crystal composition 1048:1070 The crystal composition of the mineral substance 1048:1095 The crystal composition of the mineral substance suited the HA's features. 27266190 12 21 theme secretion 1533:1541 arg1 amount 1543:1548 the highest secretion amount 1521:1548 the highest secretion amount 1521:1548 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 4 22 theme experimental 683:694 arg1 groups 696:701 three experimental groups 677:701 three experimental groups 677:701 Mineralization time was set at 7, 14, and 21 days, corresponding to three experimental groups. 27266190 5 23 theme physical 764:771 arg1 properties 786:795 the physical and chemical properties 760:795 the physical and chemical properties of the four groups 760:814 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 8 24 theme mineral 1079:1085 arg1 substance 1087:1095 the mineral substance 1075:1095 the mineral substance 1075:1095 The crystal composition of the mineral substance suited the HA's features. 27266190 12 25 theme highest 1525:1531 arg1 amount 1543:1548 the highest secretion amount 1521:1548 the highest secretion amount 1521:1548 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 1 26 theme -chitosan 181:189 arg1 scaffold 191:198 a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold 160:198 a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold 160:198 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 2 27 theme soaking 492:498 arg1 scaffolds 373:381 The HA-chitosan scaffolds 357:381 The HA-chitosan scaffolds 357:381 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 2 27 theme soaking 492:498 arg1 method 500:505 alternative soaking method 480:505 alternative soaking method 480:505 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 13 28 theme bone-tissue-engineering 1689:1711 arg1 scaffolds 1713:1721 HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds 1677:1721 HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds 1677:1721 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 10 29 theme control 1324:1330 arg1 group 1332:1336 the control group 1320:1336 the control group (P < 0.05) 1320:1347 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 10 29 theme control 1324:1330 arg1 < 1341:1341 P < 0.05 1339:1346 P < 0.05 1339:1346 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 11 30 theme 14-day 1386:1391 arg1 group 1393:1397 the 14-day group 1382:1397 the 14-day group 1382:1397 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 2 31 theme alternative 480:490 arg1 scaffolds 373:381 The HA-chitosan scaffolds 357:381 The HA-chitosan scaffolds 357:381 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 2 31 theme alternative 480:490 arg1 method 500:505 alternative soaking method 480:505 alternative soaking method 480:505 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 4 32 theme Mineralization 609:622 arg1 time 624:627 Mineralization time 609:627 Mineralization time 609:627 Mineralization time was set at 7, 14, and 21 days, corresponding to three experimental groups. 27266190 2 33 dep METHODS 349:355 arg1 fabricated 388:397 fabricated 388:397 fabricated by freeze-drying technique 388:424 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 2 33 dep METHODS 349:355 arg1 subjected 435:443 subjected 435:443 subjected 435:443 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 14 34 theme biological 1728:1737 arg1 compatibility 1739:1751 The biological compatibility 1724:1751 The biological compatibility 1724:1751 The biological compatibility, as well as the chemical and physical properties, reached the optimum levels at day 14. 27266190 5 35 theme groups 809:814 arg1 properties 786:795 the physical and chemical properties 760:795 the physical and chemical properties of the four groups 760:814 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 1 36 dep OBJECTIVE 117:125 arg1 aimed 141:145 aimed 141:145 aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility 141:346 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 1 37 theme simulated 204:212 arg1 SBF 226:228 SBF 226:228 SBF 226:228 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 1 37 theme simulated 204:212 arg1 fluid 219:223 simulated body fluid 204:223 simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization 204:255 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 11 38 theme cell 1354:1357 arg1 level 1373:1377 The cell proliferation level 1350:1377 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group 1350:1397 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 11 38 theme cell 1354:1357 arg1 highest 1421:1427 highest 1421:1427 highest 1421:1427 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 1 39 theme scaffold 303:310 arg1 construction 312:323 scaffold construction 303:323 scaffold construction 303:323 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 8 40 theme HA 1108:1109 arg1 features 1113:1120 the HA's features 1104:1120 the HA's features 1104:1120 The crystal composition of the mineral substance suited the HA's features. 27266190 12 41 theme I 1506:1506 arg1 collagen 1508:1515 the type I collagen 1497:1515 the type I collagen 1497:1515 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 9 42 theme elastic 1139:1145 arg1 modulus 1147:1153 The compressive elastic modulus 1123:1153 The compressive elastic modulus 1123:1153 The compressive elastic modulus increased along with the extension of mineralization time. 27266190 1 43 theme body 214:217 arg1 SBF 226:228 SBF 226:228 SBF 226:228 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 1 43 theme body 214:217 arg1 fluid 219:223 simulated body fluid 204:223 simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization 204:255 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 0 44 theme scaffold 55:62 arg1 evaluation 17:26 evaluation 17:26 evaluation 17:26 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 0 44 theme scaffold 55:62 arg1 [Fabrication 0:11 [Fabrication 0:11 [Fabrication 0:11 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 14 45 theme optimum 1815:1821 arg1 levels 1823:1828 the optimum levels 1811:1828 the optimum levels 1811:1828 The biological compatibility, as well as the chemical and physical properties, reached the optimum levels at day 14. 27266190 5 46 theme control 741:747 arg1 scaffolds 718:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds 704:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds 704:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 5 46 theme control 741:747 arg1 group 749:753 the control group 737:753 the control group 737:753 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 12 47 theme type 1501:1504 arg1 collagen 1508:1515 the type I collagen 1497:1515 the type I collagen 1497:1515 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 1 48 theme fluid 219:223 arg1 mineralization 242:255 simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization 204:255 simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization 204:255 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 0 49 theme hydroxyapatite-chitosan 31:53 arg1 scaffold 55:62 hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold 31:62 hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold 31:62 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 11 50 theme group 1393:1397 arg1 level 1373:1377 The cell proliferation level 1350:1377 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group 1350:1397 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 11 50 theme group 1393:1397 arg1 highest 1421:1427 highest 1421:1427 highest 1421:1427 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 14 51 theme chemical 1769:1776 arg1 properties 1791:1800 the chemical and physical properties 1765:1800 the chemical and physical properties 1765:1800 The biological compatibility, as well as the chemical and physical properties, reached the optimum levels at day 14. 27266190 0 52 theme simulated 68:76 arg1 mineralization 100:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 1 53 theme cell 329:332 arg1 compatibility 334:346 cell compatibility 329:346 cell compatibility 329:346 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 5 54 theme Pure 704:707 arg1 scaffolds 718:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds 704:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds 704:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 5 54 theme Pure 704:707 arg1 group 749:753 the control group 737:753 the control group 737:753 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 5 55 theme chemical 777:784 arg1 properties 786:795 the physical and chemical properties 760:795 the physical and chemical properties of the four groups 760:814 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 13 56 dep CONCLUSION 1600:1609 arg1 used 1659:1662 used 1659:1662 can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds 1652:1721 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 11 57 dep highest 1421:1427 arg1 < 1468:1468 P < 0.05 1466:1473 P < 0.05 1466:1473 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 12 58 theme 14-day 1586:1591 arg1 group 1593:1597 the 14-day group 1582:1597 the 14-day group 1582:1597 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 5 59 theme chitosan 709:716 arg1 scaffolds 718:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds 704:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds 704:726 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 5 59 theme chitosan 709:716 arg1 group 749:753 the control group 737:753 the control group 737:753 Pure chitosan scaffolds acted as the control group, and the physical and chemical properties of the four groups were tested. 27266190 13 60 theme HA-chitosan 1677:1687 arg1 scaffolds 1713:1721 HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds 1677:1721 HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds 1677:1721 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 7 61 theme uniform 1026:1032 arg1 distribution 1034:1045 a uniform distribution 1024:1045 a uniform distribution 1024:1045 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group exhibited a uniform distribution. 27266190 2 62 theme HA-chitosan 361:371 arg1 scaffolds 373:381 The HA-chitosan scaffolds 357:381 The HA-chitosan scaffolds 357:381 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 2 62 theme HA-chitosan 361:371 arg1 method 500:505 alternative soaking method 480:505 alternative soaking method 480:505 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 10 63 theme elastic 1290:1296 arg1 modulus 1298:1304 compressive elastic modulus 1278:1304 compressive elastic modulus 1278:1304 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 13 64 theme mineralization 1630:1643 arg1 method 1645:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 The SBF biomimetic mineralization method 1611:1650 CONCLUSION The SBF biomimetic mineralization method can be used to fabricate HA-chitosan bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds. 27266190 12 65 theme calcium 1481:1487 arg1 ion 1489:1491 The calcium ion 1477:1491 The calcium ion 1477:1491 The calcium ion and the type I collagen had the highest secretion amount when the cells were seeded into the 14-day group. 27266190 3 66 theme precalcificated 519:533 arg1 scaffolds 535:543 precalcificated scaffolds 519:543 precalcificated scaffolds 519:543 Afterward, precalcificated scaffolds were placed into the SBF to conduct the mineralization process. 27266190 9 67 theme mineralization 1193:1206 arg1 time 1208:1211 mineralization time 1193:1211 mineralization time 1193:1211 The compressive elastic modulus increased along with the extension of mineralization time. 27266190 14 68 theme physical 1782:1789 arg1 properties 1791:1800 the chemical and physical properties 1765:1800 the chemical and physical properties 1765:1800 The biological compatibility, as well as the chemical and physical properties, reached the optimum levels at day 14. 27266190 9 69 theme compressive 1127:1137 arg1 modulus 1147:1153 The compressive elastic modulus 1123:1153 The compressive elastic modulus 1123:1153 The compressive elastic modulus increased along with the extension of mineralization time. 27266190 10 70 theme 21-day 1218:1223 arg1 group 1225:1229 The 21-day group 1214:1229 The 21-day group 1214:1229 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 0 71 theme fluid 83:87 arg1 mineralization 100:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 6 72 theme stem 864:867 arg1 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 ADSCs 876:880 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 6 72 theme stem 864:867 arg1 cells 869:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells 829:873 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) 829:881 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 2 73 dep subjected 435:443 arg1 known 471:475 known 471:475 known as alternative soaking method 471:505 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 2 74 theme freeze-drying 402:414 arg1 technique 416:424 freeze-drying technique 402:424 freeze-drying technique 402:424 METHODS The HA-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique and then subjected to precalcification, also known as alternative soaking method. 27266190 10 75 theme compressive 1278:1288 arg1 modulus 1298:1304 compressive elastic modulus 1278:1304 compressive elastic modulus 1278:1304 The 21-day group showed a statistically significant increase in compressive elastic modulus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 27266190 1 76 theme biomimetic 231:240 arg1 mineralization 242:255 simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization 204:255 simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization 204:255 OBJECTIVE This research aimed to fabricate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid (SBF) biomimetic mineralization and determine how mineralization time affects scaffold construction and cell compatibility. 27266190 0 77 theme body 78:81 arg1 mineralization 100:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization 68:113 [Fabrication and evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold via simulated body fluid biomimetic mineralization]. 27266190 6 78 theme cell 944:947 arg1 compatibility 949:961 the scaffolds' cell compatibility 929:961 the scaffolds' cell compatibility 929:961 Osteogenic-induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds to investigate the scaffolds' cell compatibility. 27266190 7 79 theme 14-day 1001:1006 arg1 group 1008:1012 the 14-day group 997:1012 the 14-day group 997:1012 RESULTS The mineral substance of the 14-day group exhibited a uniform distribution. 27266190 11 80 theme proliferation 1359:1371 arg1 level 1373:1377 The cell proliferation level 1350:1377 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group 1350:1397 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 27266190 11 80 theme proliferation 1359:1371 arg1 highest 1421:1427 highest 1421:1427 highest 1421:1427 The cell proliferation level of the 14-day group was significantly the highest among the three experimental groups (P < 0.05). 24837076 7 0 theme peptide 1084:1090 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1092:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV 1073:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1073:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 0 theme peptide 1084:1090 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1114:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 3 1 theme immobilization 498:511 arg1 method 513:518 a novel peptide immobilization method 482:518 a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier 482:550 To respond to this challenge, a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier was developed in this work. 24837076 4 2 theme enzyme 595:600 arg1 I 616:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I 580:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) 580:623 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 2 theme enzyme 595:600 arg1 model 639:643 a model 637:643 a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 637:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 2 theme enzyme 595:600 arg1 EG 619:620 EG I 619:622 EG I 619:622 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 7 3 theme I 1073:1073 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1092:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV 1073:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1073:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 3 theme I 1073:1073 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1114:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 2 4 theme peptides 291:298 arg1 immobilization 273:286 the immobilization 269:286 the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process 269:360 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 9 5 theme symmetrical 1693:1703 arg1 phage 1723:1727 the symmetrical carrier landscape phage 1689:1727 the symmetrical carrier landscape phage 1689:1727 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 10 6 theme immobilized 1966:1976 arg1 peptides 1978:1985 the immobilized peptides 1962:1985 the immobilized peptides 1962:1985 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 10 6 theme immobilized 1966:1976 arg1 regular 1999:2005 regular 1999:2005 regular 1999:2005 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 6 7 used used 976:979 arg2 EGSDPRMV 963:970 the phage EGSDPRMV 953:970 the phage EGSDPRMV 953:970 Subsequently, the phage EGSDPRMV was used directly to construct peptide microarray. 24837076 3 8 theme phage 538:542 arg1 carrier 544:550 symmetrical phage carrier 526:550 symmetrical phage carrier 526:550 To respond to this challenge, a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier was developed in this work. 24837076 1 9 theme analytical 171:180 arg1 implementation 182:195 a routine analytical implementation 161:195 a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics 161:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 9 10 from density 1763:1769 arg1 spot 1827:1830 each spot 1822:1830 each spot 1822:1830 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 9 11 theme landscape 1713:1721 arg1 phage 1723:1727 the symmetrical carrier landscape phage 1689:1727 the symmetrical carrier landscape phage 1689:1727 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 5 12 theme fusion 846:851 arg1 EGSDPRMV 861:868 the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV 842:868 the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) 842:885 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 5 12 theme fusion 846:851 arg1 EGSDPRMV 877:884 phage EGSDPRMV 871:884 phage EGSDPRMV 871:884 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 8 13 theme four 1344:1347 arg1 times 1349:1353 times 1349:1353 times 1349:1353 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 0 14 theme cellulase 110:118 arg1 detection 97:105 detection 97:105 detection of cellulase 97:118 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 2 15 theme high 305:308 arg1 density 310:316 high density 305:316 high density in each spot 305:329 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 1 16 theme research 208:215 arg1 areas 217:221 various research areas 200:221 various research areas due to their unique characteristics 200:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 10 17 with regular 1999:2005 arg1 amino-terminal 2017:2030 amino-terminal 2017:2030 amino-terminal 2017:2030 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 8 18 theme fluorescent 1243:1253 arg1 signal 1255:1260 The fluorescent signal 1239:1260 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1239:1310 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 8 18 theme fluorescent 1243:1253 arg1 reproducible 1321:1332 reproducible 1321:1332 reproducible 1321:1332 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 1 19 theme due 223:225 arg1 areas 217:221 various research areas 200:221 various research areas due to their unique characteristics 200:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 4 20 theme ligands 683:689 arg1 selection 649:657 selection 649:657 selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 649:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 8 21 theme phage 1269:1273 arg1 microarray 1301:1310 the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1265:1310 the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1265:1310 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 1 22 from implementation 182:195 arg1 areas 217:221 various research areas 200:221 various research areas due to their unique characteristics 200:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 8 23 theme phage 1467:1471 arg1 method 1514:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 8 24 theme peptide 1293:1299 arg1 microarray 1301:1310 the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1265:1310 the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1265:1310 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 7 25 theme traditional 1187:1197 arg1 method 1199:1204 traditional method 1187:1204 traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray 1187:1236 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 2 26 from density 310:316 arg1 spot 326:329 spot 326:329 spot 326:329 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 2 27 with peptides 291:298 arg1 density 310:316 high density 305:316 high density in each spot 305:329 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 9 28 theme immobilized 1798:1808 arg1 peptides 1810:1817 immobilized peptides 1798:1817 immobilized peptides 1798:1817 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 8 29 theme peptide 1491:1497 arg1 method 1514:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 4 30 theme specific 666:673 arg1 ligands 683:689 its specific peptide ligands 662:689 its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 662:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 0 31 theme carrier 69:75 arg1 phage 87:91 symmetrical carrier landscape phage 57:91 symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase 57:118 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 5 32 theme phage 871:875 arg1 EGSDPRMV 861:868 the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV 842:868 the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) 842:885 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 5 32 theme phage 871:875 arg1 EGSDPRMV 877:884 phage EGSDPRMV 871:884 phage EGSDPRMV 871:884 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 6 33 theme phage 957:961 arg1 EGSDPRMV 963:970 the phage EGSDPRMV 953:970 the phage EGSDPRMV 953:970 Subsequently, the phage EGSDPRMV was used directly to construct peptide microarray. 24837076 8 34 theme method 1514:1519 arg1 efficiency 1440:1449 the high efficiency 1431:1449 the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1431:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 9 35 theme based 1550:1554 arg1 microarray 1556:1565 the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray 1531:1565 the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray 1531:1565 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 0 36 from density 40:46 arg1 microarray 8:17 Peptide microarray 0:17 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density 0:46 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 7 37 theme phage 1148:1152 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1154:1161 phage EGSDPRMV 1148:1161 phage EGSDPRMV 1148:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 0 38 theme high 35:38 arg1 density 40:46 high density 35:46 high density 35:46 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 4 39 theme landscape 705:713 arg1 library 715:721 the f8/8 landscape library 696:721 the f8/8 landscape library 696:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 0 40 theme Peptide 0:6 arg1 microarray 8:17 Peptide microarray 0:17 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density 0:46 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 2 41 theme microarray 432:441 arg1 performance 403:413 the performance 399:413 the performance of the resultant microarray 399:441 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 10 42 theme immobilizing 1889:1900 arg1 ligands 1910:1916 the immobilizing peptide ligands 1885:1916 the immobilizing peptide ligands 1885:1916 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 9 43 theme microarray 1604:1613 arg1 construction 1615:1626 microarray construction 1604:1626 microarray construction 1604:1626 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 5 44 theme phage 730:734 arg1 monoclones 736:745 Three phage monoclones 724:745 Three phage monoclones 724:745 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 8 45 theme pVIII-fused 1381:1391 arg1 microarray 1408:1417 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray 1381:1417 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray 1381:1417 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 2 46 theme fabricating 342:352 arg1 process 354:360 the fabricating process 338:360 the fabricating process 338:360 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 9 47 from regularity 1784:1793 arg1 spot 1827:1830 each spot 1822:1830 each spot 1822:1830 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 4 48 theme endoglucanase 602:614 arg1 I 616:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I 580:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) 580:623 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 48 theme endoglucanase 602:614 arg1 model 639:643 a model 637:643 a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 637:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 48 theme endoglucanase 602:614 arg1 EG 619:620 EG I 619:622 EG I 619:622 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 1 49 theme unique 236:241 arg1 characteristics 243:257 their unique characteristics 230:257 their unique characteristics 230:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 9 50 theme enhanced 1661:1668 arg1 sensitivity 1670:1680 significantly enhanced sensitivity 1647:1680 significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot 1647:1830 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 7 51 theme peptide 1219:1225 arg1 microarray 1227:1236 peptide microarray 1219:1236 peptide microarray 1219:1236 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 52 theme specific 1075:1082 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1092:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV 1073:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1073:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 52 theme specific 1075:1082 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1114:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 3 53 theme peptide 490:496 arg1 method 513:518 a novel peptide immobilization method 482:518 a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier 482:550 To respond to this challenge, a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier was developed in this work. 24837076 4 54 from selection 649:657 arg1 library 715:721 the f8/8 landscape library 696:721 the f8/8 landscape library 696:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 55 theme cellulytic 584:593 arg1 I 616:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I 580:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) 580:623 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 55 theme cellulytic 584:593 arg1 model 639:643 a model 637:643 a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 637:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 55 theme cellulytic 584:593 arg1 EG 619:620 EG I 619:622 EG I 619:622 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 3 56 theme symmetrical 526:536 arg1 carrier 544:550 symmetrical phage carrier 526:550 symmetrical phage carrier 526:550 To respond to this challenge, a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier was developed in this work. 24837076 1 57 theme routine 163:169 arg1 implementation 182:195 a routine analytical implementation 161:195 a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics 161:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 9 58 theme carrier 1705:1711 arg1 phage 1723:1727 the symmetrical carrier landscape phage 1689:1727 the symmetrical carrier landscape phage 1689:1727 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 7 59 theme major 1039:1043 arg1 protein 1050:1056 major coat protein pVIII 1039:1062 major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1039:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 60 theme coat 1045:1048 arg1 protein 1050:1056 major coat protein pVIII 1039:1062 major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1039:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 8 61 dep times 1349:1353 arg1 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 higher 1355:1360 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 1 62 theme various 200:206 arg1 areas 217:221 various research areas 200:221 various research areas due to their unique characteristics 200:257 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 8 63 theme high 1435:1438 arg1 efficiency 1440:1449 the high efficiency 1431:1449 the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1431:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 9 64 theme phage 1535:1539 arg1 microarray 1556:1565 the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray 1531:1565 the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray 1531:1565 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 10 65 theme proposed 1843:1850 arg1 strategy 1852:1859 the proposed strategy 1839:1859 the proposed strategy 1839:1859 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 8 66 theme proposed 1458:1465 arg1 method 1514:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 4 67 theme peptide 675:681 arg1 ligands 683:689 its specific peptide ligands 662:689 its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 662:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 1 68 theme Peptide 121:127 arg1 microarrays 129:139 Peptide microarrays 121:139 Peptide microarrays 121:139 Peptide microarrays evolved recently as a routine analytical implementation in various research areas due to their unique characteristics. 24837076 9 69 theme sterical 1775:1782 arg1 regularity 1784:1793 sterical regularity 1775:1793 sterical regularity 1775:1793 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 8 70 theme EGSDPRMV-mediated 1473:1489 arg1 method 1514:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 5 71 theme highest 921:927 arg1 affinity 929:936 highest affinity 921:936 highest affinity 921:936 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 0 72 theme symmetrical 57:67 arg1 phage 87:91 symmetrical carrier landscape phage 57:91 symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase 57:118 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 4 73 used used 629:632 arg2 EG 619:620 EG I 619:622 EG I 619:622 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 73 used used 629:632 arg2 I 616:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I 580:616 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) 580:623 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 73 used used 629:632 arg2 model 639:643 a model 637:643 a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 637:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 5 74 theme peptide 853:859 arg1 EGSDPRMV 861:868 the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV 842:868 the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) 842:885 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 5 74 theme peptide 853:859 arg1 EGSDPRMV 877:884 phage EGSDPRMV 871:884 phage EGSDPRMV 871:884 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 8 75 theme immobilization 1499:1512 arg1 method 1514:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method 1454:1519 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 8 76 theme EGSDPRMV-mediated 1275:1291 arg1 microarray 1301:1310 the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1265:1310 the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1265:1310 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 0 77 theme landscape 77:85 arg1 phage 87:91 symmetrical carrier landscape phage 57:91 symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase 57:118 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 9 78 theme peptides 1810:1817 arg1 density 1763:1769 density 1763:1769 density 1763:1769 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 9 78 theme peptides 1810:1817 arg1 regularity 1784:1793 sterical regularity 1775:1793 sterical regularity 1775:1793 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 8 79 theme microarray 1301:1310 arg1 signal 1255:1260 The fluorescent signal 1239:1260 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray 1239:1310 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 8 79 theme microarray 1301:1310 arg1 reproducible 1321:1332 reproducible 1321:1332 reproducible 1321:1332 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 9 80 theme EGSDPRMV 1541:1548 arg1 microarray 1556:1565 the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray 1531:1565 the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray 1531:1565 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 7 81 attach isolated 1134:1141 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1154:1161 phage EGSDPRMV 1148:1161 phage EGSDPRMV 1148:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 81 attach isolated 1134:1141 arg2 EGSDPRMV 1092:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV 1073:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1073:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 81 attach isolated 1134:1141 arg2 EGSDPRMV 1114:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 4 82 from library 715:721 arg1 ligands 683:689 its specific peptide ligands 662:689 its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 662:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 82 from library 715:721 arg1 selection 649:657 selection 649:657 selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library 649:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 4 83 theme f8/8 700:703 arg1 library 715:721 the f8/8 landscape library 696:721 the f8/8 landscape library 696:721 The cellulytic enzyme endoglucanase I (EG I) was used as a model for selection of its specific peptide ligands from the f8/8 landscape library. 24837076 5 84 theme specificity 783:793 arg1 array 795:799 the specificity array 779:799 the specificity array 779:799 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 2 85 theme resultant 422:430 arg1 microarray 432:441 the resultant microarray 418:441 the resultant microarray 418:441 However, the immobilization of peptides with high density in each spot during the fabricating process remains a problem, which will affect the performance of the resultant microarray greatly. 24837076 10 86 theme peptide 1902:1908 arg1 ligands 1910:1916 the immobilizing peptide ligands 1885:1916 the immobilizing peptide ligands 1885:1916 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 7 87 theme pVIII-fused 1102:1112 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1092:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV 1073:1099 I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV 1073:1161 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 7 87 theme pVIII-fused 1102:1112 arg1 EGSDPRMV 1114:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV 1102:1121 For comparison, major coat protein pVIII fused EG I specific peptide EGSDPRMV (pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV) which was isolated from phage EGSDPRMV was also immobilized by traditional method to fabricate peptide microarray. 24837076 6 88 theme peptide 1003:1009 arg1 microarray 1011:1020 peptide microarray 1003:1020 peptide microarray 1003:1020 Subsequently, the phage EGSDPRMV was used directly to construct peptide microarray. 24837076 10 89 contain has 1861:1863 arg2 advantages 1869:1878 the advantages 1865:1878 the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal 1865:2030 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 10 89 contain has 1861:1863 arg1 strategy 1852:1859 the proposed strategy 1839:1859 the proposed strategy 1839:1859 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 24837076 9 90 dep density 1763:1769 arg1 the 1759:1761 the 1759:1761 the 1759:1761 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 9 91 theme construction 1615:1626 arg1 procedure 1591:1599 the procedure 1587:1599 the procedure of microarray construction 1587:1626 Further, the phage EGSDPRMV based microarray not only simplified the procedure of microarray construction but also exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity due to the symmetrical carrier landscape phage, which dramatically increased the density and sterical regularity of immobilized peptides in each spot. 24837076 0 92 with microarray 8:17 arg1 ligands 24:30 ligands 24:30 ligands 24:30 Peptide microarray with ligands at high density based on symmetrical carrier landscape phage for detection of cellulase. 24837076 3 93 theme novel 484:488 arg1 method 513:518 a novel peptide immobilization method 482:518 a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier 482:550 To respond to this challenge, a novel peptide immobilization method using symmetrical phage carrier was developed in this work. 24837076 8 94 theme EGSDPRMV-based 1393:1406 arg1 microarray 1408:1417 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray 1381:1417 pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray 1381:1417 The fluorescent signal of the phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide microarray was more reproducible and about four times higher than the value for pVIII-fused EGSDPRMV-based microarray, suggesting the high efficiency of the proposed phage EGSDPRMV-mediated peptide immobilization method. 24837076 5 95 theme phage 815:819 arg1 monoclone 821:829 one phage monoclone 811:829 one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) 811:885 Three phage monoclones were selected and identified by the specificity array, of which one phage monoclone displaying the fusion peptide EGSDPRMV (phage EGSDPRMV) could bind EG I specifically with highest affinity. 24837076 10 96 dep disturbed 1927:1935 arg1 advantages 1869:1878 the advantages 1865:1878 the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal 1865:2030 Thus, the proposed strategy has the advantages that the immobilizing peptide ligands were not disturbed by their composition and the immobilized peptides were highly regular with free amino-terminal. 27067267 8 0 theme increased 1147:1155 arg1 weight 1170:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 1 theme Bifidobacterium 1029:1043 arg1 spp 1045:1047 colonic Bifidobacterium spp 1021:1047 colonic Bifidobacterium spp 1021:1047 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 1 2 dep SCOPE 93:97 arg1 influences 185:194 influences 185:194 influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life 185:246 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 0 3 theme offspring 82:90 arg1 development 62:72 the development 58:72 the development of mice offspring 58:90 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring. 27067267 7 4 theme spp 1045:1047 arg1 weight 968:973 increased body weight 953:973 increased body weight 953:973 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 4 theme spp 1045:1047 arg1 length 985:990 colon length 979:990 colon length 979:990 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 4 theme spp 1045:1047 arg1 proportions 1006:1016 increased proportions 996:1016 increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp 996:1047 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 8 5 from dams 1211:1214 arg1 pups 1189:1192 pups 1189:1192 pups from control-fed dams 1189:1214 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 6 from dams 944:947 arg1 pups 926:929 pups 926:929 pups from CMO-fed dams 926:947 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 2 7 mod modified 341:348 arg1 microbiota 262:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 2 7 mod modified 341:348 arg3 prebiotics 361:370 dietary prebiotics 353:370 dietary prebiotics 353:370 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 2 7 mod modified 341:348 arg1 source 285:290 the main source 276:290 the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT 276:328 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 9 8 theme pups 1322:1325 arg1 development 1303:1313 the development 1299:1313 the development of the pups 1299:1325 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 6 9 theme GOS-fed 813:819 arg1 dams 821:824 GOS-fed dams 813:824 GOS-fed dams 813:824 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 2 10 theme main 280:283 arg1 microbiota 262:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 2 10 theme main 280:283 arg1 source 285:290 the main source 276:290 the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT 276:328 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 7 11 theme colonic 1021:1027 arg1 spp 1045:1047 colonic Bifidobacterium spp 1021:1047 colonic Bifidobacterium spp 1021:1047 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 3 12 theme mice 522:525 arg1 intestine 502:510 the large intestine 492:510 the large intestine of female mice 492:525 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 12 theme mice 522:525 arg1 development 562:572 offspring's development 550:572 offspring's development 550:572 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 12 theme mice 522:525 arg1 composition 533:543 milk composition 528:543 milk composition 528:543 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 9 13 theme bifidobacteria 1358:1371 arg1 abundance 1345:1353 the relative abundance 1332:1353 the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon 1332:1401 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 3 14 theme oligosaccharides 466:481 arg1 consumption 428:438 prenatal consumption 419:438 prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) 419:487 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 9 15 theme CONCLUSION 1217:1226 arg1 Consumption 1228:1238 CONCLUSION Consumption 1217:1238 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation 1217:1288 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 7 16 theme increased 996:1004 arg1 proportions 1006:1016 increased proportions 996:1016 increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp 996:1047 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 4 17 theme C57BL/6 595:601 arg1 mice 603:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice 575:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice 575:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. 27067267 8 18 theme visceral 1157:1164 arg1 weight 1170:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 5 19 theme control 780:786 arg1 diet 788:791 the control diet 776:791 the control diet 776:791 From weaning, some pups nursed by CMO, GOS, and control-dams were fed the control diet for 30 days. 27067267 6 20 theme control-fed 896:906 arg1 dams 908:911 control-fed dams 896:911 control-fed dams 896:911 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 7 21 from dams 1087:1090 arg1 pups 1065:1068 the pups 1061:1068 the pups from control-fed dams 1061:1090 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 22 theme colon 979:983 arg1 length 985:990 colon length 979:990 colon length 979:990 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 1 23 theme diseases 225:232 arg1 development 200:210 the development 196:210 the development of metabolic diseases 196:232 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 1 24 theme early 173:177 arg1 life 179:182 early life 173:182 early life 173:182 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 0 25 theme caprine 9:15 arg1 consumption 38:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring. 27067267 3 26 theme large 496:500 arg1 intestine 502:510 the large intestine 492:510 the large intestine of female mice 492:525 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 7 27 contain had 949:951 arg2 proportions 1006:1016 increased proportions 996:1016 increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp 996:1047 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 27 contain had 949:951 arg2 weight 968:973 increased body weight 953:973 increased body weight 953:973 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 27 contain had 949:951 arg1 pups 926:929 pups 926:929 pups from CMO-fed dams 926:947 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 7 27 contain had 949:951 arg2 length 985:990 colon length 979:990 colon length 979:990 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 6 28 contain had 826:828 arg1 CMO 806:808 CMO 806:808 CMO 806:808 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 6 28 contain had 826:828 arg1 dams 821:824 GOS-fed dams 813:824 GOS-fed dams 813:824 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 6 28 contain had 826:828 arg2 concentration 870:882 milk protein concentration 857:882 milk protein concentration 857:882 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 6 28 contain had 826:828 arg2 length 846:851 increased colon length 830:851 increased colon length 830:851 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 0 29 theme Prenatal 0:7 arg1 consumption 38:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring. 27067267 9 30 theme CMO 1243:1245 arg1 Consumption 1228:1238 CONCLUSION Consumption 1217:1238 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation 1217:1288 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 8 31 contain had 1143:1145 arg1 pups 1120:1123 pups 1120:1123 pups from CMO-fed dams 1120:1141 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 8 31 contain had 1143:1145 arg2 weight 1170:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 2 32 theme bacteria 295:302 arg1 microbiota 262:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 2 32 theme bacteria 295:302 arg1 source 285:290 the main source 276:290 the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT 276:328 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 8 33 theme fat 1166:1168 arg1 weight 1170:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 increased visceral fat weight 1147:1175 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 2 34 theme dietary 353:359 arg1 prebiotics 361:370 dietary prebiotics 353:370 dietary prebiotics 353:370 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 0 35 theme oligosaccharide 22:36 arg1 consumption 38:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring. 27067267 3 36 theme prebiotic 443:451 arg1 CMO 484:486 CMO 484:486 CMO 484:486 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 36 theme prebiotic 443:451 arg1 oligosaccharides 466:481 prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides 443:481 prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) 443:487 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 0 37 theme milk 17:20 arg1 consumption 38:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption 0:48 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring. 27067267 4 38 theme METHODS 575:581 arg1 mice 603:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice 575:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice 575:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. 27067267 3 39 theme milk 528:531 arg1 composition 533:543 milk composition 528:543 milk composition 528:543 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 40 theme caprine 453:459 arg1 CMO 484:486 CMO 484:486 CMO 484:486 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 40 theme caprine 453:459 arg1 oligosaccharides 466:481 prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides 443:481 prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) 443:487 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 6 41 theme protein 862:868 arg1 concentration 870:882 milk protein concentration 857:882 milk protein concentration 857:882 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 7 42 theme body 963:966 arg1 weight 968:973 increased body weight 953:973 increased body weight 953:973 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 9 43 theme butyric 1377:1383 arg1 acid 1385:1388 butyric acid 1377:1388 butyric acid 1377:1388 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 4 44 theme control 626:632 arg1 diet 634:637 a control diet 624:637 a control diet 624:637 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. 27067267 3 45 theme consumption 428:438 arg1 effects 408:414 the effects 404:414 the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development 404:572 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 6 46 theme milk 857:860 arg1 concentration 870:882 milk protein concentration 857:882 milk protein concentration 857:882 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 8 47 theme control-fed 1199:1209 arg1 dams 1211:1214 control-fed dams 1199:1214 control-fed dams 1199:1214 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 8 48 theme CMO-fed 1130:1136 arg1 dams 1138:1141 CMO-fed dams 1130:1141 CMO-fed dams 1130:1141 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 9 49 theme relative 1336:1343 arg1 abundance 1345:1353 the relative abundance 1332:1353 the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon 1332:1401 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 8 50 dep days 1100:1103 arg1 weaning 1111:1117 weaning 1111:1117 weaning 1111:1117 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 4 51 theme galacto-oligosaccharide 653:675 arg1 diet 677:680 galacto-oligosaccharide diet 653:680 galacto-oligosaccharide diet 653:680 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. 27067267 7 52 theme increased 953:961 arg1 weight 968:973 increased body weight 953:973 increased body weight 953:973 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 1 53 theme gastrointestinal 122:137 arg1 microbiota 145:154 the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota 118:154 the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota 118:154 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 1 54 from composition 103:113 arg1 life 179:182 early life 173:182 early life 173:182 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 6 55 theme colon 840:844 arg1 length 846:851 increased colon length 830:851 increased colon length 830:851 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 7 56 theme CMO-fed 936:942 arg1 dams 944:947 CMO-fed dams 936:947 CMO-fed dams 936:947 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 2 57 theme maternal 253:260 arg1 microbiota 262:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota 249:271 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 2 57 theme maternal 253:260 arg1 source 285:290 the main source 276:290 the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT 276:328 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 8 58 from dams 1138:1141 arg1 pups 1120:1123 pups 1120:1123 pups from CMO-fed dams 1120:1141 Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 2 59 theme infant 319:324 arg1 GIT 326:328 the infant GIT 315:328 the infant GIT 315:328 The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. 27067267 1 60 theme metabolic 215:223 arg1 diseases 225:232 metabolic diseases 215:232 metabolic diseases 215:232 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 3 61 theme female 515:520 arg1 mice 522:525 female mice 515:525 female mice 515:525 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 9 62 from abundance 1345:1353 arg1 colon 1397:1401 the colon 1393:1401 the colon 1393:1401 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 1 63 theme GIT 140:142 arg1 microbiota 145:154 the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota 118:154 the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota 118:154 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27067267 3 64 theme milk 461:464 arg1 CMO 484:486 CMO 484:486 CMO 484:486 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 64 theme milk 461:464 arg1 oligosaccharides 466:481 prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides 443:481 prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) 443:487 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 0 65 theme mice 77:80 arg1 offspring 82:90 mice offspring 77:90 mice offspring 77:90 Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring. 27067267 9 66 theme acid 1385:1388 arg1 abundance 1345:1353 the relative abundance 1332:1353 the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon 1332:1401 CONCLUSION Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. 27067267 3 67 from effects 408:414 arg1 intestine 502:510 the large intestine 492:510 the large intestine of female mice 492:525 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 67 from effects 408:414 arg1 development 562:572 offspring's development 550:572 offspring's development 550:572 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 3 67 from effects 408:414 arg1 composition 533:543 milk composition 528:543 milk composition 528:543 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 4 68 theme CMO 640:642 arg1 diet 644:647 CMO diet 640:647 CMO diet 640:647 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. 27067267 3 69 theme prenatal 419:426 arg1 consumption 428:438 prenatal consumption 419:438 prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) 419:487 Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. 27067267 4 70 theme RESULTS 587:593 arg1 mice 603:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice 575:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice 575:606 METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. 27067267 6 71 theme increased 830:838 arg1 length 846:851 increased colon length 830:851 increased colon length 830:851 CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. 27067267 7 72 theme control-fed 1075:1085 arg1 dams 1087:1090 control-fed dams 1075:1090 control-fed dams 1075:1090 At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. 27067267 1 73 theme microbiota 145:154 arg1 composition 103:113 The composition 99:113 The composition 99:113 SCOPE The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. 27743533 3 0 theme corn 338:341 arg1 stover 343:348 corn stover 338:348 corn stover 338:348 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 5 1 theme simple 802:807 arg1 alkalinity 781:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 1 theme simple 802:807 arg1 function 809:816 a simple function 800:816 a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content 800:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 1 2 theme interactions 173:184 arg1 understanding 130:142 understanding 130:142 understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions 130:184 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis has hindered understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions. 27743533 4 3 theme total 604:608 arg1 alkalinity 618:627 total biochar alkalinity 604:627 total biochar alkalinity 604:627 All four categories of biochar alkalinity contributed to total biochar alkalinity and are therefore relevant to pH-sensitive soil processes. 27743533 3 4 theme stover 343:348 arg1 feedstocks 359:368 cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 327:368 cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 327:368 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 6 5 theme soluble 939:945 arg1 alkalis 955:961 soluble biochar alkalis 939:961 soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates 939:983 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 5 6 theme Total 688:692 arg1 alkalinity 702:711 Total biochar alkalinity 688:711 Total biochar alkalinity 688:711 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 3 7 theme 0-0.26 meq g-1 517:530 arg1 alkalinities 533:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 6 8 theme production 1041:1050 arg1 parameters 1052:1061 biochar production parameters 1033:1061 biochar production parameters 1033:1061 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 3 9 theme significant 374:384 arg1 0.03-0.34 meq g-1 414:430 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 5 10 theme biochar 694:700 arg1 alkalinity 702:711 Total biochar alkalinity 688:711 Total biochar alkalinity 688:711 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 6 11 theme biochar 1033:1039 arg1 parameters 1052:1061 biochar production parameters 1033:1061 biochar production parameters 1033:1061 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 3 12 theme low-pKa 386:392 arg1 0.03-0.34 meq g-1 414:430 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 1 13 theme knowledge 67:75 arg1 Lack 59:62 Lack 59:62 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis 59:115 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis has hindered understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions. 27743533 4 14 theme biochar 610:616 arg1 alkalinity 618:627 total biochar alkalinity 604:627 total biochar alkalinity 604:627 All four categories of biochar alkalinity contributed to total biochar alkalinity and are therefore relevant to pH-sensitive soil processes. 27743533 5 15 theme matter 883:888 arg1 content 890:896 volatile matter content 874:896 volatile matter content 874:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 6 16 theme biochar 1086:1092 arg1 alkalis 1094:1100 biochar alkalis 1086:1100 biochar alkalis 1086:1100 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 5 17 theme content 890:896 arg1 alkalinity 781:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 17 theme content 890:896 arg1 function 809:816 a simple function 800:816 a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content 800:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 18 theme soluble 844:850 arg1 ash 852:854 soluble ash 844:854 soluble ash 844:854 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 19 theme ash 852:854 arg1 alkalinity 781:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 19 theme ash 852:854 arg1 function 809:816 a simple function 800:816 a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content 800:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 4 20 theme biochar 570:576 arg1 alkalinity 578:587 biochar alkalinity 570:587 biochar alkalinity 570:587 All four categories of biochar alkalinity contributed to total biochar alkalinity and are therefore relevant to pH-sensitive soil processes. 27743533 3 21 theme organic 394:400 arg1 0.03-0.34 meq g-1 414:430 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 6 22 theme predictive 1002:1011 arg1 relationships 1013:1025 predictive relationships 1002:1025 predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis 1002:1100 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 5 23 theme base 742:745 arg1 concentration 754:766 base cation concentration 742:766 base cation concentration 742:766 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 1 24 theme biochar 101:107 arg1 alkalis 109:115 biochar alkalis 101:115 biochar alkalis 101:115 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis has hindered understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions. 27743533 4 25 theme pH-sensitive 659:670 arg1 processes 677:685 pH-sensitive soil processes 659:685 pH-sensitive soil processes 659:685 All four categories of biochar alkalinity contributed to total biochar alkalinity and are therefore relevant to pH-sensitive soil processes. 27743533 3 26 theme structural 402:411 arg1 0.03-0.34 meq g-1 414:430 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 5 27 theme cation 747:752 arg1 concentration 754:766 base cation concentration 742:766 base cation concentration 742:766 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 1 28 theme alkalis 109:115 arg1 nature 91:96 the nature 87:96 the nature of biochar alkalis 87:115 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis has hindered understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions. 27743533 6 29 theme biochar 947:953 arg1 alkalis 955:961 soluble biochar alkalis 939:961 soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates 939:983 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 0 30 theme alkalinity 47:56 arg1 quantification 21:34 quantification 21:34 quantification 21:34 Characterization and quantification of biochar alkalinity. 27743533 0 30 theme alkalinity 47:56 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and quantification of biochar alkalinity. 27743533 4 31 theme alkalinity 578:587 arg1 categories 556:565 All four categories 547:565 All four categories of biochar alkalinity 547:587 All four categories of biochar alkalinity contributed to total biochar alkalinity and are therefore relevant to pH-sensitive soil processes. 27743533 6 32 dep other 963:967 arg1 than 969:972 than 969:972 than 969:972 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 2 33 theme cohesive 254:261 arg1 suite 263:267 a cohesive suite 252:267 a cohesive suite of methods for its quantification 252:301 Here we investigate the nature of biochar alkalinity and present a cohesive suite of methods for its quantification. 27743533 6 34 theme alkalis 1094:1100 arg1 parameters 1052:1061 biochar production parameters 1033:1061 biochar production parameters 1033:1061 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 6 34 theme alkalis 1094:1100 arg1 composition 1071:1081 the composition 1067:1081 the composition of biochar alkalis 1067:1100 More research is needed to characterize soluble biochar alkalis other than carbonates and to establish predictive relationships among biochar production parameters and the composition of biochar alkalis. 27743533 0 35 theme biochar 39:45 arg1 alkalinity 47:56 biochar alkalinity 39:56 biochar alkalinity 39:56 Characterization and quantification of biochar alkalinity. 27743533 5 36 theme elemental 821:829 arg1 composition 831:841 elemental composition 821:841 elemental composition 821:841 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg2 organic 440:446 organic 440:446 organic 440:446 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg2 carbonate 466:474 carbonate 466:474 carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1) 466:493 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg2 0.02-1.5 meq g-1 477:492 0.02-1.5 meq g-1 477:492 0.02-1.5 meq g-1 477:492 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg2 alkalinities 533:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg1 Biochars 304:311 Biochars 304:311 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 304:368 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg2 0.03-0.34 meq g-1 414:430 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1) 374:431 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 37 contain had 370:372 arg2 0-0.92 meq g-1 449:462 0-0.92 meq g-1 449:462 0-0.92 meq g-1 449:462 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 4 38 theme soil 672:675 arg1 processes 677:685 pH-sensitive soil processes 659:685 pH-sensitive soil processes 659:685 All four categories of biochar alkalinity contributed to total biochar alkalinity and are therefore relevant to pH-sensitive soil processes. 27743533 5 39 theme composition 831:841 arg1 alkalinity 781:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 39 theme composition 831:841 arg1 function 809:816 a simple function 800:816 a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content 800:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 3 40 theme cellulose 327:335 arg1 feedstocks 359:368 cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 327:368 cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 327:368 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 3 41 theme other 500:504 arg1 alkalinities 533:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 2 42 theme alkalinity 229:238 arg1 nature 211:216 the nature 207:216 the nature of biochar alkalinity 207:238 Here we investigate the nature of biochar alkalinity and present a cohesive suite of methods for its quantification. 27743533 3 43 theme inorganic 506:514 arg1 alkalinities 533:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities 500:544 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 2 44 theme biochar 221:227 arg1 alkalinity 229:238 biochar alkalinity 221:238 biochar alkalinity 221:238 Here we investigate the nature of biochar alkalinity and present a cohesive suite of methods for its quantification. 27743533 2 45 theme methods 272:278 arg1 suite 263:267 a cohesive suite 252:267 a cohesive suite of methods for its quantification 252:301 Here we investigate the nature of biochar alkalinity and present a cohesive suite of methods for its quantification. 27743533 5 46 theme volatile 874:881 arg1 content 890:896 volatile matter content 874:896 volatile matter content 874:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 47 theme carbon 863:868 arg1 alkalinity 781:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 47 theme carbon 863:868 arg1 function 809:816 a simple function 800:816 a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content 800:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 1 48 theme pH-sensitive 147:158 arg1 interactions 173:184 pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions 147:184 pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions 147:184 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis has hindered understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions. 27743533 3 49 theme wood 354:357 arg1 feedstocks 359:368 cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 327:368 cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks 327:368 Biochars produced from cellulose, corn stover and wood feedstocks had significant low-pKa organic structural (0.03-0.34 meq g-1), other organic (0-0.92 meq g-1), carbonate (0.02-1.5 meq g-1), and other inorganic (0-0.26 meq g-1) alkalinities. 27743533 5 50 theme fixed 857:861 arg1 carbon 863:868 fixed carbon 857:868 fixed carbon 857:868 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 1 51 theme biochar-soil 160:171 arg1 interactions 173:184 pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions 147:184 pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions 147:184 Lack of knowledge regarding the nature of biochar alkalis has hindered understanding of pH-sensitive biochar-soil interactions. 27743533 5 52 theme biochar 773:779 arg1 alkalinity 781:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 biochar alkalinity 773:790 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 27743533 5 52 theme biochar 773:779 arg1 function 809:816 a simple function 800:816 a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content 800:896 Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration, but biochar alkalinity was not a simple function of elemental composition, soluble ash, fixed carbon, or volatile matter content. 24492119 0 0 theme denture 75:81 arg1 strength 41:48 adhesive strength 32:48 adhesive strength 32:48 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 0 0 theme denture 75:81 arg1 viscosity 62:70 initial viscosity 54:70 initial viscosity 54:70 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 1 1 theme initial 142:148 arg1 viscosity 150:158 initial viscosity 142:158 initial viscosity 142:158 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 9 2 theme denture 870:876 arg1 adhesives 878:886 denture adhesives 870:886 denture adhesives 870:886 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 8 3 theme Group 743:747 arg1 strength 731:738 The adhesive strength 718:738 The adhesive strength of Group 3 718:749 The adhesive strength of Group 3 varied greatly. 24492119 9 4 theme adhesives 878:886 arg1 viscosity 835:843 initial viscosity 827:843 initial viscosity 827:843 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 9 4 theme adhesives 878:886 arg1 strength 858:865 adhesive strength 849:865 adhesive strength 849:865 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 0 5 from Influence 0:8 arg1 strength 41:48 adhesive strength 32:48 adhesive strength 32:48 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 0 5 from Influence 0:8 arg1 viscosity 62:70 initial viscosity 54:70 initial viscosity 54:70 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 2 6 theme maleic 284:289 arg1 anhydride 291:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride 267:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] 267:318 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 6 theme maleic 284:289 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 7 7 theme Group 682:686 arg1 strength 670:677 The adhesive strength 657:677 The adhesive strength of Group 1 657:688 The adhesive strength of Group 1 lasted longer than Group 2. 24492119 2 8 theme ethylene 275:282 arg1 anhydride 291:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride 267:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] 267:318 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 8 theme ethylene 275:282 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 4 9 contain contained 452:460 arg2 CMC 467:469 only CMC 462:469 only CMC 462:469 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 4 9 contain contained 452:460 arg1 Group 444:448 Group 2 444:450 Group 2 444:450 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 2 10 dep copolymer 301:309 arg1 [PVM-MA 311:317 [PVM-MA 311:317 [PVM-MA 311:317 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 9 11 theme CMC 780:782 arg1 ratio 771:775 The ratio 767:775 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA 767:793 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 2 12 theme methoxy 267:273 arg1 anhydride 291:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride 267:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] 267:318 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 12 theme methoxy 267:273 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 1 13 theme adhesive 164:171 arg1 strength 173:180 adhesive strength 164:180 adhesive strength 164:180 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 9 14 theme PVM-MA 788:793 arg1 ratio 771:775 The ratio 767:775 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA 767:793 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 5 15 theme adhesive 536:543 arg1 strength 545:552 adhesive strength 536:552 adhesive strength 536:552 The initial viscosity and adhesive strength were measured. 24492119 2 16 dep polymers 257:264 arg1 anhydride 291:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride 267:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] 267:318 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 16 dep polymers 257:264 arg1 [CMC 355:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 16 dep polymers 257:264 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 1 17 dep viscosity 150:158 arg1 the 138:140 the 138:140 the 138:140 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 1 18 from effect 113:118 arg1 strength 173:180 adhesive strength 164:180 adhesive strength 164:180 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 1 18 from effect 113:118 arg1 viscosity 150:158 initial viscosity 142:158 initial viscosity 142:158 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 1 19 theme denture 190:196 arg1 adhesives 198:206 denture adhesives 190:206 denture adhesives 190:206 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 0 20 theme composition 13:23 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture 0:81 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 4 21 contain contained 484:492 arg2 CMC 505:507 CMC 505:507 CMC 505:507 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 4 21 contain contained 484:492 arg1 Group 476:480 Group 3 476:482 Group 3 476:482 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 4 21 contain contained 484:492 arg2 PVM-MA 494:499 PVM-MA 494:499 PVM-MA 494:499 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 10 22 theme denture 960:966 arg1 durability 944:953 the durability 940:953 the durability of a denture adhesive 940:975 Our results suggest that it is possible to improve the durability of a denture adhesive by combining different water-soluble polymers. 24492119 0 23 theme adhesive 32:39 arg1 strength 41:48 adhesive strength 32:48 adhesive strength 32:48 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 2 24 dep anhydride 291:299 arg1 copolymer 301:309 copolymer 301:309 copolymer 301:309 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 4 25 theme only 431:434 arg1 PVM-MA 436:441 only PVM-MA 431:441 only PVM-MA 431:441 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 6 26 theme PVM-MA 631:636 arg1 content 638:644 PVM-MA content 631:644 PVM-MA content 631:644 For Group 1, the initial viscosity increased significantly as PVM-MA content increased. 24492119 0 27 dep strength 41:48 arg1 the 28:30 the 28:30 the 28:30 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 9 28 theme significant 801:811 arg1 effect 813:818 a significant effect 799:818 a significant effect 799:818 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 9 29 dep viscosity 835:843 arg1 the 823:825 the 823:825 the 823:825 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 7 30 theme adhesive 661:668 arg1 strength 670:677 The adhesive strength 657:677 The adhesive strength of Group 1 657:688 The adhesive strength of Group 1 lasted longer than Group 2. 24492119 2 31 theme cellulose 345:353 arg1 [CMC 355:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 31 theme cellulose 345:353 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 10 32 theme water-soluble 1000:1012 arg1 polymers 1014:1021 different water-soluble polymers 990:1021 different water-soluble polymers 990:1021 Our results suggest that it is possible to improve the durability of a denture adhesive by combining different water-soluble polymers. 24492119 9 33 theme initial 827:833 arg1 viscosity 835:843 initial viscosity 827:843 initial viscosity 827:843 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 10 34 theme different 990:998 arg1 polymers 1014:1021 different water-soluble polymers 990:1021 different water-soluble polymers 990:1021 Our results suggest that it is possible to improve the durability of a denture adhesive by combining different water-soluble polymers. 24492119 5 35 theme initial 514:520 arg1 viscosity 522:530 initial viscosity 514:530 initial viscosity 514:530 The initial viscosity and adhesive strength were measured. 24492119 2 36 theme carboxymethyl 331:343 arg1 [CMC 355:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 36 theme carboxymethyl 331:343 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 37 theme polymers 257:264 arg1 types 234:238 Two types 230:238 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 230:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 38 theme sodium 324:329 arg1 [CMC 355:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 38 theme sodium 324:329 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 1 39 theme denture 216:222 arg1 base 224:227 the denture base 212:227 the denture base 212:227 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 2 40 theme water-soluble 243:255 arg1 anhydride 291:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride 267:299 methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] 267:318 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 40 theme water-soluble 243:255 arg1 [CMC 355:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC 324:358 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 40 theme water-soluble 243:255 arg1 polymers 257:264 water-soluble polymers 243:264 water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 243:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 2 41 used used 367:370 arg2 types 234:238 Two types 230:238 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) 230:360 Two types of water-soluble polymers (methoxy ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer [PVM-MA] and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) were used. 24492119 1 42 theme composition 123:133 arg1 effect 113:118 the effect 109:118 the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base 109:227 To investigate the effect of composition on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength between denture adhesives and the denture base. 24492119 9 43 theme adhesive 849:856 arg1 strength 858:865 adhesive strength 849:865 adhesive strength 849:865 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 10 44 theme adhesive 968:975 arg1 denture 960:966 a denture adhesive 958:975 a denture adhesive 958:975 Our results suggest that it is possible to improve the durability of a denture adhesive by combining different water-soluble polymers. 24492119 9 45 contain has 795:797 arg1 ratio 771:775 The ratio 767:775 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA 767:793 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 9 45 contain has 795:797 arg2 effect 813:818 a significant effect 799:818 a significant effect 799:818 The ratio of CMC and PVM-MA has a significant effect on the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of denture adhesives. 24492119 4 46 contain contained 421:429 arg2 PVM-MA 436:441 only PVM-MA 431:441 only PVM-MA 431:441 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 4 46 contain contained 421:429 arg1 Group 413:417 Group 1 413:419 Group 1 413:419 Group 1 contained only PVM-MA; Group 2 contained only CMC; and Group 3 contained PVM-MA and CMC. 24492119 0 47 theme initial 54:60 arg1 viscosity 62:70 initial viscosity 54:70 initial viscosity 54:70 Influence of composition on the adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives. 24492119 8 48 theme adhesive 722:729 arg1 strength 731:738 The adhesive strength 718:738 The adhesive strength of Group 3 718:749 The adhesive strength of Group 3 varied greatly. 24492119 6 49 theme initial 586:592 arg1 viscosity 594:602 the initial viscosity 582:602 the initial viscosity 582:602 For Group 1, the initial viscosity increased significantly as PVM-MA content increased. 24444966 2 0 theme starch 384:389 arg1 damage 391:396 starch damage 384:396 starch damage 384:396 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 1 1 theme velvet 280:285 arg1 bean 287:290 velvet bean 280:290 velvet bean 280:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 2 from properties 201:210 arg1 bean 287:290 velvet bean 280:290 velvet bean 280:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 2 from properties 201:210 arg1 bean 236:239 lablab bean 229:239 lablab bean 229:239 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 2 from properties 201:210 arg1 bean 247:250 navy bean 242:250 navy bean 242:250 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 2 from properties 201:210 arg1 bean 258:261 rice bean 253:261 rice bean 253:261 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 2 from properties 201:210 arg1 bean 271:274 tepary bean 264:274 tepary bean 264:274 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 4 3 theme enzyme 785:790 arg1 hydrolysis 792:801 enzyme hydrolysis 785:801 enzyme hydrolysis 785:801 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 0 4 theme bean 76:79 arg1 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 4 theme bean 76:79 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 4 theme bean 76:79 arg1 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 4 theme bean 76:79 arg1 properties 55:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 1 5 from bean 271:274 arg1 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 5 from bean 271:274 arg1 starches 215:222 starches 215:222 starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean 215:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 5 from bean 271:274 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 5 from bean 271:274 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 5 from bean 271:274 arg1 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 3 6 theme length 515:520 arg1 distribution 522:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 Difference in amylopectin chain length distribution amongst the starches was marginal. 24444966 1 7 theme lablab 229:234 arg1 bean 236:239 lablab bean 229:239 lablab bean 229:239 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 0 8 theme bean 87:90 arg1 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 8 theme bean 87:90 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 8 theme bean 87:90 arg1 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 8 theme bean 87:90 arg1 properties 55:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 5 9 theme amorphous 1032:1040 arg1 domains 1058:1064 the amorphous and crystalline domains 1028:1064 domains 1058:1064 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 1 10 from bean 258:261 arg1 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 10 from bean 258:261 arg1 starches 215:222 starches 215:222 starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean 215:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 10 from bean 258:261 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 10 from bean 258:261 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 10 from bean 258:261 arg1 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 5 11 theme AM 926:927 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 11 theme AM 926:927 arg1 content 929:935 AM content 926:935 AM content 926:935 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 12 theme molecular 861:869 arg1 morphology 946:955 granule morphology 938:955 granule morphology 938:955 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 12 theme molecular 861:869 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 12 theme molecular 861:869 arg1 crystallinity 911:923 relative crystallinity 902:923 relative crystallinity 902:923 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 12 theme molecular 861:869 arg1 content 929:935 AM content 926:935 AM content 926:935 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 12 theme molecular 861:869 arg1 extent 965:970 the extent 961:970 the extent 961:970 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 12 theme molecular 861:869 arg1 content 893:899 double helical content 878:899 double helical content 878:899 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 13 theme interaction 975:985 arg1 morphology 946:955 granule morphology 938:955 granule morphology 938:955 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 13 theme interaction 975:985 arg1 extent 965:970 the extent 961:970 the extent 961:970 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 13 theme interaction 975:985 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 0 14 theme navy 82:85 arg1 bean 87:90 navy bean 82:90 navy bean 82:90 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 4 15 theme thermal 763:769 arg1 stability 771:779 thermal stability 763:779 thermal stability 763:779 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 2 16 from % 449:449 arg1 % 425:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 0 17 theme rice 93:96 arg1 bean 98:101 rice bean 93:101 rice bean 93:101 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 2 18 from amylose 367:373 arg1 basis 337:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 3 19 from Difference 483:492 arg1 distribution 522:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 Difference in amylopectin chain length distribution amongst the starches was marginal. 24444966 2 20 theme whole 326:330 arg1 basis 337:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 4 21 theme swelling 733:740 arg1 factor 742:747 swelling factor 733:747 swelling factor 733:747 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 4 22 theme molecular 659:667 arg1 orientation 669:679 molecular orientation 659:679 molecular orientation 659:679 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 2 23 theme apparent 358:365 arg1 AM 376:377 AM 376:377 AM 376:377 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 2 23 theme apparent 358:365 arg1 amylose 367:373 apparent amylose 358:373 apparent amylose (AM) 358:378 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 5 24 theme starch 1007:1012 arg1 chains 1014:1019 starch chains 1007:1019 starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains 1007:1064 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 4 25 theme AM 750:751 arg1 leaching 753:760 AM leaching 750:760 AM leaching 750:760 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 2 26 from % 466:466 arg1 % 425:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 1 27 theme navy 242:245 arg1 bean 247:250 navy bean 242:250 navy bean 242:250 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 28 from bean 247:250 arg1 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 28 from bean 247:250 arg1 starches 215:222 starches 215:222 starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean 215:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 28 from bean 247:250 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 28 from bean 247:250 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 28 from bean 247:250 arg1 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 2 29 from yield 314:318 arg1 basis 337:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 4 30 theme granule 622:628 arg1 morphology 630:639 granule morphology 622:639 granule morphology 622:639 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 5 31 theme double 878:883 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 31 theme double 878:883 arg1 content 893:899 double helical content 878:899 double helical content 878:899 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 32 theme thermal 1078:1084 arg1 properties 1117:1126 thermal, rheological and digestibility properties 1078:1126 thermal, rheological and digestibility properties 1078:1126 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 1 33 from bean 236:239 arg1 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 33 from bean 236:239 arg1 starches 215:222 starches 215:222 starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean 215:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 33 from bean 236:239 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 33 from bean 236:239 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 33 from bean 236:239 arg1 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 4 34 theme molecular 642:650 arg1 order 652:656 molecular order 642:656 molecular order 642:656 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 4 35 theme gelatinization 706:719 arg1 parameters 721:730 gelatinization parameters 706:730 gelatinization parameters 706:730 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 2 36 theme total 345:349 arg1 lipid 351:355 total lipid 345:355 total lipid 345:355 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 0 37 theme bean 98:101 arg1 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 37 theme bean 98:101 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 37 theme bean 98:101 arg1 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 37 theme bean 98:101 arg1 properties 55:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 5 38 theme rheological 1087:1097 arg1 properties 1117:1126 thermal, rheological and digestibility properties 1078:1126 thermal, rheological and digestibility properties 1078:1126 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 1 39 from bean 287:290 arg1 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 39 from bean 287:290 arg1 starches 215:222 starches 215:222 starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean 215:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 39 from bean 287:290 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 39 from bean 287:290 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 39 from bean 287:290 arg1 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 40 theme rice 253:256 arg1 bean 258:261 rice bean 253:261 rice bean 253:261 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 0 41 theme bean 111:114 arg1 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 41 theme bean 111:114 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 41 theme bean 111:114 arg1 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 41 theme bean 111:114 arg1 properties 55:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 1 42 dep composition 146:156 arg1 The 142:144 The 142:144 The 142:144 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 5 43 theme digestibility 1103:1115 arg1 properties 1117:1126 thermal, rheological and digestibility properties 1078:1126 thermal, rheological and digestibility properties 1078:1126 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 0 44 theme tepary 104:109 arg1 bean 111:114 tepary bean 104:114 tepary bean 104:114 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 3 45 theme chain 509:513 arg1 distribution 522:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 Difference in amylopectin chain length distribution amongst the starches was marginal. 24444966 1 46 from structure 171:179 arg1 bean 287:290 velvet bean 280:290 velvet bean 280:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 46 from structure 171:179 arg1 bean 236:239 lablab bean 229:239 lablab bean 229:239 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 46 from structure 171:179 arg1 bean 247:250 navy bean 242:250 navy bean 242:250 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 46 from structure 171:179 arg1 bean 258:261 rice bean 253:261 rice bean 253:261 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 46 from structure 171:179 arg1 bean 271:274 tepary bean 264:274 tepary bean 264:274 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 2 47 theme seed 332:335 arg1 basis 337:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 5 48 theme crystalline 1046:1056 arg1 domains 1058:1064 the amorphous and crystalline domains 1028:1064 domains 1058:1064 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 0 49 theme velvet 120:125 arg1 starches 132:139 velvet bean starches 120:139 velvet bean starches 120:139 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 2 50 from damage 391:396 arg1 basis 337:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 2 51 theme range 410:414 arg1 % 425:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 0 52 theme physicochemical 39:53 arg1 properties 55:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 1 53 theme tepary 264:269 arg1 bean 271:274 tepary bean 264:274 tepary bean 264:274 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 54 from morphology 159:168 arg1 bean 287:290 velvet bean 280:290 velvet bean 280:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 54 from morphology 159:168 arg1 bean 236:239 lablab bean 229:239 lablab bean 229:239 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 54 from morphology 159:168 arg1 bean 247:250 navy bean 242:250 navy bean 242:250 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 54 from morphology 159:168 arg1 bean 258:261 rice bean 253:261 rice bean 253:261 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 54 from morphology 159:168 arg1 bean 271:274 tepary bean 264:274 tepary bean 264:274 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 5 55 from differences 846:856 arg1 morphology 946:955 granule morphology 938:955 granule morphology 938:955 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 55 from differences 846:856 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 55 from differences 846:856 arg1 crystallinity 911:923 relative crystallinity 902:923 relative crystallinity 902:923 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 55 from differences 846:856 arg1 content 929:935 AM content 926:935 AM content 926:935 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 55 from differences 846:856 arg1 extent 965:970 the extent 961:970 the extent 961:970 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 55 from differences 846:856 arg1 content 893:899 double helical content 878:899 double helical content 878:899 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 56 theme relative 902:909 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 56 theme relative 902:909 arg1 crystallinity 911:923 relative crystallinity 902:923 relative crystallinity 902:923 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 0 57 theme starches 132:139 arg1 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 structure 13:21 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 57 theme starches 132:139 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 57 theme starches 132:139 arg1 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 morphology 24:33 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 0 57 theme starches 132:139 arg1 properties 55:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 physicochemical properties 39:64 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 5 58 theme granule 938:944 arg1 morphology 946:955 granule morphology 938:955 granule morphology 938:955 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 58 theme granule 938:944 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 4 59 theme double 682:687 arg1 content 697:703 double helical content 682:703 double helical content 682:703 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 1 60 theme physicochemical 185:199 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 0 61 theme bean 127:130 arg1 starches 132:139 velvet bean starches 120:139 velvet bean starches 120:139 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 3 62 theme amylopectin 497:507 arg1 distribution 522:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 amylopectin chain length distribution 497:533 Difference in amylopectin chain length distribution amongst the starches was marginal. 24444966 1 63 from composition 146:156 arg1 bean 287:290 velvet bean 280:290 velvet bean 280:290 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 63 from composition 146:156 arg1 bean 236:239 lablab bean 229:239 lablab bean 229:239 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 63 from composition 146:156 arg1 bean 247:250 navy bean 242:250 navy bean 242:250 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 63 from composition 146:156 arg1 bean 258:261 rice bean 253:261 rice bean 253:261 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 63 from composition 146:156 arg1 bean 271:274 tepary bean 264:274 tepary bean 264:274 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 0 64 theme lablab 69:74 arg1 bean 76:79 lablab bean 69:79 lablab bean 69:79 Composition, structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean starches. 24444966 2 65 from % 437:437 arg1 % 425:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 the range 20.6-29.9% 406:425 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 5 66 theme helical 885:891 arg1 order 871:875 molecular order 861:875 molecular order 861:875 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 5 66 theme helical 885:891 arg1 content 893:899 double helical content 878:899 double helical content 878:899 The results showed that interplay amongst differences in molecular order, double helical content, relative crystallinity, AM content, granule morphology and the extent of interaction between and amongst starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, influenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. 24444966 2 67 from lipid 351:355 arg1 basis 337:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 a whole seed basis 324:341 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 4 68 theme helical 689:695 arg1 content 697:703 double helical content 682:703 double helical content 682:703 The starches differed significantly with respect to granule morphology, molecular order, molecular orientation, double helical content, gelatinization parameters, swelling factor, AM leaching, thermal stability and enzyme hydrolysis. 24444966 2 69 theme Starch 307:312 arg1 yield 314:318 Starch yield 307:318 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis) 307:342 Starch yield (on a whole seed basis), total lipid, apparent amylose (AM) and starch damage were in the range 20.6-29.9%, 0.48-0.62%, 22.1-32.1% and 0.004-0.011%, respectively. 24444966 1 70 theme starches 215:222 arg1 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 composition 146:156 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 70 theme starches 215:222 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 70 theme starches 215:222 arg1 properties 201:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 physicochemical properties 185:210 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 24444966 1 70 theme starches 215:222 arg1 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 morphology 159:168 The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of starches from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean were examined. 29169786 7 0 theme reported 1340:1347 arg1 communities 1372:1382 previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities 1329:1382 previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities 1329:1382 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 4 1 theme Proteobacteria 645:658 arg1 abundance 620:628 increasing abundance 609:628 increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria 609:658 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 7 2 theme high 1200:1203 arg1 abundance 1205:1213 relatively high abundance 1189:1213 relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1189:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 2 3 theme cellulosic 286:295 arg1 wastes 297:302 cellulosic wastes 286:302 cellulosic wastes 286:302 However, the conversion efficiency is limited by the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes. 29169786 9 4 theme energy 1755:1760 arg1 grass 1762:1766 energy grass 1755:1766 energy grass 1755:1766 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 7 5 theme consortium 1158:1167 arg1 metagenome 1169:1178 the consortium metagenome 1154:1178 the consortium metagenome 1154:1178 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 4 6 theme cycle 693:697 arg1 middle 677:682 the middle 673:682 the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 673:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 7 7 theme shotgun 1132:1138 arg1 sequencing 1140:1149 Direct shotgun sequencing 1125:1149 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome 1125:1178 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 1 8 theme promising 127:135 arg1 substrate 137:145 a promising substrate 125:145 a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion 125:193 Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. 29169786 1 8 theme promising 127:135 arg1 grass 116:120 Energy grass 109:120 Energy grass 109:120 Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. 29169786 5 9 theme major 1017:1021 arg1 bacteria 935:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria 913:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter 913:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 9 theme major 1017:1021 arg1 genera 1023:1028 the major genera 1013:1028 the major genera found in Np-LMC 1013:1044 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 9 theme major 1017:1021 arg1 bacteria 989:996 aerobic bacteria 981:996 aerobic bacteria Comamonas 981:1006 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 9 10 from degradation 1798:1808 arg1 industry 1845:1852 bioenergy industry 1835:1852 bioenergy industry 1835:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 8 11 theme carbohydrate 1539:1550 arg1 CE 1563:1564 CE 1563:1564 CE 1563:1564 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 8 11 theme carbohydrate 1539:1550 arg1 esterases 1552:1560 carbohydrate esterases 1539:1560 carbohydrate esterases (CE) 1539:1565 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 3 12 theme active 323:328 arg1 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 3 12 theme active 323:328 arg1 consortium 400:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium 320:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) 320:418 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 4 13 theme cellulose 743:751 arg1 degraders 753:761 the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes 739:790 degraders 753:761 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 0 14 theme metagenomic 85:95 arg1 approaches 97:106 metagenomic approaches 85:106 metagenomic approaches 85:106 Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. 29169786 3 15 theme degrading 380:388 arg1 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 3 15 theme degrading 380:388 arg1 consortium 400:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium 320:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) 320:418 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 4 16 from xylanase 822:829 arg1 supernatant 873:883 the supernatant 869:883 the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 869:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 3 17 theme mesophilic 351:360 arg1 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 3 17 theme mesophilic 351:360 arg1 consortium 400:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium 320:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) 320:418 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 8 18 theme auxiliary 1571:1579 arg1 activities 1581:1590 auxiliary activities 1571:1590 auxiliary activities (AA) 1571:1595 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 8 18 theme auxiliary 1571:1579 arg1 AA 1593:1594 AA 1593:1594 AA 1593:1594 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 4 19 from CMCase 814:819 arg1 supernatant 873:883 the supernatant 869:883 the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 869:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 4 20 dep replaced 727:734 arg1 decreasing 803:812 decreasing 803:812 decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 803:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 3 21 theme compost 448:454 arg1 soil 456:459 forest compost soil 441:459 forest compost soil microbiota 441:470 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 7 22 theme glycosyl 1284:1291 arg1 families 1308:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 1 23 theme Energy 109:114 arg1 substrate 137:145 a promising substrate 125:145 a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion 125:193 Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. 29169786 1 23 theme Energy 109:114 arg1 grass 116:120 Energy grass 109:120 Energy grass 109:120 Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. 29169786 4 24 theme amplicon 588:595 arg1 sequencing 597:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 3 25 dep active 323:328 arg1 stable 344:349 stable 344:349 stable 344:349 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 0 26 theme cellulolytic 20:31 arg1 consortium 43:52 cellulolytic microbial consortium 20:52 cellulolytic microbial consortium 20:52 Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. 29169786 4 27 dep degraders 753:761 arg1 Firmicutes 763:772 Firmicutes 763:772 Firmicutes 763:772 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 3 28 theme successive 475:484 arg1 subcultivation 486:499 successive subcultivation 475:499 successive subcultivation 475:499 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 7 29 theme degrading 1260:1268 arg1 enzymes 1270:1276 various lignocellulose degrading enzymes 1237:1276 various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1237:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 5 30 located found 1030:1034 arg2 genera 1023:1028 the major genera 1013:1028 the major genera found in Np-LMC 1013:1044 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 30 located found 1030:1034 arg2 bacteria 935:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria 913:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter 913:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 30 located found 1030:1034 arg1 Np-LMC 1039:1044 Np-LMC 1039:1044 Np-LMC 1039:1044 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 30 located found 1030:1034 arg2 bacteria 989:996 aerobic bacteria 981:996 aerobic bacteria Comamonas 981:1006 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 0 31 theme consortium 43:52 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium 0:52 Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. 29169786 6 32 theme grass 1118:1122 arg1 degradation 1076:1086 degradation 1076:1086 degradation of the native and delignified grass 1076:1122 The consortium was active on degradation of the native and delignified grass. 29169786 4 33 theme tagged 567:572 arg1 sequencing 597:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 3 34 theme facultative 523:533 arg1 conditions 542:551 facultative anoxic conditions 523:551 facultative anoxic conditions 523:551 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 7 35 theme various 1237:1243 arg1 enzymes 1270:1276 various lignocellulose degrading enzymes 1237:1276 various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1237:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 9 36 from substrates 1821:1830 arg1 industry 1845:1852 bioenergy industry 1835:1852 bioenergy industry 1835:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 8 37 theme enzyme 1627:1632 arg1 systems 1634:1640 the enzyme systems 1623:1640 the enzyme systems 1623:1640 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 2 38 theme conversion 209:218 arg1 efficiency 220:229 the conversion efficiency 205:229 the conversion efficiency 205:229 However, the conversion efficiency is limited by the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes. 29169786 4 39 theme activity 848:855 arg1 profiles 857:864 β-glucanase activity profiles 836:864 β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 836:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 8 40 dep attacking 1423:1431 arg1 dominated 1466:1474 dominated 1466:1474 dominated 1466:1474 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 7 41 theme mammalian 1387:1395 arg1 tracts 1407:1412 mammalian digestive tracts 1387:1412 mammalian digestive tracts 1387:1412 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 8 42 theme native 1649:1654 arg1 substrate 1667:1675 the native herbaceous substrate 1645:1675 the native herbaceous substrate 1645:1675 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 9 43 theme substrates 1821:1830 arg1 degradation 1798:1808 degradation 1798:1808 degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry 1798:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 7 44 theme genes 1218:1222 arg1 abundance 1205:1213 relatively high abundance 1189:1213 relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1189:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 7 45 theme cellulolytic 1349:1360 arg1 communities 1372:1382 previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities 1329:1382 previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities 1329:1382 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 5 46 theme aerobic 981:987 arg1 bacteria 935:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria 913:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter 913:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 46 theme aerobic 981:987 arg1 genera 1023:1028 the major genera 1013:1028 the major genera found in Np-LMC 1013:1044 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 46 theme aerobic 981:987 arg1 bacteria 989:996 aerobic bacteria 981:996 aerobic bacteria Comamonas 981:1006 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 4 47 theme facultative 633:643 arg1 Proteobacteria 645:658 facultative Proteobacteria 633:658 facultative Proteobacteria 633:658 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 2 48 theme wastes 297:302 arg1 nature 276:281 the enzymatically recalcitrant nature 245:281 the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes 245:302 However, the conversion efficiency is limited by the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes. 29169786 1 49 theme anaerobic 175:183 arg1 digestion 185:193 anaerobic digestion 175:193 anaerobic digestion 175:193 Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. 29169786 4 50 theme rRNA 578:581 arg1 sequencing 597:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 4 51 theme gene 583:586 arg1 sequencing 597:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 7 52 theme metagenome 1169:1178 arg1 sequencing 1140:1149 Direct shotgun sequencing 1125:1149 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome 1125:1178 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 4 53 theme incubation 901:910 arg1 days 893:896 5 days 891:896 5 days of incubation 891:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 4 54 theme batch 687:691 arg1 cycle 693:697 batch cycle 687:697 batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 687:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 9 55 theme bioenergy 1835:1843 arg1 industry 1845:1852 bioenergy industry 1835:1852 bioenergy industry 1835:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 7 56 theme Direct 1125:1130 arg1 sequencing 1140:1149 Direct shotgun sequencing 1125:1149 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome 1125:1178 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 6 57 theme delignified 1106:1116 arg1 grass 1118:1122 the native and delignified grass 1091:1122 the native and delignified grass 1091:1122 The consortium was active on degradation of the native and delignified grass. 29169786 8 58 theme esterases 1552:1560 arg1 CE 1563:1564 CE 1563:1564 CE 1563:1564 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 8 58 theme esterases 1552:1560 arg1 variety 1528:1534 a variety 1526:1534 a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) 1526:1565 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 8 58 theme esterases 1552:1560 arg1 esterases 1552:1560 carbohydrate esterases 1539:1560 carbohydrate esterases (CE) 1539:1565 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 2 59 theme recalcitrant 263:274 arg1 nature 276:281 the enzymatically recalcitrant nature 245:281 the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes 245:302 However, the conversion efficiency is limited by the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes. 29169786 4 60 from profiles 857:864 arg1 supernatant 873:883 the supernatant 869:883 the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 869:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 6 61 theme native 1095:1100 arg1 grass 1118:1122 the native and delignified grass 1091:1122 the native and delignified grass 1091:1122 The consortium was active on degradation of the native and delignified grass. 29169786 9 62 theme fibrous 1813:1819 arg1 substrates 1821:1830 fibrous substrates 1813:1830 fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry 1813:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 1 63 theme biogas 165:170 arg1 production 151:160 production 151:160 production of biogas by anaerobic digestion 151:193 Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. 29169786 7 64 theme GH 1304:1305 arg1 families 1308:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 3 65 theme microbial 390:398 arg1 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 3 65 theme microbial 390:398 arg1 consortium 400:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium 320:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) 320:418 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 7 66 from enzymes 1270:1276 arg1 families 1308:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 5 67 theme Anaerobic/facultative 913:933 arg1 bacteria 935:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria 913:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter 913:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 67 theme Anaerobic/facultative 913:933 arg1 Sedimentibacter 961:975 Sedimentibacter 961:975 Sedimentibacter 961:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 67 theme Anaerobic/facultative 913:933 arg1 bacteria 989:996 aerobic bacteria 981:996 aerobic bacteria Comamonas 981:1006 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 67 theme Anaerobic/facultative 913:933 arg1 Dysgonomonas 944:955 Dysgonomonas 944:955 Dysgonomonas 944:955 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 67 theme Anaerobic/facultative 913:933 arg1 genera 1023:1028 the major genera 1013:1028 the major genera found in Np-LMC 1013:1044 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 7 68 theme hydrolase 1293:1301 arg1 families 1308:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1281:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 3 69 theme lignocellulolytic 362:378 arg1 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 Np-LMC 412:417 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 3 69 theme lignocellulolytic 362:378 arg1 consortium 400:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium 320:409 an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) 320:418 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 5 70 dep bacteria 989:996 arg1 Comamonas 998:1006 Comamonas 998:1006 aerobic bacteria Comamonas 981:1006 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 3 71 theme soil 456:459 arg1 microbiota 461:470 forest compost soil microbiota 441:470 forest compost soil microbiota 441:470 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 0 72 theme microbial 33:41 arg1 consortium 43:52 cellulolytic microbial consortium 20:52 cellulolytic microbial consortium 20:52 Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. 29169786 4 73 theme increasing 609:618 arg1 abundance 620:628 increasing abundance 609:628 increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria 609:658 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 3 74 theme Napier 504:509 arg1 grass 511:515 Napier grass 504:515 Napier grass 504:515 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 7 75 theme lignocellulose 1245:1258 arg1 enzymes 1270:1276 various lignocellulose degrading enzymes 1237:1276 various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 1237:1315 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 8 76 dep variety 1528:1534 arg1 addition 1514:1521 addition 1514:1521 addition 1514:1521 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 3 77 theme forest 441:446 arg1 soil 456:459 forest compost soil 441:459 forest compost soil microbiota 441:470 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 4 78 theme 16S 574:576 arg1 sequencing 597:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing 567:606 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 4 79 located found 664:668 arg2 abundance 620:628 increasing abundance 609:628 increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria 609:658 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 4 79 located found 664:668 arg1 middle 677:682 the middle 673:682 the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 673:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 9 80 with grass 1762:1766 arg1 potential 1774:1782 potential 1774:1782 potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry 1774:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 0 81 theme Napier 66:71 arg1 grass 73:77 Napier grass 66:77 Napier grass using metagenomic approaches 66:106 Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. 29169786 9 82 from industry 1845:1852 arg1 degradation 1798:1808 degradation 1798:1808 degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry 1798:1852 The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry. 29169786 7 83 theme digestive 1397:1405 arg1 tracts 1407:1412 mammalian digestive tracts 1387:1412 mammalian digestive tracts 1387:1412 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 8 84 theme systems 1634:1640 arg1 adaptation 1609:1618 adaptation 1609:1618 adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate 1609:1675 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 29169786 5 85 dep bacteria 935:942 arg1 bacteria 935:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria 913:942 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter 913:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 85 dep bacteria 935:942 arg1 Sedimentibacter 961:975 Sedimentibacter 961:975 Sedimentibacter 961:975 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 5 85 dep bacteria 935:942 arg1 Dysgonomonas 944:955 Dysgonomonas 944:955 Dysgonomonas 944:955 Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. 29169786 3 86 theme anoxic 535:540 arg1 conditions 542:551 facultative anoxic conditions 523:551 facultative anoxic conditions 523:551 In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. 29169786 4 87 theme β-glucanase 836:846 arg1 profiles 857:864 β-glucanase activity profiles 836:864 β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation 836:910 According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. 29169786 7 88 theme microbial 1362:1370 arg1 communities 1372:1382 previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities 1329:1382 previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities 1329:1382 Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. 29169786 8 89 theme herbaceous 1656:1665 arg1 substrate 1667:1675 the native herbaceous substrate 1645:1675 the native herbaceous substrate 1645:1675 Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. 28086118 2 0 theme 1mm 546:548 arg1 length 550:555 1mm length 546:555 1mm length 546:555 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 3 1 theme possible 633:640 arg1 interaction 655:665 a possible drug-polymer interaction 631:665 a possible drug-polymer interaction 631:665 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 2 theme force 1197:1201 arg1 AFM 1215:1217 AFM 1215:1217 AFM 1215:1217 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 6 2 theme force 1197:1201 arg1 microscopy 1203:1212 atomic force microscopy 1190:1212 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1190:1218 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 2 3 theme EC 318:319 arg1 N10 321:323 EC N10 and EC P7 grades 318:340 N10 321:323 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 4 4 theme stage 829:833 arg1 HSM 847:849 HSM 847:849 HSM 847:849 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 4 theme stage 829:833 arg1 microscopy 835:844 hot stage microscopy 825:844 hot stage microscopy (HSM) 825:850 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 5 5 from distribution 1073:1084 arg1 matrices 1121:1128 the pellet matrices 1110:1128 the pellet matrices 1110:1128 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 0 6 theme Advanced 0:7 arg1 analysis 26:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis 0:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug 0:67 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets. 28086118 6 7 theme chemical 1150:1157 arg1 analysis 1167:1174 advanced chemical surface analysis 1141:1174 advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1141:1218 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 7 8 theme unstable 1613:1620 arg1 protein 1642:1648 protein 1642:1648 protein 1642:1648 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 7 8 theme unstable 1613:1620 arg1 drug 1622:1625 the unstable drug 1609:1625 the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network 1609:1674 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 4 9 theme X-ray 856:860 arg1 XRPD 882:885 XRPD 882:885 XRPD 882:885 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 9 theme X-ray 856:860 arg1 diffraction 869:879 X-ray powder diffraction 856:879 X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) 856:886 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 6 10 theme phase 1240:1244 arg1 system 1246:1251 a homogenous phase system 1227:1251 a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1227:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 5 11 theme dispersive 997:1006 arg1 X-ray 1008:1012 SEM/energy dispersive X-ray 986:1012 SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets 986:1042 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 5 11 theme dispersive 997:1006 arg1 EDX 1015:1017 EDX 1015:1017 EDX 1015:1017 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 1 12 theme continuous 196:205 arg1 techniques 222:231 continuous melt extrusion techniques 196:231 continuous melt extrusion techniques 196:231 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 2 13 theme continuous 472:481 arg1 mode 483:486 a continuous mode 470:486 a continuous mode of operation 470:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 6 14 theme advanced 1141:1148 arg1 analysis 1167:1174 advanced chemical surface analysis 1141:1174 advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1141:1218 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 2 15 theme Powder 234:239 arg1 blends 241:246 Powder blends 234:246 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier 234:411 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 1 16 theme extrusion 212:220 arg1 techniques 222:231 continuous melt extrusion techniques 196:231 continuous melt extrusion techniques 196:231 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 2 17 theme extruded 516:523 arg1 pellets 535:541 extruded composite pellets 516:541 extruded composite pellets of 1mm length 516:555 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 5 18 theme Surface 963:969 arg1 analysis 971:978 Surface analysis 963:978 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets 963:1042 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 1 19 theme study 118:122 arg1 aim 99:101 The aim 95:101 The aim of the present study 95:122 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 2 20 theme hormone 261:267 arg1 blends 241:246 Powder blends 234:246 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier 234:411 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 3 21 theme modelling 568:576 arg1 study 578:582 Molecular modelling study 558:582 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software 558:620 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 2 22 theme 11mm 442:445 arg1 extruder 458:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder 433:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation 433:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 2 23 from extruder 458:465 arg1 mode 483:486 a continuous mode 470:486 a continuous mode of operation 470:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 5 24 theme pellets 1036:1042 arg1 X-ray 1008:1012 SEM/energy dispersive X-ray 986:1012 SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets 986:1042 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 5 24 theme pellets 1036:1042 arg1 EDX 1015:1017 EDX 1015:1017 EDX 1015:1017 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 7 25 theme medical 1530:1536 arg1 sciences 1538:1545 medical sciences 1530:1545 medical sciences 1530:1545 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 7 26 dep hormone 1633:1639 arg1 e.g. 1628:1631 e.g. 1628:1631 e.g. 1628:1631 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 1 27 theme polymeric 156:164 arg1 pellets 176:182 polymeric composite pellets 156:182 polymeric composite pellets 156:182 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 2 28 theme steroid 253:259 arg1 SH 270:271 SH 270:271 SH 270:271 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 2 28 theme steroid 253:259 arg1 hormone 261:267 a steroid hormone 251:267 a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) 251:390 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 6 29 theme drug 1264:1267 arg1 molecule 1269:1276 the drug molecule 1260:1276 the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1260:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 2 30 theme screw 452:456 arg1 extruder 458:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder 433:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation 433:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 4 31 theme polymer 945:951 arg1 matrices 953:960 the polymer matrices 941:960 the polymer matrices 941:960 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 3 32 from dispersions 707:717 arg1 pellets 738:744 the pellets 734:744 the pellets 734:744 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 33 theme amorphous 1297:1305 arg1 matrices 1307:1314 the amorphous matrices 1293:1314 the amorphous matrices 1293:1314 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 6 34 theme homogenous 1350:1359 arg1 distribution 1379:1390 the homogenous single-phase drug distribution 1346:1390 the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1346:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 5 35 theme C 1093:1093 arg1 atoms 1101:1105 the C and O atoms 1089:1105 atoms 1101:1105 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 0 36 theme chemical 17:24 arg1 analysis 26:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis 0:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug 0:67 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets. 28086118 5 37 theme O 1099:1099 arg1 atoms 1101:1105 the C and O atoms 1089:1105 atoms 1101:1105 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 3 38 theme Gaussian 601:608 arg1 software 613:620 commercial Gaussian 09 software 590:620 commercial Gaussian 09 software 590:620 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 39 theme Raman 1322:1326 arg1 mapping 1328:1334 Raman mapping 1322:1334 Raman mapping 1322:1334 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 5 40 theme homogenous 1062:1071 arg1 distribution 1073:1084 a homogenous distribution 1060:1084 a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices 1060:1128 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 4 41 theme differential 784:795 arg1 DSC 819:821 DSC 819:821 DSC 819:821 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 41 theme differential 784:795 arg1 calorimetry 806:816 a differential scanning calorimetry 782:816 a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 782:822 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 0 42 theme manufactured 51:62 arg1 drug 64:67 continuously manufactured drug 38:67 continuously manufactured drug 38:67 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets. 28086118 2 43 theme polymeric 395:403 arg1 carrier 405:411 polymeric carrier 395:411 polymeric carrier 395:411 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 2 44 theme ethyl 301:305 arg1 cellulose 307:315 ethyl cellulose 301:315 ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) 301:341 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 2 44 theme ethyl 301:305 arg1 HPMC 377:380 HPMC 377:380 HPMC AS grade 377:389 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 4 45 from state 920:924 arg1 matrices 953:960 the polymer matrices 941:960 the polymer matrices 941:960 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 7 46 theme Such 1431:1434 arg1 pellets 1446:1452 Such composite pellets 1431:1452 Such composite pellets 1431:1452 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 2 47 theme EC 329:330 arg1 grades 335:340 EC N10 and EC P7 grades 318:340 grades 335:340 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 6 48 theme manufactured 1399:1410 arg1 pellets 1422:1428 the manufactured composite pellets 1395:1428 the manufactured composite pellets 1395:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 3 49 theme drug-polymer 642:653 arg1 interaction 655:665 a possible drug-polymer interaction 631:665 a possible drug-polymer interaction 631:665 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 50 theme atomic 1190:1195 arg1 AFM 1215:1217 AFM 1215:1217 AFM 1215:1217 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 6 50 theme atomic 1190:1195 arg1 microscopy 1203:1212 atomic force microscopy 1190:1212 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1190:1218 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 6 51 theme drug 1374:1377 arg1 distribution 1379:1390 the homogenous single-phase drug distribution 1346:1390 the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1346:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 5 52 theme pellet 1114:1119 arg1 matrices 1121:1128 the pellet matrices 1110:1128 the pellet matrices 1110:1128 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 2 53 theme composite 525:533 arg1 pellets 535:541 extruded composite pellets 516:541 extruded composite pellets of 1mm length 516:555 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 1 54 theme composite 166:174 arg1 pellets 176:182 polymeric composite pellets 156:182 polymeric composite pellets 156:182 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 4 55 theme drug 933:936 arg1 state 920:924 the amorphous state 906:924 the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices 906:960 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 56 theme scanning 797:804 arg1 DSC 819:821 DSC 819:821 DSC 819:821 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 56 theme scanning 797:804 arg1 calorimetry 806:816 a differential scanning calorimetry 782:816 a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 782:822 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 6 57 contain having 1253:1258 arg2 molecule 1269:1276 the drug molecule 1260:1276 the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1260:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 6 57 contain having 1253:1258 arg1 system 1246:1251 a homogenous phase system 1227:1251 a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1227:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 3 58 theme molecular 674:682 arg1 level 684:688 the molecular level 670:688 the molecular level 670:688 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 59 theme surface 1159:1165 arg1 analysis 1167:1174 advanced chemical surface analysis 1141:1174 advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1141:1218 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 2 60 theme length 550:555 arg1 pellets 535:541 extruded composite pellets 516:541 extruded composite pellets of 1mm length 516:555 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 2 61 theme model 279:283 arg1 drug 285:288 a model drug 277:288 a model drug 277:288 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 3 62 theme solid 701:705 arg1 dispersions 707:717 solid dispersions 701:717 solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets 701:744 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 63 theme homogenous 1229:1238 arg1 system 1246:1251 a homogenous phase system 1227:1251 a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1227:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 1 64 theme melt 207:210 arg1 techniques 222:231 continuous melt extrusion techniques 196:231 continuous melt extrusion techniques 196:231 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 7 65 theme drug 1565:1568 arg1 solubility/dissolutions 1570:1592 drug solubility/dissolutions 1565:1592 drug solubility/dissolutions 1565:1592 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 4 66 theme powder 862:867 arg1 XRPD 882:885 XRPD 882:885 XRPD 882:885 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 66 theme powder 862:867 arg1 diffraction 869:879 X-ray powder diffraction 856:879 X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) 856:886 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 1 67 theme present 110:116 arg1 study 118:122 the present study 106:122 the present study 106:122 The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. 28086118 3 68 theme drug 726:729 arg1 dispersions 707:717 solid dispersions 701:717 solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets 701:744 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 3 69 theme Molecular 558:566 arg1 modelling 568:576 Molecular modelling 558:576 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software 558:620 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 2 70 theme operation 491:499 arg1 mode 483:486 a continuous mode 470:486 a continuous mode of operation 470:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 4 71 theme hot 825:827 arg1 HSM 847:849 HSM 847:849 HSM 847:849 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 4 71 theme hot 825:827 arg1 microscopy 835:844 hot stage microscopy 825:844 hot stage microscopy (HSM) 825:850 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 0 72 theme composite 76:84 arg1 pellets 86:92 composite pellets 76:92 composite pellets 76:92 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets. 28086118 5 73 theme SEM/energy 986:995 arg1 X-ray 1008:1012 SEM/energy dispersive X-ray 986:1012 SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets 986:1042 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 5 73 theme SEM/energy 986:995 arg1 EDX 1015:1017 EDX 1015:1017 EDX 1015:1017 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 2 74 theme Pharma 435:440 arg1 extruder 458:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder 433:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation 433:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 7 75 theme drug 1512:1515 arg1 delivery 1517:1524 drug delivery 1512:1524 drug delivery 1512:1524 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 4 76 theme amorphous 910:918 arg1 state 920:924 the amorphous state 906:924 the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices 906:960 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 7 77 theme composite 1658:1666 arg1 network 1668:1674 the composite network 1654:1674 the composite network 1654:1674 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 2 78 theme twin 447:450 arg1 extruder 458:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder 433:465 a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation 433:499 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 0 79 theme surface 9:15 arg1 analysis 26:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis 0:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug 0:67 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets. 28086118 5 80 theme produced 1027:1034 arg1 pellets 1036:1042 the produced pellets 1023:1042 the produced pellets 1023:1042 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 2 81 theme P7 332:333 arg1 grades 335:340 EC N10 and EC P7 grades 318:340 grades 335:340 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 7 82 from applications 1496:1507 arg1 delivery 1517:1524 drug delivery 1512:1524 drug delivery 1512:1524 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 7 82 from applications 1496:1507 arg1 sciences 1538:1545 medical sciences 1530:1545 medical sciences 1530:1545 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 7 83 from drug 1622:1625 arg1 network 1668:1674 the composite network 1654:1674 the composite network 1654:1674 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 3 84 theme commercial 590:599 arg1 software 613:620 commercial Gaussian 09 software 590:620 commercial Gaussian 09 software 590:620 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 2 85 dep cellulose 307:315 arg1 N10 321:323 EC N10 and EC P7 grades 318:340 N10 321:323 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 2 85 dep cellulose 307:315 arg1 grades 335:340 EC N10 and EC P7 grades 318:340 grades 335:340 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 5 86 theme atoms 1101:1105 arg1 distribution 1073:1084 a homogenous distribution 1060:1084 a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices 1060:1128 Surface analysis using SEM/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the produced pellets arguably showed a homogenous distribution of the C and O atoms in the pellet matrices. 28086118 7 87 theme multidisciplinary 1478:1494 arg1 applications 1496:1507 multidisciplinary applications 1478:1507 multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences 1478:1545 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 2 88 theme hydroxypropyl 346:358 arg1 methylcellulose 360:374 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 346:374 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 346:374 Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. 28086118 0 89 theme drug 64:67 arg1 analysis 26:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis 0:33 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug 0:67 Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets. 28086118 4 90 dep analysis 759:766 arg1 analyses 888:895 analyses 888:895 analyses 888:895 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 6 91 from distribution 1379:1390 arg1 pellets 1422:1428 the manufactured composite pellets 1395:1428 the manufactured composite pellets 1395:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 3 92 theme 09 610:611 arg1 software 613:620 commercial Gaussian 09 software 590:620 commercial Gaussian 09 software 590:620 Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets. 28086118 6 93 theme composite 1412:1420 arg1 pellets 1422:1428 the manufactured composite pellets 1395:1428 the manufactured composite pellets 1395:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 28086118 7 94 theme composite 1436:1444 arg1 pellets 1446:1452 Such composite pellets 1431:1452 Such composite pellets 1431:1452 Such composite pellets are expected to deliver multidisciplinary applications in drug delivery and medical sciences by e.g. modifying drug solubility/dissolutions or stabilizing the unstable drug (e.g. hormone, protein) in the composite network. 28086118 4 95 theme Solid-state 747:757 arg1 analysis 759:766 Solid-state analysis 747:766 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 747:822 Solid-state analysis conducted via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses revealed the amorphous state of the drug in the polymer matrices. 28086118 6 96 theme single-phase 1361:1372 arg1 distribution 1379:1390 the homogenous single-phase drug distribution 1346:1390 the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets 1346:1428 Moreover, advanced chemical surface analysis conducted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a homogenous phase system having the drug molecule dispersed onto the amorphous matrices while Raman mapping confirmed the homogenous single-phase drug distribution in the manufactured composite pellets. 25716023 0 0 theme anti-bacterial 77:90 arg1 matrices 107:114 novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices 71:114 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 0:115 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 8 1 theme Gram-positive 1116:1128 arg1 strains 1158:1164 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1116:1164 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1116:1164 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 5 2 theme saline 654:659 arg1 solution 661:668 phosphate buffer saline solution 637:668 phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4 637:678 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 1 3 theme wound 168:172 arg1 dressings 174:182 highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 136:182 highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 136:182 The development of highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings was carried out. 25716023 7 4 theme lyophilized 852:862 arg1 hydrogels 864:872 The lyophilized hydrogels 848:872 The lyophilized hydrogels 848:872 The lyophilized hydrogels showed a more slow release as compared to nanofibrous mats and films. 25716023 9 5 dep loaded 1259:1264 arg1 cefixime 1250:1257 cefixime 1250:1257 cefixime 1250:1257 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 0 6 theme novel 71:75 arg1 matrices 107:114 novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices 71:114 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 0:115 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 4 7 theme electron 521:528 arg1 microscopy 530:539 scanning electron microscopy 512:539 scanning electron microscopy 512:539 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 9 8 theme loaded 1259:1264 arg1 substrates 1266:1275 various cefixime loaded substrates 1242:1275 various cefixime loaded substrates 1242:1275 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 6 9 theme release 792:798 arg1 profile 800:806 then a sustained release profile 775:806 then a sustained release profile 775:806 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 1 10 theme dressings 174:182 arg1 development 121:131 The development 117:131 The development of highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 117:182 The development of highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings was carried out. 25716023 0 11 theme dressing 98:105 arg1 matrices 107:114 novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices 71:114 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 0:115 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 4 12 theme scanning 512:519 arg1 microscopy 530:539 scanning electron microscopy 512:539 scanning electron microscopy 512:539 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 5 13 theme nanofibrous 607:617 arg1 mats 619:622 nanofibrous mats 607:622 nanofibrous mats 607:622 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 3 14 theme synthesized 370:380 arg1 materials 382:390 the synthesized materials 366:390 the synthesized materials 366:390 The physical/chemical interactions of the synthesized materials were evaluated by FTIR. 25716023 9 15 theme dye 1298:1300 arg1 assay 1309:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 5 16 theme pH 673:674 arg1 solution 661:668 phosphate buffer saline solution 637:668 phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4 637:678 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 6 17 dep in 685:686 arg1 vitro 688:692 vitro 688:692 vitro 688:692 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 9 18 theme cell 1211:1214 arg1 culture 1216:1222 cell culture 1211:1222 cell culture 1211:1222 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 8 19 theme moderate 1090:1097 arg1 activity 1099:1106 good to moderate activity 1082:1106 good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1082:1164 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 9 20 theme uptake 1302:1307 arg1 assay 1309:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 8 21 theme time 1019:1022 arg1 interval 1024:1031 time interval 1019:1031 time interval 1019:1031 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 7 22 theme nanofibrous 916:926 arg1 mats 928:931 nanofibrous mats 916:931 nanofibrous mats 916:931 The lyophilized hydrogels showed a more slow release as compared to nanofibrous mats and films. 25716023 6 23 theme release 699:705 arg1 studies 707:713 The in vitro drug release studies 681:713 The in vitro drug release studies 681:713 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 8 24 theme bacterial 1148:1156 arg1 strains 1158:1164 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1116:1164 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1116:1164 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 6 25 theme h 769:769 arg1 period 757:762 the initial period 745:762 the initial period of 4 h 745:769 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 6 26 theme drug 694:697 arg1 studies 707:713 The in vitro drug release studies 681:713 The in vitro drug release studies 681:713 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 0 27 theme electrospun 15:25 arg1 mats 39:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats 0:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats 0:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 4 28 theme materials 481:489 arg1 size 469:472 pore size 464:472 pore size 464:472 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 4 28 theme materials 481:489 arg1 structure 432:440 structure 432:440 structure 432:440 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 4 28 theme materials 481:489 arg1 diameter 451:458 average diameter 443:458 average diameter 443:458 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 4 28 theme materials 481:489 arg1 morphology 420:429 morphology 420:429 morphology 420:429 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 5 29 theme phosphate 637:645 arg1 solution 661:668 phosphate buffer saline solution 637:668 phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4 637:678 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 5 30 theme swelling 583:590 arg1 degree 573:578 a greater degree 563:578 a greater degree of swelling 563:590 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 0 31 theme Chitosan-based 0:13 arg1 mats 39:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats 0:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats 0:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 5 32 theme buffer 647:652 arg1 solution 661:668 phosphate buffer saline solution 637:668 phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4 637:678 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 7 33 theme slow 888:891 arg1 release 893:899 a more slow release 881:899 a more slow release as compared to nanofibrous mats and films 881:941 The lyophilized hydrogels showed a more slow release as compared to nanofibrous mats and films. 25716023 9 34 theme various 1242:1248 arg1 substrates 1266:1275 various cefixime loaded substrates 1242:1275 various cefixime loaded substrates 1242:1275 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 6 35 theme in 685:686 arg1 studies 707:713 The in vitro drug release studies 681:713 The in vitro drug release studies 681:713 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 3 36 theme materials 382:390 arg1 interactions 350:361 The physical/chemical interactions 328:361 The physical/chemical interactions of the synthesized materials 328:390 The physical/chemical interactions of the synthesized materials were evaluated by FTIR. 25716023 8 37 theme solutions 985:993 arg1 potential 958:966 Antibacterial potential 944:966 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval 944:1031 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 8 38 theme Antibacterial 944:956 arg1 potential 958:966 Antibacterial potential 944:966 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval 944:1031 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 0 39 theme nanofibrous 27:37 arg1 mats 39:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats 0:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats 0:42 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 5 40 from films 628:632 arg1 solution 661:668 phosphate buffer saline solution 637:668 phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4 637:678 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 2 41 theme vinyl 293:297 arg1 poly 288:291 poly 288:291 poly(vinyl alcohol) 288:306 For this purpose nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and films were synthesized from chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol) and hydroxyapatite. 25716023 2 41 theme vinyl 293:297 arg1 alcohol 299:305 vinyl alcohol 293:305 vinyl alcohol 293:305 For this purpose nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and films were synthesized from chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol) and hydroxyapatite. 25716023 5 42 from mats 619:622 arg1 solution 661:668 phosphate buffer saline solution 637:668 phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4 637:678 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 8 43 dep released 976:983 arg1 drug 971:974 drug 971:974 drug 971:974 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 8 44 theme composite 1056:1064 arg1 matrices 1066:1073 all composite matrices 1052:1073 all composite matrices 1052:1073 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 6 45 theme upcoming 833:840 arg1 h 845:845 the next upcoming 20 h 824:845 the next upcoming 20 h 824:845 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 6 46 theme next 828:831 arg1 h 845:845 the next upcoming 20 h 824:845 the next upcoming 20 h 824:845 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 8 47 theme released 976:983 arg1 solutions 985:993 drug released solutions 971:993 drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval 971:1031 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 0 48 theme cast 59:62 arg1 films 64:68 cast films 59:68 cast films 59:68 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 8 49 theme Gram-negative 1134:1146 arg1 strains 1158:1164 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1116:1164 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains 1116:1164 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 4 50 theme pore 464:467 arg1 size 469:472 pore size 464:472 pore size 464:472 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 6 51 theme initial 749:755 arg1 period 757:762 the initial period 745:762 the initial period of 4 h 745:769 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 6 52 located observed 812:819 arg2 profile 800:806 then a sustained release profile 775:806 then a sustained release profile 775:806 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 6 52 located observed 812:819 arg1 h 845:845 the next upcoming 20 h 824:845 the next upcoming 20 h 824:845 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 9 53 theme red 1294:1296 arg1 assay 1309:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 2 54 theme nanofibrous 218:228 arg1 mats 230:233 nanofibrous mats 218:233 this purpose nanofibrous mats 205:233 For this purpose nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and films were synthesized from chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol) and hydroxyapatite. 25716023 5 55 theme greater 565:571 arg1 degree 573:578 a greater degree 563:578 a greater degree of swelling 563:590 The hydrogels showed a greater degree of swelling as compared to nanofibrous mats and films in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4. 25716023 7 56 dep release 893:899 arg1 compared 904:911 compared 904:911 compared to nanofibrous mats and films 904:941 The lyophilized hydrogels showed a more slow release as compared to nanofibrous mats and films. 25716023 0 57 dep mats 39:42 arg1 matrices 107:114 novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices 71:114 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 0:115 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 25716023 6 58 theme sustained 782:790 arg1 profile 800:806 then a sustained release profile 775:806 then a sustained release profile 775:806 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 4 59 theme average 443:449 arg1 diameter 451:458 average diameter 443:458 average diameter 443:458 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 8 60 dep moderate 1090:1097 arg1 to 1087:1088 to 1087:1088 to 1087:1088 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 8 61 theme interval 1024:1031 arg1 h 1014:1014 24 h 1011:1014 24 h of time interval 1011:1031 Antibacterial potential of drug released solutions collected after 24 h of time interval was determined and all composite matrices showed good to moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains respectively. 25716023 6 62 theme burst 724:728 arg1 release 730:736 a burst release 722:736 a burst release 722:736 The in vitro drug release studies showed a burst release during the initial period of 4 h and then a sustained release profile was observed in the next upcoming 20 h. 25716023 1 63 theme efficient 143:151 arg1 dressings 174:182 highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 136:182 highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 136:182 The development of highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings was carried out. 25716023 3 64 theme physical/chemical 332:348 arg1 interactions 350:361 The physical/chemical interactions 328:361 The physical/chemical interactions of the synthesized materials 328:390 The physical/chemical interactions of the synthesized materials were evaluated by FTIR. 25716023 9 65 theme neutral 1286:1292 arg1 assay 1309:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 neutral red dye uptake assay 1286:1313 To determine the cytotoxicity, cell culture was performed for various cefixime loaded substrates by using neutral red dye uptake assay and all the matrices were found to be non-toxic. 25716023 2 66 dep purpose 210:216 arg1 mats 230:233 nanofibrous mats 218:233 this purpose nanofibrous mats 205:233 For this purpose nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and films were synthesized from chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol) and hydroxyapatite. 25716023 1 67 theme anti-bacterial 153:166 arg1 dressings 174:182 highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 136:182 highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings 136:182 The development of highly efficient anti-bacterial wound dressings was carried out. 25716023 4 68 dep morphology 420:429 arg1 The 416:418 The 416:418 The 416:418 The morphology, structure; average diameter and pore size of the materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. 25716023 0 69 theme wound 92:96 arg1 matrices 107:114 novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices 71:114 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 0:115 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. 24959582 5 0 theme cross-linked 625:636 arg1 scaffolds 638:646 The cross-linked scaffolds 621:646 The cross-linked scaffolds 621:646 The cross-linked scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts. 24959582 1 1 theme three-dimensional 160:176 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds 160:208 three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 160:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 2 dep 300 582:584 arg1 to 579:580 to 579:580 to 579:580 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 4 3 theme porous 534:539 arg1 structure 541:549 a 3D porous structure 529:549 a 3D porous structure 529:549 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 3 4 link uncross-linked 464:477 arg1 scaffolds 479:487 the uncross-linked scaffolds 460:487 the uncross-linked scaffolds 460:487 The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. 24959582 7 5 theme tissue 940:945 arg1 engineering 947:957 bone tissue engineering 935:957 bone tissue engineering 935:957 Our results indicate the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 6 theme 3D 531:532 arg1 structure 541:549 a 3D porous structure 529:549 a 3D porous structure 529:549 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 4 7 theme as-obtained 494:504 arg1 scaffold 516:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold 490:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold 490:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 6 8 theme electron 780:787 arg1 SEM 801:803 SEM 801:803 SEM 801:803 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 6 8 theme electron 780:787 arg1 microscopy 789:798 scanning electron microscopy 771:798 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 771:804 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 4 9 contain had 525:527 arg2 structure 541:549 a 3D porous structure 529:549 a 3D porous structure 529:549 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 4 9 contain had 525:527 arg1 scaffold 516:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold 490:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold 490:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 6 10 theme Fluorescence 705:716 arg1 staining 718:725 Fluorescence staining 705:725 Fluorescence staining 705:725 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 3 11 link cross-linked 425:436 arg1 scaffolds 438:446 the cross-linked scaffolds 421:446 the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds 421:487 The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. 24959582 6 12 theme scanning 771:778 arg1 SEM 801:803 SEM 801:803 SEM 801:803 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 6 12 theme scanning 771:778 arg1 microscopy 789:798 scanning electron microscopy 771:798 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 771:804 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 1 13 theme porous 183:188 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds 160:208 three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 160:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 14 theme composite 506:514 arg1 scaffold 516:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold 490:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold 490:523 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 7 15 theme scaffolds 921:929 arg1 potential 902:910 the potential 898:910 the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 898:957 Our results indicate the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 1 16 dep three-dimensional 160:176 arg1 3D 179:180 3D 179:180 3D 179:180 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 3 17 theme cross-linked 425:436 arg1 scaffolds 438:446 the cross-linked scaffolds 421:446 the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds 421:487 The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. 24959582 0 18 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 scaffolds 6:14 Novel scaffolds 0:14 Novel scaffolds 0:14 Novel scaffolds fabricated using oleuropein for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 1 19 theme composite 190:198 arg1 scaffolds 200:208 three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds 160:208 three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 160:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 5 20 theme mouse 686:690 arg1 osteoblasts 692:702 MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts 665:702 MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts 665:702 The cross-linked scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts. 24959582 7 21 theme bone 935:938 arg1 engineering 947:957 bone tissue engineering 935:957 bone tissue engineering 935:957 Our results indicate the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 22 theme % 618:618 arg1 m 588:588 120 to 300 μ m 575:588 120 to 300 μ m 575:588 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 4 22 theme % 618:618 arg1 porosity 596:603 a porosity 594:603 a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3% 594:618 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 3 23 theme mechanical 371:380 arg1 tests 382:386 The mechanical tests 367:386 The mechanical tests 367:386 The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. 24959582 6 24 theme cell 844:847 arg1 adhesion 849:856 cell adhesion 844:856 cell adhesion 844:856 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 1 25 theme oleuropein 108:117 arg1 feasibility 93:103 the feasibility 89:103 the feasibility of oleuropein 89:117 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 1 25 theme oleuropein 108:117 arg1 agent 138:142 a cross-linking agent 122:142 a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 122:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 26 theme 2.3 615:617 arg1 ± 613:613 ± 613:613 ± 613:613 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 5 27 link cross-linked 625:636 arg1 scaffolds 638:646 The cross-linked scaffolds 621:646 The cross-linked scaffolds 621:646 The cross-linked scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts. 24959582 1 28 theme bone 214:217 arg1 engineering 226:236 bone tissue engineering 214:236 bone tissue engineering 214:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 29 dep m 588:588 arg1 μ 586:586 μ 586:586 μ 586:586 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 2 30 theme Human-like 239:248 arg1 HLC 260:262 HLC 260:262 HLC 260:262 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 2 30 theme Human-like 239:248 arg1 collagen 250:257 Human-like collagen 239:257 Human-like collagen (HLC) 239:263 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 6 31 theme CCK-8 753:757 arg1 assay 760:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 1 32 theme tissue 219:224 arg1 engineering 226:236 bone tissue engineering 214:236 bone tissue engineering 214:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 0 33 theme tissue 53:58 arg1 engineering 60:70 bone tissue engineering 48:70 bone tissue engineering 48:70 Novel scaffolds fabricated using oleuropein for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 4 34 dep μ 586:586 arg1 300 582:584 300 582:584 300 582:584 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 24959582 0 35 theme bone 48:51 arg1 engineering 60:70 bone tissue engineering 48:70 bone tissue engineering 48:70 Novel scaffolds fabricated using oleuropein for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 5 36 theme MC3T3-E1 665:672 arg1 osteoblasts 692:702 MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts 665:702 MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts 665:702 The cross-linked scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts. 24959582 6 37 theme Kit-8 746:750 arg1 assay 760:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 5 38 theme Subclone 674:681 arg1 osteoblasts 692:702 MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts 665:702 MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts 665:702 The cross-linked scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts. 24959582 6 39 theme Counting 737:744 arg1 assay 760:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 1 40 theme cross-linking 124:136 arg1 feasibility 93:103 the feasibility 89:103 the feasibility of oleuropein 89:117 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 1 40 theme cross-linking 124:136 arg1 agent 138:142 a cross-linking agent 122:142 a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 122:236 We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 24959582 2 41 used used 301:304 arg2 nanohydroxyapatite 269:286 nanohydroxyapatite 269:286 nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) 269:294 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 2 41 used used 301:304 arg2 HLC 260:262 HLC 260:262 HLC 260:262 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 2 41 used used 301:304 arg2 collagen 250:257 Human-like collagen 239:257 Human-like collagen (HLC) 239:263 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 2 41 used used 301:304 arg2 n-HAp 289:293 n-HAp 289:293 n-HAp 289:293 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 6 42 theme Cell 732:735 arg1 assay 760:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 728:764 Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. 24959582 2 43 theme composite 323:331 arg1 scaffold 333:340 the composite scaffold 319:340 the composite scaffold 319:340 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 3 44 theme uncross-linked 464:477 arg1 scaffolds 479:487 the uncross-linked scaffolds 460:487 the uncross-linked scaffolds 460:487 The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. 24959582 3 45 theme superior 397:404 arg1 properties 406:415 superior properties 397:415 superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds 397:487 The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. 24959582 2 46 theme cross-linking 352:364 arg1 way 345:347 way 345:347 way of cross-linking 345:364 Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. 24959582 4 47 theme 73.6 608:611 arg1 ± 613:613 ± 613:613 ± 613:613 The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μ m and a porosity of 73.6 ± 2.3%. 28216298 6 0 theme cells 1047:1051 arg1 growth 990:995 the growth 986:995 the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 986:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 1 theme adhesive 950:957 arg1 RGDSP 969:973 RGDSP 969:973 RGDSP 969:973 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 1 theme adhesive 950:957 arg1 peptides 959:966 cell adhesive peptides 945:966 cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) 945:974 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 2 theme vein 1030:1033 arg1 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 2 theme vein 1030:1033 arg1 cells 1047:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 1000:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1000:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 11 3 theme type 1881:1884 arg1 fibrils 1888:1894 collagen type I fibrils 1872:1894 collagen type I fibrils 1872:1894 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 5 4 theme collagen-laden 772:785 arg1 materials 796:804 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials 768:804 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials 768:804 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 6 5 theme umbilical 1015:1023 arg1 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 5 theme umbilical 1015:1023 arg1 cells 1047:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 1000:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1000:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 7 6 theme hydrogel 1223:1230 arg1 material 1232:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material 1198:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material 1198:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material is concluded to faithfully mimic cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 6 7 theme growth 926:931 arg1 factors 933:939 growth factors 926:939 growth factors 926:939 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 2 8 theme supramolecular 297:310 arg1 assemblies 312:321 the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies 280:321 the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM 280:336 However, they remain structurally different from the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM. 28216298 1 9 theme extracellular 203:215 arg1 matrix 217:222 the extracellular matrix 199:222 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 199:228 Polymer hydrogels can be readily modulated with regard to their physical properties and functionalized to recapitulate molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 28216298 1 9 theme extracellular 203:215 arg1 ECM 225:227 ECM 225:227 ECM 225:227 Polymer hydrogels can be readily modulated with regard to their physical properties and functionalized to recapitulate molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 28216298 6 10 theme embedded 1000:1007 arg1 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 10 theme embedded 1000:1007 arg1 cells 1047:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 1000:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1000:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 12 11 theme local 1949:1953 arg1 variation 1955:1963 a heterogeneous local variation 1933:1963 a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material 1933:1996 The collagen-laden scaffolds showed a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material. 28216298 7 12 theme introduced 1202:1211 arg1 material 1232:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material 1198:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material 1198:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material is concluded to faithfully mimic cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 8 13 theme Cell-instructive 1338:1353 arg1 materials 1355:1363 SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials 1325:1363 SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials 1325:1363 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 5 14 theme local 829:833 arg1 variation 835:843 a heterogeneous local variation 813:843 a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density 813:888 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 2 15 theme ECM 334:336 arg1 assemblies 312:321 the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies 280:321 the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM 280:336 However, they remain structurally different from the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM. 28216298 9 16 theme different 1628:1636 arg1 studies 1638:1644 various different studies 1620:1644 various different studies 1620:1644 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 8 17 theme therapies 1427:1435 arg1 generation 1395:1404 the generation 1391:1404 the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models 1391:1474 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 8 18 theme important 1373:1381 arg1 role 1383:1386 an important role 1370:1386 an important role 1370:1386 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 3 19 link ECM-derived 529:539 arg1 components 541:550 semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 511:550 semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 511:550 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 13 20 with experiments 2054:2064 arg1 cells 2109:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 13 20 with experiments 2054:2064 arg1 cells 2162:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 8 21 theme advanced 1441:1448 arg1 tissue 1450:1455 advanced tissue and disease models 1441:1474 tissue 1450:1455 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 2 22 from assemblies 312:321 arg1 different 265:273 different 265:273 different 265:273 However, they remain structurally different from the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM. 28216298 13 23 theme mesenchymal 2145:2155 arg1 cells 2162:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 12 24 theme heterogeneous 1935:1947 arg1 variation 1955:1963 a heterogeneous local variation 1933:1963 a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material 1933:1996 The collagen-laden scaffolds showed a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material. 28216298 5 25 theme density 882:888 arg1 variation 835:843 a heterogeneous local variation 813:843 a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density 813:888 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 1 26 theme molecular 181:189 arg1 cues 191:194 molecular cues 181:194 molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 181:228 Polymer hydrogels can be readily modulated with regard to their physical properties and functionalized to recapitulate molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 28216298 6 27 theme stem 1138:1141 arg1 cells 1143:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 1091:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1091:1154 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 27 theme stem 1138:1141 arg1 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 12 28 theme collagen-laden 1901:1914 arg1 scaffolds 1916:1924 The collagen-laden scaffolds 1897:1924 The collagen-laden scaffolds 1897:1924 The collagen-laden scaffolds showed a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material. 28216298 6 29 theme human 1120:1124 arg1 cells 1143:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 1091:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1091:1154 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 29 theme human 1120:1124 arg1 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 3 30 theme hydrogel 378:385 arg1 materials 397:405 hydrogel composite materials 378:405 hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I 378:496 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 13 31 theme marrow-derived 2124:2137 arg1 cells 2162:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 5 32 theme stiffness 852:860 arg1 variation 835:843 a heterogeneous local variation 813:843 a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density 813:888 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 14 33 theme cell-instructive 2253:2268 arg1 features 2270:2277 important cell-instructive features 2243:2277 important cell-instructive features of the ECM 2243:2288 It was concluded that the composite scaffold was able to faithfully mimic important cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 13 34 theme cord 2087:2090 arg1 cells 2109:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 5 35 theme adhesion 866:873 arg1 density 882:888 adhesion ligand density 866:888 adhesion ligand density 866:888 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 13 36 theme endothelial 2097:2107 arg1 cells 2109:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 0 37 theme Cell-instructive 0:15 arg1 matrices 52:59 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices 0:59 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices. 0:60 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices. 28216298 3 38 theme materials 397:405 arg1 materials 397:405 hydrogel composite materials 378:405 hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I 378:496 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 3 38 theme materials 397:405 arg1 set 371:373 a set 369:373 a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 369:550 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 3 39 theme semisynthetic 511:523 arg1 components 541:550 semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 511:550 semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 511:550 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 0 40 theme composite 42:50 arg1 matrices 52:59 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices 0:59 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices. 0:60 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices. 28216298 1 41 theme physical 126:133 arg1 properties 135:144 their physical properties 120:144 their physical properties 120:144 Polymer hydrogels can be readily modulated with regard to their physical properties and functionalized to recapitulate molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 28216298 3 42 theme maleimide-functionalized 445:468 arg1 heparin 470:476 maleimide-functionalized heparin 445:476 maleimide-functionalized heparin 445:476 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 4 43 theme collagen 643:650 arg1 microstructures 652:666 collagen microstructures 643:666 collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation 643:765 Collagen fibrillogenesis was controlled by temperature and collagen concentration to form collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation. 28216298 13 44 theme human 2071:2075 arg1 cells 2109:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 9 45 theme polymer 1509:1515 arg1 hydrogels 1517:1525 biofunctional polymer hydrogels 1495:1525 biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1495:1589 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 14 46 theme composite 2195:2203 arg1 able 2218:2221 able 2218:2221 able 2218:2221 It was concluded that the composite scaffold was able to faithfully mimic important cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 14 46 theme composite 2195:2203 arg1 scaffold 2205:2212 the composite scaffold 2191:2212 the composite scaffold 2191:2212 It was concluded that the composite scaffold was able to faithfully mimic important cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 10 47 theme supramolecular 1698:1711 arg1 structure 1713:1721 the hierarchical supramolecular structure 1681:1721 the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM 1681:1736 However, hydrogels generally lack the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM. 28216298 11 48 theme composite 1778:1786 arg1 material 1788:1795 a hydrogel composite material 1767:1795 a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils 1767:1894 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 4 49 theme collagen 612:619 arg1 concentration 621:633 collagen concentration 612:633 collagen concentration 612:633 Collagen fibrillogenesis was controlled by temperature and collagen concentration to form collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation. 28216298 3 50 theme ECM-derived 529:539 arg1 components 541:550 semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 511:550 semisynthetic and ECM-derived components 511:550 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 11 51 theme hydrogel 1769:1776 arg1 material 1788:1795 a hydrogel composite material 1767:1795 a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils 1767:1894 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 10 52 theme ECM 1734:1736 arg1 structure 1713:1721 the hierarchical supramolecular structure 1681:1721 the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM 1681:1736 However, hydrogels generally lack the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM. 28216298 11 53 theme starPEG-peptide 1807:1821 arg1 conjugates 1823:1832 starPEG-peptide conjugates 1807:1832 starPEG-peptide conjugates 1807:1832 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 9 54 theme matrix 1578:1583 arg1 cues 1552:1555 molecular cues 1542:1555 molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1542:1589 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 6 55 theme endothelial 1035:1045 arg1 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 55 theme endothelial 1035:1045 arg1 cells 1047:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 1000:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1000:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 2 56 theme natural 326:332 arg1 ECM 334:336 natural ECM 326:336 natural ECM 326:336 However, they remain structurally different from the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM. 28216298 6 57 theme cord 1025:1028 arg1 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 57 theme cord 1025:1028 arg1 cells 1047:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 1000:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1000:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 12 58 theme material 1989:1996 arg1 stiffness 1972:1980 the stiffness 1968:1980 the stiffness of the material 1968:1996 The collagen-laden scaffolds showed a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material. 28216298 13 59 theme composite 2003:2011 arg1 gels 2013:2016 The composite gels 1999:2016 The composite gels 1999:2016 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 11 60 theme I 1886:1886 arg1 fibrils 1888:1894 collagen type I fibrils 1872:1894 collagen type I fibrils 1872:1894 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 7 61 theme composite 1213:1221 arg1 material 1232:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material 1198:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material 1198:1239 The introduced composite hydrogel material is concluded to faithfully mimic cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 6 62 theme human 1009:1013 arg1 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 HUVECs 1054:1059 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 62 theme human 1009:1013 arg1 cells 1047:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 1000:1051 embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1000:1060 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 11 63 theme collagen 1872:1879 arg1 fibrils 1888:1894 collagen type I fibrils 1872:1894 collagen type I fibrils 1872:1894 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 6 64 link marrow-derived 1105:1118 arg1 cells 1143:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 1091:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1091:1154 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 64 link marrow-derived 1105:1118 arg1 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 14 65 theme ECM 2286:2288 arg1 features 2270:2277 important cell-instructive features 2243:2277 important cell-instructive features of the ECM 2243:2288 It was concluded that the composite scaffold was able to faithfully mimic important cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 1 66 theme matrix 217:222 arg1 cues 191:194 molecular cues 181:194 molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 181:228 Polymer hydrogels can be readily modulated with regard to their physical properties and functionalized to recapitulate molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 28216298 6 67 theme embedded 1091:1098 arg1 cells 1143:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 1091:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1091:1154 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 67 theme embedded 1091:1098 arg1 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 5 68 theme heterogeneous 815:827 arg1 variation 835:843 a heterogeneous local variation 813:843 a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density 813:888 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 9 69 theme various 1620:1626 arg1 studies 1638:1644 various different studies 1620:1644 various different studies 1620:1644 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 8 70 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1325:1336 arg1 materials 1355:1363 SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials 1325:1363 SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials 1325:1363 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 4 71 theme composite 724:732 arg1 matrix 734:739 the 3D composite matrix 717:739 the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation 717:765 Collagen fibrillogenesis was controlled by temperature and collagen concentration to form collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation. 28216298 13 72 link marrow-derived 2124:2137 arg1 cells 2162:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 8 73 theme materials 1355:1363 arg1 STATEMENT 1312:1320 STATEMENT 1312:1320 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials 1312:1363 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 8 74 theme regenerative 1414:1425 arg1 therapies 1427:1435 regenerative therapies 1414:1435 regenerative therapies 1414:1435 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 5 75 theme hydrogel 787:794 arg1 materials 796:804 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials 768:804 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials 768:804 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 13 76 theme human 2139:2143 arg1 cells 2162:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 2 77 theme hierarchical 284:295 arg1 assemblies 312:321 the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies 280:321 the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM 280:336 However, they remain structurally different from the hierarchical supramolecular assemblies of natural ECM. 28216298 5 78 dep stiffness 852:860 arg1 the 848:850 the 848:850 the 848:850 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 8 79 theme tissue 1450:1455 arg1 generation 1395:1404 the generation 1391:1404 the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models 1391:1474 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 13 80 theme stem 2157:2160 arg1 cells 2162:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2119:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 5 81 theme ligand 875:880 arg1 density 882:888 adhesion ligand density 866:888 adhesion ligand density 866:888 The collagen-laden hydrogel materials showed a heterogeneous local variation of the stiffness and adhesion ligand density. 28216298 6 82 theme cells 1143:1147 arg1 alignment 1078:1086 the alignment 1074:1086 the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures 1074:1186 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 8 83 theme disease 1461:1467 arg1 models 1469:1474 advanced tissue and disease models 1441:1474 models 1469:1474 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-instructive materials play an important role in the generation of both regenerative therapies and advanced tissue and disease models. 28216298 6 84 theme mesenchymal 1126:1136 arg1 cells 1143:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 1091:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1091:1154 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 84 theme mesenchymal 1126:1136 arg1 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 1 85 theme Polymer 62:68 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 Polymer hydrogels 62:78 Polymer hydrogels 62:78 Polymer hydrogels can be readily modulated with regard to their physical properties and functionalized to recapitulate molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 28216298 6 86 theme marrow-derived 1105:1118 arg1 cells 1143:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 1091:1147 embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1091:1154 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 6 86 theme marrow-derived 1105:1118 arg1 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 MSCs 1150:1153 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 3 87 theme composite 387:395 arg1 materials 397:405 hydrogel composite materials 378:405 hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I 378:496 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 13 88 theme umbilical 2077:2085 arg1 cells 2109:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 14 89 theme important 2243:2251 arg1 features 2270:2277 important cell-instructive features 2243:2277 important cell-instructive features of the ECM 2243:2288 It was concluded that the composite scaffold was able to faithfully mimic important cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 4 90 theme Collagen 553:560 arg1 fibrillogenesis 562:576 Collagen fibrillogenesis 553:576 Collagen fibrillogenesis 553:576 Collagen fibrillogenesis was controlled by temperature and collagen concentration to form collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation. 28216298 13 91 theme vein 2092:2095 arg1 cells 2109:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells 2071:2113 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 0 92 theme starPEG-heparin-collagen 17:40 arg1 matrices 52:59 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices 0:59 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices. 0:60 Cell-instructive starPEG-heparin-collagen composite matrices. 28216298 3 93 theme starPEG-peptide 417:431 arg1 conjugates 433:442 starPEG-peptide conjugates 417:442 starPEG-peptide conjugates 417:442 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 13 94 theme culture 2046:2052 arg1 experiments 2054:2064 culture experiments 2046:2064 culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells 2046:2166 The composite gels were successfully tested in culture experiments with human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. 28216298 3 95 theme collagen 482:489 arg1 type 491:494 collagen type I 482:496 collagen type I 482:496 Accordingly, we herein report a set of hydrogel composite materials made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I that combine semisynthetic and ECM-derived components. 28216298 6 96 theme collagen 1163:1170 arg1 microstructures 1172:1186 the collagen microstructures 1159:1186 the collagen microstructures 1159:1186 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 7 97 theme cell-instructive 1274:1289 arg1 features 1291:1298 cell-instructive features 1274:1298 cell-instructive features of the ECM 1274:1309 The introduced composite hydrogel material is concluded to faithfully mimic cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 9 98 theme biofunctional 1495:1507 arg1 hydrogels 1517:1525 biofunctional polymer hydrogels 1495:1525 biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1495:1589 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 4 99 theme hydrogel 748:755 arg1 formation 757:765 hydrogel formation 748:765 hydrogel formation 748:765 Collagen fibrillogenesis was controlled by temperature and collagen concentration to form collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation. 28216298 12 100 from variation 1955:1963 arg1 stiffness 1972:1980 the stiffness 1968:1980 the stiffness of the material 1968:1996 The collagen-laden scaffolds showed a heterogeneous local variation in the stiffness of the material. 28216298 6 101 theme Composite 891:899 arg1 gels 901:904 Composite gels 891:904 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) 891:974 Composite gels functionalized with growth factors and cell adhesive peptides (RGDSP) supported the growth of embedded human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced the alignment of embedded bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the collagen microstructures in vitro. 28216298 10 102 theme hierarchical 1685:1696 arg1 structure 1713:1721 the hierarchical supramolecular structure 1681:1721 the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM 1681:1736 However, hydrogels generally lack the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM. 28216298 9 103 theme molecular 1542:1550 arg1 cues 1552:1555 molecular cues 1542:1555 molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1542:1589 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 4 104 theme 3D 721:722 arg1 matrix 734:739 the 3D composite matrix 717:739 the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation 717:765 Collagen fibrillogenesis was controlled by temperature and collagen concentration to form collagen microstructures which were then homogeneously distributed within the 3D composite matrix during hydrogel formation. 28216298 10 105 theme natural 1726:1732 arg1 ECM 1734:1736 natural ECM 1726:1736 natural ECM 1726:1736 However, hydrogels generally lack the hierarchical supramolecular structure of natural ECM. 28216298 11 106 theme maleimide-functionalized 1835:1858 arg1 heparin 1860:1866 maleimide-functionalized heparin 1835:1866 maleimide-functionalized heparin 1835:1866 We have therefore developed a hydrogel composite material made from starPEG-peptide conjugates, maleimide-functionalized heparin and collagen type I fibrils. 28216298 7 107 theme ECM 1307:1309 arg1 features 1291:1298 cell-instructive features 1274:1298 cell-instructive features of the ECM 1274:1309 The introduced composite hydrogel material is concluded to faithfully mimic cell-instructive features of the ECM. 28216298 9 108 theme extracellular 1564:1576 arg1 ECM 1586:1588 ECM 1586:1588 ECM 1586:1588 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 28216298 9 108 theme extracellular 1564:1576 arg1 matrix 1578:1583 the extracellular matrix 1560:1583 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1560:1589 For that purpose, biofunctional polymer hydrogels recapitulating molecular cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were successfully applied in various different studies. 27647898 0 0 theme cellulose 85:93 arg1 formation 107:115 cellulose microfibril formation 85:115 cellulose microfibril formation 85:115 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 5 1 theme secondary 810:818 arg1 formation 830:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 1 2 theme composite 150:158 arg1 walls 138:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 1 2 theme composite 150:158 arg1 material 160:167 a composite material 148:167 a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers 148:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 5 3 theme cell 820:823 arg1 formation 830:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 5 4 theme wall 825:828 arg1 formation 830:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 2 5 theme glucose 336:342 arg1 molecules 344:352 glucose molecules 336:352 glucose molecules 336:352 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 6 6 theme tremula 1042:1048 arg1 purification 987:998 purification 987:998 purification 987:998 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 6 6 theme tremula 1042:1048 arg1 expression 975:984 heterologous expression 962:984 heterologous expression 962:984 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 6 6 theme tremula 1042:1048 arg1 reconstitution 1016:1029 functional reconstitution 1005:1029 functional reconstitution 1005:1029 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 5 7 theme cellulose 763:771 arg1 isoforms 782:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 9 8 theme PttCesA8 1616:1623 arg1 complexes 1625:1633 PttCesA8 complexes 1616:1633 PttCesA8 complexes 1616:1633 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 11 9 theme glucan 1926:1931 arg1 chains 1933:1938 individual glucan chains 1915:1938 individual glucan chains 1915:1938 Our results demonstrate that reconstituted PttCesA8 is not only sufficient for cellulose biosynthesis in vitro but also suffices to bundle individual glucan chains into cellulose microfibrils. 27647898 2 10 theme abundant 278:285 arg1 cellulose 305:313 cellulose 305:313 cellulose 305:313 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 2 10 theme abundant 278:285 arg1 polysaccharide 287:300 the most abundant polysaccharide 269:300 the most abundant polysaccharide 269:300 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 2 11 from cellulose 305:313 arg1 majority 242:249 the majority 238:249 the majority of plant tissues 238:266 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 4 12 theme UDP-activated 615:627 arg1 glucose 629:635 UDP-activated glucose 615:635 UDP-activated glucose 615:635 Cellulose is synthesized by membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions. 27647898 0 13 theme microfibril 95:105 arg1 formation 107:115 cellulose microfibril formation 85:115 cellulose microfibril formation 85:115 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 7 14 theme UDP-activated 1162:1174 arg1 glucose 1176:1182 UDP-activated glucose 1162:1182 UDP-activated glucose to cellulose 1162:1195 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 2 15 theme molecules 344:352 arg1 polymer 325:331 a linear polymer 316:331 a linear polymer of glucose molecules 316:352 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 2 15 theme molecules 344:352 arg1 cellulose 305:313 cellulose 305:313 cellulose 305:313 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 9 16 theme fibers 1512:1517 arg1 micrometers 1527:1537 cellulose fibers several micrometers 1502:1537 cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles 1502:1593 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 7 17 theme permethylation 1235:1248 arg1 analysis 1267:1274 permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis 1235:1274 permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis 1235:1274 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 11 18 theme reconstituted 1805:1817 arg1 PttCesA8 1819:1826 reconstituted PttCesA8 1805:1826 reconstituted PttCesA8 1805:1826 Our results demonstrate that reconstituted PttCesA8 is not only sufficient for cellulose biosynthesis in vitro but also suffices to bundle individual glucan chains into cellulose microfibrils. 27647898 7 19 theme recombinant 1131:1141 arg1 enzyme 1143:1148 The recombinant enzyme 1127:1148 The recombinant enzyme 1127:1148 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 8 20 theme Catalytic 1323:1331 arg1 activity 1333:1340 Catalytic activity 1323:1340 Catalytic activity 1323:1340 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 8 21 theme cations 1425:1431 arg1 presence 1362:1369 the presence 1358:1369 the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations 1358:1431 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 6 22 theme cell 1106:1109 arg1 formation 1116:1124 secondary cell wall formation 1096:1124 secondary cell wall formation 1096:1124 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 8 23 theme environment 1390:1400 arg1 presence 1362:1369 the presence 1358:1369 the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations 1358:1431 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 3 24 theme cell 392:395 arg1 wall 397:400 the cell wall 388:400 the cell wall 388:400 As the load-bearing component of the cell wall, individual cellulose chains are frequently bundled into micro and macrofibrils and are wrapped around the cell. 27647898 3 25 theme wall 397:400 arg1 component 375:383 the load-bearing component 358:383 the load-bearing component of the cell wall 358:400 As the load-bearing component of the cell wall, individual cellulose chains are frequently bundled into micro and macrofibrils and are wrapped around the cell. 27647898 7 26 theme linkage 1259:1265 arg1 analysis 1267:1274 permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis 1235:1274 permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis 1235:1274 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 10 27 theme biosynthetic 1753:1764 arg1 activity 1766:1773 cellulose biosynthetic activity 1743:1773 fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity 1719:1773 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain almost completely abolishes fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity. 27647898 1 28 theme polysaccharides 172:186 arg1 walls 138:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 1 28 theme polysaccharides 172:186 arg1 material 160:167 a composite material 148:167 a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers 148:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 0 29 theme single 2:7 arg1 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 0 29 theme single 2:7 arg1 isoform 59:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 7 30 theme electron 1277:1284 arg1 microscopy 1286:1295 electron microscopy 1277:1295 electron microscopy 1277:1295 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 10 31 theme RING-finger 1672:1682 arg1 domain 1684:1689 the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain 1648:1689 the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain 1648:1689 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain almost completely abolishes fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity. 27647898 10 32 theme domain 1684:1689 arg1 Deletion 1636:1643 Deletion 1636:1643 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain 1636:1689 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain almost completely abolishes fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity. 27647898 3 33 theme individual 403:412 arg1 chains 424:429 individual cellulose chains 403:429 individual cellulose chains 403:429 As the load-bearing component of the cell wall, individual cellulose chains are frequently bundled into micro and macrofibrils and are wrapped around the cell. 27647898 4 34 theme membrane-integrated 543:561 arg1 glycosyltransferases 578:597 membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases 543:597 membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions 543:727 Cellulose is synthesized by membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions. 27647898 1 35 theme proteins 189:196 arg1 walls 138:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 1 35 theme proteins 189:196 arg1 material 160:167 a composite material 148:167 a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers 148:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 0 36 theme expressed 24:32 arg1 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 0 36 theme expressed 24:32 arg1 isoform 59:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 6 37 theme functional 1005:1014 arg1 reconstitution 1016:1029 functional reconstitution 1005:1029 functional reconstitution 1005:1029 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 10 38 theme fiber 1719:1723 arg1 formation 1725:1733 fiber formation 1719:1733 fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity 1719:1773 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain almost completely abolishes fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity. 27647898 9 39 theme several 1519:1525 arg1 micrometers 1527:1537 cellulose fibers several micrometers 1502:1537 cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles 1502:1593 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 8 40 theme bilayer 1382:1388 arg1 environment 1390:1400 a lipid bilayer environment 1374:1400 a lipid bilayer environment 1374:1400 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 9 41 theme electron 1443:1450 arg1 microscopy 1452:1461 electron microscopy 1443:1461 electron microscopy analyses 1443:1470 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 11 42 theme individual 1915:1924 arg1 chains 1933:1938 individual glucan chains 1915:1938 individual glucan chains 1915:1938 Our results demonstrate that reconstituted PttCesA8 is not only sufficient for cellulose biosynthesis in vitro but also suffices to bundle individual glucan chains into cellulose microfibrils. 27647898 3 43 theme load-bearing 362:373 arg1 component 375:383 the load-bearing component 358:383 the load-bearing component of the cell wall 358:400 As the load-bearing component of the cell wall, individual cellulose chains are frequently bundled into micro and macrofibrils and are wrapped around the cell. 27647898 4 44 theme processive 567:576 arg1 glycosyltransferases 578:597 membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases 543:597 membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions 543:727 Cellulose is synthesized by membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions. 27647898 6 45 dep expression 975:984 arg1 the 958:960 the 958:960 the 958:960 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 7 46 theme mutagenesis 1302:1312 arg1 studies 1314:1320 mutagenesis studies 1302:1320 mutagenesis studies 1302:1320 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 4 47 theme nascent 653:659 arg1 polymer 661:667 the nascent polymer 649:667 the nascent polymer 649:667 Cellulose is synthesized by membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions. 27647898 0 48 theme cellulose 40:48 arg1 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 0 48 theme cellulose 40:48 arg1 isoform 59:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 5 49 theme several 745:751 arg1 isoforms 782:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 7 50 theme glycosyl 1250:1257 arg1 analysis 1267:1274 permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis 1235:1274 permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis 1235:1274 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 8 51 theme lipid 1376:1380 arg1 environment 1390:1400 a lipid bilayer environment 1374:1400 a lipid bilayer environment 1374:1400 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 3 52 theme cellulose 414:422 arg1 chains 424:429 individual cellulose chains 403:429 individual cellulose chains 403:429 As the load-bearing component of the cell wall, individual cellulose chains are frequently bundled into micro and macrofibrils and are wrapped around the cell. 27647898 1 53 theme other 203:207 arg1 polymers 225:232 other noncarbohydrate polymers 203:232 other noncarbohydrate polymers 203:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 0 54 theme plant 34:38 arg1 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 0 54 theme plant 34:38 arg1 isoform 59:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 5 55 theme different 753:761 arg1 isoforms 782:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 1 56 theme noncarbohydrate 209:223 arg1 polymers 225:232 other noncarbohydrate polymers 203:232 other noncarbohydrate polymers 203:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 5 57 theme detailed 912:919 arg1 analyses 933:940 detailed biochemical analyses 912:940 detailed biochemical analyses 912:940 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 8 58 theme divalent 1406:1413 arg1 cations 1425:1431 divalent manganese cations 1406:1431 divalent manganese cations 1406:1431 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 11 59 theme cellulose 1945:1953 arg1 microfibrils 1955:1966 cellulose microfibrils 1945:1966 cellulose microfibrils 1945:1966 Our results demonstrate that reconstituted PttCesA8 is not only sufficient for cellulose biosynthesis in vitro but also suffices to bundle individual glucan chains into cellulose microfibrils. 27647898 9 60 theme globular 1576:1583 arg1 particles 1585:1593 globular particles 1576:1593 globular particles 1576:1593 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 0 61 theme synthase 50:57 arg1 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 sufficient 70:79 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 0 61 theme synthase 50:57 arg1 isoform 59:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform 0:65 A single heterologously expressed plant cellulose synthase isoform is sufficient for cellulose microfibril formation in vitro. 27647898 6 62 theme secondary 1096:1104 arg1 formation 1116:1124 secondary cell wall formation 1096:1124 secondary cell wall formation 1096:1124 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 11 63 theme cellulose 1855:1863 arg1 biosynthesis 1865:1876 cellulose biosynthesis 1855:1876 cellulose biosynthesis 1855:1876 Our results demonstrate that reconstituted PttCesA8 is not only sufficient for cellulose biosynthesis in vitro but also suffices to bundle individual glucan chains into cellulose microfibrils. 27647898 1 64 theme Plant 127:131 arg1 walls 138:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 1 64 theme Plant 127:131 arg1 material 160:167 a composite material 148:167 a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers 148:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 6 65 theme heterologous 962:973 arg1 expression 975:984 heterologous expression 962:984 heterologous expression 962:984 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 10 66 theme cellulose 1743:1751 arg1 activity 1766:1773 cellulose biosynthetic activity 1743:1773 fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity 1719:1773 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain almost completely abolishes fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity. 27647898 2 67 theme tissues 260:266 arg1 majority 242:249 the majority 238:249 the majority of plant tissues 238:266 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 1 68 theme cell 133:136 arg1 walls 138:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 1 68 theme cell 133:136 arg1 material 160:167 a composite material 148:167 a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers 148:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 9 69 theme microscopy 1452:1461 arg1 analyses 1463:1470 electron microscopy analyses 1443:1470 electron microscopy analyses 1443:1470 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 1 70 theme polymers 225:232 arg1 walls 138:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls 127:142 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 1 70 theme polymers 225:232 arg1 material 160:167 a composite material 148:167 a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers 148:232 Plant cell walls are a composite material of polysaccharides, proteins, and other noncarbohydrate polymers. 27647898 8 71 theme manganese 1415:1423 arg1 cations 1425:1431 divalent manganese cations 1406:1431 divalent manganese cations 1406:1431 Catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a lipid bilayer environment and divalent manganese cations. 27647898 2 72 theme plant 254:258 arg1 tissues 260:266 plant tissues 254:266 plant tissues 254:266 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 10 73 theme N-terminal 1661:1670 arg1 domain 1684:1689 the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain 1648:1689 the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain 1648:1689 Deletion of the enzyme's N-terminal RING-finger domain almost completely abolishes fiber formation but not cellulose biosynthetic activity. 27647898 5 74 theme biochemical 921:931 arg1 analyses 933:940 detailed biochemical analyses 912:940 detailed biochemical analyses 912:940 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 2 75 theme linear 318:323 arg1 polymer 325:331 a linear polymer 316:331 a linear polymer of glucose molecules 316:352 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 2 75 theme linear 318:323 arg1 cellulose 305:313 cellulose 305:313 cellulose 305:313 In the majority of plant tissues, the most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose, a linear polymer of glucose molecules. 27647898 5 76 theme primary 798:804 arg1 formation 830:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 primary and secondary cell wall formation 798:838 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27647898 4 77 theme transmembrane 707:719 arg1 regions 721:727 their own transmembrane regions 697:727 their own transmembrane regions 697:727 Cellulose is synthesized by membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions. 27647898 6 78 theme wall 1111:1114 arg1 formation 1116:1124 secondary cell wall formation 1096:1124 secondary cell wall formation 1096:1124 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 6 79 theme CesA8 1064:1068 arg1 purification 987:998 purification 987:998 purification 987:998 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 6 79 theme CesA8 1064:1068 arg1 expression 975:984 heterologous expression 962:984 heterologous expression 962:984 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 6 79 theme CesA8 1064:1068 arg1 reconstitution 1016:1029 functional reconstitution 1005:1029 functional reconstitution 1005:1029 Here we report the heterologous expression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Populus tremula x tremuloides CesA8 (PttCesA8), implicated in secondary cell wall formation. 27647898 9 80 theme cellulose 1502:1510 arg1 micrometers 1527:1537 cellulose fibers several micrometers 1502:1537 cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles 1502:1593 Further, electron microscopy analyses reveal that PttCesA8 produces cellulose fibers several micrometers long that occasionally are capped by globular particles, likely representing PttCesA8 complexes. 27647898 7 81 theme enzyme 1215:1220 arg1 degradation 1222:1232 enzyme degradation 1215:1232 enzyme degradation 1215:1232 The recombinant enzyme polymerizes UDP-activated glucose to cellulose, as determined by enzyme degradation, permethylation glycosyl linkage analysis, electron microscopy, and mutagenesis studies. 27647898 4 82 theme own 703:705 arg1 regions 721:727 their own transmembrane regions 697:727 their own transmembrane regions 697:727 Cellulose is synthesized by membrane-integrated and processive glycosyltransferases that polymerize UDP-activated glucose and secrete the nascent polymer through a channel formed by their own transmembrane regions. 27647898 5 83 theme synthase 773:780 arg1 isoforms 782:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 several different cellulose synthase isoforms 745:789 Plants express several different cellulose synthase isoforms during primary and secondary cell wall formation; however, so far, none has been functionally reconstituted in vitro for detailed biochemical analyses. 27882723 4 0 theme major 992:996 arg1 factors 998:1004 the major factors 988:1004 the major factors governing substrates digestibility 988:1039 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 4 1 dep 33.2 mg g-1biomass 889:906 arg1 to 886:887 to 886:887 to 886:887 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 8 2 theme high 1481:1484 arg1 accessibility 1496:1508 high cellulose accessibility 1481:1508 high cellulose accessibility 1481:1508 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 1 3 theme release 240:246 arg1 analysis 248:255 previous sugar release analysis 225:255 previous sugar release analysis 225:255 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 3 4 theme permeation 467:476 arg1 GPC 494:496 GPC 494:496 GPC 494:496 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 4 theme permeation 467:476 arg1 chromatography 478:491 Gel permeation chromatography 463:491 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 463:497 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 4 5 theme cellulose 944:952 arg1 accessibility 954:966 cellulose accessibility 944:966 cellulose accessibility 944:966 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 4 5 theme cellulose 944:952 arg1 factors 998:1004 the major factors 988:1004 the major factors governing substrates digestibility 988:1039 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 4 5 theme cellulose 944:952 arg1 one 981:983 one 981:983 one 981:983 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 8 6 theme cellulose 1463:1471 arg1 DP 1473:1474 low cellulose DP 1459:1474 low cellulose DP 1459:1474 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 6 7 with correlation 1193:1203 arg1 release 1218:1224 glucose release 1210:1224 glucose release 1210:1224 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 7 8 theme guaiacyl 1360:1367 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 8 theme guaiacyl 1360:1367 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 8 theme guaiacyl 1360:1367 arg1 ratio 1338:1342 the ratio 1334:1342 the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) 1334:1373 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 8 theme guaiacyl 1360:1367 arg1 S/G 1370:1372 S/G 1370:1372 S/G 1370:1372 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 8 theme guaiacyl 1360:1367 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 3 9 theme polymerization 561:574 arg1 degree 551:556 the degree 547:556 the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose 547:622 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 8 10 theme Low 1439:1441 arg1 content 1450:1456 Low lignin content 1439:1456 Low lignin content 1439:1456 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 8 11 theme single 1602:1607 arg1 factor 1619:1624 any single substrate factor 1598:1624 any single substrate factor 1598:1624 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 7 12 theme xylose 1423:1428 arg1 release 1430:1436 xylose release 1423:1436 xylose release 1423:1436 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 6 13 theme stronger 1184:1191 arg1 correlation 1193:1203 a stronger correlation 1182:1203 a stronger correlation with glucose release 1182:1224 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 2 14 theme physicochemical 285:299 arg1 characterizations 301:317 physicochemical characterizations 285:317 physicochemical characterizations of these poplars 285:334 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 3 15 theme state 514:518 arg1 NMR 520:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 5 16 theme poplar 1105:1110 arg1 variants 1119:1126 poplar lignin variants 1105:1126 poplar lignin variants 1105:1126 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis detailed the structural features of poplar lignin variants. 27882723 7 17 theme phenolic 1306:1313 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 17 theme phenolic 1306:1313 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 17 theme phenolic 1306:1313 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 1 18 theme poplar 172:177 arg1 variants 179:186 six natural poplar variants 160:186 six natural poplar variants 160:186 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 1 18 theme poplar 172:177 arg1 feedstocks 205:214 feedstocks 205:214 feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis 205:255 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 8 19 theme lignin 1443:1448 arg1 content 1450:1456 Low lignin content 1439:1456 Low lignin content 1439:1456 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 5 20 theme lignin 1112:1117 arg1 variants 1119:1126 poplar lignin variants 1105:1126 poplar lignin variants 1105:1126 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis detailed the structural features of poplar lignin variants. 27882723 4 21 theme substrate 824:832 arg1 area 816:819 the accessible surface area 793:819 the accessible surface area of substrate 793:832 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 1 22 theme natural 164:170 arg1 variants 179:186 six natural poplar variants 160:186 six natural poplar variants 160:186 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 1 22 theme natural 164:170 arg1 feedstocks 205:214 feedstocks 205:214 feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis 205:255 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 0 23 theme In-Depth 3:10 arg1 Understanding 12:24 An In-Depth Understanding 0:24 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance 0:49 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 5 24 theme variants 1119:1126 arg1 features 1093:1100 the structural features 1078:1100 the structural features of poplar lignin variants 1078:1126 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis detailed the structural features of poplar lignin variants. 27882723 6 25 theme structural 1247:1256 arg1 features 1258:1265 lignin structural features 1240:1265 lignin structural features 1240:1265 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 7 26 theme structural 1275:1284 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 26 theme structural 1275:1284 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 26 theme structural 1275:1284 arg1 ratio 1338:1342 the ratio 1334:1342 the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) 1334:1373 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 26 theme structural 1275:1284 arg1 features 1286:1293 Lignin structural features 1268:1293 Lignin structural features 1268:1293 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 26 theme structural 1275:1284 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 2 27 theme enzymatic 417:425 arg1 yield 438:442 enzymatic hydrolysis yield 417:442 enzymatic hydrolysis yield 417:442 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 6 28 theme lignin 1240:1245 arg1 features 1258:1265 lignin structural features 1240:1265 lignin structural features 1240:1265 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 2 29 theme poplars 328:334 arg1 analysis 272:279 Compositional analysis 258:279 Compositional analysis 258:279 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 2 29 theme poplars 328:334 arg1 characterizations 301:317 physicochemical characterizations 285:317 physicochemical characterizations of these poplars 285:334 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 3 30 theme enzymatic 743:751 arg1 hydrolysis 753:762 enzymatic hydrolysis 743:762 enzymatic hydrolysis 743:762 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 4 31 theme dye 924:926 arg1 adsorption 928:937 dye adsorption 924:937 dye adsorption 924:937 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 3 32 theme crystallinity 585:597 arg1 CrI 606:608 CrI 606:608 CrI 606:608 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 32 theme crystallinity 585:597 arg1 index 599:603 crystallinity index 585:603 crystallinity index (CrI) 585:609 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 33 theme important 725:733 arg1 role 735:738 a more important role 718:738 a more important role 718:738 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 6 34 theme relevant 1148:1155 arg1 factors 1157:1163 cellulose relevant factors 1138:1163 cellulose relevant factors 1138:1163 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 8 35 theme enzymatic 1526:1534 arg1 hydrolysis 1536:1545 enzymatic hydrolysis 1526:1545 enzymatic hydrolysis 1526:1545 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 3 36 theme C 506:506 arg1 NMR 520:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 0 37 theme Recalcitrance 37:49 arg1 Understanding 12:24 An In-Depth Understanding 0:24 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance 0:49 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 4 38 theme surface 808:814 arg1 area 816:819 the accessible surface area 793:819 the accessible surface area of substrate 793:832 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 7 39 theme convincing 1402:1411 arg1 impact 1413:1418 a more convincing impact 1395:1418 a more convincing impact 1395:1418 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 0 40 theme Biomass 29:35 arg1 Recalcitrance 37:49 Biomass Recalcitrance 29:49 Biomass Recalcitrance 29:49 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 3 41 theme Gel 463:465 arg1 GPC 494:496 GPC 494:496 GPC 494:496 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 41 theme Gel 463:465 arg1 chromatography 478:491 Gel permeation chromatography 463:491 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 463:497 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 5 42 theme structural 1082:1091 arg1 features 1093:1100 the structural features 1078:1100 the structural features of poplar lignin variants 1078:1126 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis detailed the structural features of poplar lignin variants. 27882723 4 43 theme accessible 797:806 arg1 area 816:819 the accessible surface area 793:819 the accessible surface area of substrate 793:832 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 0 44 theme Natural 57:63 arg1 Variants 72:79 Natural Poplar Variants 57:79 Natural Poplar Variants 57:79 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 0 44 theme Natural 57:63 arg1 Feedstock 88:96 the Feedstock 84:96 the Feedstock 84:96 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 7 45 contain have 1390:1393 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 45 contain have 1390:1393 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 45 contain have 1390:1393 arg1 ratio 1338:1342 the ratio 1334:1342 the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) 1334:1373 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 45 contain have 1390:1393 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 45 contain have 1390:1393 arg2 impact 1413:1418 a more convincing impact 1395:1418 a more convincing impact 1395:1418 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 45 contain have 1390:1393 arg1 features 1286:1293 Lignin structural features 1268:1293 Lignin structural features 1268:1293 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 3 46 theme index 599:603 arg1 degree 551:556 the degree 547:556 the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose 547:622 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 8 47 theme cellulose 1486:1494 arg1 accessibility 1496:1508 high cellulose accessibility 1481:1508 high cellulose accessibility 1481:1508 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 6 48 theme cellulose 1138:1146 arg1 factors 1157:1163 cellulose relevant factors 1138:1163 cellulose relevant factors 1138:1163 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 4 49 theme factors 998:1004 arg1 factors 998:1004 the major factors 988:1004 the major factors governing substrates digestibility 988:1039 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 4 49 theme factors 998:1004 arg1 accessibility 954:966 cellulose accessibility 944:966 cellulose accessibility 944:966 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 4 49 theme factors 998:1004 arg1 one 981:983 one 981:983 one 981:983 Simons' stain revealed that the accessible surface area of substrate significantly varied among these variants from 17.3 to 33.2 mg g-1biomass as reflected by dye adsorption, and cellulose accessibility was shown as one of the major factors governing substrates digestibility. 27882723 8 50 theme low 1459:1461 arg1 DP 1473:1474 low cellulose DP 1459:1474 low cellulose DP 1459:1474 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 3 51 theme release 662:668 arg1 study 670:674 the sugar release study 652:674 the sugar release study 652:674 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 7 52 theme syringyl 1347:1354 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 52 theme syringyl 1347:1354 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 52 theme syringyl 1347:1354 arg1 ratio 1338:1342 the ratio 1334:1342 the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) 1334:1373 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 52 theme syringyl 1347:1354 arg1 S/G 1370:1372 S/G 1370:1372 S/G 1370:1372 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 52 theme syringyl 1347:1354 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 2 53 theme Compositional 258:270 arg1 analysis 272:279 Compositional analysis 258:279 Compositional analysis 258:279 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 3 54 theme solid 508:512 arg1 NMR 520:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 8 55 theme substrate 1609:1617 arg1 factor 1619:1624 any single substrate factor 1598:1624 any single substrate factor 1598:1624 Low lignin content, low cellulose DP, and high cellulose accessibility generally favor enzymatic hydrolysis; however, recalcitrance cannot be simply judged on any single substrate factor. 27882723 6 56 contain have 1177:1180 arg2 correlation 1193:1203 a stronger correlation 1182:1203 a stronger correlation with glucose release 1182:1224 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 6 56 contain have 1177:1180 arg1 factors 1157:1163 cellulose relevant factors 1138:1163 cellulose relevant factors 1138:1163 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 5 57 theme P NMR 1054:1058 arg1 analysis 1060:1067 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis 1042:1067 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis 1042:1067 HSQC and 31 P NMR analysis detailed the structural features of poplar lignin variants. 27882723 3 58 used used 529:532 arg2 GPC 494:496 GPC 494:496 GPC 494:496 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 58 used used 529:532 arg2 chromatography 478:491 Gel permeation chromatography 463:491 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 463:497 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 58 used used 529:532 arg2 NMR 520:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 13 C solid state NMR 503:522 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 1 59 theme biomass 137:143 arg1 recalcitrance 145:157 the biomass recalcitrance 133:157 the biomass recalcitrance 133:157 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 7 60 theme hydroxyl 1315:1322 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 60 theme hydroxyl 1315:1322 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 60 theme hydroxyl 1315:1322 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 61 theme Lignin 1268:1273 arg1 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 syringyl 1347:1354 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 61 theme Lignin 1268:1273 arg1 group 1324:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 a phenolic hydroxyl group 1304:1328 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 61 theme Lignin 1268:1273 arg1 ratio 1338:1342 the ratio 1334:1342 the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) 1334:1373 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 61 theme Lignin 1268:1273 arg1 features 1286:1293 Lignin structural features 1268:1293 Lignin structural features 1268:1293 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 7 61 theme Lignin 1268:1273 arg1 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 guaiacyl 1360:1367 Lignin structural features, such as a phenolic hydroxyl group and the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G), were found to have a more convincing impact on xylose release. 27882723 3 62 theme sugar 656:660 arg1 study 670:674 the sugar release study 652:674 the sugar release study 652:674 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 6 63 theme glucose 1210:1216 arg1 release 1218:1224 glucose release 1210:1224 glucose release 1210:1224 Overall, cellulose relevant factors appeared to have a stronger correlation with glucose release, if any, than lignin structural features. 27882723 2 64 theme hydrolysis 427:436 arg1 yield 438:442 enzymatic hydrolysis yield 417:442 enzymatic hydrolysis yield 417:442 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 1 65 theme previous 225:232 arg1 analysis 248:255 previous sugar release analysis 225:255 previous sugar release analysis 225:255 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27882723 0 66 theme Poplar 65:70 arg1 Variants 72:79 Natural Poplar Variants 57:79 Natural Poplar Variants 57:79 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 0 66 theme Poplar 65:70 arg1 Feedstock 88:96 the Feedstock 84:96 the Feedstock 84:96 An In-Depth Understanding of Biomass Recalcitrance Using Natural Poplar Variants as the Feedstock. 27882723 3 67 theme cellulose 691:699 arg1 DP 701:702 cellulose DP 691:702 cellulose DP 691:702 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 3 68 theme cellulose 614:622 arg1 degree 551:556 the degree 547:556 the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose 547:622 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13 C solid state NMR were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of cellulose, and the results along with the sugar release study indicated that cellulose DP likely played a more important role in enzymatic hydrolysis. 27882723 2 69 theme physicochemical 386:400 arg1 properties 402:411 these physicochemical properties 380:411 these physicochemical properties 380:411 Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. 27882723 1 70 theme sugar 234:238 arg1 analysis 248:255 previous sugar release analysis 225:255 previous sugar release analysis 225:255 In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. 27083365 5 0 theme bromide 832:838 arg1 assay 840:844 methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay 797:844 methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay 797:844 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 4 1 dep morphology 556:565 arg1 The 552:554 The 552:554 The 552:554 The morphology and structure of the nanofibres was determined using scanning electron microscopy. 27083365 5 2 theme possible 675:682 arg1 application 684:694 their possible application 669:694 their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds 669:726 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 1 3 theme chondroitin 187:197 arg1 sulfate 199:205 chondroitin sulfate 187:205 chondroitin sulfate 187:205 Composite nanofibres were prepared by electrospinning from a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol. 27083365 1 4 theme sulfate 199:205 arg1 solution 175:182 a solution 173:182 a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol 173:227 Composite nanofibres were prepared by electrospinning from a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol. 27083365 2 5 theme smooth 318:323 arg1 morphology 325:334 a uniform and smooth morphology 304:334 a uniform and smooth morphology 304:334 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 4 6 theme scanning 620:627 arg1 microscopy 638:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 The morphology and structure of the nanofibres was determined using scanning electron microscopy. 27083365 5 7 theme nanofibres 771:780 arg1 cytocompatibility 746:762 cytocompatibility 746:762 cytocompatibility 746:762 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 5 7 theme nanofibres 771:780 arg1 toxicity 733:740 toxicity 733:740 toxicity 733:740 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 3 8 used used 453:456 arg2 model 463:467 a model 461:467 a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde 461:549 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 3 8 used used 453:456 arg2 phosphate 410:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate 391:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate 391:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 5 9 theme tissue 699:704 arg1 scaffolds 718:726 tissue engineering scaffolds 699:726 tissue engineering scaffolds 699:726 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 5 10 dep toxicity 733:740 arg1 the 729:731 the 729:731 the 729:731 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 2 11 contain has 300:302 arg1 mass 281:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass 230:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 11 contain has 300:302 arg2 morphology 325:334 a uniform and smooth morphology 304:334 a uniform and smooth morphology 304:334 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 12 theme uniform 306:312 arg1 morphology 325:334 a uniform and smooth morphology 304:334 a uniform and smooth morphology 304:334 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 1 13 theme polyvinyl 211:219 arg1 alcohol 221:227 polyvinyl alcohol 211:227 polyvinyl alcohol 211:227 Composite nanofibres were prepared by electrospinning from a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol. 27083365 1 14 theme Composite 114:122 arg1 nanofibres 124:133 Composite nanofibres 114:133 Composite nanofibres 114:133 Composite nanofibres were prepared by electrospinning from a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol. 27083365 1 15 theme alcohol 221:227 arg1 solution 175:182 a solution 173:182 a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol 173:227 Composite nanofibres were prepared by electrospinning from a solution of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol. 27083365 3 16 theme Combretastatin 391:404 arg1 phosphate 410:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate 391:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate 391:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 3 16 theme Combretastatin 391:404 arg1 model 463:467 a model 461:467 a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde 461:549 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 3 17 from nanofibres 503:512 arg1 release 486:492 drug release 481:492 drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde 481:549 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 3 18 theme A-4 406:408 arg1 phosphate 410:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate 391:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate 391:418 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 3 18 theme A-4 406:408 arg1 model 463:467 a model 461:467 a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde 461:549 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 4 19 theme nanofibres 588:597 arg1 morphology 556:565 morphology 556:565 morphology 556:565 The morphology and structure of the nanofibres was determined using scanning electron microscopy. 27083365 4 19 theme nanofibres 588:597 arg1 structure 571:579 structure 571:579 structure 571:579 The morphology and structure of the nanofibres was determined using scanning electron microscopy. 27083365 2 20 theme nanofibres 369:378 arg1 136nm 384:388 136nm 384:388 136nm 384:388 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 20 theme nanofibres 369:378 arg1 diameter 353:360 the average diameter 341:360 the average diameter of the nanofibres 341:378 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 3 21 theme drug 481:484 arg1 release 486:492 drug release 481:492 drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde 481:549 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 0 22 theme sulfate/polyvinyl 48:64 arg1 alcohol 66:72 chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol 36:72 chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol 36:72 Characterization and application of chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibres prepared by electrospinning. 27083365 0 23 dep nanofibres 74:83 arg1 prepared 85:92 prepared 85:92 nanofibres prepared by electrospinning 74:111 Characterization and application of chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibres prepared by electrospinning. 27083365 2 24 dep mass 281:284 arg1 ratios 286:291 ratios 286:291 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 0 25 theme chondroitin 36:46 arg1 alcohol 66:72 chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol 36:72 chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol 36:72 Characterization and application of chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibres prepared by electrospinning. 27083365 5 26 theme engineering 706:716 arg1 scaffolds 718:726 tissue engineering scaffolds 699:726 tissue engineering scaffolds 699:726 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 27083365 2 27 theme CS/PVA 273:278 arg1 mass 281:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass 230:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 0 28 theme alcohol 66:72 arg1 application 21:31 application 21:31 application 21:31 Characterization and application of chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibres prepared by electrospinning. 27083365 0 28 theme alcohol 66:72 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and application of chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibres prepared by electrospinning. 27083365 2 29 theme alcohol 264:270 arg1 mass 281:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass 230:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 30 theme sulfate/polyvinyl 246:262 arg1 mass 281:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass 230:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 31 theme chondroitin 234:244 arg1 mass 281:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass 230:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 32 theme 7/3 296:298 arg1 mass 281:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass 230:284 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 230:298 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 33 theme average 345:351 arg1 136nm 384:388 136nm 384:388 136nm 384:388 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 2 33 theme average 345:351 arg1 diameter 353:360 the average diameter 341:360 the average diameter of the nanofibres 341:378 The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) mass ratios of 7/3 has a uniform and smooth morphology, and the average diameter of the nanofibres was 136nm. 27083365 4 34 theme electron 629:636 arg1 microscopy 638:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 scanning electron microscopy 620:647 The morphology and structure of the nanofibres was determined using scanning electron microscopy. 27083365 3 35 theme glutaric 531:538 arg1 dialdehyde 540:549 glutaric dialdehyde 531:549 glutaric dialdehyde 531:549 Combretastatin A-4 phosphate was loaded on the nanofibres and used as a model for testing drug release from the nanofibres crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. 27083365 5 36 theme methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium 797:830 arg1 assay 840:844 methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay 797:844 methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay 797:844 In order to assess their possible application to tissue engineering scaffolds, the toxicity and cytocompatibility of the nanofibres were tested by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. 28356126 9 0 from increase 1212:1219 arg1 fiber 1238:1242 the fiber 1234:1242 the fiber 1234:1242 According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. 28356126 7 1 theme SEM 975:977 arg1 results 979:985 SEM results 975:985 SEM results 975:985 According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. 28356126 5 2 from effect 712:717 arg1 solution 742:749 the solution 738:749 the solution 738:749 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 5 2 from effect 712:717 arg1 properties 758:767 properties 758:767 properties 758:767 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 5 2 from effect 712:717 arg1 structure 787:795 morphological structure 773:795 morphological structure 773:795 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 5 3 theme morphological 773:785 arg1 structure 787:795 morphological structure 773:795 morphological structure 773:795 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 6 4 theme characteristic 925:938 arg1 strength 916:923 greater ultimate tensile strength 891:923 greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%) 891:959 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 9 5 theme starch 1224:1229 arg1 increase 1212:1219 the increase 1208:1219 the increase of starch in the fiber 1208:1242 According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. 28356126 10 6 theme needle 1362:1367 arg1 technique 1385:1393 a co-axial needle electrospinning technique 1351:1393 a co-axial needle electrospinning technique 1351:1393 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 3 7 theme electrical 518:527 arg1 conductivity 529:540 electrical conductivity 518:540 electrical conductivity 518:540 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 5 8 dep RESULTS 700:706 arg1 presented 824:832 presented 824:832 was presented 820:832 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 12 9 theme Fiber 1445:1449 arg1 formation 1451:1459 Fiber formation 1445:1459 Fiber formation 1445:1459 Fiber formation was observed for different ratio of starch. 28356126 13 10 theme several 1510:1516 arg1 test 1518:1521 several test 1510:1521 several test 1510:1521 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 9 11 theme cell 1153:1156 arg1 study 1166:1170 cell culture study 1153:1170 cell culture study 1153:1170 According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. 28356126 3 12 theme composite 550:558 arg1 fibres 560:565 the composite fibres 546:565 the composite fibres 546:565 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 10 13 theme starch/PCL 1315:1324 arg1 nanofibers 1301:1310 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers 1279:1310 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL 1279:1324 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 4 14 theme culture 600:606 arg1 test 608:611 a cell culture test 593:611 a cell culture test 593:611 Moreover, a cell culture test was performed in order to determine their cytotoxicity for wound dressing application. 28356126 6 15 theme tensile 908:914 arg1 strength 916:923 greater ultimate tensile strength 891:923 greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%) 891:959 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 3 16 theme fibres 560:565 arg1 properties 475:484 mechanical and physical properties 451:484 mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres 451:565 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 16 theme fibres 560:565 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 9 17 theme culture 1158:1164 arg1 study 1166:1170 cell culture study 1153:1170 cell culture study 1153:1170 According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. 28356126 0 18 theme Starch/PCL 0:9 arg1 composite 11:19 Starch/PCL composite 0:19 Starch/PCL composite 0:19 Starch/PCL composite nanofibers by co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. 28356126 4 19 theme cell 595:598 arg1 test 608:611 a cell culture test 593:611 a cell culture test 593:611 Moreover, a cell culture test was performed in order to determine their cytotoxicity for wound dressing application. 28356126 6 20 theme ultimate 899:906 arg1 strength 916:923 greater ultimate tensile strength 891:923 greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%) 891:959 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 9 21 theme study 1166:1170 arg1 results 1142:1148 results 1142:1148 results of cell culture study 1142:1170 According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. 28356126 3 22 theme mechanical 451:460 arg1 properties 475:484 mechanical and physical properties 451:484 mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres 451:565 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 22 theme mechanical 451:460 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 6 23 theme greater 891:897 arg1 strength 916:923 greater ultimate tensile strength 891:923 greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%) 891:959 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 6 24 dep characteristic 925:938 arg1 % 958:958 mostly 4 and 5 wt% 941:958 mostly 4 and 5 wt% 941:958 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 2 25 theme flow 296:299 arg1 rate 301:304 flow rate 296:304 flow rate 296:304 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 12 26 theme different 1478:1486 arg1 ratio 1488:1492 different ratio 1478:1492 different ratio of starch 1478:1502 Fiber formation was observed for different ratio of starch. 28356126 7 27 dep figured 998:1004 arg1 out 1006:1008 out 1006:1008 out 1006:1008 According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. 28356126 4 28 theme dressing 678:685 arg1 application 687:697 wound dressing application 672:697 wound dressing application 672:697 Moreover, a cell culture test was performed in order to determine their cytotoxicity for wound dressing application. 28356126 3 29 theme scanning 415:422 arg1 microscopy 433:442 scanning electron microscopy 415:442 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 415:448 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 29 theme scanning 415:422 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 29 theme scanning 415:422 arg1 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 2 30 theme marked 324:329 arg1 influence 331:339 a marked influence 322:339 a marked influence 322:339 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 7 31 contain have 1041:1044 arg2 spinnability 1051:1062 good spinnability 1046:1062 good spinnability 1046:1062 According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. 28356126 7 31 contain have 1041:1044 arg1 nanofibers 1019:1028 the nanofibers 1015:1028 the nanofibers fabricated 1015:1039 According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. 28356126 7 31 contain have 1041:1044 arg2 morphology 1068:1077 morphology 1068:1077 morphology 1068:1077 According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. 28356126 4 32 theme wound 672:676 arg1 application 687:697 wound dressing application 672:697 wound dressing application 672:697 Moreover, a cell culture test was performed in order to determine their cytotoxicity for wound dressing application. 28356126 3 33 theme infrared 392:399 arg1 properties 475:484 mechanical and physical properties 451:484 mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres 451:565 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 33 theme infrared 392:399 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 33 theme infrared 392:399 arg1 microscopy 433:442 scanning electron microscopy 415:442 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 415:448 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 7 34 theme good 1046:1049 arg1 spinnability 1051:1062 good spinnability 1046:1062 good spinnability 1046:1062 According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. 28356126 10 35 theme electrospinning 1369:1383 arg1 technique 1385:1393 a co-axial needle electrospinning technique 1351:1393 a co-axial needle electrospinning technique 1351:1393 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 13 36 theme wound 1646:1650 arg1 applications 1661:1672 wound dressing applications 1646:1672 wound dressing applications 1646:1672 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 1 37 theme co-axial 200:207 arg1 technique 232:240 co-axial needle electrospinning technique 200:240 co-axial needle electrospinning technique 200:240 BACKGROUND In this study, starch and polycaprolactone (PCL), composite nanofibers were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 12 38 theme starch 1497:1502 arg1 ratio 1488:1492 different ratio 1478:1492 different ratio of starch 1478:1502 Fiber formation was observed for different ratio of starch. 28356126 1 39 theme composite 160:168 arg1 nanofibers 170:179 composite nanofibers 160:179 composite nanofibers 160:179 BACKGROUND In this study, starch and polycaprolactone (PCL), composite nanofibers were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 1 40 theme needle 209:214 arg1 technique 232:240 co-axial needle electrospinning technique 200:240 co-axial needle electrospinning technique 200:240 BACKGROUND In this study, starch and polycaprolactone (PCL), composite nanofibers were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 0 41 theme electrospinning 44:58 arg1 technique 60:68 co-axial electrospinning technique 35:68 co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications 35:96 Starch/PCL composite nanofibers by co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. 28356126 2 42 theme composite 348:356 arg1 diameter 364:371 the composite fiber diameter 344:371 the composite fiber diameter 344:371 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 5 43 theme starch 722:727 arg1 ratio 729:733 starch ratio 722:733 starch ratio 722:733 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 3 44 theme physical 466:473 arg1 properties 475:484 mechanical and physical properties 451:484 mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres 451:565 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 44 theme physical 466:473 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 1 45 theme electrospinning 216:230 arg1 technique 232:240 co-axial needle electrospinning technique 200:240 co-axial needle electrospinning technique 200:240 BACKGROUND In this study, starch and polycaprolactone (PCL), composite nanofibers were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 0 46 theme co-axial 35:42 arg1 technique 60:68 co-axial electrospinning technique 35:68 co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications 35:96 Starch/PCL composite nanofibers by co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. 28356126 2 47 contain had 318:320 arg1 parameters 254:263 Processing parameters 243:263 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage 243:316 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 47 contain had 318:320 arg2 influence 331:339 a marked influence 322:339 a marked influence 322:339 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 47 contain had 318:320 arg1 voltage 310:316 voltage 310:316 voltage 310:316 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 47 contain had 318:320 arg1 concentration 281:293 polymer concentration 273:293 polymer concentration 273:293 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 47 contain had 318:320 arg1 rate 301:304 flow rate 296:304 flow rate 296:304 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 5 48 theme ratio 729:733 arg1 effect 712:717 The effect 708:717 The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced 708:818 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 3 49 theme electron 424:431 arg1 microscopy 433:442 scanning electron microscopy 415:442 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 415:448 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 49 theme electron 424:431 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 infrared spectroscopy 392:412 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 3 49 theme electron 424:431 arg1 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 6 50 theme wt 956:957 arg1 % 958:958 mostly 4 and 5 wt% 941:958 mostly 4 and 5 wt% 941:958 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 8 51 theme fibers 1105:1110 arg1 diameter 1089:1096 The mean diameter 1080:1096 The mean diameter of the fibers 1080:1110 The mean diameter of the fibers is about 150 nm. 28356126 2 52 theme Processing 243:252 arg1 parameters 254:263 Processing parameters 243:263 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage 243:316 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 52 theme Processing 243:252 arg1 voltage 310:316 voltage 310:316 voltage 310:316 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 52 theme Processing 243:252 arg1 concentration 281:293 polymer concentration 273:293 polymer concentration 273:293 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 52 theme Processing 243:252 arg1 rate 301:304 flow rate 296:304 flow rate 296:304 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 2 53 theme fiber 358:362 arg1 diameter 364:371 the composite fiber diameter 344:371 the composite fiber diameter 344:371 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 5 54 theme fibers 804:809 arg1 properties 758:767 properties 758:767 properties 758:767 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 5 54 theme fibers 804:809 arg1 structure 787:795 morphological structure 773:795 morphological structure 773:795 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 10 55 theme co-axial 1353:1360 arg1 technique 1385:1393 a co-axial needle electrospinning technique 1351:1393 a co-axial needle electrospinning technique 1351:1393 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 8 56 theme mean 1084:1087 arg1 diameter 1089:1096 The mean diameter 1080:1096 The mean diameter of the fibers 1080:1110 The mean diameter of the fibers is about 150 nm. 28356126 6 57 theme concentration 853:865 arg1 values 867:872 lower starch concentration values 840:872 lower starch concentration values 840:872 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 10 58 theme Composite 1291:1299 arg1 nanofibers 1301:1310 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers 1279:1310 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL 1279:1324 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 1 59 dep BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 fabricated 186:195 fabricated 186:195 were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique 181:240 BACKGROUND In this study, starch and polycaprolactone (PCL), composite nanofibers were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 5 60 dep properties 758:767 arg1 the 754:756 the 754:756 the 754:756 RESULTS The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. 28356126 3 61 dep Fourier 374:380 arg1 transform 382:390 transform 382:390 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres 382:565 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 6 62 theme starch 846:851 arg1 values 867:872 lower starch concentration values 840:872 lower starch concentration values 840:872 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 10 63 theme CONCLUSIONS 1279:1289 arg1 nanofibers 1301:1310 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers 1279:1310 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL 1279:1324 CONCLUSIONS Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. 28356126 13 64 theme important 1565:1573 arg1 effectuality 1606:1617 effectuality 1606:1617 effectuality 1606:1617 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 13 64 theme important 1565:1573 arg1 parameters 1575:1584 some important parameters 1560:1584 some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications 1560:1672 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 13 64 theme important 1565:1573 arg1 quality 1594:1600 quality 1594:1600 quality 1594:1600 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 13 65 theme fiber 1627:1631 arg1 effectuality 1606:1617 effectuality 1606:1617 effectuality 1606:1617 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 13 65 theme fiber 1627:1631 arg1 quality 1594:1600 quality 1594:1600 quality 1594:1600 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 6 66 theme lower 840:844 arg1 values 867:872 lower starch concentration values 840:872 lower starch concentration values 840:872 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 3 67 dep properties 475:484 arg1 such 487:490 such 487:490 such 487:490 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. 28356126 2 68 theme polymer 273:279 arg1 concentration 281:293 polymer concentration 273:293 polymer concentration 273:293 Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. 28356126 6 69 contain have 886:889 arg2 strength 916:923 greater ultimate tensile strength 891:923 greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%) 891:959 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 6 69 contain have 886:889 arg1 fibers 879:884 the fibers 875:884 the fibers 875:884 With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). 28356126 13 70 theme dressing 1652:1659 arg1 applications 1661:1672 wound dressing applications 1646:1672 wound dressing applications 1646:1672 With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail. 28356126 0 71 theme biomedical 74:83 arg1 applications 85:96 biomedical applications 74:96 biomedical applications 74:96 Starch/PCL composite nanofibers by co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. 28356126 9 72 theme cell 1263:1266 arg1 viability 1268:1276 the cell viability 1259:1276 the cell viability 1259:1276 According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. 25347288 0 0 theme systems 84:90 arg1 durability 54:63 the durability 50:63 the durability of dentine bonding systems 50:90 Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan to increase the durability of dentine bonding systems. 25347288 5 1 from presence 585:592 arg1 chain 674:678 the polysaccharide chain 655:678 the polysaccharide chain 655:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 6 2 theme bond 878:881 arg1 MPa 963:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 2 theme bond 878:881 arg1 MPa 904:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 2 theme bond 878:881 arg1 strength 883:890 the immediate bond strength 864:890 the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa) 864:966 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 1 3 theme methacrylate-modified 143:163 arg1 chitosan 165:172 a methacrylate-modified chitosan 141:172 a methacrylate-modified chitosan 141:172 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 1 4 theme dental 254:259 arg1 restorations 261:272 dental restorations 254:272 dental restorations 254:272 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 0 5 theme bonding 76:82 arg1 systems 84:90 dentine bonding systems 68:90 dentine bonding systems 68:90 Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan to increase the durability of dentine bonding systems. 25347288 7 6 theme human 1077:1081 arg1 teeth 1083:1087 human teeth 1077:1087 human teeth 1077:1087 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 1 7 theme chitosan 165:172 arg1 effect 131:136 the effect 127:136 the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations 127:272 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 4 8 theme system 547:552 arg1 primer 495:500 a primer 493:500 a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 493:552 Chit-MA70 was blended into a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system and tested on human teeth. 25347288 6 9 theme ± 898:898 arg1 MPa 904:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 9 theme ± 898:898 arg1 strength 883:890 the immediate bond strength 864:890 the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa) 864:966 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 5 10 theme residual 626:633 arg1 charges 644:650 residual positive charges 626:650 residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain 626:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 2 11 mod modified 288:295 arg3 acid 314:317 methacrylic acid 302:317 methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) 302:329 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 2 11 mod modified 288:295 arg3 Chit-MA70 320:328 Chit-MA70 320:328 Chit-MA70 320:328 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 2 11 mod modified 288:295 arg1 Chitosan 275:282 Chitosan 275:282 Chitosan 275:282 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 2 12 theme methacrylic 302:312 arg1 Chit-MA70 320:328 Chit-MA70 320:328 Chit-MA70 320:328 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 2 12 theme methacrylic 302:312 arg1 acid 314:317 methacrylic acid 302:317 methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) 302:329 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 5 13 from chain 674:678 arg1 presence 585:592 The presence 581:592 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain 581:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 5 14 theme positive 635:642 arg1 charges 644:650 residual positive charges 626:650 residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain 626:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 7 15 from decrease 1200:1207 arg1 MPa 1242:1244 28.4 ± 8.8 MPa 1231:1244 28.4 ± 8.8 MPa 1231:1244 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 7 15 from decrease 1200:1207 arg1 strength 1221:1228 the bond strength 1212:1228 the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa) 1212:1245 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 2 16 theme amino 345:349 arg1 groups 351:356 the amino groups 341:356 the amino groups 341:356 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 6 17 theme ± 957:957 arg1 MPa 963:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 17 theme ± 957:957 arg1 strength 883:890 the immediate bond strength 864:890 the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa) 864:966 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 7 18 theme dental 1055:1060 arg1 restoration 1062:1072 the dental restoration 1051:1072 the dental restoration 1051:1072 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 8 19 theme modified 1252:1259 arg1 component 1287:1295 a component 1285:1295 a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations 1285:1396 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 8 19 theme modified 1252:1259 arg1 chitosan 1261:1268 The modified chitosan 1248:1268 The modified chitosan 1248:1268 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 6 20 theme strength 883:890 arg1 values 854:859 values 854:859 values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa) 854:966 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 7 21 theme restoration 1062:1072 arg1 treatment 1038:1046 thermo-mechanical cycling treatment 1012:1046 thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration 1012:1072 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 4 22 theme human 568:572 arg1 teeth 574:578 human teeth 568:578 human teeth 568:578 Chit-MA70 was blended into a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system and tested on human teeth. 25347288 6 23 contain containing 817:826 arg1 Chit-MA70 807:815 The Chit-MA70 803:815 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system 803:845 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 23 contain containing 817:826 arg2 system 840:845 an adhesive system 828:845 an adhesive system 828:845 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 5 24 theme methacrylate 597:608 arg1 moieties 610:617 methacrylate moieties 597:617 methacrylate moieties 597:617 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 1 25 from effect 131:136 arg1 durability 181:190 the durability 177:190 the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations 177:272 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 3 26 theme H 387:387 arg1 spectroscopy 393:404 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 384:404 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 384:404 Viscosity, rheology, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were performed to characterize the modified polysaccharide. 25347288 4 27 theme " 523:523 arg1 system 547:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 Chit-MA70 was blended into a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system and tested on human teeth. 25347288 5 28 theme moieties 610:617 arg1 presence 585:592 The presence 581:592 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain 581:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 3 29 theme NMR 389:391 arg1 spectroscopy 393:404 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 384:404 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 384:404 Viscosity, rheology, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were performed to characterize the modified polysaccharide. 25347288 0 30 theme chitosan 29:36 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan 0:36 Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan to increase the durability of dentine bonding systems. 25347288 4 31 theme etch-and-rinse 509:522 arg1 system 547:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 Chit-MA70 was blended into a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system and tested on human teeth. 25347288 7 32 theme cycling 1030:1036 arg1 treatment 1038:1046 thermo-mechanical cycling treatment 1012:1046 thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration 1012:1072 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 8 33 theme etch-and-rinse 1305:1318 arg1 system 1330:1335 the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system 1300:1335 the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system 1300:1335 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 1 34 theme adhesive 195:202 arg1 interfaces 204:213 adhesive interfaces 195:213 adhesive interfaces 195:213 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 0 35 theme methacrylate-modified 7:27 arg1 chitosan 29:36 methacrylate-modified chitosan 7:36 methacrylate-modified chitosan 7:36 Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan to increase the durability of dentine bonding systems. 25347288 4 36 theme adhesive 538:545 arg1 system 547:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 Chit-MA70 was blended into a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system and tested on human teeth. 25347288 6 37 theme immediate 868:876 arg1 MPa 963:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 37 theme immediate 868:876 arg1 MPa 904:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 37 theme immediate 868:876 arg1 strength 883:890 the immediate bond strength 864:890 the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa) 864:966 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 1 38 theme interfaces 204:213 arg1 durability 181:190 the durability 177:190 the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations 177:272 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 4 39 theme experimental 525:536 arg1 system 547:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system 505:552 Chit-MA70 was blended into a primer of an "etch-and-rinse" experimental adhesive system and tested on human teeth. 25347288 6 40 theme adhesive 935:942 arg1 system 944:949 the control adhesive system 923:949 the control adhesive system 923:949 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 5 41 theme restorative 724:734 arg1 material 736:743 the restorative material 720:743 the restorative material 720:743 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 6 42 theme control 927:933 arg1 system 944:949 the control adhesive system 923:949 the control adhesive system 923:949 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 1 43 theme restorations 261:272 arg1 performance 239:249 the clinical performance 226:249 the clinical performance of dental restorations 226:272 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 8 44 theme dental 1378:1383 arg1 restorations 1385:1396 dental restorations 1378:1396 dental restorations 1378:1396 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 7 45 theme methacrylate-modified 1112:1132 arg1 chitosan 1134:1141 the methacrylate-modified chitosan 1108:1141 the methacrylate-modified chitosan 1108:1141 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 7 46 theme ± 1236:1236 arg1 MPa 1242:1244 28.4 ± 8.8 MPa 1231:1244 28.4 ± 8.8 MPa 1231:1244 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 7 46 theme ± 1236:1236 arg1 strength 1221:1228 the bond strength 1212:1228 the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa) 1212:1245 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 5 47 theme demineralized 781:793 arg1 dentin 795:800 demineralized dentin 781:800 demineralized dentin 781:800 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 5 48 theme charges 644:650 arg1 presence 585:592 The presence 581:592 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain 581:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 8 49 theme adhesive 1321:1328 arg1 system 1330:1335 the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system 1300:1335 the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system 1300:1335 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 7 50 theme thermo-mechanical 1012:1028 arg1 treatment 1038:1046 thermo-mechanical cycling treatment 1012:1046 thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration 1012:1072 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 7 51 with adhesive 1094:1101 arg1 chitosan 1134:1141 the methacrylate-modified chitosan 1108:1141 the methacrylate-modified chitosan 1108:1141 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 7 52 dep adhesive 1173:1180 arg1 variance 1147:1154 variance 1147:1154 variance 1147:1154 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 8 53 theme " 1319:1319 arg1 system 1330:1335 the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system 1300:1335 the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system 1300:1335 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 6 54 theme comparable 909:918 arg1 MPa 963:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 25.5 ± 8.7 MPa 952:965 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 54 theme comparable 909:918 arg1 MPa 904:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 26.0 ± 8.7 MPa 893:906 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 6 54 theme comparable 909:918 arg1 strength 883:890 the immediate bond strength 864:890 the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa) 864:966 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 8 55 theme restorations 1385:1396 arg1 durability 1364:1373 the durability 1360:1373 the durability of dental restorations 1360:1396 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 3 56 theme modified 441:448 arg1 polysaccharide 450:463 the modified polysaccharide 437:463 the modified polysaccharide 437:463 Viscosity, rheology, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were performed to characterize the modified polysaccharide. 25347288 5 57 theme polysaccharide 659:672 arg1 chain 674:678 the polysaccharide chain 655:678 the polysaccharide chain 655:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 6 58 theme adhesive 831:838 arg1 system 840:845 an adhesive system 828:845 an adhesive system 828:845 The Chit-MA70 containing an adhesive system showed values of the immediate bond strength (26.0 ± 8.7 MPa) comparable to the control adhesive system (25.5 ± 8.7 MPa). 25347288 8 59 theme system 1330:1335 arg1 component 1287:1295 a component 1285:1295 a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations 1285:1396 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 8 59 theme system 1330:1335 arg1 chitosan 1261:1268 The modified chitosan 1248:1268 The modified chitosan 1248:1268 The modified chitosan is proposed as a component of the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system to efficiently improve the durability of dental restorations. 25347288 7 60 theme bond 1216:1219 arg1 MPa 1242:1244 28.4 ± 8.8 MPa 1231:1244 28.4 ± 8.8 MPa 1231:1244 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 7 60 theme bond 1216:1219 arg1 strength 1221:1228 the bond strength 1212:1228 the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa) 1212:1245 However, it was shown that upon performing thermo-mechanical cycling treatment of the dental restoration on human teeth, the adhesive with the methacrylate-modified chitosan, in variance with the control adhesive, did not show any decrease in the bond strength (28.4 ± 8.8 MPa). 25347288 1 61 theme clinical 230:237 arg1 performance 239:249 the clinical performance 226:249 the clinical performance of dental restorations 226:272 This study aimed at investigating the effect of a methacrylate-modified chitosan on the durability of adhesive interfaces to improve the clinical performance of dental restorations. 25347288 0 62 theme dentine 68:74 arg1 systems 84:90 dentine bonding systems 68:90 dentine bonding systems 68:90 Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan to increase the durability of dentine bonding systems. 25347288 5 63 from charges 644:650 arg1 chain 674:678 the polysaccharide chain 655:678 the polysaccharide chain 655:678 The presence of methacrylate moieties and of residual positive charges on the polysaccharide chain allowed Chit-MA70 to covalently bind to the restorative material and electrostatically interact with demineralized dentin. 25347288 2 64 theme groups 351:356 arg1 % 336:336 16% 334:336 16% of the amino groups 334:356 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 25347288 2 64 theme groups 351:356 arg1 groups 351:356 the amino groups 341:356 the amino groups 341:356 Chitosan was modified with methacrylic acid (Chit-MA70) on 16% of the amino groups. 27545407 4 0 theme X-ray 519:523 arg1 diffraction 525:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction 507:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction 507:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 5 1 theme composite 693:701 arg1 nanofabrics 703:713 organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics 675:713 organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability 675:764 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 4 2 theme intercalated 616:627 arg1 type 629:632 an intercalated type 613:632 an intercalated type 613:632 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 5 3 theme cell 839:842 arg1 evaluation 854:863 cell cytotoxic evaluation 839:863 cell cytotoxic evaluation 839:863 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 5 4 with nanofabrics 703:713 arg1 stability 737:745 enhanced thermal stability 720:745 enhanced thermal stability 720:745 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 5 4 with nanofabrics 703:713 arg1 viability 756:764 cell viability 751:764 cell viability 751:764 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 2 5 theme vinyl 281:285 arg1 poly 275:278 poly 275:278 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 2 5 theme vinyl 281:285 arg1 alcohol 287:293 vinyl alcohol 281:293 vinyl alcohol 281:293 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 6 6 theme High 888:891 arg1 content 893:899 High content 888:899 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics 888:937 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 2 7 theme -Pectin 301:307 arg1 solution 327:334 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 5 8 theme enhanced 720:727 arg1 stability 737:745 enhanced thermal stability 720:745 enhanced thermal stability 720:745 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 3 9 theme X-ray 448:452 arg1 spectroscopy 454:465 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 430:465 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 430:465 REC was successfully introduced to the polymer composite nanofabrics, which was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. 27545407 4 10 from REC 554:556 arg1 nanofabrics 586:596 PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics 561:596 PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics 561:596 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 4 11 theme angel 513:517 arg1 diffraction 525:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction 507:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction 507:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 6 12 theme cell 995:998 arg1 viability 1000:1008 the cell viability 991:1008 the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics 991:1037 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 0 13 theme based 7:11 arg1 nanofabrics 23:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics 0:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics 0:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics incorporated with layered silicate and their cytotoxicity. 27545407 4 14 theme Small 507:511 arg1 diffraction 525:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction 507:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction 507:535 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 1 15 theme Pectin 94:99 arg1 nanofabrics 125:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics 94:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) 94:169 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) were fabricated via electrospinning. 27545407 6 16 from content 893:899 arg1 nanofabrics 927:937 composite nanofabrics 917:937 composite nanofabrics 917:937 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 0 17 theme Pectin 0:5 arg1 nanofabrics 23:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics 0:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics 0:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics incorporated with layered silicate and their cytotoxicity. 27545407 5 18 theme organic-inorganic 675:691 arg1 nanofabrics 703:713 organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics 675:713 organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability 675:764 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 1 19 theme based 101:105 arg1 nanofabrics 125:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics 94:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) 94:169 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) were fabricated via electrospinning. 27545407 3 20 theme Energy-dispersive 430:446 arg1 spectroscopy 454:465 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 430:465 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 430:465 REC was successfully introduced to the polymer composite nanofabrics, which was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. 27545407 6 21 theme nanofabrics 1027:1037 arg1 viability 1000:1008 the cell viability 991:1008 the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics 991:1037 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 1 22 theme composite 107:115 arg1 nanofabrics 125:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics 94:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) 94:169 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) were fabricated via electrospinning. 27545407 3 23 theme polymer 376:382 arg1 nanofabrics 394:404 the polymer composite nanofabrics 372:404 the polymer composite nanofabrics 372:404 REC was successfully introduced to the polymer composite nanofabrics, which was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. 27545407 6 24 theme composite 1017:1025 arg1 nanofabrics 1027:1037 the composite nanofabrics 1013:1037 the composite nanofabrics 1013:1037 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 6 25 theme composite 917:925 arg1 nanofabrics 927:937 composite nanofabrics 917:937 composite nanofabrics 917:937 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 1 26 theme polymer 117:123 arg1 nanofabrics 125:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics 94:135 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) 94:169 Pectin based composite polymer nanofabrics incorporated with rectorite (REC) were fabricated via electrospinning. 27545407 5 27 theme cytotoxic 844:852 arg1 evaluation 854:863 cell cytotoxic evaluation 839:863 cell cytotoxic evaluation 839:863 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 0 28 theme composite 13:21 arg1 nanofabrics 23:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics 0:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics 0:33 Pectin based composite nanofabrics incorporated with layered silicate and their cytotoxicity. 27545407 5 29 dep analysis 826:833 arg1 results 865:871 results 865:871 results 865:871 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 4 30 dep demonstrated 537:548 arg1 neither 602:608 neither 602:608 neither 602:608 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 5 31 theme thermal 729:735 arg1 stability 737:745 enhanced thermal stability 720:745 enhanced thermal stability 720:745 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 0 32 theme layered 53:59 arg1 silicate 61:68 layered silicate 53:68 layered silicate 53:68 Pectin based composite nanofabrics incorporated with layered silicate and their cytotoxicity. 27545407 4 33 theme composite 576:584 arg1 nanofabrics 586:596 PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics 561:596 PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics 561:596 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 4 34 theme PVA-Pectin-REC 561:574 arg1 nanofabrics 586:596 PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics 561:596 PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics 561:596 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 2 35 theme uniform 223:229 arg1 nanofibers 231:240 Continuous and uniform nanofibers 208:240 Continuous and uniform nanofibers 208:240 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 5 36 theme cell 751:754 arg1 viability 756:764 cell viability 751:764 cell viability 751:764 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 6 37 theme REC 904:906 arg1 content 893:899 High content 888:899 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics 888:937 High content of REC (≥1%) in composite nanofabrics could obviously reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the cell viability of the composite nanofabrics. 27545407 3 38 dep Fourier 471:477 arg1 transform 479:487 transform 479:487 transform infrared spectra 479:504 REC was successfully introduced to the polymer composite nanofabrics, which was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. 27545407 2 39 theme composite 317:325 arg1 solution 327:334 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 5 40 theme thermo-gravimetric 807:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 thermo-gravimetric analysis 807:833 thermo-gravimetric analysis 807:833 And organic-inorganic composite nanofabrics with enhanced thermal stability and cell viability were obtained, which was demonstrated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and cell cytotoxic evaluation results, respectively. 27545407 2 41 theme Continuous 208:217 arg1 nanofibers 231:240 Continuous and uniform nanofibers 208:240 Continuous and uniform nanofibers 208:240 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 3 42 dep transform 479:487 arg1 infrared 489:496 infrared 489:496 transform infrared spectra 479:504 REC was successfully introduced to the polymer composite nanofabrics, which was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. 27545407 4 43 theme exfoliated 654:663 arg1 type 665:668 a completely exfoliated type 641:668 a completely exfoliated type 641:668 Small angel X-ray diffraction demonstrated the REC in PVA-Pectin-REC composite nanofabrics was neither of an intercalated type nor of a completely exfoliated type. 27545407 2 44 theme poly 275:278 arg1 solution 327:334 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution 275:334 Continuous and uniform nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-Pectin (80/20) composite solution. 27545407 3 45 theme composite 384:392 arg1 nanofabrics 394:404 the polymer composite nanofabrics 372:404 the polymer composite nanofabrics 372:404 REC was successfully introduced to the polymer composite nanofabrics, which was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. 26471520 6 0 theme infant 1020:1025 arg1 formula 1027:1033 infant formula 1020:1033 infant formula 1020:1033 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 1 1 theme prebiotic 148:156 arg1 oligosaccharides 158:173 prebiotic oligosaccharides 148:173 prebiotic oligosaccharides 148:173 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 1 1 theme prebiotic 148:156 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 221:242 fructooligosaccharides 221:242 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 221:248 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 1 1 theme prebiotic 148:156 arg1 galactooligosaccharides 184:206 galactooligosaccharides 184:206 galactooligosaccharides (GOS) 184:212 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 0 2 from Quantification 0:13 arg1 formulas 50:57 commercial infant formulas 32:57 commercial infant formulas 32:57 Quantification of prebiotics in commercial infant formulas. 26471520 4 3 theme 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g 794:816 arg1 ranges 762:767 the ranges 758:767 the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively 758:841 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 3 4 theme chromatographic 495:509 arg1 methods 511:517 two chromatographic methods 491:517 two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 491:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 1 5 theme similar 259:265 arg1 effects 267:273 similar effects 259:273 similar effects 259:273 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 5 6 theme HPLC-RID 844:851 arg1 analysis 853:860 HPLC-RID analysis 844:860 HPLC-RID analysis 844:860 HPLC-RID analysis allowed quantification of maltodextrins with degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19. 26471520 4 7 theme 1.6-5.0 772:778 arg1 ranges 762:767 the ranges 758:767 the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively 758:841 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 5 8 dep 19 943:944 arg1 up 937:938 up 937:938 up 937:938 HPLC-RID analysis allowed quantification of maltodextrins with degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19. 26471520 4 9 theme FOS 730:732 arg1 content 719:725 the content 715:725 the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS 715:749 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 3 10 from formulas 610:617 arg1 present 581:587 present 581:587 present 581:587 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 6 11 theme quality 1001:1007 arg1 control 1009:1015 routine quality control 993:1015 routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics 993:1082 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 4 12 theme 1.7-3.2 781:787 arg1 ranges 762:767 the ranges 758:767 the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively 758:841 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 3 13 from present 581:587 arg1 formulas 610:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 6 14 theme routine 993:999 arg1 control 1009:1015 routine quality control 993:1015 routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics 993:1082 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 5 15 theme maltodextrins 888:900 arg1 quantification 870:883 quantification 870:883 quantification of maltodextrins with degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19 870:944 HPLC-RID analysis allowed quantification of maltodextrins with degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19. 26471520 6 16 contain containing 1062:1071 arg1 formula 1027:1033 infant formula 1020:1033 infant formula 1020:1033 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 6 16 contain containing 1062:1071 arg2 prebiotics 1073:1082 prebiotics 1073:1082 prebiotics 1073:1082 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 6 17 used used 984:987 arg2 methodology 951:961 The methodology 947:961 The methodology proposed here 947:975 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 3 18 theme methods 511:517 arg1 use 484:486 the combined use 471:486 the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 471:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 0 19 theme prebiotics 18:27 arg1 Quantification 0:13 Quantification 0:13 Quantification of prebiotics in commercial infant formulas. 0:58 Quantification of prebiotics in commercial infant formulas. 26471520 3 20 theme infant 603:608 arg1 formulas 610:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 1 21 theme infant 104:109 arg1 IFs 121:123 IFs 121:123 IFs 121:123 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 1 21 theme infant 104:109 arg1 formulas 111:118 infant formulas 104:118 infant formulas (IFs) 104:124 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 3 22 dep methods 511:517 arg1 HPLC-RID 531:538 HPLC-RID 531:538 HPLC-RID 531:538 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 3 22 dep methods 511:517 arg1 GC-FID 520:525 GC-FID 520:525 GC-FID 520:525 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 0 23 theme infant 43:48 arg1 formulas 50:57 commercial infant formulas 32:57 commercial infant formulas 32:57 Quantification of prebiotics in commercial infant formulas. 26471520 4 24 contain containing 692:701 arg1 products 683:690 products 683:690 products containing prebiotics 683:712 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 4 24 contain containing 692:701 arg2 prebiotics 703:712 prebiotics 703:712 prebiotics 703:712 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 0 25 theme commercial 32:41 arg1 formulas 50:57 commercial infant formulas 32:57 commercial infant formulas 32:57 Quantification of prebiotics in commercial infant formulas. 26471520 1 26 theme breast 291:296 arg1 milk 298:301 the breast milk 287:301 the breast milk 287:301 Since breastfeeding is not always possible, infant formulas (IFs) are supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to exert similar effects to those of the breast milk. 26471520 3 27 theme commercial 592:601 arg1 formulas 610:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 5 28 theme polymerization 917:930 arg1 degree 907:912 degree 907:912 degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19 907:944 HPLC-RID analysis allowed quantification of maltodextrins with degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19. 26471520 2 29 theme great 316:320 arg1 disposal 377:384 disposal 377:384 disposal 377:384 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 2 29 theme great 316:320 arg1 number 322:327 a great number 314:327 a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics 314:371 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 4 30 theme product 821:827 arg1 product 821:827 product 821:827 product 821:827 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 4 30 theme product 821:827 arg1 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g 794:816 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g 794:816 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g 794:816 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 6 31 theme ingredients 1050:1060 arg1 control 1009:1015 routine quality control 993:1015 routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics 993:1082 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 3 32 attach present 581:587 arg2 carbohydrates 567:579 carbohydrates 567:579 carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 567:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 3 32 attach present 581:587 arg1 formulas 610:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 commercial infant formulas 592:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 3 33 used used 629:632 arg2 use 484:486 the combined use 471:486 the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 471:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 4 34 theme GOS 735:737 arg1 content 719:725 the content 715:725 the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS 715:749 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 3 35 theme carbohydrates 567:579 arg1 quantification 549:562 the quantification 545:562 the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 545:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 6 36 theme food 1045:1048 arg1 ingredients 1050:1060 other food ingredients 1039:1060 other food ingredients 1039:1060 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 6 37 theme other 1039:1043 arg1 ingredients 1050:1060 other food ingredients 1039:1060 other food ingredients 1039:1060 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 3 38 theme present 581:587 arg1 carbohydrates 567:579 carbohydrates 567:579 carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 567:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 26471520 2 39 theme infant 332:337 arg1 formulas 339:346 infant formulas 332:346 infant formulas enriched with prebiotics 332:371 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 6 40 theme formula 1027:1033 arg1 control 1009:1015 routine quality control 993:1015 routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics 993:1082 The methodology proposed here may be used for routine quality control of infant formula and other food ingredients containing prebiotics. 26471520 4 41 theme GOS/FOS 743:749 arg1 content 719:725 the content 715:725 the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS 715:749 According to the results obtained by GC-FID for products containing prebiotics, the content of FOS, GOS and GOS/FOS was in the ranges of 1.6-5.0, 1.7-3.2, and 0.08-0.25/2.3-3.8g/100g of product, respectively. 26471520 2 42 from disposal 377:384 arg1 market 393:398 the market 389:398 the market 389:398 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 2 43 theme formulas 339:346 arg1 disposal 377:384 disposal 377:384 disposal 377:384 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 2 43 theme formulas 339:346 arg1 number 322:327 a great number 314:327 a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics 314:371 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 5 44 with maltodextrins 888:900 arg1 degree 907:912 degree 907:912 degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19 907:944 HPLC-RID analysis allowed quantification of maltodextrins with degree of polymerization (DP) up to 19. 26471520 2 45 from market 393:398 arg1 number 322:327 a great number 314:327 a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics 314:371 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 2 45 from market 393:398 arg1 disposal 377:384 disposal 377:384 disposal 377:384 Nowadays, a great number of infant formulas enriched with prebiotics are disposal in the market, however there are scarce data about their composition. 26471520 3 46 theme combined 475:482 arg1 use 484:486 the combined use 471:486 the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas 471:617 In this study, the combined use of two chromatographic methods (GC-FID and HPLC-RID) for the quantification of carbohydrates present in commercial infant formulas have been used. 25084043 7 0 theme first 717:721 arg1 confirmation 723:734 the first confirmation 713:734 the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production 713:817 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 7 0 theme first 717:721 arg1 This 705:708 This 705:708 This 705:708 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 2 1 used used 354:357 arg2 curvatus 340:347 Cryptococcus curvatus 327:347 Cryptococcus curvatus 327:347 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 1 used used 354:357 arg2 yeast 320:324 oleaginous yeast 309:324 oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) 309:348 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 1 2 theme biomass 136:142 arg1 " 143:143 the third generation biomass" 115:143 the third generation biomass" 115:143 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 0 3 theme biodiesel 14:22 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae 0:56 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae, Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 4 dep Laminaria 409:417 arg1 japonica 419:426 Laminaria japonica 409:426 Laminaria japonica 409:426 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 5 theme oleaginous 309:318 arg1 yeast 320:324 oleaginous yeast 309:324 oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) 309:348 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 5 theme oleaginous 309:318 arg1 curvatus 340:347 Cryptococcus curvatus 327:347 Cryptococcus curvatus 327:347 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 5 6 theme highest 605:611 arg1 content 619:625 The highest lipid content 601:625 The highest lipid content 601:625 The highest lipid content was 48.30%. 25084043 5 6 theme highest 605:611 arg1 % 636:636 48.30% 631:636 48.30% 631:636 The highest lipid content was 48.30%. 25084043 3 7 theme alginate 490:497 arg1 fermentation 474:485 fermentation 474:485 fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica 474:524 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica. 25084043 7 8 theme biodiesel 798:806 arg1 production 808:817 biodiesel production 798:817 biodiesel production 798:817 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 5 9 theme lipid 613:617 arg1 content 619:625 The highest lipid content 601:625 The highest lipid content 601:625 The highest lipid content was 48.30%. 25084043 5 9 theme lipid 613:617 arg1 % 636:636 48.30% 631:636 48.30% 631:636 The highest lipid content was 48.30%. 25084043 7 10 theme carbon 780:785 arg1 macroalgae 764:773 macroalgae 764:773 macroalgae 764:773 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 7 10 theme carbon 780:785 arg1 source 787:792 a carbon source 778:792 a carbon source for biodiesel production 778:817 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 3 11 theme Volatile 429:436 arg1 VFAs 451:454 VFAs 451:454 VFAs 451:454 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica. 25084043 3 11 theme Volatile 429:436 arg1 acids 444:448 Volatile fatty acids 429:448 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) 429:455 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica. 25084043 0 12 from sources 36:42 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae 0:56 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae, Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 13 attach derived 396:402 arg1 Laminaria 409:417 Laminaria 409:417 Laminaria 409:417 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 13 attach derived 396:402 arg2 sources 388:394 carbon sources 381:394 carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica 381:426 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 1 14 theme Laminaria 146:154 arg1 japonica 156:163 Laminaria japonica 146:163 Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) 146:199 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 1 15 theme aquatic 82:88 arg1 biomass 90:96 aquatic biomass 82:96 aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass" 82:143 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 0 16 dep Laminaria 59:67 arg1 japonica 69:76 Laminaria japonica 59:76 Laminaria japonica 59:76 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae, Laminaria japonica. 25084043 0 16 dep Laminaria 59:67 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae 0:56 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae, Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 17 theme carbon 381:386 arg1 sources 388:394 carbon sources 381:394 carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica 381:426 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 1 18 theme main 249:252 arg1 polysaccharides 254:268 the main polysaccharides 245:268 the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates 245:291 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 1 18 theme main 249:252 arg1 alginate 226:233 alginate 226:233 alginate 226:233 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 1 18 theme main 249:252 arg1 mannitol 213:220 mannitol 213:220 mannitol 213:220 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 3 19 theme L. 514:515 arg1 japonica 517:524 L. japonica 514:524 L. japonica 514:524 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica. 25084043 7 20 theme feasibility 743:753 arg1 confirmation 723:734 the first confirmation 713:734 the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production 713:817 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 7 20 theme feasibility 743:753 arg1 This 705:708 This 705:708 This 705:708 This is the first confirmation of the feasibility of using macroalgae as a carbon source for biodiesel production. 25084043 1 21 theme third 119:123 arg1 " 143:143 the third generation biomass" 115:143 the third generation biomass" 115:143 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 1 22 dep japonica 156:163 arg1 known 171:175 known 171:175 known as Saccharina japonica 171:198 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 0 23 theme carbon 29:34 arg1 sources 36:42 carbon sources 29:42 carbon sources of macroalgae 29:56 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae, Laminaria japonica. 25084043 1 24 theme Saccharina 180:189 arg1 japonica 191:198 Saccharina japonica 180:198 Saccharina japonica 180:198 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 0 25 theme macroalgae 47:56 arg1 sources 36:42 carbon sources 29:42 carbon sources of macroalgae 29:56 Production of biodiesel from carbon sources of macroalgae, Laminaria japonica. 25084043 1 26 theme algal 273:277 arg1 carbohydrates 279:291 algal carbohydrates 273:291 algal carbohydrates 273:291 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 6 27 theme vegetable 689:697 arg1 oils 699:702 vegetable oils 689:702 vegetable oils 689:702 The composition of the fatty acids was similar to vegetable oils. 25084043 1 28 theme carbohydrates 279:291 arg1 polysaccharides 254:268 the main polysaccharides 245:268 the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates 245:291 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 1 28 theme carbohydrates 279:291 arg1 alginate 226:233 alginate 226:233 alginate 226:233 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 1 28 theme carbohydrates 279:291 arg1 mannitol 213:220 mannitol 213:220 mannitol 213:220 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 4 29 dep culture 571:577 arg1 yeast 594:598 the oleaginous yeast 579:598 the oleaginous yeast 579:598 Thereafter, mannitol was mixed with VFAs to culture the oleaginous yeast. 25084043 3 30 theme fatty 438:442 arg1 VFAs 451:454 VFAs 451:454 VFAs 451:454 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica. 25084043 3 30 theme fatty 438:442 arg1 acids 444:448 Volatile fatty acids 429:448 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) 429:455 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by fermentation of alginate extracted from L. japonica. 25084043 4 31 theme oleaginous 583:592 arg1 yeast 594:598 the oleaginous yeast 579:598 the oleaginous yeast 579:598 Thereafter, mannitol was mixed with VFAs to culture the oleaginous yeast. 25084043 6 32 theme acids 668:672 arg1 composition 643:653 The composition 639:653 The composition of the fatty acids 639:672 The composition of the fatty acids was similar to vegetable oils. 25084043 6 32 theme acids 668:672 arg1 similar 678:684 similar 678:684 similar 678:684 The composition of the fatty acids was similar to vegetable oils. 25084043 2 33 theme Cryptococcus 327:338 arg1 yeast 320:324 oleaginous yeast 309:324 oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) 309:348 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 2 33 theme Cryptococcus 327:338 arg1 curvatus 340:347 Cryptococcus curvatus 327:347 Cryptococcus curvatus 327:347 In this study, oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus) was used to produce lipid from carbon sources derived from Laminaria japonica. 25084043 1 34 dep known 171:175 arg1 also 166:169 also 166:169 also 166:169 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 25084043 6 35 theme fatty 662:666 arg1 acids 668:672 the fatty acids 658:672 the fatty acids 658:672 The composition of the fatty acids was similar to vegetable oils. 25084043 1 36 theme generation 125:134 arg1 " 143:143 the third generation biomass" 115:143 the third generation biomass" 115:143 As aquatic biomass which is called "the third generation biomass", Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) consists of mannitol and alginate which are the main polysaccharides of algal carbohydrates. 26895504 0 0 from accessibility 7:19 arg1 nanoparticles 56:68 magnetic nanoparticles 47:68 magnetic nanoparticles 47:68 On the accessibility of surface-bound drugs on magnetic nanoparticles. 26895504 3 1 theme elemental 546:554 arg1 composition 556:566 the elemental composition 542:566 the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles 542:595 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 7 2 dep free- 903:907 arg1 drugs 933:937 oxide-attached drugs 918:937 oxide-attached drugs 918:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 2 3 from formation 357:365 arg1 them 320:323 them 320:323 them 320:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 4 4 theme nanoparticles 667:679 arg1 structures 641:650 ordered structures 633:650 ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles 633:679 Scanning electron microscopy shows ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 2 5 theme β-cyclodextrin-complex 334:355 arg1 formation 357:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation 330:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs 330:378 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 8 6 theme drugs-β-cyclodextrin 1008:1027 arg1 binding 1029:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 2 7 from nanoparticles 251:263 arg1 them 320:323 them 320:323 them 320:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 4 8 theme drug-loaded 655:665 arg1 nanoparticles 667:679 drug-loaded nanoparticles 655:679 drug-loaded nanoparticles 655:679 Scanning electron microscopy shows ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 2 9 theme drugs 374:378 arg1 behavior 290:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 9 theme drugs 374:378 arg1 formation 357:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation 330:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs 330:378 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 9 theme drugs 374:378 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 9 theme drugs 374:378 arg1 loading 300:306 loading 300:306 loading of drugs on them 300:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 5 10 theme fluorescence 708:719 arg1 spectroscopy 721:732 fluorescence spectroscopy 708:732 fluorescence spectroscopy 708:732 UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to study the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 6 11 theme 1:1 833:835 arg1 complexes 848:856 1:1 host-guest complexes 833:856 1:1 host-guest complexes 833:856 All of the drugs form 1:1 host-guest complexes. 26895504 2 12 theme drugs 311:315 arg1 behavior 290:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 12 theme drugs 311:315 arg1 formation 357:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation 330:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs 330:378 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 12 theme drugs 311:315 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 12 theme drugs 311:315 arg1 loading 300:306 loading 300:306 loading of drugs on them 300:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 8 13 theme binding 957:963 arg1 smaller 1041:1047 smaller 1041:1047 smaller 1041:1047 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 8 13 theme binding 957:963 arg1 strengths 965:973 The binding strengths 953:973 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 953:1035 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 3 14 theme sample 466:471 arg1 magnetometry 473:484 vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 456:521 magnetometry 473:484 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 3 15 dep behavior 430:437 arg1 studied 442:448 studied 442:448 is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 439:521 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 3 16 theme nanoparticles 583:595 arg1 composition 556:566 the elemental composition 542:566 the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles 542:595 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 8 17 theme surface-loaded 993:1006 arg1 binding 1029:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 1 18 theme drugs 88:92 arg1 Encapsulation 71:83 Encapsulation 71:83 Encapsulation of drugs 71:92 Encapsulation of drugs loaded on modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 2 19 theme nanoparticles 402:414 arg1 surface 387:393 the surface 383:393 the surface of the nanoparticles 383:414 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 20 from behavior 290:297 arg1 them 320:323 them 320:323 them 320:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 3 21 theme vibrating 456:464 arg1 magnetometry 473:484 vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 456:521 magnetometry 473:484 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 4 22 theme electron 607:614 arg1 microscopy 616:625 Scanning electron microscopy 598:625 Scanning electron microscopy 598:625 Scanning electron microscopy shows ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 8 23 theme iron 982:985 arg1 binding 1029:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 3 24 theme photoelectron 496:508 arg1 spectroscopy 510:521 vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 456:521 spectroscopy 510:521 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 4 25 theme ordered 633:639 arg1 structures 641:650 ordered structures 633:650 ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles 633:679 Scanning electron microscopy shows ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 3 26 theme drug-loaded 571:581 arg1 nanoparticles 583:595 drug-loaded nanoparticles 571:595 drug-loaded nanoparticles 571:595 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 1 27 theme modified 104:111 arg1 oxide 151:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide 104:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin 104:173 Encapsulation of drugs loaded on modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 2 28 from loading 300:306 arg1 them 320:323 them 320:323 them 320:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 7 29 theme oxide-attached 918:931 arg1 drugs 933:937 oxide-attached drugs 918:937 oxide-attached drugs 918:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 0 30 theme drugs 38:42 arg1 accessibility 7:19 the accessibility 3:19 the accessibility of surface-bound drugs on magnetic nanoparticles 3:68 On the accessibility of surface-bound drugs on magnetic nanoparticles. 26895504 7 31 theme fluorescence 887:898 arg1 quenching 874:882 The iodide ion quenching 859:882 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs 859:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 3 32 used used 526:529 arg2 behavior 430:437 The magnetic behavior 417:437 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 417:521 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 7 33 theme iron 913:916 arg1 fluorescence 887:898 fluorescence 887:898 fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs 887:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 0 34 theme surface-bound 24:36 arg1 drugs 38:42 surface-bound drugs 24:42 surface-bound drugs 24:42 On the accessibility of surface-bound drugs on magnetic nanoparticles. 26895504 7 35 theme ion 870:872 arg1 quenching 874:882 The iodide ion quenching 859:882 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs 859:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 3 36 theme X-ray 490:494 arg1 spectroscopy 510:521 vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 456:521 spectroscopy 510:521 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 0 37 theme magnetic 47:54 arg1 nanoparticles 56:68 magnetic nanoparticles 47:68 magnetic nanoparticles 47:68 On the accessibility of surface-bound drugs on magnetic nanoparticles. 26895504 7 38 theme free- 903:907 arg1 fluorescence 887:898 fluorescence 887:898 fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs 887:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 8 39 theme binding 1029:1035 arg1 smaller 1041:1047 smaller 1041:1047 smaller 1041:1047 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 8 39 theme binding 1029:1035 arg1 strengths 965:973 The binding strengths 953:973 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 953:1035 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 1 40 theme dextran-coated 113:126 arg1 oxide 151:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide 104:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin 104:173 Encapsulation of drugs loaded on modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 4 41 theme Scanning 598:605 arg1 microscopy 616:625 Scanning electron microscopy 598:625 Scanning electron microscopy 598:625 Scanning electron microscopy shows ordered structures of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 2 42 theme iron 240:243 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 43 theme oxide 245:249 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 6 44 theme host-guest 837:846 arg1 complexes 848:856 1:1 host-guest complexes 833:856 1:1 host-guest complexes 833:856 All of the drugs form 1:1 host-guest complexes. 26895504 1 45 theme superparamagnetic 128:144 arg1 oxide 151:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide 104:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin 104:173 Encapsulation of drugs loaded on modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 2 46 from drugs 311:315 arg1 them 320:323 them 320:323 them 320:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 7 47 theme iodide 863:868 arg1 quenching 874:882 The iodide ion quenching 859:882 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs 859:937 The iodide ion quenching of fluorescence of free- and iron oxide-attached drugs are compared. 26895504 5 48 theme surface-loaded 771:784 arg1 drugs 786:790 the surface-loaded drugs 767:790 the surface-loaded drugs 767:790 UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to study the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 2 49 theme aminoethylaminodextran-coated 210:238 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 5 50 theme UV-visible 682:691 arg1 absorption 693:702 UV-visible absorption 682:702 UV-visible absorption 682:702 UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to study the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 1 51 theme iron 146:149 arg1 oxide 151:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide 104:155 modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin 104:173 Encapsulation of drugs loaded on modified dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide by β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 5 52 theme drugs 786:790 arg1 binding 756:762 the binding 752:762 the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin 752:808 UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to study the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 2 53 from them 320:323 arg1 behavior 290:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 53 from them 320:323 arg1 formation 357:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation 330:365 the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs 330:378 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 53 from them 320:323 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles 210:263 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 2 53 from them 320:323 arg1 loading 300:306 loading 300:306 loading of drugs on them 300:323 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 5 54 used used 738:741 arg2 absorption 693:702 UV-visible absorption 682:702 UV-visible absorption 682:702 UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to study the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 5 54 used used 738:741 arg2 spectroscopy 721:732 fluorescence spectroscopy 708:732 fluorescence spectroscopy 708:732 UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to study the binding of the surface-loaded drugs to β-cyclodextrin. 26895504 2 55 theme drugs 201:205 arg1 loading 190:196 the loading 186:196 the loading of drugs 186:205 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 8 56 theme oxide 987:991 arg1 binding 1029:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding 978:1035 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 26895504 3 57 theme magnetic 421:428 arg1 behavior 430:437 The magnetic behavior 417:437 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 417:521 The magnetic behavior is studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the elemental composition of drug-loaded nanoparticles. 26895504 2 58 theme superparamagnetic 272:288 arg1 behavior 290:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 their superparamagnetic behavior 266:297 We report the loading of drugs on aminoethylaminodextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their superparamagnetic behavior, loading of drugs on them, and the β-cyclodextrin-complex formation of the drugs on the surface of the nanoparticles. 26895504 8 59 theme free 1067:1070 arg1 drugs 1072:1076 the free drugs 1063:1076 the free drugs 1063:1076 The binding strengths of the iron oxide surface-loaded drugs-β-cyclodextrin binding are smaller than those of the free drugs. 29040808 4 0 theme Diels-Alder 891:901 arg1 chemistry 903:911 Diels-Alder chemistry 891:911 Diels-Alder chemistry 891:911 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 3 1 from abundant 446:453 arg1 microenvironment 468:483 the tumor microenvironment 458:483 the tumor microenvironment 458:483 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 2 2 theme cell 355:358 arg1 culture 360:366 3D cell culture 352:366 3D cell culture other than Matrigel 352:386 Finding a biomimetic material for 3D cell culture other than Matrigel has challenged the field. 29040808 0 3 theme Hydrogels 86:94 arg1 Properties 52:61 the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties 21:61 the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 21:166 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 7 4 from potential 1285:1293 arg1 assays 1352:1357 drug screening assays 1337:1357 drug screening assays 1337:1357 Our results highlight the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays. 29040808 1 5 theme native 173:178 arg1 growth 199:204 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 For native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids, a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment is required. 29040808 1 6 theme well-defined 246:257 arg1 matrix 259:264 a well-defined matrix 244:264 a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment 244:303 For native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids, a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment is required. 29040808 0 7 with Hydrogels 86:94 arg1 Oxime 101:105 Oxime 101:105 Oxime 101:105 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 0 7 with Hydrogels 86:94 arg1 Chemistry 123:131 Diels-Alder Chemistry 111:131 Diels-Alder Chemistry 111:131 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 5 8 theme composition 984:994 arg1 terms 953:957 terms 953:957 terms of stiffness and peptide composition 953:994 A series of hydrogels were screened in terms of stiffness and peptide composition for cancer spheroid formation. 29040808 5 9 theme peptide 976:982 arg1 composition 984:994 peptide composition 976:994 peptide composition 976:994 A series of hydrogels were screened in terms of stiffness and peptide composition for cancer spheroid formation. 29040808 4 10 theme chemical 767:774 arg1 cross-linking 776:788 chemical cross-linking 767:788 chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation 767:807 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 4 11 theme bioorthogonal 690:702 arg1 groups 715:720 distinct bioorthogonal functional groups 681:720 distinct bioorthogonal functional groups 681:720 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 7 12 theme gels 1329:1332 arg1 potential 1285:1293 the potential 1281:1293 the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays 1281:1357 Our results highlight the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays. 29040808 2 13 dep other 368:372 arg1 than 374:377 than 374:377 than 374:377 Finding a biomimetic material for 3D cell culture other than Matrigel has challenged the field. 29040808 1 14 theme breast 180:185 arg1 growth 199:204 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 For native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids, a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment is required. 29040808 0 15 theme Diels-Alder 111:121 arg1 Chemistry 123:131 Diels-Alder Chemistry 111:131 Diels-Alder Chemistry 111:131 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 5 16 theme hydrogels 926:934 arg1 series 916:921 A series 914:921 A series of hydrogels 914:934 A series of hydrogels were screened in terms of stiffness and peptide composition for cancer spheroid formation. 29040808 3 17 theme hyaluronan 534:543 arg1 hydrogel 550:557 a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel 532:557 a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells 532:657 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 1 18 theme cancer 187:192 arg1 growth 199:204 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 For native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids, a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment is required. 29040808 7 19 theme drug 1337:1340 arg1 assays 1352:1357 drug screening assays 1337:1357 drug screening assays 1337:1357 Our results highlight the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays. 29040808 6 20 theme similar 1205:1211 arg1 core 1138:1141 their core 1132:1141 their core 1132:1141 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 1 21 theme cell 194:197 arg1 growth 199:204 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids 173:241 For native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids, a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment is required. 29040808 3 22 with hydrogel 550:557 arg1 properties 610:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 4 23 theme bioactive 868:876 arg1 peptides 878:885 bioactive peptides 868:885 bioactive peptides 868:885 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 6 24 located observed 1224:1231 arg1 tumors 1251:1256 drug-resistant tumors 1236:1256 drug-resistant tumors 1236:1256 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 6 24 located observed 1224:1231 arg2 what 1216:1219 what 1216:1219 what 1216:1219 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 5 25 theme stiffness 962:970 arg1 terms 953:957 terms 953:957 terms of stiffness and peptide composition 953:994 A series of hydrogels were screened in terms of stiffness and peptide composition for cancer spheroid formation. 29040808 0 26 theme Biochemical 25:35 arg1 Properties 52:61 the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties 21:61 the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 21:166 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 0 27 theme Culture 136:142 arg1 Spheroids 158:166 Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 136:166 Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 136:166 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 4 28 theme functional 704:713 arg1 groups 715:720 distinct bioorthogonal functional groups 681:720 distinct bioorthogonal functional groups 681:720 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 3 29 theme tumor 462:466 arg1 microenvironment 468:483 the tumor microenvironment 458:483 the tumor microenvironment 458:483 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 6 30 theme pumps 1199:1203 arg1 upregulation 1147:1158 upregulation 1147:1158 upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1147:1203 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 6 30 theme pumps 1199:1203 arg1 core 1138:1141 their core 1132:1141 their core 1132:1141 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 1 31 theme tumor 282:286 arg1 microenvironment 288:303 the tumor microenvironment 278:303 the tumor microenvironment 278:303 For native breast cancer cell growth to be mimicked in vitro as spheroids, a well-defined matrix that mimics the tumor microenvironment is required. 29040808 4 32 theme oxime 794:798 arg1 ligation 800:807 oxime ligation 794:807 oxime ligation 794:807 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 3 33 theme cancer 646:651 arg1 cells 653:657 breast cancer cells 639:657 breast cancer cells 639:657 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 2 34 theme 3D 352:353 arg1 culture 360:366 3D cell culture 352:366 3D cell culture other than Matrigel 352:386 Finding a biomimetic material for 3D cell culture other than Matrigel has challenged the field. 29040808 6 35 theme breast 1071:1076 arg1 spheroids 1085:1093 the 3D breast cancer spheroids 1064:1093 the 3D breast cancer spheroids 1064:1093 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 0 36 theme Mechanical 41:50 arg1 Properties 52:61 the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties 21:61 the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 21:166 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 0 37 theme Cancer 151:156 arg1 Spheroids 158:166 Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 136:166 Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 136:166 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 3 38 theme cells 653:657 arg1 culture 628:634 3D culture 625:634 3D culture of breast cancer cells 625:657 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 6 39 theme 3D 1068:1069 arg1 spheroids 1085:1093 the 3D breast cancer spheroids 1064:1093 the 3D breast cancer spheroids 1064:1093 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 6 40 theme drug 1112:1115 arg1 diffusion 1117:1125 decreased drug diffusion 1102:1125 decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors 1102:1256 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 0 41 theme Breast 144:149 arg1 Spheroids 158:166 Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 136:166 Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids 136:166 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 3 42 theme chemical 601:608 arg1 properties 610:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 7 43 theme screening 1342:1350 arg1 assays 1352:1357 drug screening assays 1337:1357 drug screening assays 1337:1357 Our results highlight the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays. 29040808 3 44 theme breast 639:644 arg1 cells 653:657 breast cancer cells 639:657 breast cancer cells 639:657 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 3 45 theme tunable 578:584 arg1 properties 610:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 6 46 theme cellular 1163:1170 arg1 pumps 1199:1203 cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1163:1203 cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1163:1203 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 3 47 theme mechanical 586:595 arg1 properties 610:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties 564:619 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 4 48 theme biochemical 818:828 arg1 properties 830:839 its biochemical properties 814:839 its biochemical properties 814:839 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 3 49 theme 3D 625:626 arg1 culture 628:634 3D culture 625:634 3D culture of breast cancer cells 625:657 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 3 50 from microenvironment 468:483 arg1 abundant 446:453 abundant 446:453 abundant 446:453 Because hyaluronan is naturally abundant in the tumor microenvironment and can be chemically modified, we synthesized a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel with independently tunable mechanical and chemical properties for 3D culture of breast cancer cells. 29040808 2 51 theme biomimetic 328:337 arg1 material 339:346 a biomimetic material 326:346 a biomimetic material for 3D cell culture other than Matrigel 326:386 Finding a biomimetic material for 3D cell culture other than Matrigel has challenged the field. 29040808 6 52 theme efflux 1192:1197 arg1 pumps 1199:1203 cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1163:1203 cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1163:1203 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 5 53 theme spheroid 1007:1014 arg1 formation 1016:1024 cancer spheroid formation 1000:1024 cancer spheroid formation 1000:1024 A series of hydrogels were screened in terms of stiffness and peptide composition for cancer spheroid formation. 29040808 7 54 theme well-defined 1316:1327 arg1 gels 1329:1332 these tunable and well-defined gels 1298:1332 these tunable and well-defined gels 1298:1332 Our results highlight the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays. 29040808 4 55 theme mechanical 727:736 arg1 properties 738:747 its mechanical properties 723:747 its mechanical properties 723:747 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 0 56 theme Hyaluronan-Based 69:84 arg1 Hydrogels 86:94 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels 66:94 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry 66:131 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 5 57 theme cancer 1000:1005 arg1 formation 1016:1024 cancer spheroid formation 1000:1024 cancer spheroid formation 1000:1024 A series of hydrogels were screened in terms of stiffness and peptide composition for cancer spheroid formation. 29040808 6 58 theme drug-resistant 1236:1249 arg1 tumors 1251:1256 drug-resistant tumors 1236:1256 drug-resistant tumors 1236:1256 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 6 59 theme cancer 1078:1083 arg1 spheroids 1085:1093 the 3D breast cancer spheroids 1064:1093 the 3D breast cancer spheroids 1064:1093 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 4 60 theme distinct 681:688 arg1 groups 715:720 distinct bioorthogonal functional groups 681:720 distinct bioorthogonal functional groups 681:720 By modifying HA with distinct bioorthogonal functional groups, its mechanical properties are controlled by chemical cross-linking via oxime ligation, and its biochemical properties are controlled by grafting bioactive peptides via Diels-Alder chemistry. 29040808 6 61 theme decreased 1102:1110 arg1 diffusion 1117:1125 decreased drug diffusion 1102:1125 decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors 1102:1256 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 6 62 theme hydrogel 1042:1049 arg1 formulation 1051:1061 the optimal hydrogel formulation 1030:1061 the optimal hydrogel formulation 1030:1061 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 0 63 theme 3D 66:67 arg1 Hydrogels 86:94 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels 66:94 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry 66:131 Independently Tuning the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels with Oxime and Diels-Alder Chemistry to Culture Breast Cancer Spheroids. 29040808 6 64 theme multidrug-resistant 1172:1190 arg1 pumps 1199:1203 cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1163:1203 cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps 1163:1203 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29040808 7 65 theme tunable 1304:1310 arg1 gels 1329:1332 these tunable and well-defined gels 1298:1332 these tunable and well-defined gels 1298:1332 Our results highlight the potential of these tunable and well-defined gels in drug screening assays. 29040808 6 66 theme optimal 1034:1040 arg1 formulation 1051:1061 the optimal hydrogel formulation 1030:1061 the optimal hydrogel formulation 1030:1061 In the optimal hydrogel formulation, the 3D breast cancer spheroids showed decreased drug diffusion into their core and upregulation of cellular multidrug-resistant efflux pumps similar to what is observed in drug-resistant tumors. 29883077 9 0 theme drug 1592:1595 arg1 systems 1606:1612 drug delivery systems 1592:1612 drug delivery systems 1592:1612 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 9 1 from existence 1480:1488 arg1 film 1530:1533 coated film 1523:1533 coated film 1523:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 1 2 theme lipid 166:170 arg1 pellets 172:178 Ibuprofen lipid pellets 156:178 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method 156:205 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method could mask the bitter taste of the drug to some extent. 29883077 9 3 theme pharmaceutical 1618:1631 arg1 preparations 1633:1644 pharmaceutical preparations 1618:1644 pharmaceutical preparations 1618:1644 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 3 4 used utilized 508:515 arg2 coating 585:591 the LBL coating 577:591 the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen 577:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 4 used utilized 508:515 arg2 percentage 462:471 the release percentage 450:471 the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) 450:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 4 used utilized 508:515 arg2 indicator 523:531 an indicator 520:531 an indicator for the taste-masking 520:553 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 7 5 theme pellets 1090:1096 arg1 surface 1073:1079 the surface 1069:1079 the surface of lipid pellets 1069:1096 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 3 6 from drugs 476:480 arg1 time 491:494 short time 485:494 short time (1 min) 485:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 6 from drugs 476:480 arg1 min 499:501 1 min 497:501 1 min 497:501 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 1 7 theme bitter 222:227 arg1 taste 229:233 the bitter taste 218:233 the bitter taste of the drug to some extent 218:260 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method could mask the bitter taste of the drug to some extent. 29883077 1 8 theme drug 242:245 arg1 taste 229:233 the bitter taste 218:233 the bitter taste of the drug to some extent 218:260 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method could mask the bitter taste of the drug to some extent. 29883077 7 9 theme gelatin 1058:1064 arg1 absorptions 1030:1040 The FTIR absorptions 1021:1040 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets 1021:1096 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 2 10 dep gelatin 324:330 arg1 anionic 333:339 anionic 333:339 anionic 333:339 The pellets were further coated with chitosan (cationic) and gelatin (anionic) by ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects. 29883077 7 11 theme chitosan 1045:1052 arg1 absorptions 1030:1040 The FTIR absorptions 1021:1040 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets 1021:1096 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 9 12 from film 1530:1533 arg1 study 1467:1471 the study 1463:1471 the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film 1463:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 5 13 theme spectrum 906:913 arg1 scanning 915:922 SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning 891:922 SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning 891:922 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions were obtained by SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning. 29883077 4 14 theme Synchrotron 643:653 arg1 spectromicroscopy 698:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 643:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) 643:724 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 4 14 theme Synchrotron 643:653 arg1 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 7 15 theme ratio 1206:1210 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 SR-FTIR ratio analysis 1198:1219 SR-FTIR ratio analysis 1198:1219 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 6 16 theme SR-FTIR 1004:1010 arg1 mapping 1012:1018 SR-FTIR mapping 1004:1018 SR-FTIR mapping 1004:1018 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 7 17 from existence 1125:1133 arg1 surface 1166:1172 the surface 1162:1172 the surface 1162:1172 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 7 17 from existence 1125:1133 arg1 film 1180:1183 a film 1178:1183 a film 1178:1183 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 4 18 theme Fourier-transform 671:687 arg1 spectromicroscopy 698:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 643:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) 643:724 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 4 18 theme Fourier-transform 671:687 arg1 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 0 19 theme Fourier-transform 109:125 arg1 spectromicroscopy 136:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 5 20 theme single 899:904 arg1 scanning 915:922 SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning 891:922 SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning 891:922 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions were obtained by SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning. 29883077 8 21 theme chitosan 1311:1318 arg1 absorption 1297:1306 the typical absorption 1285:1306 the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin 1285:1329 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 9 22 theme distribution 1494:1505 arg1 study 1467:1471 the study 1463:1471 the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film 1463:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 9 23 from membranes/films 1573:1587 arg1 systems 1606:1612 drug delivery systems 1592:1612 drug delivery systems 1592:1612 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 9 23 from membranes/films 1573:1587 arg1 preparations 1633:1644 pharmaceutical preparations 1618:1644 pharmaceutical preparations 1618:1644 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 4 24 theme material 762:769 arg1 distributions 771:783 the material distributions 758:783 the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film 758:824 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 9 25 theme materials 1510:1518 arg1 distribution 1494:1505 distribution 1494:1505 distribution 1494:1505 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 9 25 theme materials 1510:1518 arg1 existence 1480:1488 existence 1480:1488 existence 1480:1488 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 9 26 from researches 1559:1568 arg1 membranes/films 1573:1587 membranes/films 1573:1587 membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations 1573:1644 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 0 27 theme radiation-based 93:107 arg1 spectromicroscopy 136:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 0 28 theme [Taste-masking 0:13 arg1 mechanism 15:23 [Taste-masking mechanism 0:23 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating 0:63 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 9 29 theme coated 1523:1528 arg1 film 1530:1533 coated film 1523:1533 coated film 1523:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 6 30 from materials 959:967 arg1 films 979:983 coated films 972:983 coated films 972:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 7 31 theme gelatin 1151:1157 arg1 existence 1125:1133 the existence 1121:1133 the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis 1121:1219 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 1 32 theme Ibuprofen 156:164 arg1 pellets 172:178 Ibuprofen lipid pellets 156:178 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method 156:205 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method could mask the bitter taste of the drug to some extent. 29883077 2 33 theme masking 418:424 arg1 effects 426:432 masking effects 418:432 masking effects 418:432 The pellets were further coated with chitosan (cationic) and gelatin (anionic) by ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects. 29883077 0 34 theme self-assembly 43:55 arg1 coating 57:63 layer-by-layer self-assembly coating 28:63 layer-by-layer self-assembly coating 28:63 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 7 35 theme chitosan 1138:1145 arg1 existence 1125:1133 the existence 1121:1133 the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis 1121:1219 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 9 36 theme new 1544:1546 arg1 choice 1548:1553 a new choice 1542:1553 a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations 1542:1644 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 0 37 theme synchrotron 81:91 arg1 spectromicroscopy 136:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 8 38 theme interaction 1369:1379 arg1 effects 1352:1358 the effects 1348:1358 the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process 1348:1407 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 3 39 theme short 485:489 arg1 time 491:494 short time 485:494 short time (1 min) 485:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 39 theme short 485:489 arg1 min 499:501 1 min 497:501 1 min 497:501 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 6 40 from drug 950:953 arg1 films 979:983 coated films 972:983 coated films 972:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 3 41 theme ibuprofen 632:640 arg1 drug 624:627 model drug 618:627 model drug of ibuprofen 618:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 42 theme drugs 476:480 arg1 percentage 462:471 the release percentage 450:471 the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) 450:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 42 theme drugs 476:480 arg1 indicator 523:531 an indicator 520:531 an indicator for the taste-masking 520:553 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 42 theme drugs 476:480 arg1 coating 585:591 the LBL coating 577:591 the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen 577:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 7 43 from absorptions 1030:1040 arg1 surface 1073:1079 the surface 1069:1079 the surface of lipid pellets 1069:1096 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 3 44 theme drug 624:627 arg1 release 607:613 the release 603:613 the release of model drug of ibuprofen 603:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 8 45 theme forming 1393:1399 arg1 process 1401:1407 the film forming process 1384:1407 the film forming process 1384:1407 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 9 46 theme delivery 1597:1604 arg1 systems 1606:1612 drug delivery systems 1592:1612 drug delivery systems 1592:1612 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 9 47 from study 1467:1471 arg1 film 1530:1533 coated film 1523:1533 coated film 1523:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 7 48 theme lipid 1084:1088 arg1 pellets 1090:1096 lipid pellets 1084:1096 lipid pellets 1084:1096 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 4 49 theme film 821:824 arg1 section 798:804 the cross section 788:804 the cross section of pellets and film 788:824 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 8 50 from effects 1352:1358 arg1 process 1401:1407 the film forming process 1384:1407 the film forming process 1384:1407 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 5 51 theme compositions 861:872 arg1 absorptions 842:852 Characteristic absorptions 827:852 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions 827:872 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions were obtained by SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning. 29883077 6 52 theme coated 972:977 arg1 films 979:983 coated films 972:983 coated films 972:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 3 53 from time 491:494 arg1 percentage 462:471 the release percentage 450:471 the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) 450:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 53 from time 491:494 arg1 indicator 523:531 an indicator 520:531 an indicator for the taste-masking 520:553 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 53 from time 491:494 arg1 coating 585:591 the LBL coating 577:591 the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen 577:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 6 54 theme materials 959:967 arg1 distributions 929:941 The distributions 925:941 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films 925:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 8 55 theme typical 1289:1295 arg1 absorption 1297:1306 the typical absorption 1285:1306 the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin 1285:1329 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 9 56 theme existence 1480:1488 arg1 study 1467:1471 the study 1463:1471 the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film 1463:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 5 57 theme Characteristic 827:840 arg1 absorptions 842:852 Characteristic absorptions 827:852 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions 827:872 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions were obtained by SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning. 29883077 6 58 theme drug 950:953 arg1 distributions 929:941 The distributions 925:941 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films 925:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 6 59 dep drug 950:953 arg1 the 946:948 the 946:948 the 946:948 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 9 60 theme SR-FTIR 1439:1445 arg1 method 1429:1434 the method 1425:1434 the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film 1425:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 4 61 theme infrared 689:696 arg1 spectromicroscopy 698:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 643:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) 643:724 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 4 61 theme infrared 689:696 arg1 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 7 62 theme FTIR 1025:1028 arg1 absorptions 1030:1040 The FTIR absorptions 1021:1040 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets 1021:1096 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 3 63 theme LBL 581:583 arg1 percentage 462:471 the release percentage 450:471 the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) 450:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 63 theme LBL 581:583 arg1 indicator 523:531 an indicator 520:531 an indicator for the taste-masking 520:553 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 63 theme LBL 581:583 arg1 coating 585:591 the LBL coating 577:591 the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen 577:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 7 64 theme SR-FTIR 1198:1204 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 SR-FTIR ratio analysis 1198:1219 SR-FTIR ratio analysis 1198:1219 The FTIR absorptions of chitosan and gelatin on the surface of lipid pellets was examined to verify the existence of chitosan and gelatin on the surface and a film formed using SR-FTIR ratio analysis. 29883077 1 65 theme melting 192:198 arg1 method 200:205 melting method 192:205 melting method 192:205 Ibuprofen lipid pellets prepared by melting method could mask the bitter taste of the drug to some extent. 29883077 0 66 theme infrared 127:134 arg1 spectromicroscopy 136:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 81:152 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 4 67 from distributions 771:783 arg1 section 798:804 the cross section 788:804 the cross section of pellets and film 788:824 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 5 68 theme SR-FTIR 891:897 arg1 scanning 915:922 SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning 891:922 SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning 891:922 Characteristic absorptions of the compositions were obtained by SR-FTIR single spectrum scanning. 29883077 4 69 theme radiation-based 655:669 arg1 spectromicroscopy 698:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy 643:714 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) 643:724 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 4 69 theme radiation-based 655:669 arg1 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 SR-FTIR 717:723 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 9 70 from distribution 1494:1505 arg1 film 1530:1533 coated film 1523:1533 coated film 1523:1533 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 6 71 from films 979:983 arg1 distributions 929:941 The distributions 925:941 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films 925:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 2 72 theme coating 399:405 arg1 interaction 351:361 ionic interaction 345:361 ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects 345:432 The pellets were further coated with chitosan (cationic) and gelatin (anionic) by ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects. 29883077 9 73 dep existence 1480:1488 arg1 the 1476:1478 the 1476:1478 the 1476:1478 In conclusion, the method of SR-FTIR established for the study of the existence and distribution of materials in coated film offers a new choice for researches on membranes/films in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical preparations. 29883077 0 74 theme layer-by-layer 28:41 arg1 coating 57:63 layer-by-layer self-assembly coating 28:63 layer-by-layer self-assembly coating 28:63 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 4 75 theme cross 792:796 arg1 section 798:804 the cross section 788:804 the cross section of pellets and film 788:824 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 8 76 theme gelatin 1323:1329 arg1 absorption 1297:1306 the typical absorption 1285:1306 the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin 1285:1329 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 0 77 theme coating 57:63 arg1 mechanism 15:23 [Taste-masking mechanism 0:23 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating 0:63 [Taste-masking mechanism of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating investigated by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy]. 29883077 3 78 theme release 454:460 arg1 percentage 462:471 the release percentage 450:471 the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) 450:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 78 theme release 454:460 arg1 indicator 523:531 an indicator 520:531 an indicator for the taste-masking 520:553 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 78 theme release 454:460 arg1 coating 585:591 the LBL coating 577:591 the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen 577:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 6 79 from distributions 929:941 arg1 films 979:983 coated films 972:983 coated films 972:983 The distributions of the drug and materials in coated films were determined by SR-FTIR mapping. 29883077 4 80 theme pellets 809:815 arg1 section 798:804 the cross section 788:804 the cross section of pellets and film 788:824 Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) has been applied to investigate the material distributions on the cross section of pellets and film. 29883077 3 81 from percentage 462:471 arg1 time 491:494 short time 485:494 short time (1 min) 485:502 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 3 81 from percentage 462:471 arg1 min 499:501 1 min 497:501 1 min 497:501 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 2 82 theme ionic 345:349 arg1 interaction 351:361 ionic interaction 345:361 ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects 345:432 The pellets were further coated with chitosan (cationic) and gelatin (anionic) by ionic interaction layer- by-layer self-assembly (LBL) coating to improve masking effects. 29883077 3 83 theme model 618:622 arg1 drug 624:627 model drug 618:627 model drug of ibuprofen 618:640 In this paper, the release percentage of drugs in short time (1 min) was utilized as an indicator for the taste-masking, and it had confirmed the LBL coating inhibited the release of model drug of ibuprofen. 29883077 8 84 theme ionic 1363:1367 arg1 interaction 1369:1379 ionic interaction 1363:1379 ionic interaction 1363:1379 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 29883077 8 85 theme film 1388:1391 arg1 process 1401:1407 the film forming process 1384:1407 the film forming process 1384:1407 Whilst pellets coated only by chitosan or gelatin did not show the typical absorption of chitosan or gelatin, which confirmed the effects of ionic interaction on the film forming process. 24401131 3 0 theme Sargassum 551:559 arg1 fusiforme 561:569 Sargassum fusiforme 551:569 Sargassum fusiforme 551:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 1 from fusiforme 561:569 arg1 multimeasurement 490:505 multimeasurement 490:505 multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 490:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 1 from fusiforme 561:569 arg1 data 541:544 organic and inorganic chemical data 510:544 organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 510:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 2 theme biological 597:606 arg1 information 608:618 the concealed biological information 583:618 the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data 583:663 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 9 3 theme practical 1840:1848 arg1 applications 1850:1861 practical applications 1840:1861 practical applications 1840:1861 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 2 4 theme several 316:322 arg1 measurements 329:340 several data measurements 316:340 several data measurements 316:340 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 1 5 theme several 211:217 arg1 factors 219:225 several factors 211:225 several factors 211:225 Biological information is intricately intertwined with several factors. 24401131 9 6 theme new 1873:1875 arg1 knowledge 1889:1897 new biochemical knowledge 1873:1897 new biochemical knowledge 1873:1897 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 4 7 theme semipolar 706:714 arg1 metabolites 716:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 0 8 theme network 133:139 arg1 visualization 141:153 network visualization 133:153 network visualization 133:153 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 6 9 theme component 1224:1232 arg1 analysis 1234:1241 principal component analysis 1214:1241 principal component analysis 1214:1241 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 5 10 theme complex 925:931 arg1 components 942:951 complex chemical components 925:951 complex chemical components 925:951 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 0 11 theme seaweed 23:29 arg1 components 31:40 seaweed components 23:40 seaweed components 23:40 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 5 12 theme components 942:951 arg1 data 917:920 The obtained spectral data 895:920 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components 895:951 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 9 13 theme genetic 1909:1915 arg1 information 1935:1945 genetic and environmental information 1909:1945 genetic and environmental information 1909:1945 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 6 14 theme self-organizing 1247:1261 arg1 maps 1263:1266 self-organizing maps 1247:1266 self-organizing maps 1247:1266 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 4 15 theme thermal 779:785 arg1 data 803:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 3 16 theme integrated 649:658 arg1 data 660:663 integrated data 649:663 integrated data 649:663 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 9 17 theme environmental 1921:1933 arg1 information 1935:1945 genetic and environmental information 1909:1945 genetic and environmental information 1909:1945 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 6 18 from trends 1370:1375 arg1 variation 1389:1397 seasonal variation 1380:1397 seasonal variation 1380:1397 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 5 19 theme overlapping 1026:1036 arg1 signals 1038:1044 overlapping signals 1026:1044 overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses 1026:1144 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 8 20 theme acid 1661:1664 arg1 structure 1640:1648 the structure 1636:1648 the structure of alginic acid 1636:1664 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 7 21 theme inorganic 1481:1489 arg1 components 1491:1500 organic and inorganic components 1469:1500 organic and inorganic components 1469:1500 Correlation network analysis revealed multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components. 24401131 4 22 theme isotopic 759:766 arg1 ratio 768:772 isotopic ratio 759:772 isotopic ratio 759:772 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 2 23 theme data 291:294 arg1 analysis 296:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 1 24 with intertwined 194:204 arg1 factors 219:225 several factors 211:225 several factors 211:225 Biological information is intricately intertwined with several factors. 24401131 4 25 theme biological 852:861 arg1 data 803:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 25 theme biological 852:861 arg1 metabolites 716:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 25 theme biological 852:861 arg1 data 863:866 environmentally responsive biological data 825:866 environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation 825:892 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 25 theme biological 852:861 arg1 components 675:684 Chemical components 666:684 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data 666:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 25 theme biological 852:861 arg1 minerals 729:736 minerals 729:736 minerals 729:736 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 25 theme biological 852:861 arg1 elemental 745:753 major elemental 739:753 major elemental 739:753 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 9 26 theme integrated 1755:1764 arg1 approach 1777:1784 This integrated analytical approach 1750:1784 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data 1750:1817 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 0 27 theme heterogeneous 92:104 arg1 measurements 115:126 heterogeneous chemical measurements 92:126 heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization 92:153 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 5 28 theme resolution 1075:1084 arg1 method 1112:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 1 29 theme Biological 156:165 arg1 information 167:177 Biological information 156:177 Biological information 156:177 Biological information is intricately intertwined with several factors. 24401131 8 30 theme S. 1695:1696 arg1 fusiforme 1698:1706 S. fusiforme 1695:1706 S. fusiforme 1695:1706 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 8 31 theme relationship 1529:1540 arg1 terms 1516:1520 terms 1516:1520 terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites 1516:1576 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 5 32 theme least-squares 1098:1110 arg1 method 1112:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 8 33 theme metal 1550:1554 arg1 group 1556:1560 metal group 1550:1560 metal group 1550:1560 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 5 34 theme obtained 899:906 arg1 data 917:920 The obtained spectral data 895:920 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components 895:951 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 6 35 theme chemical 1199:1206 arg1 data 1208:1211 these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1163:1211 these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1163:1211 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 3 36 theme data 396:399 arg1 method 386:391 a method 384:391 a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data 384:663 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 37 with analyses 635:642 arg1 data 660:663 integrated data 649:663 integrated data 649:663 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 5 38 theme multivariate 1056:1067 arg1 method 1112:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 6 39 theme preprocessed 1169:1180 arg1 data 1208:1211 these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1163:1211 these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1163:1211 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 3 40 theme integrated 448:457 arg1 analysis 459:466 comprehensively integrated analysis 432:466 comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 432:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 8 41 theme metal 1727:1731 arg1 ability 1741:1747 its metal binding ability 1723:1747 its metal binding ability 1723:1747 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 0 42 theme components 31:40 arg1 analysis 11:18 analysis 11:18 analysis of seaweed components 11:40 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 3 43 from multimeasurement 490:505 arg1 fusiforme 561:569 Sargassum fusiforme 551:569 Sargassum fusiforme 551:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 44 theme chemical 532:539 arg1 data 541:544 organic and inorganic chemical data 510:544 organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 510:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 0 45 theme seasonal 49:56 arg1 fluctuation 58:68 seasonal fluctuation 49:68 seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization 49:153 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 6 46 theme integrated 1271:1280 arg1 data 1282:1285 integrated data 1271:1285 integrated data 1271:1285 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 2 47 theme comprehensive 239:251 arg1 analysis 296:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 2 47 theme comprehensive 239:251 arg1 methods 264:270 comprehensive analytical methods 239:270 comprehensive analytical methods 239:270 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 8 48 theme structural 1594:1603 arg1 modeling 1614:1621 structural equation modeling 1594:1621 structural equation modeling 1594:1621 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 7 49 theme multiple 1438:1445 arg1 relationships 1447:1459 multiple relationships 1438:1459 multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components 1438:1500 Correlation network analysis revealed multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components. 24401131 4 50 theme Chemical 666:673 arg1 data 803:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 50 theme Chemical 666:673 arg1 metabolites 716:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 50 theme Chemical 666:673 arg1 data 863:866 environmentally responsive biological data 825:866 environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation 825:892 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 50 theme Chemical 666:673 arg1 components 675:684 Chemical components 666:684 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data 666:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 50 theme Chemical 666:673 arg1 minerals 729:736 minerals 729:736 minerals 729:736 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 50 theme Chemical 666:673 arg1 elemental 745:753 major elemental 739:753 major elemental 739:753 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 8 51 theme modeling 1614:1621 arg1 results 1583:1589 the results 1579:1589 the results of structural equation modeling 1579:1621 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 9 52 theme data 1814:1817 arg1 variety 1794:1800 a variety 1792:1800 a variety of chemical data 1792:1817 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 9 52 theme data 1814:1817 arg1 data 1814:1817 chemical data 1805:1817 chemical data 1805:1817 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 7 53 theme Correlation 1400:1410 arg1 analysis 1420:1427 Correlation network analysis 1400:1427 Correlation network analysis 1400:1427 Correlation network analysis revealed multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components. 24401131 3 54 theme concealed 587:595 arg1 information 608:618 the concealed biological information 583:618 the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data 583:663 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 2 55 theme data 324:327 arg1 measurements 329:340 several data measurements 316:340 several data measurements 316:340 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 6 56 theme chemical 1309:1316 arg1 compositions 1318:1329 the chemical compositions 1305:1329 the chemical compositions 1305:1329 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 0 57 with measurements 115:126 arg1 visualization 141:153 network visualization 133:153 network visualization 133:153 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 3 58 theme statistical 623:633 arg1 analyses 635:642 statistical analyses 623:642 statistical analyses with integrated data 623:663 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 4 59 theme major 739:743 arg1 elemental 745:753 major elemental 739:753 major elemental 739:753 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 9 60 theme biochemical 1877:1887 arg1 knowledge 1889:1897 new biochemical knowledge 1873:1897 new biochemical knowledge 1873:1897 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 2 61 theme integrated 280:289 arg1 analysis 296:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 5 62 theme chemical 933:940 arg1 components 942:951 complex chemical components 925:951 complex chemical components 925:951 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 6 63 theme seasonal 1380:1387 arg1 variation 1389:1397 seasonal variation 1380:1397 seasonal variation 1380:1397 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 8 64 theme alginic 1653:1659 arg1 acid 1661:1664 alginic acid 1653:1664 alginic acid 1653:1664 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 4 65 theme seasonal 875:882 arg1 variation 884:892 the seasonal variation 871:892 the seasonal variation 871:892 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 66 theme decompositional 787:801 arg1 data 803:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 5 67 theme pure 982:985 arg1 peaks 987:991 pure peaks 982:991 pure peaks 982:991 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 6 68 theme mature 1342:1347 arg1 stage 1349:1353 the mature stage 1338:1353 the mature stage 1338:1353 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 0 69 theme chemical 106:113 arg1 measurements 115:126 heterogeneous chemical measurements 92:126 heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization 92:153 Integrated analysis of seaweed components during seasonal fluctuation by data mining across heterogeneous chemical measurements with network visualization. 24401131 4 70 from data 863:866 arg1 variation 884:892 the seasonal variation 871:892 the seasonal variation 871:892 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 5 71 theme curve 1069:1073 arg1 method 1112:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 8 72 theme fusiforme 1698:1706 arg1 growth 1685:1690 the growth 1681:1690 the growth 1681:1690 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 4 73 theme responsive 841:850 arg1 data 803:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 thermal decompositional data 779:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 73 theme responsive 841:850 arg1 metabolites 716:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 73 theme responsive 841:850 arg1 data 863:866 environmentally responsive biological data 825:866 environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation 825:892 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 73 theme responsive 841:850 arg1 components 675:684 Chemical components 666:684 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data 666:806 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 73 theme responsive 841:850 arg1 minerals 729:736 minerals 729:736 minerals 729:736 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 4 73 theme responsive 841:850 arg1 elemental 745:753 major elemental 739:753 major elemental 739:753 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 5 74 theme alternating 1086:1096 arg1 method 1112:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method 1052:1117 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 6 75 theme principal 1214:1222 arg1 analysis 1234:1241 principal component analysis 1214:1241 principal component analysis 1214:1241 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 6 76 theme data 1208:1211 arg1 input 1154:1158 the input 1150:1158 the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1150:1211 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 6 77 from changes 1294:1300 arg1 compositions 1318:1329 the chemical compositions 1305:1329 the chemical compositions 1305:1329 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 5 78 theme spectral 908:915 arg1 data 917:920 The obtained spectral data 895:920 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components 895:951 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 9 79 theme chemical 1805:1812 arg1 data 1814:1817 chemical data 1805:1817 chemical data 1805:1817 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 6 80 theme multimeasurement 1182:1197 arg1 data 1208:1211 these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1163:1211 these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data 1163:1211 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 3 81 theme preprocessing 401:413 arg1 data 396:399 data 396:399 data preprocessing 396:413 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 8 82 theme binding 1733:1739 arg1 ability 1741:1747 its metal binding ability 1723:1747 its metal binding ability 1723:1747 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 24401131 3 83 theme organic 510:516 arg1 data 541:544 organic and inorganic chemical data 510:544 organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 510:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 9 84 theme analytical 1766:1775 arg1 approach 1777:1784 This integrated analytical approach 1750:1784 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data 1750:1817 This integrated analytical approach using a variety of chemical data can be developed for practical applications to obtain new biochemical knowledge including genetic and environmental information. 24401131 7 85 theme organic 1469:1475 arg1 components 1491:1500 organic and inorganic components 1469:1500 organic and inorganic components 1469:1500 Correlation network analysis revealed multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components. 24401131 3 86 theme multimeasurement 490:505 arg1 multimeasurement 490:505 multimeasurement 490:505 multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 490:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 86 theme multimeasurement 490:505 arg1 variety 479:485 a variety 477:485 a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 477:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 6 87 theme data 1282:1285 arg1 analysis 1234:1241 principal component analysis 1214:1241 principal component analysis 1214:1241 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 6 87 theme data 1282:1285 arg1 maps 1263:1266 self-organizing maps 1247:1266 self-organizing maps 1247:1266 By the input of these preprocessed multimeasurement chemical data, principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of integrated data showed changes in the chemical compositions during the mature stage and identified trends in seasonal variation. 24401131 2 88 theme analytical 253:262 arg1 analysis 296:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 integrated data analysis 280:303 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 2 88 theme analytical 253:262 arg1 methods 264:270 comprehensive analytical methods 239:270 comprehensive analytical methods 239:270 Therefore, comprehensive analytical methods such as integrated data analysis, combining several data measurements, are required. 24401131 3 89 theme data 541:544 arg1 multimeasurement 490:505 multimeasurement 490:505 multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 490:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 3 90 theme inorganic 522:530 arg1 data 541:544 organic and inorganic chemical data 510:544 organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme 510:569 In this study, we describe a method of data preprocessing that can perform comprehensively integrated analysis based on a variety of multimeasurement of organic and inorganic chemical data from Sargassum fusiforme and explore the concealed biological information by statistical analyses with integrated data. 24401131 5 91 theme integrated 1126:1135 arg1 analyses 1137:1144 integrated analyses 1126:1144 integrated analyses 1126:1144 The obtained spectral data of complex chemical components were preprocessed to isolate pure peaks by removing noise and separating overlapping signals using the multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares method before integrated analyses. 24401131 7 92 theme network 1412:1418 arg1 analysis 1420:1427 Correlation network analysis 1400:1427 Correlation network analysis 1400:1427 Correlation network analysis revealed multiple relationships between organic and inorganic components. 24401131 4 93 theme polar 696:700 arg1 metabolites 716:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 polar and semipolar metabolites 696:726 Chemical components including polar and semipolar metabolites, minerals, major elemental and isotopic ratio, and thermal decompositional data were measured as environmentally responsive biological data in the seasonal variation. 24401131 8 94 theme equation 1605:1612 arg1 modeling 1614:1621 structural equation modeling 1594:1621 structural equation modeling 1594:1621 Moreover, in terms of the relationship between metal group and metabolites, the results of structural equation modeling suggest that the structure of alginic acid changes during the growth of S. fusiforme, which affects its metal binding ability. 27904076 3 0 theme single 668:673 arg1 Tg 685:686 single or double Tg 668:686 single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes) 668:759 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 4 1 theme amorphous 866:874 arg1 phase 891:895 the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 842:895 the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 842:895 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 3 2 theme glass 690:694 arg1 temperature 707:717 glass transition temperature 690:717 glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes 690:758 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 1 3 theme solutions 279:287 arg1 region 262:267 the amorphous non-ice region 240:267 the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions 240:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 4 4 theme single 828:833 arg1 Tg 835:836 the single Tg' 824:837 the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 824:895 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 3 5 contain containing 426:435 arg1 solutions 416:424 Frozen aqueous solutions 401:424 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios 401:659 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 5 contain containing 426:435 arg2 dextran 511:517 a polysaccharide (dextran) 493:518 a polysaccharide (dextran) 493:518 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 5 contain containing 426:435 arg2 gelatin 481:487 gelatin 481:487 gelatin 481:487 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 5 contain containing 426:435 arg2 protein 439:445 a protein 437:445 a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) 437:488 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 2 6 theme solutions 325:333 arg1 analysis 298:305 Thermal analysis 290:305 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions 290:333 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions was performed in heating scans before and after a heat treatment. 27904076 6 7 theme mixture 1167:1173 arg1 solutions 1175:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 2 8 theme frozen 310:315 arg1 solutions 325:333 frozen aqueous solutions 310:333 frozen aqueous solutions 310:333 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions was performed in heating scans before and after a heat treatment. 27904076 1 9 theme acid 208:211 arg1 excipients 213:222 amino acid excipients 202:222 amino acid excipients 202:222 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 4 10 theme phase 891:895 arg1 Tg 835:836 the single Tg' 824:837 the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 824:895 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 8 11 theme amino 1435:1439 arg1 excipients 1446:1455 amino acid excipients 1435:1455 amino acid excipients 1435:1455 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 3 12 theme solutes 752:758 arg1 temperature 707:717 glass transition temperature 690:717 glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes 690:758 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 5 13 theme excipient-dominant 1053:1070 arg1 phase 1072:1076 excipient-dominant phase 1053:1076 excipient-dominant phase 1053:1076 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 8 14 theme excipients 1446:1455 arg1 use 1428:1430 the rational use 1415:1430 the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1415:1494 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 4 15 from rich 792:795 arg1 polymers 804:811 the polymers 800:811 the polymers 800:811 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 5 16 theme acid-rich 917:925 arg1 solutions 942:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 5 17 theme amino 911:915 arg1 solutions 942:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 8 18 theme lyophilized 1460:1470 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1480:1494 lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1460:1494 lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1460:1494 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 7 19 theme co-solutes 1307:1316 arg1 history 1343:1349 thermal history 1335:1349 thermal history 1335:1349 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 7 19 theme co-solutes 1307:1316 arg1 structure 1257:1265 their structure 1251:1265 their structure 1251:1265 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 7 19 theme co-solutes 1307:1316 arg1 types 1273:1277 salt types 1268:1277 salt types 1268:1277 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 7 19 theme co-solutes 1307:1316 arg1 ratio 1285:1289 mass ratio 1280:1289 mass ratio 1280:1289 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 7 19 theme co-solutes 1307:1316 arg1 composition 1292:1302 composition 1292:1302 composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) 1292:1329 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 0 20 theme Acid 78:81 arg1 Separation 26:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation 0:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid 0:81 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 3 21 theme L-arginine 593:602 arg1 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 21 theme L-arginine 593:602 arg1 monophosphate 604:616 L-arginine monophosphate 593:616 L-arginine monophosphate 593:616 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 8 22 from use 1428:1430 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1480:1494 lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1460:1494 lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1460:1494 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 1 23 theme mixing 173:178 arg1 state 180:184 the mixing state 169:184 the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions 169:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 7 24 theme acids 1225:1229 arg1 state 1197:1201 The mixing state 1186:1201 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids 1186:1229 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 5 25 theme Tg 965:966 arg1 's 967:968 two Tg's 961:968 two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase 961:1076 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 0 26 theme Amorphous-Amorphous 0:18 arg1 Separation 26:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation 0:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid 0:81 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 5 27 theme frozen 935:940 arg1 solutions 942:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 6 28 theme heat 1091:1094 arg1 treatment 1096:1104 Post-freeze heat treatment 1079:1104 Post-freeze heat treatment 1079:1104 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 8 29 theme varied 1371:1376 arg1 states 1385:1390 the varied mixing states 1367:1390 the varied mixing states 1367:1390 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 7 30 theme mixing 1190:1195 arg1 state 1197:1201 The mixing state 1186:1201 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids 1186:1229 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 3 31 theme recombinant 454:464 arg1 albumin 472:478 recombinant human albumin 454:478 recombinant human albumin 454:478 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 0 32 theme Freeze-Concentrated 40:58 arg1 Protein 60:66 Freeze-Concentrated Protein 40:66 Freeze-Concentrated Protein 40:66 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 5 33 theme solute-mixture 1028:1041 arg1 phase 1043:1047 concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase 999:1047 concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase 999:1047 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 3 34 theme aqueous 408:414 arg1 solutions 416:424 Frozen aqueous solutions 401:424 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios 401:659 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 6 35 theme intermediate 1143:1154 arg1 solutions 1175:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 4 36 theme frozen 775:780 arg1 solutions 782:790 Some mixture frozen solutions 762:790 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers 762:811 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 7 37 theme mass 1280:1283 arg1 ratio 1285:1289 mass ratio 1280:1289 mass ratio 1280:1289 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 3 38 theme mass 649:652 arg1 ratios 654:659 varied mass ratios 642:659 varied mass ratios 642:659 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 4 39 theme rich 792:795 arg1 solutions 782:790 Some mixture frozen solutions 762:790 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers 762:811 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 1 40 theme amorphous 244:252 arg1 region 262:267 the amorphous non-ice region 240:267 the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions 240:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 5 41 theme concentrated 999:1010 arg1 phase 1043:1047 concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase 999:1047 concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase 999:1047 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 6 42 from Tg 1131:1132 arg1 solutions 1175:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 3 43 theme polysaccharide 495:508 arg1 dextran 511:517 a polysaccharide (dextran) 493:518 a polysaccharide (dextran) 493:518 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 5 44 theme phase 1043:1047 arg1 transition 985:994 transition 985:994 transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase 985:1076 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 3 45 theme amino 527:531 arg1 acid 533:536 an amino acid 524:536 an amino acid 524:536 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 8 46 from Information 1352:1362 arg1 states 1385:1390 the varied mixing states 1367:1390 the varied mixing states 1367:1390 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 1 47 theme frozen 272:277 arg1 solutions 279:287 frozen solutions 272:287 frozen solutions 272:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 4 48 theme freeze-concentrated 846:864 arg1 phase 891:895 the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 842:895 the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 842:895 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 3 49 theme transition 696:705 arg1 temperature 707:717 glass transition temperature 690:717 glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes 690:758 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 2 50 theme Thermal 290:296 arg1 analysis 298:305 Thermal analysis 290:305 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions 290:333 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions was performed in heating scans before and after a heat treatment. 27904076 3 51 dep L-arginine 555:564 arg1 e.g. 549:552 e.g. 549:552 e.g. 549:552 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 1 52 theme proteins 189:196 arg1 state 180:184 the mixing state 169:184 the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions 169:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 3 53 theme freeze-concentrated 732:750 arg1 solutes 752:758 maximally freeze-concentrated solutes 722:758 maximally freeze-concentrated solutes 722:758 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 2 54 theme aqueous 317:323 arg1 solutions 325:333 frozen aqueous solutions 310:333 frozen aqueous solutions 310:333 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions was performed in heating scans before and after a heat treatment. 27904076 1 55 theme amino 202:206 arg1 excipients 213:222 amino acid excipients 202:222 amino acid excipients 202:222 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 6 56 theme ratio 1161:1165 arg1 solutions 1175:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 3 57 theme L-arginine 567:576 arg1 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 57 theme L-arginine 567:576 arg1 hydrochloride 578:590 L-arginine hydrochloride 567:590 L-arginine hydrochloride 567:590 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 1 58 theme excipients 213:222 arg1 state 180:184 the mixing state 169:184 the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions 169:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 8 59 theme acid 1441:1444 arg1 excipients 1446:1455 amino acid excipients 1435:1455 amino acid excipients 1435:1455 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 4 60 from polymers 804:811 arg1 rich 792:795 rich 792:795 rich 792:795 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 4 61 theme solute-mixture 876:889 arg1 phase 891:895 the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 842:895 the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase 842:895 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 5 62 theme phase 1072:1076 arg1 transition 985:994 transition 985:994 transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase 985:1076 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 1 63 theme study 146:150 arg1 objective 128:136 The objective 124:136 The objective of this study 124:150 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27904076 8 64 theme protein 1472:1478 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1480:1494 lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1460:1494 lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1460:1494 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 7 65 theme thermal 1335:1341 arg1 history 1343:1349 thermal history 1335:1349 thermal history 1335:1349 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 0 66 theme Lyophilized 98:108 arg1 Formulations 110:121 Lyophilized Formulations 98:121 Lyophilized Formulations 98:121 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 7 67 theme amino 1219:1223 arg1 acids 1225:1229 amino acids 1219:1229 amino acids 1219:1229 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 7 68 theme proteins 1206:1213 arg1 state 1197:1201 The mixing state 1186:1201 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids 1186:1229 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 0 69 theme Phase 20:24 arg1 Separation 26:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation 0:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid 0:81 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 5 70 theme mixture 927:933 arg1 solutions 942:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions 911:950 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 3 71 theme Frozen 401:406 arg1 solutions 416:424 Frozen aqueous solutions 401:424 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios 401:659 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 2 72 theme heat 385:388 arg1 treatment 390:398 a heat treatment 383:398 a heat treatment 383:398 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions was performed in heating scans before and after a heat treatment. 27904076 8 73 theme rational 1419:1426 arg1 use 1428:1430 the rational use 1415:1430 the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals 1415:1494 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 3 74 dep dextran 511:517 arg1 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 74 dep dextran 511:517 arg1 hydrochloride 578:590 L-arginine hydrochloride 567:590 L-arginine hydrochloride 567:590 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 74 dep dextran 511:517 arg1 monophosphate 604:616 L-arginine monophosphate 593:616 L-arginine monophosphate 593:616 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 74 dep dextran 511:517 arg1 L-glutamate 626:636 sodium L-glutamate 619:636 sodium L-glutamate 619:636 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 74 dep dextran 511:517 arg1 excipient 538:546 excipient 538:546 excipient 538:546 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 6 75 theme Post-freeze 1079:1089 arg1 treatment 1096:1104 Post-freeze heat treatment 1079:1104 Post-freeze heat treatment 1079:1104 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 0 76 theme Protein 60:66 arg1 Separation 26:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation 0:35 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid 0:81 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 3 77 dep Tg 685:686 arg1 temperature 707:717 glass transition temperature 690:717 glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes 690:758 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 5 78 theme non-crystalline 1012:1026 arg1 phase 1043:1047 concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase 999:1047 concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase 999:1047 In contrast, amino acid-rich mixture frozen solutions revealed two Tg's that suggested transition of concentrated non-crystalline solute-mixture phase and excipient-dominant phase. 27904076 3 79 theme sodium 619:624 arg1 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 L-arginine 555:564 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 3 79 theme sodium 619:624 arg1 L-glutamate 626:636 sodium L-glutamate 619:636 sodium L-glutamate 619:636 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 8 80 theme mixing 1378:1383 arg1 states 1385:1390 the varied mixing states 1367:1390 the varied mixing states 1367:1390 Information on the varied mixing states should be valuable for the rational use of amino acid excipients in lyophilized protein pharmaceuticals. 27904076 3 81 theme human 466:470 arg1 albumin 472:478 recombinant human albumin 454:478 recombinant human albumin 454:478 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 0 82 theme Amino 72:76 arg1 Acid 78:81 Amino Acid 72:81 Amino Acid 72:81 Amorphous-Amorphous Phase Separation of Freeze-Concentrated Protein and Amino Acid Excipients for Lyophilized Formulations. 27904076 7 83 dep NaCl 1325:1328 arg1 e.g. 1319:1322 e.g. 1319:1322 e.g. 1319:1322 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 6 84 theme mass 1156:1159 arg1 solutions 1175:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions 1138:1183 Post-freeze heat treatment induced splitting of the Tg' in some intermediate mass ratio mixture solutions. 27904076 2 85 theme heating 352:358 arg1 scans 360:364 heating scans 352:364 heating scans 352:364 Thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions was performed in heating scans before and after a heat treatment. 27904076 3 86 theme varied 642:647 arg1 ratios 654:659 varied mass ratios 642:659 varied mass ratios 642:659 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 4 87 theme mixture 767:773 arg1 solutions 782:790 Some mixture frozen solutions 762:790 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers 762:811 Some mixture frozen solutions rich in the polymers maintained the single Tg' of the freeze-concentrated amorphous solute-mixture phase. 27904076 3 88 dep albumin 472:478 arg1 e.g. 448:451 e.g. 448:451 e.g. 448:451 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 7 89 theme salt 1268:1271 arg1 types 1273:1277 salt types 1268:1277 salt types 1268:1277 The mixing state of proteins and amino acids varied depending on their structure, salt types, mass ratio, composition of co-solutes (e.g., NaCl) and thermal history. 27904076 3 90 theme double 678:683 arg1 Tg 685:686 single or double Tg 668:686 single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes) 668:759 Frozen aqueous solutions containing a protein (e.g., recombinant human albumin, gelatin) or a polysaccharide (dextran) and an amino acid excipient (e.g., L-arginine, L-arginine hydrochloride, L-arginine monophosphate, sodium L-glutamate) at varied mass ratios showed single or double Tg' (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes). 27904076 1 91 theme non-ice 254:260 arg1 region 262:267 the amorphous non-ice region 240:267 the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions 240:287 The objective of this study was to elucidate the mixing state of proteins and amino acid excipients concentrated in the amorphous non-ice region of frozen solutions. 27996090 7 0 theme food 1212:1215 arg1 industry 1217:1224 the food industry 1208:1224 the food industry 1208:1224 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 11 1 theme present 1583:1589 arg1 study 1591:1595 the present study 1579:1595 the present study 1579:1595 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 2 2 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 properties 369:378 poor mechanical properties 353:378 poor mechanical properties 353:378 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 10 3 theme swelling 1520:1527 arg1 ability 1529:1535 greater swelling ability 1512:1535 greater swelling ability 1512:1535 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 7 4 theme thermal 1110:1116 arg1 crucial 1187:1193 crucial 1187:1193 crucial 1187:1193 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 7 4 theme thermal 1110:1116 arg1 property 1118:1125 The thermal property 1106:1125 The thermal property 1106:1125 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1538:1547 arg1 decomposed 1664:1673 decomposed 1664:1673 could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose 1650:1789 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1538:1547 arg1 safe 1601:1604 safe 1601:1604 safe 1601:1604 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1538:1547 arg1 biorefractory 1632:1644 biorefractory 1632:1644 biorefractory 1632:1644 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1538:1547 arg1 material 1558:1565 The film material 1549:1565 The film material obtained in the present study 1549:1595 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1538:1547 arg1 stable 1607:1612 stable 1607:1612 stable 1607:1612 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1538:1547 arg1 eco-friendly 1615:1626 eco-friendly 1615:1626 eco-friendly 1615:1626 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 6 6 from amount 1048:1053 arg1 solution 1071:1078 solution 1071:1078 solution 1071:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 3 7 theme biomass 553:559 arg1 resources 561:569 the most abundant biomass resources 535:569 the most abundant biomass resources 535:569 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 11 8 theme properties 1739:1748 arg1 material 1558:1565 The film material 1549:1565 The film material obtained in the present study 1549:1595 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 8 theme properties 1739:1748 arg1 result 1725:1730 a result 1723:1730 a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose 1723:1789 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 12 9 theme food 1929:1932 arg1 industry 1934:1941 the food industry 1925:1941 the food industry 1925:1941 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 8 10 theme water 1239:1243 arg1 123.09° 1259:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° 1227:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) 1227:1275 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 8 10 theme water 1239:1243 arg1 % 1274:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 9 11 theme flexible 1391:1398 arg1 material 1418:1425 a more flexible and shatter-proof material 1384:1425 a more flexible and shatter-proof material 1384:1425 The higher Eab (58.88%) and lower Em (77.16%) demonstrated that a more flexible and shatter-proof material was obtained. 27996090 8 12 theme value 1253:1257 arg1 123.09° 1259:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° 1227:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) 1227:1275 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 8 12 theme value 1253:1257 arg1 % 1274:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 3 13 theme reliable 604:611 arg1 cellulose 495:503 Microcrystalline cellulose 478:503 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 478:509 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 13 theme reliable 604:611 arg1 food 613:616 a safe and reliable food 593:616 a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake 593:703 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 9 14 theme shatter-proof 1404:1416 arg1 material 1418:1425 a more flexible and shatter-proof material 1384:1425 a more flexible and shatter-proof material 1384:1425 The higher Eab (58.88%) and lower Em (77.16%) demonstrated that a more flexible and shatter-proof material was obtained. 27996090 4 15 theme Food-packaging 706:719 arg1 films 721:725 Food-packaging films 706:725 Food-packaging films with the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose 706:798 Food-packaging films with the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose represent a topic of great interest. 27996090 3 16 theme safe 595:598 arg1 cellulose 495:503 Microcrystalline cellulose 478:503 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 478:509 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 16 theme safe 595:598 arg1 food 613:616 a safe and reliable food 593:616 a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake 593:703 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 7 17 from usage 1199:1203 arg1 industry 1217:1224 the food industry 1208:1224 the food industry 1208:1224 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 1 18 theme many 139:142 arg1 types 144:148 many types 139:148 many types of food-packaging films 139:172 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 0 19 theme ester 73:77 arg1 films 27:31 Eco-friendly biorefractory films 0:31 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 0:109 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 3 20 theme additive 618:625 arg1 cellulose 495:503 Microcrystalline cellulose 478:503 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 478:509 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 20 theme additive 618:625 arg1 food 613:616 a safe and reliable food 593:616 a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake 593:703 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 8 21 theme better 1289:1294 arg1 hydrophobicity 1304:1317 a better surface hydrophobicity 1287:1317 a better surface hydrophobicity 1287:1317 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 0 22 theme food 83:86 arg1 application 98:108 food packaging application 83:108 food packaging application 83:108 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 1 23 theme films 168:172 arg1 BACKGROUND 111:120 BACKGROUND 111:120 BACKGROUND In recent years 111:136 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 23 theme films 168:172 arg1 composites 178:187 composites 178:187 composites 178:187 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 23 theme films 168:172 arg1 types 144:148 many types 139:148 many types of food-packaging films 139:172 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 23 theme films 168:172 arg1 films 168:172 food-packaging films 153:172 food-packaging films 153:172 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 6 24 theme gelatin 1015:1021 arg1 film 1023:1026 gelatin film 1015:1026 gelatin film 1015:1026 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 1 25 from types 144:148 arg1 years 132:136 recent years 125:136 recent years 125:136 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 7 26 dep increased 1137:1145 arg1 C 1162:1162 322.31 o C 1153:1162 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C 1153:1176 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 2 27 theme potential 420:428 arg1 material 468:475 a practical material 456:475 a practical material 456:475 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 2 27 theme potential 420:428 arg1 application 430:440 the potential application 416:440 the potential application of gelatin 416:451 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 4 28 theme excellent 736:744 arg1 properties 746:755 the excellent properties 732:755 the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose 732:798 Food-packaging films with the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose represent a topic of great interest. 27996090 0 29 theme Eco-friendly 0:11 arg1 films 27:31 Eco-friendly biorefractory films 0:31 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 0:109 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 5 30 theme macromolecule 959:971 arg1 cross-linker 973:984 the macromolecule cross-linker 955:984 the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN) 955:990 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 5 30 theme macromolecule 959:971 arg1 TMN 987:989 TMN 987:989 TMN 987:989 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 6 31 theme -NH2 1063:1066 arg1 amount 1048:1053 the minimum amount 1036:1053 the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution 1036:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 6 31 theme -NH2 1063:1066 arg1 -NH2 1063:1066 free -NH2 1058:1066 free -NH2 in solution 1058:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 6 31 theme -NH2 1063:1066 arg1 mol g-1 1095:1101 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 1084:1101 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 1084:1101 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 2 32 theme practical 458:466 arg1 material 468:475 a practical material 456:475 a practical material 456:475 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 2 32 theme practical 458:466 arg1 application 430:440 the potential application 416:440 the potential application of gelatin 416:451 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 12 33 theme cellulosic 1815:1824 arg1 cross-linker 1826:1837 a cellulosic cross-linker 1813:1837 a cellulosic cross-linker 1813:1837 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 5 34 theme RESULTS 837:843 arg1 MCC 845:847 RESULTS MCC 837:847 RESULTS MCC 837:847 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 5 34 theme RESULTS 837:843 arg1 base 947:950 the base 943:950 the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN) 943:990 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 5 35 mod modified 853:860 arg1 MCC 845:847 RESULTS MCC 837:847 RESULTS MCC 837:847 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 5 35 mod modified 853:860 arg3 oxidation 919:927 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation 865:927 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation 865:927 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 5 35 mod modified 853:860 arg1 base 947:950 the base 943:950 the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN) 943:990 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 4 36 theme interest 827:834 arg1 topic 812:816 a topic 810:816 a topic of great interest 810:834 Food-packaging films with the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose represent a topic of great interest. 27996090 3 37 theme Microcrystalline 478:493 arg1 cellulose 495:503 Microcrystalline cellulose 478:503 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 478:509 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 37 theme Microcrystalline 478:493 arg1 food 613:616 a safe and reliable food 593:616 a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake 593:703 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 37 theme Microcrystalline 478:493 arg1 MCC 506:508 MCC 506:508 MCC 506:508 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 0 38 theme gelatin 36:42 arg1 ester 73:77 gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester 36:77 gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester 36:77 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 9 39 theme higher 1324:1329 arg1 Eab 1331:1333 The higher Eab 1320:1333 The higher Eab (58.88%) 1320:1342 The higher Eab (58.88%) and lower Em (77.16%) demonstrated that a more flexible and shatter-proof material was obtained. 27996090 9 39 theme higher 1324:1329 arg1 % 1341:1341 58.88% 1336:1341 58.88% 1336:1341 The higher Eab (58.88%) and lower Em (77.16%) demonstrated that a more flexible and shatter-proof material was obtained. 27996090 7 40 theme 322.31 o 1153:1160 arg1 C 1162:1162 322.31 o C 1153:1162 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C 1153:1176 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 6 41 theme minimum 1040:1046 arg1 amount 1048:1053 the minimum amount 1036:1053 the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution 1036:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 6 41 theme minimum 1040:1046 arg1 -NH2 1063:1066 free -NH2 1058:1066 free -NH2 in solution 1058:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 6 41 theme minimum 1040:1046 arg1 mol g-1 1095:1101 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 1084:1101 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 1084:1101 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 11 42 theme film 1553:1556 arg1 safe 1601:1604 safe 1601:1604 safe 1601:1604 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 42 theme film 1553:1556 arg1 material 1558:1565 The film material 1549:1565 The film material obtained in the present study 1549:1595 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 42 theme film 1553:1556 arg1 result 1725:1730 a result 1723:1730 a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose 1723:1789 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 2 43 theme poor 353:356 arg1 properties 369:378 poor mechanical properties 353:378 poor mechanical properties 353:378 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 0 44 theme TEMPO-oxidized 48:61 arg1 ester 73:77 gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester 36:77 gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester 36:77 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 10 45 theme vapor 1447:1451 arg1 studies 1460:1466 Water vapor uptake studies 1441:1466 Water vapor uptake studies 1441:1466 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 2 46 theme easily-degradable 384:400 arg1 quality 402:408 easily-degradable quality 384:408 easily-degradable quality 384:408 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 1 47 theme good 237:240 arg1 cost-effectiveness 285:302 cost-effectiveness 285:302 cost-effectiveness 285:302 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 47 theme good 237:240 arg1 ability 255:261 its good film-forming ability 233:261 its good film-forming ability 233:261 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 47 theme good 237:240 arg1 nature 274:279 non-toxic nature 264:279 non-toxic nature 264:279 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 10 48 theme increased 1478:1486 arg1 absorption 1497:1506 increased moisture absorption 1478:1506 increased moisture absorption 1478:1506 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 4 49 with films 721:725 arg1 properties 746:755 the excellent properties 732:755 the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose 732:798 Food-packaging films with the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose represent a topic of great interest. 27996090 6 50 from -NH2 1063:1066 arg1 solution 1071:1078 solution 1071:1078 solution 1071:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 3 51 theme resources 561:569 arg1 resources 561:569 the most abundant biomass resources 535:569 the most abundant biomass resources 535:569 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 51 theme resources 561:569 arg1 one 528:530 one 528:530 one 528:530 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 1 52 theme non-toxic 264:272 arg1 ability 255:261 its good film-forming ability 233:261 its good film-forming ability 233:261 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 52 theme non-toxic 264:272 arg1 nature 274:279 non-toxic nature 264:279 non-toxic nature 264:279 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 10 53 theme greater 1512:1518 arg1 ability 1529:1535 greater swelling ability 1512:1535 greater swelling ability 1512:1535 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 6 54 from solution 1071:1078 arg1 amount 1048:1053 the minimum amount 1036:1053 the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution 1036:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 6 54 from solution 1071:1078 arg1 -NH2 1063:1066 free -NH2 1058:1066 free -NH2 in solution 1058:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 6 54 from solution 1071:1078 arg1 mol g-1 1095:1101 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 1084:1101 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 1084:1101 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 3 55 theme abundant 544:551 arg1 resources 561:569 the most abundant biomass resources 535:569 the most abundant biomass resources 535:569 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 2 56 theme weak 329:332 arg1 stability 342:350 the relatively weak thermal stability 314:350 the relatively weak thermal stability 314:350 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 3 57 contain has 638:640 arg2 ingredients 651:661 the same ingredients 642:661 the same ingredients as the cellulose 642:678 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 3 57 contain has 638:640 arg1 it 635:636 it 635:636 it 635:636 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 8 58 theme contact 1245:1251 arg1 123.09° 1259:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° 1227:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) 1227:1275 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 8 58 theme contact 1245:1251 arg1 % 1274:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 1 59 theme recent 125:130 arg1 years 132:136 recent years 125:136 recent years 125:136 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 11 60 theme ingredients 1757:1767 arg1 properties 1739:1748 the properties 1735:1748 the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose 1735:1789 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 5 61 theme -mediated 909:917 arg1 oxidation 919:927 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation 865:927 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation 865:927 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 0 62 theme packaging 88:96 arg1 application 98:108 food packaging application 83:108 food packaging application 83:108 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 12 63 theme ideal 1869:1873 arg1 incorporation 1796:1808 The incorporation 1792:1808 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films 1792:1860 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 12 63 theme ideal 1869:1873 arg1 choice 1875:1880 an ideal choice 1866:1880 an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry 1866:1941 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 1 64 from composites 178:187 arg1 years 132:136 recent years 125:136 recent years 125:136 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 65 theme food-packaging 153:166 arg1 films 168:172 food-packaging films 153:172 food-packaging films 153:172 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 6 66 theme film 1023:1026 arg1 modification 999:1010 modification 999:1010 modification of gelatin film by TMN 999:1033 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 8 67 theme surface 1296:1302 arg1 hydrophobicity 1304:1317 a better surface hydrophobicity 1287:1317 a better surface hydrophobicity 1287:1317 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 11 68 dep ingredients 1757:1767 arg1 ingredients 1757:1767 the ingredients gelatin and cellulose 1753:1789 the ingredients gelatin and cellulose 1753:1789 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 68 dep ingredients 1757:1767 arg1 cellulose 1781:1789 cellulose 1781:1789 cellulose 1781:1789 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 11 68 dep ingredients 1757:1767 arg1 gelatin 1769:1775 gelatin 1769:1775 gelatin 1769:1775 CONCLUSION The film material obtained in the present study was safe, stable, eco-friendly and biorefractory and could also be decomposed completely by the environment after disposal as a result of the properties of the ingredients gelatin and cellulose. 27996090 12 69 theme gelatin-based 1842:1854 arg1 films 1856:1860 gelatin-based films 1842:1860 gelatin-based films 1842:1860 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 8 70 theme highest 1231:1237 arg1 123.09° 1259:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° 1227:1265 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) 1227:1275 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 8 70 theme highest 1231:1237 arg1 % 1274:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 η = 25% 1268:1274 The highest water contact value 123.09° (η = 25%) indicated a better surface hydrophobicity. 27996090 0 71 theme biorefractory 13:25 arg1 films 27:31 Eco-friendly biorefractory films 0:31 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 0:109 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 5 72 theme cross-linker 973:984 arg1 MCC 845:847 RESULTS MCC 837:847 RESULTS MCC 837:847 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 5 72 theme cross-linker 973:984 arg1 base 947:950 the base 943:950 the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN) 943:990 RESULTS MCC was modified by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and chosen as the base of the macromolecule cross-linker (TMN). 27996090 6 73 theme free 1058:1061 arg1 -NH2 1063:1066 free -NH2 1058:1066 free -NH2 in solution 1058:1078 After modification of gelatin film by TMN, the minimum amount of free -NH2 in solution was 4.8 × 10-4 mol g-1 ). 27996090 3 74 theme same 646:649 arg1 ingredients 651:661 the same ingredients 642:661 the same ingredients as the cellulose 642:678 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 2 75 theme gelatin 445:451 arg1 material 468:475 a practical material 456:475 a practical material 456:475 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 2 75 theme gelatin 445:451 arg1 application 430:440 the potential application 416:440 the potential application of gelatin 416:451 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 12 76 theme cross-linker 1826:1837 arg1 incorporation 1796:1808 The incorporation 1792:1808 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films 1792:1860 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 12 76 theme cross-linker 1826:1837 arg1 choice 1875:1880 an ideal choice 1866:1880 an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry 1866:1941 The incorporation of a cellulosic cross-linker to gelatin-based films was an ideal choice with respect to developing a packaging for the food industry. 27996090 4 77 theme great 821:825 arg1 interest 827:834 great interest 821:834 great interest 821:834 Food-packaging films with the excellent properties provided by gelatin and oxidized-cellulose represent a topic of great interest. 27996090 0 78 theme cellulose 63:71 arg1 ester 73:77 gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester 36:77 gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester 36:77 Eco-friendly biorefractory films of gelatin and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ester for food packaging application. 27996090 10 79 theme uptake 1453:1458 arg1 studies 1460:1466 Water vapor uptake studies 1441:1466 Water vapor uptake studies 1441:1466 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 13 80 theme Chemical 1962:1969 arg1 Industry 1971:1978 Chemical Industry 1962:1978 Chemical Industry 1962:1978 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27996090 1 81 from BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 years 132:136 recent years 125:136 recent years 125:136 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 10 82 theme Water 1441:1445 arg1 studies 1460:1466 Water vapor uptake studies 1441:1466 Water vapor uptake studies 1441:1466 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 2 83 theme thermal 334:340 arg1 stability 342:350 the relatively weak thermal stability 314:350 the relatively weak thermal stability 314:350 However, the relatively weak thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and easily-degradable quality limit the potential application of gelatin as a practical material. 27996090 10 84 theme moisture 1488:1495 arg1 absorption 1497:1506 increased moisture absorption 1478:1506 increased moisture absorption 1478:1506 Water vapor uptake studies suggested increased moisture absorption and greater swelling ability. 27996090 3 85 theme daily 692:696 arg1 intake 698:703 people's daily intake 683:703 people's daily intake 683:703 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which comprises one of the most abundant biomass resources, has been regarded as a safe and reliable food additive because it has the same ingredients as the cellulose in people's daily intake. 27996090 1 86 theme film-forming 242:253 arg1 cost-effectiveness 285:302 cost-effectiveness 285:302 cost-effectiveness 285:302 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 86 theme film-forming 242:253 arg1 ability 255:261 its good film-forming ability 233:261 its good film-forming ability 233:261 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 1 86 theme film-forming 242:253 arg1 nature 274:279 non-toxic nature 264:279 non-toxic nature 264:279 BACKGROUND In recent years, many types of food-packaging films and composites have been prepared using gelatin because of its good film-forming ability, non-toxic nature and cost-effectiveness. 27996090 7 87 theme 352.63 o 1167:1174 arg1 C 1176:1176 352.63 o C 1167:1176 352.63 o C 1167:1176 The thermal property obviously increased (from 322.31 o C to 352.63 o C) and was crucial for usage in the food industry. 27996090 9 88 theme lower 1348:1352 arg1 Em 1354:1355 lower Em 1348:1355 lower Em (77.16%) 1348:1364 The higher Eab (58.88%) and lower Em (77.16%) demonstrated that a more flexible and shatter-proof material was obtained. 27996090 9 88 theme lower 1348:1352 arg1 % 1363:1363 77.16% 1358:1363 77.16% 1358:1363 The higher Eab (58.88%) and lower Em (77.16%) demonstrated that a more flexible and shatter-proof material was obtained. 26758895 5 0 theme simulated 742:750 arg1 fluid 757:761 simulated body fluid 742:761 simulated body fluid 742:761 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 1 1 theme feasible 169:176 arg1 deposition 136:145 Electrophoretic deposition 120:145 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 120:151 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 1 1 theme feasible 169:176 arg1 technique 178:186 a facile and feasible technique 156:186 a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants 156:278 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 0 2 theme Ti 106:107 arg1 substrate 109:117 Ti substrate 106:117 Ti substrate 106:117 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 5 3 theme body 752:755 arg1 fluid 757:761 simulated body fluid 742:761 simulated body fluid 742:761 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 2 4 from coating 365:371 arg1 substrate 379:387 Ti substrate 376:387 Ti substrate 376:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 5 5 theme Ti 838:839 arg1 substrate 841:849 Ti substrate 838:849 Ti substrate 838:849 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 2 6 theme oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite 314:342 arg1 coating 365:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating 295:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate 295:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 5 7 theme substrate 841:849 arg1 protection 824:833 effective protection 814:833 effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion 814:864 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 5 8 theme potentiodynamic 705:719 arg1 test 734:737 The potentiodynamic polarization test 701:737 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid 701:761 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 6 9 theme good 913:916 arg1 biocompatibility 918:933 good biocompatibility 913:933 good biocompatibility 913:933 This ternary composite coating also exhibited good biocompatibility during incubation with MG63 cells. 26758895 2 10 theme graphene 305:312 arg1 coating 365:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating 295:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate 295:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 1 11 theme functional 199:208 arg1 coatings 224:231 functional nanocomposite coatings 199:231 functional nanocomposite coatings 199:231 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 5 12 theme polarization 721:732 arg1 test 734:737 The potentiodynamic polarization test 701:737 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid 701:761 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 2 13 theme ternary 297:303 arg1 coating 365:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating 295:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate 295:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 3 14 dep transform 564:572 arg1 infrared 574:581 infrared 574:581 transform infrared spectroscopy 564:594 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 3 15 theme scanning 486:493 arg1 microscopy 504:513 scanning electron microscopy 486:513 scanning electron microscopy 486:513 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 0 16 theme Electrophoretic 0:14 arg1 deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide 0:43 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 5 17 from test 734:737 arg1 fluid 757:761 simulated body fluid 742:761 simulated body fluid 742:761 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 7 18 theme aureus 1058:1063 arg1 attachment 1029:1038 the attachment 1025:1038 the attachment of Staphylococcus aureus 1025:1063 In addition, the nanocomposite coatings could decrease the attachment of Staphylococcus aureus. 26758895 1 19 theme Electrophoretic 120:134 arg1 EPD 148:150 EPD 148:150 EPD 148:150 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 1 19 theme Electrophoretic 120:134 arg1 deposition 136:145 Electrophoretic deposition 120:145 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 120:151 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 1 19 theme Electrophoretic 120:134 arg1 technique 178:186 a facile and feasible technique 156:186 a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants 156:278 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 1 20 theme nanocomposite 210:222 arg1 coatings 224:231 functional nanocomposite coatings 199:231 functional nanocomposite coatings 199:231 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 0 21 theme graphene 30:37 arg1 oxide 39:43 graphene oxide 30:43 graphene oxide 30:43 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 6 22 theme composite 880:888 arg1 coating 890:896 This ternary composite coating 867:896 This ternary composite coating 867:896 This ternary composite coating also exhibited good biocompatibility during incubation with MG63 cells. 26758895 2 23 theme composite 355:363 arg1 coating 365:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating 295:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate 295:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 3 24 theme thermogravimetric 600:616 arg1 analysis 618:625 thermogravimetric analysis 600:625 thermogravimetric analysis 600:625 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 2 25 theme GO-CS-HA 345:352 arg1 coating 365:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating 295:371 a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate 295:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 4 26 theme GO-CS 641:645 arg1 surface 647:653 GO-CS surface 641:653 GO-CS surface 641:653 It was found GO-CS surface were uniformly decorated by HA nanoparticles. 26758895 5 27 theme effective 814:822 arg1 protection 824:833 effective protection 814:833 effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion 814:864 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 7 28 theme nanocomposite 987:999 arg1 coatings 1001:1008 the nanocomposite coatings 983:1008 the nanocomposite coatings 983:1008 In addition, the nanocomposite coatings could decrease the attachment of Staphylococcus aureus. 26758895 3 29 theme electron 495:502 arg1 microscopy 504:513 scanning electron microscopy 486:513 scanning electron microscopy 486:513 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 3 30 theme contact 516:522 arg1 test 530:533 contact angle test 516:533 contact angle test 516:533 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 0 31 theme oxide 39:43 arg1 deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide 0:43 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 6 32 with incubation 942:951 arg1 cells 963:967 MG63 cells 958:967 MG63 cells 958:967 This ternary composite coating also exhibited good biocompatibility during incubation with MG63 cells. 26758895 1 33 from application 237:247 arg1 implants 271:278 orthopedic-related implants 252:278 orthopedic-related implants 252:278 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 3 34 theme angle 524:528 arg1 test 530:533 contact angle test 516:533 contact angle test 516:533 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 0 35 theme nanocomposite 80:92 arg1 coatings 94:101 chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings 56:101 chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate 56:117 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 0 36 from coatings 94:101 arg1 substrate 109:117 Ti substrate 106:117 Ti substrate 106:117 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 0 37 theme chitosan-hydroxyapatite 56:78 arg1 coatings 94:101 chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings 56:101 chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate 56:117 Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. 26758895 5 38 theme GO-CS-HA 782:789 arg1 coatings 791:798 the GO-CS-HA coatings 778:798 the GO-CS-HA coatings 778:798 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 2 39 theme Ti 376:377 arg1 substrate 379:387 Ti substrate 376:387 Ti substrate 376:387 In this work, a ternary graphene oxide-chitosan-hydroxyapatite (GO-CS-HA) composite coating on Ti substrate was successfully fabricated by EPD. 26758895 1 40 theme orthopedic-related 252:269 arg1 implants 271:278 orthopedic-related implants 252:278 orthopedic-related implants 252:278 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 3 41 dep Fourier 556:562 arg1 transform 564:572 transform 564:572 transform infrared spectroscopy 564:594 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 5 42 from corrosion 856:864 arg1 protection 824:833 effective protection 814:833 effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion 814:864 The potentiodynamic polarization test in simulated body fluid indicated that the GO-CS-HA coatings could provide effective protection of Ti substrate from corrosion. 26758895 6 43 theme ternary 872:878 arg1 coating 890:896 This ternary composite coating 867:896 This ternary composite coating 867:896 This ternary composite coating also exhibited good biocompatibility during incubation with MG63 cells. 26758895 3 44 theme Raman 536:540 arg1 spectroscopy 542:553 Raman spectroscopy 536:553 Raman spectroscopy 536:553 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 6 45 theme MG63 958:961 arg1 cells 963:967 MG63 cells 958:967 MG63 cells 958:967 This ternary composite coating also exhibited good biocompatibility during incubation with MG63 cells. 26758895 1 46 theme facile 158:163 arg1 deposition 136:145 Electrophoretic deposition 120:145 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 120:151 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 1 46 theme facile 158:163 arg1 technique 178:186 a facile and feasible technique 156:186 a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants 156:278 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a facile and feasible technique to prepare functional nanocomposite coatings for application in orthopedic-related implants. 26758895 3 47 theme Coating 425:431 arg1 microstructure 433:446 Coating microstructure 425:446 Coating microstructure 425:446 Coating microstructure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 26758895 4 48 theme HA 683:684 arg1 nanoparticles 686:698 HA nanoparticles 683:698 HA nanoparticles 683:698 It was found GO-CS surface were uniformly decorated by HA nanoparticles. 24336611 7 0 theme fructose 1352:1359 arg1 content 1361:1367 glucose and fructose content 1340:1367 glucose and fructose content 1340:1367 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 1 theme mPa 1614:1616 arg1 -1 1624:1625 -1 1624:1625 -1 1624:1625 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 1 theme mPa 1614:1616 arg1 MPa 1620:1622 0.27 mPa s MPa 1609:1622 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1609:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 3 2 theme cell 646:649 arg1 kp 665:666 kp 665:666 kp 665:666 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 3 2 theme cell 646:649 arg1 conductivity 651:662 Phloem sieve cell conductivity 633:662 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) 633:667 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 8 3 theme Modeled 1629:1635 arg1 kp 1637:1638 Modeled kp 1629:1638 Modeled kp 1629:1638 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 8 4 from trends 1732:1737 arg1 anatomy 1753:1759 sieve cell anatomy 1742:1759 sieve cell anatomy 1742:1759 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 1 5 theme phloem 222:227 arg1 characteristics 247:261 phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 200:261 characteristics 247:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 6 theme glucose 1340:1346 arg1 content 1361:1367 glucose and fructose content 1340:1367 glucose and fructose content 1340:1367 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 2 7 theme phloem 540:545 arg1 composition 551:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 6 8 theme MPa 1175:1177 arg1 decrease 1179:1186 each 1 MPa decrease 1168:1186 each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl 1168:1204 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 1 9 theme compositional 233:245 arg1 characteristics 247:261 phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 200:261 characteristics 247:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 2 10 theme impacts 583:589 arg1 terms 489:493 terms 489:493 terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 489:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 7 11 theme significant 1283:1293 arg1 trend 1295:1299 no significant trend 1280:1299 no significant trend 1280:1299 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 1 12 theme processes 146:154 arg1 number 119:124 a number 117:124 a number of plant functional processes 117:154 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 1 12 theme processes 146:154 arg1 impact 174:179 the potential impact 160:179 the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 160:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 13 theme significant 1572:1582 arg1 increase 1584:1591 a significant increase 1570:1591 a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1570:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 2 14 theme water 524:528 arg1 stress 530:535 water stress 524:535 water stress 524:535 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 5 15 from impacts 1103:1109 arg1 kp 1130:1131 kp 1130:1131 kp 1130:1131 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 4 16 theme stress 845:850 arg1 influence 826:834 the influence 822:834 the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity 822:879 Franco) trees in order to evaluate the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity. 24336611 5 17 theme sap 1005:1007 arg1 content 1038:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content 1010:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap 1010:1058 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 17 theme sap 1005:1007 arg1 characteristics 964:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 17 theme sap 1005:1007 arg1 content 987:993 water content 981:993 water content of phloem sap 981:1007 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 17 theme sap 1005:1007 arg1 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 17 theme sap 1005:1007 arg1 potential 1076:1084 shoot water potential 1064:1084 shoot water potential (Ψl) 1064:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 4 18 theme phloem 855:860 arg1 capacity 872:879 phloem transport capacity 855:879 phloem transport capacity 855:879 Franco) trees in order to evaluate the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity. 24336611 3 19 theme xylem 719:723 arg1 potential 731:739 xylem water potential 719:739 xylem water potential 719:739 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 6 20 theme cell 1213:1216 arg1 radius 1224:1229 sieve cell lumen radius 1207:1229 sieve cell lumen radius 1207:1229 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 5 21 theme non-structural 1010:1023 arg1 content 1038:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content 1010:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap 1010:1058 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 1 22 theme water 184:188 arg1 stress 190:195 water stress 184:195 water stress 184:195 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 2 23 theme stress 530:535 arg1 impacts 513:519 the short-term impacts 498:519 the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition 498:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 2 23 theme stress 530:535 arg1 impacts 583:589 the longer-term impacts 567:589 the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 567:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 2 24 from transport 461:469 arg1 trees 474:478 trees 474:478 trees 474:478 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 3 25 theme height 708:713 arg1 gradient 691:698 a gradient 689:698 a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir 689:754 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 5 26 theme water 981:985 arg1 content 987:993 water content 981:993 water content of phloem sap 981:1007 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 4 27 from influence 826:834 arg1 capacity 872:879 phloem transport capacity 855:879 phloem transport capacity 855:879 Franco) trees in order to evaluate the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity. 24336611 6 28 theme midday 1196:1201 arg1 Ψl 1203:1204 mean midday Ψl 1191:1204 mean midday Ψl 1191:1204 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 7 29 theme % 1466:1466 arg1 -1 1472:1473 -1 1472:1473 -1 1472:1473 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 29 theme % 1466:1466 arg1 MPa 1468:1470 13.5% MPa 1462:1470 13.5% MPa(-1) 1462:1474 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 8 30 dep trends 1677:1682 arg1 both 1669:1672 both 1669:1672 both 1669:1672 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 3 31 theme potential 731:739 arg1 gradient 691:698 a gradient 689:698 a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir 689:754 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 2 32 theme phloem 454:459 arg1 transport 461:469 phloem transport 454:469 phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 454:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 8 33 theme water 1711:1715 arg1 trends 1732:1737 water stress-related trends 1711:1737 water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy 1711:1759 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 8 34 theme sieve 1742:1746 arg1 anatomy 1753:1759 sieve cell anatomy 1742:1759 sieve cell anatomy 1742:1759 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 1 35 theme water 309:313 arg1 stress 315:320 water stress 309:320 water stress 309:320 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 1 36 theme plant 129:133 arg1 processes 146:154 plant functional processes 129:154 plant functional processes 129:154 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 37 theme mol 1548:1550 arg1 l 1552:1552 0.46 mol l(-1) 1543:1556 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1543:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 2 38 theme cell 600:603 arg1 characteristics 616:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 5 39 theme content 1038:1044 arg1 measurements 926:937 measurements 926:937 measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) 926:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 40 theme relative 1426:1433 arg1 content 1441:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 5 41 theme phloem 1049:1054 arg1 sap 1056:1058 phloem sap 1049:1058 phloem sap 1049:1058 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 42 theme molar 1520:1524 arg1 concentration 1526:1538 sugar molar concentration 1514:1538 sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1514:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 5 43 used used 916:919 arg2 equation 903:910 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation 882:910 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation 882:910 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 1 44 theme little 264:269 arg1 research 271:278 little research 264:278 little research 264:278 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 2 45 dep trees 474:478 arg1 both 481:484 both 481:484 both 481:484 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 7 46 theme significant 1490:1500 arg1 increase 1502:1509 a significant increase 1488:1509 a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1488:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 0 47 theme stress 21:26 arg1 impacts 4:10 The impacts 0:10 The impacts of water stress on phloem 0:36 The impacts of water stress on phloem transport in Douglas-fir trees. 24336611 7 48 theme water 1398:1402 arg1 stress 1404:1409 water stress 1398:1409 water stress 1398:1409 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 5 49 theme anatomical 953:962 arg1 characteristics 964:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 3 50 dep evaluated 673:681 arg1 Pseudotsuga 757:767 Pseudotsuga 757:767 Pseudotsuga 757:767 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 3 50 dep evaluated 673:681 arg1 Mirb 780:783 Mirb 780:783 Mirb 780:783 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 3 51 theme sieve 640:644 arg1 kp 665:666 kp 665:666 kp 665:666 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 3 51 theme sieve 640:644 arg1 conductivity 651:662 Phloem sieve cell conductivity 633:662 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) 633:667 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 1 52 theme stress 190:195 arg1 number 119:124 a number 117:124 a number of plant functional processes 117:154 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 1 52 theme stress 190:195 arg1 impact 174:179 the potential impact 160:179 the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 160:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 53 theme s 1618:1618 arg1 -1 1624:1625 -1 1624:1625 -1 1624:1625 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 53 theme s 1618:1618 arg1 MPa 1620:1622 0.27 mPa s MPa 1609:1622 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1609:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 1 54 dep role 91:94 arg1 plays 108:112 plays 108:112 plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 108:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 2 55 from terms 489:493 arg1 composition 551:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 2 55 from terms 489:493 arg1 characteristics 616:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 5 56 theme sieve 942:946 arg1 characteristics 964:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 57 theme 0.27 1609:1612 arg1 -1 1624:1625 -1 1624:1625 -1 1624:1625 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 57 theme 0.27 1609:1612 arg1 MPa 1620:1622 0.27 mPa s MPa 1609:1622 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1609:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 6 58 theme mean 1191:1194 arg1 Ψl 1203:1204 mean midday Ψl 1191:1204 mean midday Ψl 1191:1204 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 5 59 theme stress 1120:1125 arg1 impacts 1103:1109 impacts 1103:1109 impacts of water stress on kp 1103:1131 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 2 60 theme sap 547:549 arg1 composition 551:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 2 61 from impacts 513:519 arg1 composition 551:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 2 61 from impacts 513:519 arg1 characteristics 616:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 1 62 theme sap 229:231 arg1 characteristics 247:261 phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 200:261 characteristics 247:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 63 theme sucrose 1304:1310 arg1 content 1312:1318 sucrose content 1304:1318 sucrose content 1304:1318 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 6 64 theme 1 1173:1173 arg1 MPa 1175:1177 MPa 1175:1177 MPa 1175:1177 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 1 65 theme functional 135:144 arg1 processes 146:154 plant functional processes 129:154 plant functional processes 129:154 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 2 66 theme longer-term 571:581 arg1 impacts 583:589 the longer-term impacts 567:589 the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 567:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 6 67 from decrease 1179:1186 arg1 Ψl 1203:1204 mean midday Ψl 1191:1204 mean midday Ψl 1191:1204 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 5 68 theme water 1070:1074 arg1 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 68 theme water 1070:1074 arg1 potential 1076:1084 shoot water potential 1064:1084 shoot water potential (Ψl) 1064:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 3 69 theme tree 703:706 arg1 height 708:713 tree height 703:713 tree height 703:713 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 1 70 theme potential 164:172 arg1 impact 174:179 the potential impact 160:179 the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 160:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 4 71 theme water 839:843 arg1 stress 845:850 water stress 839:850 water stress 839:850 Franco) trees in order to evaluate the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity. 24336611 6 72 theme lumen 1218:1222 arg1 radius 1224:1229 sieve cell lumen radius 1207:1229 sieve cell lumen radius 1207:1229 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 6 73 theme regression 1143:1152 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 regression analysis 1143:1161 regression analysis 1143:1161 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 3 74 theme water 725:729 arg1 potential 731:739 xylem water potential 719:739 xylem water potential 719:739 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 6 75 theme sieve 1207:1211 arg1 radius 1224:1229 sieve cell lumen radius 1207:1229 sieve cell lumen radius 1207:1229 Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Ψl, sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 µm MPa(-1). 24336611 5 76 theme carbohydrate 1025:1036 arg1 content 1038:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content 1010:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap 1010:1058 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 2 77 theme short-term 502:511 arg1 impacts 513:519 the short-term impacts 498:519 the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition 498:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 8 78 theme stress-related 1717:1730 arg1 trends 1732:1737 water stress-related trends 1711:1737 water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy 1711:1759 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 5 79 theme content 987:993 arg1 measurements 926:937 measurements 926:937 measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) 926:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 1 80 from impact 174:179 arg1 characteristics 247:261 phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 200:261 characteristics 247:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 1 80 from impact 174:179 arg1 structural 207:216 structural 207:216 structural 207:216 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 81 theme 13.5 1462:1465 arg1 % 1466:1466 % 1466:1466 % 1466:1466 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 2 82 theme impacts 513:519 arg1 terms 489:493 terms 489:493 terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 489:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 0 83 theme Douglas-fir 51:61 arg1 trees 63:67 Douglas-fir trees 51:67 Douglas-fir trees 51:67 The impacts of water stress on phloem transport in Douglas-fir trees. 24336611 5 84 theme phloem 998:1003 arg1 sap 1005:1007 phloem sap 998:1007 phloem sap 998:1007 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 85 theme MPa 1558:1560 arg1 concentration 1526:1538 sugar molar concentration 1514:1538 sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1514:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 2 86 from characteristics 616:630 arg1 terms 489:493 terms 489:493 terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 489:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 8 87 theme cell 1748:1751 arg1 anatomy 1753:1759 sieve cell anatomy 1742:1759 sieve cell anatomy 1742:1759 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 5 88 theme shoot 1064:1068 arg1 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 88 theme shoot 1064:1068 arg1 potential 1076:1084 shoot water potential 1064:1084 shoot water potential (Ψl) 1064:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 89 theme water 1435:1439 arg1 content 1441:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 0 90 from impacts 4:10 arg1 phloem 31:36 phloem 31:36 phloem 31:36 The impacts of water stress on phloem transport in Douglas-fir trees. 24336611 2 91 theme anatomical 605:614 arg1 characteristics 616:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 5 92 theme potential 1076:1084 arg1 measurements 926:937 measurements 926:937 measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) 926:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 93 theme Hagen-Poiseuille 886:901 arg1 equation 903:910 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation 882:910 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation 882:910 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 94 theme l 1552:1552 arg1 MPa 1558:1560 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa 1543:1560 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1543:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 94 theme l 1552:1552 arg1 -1 1562:1563 -1 1562:1563 -1 1562:1563 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 95 theme cell 1421:1424 arg1 content 1441:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 4 96 theme transport 862:870 arg1 capacity 872:879 phloem transport capacity 855:879 phloem transport capacity 855:879 Franco) trees in order to evaluate the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity. 24336611 2 97 theme sieve 594:598 arg1 characteristics 616:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 1 98 theme phloem 333:338 arg1 transport 340:348 phloem transport 333:348 phloem transport 333:348 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 1 99 from number 119:124 arg1 characteristics 247:261 phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 200:261 characteristics 247:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 1 99 from number 119:124 arg1 structural 207:216 structural 207:216 structural 207:216 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 3 100 from gradient 691:698 arg1 Douglas-fir 744:754 Douglas-fir 744:754 Douglas-fir 744:754 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 5 101 theme sap 1056:1058 arg1 content 1038:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content 1010:1044 non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap 1010:1058 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 101 theme sap 1056:1058 arg1 characteristics 964:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 101 theme sap 1056:1058 arg1 content 987:993 water content 981:993 water content of phloem sap 981:1007 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 101 theme sap 1056:1058 arg1 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 Ψl 1087:1088 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 5 101 theme sap 1056:1058 arg1 potential 1076:1084 shoot water potential 1064:1084 shoot water potential (Ψl) 1064:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 2 102 theme accurate 403:410 arg1 understanding 412:424 a more accurate understanding 396:424 a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 396:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 0 103 theme water 15:19 arg1 stress 21:26 water stress 15:26 water stress 15:26 The impacts of water stress on phloem transport in Douglas-fir trees. 24336611 1 104 theme critical 82:89 arg1 role 91:94 the critical role 78:94 the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics 78:261 Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. 24336611 7 105 theme sugar 1514:1518 arg1 concentration 1526:1538 sugar molar concentration 1514:1538 sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1514:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 2 106 from composition 551:561 arg1 terms 489:493 terms 489:493 terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics 489:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 5 107 theme water 1114:1118 arg1 stress 1120:1125 water stress 1114:1125 water stress 1114:1125 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 7 108 theme sieve 1415:1419 arg1 content 1441:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 sieve cell relative water content 1415:1447 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 5 109 theme cell 948:951 arg1 characteristics 964:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 942:978 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 2 110 theme water 433:437 arg1 stress 439:444 water stress 433:444 water stress 433:444 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 8 111 from trends 1677:1682 arg1 viscosity 1687:1695 viscosity 1687:1695 viscosity 1687:1695 Modeled kp was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. 24336611 2 112 theme study 374:378 arg1 objectives 355:364 The objectives 351:364 The objectives of this study 351:378 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 5 113 theme characteristics 964:978 arg1 measurements 926:937 measurements 926:937 measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) 926:1089 The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Ψl) to evaluate impacts of water stress on kp. 24336611 2 114 from impacts 583:589 arg1 composition 551:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 phloem sap composition 540:561 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 2 114 from impacts 583:589 arg1 characteristics 616:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 sieve cell anatomical characteristics 594:630 The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. 24336611 3 115 theme Phloem 633:638 arg1 kp 665:666 kp 665:666 kp 665:666 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 3 115 theme Phloem 633:638 arg1 conductivity 651:662 Phloem sieve cell conductivity 633:662 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) 633:667 Phloem sieve cell conductivity (kp) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) 24336611 7 116 from increase 1502:1509 arg1 concentration 1526:1538 sugar molar concentration 1514:1538 sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1514:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 116 from increase 1502:1509 arg1 viscosity 1596:1604 viscosity 1596:1604 viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1596:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 117 theme MPa 1620:1622 arg1 viscosity 1596:1604 viscosity 1596:1604 viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1596:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 118 from increase 1584:1591 arg1 concentration 1526:1538 sugar molar concentration 1514:1538 sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) 1514:1564 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 24336611 7 118 from increase 1584:1591 arg1 viscosity 1596:1604 viscosity 1596:1604 viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1) 1596:1626 Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Ψl, glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa(-1), leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa(-1) and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa(-1). 28970843 5 0 theme high 847:850 arg1 activity 852:859 high activity 847:859 high activity 847:859 UGPases had high activity with D-Glc-1-P, but could also react with Fru-1-P and Fru-2-P (Km values over 10 mM). 28970843 6 1 theme earlier 962:968 arg1 report 970:975 an earlier report 959:975 an earlier report 959:975 Contrary to an earlier report, their activity with Gal-1-P was extremely low. 28970843 1 2 gly glycoproteins 207:219 arg1 etc 235:237 etc 235:237 etc 235:237 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 2 gly glycoproteins 207:219 arg1 glycolipids 222:232 glycolipids 222:232 glycolipids 222:232 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 2 gly glycoproteins 207:219 arg1 glycoproteins 207:219 glycoproteins 207:219 glycoproteins 207:219 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 2 gly glycoproteins 207:219 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 cell wall polysaccharides 171:195 cell wall polysaccharides 171:195 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 9 3 from C4 1382:1383 arg1 conformations/substituents 1348:1373 different conformations/substituents 1338:1373 different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar 1338:1423 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 12 4 from role 1955:1958 arg1 activation 1995:2004 sugar activation 1989:2004 sugar activation for glycosylated end-products 1989:2034 The results are discussed with respect to the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products. 28970843 9 5 theme different 1338:1346 arg1 conformations/substituents 1348:1373 different conformations/substituents 1338:1373 different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar 1338:1423 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 9 6 from C2 1378:1379 arg1 conformations/substituents 1348:1373 different conformations/substituents 1338:1373 different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar 1338:1423 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 5 7 contain had 843:845 arg2 activity 852:859 high activity 847:859 high activity 847:859 UGPases had high activity with D-Glc-1-P, but could also react with Fru-1-P and Fru-2-P (Km values over 10 mM). 28970843 5 7 contain had 843:845 arg1 UGPases 835:841 UGPases 835:841 UGPases 835:841 UGPases had high activity with D-Glc-1-P, but could also react with Fru-1-P and Fru-2-P (Km values over 10 mM). 28970843 10 8 theme sugar 1632:1636 arg1 binding 1638:1644 sugar binding 1632:1644 sugar binding 1632:1644 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 10 9 theme Homology 1506:1513 arg1 models 1515:1520 Homology models 1506:1520 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 1506:1572 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 9 10 theme crucial 1430:1436 arg1 determinants 1438:1449 crucial determinants 1430:1449 crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase 1430:1503 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 9 11 theme substrate 1454:1462 arg1 specificity 1464:1474 substrate specificity 1454:1474 substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase 1454:1503 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 6 12 with activity 984:991 arg1 Gal-1-P 998:1004 Gal-1-P 998:1004 Gal-1-P 998:1004 Contrary to an earlier report, their activity with Gal-1-P was extremely low. 28970843 3 13 theme substrate 392:400 arg1 specificities 402:414 substrate specificities 392:414 substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 392:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 9 14 theme sugar 1419:1423 arg1 ring 1409:1412 the pyranose ring 1396:1412 the pyranose ring of a sugar 1396:1423 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 10 15 theme substrate 1673:1681 arg1 specificity 1683:1693 substrate specificity 1673:1693 substrate specificity of these proteins 1673:1711 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 9 16 theme specificity 1464:1474 arg1 determinants 1438:1449 crucial determinants 1430:1449 crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase 1430:1503 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 5 17 theme Km 924:925 arg1 values 927:932 Km values 924:932 Km values over 10 mM 924:943 UGPases had high activity with D-Glc-1-P, but could also react with Fru-1-P and Fru-2-P (Km values over 10 mM). 28970843 9 18 theme ring 1409:1412 arg1 C4 1382:1383 C4 1382:1383 C4 1382:1383 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 9 18 theme ring 1409:1412 arg1 C5 1390:1391 C5 1390:1391 C5 1390:1391 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 9 18 theme ring 1409:1412 arg1 C2 1378:1379 C2 1378:1379 C2 1378:1379 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 7 19 dep α-D-Fuc-1-P 1151:1161 arg1 Km 1164:1165 Km 1164:1165 Km of 3.4 mM 1164:1175 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 8 20 dep D-Glc-1-P 1301:1309 arg1 Km 1312:1313 Km 1312:1313 Km of 3.2 mM 1312:1323 In contrast, UAGPase2 reacted only with D-GlcNAc-1-P, D-GalNAc-1-P (Km of 1 mM) and, to some extent, D-Glc-1-P (Km of 3.2 mM). 28970843 3 21 theme glucosamine 576:586 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 21 theme glucosamine 576:586 arg1 UAGPase2 608:615 UAGPase2 608:615 UAGPase2 608:615 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 21 theme glucosamine 576:586 arg1 pyrophosphorylase2 588:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 551:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 551:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 22 theme pyrophosphorylases 469:486 arg1 specificities 402:414 substrate specificities 392:414 substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 392:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 11 23 theme common 1845:1850 arg1 architecture 1863:1874 a common structural architecture 1843:1874 a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases 1843:1906 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 7 24 theme mM 1130:1131 arg1 Km 1120:1121 Km 1120:1121 Km of 1.3 mM 1120:1131 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 10 25 theme UDP 1611:1613 arg1 binding 1615:1621 UDP binding 1611:1621 UDP binding 1611:1621 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 3 26 theme barley 419:424 arg1 specificities 402:414 substrate specificities 392:414 substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 392:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 10 27 theme UDP-sugar 1525:1533 arg1 models 1515:1520 Homology models 1506:1520 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 1506:1572 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 10 28 theme proteins 1704:1711 arg1 specificity 1683:1693 substrate specificity 1673:1693 substrate specificity of these proteins 1673:1711 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 9 29 theme given 1481:1485 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 1487:1503 a given pyrophosphorylase 1479:1503 a given pyrophosphorylase 1479:1503 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 11 30 theme pyrophosphorylases 1889:1906 arg1 architecture 1863:1874 a common structural architecture 1843:1874 a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases 1843:1906 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 0 31 theme Substrate 0:8 arg1 Specificity 10:20 Substrate Specificity 0:20 Substrate Specificity 0:20 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 1 32 theme essential 112:120 arg1 UDP-sugars 97:106 UDP-sugars 97:106 UDP-sugars 97:106 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 32 theme essential 112:120 arg1 precursors 122:131 essential precursors 112:131 essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc 112:237 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 3 33 theme UDP-glucose 457:467 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 33 theme UDP-glucose 457:467 arg1 pyrophosphorylase2 588:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 551:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 551:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 33 theme UDP-glucose 457:467 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 520:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase 498:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) 498:545 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 33 theme UDP-glucose 457:467 arg1 UGPase 489:494 UGPase 489:494 UGPase 489:494 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 33 theme UDP-glucose 457:467 arg1 isozymes 447:454 two isozymes 443:454 two isozymes 443:454 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 0 34 theme Inhibitor 26:34 arg1 Sensitivity 36:46 Inhibitor Sensitivity 26:46 Inhibitor Sensitivity 26:46 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 11 35 theme UGPase 1797:1802 arg1 activities 1815:1824 UGPase and USPase activities 1797:1824 UGPase and USPase activities 1797:1824 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 2 36 theme pyrophosphorylases 328:345 arg1 action 294:299 the action 290:299 the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates 290:383 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. 28970843 10 37 theme common 1588:1593 arg1 acids 1601:1605 more common amino acids 1583:1605 more common amino acids 1583:1605 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 7 38 theme mM 1174:1175 arg1 Km 1164:1165 Km 1164:1165 Km of 3.4 mM 1164:1175 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 8 39 dep D-GalNAc-1-P 1254:1265 arg1 Km 1268:1269 Km 1268:1269 Km of 1 mM 1268:1277 In contrast, UAGPase2 reacted only with D-GlcNAc-1-P, D-GalNAc-1-P (Km of 1 mM) and, to some extent, D-Glc-1-P (Km of 3.2 mM). 28970843 2 40 theme distinct 319:326 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 328:345 at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases 304:345 at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates 304:383 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. 28970843 12 41 theme glycosylated 2010:2021 arg1 end-products 2023:2034 glycosylated end-products 2010:2034 glycosylated end-products 2010:2034 The results are discussed with respect to the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products. 28970843 3 42 theme Arabidopsis 498:508 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 42 theme Arabidopsis 498:508 arg1 USPase 539:544 USPase 539:544 USPase 539:544 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 42 theme Arabidopsis 498:508 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 520:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase 498:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) 498:545 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 12 43 theme pyrophosphorylases 1967:1984 arg1 role 1955:1958 the role 1951:1958 the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products 1951:2034 The results are discussed with respect to the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products. 28970843 2 44 theme sugar 266:270 arg1 formation 272:280 UDP sugar formation 262:280 UDP sugar formation 262:280 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. 28970843 11 45 theme USPase 1808:1813 arg1 activities 1815:1824 UGPase and USPase activities 1797:1824 UGPase and USPase activities 1797:1824 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 10 46 theme amino 1595:1599 arg1 acids 1601:1605 more common amino acids 1583:1605 more common amino acids 1583:1605 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 4 47 theme nucleotide 767:776 arg1 donor 778:782 nucleotide donor 767:782 nucleotide donor 767:782 Whereas all the enzymes preferentially used UTP as nucleotide donor, they differed in their specificity for sugar-1-P. 28970843 12 48 gly glycosylated 2010:2021 arg1 end-products 2023:2034 glycosylated end-products 2010:2034 glycosylated end-products 2010:2034 The results are discussed with respect to the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products. 28970843 2 49 theme UDP 262:264 arg1 formation 272:280 UDP sugar formation 262:280 UDP sugar formation 262:280 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. 28970843 4 50 used used 755:758 arg2 enzymes 732:738 all the enzymes 724:738 all the enzymes 724:738 Whereas all the enzymes preferentially used UTP as nucleotide donor, they differed in their specificity for sugar-1-P. 28970843 8 51 theme mM 1276:1277 arg1 Km 1268:1269 Km 1268:1269 Km of 1 mM 1268:1277 In contrast, UAGPase2 reacted only with D-GlcNAc-1-P, D-GalNAc-1-P (Km of 1 mM) and, to some extent, D-Glc-1-P (Km of 3.2 mM). 28970843 3 52 theme Arabidopsis 430:440 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 52 theme Arabidopsis 430:440 arg1 pyrophosphorylase2 588:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 551:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 551:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 52 theme Arabidopsis 430:440 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 520:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase 498:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) 498:545 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 52 theme Arabidopsis 430:440 arg1 UGPase 489:494 UGPase 489:494 UGPase 489:494 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 52 theme Arabidopsis 430:440 arg1 isozymes 447:454 two isozymes 443:454 two isozymes 443:454 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 0 53 theme Producing 67:75 arg1 Pyrophosphorylases 77:94 Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases 51:94 Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases 51:94 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 7 54 theme sugar-1-phosphates 1056:1073 arg1 β-L-Ara-1-P 1135:1145 β-L-Ara-1-P 1135:1145 β-L-Ara-1-P 1135:1145 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 7 54 theme sugar-1-phosphates 1056:1073 arg1 D-Glc-1-P 1086:1094 D-Glc-1-P 1086:1094 D-Glc-1-P 1086:1094 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 7 54 theme sugar-1-phosphates 1056:1073 arg1 range 1047:1051 a range 1045:1051 a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P 1045:1197 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 7 54 theme sugar-1-phosphates 1056:1073 arg1 α-D-Fuc-1-P 1151:1161 α-D-Fuc-1-P 1151:1161 α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM) 1151:1176 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 7 54 theme sugar-1-phosphates 1056:1073 arg1 D-Gal-1-P 1097:1105 D-Gal-1-P 1097:1105 D-Gal-1-P 1097:1105 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 7 54 theme sugar-1-phosphates 1056:1073 arg1 D-GalA-1-P 1108:1117 D-GalA-1-P 1108:1117 D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM) 1108:1132 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 1 55 theme glycosylation 137:149 arg1 reactions 151:159 glycosylation reactions 137:159 glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc 137:237 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 0 56 theme Plant 51:55 arg1 Pyrophosphorylases 77:94 Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases 51:94 Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases 51:94 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 2 57 theme Primary 240:246 arg1 mechanisms 248:257 Primary mechanisms 240:257 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation 240:280 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. 28970843 9 58 from C5 1390:1391 arg1 conformations/substituents 1348:1373 different conformations/substituents 1338:1373 different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar 1338:1423 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 9 59 theme pyrophosphorylase 1487:1503 arg1 specificity 1464:1474 substrate specificity 1454:1474 substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase 1454:1503 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 3 60 theme nucleoside-triphosphates 676:699 arg1 range 644:648 a range 642:648 a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates 642:699 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 60 theme nucleoside-triphosphates 676:699 arg1 substrates 704:713 substrates 704:713 substrates 704:713 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 11 61 with consistent 1827:1836 arg1 architecture 1863:1874 a common structural architecture 1843:1874 a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases 1843:1906 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 1 62 theme wall 176:179 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 cell wall polysaccharides 171:195 cell wall polysaccharides 171:195 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 62 theme wall 176:179 arg1 glycoproteins 207:219 glycoproteins 207:219 glycoproteins 207:219 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 62 theme wall 176:179 arg1 sucrose 198:204 sucrose 198:204 sucrose 198:204 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 3 63 theme sugar-1-phosphates 653:670 arg1 range 644:648 a range 642:648 a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates 642:699 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 63 theme sugar-1-phosphates 653:670 arg1 substrates 704:713 substrates 704:713 substrates 704:713 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 64 theme UDP-sugar 510:518 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 64 theme UDP-sugar 510:518 arg1 USPase 539:544 USPase 539:544 USPase 539:544 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 64 theme UDP-sugar 510:518 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 520:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase 498:536 Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) 498:545 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 8 65 theme mM 1322:1323 arg1 Km 1312:1313 Km 1312:1313 Km of 3.2 mM 1312:1323 In contrast, UAGPase2 reacted only with D-GlcNAc-1-P, D-GalNAc-1-P (Km of 1 mM) and, to some extent, D-Glc-1-P (Km of 3.2 mM). 28970843 7 66 dep D-GalA-1-P 1108:1117 arg1 Km 1120:1121 Km 1120:1121 Km of 1.3 mM 1120:1131 USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. 28970843 1 67 theme cell 171:174 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 cell wall polysaccharides 171:195 cell wall polysaccharides 171:195 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 67 theme cell 171:174 arg1 glycoproteins 207:219 glycoproteins 207:219 glycoproteins 207:219 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 1 67 theme cell 171:174 arg1 sucrose 198:204 sucrose 198:204 sucrose 198:204 UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. 28970843 0 68 theme Pyrophosphorylases 77:94 arg1 Specificity 10:20 Substrate Specificity 0:20 Substrate Specificity 0:20 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 0 68 theme Pyrophosphorylases 77:94 arg1 Sensitivity 36:46 Inhibitor Sensitivity 26:46 Inhibitor Sensitivity 26:46 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 9 69 theme pyranose 1400:1407 arg1 ring 1409:1412 the pyranose ring 1396:1412 the pyranose ring of a sugar 1396:1423 Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. 28970843 5 70 dep Fru-1-P 903:909 arg1 values 927:932 Km values 924:932 Km values over 10 mM 924:943 UGPases had high activity with D-Glc-1-P, but could also react with Fru-1-P and Fru-2-P (Km values over 10 mM). 28970843 11 71 theme structural 1852:1861 arg1 architecture 1863:1874 a common structural architecture 1843:1874 a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases 1843:1906 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 3 72 theme Arabidopsis 551:561 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 72 theme Arabidopsis 551:561 arg1 UAGPase2 608:615 UAGPase2 608:615 UAGPase2 608:615 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 72 theme Arabidopsis 551:561 arg1 pyrophosphorylase2 588:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 551:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 551:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 10 73 from differences 1658:1668 arg1 specificity 1683:1693 substrate specificity 1673:1693 substrate specificity of these proteins 1673:1711 Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. 28970843 11 74 theme salicylate 1742:1751 arg1 derivative 1753:1762 a salicylate derivative 1740:1762 a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities 1740:1824 UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 0 75 theme UDP-Sugar 57:65 arg1 Pyrophosphorylases 77:94 Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases 51:94 Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases 51:94 Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. 28970843 2 76 theme formation 272:280 arg1 mechanisms 248:257 Primary mechanisms 240:257 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation 240:280 Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. 28970843 12 77 theme sugar 1989:1993 arg1 activation 1995:2004 sugar activation 1989:2004 sugar activation for glycosylated end-products 1989:2034 The results are discussed with respect to the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products. 28970843 3 78 theme UDP-N-acetyl 563:574 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 469:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases 430:486 Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase) 430:495 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 78 theme UDP-N-acetyl 563:574 arg1 UAGPase2 608:615 UAGPase2 608:615 UAGPase2 608:615 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 28970843 3 78 theme UDP-N-acetyl 563:574 arg1 pyrophosphorylase2 588:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 551:605 Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) 551:616 Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. 24950248 0 0 from dynamics 19:26 arg1 vesicles 56:63 unilamellar phospholipid vesicles 31:63 unilamellar phospholipid vesicles 31:63 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 1 theme lipid 877:881 arg1 system 883:888 the single lipid system 866:888 the single lipid system 866:888 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 1 2 theme scattering 151:160 arg1 study 196:200 a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study 126:200 a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 126:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 3 theme bilayer 215:221 arg1 dynamics 234:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics 205:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 205:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 0 4 theme temperature 76:86 arg1 effect 66:71 effect 66:71 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 0:114 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 5 theme single 870:875 arg1 system 883:888 the single lipid system 866:888 the single lipid system 866:888 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 6 theme bending 722:728 arg1 κ 739:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ 710:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain 710:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 1 7 theme undulation 223:232 arg1 dynamics 234:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics 205:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 205:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 3 8 theme headgroup 571:579 arg1 properties 595:604 lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties 565:604 lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties 565:604 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 4 9 theme lipid 766:770 arg1 chain 777:781 the lipid acyl chain 762:781 the lipid acyl chain 762:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 0 10 theme cholesterol 89:99 arg1 effect 66:71 effect 66:71 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 0:114 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 11 theme temperature 356:366 arg1 influence 343:351 the influence 339:351 the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 339:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 12 theme system 883:888 arg1 Tm 860:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm 822:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added 822:935 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 3 13 theme undulations 531:541 arg1 properties 478:487 Mechanical properties 467:487 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations 467:541 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 4 14 theme less 741:744 arg1 κ 739:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ 710:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain 710:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 15 from chain 777:781 arg1 changes 751:757 changes 751:757 changes at the lipid acyl chain 751:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 16 from headgroup 690:698 arg1 changes 669:675 changes 669:675 changes at the lipid headgroup 669:698 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 17 theme lipid 684:688 arg1 headgroup 690:698 the lipid headgroup 680:698 the lipid headgroup 680:698 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 0 18 theme trehalose 105:113 arg1 effect 66:71 effect 66:71 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 0:114 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 19 theme temperature 848:858 arg1 Tm 860:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm 822:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added 822:935 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 20 theme rigidity 730:737 arg1 κ 739:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ 710:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain 710:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 3 21 theme lipid 565:569 arg1 headgroup 571:579 lipid headgroup 565:579 lipid headgroup 565:579 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 5 22 from effect 987:992 arg1 properties 1012:1021 the mechanical properties 997:1021 the mechanical properties of the vesicles 997:1037 Surprisingly, no effect on the mechanical properties of the vesicles is observed upon the addition of trehalose. 24950248 0 23 theme undulation 8:17 arg1 dynamics 19:26 Bilayer undulation dynamics 0:26 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 0:114 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 24 theme additives 376:384 arg1 influence 343:351 the influence 339:351 the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 339:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 0 25 theme Bilayer 0:6 arg1 dynamics 19:26 Bilayer undulation dynamics 0:26 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 0:114 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 26 theme phospholipid 246:257 arg1 vesicles 259:266 phospholipid vesicles 246:266 phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 246:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 27 theme neutron 172:178 arg1 NSE 191:193 NSE 191:193 NSE 191:193 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 27 theme neutron 172:178 arg1 spin-echo 180:188 neutron spin-echo 172:188 neutron spin-echo (NSE) 172:194 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 28 theme vesicles 259:266 arg1 dynamics 234:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics 205:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 205:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 29 dep literature 958:967 arg1 concordance 941:951 concordance 941:951 concordance 941:951 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 5 30 theme vesicles 1030:1037 arg1 properties 1012:1021 the mechanical properties 997:1021 the mechanical properties of the vesicles 997:1037 Surprisingly, no effect on the mechanical properties of the vesicles is observed upon the addition of trehalose. 24950248 3 31 theme acyl 584:587 arg1 chain 589:593 acyl chain 584:593 acyl chain 584:593 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 1 32 theme spin-echo 180:188 arg1 study 196:200 a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study 126:200 a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 126:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 3 33 theme chain 589:593 arg1 properties 595:604 lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties 565:604 lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties 565:604 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 4 34 theme bilayer 714:720 arg1 κ 739:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ 710:739 the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain 710:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 0 35 theme phospholipid 43:54 arg1 vesicles 56:63 unilamellar phospholipid vesicles 31:63 unilamellar phospholipid vesicles 31:63 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 36 theme main 826:829 arg1 Tm 860:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm 822:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added 822:935 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 3 37 theme Mechanical 467:476 arg1 properties 478:487 Mechanical properties 467:487 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations 467:541 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 0 38 theme unilamellar 31:41 arg1 vesicles 56:63 unilamellar phospholipid vesicles 31:63 unilamellar phospholipid vesicles 31:63 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 5 39 theme trehalose 1072:1080 arg1 addition 1060:1067 the addition 1056:1067 the addition of trehalose 1056:1080 Surprisingly, no effect on the mechanical properties of the vesicles is observed upon the addition of trehalose. 24950248 1 40 dep additives 376:384 arg1 trehalose 402:410 trehalose 402:410 trehalose 402:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 40 dep additives 376:384 arg1 cholesterol 386:396 cholesterol 386:396 cholesterol 386:396 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 40 dep additives 376:384 arg1 additives 376:384 the additives cholesterol and trehalose 372:410 the additives cholesterol and trehalose 372:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 41 theme stiffening 895:904 arg1 Tm 860:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm 822:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added 822:935 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 42 theme transition 837:846 arg1 Tm 860:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm 822:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added 822:935 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 3 43 theme corresponding 509:521 arg1 undulations 531:541 the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations 492:541 undulations 531:541 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 4 44 theme phase 831:835 arg1 Tm 860:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm 822:861 the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added 822:935 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 3 45 theme bilayer 523:529 arg1 undulations 531:541 the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations 492:541 undulations 531:541 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 5 46 theme mechanical 1001:1010 arg1 properties 1012:1021 the mechanical properties 997:1021 the mechanical properties of the vesicles 997:1037 Surprisingly, no effect on the mechanical properties of the vesicles is observed upon the addition of trehalose. 24950248 1 47 from study 196:200 arg1 dynamics 234:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics 205:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 205:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 48 theme bilayer 797:803 arg1 softening 805:813 a bilayer softening 795:813 a bilayer softening 795:813 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 3 49 theme membrane 496:503 arg1 properties 478:487 Mechanical properties 467:487 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations 467:541 Mechanical properties of the membrane and corresponding bilayer undulations are tuned by changing lipid headgroup or acyl chain properties through temperature or composition. 24950248 4 50 theme acyl 772:775 arg1 chain 777:781 the lipid acyl chain 762:781 the lipid acyl chain 762:781 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 0 51 dep dynamics 19:26 arg1 effect 66:71 effect 66:71 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 0:114 Bilayer undulation dynamics in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles: effect of temperature, cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 52 theme combined 128:135 arg1 study 196:200 a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study 126:200 a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 126:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 2 53 theme vesicle 434:440 arg1 size 442:445 vesicle size 434:445 vesicle size 434:445 The additives affect vesicle size and self-diffusion. 24950248 1 54 theme dynamic 137:143 arg1 DLS 163:165 DLS 163:165 DLS 163:165 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 54 theme dynamic 137:143 arg1 scattering 151:160 dynamic light scattering 137:160 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 137:166 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 4 55 theme length 655:660 arg1 scale 662:666 the local length scale 645:666 the local length scale 645:666 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 4 56 theme local 649:653 arg1 scale 662:666 the local length scale 645:666 the local length scale 645:666 On the local length scale, changes at the lipid headgroup influence the bilayer bending rigidity κ less than changes at the lipid acyl chain: We observe a bilayer softening around the main phase transition temperature Tm of the single lipid system, and stiffening when more cholesterol is added, in concordance with literature. 24950248 1 57 theme light 145:149 arg1 DLS 163:165 DLS 163:165 DLS 163:165 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 57 theme light 145:149 arg1 scattering 151:160 dynamic light scattering 137:160 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 137:166 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 24950248 1 58 theme local 209:213 arg1 dynamics 234:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics 205:241 the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose 205:410 We report a combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) study on the local bilayer undulation dynamics of phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) under the influence of temperature and the additives cholesterol and trehalose. 26073622 7 0 theme pH 992:993 arg1 values 995:1000 the pH values 988:1000 the pH values 988:1000 The nanoparticles were also sensitive to glucose, and the glucose-responsive behavior was dependent on the pH values, nanoparticle concentrations, and nanoparticle compositions. 26073622 0 1 theme acid-related 92:103 arg1 reaction 105:112 a boronic acid-related reaction 82:112 a boronic acid-related reaction 82:112 Preparation and responsive behaviors of chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles via a boronic acid-related reaction. 26073622 6 2 theme pH 836:837 arg1 value 839:843 the pH value 832:843 the pH value 832:843 As the pH value increased above 10, I/I0 kept constant. 26073622 1 3 theme amine 320:324 arg1 groups 326:331 amine groups 320:331 amine groups in chitosan 320:343 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 3 4 theme nanoparticles 615:627 arg1 pH-sensitivity 593:606 The pH-sensitivity 589:606 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles 589:627 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 3 5 from values 705:710 arg1 intensity 666:674 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) 645:687 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values 645:710 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 2 6 theme light 461:465 arg1 scattering 467:476 dynamic light scattering 453:476 dynamic light scattering 453:476 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 7 theme aqueous 571:577 arg1 solution 579:586 aqueous solution 571:586 aqueous solution 571:586 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 8 from stable 545:550 arg1 solution 579:586 aqueous solution 571:586 aqueous solution 571:586 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 5 9 theme 8.0-10 807:812 arg1 range 798:802 the range 794:802 the range of 8.0-10 794:812 When the pH value was further increased in the range of 8.0-10, I/I0 reduced. 26073622 1 10 theme coordinating 218:229 arg1 interaction 231:241 the coordinating interaction 214:241 the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan 214:343 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 7 11 theme glucose-responsive 943:960 arg1 dependent 975:983 dependent 975:983 dependent 975:983 The nanoparticles were also sensitive to glucose, and the glucose-responsive behavior was dependent on the pH values, nanoparticle concentrations, and nanoparticle compositions. 26073622 7 11 theme glucose-responsive 943:960 arg1 behavior 962:969 the glucose-responsive behavior 939:969 the glucose-responsive behavior 939:969 The nanoparticles were also sensitive to glucose, and the glucose-responsive behavior was dependent on the pH values, nanoparticle concentrations, and nanoparticle compositions. 26073622 3 12 dep intensity 666:674 arg1 I/I0 683:686 I/I0 683:686 I/I0 683:686 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 3 12 dep intensity 666:674 arg1 ratio 676:680 ratio 676:680 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values 645:710 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 2 13 theme nanoparticles 363:375 arg1 formation 350:358 The formation 346:358 The formation of nanoparticles 346:375 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 14 dep transform 402:410 arg1 infrared 412:419 infrared 412:419 transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs 402:515 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 15 theme transmission 483:494 arg1 micrographs 505:515 transmission electron micrographs 483:515 transmission electron micrographs 483:515 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 16 theme electron 496:503 arg1 micrographs 505:515 transmission electron micrographs 483:515 transmission electron micrographs 483:515 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 1 17 from groups 326:331 arg1 acid 310:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 17 from groups 326:331 arg1 chitosan 336:343 chitosan 336:343 chitosan 336:343 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 17 from groups 326:331 arg1 poly 274:277 poly 274:277 poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) 274:314 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 2 18 dep Fourier 394:400 arg1 transform 402:410 transform 402:410 transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs 402:515 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 0 19 theme chitosan-functionalized 40:62 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and responsive behaviors of chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles via a boronic acid-related reaction. 26073622 0 19 theme chitosan-functionalized 40:62 arg1 behaviors 27:35 responsive behaviors 16:35 responsive behaviors 16:35 Preparation and responsive behaviors of chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles via a boronic acid-related reaction. 26073622 5 20 theme pH 760:761 arg1 value 763:767 the pH value 756:767 the pH value 756:767 When the pH value was further increased in the range of 8.0-10, I/I0 reduced. 26073622 3 21 theme different 692:700 arg1 values 705:710 different pH values 692:710 different pH values 692:710 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 3 22 theme pH 702:703 arg1 values 705:710 different pH values 692:710 different pH values 692:710 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 3 23 theme light 649:653 arg1 intensity 666:674 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) 645:687 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values 645:710 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 2 24 from solution 579:586 arg1 nanoparticles 526:538 the nanoparticles 522:538 the nanoparticles 522:538 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 24 from solution 579:586 arg1 stable 545:550 stable 545:550 stable 545:550 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 3 25 theme scattering 655:664 arg1 intensity 666:674 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) 645:687 the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values 645:710 The pH-sensitivity of the nanoparticles was revealed by the light scattering intensity ratio (I/I0) at different pH values. 26073622 7 26 theme nanoparticle 1003:1014 arg1 concentrations 1016:1029 nanoparticle concentrations 1003:1029 nanoparticle concentrations 1003:1029 The nanoparticles were also sensitive to glucose, and the glucose-responsive behavior was dependent on the pH values, nanoparticle concentrations, and nanoparticle compositions. 26073622 1 27 theme facile 135:140 arg1 strategy 142:149 a facile strategy 133:149 a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan 133:343 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 7 28 theme nanoparticle 1036:1047 arg1 compositions 1049:1060 nanoparticle compositions 1036:1060 nanoparticle compositions 1036:1060 The nanoparticles were also sensitive to glucose, and the glucose-responsive behavior was dependent on the pH values, nanoparticle concentrations, and nanoparticle compositions. 26073622 1 29 from acids 265:269 arg1 acid 310:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 29 from acids 265:269 arg1 chitosan 336:343 chitosan 336:343 chitosan 336:343 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 29 from acids 265:269 arg1 poly 274:277 poly 274:277 poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) 274:314 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 30 theme 3-methacrylamido 279:294 arg1 acid 310:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 30 theme 3-methacrylamido 279:294 arg1 poly 274:277 poly 274:277 poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) 274:314 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 0 31 theme boronic 84:90 arg1 reaction 105:112 a boronic acid-related reaction 82:112 a boronic acid-related reaction 82:112 Preparation and responsive behaviors of chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles via a boronic acid-related reaction. 26073622 1 32 theme phenylboronic 251:263 arg1 acids 265:269 phenylboronic acids 251:269 phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) 251:314 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 2 33 theme thermal 435:441 arg1 analysis 443:450 thermal analysis 435:450 thermal analysis 435:450 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 2 34 theme dynamic 453:459 arg1 scattering 467:476 dynamic light scattering 453:476 dynamic light scattering 453:476 The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron micrographs, and the nanoparticles were stable over three days in aqueous solution. 26073622 1 35 theme phenylboronic 296:308 arg1 acid 310:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid 279:313 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 1 35 theme phenylboronic 296:308 arg1 poly 274:277 poly 274:277 poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) 274:314 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26073622 0 36 theme responsive 16:25 arg1 behaviors 27:35 responsive behaviors 16:35 responsive behaviors 16:35 Preparation and responsive behaviors of chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles via a boronic acid-related reaction. 26073622 1 37 theme chitosan-functionalized 168:190 arg1 nanoparticles 192:204 chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles 168:204 chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles 168:204 We presented here a facile strategy for constructing chitosan-functionalized nanoparticles through the coordinating interaction between phenylboronic acids in poly(3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid) and amine groups in chitosan. 26386342 17 0 theme increased 2254:2262 arg1 accumulation 2272:2283 an increased biofilm accumulation 2251:2283 an increased biofilm accumulation 2251:2283 However, this resulted in an increased biofilm accumulation and reduced flux. 26386342 10 1 theme loading 1307:1313 arg1 exp 1316:1318 continuous foulant loading (exp 1288:1318 continuous foulant loading (exp 1288:1318 Biofilms exposed to continuous foulant loading (exp. 26386342 11 2 theme 1 1384:1384 arg1 kDa 1386:1388 kDa 1386:1388 kDa 1386:1388 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 13 3 theme biofilms 1794:1801 arg1 presence 1782:1789 the presence 1778:1789 the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces 1778:1822 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 22 4 theme foulants 2650:2657 arg1 accumulation 2630:2641 physical accumulation 2621:2641 physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa) 2621:2691 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 13 5 from presence 1782:1789 arg1 surfaces 1815:1822 membrane surfaces 1806:1822 membrane surfaces 1806:1822 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 9 6 theme membrane 1185:1192 arg1 surfaces 1194:1201 UF membrane surfaces 1182:1201 UF membrane surfaces 1182:1201 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces controlled the foulant permeation and thus the permeate quality. 26386342 4 7 theme sulfonate 682:690 arg1 foulants 698:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants were tested. 26386342 6 8 theme L 1035:1035 arg1 concentrations 1007:1020 concentrations 1007:1020 concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1) 1007:1039 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 11 9 dep weight 1347:1352 arg1 Dex 1390:1392 1 kDa Dex 1384:1392 1 kDa Dex 1384:1392 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 11 9 dep weight 1347:1352 arg1 foulants 1374:1381 biodegradable foulants 1360:1381 low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex) 1333:1393 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 8 10 theme feed 1058:1061 arg1 water 1063:1067 the feed water 1054:1067 the feed water 1054:1067 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 14 11 theme foulant 1838:1844 arg1 loading 1846:1852 variable foulant loading 1829:1852 variable foulant loading 1829:1852 For variable foulant loading (exp. 26386342 2 12 theme ultrafiltration 279:293 arg1 systems 310:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems 255:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems 255:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 6 13 theme GDM 840:842 arg1 A 853:853 A 853:853 A 853:853 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 13 theme GDM 840:842 arg1 systems 844:850 The GDM systems 836:850 The GDM systems (A) 836:854 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 22 14 theme physical 2621:2628 arg1 accumulation 2630:2641 physical accumulation 2621:2641 physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa) 2621:2691 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 23 15 attach presence 2734:2741 arg2 biofilms 2746:2753 biofilms 2746:2753 biofilms 2746:2753 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 23 15 attach presence 2734:2741 arg1 surfaces 2767:2774 membrane surfaces 2758:2774 membrane surfaces 2758:2774 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 19 16 theme Low 2443:2445 arg1 fluxes 2447:2452 Low fluxes 2443:2452 Low fluxes 2443:2452 Low fluxes were observed for the accumulating on membrane surface or degradable foulants (exp. 26386342 21 17 theme lowest 2551:2556 arg1 fluxes 2558:2563 the lowest fluxes 2547:2563 the lowest fluxes 2547:2563 But, the lowest fluxes were observed in absence of the biofilm (exp. 26386342 1 18 theme model 197:201 arg1 foulants 203:210 organic model foulants 189:210 organic model foulants 189:210 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 8 19 theme deionized 1082:1090 arg1 water 1092:1096 deionized water 1082:1096 deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa 1082:1154 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 3 20 with systems 454:460 arg1 biofilms 467:474 biofilms 467:474 biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants 467:539 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 13 21 theme due 1771:1773 arg1 polystyrene 1743:1753 the polystyrene 1739:1753 the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces 1739:1822 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 3 22 theme organic 524:530 arg1 foulants 532:539 organic foulants 524:539 organic foulants 524:539 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 9 23 from formation 1169:1177 arg1 surfaces 1194:1201 UF membrane surfaces 1182:1201 UF membrane surfaces 1182:1201 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces controlled the foulant permeation and thus the permeate quality. 26386342 5 24 theme batch 819:823 arg1 tests 825:829 degradation batch tests 807:829 degradation batch tests (D) 807:833 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 5 24 theme batch 819:823 arg1 D 832:832 D 832:832 D 832:832 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 6 25 theme pre-filtered 878:889 arg1 water 897:901 pre-filtered river water 878:901 pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa 878:1002 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 15 26 theme quality 2000:2006 arg1 deterioration 1970:1982 a deterioration 1968:1982 a deterioration of the permeate quality 1968:2006 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 22 27 theme Dextran 2675:2681 arg1 kDa 2688:2690 Dextran 2000 kDa 2675:2690 Dextran 2000 kDa 2675:2690 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 22 27 theme Dextran 2675:2681 arg1 foulants 2650:2657 the foulants 2646:2657 the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa) 2646:2691 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 6 28 dep fed 869:871 arg1 B 861:861 B 861:861 B 861:861 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 8 29 theme mgC 1106:1108 arg1 L 1110:1110 25 mgC L 1103:1110 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa 1103:1154 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 8 29 theme mgC 1106:1108 arg1 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 13 30 theme 80 1759:1760 arg1 kDa 1762:1764 kDa 1762:1764 kDa 1762:1764 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 12 31 theme molecular 1442:1450 arg1 HMW 1460:1462 HMW 1460:1462 HMW 1460:1462 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 12 31 theme molecular 1442:1450 arg1 weight 1452:1457 high molecular weight 1437:1457 high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex) 1437:1494 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 2 32 theme Driven 263:268 arg1 GDM 296:298 GDM 296:298 GDM 296:298 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 2 32 theme Driven 263:268 arg1 ultrafiltration 279:293 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration 255:293 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems 255:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 3 33 dep load 516:519 arg1 B 504:504 B 504:504 B 504:504 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 6 34 theme 1 938:938 arg1 kDa 953:955 1, 150 or 2000 kDa 938:955 kDa 953:955 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 4 35 theme dextran 641:647 arg1 foulants 698:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants were tested. 26386342 18 36 theme non-biodegradable 2403:2419 arg1 kDa 2437:2439 PSS 1 kDa 2431:2439 PSS 1 kDa 2431:2439 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 18 36 theme non-biodegradable 2403:2419 arg1 foulants 2421:2428 small non-biodegradable foulants 2397:2428 small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa) 2397:2440 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 21 37 theme exp 2606:2608 arg1 absence 2582:2588 absence 2582:2588 absence of the biofilm (exp 2582:2608 But, the lowest fluxes were observed in absence of the biofilm (exp. 26386342 1 38 theme membranes 161:169 arg1 biofouling 131:140 biofouling 131:140 biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes 131:169 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 23 39 dep protect 2864:2870 arg1 ii 2851:2852 ii 2851:2852 ii 2851:2852 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 14 40 dep exp 1855:1857 arg1 loading 1846:1852 variable foulant loading 1829:1852 variable foulant loading 1829:1852 For variable foulant loading (exp. 26386342 4 41 theme non-biodegradable 652:668 arg1 foulants 698:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants were tested. 26386342 0 42 theme pressure 72:79 arg1 ultrafiltration 81:95 low pressure ultrafiltration 68:95 low pressure ultrafiltration 68:95 Biofilm increases permeate quality by organic carbon degradation in low pressure ultrafiltration. 26386342 18 43 dep biofilm 2322:2328 arg1 presence 2306:2313 presence 2306:2313 presence 2306:2313 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 16 44 theme foulant 2156:2162 arg1 amount 2132:2137 a larger amount 2123:2137 a larger amount of biodegradable foulant 2123:2162 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 16 44 theme foulant 2156:2162 arg1 foulant 2156:2162 biodegradable foulant 2142:2162 biodegradable foulant 2142:2162 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 21 45 theme biofilm 2597:2603 arg1 exp 2606:2608 the biofilm (exp 2593:2608 the biofilm (exp 2593:2608 But, the lowest fluxes were observed in absence of the biofilm (exp. 26386342 13 46 theme membrane 1806:1813 arg1 surfaces 1815:1822 membrane surfaces 1806:1822 membrane surfaces 1806:1822 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 12 47 theme foulant 1607:1613 arg1 hydrolysis 1615:1624 the foulant hydrolysis 1603:1624 the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation 1603:1648 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 19 48 theme degradable 2512:2521 arg1 foulants 2523:2530 degradable foulants 2512:2530 degradable foulants (exp 2512:2535 Low fluxes were observed for the accumulating on membrane surface or degradable foulants (exp. 26386342 2 49 theme biofilm 399:405 arg1 formation 407:415 the biofilm formation 395:415 the biofilm formation 395:415 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 5 50 theme Substrate 720:728 arg1 biodegradability 730:745 Substrate biodegradability 720:745 Substrate biodegradability 720:745 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 0 51 theme organic 38:44 arg1 degradation 53:63 organic carbon degradation 38:63 organic carbon degradation 38:63 Biofilm increases permeate quality by organic carbon degradation in low pressure ultrafiltration. 26386342 16 52 theme larger 2125:2130 arg1 amount 2132:2137 a larger amount 2123:2137 a larger amount of biodegradable foulant 2123:2162 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 16 52 theme larger 2125:2130 arg1 foulant 2156:2162 biodegradable foulant 2142:2162 biodegradable foulant 2142:2162 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 6 53 theme polystyrene 961:971 arg1 PSS 984:986 PSS 984:986 PSS 984:986 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 53 theme polystyrene 961:971 arg1 sulfonate 973:981 polystyrene sulfonate 961:981 polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa 961:1002 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 12 54 dep Dex 1491:1493 arg1 kDa 1487:1489 kDa 1487:1489 kDa 1487:1489 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 0 55 theme Biofilm 0:6 arg1 increases 8:16 Biofilm increases 0:16 Biofilm increases 0:16 Biofilm increases permeate quality by organic carbon degradation in low pressure ultrafiltration. 26386342 1 56 from influence 118:126 arg1 removal 178:184 the removal 174:184 the removal of organic model foulants 174:210 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 1 56 from influence 118:126 arg1 quality 234:240 the quality 230:240 the quality of permeate 230:252 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 3 57 dep variable 491:498 arg1 A 488:488 A 488:488 A 488:488 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 23 58 contain has 2776:2778 arg2 benefits 2785:2792 some benefits 2780:2792 some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling 2780:2904 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 23 58 contain has 2776:2778 arg1 presence 2734:2741 the presence 2730:2741 the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces 2730:2774 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 15 59 theme biodegradable 1897:1909 arg1 foulants 1911:1918 the large biodegradable foulants 1887:1918 the large biodegradable foulants 1887:1918 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 6 60 theme 2000 948:951 arg1 kDa 953:955 1, 150 or 2000 kDa 938:955 kDa 953:955 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 5 61 theme Exclusion 769:777 arg1 Chromatography 779:792 Size Exclusion Chromatography 764:792 Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) 764:798 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 5 61 theme Exclusion 769:777 arg1 SEC 795:797 SEC 795:797 SEC 795:797 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 23 62 theme membrane 2758:2765 arg1 surfaces 2767:2774 membrane surfaces 2758:2774 membrane surfaces 2758:2774 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 16 63 theme membrane 2094:2101 arg1 composite 2104:2112 membrane" composite 2094:2112 membrane" composite 2094:2112 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 10 64 theme foulant 1299:1305 arg1 exp 1316:1318 continuous foulant loading (exp 1288:1318 continuous foulant loading (exp 1288:1318 Biofilms exposed to continuous foulant loading (exp. 26386342 0 65 theme carbon 46:51 arg1 degradation 53:63 organic carbon degradation 38:63 organic carbon degradation 38:63 Biofilm increases permeate quality by organic carbon degradation in low pressure ultrafiltration. 26386342 23 66 theme biofilms 2746:2753 arg1 presence 2734:2741 the presence 2730:2741 the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces 2730:2774 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 12 67 theme quality 1529:1535 arg1 improvement 1501:1511 the improvement 1497:1511 the improvement of the permeate quality 1497:1535 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 12 68 theme permeate 1520:1527 arg1 quality 1529:1535 the permeate quality 1516:1535 the permeate quality 1516:1535 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 16 69 theme biofilm 2216:2222 arg1 activity 2200:2207 the activity 2196:2207 the activity of the biofilm 2196:2222 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 13 70 from surfaces 1815:1822 arg1 presence 1782:1789 the presence 1778:1789 the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces 1778:1822 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 13 71 theme retention 1712:1720 arg1 % 1703:1703 20% 1701:1703 20% of the retention 1701:1720 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 13 71 theme retention 1712:1720 arg1 retention 1712:1720 the retention 1708:1720 the retention 1708:1720 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 2 72 theme modified 337:344 arg1 water 352:356 modified river water 337:356 modified river water 337:356 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 23 73 theme further 2890:2896 arg1 fouling 2898:2904 further fouling 2890:2904 further fouling 2890:2904 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 3 74 theme foulant 610:616 arg1 loading 618:624 constant foulant loading 601:624 constant foulant loading 601:624 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 21 75 located observed 2570:2577 arg1 absence 2582:2588 absence 2582:2588 absence of the biofilm (exp 2582:2608 But, the lowest fluxes were observed in absence of the biofilm (exp. 26386342 21 75 located observed 2570:2577 arg2 fluxes 2558:2563 the lowest fluxes 2547:2563 the lowest fluxes 2547:2563 But, the lowest fluxes were observed in absence of the biofilm (exp. 26386342 24 76 theme composite 2964:2972 arg1 case 2939:2942 the case 2935:2942 the case of biofilm-membrane composite 2935:2972 Permeate flux stabilizes in the case of biofilm-membrane composite, while it continuously declines in the case of the membrane only. 26386342 11 77 theme biodegradable 1360:1372 arg1 Dex 1390:1392 1 kDa Dex 1384:1392 1 kDa Dex 1384:1392 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 11 77 theme biodegradable 1360:1372 arg1 foulants 1374:1381 biodegradable foulants 1360:1381 low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex) 1333:1393 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 23 78 dep benefits 2785:2792 arg1 helps 2807:2811 helps 2807:2811 helps to increase the permeate quality 2807:2844 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 23 78 dep benefits 2785:2792 arg1 protect 2864:2870 protect 2864:2870 protect the membrane from further fouling 2864:2904 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 17 79 theme biofilm 2264:2270 arg1 accumulation 2272:2283 an increased biofilm accumulation 2251:2283 an increased biofilm accumulation 2251:2283 However, this resulted in an increased biofilm accumulation and reduced flux. 26386342 11 80 dep degraded 1324:1331 arg1 improved 1402:1409 improved 1402:1409 improved the permeate quality 1402:1430 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 22 81 dep foulants 2650:2657 arg1 kDa 2688:2690 Dextran 2000 kDa 2675:2690 Dextran 2000 kDa 2675:2690 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 22 81 dep foulants 2650:2657 arg1 kDa 2667:2669 PSS 80 kDa 2660:2669 PSS 80 kDa 2660:2669 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 22 81 dep foulants 2650:2657 arg1 foulants 2650:2657 the foulants 2646:2657 the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa) 2646:2691 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 11 82 theme kDa 1386:1388 arg1 Dex 1390:1392 1 kDa Dex 1384:1392 1 kDa Dex 1384:1392 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 11 82 theme kDa 1386:1388 arg1 foulants 1374:1381 biodegradable foulants 1360:1381 low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex) 1333:1393 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 13 83 theme non-biodegradable 1655:1671 arg1 foulants 1673:1680 non-biodegradable foulants 1655:1680 non-biodegradable foulants 1655:1680 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 3 84 theme constant 507:514 arg1 load 516:519 (B) constant load of organic foulants 503:539 (B) constant load of organic foulants 503:539 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 9 85 theme UF 1182:1183 arg1 surfaces 1194:1201 UF membrane surfaces 1182:1201 UF membrane surfaces 1182:1201 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces controlled the foulant permeation and thus the permeate quality. 26386342 18 86 theme highest 2335:2341 arg1 fluxes 2343:2348 the highest fluxes 2331:2348 the highest fluxes 2331:2348 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 8 87 with water 1092:1096 arg1 L 1110:1110 25 mgC L 1103:1110 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa 1103:1154 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 8 87 with water 1092:1096 arg1 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 6 88 theme mgC 1031:1033 arg1 L 1035:1035 2-3.5 mgC L 1025:1035 2-3.5 mgC L(-1) 1025:1039 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 88 theme mgC 1031:1033 arg1 -1 1037:1038 -1 1037:1038 -1 1037:1038 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 14 89 theme variable 1829:1836 arg1 loading 1846:1852 variable foulant loading 1829:1852 variable foulant loading 1829:1852 For variable foulant loading (exp. 26386342 11 90 theme low 1333:1335 arg1 LMW 1355:1357 LMW 1355:1357 LMW 1355:1357 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 11 90 theme low 1333:1335 arg1 weight 1347:1352 low molecular weight 1333:1352 low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex) 1333:1393 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 3 91 theme foulants 532:539 arg1 variable 491:498 (A) variable 487:498 (A) variable 487:498 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 3 91 theme foulants 532:539 arg1 load 516:519 (B) constant load of organic foulants 503:539 (B) constant load of organic foulants 503:539 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 1 92 theme organic 189:195 arg1 foulants 203:210 organic model foulants 189:210 organic model foulants 189:210 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 23 93 dep helps 2807:2811 arg1 i 2796:2796 i 2796:2796 i 2796:2796 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 15 94 dep hydrolysed 1876:1885 arg1 A 1860:1860 A 1860:1860 A 1860:1860 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 1 95 theme foulants 203:210 arg1 removal 178:184 the removal 174:184 the removal of organic model foulants 174:210 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 6 96 theme river 891:895 arg1 water 897:901 pre-filtered river water 878:901 pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa 878:1002 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 22 97 dep accumulation 2630:2641 arg1 C 2611:2611 C 2611:2611 C 2611:2611 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 9 98 theme foulant 1218:1224 arg1 permeation 1226:1235 the foulant permeation 1214:1235 the foulant permeation 1214:1235 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces controlled the foulant permeation and thus the permeate quality. 26386342 3 99 dep operated 561:568 arg1 C 547:547 C 547:547 C 547:547 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 23 100 dep quality 2838:2844 arg1 permeate 2829:2836 permeate 2829:2836 permeate 2829:2836 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 24 101 theme membrane 3025:3032 arg1 case 3013:3016 the case 3009:3016 the case of the membrane only 3009:3037 Permeate flux stabilizes in the case of biofilm-membrane composite, while it continuously declines in the case of the membrane only. 26386342 4 102 theme polystyrene 670:680 arg1 foulants 698:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants were tested. 26386342 13 103 theme kDa 1762:1764 arg1 PSS 1766:1768 80 kDa PSS 1759:1768 80 kDa PSS 1759:1768 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 13 103 theme kDa 1762:1764 arg1 1 1756:1756 1 1756:1756 1 1756:1756 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 2 104 theme Membrane 270:277 arg1 GDM 296:298 GDM 296:298 GDM 296:298 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 2 104 theme Membrane 270:277 arg1 ultrafiltration 279:293 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration 255:293 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems 255:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 1 105 theme biofouling 131:140 arg1 influence 118:126 the influence 114:126 the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate 114:252 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 12 106 theme high 1437:1440 arg1 HMW 1460:1462 HMW 1460:1462 HMW 1460:1462 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 12 106 theme high 1437:1440 arg1 weight 1452:1457 high molecular weight 1437:1457 high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex) 1437:1494 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 15 107 dep quality 2000:2006 arg1 permeate 1991:1998 permeate 1991:1998 permeate 1991:1998 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 4 108 theme model 692:696 arg1 foulants 698:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants were tested. 26386342 0 109 theme low 68:70 arg1 ultrafiltration 81:95 low pressure ultrafiltration 68:95 low pressure ultrafiltration 68:95 Biofilm increases permeate quality by organic carbon degradation in low pressure ultrafiltration. 26386342 5 110 theme degradation 807:817 arg1 tests 825:829 degradation batch tests 807:829 degradation batch tests (D) 807:833 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 5 110 theme degradation 807:817 arg1 D 832:832 D 832:832 D 832:832 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 1 111 theme ultrafiltration 145:159 arg1 membranes 161:169 ultrafiltration membranes 145:169 ultrafiltration membranes 145:169 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 12 112 theme weight 1452:1457 arg1 substrates 1465:1474 high molecular weight (HMW) substrates 1437:1474 high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex) 1437:1494 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 12 112 theme weight 1452:1457 arg1 Dex 1491:1493 150, 2000 kDa Dex 1477:1493 150, 2000 kDa Dex 1477:1493 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 16 113 theme biodegradable 2142:2154 arg1 foulant 2156:2162 biodegradable foulant 2142:2162 biodegradable foulant 2142:2162 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 4 114 theme Biodegradable 627:639 arg1 foulants 698:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants 627:705 Biodegradable dextran or non-biodegradable polystyrene sulfonate model foulants were tested. 26386342 12 115 dep kDa 1487:1489 arg1 2000 1482:1485 2000 1482:1485 2000 1482:1485 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 18 116 theme small 2397:2401 arg1 kDa 2437:2439 PSS 1 kDa 2431:2439 PSS 1 kDa 2431:2439 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 18 116 theme small 2397:2401 arg1 foulants 2421:2428 small non-biodegradable foulants 2397:2428 small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa) 2397:2440 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 19 117 theme membrane 2492:2499 arg1 surface 2501:2507 membrane surface 2492:2507 membrane surface 2492:2507 Low fluxes were observed for the accumulating on membrane surface or degradable foulants (exp. 26386342 2 118 theme membrane 301:308 arg1 systems 310:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems 255:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems 255:316 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 18 119 theme PSS 2431:2433 arg1 kDa 2437:2439 PSS 1 kDa 2431:2439 PSS 1 kDa 2431:2439 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 18 119 theme PSS 2431:2433 arg1 foulants 2421:2428 small non-biodegradable foulants 2397:2428 small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa) 2397:2440 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 24 120 dep flux 2916:2919 arg1 Permeate 2907:2914 Permeate 2907:2914 Permeate 2907:2914 Permeate flux stabilizes in the case of biofilm-membrane composite, while it continuously declines in the case of the membrane only. 26386342 22 121 theme PSS 2660:2662 arg1 foulants 2650:2657 the foulants 2646:2657 the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa) 2646:2691 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 22 121 theme PSS 2660:2662 arg1 kDa 2667:2669 PSS 80 kDa 2660:2669 PSS 80 kDa 2660:2669 C) due to physical accumulation of the foulants (PSS 80 kDa and Dextran 2000 kDa). 26386342 9 122 dep quality 1259:1265 arg1 permeate 1250:1257 permeate 1250:1257 permeate 1250:1257 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces controlled the foulant permeation and thus the permeate quality. 26386342 15 123 theme LMW 2024:2026 arg1 dextran 2028:2034 the LMW dextran 2020:2034 the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded 2020:2066 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 15 123 theme LMW 2024:2026 arg1 kDa 2039:2041 1 kDa 2037:2041 1 kDa 2037:2041 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 8 124 dep consisted 1069:1077 arg1 C 1051:1051 C 1051:1051 C 1051:1051 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 8 125 theme kDa 1136:1138 arg1 L 1110:1110 25 mgC L 1103:1110 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa 1103:1154 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 8 125 theme kDa 1136:1138 arg1 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 6 126 theme kDa 953:955 arg1 Dex 930:932 Dex 930:932 Dex 930:932 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 126 theme kDa 953:955 arg1 PSS 984:986 PSS 984:986 PSS 984:986 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 126 theme kDa 953:955 arg1 dextran 921:927 dextran 921:927 dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa 921:955 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 126 theme kDa 953:955 arg1 sulfonate 973:981 polystyrene sulfonate 961:981 polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa 961:1002 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 13 127 dep polystyrene 1743:1753 arg1 PSS 1766:1768 80 kDa PSS 1759:1768 80 kDa PSS 1759:1768 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 13 127 dep polystyrene 1743:1753 arg1 1 1756:1756 1 1756:1756 1 1756:1756 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 8 128 theme Dex 1143:1145 arg1 kDa 1152:1154 Dex 2000 kDa 1143:1154 Dex 2000 kDa 1143:1154 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 5 129 theme Size 764:767 arg1 Chromatography 779:792 Size Exclusion Chromatography 764:792 Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) 764:798 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 5 129 theme Size 764:767 arg1 SEC 795:797 SEC 795:797 SEC 795:797 Substrate biodegradability was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and by degradation batch tests (D). 26386342 12 130 theme biofilm 1566:1572 arg1 formation 1574:1582 biofilm formation 1566:1582 biofilm formation 1566:1582 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 3 131 theme GDM 424:426 arg1 systems 428:434 Three GDM systems 418:434 Three GDM systems 418:434 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 13 132 from biofilms 1794:1801 arg1 surfaces 1815:1822 membrane surfaces 1806:1822 membrane surfaces 1806:1822 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 8 133 theme kDa 1152:1154 arg1 L 1110:1110 25 mgC L 1103:1110 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa 1103:1154 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 8 133 theme kDa 1152:1154 arg1 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 -1 1112:1113 (C) the feed water consisted of deionized water with 25 mgC L(-1) of either PSS 1, 80 kDa or Dex 2000 kDa. 26386342 13 134 theme % 1703:1703 arg1 improvement 1686:1696 an improvement 1683:1696 an improvement of 20% of the retention 1683:1720 For non-biodegradable foulants, an improvement of 20% of the retention was observed for the polystyrene (1, 80 kDa PSS) due to the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces. 26386342 2 135 theme formation 407:415 arg1 control 384:390 control 384:390 control of the biofilm formation 384:415 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 15 136 theme large 1891:1895 arg1 foulants 1911:1918 the large biodegradable foulants 1887:1918 the large biodegradable foulants 1887:1918 A) the biofilms hydrolysed the large biodegradable foulants but did not degraded them fully, which resulted a deterioration of the permeate quality (except for the LMW dextran (1 kDa) that was fully degraded). 26386342 6 137 theme kDa 1000:1002 arg1 Dex 930:932 Dex 930:932 Dex 930:932 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 137 theme kDa 1000:1002 arg1 PSS 984:986 PSS 984:986 PSS 984:986 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 137 theme kDa 1000:1002 arg1 dextran 921:927 dextran 921:927 dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa 921:955 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 6 137 theme kDa 1000:1002 arg1 sulfonate 973:981 polystyrene sulfonate 961:981 polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa 961:1002 The GDM systems (A) and (B) were fed with pre-filtered river water supplemented with dextran (Dex) of 1, 150 or 2000 kDa, or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) of 1 or 80 kDa at concentrations of 2-3.5 mgC L(-1). 26386342 19 138 dep foulants 2523:2530 arg1 exp 2533:2535 exp 2533:2535 exp 2533:2535 Low fluxes were observed for the accumulating on membrane surface or degradable foulants (exp. 26386342 10 139 theme continuous 1288:1297 arg1 exp 1316:1318 continuous foulant loading (exp 1288:1318 continuous foulant loading (exp 1288:1318 Biofilms exposed to continuous foulant loading (exp. 26386342 12 140 theme formation 1574:1582 arg1 days 1558:1561 7 days 1556:1561 7 days of biofilm formation 1556:1582 For high molecular weight (HMW) substrates (150, 2000 kDa Dex), the improvement of the permeate quality was observed after 7 days of biofilm formation, and resulted from the foulant hydrolysis followed by degradation. 26386342 11 141 theme molecular 1337:1345 arg1 LMW 1355:1357 LMW 1355:1357 LMW 1355:1357 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 11 141 theme molecular 1337:1345 arg1 weight 1347:1352 low molecular weight 1333:1352 low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex) 1333:1393 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 2 142 theme river 346:350 arg1 water 352:356 modified river water 337:356 modified river water 337:356 Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration (GDM) membrane systems were operated with modified river water during five weeks without control of the biofilm formation. 26386342 23 143 from presence 2734:2741 arg1 surfaces 2767:2774 membrane surfaces 2758:2774 membrane surfaces 2758:2774 Overall our study demonstrates that the presence of biofilms on membrane surfaces has some benefits: (i) biofilm helps to increase the permeate quality and (ii) biofilms protect the membrane from further fouling. 26386342 16 144 theme " 2102:2102 arg1 composite 2104:2112 membrane" composite 2094:2112 membrane" composite 2094:2112 Overall, the "biofilm + membrane" composite retained a larger amount of biodegradable foulant than the membrane alone, due to the activity of the biofilm. 26386342 24 145 theme biofilm-membrane 2947:2962 arg1 composite 2964:2972 biofilm-membrane composite 2947:2972 biofilm-membrane composite 2947:2972 Permeate flux stabilizes in the case of biofilm-membrane composite, while it continuously declines in the case of the membrane only. 26386342 3 146 theme constant 601:608 arg1 loading 618:624 constant foulant loading 601:624 constant foulant loading 601:624 Three GDM systems were studied: two systems with biofilms exposed to (A) variable or (B) constant load of organic foulants, and (C) one system operated without biofilm and exposed to constant foulant loading. 26386342 11 147 dep quality 1424:1430 arg1 permeate 1415:1422 permeate 1415:1422 permeate 1415:1422 B) degraded low molecular weight (LMW) biodegradable foulants (1 kDa Dex), which improved the permeate quality. 26386342 1 148 theme permeate 245:252 arg1 quality 234:240 the quality 230:240 the quality of permeate 230:252 We investigated the influence of biofouling of ultrafiltration membranes on the removal of organic model foulants and ultimately on the quality of permeate. 26386342 18 149 theme no 2377:2378 arg1 control 2368:2374 control 2368:2374 control (no foulant) 2368:2387 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 18 149 theme no 2377:2378 arg1 foulant 2380:2386 no foulant 2377:2386 no foulant 2377:2386 In presence of the biofilm, the highest fluxes were observed for control (no foulant) and for small non-biodegradable foulants (PSS 1 kDa). 26386342 9 150 theme biofilm 1161:1167 arg1 formation 1169:1177 The biofilm formation 1157:1177 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces 1157:1201 The biofilm formation on UF membrane surfaces controlled the foulant permeation and thus the permeate quality. 25893690 0 0 theme Regeneration 97:108 arg1 Technique 110:118 Simple Regeneration Technique 90:118 Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering 90:146 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 3 1 theme Fourier 732:738 arg1 FTIR 775:778 FTIR 775:778 FTIR 775:778 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 3 1 theme Fourier 732:738 arg1 spectroscopy 761:772 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 732:772 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 732:779 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 2 2 theme regeneration 594:605 arg1 technique 607:615 a simple regeneration technique 585:615 a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair 585:638 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 5 3 link derived 1073:1079 arg1 cells 1098:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1058:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1058:1110 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 3 link derived 1073:1079 arg1 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 1 4 theme controlled 250:259 arg1 flowability 261:271 controlled flowability 250:271 controlled flowability 250:271 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 0 5 theme Simple 90:95 arg1 Technique 110:118 Simple Regeneration Technique 90:118 Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering 90:146 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 2 6 theme simple 587:592 arg1 technique 607:615 a simple regeneration technique 585:615 a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair 585:638 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 8 7 theme bone 1501:1504 arg1 defects 1506:1512 bone defects 1501:1512 bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature 1501:1587 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 4 8 with microgel 825:832 arg1 incorporation 844:856 the incorporation 840:856 the incorporation of nHAp 840:864 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 4 9 theme elastic 887:893 arg1 modulus 895:901 an increased elastic modulus 874:901 an increased elastic modulus 874:901 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 3 10 theme scanning 696:703 arg1 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 3 10 theme scanning 696:703 arg1 microscope 714:723 scanning electron microscope 696:723 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 696:729 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 4 11 theme nHAp 861:864 arg1 incorporation 844:856 the incorporation 840:856 the incorporation of nHAp 840:864 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 8 12 theme injectable 1463:1472 arg1 microgel 1433:1440 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1417:1440 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1417:1440 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 8 12 theme injectable 1463:1472 arg1 system 1474:1479 a promising injectable system 1451:1479 a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature 1451:1587 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 6 13 theme osteogenic 1174:1183 arg1 differentiation 1185:1199 an early osteogenic differentiation 1165:1199 an early osteogenic differentiation 1165:1199 Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel elicited an early osteogenic differentiation compared to control gel. 25893690 5 14 theme mesenchymal 1081:1091 arg1 cells 1098:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1058:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1058:1110 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 14 theme mesenchymal 1081:1091 arg1 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 6 15 theme early 1168:1172 arg1 differentiation 1185:1199 an early osteogenic differentiation 1165:1199 an early osteogenic differentiation 1165:1199 Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel elicited an early osteogenic differentiation compared to control gel. 25893690 0 16 theme Tissue 129:134 arg1 Engineering 136:146 Bone Tissue Engineering 124:146 Bone Tissue Engineering 124:146 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 5 17 theme stem 1093:1096 arg1 cells 1098:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1058:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1058:1110 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 17 theme stem 1093:1096 arg1 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 2 18 theme defect 626:631 arg1 repair 633:638 bone defect repair 621:638 bone defect repair 621:638 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 8 19 theme defects 1506:1512 arg1 regeneration 1485:1496 regeneration 1485:1496 regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature 1485:1587 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 0 20 theme Bone 124:127 arg1 Engineering 136:146 Bone Tissue Engineering 124:146 Bone Tissue Engineering 124:146 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 1 21 theme used 377:380 arg1 scaffolds 400:408 scaffolds 400:408 scaffolds 400:408 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 21 theme used 377:380 arg1 blocks 426:431 hydroxyapatite blocks 411:431 hydroxyapatite blocks 411:431 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 21 theme used 377:380 arg1 graft 393:397 the conventionally used autologous graft 358:397 the conventionally used autologous graft 358:397 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 21 theme used 377:380 arg1 etc 434:436 etc 434:436 etc 434:436 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 2 22 theme bone 621:624 arg1 repair 633:638 bone defect repair 621:638 bone defect repair 621:638 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 7 23 from expression 1280:1289 arg1 microgels 1400:1408 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels 1384:1408 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels 1384:1408 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 8 24 from planes 1540:1545 arg1 shaped 1560:1565 shaped 1560:1565 shaped 1560:1565 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 4 25 theme shear-thinning 933:946 arg1 behavior 948:955 shear-thinning behavior 933:955 shear-thinning behavior 933:955 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 1 26 theme autologous 382:391 arg1 scaffolds 400:408 scaffolds 400:408 scaffolds 400:408 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 26 theme autologous 382:391 arg1 blocks 426:431 hydroxyapatite blocks 411:431 hydroxyapatite blocks 411:431 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 26 theme autologous 382:391 arg1 graft 393:397 the conventionally used autologous graft 358:397 the conventionally used autologous graft 358:397 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 26 theme autologous 382:391 arg1 etc 434:436 etc 434:436 etc 434:436 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 27 theme bone 192:195 arg1 reconstruction 204:217 bone defect reconstruction 192:217 bone defect reconstruction 192:217 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 0 28 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 ε-caprolactone 23:36 ε-caprolactone 23:36 ε-caprolactone 23:36 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 0 28 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 Chitin-Poly 11:21 Injectable Chitin-Poly 0:21 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone) 0:37 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 3 29 theme infrared 752:759 arg1 FTIR 775:778 FTIR 775:778 FTIR 775:778 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 3 29 theme infrared 752:759 arg1 spectroscopy 761:772 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 732:772 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 732:779 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 6 30 theme Chitin-PCL-nHAp 1131:1145 arg1 microgel 1147:1154 Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1131:1154 Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1131:1154 Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel elicited an early osteogenic differentiation compared to control gel. 25893690 1 31 theme defect 197:202 arg1 reconstruction 204:217 bone defect reconstruction 192:217 bone defect reconstruction 192:217 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 2 32 theme composite 543:551 arg1 microgels 553:561 injectable composite microgels 532:561 injectable composite microgels 532:561 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 8 33 theme chitin-PCL-nHAp 1417:1431 arg1 microgel 1433:1440 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1417:1440 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1417:1440 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 8 33 theme chitin-PCL-nHAp 1417:1431 arg1 system 1474:1479 a promising injectable system 1451:1479 a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature 1451:1587 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 1 34 theme reconstruction 204:217 arg1 purpose 181:187 the purpose 177:187 the purpose of bone defect reconstruction 177:217 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 35 theme defect 294:299 arg1 site 301:304 the defect site 290:304 the defect site 290:304 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 2 36 theme injectable 532:541 arg1 microgels 553:561 injectable composite microgels 532:561 injectable composite microgels 532:561 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 3 37 theme transformed 740:750 arg1 FTIR 775:778 FTIR 775:778 FTIR 775:778 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 3 37 theme transformed 740:750 arg1 spectroscopy 761:772 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 732:772 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 732:779 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 4 38 theme thermal 907:913 arg1 stability 915:923 thermal stability 907:923 thermal stability 907:923 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 3 39 theme prepared 645:652 arg1 systems 663:669 The prepared microgel systems 641:669 The prepared microgel systems 641:669 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 4 40 theme system 990:995 arg1 injectability 969:981 the injectability 965:981 the injectability of the system 965:995 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 5 41 theme adipose 1065:1071 arg1 cells 1098:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1058:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1058:1110 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 41 theme adipose 1065:1071 arg1 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 42 theme protein 1002:1008 arg1 adsorption 1010:1019 The protein adsorption 998:1019 The protein adsorption 998:1019 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 4 43 contain had 929:931 arg1 microgel 825:832 The composite microgel 811:832 The composite microgel 811:832 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 4 43 contain had 929:931 arg2 behavior 948:955 shear-thinning behavior 933:955 shear-thinning behavior 933:955 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 1 44 theme many 225:228 arg1 flowability 261:271 controlled flowability 250:271 controlled flowability 250:271 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 44 theme many 225:228 arg1 advantages 230:239 many advantages 225:239 many advantages 225:239 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 44 theme many 225:228 arg1 properties 330:339 increased handling properties 311:339 increased handling properties 311:339 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 44 theme many 225:228 arg1 adaptability 274:285 adaptability 274:285 adaptability to the defect site 274:304 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 8 45 from shaped 1560:1565 arg1 planes 1540:1545 deeper planes 1533:1545 deeper planes 1533:1545 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 8 45 from shaped 1560:1565 arg1 nature 1582:1587 nature 1582:1587 nature 1582:1587 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 2 46 dep incorporated 479:490 arg1 nanohydroxyapatite 453:470 nanohydroxyapatite 453:470 nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels 453:561 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 2 46 dep incorporated 479:490 arg1 based 526:530 based 526:530 based injectable composite microgels 526:561 In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. 25893690 5 47 theme derived 1073:1079 arg1 cells 1098:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1058:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1058:1110 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 47 theme derived 1073:1079 arg1 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 48 theme cells 1098:1102 arg1 cytocompatibility 1022:1038 cytocompatibility 1022:1038 cytocompatibility 1022:1038 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 48 theme cells 1098:1102 arg1 migration 1045:1053 migration 1045:1053 migration 1045:1053 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 48 theme cells 1098:1102 arg1 adsorption 1010:1019 The protein adsorption 998:1019 The protein adsorption 998:1019 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 7 49 theme osteogenic-specific 1294:1312 arg1 osteopontin 1352:1362 osteopontin 1352:1362 osteopontin 1352:1362 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 7 49 theme osteogenic-specific 1294:1312 arg1 osteocalcin 1369:1379 osteocalcin 1369:1379 osteocalcin 1369:1379 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 7 49 theme osteogenic-specific 1294:1312 arg1 phosphatase 1339:1349 alkaline phosphatase 1330:1349 alkaline phosphatase 1330:1349 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 7 49 theme osteogenic-specific 1294:1312 arg1 markers 1314:1320 osteogenic-specific markers 1294:1320 osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin 1294:1379 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 0 50 theme Composite 58:66 arg1 Microgels 68:76 Composite Microgels 58:76 Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering 58:146 Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. 25893690 1 51 theme increased 311:319 arg1 properties 330:339 increased handling properties 311:339 increased handling properties 311:339 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 8 52 theme deeper 1533:1538 arg1 planes 1540:1545 deeper planes 1533:1545 deeper planes 1533:1545 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 1 53 theme hydroxyapatite 411:424 arg1 blocks 426:431 hydroxyapatite blocks 411:431 hydroxyapatite blocks 411:431 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 53 theme hydroxyapatite 411:424 arg1 graft 393:397 the conventionally used autologous graft 358:397 the conventionally used autologous graft 358:397 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 4 54 theme composite 815:823 arg1 microgel 825:832 The composite microgel 811:832 The composite microgel 811:832 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 7 55 theme markers 1314:1320 arg1 expression 1280:1289 the elevated expression 1267:1289 the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels 1267:1408 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 1 56 theme handling 321:328 arg1 properties 330:339 increased handling properties 311:339 increased handling properties 311:339 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 4 57 theme increased 877:885 arg1 modulus 895:901 an increased elastic modulus 874:901 an increased elastic modulus 874:901 The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. 25893690 1 58 contain have 220:223 arg2 adaptability 274:285 adaptability 274:285 adaptability to the defect site 274:304 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 58 contain have 220:223 arg2 advantages 230:239 many advantages 225:239 many advantages 225:239 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 58 contain have 220:223 arg2 flowability 261:271 controlled flowability 250:271 controlled flowability 250:271 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 58 contain have 220:223 arg1 systems 164:170 Injectable gel systems 149:170 Injectable gel systems 149:170 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 1 58 contain have 220:223 arg2 properties 330:339 increased handling properties 311:339 increased handling properties 311:339 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 6 59 theme control 1213:1219 arg1 gel 1221:1223 control gel 1213:1223 control gel 1213:1223 Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel elicited an early osteogenic differentiation compared to control gel. 25893690 1 60 theme Injectable 149:158 arg1 systems 164:170 Injectable gel systems 149:170 Injectable gel systems 149:170 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 3 61 theme microgel 654:661 arg1 systems 663:669 The prepared microgel systems 641:669 The prepared microgel systems 641:669 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 7 62 theme chitin-PCL-nHAp 1384:1398 arg1 microgels 1400:1408 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels 1384:1408 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels 1384:1408 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 5 63 theme rabbit 1058:1063 arg1 cells 1098:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1058:1102 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1058:1110 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 5 63 theme rabbit 1058:1063 arg1 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 rASCs 1105:1109 The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. 25893690 1 64 theme gel 160:162 arg1 systems 164:170 Injectable gel systems 149:170 Injectable gel systems 149:170 Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. 25893690 8 65 theme promising 1453:1461 arg1 microgel 1433:1440 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1417:1440 chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel 1417:1440 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 8 65 theme promising 1453:1461 arg1 system 1474:1479 a promising injectable system 1451:1479 a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature 1451:1587 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 7 66 theme alkaline 1330:1337 arg1 phosphatase 1339:1349 alkaline phosphatase 1330:1349 alkaline phosphatase 1330:1349 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 7 67 theme immunofluorescence 1230:1247 arg1 studies 1249:1255 The immunofluorescence studies 1226:1255 The immunofluorescence studies 1226:1255 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 3 68 theme electron 705:712 arg1 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 3 68 theme electron 705:712 arg1 microscope 714:723 scanning electron microscope 696:723 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 696:729 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 7 69 theme elevated 1271:1278 arg1 expression 1280:1289 the elevated expression 1267:1289 the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels 1267:1408 The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. 25893690 8 70 from nature 1582:1587 arg1 shaped 1560:1565 shaped 1560:1565 shaped 1560:1565 Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature. 25893690 3 71 theme X-ray 786:790 arg1 diffraction 792:802 X-ray diffraction 786:802 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 786:808 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25893690 3 71 theme X-ray 786:790 arg1 XRD 805:807 XRD 805:807 XRD 805:807 The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24747014 3 0 theme meniscus 526:533 arg1 plane 513:517 the cross-sectional plane 493:517 the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus 493:533 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 12 1 theme computational 2067:2079 arg1 models 2081:2086 axisymmetric computational models 2054:2086 axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint 2054:2104 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 2 theme knee 1826:1829 arg1 mechanics 1837:1845 knee joint mechanics 1826:1845 knee joint mechanics 1826:1845 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 4 3 theme human 686:690 arg1 meniscus 692:699 the human meniscus 682:699 the human meniscus 682:699 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 11 4 theme depth-dependent 1724:1738 arg1 constitution 1740:1751 a depth-dependent constitution 1722:1751 a depth-dependent constitution 1722:1751 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 11 5 theme stresses 1641:1648 arg1 low 1691:1693 low 1691:1693 low 1691:1693 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 11 5 theme stresses 1641:1648 arg1 distribution 1625:1636 the distribution 1621:1636 the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage 1621:1677 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 1 6 theme cartilage 186:194 arg1 important 199:207 important 199:207 important 199:207 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 1 6 theme cartilage 186:194 arg1 composition 161:171 The depth-dependent matrix composition 134:171 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage 134:194 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 7 7 with region 1242:1247 arg1 content 1285:1291 significantly higher collagen content 1255:1291 significantly higher collagen content 1255:1291 The anterior region, with significantly higher collagen content, was statistically stiffer than the posterior region. 24747014 4 8 theme matrix 663:668 arg1 contents 670:677 matrix contents 663:677 matrix contents 663:677 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 8 9 theme tissue 1423:1428 arg1 constitution 1403:1414 the constitution 1399:1414 the constitution of the tissue 1399:1428 However, depth wise, stiffness did not correlate to the constitution of the tissue. 24747014 0 10 theme knee 122:125 arg1 joint 127:131 the knee joint 118:131 the knee joint 118:131 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 3 11 theme numerical 577:585 arg1 models 587:592 numerical models 577:592 numerical models 577:592 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 5 12 theme depth-dependent 852:866 arg1 constitution 885:896 the depth-dependent matrix component constitution 848:896 the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus 848:912 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 5 13 theme component 875:883 arg1 constitution 885:896 the depth-dependent matrix component constitution 848:896 the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus 848:912 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 4 14 theme collagen 756:763 arg1 input 778:782 input 778:782 input 778:782 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 4 14 theme collagen 756:763 arg1 properties 738:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties 706:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen 706:763 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 2 15 theme depth-dependent 264:278 arg1 composition 287:297 the depth-dependent matrix composition 260:297 the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus 260:311 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 2 15 theme depth-dependent 264:278 arg1 important 326:334 important 326:334 important 326:334 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 5 16 theme axisymmetric 962:973 arg1 representation 975:988 an axisymmetric representation 959:988 an axisymmetric representation 959:988 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 4 17 theme fitted 706:711 arg1 input 778:782 input 778:782 input 778:782 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 4 17 theme fitted 706:711 arg1 properties 738:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties 706:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen 706:763 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 0 18 theme constitutive 63:74 arg1 components 76:85 human meniscus constitutive components 48:85 human meniscus constitutive components 48:85 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 3 19 theme mechanical 554:563 arg1 behavior 565:572 its mechanical behavior 550:572 its mechanical behavior in numerical models 550:592 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 0 20 theme native 9:14 arg1 distribution 32:43 a native depth-dependent distribution 7:43 a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components 7:85 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 5 21 from constitution 885:896 arg1 meniscus 905:912 the meniscus 901:912 the meniscus 901:912 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 1 22 theme matrix 154:159 arg1 important 199:207 important 199:207 important 199:207 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 1 22 theme matrix 154:159 arg1 composition 161:171 The depth-dependent matrix composition 134:171 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage 134:194 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 4 23 theme mechanical 727:736 arg1 input 778:782 input 778:782 input 778:782 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 4 23 theme mechanical 727:736 arg1 properties 738:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties 706:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen 706:763 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 12 24 theme matrix 1983:1988 arg1 distribution 1990:2001 the depth-dependent matrix distribution 1963:2001 the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus 1963:2017 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 24 theme matrix 1983:1988 arg1 essential 2026:2034 essential 2026:2034 essential 2026:2034 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 4 25 theme FEA 787:789 arg1 simulations 791:801 FEA simulations 787:801 FEA simulations of a knee joint 787:817 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 3 26 from behavior 565:572 arg1 models 587:592 numerical models 577:592 numerical models 577:592 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 7 27 theme collagen 1276:1283 arg1 content 1285:1291 significantly higher collagen content 1255:1291 significantly higher collagen content 1255:1291 The anterior region, with significantly higher collagen content, was statistically stiffer than the posterior region. 24747014 10 28 theme meniscus 1542:1549 arg1 collagen 1551:1558 meniscus collagen 1542:1558 meniscus collagen 1542:1558 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen were fitted against tensile test data. 24747014 3 29 theme native 449:454 arg1 distribution 456:467 the native distribution 445:467 the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus 445:533 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 0 30 theme components 76:85 arg1 distribution 32:43 a native depth-dependent distribution 7:43 a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components 7:85 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 3 31 theme components 479:488 arg1 distribution 456:467 the native distribution 445:467 the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus 445:533 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 7 32 theme anterior 1233:1240 arg1 stiffer 1312:1318 stiffer 1312:1318 stiffer 1312:1318 The anterior region, with significantly higher collagen content, was statistically stiffer than the posterior region. 24747014 7 32 theme anterior 1233:1240 arg1 region 1242:1247 The anterior region 1229:1247 The anterior region 1229:1247 The anterior region, with significantly higher collagen content, was statistically stiffer than the posterior region. 24747014 5 33 theme knee 997:1000 arg1 joint 1002:1006 the knee joint 993:1006 the knee joint 993:1006 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 12 34 theme meniscus 1944:1951 arg1 section 1929:1935 the cross section 1919:1935 the cross section of the meniscus 1919:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 0 35 theme human 48:52 arg1 components 76:85 human meniscus constitutive components 48:85 human meniscus constitutive components 48:85 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 9 36 theme GAG 1431:1433 arg1 content 1435:1441 GAG content 1431:1441 GAG content 1431:1441 GAG content was significantly higher in the posterior than in the anterior region. 24747014 12 37 theme components 1905:1914 arg1 distribution 1876:1887 the distribution 1872:1887 the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus 1872:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 10 38 theme test 1588:1591 arg1 data 1593:1596 tensile test data 1580:1596 tensile test data 1580:1596 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen were fitted against tensile test data. 24747014 4 39 theme knee 808:811 arg1 joint 813:817 a knee joint 806:817 a knee joint 806:817 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 2 40 theme load-bearing 344:355 arg1 function 357:364 its load-bearing function 340:364 its load-bearing function 340:364 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 12 41 theme cross 1923:1927 arg1 section 1929:1935 the cross section 1919:1935 the cross section of the meniscus 1919:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 42 from distribution 1876:1887 arg1 section 1929:1935 the cross section 1919:1935 the cross section of the meniscus 1919:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 9 43 theme anterior 1497:1504 arg1 region 1506:1511 the anterior region 1493:1511 the anterior region 1493:1511 GAG content was significantly higher in the posterior than in the anterior region. 24747014 5 44 theme matrix 1055:1060 arg1 composition 1062:1072 the depth-dependent matrix composition 1035:1072 the depth-dependent matrix composition 1035:1072 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 7 45 theme posterior 1329:1337 arg1 region 1339:1344 the posterior region 1325:1344 the posterior region 1325:1344 The anterior region, with significantly higher collagen content, was statistically stiffer than the posterior region. 24747014 4 46 theme depth-dependent 631:645 arg1 distribution 647:658 depth-dependent distribution 631:658 depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus 631:699 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 3 47 from distribution 456:467 arg1 plane 513:517 the cross-sectional plane 493:517 the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus 493:533 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 12 48 theme joint 2100:2104 arg1 models 2081:2086 axisymmetric computational models 2054:2086 axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint 2054:2104 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 49 theme joint 1831:1835 arg1 mechanics 1837:1845 knee joint mechanics 1826:1845 knee joint mechanics 1826:1845 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 2 50 theme meniscus 304:311 arg1 composition 287:297 the depth-dependent matrix composition 260:297 the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus 260:311 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 2 50 theme meniscus 304:311 arg1 important 326:334 important 326:334 important 326:334 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 4 51 used used 770:773 arg2 input 778:782 input 778:782 input 778:782 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 4 51 used used 770:773 arg2 properties 738:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties 706:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen 706:763 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 12 52 theme axisymmetric 2054:2065 arg1 models 2081:2086 axisymmetric computational models 2054:2086 axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint 2054:2104 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 1 53 theme articular 176:184 arg1 cartilage 186:194 articular cartilage 176:194 articular cartilage 176:194 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 0 54 theme joint 127:131 arg1 FEA-models 104:113 FEA-models 104:113 FEA-models of the knee joint 104:131 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 6 55 from differences 1113:1123 arg1 proteoglycan 1148:1159 proteoglycan 1148:1159 proteoglycan 1148:1159 Depth-dependent differences in water, collagen and proteoglycan contents were observed, but these were not significantly different. 24747014 6 55 from differences 1113:1123 arg1 collagen 1135:1142 collagen 1135:1142 collagen 1135:1142 Depth-dependent differences in water, collagen and proteoglycan contents were observed, but these were not significantly different. 24747014 6 55 from differences 1113:1123 arg1 water 1128:1132 water 1128:1132 water 1128:1132 Depth-dependent differences in water, collagen and proteoglycan contents were observed, but these were not significantly different. 24747014 5 56 theme matrix 868:873 arg1 constitution 885:896 the depth-dependent matrix component constitution 848:896 the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus 848:912 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 12 57 theme meniscus 2010:2017 arg1 distribution 1990:2001 the depth-dependent matrix distribution 1963:2001 the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus 1963:2017 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 57 theme meniscus 2010:2017 arg1 essential 2026:2034 essential 2026:2034 essential 2026:2034 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 58 from section 1929:1935 arg1 distribution 1876:1887 the distribution 1872:1887 the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus 1872:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 4 59 theme contents 670:677 arg1 distribution 647:658 depth-dependent distribution 631:658 depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus 631:699 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 11 60 from distribution 1625:1636 arg1 cartilage 1669:1677 the cartilage 1665:1677 the cartilage 1665:1677 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 8 61 theme depth 1356:1360 arg1 stiffness 1368:1376 stiffness 1368:1376 stiffness 1368:1376 However, depth wise, stiffness did not correlate to the constitution of the tissue. 24747014 8 61 theme depth 1356:1360 arg1 wise 1362:1365 depth wise 1356:1365 depth wise 1356:1365 However, depth wise, stiffness did not correlate to the constitution of the tissue. 24747014 2 62 theme matrix 280:285 arg1 composition 287:297 the depth-dependent matrix composition 260:297 the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus 260:311 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 2 62 theme matrix 280:285 arg1 important 326:334 important 326:334 important 326:334 It is unknown whether the depth-dependent matrix composition of a meniscus is similarly important for its load-bearing function. 24747014 4 63 from distribution 647:658 arg1 meniscus 692:699 the human meniscus 682:699 the human meniscus 682:699 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 1 64 theme depth-dependent 138:152 arg1 important 199:207 important 199:207 important 199:207 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 1 64 theme depth-dependent 138:152 arg1 composition 161:171 The depth-dependent matrix composition 134:171 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage 134:194 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 4 65 theme visco-elastic 713:725 arg1 input 778:782 input 778:782 input 778:782 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 4 65 theme visco-elastic 713:725 arg1 properties 738:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties 706:747 fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen 706:763 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 24747014 7 66 theme higher 1269:1274 arg1 content 1285:1291 significantly higher collagen content 1255:1291 significantly higher collagen content 1255:1291 The anterior region, with significantly higher collagen content, was statistically stiffer than the posterior region. 24747014 5 67 theme joint 1002:1006 arg1 representation 975:988 an axisymmetric representation 959:988 an axisymmetric representation 959:988 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 3 68 theme present 371:377 arg1 objective 379:387 The present objective 367:387 The present objective 367:387 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 12 69 theme depth-dependent 1967:1981 arg1 distribution 1990:2001 the depth-dependent matrix distribution 1963:2001 the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus 1963:2017 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 12 69 theme depth-dependent 1967:1981 arg1 essential 2026:2034 essential 2026:2034 essential 2026:2034 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 10 70 theme Visco-elastic 1514:1526 arg1 properties 1528:1537 Visco-elastic properties 1514:1537 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen 1514:1558 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen were fitted against tensile test data. 24747014 6 71 dep water 1128:1132 arg1 contents 1161:1168 contents 1161:1168 contents 1161:1168 Depth-dependent differences in water, collagen and proteoglycan contents were observed, but these were not significantly different. 24747014 0 72 theme depth-dependent 16:30 arg1 distribution 32:43 a native depth-dependent distribution 7:43 a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components 7:85 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 1 73 theme mechanical 217:226 arg1 behavior 228:235 its mechanical behavior 213:235 its mechanical behavior 213:235 The depth-dependent matrix composition of articular cartilage is important for its mechanical behavior. 24747014 11 74 contain contains 1713:1720 arg2 constitution 1740:1751 a depth-dependent constitution 1722:1751 a depth-dependent constitution 1722:1751 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 11 74 contain contains 1713:1720 arg1 meniscus 1704:1711 the meniscus 1700:1711 the meniscus 1700:1711 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 6 75 theme Depth-dependent 1097:1111 arg1 differences 1113:1123 Depth-dependent differences 1097:1123 Depth-dependent differences in water, collagen and proteoglycan contents 1097:1168 Depth-dependent differences in water, collagen and proteoglycan contents were observed, but these were not significantly different. 24747014 10 76 theme collagen 1551:1558 arg1 properties 1528:1537 Visco-elastic properties 1514:1537 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen 1514:1558 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen were fitted against tensile test data. 24747014 3 77 theme matrix 472:477 arg1 components 479:488 matrix components 472:488 matrix components 472:488 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 0 78 theme meniscus 54:61 arg1 components 76:85 human meniscus constitutive components 48:85 human meniscus constitutive components 48:85 Should a native depth-dependent distribution of human meniscus constitutive components be considered in FEA-models of the knee joint? 24747014 5 79 theme homogenized 1077:1087 arg1 matrix 1089:1094 homogenized matrix 1077:1094 homogenized matrix 1077:1094 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 12 80 from components 1905:1914 arg1 section 1929:1935 the cross section 1919:1935 the cross section of the meniscus 1919:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 11 81 theme strains 1654:1660 arg1 low 1691:1693 low 1691:1693 low 1691:1693 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 11 81 theme strains 1654:1660 arg1 distribution 1625:1636 the distribution 1621:1636 the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage 1621:1677 Simulations show that the distribution of stresses and strains in the cartilage is slightly low when the meniscus contains a depth-dependent constitution, but this difference is only modest. 24747014 12 82 theme constitutive 1892:1903 arg1 components 1905:1914 constitutive components 1892:1914 constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus 1892:1951 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 10 83 theme tensile 1580:1586 arg1 data 1593:1596 tensile test data 1580:1596 tensile test data 1580:1596 Visco-elastic properties of meniscus collagen were fitted against tensile test data. 24747014 3 84 theme cross-sectional 497:511 arg1 plane 513:517 the cross-sectional plane 493:517 the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus 493:533 The present objective was to determine whether it is necessary to account for the native distribution of matrix components in the cross-sectional plane of the meniscus, when studying its mechanical behavior in numerical models. 24747014 12 85 theme knee 2095:2098 arg1 joint 2100:2104 the knee joint 2091:2104 the knee joint 2091:2104 Therefore, this study suggests that knee joint mechanics is rather insensitive to the distribution of constitutive components in the cross section of the meniscus, and that the depth-dependent matrix distribution of the meniscus is not essential to be included in axisymmetric computational models of the knee joint. 24747014 5 86 theme depth-dependent 1039:1053 arg1 composition 1062:1072 the depth-dependent matrix composition 1035:1072 the depth-dependent matrix composition 1035:1072 The importance of including the depth-dependent matrix component constitution in the meniscus was determined by comparing simulations with an axisymmetric representation of the knee joint, which incorporated either the depth-dependent matrix composition or homogenized matrix. 24747014 4 87 theme joint 813:817 arg1 simulations 791:801 FEA simulations 787:801 FEA simulations of a knee joint 787:817 To address this objective, measured depth-dependent distribution of matrix contents in the human meniscus, and fitted visco-elastic mechanical properties of the collagen were used as input in FEA simulations of a knee joint. 25497783 6 0 theme IVM 882:884 arg1 conditions 886:895 IVM conditions 882:895 IVM conditions 882:895 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 4 1 theme structural 583:592 arg1 organization 609:620 the correct structural and functional organization 571:620 the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation 571:660 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 7 2 theme 15 μg/mL 1072:1079 arg1 media 1047:1051 two media 1043:1051 two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS 1043:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 2 theme 15 μg/mL 1072:1079 arg1 HA 1081:1082 15 μg/mL HA 1072:1082 15 μg/mL HA 1072:1082 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 17 3 theme blastocyst 2737:2746 arg1 stage 2748:2752 the blastocyst stage 2733:2752 the blastocyst stage 2733:2752 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 1 4 theme in vitro 175:182 arg1 maturation 191:200 in vitro oocyte maturation 175:200 in vitro oocyte maturation 175:200 The conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation impact on cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte. 25497783 2 5 from presence 352:359 arg1 complexes 397:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 8 6 theme polar 1171:1175 arg1 body 1177:1180 first polar body 1165:1180 first polar body 1165:1180 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 16 7 located found 2467:2471 arg1 group 2488:2492 the FSH-FBS group 2476:2492 the FSH-FBS group 2476:2492 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 16 7 located found 2467:2471 arg2 41 2452:2453 41 2452:2453 41 2452:2453 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 4 8 theme cumulus 629:635 arg1 organization 609:620 the correct structural and functional organization 571:620 the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation 571:660 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 0 9 theme bovine 117:122 arg1 proteome 131:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 5 10 theme fetal 829:833 arg1 FBS 849:851 FBS 849:851 FBS 849:851 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 5 10 theme fetal 829:833 arg1 serum 842:846 fetal bovine serum 829:846 fetal bovine serum (FBS) 829:852 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 12 11 theme inseminated 1778:1788 arg1 oocytes 1790:1796 those inseminated oocytes 1772:1796 those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing 1772:1840 However, at Day 7, those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing showed that although there are still early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition, EGF-HA embryos have developed completely into blastocysts. 25497783 4 12 theme oocyte 644:649 arg1 maturation 651:660 oocyte maturation 644:660 oocyte maturation 644:660 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 5 13 theme oocytes 726:732 arg1 competence 705:714 the developmental competence 687:714 the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA 687:806 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 6 14 theme proteomic 904:912 arg1 profile 914:920 the proteomic profile 900:920 the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes 900:951 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 17 15 used used 2648:2651 arg2 supplementation 2593:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation 2577:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 2577:2637 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 7 16 dep EGF 1067:1069 arg1 1 1055:1055 1 1055:1055 1 1055:1055 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 1 17 from impact 202:207 arg1 processes 236:244 cytoplasmic and nuclear processes 212:244 cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte 212:258 The conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation impact on cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte. 25497783 9 18 theme polar 1385:1389 arg1 extrusion 1396:1404 polar body extrusion 1385:1404 polar body extrusion 1385:1404 Oocytes matured in the presence of EGF-HA showed an increase (6%, P < 0.05) in the percentage of polar body extrusion. 25497783 0 19 from impact 107:112 arg1 proteome 131:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 0 19 from impact 107:112 arg1 competence 144:153 competence 144:153 competence 144:153 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 12 20 theme EGF-HA 1923:1928 arg1 embryos 1930:1936 EGF-HA embryos 1923:1936 EGF-HA embryos 1923:1936 However, at Day 7, those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing showed that although there are still early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition, EGF-HA embryos have developed completely into blastocysts. 25497783 5 21 theme developmental 691:703 arg1 competence 705:714 the developmental competence 687:714 the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA 687:806 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 15 22 theme composition 2285:2295 arg1 Modifications 2257:2269 Modifications 2257:2269 Modifications of IVM medium composition 2257:2295 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 9 23 theme extrusion 1396:1404 arg1 percentage 1371:1380 the percentage 1367:1380 the percentage of polar body extrusion 1367:1404 Oocytes matured in the presence of EGF-HA showed an increase (6%, P < 0.05) in the percentage of polar body extrusion. 25497783 16 24 theme proteomic 2379:2387 arg1 approach 2389:2396 The proteomic approach 2375:2396 The proteomic approach 2375:2396 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 17 25 theme medium 2632:2637 arg1 supplementation 2593:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation 2577:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 2577:2637 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 8 26 theme development 1231:1241 arg1 kinetics 1212:1219 the kinetics 1208:1219 the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles 1208:1271 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 8 26 theme development 1231:1241 arg1 percentages 1150:1160 The percentages 1146:1160 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production 1146:1202 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 11 27 theme Cleavage 1598:1605 arg1 rate 1607:1610 Cleavage rate 1598:1610 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS 1598:1642 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS was 5% higher (P < 0.05) with respect to EGF-HA-matured oocytes when evaluated 30 hours after fertilization. 25497783 14 28 with stages 2186:2191 arg1 rates 2206:2210 similar rates 2198:2210 similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition 2198:2254 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 14 28 with stages 2186:2191 arg1 % 2215:2215 ∼4% 2213:2215 ∼4% 2213:2215 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 12 29 from blastocysts 1885:1895 arg1 condition 1912:1920 the FSH-FBS condition 1900:1920 the FSH-FBS condition 1900:1920 However, at Day 7, those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing showed that although there are still early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition, EGF-HA embryos have developed completely into blastocysts. 25497783 2 30 from nature 311:316 arg1 complexes 397:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 6 31 theme two-dimensional 969:983 arg1 electrophoresis 985:999 two-dimensional electrophoresis 969:999 two-dimensional electrophoresis 969:999 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 1 32 from processes 236:244 arg1 oocyte 253:258 the oocyte 249:258 the oocyte 249:258 The conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation impact on cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte. 25497783 8 33 theme oocyte 1247:1252 arg1 profiles 1264:1271 oocyte proteomic profiles 1247:1271 oocyte proteomic profiles 1247:1271 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 0 34 theme maturation 81:90 arg1 medium 92:97 in vitro maturation medium 72:97 in vitro maturation medium 72:97 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 11 35 dep higher 1651:1656 arg1 P < 0.05 1659:1666 P < 0.05 1659:1666 P < 0.05 1659:1666 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS was 5% higher (P < 0.05) with respect to EGF-HA-matured oocytes when evaluated 30 hours after fertilization. 25497783 8 36 theme profiles 1264:1271 arg1 kinetics 1212:1219 the kinetics 1208:1219 the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles 1208:1271 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 8 36 theme profiles 1264:1271 arg1 percentages 1150:1160 The percentages 1146:1160 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production 1146:1202 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 7 37 theme 10 1137:1138 arg1 % 1139:1139 % 1139:1139 % 1139:1139 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 15 38 theme differential 2354:2365 arg1 manner 2367:2372 a differential manner 2352:2372 a differential manner 2352:2372 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 6 39 theme oocytes 945:951 arg1 profile 914:920 the proteomic profile 900:920 the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes 900:951 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 17 40 theme oocyte 2664:2669 arg1 competence 2679:2688 oocyte meiotic competence 2664:2688 oocyte meiotic competence 2664:2688 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 14 41 theme noncleaved 2117:2126 arg1 zygotes 2140:2146 noncleaved presumptive zygotes 2117:2146 noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 2117:2155 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 3 42 theme growth 444:449 arg1 factor 451:456 the main growth factor 435:456 the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation 435:484 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 3 42 theme growth 444:449 arg1 factor 425:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 11 43 theme oocytes 1615:1621 arg1 rate 1607:1610 Cleavage rate 1598:1610 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS 1598:1642 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS was 5% higher (P < 0.05) with respect to EGF-HA-matured oocytes when evaluated 30 hours after fertilization. 25497783 16 44 theme EGF-HA 2519:2524 arg1 group 2526:2530 the EGF-HA group 2515:2530 the EGF-HA group 2515:2530 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 4 45 theme hyaluronic 493:502 arg1 HA 510:511 HA 510:511 HA 510:511 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 4 45 theme hyaluronic 493:502 arg1 acid 504:507 hyaluronic acid 493:507 hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells 493:538 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 0 46 theme in vitro 72:79 arg1 medium 92:97 in vitro maturation medium 72:97 in vitro maturation medium 72:97 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 2 47 theme cumulus-oocyte 382:395 arg1 complexes 397:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 0 48 theme Combined 0:7 arg1 supplementation 53:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation 0:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 0:97 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 15 49 theme bovine 2334:2339 arg1 oocytes 2341:2347 bovine oocytes 2334:2347 bovine oocytes 2334:2347 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 17 50 theme combined 2577:2584 arg1 supplementation 2593:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation 2577:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 2577:2637 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 0 51 theme growth 19:24 arg1 factor 26:31 epidermal growth factor 9:31 epidermal growth factor 9:31 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 13 52 theme maturation 2075:2084 arg1 conditions 2086:2095 both maturation conditions 2070:2095 both maturation conditions 2070:2095 Still, the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion was similar between both maturation conditions. 25497783 10 53 theme expanded 1519:1526 arg1 blastocyst 1528:1537 expanded blastocyst 1519:1537 expanded blastocyst 1519:1537 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 3 54 theme Epidermal 408:416 arg1 factor 451:456 the main growth factor 435:456 the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation 435:484 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 3 54 theme Epidermal 408:416 arg1 factor 425:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 0 55 theme acid 48:51 arg1 supplementation 53:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation 0:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 0:97 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 17 56 theme maturation 2621:2630 arg1 medium 2632:2637 in vitro maturation medium 2612:2637 in vitro maturation medium 2612:2637 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 14 57 theme condition 2246:2254 arg1 rates 2206:2210 similar rates 2198:2210 similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition 2198:2254 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 14 57 theme condition 2246:2254 arg1 % 2215:2215 ∼4% 2213:2215 ∼4% 2213:2215 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 10 58 theme total 1550:1554 arg1 production 1563:1572 total embryo production 1550:1572 total embryo production 1550:1572 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 15 59 theme IVM 2274:2276 arg1 composition 2285:2295 IVM medium composition 2274:2295 IVM medium composition 2274:2295 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 1 60 theme nuclear 228:234 arg1 processes 236:244 cytoplasmic and nuclear processes 212:244 cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte 212:258 The conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation impact on cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte. 25497783 12 61 theme early 1879:1883 arg1 blastocysts 1885:1895 early blastocysts 1879:1895 early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition 1879:1920 However, at Day 7, those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing showed that although there are still early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition, EGF-HA embryos have developed completely into blastocysts. 25497783 10 62 dep rate 1511:1514 arg1 neither 1539:1545 neither 1539:1545 neither 1539:1545 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 2 63 theme cumulus 371:377 arg1 nature 311:316 the nature 307:316 the nature of the maturation inducer 307:342 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 2 63 theme cumulus 371:377 arg1 presence 352:359 the presence 348:359 the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes 348:405 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 13 64 theme embryos 2018:2024 arg1 similar 2054:2060 similar 2054:2060 similar 2054:2060 Still, the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion was similar between both maturation conditions. 25497783 13 64 theme embryos 2018:2024 arg1 rate 2004:2007 the production rate 1989:2007 the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion 1989:2048 Still, the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion was similar between both maturation conditions. 25497783 17 65 theme in vitro 2612:2619 arg1 medium 2632:2637 in vitro maturation medium 2612:2637 in vitro maturation medium 2612:2637 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 6 66 theme conditions 886:895 arg1 impact 872:877 the impact 868:877 the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes 868:951 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 7 67 theme % 1139:1139 arg1 FBS 1141:1143 10% FBS 1137:1143 10% FBS 1137:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 67 theme % 1139:1139 arg1 media 1047:1051 two media 1043:1051 two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS 1043:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 10 68 theme IVM 1582:1584 arg1 conditions 1586:1595 IVM conditions 1582:1595 IVM conditions 1582:1595 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 2 69 attach presence 352:359 arg2 cumulus 371:377 intact cumulus 364:377 intact cumulus 364:377 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 2 69 attach presence 352:359 arg1 complexes 397:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 cumulus-oocyte complexes 382:405 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 2 69 attach presence 352:359 arg2 inducer 336:342 the maturation inducer 321:342 the maturation inducer 321:342 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 14 70 from Day 2151:2153 arg1 zygotes 2140:2146 noncleaved presumptive zygotes 2117:2146 noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 2117:2155 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 13 71 theme production 1993:2002 arg1 similar 2054:2060 similar 2054:2060 similar 2054:2060 Still, the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion was similar between both maturation conditions. 25497783 13 71 theme production 1993:2002 arg1 rate 2004:2007 the production rate 1989:2007 the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion 1989:2048 Still, the production rate of those embryos that achieved expansion was similar between both maturation conditions. 25497783 12 72 theme correct 1827:1833 arg1 timing 1835:1840 a correct timing 1825:1840 a correct timing 1825:1840 However, at Day 7, those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing showed that although there are still early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition, EGF-HA embryos have developed completely into blastocysts. 25497783 4 73 theme correct 575:581 arg1 organization 609:620 the correct structural and functional organization 571:620 the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation 571:660 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 7 74 theme 10 ng/mL 1058:1065 arg1 media 1047:1051 two media 1043:1051 two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS 1043:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 74 theme 10 ng/mL 1058:1065 arg1 EGF 1067:1069 (1) 10 ng/mL EGF 1054:1069 (1) 10 ng/mL EGF 1054:1069 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 75 theme 100-μM 1089:1094 arg1 cysteamine 1096:1105 100-μM cysteamine 1089:1105 100-μM cysteamine 1089:1105 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 75 theme 100-μM 1089:1094 arg1 media 1047:1051 two media 1043:1051 two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS 1043:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 10 76 located found 1498:1502 arg2 differences 1481:1491 no differences 1478:1491 no differences 1478:1491 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 10 76 located found 1498:1502 arg1 rate 1511:1514 the rate 1507:1514 the rate of expanded blastocyst 1507:1537 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 14 77 theme similar 2198:2204 arg1 rates 2206:2210 similar rates 2198:2210 similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition 2198:2254 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 14 77 theme similar 2198:2204 arg1 % 2215:2215 ∼4% 2213:2215 ∼4% 2213:2215 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 7 78 dep rh-FSH 1126:1131 arg1 2 1112:1112 2 1112:1112 2 1112:1112 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 1 79 theme oocyte 184:189 arg1 maturation 191:200 in vitro oocyte maturation 175:200 in vitro oocyte maturation 175:200 The conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation impact on cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte. 25497783 6 80 theme bovine 938:943 arg1 oocytes 945:951 metaphase II bovine oocytes 925:951 metaphase II bovine oocytes 925:951 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 8 81 theme first 1165:1169 arg1 body 1177:1180 first polar body 1165:1180 first polar body 1165:1180 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 10 82 theme FSH-FBS 1459:1465 arg1 group 1467:1471 the FSH-FBS group 1455:1471 the FSH-FBS group 1455:1471 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 0 83 theme oocyte 124:129 arg1 proteome 131:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 6 84 theme metaphase 925:933 arg1 oocytes 945:951 metaphase II bovine oocytes 925:951 metaphase II bovine oocytes 925:951 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 17 85 theme better 2703:2708 arg1 timing 2710:2715 a better timing 2701:2715 a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage 2701:2752 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 8 86 theme body 1177:1180 arg1 kinetics 1212:1219 the kinetics 1208:1219 the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles 1208:1271 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 8 86 theme body 1177:1180 arg1 percentages 1150:1160 The percentages 1146:1160 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production 1146:1202 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 5 87 theme bovine 719:724 arg1 oocytes 726:732 bovine oocytes 719:732 bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA 719:806 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 5 88 theme bovine 835:840 arg1 FBS 849:851 FBS 849:851 FBS 849:851 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 5 88 theme bovine 835:840 arg1 serum 842:846 fetal bovine serum 829:846 fetal bovine serum (FBS) 829:852 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 8 89 theme production 1193:1202 arg1 kinetics 1212:1219 the kinetics 1208:1219 the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles 1208:1271 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 8 89 theme production 1193:1202 arg1 percentages 1150:1160 The percentages 1146:1160 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production 1146:1202 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 8 90 theme embryo 1186:1191 arg1 production 1193:1202 embryo production 1186:1202 embryo production 1186:1202 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 16 91 from presence 2411:2418 arg1 treatments 2440:2449 both treatments 2435:2449 both treatments 2435:2449 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 7 92 theme Cumulus-oocyte 1002:1015 arg1 complexes 1017:1025 Cumulus-oocyte complexes 1002:1025 Cumulus-oocyte complexes 1002:1025 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 9 93 dep increase 1340:1347 arg1 P < 0.05 1354:1361 P < 0.05 1354:1361 P < 0.05 1354:1361 Oocytes matured in the presence of EGF-HA showed an increase (6%, P < 0.05) in the percentage of polar body extrusion. 25497783 9 93 dep increase 1340:1347 arg1 % 1351:1351 6% 1350:1351 6% 1350:1351 Oocytes matured in the presence of EGF-HA showed an increase (6%, P < 0.05) in the percentage of polar body extrusion. 25497783 12 94 theme FSH-FBS 1904:1910 arg1 condition 1912:1920 the FSH-FBS condition 1900:1920 the FSH-FBS condition 1900:1920 However, at Day 7, those inseminated oocytes that underwent division at a correct timing showed that although there are still early blastocysts in the FSH-FBS condition, EGF-HA embryos have developed completely into blastocysts. 25497783 14 95 theme different 2176:2184 arg1 stages 2186:2191 the different stages 2172:2191 the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition 2172:2254 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 15 96 theme protein 2315:2321 arg1 profile 2323:2329 protein profile 2315:2329 protein profile of bovine oocytes 2315:2347 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 9 97 theme body 1391:1394 arg1 extrusion 1396:1404 polar body extrusion 1385:1404 polar body extrusion 1385:1404 Oocytes matured in the presence of EGF-HA showed an increase (6%, P < 0.05) in the percentage of polar body extrusion. 25497783 2 98 theme inducer 336:342 arg1 nature 311:316 the nature 307:316 the nature of the maturation inducer 307:342 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 2 98 theme inducer 336:342 arg1 presence 352:359 the presence 348:359 the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes 348:405 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 5 99 theme maturation 756:765 arg1 medium 767:772 a maturation medium 754:772 a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA 754:806 Therefore, we evaluated the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro in a maturation medium supplemented with both EGF and HA, compared to FSH and fetal bovine serum (FBS). 25497783 8 100 theme embryo 1224:1229 arg1 development 1231:1241 embryo development 1224:1241 embryo development 1224:1241 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 0 101 theme medium 92:97 arg1 impact 107:112 its impact 103:112 its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence 103:153 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 0 101 theme medium 92:97 arg1 supplementation 53:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation 0:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 0:97 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 15 102 theme medium 2278:2283 arg1 composition 2285:2295 IVM medium composition 2274:2295 IVM medium composition 2274:2295 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 16 103 theme spots 2426:2430 arg1 presence 2411:2418 the presence 2407:2418 the presence of 68 spots in both treatments 2407:2449 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 0 104 from supplementation 53:67 arg1 proteome 131:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 bovine oocyte proteome 117:138 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 0 104 from supplementation 53:67 arg1 competence 144:153 competence 144:153 competence 144:153 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 8 105 theme proteomic 1254:1262 arg1 profiles 1264:1271 oocyte proteomic profiles 1247:1271 oocyte proteomic profiles 1247:1271 The percentages of first polar body and embryo production and the kinetics of embryo development and oocyte proteomic profiles were analyzed. 25497783 14 106 theme presumptive 2128:2138 arg1 zygotes 2140:2146 noncleaved presumptive zygotes 2117:2146 noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 2117:2155 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 11 107 theme EGF-HA-matured 1685:1698 arg1 oocytes 1700:1706 EGF-HA-matured oocytes 1685:1706 EGF-HA-matured oocytes 1685:1706 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS was 5% higher (P < 0.05) with respect to EGF-HA-matured oocytes when evaluated 30 hours after fertilization. 25497783 7 108 theme UI/mL 1120:1124 arg1 media 1047:1051 two media 1043:1051 two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS 1043:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 108 theme UI/mL 1120:1124 arg1 rh-FSH 1126:1131 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH 1115:1131 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH 1115:1131 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 17 109 theme meiotic 2671:2677 arg1 competence 2679:2688 oocyte meiotic competence 2664:2688 oocyte meiotic competence 2664:2688 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 0 110 theme epidermal 9:17 arg1 factor 26:31 epidermal growth factor 9:31 epidermal growth factor 9:31 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 14 111 theme other 2105:2109 arg1 hand 2111:2114 the other hand 2101:2114 the other hand 2101:2114 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 3 112 theme main 439:442 arg1 factor 451:456 the main growth factor 435:456 the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation 435:484 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 3 112 theme main 439:442 arg1 factor 425:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 0 113 theme factor 26:31 arg1 supplementation 53:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation 0:67 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 0:97 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 15 114 theme oocytes 2341:2347 arg1 profile 2323:2329 protein profile 2315:2329 protein profile of bovine oocytes 2315:2347 Modifications of IVM medium composition markedly affected protein profile of bovine oocytes in a differential manner. 25497783 11 115 dep hours 1726:1730 arg1 fertilization 1738:1750 fertilization 1738:1750 fertilization 1738:1750 Cleavage rate of oocytes matured with FSH-FBS was 5% higher (P < 0.05) with respect to EGF-HA-matured oocytes when evaluated 30 hours after fertilization. 25497783 17 116 theme EGF-HA 2586:2591 arg1 supplementation 2593:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation 2577:2607 combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium 2577:2637 Taken together, these results indicate that combined EGF-HA supplementation of in vitro maturation medium could be used to improve oocyte meiotic competence and ensure a better timing to develop into the blastocyst stage. 25497783 10 117 theme blastocyst 1528:1537 arg1 rate 1511:1514 the rate 1507:1514 the rate of expanded blastocyst 1507:1537 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 0 118 theme hyaluronic 37:46 arg1 acid 48:51 hyaluronic acid 37:51 hyaluronic acid 37:51 Combined epidermal growth factor and hyaluronic acid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium and its impact on bovine oocyte proteome and competence. 25497783 1 119 theme cytoplasmic 212:222 arg1 processes 236:244 cytoplasmic and nuclear processes 212:244 cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte 212:258 The conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation impact on cytoplasmic and nuclear processes in the oocyte. 25497783 4 120 theme cumulus 526:532 arg1 cells 534:538 cumulus cells 526:538 cumulus cells 526:538 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 3 121 theme oocyte 468:473 arg1 maturation 475:484 oocyte maturation 468:484 oocyte maturation 468:484 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 6 122 from impact 872:877 arg1 profile 914:920 the proteomic profile 900:920 the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes 900:951 In addition, the impact of IVM conditions on the proteomic profile of metaphase II bovine oocytes was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 25497783 16 123 theme FSH-FBS 2480:2486 arg1 group 2488:2492 the FSH-FBS group 2476:2492 the FSH-FBS group 2476:2492 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 3 124 theme growth 418:423 arg1 factor 451:456 the main growth factor 435:456 the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation 435:484 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 3 124 theme growth 418:423 arg1 factor 425:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor 408:430 Epidermal growth factor is the main growth factor promoting oocyte maturation. 25497783 10 125 theme blastocyst 1411:1420 arg1 higher 1445:1450 higher 1445:1450 higher 1445:1450 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 10 125 theme blastocyst 1411:1420 arg1 rate 1422:1425 The blastocyst rate 1407:1425 The blastocyst rate 1407:1425 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 10 126 theme embryo 1556:1561 arg1 production 1563:1572 total embryo production 1550:1572 total embryo production 1550:1572 The blastocyst rate was 3% (P < 0.05) higher in the FSH-FBS group, but no differences were found in the rate of expanded blastocyst neither in total embryo production between IVM conditions. 25497783 16 127 attach presence 2411:2418 arg2 spots 2426:2430 68 spots 2423:2430 68 spots 2423:2430 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 16 127 attach presence 2411:2418 arg1 treatments 2440:2449 both treatments 2435:2449 both treatments 2435:2449 The proteomic approach revealed the presence of 68 spots in both treatments, 41 exclusively found in the FSH-FBS group and 64 exclusive for the EGF-HA group. 25497783 4 128 theme functional 598:607 arg1 organization 609:620 the correct structural and functional organization 571:620 the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation 571:660 Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) produced by cumulus cells is known to be responsible for the correct structural and functional organization of the cumulus during oocyte maturation. 25497783 14 129 theme medium 2239:2244 arg1 condition 2246:2254 the medium condition 2235:2254 the medium condition 2235:2254 On the other hand, noncleaved presumptive zygotes at Day 7 developed into the different stages with similar rates (∼4%) independently of the medium condition. 25497783 2 130 theme maturation 325:334 arg1 inducer 336:342 the maturation inducer 321:342 the maturation inducer 321:342 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 7 131 dep media 1047:1051 arg1 cysteamine 1096:1105 100-μM cysteamine 1089:1105 100-μM cysteamine 1089:1105 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 131 dep media 1047:1051 arg1 media 1047:1051 two media 1043:1051 two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS 1043:1143 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 131 dep media 1047:1051 arg1 EGF 1067:1069 (1) 10 ng/mL EGF 1054:1069 (1) 10 ng/mL EGF 1054:1069 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 131 dep media 1047:1051 arg1 HA 1081:1082 15 μg/mL HA 1072:1082 15 μg/mL HA 1072:1082 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 7 131 dep media 1047:1051 arg1 rh-FSH 1126:1131 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH 1115:1131 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH 1115:1131 Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in two media: (1) 10 ng/mL EGF, 15 μg/mL HA, and 100-μM cysteamine and (2) 0.01 UI/mL rh-FSH and 10% FBS. 25497783 2 132 theme intact 364:369 arg1 cumulus 371:377 intact cumulus 364:377 intact cumulus 364:377 These events are differentially influenced by the nature of the maturation inducer and the presence of intact cumulus in cumulus-oocyte complexes. 25497783 9 133 theme EGF-HA 1323:1328 arg1 presence 1311:1318 the presence 1307:1318 the presence of EGF-HA 1307:1328 Oocytes matured in the presence of EGF-HA showed an increase (6%, P < 0.05) in the percentage of polar body extrusion. 28116599 6 0 theme tablets 977:983 arg1 formula 954:960 The formula 950:960 The formula of bioadhesive tablets 950:983 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 10 1 theme great 1768:1772 arg1 design 1796:1801 a great potential dosage form design 1766:1801 a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs 1766:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 8 2 theme junction 1294:1301 arg1 damage 1303:1308 the tight junction damage 1284:1308 the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs 1284:1355 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 10 3 theme drugs 1836:1840 arg1 delivery 1816:1823 the oral delivery 1807:1823 the oral delivery of protein drugs 1807:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 7 4 theme 26.76 ± 3.56 mV 1197:1211 arg1 value 1188:1192 zeta-potential value 1173:1192 zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV 1173:1211 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 7 4 theme 26.76 ± 3.56 mV 1197:1211 arg1 diameter 1140:1147 an average particle diameter 1120:1147 an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1120:1167 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 9 5 theme rabbit 1612:1617 arg1 intestine 1625:1633 rabbit small intestine 1612:1633 rabbit small intestine 1612:1633 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 5 6 dep nanoparticles 870:882 arg1 loading 893:899 loading 893:899 loading 893:899 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 4 7 theme sufficient 744:753 arg1 drugs 763:767 sufficient protein drugs 744:767 sufficient protein drugs 744:767 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 2 8 theme chitosan 340:347 arg1 nanoparticles 349:361 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles 331:361 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles 331:361 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles have been found to open the tight junctions between epithelial cells. 28116599 8 9 theme Caco-2 1317:1322 arg1 monolayer 1329:1337 the Caco-2 cell monolayer 1313:1337 the Caco-2 cell monolayer 1313:1337 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 6 10 theme response 1047:1054 arg1 methodology 1064:1074 response surface methodology 1047:1074 response surface methodology 1047:1074 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 8 11 theme high 1383:1386 arg1 efficiency 1398:1407 the high transport efficiency 1379:1407 the high transport efficiency of BSA 1379:1414 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 10 12 theme dosage 1784:1789 arg1 design 1796:1801 a great potential dosage form design 1766:1801 a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs 1766:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 5 13 theme bovine 922:927 arg1 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 5 13 theme bovine 922:927 arg1 albumin 935:941 drug bovine serum albumin 917:941 a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) 901:947 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 8 14 theme monolayer 1329:1337 arg1 damage 1303:1308 the tight junction damage 1284:1308 the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs 1284:1355 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 10 15 theme protein 1828:1834 arg1 drugs 1836:1840 protein drugs 1828:1840 protein drugs 1828:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 5 16 from nano-reservoir 807:820 arg1 tablets 837:843 bioadhesive tablets 825:843 bioadhesive tablets 825:843 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 6 17 theme central 1018:1024 arg1 design 1036:1041 rotatable central composite design 1008:1041 rotatable central composite design 1008:1041 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 8 18 theme BSA 1412:1414 arg1 efficiency 1398:1407 the high transport efficiency 1379:1407 the high transport efficiency of BSA 1379:1414 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 7 19 theme particle 1131:1138 arg1 diameter 1140:1147 an average particle diameter 1120:1147 an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1120:1167 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 9 20 theme bioadhesive 1674:1684 arg1 tablets 1686:1692 conventional bioadhesive tablets 1661:1692 conventional bioadhesive tablets 1661:1692 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 1 21 theme intestinal 257:266 arg1 epithelium 268:277 the intestinal epithelium 253:277 the intestinal epithelium 253:277 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 4 22 theme drugs 763:767 arg1 transport 731:739 effective transport 721:739 effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium 721:800 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 1 23 theme rate-limited 286:297 arg1 permeability 233:244 the low permeability 225:244 the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium 225:277 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 1 23 theme rate-limited 286:297 arg1 step 299:302 the rate-limited step 282:302 the rate-limited step for their oral absorption 282:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 5 24 theme chitosan 861:868 arg1 CS-NPs 885:890 CS-NPs 885:890 CS-NPs 885:890 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 5 24 theme chitosan 861:868 arg1 nanoparticles 870:882 chitosan nanoparticles 861:882 chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) 861:947 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 7 25 contain had 1116:1118 arg1 nano-reservoir 1081:1094 nano-reservoir 1081:1094 nano-reservoir 1081:1094 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 7 25 contain had 1116:1118 arg1 CS-NPs 1108:1113 BSA-loaded CS-NPs 1097:1113 BSA-loaded CS-NPs 1097:1113 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 7 25 contain had 1116:1118 arg2 diameter 1140:1147 an average particle diameter 1120:1147 an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1120:1167 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 7 25 contain had 1116:1118 arg2 value 1188:1192 zeta-potential value 1173:1192 zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV 1173:1211 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 3 26 theme delivery 464:471 arg1 devices 473:479 bioadhesive delivery devices 452:479 bioadhesive delivery devices 452:479 On the other hand, bioadhesive delivery devices could prolong the gastrointestinal residence time. 28116599 2 27 theme epithelial 415:424 arg1 cells 426:430 epithelial cells 415:430 epithelial cells 415:430 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles have been found to open the tight junctions between epithelial cells. 28116599 0 28 theme Nano-reservoir 0:13 arg1 Tablets 27:33 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets 0:33 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets 0:33 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets Enhance Protein Drug Permeability Across the Small Intestine. 28116599 9 29 theme nano-reservoir 1457:1470 arg1 tablets 1484:1490 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 1451:1490 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets 1451:1565 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 1 30 theme therapeutic 102:112 arg1 proteins 114:121 Most therapeutic proteins 97:121 Most therapeutic proteins 97:121 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 1 30 theme therapeutic 102:112 arg1 drugs 151:155 class III drugs 141:155 class III drugs 141:155 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 4 31 theme nano-reservoir 575:588 arg1 tablets 602:608 a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 567:608 a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium 567:800 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 1 32 theme oral 314:317 arg1 absorption 319:328 their oral absorption 308:328 their oral absorption 308:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 3 33 theme other 440:444 arg1 hand 446:449 the other hand 436:449 the other hand 436:449 On the other hand, bioadhesive delivery devices could prolong the gastrointestinal residence time. 28116599 0 34 theme Protein 43:49 arg1 Permeability 56:67 Protein Drug Permeability 43:67 Protein Drug Permeability 43:67 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets Enhance Protein Drug Permeability Across the Small Intestine. 28116599 3 35 theme residence 516:524 arg1 time 526:529 the gastrointestinal residence time 495:529 the gastrointestinal residence time 495:529 On the other hand, bioadhesive delivery devices could prolong the gastrointestinal residence time. 28116599 9 36 theme nanoparticles 1529:1541 arg1 advantages 1506:1515 the advantages 1502:1515 the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets 1502:1565 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 4 37 theme cationic 643:650 arg1 nanoparticles 652:664 cationic nanoparticles 643:664 cationic nanoparticles 643:664 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 1 38 theme Classification 192:205 arg1 System 207:212 the Biopharmaceutical Classification System 170:212 the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption 170:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 9 39 theme bioadhesive 1547:1557 arg1 tablets 1559:1565 bioadhesive tablets 1547:1565 bioadhesive tablets 1547:1565 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 10 40 theme nano-reservoir 1722:1735 arg1 tablets 1749:1755 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 1716:1755 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 1716:1755 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 5 41 dep protein 909:915 arg1 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 5 41 dep protein 909:915 arg1 albumin 935:941 drug bovine serum albumin 917:941 a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) 901:947 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 10 42 theme potential 1774:1782 arg1 design 1796:1801 a great potential dosage form design 1766:1801 a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs 1766:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 9 43 theme BSA 1590:1592 arg1 transport 1594:1602 BSA transport 1590:1602 BSA transport 1590:1602 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 6 44 theme bioadhesive 965:975 arg1 tablets 977:983 bioadhesive tablets 965:983 bioadhesive tablets 965:983 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 9 45 theme small 1619:1623 arg1 intestine 1625:1633 rabbit small intestine 1612:1633 rabbit small intestine 1612:1633 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 1 46 theme Biopharmaceutical 174:190 arg1 System 207:212 the Biopharmaceutical Classification System 170:212 the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption 170:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 8 47 theme tight 1288:1292 arg1 damage 1303:1308 the tight junction damage 1284:1308 the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs 1284:1355 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 4 48 theme effective 721:729 arg1 transport 731:739 effective transport 721:739 effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium 721:800 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 7 49 theme zeta-potential 1173:1186 arg1 value 1188:1192 zeta-potential value 1173:1192 zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV 1173:1211 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 1 50 theme System 207:212 arg1 means 214:218 the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means 170:218 the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption 170:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 6 51 theme surface 1056:1062 arg1 methodology 1064:1074 response surface methodology 1047:1074 response surface methodology 1047:1074 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 10 52 theme form 1791:1794 arg1 design 1796:1801 a great potential dosage form design 1766:1801 a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs 1766:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 7 53 theme 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1152:1167 arg1 value 1188:1192 zeta-potential value 1173:1192 zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV 1173:1211 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 7 53 theme 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1152:1167 arg1 diameter 1140:1147 an average particle diameter 1120:1147 an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1120:1167 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 2 54 theme Cationic 331:338 arg1 nanoparticles 349:361 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles 331:361 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles 331:361 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles have been found to open the tight junctions between epithelial cells. 28116599 5 55 theme drug 917:920 arg1 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 5 55 theme drug 917:920 arg1 albumin 935:941 drug bovine serum albumin 917:941 a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) 901:947 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 4 56 theme delivery 682:689 arg1 devices 691:697 bioadhesive delivery devices 670:697 bioadhesive delivery devices 670:697 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 5 57 theme serum 929:933 arg1 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 BSA 944:946 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 5 57 theme serum 929:933 arg1 albumin 935:941 drug bovine serum albumin 917:941 a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) 901:947 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 8 58 theme cell 1324:1327 arg1 monolayer 1329:1337 the Caco-2 cell monolayer 1313:1337 the Caco-2 cell monolayer 1313:1337 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 6 59 theme composite 1026:1034 arg1 design 1036:1041 rotatable central composite design 1008:1041 rotatable central composite design 1008:1041 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 8 60 theme transport 1388:1396 arg1 efficiency 1398:1407 the high transport efficiency 1379:1407 the high transport efficiency of BSA 1379:1414 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 10 61 theme oral 1811:1814 arg1 delivery 1816:1823 the oral delivery 1807:1823 the oral delivery of protein drugs 1807:1840 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 7 62 theme average 1123:1129 arg1 diameter 1140:1147 an average particle diameter 1120:1147 an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm 1120:1167 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 9 63 theme conventional 1661:1672 arg1 tablets 1686:1692 conventional bioadhesive tablets 1661:1692 conventional bioadhesive tablets 1661:1692 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 6 64 theme rotatable 1008:1016 arg1 design 1036:1041 rotatable central composite design 1008:1041 rotatable central composite design 1008:1041 The formula of bioadhesive tablets was optimized by using rotatable central composite design and response surface methodology. 28116599 4 65 theme intestinal 780:789 arg1 epithelium 791:800 the intestinal epithelium 776:800 the intestinal epithelium 776:800 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 7 66 theme BSA-loaded 1097:1106 arg1 nano-reservoir 1081:1094 nano-reservoir 1081:1094 nano-reservoir 1081:1094 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 7 66 theme BSA-loaded 1097:1106 arg1 CS-NPs 1108:1113 BSA-loaded CS-NPs 1097:1113 BSA-loaded CS-NPs 1097:1113 The nano-reservoir, BSA-loaded CS-NPs, had an average particle diameter of 312.5 ± 12.89 nm and zeta-potential value of 26.76 ± 3.56 mV. 28116599 1 67 theme class 141:145 arg1 proteins 114:121 Most therapeutic proteins 97:121 Most therapeutic proteins 97:121 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 1 67 theme class 141:145 arg1 drugs 151:155 class III drugs 141:155 class III drugs 141:155 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 0 68 theme Small 80:84 arg1 Intestine 86:94 the Small Intestine 76:94 the Small Intestine 76:94 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets Enhance Protein Drug Permeability Across the Small Intestine. 28116599 4 69 theme devices 691:697 arg1 advantages 629:638 the advantages 625:638 the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices 625:697 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 4 70 theme present 539:545 arg1 study 547:551 the present study 535:551 the present study 535:551 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 4 71 theme protein 755:761 arg1 drugs 763:767 sufficient protein drugs 744:767 sufficient protein drugs 744:767 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 9 72 theme Permeability 1417:1428 arg1 study 1430:1434 Permeability study 1417:1434 Permeability study 1417:1434 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 5 73 theme bioadhesive 825:835 arg1 tablets 837:843 bioadhesive tablets 825:843 bioadhesive tablets 825:843 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 0 74 theme Bioadhesive 15:25 arg1 Tablets 27:33 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets 0:33 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets 0:33 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets Enhance Protein Drug Permeability Across the Small Intestine. 28116599 1 75 theme Most 97:100 arg1 proteins 114:121 Most therapeutic proteins 97:121 Most therapeutic proteins 97:121 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 1 75 theme Most 97:100 arg1 drugs 151:155 class III drugs 141:155 class III drugs 141:155 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 4 76 theme bioadhesive 590:600 arg1 tablets 602:608 a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 567:608 a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium 567:800 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 3 77 theme bioadhesive 452:462 arg1 devices 473:479 bioadhesive delivery devices 452:479 bioadhesive delivery devices 452:479 On the other hand, bioadhesive delivery devices could prolong the gastrointestinal residence time. 28116599 5 78 theme model 903:907 arg1 protein 909:915 a model protein 901:915 a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA) 901:947 The nano-reservoir in bioadhesive tablets was composed of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading a model protein drug bovine serum albumin (BSA). 28116599 9 79 theme bioadhesive 1472:1482 arg1 tablets 1484:1490 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 1451:1490 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets 1451:1565 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 3 80 theme gastrointestinal 499:514 arg1 time 526:529 the gastrointestinal residence time 495:529 the gastrointestinal residence time 495:529 On the other hand, bioadhesive delivery devices could prolong the gastrointestinal residence time. 28116599 0 81 theme Drug 51:54 arg1 Permeability 56:67 Protein Drug Permeability 43:67 Protein Drug Permeability 43:67 Nano-reservoir Bioadhesive Tablets Enhance Protein Drug Permeability Across the Small Intestine. 28116599 1 82 theme low 229:231 arg1 step 299:302 the rate-limited step 282:302 the rate-limited step for their oral absorption 282:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 1 82 theme low 229:231 arg1 permeability 233:244 the low permeability 225:244 the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium 225:277 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 9 83 with comparison 1638:1647 arg1 tablets 1686:1692 conventional bioadhesive tablets 1661:1692 conventional bioadhesive tablets 1661:1692 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 9 83 with comparison 1638:1647 arg1 CS-NPs 1697:1702 CS-NPs 1697:1702 CS-NPs 1697:1702 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 1 84 dep means 214:218 arg1 permeability 233:244 the low permeability 225:244 the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium 225:277 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 1 84 dep means 214:218 arg1 step 299:302 the rate-limited step 282:302 the rate-limited step for their oral absorption 282:328 Most therapeutic proteins are classified as class III drugs according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System means that the low permeability across the intestinal epithelium is the rate-limited step for their oral absorption. 28116599 8 85 theme Carboxymethyl 1214:1226 arg1 chitosan 1228:1235 Carboxymethyl chitosan 1214:1235 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula 1214:1256 Carboxymethyl chitosan added to the formula significantly ameliorated the tight junction damage of the Caco-2 cell monolayer induced by CS-NPs, meanwhile maintained the high transport efficiency of BSA. 28116599 4 86 theme novel 569:573 arg1 tablets 602:608 a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 567:608 a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium 567:800 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 9 87 theme cationic 1520:1527 arg1 nanoparticles 1529:1541 cationic nanoparticles 1520:1541 cationic nanoparticles 1520:1541 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 28116599 4 88 theme nanoparticles 652:664 arg1 advantages 629:638 the advantages 625:638 the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices 625:697 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 4 89 theme bioadhesive 670:680 arg1 devices 691:697 bioadhesive delivery devices 670:697 bioadhesive delivery devices 670:697 In the present study, we developed a novel nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets that combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive delivery devices anticipated achieving effective transport of sufficient protein drugs across the intestinal epithelium. 28116599 10 90 theme bioadhesive 1737:1747 arg1 tablets 1749:1755 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 1716:1755 these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets 1716:1755 Therefore, these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets provided a great potential dosage form design for the oral delivery of protein drugs. 28116599 2 91 theme tight 391:395 arg1 junctions 397:405 the tight junctions 387:405 the tight junctions between epithelial cells 387:430 Cationic chitosan nanoparticles have been found to open the tight junctions between epithelial cells. 28116599 9 92 theme tablets 1559:1565 arg1 advantages 1506:1515 the advantages 1502:1515 the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets 1502:1565 Permeability study exhibited that these nano-reservoir bioadhesive tablets combining the advantages of cationic nanoparticles and bioadhesive tablets significantly enhanced BSA transport through rabbit small intestine in comparison with either conventional bioadhesive tablets or CS-NPs. 26572327 1 0 theme materials 180:188 arg1 synthesis 155:163 the synthesis 151:163 the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 151:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 3 1 theme infrared 726:733 arg1 techniques 772:781 Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 708:781 transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 633:781 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 2 2 theme constant 550:557 arg1 tension 559:565 a constant tension 548:565 a constant tension of 15kV 548:573 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 3 3 theme synthesized 580:590 arg1 materials 592:600 The synthesized materials 576:600 The synthesized materials 576:600 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 4 4 theme CMC 937:939 arg1 electrospinning 918:932 the electrospinning 914:932 the electrospinning of CMC 914:939 Experimental evidence suggests that the diameter of the nanofibers is thinner than any other reported in the literature regarding the electrospinning of CMC. 26572327 5 5 with interactions 973:984 arg1 groups 1020:1025 carboxyl functional groups 1000:1025 carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA 1000:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 5 with interactions 973:984 arg1 CMC 1034:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 2 6 theme CMC-AgNPs 420:428 arg1 composite 430:438 CMC-AgNPs composite 420:438 CMC-AgNPs composite 420:438 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 2 7 theme different 472:480 arg1 ratios 497:502 different CMC/PVA weight ratios 472:502 different CMC/PVA weight ratios 472:502 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 3 8 theme Raman 752:756 arg1 techniques 772:781 Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 708:781 transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 633:781 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 5 9 theme CMC 1034:1036 arg1 groups 1020:1025 carboxyl functional groups 1000:1025 carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA 1000:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 9 theme CMC 1034:1036 arg1 CMC 1034:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 0 10 theme nanofibrous 28:38 arg1 materials 40:48 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials 0:48 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials 0:48 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials synthesized from green chemistry approach. 26572327 3 11 theme spectroscopic 758:770 arg1 techniques 772:781 Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 708:781 transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 633:781 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 5 12 theme AgNPs 989:993 arg1 interactions 973:984 the interactions 969:984 the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA 969:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 2 13 theme solutions 407:415 arg1 blends 389:394 blends 389:394 blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA 389:446 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 0 14 theme Silver/polysaccharide-based 0:26 arg1 materials 40:48 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials 0:48 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials 0:48 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials synthesized from green chemistry approach. 26572327 5 15 theme PVA 1099:1101 arg1 PVA 1099:1101 PVA 1099:1101 PVA 1099:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 15 theme PVA 1099:1101 arg1 groups 1089:1094 the later and acetyl groups 1068:1094 groups 1089:1094 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 1 16 theme novel 116:120 arg1 approach 138:145 a novel green chemistry approach 114:145 a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 114:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 2 17 theme aqueous 399:405 arg1 solutions 407:415 aqueous solutions 399:415 aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA 399:446 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 4 18 theme Experimental 784:795 arg1 evidence 797:804 Experimental evidence 784:804 Experimental evidence 784:804 Experimental evidence suggests that the diameter of the nanofibers is thinner than any other reported in the literature regarding the electrospinning of CMC. 26572327 1 19 theme green 122:126 arg1 approach 138:145 a novel green chemistry approach 114:145 a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 114:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 2 20 theme nanofibrous 325:335 arg1 materials 337:345 These nanofibrous materials 319:345 These nanofibrous materials 319:345 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 2 21 theme 15kV 570:573 arg1 tension 559:565 a constant tension 548:565 a constant tension of 15kV 548:573 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 1 22 theme chemistry 128:136 arg1 approach 138:145 a novel green chemistry approach 114:145 a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 114:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 2 23 theme PVA 444:446 arg1 solutions 407:415 aqueous solutions 399:415 aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA 399:446 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 0 24 theme green 67:71 arg1 approach 83:90 green chemistry approach 67:90 green chemistry approach 67:90 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials synthesized from green chemistry approach. 26572327 3 25 dep microscopy 655:664 arg1 means 624:628 means 624:628 means 624:628 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 2 26 theme weight 490:495 arg1 ratios 497:502 different CMC/PVA weight ratios 472:502 different CMC/PVA weight ratios 472:502 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 1 27 dep nanoparticles 246:258 arg1 PVA 301:303 PVA 301:303 PVA 301:303 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 27 dep nanoparticles 246:258 arg1 polyvinyl-alcohol 282:298 polyvinyl-alcohol 282:298 polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 282:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 27 dep nanoparticles 246:258 arg1 nanoparticles 246:258 carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles 209:258 carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 209:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 27 dep nanoparticles 246:258 arg1 composite 268:276 composite 268:276 composite 268:276 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 28 theme -silver 238:244 arg1 AgNPs 261:265 AgNPs 261:265 AgNPs 261:265 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 28 theme -silver 238:244 arg1 nanoparticles 246:258 carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles 209:258 carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 209:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 28 theme -silver 238:244 arg1 polyvinyl-alcohol 282:298 polyvinyl-alcohol 282:298 polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 282:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 1 28 theme -silver 238:244 arg1 composite 268:276 composite 268:276 composite 268:276 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 2 29 theme CMC/PVA 482:488 arg1 ratios 497:502 different CMC/PVA weight ratios 472:502 different CMC/PVA weight ratios 472:502 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 3 30 theme electron 676:683 arg1 microscopy 685:694 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 3 30 theme electron 676:683 arg1 microscopy 655:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 5 31 theme later 1072:1076 arg1 PVA 1099:1101 PVA 1099:1101 PVA 1099:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 31 theme later 1072:1076 arg1 groups 1089:1094 the later and acetyl groups 1068:1094 groups 1089:1094 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 0 32 theme chemistry 73:81 arg1 approach 83:90 green chemistry approach 67:90 green chemistry approach 67:90 Silver/polysaccharide-based nanofibrous materials synthesized from green chemistry approach. 26572327 5 33 theme acetyl 1082:1087 arg1 PVA 1099:1101 PVA 1099:1101 PVA 1099:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 33 theme acetyl 1082:1087 arg1 groups 1089:1094 the later and acetyl groups 1068:1094 groups 1089:1094 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 3 34 theme scanning 667:674 arg1 microscopy 685:694 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 3 34 theme scanning 667:674 arg1 microscopy 655:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 2 35 dep electrospin 516:526 arg1 to 513:514 to 513:514 to 513:514 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 3 36 theme Fourier-transform 708:724 arg1 techniques 772:781 Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 708:781 transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 633:781 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 5 37 theme carboxyl 1000:1007 arg1 groups 1020:1025 carboxyl functional groups 1000:1025 carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA 1000:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 37 theme carboxyl 1000:1007 arg1 CMC 1034:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 1 38 theme nanoparticles 246:258 arg1 blends 199:204 blends 199:204 blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 199:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26572327 4 39 theme nanofibers 840:849 arg1 thinner 854:860 thinner 854:860 thinner 854:860 Experimental evidence suggests that the diameter of the nanofibers is thinner than any other reported in the literature regarding the electrospinning of CMC. 26572327 4 39 theme nanofibers 840:849 arg1 diameter 824:831 the diameter 820:831 the diameter of the nanofibers 820:849 Experimental evidence suggests that the diameter of the nanofibers is thinner than any other reported in the literature regarding the electrospinning of CMC. 26572327 2 40 theme blends 389:394 arg1 electrospinning 370:384 the electrospinning 366:384 the electrospinning 366:384 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 2 41 theme composite 430:438 arg1 solutions 407:415 aqueous solutions 399:415 aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA 399:446 These nanofibrous materials were obtained from the electrospinning of blends of aqueous solutions of CMC-AgNPs composite and PVA, which were prepared at different CMC/PVA weight ratios in order to electrospin nanofibers applying a constant tension of 15kV. 26572327 3 42 theme transmission 633:644 arg1 microscopy 685:694 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 3 42 theme transmission 633:644 arg1 microscopy 655:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 5 43 theme functional 1009:1018 arg1 groups 1020:1025 carboxyl functional groups 1000:1025 carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA 1000:1101 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 5 43 theme functional 1009:1018 arg1 CMC 1034:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 the CMC 1030:1036 This feature is related to the interactions of AgNPs with carboxyl functional groups of the CMC, which diminish those between the later and acetyl groups of PVA. 26572327 3 44 theme ultraviolet 736:746 arg1 techniques 772:781 Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 708:781 transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques 633:781 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 3 45 theme electron 646:653 arg1 microscopy 685:694 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 scanning electron microscopy; 667:695 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 3 45 theme electron 646:653 arg1 microscopy 655:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 transmission electron microscopy 633:664 The synthesized materials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy; as well as Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopic techniques. 26572327 1 46 theme nanofibrous 168:178 arg1 materials 180:188 nanofibrous materials 168:188 nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) 168:304 In this contribution a novel green chemistry approach for the synthesis of nanofibrous materials based on blends of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is proposed. 26051083 10 0 theme regular 2156:2162 arg1 intervals 2164:2172 regular intervals 2156:2172 regular intervals 2156:2172 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 2 1 theme continuous 125:134 arg1 operation 136:144 'single column continuous operation' 110:145 'single column continuous operation' 110:145 Optimized adsorbents and 'single column continuous operation'. 26051083 13 2 theme lactoferrin 2595:2605 arg1 mass 2607:2610 the average lactoferrin mass 2583:2610 the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3) 2583:2704 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 8 3 theme cooling 1745:1751 arg1 zone 1753:1756 the cooling zone 1741:1756 the cooling zone 1741:1756 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 10 4 theme TCZR 1935:1938 arg1 experiments 1940:1950 subsequent TCZR experiments 1924:1950 subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone 1924:2106 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 8 5 theme parked 1535:1540 arg1 position 1542:1549 its parked position 1531:1549 its parked position 1531:1549 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 8 6 theme zone 1753:1756 arg1 movements 1728:1736 8 or 12 consecutive movements 1708:1736 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s 1708:1784 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 10 7 theme exiting 2185:2191 arg1 flow 2193:2196 the exiting flow 2181:2196 the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks 2181:2227 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 11 8 theme state 2315:2319 arg1 acquisition 2293:2303 acquisition 2293:2303 acquisition of steady state 2293:2319 Halving the lactoferrin feed concentration to 0.5mg/mL, slowed acquisition of steady state, but increased the average peak concentration factor from 7.9 to 9.2. 26051083 8 9 theme binding 1614:1620 arg1 temperature 1622:1632 a binding temperature 1612:1632 a binding temperature of 35°C 1612:1640 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 3 10 theme stationary 270:279 arg1 phase 281:285 thermoresponsive stationary phase 253:285 thermoresponsive stationary phase 253:285 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 7 11 theme binding 1369:1375 arg1 capacity 1377:1384 lactoferrin binding capacity 1357:1384 lactoferrin binding capacity 1357:1384 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 10 12 theme thermoCEX 1967:1975 arg1 columns 1982:1988 thermoCEX 'B2' columns 1967:1988 thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone 1967:2106 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 13 13 theme elution 2755:2761 arg1 peaks 2763:2767 elution peaks 2755:2767 elution peaks 2755:2767 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 8 14 theme at 1775:1776 arg1 0.1mm/s 1778:1784 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 12 15 from albumin 2469:2475 arg1 separation 2425:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation 2400:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin 2400:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 3 16 theme zone 312:315 arg1 TCZR 326:329 TCZR 326:329 TCZR 326:329 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 3 16 theme zone 312:315 arg1 reactor 317:323 a travelling cooling zone reactor 291:323 a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR) 291:330 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 5 17 theme matrix 762:767 arg1 hydrophobicity 769:782 base matrix hydrophobicity 757:782 base matrix hydrophobicity 757:782 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 6 18 theme networks 1006:1013 arg1 ability 972:978 the ability 968:978 the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states 968:1061 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 3 19 theme travelling 293:302 arg1 TCZR 326:329 TCZR 326:329 TCZR 326:329 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 3 19 theme travelling 293:302 arg1 reactor 317:323 a travelling cooling zone reactor 291:323 a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR) 291:330 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 13 20 dep factor 2639:2644 arg1 both 2646:2649 both 2646:2649 both 2646:2649 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 2 21 theme single 111:116 arg1 operation 136:144 'single column continuous operation' 110:145 'single column continuous operation' 110:145 Optimized adsorbents and 'single column continuous operation'. 26051083 6 22 theme tethered 987:994 arg1 networks 1006:1013 the tethered copolymer networks 983:1013 the tethered copolymer networks 983:1013 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 14 23 theme thermoCEX 2816:2824 arg1 matrix 2826:2831 the thermoCEX matrix 2812:2831 the thermoCEX matrix 2812:2831 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 8 24 dep saturated 1582:1590 arg1 washed 1643:1648 washed 1643:1648 washed 1643:1648 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 11 25 dep 9.2 2386:2388 arg1 to 2383:2384 to 2383:2384 to 2383:2384 Halving the lactoferrin feed concentration to 0.5mg/mL, slowed acquisition of steady state, but increased the average peak concentration factor from 7.9 to 9.2. 26051083 4 26 theme thermoresponsive 444:459 arg1 units 561:565 thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 444:565 thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 444:565 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 9 27 from reduction 1789:1797 arg1 diameter 1811:1818 particle diameter 1802:1818 particle diameter (A2→B2) 1802:1826 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 9 27 from reduction 1789:1797 arg1 A2→B2 1821:1825 A2→B2 1821:1825 A2→B2 1821:1825 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 8 28 from zone 1523:1526 arg1 position 1542:1549 its parked position 1531:1549 its parked position 1531:1549 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 12 29 theme bovine 2456:2461 arg1 albumin 2469:2475 bovine serum albumin 2456:2475 bovine serum albumin 2456:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 7 30 theme thermoresponsiveness 1237:1256 arg1 combination 1222:1232 the best combination 1213:1232 the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) 1213:1460 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 14 31 theme matrix 2826:2831 arg1 Fouling 2801:2807 Fouling 2801:2807 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin 2801:2881 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 10 32 theme serum 2047:2051 arg1 albumin 2053:2059 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' 2027:2060 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' 2027:2060 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 13 33 theme lactoferrin 2711:2721 arg1 loss 2723:2726 lactoferrin loss 2711:2726 lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks 2711:2767 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 14 34 theme serum 2869:2873 arg1 albumin 2875:2881 serum albumin 2869:2881 serum albumin 2869:2881 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 6 35 theme collapsed 1046:1054 arg1 states 1056:1061 extended and collapsed states 1033:1061 extended and collapsed states 1033:1061 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 11 36 theme peak 2348:2351 arg1 concentration 2353:2365 the average peak concentration factor 2336:2372 the average peak concentration factor 2336:2372 Halving the lactoferrin feed concentration to 0.5mg/mL, slowed acquisition of steady state, but increased the average peak concentration factor from 7.9 to 9.2. 26051083 3 37 theme chromatography 198:211 arg1 system 213:218 a new temperature-controlled chromatography system 169:218 a new temperature-controlled chromatography system 169:218 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 9 38 contain had 1896:1898 arg2 effect 1913:1918 the opposite effect 1900:1918 the opposite effect 1900:1918 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 9 38 contain had 1896:1898 arg1 B2→C1 1889:1893 B2→C1 1889:1893 B2→C1 1889:1893 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 9 38 contain had 1896:1898 arg1 one 1867:1869 one 1867:1869 one 1867:1869 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 6 39 theme extended 1033:1040 arg1 states 1056:1061 extended and collapsed states 1033:1061 extended and collapsed states 1033:1061 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 3 40 theme new 171:173 arg1 system 213:218 a new temperature-controlled chromatography system 169:218 a new temperature-controlled chromatography system 169:218 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 0 41 theme protein 50:56 arg1 chromatography 65:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 Integrated system for temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography. 26051083 8 42 theme consecutive 1716:1726 arg1 movements 1728:1736 8 or 12 consecutive movements 1708:1736 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s 1708:1784 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 12 43 theme lactoferrin 2439:2449 arg1 separation 2425:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation 2400:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin 2400:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 4 44 dep charged 538:544 arg1 acid 555:558 acrylic acid 547:558 acrylic acid 547:558 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 7 45 theme Prep 1128:1131 arg1 B2 1140:1141 B2 1140:1141 B2 1140:1141 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 45 theme Prep 1128:1131 arg1 Grade 1133:1137 Superose 6 Prep Grade 1117:1137 Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) 1117:1142 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 45 theme Prep 1128:1131 arg1 CL-6B 1105:1109 Sepharose CL-6B 1095:1109 Sepharose CL-6B (A2) 1095:1114 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 6 46 dep ability 972:978 arg1 switch 1018:1023 switch 1018:1023 to switch between extended and collapsed states 1015:1061 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 9 47 theme opposite 1904:1911 arg1 effect 1913:1918 the opposite effect 1900:1918 the opposite effect 1900:1918 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 3 48 dep Continued 148:156 arg1 advance 158:164 advance 158:164 advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), 158:331 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 13 49 from loss 2723:2726 arg1 flowthrough 2735:2745 the flowthrough 2731:2745 the flowthrough between elution peaks 2731:2767 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 4 50 theme agarose 606:612 arg1 media 614:618 three cross-linked agarose media 587:618 three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions 587:665 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 0 51 theme fast 45:48 arg1 chromatography 65:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 Integrated system for temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography. 26051083 4 52 theme units 561:565 arg1 balances 432:439 different balances 422:439 different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 422:565 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 0 53 theme liquid 58:63 arg1 chromatography 65:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 Integrated system for temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography. 26051083 6 54 theme charge 894:899 arg1 function 882:889 a function 880:889 a function of charge introduced 880:910 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 4 55 theme cation 387:392 arg1 thermoCEX 406:414 thermoCEX 406:414 thermoCEX 406:414 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 4 55 theme cation 387:392 arg1 exchangers 394:403 thermoresponsive cation exchangers 370:403 thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) 370:415 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 10 56 theme subsequent 1924:1933 arg1 experiments 1940:1950 subsequent TCZR experiments 1924:1950 subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone 1924:2106 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 14 57 theme observed 2930:2937 arg1 drops 2939:2943 the observed drops 2926:2943 the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery 2926:2979 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 6 58 theme binding 794:800 arg1 tests 802:806 batch binding tests 788:806 batch binding tests with lactoferrin 788:823 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 8 59 theme thermoCEX 1552:1560 arg1 columns 1569:1575 thermoCEX filled columns 1552:1575 thermoCEX filled columns 1552:1575 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 5 60 theme copolymer 698:706 arg1 composition 708:718 grafted copolymer composition 690:718 grafted copolymer composition 690:718 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 13 61 theme average 2587:2593 arg1 mass 2607:2610 the average lactoferrin mass 2583:2610 the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3) 2583:2704 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 4 62 link cross-linked 593:604 arg1 media 614:618 three cross-linked agarose media 587:618 three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions 587:665 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 3 63 theme thermoresponsive 253:268 arg1 phase 281:285 thermoresponsive stationary phase 253:285 thermoresponsive stationary phase 253:285 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 4 64 theme different 422:430 arg1 balances 432:439 different balances 422:439 different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 422:565 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 12 65 theme continuous 2400:2409 arg1 separation 2425:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation 2400:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin 2400:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 2 66 theme column 118:123 arg1 operation 136:144 'single column continuous operation' 110:145 'single column continuous operation' 110:145 Optimized adsorbents and 'single column continuous operation'. 26051083 14 67 theme lactoferrin 2948:2958 arg1 binding 2960:2966 lactoferrin binding 2948:2966 lactoferrin binding 2948:2966 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 4 68 dep hydrophobic 486:496 arg1 N-tert-butylacrylamide 499:520 N-tert-butylacrylamide 499:520 N-tert-butylacrylamide 499:520 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 6 69 theme temperature 952:962 arg1 independent 937:947 independent 937:947 independent 937:947 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 13 70 from mass 2607:2610 arg1 flowthrough 2735:2745 the flowthrough 2731:2745 the flowthrough between elution peaks 2731:2767 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 4 71 theme particle 633:640 arg1 size 642:645 particle size 633:645 particle size 633:645 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 6 72 with tests 802:806 arg1 lactoferrin 813:823 lactoferrin 813:823 lactoferrin 813:823 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 5 73 theme Marked 668:673 arg1 differences 675:685 Marked differences 668:685 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports 668:739 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 13 74 theme steady 2569:2574 arg1 state 2576:2580 steady state 2569:2580 steady state 2569:2580 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 13 75 dep 6.3 2701:2703 arg1 to 2698:2699 to 2698:2699 to 2698:2699 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 7 76 theme Superose 1117:1124 arg1 B2 1140:1141 B2 1140:1141 B2 1140:1141 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 76 theme Superose 1117:1124 arg1 Grade 1133:1137 Superose 6 Prep Grade 1117:1137 Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) 1117:1142 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 76 theme Superose 1117:1124 arg1 CL-6B 1105:1109 Sepharose CL-6B 1095:1109 Sepharose CL-6B (A2) 1095:1114 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 5 77 theme grafted 690:696 arg1 composition 708:718 grafted copolymer composition 690:718 grafted copolymer composition 690:718 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 7 78 theme capacity 1377:1384 arg1 A2 1320:1321 'A2', 1319:1323 A2 1320:1321 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 9 79 theme particle 1802:1809 arg1 diameter 1811:1818 particle diameter 1802:1818 particle diameter (A2→B2) 1802:1826 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 9 79 theme particle 1802:1809 arg1 A2→B2 1821:1825 A2→B2 1821:1825 A2→B2 1821:1825 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 5 80 theme base 757:760 arg1 hydrophobicity 769:782 base matrix hydrophobicity 757:782 base matrix hydrophobicity 757:782 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 6 81 theme binding 834:840 arg1 qmax 852:855 qmax 852:855 qmax 852:855 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 6 81 theme binding 834:840 arg1 capacity 842:849 maximum binding capacity 826:849 maximum binding capacity (qmax) 826:856 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 9 82 theme pore 1874:1877 arg1 diameter 1879:1886 pore diameter 1874:1886 pore diameter 1874:1886 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 11 83 dep concentration 2353:2365 arg1 factor 2367:2372 factor 2367:2372 the average peak concentration factor 2336:2372 Halving the lactoferrin feed concentration to 0.5mg/mL, slowed acquisition of steady state, but increased the average peak concentration factor from 7.9 to 9.2. 26051083 10 84 theme sharp 2201:2205 arg1 peaks 2223:2227 sharp uniformly sized peaks 2201:2227 sharp uniformly sized peaks 2201:2227 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 4 85 theme hydrophobic 486:496 arg1 units 561:565 thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 444:565 thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 444:565 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 7 86 theme lactoferrin 1357:1367 arg1 capacity 1377:1384 lactoferrin binding capacity 1357:1384 lactoferrin binding capacity 1357:1384 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 13 87 dep 21.4mg 2683:2688 arg1 to 2680:2681 to 2680:2681 to 2680:2681 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 8 88 theme 35°C 1637:1640 arg1 temperature 1622:1632 a binding temperature 1612:1632 a binding temperature of 35°C 1612:1640 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 12 89 theme mediated 2416:2423 arg1 separation 2425:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation 2400:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin 2400:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 6 90 theme copolymer 996:1004 arg1 networks 1006:1013 the tethered copolymer networks 983:1013 the tethered copolymer networks 983:1013 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 3 91 theme cooling 304:310 arg1 TCZR 326:329 TCZR 326:329 TCZR 326:329 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 3 91 theme cooling 304:310 arg1 reactor 317:323 a travelling cooling zone reactor 291:323 a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR) 291:330 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 10 92 theme lactoferrin+bovine 2028:2045 arg1 albumin 2053:2059 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' 2027:2060 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' 2027:2060 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 7 93 theme Sepharose 1095:1103 arg1 Grade 1165:1169 Superose 12 Prep Grade 1148:1169 Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) 1148:1174 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 93 theme Sepharose 1095:1103 arg1 A2 1112:1113 A2 1112:1113 A2 1112:1113 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 93 theme Sepharose 1095:1103 arg1 CL-6B 1105:1109 Sepharose CL-6B 1095:1109 Sepharose CL-6B (A2) 1095:1114 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 93 theme Sepharose 1095:1103 arg1 Grade 1133:1137 Superose 6 Prep Grade 1117:1137 Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) 1117:1142 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 14 94 from drops 2939:2943 arg1 recovery 2972:2979 recovery 2972:2979 recovery 2972:2979 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 14 94 from drops 2939:2943 arg1 binding 2960:2966 lactoferrin binding 2948:2966 lactoferrin binding 2948:2966 Fouling of the thermoCEX matrix by lipids conveyed into the feed by serum albumin is tentatively proposed as responsible for the observed drops in lactoferrin binding and recovery. 26051083 9 95 theme lactoferrin 1837:1847 arg1 desorption 1849:1858 lactoferrin desorption 1837:1858 lactoferrin desorption 1837:1858 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 8 96 theme column 1768:1773 arg1 0.1mm/s 1778:1784 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 8 97 theme equilibration 1655:1667 arg1 buffer 1669:1674 equilibration buffer 1655:1674 equilibration buffer 1655:1674 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 7 98 theme TCZR 1485:1488 arg1 chromatography 1490:1503 TCZR chromatography 1485:1503 TCZR chromatography 1485:1503 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 10 99 theme sized 2217:2221 arg1 peaks 2223:2227 sharp uniformly sized peaks 2201:2227 sharp uniformly sized peaks 2201:2227 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 10 100 theme cooling 2095:2101 arg1 zone 2103:2106 the cooling zone 2091:2106 the cooling zone 2091:2106 In subsequent TCZR experiments conducted with thermoCEX 'B2' columns continuously fed with lactoferrin or 'lactoferrin+bovine serum albumin' whilst simultaneously moving the cooling zone, lactoferrin was intermittently concentrated at regular intervals within the exiting flow as sharp uniformly sized peaks. 26051083 13 101 dep increased 2769:2777 arg1 2.6 2785:2787 2.6 2785:2787 2.6 2785:2787 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 4 102 theme acrylic 547:553 arg1 acid 555:558 acrylic acid 547:558 acrylic acid 547:558 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 7 103 theme best 1217:1220 arg1 combination 1222:1232 the best combination 1213:1232 the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) 1213:1460 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 11 104 theme average 2340:2346 arg1 concentration 2353:2365 the average peak concentration factor 2336:2372 the average peak concentration factor 2336:2372 Halving the lactoferrin feed concentration to 0.5mg/mL, slowed acquisition of steady state, but increased the average peak concentration factor from 7.9 to 9.2. 26051083 3 105 theme temperature-controlled 175:196 arg1 system 213:218 a new temperature-controlled chromatography system 169:218 a new temperature-controlled chromatography system 169:218 Continued advance of a new temperature-controlled chromatography system, comprising a column filled with thermoresponsive stationary phase and a travelling cooling zone reactor (TCZR), is described. 26051083 7 106 theme identical 1182:1190 arg1 conditions 1192:1201 identical conditions 1182:1201 identical conditions 1182:1201 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 9 107 from one 1867:1869 arg1 diameter 1879:1886 pore diameter 1874:1886 pore diameter 1874:1886 A reduction in particle diameter (A2→B2) enhanced lactoferrin desorption, while one in pore diameter (B2→C1) had the opposite effect. 26051083 4 108 theme charged 538:544 arg1 units 561:565 thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 444:565 thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units 444:565 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 13 109 from 21.4mg 2683:2688 arg1 peak 2616:2619 peak 2616:2619 peak 2616:2619 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 13 109 from 21.4mg 2683:2688 arg1 factor 2639:2644 concentration factor both fell 2625:2654 factor 2639:2644 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 5 110 dep finished 723:730 arg1 supports 732:739 supports 732:739 supports 732:739 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 4 111 theme cross-linked 593:604 arg1 media 614:618 three cross-linked agarose media 587:618 three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions 587:665 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 12 112 theme serum 2463:2467 arg1 albumin 2469:2475 bovine serum albumin 2456:2475 bovine serum albumin 2456:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 0 113 theme temperature-controlled 22:43 arg1 chromatography 65:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography 22:78 Integrated system for temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography. 26051083 8 114 theme movements 1728:1736 arg1 first 1699:1703 first 1699:1703 first 1699:1703 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 7 115 dep combination 1222:1232 arg1 supports 1310:1317 supports 1310:1317 supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively 1310:1459 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 116 theme Prep 1160:1163 arg1 C1 1172:1173 C1 1172:1173 C1 1172:1173 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 116 theme Prep 1160:1163 arg1 Grade 1165:1169 Superose 12 Prep Grade 1148:1169 Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) 1148:1174 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 116 theme Prep 1160:1163 arg1 CL-6B 1105:1109 Sepharose CL-6B 1095:1109 Sepharose CL-6B (A2) 1095:1114 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 5 117 from differences 675:685 arg1 composition 708:718 grafted copolymer composition 690:718 grafted copolymer composition 690:718 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 5 117 from differences 675:685 arg1 finished 723:730 finished 723:730 finished 723:730 Marked differences in grafted copolymer composition on finished supports were sourced to base matrix hydrophobicity. 26051083 13 118 theme concentration 2625:2637 arg1 factor 2639:2644 concentration factor both fell 2625:2654 factor 2639:2644 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 13 119 from 6.3 2701:2703 arg1 peak 2616:2619 peak 2616:2619 peak 2616:2619 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 13 119 from 6.3 2701:2703 arg1 factor 2639:2644 concentration factor both fell 2625:2654 factor 2639:2644 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 13 120 from state 2576:2580 arg1 flowthrough 2735:2745 the flowthrough 2731:2745 the flowthrough between elution peaks 2731:2767 While the latter's presence did not affect the time to reach steady state, the average lactoferrin mass per peak and concentration factor both fell (respectively from 30.7 to 21.4mg and 7.9 to 6.3), and lactoferrin loss in the flowthrough between elution peaks increased (from 2.6 to 12.2mg). 26051083 8 121 from 0.1mm/s 1778:1784 arg1 column 1768:1773 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 8 121 from 0.1mm/s 1778:1784 arg1 at 1775:1776 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 the column at 0.1mm/s 1764:1784 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 6 122 theme maximum 826:832 arg1 qmax 852:855 qmax 852:855 qmax 852:855 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 6 122 theme maximum 826:832 arg1 capacity 842:849 maximum binding capacity 826:849 maximum binding capacity (qmax) 826:856 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 7 123 theme Superose 1148:1155 arg1 C1 1172:1173 C1 1172:1173 C1 1172:1173 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 123 theme Superose 1148:1155 arg1 Grade 1165:1169 Superose 12 Prep Grade 1148:1169 Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) 1148:1174 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 7 123 theme Superose 1148:1155 arg1 CL-6B 1105:1109 Sepharose CL-6B 1095:1109 Sepharose CL-6B (A2) 1095:1114 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 8 124 with saturated 1582:1590 arg1 lactoferrin 1597:1607 lactoferrin 1597:1607 lactoferrin 1597:1607 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 8 124 with saturated 1582:1590 arg1 zone 1523:1526 the cooling zone 1511:1526 the cooling zone in its parked position 1511:1549 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 4 125 theme thermoresponsive 370:385 arg1 thermoCEX 406:414 thermoCEX 406:414 thermoCEX 406:414 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 4 125 theme thermoresponsive 370:385 arg1 exchangers 394:403 thermoresponsive cation exchangers 370:403 thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) 370:415 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 12 126 theme TCZR 2411:2414 arg1 separation 2425:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation 2400:2434 continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin 2400:2475 Finally, continuous TCZR mediated separation of lactoferrin from bovine serum albumin was successfully demonstrated. 26051083 4 127 theme pore 651:654 arg1 dimensions 656:665 pore dimensions 651:665 pore dimensions 651:665 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26051083 11 128 theme steady 2308:2313 arg1 state 2315:2319 steady state 2308:2319 steady state 2308:2319 Halving the lactoferrin feed concentration to 0.5mg/mL, slowed acquisition of steady state, but increased the average peak concentration factor from 7.9 to 9.2. 26051083 8 129 theme filled 1562:1567 arg1 columns 1569:1575 thermoCEX filled columns 1552:1575 thermoCEX filled columns 1552:1575 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 7 130 dep supports 1310:1317 arg1 for 1306:1308 for 1306:1308 for 1306:1308 ThermoCEX formed from Sepharose CL-6B (A2), Superose 6 Prep Grade (B2) and Superose 12 Prep Grade (C1) under identical conditions displayed the best combination of thermoresponsiveness (qmax,50°C/qmax,10°C ratios of 3.3, 2.2 and 2.8 for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively) and lactoferrin binding capacity (qmax,50°C∼56, 29 and 45mg/g for supports 'A2', 'B2' and 'C1' respectively), and were selected for TCZR chromatography. 26051083 8 131 theme cooling 1515:1521 arg1 zone 1523:1526 the cooling zone 1511:1526 the cooling zone in its parked position 1511:1549 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 8 132 from temperature 1622:1632 arg1 saturated 1582:1590 saturated 1582:1590 saturated 1582:1590 With the cooling zone in its parked position, thermoCEX filled columns were saturated with lactoferrin at a binding temperature of 35°C, washed with equilibration buffer, before initiating the first of 8 or 12 consecutive movements of the cooling zone along the column at 0.1mm/s. 26051083 6 133 theme batch 788:792 arg1 tests 802:806 batch binding tests 788:806 batch binding tests with lactoferrin 788:823 In batch binding tests with lactoferrin, maximum binding capacity (qmax) increased strongly as a function of charge introduced, but became increasingly independent of temperature, as the ability of the tethered copolymer networks to switch between extended and collapsed states was lost. 26051083 4 134 dep thermoresponsive 444:459 arg1 N-isopropylacrylamide 462:482 N-isopropylacrylamide 462:482 N-isopropylacrylamide 462:482 Nine copolymer grafted thermoresponsive cation exchangers (thermoCEX) with different balances of thermoresponsive (N-isopropylacrylamide), hydrophobic (N-tert-butylacrylamide) and negatively charged (acrylic acid) units were fashioned from three cross-linked agarose media differing in particle size and pore dimensions. 26405868 0 0 from characterization 16:31 arg1 silk 60:63 silk 60:63 silk 60:63 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 4 1 theme SF 580:581 arg1 solution 583:590 SF solution 580:590 SF solution 580:590 AgNPs with a mean diameter of 4.9 nm was synthesized in SF solution in situ. 26405868 7 2 theme Anti-bacterial 798:811 arg1 results 813:819 Anti-bacterial results 798:819 Anti-bacterial results 798:819 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 9 3 theme sponge 1210:1215 arg1 rate 1198:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate 1119:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings 1119:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 9 4 theme water 1173:1177 arg1 vapor 1179:1183 water vapor 1173:1183 water vapor 1173:1183 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 1 5 theme biologic 186:193 arg1 dressings 195:203 biologic dressings 186:203 biologic dressings 186:203 The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. 26405868 0 6 theme wound 130:134 arg1 dressing 136:143 anti-bacterial wound dressing 115:143 anti-bacterial wound dressing 115:143 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 0 7 from Preparation 0:10 arg1 silk 60:63 silk 60:63 silk 60:63 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 9 8 theme vapor 1179:1183 arg1 rate 1198:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate 1119:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings 1119:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 0 9 theme anti-bacterial 115:128 arg1 dressing 136:143 anti-bacterial wound dressing 115:143 anti-bacterial wound dressing 115:143 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 9 10 theme transmission 1185:1196 arg1 rate 1198:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate 1119:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings 1119:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 2 11 theme biologic 304:311 arg1 dressings 313:321 biologic dressings 304:321 biologic dressings 304:321 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 7 12 theme suspension 863:872 arg1 assay 874:878 bacterial suspension assay 853:878 bacterial suspension assay 853:878 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 1 13 theme burn 163:166 arg1 wounds 168:173 burn wounds 163:173 burn wounds covered by biologic dressings 163:203 The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. 26405868 6 14 theme SF 787:788 arg1 sponge 790:795 the pure SF sponge 778:795 the pure SF sponge 778:795 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 6 15 theme SEM 699:701 arg1 imaging 703:709 SEM imaging 699:709 SEM imaging 699:709 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 3 16 theme SF 459:460 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 8 17 theme aeruginosa 1028:1037 arg1 activity 1039:1046 aeruginosa activity 1028:1046 aeruginosa activity 1028:1046 aeruginosa activity was higher than that of AQUACEL®; Ag. 26405868 6 18 theme pure 782:785 arg1 sponge 790:795 the pure SF sponge 778:795 the pure SF sponge 778:795 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 7 19 theme bacterial 853:861 arg1 assay 874:878 bacterial suspension assay 853:878 bacterial suspension assay 853:878 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 3 20 theme silk 445:448 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 4 21 theme nm 558:559 arg1 diameter 542:549 a mean diameter 535:549 a mean diameter of 4.9 nm 535:559 AgNPs with a mean diameter of 4.9 nm was synthesized in SF solution in situ. 26405868 7 22 theme effective 936:944 arg1 activity 961:968 effective anti-bacterial activity 936:968 effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa 936:1004 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 2 23 theme beneficial 328:337 arg1 introduction 254:265 The introduction 250:265 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings 250:321 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 2 23 theme beneficial 328:337 arg1 method 339:344 a beneficial method 326:344 a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing 326:412 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 3 24 theme fibroin 450:456 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 2 25 theme nanoparticles 277:289 arg1 introduction 254:265 The introduction 250:265 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings 250:321 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 2 25 theme nanoparticles 277:289 arg1 method 339:344 a beneficial method 326:344 a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing 326:412 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 1 26 from infection 150:158 arg1 wounds 168:173 burn wounds 163:173 burn wounds covered by biologic dressings 163:203 The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. 26405868 9 27 theme CMC 1106:1108 arg1 introduction 1090:1101 The introduction 1086:1101 The introduction of CMC 1086:1108 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 1 28 theme deepening 220:228 arg1 wounds 242:247 wound deepening and chronic wounds 214:247 wound deepening and chronic wounds 214:247 The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. 26405868 9 29 theme ability 1160:1166 arg1 rate 1198:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate 1119:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings 1119:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 3 30 theme CMC 486:488 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 0 31 theme nanoparticles 43:55 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 0 31 theme nanoparticles 43:55 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 4 32 with AgNPs 524:528 arg1 diameter 542:549 a mean diameter 535:549 a mean diameter of 4.9 nm 535:559 AgNPs with a mean diameter of 4.9 nm was synthesized in SF solution in situ. 26405868 1 33 theme chronic 234:240 arg1 wounds 242:247 wound deepening and chronic wounds 214:247 wound deepening and chronic wounds 214:247 The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. 26405868 0 34 theme silver 36:41 arg1 nanoparticles 43:55 silver nanoparticles 36:55 silver nanoparticles 36:55 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 4 35 theme mean 537:540 arg1 diameter 542:549 a mean diameter 535:549 a mean diameter of 4.9 nm 535:559 AgNPs with a mean diameter of 4.9 nm was synthesized in SF solution in situ. 26405868 3 36 theme AgNP-loaded 433:443 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 9 37 theme water 1123:1127 arg1 capacity 1140:1147 water absorption capacity 1123:1147 water absorption capacity 1123:1147 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 3 38 theme /carboxymethylchitosan 462:483 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 9 39 theme important 1232:1240 arg1 sponge 1210:1215 the sponge 1206:1215 the sponge 1206:1215 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 9 39 theme important 1232:1240 arg1 properties 1242:1251 all important properties 1228:1251 all important properties of wound dressings 1228:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 9 40 theme absorption 1129:1138 arg1 capacity 1140:1147 water absorption capacity 1123:1147 water absorption capacity 1123:1147 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 9 41 theme retention 1150:1158 arg1 ability 1160:1166 retention ability 1150:1166 retention ability 1150:1166 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 9 42 theme capacity 1140:1147 arg1 rate 1198:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate 1119:1201 the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings 1119:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 2 43 theme wound 357:361 arg1 infection 363:371 wound infection 357:371 wound infection 357:371 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 7 44 theme anti-bacterial 946:959 arg1 activity 961:968 effective anti-bacterial activity 936:968 effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa 936:1004 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 5 45 theme ethanol 680:686 arg1 annealing 688:696 ethanol annealing 680:696 ethanol annealing 680:696 While CMC was incorporated and chemically crosslinked, SF was insolubilized by ethanol annealing. 26405868 9 46 theme wound 1256:1260 arg1 dressings 1262:1270 wound dressings 1256:1270 wound dressings 1256:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 6 47 theme SF/CMC 743:748 arg1 sponge 750:755 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 727:755 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 727:755 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 6 47 theme SF/CMC 743:748 arg1 porous 766:771 porous 766:771 porous 766:771 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 3 48 theme composite 491:499 arg1 sponge 501:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge 430:506 In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. 26405868 7 49 theme AgNP-loaded 897:907 arg1 sponge 916:921 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 893:921 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 893:921 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 0 50 theme composite 95:103 arg1 sponge 105:110 composite sponge 95:110 composite sponge 95:110 Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing. 26405868 9 51 theme dressings 1262:1270 arg1 sponge 1210:1215 the sponge 1206:1215 the sponge 1206:1215 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 9 51 theme dressings 1262:1270 arg1 properties 1242:1251 all important properties 1228:1251 all important properties of wound dressings 1228:1270 The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings. 26405868 1 52 dep deepening 220:228 arg1 wound 214:218 wound 214:218 wound 214:218 The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. 26405868 6 53 theme AgNP-loaded 731:741 arg1 sponge 750:755 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 727:755 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 727:755 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 6 53 theme AgNP-loaded 731:741 arg1 porous 766:771 porous 766:771 porous 766:771 SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. 26405868 2 54 theme wound 400:404 arg1 healing 406:412 wound healing 400:412 wound healing 400:412 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 7 55 theme SF/CMC 909:914 arg1 sponge 916:921 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 893:921 the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge 893:921 Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti-P. 26405868 2 56 theme silver 270:275 arg1 nanoparticles 277:289 silver nanoparticles 270:289 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 270:297 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26405868 2 56 theme silver 270:275 arg1 AgNPs 292:296 AgNPs 292:296 AgNPs 292:296 The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. 26748046 3 0 theme hemicellulosic 640:653 arg1 galactose 680:688 galactose 680:688 galactose 680:688 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 0 theme hemicellulosic 640:653 arg1 rhamnose 705:712 rhamnose 705:712 rhamnose 705:712 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 0 theme hemicellulosic 640:653 arg1 fucose 672:677 fucose 672:677 fucose 672:677 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 0 theme hemicellulosic 640:653 arg1 monosaccharides 655:669 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 640:669 hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) 640:713 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 0 theme hemicellulosic 640:653 arg1 arabinose 691:699 arabinose 691:699 arabinose 691:699 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 2 1 theme wall 369:372 arg1 effects 353:359 effects 353:359 effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility 353:524 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 4 2 from digestibility 921:933 arg1 rapeseeds 938:946 rapeseeds 938:946 rapeseeds 938:946 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 5 3 with napus 971:975 arg1 content 995:1001 lower lignin content 982:1001 lower lignin content 982:1001 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 1 4 from species 157:163 arg1 samples 130:136 total 19 straw samples 115:136 total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species 115:163 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 2 5 theme cell 364:367 arg1 wall 369:372 cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) 364:489 wall 369:372 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 1 6 theme sulfuric 267:274 arg1 acid 276:279 sulfuric acid 267:279 sulfuric acid 267:279 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 3 7 theme positive 720:727 arg1 factors 729:735 positive factors 720:735 positive factors on lignocellulose digestions 720:764 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 2 8 theme Correlation 303:313 arg1 analysis 315:322 Correlation analysis 303:322 Correlation analysis 303:322 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 5 9 theme ethanol 1076:1082 arg1 production 1084:1093 ethanol production 1076:1093 ethanol production 1076:1093 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 4 10 theme chemical 776:783 arg1 analyses 785:792 chemical analyses 776:792 chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples 776:825 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 0 11 from digestibility 73:85 arg1 rapeseed 90:97 rapeseed 90:97 rapeseed 90:97 G-lignin and hemicellulosic monosaccharides distinctively affect biomass digestibility in rapeseed. 26748046 6 12 from strategy 1182:1189 arg1 modification 1204:1215 cell wall modification 1194:1215 cell wall modification 1194:1215 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 5 13 theme biomass 1037:1043 arg1 saccharification 1055:1070 biomass enzymatic saccharification 1037:1070 biomass enzymatic saccharification 1037:1070 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 2 14 from effects 353:359 arg1 digestibility 512:524 rapeseeds biomass digestibility 494:524 rapeseeds biomass digestibility 494:524 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 5 15 theme enzymatic 1045:1053 arg1 saccharification 1055:1070 biomass enzymatic saccharification 1037:1070 biomass enzymatic saccharification 1037:1070 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 4 16 theme samples 819:825 arg1 pairs 810:814 four typical pairs 797:814 four typical pairs of samples 797:825 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 6 17 theme first 1152:1156 arg1 time 1158:1161 first time 1152:1161 first time 1152:1161 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 3 18 theme lignocellulose 740:753 arg1 digestions 755:764 lignocellulose digestions 740:764 lignocellulose digestions 740:764 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 4 19 theme pairs 810:814 arg1 analyses 785:792 chemical analyses 776:792 chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples 776:825 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 2 20 theme features 404:411 arg1 effects 353:359 effects 353:359 effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility 353:524 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 6 21 theme rapeseed 1235:1242 arg1 breeding 1244:1251 bioenergy rapeseed breeding 1225:1251 bioenergy rapeseed breeding 1225:1251 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 3 22 theme negative 587:594 arg1 result 532:537 a result 530:537 a result 530:537 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 22 theme negative 587:594 arg1 effect 596:601 a strongly negative effect 576:601 a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification 576:629 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 2 23 theme polymer 396:402 arg1 features 404:411 wall polymer features 391:411 wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) 391:489 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 2 24 theme lignin 474:479 arg1 monomers 481:488 lignin monomers 474:488 lignin monomers 474:488 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 1 25 theme lime 284:287 arg1 pretreatment 289:300 lime pretreatment 284:300 lime pretreatment 284:300 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 4 26 theme biomass 913:919 arg1 digestibility 921:933 biomass digestibility 913:933 biomass digestibility in rapeseeds 913:946 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 6 27 theme bioenergy 1225:1233 arg1 breeding 1244:1251 bioenergy rapeseed breeding 1225:1251 bioenergy rapeseed breeding 1225:1251 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 4 28 theme typical 802:808 arg1 pairs 810:814 four typical pairs 797:814 four typical pairs of samples 797:825 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 2 29 theme wall 391:394 arg1 features 404:411 wall polymer features 391:411 wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) 391:489 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 5 30 theme Brassica 962:969 arg1 napus 971:975 Brassica napus 962:975 Brassica napus with lower lignin content 962:1001 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 1 31 theme cell 196:199 arg1 composition 206:216 a diverse cell wall composition 186:216 a diverse cell wall composition 186:216 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 1 32 theme total 115:119 arg1 samples 130:136 total 19 straw samples 115:136 total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species 115:163 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 1 33 theme wall 201:204 arg1 composition 206:216 a diverse cell wall composition 186:216 a diverse cell wall composition 186:216 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 2 34 theme biomass 504:510 arg1 digestibility 512:524 rapeseeds biomass digestibility 494:524 rapeseeds biomass digestibility 494:524 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 5 35 theme lower 982:986 arg1 content 995:1001 lower lignin content 982:1001 lower lignin content 982:1001 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 6 36 theme cell 1194:1197 arg1 modification 1204:1215 cell wall modification 1194:1215 cell wall modification 1194:1215 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 2 37 dep crystallinity 424:436 arg1 monosaccharides 454:468 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 439:468 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 439:468 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 2 37 dep crystallinity 424:436 arg1 monomers 481:488 lignin monomers 474:488 lignin monomers 474:488 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 1 38 theme diverse 188:194 arg1 composition 206:216 a diverse cell wall composition 186:216 a diverse cell wall composition 186:216 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 3 39 dep monosaccharides 655:669 arg1 galactose 680:688 galactose 680:688 galactose 680:688 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 39 dep monosaccharides 655:669 arg1 monosaccharides 655:669 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 640:669 hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) 640:713 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 39 dep monosaccharides 655:669 arg1 fucose 672:677 fucose 672:677 fucose 672:677 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 39 dep monosaccharides 655:669 arg1 rhamnose 705:712 rhamnose 705:712 rhamnose 705:712 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 39 dep monosaccharides 655:669 arg1 arabinose 691:699 arabinose 691:699 arabinose 691:699 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 2 40 theme rapeseeds 494:502 arg1 digestibility 512:524 rapeseeds biomass digestibility 494:524 rapeseeds biomass digestibility 494:524 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 2 41 theme cellulose 414:422 arg1 crystallinity 424:436 cellulose crystallinity 414:436 cellulose crystallinity 414:436 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 3 42 from factors 729:735 arg1 digestions 755:764 lignocellulose digestions 740:764 lignocellulose digestions 740:764 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 5 43 theme Brassica 1110:1117 arg1 junjea 1119:1124 Brassica junjea 1110:1124 Brassica junjea 1110:1124 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 6 44 theme genetic 1174:1180 arg1 strategy 1182:1189 a genetic strategy 1172:1189 a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding 1172:1251 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 6 45 theme wall 1199:1202 arg1 modification 1204:1215 cell wall modification 1194:1215 cell wall modification 1194:1215 Hence, this study has at first time provided a genetic strategy on cell wall modification towards bioenergy rapeseed breeding. 26748046 0 46 theme biomass 65:71 arg1 digestibility 73:85 biomass digestibility 65:85 biomass digestibility in rapeseed 65:97 G-lignin and hemicellulosic monosaccharides distinctively affect biomass digestibility in rapeseed. 26748046 3 47 theme biomass 606:612 arg1 saccharification 614:629 biomass saccharification 606:629 biomass saccharification 606:629 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 1 48 theme straw 124:128 arg1 samples 130:136 total 19 straw samples 115:136 total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species 115:163 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 2 49 dep features 404:411 arg1 crystallinity 424:436 cellulose crystallinity 414:436 cellulose crystallinity 414:436 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 5 50 theme lignin 988:993 arg1 content 995:1001 lower lignin content 982:1001 lower lignin content 982:1001 In addition, Brassica napus with lower lignin content exhibited more efficiency on both biomass enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production, compared with Brassica junjea. 26748046 2 51 dep wall 369:372 arg1 compositions 374:385 compositions 374:385 compositions 374:385 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 1 52 theme biomass 229:235 arg1 digestibility 247:259 biomass enzymatic digestibility 229:259 biomass enzymatic digestibility 229:259 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 4 53 theme hemicellulosic 842:855 arg1 monosaccharides 857:871 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 842:871 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 842:871 Notably, chemical analyses of four typical pairs of samples indicated that hemicellulosic monosaccharides and G-lignin may coordinately influence biomass digestibility in rapeseeds. 26748046 2 54 theme hemicellulosic 439:452 arg1 monosaccharides 454:468 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 439:468 hemicellulosic monosaccharides 439:468 Correlation analysis was then performed to detect effects of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features (cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulosic monosaccharides and lignin monomers) on rapeseeds biomass digestibility. 26748046 3 55 theme coniferyl 540:548 arg1 G-lignin 559:566 G-lignin 559:566 G-lignin 559:566 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 55 theme coniferyl 540:548 arg1 alcohol 550:556 coniferyl alcohol 540:556 coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) 540:567 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 3 56 from effect 596:601 arg1 saccharification 614:629 biomass saccharification 606:629 biomass saccharification 606:629 As a result, coniferyl alcohol (G-lignin) showed a strongly negative effect on biomass saccharification, whereas hemicellulosic monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) were positive factors on lignocellulose digestions. 26748046 1 57 theme enzymatic 237:245 arg1 digestibility 247:259 biomass enzymatic digestibility 229:259 biomass enzymatic digestibility 229:259 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 26748046 0 58 dep G-lignin 0:7 arg1 monosaccharides 28:42 monosaccharides 28:42 monosaccharides 28:42 G-lignin and hemicellulosic monosaccharides distinctively affect biomass digestibility in rapeseed. 26748046 1 59 theme Brassica 148:155 arg1 species 157:163 four Brassica species 143:163 four Brassica species 143:163 In this study, total 19 straw samples from four Brassica species were determined with a diverse cell wall composition and varied biomass enzymatic digestibility under sulfuric acid or lime pretreatment. 24012483 7 0 theme biomass 1336:1342 arg1 productivity 1344:1355 a higher biomass productivity 1327:1355 a higher biomass productivity 1327:1355 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 6 1 theme production 1163:1172 arg1 μm/hour 1185:1191 1.80 μm/hour 1180:1191 1.80 μm/hour 1180:1191 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 6 1 theme production 1163:1172 arg1 rate 1174:1177 the overall 2-HBP production rate 1145:1177 the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) 1145:1192 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 9 2 dep growth 1811:1816 arg1 -1 1832:1833 -1 1832:1833 -1 1832:1833 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 9 2 dep growth 1811:1816 arg1 hour 1827:1830 μ=0.091 hour 1819:1830 μ=0.091 hour(-1) 1819:1834 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 4 3 theme BDS 833:835 arg1 pathway 849:855 the BDS biochemical pathway 829:855 the BDS biochemical pathway 829:855 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 12 4 theme rate 2492:2495 arg1 terms 2454:2458 terms 2454:2458 terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose) 2454:2586 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 6 5 theme overall 1149:1155 arg1 μm/hour 1185:1191 1.80 μm/hour 1180:1191 1.80 μm/hour 1180:1191 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 6 5 theme overall 1149:1155 arg1 rate 1174:1177 the overall 2-HBP production rate 1145:1177 the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) 1145:1192 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 7 6 dep induced 1364:1370 arg1 value 1504:1508 the value 1500:1508 the value obtained 1500:1517 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 6 dep induced 1364:1370 arg1 lower 1532:1536 lower 1532:1536 lower 1532:1536 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 7 theme growth 1276:1281 arg1 increase 1288:1295 the growth rate increase 1272:1295 the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B 1272:1318 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 3 8 theme able 527:530 arg1 1B 475:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 8 theme able 527:530 arg1 bacterium 516:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 7 9 theme strain 1310:1315 arg1 1B 1317:1318 strain 1B 1310:1318 strain 1B 1310:1318 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 4 10 theme enzymes 809:815 arg1 requirements 788:799 cofactor requirements 779:799 cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway 779:855 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 2 11 from other 342:346 arg1 sulfur 286:291 sulfur 286:291 sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source 286:388 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 7 12 from μmol/g/hour 1545:1555 arg1 sucrose 1560:1566 sucrose 1560:1566 sucrose 1560:1566 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 9 13 theme desulfurizing 1905:1917 arg1 DBT 1919:1921 desulfurizing DBT 1905:1921 desulfurizing DBT 1905:1921 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 9 14 from DBT 1919:1921 arg1 presence 1930:1937 the presence 1926:1937 the presence of fructose 1926:1949 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 8 15 theme carbon 1656:1661 arg1 mixture 1612:1618 a mixture 1610:1618 a mixture of glucose and fructose 1610:1642 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 8 15 theme carbon 1656:1661 arg1 source 1663:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 7 16 theme production 1475:1484 arg1 q2-HBP 1492:1497 q2-HBP 1492:1497 q2-HBP 1492:1497 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 16 theme production 1475:1484 arg1 rate 1486:1489 2-HBP specific production rate 1460:1489 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) 1460:1498 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 6 17 theme strain 1201:1206 arg1 1B 1208:1209 the strain 1B 1197:1209 the strain 1B 1197:1209 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 5 18 theme desulfurization 979:993 arg1 ability 995:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 7 19 theme 2-HBP 1460:1464 arg1 q2-HBP 1492:1497 q2-HBP 1492:1497 q2-HBP 1492:1497 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 19 theme 2-HBP 1460:1464 arg1 rate 1486:1489 2-HBP specific production rate 1460:1489 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) 1460:1498 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 12 20 theme BDS 2412:2414 arg1 enhancement 2416:2426 this significant BDS enhancement 2395:2426 this significant BDS enhancement 2395:2426 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 8 21 theme μmol/g/hour 1712:1722 arg1 value 1691:1695 a value 1689:1695 a value 1689:1695 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 10 22 theme biomass 2085:2091 arg1 productivity 2093:2104 biomass productivity 2085:2104 biomass productivity 2085:2104 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 6 23 dep rate 1115:1118 arg1 -1 1132:1133 -1 1132:1133 -1 1132:1133 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 6 23 dep rate 1115:1118 arg1 hour 1127:1130 0.025 hour 1121:1130 0.025 hour(-1) 1121:1134 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 9 24 theme fructose 1942:1949 arg1 presence 1930:1937 the presence 1926:1937 the presence of fructose 1926:1949 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 6 25 theme 2-HBP 1157:1161 arg1 μm/hour 1185:1191 1.80 μm/hour 1180:1191 1.80 μm/hour 1180:1191 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 6 25 theme 2-HBP 1157:1161 arg1 rate 1174:1177 the overall 2-HBP production rate 1145:1177 the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) 1145:1192 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 11 26 theme grown 2369:2373 arg1 cultures 2375:2382 glucose grown cultures 2361:2382 glucose grown cultures 2361:2382 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 11 27 theme effectiveness 2270:2282 arg1 BDS 2284:2286 effectiveness BDS 2270:2286 effectiveness BDS 2270:2286 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 3 28 theme alkanivorans 455:466 arg1 1B 475:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 28 theme alkanivorans 455:466 arg1 bacterium 516:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 9 29 theme carbon 1963:1968 arg1 source 1970:1975 the only carbon source 1954:1975 the only carbon source 1954:1975 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 0 30 theme dibenzothiophene 65:80 arg1 process 98:104 dibenzothiophene desulfurization process 65:104 dibenzothiophene desulfurization process 65:104 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B during dibenzothiophene desulfurization process. 24012483 1 31 theme recalcitrant 155:166 arg1 sulfur 168:173 recalcitrant sulfur 155:173 recalcitrant sulfur 155:173 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 9 32 theme highest 1782:1788 arg1 values 1790:1795 The highest values 1778:1795 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) 1778:1870 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 6 33 theme grown 1236:1240 arg1 cultures 1242:1249 glucose grown cultures 1228:1249 glucose grown cultures 1228:1249 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 12 34 from μm/hour 2537:2543 arg1 glucose 2549:2555 glucose 2549:2555 glucose 2549:2555 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 2 35 dep polycyclic 348:357 arg1 aromatic 359:366 aromatic 359:366 aromatic 359:366 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 5 36 theme alkanivorans 1009:1020 arg1 1B 1029:1030 G. alkanivorans strain 1B 1006:1030 G. alkanivorans strain 1B 1006:1030 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 7 37 theme 2-HBP 1399:1403 arg1 rate 1416:1419 the 2-HBP production rate 1395:1419 the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour) 1395:1434 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 37 theme 2-HBP 1399:1403 arg1 μm/hour 1427:1433 1.91 μm/hour 1422:1433 1.91 μm/hour 1422:1433 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 11 38 theme functional 2233:2242 arg1 cells 2244:2248 functional cells 2233:2248 functional cells 2233:2248 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 9 39 theme cell 1806:1809 arg1 growth 1811:1816 cell growth 1806:1816 cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) 1806:1835 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 12 40 located observed 2442:2449 arg2 enhancement 2416:2426 this significant BDS enhancement 2395:2426 this significant BDS enhancement 2395:2426 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 12 40 located observed 2442:2449 arg1 terms 2454:2458 terms 2454:2458 terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose) 2454:2586 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 5 41 theme 1B 1029:1030 arg1 ability 995:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 5 41 theme 1B 1029:1030 arg1 growth 964:969 growth 964:969 growth 964:969 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 7 42 dep lower 1532:1536 arg1 μmol/g/hour 1580:1590 1.22 μmol/g/hour 1575:1590 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose 1575:1601 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 42 dep lower 1532:1536 arg1 μmol/g/hour 1545:1555 0.718 μmol/g/hour 1539:1555 0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose 1539:1566 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 2 43 theme sulfur 376:381 arg1 source 383:388 sulfur source 376:388 sulfur source 376:388 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 0 44 theme Fructophilic 0:11 arg1 behaviour 13:21 Fructophilic behaviour 0:21 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia 0:33 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B during dibenzothiophene desulfurization process. 24012483 2 45 theme environmental 414:426 arg1 process 437:443 an easy and environmental friendly process 402:443 an easy and environmental friendly process 402:443 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 2 46 theme easy 405:408 arg1 process 437:443 an easy and environmental friendly process 402:443 an easy and environmental friendly process 402:443 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 7 47 theme rate 1486:1489 arg1 terms 1451:1455 terms 1451:1455 terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) 1451:1498 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 12 48 theme overall 2467:2473 arg1 rate 2492:2495 the overall 2-HBP production rate 2463:2495 the overall 2-HBP production rate 2463:2495 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 1 49 with conditions 211:220 arg1 the 227:229 the 227:229 the 227:229 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 10 50 theme amount 2162:2167 arg1 cells 2169:2173 a higher amount cells 2153:2173 a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization 2153:2208 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 11 51 theme glucose 2361:2367 arg1 cultures 2375:2382 glucose grown cultures 2361:2382 glucose grown cultures 2361:2382 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 3 52 theme pathway 609:615 arg1 product 591:597 the final product 581:597 the final product of the 4S pathway 581:615 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 52 theme pathway 609:615 arg1 2-hydroxybiphenyl 554:570 2-hydroxybiphenyl 554:570 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) 554:578 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 4 53 theme cofactor 779:786 arg1 requirements 788:799 cofactor requirements 779:799 cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway 779:855 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 7 54 from μmol/g/hour 1580:1590 arg1 glucose 1595:1601 glucose 1595:1601 glucose 1595:1601 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 9 55 theme 2-HPB 1841:1845 arg1 9.29μm/hour 1859:1869 9.29μm/hour 1859:1869 9.29μm/hour 1859:1869 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 9 55 theme 2-HPB 1841:1845 arg1 production 1847:1856 2-HPB production 1841:1856 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) 1841:1870 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 6 56 theme lowest 1086:1091 arg1 values 1093:1098 the lowest values 1082:1098 the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B 1082:1209 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 5 57 theme sugars 931:936 arg1 influence 910:918 the influence 906:918 the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B 906:1030 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 4 58 theme medium 764:769 arg1 composition 738:748 the nutrient composition 725:748 the nutrient composition of the growth medium 725:769 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 3 59 theme desulfurizing 502:514 arg1 1B 475:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 59 theme desulfurizing 502:514 arg1 bacterium 516:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 12 60 theme production 2481:2490 arg1 rate 2492:2495 the overall 2-HBP production rate 2463:2495 the overall 2-HBP production rate 2463:2495 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 7 61 theme higher 1329:1334 arg1 productivity 1344:1355 a higher biomass productivity 1327:1355 a higher biomass productivity 1327:1355 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 11 62 theme strain 2299:2304 arg1 1B 2306:2307 strain 1B 2299:2307 strain 1B 2299:2307 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 2 63 from compound 329:336 arg1 sulfur 286:291 sulfur 286:291 sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source 286:388 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 8 64 theme strain 1671:1676 arg1 1B 1678:1679 strain 1B 1671:1679 strain 1B 1671:1679 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 9 65 theme strain 1891:1896 arg1 1B 1898:1899 strain 1B 1891:1899 strain 1B 1891:1899 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 1 66 theme fossil 180:185 arg1 fuels 187:191 fossil fuels 180:191 fossil fuels 180:191 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 12 67 theme 2-HBP 2475:2479 arg1 rate 2492:2495 the overall 2-HBP production rate 2463:2495 the overall 2-HBP production rate 2463:2495 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 11 68 dep more 2265:2268 arg1 BDS 2284:2286 effectiveness BDS 2270:2286 effectiveness BDS 2270:2286 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 7 69 theme rate 1283:1286 arg1 increase 1288:1295 the growth rate increase 1272:1295 the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B 1272:1318 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 70 theme specific 1466:1473 arg1 q2-HBP 1492:1497 q2-HBP 1492:1497 q2-HBP 1492:1497 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 70 theme specific 1466:1473 arg1 rate 1486:1489 2-HBP specific production rate 1460:1489 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) 1460:1498 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 4 71 theme many 804:807 arg1 enzymes 809:815 many enzymes 804:815 many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway 804:855 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 1 72 theme operating 201:209 arg1 conditions 211:220 mild operating conditions 196:220 mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms 196:251 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 6 73 theme tests 1064:1068 arg1 results 1037:1043 The results 1033:1043 The results of desulfurization tests 1033:1068 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 1 74 theme mild 196:199 arg1 conditions 211:220 mild operating conditions 196:220 mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms 196:251 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 12 75 theme significant 2400:2410 arg1 enhancement 2416:2426 this significant BDS enhancement 2395:2426 this significant BDS enhancement 2395:2426 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 11 76 theme cells 2244:2248 arg1 number 2223:2228 The greater number 2211:2228 The greater number of functional cells 2211:2248 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 5 77 theme G. 1006:1007 arg1 1B 1029:1030 G. alkanivorans strain 1B 1006:1030 G. alkanivorans strain 1B 1006:1030 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 4 78 theme biochemical 837:847 arg1 pathway 849:855 the BDS biochemical pathway 829:855 the BDS biochemical pathway 829:855 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 4 79 theme cell 666:669 arg1 growth 671:676 cell growth 666:676 cell growth 666:676 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 12 80 dep μm/hour 2537:2543 arg1 fructose 2578:2585 fructose 2578:2585 fructose 2578:2585 Moreover, this significant BDS enhancement can better be observed in terms of the overall 2-HBP production rate, which increased over 5-fold, from 1.80 μm/hour (in glucose) to 9.29 μm/hour (in fructose). 24012483 10 81 theme highest 2068:2074 arg1 value 2076:2080 the highest value 2064:2080 the highest value of biomass productivity 2064:2104 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 11 82 theme more 2265:2268 arg1 process 2288:2294 a more effectiveness BDS process 2263:2294 a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B 2263:2307 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 9 83 theme only 1958:1961 arg1 source 1970:1975 the only carbon source 1954:1975 the only carbon source 1954:1975 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 0 84 theme desulfurization 82:96 arg1 process 98:104 dibenzothiophene desulfurization process 65:104 dibenzothiophene desulfurization process 65:104 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B during dibenzothiophene desulfurization process. 24012483 5 85 theme DBT 975:977 arg1 ability 995:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 3 86 theme final 585:589 arg1 product 591:597 the final product 581:597 the final product of the 4S pathway 581:615 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 86 theme final 585:589 arg1 2-hydroxybiphenyl 554:570 2-hydroxybiphenyl 554:570 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) 554:578 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 2 87 from dibenzothiphene 298:312 arg1 sulfur 286:291 sulfur 286:291 sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source 286:388 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 10 88 theme strain 2109:2114 arg1 1B 2116:2117 strain 1B 2109:2117 strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization 2109:2208 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 6 89 theme growth 1108:1113 arg1 rate 1115:1118 the growth rate 1104:1118 the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) 1104:1135 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 1 90 from fuels 187:191 arg1 removal 144:150 the removal 140:150 the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels 140:191 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 1 91 theme sulfur 168:173 arg1 removal 144:150 the removal 140:150 the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels 140:191 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 7 92 theme production 1405:1414 arg1 rate 1416:1419 the 2-HBP production rate 1395:1419 the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour) 1395:1434 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 7 92 theme production 1405:1414 arg1 μm/hour 1427:1433 1.91 μm/hour 1422:1433 1.91 μm/hour 1422:1433 When using sucrose, the growth rate increase exhibited by strain 1B led to a higher biomass productivity, which induced a slightly increase in the 2-HBP production rate (1.91 μm/hour), conversely in terms of 2-HBP specific production rate (q2-HBP) the value obtained was markedly lower (0.718 μmol/g/hour in sucrose versus 1.22 μmol/g/hour in glucose). 24012483 10 93 theme productivity 2093:2104 arg1 value 2076:2080 the highest value 2064:2080 the highest value of biomass productivity 2064:2104 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 6 94 theme glucose 1228:1234 arg1 cultures 1242:1249 glucose grown cultures 1228:1249 glucose grown cultures 1228:1249 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 9 95 theme fructophilic 1991:2002 arg1 behaviour 2004:2012 a fructophilic behaviour 1989:2012 a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium 1989:2030 The highest values for both cell growth (μ=0.091 hour(-1)) and 2-HPB production (9.29μm/hour) were obtained when strain 1B was desulfurizing DBT in the presence of fructose as the only carbon source, indicating a fructophilic behaviour by this bacterium. 24012483 5 96 theme strain 1022:1027 arg1 1B 1029:1030 G. alkanivorans strain 1B 1006:1030 G. alkanivorans strain 1B 1006:1030 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 8 97 theme glucose 1623:1629 arg1 mixture 1612:1618 a mixture 1610:1618 a mixture of glucose and fructose 1610:1642 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 8 97 theme glucose 1623:1629 arg1 source 1663:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 11 98 theme greater 2215:2221 arg1 number 2223:2228 The greater number 2211:2228 The greater number of functional cells 2211:2248 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 4 99 theme nutrient 729:736 arg1 composition 738:748 the nutrient composition 725:748 the nutrient composition of the growth medium 725:769 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 8 100 theme fructose 1635:1642 arg1 mixture 1612:1618 a mixture 1610:1618 a mixture of glucose and fructose 1610:1642 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 8 100 theme fructose 1635:1642 arg1 source 1663:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 5 101 theme main 877:880 arg1 goal 882:885 the main goal 873:885 the main goal 873:885 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 2 102 theme friendly 428:435 arg1 process 437:443 an easy and environmental friendly process 402:443 an easy and environmental friendly process 402:443 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 8 103 used used 1648:1651 arg2 mixture 1612:1618 a mixture 1610:1618 a mixture of glucose and fructose 1610:1642 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 8 103 used used 1648:1651 arg2 source 1663:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 carbon source 1656:1668 When a mixture of glucose and fructose was used as carbon source, strain 1B reached a value of q2-HBP=1.90 μmol/g/hour, close to that in fructose (q2-HBP=2.12 μmol/g/hour). 24012483 0 104 theme Gordonia 26:33 arg1 behaviour 13:21 Fructophilic behaviour 0:21 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia 0:33 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B during dibenzothiophene desulfurization process. 24012483 3 105 theme strain 468:473 arg1 1B 475:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 105 theme strain 468:473 arg1 bacterium 516:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 0 106 theme strain 48:53 arg1 1B 55:56 strain 1B 48:56 strain 1B 48:56 Fructophilic behaviour of Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B during dibenzothiophene desulfurization process. 24012483 5 107 theme carbon 942:947 arg1 source 949:954 carbon source 942:954 carbon source 942:954 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 3 108 theme 4S 606:607 arg1 pathway 609:615 the 4S pathway 602:615 the 4S pathway 602:615 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 109 theme Gordonia 446:453 arg1 1B 475:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B 446:476 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 3 109 theme Gordonia 446:453 arg1 bacterium 516:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 a desulfurizing bacterium 500:524 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 6 110 theme desulfurization 1048:1062 arg1 tests 1064:1068 desulfurization tests 1048:1068 desulfurization tests 1048:1068 The results of desulfurization tests showed that the lowest values for the growth rate (0.025 hour(-1)) and for the overall 2-HBP production rate (1.80 μm/hour) by the strain 1B were obtained in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 10 111 theme higher 2155:2160 arg1 amount 2162:2167 a higher amount 2153:2167 a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization 2153:2208 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 11 112 theme higher 2346:2351 arg1 q2-HBP 2329:2334 a q2-HBP 2327:2334 a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures 2327:2382 The greater number of functional cells conducted to a more effectiveness BDS process by strain 1B, as they attained a q2-HBP about 74% higher than in glucose grown cultures. 24012483 3 113 theme carbon 637:642 arg1 source 644:649 carbon source 637:649 carbon source 637:649 Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B has been described as a desulfurizing bacterium, able to desulfurize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), the final product of the 4S pathway, using d-glucose as carbon source. 24012483 10 114 with agreement 2049:2057 arg1 value 2076:2080 the highest value 2064:2080 the highest value of biomass productivity 2064:2104 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 10 115 dep 1B 2116:2117 arg1 fructose 2125:2132 fructose 2125:2132 fructose 2125:2132 This fact is in agreement with the highest value of biomass productivity by strain 1B be in fructose, which resulted in a higher amount cells fulfilling the DBT-desulfurization. 24012483 5 116 theme several 923:929 arg1 sugars 931:936 several sugars 923:936 several sugars 923:936 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 1 117 dep the 227:229 arg1 aid 231:233 aid 231:233 aid 231:233 Biodesulfurization (BDS) aims at the removal of recalcitrant sulfur from fossil fuels at mild operating conditions with the aid of microorganisms. 24012483 2 118 theme model 323:327 arg1 compound 329:336 a model compound 321:336 a model compound 321:336 These microorganisms can remove sulfur from dibenzothiphene (DBT), a model compound, or other polycyclic aromatic used as sulfur source, making BDS an easy and environmental friendly process. 24012483 4 119 theme growth 757:762 arg1 medium 764:769 the growth medium 753:769 the growth medium 753:769 However, both cell growth and desulfurization can be largely affected by the nutrient composition of the growth medium, due to cofactor requirements of many enzymes involved in the BDS biochemical pathway. 24012483 5 120 from influence 910:918 arg1 ability 995:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 DBT desulfurization ability 975:1001 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 24012483 5 120 from influence 910:918 arg1 growth 964:969 growth 964:969 growth 964:969 In this study, the main goal was to investigate the influence of several sugars, as carbon source, on the growth and DBT desulfurization ability of G. alkanivorans strain 1B. 27017098 4 0 theme important 484:492 arg1 idea 494:497 an important idea that author must not only be creative but also be careful while writing in order to publish more valuable and worth of reading papers 481:631 an important idea that author must not only be creative but also be careful while writing in order to publish more valuable and worth of reading papers 481:631 It suggested an important idea that author must not only be creative but also be careful while writing in order to publish more valuable and worth of reading papers. 27017098 0 1 theme membrane 124:131 arg1 " 132:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 0 2 from Comments 0:7 arg1 Removal 23:29 the paper "Removal 12:29 the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) 12:47 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 1 3 theme adsorption 209:218 arg1 systems 220:226 adsorption systems 209:226 adsorption systems 209:226 A mistake of using and applying pseudo-first order kinetic expression for adsorption systems has been pointed out. 27017098 0 4 dep Cr 53:54 arg1 VI 56:57 VI 56:57 VI 56:57 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 2 5 theme expression 341:350 arg1 idea 306:309 original idea 297:309 original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression 297:350 This discussion offered information for citing original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression. 27017098 3 6 theme adsorption 382:391 arg1 rate 393:396 initial adsorption rate 374:396 initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model 374:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 2 7 theme kinetic 333:339 arg1 expression 341:350 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 314:350 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 314:350 This discussion offered information for citing original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression. 27017098 0 8 theme paper 16:20 arg1 Removal 23:29 the paper "Removal 12:29 the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) 12:47 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 3 9 theme kinetic 434:440 arg1 model 442:446 pseudo-second order kinetic model 414:446 pseudo-second order kinetic model 414:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 4 10 theme reading 618:624 arg1 papers 626:631 reading papers 618:631 reading papers 618:631 It suggested an important idea that author must not only be creative but also be careful while writing in order to publish more valuable and worth of reading papers. 27017098 3 11 theme rate 393:396 arg1 idea 366:369 The original idea 353:369 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model 353:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 3 12 theme pseudo-second 414:426 arg1 model 442:446 pseudo-second order kinetic model 414:446 pseudo-second order kinetic model 414:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 3 13 theme initial 374:380 arg1 rate 393:396 initial adsorption rate 374:396 initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model 374:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 0 14 theme phytic 66:71 arg1 acid 73:76 phytic acid 66:76 phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 66:132 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 3 15 theme order 428:432 arg1 model 442:446 pseudo-second order kinetic model 414:446 pseudo-second order kinetic model 414:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 0 16 theme aqueous 34:40 arg1 II 45:46 II 45:46 II 45:46 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 0 16 theme aqueous 34:40 arg1 Hg 42:43 aqueous Hg 34:43 aqueous Hg(II) 34:47 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 0 17 theme polyaniline/cellulose 84:104 arg1 " 132:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 2 18 theme original 297:304 arg1 idea 306:309 original idea 297:309 original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression 297:350 This discussion offered information for citing original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression. 27017098 0 19 theme composite 114:122 arg1 " 132:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 3 20 theme original 357:364 arg1 idea 366:369 The original idea 353:369 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model 353:446 The original idea of initial adsorption rate calculated from pseudo-second order kinetic model was also presented. 27017098 0 21 theme acetate 106:112 arg1 " 132:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane" 84:132 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 0 22 from Cr 53:54 arg1 Removal 23:29 the paper "Removal 12:29 the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) 12:47 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 1 23 theme pseudo-first 167:178 arg1 expression 194:203 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 167:203 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 167:203 A mistake of using and applying pseudo-first order kinetic expression for adsorption systems has been pointed out. 27017098 2 24 theme order 327:331 arg1 expression 341:350 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 314:350 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 314:350 This discussion offered information for citing original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression. 27017098 1 25 theme order 180:184 arg1 expression 194:203 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 167:203 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 167:203 A mistake of using and applying pseudo-first order kinetic expression for adsorption systems has been pointed out. 27017098 0 26 theme Hg 42:43 arg1 Removal 23:29 the paper "Removal 12:29 the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) 12:47 Comments on the paper "Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane". 27017098 4 27 dep must 511:514 arg1 only 520:523 only 520:523 only 520:523 It suggested an important idea that author must not only be creative but also be careful while writing in order to publish more valuable and worth of reading papers. 27017098 2 28 theme pseudo-first 314:325 arg1 expression 341:350 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 314:350 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 314:350 This discussion offered information for citing original idea of pseudo-first order kinetic expression. 27017098 1 29 theme kinetic 186:192 arg1 expression 194:203 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 167:203 pseudo-first order kinetic expression 167:203 A mistake of using and applying pseudo-first order kinetic expression for adsorption systems has been pointed out. 30207143 6 0 from activity 807:814 arg1 reactions 823:831 the reactions 819:831 the reactions of double immunodiffusion 819:857 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 5 1 theme 126 587:589 arg1 LPS 572:574 The LPS 568:574 The LPS of E. coli 126 568:589 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 9 2 theme serogroup 1401:1409 arg1 O15 1411:1413 E. coli serogroup O15 1393:1413 E. coli serogroup O15 1393:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 5 3 theme E. 707:708 arg1 F-50 715:718 E. coli F-50 707:718 E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes 707:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 5 4 theme adhesive 605:612 arg1 index 614:618 the adhesive index 601:618 the adhesive index 601:618 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 4 5 theme bimodal 523:529 arg1 distribution 531:542 a bimodal distribution 521:542 a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs 521:565 SDS-PAG electrophoresis showed a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs. 30207143 7 6 dep B. 976:977 arg1 aquatica 979:986 aquatica 979:986 aquatica 979:986 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 5 7 from F-50 715:718 arg1 erythrocytes 730:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 9 8 dep 1H 1258:1259 arg1 spectroscopy 1273:1284 NMR spectroscopy 1269:1284 NMR spectroscopy 1269:1284 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 7 9 theme serological 886:896 arg1 cross-reaction 898:911 No serological cross-reaction 883:911 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 883:1033 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 2 10 theme Enterobacteriaceae 257:274 arg1 members 235:241 other members 229:241 other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae 229:274 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 3 11 dep E. 348:349 arg1 coli 351:354 coli 351:354 coli 351:354 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 2 12 theme family 250:255 arg1 Enterobacteriaceae 257:274 the family Enterobacteriaceae 246:274 the family Enterobacteriaceae 246:274 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 4 13 theme typical 544:550 arg1 distribution 531:542 a bimodal distribution 521:542 a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs 521:565 SDS-PAG electrophoresis showed a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs. 30207143 3 14 dep E. 281:282 arg1 coli 284:287 coli 284:287 coli 284:287 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 6 15 from LPS 748:750 arg1 system 783:788 a homologous system 770:788 a homologous system 770:788 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 8 16 theme acid 1118:1121 arg1 hydrolysis 1123:1132 mild acid hydrolysis 1113:1132 mild acid hydrolysis 1113:1132 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 5 17 theme rabbit 723:728 arg1 erythrocytes 730:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 5 18 from erythrocytes 730:741 arg1 adhesins 695:702 adhesins 695:702 adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes 695:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 5 18 from erythrocytes 730:741 arg1 molecules 666:674 LPS molecules 662:674 LPS molecules of E. coli 126 662:689 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 7 19 theme type 988:991 arg1 strain 993:998 the B. aquatica type strain 972:998 the B. aquatica type strain 972:998 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 9 20 theme E. 1393:1394 arg1 O15 1411:1413 E. coli serogroup O15 1393:1413 E. coli serogroup O15 1393:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 7 21 dep E. 933:934 arg1 coli 936:939 coli 936:939 coli 936:939 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 8 22 theme mild 1113:1116 arg1 hydrolysis 1123:1132 mild acid hydrolysis 1113:1132 mild acid hydrolysis 1113:1132 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 3 23 theme studied 340:346 arg1 strains 356:362 previously studied E. coli strains 329:362 previously studied E. coli strains 329:362 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 9 24 contain had 1334:1336 arg2 characteristic 1352:1365 the structure characteristic 1338:1365 the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15 1338:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 9 24 contain had 1334:1336 arg1 polysaccharide 1319:1332 the O-specific polysaccharide 1304:1332 the O-specific polysaccharide 1304:1332 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 3 25 theme other 371:375 arg1 members 377:383 other members 371:383 other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium) 371:448 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 3 26 theme E. 348:349 arg1 strains 356:362 previously studied E. coli strains 329:362 previously studied E. coli strains 329:362 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 7 27 theme B. 976:977 arg1 strain 993:998 the B. aquatica type strain 972:998 the B. aquatica type strain 972:998 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 6 28 theme 126 763:765 arg1 LPS 748:750 The LPS 744:750 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system 744:788 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 3 29 theme members 377:383 arg1 LPSs 321:324 the LPSs 317:324 the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium) 317:448 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 0 30 theme lipopolysaccharide 24:41 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli 126. 0:66 Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli 126. 30207143 4 31 theme SDS-PAG 490:496 arg1 electrophoresis 498:512 SDS-PAG electrophoresis 490:512 SDS-PAG electrophoresis 490:512 SDS-PAG electrophoresis showed a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs. 30207143 7 32 theme that 964:967 arg1 cross-reaction 898:911 No serological cross-reaction 883:911 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 883:1033 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 9 33 theme O-specific 1308:1317 arg1 polysaccharide 1319:1332 the O-specific polysaccharide 1304:1332 the O-specific polysaccharide 1304:1332 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 5 34 dep E. 707:708 arg1 coli 710:713 coli 710:713 coli 710:713 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 2 35 theme acid 165:168 arg1 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 2 35 theme acid 165:168 arg1 composition 170:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition 147:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS 147:204 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 9 36 theme O15 1411:1413 arg1 representatives 1374:1388 the representatives 1370:1388 the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15 1370:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 8 37 theme lipid 1139:1143 arg1 components 1064:1073 The structural components 1049:1073 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis 1049:1132 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 8 37 theme lipid 1139:1143 arg1 A 1145:1145 lipid A 1139:1145 lipid A 1139:1145 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 8 38 theme lipopolysaccharide 1082:1099 arg1 components 1064:1073 The structural components 1049:1073 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis 1049:1132 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 8 38 theme lipopolysaccharide 1082:1099 arg1 A 1145:1145 lipid A 1139:1145 lipid A 1139:1145 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 8 39 theme core 1152:1155 arg1 oligosaccharide 1157:1171 the core oligosaccharide 1148:1171 the core oligosaccharide 1148:1171 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 5 40 theme LPS 662:664 arg1 molecules 666:674 LPS molecules 662:674 LPS molecules of E. coli 126 662:689 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 2 41 theme fatty 159:163 arg1 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 2 41 theme fatty 159:163 arg1 composition 170:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition 147:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS 147:204 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 8 42 theme structural 1053:1062 arg1 components 1064:1073 The structural components 1049:1073 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis 1049:1132 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 8 42 theme structural 1053:1062 arg1 A 1145:1145 lipid A 1139:1145 lipid A 1139:1145 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 3 43 theme Enterobacteriaceae 392:409 arg1 members 377:383 other members 371:383 other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium) 371:448 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 5 44 theme F-50 715:718 arg1 adhesins 695:702 adhesins 695:702 adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes 695:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 5 44 theme F-50 715:718 arg1 molecules 666:674 LPS molecules 662:674 LPS molecules of E. coli 126 662:689 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 5 45 from molecules 666:674 arg1 erythrocytes 730:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 2 46 theme A 157:157 arg1 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 2 46 theme A 157:157 arg1 composition 170:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition 147:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS 147:204 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 7 47 theme E. 933:934 arg1 strains 941:947 other E. coli strains 927:947 other E. coli strains 927:947 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 5 48 theme 126 687:689 arg1 adhesins 695:702 adhesins 695:702 adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes 695:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 5 48 theme 126 687:689 arg1 molecules 666:674 LPS molecules 662:674 LPS molecules of E. coli 126 662:689 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 0 49 theme 126 63:65 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 24:41 the lipopolysaccharide 20:41 the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli 126 20:65 Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli 126. 30207143 9 50 theme monosaccharide 1230:1243 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 monosaccharide analysis 1230:1252 monosaccharide analysis 1230:1252 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 3 51 theme E. 281:282 arg1 pyrogenic 464:472 pyrogenic 464:472 pyrogenic 464:472 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 3 51 theme E. 281:282 arg1 LPS 293:295 The E. coli 126 LPS 277:295 The E. coli 126 LPS 277:295 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 3 51 theme E. 281:282 arg1 toxic 306:310 toxic 306:310 toxic 306:310 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 2 52 theme lipid 151:155 arg1 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 2 52 theme lipid 151:155 arg1 composition 170:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition 147:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS 147:204 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 9 53 theme structure 1342:1350 arg1 characteristic 1352:1365 the structure characteristic 1338:1365 the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15 1338:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 6 54 theme antigenic 797:805 arg1 activity 807:814 antigenic activity 797:814 antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion 797:857 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 3 55 theme strains 356:362 arg1 LPSs 321:324 the LPSs 317:324 the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium) 317:448 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 9 56 theme analysis 1245:1252 arg1 data 1222:1225 the data 1218:1225 the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy 1218:1284 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 2 57 theme investigated 189:200 arg1 LPS 202:204 the investigated LPS 185:204 the investigated LPS 185:204 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 2 58 theme LPS 202:204 arg1 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 similar 210:216 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 2 58 theme LPS 202:204 arg1 composition 170:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition 147:180 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS 147:204 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 1 59 theme 126 117:119 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 72:89 The lipopolysaccharide 68:89 The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli 126 68:119 The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli 126 was isolated and studied. 30207143 1 59 theme 126 117:119 arg1 LPS 92:94 LPS 92:94 LPS 92:94 The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli 126 was isolated and studied. 30207143 6 60 theme immunodiffusion 843:857 arg1 reactions 823:831 the reactions 819:831 the reactions of double immunodiffusion 819:857 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 7 61 theme strains 941:947 arg1 LPS 920:922 the LPS 916:922 the LPS of other E. coli strains 916:947 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 3 62 dep Enterobacteriaceae 392:409 arg1 fontium 441:447 Pragia fontium 434:447 Pragia fontium 434:447 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 3 62 dep Enterobacteriaceae 392:409 arg1 aquatica 421:428 Budvicia aquatica 412:428 Budvicia aquatica 412:428 The E. coli 126 LPS was more toxic than the LPSs of previously studied E. coli strains and of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Budvicia aquatica and Pragia fontium), and was less pyrogenic than pyrogenal. 30207143 7 63 theme other 927:931 arg1 strains 941:947 other E. coli strains 927:947 other E. coli strains 927:947 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 9 64 theme representatives 1374:1388 arg1 characteristic 1352:1365 the structure characteristic 1338:1365 the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15 1338:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 9 65 theme 1H 1258:1259 arg1 data 1222:1225 the data 1218:1225 the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy 1218:1284 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 4 66 theme LPSs 562:565 arg1 typical 544:550 typical 544:550 typical 544:550 SDS-PAG electrophoresis showed a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs. 30207143 5 67 theme possible 633:640 arg1 competition 642:652 a possible competition 631:652 a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes 631:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 2 68 theme other 229:233 arg1 members 235:241 other members 229:241 other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae 229:274 The lipid A fatty acid composition of the investigated LPS was similar to that of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. 30207143 9 69 theme coli 1396:1399 arg1 O15 1411:1413 E. coli serogroup O15 1393:1413 E. coli serogroup O15 1393:1413 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15. 30207143 4 70 theme S-form 555:560 arg1 LPSs 562:565 S-form LPSs 555:565 S-form LPSs 555:565 SDS-PAG electrophoresis showed a bimodal distribution typical of S-form LPSs. 30207143 6 71 theme homologous 772:781 arg1 system 783:788 a homologous system 770:788 a homologous system 770:788 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 5 72 from adhesins 695:702 arg1 erythrocytes 730:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 rabbit erythrocytes 723:741 The LPS of E. coli 126 decreased the adhesive index indicating a possible competition between LPS molecules of E. coli 126 and adhesins of E. coli F-50 on rabbit erythrocytes. 30207143 7 73 theme LPS 920:922 arg1 cross-reaction 898:911 No serological cross-reaction 883:911 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 883:1033 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 8 74 theme O-specific 1182:1191 arg1 polysaccharide 1193:1206 the O-specific polysaccharide 1178:1206 the O-specific polysaccharide 1178:1206 The structural components of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis were lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and the O-specific polysaccharide. 30207143 6 75 theme double 836:841 arg1 immunodiffusion 843:857 double immunodiffusion 836:857 double immunodiffusion 836:857 The LPS of E. coli 126 in a homologous system showed antigenic activity in the reactions of double immunodiffusion in agar by Ouchterlony. 30207143 7 76 with cross-reaction 898:911 arg1 antiserum 1010:1018 the antiserum 1006:1018 the antiserum to E. coli 126 1006:1033 No serological cross-reaction of the LPS of other E. coli strains, as well as of that of the B. aquatica type strain, with the antiserum to E. coli 126 was observed. 30207143 9 77 theme NMR 1269:1271 arg1 spectroscopy 1273:1284 NMR spectroscopy 1269:1284 NMR spectroscopy 1269:1284 Based on the data of monosaccharide analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy it was found that the O-specific polysaccharide had the structure characteristic of the representatives of E. coli serogroup O15.